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The Lawrence—Haverhill, MassachusettsNew Hampshire, Metropolitan Area June 1967 B u lle tin No. 1 5 3 0 -7 7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T I S T I CS BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES REGION I— NEW ENGLAND J o h n F . Kenne dy F e d e r a l Bu il d in g Governm ent C enter R o o m 16 0 3 - B B o s t o n , M a s s . 022 03 T e l . : 22 3 - 6 7 6 2 REGION II— MW-ATLANTIC 34 1 Ninth A v e . New Y o r k , N. Y. 10001 T e l . : 971-5405 REGION III— SOUTHERN 1371 P e a c h t r e e St. , N E . A t l a n t a , G a . 30309 T e l . : 526-5418 REGION TV— NORTH CENTRAL 219 South D e a r b o r n St. C h i c a g o , 111. 6 06 04 T e l . : 353-7230 REGION V— WESTERN 450 G o ld e n G a te A v e . B o x 36017 San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . 94 10 2 T e l . : 556-4678 REGION VI— MOUNTAIN-PLAINS F e d e r a l O ffic e B u ild in g T h ir d F lo o r 911 W alnu t S t. K a n s a s C it y , M o . 6 4 1 0 6 T e l . : 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1 Area Wage Survey The Lawrence—Haverhill, MassachusettsNew Hampshire, Metropolitan Area June 1967 Bulletin No. 1530-77 J u ly 1 9 6 7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 402 - Price 20 cents Contents Preface Page The B u re au of L a bo r Statistics p r o gr am of annual occupational wage s u r v e y s in m et ropolitan areas is d e signed to provide data on occupational ea rnings, and e s t a b li s h m en t p r a c t i c e s and supple m entary wage p r o v is io n s . It y ie lds detailed data by s e le c t e d industry divisions for each of the a r e a s studied, fo r geograp hic regio ns, and for the United State s. A m a j o r consi deratio n in the p r o g r a m is the need fo r g r e a t e r insight into (l ) the m ovem ent of wa ges by occupational c a t e g o r y and skill le v e l, and (2) the s t r u c ture and le v e l of w a g e s among a reas and industry d iv isio n s. A t the end of each s u rvey , an individual a r e a b u l letin p r e s e n ts s u r v e y r e s u lt s for each area studied. A fte r com p letion of all of the individual area bulletins for a round of s u r v e y s , a t w o -p a r t s u m m a r y bulletin is issu ed. The f i r s t part b rin g s data fo r each of the m etropo lit an areas studied into one bulle tin. The second part presents i n fo r m ation which has b een pr o jec ted f r o m individual m e t r o politan a r e a data to r ela te to geographic regions and the United State s. Introduction________________________________________________________________________ Wa ge trends for s e l e c t e d occupational g r o u p s _____________________________ T able s : 1. 2. A. E s tab li sh m en ts and w o r k e r s within scope of s u r vey and number s tudied____________________________________ Indexes of standard w e ek ly s a la r i e s and s t r a i g h t -t i m e hourly earnings for se le c t e d occupational gro ups, and p ercen ts of in c r e a s e fo r s elec ted p e r i o d s _________________________ Occupational e a r n i n g s :* A - 1. O ffice occupations—m en and w o m e n __________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s i o n a l and tech n ic a l occupations—w o m e n ___________ A - 3 . O ffic e , p r o fe s s i o n a l, and te chnic al occupations— m e n and w o m en c o m b i n e d ____________________________________ A - 4 . Maintenance and powerplant o cc u p a tio n s ____________________ A - 5 . C ustodial and m a t e r i a l m ov em en t occupations_____________ Appendix. Occupational d e s c rip tio n s _________________________________________ E i g h t y - s i x a r e a s cu rren tly are included in the p r o g r a m . Inform atio n on occupational earnings is c olle cted annually in each a r e a . Information on establishm en t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry wage provisions is obtained b ie n n ially in m o s t of the a r e a s . This bulle tin p r e s e n ts resu lt s of the s u r vey in L a w r en c e—H av er h ill, M a s s . —N . H . , in June 1967. The Stand ard M e tr o polita n Sta tis tic a l A r e a , as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through A p r i l 19 66 , con sists of the cities of L a w r e n c e and H a v er h ill; the towns of An d ov er, Georgetow n, G ro ve la nd , M e r r i m a c , Methuen, North Andover, and W e s t Newbury in E s s e x County, M a s s . ; and the towns of Newton, P l a i s to w , and S a le m in Rockingham County, N. H. This study wa s conducted by the B u re a u 's regional office in B osto n, M a s s . , W e n d ell D. Macdo nald, D ir ec tor ; by Leo E p ste in , under the dir ec tion of Pa ul V. Mulkern, A s s i s t a n t Regional D ir e c t o r fo r W a ge s and Industrial Rel ations. 1 3 areas. iii * N O T E : S im ila r tabulations are available fo r other (See inside back cov er.) 2 3 5 6 6 7 8 9 Area Wage Survey The Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., Metropolitan Area Introduction Occupational em p lo ym en t and earnings data are shown for f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational c la s s if i c a t i o n . Earnings data exclude p r e m iu m pay for o v e r t im e and for work on week en ds, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuse s are excluded, but c o s t - o f -l iv i n g bonuses and incentive ea rnings are included. Where weekly hours are reporte d, as for office c l e r i c a l occupations, r ef e r e n c e is to the stand ard workweek (rounded to the n ea re s t half hour) for which employee s r e c e iv e their r egular s t r a i g h t -t i m e s a la r i e s (e xc lu siv e of pay for o v e r t im e at regular a n d /o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ). A v e r a g e weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n e a re s t half dollar. This area is 1 of 86 in which the U.S. D epartm ent of L a b o r 's Bureau of L a bo r Sta tistic s conducts surveys of occupational earnings and relate d b en efits on an areawide b a s i s . This bulletin p r e s e n ts current occupational em plo ym ent and earnings in fo rm a tio n obtained la rgely by m ail fr o m the establis hm ents v is ited by B ure au fie ld e c o n o m is ts in the last previou s su rvey for occupations r eporte d in that e a r lier study. P e rs o n al v isits w ere m ad e to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the prev iou s s u r vey . In each a re a , data are obtained fr o m r ep r es e n ta tiv e e s t a b lis h m en ts within si x broad industry divisio n s: Manufacturing; t r a n s portation, c om m u n ica tio n , and other public utilities; w h o le sale trade ; r e t a i l trade; finance, i n s u ra n c e, and rea l estate; and s e r v i c e s . Major industry g ro ups excluded f r o m these studies are govern m en t o p e r a tions and the const ruction and extractiv e industries. Es tab lis h m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d number of workers are omitted because they tend to fu rnish in su ff icien t em ployment in the occupations studied to w arran t inclu si on. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad in dust ry d iv isio n s which mee t publication c r i t e r i a . The a v e r a g e s presen te d r eflec t c o m p o s it e , areawide e s t i m ates. Industries and esta blish m en ts differ in pay leve l and job staffing and, thus, contribute diffe rently to the e s tim a tes for each job. The pay rela tionship obtainable f r o m the a vera ge s m ay fail to ref lect a ccu rately the wage sprea d or d iffe ren tial maintained among jobs in individual e s t a b lis h m e n t s . S i m i la r l y , d iffe re n ce s in average pay leve ls for m en and wom en in any of the se lec ted occupations should not be a s s u m e d to r e f le c t diffe re n ce s in pay treatm en t of the sexes within individual e s t a b lis h m e n t s . Other po s s ible fa c to rs which may contrib ute to d iffe re n ce s in pay for m en and wom en include: D iffe ren ces in p r o g r e s s i o n within established rate r a n g e s , since only the actual rates paid incumbents are colle c ted ; and d iffe re n ce s in specific duties p e r fo r m e d , although the w o r k e r s are appropria te ly c la s s if i e d within the s a m e survey job de sc ription . Job d e sc ription s used in cla ss ifying e m ployees in these su r v ey s are usu ally m o r e gen er aliz ed than those used in individual es ta blis h m en ts and allow for minor d iffe ren ces among e sta blis h m en ts in the specific duties p e r f o r m e d . T h e s e su r v ey s are conducted on a sample b as is b ecau se of the u n n e c e s s a r y c os t involved in surveying all e s t a b lis h m e n t s . To obtain optim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m cost, a g re a t e r proportion of la rg e than of s m a l l es ta b lis h m en ts is studied. In combining the data, h ow ev er, all e s t a b lis h m e n t s are given their appropriate weight. Es t im a te s b as e d on the e sta blish m en ts studied are prese n te d, th e r e fo r e , as relating to all e s ta b lis h m en ts in the industry grouping and a re a, except fo r those below the m in im u m s ize studied. Occupational em p lo y m en t es t im a t e s r e p r es e n t the total in all e sta blis h m en ts within the scop e of the study and not the number a c tually surveyed . B e c a u s e of d iffe re n c e s in occupational structure among e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the es t i m a t e s of occupational employment o b tained fr o m the s a m p le of es ta blis h m en ts studied s e r v e only to indicate the r ela tive im portan ce of the jobs studied. T h ese d iffe ren ces in o c c u pational stru cture do not m a t e r i a l ly affect the acc u r ac y of the e a r n ings data. Occupations and Earn ings The occupations selec ted for study are com m o n to a v ariety of man ufacturing and nonmanufacturing in du s tries , and a re of the fo ll o w ing t yp es : ( l ) O ff ic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te chnic al; (3) m a i n tenance and powerplant; and (4) custodial and m aterial m o v e m e n t . O c cupational c la s s if i c a t i o n is b as e d on a unifo rm set of job de sc ription s designed to take account of in te re sta b lish m e n t variation in duties within the s a m e jo b . The occupatio ns selected for study a r e li s ted and d e s c r ib e d in the appendix. The earnings data following the job title s are for all in d u s tries c om b in ed . Earnings data for some of the occupations li s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , or for s o m e industry divisions within occupatio ns, a re not p r e s e n te d in the A - s e r i e s tables because either ( l ) e m p lo y ment in the occupation is too s m a ll to provide enough data to m e r i t pr ese n ta tio n , or (2) t h ere is p o ssibilit y of d is c lo s u re of individual e s tablish m en t data. E stab li sh m en t P r a c t i c e s and Supple m en ta ry Wage P r ov ision s Tabulations on selec ted esta blis h m en t p r a ctic es and su pp le m en tar y wage pro vis ion s ( B - s e r i e s tables) are not presented in this bulletin. Information fo r these tabulations is c olle cted biennially in this are a. T h es e tabulations on m i n im u m entrance s a la r i e s for i n e x perienced wonbien office w o r k e r s ; shift diffe re n tials ; scheduled weekly h ou rs; paid h oliday s; paid v acation s; and health, insurance, and pension plans are presen te d (in the B - s e r i e s tables) in previous bulletins for this area. 1 2 T a b l e 1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d i e d in L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , b y m a j o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 J u n e 1967 M inim um em ploym ent in e s t a b l i s h m e n ts in s c o p e of study Indu stry d ivision A l l d i v i s i o n s _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 6 ----------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e 6 ----------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 6 ----------------------------------------------F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e 6---------S e r v i c e s 6 7 -------------------------------------------------- M a s s . - N . H. , 1 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s N u m b e r of e s ta b lish m e n ts W it hin s c o p e o f s t u d y 4 W it hin s c o p e of stu d y 3 _ Studied Studied Num ber Percent 184 74 44 , 4 00 100 30, 53 0 50 - 116 68 43 31 37, 900 6, 500 85 15 Z 7 , 0 80 3, 4 5 0 50 50 50 50 50 7 11 3Z 9 9 6 3 13 5 4 700 1, 100 Z, 900 900 900 Z Z 7 Z Z 670 Z60 1, 4 9 0 60 0 430 1 T h e L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y th e B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h A p r i l 19 6 6 , c o n s i s t s o f the c i t i e s o f L a w r e n c e a n d H a v e r h i l l ; the t o w n s o f A n d o v e r , G e o r g e t o w n , G r o v e l a n d , M e r r i m a c , M e th u e n , N o r t h A n d o v e r , a n d W e s t N e w b u r y in E s s e x C o u n t y , M a s s . ; a n d the to w n s o f N e w to n , P l a i s t o w , a n d S a l e m in R o c k i n g h a m C o u n ty , N. H. T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e of s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s sh o w n in t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n of the s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n of the l a b o r f o r c e in c l u d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e not i n t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s of c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s f o r th e a r e a to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e ( l ) p l a n n i n g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the u s e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a n d (Z) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d i t i o n o f the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l a n d th e 1963 S u p p l e m e n t w e r e u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t a t o r a b o v e the m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s ( w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h in d u s t r ie s a s tr a d e , fin an ce, auto r e p a i r s e r v i c e , and m o tio n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b li s h m e n t. 4 I n c l u d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t (w it h i n th e a r e a ) at o r a b o v e the m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . 5 T a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h i s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s . S ep arate presen tation o f d a t a f o r t h i s d i v i s i o n i s no t m a d e f o r o ne o r m o r e of the f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s ; (1) E m p l o y m e n t in the d i v i s i o n i s t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a t a to m e r i t s e p a r a t e s t u d y , (Z) th e s a m p l e w a s not d e s i g n e d i n i t i a l l y to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t o r i n a d e q u a t e to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a n d (4) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a . 