Full text of Area Wage Survey : Area Wage Survey: Billings, Montana, Metropolitan Area, July 1978 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 2025-38

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sL *= ? / J .

S'-3

Area
Wage
Survey

F

Billings, Montana,
Metropolitan Area
July 1978

Bulletin 2025-38
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics

&

____________________ ^

4P#

go*

Yellowstone

v*'




Billings
r'

Preface
T h is bu lletin p r o v id e s re su lts o f a July 1978 su rv ey o f occu p a tion a l
earnings in the B illin g s , M ontana, Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a .
The su rvey w as m ade as part o f the Bureau o f L ab or S t a t is t ic s ' annual
area wage su rv ey p r o g r a m . It w as condu cted by the B u rea u 's reg ion a l
o ffic e in Kansas C ity, M o ., under the g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n o f E dw ard Chaiken,
A ssista n t R eg ion a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p era tion s.
The su rv e y cou ld not
have been a c c o m p lis h e d without the c o o p e ra tio n o f the m any fir m s w h ose
wage and sa la ry data p ro v id e d the b a sis fo r the s ta tistica l in form a tion in




this bu lletin .
The Bureau w ish es to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p re cia tio n
c o o p e ra tio n r e ce iv e d .

fo r the

M a te ria l in this p u blica tion is in the p u b lic dom ain and m ay be
r ep rod u ced without p e r m is s io n of the F e d e r a l G ov ern m en t. P le a s e cre d it
the B ureau o f L ab or S tatistics and c ite the n am e and n u m ber o f this
p u blica tion .

Area
Wage
Survey

Billings, Montana,
Metropolitan Area
July 1978

U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner

Contents

Page

Page

October 1978
Bulletin 2025-38

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Documents



Introduction

2

Tables:
A. Earnings, all establishm ents:
A - l . Weekly earnings of o ffic e w ork ers__ 3
A -2 . Weekly earnings o f p rofession a l
and technical w o r k e r s _____________ 4
A -3 . Average weekly earnings of
office , profession a l, and
technical w ork ers, by s e x ________ 5
A - 4. Hourly earnings o f maintenance,
toolroom , and powerplant
w ork ers____________________________ 6
A - 5. Hourly earnings o f m aterial
m ovem ent and custodial w ork ers__ 7
A - 6. A verage hourly earnings of
m aintenance, toolroom , pow erplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and
custodial w ork ers, by s e x ________ 8
A -7 . P ercen t in creases in average
hourly earnings, adjusted for
employm ent shifts, for selected
occupational g rou p s________________ 9

Appendix A . Scope and method of s u r v e y ________ 10
Appendix B. Occupational d escrip tion s___________ 13

Introduction
T h is a rea is 1 o f 75 in w hich the U.S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r 's Bureau
o f L a b or S ta tistics condu cts su rv ey s o f occu p a tio n a l earn in gs and related
b e n e fits. (See lis t o f a rea s on in sid e ba ck c o v e r .) In each a r e a , o ccu p a tion a l
earn ings data (A - s e r ie s ta b le s ) are c o lle c t e d annually. In form a tion on e s ta b ­
lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su pplem en tary w age b en efits (B - s e r ie s ta b le s ) is
obtained e v e r y th ird y e a r . T his r e p o rt has no B - s e r i e s ta b le s .
E ach y e a r a fter all in dividu al a re a w age su rv ey s have been c o m ­
p leted , tw o su m m ary b u lletin s are is s u e d . The fir s t b rin g s to g e th e r data
fo r each m etro p o lita n a re a su rv e y e d ; the se co n d p re se n ts n ational and
reg ion a l e s tim a te s , p r o je c te d fr o m in dividu al m etro p o lita n a re a data, fo r
a ll Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a s in the U nited S tates, exclu din g
A lask a and H awaii.
A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a rea w age su rv e y p r o g r a m is the n eed
to d e s c r ib e the le v e l and m ov em en t o f w ages in a v a r ie ty o f la b o r m a rk e ts,
through the a n alysis o f (1) the le v e l and d istrib u tion o f w ages by o ccu p a tion ,
and (2) the m ov em en t o f w ages by occu p a tion a l c a te g o r y and s k ill le v e l. The
p r o g r a m d ev elop s in form a tion that m a y be u sed fo r m any p u r p o s e s , including
w age and sa la ry a d m in istra tion , c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g , and a s s is ta n c e in
d eterm in in g plant lo c a tio n . S u rvey re su lts a lso a re used by the U.S. D epart­
m ent o f L a b o r to m ake w age d eterm in a tion s under the S e r v ic e C on tract A ct
o f 1965.




A - s e r i e s tables
T ab les A - l through A -6 p r o v id e e stim a te s o f stra ig h t-tim e w eekly
o r h ou rly earnings fo r w o rk e r s in occu p a tio n s com m on to a v a r ie ty of
m anu factu ring and nonm anufacturing in d u s tr ie s . F o r the 31 la r g e s t su rv ey
a r e a s , ta b les A -8 through A - 13 p r o v id e s im ila r data fo r esta b lish m en ts
em p loyin g 500 w ork ers o r m o r e .
T able A -7 p ro v id e s p ercen t changes in av era g e h ou rly earn ings
o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s , in du stria l
n u r s e s , sk illed m aintenance tra d es w o r k e r s , and u nskilled plant w o r k e r s .
W here p o s s ib le , data are p resen ted fo r a ll in d u strie s and fo r m a n u fa c­
turing and nonm anufacturing se p a ra te ly . Data are not p re se n te d fo r s k ille d
m ain ten an ce w ork ers in n onm anufacturing b e c a u s e the n um ber o f w o rk e r s
e m p loy ed in this occu p ation al grou p in n onm anufacturing is to o s m a ll to
w arrant sep arate presen ta tion . T his ta ble p r o v id e s a m e a s u re o f w age
tren d s a fter elinim ation o f changes in a v era g e earn in g s ca u sed by e m p lo y ­
m ent sh ifts among estab lish m en ts as w e ll as tu rn o v e r o f esta b lish m en ts
in cluded in su rvey sa m p les. F o r fu rth er d e ta ils , see appendix A.
A ppendixes
Appendix A d e s c r ib e s the m eth od s and con cep ts u sed in the a rea
w age su rv ey p rog ra m and p rov id es in fo rm a tio n on the s c o p e o f the su rv ey .
Appendix B p ro v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s u sed by B u reau fie ld e c o n o ­
m ists to c la s s ify w o rk e r s by occu p a tion .

A.

E a rn in g s

Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Billings, Mont., July 1978
^^"weekl^Tarnlng^^^™
(standard)
Number

Average
weekly

woiken

(standard]

O ccu pa tion and in d u stry d iv is io n

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of—
$

I
100
Mean2

Median2

Middle range 2

$
105

S

$
110

115

$

i
120

130

$
140

$
15 0

$
16 0

S
170

$
180

$
1 90

$

$
2 00

2 10

S

$

$
2 20

2 40

260

*
280

t
300

t
320

and
under
10 5

340
and

110

115

120

120

1 40

150

1 60

170

18 0

190

200

2 10

2 20

240

26 0

280

300

320

3 40

over

-

~

18

11

5

3
2
1

4
1
3

1
1
-

3

1
1
-

-

i

-

-

2
1
1
1

1

i
2
2

1
_

-

13
2
11
1

ALL WORKERS
SECRETARIES ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------

81
10
71
11

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
40.0
4 0 .0

$
180 .00
2 12 .50
1 75.50
2 21 .50

$
172.50
2 00.50
1 70.50
2 24.50

$
$
1 5 5 .5 0 -1 9 5 .5 0
1 9 0 .5 0 -2 2 0 .0 0
1 5 0 .5 0 -1 9 0 .0 0

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

SECR ET ARI ES.

