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j. . o’; - / / Area Wage Survey Birmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, March 1976 Bulletin 1900-11 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Preface T h is b u l l e t i n p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a M a r c h 1976 s u r v e y of o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s a nd s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f i t s in the B i r m i n g h a m , A l a b a m a , Standard M e t r o p o lit a n S ta tistical A r e a (J e f f e r s o n , St. C l a i r , S h e lb y , and W a l k e r C o u n t i e s ) . The su rv ey w a s m a d e a s p a r t of the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' a n n u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w h i c h is d e s i g n e d t o y i e l d data f o r i n d i v i d u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s as w e l l as n ational and r e g io n a l e s tim a te s f o r a l l Stand a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in the U n ite d S t a t e s , e x c l u d i n g A l a s k a and H aw a ii. A. m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m i s th e n e e d to d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , t h r o u g h th e a n a l y s i s o f (1) the l e v e l a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n , and (2) the m o v e m e n t of w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l . The p r o g r a m d e v e l o p s i n f o r m a t i o n th at m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , i n c l u d i n g w a g e a nd s a l a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g pla n t l o c a t i o n . Survey results a lso are u s e d b y th e U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s u n d e r the S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1965. C u r r e n t l y , 84 a r e a s a r e i n c l u d e d in the p r o gram . (See lis t o f a r e a s on in sid e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s data a r e c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly . I n f o r m a t i o n on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f i t s i s o b t a i n e d e v e r y th ird y ear. E a ch y e a r a fte r a ll individual area w age s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u l l e t i n s are issued. T h e f i r s t b r i n g s t o g e t h e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a t i o n a l and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d i v i d u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a data. The B ir m in g h a m s u r v e y w as con d u cted by the B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in A t la n t a , G a ., u n d e r the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f J e r r y G . A d a m s , A s s i s t a n t R egion a l C o m m is s io n e r f o r O pera tion s. The s u r v e y c o u l d n o t h av e b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d w it h o u t th e c o o p e r a t i o n o f the m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a l a r y data p r o v i d e d th e b a s i s f o r the s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in th is b u l l e t i n . T h e B u r e a u w i s h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r the c o o p e r a t i o n r e c e i v e d . Note: R e p o r t s on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s in th e B i r m i n g h a m a r e a a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r the l a u n d r y and d r y c l e a n i n g i n d u s t r i e s ( M a r c h 1 9 7 6), a n d f o r f a b r i c a t e d s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l ( N o v e m b e r 19 7 4). A ls o available are listings o f u n io n w a g e r a t e s f o r b u il d in g t r a d e s , p r i n t i n g trades, lo c a l-t r a n s it operating e m p lo y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s , and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p l o y ees. F r e e c o p i e s o f t h e s e a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u rea u 's region al o ffice s. (See b a ck c o v e r f o r ad d resses.) Bulletin 1900-11 Area W age Survey: June 1976 Birmingham, Alabam a, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, W. J. Usery, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner Metropolitan A rea March 1976 Contents I n t r o d u c t i o n __________________________________________ Page 2 Page T a b l e s — C o n t in u e d B. T ables: A. E arnings: A - l . W e e k ly earn ings o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s . . . 3 A -2 . W eek ly earnings of p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n i c a l w o r k e r s _______________ 6 A -3. A v e r a g e w e e k ly earnings o f o f fi c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l w o r k e r s , b y s e x _____________________ 7 A - 4 . H ou rly earn ings o f m ain ten a nce, t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t w o r k e r s ________________________________ 9 A -5. H ou rly earnings o f m a te ria l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l w o r k e r s _________________________________ 10 A - 6 . A v e r a g e h o u rly earn ings of m ain ten ance, t o o lr o o m , p o w e r p l a n t , m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t , and c u s t o d i a l w o r k e r s , b y s e x -------------------12 A - 7 . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u rly earnings fo r se le cte d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , adjusted f o r e m p l o y m e n t s h i f t s ________________ 13 E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and supplem entary w age p r o v is io n s : B - l . M in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e rie n ce d ty pists and c l e r k s _______________________________ 14 B - 2 . L a t e shif t pa y p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e m a n u f a c t u r i n g plant w o r k e r s __________________________________ 1 5 B - 3 . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s of fu ll-tim e first-sh ift w o r k e r s __________________________________ 16 B - 4 . A n n u a l p a id h o l i d a y s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s __________________________________ 17 B - 5 . P aid v a ca tion p r o v is io n s fo r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ______________________ 18 B - 6 . H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n pla n p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o rke r s _________________________________ 2 1 A ppendix A . A p p e n d i x B. S c o p e and m e t h o d o f s u r v e y __________ 23 O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ____________29 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D. C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Price 95 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Introduction T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 84 in w h i c h th e U.S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r 's B u reau o f L a b o r S tatistics c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e lated b e n e fit s. In t h is a r e a , data w e r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u re a u fie ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M an ufactu ring ; tr a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in du stry grou ps exclu ded f r o m t h e s e s t u d i e s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E stablish m en ts h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e o f i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d . S ep arate tabu lation s a re p r o v id e d f o r each o f th e b r o a d in du stry d iv is io n s w hich m e e t pu blication c r i t e r i a . n u r s e s , s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k i l l e d pla n t w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , da t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s , m a n u f a c t u r i n g , and n onm an ufacturin g. Th is table p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e t r e n d s a f t e r e l i m i n a t i o n o f c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a rn in g s c a u se d by e m p lo y m e n t shifts am on g e s t a b lish m e n ts as w e ll as tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c l u d e d in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . F o r fu rth er d eta ils, see app end ix A . B - s e r i e s tables T h e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s p r e s e n t i n f o r m a t i o n on m i n im u m e n tra n ce s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; late s h ift p a y p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s f o r pla n t w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g ; and da ta s e p a r a t e l y f o r p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s o n s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; p a id h o l i d a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s . A - s e r i e s ta b les T a b les A - l through A - 6 p r o v id e estim a tes o f s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly o r h o u r ly earn ings f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t i o n s c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . O c c u p a t i o n s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m th e f o l l o w i n g - c a t e g o r i e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l , (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l , (c) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t , and (d) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l . In th e 31 l a r g e s t su r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - l a through A - 6 a p r o v id e s i m i l a r da ta f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g 500 w o r k ers or m ore. A pp end ixes A p p e n d i x A d e s c r i b e s th e m e t h o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n o n th e s c o p e o f th e a r e a s u r v e y , on t h e a r e a ' s i n d u s t r i a l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u f a c t u r in g , and o n l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . T a b l e A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u rly earn ings o f o f fic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , i n d u s t r i a l A pp end ix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s u sed b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y occu pation . 2 A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Number N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s s Avprage S S 5 S $ s S s * S S $ % o f— s $ weekly hours1 (standard S s s s s 90 100 no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 90 Occupation and industry division 100 no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 _ 2 2 0 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 - 82 111 9 102 11 11 3 56 137 7 130 15 14 11 54 76 4 72 98 31 67 8 1 11 26 81 18 63 13 6 10 15 80 22 58 4 4 20 17 89 53 36 7 3 16 56 16 40 16 1 1 3 62 17 45 31 - 82 13 69 48 2 • 70 9 61 54 - 26 - - 26 25 - 7 3 4 4 • 1 - 1 1 W w - 1 - 13 2 1 - - - - - 22 21 11 10 - 8 3 5 1 6 4 2 1 14 4 2 - 1 «• 3 1 - - 2 - • - 1 - 10 - 3 1 2 3 — 22 9 16 16 11 - - - 11 - 1 - 11 11 1 1 - 8y Mean * Median 2 and u n d er Middle range* ALL WORKERS SE CR ET AR IE S -----------MA NU FA CT UR IN G ------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG --public utilities wholesale trade — r e t a i l t r a d e ----FI NA NC E ----------- 1 .1 2 4 202, 922 252 48 91 325 $ 1 6 8 .5 0 1 9 1 .0 0 1 6 1 .5 0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 $ 1 7 5 .5 0 1 9 0 .0 0 1 7 2 .0 0 2 1 5 .0 0 1 5 3 .0 0 1 6 0 .5 0 1 5 1 .0 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 $ 1 1 1 2 2 5 .5 0 1 1 4 0 . SO 1 1 6 2 . Q0 1 1 4 4 .0 0 1 $ 41 70 38 80 39 49 26 .5 .0 .0 .5 .0 ,5 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 4 7 0 6 1 0 1 9 6 3 8 .5 .0 .5 .5 .0 .0 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SECRETARIES* CLASS A MA NU FA CT UR IN G -----N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG --RE TAIL TRADE ----- 122 30 92 33 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 1 9 4 .0 0 1 9 6 .5 0 1 9 3 .0 0 1 7 3 .0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 1 9 4 .5 0 1 9 0 .0 0 1 7 2 .5 0 1 7 2 .5 0 -2 0 6 .5 0 1 9 3 .0 0 -2 1 5 .5 0 1 7 2 .5 0 -2 0 3 .0 0 1 4 9 .5 0 -1 9 0 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS B MANUFA CT UR IN G -----N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG --PU BL IC UT ILITIES f i n a n c e ----------- 272 51 221 49 77 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 1 8 0 .5 0 1 9 6 .0 0 1 7 6 .5 0 2 2 1 .5 0 1 5 8 .0 0 1 7 8 .5 0 1 9 3 .5 0 1 6 5 .5 0 2 4 5 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 -2 0 5 .0 0 1 8 4 .0 0 -2 1 4 .0 0 1 4 4 .0 0 -1 9 7 .0 0 1 9 3 .5 0 -2 5 9 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 -1 7 4 .5 0 SECRETARIES* CLASS C MA NU FA CT UR IN G ------N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG --PU BL IC UTIL IT IE S f i n a n c e ------------------ 274 45 229 74 75 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 1 8 3 .5 0 1 8 9 .0 0 1 8 2 .5 0 2 2 8 .5 0 1 5 5 .5 0 1 7 3 .5 0 1 8 5 .0 0 1 7 1 .0 0 2 3 9 .5 0 1 4 6 .0 0 1 4 7 .5 0 -2 1 5 .5 0 1 7 2 .5 0 -1 9 4 .0 0 1 4 4 .5 0 -2 2 0 .0 0 2 1 3 .0 0 -2 5 7 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 7 0 .5 0 SECRETARIES* CLASS D -----M A N U FA CT UR IN G -------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------f i n a n c e ------------------ 450 70 380 151 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 1 6 1 .5 0 1 7 8 .5 0 1 5 8 .0 0 1 3 6 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 1 8 5 .5 0 1 4 5 .5 0 1 3 2 .0 0 S T E N O G RA PH ER S. -G EN ER AL — M A N U FA CT UR IN G ---nonmanufacturing — WHOL ES AL E TRADE — 542 79 463 32 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 1 5 5 .5 0 1 5 6 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 ST EN OGRAPHERS. SENIOR NONMANUFACTURING — 166 153 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 138 36 102 43 — T R AN SC RI BI NG -M AC HI NE TY PI ST S M A NU FA CT UR IN G --------- ---NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------FI NA NC E ------------------TYPISTS. CLASS A ---NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----TYPISTS. CLASS B — M A N U FA CT UR IN G -------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ---PU BL IC U T IL IT IE S --RETAIL TRADE -----------FINANCE ------------------ • • - 1 1 1 - 47 17 17 2 2 13 - 47 1 1 35 11 4 19 18 1 11 • . - _ - 3 13 - - - - - 3 * * - - 13 10 * 9 7 2 1 2 2 -• 4 4 4 16 16 a 30 • 30 8 13 20 4 16 • 15 33 33 1 6 16 2 14 9 19 2 17 3 5 38 14 24 5 21 10 11 3 3 7 2 5 2 - 21 12 9 2 7 13 4 9 5 1 20 1 19 13 1 15 16 9 1 8 3 4 36 5 31 2 7 32 14 18 2 5 14 6 8 2 3 20 12 8 2 1 14 1 13 3 2 13 13 8 3 25 1 24 15 S 22 1 21 21 - - - - - . . 3 7 - - - 3 7 — 16 1 15 32 1 31 2 17 - - - - - * “ 1 3 2 .0 0 -1 9 1 .0 0 1 6 2 .0 0 -1 9 4 .0 0 1 2 7 .5 0 -1 8 1 .5 0 1 1 8 .5 0 -1 4 5 .5 0 . • 1 4 8 .5 0 1 4 7 .5 0 1 4 8 .5 0 1 3 6 .0 0 1 3 2 .0 0 -1 8 1 .5 0 1 3 3 .0 0 -1 7 4 .3 0 1 3 2 .0 0 -1 8 3 .5 0 1 3 2 .0 0 -1 7 7 .0 0 1 7 2 .0 0 1 7 3 .5 0 1 6 6 .5 0 1 6 7 .0 6 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 4 6 .0 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 69 68 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 469 101 368 28 42 230 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 - 2 7 l 15 9 1 1 - 12 12 11 36 36 29 51 • 51 28 62 9 53 28 72 2 70 22 34 3 31 8 37 17 20 9 8 2 6 4 12 2 10 8 27 20 7 3 27 10 17 1 22 1 21 30 4 26 . - 1 - 79 11 68 1 45 2 43 32 4 28 5 35 8 27 4 79 5 74 3 5 1 4 4 1 3 9 * 83 15 68 13 42 13 29 • 28 • 28 4 88 15 73 * 8 1 7 2 1 5 1 .0 0 -1 9 0 .5 0 1 5 1 .0 0 -1 9 8 ,0 0 . • - - * 5 5 8 8 6 6 13 4 35 34 25 25 21 18 10 10 6 6 16 16 4 4 17 17 1 2 2 .5 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 -1 4 9 .5 0 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 5 2 .5 0 9 6 .0 0 -1 2 6 ,0 0 8 4 .0 0 -1 1 0 .5 0 16 - 34 34 10 11 11 6 3 '• 3 3 18 3 15 6 9 7 7 . * * - - — - — • — 26 6 20 1 - 8 1 1 12 12 1 4 0 .5 0 1 4 0 .5 0 1 3 4 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 -1 6 0 .5 0 1 1 5 .0 0 -1 6 0 .5 0 * 4 4 10 10 7 7 8 8 8 8 3 2 9 4 4 8 8 * 1 1 0 .5 0 1 1 7 .5 0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 2 6 .5 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 0 4 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 4 .0 0 1 2 2 .0 0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 1 9 .0 0 1 0 3 .5 0 -1 3 0 .0 0 9 9 .5 0 -1 1 5 .0 0 1 1 2 .5 0 -1 3 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 0 3 .5 0 9 8 .0 0 -1 0 9 .5 0 27 69 194 48 146 1 28 106 65 56 2 1 31 58 18 40 10 2 19 30 13 17 4 2 6 6 2 4 2 2 11 10 1 - - 16 16 — 27 24 1 - 69 6 7 43 9 S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b l e s . - 82 4 2 8 45 3 - * 9 — 5 1 4 1 _ . - - 4 3 - 19 - _ 19 • _ - - - - • • - • - - - - • • • <* • - - - - - * • - m • 4 3 1 • • m m m - - • . . - - - ■» - - • m • • «» • - • • • - - m • 12 12 4 3 1 1 - 1 2 • • 2 8 8 4 • 9 12 1 - • • • • • _ • . • - • • • • • • T able A-1. W eekly earnings of o ffice w o rkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1 9 7 6 — Continued Weekly earnings 1 (staiM lard) Numb Average weekly houre1 (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f— $ S $ i S $ S $ $ $ S $ s $ S $ S % S s $ 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 90 Occupation and industry division 100 n o 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 - 4 4 3 3 2 1 2 16 15 9 7 2 2 3 2 - 1 2 * * 1 £ 2 2 47 47 37 61 58 6 17 44 43 17 16 5 10 10 7 4 2 5 5 4 i 6 5 5 2 2 2 8 8 8 73 4 69 54 28 8 20 15 13 9 6 1 1 10 10 7 6 10 10 “ 8 5 1 10 10 - l l l - 80 Mean * Median * Middle range* and u n d er ALL WORKERSCONT IN UE D 1 3 4 .5 0 1 3 4 .5 0 $ $ 1 3 1 .5 0 -1 4 7 .5 0 1 3 1 .5 0 -1 4 7 .5 0 1 1 2 .5 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 4 0 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 4 2 .0 0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 1 8 .5 0 9 8 .0 0 -1 1 7 .5 0 1 2 1 .5 0 -1 6 3 .0 0 9 5 .5 0 -1 1 4 .0 0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 9 6 .0 0 1 0 8 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 9 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 9 2 .0 0 9 2 .0 0 159 152 52 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 1 2 1 .0 0 120*00 1 0 8 .0 0 s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s -------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------r e t a i l t r a d e ------------------- 131 113 33 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 SW IT CH BO AR D OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS' M A N U FA CT UR IN G -------------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------PU BL IC U T IL IT IE S -------------w h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------RE TA IL TRADE ------------------- 239 72 167 32 30 48 39 ORDER CLERKS, CLASS A -------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------w h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------- FILE CLERKS, CLASS A NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G — 47 39 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 $ 1 4 1 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 file clerks, class b nonmanufacturing — 203 194 37 86 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 391 44 347 304 P U B L I C UTIL IT IE S f i n a n c e -------- — FILE CLERKS, CLASS C - $ “ 3 3 * 3 19 1 • • - - - 1 1 • - 3 3 • • • 3 .5 0 -1 0 3 .5 0 4 .0 0 -1 1 9 .5 0 3 .5 0 -1 0 2 .0 0 3 .5 0 -1 0 1 .0 0 136 136 136 129 21 108 88 - 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 .0 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 -1 3 2 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 3 2 .5 0 9 7 .0 0 -1 1 7 .5 0 10 10 8 29 29 12 29 29 15 29 27 5 15 15 6 10 9 4 “ 1 2 2 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 4 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 3 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 0 0 .0 0 5 5 5 18 18 3 35 29 21 14 14 12 11 1 10 10 - 15 12 3 6 3 5 4 5 4 5 2 l l 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 1 3 5 .5 0 1 4 7 .0 0 1 3 1 .0 0 1 6 3 .5 0 1 4 6 .5 0 1 1 3 .5 0 1 2 1 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 4 1 .5 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 1 3 6 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 1 5 .0 0 -1 4 5 .0 0 1 2 4 .5 0 -1 5 5 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 3 6 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 -1 5 5 .0 0 1 3 4 .5 0 -1 6 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 1 9 .5 0 1 1 4 .0 0 -1 2 0 .0 0 3 3 - 5 5 - 19 19 66 17 49 22 17 5 1 4 16 6 10 7 2 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 11 11 - 5 2 3 3 • 32 14 26 4 22 8 13 6 10 48 12 36 10 3 5 10 - - - - - - - - * 1 47 41 41 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 9 9 .5 0 2 0 4 .5 0 2 0 4 .5 0 2 0 8 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 1 6 3 .5 0 -2 1 9 .0 0 1 7 3 .0 0 -2 1 9 .0 0 1 7 3 .0 0 -2 1 9 .0 0 6 6 6 • 14 14 14 _ 3 3 3 3 3 3 • - - 3 3 3 - - - ORDER CLERKS, CL AS S B ------------— M A NU FA CT UR IN G -------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------w h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------— — 221 36 185 95 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 4 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 3 6 .5 0 1 5 7 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 1 5 8 .0 0 1 1 1 1 37 18 19 1 24 6 18 a c c o u n t i n g c l e r k s , c l a s s a -------m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s --- — w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ------ 325 91 234 81 37 40 53 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 1 7 9 .5 0 2 0 9 .0 0 1 6 8 .0 0 2 0 2 .5 0 1 6 0 .5 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 6 .0 0 1 7 4 .0 0 1 8 4 .5 0 1 6 2 .0 0 2 0 9 .5 0 1 5 8 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 -2 1 0 .0 0 1 6 7 .5 0 -2 8 5 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 -1 9 9 .0 0 1 7 8 .5 0 -2 1 9 .0 0 1 3 2 .0 0 -1 7 5 .0 0 1 1 5 .5 0 -1 6 1 .5 0 1 2 5 .5 0 -1 6 2 .0 0 990 150 840 187 133 228 246 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 1 3 0 .5 0 1 4 1 .0 0 1 2 8 .5 0 1 5 9 .5 0 1 2 2 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 1 4 .0 0 1 2 6 .5 0 1 3 3 .0 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 6 0 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 1 2 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 4 1 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 6 0 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 -1 3 9 .5 0 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 9 5 .0 0 1 0 5 .5 0 -1 3 6 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 3 2 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 8 .0 0 manufacturing nonmanufacturing f i n a n c e ------------------------- ME SS EN GE RS ---------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- --------- — RE TA IL TRADE ------------------------- finance accounting clerks, class manufacturing — n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --- B PU B L I C U T IL IT IE S w h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----RE TA IL TRADE ---------f i n a n c e ---------------- 8 9 8 8 10 19 10 54 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .5 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 58 27 58 58 .0 0 .5 0 .0 0 .5 0 2 3 * 3 * . - - - - - * * • * - 6 37 - - - - 37 1 27 9 18 - 6 6 9 17 - - 9 17 24 7 17 - - - - - - - - - 3 14 - - * 4 1 12 33 1 4 10 10 149 5 144 9 27 72 36 138 24 114 23 12 32 44 189 46 143 29 26 64 18 34 • 34 - 10 24 73 2 71 - 10 24 35 - * - 1 8 145 21 124 12 36 13 57 S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b l e s . 3 4 - - 33 - * 1 1 1 • - - - - w 6 • - • • • • _ - • - • - _ 6 6 3 3 3 - 6 . - - - * * 3 3 3 - - “ * 6 6 6 4 1 3 3 71 2 69 69 . 