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Area Wage Survey: Fresno, California, Metropolitan Area, June 1976 Bulletin 1900-29 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics SEP 13 7B Preface T h is b u lle t in p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a June 1976 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in the F r e s n o , C a lif o r n i a , S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a ( F r e s n o C o u n t y ), T h e s u r v e y w as m a d e as p a rt o f th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' a n n u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w h ic h is d e s ig n e d to y ie ld d a ta f o r in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s a s w e l l a s n a t io n a l a nd r e g io n a l e s t im a t e s f o r a l l S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in th e U n ite d S t a te s , e x c lu d in g A la s k a and H a w a ii. A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the n e e d t o d e s c r i b e th e l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , th r o u g h th e a n a ly s is o f ( 1 ) th e l e v e l and d is t r ib u t io n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n , and ( 2 ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l . T h e p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in f o r m a t io n th a t m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , in c lu d in g w a g e and s a l a r y a d m in i s t r a t io n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m in in g p la n t l o c a t i o n . S u r v e y r e s u l t s a l s o a r e u s e d b y th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g e d e t e r m in a t io n s u n d e r th e S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1 965. C u r r e n t ly , 84 a r e a s a r e in c lu d e d in th e p r o g r a m . (S e e l i s t o f a r e a s on in s id e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s d a ta a r e c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly . I n fo r m a t io n on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a nd s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f it s i s o b ta in e d e v e r y t h ir d y e a r . E a c h y e a r a ft e r a l l in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m p le t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle t in s a r e is s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r in g s t o g e t h e r d a ta f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a t io n a l and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d i v id u a l m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a d a ta . T h e F r e s n o s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f ., under th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f M ilt o n K e e n a n , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r O p e r a t io n s . T h e s u r v e y c o u ld n o t h a v e b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d w ith o u t th e c o o p e r a t io n o f th e m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a l a r y d a ta p r o v id e d th e b a s is f o r th e s t a t i s t i c a l in fo r m a t io n in th is b u lle t in . T h e B u r e a u w is h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c ia t io n f o r the c o o p e r a t i o n r e c e iv e d . Note: C u r r e n t r e p o r t s on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in th e F r e s n o a r e a a r e a v a ila b le f o r th e la u n d r y and d r y c le a n in g in d u s t r y . A l s o a v a ila b le a r e l is t i n g s o f u n io n w a g e r a t e s f o r b u ild in g t r a d e s , p r in t in g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s , and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p l o y e e s . F ree c o p i e s o f t h e s e a r e a v a ila b le f r o m the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (S ee b a c k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s . ) Bulletin 1900-29 A rea W ag e Survey: August 1976 Fresno, C a lif., U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, W. J. Usery,Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner M e tro p o lita n Area June 1976 Contents Page In tr o d u c t io n _____________________________________________ 2 Page A p p e n d ix A . A p p e n d ix B . S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y ________ O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ___________ 9 13 T a b le s : A. E a r n in g s : A - l . W e e k ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s . . . A - 2 . W e e k ly e a r n in g s o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s _______________ A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s , b y s e x _____________________ A - 4 . H o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a in t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p la n t w o r k e r s _________________________________ A - 5 . H o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d ia l w o r k e r s ________________________________ A - 6 . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a in t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , p o w e r p la n t, m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t , and c u s t o d ia l w o r k e r s , b y s e x ___________ A - 7 . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , a d ju s te d f o r e m p lo y m e n t s h i f t s _______________ 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 1 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D. C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Price 55 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent o f Documents. Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 84 in w h i c h the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e la te d b e n e f i t s . In this a r e a , data w e r e o b ta in e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n of p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , a n d te l e p h o n e i n t e r v i e w . R epresentative esta b lish m e n t s w it h in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w e r e c o n ta c t e d : M a n u f a c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a tio n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E stablish m e n t s hav in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r of w o r k e r s a r e om itted b e c a u s e of in su fficien t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n s stu d ie d . S e p a r a t e ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h of the b r o a d i n d u s t r y d iv ision s which m eet pu blication criteria . (c ) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t , and (d) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l . In the 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - l a th r o u g h A - 6 a p r o v i d e s i m i l a r data f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g 500 w o r k ers or m ore. T a b le A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , w o r k e r s , i n d u s t r ia l e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g nurses, s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s , m a n u f a c t u r in g , and n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . This ta b le p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e t r e n d s a f t e r e l i m i n a t i o n o f c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s c a u s e d b y e m p l o y m e n t sh ifts a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s as w e l l a s t u r n o v e r of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . F o r f u r t h e r d e t a ils , s e e a p p e n d ix A . A ppendixes A - s e r i e s t a b le s A p p e n d i x A d e s c r i b e s the m e t h o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m and p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n on the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . T a b le s A - 1 through A - 6 provide estim ates o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y o r h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t i o n s c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y of m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g i n d u s t r ie s . O ccupa tio n s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m the f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l , (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l , A p p e n d i x B p r o v i d e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y occupation. 2 A. E a rn in g s T a b le A-1. W e e k ly earn in g s o f o ffic e w o r k e r s in Fresno, C a lif ., Ju n e 1976 N um ber of w ork ers Number of workers Occupation and industry division S $ Average weekly hours1 (standard 95 90 N W Median ^ Middle ranged $ $ $ 100 105 $ $ 110 115 3 120 r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— S $ 130 140 S ISO 5 s $ 160 170 180 s S 5 190 200 210 1 -------- 1 -------- 1 S 220 230 240 250 and unde r 260 and 100 105 - - - - . 130 140 150 160 170 180 19q 200 210 220 14 95 22 11 11 36 15 21 13 10 3 40 18 22 47 38 9 - 17 10 7 - 28 10 18 8 13 6 7 - 20 15 5 - 8 1 7 2 9 5 4 1 6 4 2 2 10 3 7 18 le - 6 4 2 5 5 - 3 3 - 11 9 2 2 2 5 5 - 1= 7 b - 6 3 3 - 14 8 1 7 - 1 14 6 6 1 5 2 5 3 2 8 5 3 3 3 - - - - 2 2 - - 1 - 115 120 - - - - - 14 - . - - 110. 230 240 250 260 over 3 3 2 11 2 9 *9 • - 1 1 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 2 3 3 - - - 4 4 - - 1 1 - 1 1 ALU W O R K E R S $ S E C R E T A R I E S ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 287 145 142 26 $ $ 39 .5 18 0. 00 17 2.50 40 .0 1 7 9 . 5C 1 7 3 . 0C 39.5 18 1. 00 169.50 40 . 0 2 4 2 . 0 0 24 2 . 0 0 $ ■ 151.00-199.00 162.00-195.50 143.0C-203.00 195.50-302.00 - 2 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------- ---------- ---N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 73 47 26 39 .5 40 . 0 39.0 18 7. 50 19 3. 00 17 7. 50 17 8. 50 185.50 16 7.00 167.00-212.30 173.00-212.30 138.00-204.00 . - - S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S C --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------- -------- 91 24 67 17 40.0 18 7.50 40 . 0 18 0. 50 40 .0 19 0.00 40 . 0 2 2 4 . 0 0 18 2. 00 17 2.50 19 1. 00 220.00 162.50-208.50 159.00-186.30 166.00-210.00 195.50.-246.a0 - - S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S 0 --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 114 68 46 39 .5 40.0 39.0 16 8.00 16 8.50 16 7.50 16 1. 00 16 5. 50 15 2.00 143.00-174.00 144.50-176.30 139.00-168.00 - . - - - S T E N O G R A P H E R S , G E N E R A L --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 26 25 39.0 39.0 13 8.50 13 7.50 12 3. 00 12 3. 00 123.00-145.00 123.00-139.00 - . _ - - “ 2 2 S T E N O G R A P H E R S . S E N I O R ---------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 45 41 39 . 5 39 .5 16 3. 50 16 1. 00 15 8. 50 15 4. 00 133.00-182.00 1 3 3 . 0 0 - 1 7 3 . 3u _ * - 6 2 2 - - 6 2 2 “ 7 7 - - - - . - _ - - * * - - 3 3 * 2 2 “ 8 8 - * 9 3 6 2 - _ - - 5 - - - 5 18 11 7 26 15 11 6 3 3 18 9 9 14 13 1 10 10 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 - _ - 3 3 - 1 1 14 14 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 J 2 1 6 4 1 - - - - - 2 2 - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 2 2 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 26 39 .5 139.50 12 9.00 126.50-150.00 - - - - - 3 12 4 - 2 2 1 109 105 38 .5 38 .5 1 2 1 . 5C 12 0. 50 11 6. 00 11 5.00 111.50-125.00 111.50-125.00 _ 3 3 10 10 11 11 14 14 19 19 29 29 6 6 10 6 6 6 . - - - - - , c l a s s b ----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 29 29 38 .5 38 . 5 12 7.00 12 7.00 11 2. 50 11 2. 50 110.00-135.00 110.00-135.00 • 1 1 - 15 15 _ . • _ _ _ - * 6 6 - “ 4 4 * * - - - - S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R S ---------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------ 35 29 39 .5 39 .5 14 3.50 13 7. 50 136.00 13 6. 00 122.00-161.00 122.00-136.00 2 2 - - 13 13 - • 6 6 - - 3 - 6 6 - - - - - SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 28 39.0 13 9.50 13 0. 00 1 2 7 . 5 0 - 1 5 2 . UO - - 11 7 - 5 3 1 - - 1 - - A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S , C L A S S A --------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 127 65 62 39 .5 39 .5 39 .5 16 1. 00 17 6. 50 14 5. 00 15 0.00 16 5. 00 13 8. 00 138.00-176.30 150.00-196.00 132.50-150.00 - - 7 7 33 7 26 19 5 14 15 11 4 19 12 7 - 2 3 3 15 15 2 2 c - 5 3 2 1 1 - - A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S B --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 172 30 142 40 .0 40.0 40 .0 13 2.00 13 4. 50 13 2. 00 132.50 14 5.00 13 2. 50 115.00-145.00 1 2 6 . 5 0 - 1 4 7 . uO 115.00-145.00 - - 40 10 30 12 7 5 6 6 - 28 6 22 28 - 14 7 7 6 6 P A Y R O L L C L E R K S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 42 34 40 .0 40 . 0 14 3. 50 14 4. 00 14 0. 00 14 3.00 122.00-153.00 130.50-152.30 . . - 5 7 7 5 3 _ - 9 8 5 - 5 5 K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S A -------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 54 15 5.50 15 3. 50 14 9.30 14 9.50 139.50-163.30 138.00-162.30 . • - - - 14 14 16 12 3 44 40.0 40.0 * 146 21 40.0 13 8. 50 12 9. 00 14 5. 00 13 0. 00 130.00-145.00 121.00-139.00 . . 13 15 9 90 3 1 1 clerks K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S B -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- * 40.0 - - - * 1 1 - - - - - - _ - • - - - 12 2 24 - - - 12 2 24 - 4 - 3 3 - - - - * 5 1 - - 1 1 4 12 2 4 - 28 * _ " 1 1 - - _ - 3 _ _ - - - - 3 3 12 12 - 9 6 • i 1 1 • - - - - - - - - - 1 - 5 5 - - _ - - - - - - - 1 2 1 - - - - • - • - - - - • - _ - * ' * W ork ers w ere See fo o tn o te s d is tr ib u te d a t en d of as fo llo w s : I at $260 to $280; 7 at $300 to $310; and 1 at $330 to t a b le s . 3 $340. 4 - - C L A S S A ---------------------- file 1 1 2 2 T Y P I S T S , C L A S S B ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ TYPISTS, - T a b le A - 2 . W e e k ly e a rn in g s o f p ro fessio n al and te c h n ic a l w o rk e rs in F resno, C a lif., J u n e 1976 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) Occupation an d industry division N um ber of w ork ers 5 $ A verage w eek ly h ours1 (standard) Number of workers 140 M ean 2 M edian 2 M id d le range * 160 170 180 190 200 210 $ 220 $ 230 240 250 260 $ 270 $ 280 $ 290 $ 300 310 320 340 360 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 27o 280 290 300 310 320 340 360 380 $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ S i S and under 150 ALL S r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— 150 S WORKERS $ $ $ $ 279.00-292.50 S e e fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le s . T a b le A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e arn in g s o f o ffice, professional, and te c h n ic a l w o rk e rs , by sex, in Fresno, C a lif ., J u n e 1976 A verage (m e a n 2 ) A vera ge (m e a n 2 ) S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers W eek ly heurs 1 (standard) W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) OFFICE OC CU PA TI ON S - WOMEN jl LKl I AK 11 j ” ” $ fcw* ” **' * 145 141 25 . „ Tr, 72 nMINUt A L 1 UN 1 vj 91 MMlNUr Av< 1 UK i Wo 1 AK 1 L j f * v L Ajj H A r llJ r A C 1 UK 1 W o nonmanufacturing 26 See fo o tn o te s at 39 .5 40 .0 end 39.5 39 . 5 an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n W -e k ly hours 1 (standard) W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) ^31.50 13 4. 50 13 1. 00 16 3.50 161.00! 26 143.50 1*4.00 12 2. 00 38 . 5 18 7. 50 18 0. 50 40 . 0 19 0. 00 4 0 . C 224.00 155.50 15 3. 50 44 122.50 28 0.0 143.50 29 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 16 7 . 5 0 39.0 39.0 S e x , 3 o c c u p a tio n , OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED 40 .0 39.0 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) A verage (m ea n 2 ) Number of workers 40 .0 W eek ly hours 1 (standard) 18 6. 00 19 3. 00 17 2. 50 16 8. 00 46 a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n 4 0 . 0 179.50 39 .5 180.00 40 .0 239.50[ U "" ------------------ S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , Number of w orken 138.50! 137.501 28 1 3 9 . 5C P R OF ES SI ON AL AND TECHNICAL O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N 119 39 o f t a b le s . 4 29 8 . 0 0 T a b le A - 4 . H o u rly e a rn in g s o f m a in te n a n c e , to o lro o m , and p o w e rp la n t w o rk e rs in Fresno, C a lif., J u n e 1976 Number of w o r k e r s receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Hourly earnings 4 "1 Number $ S .lQ Occupation and industry d iv isio n Undei M edian 2 $ 5 .1 0 an d under 5 .2 0 S 5 .2 0 5 .3 0 _ _ $ $ I $ 5 5 5 .4 0 5 5 .5 0 5 .6 0 5 .7 0 5 . bo 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 _ _ _ S 1 $ 1 I i $ I $ 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .4 0 7 .6 0 7 .8 0 8 .0 0 ’ 5 5 s 8 .4 0 8 .2 0 8 .6 0 _ 5 .3 0 5 .4 0 5 .5 0 5 .6 0 5 .7 0 5 .8 0 - - * “ - - 8 8 . " 1 1 - 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 Q 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .6 0 7 .8 0 8 .0 0 8 .2 0 8 .4 Q 8 .6 0 ove r 10 - 7 .4 Q * - * ~ * 1 1 - - - 21 * - * - - ~ 1 1 - ALL W O R K E R S C A R P E N T E R S -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 37 25 $ 6.79 6. 