CLASS

A ----------------------------

8

39.0

2 43.50

2 23.50

SECR ET ARI ES.

CLASS

B ---------------------------

9

4 0 .0

2 00.00

1 95 .50

SECR ET ARI ES. CLASS C ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

29
28

40.0
4 0 .0

1 76 .50
1 74 .50

1 72 .50
1 72 .00

1 6 1 .0 0 -1 7 9 .0 0
1 6 0 .5 0 -1 7 4 .0 0

-

S ECR ET ARI ES.

D ---------------------------

25

4 0.0

1 73 .00

170.00

1 4 4 .0 0 -1 9 0 .0 0

-

-

-

STENOGRAPHERS ------------------------------------------------

2 07 .00 -2 66 .50

-

-

-

CLASS

-

-

-

-

18
1

11
2

-

17
1
16
1

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

2

-

-

1

1

-

-

5

1

-

-

13
13

2
1

1
-

1
-

_

"

3

-

7

-

1

2

1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

2
2

4
4

3
3

-

-

-

11

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

3

1

2

1

“

1
1

-

1
1

-

-

1

-

i

-

-

1

-

-

-

2
2

1
1

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

3

7

1

8

3

1

-

-

-

i
i

32

4 0.0

2 31 .50

224.50

GENERAL -----------------------

8

4 0.0

1 97 .00

199.50

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

TYP IS TS ---------------------------------------------------------------

8

4 0.0

151.00

1 40 .50

-

-

-

-

-

2

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

i

-

-

-

-

-

-

FILE CLERKS. CLASS B --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

32
32

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 22 .00
1 22.00

1 21 .50
1 21 .50

-

-

6
6

4
4

19
19

2
2

1
1

FILE CLERK S. CLASS C --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

13
13

4 0 .0
4 0.0

1 11 .00
111 .00

106.00
1 06.00

-

-

7
7

3

“

1
1

2
2

8

4 0 .0

1 47 .50

1 06.00

-

-

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

1
1

3
3

3

-

-

2
2

3
2

-

1
1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1

_

-

9
9

1

-

1

-

3

1
1

1
1
1

3
1
2
1

5
5

1
1
-

-

2
2
2

3

-

3

3
1

3
1
2
2

3
3

“
“

“

2
2
1

5
5

-

-

3

-

-

2
2
2

1
1

-

1
1

-

-

-

-

-

STENOGRAPHERS.

FIL E

clerks:

1 1 7 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0
1 1 7 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0

~

~

3

messengers:

NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

14
12

39.5
39.5

1 28 .50
124 .50

121.50
1 10 .00

-

SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR—RE C E P T I O N I S T S NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

13
10

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

147 .00
1 34.50

1 32 .00
1 32 .00

-

ACCOUNTING CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------

78
12
86
15

39.5
4 0 .0
3 9.5
40.0

1 80.00
228.50
1 71 .50
2 16 .50

166.00
1 72.50
164.00
189.00

ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A ------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------

37
31
14

3 9.5
39.5
4 0 .0

2 10 .00
1 98 .00
2 21.50

ACCOUNTING CLERKS, CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------------

41
6
35

40.0
40.0
39.5

PAYROLL CLERKS ----------------------------------------------

7

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- *

*

W orkers

w ere

S ee fo o tn o te s

distributed

as

follow s:

1 4 7 .0 0 -1 8 8 .0 0

-

-

3

-

8

1

-

“

“

22
4
18
3

8

9

-

-

8

9
1

5
2
3
1

-

-

~

1 3 8 .5 0 -1 7 3 .5 0
1 6 8 .0 0 -2 9 2 .0 0

-

1
“

-

“

173.50
173.50
1 95.00

1 6 0 .0 0 -2 3 3 .5 0
1 6 0 .0 0 -2 3 3 .5 0

-

-

-

-

1
1
~

3
3
“

2
2
~

2
1
1

9
7
3

2
2
1

2
2
2

-

-

1
1
1

1 5 3 .50
1 86.50
1 48.00

1 52.00
1 70.00
1 48 .00

1 3 2 .0 0 -1 6 8 .0 0

-

-

-

7
7

3
1
2

13
2
11

1

1
1
“

-

“

5
~
5

1

“

7
7

1

~

1
1

1

-

-

-

4 0 .0

184 .50

1 90.00

~

-

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

2

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

37
33

3 9 .5
3 9 .5

145 .00
1 43 .00

140.00
1 40 .00

-

-

2
2

-

2
2

15
14

1

2

-

4
4

14

39.5
39.5

1 49 .00
1 46.00

1 44.00
1 44.00

-

-

-

3
3

2
2

3
2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

11

1 at $ 3 4 0 t o

$360;

1 3 2 .0 0 -1 6 8 .0 0
1 4 0 .0 0 -1 5 4 .0 0
1 4 0 .0 0 -1 5 4 .0 0
-

and 2 at $ 3 8 0 to

-

8

“

$400.

a t en d o f t a b l e s .




-

1

3

_

7
6

1

3

1

1

2
2

1
1

2

1

~

~

“

~

-

3
3

3
”

~

Table A -2 .

W e e kly earnings of professional and te c h n ica l w orkers in Billings, M o n t., July 1978
^^^Weekl^^arning^^™
(standard)
Number

O ccu pa tion and in d u str y d iv is io n
workers

Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)

N u m b er o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g str aigh t-tim e we ekly earnings o f—
$

Mean2

Median2

Middle range 2

S

S
16 0

S

*

J

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

*

$

$

$

$

*

18 0

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

27 0

280

290

300

310

3 20

330

340

360

3 80

180

19 0

20 0

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

28 0

290

300

310

320

330

340

360

380

40 0

.

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

"

2

19
15

5

and
under
1 70

ALL WORKERS
------

9

39.5

$
250*50

$
2 59 .00

COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------

11
10

<*0.0
4 0 .0

1 72 .50
174 .50

1 60 .00
160 .00

DRAFTERS.

15

40.0

2 41 .50

2 26 .50

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS

CLASS

(B U S I N E S S )

B ---------------------------------------

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS ------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

S ee f o o t n o t e s

29
25

40.0
40.0

3 63 .00
3 61 .00

3 66.00
3 66.00

$
$
2 1 5 .0 0 -2 3 0 .0 0

7
6

1
1

-

1
1

1
1

1
1

-

-

-

-

1

4

4

3

-

6

-

*

-

-

1

1
-

3 6 6 .0 0 -3 7 6 .5 0
3 6 6 .0 0 -3 6 6 .0 0

at en d o f t a b l e s .