1 8 3 1 - 2 - - 1 1 8 8 3 3 1 1 - 2 2 • - • * - - - - - - - - 16 8 8 2 1 22 2 20 1 10 4 1 33 6 27 12 2 1 12 30 13 17 6 7 1 1 28 12 16 7 2 7 17 6 11 4 12 4 2 2 1 1 5 1 4 4 28 28 - 19 5 14 12 2 - 1 5 1 2 - - - 26 3 23 7 6 33 14 19 9 1 2 2 20 4 16 6 6 2 1 17 3 14 12 76 10 66 66 - 2 2 - - - - 7 6 1 1 - - - - 1 81 10 71 13 9 7 22 7 “ - - 2 - 12 9 1 - - 28 1 27 22 • _ • - - • • • - • - • - • - * - - • • • - • • • - • - - • - - - - - • • - • - - • - • - • • • • Table A-1. W eekly earnings of o ffice w o rkers in B irm ingham , A la., M arch 1 9 7 6 — Continued Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Number Occupation and industry division worker. A weekly hours1 (standard)] N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f — S I --------- S j 80 Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range2 $ S 5 S S 'i S S $ S s S s S S S % 90 100 no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 240 260 280 300 320 3^0 100 n o 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 24 9 260 280 300 329 340 360 14 10 6 1 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - * 1 * - * * * ** «* * * - * - _ * 6 6 - ~ 1 1 - - 1 1 - - * * 1 1 11 11 1 1 - - • - 3 2 1 1 3 3 • - 4 3 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 - • • - W _ • • ^ -» and u n d er 90 ALL WO RK ER S— CO NTINUED BO OK KE EP IN G- MA CH IN E OPERATORS. CLASS A -------------------------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG ------------ 72 62 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 1 4 1 .5 0 1 3 7 .5 0 $ 1 3 8 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 $ $ 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 5 0 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 4 0 .0 0 BOOKKE EP IN G- MA CH IN E OPERATORS. CLASS 8 -------------------------N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG ------------ 50 45 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 4 .0 0 1 1 2 .5 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 8 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 6 .5 0 b i l l e r s -------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG ------------ 77 60 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 4 3 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 1 2 9 .5 0 1 2 9 .5 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 3 8 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 -1 5 5 .5 0 PAYROLL CL ER KS -----------------M A N U FA CT UR IN G ---------------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG -----------PU BL IC U T IL IT IE S --- -----R E TA IL TRADE --------------- 215 104 111 26 40 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 1 6 0 .5 0 1 6 3 .0 0 1 5 8 .0 0 1 7 8 .5 0 1 5 7 .5 0 1 5 5 .5 0 1 5 3 .5 0 1 6 1 .5 0 1 8 9 .0 0 1 6 1 .5 0 1 3 1 .0 0 - 1 7 3 .So 1 3 0 .5 0 -1 7 9 .0 0 1 4 2 .0 0 -1 7 8 .5 0 1 6 5 .0 C - 1 9 5 .0 0 1 4 8 .5 0 -1 7 9 .5 0 KEYP UN CH OPERATORS. CLASS A --M A N U FA CT UR IN G --------— ----n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g — ---------f i n a n c e --------------------- 223 31 192 39 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 1 3 9 .5 0 1 6 4 .5 0 1 3 5 .5 0 1 1 6 .5 0 1 3 8 .0 0 1 6 2 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 1 1 1 .5 0 1 2 6 .0 0 -1 4 9 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 -1 7 3 .8 0 1 2 4 .5 0 -1 4 4 .5 0 9 8 .0 0 -1 2 6 .5 0 KEYP UN CH OPERATORS. CLASS 8 --M A N U FA CT UR IN G ---------------N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG -----------p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ---------WHOL ES AL E TRADE — — ----FI NA NC E --------------------- 649 84 565 114 66 202 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 6 2 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 6 2 .5 0 1 2 9 .0 0 1 1 1 .5 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 1 8 .0 0 1 5 3 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 0 9 .5 0 1 0 7 .5 0 -1 3 4 .0 0 1 3 0 .5 0 -2 2 4 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 -1 2 8 .0 0 1 2 6 .5 0 -1 9 5 .0 0 1 1 7 .0 0 -1 3 5 .0 0 1 0 3 .5 0 -1 1 8 .0 0 b i l l i n g -m a c h i n e - - - * * 10 10 * - 28 28 9 9 - 5 5 22 22 6 6 5 2 9 9 - - 1 1 - 13 - - - 8 30 24 15 10 - 10 10 1 - 1 - 1 16 7 9 20 15 5 34 27 7 4 1 17 1 16 1 5 22 32 11 21 3 10 19 9 10 2 1 14 2 12 2 9 15 3 12 11 1 51 1 - 2 - 1 * 1 1 2 * 3 2 1 - 1 - * 10 7 3 - 11 43 2 24 1 23 8 33 2 31 4 129 4 125 5 23 21 58 15 43 16 10 12 22 9 13 9 2 2 12 7 5 2 - 20 2 18 6 12 5 1 4 3 11 3 8 6 28 28 • - . - 1 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - • 1 1 1 - 1 - 11 - 23 - 11 11 3 3 3 23 10 47 1 46 62 5 57 1 39 140 3 137 14 8 67 124 9 115 13 10 56 * • - - 2 8 8 14 1 9 2 8 3 28 - - 26 26 • • * 1 12 12 12 • • • - 5 * ^ «• - - * - - - • - - • - - * _ • •r ' See fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le s . * T ab le A -2 . W e e k ly earnings of professional and technical w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Number Occupation and industry division of workers Average weekly hours1 [standard) S 100 Mean ^ Median * Middle ranged no 120 140 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— s $ S s S s S s s i S S S "5— 260 200 220 240 360 280 300 160 180 440 460 480 380 320 340 400 420 120 140 160 180 S s s and under 200 220 240 260 280 300 340 320 360 3B0 400 2 110 - 2 2 480 * “ *20 440 460 500 ALL WORKERS C O MP UT ER SY ST EM S AN ALYSTS (Bu s i n e s s ) v c l a s s a $ C O MP UT ER SY ST EM S ANALYSTS ( B US IN ES S)> CLASS B ---------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------C O MP UT ER P R O G RA MM ER S (BUSINESS). CLASS A ------------------------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------COMP UT ER P R OG RA MM ER S (BUSINESS). CLASS B ------------------------------N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG ----------------f i n a n c e -------------------------COMP UT ER P R OG RA MM ER S (BUSINESS), COMP UT ER OP ER AT OR S, CLASS A -------- $ $ 343.00 * 38 35 40.0 290.00 287.00 222.50-343.50 40.0 290.50 296.50 215.80-344.00 * * * 61 52 30 39.0 283.00 276.00 25 4.50-315.00 39.0 282.50 276.00 254.50-315.50 38.0 270.50 256.50 25 4.50-280.50 - - - 103 90 43 39.5 235.50 230.00 211.50-261.50 39.5 233.50 230.00 213.00-259.00 39.5 215.50 217.00 190.0C-230.00 • * - - 58 38.5 205.00 222.50 163.50-230.00 38.5 200.00 206*50 48 2 1 7 6 2 2 1 1 4 3 8 8 - - - 1 1 1 4 3 21 17 16 6 6 5 5 3 19 18 3 3 1 1 * 9 7 7 11 9 6 12 11 10 30 28 15 15 15 1 16 13 1 7 6 3 1 1 1 - 27 11 12 3 3 ii u 5 6 4 23 22 47 . * 33 26 72 145.00-203.00 220 192 . 5 5 * 38.5 184.50 175.00 5 5 3 73 “ 38^5 176.50 25 7 182.00 39*0 1 - - - - _ _ _ • 1 • - - • * • • - - - - 1 - - - • - - - - * * * - * * * 2 2 i 1 1 2 1 27 143.5C-1S9.00 _ 2 2 1 18 DRAFTERS. CLASS A -------------------M A N U FA CT UR IN G --------------------- 158 70 40.0 257.50 253.00 229.0C-274.50 40.0 276.50 265.50 236.50-328.00 DRAFTERS# CLASS B ---------- --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- ----------- 177 63 40.0 191.00 187.50 40.0 198.50 198.5° 172.50-200.00 179.00-205.50 - - - - * * • “ i 4 1 3 * M A N U FA CT UR IN G manufacturing S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le s . 6 3 3 4 * 15 3 39 12 29 9 31 9 9 7 3 3 65 15 62 25 27 13 14 6 2 1 • * 1 1 24 23 1 1 1 1 • • - - * * * * * . . . Table A -3 . A verage w ee k ly earnings of office, professional, and technical w o rkers, by sex. in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976 S ex , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Weekly hours 1 standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n OF FI CE O C CU PA TI ON S - MEN 82 76 34 38.5 38.5 38.0 41 41 41 Number of wodcen Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 [standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED $ M E S S E N G E R S --------------- --------------- A v ,r » | , (m ean *) Avera|e (m ean *) (m a n * ) Number of w oiken 122.00 120.00 107.00 $ $ ACCOUNTING CLERKS* CLASS B 136.50 ,^ ^ 204.50 204.50 204.50 , finance 39 39 '00 40.0 40.0 158.50 158.50 62 34 28 39.0 259.00 177.50 39.0 154.00 143.00 53 36 ,t 69 68 ^^ BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS. . ... __ BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS. If • 105*00 ___ in*, r- N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------_____ 11 45 _______ 58 40*0 _ ____ 147.00 « ___ .__ _. lj . 86 r ILL U L tK ri* L L A jj L - - 30 92 33 272 51 40.0 180.50 196.00 49 77 3 8 .0 158.00 45 228 wL A w j I ? 7 01 0 0 196.50 39.5 193.00 40.0 40.0 39.5 189.00 182.00 _ 223 no (0 e ^ 139.50 107.00 39 119.50 55 0 122.00 66 202 116.50 ??•? 77 ' __ r\t- r- - 40.0 30 4 finance ___ __ j _ 91 b t ' ' ' ' 1 1 AH l t v f 30. 40.0 39 J 122.50 33 OCCU PA TI ON S - MEN w 4 9 *9 v v M r —1 u K j Ij 1 ANML H d '^O 39 38.5 36 finance 70 0 40.0 123.50 121.50 FINANCC FINANCE 380 151 f LLtKIN5 w L Aw O B "• * 39.0 S4i - 79 463 A 158.00 136.50 263 CLERKS* CLASS A (BUSINESS), 47 169.50 156.50 (BUSINESS). l1* "O "" INAN C S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le s . 39.5 40.0 ACCOUNTING COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS UKU t“ 161.50 45 0 7 34 219.00 Table A -3 . A verage w e e k ly earnings of office, professional, and technical w o rkers, by sex. in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976— Continued Average (m ean 2 ) Average (m ean 2 ) S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS L U nr U 1 t K U' tK A 1 UK«IV o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ 1 8 1 ,0 0 1 6 6 .j O COMPUTER OPERATORS* CLASS 3 9 .0 C — 151 69 A ir 7 B * Average (m ean 2 ) S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly ^ (standard) PR OF E S S I O N A L ANO TE CH NI CA L OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED P R O F ES SI ON AL AND TE CHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED (BUSINESS), wL A d o Sex, Number of woikeis $ $ 1 2 7 .5 0 2 5 9 .0 0 2 7 7 .0 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL 194*00 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS 151 3 9 .0 1 6 3 .5 0 170 4 0 .0 34 4 0 .0 1 6 7 .0 0 no 4 0 .0 1 9 2 .0 0 1 9 9 .5 0 1 8 7 .5 0 27 COMPUTER OPERATORS. REGISTERED See footnotes at end of tables. 8 (BUSINESS). 3 9 .0 1 9 1 .0 0 44 40*0 210*00 C L A S S C --------- -— I N D U S T R I A L N U R S E S -------------- Table A -4 . H ourly earnings of m a in te n a n ce, toolroom , and p o w erp lan t w orkers in B irm in g h am , A la ., M arch 1976 Hourly earnings N u m b e r of workers rec eiving straight-time hourly earnings of-- 4 $ 3.00 3.00 - S 2.80 O cc u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n workers M ean 2 M edian2 Middle range 2 3.20 S 3.40 S 3.60 $ S 3.80 4.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 • * 6 6 - - - * - . . - • * - - 6 6 * - 1 1 S $ 4.60 s 4 .80 $ 5.00 $ 5.20 S 5.40 s 5.60 $ 5.80 i 6.00 6.20 s 6.60 S 7 .00 S 7. 40 j 7.80 4.60 4,8? 5 • 90 5 . 2 0 5.40 5.60 5.80 6.00 6,2(1 6 . 6 0 7.00 7 • 40 7 , 8* 8.20 over - 3 3 - 13 13 5 5 - 1 1 8 - 8 3 3 6 5 7 6 12 11 19 18 9 9 - 11 11 11 1 10 17 17 - 43 43 - 46 46 * 32 32 - 40 40 - 26 26 - 70 62 16 5 145 20 53 51 2 239 23 9 T 59 58 1 30 30 - • _ 1 2 5 4 9 8 1 - 3 3 5 S $ 4.20 4.40 S ~s— 8.20 and under ALL WORKERS $ 7.46 7.46 MA IN TE NA NC E CA RP EN TE RS -----------M A N U FA CT UR IN G ------------------- 92 88 $ 6.35 6.32 $ 6.72 6.53 $ 5.235.19- MA IN TE NA NC E EL EC TR IC IA NS ---------MA NU FA CT UR IN G ----- ------------N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG ---------------- 859 818 41 6.77 6.79 6.39 6.84 6.93 6.79 5 . 9 5 - 7. 70 5 . 9 5 - 7 . 71 6 . 3 3 - 6 . 91 MAINTE NA NC E P A I N T E R S -------------- MA NU FA CT UR IN G ------------------- 42 33 5.87 5.90 5.94 5.94 5.52- 6.47 5.77- 6.52 MA IN TE NA NC E M A C H I N I S T S -----------M A N U FA CT UR IN G ------------------- 438 436 6.66 6.66 6.95 6.95 5.625.62- M A I N TE NA NC E M E CH AN IC S (MACHINERY) M A NU FA CT UR IN G ------------------- 98 1 942 6.52 6.51 6.81 6.69 M A I N TE NA NC E ME CHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) M A NU FA CT UR IN G ----N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG — P U BL IC UT ILITIES 414 141 273 204 5.34 5.61 5.21 5.32 M I L L W R I G H T S --- -------- — ----------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------- 243 243 MA IN TE NA NC E TRADES HELPERS ------M A NU FA CT UR IN G --- --- --- --------- • - - • • - - - 2 2 - 8 8 - 1 1 - 3 3 «. * • . - - * - 3 3 7.80 7 . 80 • - - • - - * * - 3 3 * 5.625.62- 7.42 7.48 • • • • _ - * * * “ 5.31 5.63 5.00 5.00 4.354.784.354.35- 6.53 6.67 6 . 40 6.53 - " “ 17 6 11 * 6.17 6.17 6.24 6.24 5.455.45- 6.83 6.83 - . . * 319 28 7 5.35 5.49 5.70 5.89 4.404.93- 6.11 6.32 1 * 3 3 - MA CH IN E- TO OL O P ER AT OR S (TOOLROOM) M A NU FA CT UR IN G ---------------- --- 87 87 5.85 5.85 5.08 5.08 4.774.77- 6.23 6.23 . - * * TOOL AND DIE MA KE RS ---------------M A NU FA CT UR IN G ------------------- 121 105 6.11 6.13 6.35 6.35 5.405.40- 6 . 41 6 . 41 * * 81 6.66 6.43 6.29- 6.83 * * ST AT IO NA RY E N GI NE ER S -------------- - 8 8 6 5 - - - 4 4 30 30 3 3 2 2 25 25 12 12 22 22 an 20 21 21 3 3 63 63 43 41 8 8 151 151 5 S 23 23 * 3 3 9 9 27 27 27 27 16 16 63 59 1 1 74 74 59 59 32 32 47 47 106 100 170 141 70 70 19 3 19 3 66 66 18 18 24 14 10 8 7 7 * 15 15 12 56 2 54 52 8 27 21 6 4 6 2 4 - 41 41 32 14 7 7 - 18 13 5 4 56 23 33 a6 9 8 1 1 45 29 16 12 m m 3 2 1 - 31 8 23 21 - 1 - 36 5 31 29 - • • - “ “ 56 56 - * “ “ 3 3 2 2 - 28 28 - - 84 84 17 17 12 12 41 41 - - 5 5 6 6 1 * 24 16 17 10 7 * 15 15 - * 34 26 * 30 30 a 11 11 56 56 25 25 63 63 13 13 - - — - - - - . * * * 1 1 12 12 11 11 2 2 24 24 * 8 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 5 * 1 1 5 4 4 - - 8 8 * 5 * 18 18 * 9 9 3 6 6 4 4 51 43 3 1 1 * 6 6 3 * 16 IS - * ” 1 1 * 1 * - - 1 8 35 22 4 * - * See footnotes at end of tables. l 9 • * 1 - 8 4 . • 8 - m - - - 7 T ab le A -5 . Hourly earnings o f m aterial m ovem ent and custodial w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Hourly earnings 4 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f— S Middle range 2 S T S S 4 . 2 0 4 .40 4 . 6 0 s S 3.20 5 I S 3.60 3.80 4.00 s 2 .60 2 .80 S 3.40 S 2.40 $ 3.00 $ 2.20 Mean 2 Median 2 $ 4 .80 5.00 5.20 5.60 S 6 .00 6 . 4 0 * 6.80 2.40 O cc u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers 2.60 2 *30 3 ,00 3.20 3,40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4 . 4 0 4 .60 4 . 8 0 5 .00 S . 2 Q 5 . 6 0 6.00 6,40 6.80 7 ,20 7, 60 8 . 0 0 47 17 3 76 26 50 46 12 34 74 63 12 51 53 7 46 11 3 24 89 56 24 32 $ i $ 7. 20 1 --------1 -----7 . 6 0 8^*00 and u n d er and over ALL WO RK ER S 2.316 478 1.B38 1.018 553 19 2 $ 4.31 4.34 4.30 4.80 3.67 3.42 $ 3.51 3.87 3.50 3.50 3.31 2.88 $ 3.453.503.453.502.602.40- $ 5.65 4.97 5.65 6.82 4.04 4.30 TRUC KD RI VE RS . LI 6H T TRUCK MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----- N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------w h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------RE TA IL TRADE --- 298 55 243 19 5 31 3.62 4.33 3.46 3.63 2.80 3.76 3.51 3.76 3.85 3.00 2.993.202.803.302.20- TR UC KD RI VE RS . M E DI UM TR UC K M A NU FA CT UR IN G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------WHOL ES AL E TRADE ---------R E TA IL TRADE — ------------ 748 131 617 258 121 4.23 4.23 4.24 2.93 3.25 TR UCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (TRAILER) -------------- ----m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------— n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------PU BL IC U T IL IT IE S --------WHOL ES AL E TRADE ---------- 517 67 450 316 94 4.41 4.15 4.45 4.10 5.63 T R U C K D R I V E R S ------- — MA N U F A C T U R I N G --- --NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G — PU B L I C U T IL IT IE S ---WHOL ES AL E TRADE — RE TA IL TRADE - - - — - - 10 37 12 8 39 21 20 34 - 68 6 18 33 78 0 17 4 606 60 0 3 2 3.85 5.69 3.85 3.85 3.34 20 13 28 7 - 21 f • 9 20 10 10 13 3 28 18 1 12 12 25 10 15 11 10 1 - - 3.54 4.63 3.25 2.86 2.50 2.61- 5.65 3.40- 4.97 2.40- 6.05 2.40- 3.12 2.40- 3.25 27 160 47 26 21 3 18 22 3.87 4.02 3.50 3.50 6.47 3.503.923.453.454.12- 5.65 4.24 5.65 3.50 6.64 • - 47 17 3 - 27 - 27 4 - 160 12 5 35 - - 22 22 “ - • - - 1 - - 7 6 1 66 - 66 62 4 - 2 34 18 16 22 18 4 3 1 24 1 2 - - 1 2 - - 57 14 43 - - - - 42 3 89 * 31 1 15 28 43 81 3 _ • - 19 IS 4 1 40 20 20 32 32 69 10 59 10 8 2 2 13 8 37 101 93 8 - 20 - 3 - - 1 - - 5 5 20 20 20 — - • - 21 21 - • - 20 20 32 32 59 “ - 59 10 8 2 45 4 41 - - - - 43 42 81 81 3 3 8 6 2 1 - 11 z 4 3 1 • 14 6 8 8 - * 1 9 8 1 - 2 * * 2 1 1 18 18 - - - 52 24 28 28 • - - - • • 14 51 - — 1 • • • • " - 7 12 - - , - • - • - • - - - 147 4 14 3 - _ - * 7 15 1 14 10 8 57 51 334 5 329 322 12 1 12 1 • - 15 36 1 1 • - 74 - 241 240 - 46 12 34 7 1 7 3 - - - 1 - 10 - 9 9 9 * * - a - 8 ■ *a • - 5 5 . 57 5 48 24 4 1 - - - 57 52 5 S 5 48 24 24 4 1 - - “ - 48 ’ TR UC KO RI VE RS . HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAILER) ) M A NU FA CT UR IN G ----- --------- 166 3.73 3.55 3.50- SHIP PI NG CLERKS ---------------M A N U FA CT UR IN G --------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- 88 54 34 4.84 5.77 3.35 4.00 6.09 3.45 3.444.192.75- 6.85 7.00 3.72 R E CE IV IN G CL ER KS ------------- — M A N U FA CT UR IN G -------— NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------WHOL ES AL E TRADE ---------RE TA IL TRADE -------- ----- 138 54 84 42 42 4.00 4.85 3.45 3.54 3.36 4.20 5.05 3.02 3.07 2.97 2.974.252.782.782.76- 5.04 5.12 4.32 4.32 3.84 SHIP PI NG AND R E CE IV IN G CL ER KS M A N U FA CT UR IN G --------------- 50 48 6.18 6.26 6.22 6.35 5.27- 7.28 5.27- 7.28 W A R E HO US EM EN -------- -------- --M A NU FA CT UR IN G --------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G — — — — WHOLESALE TRADE ---------RETAIL TRADE -------------- 288 56 232 103 90 4.02 4.36 3.94 3.40 3.56 3.71 4.24 3.55 3 . 71 3.00 2.854.142.752.302.90- 4.82 4.24 4.82 3 . 71 3.55 ORDER FI LL ER S -----------------M A NU FA CT UR IN G --------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ---------- 725 34 69 1 594 3.23 3.70 3.20 3.06 3.07 2.60 3.08 2.90 2.402.442.402.40- 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.69 3.55 - • - - . - - 13 13 * 5 * 5 3 2 19 19 - 1 3 14 9 3 10 11 13 12 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 - - - . - 10 10 5 5 9 9 • - 6 6 8 8 1 1 7 • - •m - • - _ • - 1 1 - 1 1 - . - - 1 40 30 10 10 - - 26 • 26 26 6 - 31 - 3 40 6 6 31 2 9 15 6 9 9 22 22 44 - - . - 10 9 37 1 36 36 - 27 27 22 23 23 23 53 53 48 16 2 8 15 4 15 4 19 10 10 10 - * - S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b l e s . 1 • 1 1 3 44 44 1 1 23 20 3 - 9 2 2 “ "" . • * 47 47 37 6 3 3 - - _ 9 * 2 2 * 1 - 5 - * 83 9 74 69 2 2 5 - - 9 - 1 1 * 2 - 206 206 206 - 5 5 2 1 1 1 * - - IS 15 * 2 • 2 2 - 10 - 3 3 3 _ 3 - 2 2 * - - 29 6 23 22 - 2 2 • 4 * 5 16 12 4 4 * 3 5 2 2 - - - 4 4 * 3 18 7 11 15 5 2 2 - 4 14 6 “ * - - 8 - 10 - 1 1 1 - - - • - - - 21 7 14 10 3 4 2 1 1 3 ‘ - - - 3 - 1 3 7 6 _ . 10 - 3 - 3 - 13 1 - 10 - 2 1 * 1 - 40 3 3 - 2 • 2 1 1 • - 7 7 • 9 9 2 • 39 • 39 - 9 9 • - • 10 — 4 4 _ - - 1 1 Table A -5 . H ourly earnings of m a te ria l m ovem ent and custodial w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1 9 7 6 — Continued Hourly earnings * T O cc u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n workers s 1 -----"5-----1 --- -T 2 . 2 0 2 . * 0 2 . 6 0 2 .80 3. 00 3 . 2 0 Number Mean 2 M edian2 Middle range 2 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings o f — 5 ) 1 s 5 s > 1 9 S S S S S S S * $ 3 3 . * 0 3 . 6 0 3 . 8 0 * .00 * .20 * . * 0 * . 6 0 * . 8 0 5 . 0 0 5 . 2 0 5 . 6 0 6. 00 6 . * 0 6 .80 7 . 20 7 . 6 0 8 . 0 0 and under 2.*0 au 2.60 2.80 3 .0? 20 18 18 8 * — 5 20 10 * * 5 * • - 13 5 80 55 *9 6 22 8 1* 10 2 8* 3 81 64 7 52 *8 * * * 118 32 86 9 76 1 * * 25 * 25 25 26 26 - 61 61 - 88 *9 39 39 22 19 3 3 *7 20 27 27 3. 20 3 . * 0 3.60 3.80 * . 0 0 * .2 0 * . * 0 *.60 *.80 5.00 5.20 5.60 *.00 1 1 6 6 10 10 • 2 2 28 28 * * * - - 2 1 1 1 * 5 5 31 30 1 1 - 7.20 7 . 60 8 «oo over 8 8 * • 7 7 * 6»*0 *.80 •* * * — . 9 9 —• - 3 3 • • - - - ALL W O RK ER S— CONT IN UE D $ 2#3 98 19 5 66 $ *.33 5.60 3.1* 3.18 3.89 5.80 2.90 2.88 $ $ 2.86- 5.80 *.51- 6«03 2.72- 3.89 2 . 5 8 - 3.891 1.35* *35 919 17 5 38* 3* 8 3.** *.05 3.15 *.59 2.80 2.80 2.88 3.*3 2.58 5.55 2.56 2.58 2.572.952.*03.3*2.*02.58- 3.7* 5.*9 3.62 5.55 2.88 2.58 115 *2 73 *27 18 *09 3 70 19 5 21* 85 35 50 *8 2 FORK LI FT OPER AT OR S -------M A N U FA CT UR IN G --- — N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG --------------WH OLESALE TRADE -------------- 96* 739 225 138 *.08 *.32 3.32 3.26 3.73 *.21 3.16 3.*3 3.023.182.752.*0- *.68 5.03 *.03 3.69 • - 86 *6 *0 *0 13 8 88 50 - 7 7 - 80 51 29 29 GU AR DS AND WATC HM EN --------------MA NU FA CT UR IN G -----------------NO NM ANUFACTURINGS 1.026 12 6 2.66 *.06 2.31 *.19 2.313.00- 2.33 5.05 77 0 10 16 35 10 28 10 22 6 17 * 8 6 16 * * 7 1 39 32 56 3.62 3.*0 3. 05- *.21 - 1 3 7 12 5 2 * * * * 91 * .* 9 *.72 4 .1 4 - 2.277 33* 1.9*3 95 82 271 165 2.65 3.75 2.*6 3. 51 2 . 81 2.58 2.62 2.30 3.53 2.30 3.09 2.75 2.*0 2.61 2 . 3 0 - 2 . 60 2.75- *.67 2 . 3 0 - 2 . *0 2 . 7 5 - * . 21 2 . * 0 - 3. 10 2.30- 2.55 2.30- 2.85 SH IPPING PA CK ER S ----------MA NU FA CT UR IN G ---------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------WHOL ES AL E t r a d e material handling laborers manufacturing — ---- — nonmanufacturing PU BL IC u t i l i t i e s ---wholesale trade — — RE TA IL TRADE --------- GUARDSS MA NU FA CT UR IN G -----------------JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEA NE RS M A N U FA CT UR IN G --- --------------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG — — ---- ---PU BL IC UTIL IT IE S --- --------WHOL ES AL E TRADE -------------RE TA IL TRADE ----------------F I NA NC E ----------------------- 5.05 10 — 10 6 - - - 1 * 18 37 1381 5 6 126 60 11 •• 11 11 - 275 3* 2*1 * 33 81 19 - - 11 5 20 95 22 3 11 35 6 - 90 20 70 6 13 8 3* 67 3 6* 2* 10 u 11 See fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b l e s . 11 • * - 53 37 16 2 6 2 3 6 51 23 28 * * 18 2 26 16 10 * 2* -■ 2* 2* * - 11 8 3 3 30 17 13 — — 13 * - 99 72 27 27 17 10 87 87 6 6 7 6 * * 15 12 * 3 6 3 - - 1 32 - - 12 * 21 15 6 9 11 11 16 7 - 9 - 7 8 - 2 - 1 1 1 6 - - 32 32 • — - 27 26 1 — • 1 16 10 6 6 10 10 • • - 12 2 22 100 96 3 1 21 21 6 6 28 28 20 20 69 69 2* 2* 22 22 7 7 7 7 - - - 1 - 56 *6 10 1 7 2 1 3 1 12 12 9 3 _ 22 2 7 2* 2* 36 3* 2 2 17 11 6 6 - a * 22 22 • 9 9 • - . - * * * - 5 2 3 3 - - - . • • - - - • - - - - T a b le A -6 . A verage hourly earnings of m aintenance, to o lro o m , p o w erp lan t, m a te ria l m ovem ent. and custodial workers, by sex, in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976 S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n Number of workers Average (m ean2 ) hourly earnings4 ma in ten anc e, to ol roo m, and P O WE RP LA NT OC CU PA TI ON S - MEN Number of woikeis Average (m ean 2 ) hourly earnings4 859 ""* TRUCKDRlVERS 6.77 33 5.90 TR UCKDRIVERSt LIGHT TRUCK --------HANUr Aw 1UKll'v * * " 295 2*86 3.46 3.63 2.80 9fil — 414 141 273 5.34 5.61 5.21 243 MA N U F A C T U R I N G — — — M I LL WR IG HT S — * 6.17 6.17 4*23 258 121 r« -% 2.93 3.25 — — — * TOOL AND DIE MA KE RS — (TOOLROOM) - — — 1KA Ut " 1 ■■■■■ J '1 4.15 450 316 94 4.45 4.10 5.63 166 3.73 TRUCKDRIVERS* HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN T R A I L E R ) : 2.69 oc r 4.49 JANITORS, PORTERS. AND C L EA NE RS — 5.35 5.49 71 47 5.23 6.05 87 87 5.85 5.85 4 10 4le7 3.54 121 105 6.11 6.13 12 5 53 72 42 50 6. 18 279 53 226 97 4.00 4.22 3.95 3.38 81 6 . 6 6 SHIPPING AND R E CE IV IN G CL ER KS WA RE HOUSEMEN MATE RI AL m o v e m e n t AND CUST OD IA L O C CU PA TI ON S - MEN 2.48 3*62 GUARDS 1 319 287 M A C H IN E- TO OL O P ER AT OR S N u T AIL TR UCKDRIVERS, HEAVY TRUCK 67 M A IN TE NA NC E ME CHANICS "AliUr AL 1U K I “b TRUCKDRIVERSt ME DI UM TRUCK — 0*00 6.66 (H Aw ni Nt KT1 Average (m ean 2 ) hourly earning! 4 $ 131 MAIN 1cNANCt ntwH AN lL b Number of workers C L N 1 1NUED 24 0 192 31 M A IN TE NA NC E MACHIN IS TS S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n M A TE RI AL M O VE ME NT AND C U ST OD IA L O C CU PA TI ON S - M E N — C O NT IN UE D MATE RI AL M O VE ME NT a n d CUST OD IA L OC CU PA TI ON S - ME N — C O NT IN UE D $ M A IN TE NA NC E EL EC TR IC IA NS S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n — — ------------------------------------ 1,542 2.77 2.63 MA TE R I A L MOVE ME NT a n d c u s t o d i a l O C CU PA TI ON S - WOMEN 3*27 3.27 3.27 4 30 H A N U r A v 1U K i ™ w WHULLb n t 1A I L " ALL 1KAUL |K A U t "w**~*“" 478 1,827 1,010 55 0 192 4.29 4.78 3.67 3 2*1 34 578 See footnotes at end of tables. 12 JO 1 ' 2.40 2.52 2.39 2.40 2.61 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for employment shifts, in Birmingham, Ala., for selected periods I n d u s try and o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p (m e n and w o m e n co m b in e d ) M a r c h 1972 to M a r c h 1973 M a r c h 1973 to M a r c h 1974 M a r c h 1974 to M a r c h 1975 M a r c h 1975 to M a r c h 1976 A l l in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l __________________________________________ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g __________________________ In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s _____________________________ ____ __ S k ille d m a in te n a n ce t r a d e s * * _______________________ U n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s * * __________________ — __ __ 6 .3 * 7 .8 5.1 7 .0 7 .2 * 5.6 7 .7 6 .6 9.6 8.9 10.3 14.1 14.3 9 .3 9.6 7 .4 8.1 9.2 M a n u fa c tu r in g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l _____________________________________ ____ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g ___________ ____ __________ I n d u s tria l n u r s e s ______________________________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s * * _______________________ U n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s * * __________________________ 5 .6 * 8 .5 5 .0 6 .8 * * 4 .9 7 .5 7 .4 *** *** 10.6 14.8 14.9 10.1 *** 7 .4 8.2 9 .9 N on m a n u fa c tu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ______________________________ ___________ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g ____________________ ______ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s _________________________________ __ S k ille d m a in te n a n ce t r a d e s * * _______________________ U n sk ille d pla n t w o r k e r s * * __________________________ 6 .6 * * *** 6 .8 7 .6 * * *** 5 .8 9.3 8.3 *** ♦ ♦♦ 14.5 9 .0 9 .9 *** *** 9 .0 * ** *** D ata not a v a ila b le . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s fo r p e r io d s en d in g p r io r to D ata do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . 1976 r e la t e to m e n o n ly . 