57 $ 7. 03 7. 0 3 $ $ 6 . 3 8 - 7. 44 6 . 3 8 - 7.03 2 2 < ♦ M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 60 36 7. 26 6. 5 4 7. 0 3 7. 0 3 6 . 8 8 - 8. 55 5 . 2 8 - 7.03 2 2 * M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 100 82 7. 09 6. 84 7. 09 6. 8 8 6 . 4 7 - 7. 15 6 . 4 7 - 7.15 M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N I C S (MACHI NE RY ) m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------- 228 225 6.11 6. 10 6. 3 2 6. 3 2 5 . 3 0 - 7.03 5 . 3 0 - 7.03 14 14 (MOTOR V E H I C L E S ) -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------- 108 57 51 43 6. 6 6 6. 2 6 7.10 7.22 6. 4 7 6.20 7. 69 7. 78 6 . 2 0 - 7.69 6 . 2 0 - 6. 25 6 . 7 6 - 7.78 6 . 9 2 - 7.88 4 4 4 M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R S ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 50 50 5.40 5. 40 5.49 5. 4 9 5 . 4 9 - 5. 88 5 . 4 9 - 5. 88 *9 9 S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S --------------- 34 6. 1 6 6. 3 6 6 . 0 0 “ 6. 36 3 maintenance maintenance * mechanics W o r k e r s w ere d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 20 20 _ • - * _ * 1 1 - - 56 56 1 1 ” 8 8 _ _ - - - - - 21 21 - 3 at $ 3 . 7 0 to $ 3 . 8 0 ; and 6 at $ 3 .9 0 to $ 4 . 5 - - 2 2 - _ - 3 2 See footn otes at end of ta b les. - - “ 1 1 - 5 3 * - ” 15 15 * 3 3 * 1 - 2 “ 15 15 6 6 18 18 - * 19 19 4 4 - 39 39 - 30 27 22 22 - ” 48 48 _ 37 37 - 10 3 7 2 2 2 '•i 6 6 - - 9 8 1 * 9 - - - * 25 25 - - _ - - - 16 16 16 “ _ - - * “ 2 2 . _ - • “ . 18 * * * - - - - - - * 12 12 12 _ _ - - * 18 18 1 1 4 15 3 3 " - * - * - 1 * * T a b le A - 5 . H o u rly e a rn in g s o f m a te ria l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l w o rk e rs in Fresno, C a lif., Ju n e 1976 Hourly earnings 4 N u m ber of w o r k e r s r ec eiv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e hourly ea rn in g s of -- S S S 3 $ 2. 60 2.70 2. 8 0 2 .90 3.00 Number Occupation and industry division workers M ean 2 M e d ian 2 M iddle range 2 Under 2 60 $ $ $ 3. 20 3.40 3.60 $ S 3.80 4. 00 S $ 4. 20 4. 40 5 S 4. 60 4. 80 $ 5.00 $ % S 5 S T" ■$--5. 40 5. 80 6.20 6. 60 7.00 7. 40 7.80 and. under 2.70 2.80 2. 90 3. 80 4. 0 0 4. 20 4. 40 4. 60 : .00 3.20 3.40 3.60 16 2 14 * - - 4 1 3 “ - . - _ _ - 4. 80 7. 00 7i40 7. 80 8.20 5. 00 5.40 5.80 6.20 6.60 13 13 10 25 25 2 26 24 2 2 58 14 44 - 6 6 * 6 6 6 * 8 8 - 21 21 2 2 . 6 6 * _ 8 * 4 4 24 * 36 36 . 6 6 - - * 10 10 6 - - - - ALL W O R K E R S T R U C K D R I V E R S ----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G * ---------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------- 201 50 151 25 $ 5.40 6. 17 5. 15 5.61 $ 5. 8 6 5.86 5. 43 5. 00 $ 4.635.864.035.00- $ 6. 50 6. 30 6. 50 5. 9 3 TRUCKDRIVERS* MEDIUM TRUCK N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 55 47 5. 7 2 5.32 5. 4 3 5. 4 3 4.75- 6.44 4 . 7 5 - 5. 4 3 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (TRAILER) ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 67 62 5. 6 5 5. 5 8 5.86 6.50 S H I P P I N G AN D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S - 52 5. 0 6 5.41 4 . 1 8 - 6. 00 98 4.65 4. 60 4.57- 4.78 - - 5 . 8 6 - 6. 50 3 . 6 6 - 6. 5 0 WAREHOUSEMENS M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 4 4 * M A T E R I A L H A N D L I N G L A B O R E R S ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G --- ---------- 241 117 3.91 4.95 3.50 4.73 14 - ~ 14 “ * - _ . - - _ * 6 6 - - * * * 12 12 “ - - - - - 4 - - - - 12 2 - - - 1 - - - 1 1 2.65- 4.73 4 . 5 8 - 5. 5 8 16 * 81 1 21 7 161 4. 9 2 4.84 5. 0 8 4. 5 8 4 . 1 6 - 5. 0 8 4 . 1 6 - 5. 81 J A N I T O R S * P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 401 173 3.75 4. 2 6 3.50 4.57 3.35- 4.57 3.82- 4.57 14 6 6 1 1 - 4 - - “ F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 8 - - * 8 8 3 8 4 16 9 - 27 See footnotes at end of tables. 6 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 * - 101 3 - 42 3 7 7 1 1 7 7 2 2 31 16 28 24 10 i v • * 9 9 * 3 3 _ _ 1 _ 4 4 “ _ * 6 6 * - - - o 1 1 7 20 41 11 7 3 - lo - - * * 39 36 18 18 53 53 - - - * 73 33 . 6 2 10 9 9 6 5 16 16 100 91 1 lo ” 4 3 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - * 34 28 39 27 14 14 - - ” . - - “ - ~ 1 1 - - - - T a b le A - 6 . A v e ra g e hourly e a rn in g s o f m a in te n a n c e , to o lro o m , p o w e rp la n t, m a te ria l m o v e m e n t, and c u s to d ia l w o rk e rs . by sex, in F resno, C a lif., J u n e 19 7 6 S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers A vera ge (m e a n 2 ) hourly earnings4 S e x , 3 o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers A vera ge (m ea n *) hourly 4 earnings M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AN D C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N m a i n t e n a n c e , T O O L R O O M , AND PO WERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN $ I KUVrfiNUK X $ 5. 40 — CJ . -» J t -w 1J JU 47 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY TRUCK 22 5 maintenance mechanics ar 1 X A* 5. 0 6 itu wu X V 1 10Q 57 98 n A i i i 1 tn lA N v > - 1K " U t . J n L L r LK i 5. 01 — r 1r i JANITORS* See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le s . 7 u* l k a i u h j PORTERS* h® ® AN D C L E A N E R S “ -------- 387 3. 7 6 T a b le A -7 . P e rc e n t increases in a v e ra g e hourly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l groups, ad ju sted fo r e m p lo y m e n t s h ifts , in Fresn o , C a lif., J u n e 1 9 7 5 to J u n e 1 9 7 6 J u n e 1975 to J u n e 1976 In d u s try and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p (m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b in e d ) A ll in d u s t r ie s : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ______ __________________ __________________ E l e c t r o n i c d a t a p r o c e s s i n g ____________________________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ________________________________________ S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * ________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s * * ____________________________ 7 .8 * * 1 0 .1 8 .4 M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ____________ ______________________________ E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g ___________________ __ __ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s __________________________ ____________ S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * ________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s * * ____________________________ * * * 1 0 .4 8 .2 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g __ _______________________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ________ __ __ _________________ S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * ________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s * * ____________________________ * ** D a ta d o P ercen t 7 .1 * * * * n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . i n c r e a s e s f o r p e r i o d s e n d in g p r i o r to 1976 r e la te to m en o n ly . Footnotes 1 to S ta n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a t r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d w e e k ly h o u rs . T h e m e a n i s c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a li n g th e e a r n in g s o f a l l w o r k e r s a n d d iv i d i n g b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n d e s ig n a t e s p o s it io n — h a lf o f th e e m p lo y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e iv e m o r e h a lf r e c e i v e l e s s th a n th e r a t e s h o w n . T h e m id d le r a n g e i s d e f in e d b y 2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a f o u r t h o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s th a n t h e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s a n d a f o u r t h e a r n m o r e th a n th e h ig h e r r a t e . E a r n in g s d a ta r e la t e o n ly to w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x id e n t ific a t io n w a s p r o v id e d b y th e e s t a b lis h m e n t . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o li d a y s , a n d la t e s h if t s . th ese 2 and 3 4 8 Appendix A A r e a w a g e and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s d a t a a r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . 1 In e a c h o f th e i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n o n e m p l o y m e n t and o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s i s c o l l e c t e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and t e l e p h o n e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w ith in the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h da ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a ta . Sepa r a t e m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n i n g s data a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d w hen the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s n o t i d e n t i f i e d b y s e x i s 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m e n o r w o m e n i d e n t i f i e d in an o c c u p a t i o n . E a r n i n g s da ta n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y f o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e i n c l u d e d in data f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . L ik ew ise, d a t a a r e i n c l u d e d in the o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f e l e c t r o n i c s t e c h n i c i a n s , s e c r e t a r i e s , o r t r u c k d r i v e r s i s not s h o w n o r i n f o r m a tio n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a ila b le . In e a c h o f th e 84 2 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , data a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M anufac t u r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jor i n d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d i e s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r ib e d n um ber of w o r k e r s are om itted b e ca u s e o f in su fficien t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d . S ep arate tabu lation s are p r o v id e d f o r each o f th e b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h i c h m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s data a r e s ho w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ire d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s ch e d u le . E a r n i n g s data e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b o n u s e s a r e i n c l u d e d . W e e k l y h o u r s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s r e f e r to th e s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p rem iu m rates). A v e r a g e w e e k ly earn ings fo r these occu pa tion s are rounded to th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u c te d on a s a m p le b a s i s . The sa m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e t a i l e d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y i n d u s t r y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m t h is s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e i s s e l e c t e d , w ith e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t h a v in g a p r e d e t e r m i n e d c h a n c e o f s e l e c t i o n . T o o b t a in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th an s m a l l e s t a b lish m en ts is selected. W h e n da ta a r e c o m b i n e d , e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g t o it s p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n , so that u n b i a s e d e s t i m a t e s are generated. F o r e x a m p l e , i f on e out o f f o u r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s e l e c t e d , it i s g i v e n a w e i g h t o f f o u r t o r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f p l u s t h r e e o t h e r s . An alternate o f th e s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y i s c h o s e n in the s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i f da t a a r e not a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p l e m e m b e r . If no s u i t a b l e s u b s t i t u t e i s a v a i l a b l e , a d d i t i o n a l w e i g h t i s a s s i g n e d to a s a m p l e m e m b e r th at i s s i m i l a r t o th e m i s s i n g unit. T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in divid u al occu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t im e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s . The a v e r a g e s for in d ivid u a l jo b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r exa m ple, p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by h igh- o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e t o b e t t e r j o b s and b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h if t s in e m p l o y m e n t c o u l d d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e e v e n t h o u g h m o s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r i n g th e y e a r . C h a n g e s in e a r n i n g s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in t a b l e A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s than a r e e a r n i n g s c h a n g e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l j o b s w ith in the g r o u p s . O c c u p a t i o n s and e a r n i n g s O c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu dy a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w i n g t y p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l . O ccupational c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t ie s w ith in the s a m e j o b . O ccu p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu dy a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d i x B . U n less o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d , the e a r n i n g s da t a f o l l o w i n g th e j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r a l l in d u stries com bin ed. E a r n i n g s data f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and A v e r a g e earn ings r e f le c t c o m p o s ite , a rea w ide e s tim a te s . In dustries and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and j o b s t a f fin g , and th u s c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y t o th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y fa i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l a m o n g j o b s in i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s h o u ld n o t b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f the s e x e s w ith in i n d i v i d u a l establish m en ts. F a c t o r s w h i c h m a y c o n t r i b u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s i n c l u d e p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s ( o n l y th e r a t e s p a id i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u t i e s w ith in th e g e n e r a l s u r v e y j o b descriptions. J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a l l y a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th an t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p erform ed . 1 Personal visits were on a 2-year cy cle before July 1972. 2 Included in the 84 areas are 14 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Austin, T ex .; Binghamton, N .Y . — a .; Birmingham, A la .; Fort Lauderdale— P Hollywood and West Palm Beach— Boca Raton, Fla.; Lexington— Fayette, K y .; Melbourne—Titusville—Cocoa, F la.; Norfolk— Virginia Beach-Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va. -N . C .; Poughkeepsie-Kingston-Newbuigh, N .Y .; Raleigh— Durham, N. C .; Stamford, Conn.; Syracuse, N. Y . ; Utica—Rome, N .Y .; and Westchester County, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 70 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department o f Labor. 