-

1

1
~

$

$

170

4

1
1

-

2
2

1
-

T ab le A -3 . A verag e w e e k ly earnings of o ffic e , professional, and technical w o rkers, by sex,

in Billings, Mont., July 1978
A verage
(m e a n 2 )

Sex, 3 occu pa tion ,

OFFICE

and in d u stry d iv isio n

OCCUPATIONS -

Number
of
workers

W eek by
hours
(standard)

W eekly
earnings1
(standard)

WOMEN

SECRETARIES ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------

81
10
71
11

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0.0
4 0 .0

$
1 80.00
212.50
1 75 .50
2 21 .50

Sex, 3 o cc u p a tio n ,

a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n

W eek ly
hours1
(standard)

W eek ly
earnings1
(standard)

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED
F ILE CLERKS -

CONTINUED
13
13

40.0
40.0

1 1 1 .0 0
1 1 1 .0 0

G

39.0

2 43 .50

SECRE TA RIES.

CLASS

B ---------------------------

9

4 0.0

2 00 .00

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

14
12

39. 5 128 .50
3 9 .5 124 .50

SECRE TA RIES. CLASS C --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

29
26

4 0 .0
40.0

1 76 .50
1 74.50

SWITCHBOARD OPE RAT OR- RE CEP TI0 NIS TS NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

13
10

40.0
40.0

147 .00
134 .50

25

40.0

173*00
MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

64
9
55

39.5
40.0
39.5

1 58.50
189 .00
153 .50

a

4 0.0

1 97 .00

TYP IS TS --------------------------------------------------------------

6

4 0 .0

151 .00

ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B ------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

40
35

4 0.0
3 9.5

1 51 .00
1 48 .00

FILE CLERKS ----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

■*5
45

40.0
4 0 .0

1 19 .00
119 .00

PAYROLL CLERKS ---------------------------------------------

7

4 0.0

184 .50

40.0

122 .00
122 .00

37

39.5
39.5

145 .00
1 43 .00

CLERKS * CLASS

S ee f o o t n o t e s

B

at en d o f t a b l e s .




W eekly
hours1
(standard)

W eekly
earnings1
(standard)

5

CONTINUED

$

A ---------------------------

FILE

and in dustry d iv is io n

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS -

FILE CLERKS. CLASS C --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

CLASS

GENERAL ---------------------------

Sex, 3 occupation,

Number
of
workers

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED

SECRE TA RIES.

STENOGRAPHERS.

A verage
(m e a n 2 )

A vera ge
(m ean 2 )
Number
of
workers

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

$
1<»9.Q0
1 46 .00

i<*
ii

2 9 .5
39.5

15

*10.0

25
25

4 0.0
40.0

3 61.00
361.00

40.0

1 71 .00

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN

DRAF TERS» CLAbS

E)

ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS ------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN

Table A -4 .

Hourly earnings of m a in ten an ce, toolroom , and p o w e rp la n t w orkers in Billings, M o n t., July 1978
N u m b er of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s tr aigh t-tim e hourly earnings of—

Hourly earnings *

1
5 .8 3

O c c u p a t i o n a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n
M ean 2

M e d ian 2

r and
under
6 .0 0

*

*

$

6 .0 0

6 .2 0

6 .1 0

_
6 .2 0

"s

_

_

6 .1 0

6 .6 0

6 .6 0
_

i

$

$

1

i

$

*

5

$

s

i

i

i

i

*

i

6 .8 0

7 .0 0

7 .2 0

7 .1 0

7 .6 0

7 .8 0

8 .0 0

8 .2 0

8 .1 0

8 .6 0

8 .8 0

9 .0 0

9 .2 0

9 .1 0

9 .6 0

9 .8 0 1 0 .0 0

_

_

_

7 .2 0

7 .1 0

7 .6 0

8 .6 0

8 .8 0

9 .0 0

9 .2 0

9 .1 0

9 .6 0

8
7

7
5

_

6 .8 0

7 .0 0

_

_

7 .8 0

_
8 .0 0

_
8 .2 0

_
8 .1 0

_

_

_

_

_

*
_

9 .8 0 1 0 .0 0 1 0 .2 0

ALL WORKERS

$

$

$

9 .1 5 9 .1 5 -

9 .3 6
9 .3 6

MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS
MANUFACTURING ----------------

18
15

8 .9 1
8 .8 7

$
9 .1 7
9 .1 5

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS ( MACHINERT) MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

11
11

7 .6 5
7 .6 5

7 .5 9
7 .5 9

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
(MOTOR VEHICLES) -----------NONMANUFACTURING ------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S —

20
17
16

8 .6 2
8 .9 1
9 .0 9

8 .8 0
8 .8 0
9.1 7

8 . 12- 1 0 . 1 1

MAINTENANCE PIPE F IT T ER S ------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

30
30

9 .2 3
9 .2 3

9 .1 8
9 .1 8

9 .1 5 9 .1 5 -

9 .3 6
9 .3 6

STATIONARY ENGINEERS
MANUFACTURING -------

20
15

8 .2 6
9 .1 1

9 .6 6
9 .6 6

7 .3 8 8 .7 1 -

9 .6 6
9 .7 7

3
3
2
2

7 .2 8 1 0 .1 1
7 .2 8 - 1 0 .1 1

3
3

-

2

1
1

2

1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1

8
8
8

20
20
3
3

S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s .




-

6

1
-

-

1
-

1

10
10
7
7

H ourly earnings of m aterial m ovem ent and custodial w orkers in Billings, M o n t., July 1978
Hourly earnings *

O ccu pation and in du stry d iv isio n

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of ---$
2 .6 0

of
workers

Mean 2

Median2

Middle range 2

2.00 2.20

L IG H T

TRUCK -----------

T R U C K D R IV E R S . MEDIUM TRUCK ---------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

82
52

$
7 .6 1
6 .9 4
7 .8 0
9 .0 9

$
8 .9 7
6 .9 5
9.2 7
9 .2 7

7

4 .2 7

2 .5 0

52
45

8 .0 6
8 .5 6

9 .2 7
9.2 7

104

22

$
5 .9 5 4 .9 9 5 .9 5 9 .2 7 -

6.8 2 6 .8 2 -

$
9 .2 7
8 .4 9
9 .2 7
9 .4 2
9 .2 7
9 .2 7

T R U C K D R IV E R S . T R A C T O R -T R A IL E R ---NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

21

7 .2 9
7 .5 0

6 .9 5
5 .9 5

R E C E IV E R S -----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

14
14

5 .6 2
5 .6 2

5 .7 5
5 .7 5

WAREHOUSEMEN ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

172
172

5 .2 2
5 .2 1

5 .7 5
5 .7 5

5 .1 5 5 .1 1 -

5 .7 5
5 .7 5

2.00 2.20

29

5 .9 5 5 .9 5 _

-

$
2 .4 0

*
2 .6 0

$
2 .8 0

$
4 .0 0

S
4 .4 0

*
4 .6 0

$
4 .8 0

$

6 .0 0

*
6 .4 0

$
6 .8 0

$
7 .2 0

$
7 .6 0

4

.20

*
5 .6 0

$

4 .2 0

8.00 8. 4 0

$
3 .80

2 .40

2 .6 0

2 .8 0

4 .0 0

4.20

4 .4 0

4 .6 0

4 .8 0

5 .2 0

5 .6 0

6 .0 0

6 .4 0

6 .8 0

7 .2 0

7 .6 0

8.00

8. 8 0

9 .20 9 . 6 0

1

4

~

-

-

14

~

-

8
6
6

i
i
-

-

“

t

-

-

-

-

1

-

_

_

2

1

-

~

-

1

-

4

-

-

1

-

4

-

_

_

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

2
2

------9 .2 0

1
1

22

-

22

-

“

“

“

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

i

-

-

-

3
-

1

6
6

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

33

-

-

6
6

~

“

-

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

14
14

-

1

-

-

-

9 .4 2
9 .4 2

6
6

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

-

19
19

21

5 .6 9

5.9 0

5 .2 5 -

6 .2 7

15
15

4 .5 2
4 .5 2

4 .5 5
4 .5 5

2 .7 1 2 .7 1 -

5 .5 0
5 .5 0

-

JA N IT O R S . P O R T E R S . AND CLEAN ERS ---MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

15 2
2G
12 6

2 .8 1
5 .2 2
2 .4 9

2 .2 5
5 .4 4
2 .0 9

2 .7 5 2 .9 4 2 .7 0 -

4 .9 5
5 .8 6
4 .0 0

41
3

11

28

11

-

-

-

“

6
6

-

-

-

19
19

1
1

13
13

-

_

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

5
5

4
3

1

i

1

S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s.