13 B. E s ta b lis h m en t practices and su p p lem en tary w a g e provisions Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976 Inexperienced typists M a n u fa ctu r in g M in im u m w e e k ly s t r a i g h t - t im e s a l a r y 4 A ll in d u s t r ie s 40 7 7 • - E ST A B L ISH M E N T S HA VIN G A S P E C I F IE D MINIMUM ------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 5 2 - 1 - 1 - $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 5 .0 0 $ 1 3 0 .0 0 $ 1 3 5 .0 0 $ 1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 4 5 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 5 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 5 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 5 .0 0 $ 1 8 0 .0 0 $ 1 8 5 .0 0 $ 1 9 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 5 .0 0 $ 2 0 0 .0 0 $ 2 0 5 .0 0 $ 2 1 0 .0 0 $ 2 1 5 .0 0 $ 2 2 0 .0 0 $ 2 2 5 .0 0 $ 2 3 0 .0 0 $ 2 3 5 .0 0 AND AND AND AND UNDER $ 9 2 . 5 0 -----------------------UNDER $ 9 5 . 0 0 -----------------------UNDER $ 9 7 . 5 0 -----------------------UNDER $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 ---------------------- AND UNDER AND UNDER AND U N D ER and UNDER UNDER UNOER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNOER UNDER UNDER AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND ANO AND AND AND AND $ 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 5 .0 0 $ 1 3 0 .0 0 $ 1 3 5 .0 0 $ 1 4 0 .0 0 S 1 A 5 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 5 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 5 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 5 .0 0 $ 1 8 0 .0 0 $ 1 8 5 .0 0 $ 1 9 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 5 .0 0 $ 2 0 0 .0 0 $ 2 0 5 .0 0 $ 2 1 0 .0 0 $ 2 1 5 .0 0 $ 2 2 0 .0 0 $ 2 2 5 .0 0 $ 2 3 0 .0 0 $ 2 3 5 .0 0 $ 2 4 0 .0 0 --------- ---------------— ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— ------------ 55 1 7 4 i i i i - * 2 2 1 • - • 1 - 2 2 1 1 - * - • EST A B L ISH M E N T S HAVING NO S P E C I F IE D M IN IM U M ----------------------- ---------- ------------------- — 38 EST A B L ISH M E N T S WHICH D ID NOT EMPLOY WORKERS IN T H IS CATEGORY --------------------- 113 ----------------— — — 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 40 3 7V 2 XXX 179 55 XXX 119 XXX XXX 16 9 41 12 11 29 20 6 5 1 “ 1 5 - 9 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 - 7 1 3 1 5 - 2 1 - 5 2 - 3 1 - 6 1 1 1 1 1 - 5 2 4 3 - 3 2 4 3 - * 1 * 1 3 6 3 1 1 1 “ - * - - - 2 - 1 1 2 “ 1 1 - - - - * * * 1 1 * * 14 XXX 24 XXX 78 23 34 XX X 79 XXX 55 20 14 1 • • - 2 - * S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le s . N on m a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d on s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 6 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 119 174 S 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 2 .5 0 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ 9 7 .5 0 A ll s c h e d u le s XXX -------------- ----------- ST U D IE D A ll in d u s t r ie s B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 6 o f ----A ll s c h e d u le s EST A B L ISH M E N T S Other inexperienced clerical workers 5 M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g - 1 1 - - 1 1 1 • - - 1 1 1 XXX 55 XXX XXX XXX 35 XXX XXX - Table B-2. Late shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1976 (All full-time m a n u f acturing plant w o r k e rs = 100 percent) A U workers 7 W o r k e r s on late shifts Item Second shift Third shift Second shift Third shift B8.6 79.6 19.7 8.3 5.5 83.1. 80.2 2.9 - 3.7 76.0 68.3 7.6 .9 18.8 17.9 1.0 - .7 7.6 7.2 .3 14.6 3.0 21.3 - 14.8 3.0 23.6 - 1.8 3.2 1.1 8.5 2.9 13.3 6.5 1.4 1.1 6.6 30.4 1.5 .3 1.8 1.8 1.1 2.3 • 2.2 7.8 1.0 10.9 1.4 9.3 .4 .2 .2 1.9 .8 3.0 1.7 .3 .1 1.4 7.1 .5 <9) .2 - • .1 • • .3 .6 .1 .7 .2 1.1 (9) 3.9 .2 - PE RC EN T OF WORKERS IN E S T A BL IS HM EN TS w i t h l a t e s h i f t p r o v i s i o n s ----WITH NO PAY DI FF ER EN TI AL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK ----WITH PAY DI FF ER EN TI AL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK --------U N IF OR M CE NT S- PE R- HO UR DIFFER EN TI AL -------------U N IF OR M PERC EN TA GE DI FF ER EN TI AL ------------------OT HE R DI FF ER EN TI AL ---------------------------------AVERAGE PAY DIFFER EN TI AL UN IF OR M CE NT S- PE R- HO UR DIFFER EN TI AL ---------------UN IF OR M PERC EN TA GE DI FF ERENTIAL --------------------PE RC EN T OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND AMOUNT OF PAY DI FF ER EN TI AL UN IF OR M C E NT S- PE R- HO UR * A CENTS -------------------------------------------6 CENTS -------------------------------------------7 CENTS -------------------------------------------8 AND UNDER 9 C E N T S ----- --- -— ---- — --- -----9 CENTS 10 C E N T S --------- ------------- — - — -------- — --12 C E N T S --------------- --------------------------13 ANU UNDER 14 CENTS --------------------------15 CENTS ------------------------------------------16 CENTS ------------------------------------------20 CENTS ------------------------------------------21 CENTS ------------------------------------------25 CENTS ------------------------------------------27 CENTS ------------------------------------------30 CENTS ------------------------------------------32 CENTS ------------------------------------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE! 3 PERCENT — ------------------------------------- — - - .6 . > 28.7 1.5 2.9 - 1.0 - 2. 9 4. 7 - - OTHER DIFFERENTIAL! FULL DAY'S PAY FOR RE DU CE D HO U R S--------------FULL DAY'S PAY FDR REDUCt'0 HOURS PLUS CENTS — See footnotes at end of tables. 15 .3 Table B -3 . Scheduled w e e k ly hours and days of fu ll-tim e firs t-s h ift w o rkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Plant workers Item All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Office workers Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade All industries loo 100 Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance loo loo 100 100 100 PE RC EN T OF WO RK ER S BY SC HE DU LE D WEEKLY nOURS AND DAYS 42 42 44 45 46 40 50 100 HO UR S- 5 DAYS ----------------------HO UR S- 5 DAYS -----------------------HO UR S- 5 DAYS ----------------------HO UR S- 4 DAYS -----------------------1/2 HO UR S- 5 DAYS ------------------HO UR S- 5 DAYS ----------------------HO UR S- 6 DAYS -----------------------1/4 HO UR S- 5 DAYS ------------------1/2 HO UR S- 5 D A Y S ----- ------------HO UR S— 5 DAYS ---- ------------------3/4 HO UR S- 5 D A Y S ----- ------------HOURS -------------------------------4 DAYS ------------------------------5 DAYS ------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS -------------------------6 DAYS ------------------------------HO UR S- 6 D A Y S ----------------------1/2 HO UR S- 5 DAYS — - — ------------HOURS -------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS -------------------------7 d a y s ------------------------------HOURS -------------------------------5 d a y s ------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS -------------------------HOURS-6 DAYS -----------------------HO UR S- 6 DAYS -----------------------HO UR S- 5 DAYS ------------------------ (10) 1 1 1 (10) 1 (10) 87 1 85 1 1 (10) (10) 1 (10) (10) 3 3 (10) (10) 2 (10) 100 _ 1 2 95 (10) 94 2 2 - loo loo 100 1 3 2 (10) 3 2 1 76 1 72 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 4 83 _ 87 83 - 87 - - - i - i 4 (10) o o ALL FULL -T IM E WORKERS ------------20 25 26 32 32 35 36 36 37 38 38 40 39.7 6 (10) 6 4 2 74 3 65 3 3 2 5 5 - 2 d 4 4 - 9 1 loo 5 7 4 3 1 (10) 5 17 (10) 6 70 - - - - - 70 (10) - 3 97 97 - - _ 1 (10) 6 20 (10) 8 64 64 (10) - - _ - - - - 43 4 53 53 . • - 2 98 98 - - - • - 5 2 3 90 90 1 - . 1 15 16 17 51 51 - - - - - - - - (10) (10) - (lo> - - - - - - - - - - - • - 40.5 38.9 39.3 39.9 39.1 38.9 39.9 39.7 38.8 - A V E R a u E SC HE DU LE D weekly hours ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHE DU LE S ----------- 39.8 41.1 S e e fo o t n o t e at end o f t a b le s . 16 T ab le B -4 . A nnual paid holidays for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Plant workers Item Office workers All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade All industries 100 100 100 100 100 loo 100 Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilitie s Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance .. 100 100 loo 100 100 100 PERCENT OE WORKERS ALL FULL -T IM E WORKERS ------------IN ESTA BL IS HM EN TS NOT PROV lO IN G PAID HO LIDAYS ----------------------IN e s t a b l i s h m e n t s PR OV ID IN G PAID HOLI DA YS ----------------------- 6 - 15 - - 20 (10) . (10> _ - - . 94 100 85 loo 100 80 99 100 99 100 100 100 100 7.7 8.3 6.8 a.3 7.6 5.6 7.4 8.3 7.2 8.1 7.2 6.7 7.0 1 9 11 3 4 8 38 22 3 1 3 1 26 1 11 13 (10) 2 10 11 5 1 2 12 - . 9 7 22 21 3 4 10 6 5 5 9 6 38 13 15 3 1 4 * (10) 22 1 9 1 (10> 7 1 <10> (10) 30 4 17 7 1 1 (10) 8 _ 11 7 . 4 • 5 7 36 22 1 1 (10) 25 1 9 - 13 (10) 7 1 (10) (10 > 36 3 13 3 (10) 1 7 14 24 2 23 8 4 2 6 4 6 39 7 9 2 33 10 • - 32 10 3 • 35 7 12 1 100 100 100 91 84 62 62 41 38 25 25 19 14 9 80 74 74 36 36 23 23 99 99 99 78 77 68 66 60 59 29 26 8 1 1 100 100 99 92 92 81 75 71 71 66 60 24 2 1 99 99 99 75 73 64 64 57 56 20 17 4 1 1 100 100 100 93 79 55 55 30 22 18 18 16 10 6 100 100 100 61 61 54 54 45 45 10 10 100 100 100 68 AVERAGE NU MB tR OF PAID HO LIDAYS FOR WORKERS IN ES TA BL IS HM EN TS PROV ID IN G HO LIDAYS ----------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY NUMBER OF PAID HO LIDAYS PR OVIDED 2 HOLI DA YS ----------------------------A HO LIDAYS ----------------------------5 HO LIDAYS ----------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY -------------------6 HOLI DA YS ----------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY -------------------PL US 2 HALF DAYS -----------------7 HO LIDAYS ----------------------------PLUS 1 HALF OAY -------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS ------------------PLUS 3 HALF DAYS ------------------8 H O LI DA YS ---------- -----------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY -------------------9 HOLI DA YS ----------------------------10 HOLI DA YS ---------------------------11 HO LIDAYS ---------------------------12 H O LI DA YS ---------------------------- 1 1 lb 1 11 2 n a (10) l 9 27 lb 2 1 4 29 35 20 - _ 2 . 1 . - 48 25 11 - _ PE RC EN T OF WO RK ER S BY TOTAL PAID HO LI DA Y TIME P R O V I D E D 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------DAYS OR MORE ------------------------DAYS OR MORE ------------------------1/2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------DAYS OR MORE ------------------------1/2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------DAYS OR MORE ------------------------1/2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------8 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------8 1/2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------9 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------10 DAYS OR M O R E --------------- -------11 DAYS OR MORE -----------------------12 DAYS --------------------------------- 94 93 91 7S 7S 64 62 54 54 45 45 18 3 1 100 100 99 90 90 79 75 72 72 64 64 25 4 1 85 82 81 56 54 44 44 31 30 18 18 8 2 2 lo o 100 100 88 08 88 88 84 84 55 55 20 8 8 4 4 - S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le s . 17 100 100 100 87 87 86 86 85 85 36 36 11 - - 68 58 58 56 56 21 13 1 1 1 Tab le B -5 . Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Plant workers Item Office workers All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilitie s Wholesale trade Retail trade All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilitie 8 Wholesale trade ALL F U LL -T IM E WO RK ER S ------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 IN E S TA BL IS HM EN TS NOT P R OV ID IN G PAID VACA TI ON S ---------------------IN E S T A BL IS HM EN TS P R OV ID IN G PAID V A CA TI ON S ---------------------L E NG TH -O F- Tl ME PA YM EN T ----------P E R C EN TA GE P A YM EN T ---------------OT HE R PA YM EN T ---------------------- 2 - 4 - - (10) (10) - (lo) - - - - 98 86 10 2 100 82 16 2 96 91 3 3 100 99 (10) - 100 100 - 99 89 5 5 99 99 (10) - 100 99 (10) “ 99 99 * 100 100 - 100 100 • 100 100 • 100 100 • 6 M O NT HS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 WEEK --------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UN O E R 2 WEEKS ------- 7 18 (10) 5 16 - 9 22 (10) 4 28 1 23 15 22 * 5 53 6 7 56 3 A 53 7 52 6 13 1A 13 81 12 1 YEAR OF SERVICE: UN DE R 1 WEEK --------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UN OE R 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WEEKS --------------------------- 2 76 2 la 1 2 85 3 9 2 1 6A 1 30 (10) (10) AS 5 A9 - 75 25 - 3 73 2A - (10) 31 (10) 67 (10) 1 (10) 39 2 56 2 1 “ 30 29 70 71 - 71 29 “ 78 • 22 “ 99 * 1 2 YEARS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 WEEK --------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UN DE R 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WE EK S --------------------------- 1 51 4 A1 (10) 1 2 65 7 25 2 32 63 1 (10) 21 7A 5 * 36 6A - AO 60 - (10) 11 1 86 (10) 1 (10) 21 5 70 2 1 3 YEARS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 WEEK --------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WE EK S ------2 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 W E E K S -------- --- --------------- 1 17 3 73 2 2 2 15 5 72 3 A 19 76 1 (10) 9 86 5 * 16 8A * 28 72 “ (10) 3 1 95 (10) 1 (10) 6 5 85 2 1 97 1 17 2 7A 2 15 3 7A 3 A 19 76 1 (10) 9 86 5 16 8A " 28 72 - (10) 3 (in) 96 (10) 1 (10) 6 1 89 2 1 2 97 * 1 (10) 99 - 89 - 2 A 1 11 3 19 (10) - - (10) 2 - 1 - 77 78 2 3 76 1 8 8 A (10) 95 2 ” 66 15 * (10) 5 83 6 5 * 96 A ~ 87 5 ~ Retail trade Finance PE RC EN T OF WO RK ER S 100 100 AMOUNT OF PA 10 V A CA TI ON A F T E R : 12 A YEARS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 WEEK --------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------OV ER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 2 AND UN DE R 3 WEEKS ------3 WEEKS --------------------------5 YEARS OF SERVICE: UNDER 1 W E E K ----- ----- ---- ---1 WEEK ---------------------------OV ER 1 AND UNOER 2 WEEKS --- --2 WE EK S --------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WE EK S --------------------------A WE EK S --------------------------- d 2 1 7 t t 2 - (10) 92 5 2 “ See footnotes at end of tables. 18 82 A 11 (10) 1 9 “ 90 1 2 1 82 4 13 (10) 20 80 “ 22 78 - “ 11 89 * 1 “ (10) 99 * 99 11 89 “ 4 96 * “ 11 * A 96 “ 8 1 92 7 99 1 99 1 70 9 21 ~ Table B -5 . Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1 9 7 6 — Continued Plant workers Item amount of paid vacation All industries Manu facturing 6 i 16 2 6h A 2 10 A 69 2 7 1 2 9 (10) 25 57 2 4 Office workers Wholesale trade Retail trade (10) A 89 5 2 - A1 53 A 2 - 19 26 51 5 • - i do) 20 1 75 1 2 (10) - 5 do) 10 3 76 2 3 (10) - do) 23 7A do) £ - 9 (10) 25 57 2 do) 4 89 A1 53 b 4 5 (10) 8 77 3 2 - 1 (lot 13 82 1 3 (10) do) 2 * 19 26 51 > 5 • - - - 15 83 (10) 2 . - (lo) 16 5A 1 (10) 10 65 5 19 (10) - 5 (10) 1 33 12 A7 1 - 1 (10) 10 25 5 (10) 1 12 76 2 3 (10) - Non m a n u facturing Public utilitie s All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 13 53 • A1 1 5 • _ - i 18 79 2 • • - • 20 1 • 18 79 2 • • - • • . 99 1 _ - • • 53 A1 1 5 _ • - (10) 12 73 3 12 - 13 7A . 13 . . • - . 2A 61 1 15 • • • - 1 18 73 • 8 • • • - • • 79 (10) 13 3 77 7 . - 18 AA 1 31 5 • - 1 18 2A 51 6 • • • 41 • 59 • • • • Finance a f t e r 12- CO NT IN UE D 10 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 ANU UNDER 2 WEEKS ---- — 2 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----A WEEKS --------------------------OVER A ANU UNDER 5 WEEKS -----5 WEEKS --------------------------6 WEEKS --------------------------12 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS --------------------------3 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS --- --A WEEKS --------------------------OVER < AN l, UNDER S W E E K S -----* 5 WEEKS --------------------------6 WEEKS --------------------------IS YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEtKS -----2 WEEKS --------------------------3 W E E K S ---------- ---------- ----OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS ------A WEEKS --------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS — ---5 WEEKS --------------------------6 WEEKS --------------------------8 WEEKS --------------------------20 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WE E K ---------------------------OVER 1 ANU UNDER 2 WEEKS — ---2 WEEKS --------------------------3 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 3 AND UN DE R A WEEKS ------A WEEKS --------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS ------5 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS ------6 WEEKS --------------------------7 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 9 WEEKS — - — ---- ------- — - c t b i i 6 1 lb 6b 2 8 72 4 - 3 b i 1 4 7 1 2 4 b 4 i 10 57 IS 1 1 1 1 2 3 62 9 1A 1 2 1 2 9 (10) 19 51 1 15 1 1 - b i 10 18 1 SI 2 7 (10) 1 1 1 A 2 3 12 1 64 3 6 2 1 2 b - - 62 6 5 2 - 26 - 19 26 36 19 - 9 19 27 1 33 8 1 • 4 16 65 10 5 - 12 3A A A8 2 - 19 26 28 17 11 • • 4 4 S e e fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le s . 19 do) 61 (10) 3 do) - 6 (10) 12 28 (10) 57 3 - 85 . 2 . _ 13 85 . 2 79 1 . - • . - 7 1A • • • - Table B -5 . Paid vacation provisions fo r fu ll-tim e w orkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1 9 7 6 — Continued Plant workers Item All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Office workers Wholesale trade Retail trade All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance AMOUNT OF PA ID VACA TI ON A F T E R 12CO NTINUEC 25 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK ---------------------------OV ER I AND UNDER 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS --------------------------3 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 3 AND UN DE R 4 WEEKS ------4 WEEKS ---------------------- ---OVER 4 AND UNDER 5 WEEKS ------5 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 5 ANU UNDER 6 WEEKS ------6 WEEKS --------------------------7 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 9 WEEKS --------------------- 6 1 10 16 1 36 (10) 21 2 1 1 1 4 2 3 10 1 49 23 2 2 1 2 9 19 24 1 24 1 18 1 _ - 4 13 24 < ♦ 49 5 - 12 28 4 50 6 - 19 26 28 15 13 - i do) 10 19 (10) 53 1 16 30 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 W E E K --- ----- - - - — — ---------OVER 1 AND UN DE R 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS - — — — — — — — — — — 3 WEEKS — — — — — — — — OV ER 3 AND UN DE R 4 WEEKS ------4 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 4 AND UN DE R 5 WEEKS ------5 WEEKS --------------------------o v e r 5 a n d u n d e r 6 w e e k s ------6 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 6 AN0 UN DE R 7 WEEKS ------7 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 9 WEEKS --------------------- 6 i 10 16 1 36 19 1 4 (10) 2 1 4 2 3 10 1 49 16 2 9 19 24 1 18 24 1 - 4 13 4 74 5 * 12 28 4 45 11 * 19 26 28 15 13 - b i 10 16 1 36 4 2 3 10 l 49 16 2 7 4 2 12 28 4 45 « 11 19 26 28 15 M A XI MU M V A CA TI ON A V A I L A B L E ! 1 WEEK ---------------------------o v e r l a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------2 WEEKS --------------------------3 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS ------4 WEEKS --------------------------OVER 4 ANO UNDER 5 WEEKS ------5 WEEKS — — — — — — — — — OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS — ---6 WEEKS --------------------------7 WEEKS ------------------------- — OVER 9 WEEKS --------------------- 19 1 4 2 1 7 1 3 2 9 19 24 1 18 - 24 1 - 4 13 4 74 5 - 13 - - 5 (10) 1 11 56 2 22 1 “ (10> 12 21 (10) 52 (10) 15 “ 13 2 25 60 - • 18 41 1 32 7 - 1 18 24 51 6 - • • 26 73 1 • • . • - 1 (10> 10 19 (10) 46 i 22 1 (10) * 5 (10) 1 11 56 2 17 6 1 (10) 12 21 (10) 44 do) 23 * 13 2 7 • 18 41 1 28 12 - 1 18 24 51 6 - 26 _ 70 1 3 • _ • - 1 (10) 10 19 (10) 46 (10> 22 1 (10) 5 (10) 1 11 « 56 2 17 6 1 (10> 12 21 (10) 44 23 - 18 41 1 28 • 12 • - 18 24 51 6 . - (10> * 77 . - 13 2 7 77 - ' See footnotes at end of tables. 20 i 26 70 4 Table B -6 . H e a lth , insurance, and pension plans for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in B irm ingham , A la ., M arch 1976 Plant workers Item Office workers All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade 100 100 100 loo 100 100 100 Retail trade All industries Manu facturing Nonmanu facturing Public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL -T IM E WO RK ER S ------------- loo loo 99 96 99 100 100 99 loo 96 64 94 75 99 61 99 83 100 56 96 31 100 67 45 19 63 42 63 44 63 42 64 63 61 39 62 6 66 54 88 73 86 75 89 95 82 90 99 24 21 74 51 37 18 25 18 56 49 18 11 8 8 50 47 23 9 12 6 95 97 92 100 100 90 93 70 95 81 89 55 91 82 100 53 89 43 ACCIDENTAL d e a t h AND DI SMEMBERMENT INSURANCE ------------NONCON.TR IBUTORY P L A N S -------------- 53 40 56 47 54 31 62 39 69 32 SI CKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR SICK LEAVE OR B 0 T H M --------------- 84 91 74 87 63 49 79 67 40 24 LONG -T ER M DI SABILITY INSURANCE -- -- -- - -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- NONC ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS --------------- 100 loo LIFE INSURANCE ------------------------N O NC ON TR IB UT UR Y PLANS -------------- SI CKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -NONC ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -- - -- -- - -- -- s i c k l e a v e (Fu l l p a y a n d n o WA IT IN G PERIOD) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- SICK LEAVE (PARTIAL PAY OR WAITING PERIOD) -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- - 100 100 IN E S TA BL IS HM EN TS P R OV ID IN G AT LEAST ONE OF THF BENEFITS SHOWN BE L O W 1 3 -------------------------- lb 6 30 33 19 34 58 29 66 36 39 61 98 12 10 16 33 17 11 14 4 17 53 13 20 1 21 17 12 26 19 46 28 42 36 13 12 37 24 33 19 38 25 57 45 50 38 38 5 30 23 IS HOSP IT AL IZ AT IO N INSURANCE ----------N O N C ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -------------- 62 97 75 86 43 100 03 100 48 79 30 97 49 95 65 97 46 100 65 100 43 92 16 100 47 SU RGICAL INSURANCE -------------------n o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -------------- 92 62 97 75 86 43 100 63 100 48 79 30 97 49 95 65 97 46 100 65 100 43 92 16 100 47 MEDICAL INSURANCE --------------------N O NC ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -------------- 87 60 92 74 81 41 100 63 96 44 72 30 92 49 95 65 92 45 100 65 98 41 79 16 93 47 MAJOR ME DI CA L INSURANCE -------------N O NC ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -------------- 85 56 88 69 81 39 95 58 97 46 74 30 96 49 92 59 97 46 100 65 100 36 64 16 100 47 DE NT AL INSURANCE ---------------------N O NC ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -------------- 25 21 34 30 14 9 27 27 5 5 11 2 11 9 33 31 5 4 17 16 4 4 3 1 “ R E T I RE ME NT PE NS IO N -------------------N O N C ON TR IB UT OR Y PLANS -------------- 68 61 80 73 53 45 61 ol 69 64 49 36 72 63 76 72 71 61 70 70 71 56 35 23 87 78 92 See footnotes at end of tables. 21 Footnotes 9 L e s s than 0 . 0 5 p e r c e n t . 10 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . 11 A l l c o m b i n a t i o n s o f f u l l and h a l f d a y s th at add to the s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b i n e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l o f 10 d a y s i n c l u d e s t h o s e w ith 10 f u ll d a y s and no h a l f d a y s , 9 fu ll d a y s and 2 h a l f d a y s , 8 f u ll d a y s and 4 h a l f d a y s , and s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s th en w e r e cum ulated. 12 I n c l u d e s p a y m e n t s o t h e r than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h as p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an e q u i v a l e n t t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k ' s pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e c h o s e n a r b i t r a r i l y and d o not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t i n d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s at 10 y e a r s i n c l u d e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim a tes are cu m u lative. T h u s , the p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' p a y a f t e r 10 y e a r s i n c l u d e s t h o s e e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' p a y a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 13 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r ty p e o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r all p la n s f o r w h i c h at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e by th e e m p l o y e r . "N on con trib u tory pla n s" i n c l u d e o n l y t h o s e f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r . E xcluded a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p l a n s , s u c h as w o r k e r s d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . 14 U n d u p l i c a t e d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce shown s e p a ra te ly b e lo w . S i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to t h o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th at e a c h e m p l o y e e c a n e x p e c t . In form al s ic k le a v e allow an ces d e te rm in e d o n an i n d i v i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . A l l o f t h e s e s t a n d a r d f o o t n o t e s m a y not a pp ly to th is b u l l e t i n . 1 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k l y hours. 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l i n g the e a r n i n g s o f all w o r k e r s and d i v i d i n g b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . The m ed ia n d esig n a tes p o s i t i o n — h a l f o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e m o r e and h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s than the rate shown. T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e f i n e d b y tw o r a t e s o f p a y : a f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than th e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a fo u r t h e a r n m o r e than the h i g h e r r a t e . 