7 H o te l s; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; au to m o b ile r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o tio n p i c t u r e s ; nonp rofit m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s (e x c lu d in g r e l i g i o u s and c h a r it a b le o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . O v e r f i v e - s i x t h s o f th e w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in the L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m s . T h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e p r e s e n t s th e m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s and s p e c i f ic i n d u s t r ie s a s a p e r c e n t of a ll m a n u f a c t u r in g : Industry groups Specific in du stries E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y _____ ____ 31 L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s . . . ZZ O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s . . . ___ 8 8 T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s _______ ___ R u b b e r and m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s . . _______ ___ 7 A p p a r e l _______________________ . . . . . 6 P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .. . ___ 5 C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . . Z7 F o o t w e a r ( e x c e p t r u b b e r ) ___. . . . . 18 O r d n a n c e ___________________ . . . . . 8 T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s of t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e m a t e r i a l s c o m p i l e d p r i o r to a c t u a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r i o u s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d on the r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y a s s h o w n in t a b l e 1 a b o v e . 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n t e d in table 2 a re indexes and p ercen tages of change in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s of o ffice c le ric a l w o r k e r s and industrial n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e ea rnings of s elected plant w o rker g ro u ps. The indexes a r e a m e a s u r e of w a g es at a given tim e , e x p r e s s e d as a perc ent of w a g es during the b a s e pe rio d (date of the area survey conducted between July I 9 6 0 and June 1 9 6 1). Subtracting 100 f r o m the index y ie ld s the p e rc e n ta g e change in wa ges f r o m the b a s e period to the date of the index. The pe rc e n ta ge s of change or i n c r e a s e relate to wage changes bet ween the indicated dates. T h e s e e s t im a t e s are m e a s u r e s of change in a v e r a g e s for the a re a; they a re not intended to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e pay changes in the esta blis h m en ts in the a r e a . Method of Computing in the occupational group. T h e s e constant weights reflec t base year em p lo y m en ts w h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e . Th e a v e r a g e (mean) earnings for each occupation w e r e mult ip lied by the occupation weight, and the products fo r all occupations in the group w e r e totaled. The aggre gate s for 2 con secutive y e a r s w e r e r ela te d by dividing the aggregate for the la te r y ear by the agg rega te fo r the e a r li e r y e a r . The resultant r e la tiv e , l e s s 100 percen t, shows the p ercen ta ge change. The index is the product of multiplying the b a s e y e a r r ela tive (100) by the relative for the next succeeding y ear and continuing to multiply (compound) each y e a r ' s rela tive by the previous y e a r ' s index. A v e r a g e earnings fo r the following occupations w e r e u sed in computing the wage trends: Each of the s e le c t e d key occupations within an occupational group was a s s ig n e d a weight based on its proportionate em p lo ym en t O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and women): B ook keep in g-m ach in e operators, class B C lerk s, accou n tin g, classes A and B C lerk s, file , classes A, B, and C C lerk s, order C lerk s, payroll C om p tom eter operators K eypunch operators, classes A and B O ffice boys and girls T able 2. O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and w om en)— Continued S ecretaries Stenographers, general Stenographers, senior Sw itchboard operators, classes A and B T ab u latin g-m ach in e operators, class B T ypists, classes A and B S k ille d m ain ten ance (m en): Carpenters E lectrician s M achinists M echanics M echanics (au tom otive) Pa inters Pipefitters T o o l and die m akers U nskilled plant (m en): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, m a teria l handling Industrial nurses (m en and wom en): Nurses, industrial (registered) Indexes of standard w eekly salaries and straigh t-tim e hourly earnings for sele cted o ccu patio n al groups in Law rence—H av erh ill, M ass.—N .H . , June 1967 and June 1966, and percents of in crease for se le cte d periods Indexes (June 1961=100) Percents o f increase Industry and o ccu p atio n al group June 1967 A ll industries: O ffice c le ric a l (m en and w o m e n )------Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )----S k ille d m ain ten ance (m e n )---------------U n sk illed p lan t ( m e n ) ----------------------M anufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and w o m e n )------Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )----S k ille d m ain ten an ce (m e n )---------------U n sk illed p lan t ( m e n ) ----------------------- D ata do not m e e t p u b lication criteria. June 1966 June 1966 to June 1967 June 1965 to June 1966 June 1964 to June 1965 June 1963 to June 1964 June 1962 to June 1963 June 1961 to June 1962 June 1960 to June 1961 t 1) 133.9 1 2 7 .0 12 6 .5 (l) 128.6 118. 7 118.9 C1) 4. 2 7 .0 6 .3 C1) 5 .9 2 .9 4 .0 2 .6 4. 1 2 .1 2 .7 3 .6 5 .4 3 .3 2 .9 3 .4 6 .3 2 .6 3 .5 3 .9 4 .2 6 .7 4 .6 4 .6 2 .4 3 .7 4 .3 0) 1 33.9 (*) 128.6 ( 1) 118. 1 ( 1) 4. 2 ( X) 5 .9 C1) 3. 1 ( X) 3 .6 2 .0 2 .4 3 .7 5 .9 3 .3 2 .9 4 .2 6 .3 2 .7 3 .1 3 .6 4 .2 6 .7 5 .5 4 .4 2 .4 3 .8 6 .3 (*) 126. 1 (*) 6 .7 4 F o r o ffice c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and industria l n u r s e s , the wage trends relate to week ly s a la r i e s for the n or m al workw eek, ex clu sive of earnings at o v e r t im e p r e m i u m r a t e s . For plant w o r k er grou ps, they m e a s u r e changes in a verage s t r a i g h t -t i m e hourly earnings, excluding p r e m i u m pay for o v e r t im e and for work on week en ds, holidays, and late shifts. The percen ta ges are based on data for selected key occupations and include m o s t of the n u m e r ic a lly important jobs within each group. Changes in the la bor fo rce can cau se i n c r e a s e s or d e c r e a s e s in the occupational a verages without actual wage c h a n g e s . It is con ceiv ab le that even though all esta blis h m en ts in an a r e a gave wage i n c r e a s e s , a vera ge wages may have declined b ec a u s e lo w e r - p a y i n g es t a b lis h m e n t s entered the area or expanded their work f o r c e s . S i m i la r l y , wages m a y have remained relatively constant, yet the a v e r a g e s fo r an a re a m ay have risen considerably b ec au s e h ig h e r -p a y in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s