7

2

4
4

20
20

1
1

3
3
-

-

17
17

-----------------------------------




-

2
1
1

-

S H IP P IN G PACKERS -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

ORDER F I L L E R S

$

WORKERS

TRUCKDRIVERS ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S ---------------------TRU C K D R IV E R S t

$

2 .8 0

an d
under
2 .8 0

ALL

%

OD
•C
o

T a b le A -5 .

99
99

5
5

5

10

6

3
3

3
3

15
5

9

-

-

-

6

1

6

_

8

-

-

-

-

6

1

3
3

3

10

“

”

52
5
47
47

22

“

8
8

28
28

_

-

6
3

-

-

-

-

-

10
-

1

1

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

4
4

1
1

-

-




Table A -6 . A verage hourly earnings of m aintenance, toolroom
p o w e rp la n t, m a te ria l m ovem ent, and custodial w orkers,
by sex, in Billings, M o n t., July 1978
Sex, 3 o cc u p a tion , and in d u stry d iv isio n

Number
of
woikers

(m ean^
hourly
earnings

occupation,

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

Number
of
workers

A vera ge
(m e a n 2 )
hourly
earnings4

MATERIAL MOVEMENT ANO CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED

MAINTENANCES TOOLROOM, AND
POWERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN
MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS ---------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n

18
15

14
14

8 .9 4
8 .8 7

TRUCKORIVERS -

CONTINUED
$

7 .6 5
7 .6 5

47
39

8 .8 2

TRUCKDRIVERS, TRACTOR-TRAILER -----NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

39
31

7 .3 9
7 .5 0

14
14

5 .6 2
5 .6 2

16 3
16 2

5 .3 0
5 .2 8

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
(MOTOR VEHICLES) --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------

17
16

8 .6 2
8 .9 1
9 .0 9

RECEIVERS --------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

MAINTENANCE P IPE FI TTE RS
MANUFACTURING --------------

30
30

9 .2 3
9 .2 3

WAREHOUSEMEN -------------NONMANUFACTURING

STATIONARY ENGINEERS
MANUFACTURING -------

20
15

8 .2 6
9 .1 4

20

8.22

TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM TRUCK ------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

ORDER FILLE RS -----------------------------------------------

31

5 .6 9

J AN IT ORS , PORTERS, AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

10 3
24
79

4 .0 4
5 .0 9
3 .7 2

48
46

3 .2 5
3 .0 3

MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN

TRUCKDRIVERS -------------MANUFACTURING ---NONMANUFACTURING
TRUCKDRIVERS,

LIGHT

TRUCK

98
22
76

7 .6 6
6 .9 4
7 .8 7

7

4 .2 7

MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN

J AN IT ORS , PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -----NONMANUFACTURING

S e e f o o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b l e s .

8

Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts.
for selected occupational groups in Billings, Mont., for selected periods
I n d u s t r y a n d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p 5

A ll in d u s t r ie s :
O ffic e c l e r i c a l
E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g
I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s _________________________________________
.S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s
U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s _______________________________
M a n u fa c t u r in g :
O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ____________________________________________
E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g ___ ___
_ ___
_
In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s
S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s _____________________________
U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s ..........
............................... ..
N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g :
O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ______________________________
____ ______
E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g
I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s _________________________________________
U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s _________________________________

J u ly 1975
to
J u ly 1 9 7 6

J u ly 1 97 4
to
J u ly 1975

J u ly 1 97 6
to
J u ly 1 97 7

J u ly 1 97 7
to
J u ly 1 97 8

6 .5

9.1

8.1

7 .6

( 6)
( 6)
9 .0

( 6)
( 6)
8 .5
9 .5

( 6)
(‘ )
8 .6
6.1

( 6)
( 6)
6 .8
6 .4

( 6)
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)

( 6)
(‘ )
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)

( 6)
(? )
( 6)
(? )
( 6)

( 6)
(? )
( 6)
(‘ )
( 6)

7 .1

9 .4

(‘ )
( 6)
( 6)

( 6)
( 6)
( 6)

(‘ )
( 6)
( 6)
( 6)

( 6)
( 6)

16 .8

( >
( 6)

Footnotes
3 Earnings
da ta r e l a t e o n l y t o w o r k e r s w h o s e
sex id entification w as
p r o v i d e d b y the
establishm ent.
4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , an d la t e sh i ft s .
5 E s t i m a t e s f o r p e r i o d s e n d in g p r i o r t o 197 6 r e l a t e t o m e n o n l y f o r s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e and
u n s k i l l e d pl a n t w o r k e r s .
A l l other e s tim a te s rela te to m e n and w om en .
6 D a t a d o n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a o r da t a n o t a v a i l a b l e .

1 Standard h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t im e
s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a t r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d
to these w eekly h ou rs.
2 T h e m e a n i s c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l in g th e e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s a n d d i v i d i n g b y
the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s .
T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n — h a l f o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e t h e s a m e o r
m o r e a n d h a lf r e c e i v e t h e s a m e o r l e s s than, th e r a t e sh o w n .
The m id d le ra n g e is d efin ed b y tw o
r a t e s o f p a y ; a f o u r t h o f t h e w o r k e r s e a r n the s a m e o r l e s s th a n the l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s a n d a
f o u r t h e a r n th e s a m e o r m o r e th a n t h e h i g h e r r a t e .