3 E a r n i n g s d a t a r e l a t e o n l y to w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w a s p r o v i d e d b y the e s t a b l i s h m e n t . 4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . 5 F o r m a lly e sta b lish ed m in im u m regu la r stra ig h t-tim e hiring s a la rie s that a r e p a id f o r s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s . 6 E x c l u d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s s u c h as m e s s e n g e r . 7 D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 8 I n c l u d e s all p la n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la te s h i f t s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r l a t e s h i f t s , e v e n th ou gh the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la te s h i f t s . 22 Appendix A a ll i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n i n g s da ta f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w it h in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h da t a to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t da ta. S e p a r a t e m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n i n g s da ta a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d w h e n the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s not i d e n t i f i e d b y s e x i s 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m e n o r w o m e n i d e n t i f i e d in an o c c u p a t i o n . E a r n i n g s da ta n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y f o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e i n c l u d e d in da ta f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . L i k e w i s e , data a r e i n c l u d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f e l e c t r o n i c s t e c h n i c i a n s , s e c r e t a r i e s , o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is not shown o r in fo r m a tio n t o s u b c l a s s i f y i s not a v a i l a b l e . A r e a w a g e and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s data a r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . 1 In e a c h o f th e i n t e r v e n in g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n o n e m p l o y m e n t and o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s i s c o l l e c t e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and t e l e p h o n e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in t h e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In e a c h o f th e 8 4 2 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , da ta a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u f a c t u r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h olesale trad e; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E stablish m en ts h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e o f i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d . S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h i c h m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n criteria . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s da ta a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d t o w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e . E a r n i n g s data e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b o n u s e s a r e i n c l u d e d . W e e k l y h o u r s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s r e f e r to th e s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m iu m ra te s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly ea rn in gs fo r th ese occu pa tion s are rounded t o th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . These surveys a re con d u cte d on a s a m p le b a s i s . The sam pling p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e t a i l e d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y i n d u s t r y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m t h is s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e i s s e l e c t e d , w ith e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t h a v in g a p r e d e t e r m i n e d c h a n c e o f s e l e c t i o n . T o o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th an s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s e l e c t e d . W h e n data a r e c o m b i n e d , e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t is w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g t o it s p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n , s o that u n b i a s e d e s t i m a t e s a r e g e n e r a t e d . F o r e x a m p l e , i f o n e out o f f o u r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s e l e c t e d , it is g i v e n a w e i g h t o f f o u r to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f p lu s t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a l t e r n a t e o f th e s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y i s c h o s e n in th e s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i f da t a a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p l e m e m b e r . I f no s u i t a b l e s u b s t i t u t e is a v a i l a b l e , a d d i t i o n a l w e i g h t i s a s s i g n e d to a s a m p l e m e m b e r th at i s s i m i l a r t o th e m i s s i n g unit. O c c u p a t i o n s and e a r n i n g s O c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu dy a r e c o m m o n t o a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g t y p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p t a n t ; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l . O ccupational c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s b a s e d o n a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s ‘ d e s i g n e d to t a k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e j o b . O c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d i x B . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d , th e e a r n i n g s data f o l l o w i n g the j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r * T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s in .an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in dividual o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e ch a n g e s. The a v e r a g e s f o r individual j o b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p l e , p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by h igh- o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e t o b e t t e r j o b s and b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w w o r k e r s at l o w e r rates. S u c h s h i f t s in e m p l o y m e n t c o u l d d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th o u g h m o s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g th e y e a r . C h a n g e s in e a r n i n g s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in t a b l e A - 7, a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n a r e e a r n i n g s c h a n g e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l j o b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . A v e r a g e earn ings r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , a re a w id e e s tim a te s . Industries and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and j o b s t a f f i n g , and thus c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y t o th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l t o r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l a m o n g j o b s in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s h o u l d n ot b e a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w ith in * Personal visits were on a 2-year cy cle before July 1972. in divid ual e s ta b lis h m e n ts . F a c t o r s w h i c h m a y c o n t r i b u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s 2 Included in the 84 areas are 14 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron,i n c l u d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s ( o n ly th e r a t e s p a id Ohio; Austin, T e x .; Binghamton, N .Y .—Pa. ; Birmingham, A la .; Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood and West Palm i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u tie s .w ith in the Beach—Boca Raton, Fla. ; Lexington—Fayette, Ky.; Melbourne—Titusville—Cocoa, Fla.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach— g e n e r a l s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va. —N. C. ; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N. Y . ; Raleigh— in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a l l y a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than t h o s e u s e d in in d i v i d u a l Durham, N .C .; Stamford, Conn.; Syracuse, N .Y .; Utica—Rome, N .Y .; and Westchester County, N .Y . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 70 areas at the request of the s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d . Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. 23 O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t t h e to t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s t u d y and not the n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . B e ca u se o ccu p a tion a l stru ctu re s am ong e sta b lish m en ts d iffe r, estim a tes of o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m th e s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n l y t o i n d i c a t e th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s t u d i e d . These d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n i n g s data. Percent as f o l l o w s : changes f o r in dividual a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m are 1. E a c h o c c u p a t i o n is a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d o n its p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p in the base year. 2. T h e s e w e i g h t s a r e u s e d to c o m p u t e g r o u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a t i o n ' s a v e r a g e ( m e a n ) e a r n i n g s is m u l t i p l i e d b y it s w e i g h t . T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a l e d to o b t a i n a g r o u p average. 3. T h e r a t i o o f g r o u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is c o m p u t e d b y d i v i d i n g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y t h e a v e r a g e f o r th e e a r l i e r y e a r . The result— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 i s th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e . W age tren d s fo r s e le cte d o ccu p a tion a l groups T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e A - 7 a r e b a s e d o n c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e p o r t i n g th e t r e n d j o b s in b o t h th e c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r ( m a t c h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e da t a a r e a d j u s t e d t o r e m o v e th e e f f e c t o n a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f e m p l o y m e n t s h if t s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n c l u d e d in s u r v e y sam p les. The p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a re still a ffe cte d b y fa c t o r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t i o n w h e n w o r k e r s a r e p a id u n d e r p la n s p r o v i d i n g a r a n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l j o b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , n e w e m p l o y e e s e n t e r at t h e b o t t o m o f th e r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g the a v e r a g e w ith o u t a c h a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . com puted F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d to c o m p u t e th e s e w age t r e n d s , se e "I m p r o v in g A r e a W age S u rv e y I n d e x e s ," M on th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , J a p u a r y 1 9 7 3, p p . 5 2 - 5 7 . E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e l a t e t o w a g e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n th e i n d i c a t e d dates. W h e n th e t i m e sp a n b e t w e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r th an 12 m o n t h s , ann ua l r a t e s a r e s h o w n . (It i s a s s u m e d th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a c o n s t a n t r a te b e t w e e n s u r v e y s . ) T h e i n c i d e n c e o f s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s i s s t u d i e d f o r p la n t w o r k e r s and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . P la n t w o r k e r s i n c l u d e n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s e n g a g e d in n on office fun ction s. ( C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e w o r k e r s a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but i n c l u d e d in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . ) O ffice w o rk e rs i n c l u d e n o n s upe r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r re la ted fun ction s. L e a d w o r k e r s and t r a i n e e s a r e in clu d ed am ong n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s and c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s u t i l i z e d as s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m b o t h th e pla n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r c a t e g o r i e s . O ccu p a tion s u sed to com pu te w age tren d s a re : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w om en ): S ecreta ries Stenographers, general S ten ograp h ers, sen ior T y p i s t s , c l a s s e s A and B F ile cle rk s , cla sse s A, B , and C M es sengers O rd er clerk s, cla sses A and B A ccou ntin g c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B ook k eep in g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , class B P a y r o ll clerk s Keypunch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B T abulating-m achin e o p e r a to r s , cla ss B E l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ( m e n and w o m e n ) : C om puter system s an a lysts, c la s s e s A , B , and C E l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ( m e n and w o m e n ) — C o n t in u e d Com puter p r o g ra m m e rs , c l a s s e s A , B , and C Com puter o p erators, c l a s s e s A , B , and C M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s ( ta b le B - l ) . M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e l a t e o n l y to th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p t i m u m s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s u s e d and th e p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e m o r e l i k e l y th a n s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s t o h a v e f o r m a l e n t r a n c e r a t e s a b o v e th e s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l , th e t a b l e i s m o r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m and l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ( m e n and w om en ): R e g is t e r e d in du stria l nurses Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s — m a n u f a c t u r i n g ( t a b le B - 2 ) . D a ta w e r e c o l l e c t e d on p o l i c i e s o f m a n u fa ctu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts re g a r d in g pay d iffe re n tia ls f o r pla n t w o r k e r s on l a t e s h i f t s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o n s i d e r e d as h avin g p o l i c i e s a r e t h o s e w h i c h (1) h a v e p r o v i s i o n s in w r i t i n g c o v e r i n g the o p e r a t i o n o f la te s h i f t s , o r (2) h a v e o p e r a t e d la te s h i f t s at any t i m e d u r in g the 12 m o n t h s p reced in g a survey. W hen e s ta b lis h m e n ts have s e v e r a l diffe re n tia ls w hich v a r y b y j o b , th e d i f f e r e n t i a l a p p ly in g t o t h e m a j o r i t y o f th e plant w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d . W h e n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v e d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h i c h a p p ly o n l y to c e r t a i n h o u r s o f w o r k , th e d i f f e r e n t i a l a p p ly in g t o th e m a j o r i t y o f th e s hif t h o u r s is recorded. S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m en and w o m e n ) : C arpenters E lectrician s P a i n t e rs M ach inists M e ch a n ics (m ach in ery ) M ech an ics (m otor veh icle) P i p e f i t t e rs T o o l and d ie m a k e r s F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h is s t u d y , a l a t e s h if t i s e i t h e r a s e c o n d ( e v e n i n g ) s h if t w h i c h e n d s at o r n e a r m i d n i g h t o r a t h i r d (nig h t) s h if t w h i c h s t a r t s at o r n e a r m idnight. U n s k i l l e d p la n t ( m e n and w om en ): J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and clean ers M a t e r i a l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s D i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r s e c o n d and t h i r d s h i f t s a r e s u m m a r i z e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c i e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e i g h t e d b y 24 a l l p la n t w o r k e r s in th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t at th e t i m e o f th e s u r v e y ) and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e i g h t e d b y pla n t w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h ift at th e t i m e o f th e s u r v e y ) . w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e r h a s c o n t r i b u t e d , o r (3) b o r n e d i r e c t l y b y th e e m p l o y e r o u t o f o p e r a t i n g f un ds o r a fund s e t a s i d e t o c o v e r the c o s t . A p la n is i n c l u d e d e v e n th o u g h a m a j o r i t y o f th e e m p l o y e e s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t do not c h o o s e t o p a r t i c i p a t e in it b e c a u s e t h e y a r e r e q u i r e d t o b e a r p a r t o f its c o s t ( p r o v i d e d th e c h o i c e t o p a r t i c i p a t e is a v a i l a b l e o r w i l l e v e n t u a l l y b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e to a m a j o r i t y ) . L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p la n s s u c h as s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a t i o n , and t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y in su ra n ce 3 are exclu ded. S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ; p a i d h o l i d a y s ; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s . P r o v i s i o n s w h i c h a p p l y to a m a j o r i t y o f the pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e c o n s i d e r e d to a p p l y to a ll pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t ; a p r a c t i c e o r p r o v i s i o n is c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x i s t e n t w h e n it a p p l i e s to l e s s than a m a j o r i t y . H olidays; v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p l i c a b l e to e m p l o y e e s c u r r e n t l y e l i g i b l e f o r th e b e n e f i t s as w e l l as to e m p l o y e e s w ho w ill even tu ally b e c o m e e lig ib le . through (usually w orker. A c c i d e n t a l d e a t h and d i s m e m b e r m e n t is l i m i t e d to p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e b e n e f i t p a y m e n t s in c a s e o f d e a t h o r l o s s o f l i m b o r sigh t as a d i r e c t r e s u l t o f an a c c i d e n t . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s ( ta b le B - 3 ) . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and da y s r e f e r to th e n u m b e r o f h o u r s and d a y s p e r w e e k w h i c h f u l l t i m e f i r s t ( d a y ) s h if t w o r k e r s a r e e x p e c t e d to w o r k , w h e t h e r p a i d f o r at stra ig h t-tim e o r o v e r tim e rates. S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e i n c l u d e s o n l y t h o s e p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e that p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s b e m a d e d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s w h o l o s e t i m e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s o r i n j u r y , e . g . , $ 50 a w e e k f o r up to 26 w e e k s o f d i s a b i l i t y . P a id h olidays (ta b le B - 4 ) . H olidays a re in clu d ed o n ly i f they a r e g r a n t e d a n n u a lly o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ( p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m o r e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m ) and e m p l o y e e s a r e p a i d f o r th e t i m e o f f . They are i n c l u d e d e v e n t h o u g h in a p a r t i c u l a r y e a r t h e y f a l l on a n o n w o r k d a y and e m p l o y e e s a r e not g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f . S i c k l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s 4 w h i c h p r o v i d e f o r c o n t in u in g an e m p l o y e e ' s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s . D a ta c o l l e c t e d d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n (1) p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u ll pa y w ith no w a i t i n g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s w h i c h e i t h e r p r o v i d e p a r t i a l p a y o r r e q u i r e a w aiting p e r io d . D ata a r e t a b u l a t e d to s h o w th e p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s w h o (1) a r e g r a n t e d s p e c i f i c n u m b e r s o f w h o l e and h a l f h o l i d a y s and (2) a r e g r a n t e d s p e c i f i e d a m o u n t s o f t o t a l h o l i d a y t i m e ( w h o le and h a l f h o l i d a y s a r e a g g r e g a t e d ) . L o n g - t e r m d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e p la n s p r o v i d e p a y m e n t s to to t a l l y d i s a b l e d e m p l o y e e s upon th e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e i r p a i d s i c k l e a v e a n d / o r s i c k n e s s and a 'c cid e n t i n s u r a n c e , o r a f t e r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p e r i o d o f d i s a b i l i t y (typ ica lly 6 m on th s). P a y m e n t s a r e m a d e until the en d o f the d i s a b i l i t y , a m a x im u m age, o r elig ib ility fo r re tirem en t benefits. F u ll o r p a r t i a l p a y m en ts a re a lm o s t alw ays r e d u c e d b y s o c ia l s e c u r it y , w o r k e r s ' d isa b ility c o m p e n s a t i o n , and p r i v a t e p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s p a y a b l e to the d i s a b l e d e m p l o y e e . P a i d v a c a t i o n s (ta b le B - 5 ) . E stablish m en ts rep ort th eir m ethod of c a l c u l a t i n g v a c a t i o n p a y ( t im e b a s i s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t , e t c . ) and th e a m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y g r a n t e d . O nly b a s ic fo r m a l p l a n s a r e r e p o r t e d . V a c a t i o n b o n u s e s , v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p l a n s , and " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f i t s b e y o n d b a s i c p la n s a r e e x c l u d e d . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e p la n s reported in t h e s e s u r v e y s p r o v i d e f u l l o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t f o r b a s i c s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d . 3 Tem porary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness which is not w ork-connected is mandatory under S tate laws in C alifo rn ia, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishm ent plans which m eet only the le g al requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) em ployers contribute more than is leg ally required or (2) benefits ex ceed those specified in the S tate law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only em ployees contribute. In each of the other three S tates, benefits are paid either from a S tate fund or through a private plan: F o r ta b u la t in g v a c a t i o n p a y g r a n t e d , a ll p r o v i s i o n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a tim e b a s i s . V a c a t i o n p a y c a l c u l a t e d on o t h e r th an a t i m e b a s i s is c o n v e r t e d to it s e q u i v a l e n t t i m e p e r i o d . T w o p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f o r e x a m p l e , is t a b u l a t e d as 1 w e e k ' s v a c a t i o n p a y . S tate fund financing: In C alifo rn ia, only em ployees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, em ployees and em ployers contribute; in New Y ork, em ployees contribute up to a sp ecified m axim um and em ployers pay the difference between the em ployees' share and the total contribution required. A l s o , p r o v i s i o n s a f t e r e a c h s p e c i f i e d le n g th o f s e r v i c e a r e r e l a t e d to a ll pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t r e g a r d l e s s o f l e n g th o f s e r v i c e . V a c a t i o n p la n s c o m m o n l y p r o v i d e f o r l a r g e r a m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n pa y as s e r v i c e l e n g t h e n s . C o u n ts o f pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y l e n g t h o f s e r v i c e w e r e not o b t a i n e d . T h e t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t i o n p a y g r a n t e d p r e s e n t s , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t i s t i c a l m e a s u r e s o f t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s r a t h e r than p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s actu ally r e c e iv in g s p e c ific b en e fits. Private plan financing: In C alifo rn ia and New Jersey, em ployees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, em ployees can agree to contribute more if the S tate rules that the addition al contribution is com m ensurate with the benefit provided. Fed eral leg islatio n (R ailro ad Unem ploym ent Insurance A ct) provides temporary disability insurance benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether w ork-connected or not. The legislatio n requires that em ployers b ear the entire cost of the insurance. 