9 O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in t h e s c o p e o f the s tu d y and n o t th e n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . B e ca u se occu p a tio n a l stru ctu re s am ong e sta b lish m en ts d iffe r, es tim a te s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m th e s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n l y t o i n d i c a t e th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s t u d ie d . These d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n i n g s d a t a . Wage tren d s fo r s e le cte d o ccu p a tion a l grou ps T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e A - 7 a r e b a s e d o n c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e p o r t i n g th e t r e n d j o b s in b o t h th e c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r ( m a t c h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t s on a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f e m p l o y m e n t s h if t s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n c l u d e d in s u r v e y sam p les. The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r, a re still a ffected by fa c to r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t i o n w h e n w o r k e r s a r e p a i d u n d e r p la n s p r o v id in g a ran ge o f w age ra te s f o r in d ivid u al j o b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d hiring, fo r e x a m p le , new e m p lo y e e s e n t e r at th e b o t t o m o f th e r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g th e a v e r a g e w it h o u t a c h a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . E l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ( m e n and w o m e n ) : S k illed m a in te n a n c e (m en and w o m e n ) : C om puter system s an a lysts, c la s s e s A , B , and C Com puter p r o g ra m m e rs , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C om puter op e ra to rs, c l a s s e s A , B , and C C arpenters E lectricia n s P ain ters M a ch in ists M e ch a n ics (m a ch in ery ) M e ch a n ics (m o to r veh icle) P ip efitters T o o l and d ie m a k e r s I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ( m e n and w om en ): R e g is t e r e d in du strial nurses P e r c e n t c h a n g e s f o r indiv: as f o llo w s : U n s k i l l e d pla n t ( m e n and 1 2 3 w om en ): J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and clea n ers M a t e r i a l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m are com pu ted O ccu p a tio n s u se d to co m p u te w a g e tr e n d s a r e : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n ): O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n )---- C o n t in u e d S ecreta ries Stenographers, general S ten ograp h ers, sen ior T y p i s t s , c l a s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A, B , and C M essengers S w itchboard o p e r a t o r s O rder clerk s A ccou ntin g c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B ook k eepin g-m ach in e operators, cla ss B P a yroll clerk s K eypunch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B T a b u la t in g - m a c hine o p era tors, cla ss B E a c h o c c u p a t i o n i s a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d on i t s p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p in the base year. 2. T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e l a t e t o w a g e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n th e i n d i c a t e d dates. W h e n th e t i m e s p a n b e t w e e n s u r v e y s i s o t h e r than 12 m o n t h s , a nn ua l r a te s a r e shown. (It i s a s s u m e d th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a c o n s t a n t r a t e betw een s u rv e y s .) 1. T h e s e w eig h ts a r e u sed to com p u te g rou p a v e r a g e s . E a ch o c c u p a t io n 's a v e ra g e (m ean) e a rn in g s is m u ltip lie d b y its w eigh t. T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a l e d t o o b t a in a group a vera ge. 3. The ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t iv e y e a r s is c o m p u t e d b y d i v i d i n g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y th e a v e r a g e f o r th e e a r l i e r y e a r . The result— e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 i s th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e . F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d t o c o m p u t e t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e "I m p r o v in g A r e a W age S u rv e y I n d e x e s , " M onthly L a b o r R e v i e w , J anu ary 1973, pp. 5 2 -5 7 . E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T a b u l a t i o n s on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in t h i s b u ll e t in . In for m a t i o n f o r t h e s e t a b u l a t i o n s i s c o l l e c t e d at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . 1 T h e s e t a b u l a t i o n s on m i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s ; p a i d h o l i d a y s ; pa id v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) in p r e v i o u s b u l l e t i n s f o r t h i s a r e a . * Personal visits were on a 2-year cycle before July 1972. S c o p e ta b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o rk e rs w ith in scope of survey and n u m b e r studied in Fresno, C a lif .,1 J u n e 1976 In d u stry d iv is io n 2 M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y ---------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------TRANSPORTATION, c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h f r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 -----------------------W H O L E S A L E T R A D E 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------r e t a i l t r a d e 6 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e 6 -----------------s e r v i c e s 6 7------------------------------------------- W it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y 4 W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y S tu d ie d S tu d ie d N um ber P ercen t 296 ALL D I V I S I O N S ----------------------------------manufacturing W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s 50 - 50 50 50 50 50 82 40,245 100 18 ,1 81 81 215 23 59 15,561 24,684 39 61 6,355 11 , 8 2 6 23 38 88 27 39 10 a 19 8 14 4,859 3,435 9,015 3,553 3,822 12 9 22 9 9 3,793 86 9 3, 3 5 4 1, 77 5 2,035 1 T h e F r e s n o S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y t h e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 19*74, c o n s i s t s o f F r e s n o C o u n t y . The " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in th e su rvey. E s t im a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a n d ( 2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . T h e 19 6 7 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . I n c lu d e s a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t a t o r a b o v e th e m in i m u m l i m it a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s (w it h in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , a u to r e p a ir s e r v i c e , an d m o tio n p ic t u r e t h e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . I n c lu d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t (w it h in th e a r e a ) a t o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . A b b r e v i a t e d t o " p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s " in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . T a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d . T h is d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta is n o t m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f th e fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t i s t o o s m a ll to p r o v id e e n o u g h d a ta to m e r i t s e p a r a t e s tu d y , (2 ) th e s a m p l e w a s n o t d e s ig n e d in i t ia ll y t o p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f ic i e n t o r in a d e q u a t e t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a n d (4 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta . 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hotels and motels; laundries and other personal services; business services; automobile repair, rental, organizations (excluding religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural services. 11 and parking; mo ti on pictures; nonprofit m e m b e r s h i p Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s i s t o a s s i s t it s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to. e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to area. T h i s p e r m i t s th e g r o u p i n g o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c o n t e n t . B e c a u s e o f t h is e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y q f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , the B u r e a u ' s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d fo r other p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to e x c l u d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; and h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y— C o n t in u e d A s s i g n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to o n e i n d i v i d u a l . M ain t a i n s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f the sup ervisor. W ork s f a i r ly in depen den tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f deta iled s u p e r v i s i o n and g u i d a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l d u t i e s , u s u a lly in c lu d in g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; M a y a l s o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l t a s k s o f c o m p a r a b l e n a t u r e and d i f f i c u l t y . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w l e d g e o f o f f i c e r o u t in e and u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f th e o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to t h e w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . E x clu sion s a . R e c e i v e s t e l e p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and i n c o m i n g m a i l , a n s w e r s r o u t i n e i n q u i r i e s , and r o u t e s t e c h n i c a l i n q u i r i e s to the p r o p e r persons; b. c. in stru cted ; d. E stablish es, and r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r ' s M a in t a in s the s u p e r v i s o r ' s R elays m e s s a g e s e. o t h e r s f o r the accuracy; f. m a in tain s, from c a l e n d a r and m a k e s s u p e r v i s o r to Not a l l p o s i t i o n s that a r e t i t l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a cteristics. E x a m p l e s o f p o s i t i o n s w h i c h a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e d e f i n i t i o n a r e as follow s: files; a. P o s it io n s d e scrib e d above; a p p o i n t m e n t s as b. subord inates; R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d u m s , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y sion a l, s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ig n a t u r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g r a p h i c P erform s w hich do n ot m eet the "p erson a l" secretary concept S t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e d u t i e s ; c . S te n o g r a p h e rs s e r v in g as o f fic e techn ical, or m a n a g eria l p e r so n s; a s s i s t a n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o f e s d . S e c r e t a r y p o s i t i o n s in w h i c h th e d u t i e s a r e e i t h e r s u b s t a n t i a l l y m o r e r o u t i n e o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y m o r e c o m p l e x and r e s p o n s i b l e than t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in th e d e f i n i t i o n ; s t e n o g r a p h i c and tyj • lg w o r k . B e g i n n i n g w ith c a l e n d a r y e a r 1976 s u r v e y s , the B u r e a u h a s g r o u p e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d in it s a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s in to j o b f a m i l i e s in o r d e r t o p r e s e n t i n f o r m a t i o n on r e l a t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in s e q u e n c e . J o b f a m i l i e s h a v e n o t b e e n t i t l e d , h o w e v e r , s i n c e d o i n g s o m i g h t h a v e a d d e d e x t r a n e o u s e l e m e n t s t o the jo b m atching p r o c e s s . T h e B u r e a u has a l s o r e v i s e d s e v e r a l o c c u p a t i o n a l t i t l e s . w o r d o r d e r and a r e m o r e d e s c r i p t i v e o f th e s u r v e y j o b s . 13 The title s m o r e n e a r ly r e f l e c t usual S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d E x c l u s io n s — C o n t i n u e d C la ss C e. A s s is ta n t-ty p e p o s itio n s w hich resp on sib le tech n ical, adm inistrative, s u p e rv iso ry , d u ties w hich a re not t y p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . in v olv e m o r e difficu lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e t a r y t o an e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n or specialized c le r ic a l s i b i l i t y i s n ot e q u i v a l e n t t o o n e o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l s i t u a t i o n s in the d e f i n i t i o n f o r c l a s s B , but w h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s at l e a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p l o y e e s and i s u s u a l l y d i v i d e d in t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t s w h i c h a r e o f t e n , in t u r n , f u r t h e r s u b d i v i d e d . In s o m e c o m p a n i e s , t h is l e v e l i n c l u d e s a N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in th e l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s w i d e r a n g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e l o n s ; in o t h e r s , o n l y o n e o r t w o ; o r f o l l o w i n g , r e f e r s t o t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w h o h av e a s i g n i f i c a n t c o r p o r a t e w i d e p o l i c y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . The title " v ic e 2 . S e c r e t a r y t o the h e a d o f an i n d i v i d u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r p r e s i d e n t , " th o u g h n o r m a l l y i n d i c a t i v e o f t h is r o l e , d o e s n o t in a l l c a s e s o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th an 5, 000 iden tify such p o s it io n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s to persons. a c t p e r s o n a l l y on i n d i v i d u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t i o n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r d e n y i n d i v i d u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m i n i s t e r i n d i v i d u a l t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y C lass D s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s ta f f) a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d to b e " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r 1. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d o f a s m a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s . ( e . g . , f e w e r than a b o u t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; mr C lass A 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y s t a f f s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in istra tiv e o f f i c e r , o r a s sista n t, sk illed techn ician, o r ex p ert. (N O TE : M a n y c o m p a n i e s a s s i g n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r th an s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , to t h is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r . ) STENOGRAPHER 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th an th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r th an 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s i d i a r y o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 25 ,00 0 p e r so n s . C la ss B P r i m a r y d u ty i s to ta k e d i c t a t i o n u s i n g s h o r t h a n d , and to t r a n s c r i b e the d icta tio n . M ay a ls o type f r o m w ritte n c o p y . M ay operate fro m a steno graphic p ool. M ay o c c a s io n a l ly tr a n s c r ib e f r o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y du ty i s t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , see T r a n s c rib in g -M a ch in e T ypist). N O T E : T h i s j o b i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m th at o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n f i d e n t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith o n l y on e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y t a s k s as d e s c r i b e d in th e s e c r e t a r y j o b d e f i n i t i o n . 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th an 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th an th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r th an 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r eith e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a tio n w id e fun ction al a ctivity ( e .g ., m a rk e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u stria l re la tio n s , e tc.) o r a m a jo r ge o g r a p h ic o r o rg a n iza tio n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 but f e w e r than 2 5 , 0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ; o r 4 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f an i n d i v i d u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f a l a r g e and i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t o f t e n i n v o l v i n g a s m a n y as s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s . Stenographer, G eneral keep D ictation in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y . M ay m ain tain file s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m oth gr r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta sk s. S ten og rap h er, Sen ior D i c t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u ch a s in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a l s o s e t up and m aintain f ile s , k eep r e c o r d s , etc. OR P e r f o r m s ste n o g r a p h ic d u ties r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l as e v i d e n c e d b y the follow in g: W o r k r e q u i r e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h i c s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a t h o r o u g h w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w ork flow , etc. U s e s t h is k n o w l e d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h i c d u t i e s and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l ta sk s such as m ain tain in g fo llo w u p file s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g and r o u t i n g i n c o m i n g m a i l ; and a n s w e r i n g rou tin e q u e s t io n s , e tc . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R P r i m a r y duty is to t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t i o n i n v o l v i n g a' n o r m a l r o u t in e voca b u la ry from tra n scrib in g-m a ch in e r e co rd s . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y and d o s i m p l e c l e r i c a l w o r k . W o r k e r s t r a n s c r ib in g dictation in volvin g a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as . lega l b r ie f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e not i n c l u d e d . A w o r k e r w ho t a k e s d i c t a t i o n in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h i n e i s c l a s s i f i e d as a s t e n o g r a p h e r . O p e r a t e s a t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u s e d with a p r i v a t e b r a n c h e x c h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to relay incoming, outgoing, and i n t r a s y s t e m ca lls. M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a l l s p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s operatin g a telephone s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a l s o ty p e o r p e r f o r m ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty p in g o r r o u t i n e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y the m a j o r p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and i s u s u a l l y p e r f o r m e d w h i le at th e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C hief o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e th an o n e o p e r a t o r a r e exclu ded . F o r an o p e r a t o r w h o a l s o a c t s as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p era tor-R ecep tion ist. T YP I S T U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s o r to m a k e ou t b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a t i o n s h av e b e e n m a d e by a n o t h e r p e r s o n . May in clu d e t y p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p l i c a t i n g p r o cesses. M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k i n v o l v i n g lit tle s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g , s u c h as k e e p i n g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d i s t r i b u t i n g in com in g m ail. C lass A . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : T y p i n g m a t e r i a l in f i n a l f o r m w h e n it i n v o l v e s c o m b i n i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u s u a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; o r p la n n in g la y o u t and t y p in g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s to m a i n t a i n u n i f o r m i t y and b a l a n c e in s p a c i n g . M a y ty p e r o u t in e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y i n g d e t a i l s to suit c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C la ss rough o r c l e a r o r s e tt in g up a l r e a d y s e t up B. P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m d r a f t s ; o r r o u t in e ty p in g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; s im p le standard ta b u la tion s; o r co p y in g m o r e c o m p l e x ta b le s and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . FIL E CLE R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s t a b l i s h e d f ilin g system . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n f i l e s . P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on the b a s i s o f th e f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s . C l a s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and i n d e x e s f i l e m a t e r i a l s u c h as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b l i s h e d , f i l i n g s y s t e m containing a num ber o f va ried s u b ject m a tter file s . M a y a l s o f i l e th is m a teria l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s t y p e s in c o n j u n c t i o n w ith the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a l l g r o u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . C l a s s B. S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by s i m p l e (su b je c t m a t te r ) headings o r partly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r ia l by fin e r subh eadin gs. P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d i n d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a i d s . A s requested, l o c a t e s c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . May p erform r e l a t e d c l e r i c a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d t o m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . C la s s C. P e r f o r m s r o u t in e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that h as a l r e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h i c h i s e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system (e .g ., a lph abetical, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). As requested, l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l ; and m a y f i l l ou t w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . MESSENGER P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s r o u t in e d u t i e s s u c h a s ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h i n e s s uch as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g and d i s t r i b u t i n g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c l u d e p o s i t i o n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a t i o n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e a s a s i g n i f i c a n t du ty . SW ITCH BO ARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a t o r — w ork in volves b u s i n e s s and priate p e rso n a r r a n g i n g an s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c t s both as s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and a s a r e c e p t i o n i s t . R e c e p t i o n i s t ' s s u c h d u t ie s a s g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g n a t u r e o f v i s i t o r ' s p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r c o n t a c t i n g that p e r s o n by t e l e p h o n e and appointm ent; k eep in g a log o f v is it o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e i v e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e by m a i l , phone, o r p e r so n a lly . D u t ie s i n v o l v e any c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : Q u o t in g p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m a k i n g ou t an o r d e r s h e e t lis t i n g the i t e m s to m a k e up t h e o r d e r ; c h e c k i n g p r i c e s and q u a n t it ie s o f i t e m s on o r d e r s h e e t ; and d i s t r i b u t i n g o r d e r s h e e t s to r e s p e c t i v e d e p a r t m e n t s to be f i l l e d . May c h e c k w ith c r e d i t d e p a r t m e n t to d e t e r m i n e c r e d i t ra ti n g o f c u s t o m e r , a c k n o w l e d g e r e c e i p t o f o r d e r s f r o m c u s t o m e r s , f o l l o w up o r d e r s to s e e that th e y h av e b e e n f i l l e d , k e e p f i l e o f o r d e r s r e c e i v e d , and c h e c k s h ip p in g i n v o i c e s w ith o r i g i n a l o r d e r s . ACCOU N TIN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s p o s t i n g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank a c c o u n t s ; v e r i f y i n g the i n t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s i g n i n g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n c o d e s ; e x a m i n i n g and v e r i f y i n g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty pes of r e p o r t s , lis ts , ca lcu la tio n s, posting, e t c . ; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d j o u r n a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i t h e r a m a n u a l o r a u t o m a t e d a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m . T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w l e d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e t h o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h r e l a t e s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f t r a n s a c t i o n s and a c c o u n t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n . With e x p e r i e n c e , the w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith the b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in the a s s i g n e d w o r k , but i s not r e q u i r e d to h av e a k n o w l e d g e o f the f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g . P osition s defin ition s. are cla ssified in to levels on the b a s i s o f the f o l l o w i n g C lass A. U nder g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s accou nting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e the a p p l i c a t i o n o f e x p e r i e n c e and j u d g m e n t , f o r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p lic a te d o r n onrep etitive accounting tr a n s a ction s, s e le c t in g am on g a su bstan tial v a rie ty of p r e s c r i b e d accou nting c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s th ro u g h p r e v i o u s a c c o u n t i n g a c t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M a y b e a s s i s t e d by o n e o r m o r e c l a s s B a ccou nting c l e r k s . A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K — C o n tin u e d KEYPUNCH O PERA TO R C lass B . Under c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d eta iled in s tr u c tio n s and s t a n d a r d i z e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u t i n e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h a s p o s t i n g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s and l o c a t i o n s o f p o s t i n g s a r e c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e d ; c h e c k i n g a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s t a n d a r d i z e d and r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d i n g docu m e n ts using a few p r e s c r i b e d a ccou nting c o d e s . O p e r a t e s a k eypunch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y alphabetic a n d / o r n u m e r i c data on tabulating c a r d s o r on tape. B O O K K E E PIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e (w it h o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a rd ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . C l a s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f the p a r t i c u l a r a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m u s e d . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e b i t and c r e d i t i t e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t s , b a l a n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y h an d. C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c tio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a l l y r e q u i r i n g li t t l e k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s i n c l u d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b l e , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (not in clu d in g a s im p le type o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u nder m a c h in e b i l l e r ) , c o s t d i s trib u tion , e x p e n se d istrib u tio n , in v e n to ry c o n tr o l, etc . May ch e ck o r a s s is t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a l a n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s f o r th e a c c o u n t i n g departm ent. M ACH INE B IL L E R P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s o n a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an ord in a ry or e le ctro m a tic ty p ew riter. M a y a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b i l l i n g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k i n c i d e n t a l to b i l l i n g operation s. F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , as f o llo w s : B illin g-m ach ine b ille r . U ses a s p e c ia l billin g m ach in e (co m b in a tion t y p in g and a d d in g m a c h i n e ) t o p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d u m s , e t c . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d i s c o u n t s and s h ip p in g c h a r g e s and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s i o n s , w h i c h m a y o r m a y not b e c o m p u t e d on th e b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and t o t a l s w h i c h a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d b y m ach in e. The o p e r a tio n u su ally in v o lv e s a la rg e n u m ber o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b i l l b e i n g p r e p a r e d and i s o f t e n d o n e o n a f a n f o l d m a c h i n e . B ook k eep in g-m ach in e b ille r . U s e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e (w it h o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f th e accounts re ce iv a b le op eration. G e n e r a l ly in v o lv e s the sim u lta n e o u s e n try o f f i g u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e s f i g u r e s o n a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o l u m n s and c o m p u t e s and u s u a l l y p r i n t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y the d e b i t o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D oes not in v o lv e a know led ge o f b o o k k eepin g. W o r k s f r o m u n i f o r m and s t a n d a r d t y p e s o f s a l e s and c r e d i t s l i p s . PA Y R O L L CLERK C o m p u t e s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p l o y e e s and e n t e r s th e n e c e s s a r y da t a on th e p a y r o l l s h e e t s . D uties in v o lv e : C alcu latin g w o r k e r s ' ea rn in gs b a s e d o n t i m e o r p r o d u c t i o n r e c o r d s ; and p o s t i n g c a l c u l a t e d d a t a o n p a y r o l l sh eet, show ing in fo r m a t io n such as w o r k e r 's n a m e , w o rk in g d a y s , t i m e , ra te , d e d u c t i o n s f o r i n s u r a n c e , and t o t a l w a g e s d u e . M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s t e r in m a k i n g up and d i s t r i b u t i n g p a y e n v e l o p e s . May use a ca lcu latin g m a ch in e. P ositions defin ition s. are cla ssified in to levels on th e b a s i s o f the f o l l o w i n g C lass A. W o r k r e q u i r e s th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t i n s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o l l o w e d a nd in s e a r c h i n g f o r , i n t e r p r e t i n g , s e l e c t i n g , o r c o d i n g i t e m s to b e k e y p u n c h e d f r o m a v a r i e t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m en ts. On o c c a s i o n m a y a l s o p e r f o r m s o m e r o u t i n e k e y p u n c h w o r k . May train in e x p e rie n ce d keypunch o p e r a t o r s . C la ss B. W o r k i s r o u t i n e and r e p e t i t i v e . Under c lo s e su p ervision o r fo llo w in g s p e c if ic p r o c e d u r e s o r in st r u c tio n s , w o r k s f r o m v a rio u s stan d a r d i z e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h i c h h a v e b e e n c o d e d , and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a i l a n d r e q u i r e lit t l e o r n o s e l e c t i n g , c o d i n g , o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f da t a t o b e r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v i s o r p r o b le m s a risin g fr o m e rr o n e o u s item s o r co d e s o r m iss in g in form a tion . T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n e s s u c h a s th e t a b u l a t o r , c a l c u la to r, c o lla t o r , in te r p r e te r , s o r te r , re p ro d u cin g punch, e tc. E xcluded fr o m th is definition a re w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s . A ls o exclu ded are o p e r a to rs of e l e c t r o n i c d ig ita l c o m p u t e r s , e ve n though th ey m a y a ls o o p e r a t e e l e c t r i c a ccou n tin g m a c h in e equip m en t. Positions defin ition s. are