9

Appendix A1
Scope and Method
of Survey
In each o f the 75 *1 a rea s cu r re n tly su rv e y e d , the B u reau obtains
w ages and rela ted b en efits data fr o m r e p re s e n ta tiv e esta b lish m en ts w ithin
s ix b roa d in du stry d iv is io n s ; M an ufacturin g; tra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion ,
and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e; fin a n ce, in su ra n ce,
and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . G overn m en t o p e ra tio n s and the c o n s tru ctio n
and ex tr a c tiv e in d u stries are ex clu d e d . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a
p r e s c r ib e d num ber o f w o r k e r s are a lso ex clu d ed b e c a u se o f in su fficien t
em p loym en t in the occu p a tion s stu d ied. A pp endix table 1 show s the num ber
o f estab lish m en ts and w o r k e r s estim a ted to be w ithin the s c o p e o f this su rv ey ,
as w e ll as the num ber a ctu ally studied.
B u reau fie ld r e p re s e n ta tiv e s obtain data by p e r s o n a l v is its at 3 - year
in te r v a ls . In each o f the two in terven in g y e a r s , in form a tion on em p loym en t
and occu p a tion a l earn in gs on ly is c o lle c te d by a com b in a tion o f p e r s o n a l v isit,
m a il q u estion n a ire, and teleph on e in terv iew fr o m esta b lish m en ts p a rticip a tin g
in die p r e v io u s su rv e y .
A sa m p le o f the esta b lish m en ts in the s c o p e o f the su rv e y is s e le c te d
fo r study p r io r to each p e r s o n a l v is it s u rv e y .
T h is sa m p le, le s s e sta b ­
lish m en ts w hich go out o f b u sin e s s o r are no lo n g e r w ithin the in d u stria l
sc o p e o f the su rv e y , is retain ed f o r the fo llo w in g two annual s u r v e y s . In
m o s t c a s e s , esta b lish m en ts new to the a r e a a re not c o n s id e r e d in the sc o p e
o f the su r v e y until the s e le c tio n o f a sa m p le fo r a p e r s o n a l v is it su rv e y .
The sa m plin g p r o c e d u r e s in v olv e d eta iled s t ra tifica tio n o f all esta b ­
lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f an individu al a rea su r v e y by in du stry and
num ber o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m this stra tifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ility sa m ple
is se le c te d , w ith each esta b lish m en t having a p r e d e te r m in e d ch a n ce o f s e ­
le c tio n . T o obtain optim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g re a te r p r o p o rtio n
o f la rg e than sm a ll esta b lish m en ts is s e le c t e d . W hen data are com b in ed ,
each esta b lish m en t is w eigh ted a c c o r d in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c t io n so
that u n biased e stim a te s a re g en e ra te d . F o r ex a m p le, if one out o f fou r
esta b lish m en ts is s e le c t e d , it is given a w eigh t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t it s e lf plus
th ree o th e r s . An altern ate o f the sa m e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is ch osen in the
sa m e in d u s tr y -s iz e c la s s ific a t io n if data are not ava ila b le fr o m the o r ig in a l
sa m p le m e m b e r . If no su itab le su bstitu te is a v a ila b le, additional w eigh t is
a ssign ed to a sa m p le m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit.
O ccu p a tion s and earn in gs
O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d fo r study are c o m m o n to a v a rie ty o f m a n u fa c­
turing and n onm an ufacturin g in d u str ie s , and a re o f the fo llo w in g ty p es;
(1)
O ffic e c le r i c a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m ,
1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are
Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, Ala.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .;
Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N. Y . ; and Utica—Rome, N. Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more
limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of
the U. S. Department of Labor.




and pow erplan t; and (4) m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. O ccu p a tion a l
c la s s ific a tio n is b a sed on a u n iform se t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esign ed to take
accoun t o f in terestablish m en t v a ria tion in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b .
O ccu p a tion s se le cte d fo r study are lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B .
U n less o th erw ise in dicated, the ea rn in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b
titles are fo r all in d u stries com b in ed . E a rn in gs data fo r som e o f the
occu p a tion s listed and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r so m e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin the
s c o p e o f the su rvey , are not p r e se n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta bles b e c a u se
eith er (1) em p loym ent in the o ccu p a tion is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data
to m e r it presen ta tion , o r (2) th ere is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual
esta b lish m en t data. Separate m e n 's and w o m e n 's ea rn in gs data are not
p re se n te d when the num ber o f w o r k e r s not id en tified by s e x is 20 p e r ce n t
o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id en tified in an o c cu p a tio n . E a rn in gs data
not shown sep a ra tely fo r industry d iv is io n s a re in clu ded in data fo r all
in d u stries com b in ed . L ik ew ise, fo r occu p a tio n s with m o r e than one le v e l,
data a re included in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a t io n w hen a sub c la s s ific a t io n is
not shown o r in form ation to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le.
O ccup ational em p loym en t and earn in g s data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e
w o r k e r s , i .e ., th ose h ired to w ork a r e g u la r w eek ly sch e d u le . E a rn in gs
data ex clu d e prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h olid a y s,
and la te sh ifts. N on production bon u ses are ex clu d ed , but c o s t - o f - li v i n g
a llow a n ces and in cen tive bon u ses are in clu ded . W eek ly h ou rs fo r o ffic e
c le r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l o ccu p a tio n s r e fe r to the standard
w ork w eek (rounded to the n ea rest h a lf h ou r) fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e
re g u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at re g u la r
a n d /o r p rem iu m r a te s ). A v e ra g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tio n s are
rounded to the n e a r e st h alf d o lla r . V e r t ic a l lin e s w ithin the d istrib u tion of
w o r k e r s on som e A -t a b le s in dicate a change in the s iz e o f the c la s s in te r v a ls .
T h ese su rv ey s m e a su re the le v e l o f occu p a tio n a l earn in gs in an a rea
at a p a rticu la r tim e. C om p a rison s o f in dividu al occu p a tion a l a v e ra g e s o v e r
tim e m a y not r e fle c t exp ected w age ch a n g es. The a v e ra g e s fo r in dividu al jo b s
are a ffected by changes in w ages and e m p loy m en t p a ttern s. F o r ex a m p le,
p r o p o rtio n s o f w o rk e r s em p loyed by high - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change, o r
h ig h -w a g e w o rk e r s m a y advance to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d by new
w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such shifts in em p loy m en t cou ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u ­
pational average even though m o s t e sta b lish m en ts in an a rea in c r e a s e w ages
during the y e a r . C hanges in earn ings o f o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s, shown in table
A - 7, are better in d ica tors o f w age tren d s than are earn in gs ch a n ges fo r
in dividual jo b s w ithin the g rou p s.
A v e ra g e earn ings r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , area w id e e s tim a te s . In du stries
and estab lish m en ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b sta ffin g , and thus con trib u te
d iffe r e n tly to the e stim a tes fo r each jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m ay fa il to r e fle c t
a c c u r a te ly the w age d iffe re n tia l am ong jo b s in in dividual esta b lis h m e n ts.

A v e ra g e pa y le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in se le cte d occu p a tion s should
n ot be a ssu m ed to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the s e x e s w ithin individu al
e s ta b lis h m e n ts.
F a c t o r s w h ich m a y contribute to d iffe r e n c e s in clude p r o ­
g r e s s io n w ithin e s ta b lis h e d rate ran ges (on ly the rates paid in cu m bents a r e
c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific duties within the g e n e r a l su r v e y jo b
d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify em p loy ees in th ese su rv ey s
u su a lly a re m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in individual esta b lish m en ts
and a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong establish m en ts in s p e c ific duties
pe r fo r m e d .

E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g

S k illed m ain ten an ce

C om pu ter sy stem s
a n a lysts, c la s s e s
A , B, and C
C om pu ter p r o g r a m m e r s ,
c la s s e s A , B, and C
C om pu ter o p e r a to r s ,
c la s s e s A , B, and C

C a rp en ters
E le c t r ic ia n s
Painte r s
M ach in ists
M ech a n ics (m a ch in ery )
M ech a n ics (m o to r v eh icle)
P ip e fitte r s
T o o l and die m a k ers

O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e stim a tes rep resen t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b ­
lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the num ber a ctu a lly su rv ey ed .
B e ca u se o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re s am ong estab lish m en ts d iffe r , e stim a te s o f
o ccu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t obtain ed fr o m the sam ple o f esta b lish m en ts studied
s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the re la tiv e im p ortan ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese
d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l stru ctu re do not a ffe ct m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f
the ea rn in g s data.