entered the area. Lim ita tions of Data The indexes and pe rc e n ta ge s of change, as m e a s u r e s of change in a re a a v e r a g e s , are influenced by: (l ) g en eral s a la r y and wage changes, (2) m e r i t or other i n c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by individual w o r k e r s while in the same jo b , and (3) changes in a vera ge wa ges due to changes in the labor fo r c e resulting f r o m la bor turn o ver, fo r c e expansi ons, fo r c e red uctions, and changes in the p r o p o r tions of w o r k e r s em plo yed by e sta blis h m en ts with different pay l e v e l s . The use of constant em p loy m en t weights elim in a te s the effect of changes in the proportion of w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n te d in each job included in the data. The p e rc e n ta ge s of change reflec t only changes in a vera ge pay for s tra ig h t-tim e h o u r s . They a re not influenced by changes in standard work s c h ed u les , as such, or by p r e m i u m pay fo r o v e r t i m e . Data were adjusted where n e c e s s a r y to r e m o v e f r o m the indexes and percenta ge s of change any significant effect caused by changes in the scope of the s u r v e y . 5 A. Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N .H ., J u n e 1 967) Weekly earnings1 (standard) S e x , o cc up a tio n, and i n d u s t r y di v i si on Number of workers $ Average weekly hours1 ( standard) 55 $ 65 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of— $ 70 $ 75 $ 80 ( 85 $ 90 * 95 $ 100 $ 105 $ 1 10 $ 115 $ 120 $ 125 $ 13 0 $ $ 135 140 90 95 100 105 110 115 12 0 125 13 0 135 140 o v er 2 3 2 6 und er 60 CLERKS, $ 60 MEN ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ---------- 65 70 75 80 85 105.00-117.50 WOMEN B I L L E R S , MACHINE (B IL LI N G MACHINE! ------------------------------------------ 63 .0 0 - 87.00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 38.5 38.0 76.00 74.50 73.50 72.50 7 0 .5 0 - 87.00 6 5 .00- 80.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ---------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 39.0 40.0 93.50 95.00 96.00 97.50 8 5 .5 0 89.0 0 - CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B ---------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 39.5 40.0 39.0 78.50 83.50 71.00 77.00 84.00 72.50 7 0 .0 0 - 91.00 7 4 .0 0 - 97.00 67.00- 79.50 2 2 71 .0 0 - 79.00 - CLERKS, ORDER ----------------------------------- 8 8 104.50 103.50 - CLERKS, PAYROLL -------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 135 133 40.0 40.0 85.00 85.00 87.00 87.00 7 7 .0 0 - 94.00 7 7 .0 0 - 94.00 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A ---------- 84 40.0 85.50 83.00 80.50- KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B ---------- 18 40.0 78.00 SECRETARIES 3--------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------ 196 157 39 SEC RET AR IES , CLASS B ------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 35 26 SEC R ET AR IE S, CLASS C ------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 109 99 S EC RET AR IES , CLASS C ------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 40 23 40.0 40.0 92.00 90.00 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------ 51 21 30 40.0 40.0 40.0 8 8.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B ----NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------ 23 21 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 46 41 T Y P I S T S , CLASS 8 -----------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ - — - 4 7 3 .0 0 - 84.00 - - 9 2 .0 0 - 114.00 9 7 .5 0 - 113.50 7 9 . 5 0 - 1 2 1 .0 0 8 6 . 00- 7 — - 4 2 7 2 7 5 2 2 2 - — — - 1 02 . 00- 1 1 4 .0 0 1 04.00- 114.00 - - 90.5 0 91.00 80 .5 0 - 98.00 86.50- 95.00 - - - 86.50 84.00 89.00 7 9 . 0 0 - 1 0 1 .0 0 76 .0 0 - 92.50 8 1 .0 0 - 105.00 - - 4 83.00 91.50 40.0 40.0 78.00 77.00 79.00 78.50 7 5 .0 0 - 84.00 7 4 .0 0 - 83.50 2 2 39.5 39.5 77.50 78.00 78.00 80.00 6 7 . GO- 8 7 . 0 0 7 1 . GO- 8 7 . 0 0 - 40.0 40.0 72.00 72.50 72.00 72.50 6 7 .00- 80.00 67 .0 0 - 81.50 3 3 - - - 2 - 11 7 6 6 1 16 16 32 31 10 10 7 2 2 7 6 7 6 1 5 2 2 3 4 4 - 2 2 - 6 5 2 2 17 17 - 7 7 15 15 2 1 - 40 40 2 - 5 - 6 6 2 - - - - - 8 8 — 4 1 3 1 2 - - 7 2 - - - 14 13 1 - - 1 1 - 45 43 2 - 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 22 - - - - - - - 1 1 2 3 1 1 20 20 — 1 2 - 12 11 2 5 - 1 - - - - - - 11 15 14 1 - 11 11 4 - 15 9 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 6 6 - 2 - 2 3 1 1 3 6 8 3 1 - 1 - - - - - 1 — 3 1 2 2 18 13 - 3 4 7 9 5 3 8 8 15 11 3 4 1 - 6 6 6 6 — — 6 3 2 — — 2 2 2 4 - - 6 6 - — 5 8 8 7 7 1 2 1 7 4 4 3 6 6 6 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 10 3 - 9 5 1 4 — — - 9 - - - 7 - - — - - - — — - - - — 1 1 - - 3 - 1 4 1 3 3 — 10 - — — 3 3 - - - 10 5 5 - - 5 — 14 13 15 8 1 1 4 4 - - 8 8 - 4 1 8 8 — 3 1 5 4 - - - 39 - - - - — 19 12 3 9 - 5 5 1 — 2 b - 4 23 23 8 b 7 6 9 9 2 - 2 2 5 11 11 118.00 8 9 .0 0 - 118.00 39.5 108.00 110.50 4 0 . 0 1 0 9 . 5 0 1 1 1 .0 0 7 3 5 5 77.50 10 3 3 3 — 39.5 1 0 4 .0 0 1 0 6 .5 0 40.0 106.50 108.00 95.00 38.5 86.50 0.0 1 1 6 - * 1 1 — 2 2 - 39.0 9 4 - 89.00 102.50 98.50 105.50 109.00 1 1 - - 1 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w ee k fo r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e the ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e of pa y fo r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the ea r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . 2 The m e a n i s c o m p u te d fo r e a ch job by totaling the ea r n in g s of a ll w o r k e r s and divi din g by the nu m b er of w o r k e r s . The m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s po s it i o n — h a lf of the e m p l o y e e s su r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e than the r a t e shown; ha lf r e c e i v e l e s s than the ra te shown. The m i d d le r a n g e is de fin ed by 2 r a t e s of pa y; a fo urt h of the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the lo w er of th e se r a t e s and a f o ur th e a r n m o r e than the h ig he r r a t e . 3 M a y inc lude w o r k e r s o th er than th ose p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y . 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Women ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w ee k l y h o u r s and e a r n i n g s fo r s e l e c t e d o cc up a tio ns studi ed on an a r e a b a s i s by in d u s t r y d iv i si o n , L a w r e n c e —H a v e rh il l, M a s s . —N.H., J une 1967) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Number of workers Oc cu pa ti on and in d u s tr y d iv i s i o n NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ---u Axil i r a t tI iUK i n TKir MflNUrAL 1 N U ——————— —————————— 20 20 Average weekly hours1 ( standard) 40.0 40.0 $ M ean2 Median 2 N u m be r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t ti m e we e kl y e a r n i n g s of— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 90 95 100 105 110 11 5 120 125 $ 13 0 and under Middle range 2 95 100 3 3 2 2 $ $ $ $ 112.50 116.00 1 0 1 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0 1 1 2 .5 0 116.00 1 0 1 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0 105 110 1 1 3 3 115 120 1 1 3 3 125 2 2 130 3 3 13 5 2 2 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w ee k f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e th e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e of pa y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e se we e kl y h o u r s . 