cla ssified in to levels on the b a sis o f the f o l l o w i n g C lass A . P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g and t a b u l a t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s in clud ing d e v isin g d ifficu lt c o n t r o l pan el w ir in g u nder g e n e r a l su p e rv is io n . A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f l o n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h i c h o f t e n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g , r e q u i r i n g s o m e p la n n in g o f the n a t u r e a nd s e q u e n c i n g o f o p e r a t i o n s , and th e u s e o f a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n e s . Is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a i n i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s o r t r a i n i n g l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and in th e o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f l o n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . D o e s n o t i n c l u d e p o s i t i o n s in w h i c h w i r i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s l i m i t e d t o s e l e c t i o n and i n s e r t i o n o f p r e w i r e d b o a r d s . C lass B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d i n g t o e s t a b l i s h e d p r o c e d u r e s and under sp ecific in stru ction s. A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e c o m p l e t e but r o u t i n e and r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s o r p a r t s o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u l a t i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h as th e t a b u l a t o r a nd c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d i t i o n to th e s i m p l e r m a c h i n e s u s e d b y cla ss C o p erators. M a y b e r e q u i r e d to d o s o m e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s . C lass C . U n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s , o p e r a t e s s i m p l e t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h a s th e s o r t e r , i n t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g punch, c o lla t o r , etc. A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e p o r t i o n s o f a w o r k unit, f o r e x a m p le , in dividual so rtin g o r co lla tin g ru ns, o r re p etitiv e o p e r a tio n s . M ay p e r fo r m s i m p l e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s , and d o s o m e f i l i n g w o r k . PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B USINE SS C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B USINE SS— C o n tin u e d A n a l y z e s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to fo r m u la te p r o c e d u r e s f o r so lvin g th em by u se o f e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g eq u ip m e n t. D evelop s a co m p le te d e s c r i p t i o n o f a l l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b l e p r o g r a m m e r s t o p r e p a r e re q u ire d digital co m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s t o b e a u t o m a t e d and i d e n t i f i e s c o n d i t i o n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a q h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s to be u s e d ; o u t l i n e s a c t i o n s to be p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y t h i s i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and da ta f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l r u n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u i p m e n t c h a n g e s t o o b t a in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n s . (N O T E : W orkers p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f t h is i s the s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y . ) C lass C. W o r k s u n d e r i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a l y s e s as a s s ig n e d , u su a lly o f a sin g le a ctiv ity . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p and e x p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r o c e d u r e s and sk ills re q u ire d fo r s y s te m s a nalysis w ork . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h igher l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a l y s t b y p r e p a r i n g th e d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p rog ra m m ers from i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d b y the h i g h e r l e v e l a n a l y s t . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS C o n v e rts statem ents o f b u sin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ica lly p r e p a re d by a s y s t e m s a n a l y s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h a r e r e q u i r e d to s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t i c data p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . W orking fr o m c h a r t s o f d i a g r a m s , t h e ; p r o g r a m m e r d e v e l o p s the p r e c i s e i n s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h , w h e n e n t e r e d in to the c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d l a n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f da ta to a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A p p lie s kn ow ledge o f c o m p u te r c a p a b ilitie s , m a th e m a tic s , log ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r s u b j e c t m a t t e r i n v o l v e d to a n a ly z e c h a r t s and d i a g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m to b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e l o p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r i t e s d e t a i l e d - f lo w c h a r t s to s h o w o r d e r in w h i c h da ta w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h i n e to f o l l o w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r i n g p r o d u c t i o n ru n; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , and a l t e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t in g e f f i c i e n c y o r adapt to new r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m ain tain s r e c o r d s o f program d e v e l o p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O TE: W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s if th is is th e s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r pa y.) D o e s n o t i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s f o l l o w s : C lass A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s involving all ph ases of s y s te m a n a ly sis. P r o b le m s are c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f in pu t da ta and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f o utp ut da ta . ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u l i n g , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a l y s i s r e c o r d in w h i c h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h ty p e i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d th r o u g h the f u l l s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w u p a c t i o n s a r e i n it ia t e d b y th e c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the da ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f da ta p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . M akes recom m en dations, if needed, f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r o b t a in in g equipm ent. D o e s n o t i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . For M ay p r o v id e fu n ction al w h o a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . d irection to low er level system s s tu d y p u r p o s e s , program m ers are cla ssified as f o llo w s : C l a s s A . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m i n g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and c h a r t s w h i c h i d e n t i f y th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s t o be a c c o m p l i s h e d , and the r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s s t e p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o l v i n g r o u t i n e ; p l a n s th e f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m i n g a c t i o n s n e e d e d to e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e the c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d end p r o d u c t s . C la s s B. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d t o a n a l y z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and operate. P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f in pu t data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e output da ta a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . (F o r exam ple, d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in t a i n i n g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a i n t a i n i n g accounts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m a in t a i n i n g i n v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u f a c t u r i n g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e th e d a t a p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f th e data p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to be a p p lied . At th is le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d ifficu lt b e c a u s e c o m p u te r equipm en t m u s t be o r g a n i z e d t o p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e da ta e l e m e n t s . A w id e v a r i e t y and e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f internal p r o c e s s in g a ctions m u st o c c u r . T h i s r e q u i r e s s u c h a c t i o n s as d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h c a n be r e u s e d , e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f li n k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d j u s t m e n t s to da t a w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y , and s u b s t a n t i a l m a n i p u l a t i o n and r e s e q u e n c i n g o f da ta e l e m e n t s to f o r m a h ig h ly i n t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . OR W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x da t a p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o n r o u t in e a s s i g n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and g u i d a n c e o n c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W ork is re v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f j u d g m e n t , c o m p l i a n c e w ith i n s t r u c t i o n s , and t o i n s u r e p r o p e r a l i g n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m . wage analysts M a y p r o v i d e f u n c t i o n a l d i r e c t i o n to l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s w h o a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . 17 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d C lass B . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e la t iv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a l l y p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n t o p r o d u c e da t a in t w o or three va ried sequen ces or form a ts. R e p o r t s and l i s t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f i n i n g , a d a p t in g , a r r a y i n g , o r m a k i n g m i n o r a d d i t i o n s to o r d e l e t i o n s f r o m inpu t da t a w h i c h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y b e p r o c e s s e d , the da t a h a v e b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r a c t i o n s s o that the a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c i n g o f d a t a c a n b e t e s t e d b y u s i n g a f e w r o u t i n e c h e c k s . T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d e a l s w ith r o u t i n e r e c o r d k e e p i n g o p e r a t i o n s . m a j o r c h a n g e o r c a n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b l y s h o r t t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s , d i a g n o s e s c a u s e and t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n . Th is u su a lly in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e step s, o r using standard c o r r e c t i o n te c h n iq u e s. OR W o r k s o n c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s ( a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A) u n d e r c l o s e d ir e c tio n o f a higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s i s t higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g l e s s d ifficu lt task s a ssig n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c t i o n . M a y g u id e o r i n s t r u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C lass C . M akes p r a c t ic a l app lica tion s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a l l y l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . A ssign m en ts are d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to rou tin e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v is io n on n ew a s p e c t s o f a s sig n m e n t s ; and w o r k i s r e v i e w e d t o v e r i f y i t s a c c u r a c y and c o n f o r m a n c e w ith r e q u i r e d procedures. COMPUTER OPERATOR M o n i t o r s and o p e r a t e s the c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d i g i t a l c o m p u t e r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d i n g t o o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a p r o gram m er. W o r k i n c l u d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S t u d ie s i n s t r u c t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e e q u i p m e n t s e tu p and o p e r a t i o n s ; l o a d s e q u i p m e n t w ith r e q u i r e d i t e m s (ta pe r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u i p m e n t in to c i r c u i t , and s t a r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d j u s t m e n t s to c o m p u t e r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n and d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m t o s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a i n t a i n s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in correctin g program . For wage s tu d y purposes, com pu ter operators are cla ssified as follow s: C la s s A . . O p e r a t e s in depen den tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r r u n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and i n t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e to m i n i m i z e d o w n t i m e ; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s i g n s o th at i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o f t e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f the t o t a l p r o g r a m , and a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not b e a v a i l a b l e . M a y g i v e d i r e c t i o n and g u i d a n c e t o l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C lass B . O p e ra te s in d ep en d en tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d p r o d u c t i o n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y run on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e i s lit tle o r n o t e s t i n g o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r r u n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . May a s s i s t a h ig h er le v e l o p e r a t o r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g l e s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s and w ith f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . expected a b i l i t y to received operator C la ss C . W o r k s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s under c l o s e s u p e r v is io n . Is t o d e v e l o p w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u i p m e n t u s e d and d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in ru n n in g r o u t i n e p r o g r a m s . U s u a l l y h as s o m e f o r m a l t r a i n i n g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n . M a y a s s i s t h i g h e r l e v e l on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la ss A . P l a n s th e g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s h a v in g d i s t i n c t i v e d e s i g n f e a t u r e s th at d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d d r a f t i n g precedents. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith the d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y re c o m m e n d m in o r design ch a n ges. A n a l y z e s th e e f f e c t o f e a c h c h a n g e o n the d e t a i l s o f f o r m , f u n c t i o n , and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d b y d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m inations. M ay e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n by lo w e r le v e l d rafters. C lass B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u t i n e and c o m p l e x d r a f t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s th at r e q u i r e th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f m o s t o f th e s t a n d a r d i z e d d r a w i n g t e c h n i q u e s reg u la rly used. D uties t y p ic a lly in v o lv e such w o r k a s: P r e p a r e s w orkin g d r a w i n g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u l t i p l e f u n c t i o n s , and p r e c is e p o sitio n a l rela tio n sh ip s betw een co m p o n e n ts; p r e p a r e s a rch ite ctu r a l d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f a building in clud ing d e ta il d raw in gs of fou n d a t i o n s , w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p l a n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and m a n u a l s in m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u t a t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e q u a n t it ie s o f m a t e r i a l s to be u s e d , l o a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e t c . R eceiv es i n i t i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C om pleted w o rk is ch eck ed f o r te c h n ic a l a dequ acy. C lass C . P r e p a r e s d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f s i n g l e u n it s o r p a r t s f o r en gin eerin g, co n stru ctio n , m anufactu rin g, o r re p a ir p u rp o s e s . Types of d raw in gs p r e p a r e d in clu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t io n s (depictin g th ree d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s t o c l a r i f y p o s i t i o n i n g o f c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C on solida tes details fr o m a n um ber of s o u r c e s and a d j u s t s o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u i r e d . Suggested m eth od s o f a p p r o a c h , a p p l i c a b l e p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e o n s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g iv e n w ith i n i t i a l a s s i g n m e n t s . In st r u c tio n s a r e l e s s c o m p l e t e when a s sig n m e n t s recur. W ork m a y be s p o t -c h e c k e d du rin g p r o g r e s s . D R A F T E R -T R A C E R E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C o n tin u e d C o p i e s p l a n s and d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p l a c i n g t r a c i n g c l o t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w i n g s and t r a c i n g w ith p e n o r p e n c i l . (D o e s not i n c l u d e t r a c i n g l i m i t e d t o p l a n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l i n e s and a la r g e s c a le not r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a tio n .) W o r k m a y be r e v i e w e d b y s u p e r v i s o r ( f r e q u e n t l y an e n g i n e e r o r d e s i g n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p l i a n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . May provide t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e to l o w e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n s . C l a s s B . A p p l i e s c o m p r e h e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to s o l v e c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e th at t y p i c a l l y c a n b e s o l v e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y i n t e r p r e t i n g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a l s o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k i n g on e le c t r o n ic equipm en t. W ork in volves: A f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s ; and j u d g m e n t in d e t e r m i n i n g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e l e c t i n g t o o l s and t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s , u s u a l l y l e s s c o m p l e x than t h o s e u s e d b y th e c la s s A techn ician. A N D /O R P r e p a r e s sim p le o r repetitive draw in gs of e a sily v isu a lize d ite m s . W o rk is c l o s e l y s u p e r v is e d during p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S TECHN ICIA N R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e , as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h i g h e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n , and w o r k i s r e v i e w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p l i a n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v i d e t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e to l o w e r le v e l tech n icia n s. W o r k s on v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t and r e l a t e d d e v i c e s b y p e r f o r m i n g o n e o r a c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : In stalling, m ain tain in g, r e p a i r i n g , o v e r h a u l i n g , t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g , m o d i f y i n g , c o n s t r u c t i n g , and t e s t i n g . W ork r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a pplication o f te c h n ic a l know ledge o f e le c t r o n ic s p r i n c i p l e s , a b i l i t y t o d e t e r m i n e m a l f u n c t i o n s , and s k i l l t o put e q u i p m e n t in r e q u ir e d o peratin g condition. C l a s s C . A p p l i e s w o r k i n g t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to p e r f o r m s i m p l e o r r o u t i n e t a s k s in w o r k i n g o n e l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t , f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c tions w hich c o v e r v irtu a lly all p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ica lly in v olv es such tasks as: A s s i s t i n g h i g h e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n s b y p e r f o r m i n g s u c h a c t i v i t i e s as r e p l a c i n g c o m p o n e n t s , w i r i n g c i r c u i t s , and t a k in g t e s t r e a d i n g s ; r e p a i r i n g s i m p l e e l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t ; and u s i n g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t i n s t r u m e n t s ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , a u d io s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu b e t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is n o t r e q u i r e d to b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w l e d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y b e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a s s i g n m e n t s d e s i g n e d to in c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (inclu din g c l a s s r o o m trainin g) s o that w o r k e r c a n a d v a n c e to h i g h e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n . T h e e q u i p m e n t — c o n s i s t i n g o f e i t h e r m a n y d i f f e r e n t k in d s o f c i r c u i t s o r m u l t i p l e r e p e t i t i o n o f th e s a m e kin d o f c i r c u i t — i n c l u d e s , but i s n o t l i m i t e d t o , th e f o l l o w i n g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m i t t i n g and r e c e i v i n g e q u i p m e n t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d i o , t e l e v i s i o n , t e l e p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v i g a t i o n a l a i d s ) , (b) d i g i t a l and a n a l o g c o m p u t e r s , and (c ) i n d u s t r i a l and m e d i c a l m e a s u r i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g equip m en t. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f such standard e le c t r o n ic e q u i p m e n t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h i n e s and h o u s e h o l d r a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n s e t s ; p r o d u c t i o n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y du ty i s s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c te s t in s t r u m e n ts ; t e c h n ic ia n s who have a d m in is t r a tiv e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l en gin eers. P osition s defin ition s. are cla ssified in to levels on th e basis R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igher le v e l tech n icia n . W o r k i s t y p i c a l l y s p o t c h e c k e d , but i s g iv e n d e t a i l e d r e v i e w when n ew o r advanced a ssign m en ts are in volved. R E G IS T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L NURSE o f the f o l l o w i n g A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v i c e under g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in ju re d e m p l o y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s who b e c o m e - i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c i d e n t on th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D u t i e s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t a id t o th e i l l o r i n j u r e d ; a tt e n d in g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p i n g r e c o r d s of patients tr e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a cc id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s and h e a lt h e v a l u a t i o n s o f a p p l i c a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; and p la n n in g and c a r r y i n g ou t p r o g r a m s i n v o l v i n g h e a lt h e d u c a t i o n , a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n o f p la n t e n v i r o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g th e h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a f e t y o f a l l p e r s o n n e l . N u r s i n g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one n u r s e a re e x c lu d e d . C lass A. A p p l i e s a d v a n c e d t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to s o l v e u n u s u a lly c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p i c a l l y c a n n o t be s o l v e d s o l e l y b y r e f e r e n c e t o m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a l s o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c tr o n ic equipm ent. E x a m p l e s o f s u c h p r o b l e m s i n c l u d e l o c a t i o n and d e n s i t y o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d i a t i o n , i s o l a t i n g m a l f u n c t i o n s , and f r e q u e n t en gin eerin g ch anges. W ork in v o lv e s: A d e t a i l e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g in d e p e n d e n t j u d g m e n t in p e r f o r m i n g s u c h ta s k s as m a k in g c i r c u i t a n a ly s e s , ca lcu la tin g w ave f o r m s , tr a c in g r e la t io n s h i p s in s i g n a l f l o w ; and r e g u l a r l y u s i n g c o m p l e x t e s t i n s t r u m e n t s ( e . g . , d u a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , dev iation m e t e r s , pu lse g e n e r a t o r s ) . MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POWERPLANT M AIN TEN AN CE C A R P E N T E R M A I N T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R — C o n t in u e d P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u t ie s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s t r u c t and m a i n t a i n in g o o d r e p a i r b u i l d i n g w o o d w o r k and e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s b i n s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y i n g out o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r ' s h a n d t o o l s , p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and s t a n d a r d m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o r k . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i en ce u su a lly a c q u ir e d through a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r equivalent trainin g and e x p e r i e n c e . 19 M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC ( M o t o r v e h ic le ) P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e f u n c t i o n s s u c h a s th e i n s t a l l a t i o n , m a i n t e n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f e q u i p m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in vo lve s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n s t a l l i n g o r r e p a i r i n g any o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m ent such as g e n e ra to rs , tr a n s fo r m e r s , s w itch b o a rd s, c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a t in g u n i t s , c o n d u i t s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n equipm ent; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p rin ts, d r aw in g s, layou ts, o r oth er s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d i a g n o s i n g t r o u b l e in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to l o a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t ; and u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n ' s h a n d t o o l s and m e a s u r i n g and t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; E xam inin g autom otive eq u ip m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u i p m e n t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th a t i n v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u i p m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r i n d i n g and a d j u s t i n g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s t a l l i n g th e v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h i c l e and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s ; and a li g n i n g w h e e l s , a d j u s t i n g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r t i g h t e n in g b o d y b o l t s . ’ In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h i c l e m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in clu d e m e c h a n i c s who r e p a ir c u s t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s . M AIN TEN AN CE PA IN TE R P a i n t s arid r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b lish m en t. W o r k i n v o l v e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and t y p e s o f p a in t r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r p a in t in g b y r e m o v i n g o l d f i n i s h o r b y p l a c i n g pu tty o r f i l l e r in n a i l h o l e s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p l y i n g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . May m ix c o lo r s , o i l s , w h i t e l e a d , and o t h e r p a in t i n g r e d i e n t s t o o b t a in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M ACHINIST P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s and n e w p a r t s in m a k i n g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t i n g w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g and l a y i n g ou t o f w o r k ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t ' s h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t in g up and o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h i n e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k i n g standard shop com p u ta tio n s re la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , to o lin g , fe e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h i n i n g ; k n o w l e d g e o f th e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u i p m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r th is w o r k ; and f it t in g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t . In g e n e r a l , th e m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r eq uiva lent t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN TEN AN CE P IP E F IT T E R I n s t a l l s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p ip e and p i p e f i t t i n g s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Laying o u t w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c u t t in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p i p e t o c o r r e c t le n g t h s w ith c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; t h r e a d i n g p i p e w ith s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d i n g p i p e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p i p e w ith c o u p l i n g s and f a s t e n i n g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f i n i s h e d p i p e s m eet sp ecifica tion s. In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W ork ers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b u i l d i n g s a n i t a t i o n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s are ex clu d ed . M A IN TEN AN CE S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a i n t a i n s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l e q u i p m e n t and f i x t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h i n e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , t a n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n i n g and la y i n g out a l l t y p e s o f s h e e t -m e ta l m ain ten ance w ork fr o m b lu e p rin ts, m o d e ls , o r other s p e c ifi c a t i o n s ; s e t t in g up and o p e r a t i n g a l l a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o l s in c u t t i n g , b e n d i n g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , f i t t i n g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and i n s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E MECH AN IC (M a ch in ery) R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th at m a i n l y i n v o l v e th e u s e o f h a n d t o o l s in s c r a p i n g and fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a i n e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g th e p r o d u c t i o n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h i n e s h o p o r s e n d i n g th e m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t i o n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k i n g a ll n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents fo r o p eration . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e r y m ain ten a n ce m e c h a n ic req u ires r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i ence. E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t ie s i n v o l v e s e t t in g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s . M ILLW RIG H T I n s t a l l s n e w m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t , and d i s m a n t l e s and i n s t a l l s m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in the plant la y o u t a r e requ ired. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; P la n n in g and l a y in g out w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in ts o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f handt o o l s and r i g g i n g ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , a nd c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a li g n i n g and b a l a n c i n g e q u i p m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d t o o l s , e q u i p m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and i n s t a l l i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t s u c h as d r i v e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . 20 M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r fo r m in g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l du ties o f l e s s e r sk ill, such as keepin g a w o r k e r s u p p l i e d w ith m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e q u i p m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r fo r m in g oth e r u nsk illed task s as d ir e c t e d by jo u r n e y m a n . T h e kin d o f w o r k the h e l p e r i s p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r i s c o n f i n e d to s u p p l y i n g , l i f t i n g , and h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s , and c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he i s p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th at a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s . C o n s t r u c t s and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu t t in g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and la y in g o u t w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s t a n d i n g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d to c o m p l e t e t a s k s ; m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t i n g v a r i o u s m a c h i n e t o o l s and r e l a t e d e q u i p m e n t ; u s i n g v a r i o u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r ' s h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r t s and f i n i s h e d t o o l s and d i e s t o a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; f it t in g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s t o p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a l l o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the t o o l and d ie m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A C H IN E -TO O L O P E R A TO R (T oolroom ) S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t i n g o n e o r m o r e th an o n e ty p e o f m a c h i n e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g r i n d i n g m a c h i n e , e n g in e la t h e , m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m a c h i n e m e t a l f o r u s e in m a k i n g o r m a i n t a i n i n g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , c u tt in g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a te ria l (e .g ., p la stic, p la ster, ru bber, gla ss). W ork ty p ica lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s o r a hig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e t t in g up m a c h i n e t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , i n s t a l l cu tt in g t o o l s and a d j u s t g u i d e s , s t o p s , w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n t r o l s to h an d le th e s i z e o f s t o c k to be m a c h i n e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e o r s e l e c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w i n g s , b l u e p r i n t s , o r l a y o u t s ) ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in st r u m e n ts ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts du rin g m a ch in in g o p e r a t i o n to a c h i e v e r e q u i s i t e d i m e n s i o n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M ay be r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s and cu tt in g and l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e w h e n t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and t o d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at th e s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w l e d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t ic e u su ally a cq u ir e d through c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e - jo b trainin g a n d exp erien ce. in clu d e shops. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not i n c l u d e t o o l and d ie m a k e r s w h o (1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and d ie j o b b i n g s h o p s o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g i n g d i e s ( d ie s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN EER O p e r a t e s and m a i n t a i n s and m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g i n e s and e q u i p m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to s u p p ly the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , h e at, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r con ditionin g. W ork in v olv es: O p e r a t i n g and m a in t a i n i n g e q u i p m e n t s u c h as s te a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , tu rb in e s, ventilating and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k i n g e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p i n g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and f u e l c o n s u m p t i o n . M ay a lso su p e rv is e th ese op e r a tio n s. H e ad o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than o n e e n g i n e e r are ex clu d ed . BO ILER TEN DER F ires s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n i s h th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w ith h e a t , p o w e r , o r steam . F e e d s f u e l s t o f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and safety v a lv e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u i p m e n t . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu dy p u r p o s e s , t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die j o b b i n g M A TER IA L M O V E M E N T A N D C USTO DIAL T R U C K D R I V E R — C o n t in u e d TRU C K DR IV E R D r i v e s a t r u c k w ith in a c i t y o r i n d u s t r i a l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d i s e , equ ip m en t, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a r io u s ty p e s of e s t a b lis h m e n ts such a s : M an ufactu ring plan ts, fre ig h t d e p o ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e t w e e n r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s i n e s s . M a y a l s o l o a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w it h o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d working order. S a l e s - r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s are e x clu d ed . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e and type o f e q u ip m e n t, as f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld be r a t e d on the b a s i s of tr a ile r cap acity.) 21 T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, lig h t t r u c k ( u n d e r 1 V2 t o n s ) m e d i u m t r u c k ( I V 2 t o and i n c l u d i n g 4 t o n s ) h eavy tr u ck ( tr a ile r ) ( o v e r 4 tons) h e a v y t r u c k ( o t h e r th an t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 t o n s ) SH IPPING A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h i p m e n t , o r r e c e i v e s and i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r in co m in g shipm ents o f m e r c h a n d is e o r oth er m a t e r ia ls . Sh ipp in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w l e d g e o f s h ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a i l a b l e m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and r a t e s ; and p r e p a r i n g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — C o n tin u e d S H IP P IN G P A C K E R ---- C o n tin u e d s h i p p e d , m a k i n g up b i l l s o f l a d i n g , p o s t i n g w e i g h t and s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p i n g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g the m e r c h a n d is e f o r sh ip m en t. R eceiv ing w ork in v o lv e s : V erifyin g o r d ire ctin g o t h e r s in v e r i f y i n g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h i p m e n t s a g a i n s t b i l l s o f l a d i n g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k i n g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u t i n g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; and m a i n t a i n i n g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s and m a y i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r t o v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e t y p e and s i z e o f c o n t a i n e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a i n e r ; u s i n g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l t o p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g and s e a l i n g c o n t a i n e r ; and a p p l y i n g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g i d e n t i f y i n g d a t a o n c o n t a i n e r . Packers who a lso m a k e w ooden b o x e s o r cra te s are exclu ded . M A T E R I A L H AN DLIN G L A B O R E R F or wage s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w orkers a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o llo w s : S h ip p in g c l e r k R eceiv ing cle rk S h ip p in g and r e c e i v i n g c l e r k WAREHOUSEMAN A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f w a r e h o u s in g d u ties w h ich r e q u ir e an u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s s t o r a g e p l a n . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : V e r if y in g m a t e r i a l s (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) again st r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n t s , n o t in g and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and o b v i o u s d a m a g e s ; r o u t i n g m a t e r i a l s to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , s t a c k i n g , o r p a l l e t i z i n g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w it h p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and t a k i n g in v e n to ry o f s to r e d m a t e r ia ls ; exam inin g s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r t i n g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r s h i p m e n t . M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r f o r m i n g w a re h o u sin g du ties. E x c l u d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t ie s i n v o l v e s h ip p in g and r e c e i v in g w o r k ( s e e S h ip p in g and R e c e i v i n g C l e r k and S h ip p in g P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f i l l i n g (see O rd e r F ille r ), o r operating p o w e r tru ck s (see P o w e r - T r u c k O p e ra to r). ORDER FIL LE R F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f i n i s h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w it h s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o n s a l e s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r other in stru ction s. M a y , in a d d it io n t o f i l l i n g o r d e r s and i n d i cating it e m s fille d o r om itte d , k eep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoin g o r d e r s , re q u isitio n a d d i t i o n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p l i e s t o s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r re la ted duties. SH IPPING P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin ish ed p r o d u c ts f o r ship m en t o r s to r a g e by p la cin g th em in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b e i n g d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n it s t o b e p a c k e d , the t y p e o f c o n t a i n e r e m p l o y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h i p m e n t . W o r k r e q u i r e s the p l a c i n g o f i t e m s in A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e d u t i e s i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d i n g and u n l o a d i n g v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e o n o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th er tr a n sp o rtin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh elv in g, o r p la cin g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a rr o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , w h o l o a d and u n l o a d s h i p s , a r e e x c l u d e d . P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p era tes a m an ually co n tro lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic - p o w e r e d truck o r t r a c t o r t o t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r i a l s o f a l l k i n d s a b o u t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . truck, F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s as f o l l o w s : are c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r - F ork lift op e ra to r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) GUARD AND W ATCHMAN G uard. P e r f o r m s r o u t i n e p o l i c e d u t i e s , e i t h e r at f i x e d p o s t o r on to u r , m aintaining o r d e r , using a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . Includes g u a r d s w h o a r e s t a t i o n e d at g a te and c h e c k o n i d e n t i t y o f e m p l o y e e s and other p erson s en terin g. W atchm an. M akes rounds o f p r e m is e s p r o p e r t y a g a i n s t f i r e , t h e f t , and i l l e g a l e n t r y . JAN ITOR, p e riod ica lly in protecting P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R C l e a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d i t i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r other establish m en t. D u t i e s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p i n g , m o p p i n g o r s c r u b b i n g , and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g c h i p s , t r a s h , and o th e r r e f u s e ; dusting e q u ip m e n t, fu r n itu r e , o r f ix t u r e s ; p o lish in g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g s u p p l i e s and m i n o r m a i n t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c l e a n i n g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w i n d o w w a s h i n g a r e e x c l u d e d . 22 Available On Requesta v a ila b le T h e f o l l o w i n g a r e a s a r e s u r v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r u s e in a d m i n i s t e r i n g th e a t n o c o s t f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n o n th e b a c k c o v e r . A A A A S e r v ic e C o n tra ct la s k a lb a n y , G a . lb u q u e r q u e , N . M e x . le x a n d r ia , L a. A lp e n a , S ta n d is h , a n d T a w a s C it y , A n n A r b o r , M ic h . A s h e v i l l e , N .C . A t l a n t i c C i t y , N .J . A u g u s t a , G a .—S . C . B a k e r s fie ld , C a lif. B a to n R o u g e , L a . M ic h . B a ttle C r e e k , M ic h . B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u i ^ O r a n g e , T e x . B i l o x i —G u l f p o r t a n d P a s c a g o u l a , M i s s . B o is e C it y , Id a h o B r e m e r to n , W ash . B r id g e p o r t , N o r w a lk , and S ta m fo r d , C on n . B r u n s w ic k , G a. B u r l i n g t o n , V t .—N . Y . C ape C od, M ass. C e d a r R a p id s , Io w a C h a m p a i g n — U r b a n a —R a n t o u l , 111. C h a r l e s t o n , S .C . C h a r l o t t e —G a s t o n i a , N . C . C h eyen n e, W yo. C l a r k s v i l l e —H o p k i n s v i l l e , T e n n . —K y . C o lo r a d o S p r in g s , C o lo . C o l u m b i a , S .C . C o l u m b u s , G a .—A l a . C o lu m b u s , M is s . C r a n e , In d . D e c a t u r , 111. D e s M o in e s , Iow a D o th a n , A la . D u lu t h —S u p e r i o r , M i n n .