In du stria l n u rse s

U n sk illed plant

R e g is te r e d in d u stria l
n u r se s

J a n ito rs, p o r t e r s , and
c le a n e r s
M a te ria l handling la b o r e rs

P e r c e n t changes fo r in dividu al a r e a s in the p r o g r a m are com puted
as fo llo w s :

W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l grou ps

1. A v e ra g e earn in g s a r e com p u ted fo r ea ch occu p a tion fo r
the 2 y e a r s being c o m p a r e d . The a v e ra g e s a r e d eriv ed
fr o m earn in g s in th ose esta b lish m en ts w hich are in
the su r v e y both y e a r s ; it is assu m ed that em p loym en t
rem a in s unchanged.

The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p resen ted in table A -7 a r e ba sed on changes
in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f m en and w om en in estab lish m en ts rep ortin g the
tren d jo b s in both the c u r r e n t and p rev iou s year (m atched esta b lis h m e n ts).
The data a re ad ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c ts on av erag e earn in g s o f e m p lo y ­
m ent sh ifts am ong e sta b lish m e n ts and tu rn ov er o f esta b lish m en ts in clu ded
in s u r v e y s a m p le s . T he p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h ow ev er, a r e still a ffe c te d by
fa c t o r s oth e r than w age in c r e a s e s . H irin g s, la y o ffs , and tu rn ov er m a y a ffe c t
an esta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e fo r an occu p ation when w ork ers a r e paid u nder plans
p r o v id in g a range o f w age ra tes fo r individual jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d
h irin g , f o r e x a m p le , new e m p lo y e e s m a y en ter at the b ottom o f the range,
d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ithout a change in wage ra tes.

2. E a ch o ccu p a tion is a s sig n e d a w eigh t ba sed on its p r o ­
p ortion a te em p loym en t in the occu p a tion a l grou p in the
b a se y e a r.
3. T h ese w eigh ts a re u sed to com pu te grou p a v e ra g e s.
E a ch o c c u p a tio n 's a v e ra g e earn in g s (com pu ted in step 1)
is m u ltip lied by its w eigh t. The p ro d u cts a re totaled to
obtain a g rou p a v e r a g e .

The p e r c e n t ch a n g es relate to w age changes betw een the in dicated
d a te s. W hen the tim e span betw een su rv ey s is oth er than 12 m on th s, annual
rates a r e show n, (it is a ssu m ed that w ages in cr e a s e at a constan t rate
betw een s u r v e y s .)

4.

The ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s fo r 2 c o n s e cu tiv e years is
com pu ted by dividing the a v e ra g e fo r the cu r re n t year by
the a v e ra g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r . The resu lt— e x p re s s e d
as a p e r ce n t— le s s 100 is the p e r ce n t change.

O ccu p a tion s u se d to com pu te w age tren ds a r e :
O ffic e c l e r i c a l

O ffice c le r i c a l— Continued

S e c r e t a r ie s
S te n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l
S te n o g r a p h e rs , s e n io r
T y p is ts , c la s s e s
A and B
F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A ,
B, and C
M essen g ers
S w itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s

O rd e r c le r k s , c la s s e s
A and B
A ccou n tin g c le r k s ,
c la s s e s A and B
B ookkeeping -m a ch in e
o p e r a to rs , c la s s B
P a y r o ll c le rk s
K ey en try o p e r a t o r s ,
c la s s e s A and B




F o r a m o r e d eta iled d e s c r ip tio n o f the m ethod u sed to com pute th ese
w age tre n d s, see "Im p rov in g A r e a W age S u rv ey I n d e x e s ," M onthly L a b or
R e v ie w , January 1973, pp. 5 2 -5 7 .
E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s
T abu lation s on s e le c te d esta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su pplem en tary
w age p r o v is io n s ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a re not p r e se n te d in this bu lletin . I n fo r ­
m a tion fo r th ese tabu lation s is c o lle c t e d at 3 -y e a r , in te r v a ls . T h ese tabu ­
la tion s on m in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s f o r in e x p e rie n c e d o ffic e w o r k e r s ; shift
d iffe r e n t ia ls ; sch ed u led w eek ly h o u rs and d a ys; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a ca tion s;
and h ealth , in su ra n ce , and p en sion plans a r e p r e se n te d (in the B -s e r ie s ta b les)
in p r e v io u s bu lletin s f o r th is a r e a .

11

Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied
in Billings, M ont.,1 July 1978
3 t l U r • :V
In d ustry d iv isio n 2

M in im u m
em p lo y m en t
in e s t a b lis h ­
m e n ts in scop e
o f study

A l l d i v i s i o n s ______________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and
o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 _____________________________ ;_____
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e 6 __________________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e 6 ___________________ _________________________
F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e 6 _________________
S e r v i c e s 67 .......... .................................. ................................. . .

W ithin scop e o f study 4
W ithin scop e
o f study 3 ^

Studied

Studied
N um ber

Percen t

75

49

9 ,0 1 2

100

7 ,0 7 2

-

16
59

12
37

2 ,4 8 5
6 ,5 2 7

28
72

2 ,1 6 0
4 ,9 1 2

50
50
50
50
50

9
10
26
4
10

9
5
12
4
7

1 ,5 9 5
892
2 ,6 0 1
607
832

18
10
29
7
9

1 ,5 9 5
48 2
1 ,5 8 8
607
640

50

1 T h e B illin g s Standard M e tr o p o lita n Sta tistica l A r e a , as defined by th e O ffi c e
o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 4 , c o n s i s t s o f Y e l l o w s t o n e C o u n t y .
T h e " w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a ­
s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s i z e an d c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e l a b o r f o r c e in c l u d e d
in t h e s u r v e y .
E s t i m a t e s a r e no t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r
e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1) p l a n n in g
o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t da t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f
t h e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , an d (2) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e
s c o p e o f the survey.
2 T h e 197 2 e d i t i o n o f t h e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d
in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n .
H o w e v e r , all g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a ­
tions a r e excluded f r o m the s c o p e o f the su rvey .
3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m
lim ita tion .
A l l o u t l e t s ( w i t h in t h e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s t r a d e .




W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts

N u m b er of e sta b lish m e n ts

f i n a n c e , a ut o r e p a i r s e r v i c e , and m o t i o n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s o n e
establishm ent.
4 I n c l u d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t (w i th in
t h e a r e a ) at o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n .
5 A b b r e v i a t e d to " p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s " in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s .
T a x i c a b s and
s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a r e e x c l u d e d .
6 S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f da ta is no t m a d e f o r t h i s d i v i s i o n .
7 H o t e l s and m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ;
a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r , r e n t a l , and p a r k i n g ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p
o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( e x c l u d i n g r e l i g i o u s and c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; a n d e n g i n e e r i n g and
architectural services.