2 F o r defini tio n of t e r m s , s e e footnote 2, tab le A - l . Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e we e kl y h o u r s and e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d oc cu p a tio ns studi ed on an a r e a b a s i s by in d u s t r y d iv i si o n , L a w r e n c e —H a v e rh il l, M a s s . —N.H., June 1967) Average O cc u pa ti on and i n d u s tr y d iv i si o n Number of workers Weekly earnings 1 (standard) (standard) Weekly Ave•rage O cc u pa ti on and in d u s tr y d iv i s i o n OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - OFFICE OCCUPATIONS B I L L E R S . MACHINE (BILLING MACHINE) ------------------------------------------- 15 39.5 $ 73.00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, LL Abb n ------ —————------------—-----——------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 42 30 38.5 38.0 76.00 74.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 66 45 21 39.5 40.0 39.5 97.00 9 6 .00 99.00 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 53 31 22 39.5 40.0 39.0 7 9 .50 85.00 72.50 CLERKS, ORDER -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING------------------------------- 33 20 39.0 40.0 82.50 82.00 CLERKS, PAYROLL -------------------------------f*« (YUr AL ! UH INb 137 1 34 40.0 40.0 85.00 85.00 Number of workers Weekly (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS 84 40.0 $ 85.50 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------ 18 40.0 78.00 SECRETARIES2 ——____ ________ ____________ MANUFACTURING------------------ ----------NCNMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 196 157 39 SECRETARIES, CLASS B -------- ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 35 26 SECRET AR IES , CLASS C -------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 109 99 SEC RETA RIES, CLASS C -------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 40 23 40.0 40.0 92.00 90.00 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING —— ________ ___ __ 51 21 30 40.0 40.0 88.00 83.00 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A ----------- Average Oc cu pat ion and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n 40.0 106.50 38.5 95.00 39.0 40.0 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) - CONTINUED 23 21 40.0 40 .0 $ 78.00 77.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMA AMtIC A T T1IUK ID T NtV f*j — n tNUn AL IrN —————————— 46 41 39.5 39.5 77.50 7 8 .00 T Y P I S T S. CLASS B ------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 64 55 4 0.0 40.0 7 2 .00 7 2 .50 102.50 105.50 39.5 108.00 40.0 1 09.50 Weekly hours 1 (standard) SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -----NCNMANUFACTURING -------------------------- PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS CLASS B ---------------------------- 64 40.0 1 32.00 NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) — UAMI IC A C T l i n Tfcir rM lINUr Au 1U“ XNu DRAFTSMEN, 20 20 40.0 40.0 112.50 112.50 1 S ta n d a rd h our s re f l e c t the wo rkw ee k fo r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e th e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s iv e of pa y fo r o v e r t i m e at c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w ee kl y h o u r s . 2 May include w o r k e r s other than th o se p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y . Number of workers •e g u la r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n i n g s 7 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N .H . , J u n e 1 9 6 7 ) Hourly earnings * $ * $ 1.80 1.90 2 .0 0 O cc u pa ti on and i n d u s t r y d iv i s i o n Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 39 39 $ 2. 93 2.93 $ 2.89 2.89 $ $ 2 .5 7 - 3.26 2 .5 7 - 3.26 EL ECT RIC IA N S. MAINTENANCE --------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 110 110 3.31 3.31 3.48 3.48 3 .0 5 - 3.62 3.0 5 - 3.62 Num be r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o ur ly e a r n in g s of— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2 . 2 0 2 . 3 0 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3..2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 $ 3.50 $ 3.60 _ 2.10 2 .2 0 - - _ - _ 2 .3 0 2.40 - - 2 . 50 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 80 2 . 9 0 3.00 3.10 3 . 20 3,.30 3 . 4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4.00 4.10 - 2 2 11 11 2 2 2 2 3 3 - 2 2 - 14 14 “ 1 1 2 2 - - - 3 3 2 2 5 5 1 1 13 13 8 8 8 8 11 11 3 3 2 2 21 21 32 32 - 1 1 1 - 1 5 3 2 - 16 16 - - STATIONARY ---------------- 19 3.22 3.52 2 .8 9 - 3.63 - - - 3 - - - - 1 - - 3 - 29 2.93 2 . 88 2.83- 3.18 - - - - - - 3 1 - - 13 1 2 3 6 HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES -----MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 71 68 2.27 2.27 2.35 2. 35 2 .0 9 - 2.44 2 .0 9 - 2.44 - 10 10 8 8 10 10 - 16 14 23 22 “ 4 4 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 95 95 3.22 3.22 3.25 3.25 2 .8 9 - 3.57 2.89- 3.57 - ~ - _ - “ “ ~ 6 6 5 5 4 4 8 8 l 1 14 14 7 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 25 25 - ~ MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------- 33 16 2.90 2.52 3 . 12 2.28 2.2 8 - 3.45 2.1 1 - 2.89 2 2 _ 2 2 3 3 2 2 _ _ _ “ ~ 1 1 7 - - ~ 9 “ _ “ 1 1 _ - 4 4. _ - 1 ~ _ - MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 114 111 3.14 3.13 3.28 3 . 19 2 .7 8 - 3.56 2 .7 8 - 3.55 _ - _ _ _ - - - 4 4 2 2 5 5 3 3 8 3 8 8 16 16 1 1 7 7 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 33 32 MILLWRIGHTS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 49 49 3.18 3,18 3.26 3.26 2 .88- 3.53 2.8 8 - 3.53 _ _ _ - - - - “ - 17 IT 1 1 - - “ - - 10 10 - - 1 1 - - 4 4 - - - PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 28 28 3.00 3.00 3.07 3.07 2 .9 6 - 3.15 2 .9 6 - 3.15 _ - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 2 2 - - P I P E F I T T E R S , MAINTENANCE ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 71 71 3.11 3.11 3 , 16 3 . 16 2 .8 9 - 3.52 2 .8 9 - 3.52 _ _ _ _ - - 8 8 7 7 TOOL ANO DTE MAKERS ------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 115 115 3.62 3.62 3.57 3.57 3.5 2 - 3.93 3 .5 2 - 3.93 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r work c F o r de f in i ti o n of t e r m s , s e e footn ote 2, ta ble A - l . w eekends, - h o li d ay s , - - and la te s h i f ts . - _ - - - - - - - _ - STATIONARY BOILER ------- ENGINEERS. FIREMEN, $ $ $ $ 3.70 3.80 3 .9 0 4 .00 and un der 1.90 2.00 CARPENTERS. MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- $ 2.10 _ - - _ 1 1 “ 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 - 2 2 16 16 - _ - _ _ - - 1 1 - - - _ _ - _ _ - - “ 1 1 4 4 8 8 10 10 - 1 1 2 2 10 10 2 2 10 10 11 11 - - 20 20 - _ _ - - - “ 3 3 1 1 1 1 6 5 5 - 3 3 1 1 51 51 2 2 - 1 1 41 41 6 - - ~ - 8 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N .H ., Ju n e 1967) N u m b e r of w ork e r s r e c e iv i n g s t r a i gh t- ti m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of— Hourly earnings2 $ O c c u p a t i o n 1 and i n d u s tr y d iv i s i o of rkers 1.40 Mean3 Median3 Middle range3 $ $ $ $ £ ( $ 1.5 0 1.60 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1.90 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 $ $ £ $ $ 2.20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2.6 0 S £ 2 .7 0 2.80 1.50 1.60 - 146 139 $ 2.42 2.43 $ 2.43 2.43 $ $ 2 .1 8 - 2.78 2 .1 9 - 2.79 “ GUARDS: MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 99 2.59 2.48 2 .4 2 - 2.86 - 1.70 1 .8 0 4 4 4 4 1.90 2 .0 0 2.10 2 .2 0 2 .30 2.40 2.50 2 2 20 17 ~ 2 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3 .0 0 10 6 16 16 11 11 7 7 8 5 3 39 1 1 6 16 11 7 - _ 1.97 1 .9 0 - 2.2 6 - - 4 4 2 15 - 1 8 6 1.98 2.01 1.86 1 .7 2 - 2.25 1 .7 5 - 2.25 1 .6 3 - 2.25 28 20 8 23 21 2 9 6 3 12 8 4 31 23 8 28 23 5 14 13 1 16 16 ~ 51 47 4 21 21 ” 7 6 1 _ - 7 ~ ~ 7 “ 2 _ - 3 3 _ - 1 1 _ 5 5 12 12 2.44 2.38 2.81 2.46 2.40 2.86 2.202.162.75- PACKERS, SH IPPIN G --------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 157 157 2 . 