4 An establishm ent is considered as having a form al plan if it sp ecifics at least the minim um number of days o f sick le a v e a v a ila b le to each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but inform al sick leave allow ances determ ined on an individual basis are excluded. H e a l th , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s (ta b le B - 6 ) . H e a l th , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s i n c l u d e p la n s f o r w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r p a y s e i t h e r a ll o r p a r t o f th e c o s t . T h e c o s t m a y b e (1) u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y o r n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n , (2) c o v e r e d b y a u nio n fund to L i f e i n s u r a n c e i n c l u d e s f o r m a l p la n s p r o v i d i n g i n d e m n i t y an i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y ) in c a s e o f d e a t h o f th e c o v e r e d 25 H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e c o v e r s h o s p i t a l r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r oth er h osp ita l e x p e n s e s . S u r g ic a l in su ra n c e c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' fe e s . M e d ica l in su rance c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s fo r h o m e , o f fi c e , o r h ospital ca lls. Plan s r e s tr ic te d to p o s t -o p e r a tiv e m e d ic a l ca re o r a d o c t o r 's care for m inor a i l m e n t s at a w o r k e r ' s p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to b e m e d ic a l in su ra n c e . "d e d u c tib le " (e .g ., $ 5 0 ) be m et b e fo r e benefit b e g i n , (2) h as a c o i n s u r a n c e f e a t u r e that r e q u i r e s th e i n s u r e d t o p a y a p o r t i o n ( e . g . , 20 p e r c e n t ) o f c e r t a i n e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c i f i e d c o l l a r m a x i m u m o f b e n e f i t s ( e . g . , $ 10, 0 00 a y e a r ) . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e c o v e r a g e a p p l i e s to s e r v i c e s w h i c h go b e y o n d the b a s i c s e r v i c e s c o v e r e d u n d e r h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d ic a l in su ra n c e . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e t y p i c a l l y (1) r e q u i r e s that a R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p l a n s p r o v i d e f o r r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s to th e r e t i r e e fo r life. I n c l u d e d a r e d e f e r r e d p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e th e o p t i o n o f p u r c h a s i n g a l i f e t i m e ann uity. D e n t a l i n s u r a n c e p la n s p r o v i d e n o r m a l d e n t a l s e r v i c e b e n e f i t s , u s u a l l y f o r f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s . P lan s w hich p r o v id e benefits o n l y f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a i r i n g a c c i d e n t d a m a g e a r e not r e p o r t e d . 26 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Birmingham, Ala.,' March 1976 N u m b er o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l is h m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu d y I n d u s try d i v i s i o n 2 W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ithin s c o p e o f stu d y W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y * Studied T o ta l4 S tudied N u m b er ALL D I V I S I O N S --- ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------TR AN SPORTATION, CO MM UNICATION, AND OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 ---------------------WH OL ES AL E TRADE -------- ---- ------------------RETAIL TRADE --------- — -----------------------FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND HEAL ESTATE 6 -------SERVICES 8 ------------------ --------------------- . P ercen t F u ll - t im e p la n t w o r k e r s F u ll - t im e o ffic e w o rk e rs T o t a l4 174 134,284 100 78,357 23 ,0 34 81,055 50 ” 224 409 55 119 57,509 76,775 43 57 45,328 33,029 4,491 18,543 34,161 46 ,894 50 50 50 50 50 50 96 141 52 70 18 22 35 17 27 18,696 9,340 26,621 11,794 10,324 14 7 20 9 8 7,409 5,438 15,186 4,065 1,594 3,442 7,535 <’ > 14,491 3,468 14,234 8,089 6,612 633 7 360 <’) 1 T h e B ir m in g h a m Sta nda rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d b y th e O ffi c e o f M a n a g em en t and B u d get th ro u g h F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 4 , c o n s is t s o f J e f f e r s o n , St. C l a i r , S h e lb y , and W a lk e r C o u n tie s . T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is t a b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e and c o m p o s i t i o n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s tim a t e s a r e not in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , fo r c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r le v e l s s in c e (1) pla n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1967 e d itio n o f th e Sta n da rd I n d u s tr ia l C l a s s if ic a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . 3 I n clu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m lim it a t io n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s t r ie s s u c h as t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o t io n p ic t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . 4 I n clu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, p a r t - t i m e , and o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e p a r a t e plant and o f f i c e c a t e g o r i e s . 5 A b b r e v ia t e d t o " p u b lic u t il it i e s " in th e A - and B - s e r i e s t a b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d . A n u m b e r o f e l e c t r i c u t ilit ie s su p p ly in g l e s s than h a lf th e e l e c t r i c c o n s u m p tio n w e r e p u b lic ly ow n ed and e x c lu d e d b y d e fin itio n f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e stu d y. 6 A b b r e v ia t e d to " f i n a n c e " in th e A - and B - s e r i e s t a b le s . 7 E s tim a t e r e la t e s to r e a l e s ta te e s t a b lis h m e n t s o n ly . W o r k e r s f r o m th e e n t ir e in d u s tr y d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , but f r o m th e r e a l e s ta te p o r t io n o n ly in " a ll in d u s t r y " and " n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " e s t im a t e s in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s . 8 H o t e ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d r ie s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b ile r e p a i r , r e n t a l, and p a rk in g ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r it a b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 9 T h is d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , and f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s . S e p a ra te p r e s e n t a t io n o f da ta is not m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f th e fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t is t o o s m a ll t o p r o v id e enough da ta to m e r it s e p a r a t e s tu d y , (2) th e sa m p le w a s not d e s ig n e d in it ia lly t o p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d eq u a te to p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , and (4) t h e r e is p o s s ib i li t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n sh ow s th e p e r c e n t o f fu l l- t im e plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the B ir m in g h a m a r e a in w h ic h a u n ion c o n t r a c t o r c o n t r a c t s c o v e r e d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in th e r e s p e c t i v e c a t e g o r i e s , M a r c h 1976: P la n t w o r k e r s I n d u s tria l c o m p o s it io n in m a n u fa ctu rin g A l l in d u s t r ie s _________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ N on m a n u f a ctu r ing__ P u b lic u t il it i e s .. W h o le s a le t r a d e R e t a il t r a d e _____ F in a n c e _________ A l m o s t o n e - h a l f o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y in th e B ir m in g h a m T h e fo llo w in g p r e s e n t s th e m a jo r in d u str y a r e a w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g f i r m s , g r o u p s and s p e c i f i c in d u s t r ie s a s a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u fa ctu rin g : S p e c if ic in d u s tr ie s In d u s try g r o u p s P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r ie s ________43 F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ______ 13 F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ______ 10 Transportation equipment_____ 5 B la s t fu r n a c e and b a s ic s t e e l p r o d u c t s ________________ Iro n and s t e e l fo u n d r i e s ______ F a b r ic a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l p r o d u c t s _______________ O ffic e w o r k e r s 13 21 12 53 - A n e s t a b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e r e d t o h a v e a c o n t r a c t c o v e r in g a ll plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su c h w o r k e r s is c o v e r e d b y a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e , a ll o t h e r plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s that e it h e r d o not h a ve la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s in e f f e c t , o r h a v e c o n t r a c t s that a pply to fe w e r than h a lf o f t h e ir pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s . E s tim a t e s a r e not n e c e s s a r i l y r e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f th e extent t o w h ic h a ll w o r k e r s in th e a r e a m a y b e c o v e r e d b y th e p r o v is i o n s o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , b e c a u s e s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d and th e in d u s t r ia l s c o p e o f the s u r v e y is li m it e d . 27 16 8 T h is in fo r m a t io n is b a s e d on e s t im a t e s o f t o ta l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d f r o m u n iv e r s e m a t e r ia ls c o m p ile d b e f o r e a ctu a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t io n s in v a r io u s in d u stry d iv is io n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t io n s b a s e d on th e r e s u lt s o f th e s u r v e y a s show n in a p p en d ix ta b le 1. 57 72 36 93 51 10 27 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s is t o a s s i s t it s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t t o e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m i t s th e g r o u p i n g o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c o n t e n t . B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s i s o n i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , th e B u r e a u ' s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d t o e x c l u d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; and h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — C o n t in u e d A s s i g n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to o n e i n d i v i d u a l . M a i n ta in s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p t o t h e d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y i n d e p e n d e n t l y r e c e i v i n g a m i n i m u m o f d e t a i l e d s u p e r v i s i o n and g u i d a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l d u t i e s , u s u a l l y i n c l u d i n g m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : answ ers persons; d. e. R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d u m s , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r th e s u p e r v i s o r ' s s i g n a t u r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g r a p h i c accuracy; a. R e c e i v e s t e l e p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and i n c o m i n g m a i l , r o u tin e i n q u i r i e s , and r o u t e s t e c h n i c a l i n q u i r i e s to th e p r o p e r b. c. in structed; E stablish es, f. m a i n t a i n s , and r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r ' s f i l e s ; M a in t a in s th e s u p e r v i s o r ' s c a l e n d a r and m a k e s appointm en ts R e l a y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v i s o r to s u b o r d i n a t e s ; P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h i c and t y p in g w o r k . M a y a l s o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l t a s k s o f c o m p a r a b l e n a t u r e and d i f f i c u l t y . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w l e d g e o f o f f i c e r o u tin e and u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f th e o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to th e w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . as B e g i n n i n g w ith c a l e n d a r y e a r 1976 s u r v e y s , th e B u r e a u has g r o u p e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d in it s a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s in to j o b f a m i l i e s in o r d e r to p r e s e n t i n f o r m a t i o n o n r e l a t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in s e q u e n c e . J o b f a m i l i e s h a v e not b e e n t i t l e d , h o w e v e r , s i n c e d o in g s o m i g h t h a v e a d d e d e x t r a n e o u s e l e m e n t s to th e jo b m atching p r o c e s s . T h e B u r e a u has a l s o r e v i s e d s e v e r a l o c c u p a t i o n a l t i t l e s . u s u a l w o r d o r d e r and a r e m o r e d e s c r i p t i v e o f th e s u r v e y j o b s . The r e v is e d titles m o r e n e a r ly re fle ct R e v i s e d o c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d t h is y e a r f o r : O r d e r c l e r k ; p a y r o l l c l e r k ; s w itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r ; s w itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h i n e ty p ist (p r e v io u s ly titled t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r ) ; m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) ; and t o o l and d ie m a k e r . T h e y a r e th e r e s u l t o f the B u r e a u ' s p o l i c y o f p e r i o d i c a l l y r e v i e w i n g a r e a w a g e s u r v e y o c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s in o r d e r to ta k e in to a c c o u n t t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s and t o c l a r i f y d e s c r i p t i o n s s o th at t h e y a r e m o r e r e a d i l y u n d e r s t o o d and u n i f o r m l y i n t e r p r e t e d . E v e n th o u g h th e r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n s r e f l e c t b a s i c a l l y th e s a m e o c c u p a t i o n s as p r e v i o u s l y d e f i n e d , s o m e r e p o r t i n g c h a n g e s m a y o c c u r b e c a u s e o f th e r e v i s i o n s . 29 SECRETARY— Continued SECRETARY— Continued E xclu sion s N o t a ll ch a ra cteristics. a r e as f o l l o w s : p o s i t i o n s that a r e t i t l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e E x a m p le s o f p o s it io n s w h ich a re e x c lu d e d f r o m the defin ition a. P o s i t i o n s d e scrib e d above; b. w hich do not m e e t th e "p erson a l" secretary concept 4 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f an i n d i v i d u a l p l a n t , f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r of p r o 5. S e c r e t a r y to t h e h e a d o f a l a r g e and i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t o f t e n i n v o l v i n g as m a n y as s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s . S t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e d u t i e s ; c . S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v i n g as o f f i c e fe ssio n a l, tech n ical, o r m a n a geria l p e r so n s; d. S e c r e t a r y p o s i t i o n s m o r e r o u t in e o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d in th e d e f i n i t i o n ; assistants in w h i c h th e d u t ie s m o r e c o m p l e x and to a g r o u p 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w t h e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e ith e r a m a j o r co r p o r a te w id e fun ction al a ctivity (e .g ., m a rk e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , i n d u s t r i a l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) o>r a m a j o r g e o g r a p h i c o r o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 but f e w e r th an 2 5 , 000 e m p l o y e e s ; o r a r e eith e r su bstan tially r e s p o n s i b l e th an t h o s e C lass C 1. S e c r e t a r y t o an e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s n o t e q u i v a l e n t t o o n e o f t h e s p e c i f i c l e v e l s i t u a t i o n s in th e d e f i n i t i o n f o r c l a s s B , but w h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s at l e a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p l o y e e s and is u s u a l l y d i v i d e d in to o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t s w h i c h a r e o f t e n , in t u r n , f u r t h e r s u b d i v i d e d . In s o m e c o m p a n i e s , th is l e v e l i n c l u d e s a w i d e r a n g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e l o n s ; in o t h e r s , o n l y o n e o r t w o ; o r e. A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p o s i t i o n s w h i c h i n v o l v e m o r e d i f f i c u l t o r m o r e resp on sib le tech n ica l, ad m in istra tive, s u p e rv is o ry , o r s p e cia liz e d c le r ic a l d u t ie s w h i c h a r e n o t t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in th e l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s fo llo w in g ” r e f e r s to th o s e o f fi c i a l s w ho have a s ign ifican t co r p o r a te w id e p o l i c y m a k i n g r o l e w it h r e g a r d t o m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . T h e t i t l e " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " th o u g h n o r m a l l y i n d i c a t i v e o f t h is r o l e , d o e s n o t in a ll c a s e s i d e n t i f y s u c h p o s i t i o n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is to act p e r s o n a lly on in d ivid u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t io n s ( e . g . , a p p ro v e o r deny in dividual loan o r c r e d it a ctio n s ; a d m in is t e r in d ivid u a l tr u st a c c o u n t s; d ir e c t ly s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s t a f f ) a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d to b e " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s . C lass A 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 but f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w th e c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s i d i a r y o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 25 ,00 0 p e r s o n s . C lass B 1. S e c r e t a r y to t h e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th an 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y t o t h e h e a d o f an i n d i v i d u a l p l a n t , f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e a u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th a n 5 , 0 0 0 persons. C lass D 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d unit ( e . g . , f e w e r th a n a b o u t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; c>r o f a s m a ll orga n iza tion a l 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y s t a f f s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p lo y e e , a dm in istra tive o f f ic e r , o r a s sista n t, s k ille d tech n icia n , o r exp ert. (N O TE : M a n y c o m p a n i e s a s s i g n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r th a n s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , t o th is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r . ) STENOGRAPHER P r i m a r y du ty i s to t a k e d i c t a t i o n u s i n g s h o r t h a n d , and t o t r a n s c r i b e th e d i c t a t i o n . M ay a lso type f r o m w ritte n co p y . M ay operate f r o m a sten ogra ph ic p ool. M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r i b e f r o m v o i c e r e c o r d i n g s (if p r i m a r y du ty i s t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r i b i n g - M a c h i n e Typist). N O T E : T h i s j o b i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m th at o f a s e c r e t a r y in th at a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n f i d e n t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith o n l y o n e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y t a s k s as d e s c r i b e d in th e s e c r e t a r y j o b d e f i n i t i o n . Stenographer, G eneral 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r th a n 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r keep 30 D ictation in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y . M ay m ain tain f i l e s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . STENOGRAPHER— Continued FILE CLERK— Continued C la s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c la s s if i e d m a t e r ia l b y s im p le ( s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y f in e r s u b h e a d in g s . P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la t e d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . As req u ested , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t ifie d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r ia l. M a y p e r f o r m r e la t e d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . S t e n o g r a p h e r , S e n io r D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a v a r i e d t e c h n ic a l s u c h as in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c . or s p e c i a l i z e d v o ca b u la ry r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o s e t up OR C la s s C . P e r f o r m s r o u tin e f ilin g o f m a t e r i a l that h as a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s im p le s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n sy ste m ( e . g . , a lp h a b e t ic a l, c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r ic a l) . A s req u ested , lo c a t e s r e a d il y a v a ila b le m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r ia l; and m a y f i l l o u t w ith d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d t o m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u tie s r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n t l y g r e a t e r i n d e p e n d e n c e and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d b y th e fo llo w in g : W o r k r e q u ir e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a th o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s in e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n iz a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p rocedu res, f i l e s , w o r k f lo w , e t c . U s e s th is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m in g s t e n o g r a p h ic d u tie s an d r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u c h a s m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d in g and ro u tin g in c o m in g m a il ; and a n s w e r in g r o u tin e q u e s t io n s , e t c . M ESSENGER P e r f o r m s v a r io u s r o u tin e d u tie s s u c h as ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t in g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s s u c h as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g and d is t r ib u t in g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p o s it io n s th at r e q u ir e o p e r a t io n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s ig n ific a n t du ty. T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T P r i m a r y d u ty is to ty p e c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d ic t a t io n w h ic h d o e s n o t in v o lv e v a r i e d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u la r y s u c h as th at u s e d in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it t e n c o p y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e la t iv e ly r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . (S ee S t e n o g r a p h e r d e fin it io n f o r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w ith s h o r th a n d d ic t a t io n .) S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a t e le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u se d w ith a p r iv a t e b r a n c h e x c h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u t g o in g , and in t r a s y s t e m c a lls . M a y p r o v id e in fo r m a t io n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m it m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e r a t in g a te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty p in g o r r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y th e m a j o r p o r t io n o f th e w o r k e r 's t i m e , and is u s u a lly p e r f o r m e d w h ile at th e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e than on e o p e r a t o r a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r w h o a ls o a c ts as a r e c e p t io n is t , s e e S w it c h b o a r d O p e r a to r -R e c e p tio n is t. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m a k e out b i l l s a ft e r c a lc u la t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M ay in clu d e ty p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r ia ls f o r u s e in d u p lic a t in g processes. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c i a l t r a in in g , s u c h as k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , f ilin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d is t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a il . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T C la s s A . P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : T y p in g m a t e r ia l in f in a l f o r m w h en it in v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a t i o n , p u n c tu a tio n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u su a l w o r d s o r f o r e ig n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; o r p la n n in g la y o u t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a t e d s t a t is t ic a l t a b le s to m a in ta in u n ifo r m it y and b a la n c e in s p a c in g . M a y ty p e r o u tin e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to su it c ir c u m s t a n c e s . At a an o p e r a t o r — w o r k in v o lv e s b u s in e s s and p r ia t e p e r s o n a r r a n g in g an C la s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; o r r o u tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c .; o r s e tt in g up s im p le s ta n d a r d ta b u la tio n s ; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . ORDER CLERK R e c e i v e s w r it t e n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s o m e c o m b in a t io n o f th e fo llo w in g d u t ie s : Q u o tin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m in in g a v a i l a b ilit y o f o r d e r e d it e m s a nd s u g g e s tin g s u b s titu te s w h en n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y d a te and m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r in fo r m a t io n on o r d e r s h e e t s ; c h e c k in g o r d e r s h e e t s f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f in fo r m a t io n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a in in g c r e d it ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; f u r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o llo w in g - u p to s e e th a t o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d b y th e s p e c i f i e d da te o r to le t c u s t o m e r k n ow o f a d e la y in d e l i v e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k in g sh ip p in g in v o ic e a g a in s t o r i g i n a l o r d e r . F IL E C L E R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in f i l e s . P o s it io n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on th e b a s i s o f th e f o llo w in g d e f in it io n s . C la s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s f i l e m a t e r ia l s u ch a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b lis h e d f ilin g s y s t e m c o n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je c t m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y a ls o f i l e th is m a te r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a ll g r o u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c ts b o th as s e e S w it c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t io n is t . R e c e p t i o n i s t 's s u c h d u tie s as g r e e t in g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m in in g n a tu r e o f v i s i t o r 's p r o v id in g a p p r o p r ia t e in fo r m a t io n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n iz a t i o n o r c o n ta c t in g th at p e r s o n b y te le p h o n e and a p p o in tm e n t; k e e p in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . 31 ORDER CLERK— Continued BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s i s o r w h o s e d u tie s in c lu d e any o f th e f o l l o w i n g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r th a n f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v id in g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u lt a t iv e a d v ic e u sin g k n o w le d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g in e e r in g o r e x t e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l t r a i n in g ; e m p h a s iz in g s e llin g s k i l l s ; h a n d lin g m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in t e g r a l p a r t o f th e jo b . O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . P o s it io n s d e fin itio n s : are c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls a c c o r d in g to th e C la s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t i c u l a r a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m u s e d . D e t e r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d i t it e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l id a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y h a n d . fo llo w in g C la s s A . H a n d le s o r d e r s th a t in v o lv e m a k in g ju d g m e n ts s u c h as c h o o s in g w h ic h s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r i a l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's p r o d u c t lin e s w i l l s a t is f y th e c u s t o m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e t e r m in in g th e p r i c e t o b e q u o te d w h e n p r i c i n g i n v o lv e s m o r e th a n m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g t o a p r i c e l i s t o r m a k in g s o m e s im p le m a t h e m a t ic a l c a lc u la t io n s . C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o n e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t i n c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r m a c h in e b i l l e r ) , c o s t d i s t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e t c . M a y c h e c k o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s f o r th e a c c o u n t in g d ep a rtm e n t. C la s s B . H a n d le s o r d e r s in v o lv in g it e m s w h ic h h av e r e a d ily id e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p lic a t io n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a t a lo g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m a n u a l, o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to in s u r e th a t p r o p e r it e m is s u p p lie d o r to v e r i f y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d it e m . M A C H IN E B I L L E R P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s o n a m a c h in e o t h e r than an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n t a l to b illin g o p e r a t io n s . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , as f o l l o w s : A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u c h as p o s t in g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b a n k a c c o u n t s ; v e r if y in g th e in t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t ic a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g d is t r ib u t io n c o d e s ; e x a m in in g and v e r if y in g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s t y p e s o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la t io n s , p o s t in g , e t c . ; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a t e d jo u r n a l vou ch ers. M a y w o r k in e it h e r a m a n u a l o r a u t o m a t e d a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m . B il l i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b illin g m a c h in e ( c o m b in a t io n ty p in g and a d d in g m a c h in e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d u m s , e t c . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d is c o u n t s and s h ip p in g c h a r g e s and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ic h m a y o r m a y n ot b e c o m p u t e d o n th e b illin g m a c h in e , and t o t a ls w h ic h a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e d b y m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly i n v o lv e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f th e b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n d o n e o n a fa n fo ld m a c h in e . T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e t h o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d in g o f t r a n s a c t io n s and a c c o u n t in g in fo r m a t io n . W ith e x p e r i e n c e , th e w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n t in g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s i g n e d w o r k , but is n ot r e q u ir e d to h a v e a k n o w le d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n t in g . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on th e b a s is of B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f th e a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a l ly i n v o lv e s th e s im u lt a n e o u s e n tr y o f f ig u r e s o n c u s t o m e r s ' l e d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e s f ig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u t e s and u s u a lly p r in t s a u t o m a t ic a lly th e d e b it o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s n ot in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W ork s fro m u n if o r m and s ta n d a r d ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p lic a t e d o r n o n r e p e t it iv e a c c o u n t in g t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e le c t in g a m o n g a s u b s ta n tia l v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c in g t r a n s a c t io n s th o u g h p r e v io u s a c c o u n t in g a c t io n s to d e t e r m in e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M ay be a s s is te d b y one o r m o r e c l a s s B a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s . P A Y R O LL CLERK P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l t a s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m a in ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' t i m e o r p r o d u c t io n r e c o r d s ; a d ju s tin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r c h a n g e s in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , o r ta x d e d u c t io n s ; e d itin g p a y r o l l lis t in g s a g a in s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in l i s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r a t io n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a n o n a u to m a te d p a y r o l l s y s t e m , c o m p u t e s w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t i c a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u la t io n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r th e co m p u te r s y s te m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . C la s s B . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , f o llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s and s t a n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s one o r m o r e ro u tin e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h as p o s t in g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e id e n t i fic a t io n o f it e m s a nd lo c a t i o n s o f p o s t in g s a r e c l e a r l y in d ic a t e d ; c h e c k ing a c c u r a c y -and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s t a n d a r d iz e d a nd r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d in g d o c u m e n t s u s in g a fe w p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g c o d e s . 32 KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n ch m a c h in e t o r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e t ic a n d / o r n u m e r ic da ta o n ta b u la tin g c a r d s o r on ta p e . f r o m th is d e fin it io n a r e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s . A l s o e x c lu d e d a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e l e c t r o n i c d ig it a l c o m p u t e r s , e v e n th o u g h th e y m a y a ls o o p e r a t e e l e c t r i c a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e e q u ip m e n t. P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s . are c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on th e b a s is of P o s it io n s d e fin itio n s . th e fo llo w in g c la s s ifie d in to le v e l s o n the b a s is of th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p le t e r e p o r t in g and ta b u la tin g a s s ig n m e n t s in c lu d in g d e v is in g d if f ic u l t c o n t r o l p a n e l w ir in g u n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e a v a r i e t y o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s w h ic h o ft e n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g , r e q u ir in g s o m e p la n n in g o f th e n a tu r e and s e q u e n c in g o f o p e r a t i o n s , and th e u s e o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e d in t r a in in g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s o r tr a in in g l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and in th e o p e r a t in g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D o e s n ot in c lu d e p o s it io n s in w h ic h w ir in g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is l im it e d to s e l e c t i o n and in s e r t io n o f p r e w i r e d b o a r d s . C la s s A . W o r k r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t in s e le c t in g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o llo w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , in t e r p r e t in g , s e l e c t i n g , o r c o d in g it e m s to b e k e y p u n c h e d f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d ocu m en ts. O n o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e ro u tin e k e y p u n c h w o r k . M a y t r a in i n e x p e r ie n c e d k e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . W o r k is r o u tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r i n s t r u c t i o n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r io u s s ta n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h ic h h a v e b e e n c o d e d , and f o llo w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r no s e l e c t i n g , c o d in g , o r in t e r p r e t in g o f d a ta to b e r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s it e m s o r c o d e s o r m i s s in g in fo r m a t io n . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d i n g to e s t a b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t io n s . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e c o m p le t e but r o u tin e and r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s o r p a r t s o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d if f ic u l t ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u c h as th e t a b u la t o r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d itio n to th e s i m p l e r m a c h in e s u s e d b y c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to do s o m e w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s . M a y t r a i n n e w e m p lo y e e s in b a s i c m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s . C la s s C . U n d e r s p e c i f i c in s t r u c t i o n s , o p e r a t e s s im p le ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u c h as th e s o r t e r , i n t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u c in g p u n c h , c o l l a t o r , e t c . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e p o r t io n s o f a w o r k u n it, f o r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r t in g o r c o lla t in g r u n s , o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a t io n s . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s , and do s o m e f ilin g w o r k . T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R c u la t o r , are O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e t a b u la t o r , c a l c o l l a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c in g p u n c h , e t c . E x c lu d e d PRO FESSIO NAL A N D TEC H N IC A L C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN ESS F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g t h e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig it a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A n a ly z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t io n s to b e a u to m a te d and id e n t i fie s c o n d it io n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s t o b e u s e d ; o u tlin e s a c t io n s to b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t io n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g ( t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a t io n o f w o r k and d a ta flo w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d in a t e s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t ic ip a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u ip m e n t c h a n g e s t o o b ta in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s i f th is is th e s k ill u s e d to d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .) C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t i o n on c o m p le x p r o b l e m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f in pu t d a ta and m u lt ip le - u s e r e q u i r e m e n ts o f ou tpu t d a ta . ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s am in t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t io n s c h e d u lin g , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ic h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h ty p e is a u t o m a t ic a lly p r o c e s s e d th r o u g h th e fu ll s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia t e fo llo w u p a c t io n s a r e in itia t e d b y th e c o m p u t e r .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e im p lic a t io n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f d a ta p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t io n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s t a lla t io n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r o b ta in in g e q u ip m e n t. M a y p r o v id e fu n c t io n a l w ho a re a s s ig n e d to a s s is t . to lo w e r le v e l sy ste m s a n a ly s ts C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t i o n o n p r o b l e m s th a t a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p lic a t e d to a n a ly z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f li m i t e d c o m p le x it y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f in pu t da ta a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e ou tp u t d a ta a r e c l o s e l y r e la t e d . ( F o r e x a m p le , D o e s n ot in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r sy ste m s a n a ly s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b le m s . d ir e c tio n 33 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS— Continued COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS— Continued d e v e lo p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in ta in in g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a in ta in in g a ccou n ts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t , o r m a in ta in in g in v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u fa c t u r in g o r w h o l e s a le e s t a b lis h m e n t .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d t o d e t e r m in e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v is e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a t io n s o f th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to b e a p p lie d . A t t h is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d if f ic u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d t o p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d u cts f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e d a ta e le m e n t s . A w id e v a r ie t y an d e x t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t io n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s s u c h a c t io n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t io n s w h ic h ca n b e r e u s e d , e s t a b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o in ts b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s tm e n t s to d a ta w h en p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c it y , and s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s t o f o r m a h ig h ly in t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . OR W o r k s o n a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p le x d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o n r o u tin e a s s ig n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s in s t r u c t io n and g u id a n c e o n c o m p le x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t , c o m p lia n c e w ith i n s t r u c t i o n s , and to in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m . C la s s C . W o r k s u n d e r im m e d ia t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g ou t a n a ly s e s as a s s i g n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c t i v it y . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p and e x p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in th e a p p lic a t io n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly s t b y p r e p a r in g th e d e t a ile d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo r m a t io n d e v e lo p e d b y th e h ig h e r l e v e l a n a ly s t. M a y p r o v id e fu n c t io n a l d i r e c t i o n a re a s s ig n e d to a s s is t . C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n t s o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s i n fo r m a t io n t o p r o d u c e d a ta in tw o o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f in in g , a d a p tin g , a r r a y in g , o r m a k in g m i n o r a d d itio n s t o o r d e le t io n s f r o m in pu t d a ta w h ic h a r e r e a d il y a v a ila b le . W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m ay be p r o c e s s e d , th e d a ta h a v e b e e n r e f in e d in p r i o r a c t io n s s o th a t th e a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c in g o f da ta ca n b e t e s t e d b y u s in g a fe w r o u tin e c h e c k s . T y p i c a l l y , th e p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith r o u tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a t i o n s . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E SS OR C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a ly s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h a r e r e q u ir e d to s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic d a ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s th e p r e c i s e in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h en e n t e r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n ip u la tio n o f d a ta t o a c h ie v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u t e r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t ic s , l o g i c e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r s u b j e c t m a t t e r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a r t s and d ia g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m to b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r it e s d e t a ile d flo w c h a r t s t o s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h d a ta w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d in s t r u c t io n s f o r m a c h in e t o f o llo w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s t r u c t io n s f o r o p e r a t in g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t io n ru n ; a n a ly z e s , r e v i e w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a t in g e f f i c i e n c y o r a da p t to n e w r e q u ir e m e n t s ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s i f th is is th e s k i l l u s e d t o d e t e r m in e t h e i r p a y .) D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b le m s . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u rp oses, program m ers are c la s s ifie d as f o llo w s : C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o n c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h r e q u ir e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m in g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and c h a r ts w h ic h id e n t ify th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s te p s to b e a c c o m p l i s h e d , a n d th e r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s t e p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o lv in g r o u t in e ; p la n s th e f u ll r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c t io n s n e e d e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u t iliz e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h ie v in g d e s i r e d en d p r o d u c t s . to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s w ho W o r k s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A ) u n d e r c l o s e d i r e c t i o n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v i s o r . M ay a s sist h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d if f ic u l t ta s k s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d if f ic u l t t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c t i o n . M a y g u id e o r in s t r u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t i c e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p lic a t io n o f s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to r o u tin e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on n ew a s p e c t s o f a s s i g n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d t o v e r i f y it s a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ir e d p r o c e d u r e s . COM PUTER O PERATO R M o n it o r s and o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d ig it a l c o m p u t e r to p rocess d a ta a c c o r d i n g t o o p e r a t in g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m m e r . W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S tu d ie s in s t r u c t io n s to d e t e r m in e e q u ip m e n t s e tu p a nd o p e r a t i o n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u ir e d it e m s (ta p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w it c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t in to c i r c u i t , and s t a r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s tm e n t s to c o m p u t e r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t in g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l c o n d it io n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m a d e d u rin g o p e r a t io n an d d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s o p e r a t in g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g p r o g r a m . F or w age stu d y pu rposes, co m p u te r op era tors are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t ly t e s t e d a nd in t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u lin g r e q u ir e m e n t s a r e COMPUTER OPERATOR— Continued DRAFTER— Continued o f c r i t i c a l im p o r t a n c e t o m i n im iz e d o w n tim e ; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s ig n s o th a t id e n t i f ic a t io n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n r e q u i r e s a w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s m a y n o t b e a v a ila b le . M a y g iv e d i r e c t i o n and g u id a n c e t o lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . m a t e r i a l s to b e u s e d , lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e t c . R e c e iv e s in it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u ir e m e n t s , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p le t e d w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n i c a l a d e q u a c y . C la s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b lis h e d p r o d u c t io n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y ru n on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is lit t le o r n o t e s t in g o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a j o r ch a n g e o r ca n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b ly s h o r t t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s it u a t io n s , d ia g n o s e s c a u s e and ta k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t io n . T h is u s u a lly i n v o lv e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u sin g s ta n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n iq u e s . OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . M a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d if f ic u l t ta s k s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d if f ic u l t t a s k s f o llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s and w ith fr e q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d . e x p ected a b ilit y t o r e c e iv e d op era tor C la s s C . W o r k s on r o u tin e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n . Is to d e v e lo p w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d and d e t e c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in ru n n in g r o u tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly has s o m e f o r m a l t r a in in g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t io n . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l o n c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . P la n s th e g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p le x it e m s h a v in g d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n f e a t u r e s th at d i f f e r s ig n ific a n t l y f r o m e s t a b lis h e d d r a ftin g p re ce d e n ts. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith th e d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s ig n c h a n g e s . A n a ly z e s th e e f f e c t o f e a c h ch a n g e on th e d e t a ils o f f o r m , fu n c t io n , and p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a rts. W o r k s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le t e d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . M a y e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n b y lo w e r le v e l d r a fte r s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u tin e and c o m p le x d r a ftin g a s s ig n m e n t s th a t r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f m o s t o f th e s t a n d a r d iz e d d r a w in g t e c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u s e d . D u tie s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e s u c h w o r k a s : P r e p a r e s w o r k in g d r a w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u lt ip le f u n c t io n s , and p r e c i s e p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h it e c t u r a l d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f a b u ild in g in c lu d in g d e t a il d r a w in g s o f fo u n d a t i o n s , w a ll s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u la s and m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u ta tio n s t o d e t e r m in e q u a n tit ie s o f C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a il d r a w in g s o f s in g le u nits o r p a r t s f o r e n g in e e r i n g , c o n s t r u c t io n , m a n u fa c t u r in g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . T ypes of d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t i o n s (d e p ic tin g t h r e e d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s it io n in g o f c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a t io n . C o n s o lid a t e s d e t a ils f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d ju s ts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e as r e q u ir e d . S u g g e s te d m e t h o d s o f a p p r o a c h , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ic e o n s o u r c e m a t e r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in it ia l a s s ig n m e n t s . I n s t r u c t io n s a r e l e s s c o m p le t e w h en a s s ig n m e n t s r e c u r . W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . D R A F T E R -T R A C E R C o p ie s p la n s and d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p la c in g t r a c in g c lo t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w in g s and t r a c in g w ith p e n o r p e n c il. (D o e s n ot in c lu d e t r a c in g l im it e d t o p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t in g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a l a r g e s c a l e n ot r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a t io n .) A N D /O R P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d r a w in g s o f e a s i l y v is u a l iz e d it e m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v is e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s on v a r io u s t y p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e la t e d d e v ic e s b y p e r f o r m i n g o n e o r a c o m b in a t io n o f th e fo llo w in g : I n s t a llin g , m a in ta in in g , r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , t r o u b le s h o o t in g , m o d if y in g , c o n s t r u c t in g , and t e s t in g . W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n o f t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , a b ilit y t o d e t e r m in e m a lf u n c t io n s , and s k ill to put e q u ip m e n t in r e q u ir e d o p e r a t in g c o n d it io n .. T h e e q u ip m e n t— c o n s i s t in g o f e it h e r m a n y d if f e r e n t k in d s o f c ir c u it s o r m u lt ip le r e p e t it io n o f th e s a m e k in d o f c i r c u i t — in c lu d e s , but is n o t lim it e d t o , th e fo llo w in g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m it t in g and r e c e iv in g e q u ip m e n t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d io , t e l e v i s i o n , t e le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ) , (b) d ig ita l and a n a lo g c o m p u t e r s , and ( c ) in d u s t r ia l and m e d i c a l m e a s u r in g and c o n t r o llin g e q u ip m e n t. T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f s u c h s ta n d a r d e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h o u s e h o ld r a d io and t e l e v i s i o n s e t s ; p r o d u c t io n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y du ty is s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c t e s t in s t r u m e n t s ; t e c h n ic ia n s w h o h a v e a d m in is t r a t iv e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s itio n s d e f in it io n s . are c la s s ifie d in to l e v e l s on th e b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . A p p lie s a d v a n c e d t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e u n u su a lly c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e th a t t y p i c a l l y ca n n o t b e s o lv e d s o l e l y b y r e f e r e n c e to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued C la s s C . A p p lie s w o r k in g t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r r o u tin e t a s k s in w o r k in g o n e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t , f o llo w in g d e t a ile d i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s u c h ta s k s a s : A s s i s t i n g h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s b y p e r f o r m i n g s u ch a c t i v it ie s as r e p la c in g c o m p o n e n t s , w ir in g c i r c u i t s , and ta k in g t e s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t; and u sin g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t in s t r u m e n t s ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , a u d io s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu b e t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is n ot r e q u ir e d t o b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y b e a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h a s s ig n m e n t s d e s ig n e d t o i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (in c lu d in g c l a s s r o o m t r a in in g ) s o th a t w o r k e r ca n a d v a n c e t o h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. E x a m p le s o f s u c h p r o b l e m s in c lu d e lo c a t io n and d e n s it y o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d ia t io n , i s o la t in g m a lf u n c t io n s , and fr e q u e n t e n g in e e r in g c h a n g e s . W o r k in v o lv e s : A d e t a ile d u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g in d e p e n d e n t ju d g m e n t in p e r f o r m in g s u c h t a s k s as m a k in g c i r c u i t a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la t in g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c i n g r e la t io n s h ip s in s ig n a l f lo w ; and r e g u l a r l y u s in g c o m p le x t e s t i n stru m e n ts ( e . g . , d u a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia t io n m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) . W o r k m a y b e r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v i s o r (fr e q u e n t ly an e n g in e e r o r d e s ig n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e to l o w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e , as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y s p o t c h e c k e d , but is g iv e n d e t a ile d r e v ie w w h en n e w o r a d v a n c e d a s s ig n m e n t s a r e in v o lv e d . R E G IS T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R SE C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p r e h e n s iv e t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e th a t t y p i c a l l y ca n b e s o l v e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y in t e r p r e t in g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in v o l v e s : A f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; and ju d g m e n t in d e t e r m in in g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e le c t in g t o o l s and t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s , u s u a lly l e s s c o m p le x th an t h o s e u s e d b y the c l a s s A t e c h n ic ia n . A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c id e n t on th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t a id to th e i l l o r in ju r e d ; a tte n d in g to s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a t ie n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t in g in p h y s i c a l e x a m in a t io n s and h e a lt h e v a lu a tio n s o f a p p lic a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; and p la n n in g and c a r r y i n g ou t p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lt h e d u c a t io n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a t io n o f p la n t e n v ir o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v it ie s a ff e c t in g th e h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a fe t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u r s in g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an o n e n u r s e a r e e x c lu d e d . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e , as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e t o lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . M A IN TEN A N C E , TO O LRO O M , A N D PO W ER PLA N T M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N — C o n tin u e d P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a i r b u ild in g w o o d w o r k and e q u ip m e n t s u c h as b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t it i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d t o o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , and s ta n d a r d m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c t in g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t; and u s in g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d t o o ls and m e a s u r in g and t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d t r a i n in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E P A I N T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and fix t u r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and ty p e s o f p a in t r e q u i r e d f o r d if f e r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r f a c e f o r p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g o ld f in is h o r b y p la c i n g p u tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p ly in g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m i x c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o t h e r p a in t in g r e d ie n t s to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p a in t e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c tio n s s u c h as th e i n s t a lla t io n , m a in t e n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t io n , d i s t r i b u t io n , o r u tiliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : In s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t s u c h as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a tin g u n it s , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u t s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; lo c a t in g and d ia g n o s in g t r o u b le in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g s ta n d a r d c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g t o lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s and n ew p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a ir s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t in g w r it t e n in s t r u c t io n s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g and la y in g ou t o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in is t 's h a n d to o ls 36 MAINTENANCE MACHINIST— Continued MAINTENANCE PIPEFITTER— Continued and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g s ta n d a r d m a c h in e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , ana s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c t in g s ta n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d f o r th is w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, th e m a c h in is t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a ro u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . m eet s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p ip e fit t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . W o rk e rs p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n it a tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M A C H IN E R Y ) R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d is m a n t lin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n t lin g m a c h in e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a ir s th at m a in ly in v o lv e th e u s e o f h a n d t o o ls in s c r a p in g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s w ith it e m s o b ta in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g th e p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t by a m a c h in e s h o p o r s e n d in g th e m a c h in e to a m a c h in e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r in g w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly ' a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s in v o lv e s e tt in g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E ) R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e e q u ip m e n t t o d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u ip m e n t and p e r f o r m in g r e p a i r s th at in v o lv e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls as w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b lin g o r fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g and a d ju s tin g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in s t a llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h i c l e and m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s ; and a lig n in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s and lig h t s , o r tig h te n in g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h i c l e m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot in c lu d e m e c h a n ic s w h o r e p a i r c u s t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b ile r e p a i r s h o p s . M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fit t in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : L a y in g ou t w o r k and m e a s u r in g to lo c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o t h e r w r it te n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e t o c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e - c u t t in g m a c h in e s ; th r e a d in g p ip e w ith s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d in g p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s and fa s t e n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g t o p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m a k in g s ta n d a r d t e s t s to d e t e r m in e w h e t h e r f in is h e d p ip e s M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir th e s h e e t - m e t a l e q u ip m e n t and f ix t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o f in g ) o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , m o d e ls , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k in g m a c h in e s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d t o o ls in c u tt in g , b e n d in g , f o r m in g , s h a p in g , fit t in g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s t a llin g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u ir e d . Tn g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounder! tr a in in g a nd e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M IL L W R IG H T I n s t a lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d is m a n t le s and in s t a lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P ieinn ing and la y in g ou t w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls and r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g t o s t r e s s e s , s tr e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , an d c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lig n in g and b a la n c in g e q u ip m e n t; s e le c t in g s ta n d a r d t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t, and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and in s t a llin g and m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t s u ch as d r iv e s and speed red u ce rs. In g e n e r a l, th e m i l l w r i g h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e in th e t r a d e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s i n .t h e s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u ch as k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and e q u ip m e n t; a s s i s t in g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k ille d t a s k s as d i r e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n . T h e k in d o f w o r k th e h e l p e r is p e r m it t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e t o t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lif t in g , and h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s , and c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s h e is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th at a r e a ls o p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e b a s is . M A C H I N E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t in g o n e o r m o r e th a n o n e ty p e o f m a c h in e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g r in d in g m a c h in e , e n g in e la t h e , m illin g m a c h in e ) to m a c h in e m e t a l f o r u s e in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d if f ic u l t m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e c o m p l i c a t e d s e tu p s o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m a c h in e MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR (TOOLROOM)— Continued TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , i n s t a ll cu ttin g t o o l s and a d ju s t g u id e s , s t o p s , w o r k in g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n t r o l s to h a n d le th e s i z e o f s t o c k t o b e m a c h in e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e o r s e l e c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w in g s , b lu e p r in t s , o r la y o u t s ) ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s d u rin g m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is i t e d im e n s io n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s and c u ttin g and lu b r ic a t in g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e w h en t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and t o d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at th e s k i l l l e v e l c a lle d f o r in th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u ir e s e x t e n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . w o r k in g t o v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r t s and f in is h e d t o o l s a nd d ie s t o a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a lit ie s ; fit t in g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s t o p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , th e t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot in c lu d e t o o l and d ie m a k e r s w h o (1 ) a r e e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g s h o p s o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g in g d ie s (d ie s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R O p e r a t e s and m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t io n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s and e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to s u p p ly th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h e a t , r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r c o n d it io n in g . W o r k in v o l v e s : O p e r a t in g and m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h as s t e a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila t in g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t, s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l c o n s u m p t io n . M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e t h e s e o p e r a t i o n s . H e a d o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an o n e e n g in e e r a re e x c lu d e d . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot in c lu d e m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g sh op s. T O O L AN D DIE M A K E R C on stru cts and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , c u ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s u s e d in sh a p in g o r f o r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r , g la s s ). W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , o r o t h e r w r it t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s t a n d in g th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a ls and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r ia t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d to c o m p le t e t a s k ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t io n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g v a r io u s m a c h in e t o o l s and r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; u s in g v a r io u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r ’ s h a n d t o o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; B O IL E R T E N D E R F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s t o fu r n is h th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith h e a t , p o w e r , o r s t e a m . F e e d s f u e ls to f i r e b y h an d o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and s a fe t y v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t. M A TER IA L M O V E M E N T A N D C USTO DIAL T R U C K D R IV E R S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — C o n tin u e d D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a t o t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u ip m e n t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s su ch as: M a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t s , f r e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a le and r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a nd c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . S a l e s - r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f s h ip p in g p r o c ’e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n , and r a t e s ; an d p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f th e g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t and s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g th e m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t. R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r if y in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r if y in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , in v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u tin g m e r c h a n d is e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; and m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f ile s . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e and ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t, a s f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a te d on th e b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y .) T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o llo w s : lig h t t r u c k (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ) m e d iu m t r u c k (IV 2 t o and in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) h eavy tr u ck (tr a ile r ) (o v e r 4 to n s) h e a v y t r u c k (o t h e r th an t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 t o n s ) S h ip p in g c l e r k R e c e iv in g c le r k S h ip p in g and r e c e i v i n g c l e r k S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K W A R E H O US E M AN P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s ib le f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n ts o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s . S h ip p in g w o r k A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s w h ic h r e q u ir e an u n d e r s t a n d in g o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's s t o r a g e p la n . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t 38 W A R E H O U SE M A N — Continued M A T E R IA L H AN DLING L A B O R E R — Continued o f th e f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r ia ls ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) a g a in s t r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n t s , n o tin g and r e p o r t in g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g m a t e r ia ls to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , s t a c k in g , o r p a lle t iz in g m a t e r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g in g and ta k in g in v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r ia ls and r e p o r t in g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r in g it f o r s h ip m e n t. M a y o p e r a t e h an d o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r f o r m in g w a r e h o u s in g d u t ie s . c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L on gshore w o r k e r s , w h o lo a d and u n lo a d s h ip s , a r e e x c lu d e d . E x c lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s in v o lv e s h ip p in g and r e c e iv in g w o r k ( s e e S h ip p in g and R e c e iv in g C le r k and S h ip p in g P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f illin g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t in g p o w e r t r u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) . P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r ia ls o f a ll k in d s a bou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e t r u c k , as f o llo w s : c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r - O R D E R F IL L E R F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f in is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r i n s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to f illin g o r d e r s and in d ic a t in g it e m s f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u tg o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is i t io n a d d i t io n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r r e la t e d d u tie s . S H IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s f in is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p la c in g th e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u pon th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u nits to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n t a in e r e m p lo y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n te n t; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e ty p e and s i z e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; and a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n t e r in g id e n tify in g da ta on c o n t a in e r . P a c k e r s w h o a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m f r e ig h t F o r k lift o p e r a to r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r (o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) G U ARD AND W A TC H M A N G u a rd. P e r f o r m s ro u tin e p o l i c e d u t ie s , e it h e r at f ix e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . I n c lu d e s g u a r d s w h o a r e s ta t io n e d at g a te and c h e c k o n id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o t h e r p e r s o n s e n t e r in g . W a tch m a n . M a k e s ro u n d s o f p r e m i s e s p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , th e ft , and i l l e g a l e n tr y . p e r io d ic a lly in p r o t e c t in g J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o llo w in g : S w e e p in g , m o p p in g o r s c r u b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u ip m e n t, f u r n it u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f ix t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c l u d e d . Available On Request T h e fo llo w in g a r e a s « .re s u r v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y fo r u s e in a d m in is t e r in g the S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t a v a ila b le at no c o s t f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s sh ow n on the b a c k c o v e r . A la s k a A lb a n y , G a. A lb u q u e r q u e , N. M ex . A le x a n d r ia , L a. A lp e n a , S ta n d ish , and T a w a s C it y , M ic h . Ann A r b o r , M ich . A s h e v i ll e , N .C . A t la n t ic C it y , N .J. A u g u s ta , G a.—S .C . B a k e r s f i e ld , C a lif. B a ton R o u g e , L a. B a ttle C r e e k , M ich . B ea u m on t—P o r t A rth u xM D ra n ge, T e x . B ilo x i—G u lfp o r t and P a s c a g o u la , M i s s . B o i s e C it y , Idaho B r e m e r t o n , W a sh . B r id g e p o r t , N o r w a lk , and S t a m fo r d , C onn. B r u n s w ic k , G a. B u r lin g t o n , V t.—N. Y. C ape C od , M a ss. C e d a r R a p id s , Iow a C h a m p a ig n —U rbana— a n tou l, 111. R C h a r le s t o n , S .C . C h a r lo t t e — a s t o n ia , N .C . G C h eyen n e, W yo. C l a r k s v i l l e —H o p k i n s v i l l e , A ct of 1965. S u r v e y r e s u lt s a r e p u b lis h e d in r e l e a s e s w h ic h , w h ile s u p p lie s la s t , a r e o r w ill be L o g a n s p o r t —P e r u , Ind. L o r a in — l y r ia , O h io E L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d.—V a .—D e l. L y n c h b u r g , V a. M a c o n , G a. M a d is o n , W is. M a n s fie ld , O h io M a r q u e tte , E s c a n a b a , Sault S te. M a r ie , M ich . M c A lle n —P h a r i^ E d in b u r g and B r o w n s v ille — H a rlin g e n — San B e n it o , T e x . M e d fo r d — la m a th F a l ls —G ra n ts P a s s , O r e g . K M e r id ia n , M i s s . M id d le s e x , M on m o u th , and O cea n C o s ., N .J . M o b ile and P e n s a c o l a , A la .—F la . M o n t g o m e r y , A la . N a s h v ille —D a v id s o n , T en n . N ew B e r n —J a c k s o n v il le , N .C . N ew L on don —N o r w ic h , C on n .—R .I . N o r th D a k ota , State o f O r la n d o , F la . O x n a r d — im i V a lle y —V e n tu r a , C a lif. S P a n a m a C it y , F la . P a r k e r sb u rg —M a r ie t t a , W. V a .— h io O P e o r i a , III. P h o e n ix , A r iz . T e n n .—K y . C o lo r a d o S p r in g s , C o lo . C o lu m b ia , S .C . C o lu m b u s , G a.— la . A C o lu m b u s , M i s s . C r a n e , Ind. D e c a t u r , 111. D e s M o in e s , Iow a D oth an , A la . D uluth— u p e r io r , M in n .—W is. S E l P a s o , T e x ., and A la m o g o r d o —L a s C r u c e s , N. M e x . E u g en e— p r in g fie ld , O r e g . S F a y e t t e v il le , N .C . F it c h b u r g —L e o m in s t e r , M a s s . F o r t S m ith , A r k .—O k la . F o r t W a yn e, Ind. F r e d e r i c k — a g e r s t o w n , M d .— h a m b e r s b u r g , P a .— H C M a r t in s b u r g , W. V a . G a d sd e n and A n n is t o n , A la . G o ld s b o r o , N .C . G ra n d I sla n d — a y in g s , N eb r. H G r e a t F a l ls , M on t. G uam , T e r r it o r y o f H a r r is b u r g —L eb a n o n , P a . H untington— s h la n d , W . V a.— y .— h io A K O K n o x v ille , T en n . L a C r o s s e , W is. L a red o, T ex. L a s V e g a s , N ev . L a w ton , O k la . L im a , O h io L it t le R o c k — orth L it t le R o c k , A r k . N P in e B lu ff, A r k . P o c a t e ll o — Ida ho F a l l s , Idaho P o r t s m o u t h , N .H .—M a in e—M a s s . P u e b lo , C o lo . P u e r t o R ic o R e n o , N ev . R ich la n d — e n n e w ic k —W a lla W a lla — K P e n d le to n , W a sh .—O r e g . R iv e r s id e — San B e r n a r d in o — n t a r io , C a lif. O S a lin a , K a n s . S a lin a s—S e a s id e —M o n t e r e y , C a lif. S a n d u sk y, O h io Santa B a r b a r a —Santa M a ria —L o m p o c , C a lif. Savannah, G a. S e lm a , A la . S h erm a n —D e n is o n , T e x . S h r e v e p o r t , L a. S iou x F a l ls , S. D ak. S p ok a n e, W a sh . S p r in g fie ld , 111. S p r in g fi e ld -C h i c o p e e — o ly o k e , M a s s .— o n n . H C S to ck to n , C a li f. T a c o m a , W a sh . T am par-St. P e t e r s b u r g , F la . T op ek a , K ans. T u cs o n , A r iz . T u ls a , O k la . V a ll e jo — a i r f i e ld — apa, C a lif. F N W a co and K ille e n —T e m p le , T e x . W a t e r lo o — e d a r F a l l s , Iow a C W est T e x a s P la in s W ilm in g to n , D e l.—N .J .—M d. A n an n u al r e p o r t on s a la r i e s f o r a c c o u n ta n t s , a u d i t o r s , c h ie f a c c o u n ta n t s , a t t o r n e y s , jo b a n a ly s t s , d i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l , b u y e r s , c h e m i s t s , e n g in e e r s , e n g in e e r in g t e c h n ic ia n s , d r a f t e r s , and c l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s i s a v a ila b le . O r d e r a s B L S B u lle t in 1 8 9 1 , N a tio n a l S u rv e y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m in is t r a t iv e , T e c h n i c a l, and C l e r i c a l P a y , M a r c h 1 9 7 5 . $ 1 .4 0 a c o p y , f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l s a le s o f f i c e s sh ow n on th e b a c k c o v e r , o r fr o m th e S u p erin ten d en t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in tin g O f f i c e , W a sh in g ton , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 . Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f the la t e s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s o r b u lle t in s u p p le m e n ts is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s tu d ie s in clu d in g m o r e lim it e d s tu d ie s co n d u c te d a t the r e q u e s t of the E m p lo y m e n t S ta n d a rd s A d m in is t r a t io n o f th e D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t. B u lle tin s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s show n on the b a c k c o v e r . B u lletin s u p p le m e n ts m a y be o b ta in e d w ith ou t c o s t , w h e r e in d ic a t e d , f r o m BL S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . A rea B u lletin n u m b e r and p r i c e * A k r o n , O h io, D e c . 1975 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 -8 0 , A lba n y —S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y , N .Y ., Sept. 1975 1___________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 3 , A n a h e im — Santa A na—G a rd en G r o v e , C a lif., O ct. 1975 1 ________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 5 , A tla n ta , G a ., M ay 1975 1 ___________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 5 , A u s tin , T e x ., D e c . 1975 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 8 5 0 -8 3 , B a lt im o r e , M d ., A ug. 1975 1 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 2 , B illin g s , M o n t., J u ly 1 9 7 5 ___________________ _____________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 6 , B in g h a m ton , N .Y .—P a ., J u ly 1975 ________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 0 , B irm in g h a m , A l a ., M a r. 1976 1____________________ _______________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -1 1 , B o s to n , M a s s ., A u g . 1975 1________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 8 , B u ffa lo , N .Y ., O ct. 1 9 7 5 1 . . . ______ ______________________________ ___________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 9 , C anton, O h io, M ay 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________________________Suppl. C h a tta n oog a , T e n n .- G a ., Sept. 1975 1____________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 7 , C h ic a g o , 111., M ay 1975 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 3 , C in cin n a ti, O h io—K y.—I n d ., M a r. 1 9 7 6 ___________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -7 , C le v e la n d , O h io, Sept. 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 4 , C o lu m b u s , O h io, O ct. 1975 1 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 8 , C o r p u s C h r is t i, T e x ., J u ly 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 7 , D a lla s —F o r t W o rth , T e x . , O ct. 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 9 , D a v en p ort—R o c k Isla n d — o lin e , Iowa—111., F e b . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________Suppl. M D ay ton , O h io, D e c . 1 9 7 5 „ __________ _______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 3 , D ayton a B e a ch , F la ., A u g . 1975----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 -4 7 , D e n v e r—B o u ld e r , C o l o ., D e c . 1975_______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -8 2 , D e t r o it , M ic h ., M a r . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 2 , F o r t L a u d e rd a le —H o lly w o o d and W est P a lm B e a c h B o c a R a ton , F la ., A p r . 1975 1 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 6 , F r e s n o , C a lif., June 1975 1________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 1 , G a in e s v ille , F la ., Sept. 1975 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 7 , G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u ly 1975 1 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 4 , G r e e n s b o r o — in s t o n -S a le m —H igh P o in t, N .C ., A ug. 1 9 7 5 ____________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 9 , W G r e e n v ille —S p a rta n b u rg , S .C ., June 1975 _______________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 2 , H a r tfo r d , C on n ., M a r. 1975 1 ______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 8 , H ou ston , T e x ., A p r . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________ Suppl. H u n ts v ille , A l a ., F e b . 1975 _______________________________________________________________ Suppl. In d ia n a p o lis , In d ., O ct. 1975 1 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 6 , J a c k s o n , M i s s ., F e b . 1976 ________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -8 , J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., D e c. 1975 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -8 1 , K an sas C ity , M o .-K a n s ., Sept. 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 5 , L e x in g to n — a y e tte , K y ., N ov . 1975 1________ _____________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -8 4 , F L o s A n g e le s —L on g B e a ch , C a lif., O ct. 197 5*_________________________________1_________ 1 8 5 0 -8 6 , L o u is v i ll e , K y.—I n d ., N ov. 1975 _________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 9 , M e lb o u rn e —T it u s v ille —C o c o a , F la ., A u g . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 4 , M e m p h is , T en n .— r k .—M i s s . , N ov . 1975 ________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -8 5 , A * Prices are determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. 2 T o be surveyed. 45 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 85 ce n ts $ 1 .0 0 75 ce n ts $ 1 .3 0 65 cen ts 65 cen ts 95 ce n ts $ 1 .5 0 95 ce n ts F ree 85 cen ts 85 cen ts 75 ce n ts $ 1 .3 0 95 ce n ts 65 ce n ts $ 1 .5 0 F ree 45 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 85 ce n ts 80 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .1 0 80 cen ts 65 ce n ts 65 cen ts 80 ce n ts F ree F ree 95 ce n ts 55 ce n ts 45 ce n ts 80 cen ts 75 c e n ts $ 1 .1 5 45 ce n ts 65 cen ts 45 ce n ts A rea B u lletin n u m b er and p r ic e * M ia m i, F la ., O ct. 1975______________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 6 , M ilw a u k e e , W is ., A p r . 1975 1______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 1 , M in n e a p o lis — St. P a u l, M in n .—W is ., Jan. 1976____________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -3 , N a ssa u — u ffo lk , N .Y ., June 1975 1_________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 9 , S N ew a rk , N .J ., Jan. 1976____ ________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 0 , N ew O r le a n s , L a ., Jan. 1976 _______________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -2 , N ew Y o r k , N .Y .- N .J ., M ay 1975 1 __________________ ______________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 5 , N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B ea ch —P o r t s m o u t h , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1975 ___________________________ 1 6 5 0 -2 9 . N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a ch — o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o rt N ew s— P H a m pton , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1975 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 0 , N o r th e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1975 _______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 2 , O k la h om a C ity , Ok l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 1 , O m aha, N e b r.—Iow a, O ct. 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 6 , P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a ic , N .J ., June 197 5 1____________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 8 , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J ., N ov. 1975 ____________________ ____________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 5 , P itts b u r g h , P a ., Jan. 1976 1________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -1 , P o r tla n d , M a in e, N ov. 1975_______________________________________________________ ____ _____ 1 8 5 0 -7 2 , P o r t la n d , O r e g .—W a sh ., M a y 1975 ____________________________ ______ _____________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 0 , P o u g h k e e p s ie , N .Y ., J une 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 0 , P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in g ston —N ew b u rg h , N .Y ., June 1 975 1 _________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 8 , P r o v id e n c e — a rw ic k —P a w tu ck et, R .I ., —M a s s . , June 1975 ____________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 7 , W R a le ig h — u rh a m , N. C . , F e b . 1975 ________________________________________________________ Suppl. D R ich m o n d , V a ., June 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 1 , St. L o u is , M o .— 111., M a r. 197 5 _____________________________________________________________ Suppl. S a c r a m e n to , C a li f., D e c . 1975______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -8 7 , Sa gin a w , M i c h ., N ov. 1975__________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 1 , Salt L ak e City—O gd en , Utah, N ov. 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 4 , San A n to n io , T e x ., M a y 1975 ______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 3 , San D ie g o , C a lif., N ov. 197 5______________ __________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 7 , San F r a n c i s c o — ak land, C a lif., M a r. 1976_______________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -9 , O San J o s e , C a lif., M a r . 1975 1 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 6 , S ea ttle—E v e r e t t , W a sh ., Jan. 1976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 0 0 -b, South B e n d , Ind., M a r. 1976 _______________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -5 , S ta m fo r d , C onn. 1 2 ___________________________________________________ _______________________ S y r a c u s e , N .Y ., J u ly 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 3 , T o le d o , O h io— ic h ., M a y 1975 1 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 4 , M T re n to n , N .J ., Sept. 1975 1 ____________ ________________________________ ____________________ 1 8 5 0 -6 0 , U tica —R o m e , N .Y ., J u ly 1975 1 _____________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -4 8 , W a sh in gton , D. C .—M d.—V a ., M a y . 1975 1__________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -3 1 , W e s t c h e s t e r C ounty, N. Y . , M a y 1975 1____________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -5 3 , W ich ita , K a n s ., A p r . 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________ Suppl. W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., M a y 1975 1 ________________________________________ ____________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 4 , Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1976________________________________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 -4 , 95 ce n ts 85 ce n ts 95 c e n t s $ 1 .0 0 85 ce n ts 75 c e n ts $ 1 .1 0 65 CC ts 65 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 65 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 80 ce n ts 85 ce n ts $ 1 .1 5 45 ce n ts 75 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 75 c e n t s 75 c e n ts F ree 65 ce n ts F ree 45 c e n ts 35 c e n ts 75 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 45 ce n ts 95 ce n ts 85 ce n ts b5 ce n ts 55 ce n ts 65 ce n ts 80 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 80 ce n ts $ 1 .0 0 80 ce n ts F ree 80 ce n ts 5 ce n ts U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region- I Region II 1603 JFK Federal Building Suite 3400 Government Center 1515 Broadway Boston, Mass. 02203 New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 21?) 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