12

Appendix B.
Occupational
Descriptions
The p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p rep a rin g jo b d e s cr ip tio n s fo r the Bu­
r e a u 's w age su r v e y s is to a s s is t its field staff in c la s s ify in g into ap pro­
b a t e o ccu p a tio n s w o r k e r s who are em ployed under a v a rie ty o f p a y r o ll
title s and d iffe r e n t w o rk arran gem en ts fr o m estab lish m en t to e sta b lis h ­
m en t and fr o m a re a to a r e a . T h is p erm its the grouping o f occu p a tion a l
w age ra tes r e p re s e n tin g c o m p a ra b le jo b content. B e ca u se o f this e m ­
p h a sis on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in te ra re a co m p a ra b ility o f occu p a tion a l
.content, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d iffe r sign ifica n tly fr o m th ose
in u se in in dividu al esta b lish m en ts o r th ose p rep a red fo r oth er pu r­
p o s e s . In applying th ese jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u rea u 's fie ld e c o n o m is ts
a re in stru cte d to e x clu d e w orkin g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p ren tices; and p a rttim e , te m p o ra ry , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . H andicapped w o r k e r s w h ose
ea rn in g s are re d u ce d b e c a u se o f th eir handicap are a lso ex clu d ed .
L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , and tr a in e e s , unless s p e c ific a lly included in the
jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , are ex clu d e d .

Office
SECRETARY

SE C R E T A R Y — Continued

A s sig n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e ta r y , n orm a lly to on e in dividu al. M ain­
tains a c lo s e and h igh ly r e s p o n s iv e rela tion sh ip to the d a y -to -d a y a c tiv itie s o f
the s u p e r v is o r . W o r k s fa ir ly independently re ce iv in g a m in im u m o f d etailed
s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce. P e r fo r m s varied c le r ic a l and s e c r e t a r ia l duties
r e q u irin g a k n ow led ge o f o f f ic e routine and understanding o f the o rg a n iz a tio n ,
p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s re la te d to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r .

E x clu s io n s — Continued
e. P o s itio n s w hich do not fit any o f the situations listed in the
se c tio n s below titled " L e v e l o f S u p e r v iso r , " e .g ., s e c r e ta r y to the
p re sid e n t o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 5,0 00 p e r so n s;
f.

E x clu s io n s

T r a in e e s .

C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l

Not all p o s itio n s that are titled " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r ­
a c t e r is t ic s . E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w hich are exclu ded fr o m the d efin ition
are as fo llo w s ;
a. P o s itio n s w h ich do not m e e t the "p e r s o n a l"
d e s c r ib e d a b ove;

S e c r e ta r y jo b s w hich m e e t the above c h a r a c t e r is tic s are m atched at
one o f fiv e le v e ls a c c o rd in g to (a) the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's su p e r v iso r
w ithin the co m p a n y 's org a n iz a tion a l stru ctu re and, (b) the le v e l o f the
s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility . The ch a rt fo llo w in g the explanations o f these two
fa c to r s in d ica tes the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y fo r each com bination o f the
fa c t o r s .

se cre ta ry concept

b.

S ten og ra p h ers not fu lly trained in s e c r e ta r ia l-ty p e d u ties;

c.

S ten og ra p h ers se r v in g as o ffic e assistan ts to a grou p o f p r o ­
fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g eria l p e r s o n s ;

L e v e l o f S e c r e ta r y 's S u p e rv iso r (LS)

d.

S e c r e ta r ie s should be m a tch ed at one o f the fou r LS le v e ls d e s c r ib e d
b elow a c c o rd in g to the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v is o r within the com pany
org a n iz a tion a l stru c tu re .

A s s is ta n t -ty p e p o s itio n s w hich en tail m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e r e ­
sp o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in istra tiv e, o r s u p e r v is o r y du ties w hich
are not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e ta r ia l w ork , e .g ., A d m in istra tiv e A s s is t ­
ant, o r E x e cu tiv e A s sis ta n t;




LS—1

13

a. S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a sm a ll orga n ization a l
unit ( e .g ., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); o r

S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d

SE C R E TA R Y — Continued

C l a s s if ic a t io n b y L e v e l-— C o n tin u e d

C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l— Continued

b.

L S -2

a.

b.

L S -3

S e c r e ta r y to an e x e cu tiv e o r m a n a g e ria l p e r s o n w h ose r e s p o n ­
s ib ility is not equ ivalent to one o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ ations in
the d efin ition fo r LS—3, but w h ose org a n iz a tio n a l unit n o rm a lly
n u m bers at le a s t s e v e r a l d ozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su a lly d ivided
into org a n iz a tio n a l seg m en ts w hich are often , in turn, fu rth er
su bd ivid ed . In som e co m p a n ie s , this le v e l in clu d es a w ide range
o f o rg a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s , on ly one o r two; o r
S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in dividual plant, fa c to r y , e tc ., (o r
oth er equ ivalen t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in all, fe w e r
than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .

a. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b oa rd or p re sid e n t o f a com pany
that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r
b.

c.

L S -4

S e c r e ta r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y sta ff s p e c ia lis t, p r o fe s s io n a l
e m p lo y e e , a d m in istra tiv e o f f ic e r o r assista n t, sk ille d tech n icia n
o r e x p e rt, (N O TE : M a n y com p a n ies a ssig n ste n o g ra p h e rs ,
ra th er than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d above, to this le v e l o f
s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r ,)

S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a t e o ffic e r (oth er than ch a irm a n o f the
b oa rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 100
but fe w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r
S e c r e ta r y to the head (im m e d ia te ly below the o f f ic e r le v e l) o v e r
eith e r a m a jo r c o rp o r a te w id e fu n ction al a ctivity (e .g ., m a rk etin g ,
r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u stria l r e la tio n s , e tc .) o r a m a jo r
g e o g ra p h ic o r org a n iz a tion a l seg m en t (e .g ., a r e g io n a l h eadquar­
t e r s ; a m a jo r d iv isio n ) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r
5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r

d.

S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an individu al plant, fa c to r y , e t c ., (o r
oth er equ ivalen t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r
5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r

e.

S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la rg e and im portan t org a n iz a tion a l
seg m en t ( e .g ., a m id d le m a n a gem en t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n i­
za tion a l seg m en t often in volvin g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred
p e r s o n s ) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s .

a.

S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b oa rd o f p r e s id e n t o f a com pan y
that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r

b.

S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r (o th e r than the ch a irm a n o f the
b oa rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0
but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r

c.

S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly below the c o r p o r a t e o ffic e r
le v e l, o f a m a jo r seg m en t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com pa n y that
e m p lo y s , in all, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .

N O T E : The te r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r " u sed in the above LS d efin ition
r e fe r s to th ose o ffic ia l s w ho have a sig n ifica n t c o r p o r a te w id e p olicy m a k in g
r o le with r e g a rd to m a jo r com p a n y a c tiv it ie s . The title " v ic e p r e s id e n t ,"
though n o rm a lly in d ica tiv e o f this r o le , d o e s not in all c a s e s iden tify such




p o s itio n s . V ice p resid en ts w hose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ility is to act p e r s o n a lly
on in dividual ca ses o r tra n sa ction s ( e .g ., a p p rov e o r deny in dividual loan
o r c r e d it action s; ad m in ister individual tru st a ccou n ts; d ir e c t ly su p e r v ise a
c le r i c a l staff) are not c o n s id e re d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " fo r p u rp o s e s
o f applying the defin ition .
L e v e l o f S e c r e ta r y 's R e s p o n sib ility (L R )
T h is fa c to r evaluates the nature o f the w o rk rela tion sh ip betw een
the s e c r e t a r y and the s u p e r v is o r , and the extent to w hich the s e c r e t a r y is
ex p ected to e x e r c is e in itiative and ju dgm en t. S e c r e ta r ie s should be m a tch ed
at LR—1 o r LR—2 d e s c r ib e d below a c c o rd in g to th eir le v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ility .
L e v e l o f R e s p o n sib ility 1 (LR—1)
P e r fo r m s v a ried s e c r e ta r ia l du ties in cluding o r c o m p a ra b le to m o s t
o f the follow in g :
a. A n sw ers teleph on es,
com in g m a il.

g re e ts

person al

c a lle r s ,

and opens

b. A n sw ers telephone req u ests w hich have standard a n sw e rs.
rep ly to req u ests by sending a fo r m le t te r .
c.