13 2 . 13 2.04 2.0 4 1 .86- 2.47 1 .8 6 - 2.4 7 PACKERS, SH IPPIN G (WOMEN! -------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 90 90 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1 .6 2 1.62- RECEIVING CLERKS ---------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 32 26 2.38 2.31 SHIPPING CLERKS -----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 33 28 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS MANUFACTURING ---------------------- - 1 1 2.03 414 352 62 - 1 1 1.96 1.96 1.94 LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING ----M ANU FACTURIN G ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- - 39 39 40 1 .8 9 - 2.16 2 .0 3 - 2.16 “ 9 9 247 2 04 43 2.11 2.1 2 3.3 0 13 13 JA N ITO R S, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 1.99 2.04 - - - - 4 3 1 4 4 - 17 16 1 13 13 27 27 39 39 26 14 12 61 61 28 28 - 71 70 1 31 31 29 29 44 14 30 3 3 - 2 2 1 1 4 4 5 5 19 19 18 18 26 26 14 14 17 17 5 5 3 3 9 9 17 17 3 3 7 7 9 9 _ - 1.74 1.74 1 1 13 13 41 41 32 32 - - _ 3 3 2.52 2 . 19 2 .1 2 - 2.67 2 .0 9 - 2.64 _ - 3 3 - - 1 1 3 3 7 7 _ - 2 3 3 8 8 - 4 - - 2.49 2.47 2.55 2.51 2 .2 4 - 2.81 2 .2 4 - 2.69 - _ 1 1 1 _ 3 3 9 9 - - 4 4 4 4 2 2 “ 68 57 2.44 2.41 2.45 2.3 9 2.092.10- 2.77 2.74 _ _ _ _ 12 12 1 9 9 5 5 - 11 11 " 10 9 4 4 - TRUCKORIVERS --------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 3 07 76 231 2.83 2.49 2.94 2.85 2.56 2.86 2 .5 5 - 2.9 7 2 .1 1 - 2.92 2 .8 1 - 3.52 - 14 4 10 12 6 6 3 2 1 4 3 1 23 8 15 8 8 - 11 9 4 115 22 22 TRUCKERS, POWER (F O R K L IF T ! -----MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 58 58 2.43 2.43 2.46 2.46 2 .2 5 - 2.68 2 .2 5 - 2.68 _ _ _ 3 3 21 21 - 8 8 12 12 - D a t a li m it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h er e o t h e r w i s e in di ca te d. E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, F o r de finition of t e r m s , s e e footnote 2, ta b le A - l . - _ 7 3 _ _ _ - - _ - - 4 4 - - 2 “ 26 15 11 _ _ 12 12 2 2 - holidays, - - - and late shifts, 2 1 1 " - 4 3.4 0 3.5 0 - - - - _ - " _ - - 3.60 ~ ~ - 2.67 2.59 3.13 £ £ £ £ £ 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 9 9 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 23 21 » 3.00 and und er GUARDS AND WATCHMEN ----------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- JANITO RS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN! ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- $ 2.90 3 3 ~ _ - 12 12 _ _ - - _ - _ - - “ 1 1 _ - _ _ “ “ _ - 4 4 - - - - - - _ 4 4 - 5 - _ - - - 70 - ” - - - - - - - - 70 ~ - “ - - - Appendix. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing m a chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shinning charges, and entry of necessary extensions, which m ay or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The oper ation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The m a chine autom atically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi ness transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary 9 10 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards m aterial. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C . Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi fication system ( e .g . , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards m aterial; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER— Continued to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe m atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items Class A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application 11 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for exam ple, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc. , are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Main tains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a mini mum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receives telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming m ail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files; (c) maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, mem oranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic and typing work. May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of comparable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor. SECRET ARY— Continue d Exclusions Not all positions that are titled "secretary" possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the def inition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal” secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary posi tions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substan tially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the def inition; and(e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of secretarial work. NOTE: The term "corporate officer," used in the level definitions following, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to major company activities. The title "vice president, " though normally indicative of this role, does not in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions. Class A a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employes, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25,000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporate officer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. Class B a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or 12 SECRETARY— Continued STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporate-wide functional activity (e. g. , marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, etc. ) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. ) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific re search from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Ste notype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e. g. , a middle management supervisor of an organizational seg OR ment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; Class C and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the def and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling inition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least m aterial for reports, memorandums, letters, etc. ; composing simple letters several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments from general instructions; reading and routing incoming m ail; and answering which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or two; or SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5,000 persons. Class A. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switch board handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Performs full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full-tim e assignment. ("Full" telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for telephone informa tion purposes, e. g. , because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which extensions are appro priate for calls. ) Class D a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e. g. , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker. ) STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vo cabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. Class B. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switch board handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform lim ited telephone information service. ("Limited" telephone information service occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understandable for tele phone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e. g. , giving e^&ension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator. ) 13 SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing woik. The work typically involves portions of a woik unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL TABU LA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assign ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced oper ator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The woik typically involves, for exam ple, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro cedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C . Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. , with Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or sim ilar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming m ail. Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing m a terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu ation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language m a terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B. Performs one or more of the following; Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e t c .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already setup and spaced properly. 14 PROFESSIONAL DRAFTSMAN AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen. Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy. Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required. MAINTENANCE Continued Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress. D RAFTSMAN - TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.) and/or Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. is closely supervised during progress. Work NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general m edical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. AND PQ WERPL A NT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Plan ning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting m aterials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 15 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES— Continued Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallation, m aintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the followings Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. a woiker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, m a chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding m a terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex cluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and speci fications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re quired for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 16 MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) OILER Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro duction of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or oilier specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculi arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 17 TOOL AND DIE MAKER—Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision measuring instru ments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabri cation as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in CUSTODIAL AND For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apart ment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD AND WATCHMAN Guard. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. Watchman. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m a terials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. 18 ORDER FILLER SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in dicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of con tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m a terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of es tablishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) Available On Request-----T h e s e v e n t h a n n ua l r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r a c c o u n t a n t s , a u d i t o r s , attorn eys, c h em ists, en g in ee rs, engineering technicians, d raftsm en , t r a c e r s , jo b a n a l y s t s , d i r e c t o r s of p e r s o n n e l , m a n a g e r s o f o f f i c e s e r v i c e s , b u y e r s , f r e i g h t r a t e c l e r k s , an d c l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s . O r d e r a s BL»S B u l l e t i n 1535, m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e c h n i c a l , an d 50 c e n t s a cop y. National C lerical Survey of P r o f e s s io n a l, A d P a y , F e b r u a r y —M a r ch 1 9 6 6 . ☆ U.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 -303-597/8 Area Wage Surveys A l i s t of the l a t e s t a v a i l a b l e b u l l e t i n s i s p r e s e n t e d b e low . A d i r e c t o r y i n d i c a ti n g d a t e s of e a r l i e r s t u d i e s , and the p r i c e s of the b u lle tin s i s a v a i l a b l e on r e q u e s t . B u l l e t i n s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m the S u p e r i n te n d e n t of D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a sh in gto n , D . C . , 20402, o r f r o m an y of the B U S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s shown on the i n s i d e f r o n t c o v e r . A rea Bu lletin num ber and p r i c e A k r o n , Ohio, J u n e 1966 1_______________________________ A l b a n y H S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . , A p r. 1 9 6 7 -------------A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , A p r . 1 9 6 7 _____________________ A llen tow n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , F e b . 1 9 6 7 ______________________________________________ A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1 9 6 7 ------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d . , N ov. 1966 1___________________________ B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r —O r a n g e , T e x . , M ay 1 9 6 7 ____ B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r . 1967 1 _______________________ B o i s e C ity , Idaho, J u l y 1966 1__________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . , O c t. 1966 ______________________________ 1530-53, 1530-71, 1530-30, 1530-74, 1530-63, 1530-2, 1530-16, B u f f a l o , N . Y . , D e c . 1966 1______________________________ B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 1967 1 ___________________________ C a n t o n , Ohio, A p r . 1 9 6 7 _______________________________ C h a r l e s t o n , W. V a . , A p r . 1 9 6 7 ________________________ C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , A p r . 1 9 6 7 ____________________________ C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t . 1966 1________________— C h i c a g o , 111., A p r . 1967 1 ______________________________ C i n c in n a t i , Ohio—K y .—I n d . , M a r . 1 9 6 7 --------- -----------C l e v e l a n d , O hio, S e p t . 1966 1__________________________ C o l u m b u s , O hio, O ct. 1966 1___________________________ D a l l a s , T e x . , N ov. 1966 1______________________________ D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l in e , Iow a—111., O c t. 1966 1_____________________________________________ D a y to n , Ohio, J a n . 