—W i s . E l P a s o , T e x . , a n d A l a m o g o r d o —L a s C r u c e s , N . M e x . E u g e n e —S p r i n g f i e l d , O r e g . F a y e t t e v i l l e , N .C . F i t c h b u r g —L e o m i n s t e r , M a s s . F o r t S m i t h , A r k . —O k l a . F o r t W a y n e , In d . F r e d e r i c k —H a g e r s t o w n , M d . —C h a m b e r s b u r g , P a . M a r t in s b u r g , W . V a . G a d s d e n an d A n n is to n , A la . G o l d s b o r o , N .C . G r a n d I s l a n d —H a s t i n g s , N e b r . G r e a t F a lls , M o n t. G u am , T e r r ito r y o f H a r r i s b u r g —L e b a n o n , P a . H u n t i n g t o n —A s h l a n d , W . V a . —K y . —O h i o K n o x v ille , T e n n . L a C r o s s e , W is . L aredo, T ex. L a s V e g a s , N ev. L a w to n , O k la . L im a , O h io L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A rk. A ct of 1965. S u rvey r e s u lt s are p u b lis h e d in r e le a s e s w h ile s u p p lie s la s t, are or w ill be L o g a n s p o r t —P e r u , I n d . L o r a i n —E l y r i a , O h i o L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d . —V a . —D e l . L y n ch b u rg , V a. M a co n , G a. M a d is o n , W is. M a n s f i e l d , O h io M a r q u e t t e , E s c a n a b a , S a u lt S t e . M a r i e , M i c h . M c A l l e n —P h a r i ^ E d i n b u r g a n d B r o w n s v i l l e — H a r l i n g e n —S a n B e n i t o , T e x . M e d f o r d —K l a m a t h F a l l s —G r a n t s P a s s , O r e g . M e r id ia n , M is s . M i d d l e s e x , M o n m o u t h , a n d O c e a n C o s . , N .J . M o b i l e a n d P e n s a c o l a , A l a . —F l a . M o n t g o m e r y , A la . N a s h v i l l e —D a v i d s o n , T e n n . N e w B e r n —J a c k s o n v i l l e , N . C . N e w L o n d o n —N o r w i c h , C o n n . —R . I . N o r th D a k o ta , S ta te o f O r la n d o , F la . O x n a r d —S i m i V a l l e y —V e n t u r a , C a l i f . P a n a m a C it y , F la . P a r k e r s b u r g —M a r i e t t a , W . V a . —O h i o P e o r i a , 111. P h o e n ix , A r iz . P in e B lu ff, A r k . P o c a t e l l o —I d a h o F a l l s , I d a h o P o r t s m o u t h , N .H .—M a i n e —M a s s . P u e b lo , C o lo . P u e r to R ic o R en o, N ev. R i c h l a n d —K e n n e w i c k —W a l l a W a l l a — P e n d l e t o n , W a s h . —O r e g . R i v e r s i d e —S a n B e r n a r d i n o —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . S a lin a , K a n s . S a l i n a s —S e a s i d e —M o n t e r e y , C a l i f . S a n d u s k y , O h io S a n t a B a r b a r a —S a n t a M a r i a —L o m p o c , C a l i f . Savannah, G a. S e lm a , A la . S h e r m a n —D e n i s o n , T e x . S h re v e p o rt, La. S io u x F a l l s , S. D a k . S pok an e, W ash. S p r i n g f i e l d , 111. S p r i n g f i e l d —C h i c o p e e —H o l y o k e , M a s s . —C o n n . S to ck to n , C a lif. T a co m a , W ash. T a m p a —S t . P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . T op ek a , K ans. T u c s o n , A r iz . T u ls a , O k la . V a l l e j o —F a i r f i e l d —N a p a , C a l i f . W a c o a n d K i l l e e n —T e m p l e , T e x . W a t e r l o o —C e d a r F a l l s , I o w a W e s t T e x a s P la in s W i l m i n g t o n , D e l . —N . J . —M d . A n a n n u a l r e p o r t on s a la r ie s f o r a c c o u n ta n ts , a u d it o r s , c h ie f a c c o u n ta n ts , a t t o r n e y s , jo b a n a ly s t s , d ir e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l, b u y e r s , c h e m is t s , c le r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le . O r d e r a s B L S B u lle tin 1 8 9 1 , N a tio n a l S u r v e y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l, A d m in is t r a t iv e , T e c h n ic a l, an d C le r i c a l P a y , M a r c h 1 9 7 5 . o f f i c e s s h o w n o n t h e b a c k c o v e r , o r f r o m t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 4 0 2 . w h ic h , e n g in e e r s , e n g in e e r in g te c h n ic ia n s , $ 1 .4 0 a c o p y , f r o m a n y o f th e B L S d r a ft e r s , and r e g io n a l s a le s Area Wage Surveys A li s t of the la t e s t a v a ila b le b u lletin s or bu lletin su pp lem en ts is p resen ted b elo w . A d ir e c to r y of a r e a w age stu d ies including m o r e lim ite d stud ies conducted at the requ est of the E m p loym en t S tandards A d m in is tr a tio n of the D e p a rtm e n t of L ab or is a v a ila b le on req u est. B u lletin s m a y b e p u rch ase d f r o m any of the B L S reg io n a l o ffic e s shown on the b ack c o v e r . B ulletin su p p le m en ts m a y be obtained w ithout c o s t, w h e re in d icated , f r o m B LS r eg io n a l o ffic e s . A rea A k r o n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________________________ A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 1___________________________________________________ A n a h e i m - S a n t a A n a —G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 * _____________________________________ A t la n t a , G a ., M a y 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________________ A u s tin , T e x ., D e c . 1975 1 — --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B a l t i m p r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 * _________________________________________________________________________ B i l l i n g s , M o n t . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 __________________________________ .__________________________________________ B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . —P a . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 ___________________________________________________________________ B ulletin n um ber and p r i c e * 1 8 5 0 -8 0 , 1 8 5 0 -6 3 , 1 8 5 0 -7 5 , 1 8 5 0 -2 5 , 1 8 5 0 -8 3 , 1 8 5 0 -6 2 , 1 8 5 0 -4 6 , 1 8 5 0 -5 0 , 45 cen ts $ 1 .2 0 85 ce n ts $ 1 .0 0 75 c e n t s $ 1 .3 0 65 c e n ts 65 c e n ts B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r , 1 9 7 6 * ____ _________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 1 , B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 * ___ ________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 8 , B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 9 , C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 19 7 6 ________________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 2 8 , C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . —G a . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 * _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 7 , C h i c a g o , 111., M a y 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________ ,,_____________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 3 , C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o - K y . —I n d . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 __________________________________________________________ — 1 9 0 0 - 7 , C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 4 , C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O ct. 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 8 , C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , J u l y i 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 7 , D a l l a s —F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 9 , _ D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a —111., F e b . 1 9 7 6 _ ____________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 2 5 , D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 7 5 ________________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 3 , D a y t o n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 7 , D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 2 , D e t r o i t , M i c h . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 ! - — ____________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 5 , F o r t L a u d e r d a l e —H o l l y w o o d a n d W e s t P a l m B e a c h — B o c a R a t o n , F l a . , A p r . 1 9 7 6 —_____________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 2 0 , F r e s n o , C a l i f . , J u n e 1 9 7 6 — __________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 2 9 , G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 7 , G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 4 , G r e e n s b o r o —W i n s t o n - S a l e m - H i g h P o i n t , N . C . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 9 , G r e e n v i l l e —S p a r t a n b u r g , S . C . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 ________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 2 , H a r t f o r d , C o n n . , M a r . L 9 7 6 _____________________________________- ____________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 4 , H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1 9 7 6 ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 2 6 , H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 7 6 _____________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 7 , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 ________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 6 , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b . 1 9 7 6 _____________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 8 , J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 1 , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 5 , L e x i n g t o n —F a y e t t e , K y . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 1 ______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 4 , L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 __________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 6 , L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 9 L M e l b o u r n e —T i t u s v i l l e —C o c o a , F l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 4 , M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . —M i s s . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 5 , 95 ce n ts $ 1 .5 0 95 cen ts 55 c e n ts 85 c e n t s 85 c e n ts 75 c e n ts $ 1 .3 0 95 cen ts 65 c e n ts $ 1 .5 0 55 cen ts 45 ce n ts 65 c e n ts 75 c e n t s $ 1 .2 5 * Prices are determ in ed b y the Governm ent Printing O ffice and are su bject to chan ge. 1 Data on establishm ent p ra ctices and supplementary w age provisions are also presented. 2 T o b e surveyed. 55 cen ts 45 cen ts $ 1 .1 0 80 c e n t s 65 cen ts 65 cen ts 55 cen ts 85 c e n ts 55 ce n ts 95 c e n ts 55 ce n ts 45 cen ts 80 c e n t s 75 c e n t s $ 1 .1 5 45 ce n ts 65 cen ts 45 ce n ts A rea M i a m i , F l a . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1 9 7 6 __________________ _________________________________________________________ M i n n e a p o l i s —S t. P a u l , M i n n .—W i s . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 _ _ ________________________________________________ N a s s a u —S u f f o l k , N . Y . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1___________________________________________________________________ N e w a r k , N . J . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 _________________________________________________________________________________ N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 __________________________________________________________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y . —N . J . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________________________ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a . —N . C . , M a y 1 9 7 6 1 _____- ___________________________ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h ^ P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o r t N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . —N . C . , M a y 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________ N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y l v a n i a , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________ __________ O m a h a , N e b r . —I o w a , O c t . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________________ P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n - P a s s a i c , N . J . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1 ____________________________________________________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . —N . J . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ________________________ __________________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 * ___________________________________________________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h . , M a y 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________ P o u g h k e e p s i e , N . Y . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1 ______________________________________________________ ,______________ P o u g h k e e p s i e —K i n g s t o n - N e w b u r g h , N . Y . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 * _______________________________________ P r o v i d e n c e —W a r w i c k —P a w t u c k e t , R . I » - M a s s . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 ______________________________ R a l e i g h - D u r h a m , N . C . , F e b . 1 9 7 6 __________________________________________________________________ R i c h m o n d , V a . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________________________ S t. L o u i s , M o . —111., M a r . 1 9 7 6 1 _______________________________________________________________________ S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 ________________________________________________________________________ S a g i n a w , M i c h . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________________________ S a l t L a k e C i t y —O g d e n , U t a h , N o v . 1 9 7 5 * __________________________________________________________ S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 6 __________________________________________________________________________ S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 ________________________________________________________ S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 . __________________________________________________________________________ S e a t t l e —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 __________________________________________________________________ S o u t h B e n d , I n d . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 ____________________________________________________________________________ S t a m f o r d , C o n n . 1 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________________________ T o l e d o , O h i o —M i c h . , M a y 1 9 7 6 _______________________________________________________________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 1 .......................................................................................................................................... U t i c a —R o m e , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 1 _______________________________________________________________________ W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . —M d .—V a . , M a t ;. 1 9 7 6 _____________________________________ :_____________________ W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n ty , N .Y ., M a y 1 9 7 5 1 __________________________________________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1 9 7 6 ______________________________________________________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , . A p r . 1 9 7 6 _________________________________________________________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 6 ____________________________________________________________________________________ B ulletin num ber and p r ic e * 1 8 5 0 -7 6 , 1 9 0 0 -2 2 , 1 9 0 0 -3 , 1 8 5 0 -3 9 , 1 9 0 0 -1 0 , 1 9 0 0 -2 , 1 8 5 0 -4 5 , 1 9 0 0 -2 7 . 95 ce n ts 85 c e n t s 95 c e n ts $ 1 .0 0 85 cen ts 75 c e n t s $ 1 .1 0 85 c e n ts 1 8 5 0 -3 0 , 1 8 5 0 -5 2 , 1 8 5 0 -5 1 , 1 8 5 0 -5 6 , 1 8 5 0 -3 8 , 1 8 5 0 -6 5 , 1 9 0 0 -1 , 1 8 5 0 -7 2 , 1 8 5 0 -4 0 , 1 8 5 0 -7 0 , 1 8 5 0 -6 8 , 1 8 5 0 -2 7 , 1 9 0 0 -1 8 , 1 8 5 0 -4 1 , 1 9 0 0 -1 9 . 1 8 5 0 -8 7 , 1 8 5 0 -7 1 , 1 8 5 0 -7 4 , 1 9 0 0 -2 3 , 1 8 5 0 -7 7 , 1 9 0 0 -9 , 1 9 0 0 -1 3 , 1 9 0 0 -6 , 1 9 0 0 -5 , 65 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 65 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 80 c e n ts 85 c e n ts $ 1 ,1 5 45 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 55 cen ts 65 ce n ts $ U 25 45 cen ts 35 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 65 cen ts 45 cen ts 95 cen ts 65 cen ts 65 c e n ts 55 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -4 3 . 1 9 0 0 -2 4 , 1 8 5 0 -6 0 , 1 8 5 0 -4 8 , 1 9 0 0 -1 2 , 1 8 5 0 -5 3 , 1 9 0 0 -2 1 , 1 9 0 0 -1 6 , 1 9 0 0 -4 , 65 cen ts 55 c e n ts $ 1 .2 0 80 c e n ts 85 c e n ts 80 c e n ts 55 cen ts 55 cen ts 55 c e n ts U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region II Region I Suite 3400 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Region III 3535 Market Street, P.O. 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