1 9 6 7 ________________________________ D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1966_____ -________________________ D e s M o i n e s , Iow a, F e b . 1 9 6 7 __________________________ D e t r o i t , M i c h ., J a n . 1967 1 ____________________________ F o r t Worth, T e x . , N ov. 1966 1_________________________ G r e e n B a y , W i s . , A u g. 1966 1________________________ G ree n v ille , S .C ., M ay 1 9 6 7 __________________________ H o u st o n , T e x . , J u n e 1966 1 ______ ______________________ I n d i a n a p o l i s , Ind., D e c . 1966___________________________ J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b . 1 9 6 7 ____________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , J a n . 1967 1 -------------------------------K a n s a s C i t y , M o .—K a n s . , N ov. 1966___________________ L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N .H ., Ju n e 1 9 6 7 ________ L i t t l e R o c k —N o r th L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , Aug. 1966 1-----L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h and A n a h e im —S a n t a A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1967 1 __________________ L o u i s v i l l e , K y .—In d., F e b . 1967 1______________________ L u b b o c k , T e x . , J u n e 1 9 6 7 _____________________________ M a n c h e s t e r , N .H ., A u g. 1966 1-------------------------------M e m p h i s , T e n n .—A r k . , J a n . 1 9 6 7 ----------------------------M i a m i , F l a . , D e c . 1966____________________ _______ —---M id la n d and O d e s s a , T e x . , J u n e 1966 1 -------------------- 1465-81, 1530-62, 1530-60, A rea B u l l e t in n u m b e r and p r i c e 1530-76, 1 5 3 0-42, 153 0 - 7 2 , 15 3 0 - 5 5 , 1 5 3 0-41, 15 3 0 - 5 1 , 1465-82, 30 c e n ts 30 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 25c e n ts 30 c e n ts 40 ce n ts 1 4 6 5-77, 15 3 0 -6 , 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 1530-38, 1530-52, 1530-58, 1530-61, 1530-64, 1530-8, 1530-73, 1530-56, 1530-13, 1530-20, 1530-25, 30 c e n t s M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1967 1 __________________________ 25c e n t s M i n n e a p o l is —St. P a u l , M in n ., J a n . 1967 1_______ „______ 20 c e n t s M u sk e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h ., M a y 1 9 6 7 ________ N e w a r k and J e r s e y C i t y , N . J . , F e b . 1 9 6 7 ______________ 25 c e n t s N ew H a v e n , C o n n ., J a n . 1 9 6 7 ___________________________ 25 c e n t s New O r l e a n s , L a . , F e b . 1967 1 _________________________ 30 c e n ts New Y o r k , N .Y ., A p r . 1966 1____________________________ 20 c e n t s N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o rt N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . , J u n e 1966______________________________ 30 c e n t s 25 c e n ts O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g. 1966 1______________________ 25 c e n t s O m a h a , N e b r .—Iow a, O c t. 1966________ ;_________________ 30 c e n t s P a t e r s o n —C l i ft o n —P a s s a i c , N . J . , M a y 1 9 6 7 ____________ 25 c e n t s P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . —N . J . , Nov. 1966 1___ _________________ 20 c e n t s P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 1 9 6 7 _____________________________ 20 c e n t s P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 1967 1_____________________________ 20 c e n t s P o r t l a n d , M a in e , N ov. 1966_____________________________ 30 c e n t s P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h ., M a y 1966 1____________________ 30 c e n t s P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t - W a r w ic k , R . I . —M a s s . , 25c e n t s M ay 1967 1 -------------------------------------------------------------30 c e n t s R a l e i g h , N . C . , S e p t . 1966_______________________________ 30 c e n t s R i c h m o n d , V a . , Nov. 1966______________________________ 30 c e n t s R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1 9 6 7 ________________________________ 1530- 1 8, 1 5 3 0-67, 1 5 3 0-35, 153 0 - 5 9 , 1 5 3 0-46, 1530-17, 1465-73, 25 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 35c e n ts 20 c e n ts 30 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25c e n ts 1530-70, 1 530-7, 1530-23, 153 0 - 6 8 , 30c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 1530-19, 1530-45, 1530-32, 1530-44, 1530-48, 1530-28, 1530-5, 1530-66, 1465-85, 1530-37, 30 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 25 c e n t s St. L o u i s , M o.—111., Oct. 1966 1_________________________ S a l t L a k e C i ty , U tah, D e c . 1966 1_______________________ S a n A n ton io, T e x . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 ___________________________ S a n B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . , S e p t . 1966_______________________________________________ S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , Nov. 1966 1__________________________ S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . , J a n . 1967 1_____________ S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , Se p t . 1966_____________________________ S a v a n n a h , G a . , M a y 1 9 6 7 _______________________________ S c r a n t o n , P a . , Aug. 1966------------------------------------------S e a t t l e —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., O c t. 1966______________________ 1530-27, 153 0 - 3 3 , 1465-78, 30 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 20c e n ts 1530-14, 1530-24, 1530-36, 1530-10, 1 5 3 0-69, 15 3 0 -3 , 153 0 - 2 2 , 25c e n ts 25 c e n ts 30c e n ts 20 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 1530-43, 1530-39, 1530-26, 1530-77, 1530-1, 20 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 20 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 1530-65, 1530-49, 1530-75, 15 3 0 -4 , 1530-40, 1530-31, 1465-84, 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 20c e n ts 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 25 c e n t s S i o u x F a l l s , S. D a k . , O ct. 1966_________________________ South B e n d , In d., M a r . 1967 ____________________________ S p o k a n e , W a s h ., Ju n e 1 9 6 6 _____________________________ T a m p a - S t . P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , S e p t . 1966 1 ______________ T o l e d o , Ohio—M i c h ., F e b . 1967 1 _______________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , D e c . 1966 1______________________________ W a s h in g to n , D . C . —M d.—V a . , O c t. 1966 1________________ W a t e r b u r y , C o n n ., M a r . 1 9 6 7 __________________________ W a t e r l o o , Iow a, Nov. 1966 1_____________________________ W ic h ita, K a n s . , O ct. 1966 1_____________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , J u n e 1966 1_________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1967 ........................................................................ Y ou n g stow n —W a r r e n , Ohio, Nov. 1966__________________ 153 0 - 1 2 , 153 0 - 5 7 , 1465-75, 15 3 0 -9 , 1 530-50, 153 0 - 3 4 , 153 0 - 1 5 , 1 5 3 0-54, 1530-21, 1530-11, 1465-83, 1 5 3 0-47, 1530-29, 20 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 30c e n ts 25 c e n ts 30 c e n ts 20 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 25 c e n ts 25 c e n t s 25c e n ts 25c e n ts 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.