M ay

R ev iew s c o rr e s p o n d e n ce , m e m o ra n d a , and r e p o r ts p re p a re d by
oth ers fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's sign atu re to en su re p r o c e d u r a l and
typog ra p h ica l a c c u r a c y .

d. M aintains s u p e r v is o r 's
in stru cted .
e.

in­

T y p es,

ca le n d a r

and m a k es

takes and tr a n s c r ib e s d icta tio n ,

appointm ents

as

and file s .

L e v e l o f R e s p o n sib ility 2 (LR—2)
P e r fo r m s duties d e s c r ib e d u nder LR—1 and, in addition p e r fo r m s
tasks req u irin g g re a te r judgm ent, in itia tive, and k n ow led ge o f o ffic e fu nction s
in cluding o r com p a ra b le to m o s t o f the fo llo w in g :
a. S creen s telephone and p e r s o n a l c a lle r s , d eterm in in g w hich can
be handled by the s u p e r v is o r 's su b ord in a tes o r oth er o f f ic e s .
b. A n sw ers req u ests w hich r e q u ire a d eta iled k n ow led ge o f o f ­
fic e p r o ce d u r e s o r c o lle c t io n o f in form a tion fr o m file s o r
other o f f ic e s . M ay sign routine c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in own o r
s u p e r v is o r 's nam e.
c.

C om p iles o r a s sists in co m p ilin g p e r io d ic r e p o rts on the b a sis
o f g en eral in stru ction s.

S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d

S T E N O G R A P H E R — C on tin u ed

L e v e l o f R e s p o n s ib ilit y 2 (L R —2)— Continued

o f the s p e c ific b u sin ess o p e ra tio n s , o rg a n iz a tion , p o lic ie s , p r o ce d u r e s , file s ,
w o rk flo w , e tc . U ses this kn ow led ge in p e r fo rm in g sten og rap h ic duties and
r e s p o n s ib le c le r i c a l tasks such as m aintaining follow u p file s ; assem blin g
m a te r ia l fo r r e p o r t s , m em ora n d a , and le t te r s ; com p o sin g sim p le letters
fr o m g en era l in stru ctio n s; readin g and routing in com in g m a il; and answ ering
routine q u estion s, etc.

d.

S ch ed u les ten ta tive appointm ents without p r io r c le a r a n c e . A s ­
s e m b le s n e c e s s a r y backgrou n d m a te r ia l fo r sch edu led m e e tin g s .
M akes a rra n g e m e n ts fo r m eetin gs and c o n fe r e n c e s .

e.

E x p la in s s u p e r v is o r 's req u irem en ts to oth er e m p lo y e e s in su p er­
v i s o r 's u nit. (A ls o ty p es, takes dicta tion , and file s .)

TRAN SC RIBIN G -M AC H IN E TY P IST

The fo llo w in g tabu lation show s the le v e l of the s e c r e t a r y f o r ea ch
LS and L R com b in a tion .

L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's
_____ s u p e r v is o r _____

P r im a r y duty is to type c o p y o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d d icta tion w hich does
not in volve v a rie d te ch n ica l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry such as that used in
le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso type from w ritten
c o p y . M ay m ain tain f ile s , k eep sim p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m other re la tiv e ly
routine c le r i c a l ta sk s. (See Sten ograph er d efin ition fo r w o rk e r s involved
w ith shorthand d icta tion .)

L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility
LR—1

LR—2
TY P IST

C la ss
C la ss
C la ss
C la ss

L S -1
L S -2
L S -3
LS—4

E
D
C
B

C la ss
C la ss
C la ss
C la ss

D
C
B
A

U s e s a ty p ew riter to m ake c o p ie s o f v a riou s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake
out b ills a fter ca lcu la tion s have been m ade by another p e r so n . M ay include
typing o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r u se in duplicating p r o c ­
e s s e s . M ay do c le r ic a l w o rk in volvin g little s p e c ia l trainin g, such as
k eepin g sim p le r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r sortin g and
d istrib u tin g in com in g m a il.

ST E N O G R A PH E R

C la ss A . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Typing m a te r ia l
in fin a l fo r m w hen it in v olv es com bin in g m a te r ia l fr o m se v e r a l so u r c e s ;
o r r e s p o n s ib ility fo r c o r r e c t sp ellin g , s y lla b ica tio n , punctuation, e tc ., of
te ch n ica l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning lay­
out and typing o f c o m p lica te d sta tistica l ta b les to m ain tain u n iform ity and
b a la n ce in sp a cin g . M ay type routine fo r m le t te r s , v a ryin g details to suit
c ir c u m s t a n c e s .

P r im a r y duty is to take dicta tion using shorthand, and to tr a n s c r ib e
the d ic ta tio n . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten cop y . M ay op era te fr o m a sten o­
g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v oice r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a ry
duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , see T ra n sc rib in g -M a c h in e T y p ist).
N O T E : T h is jo b is d istin gu ish ed fr o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a
s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a con fid en tial rela tion sh ip with on ly one m an ­
a g er o r e x e cu tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y tasks
as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b defin ition .

C la ss B . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; C opy typing from
rough o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r routine typing o f fo r m s , in su ran ce p o lic ie s , e tc.;
o r settin g up s im p le standard tabu lation s; o r copyin g m o r e c o m p le x tables
a lre a d y s e t up and sp a ced p r o p e r ly .

S ten og ra p h er, G e n e ra l

F IL E CLE RK

D icta tio n in v o lv e s a n orm a l routine v oca b u la ry . M ay m ain tain file s ,
k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m oth er re la tiv e ly routine c le r i c a l ta sk s.

F ile s , c la s s ifie s , and r e tr ie v e s m a te r ia l in an estab lish ed filing
s y s te m . M ay p e r fo r m c le r i c a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m aintain file s .
P o s itio n s are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g d efin ition s.

S ten og ra p h er, S en ior
D icta tion in v o lv e s a v a ried tech n ica l o r s p e cia liz e d v o ca b u la ry such
as in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h .
M ay a lso set up and
m a in ta in file s , k e e p r e c o r d s , etc.

C la ss A . C la s s ifie s and in dexes file m a te r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d ­
e n ce , r e p o r t s , tech n ica l d ocu m en ts, e tc ., in an esta b lish ed filin g system
contain in g a n um ber o f v a ried su b je ct m a tter f ile s .
M ay also file this
m a te r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s o f v a riou s types in con ju n ction with the file s .
M ay lead a s m a ll grou p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s .

OR

C la ss B . S o rts, c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by sim ple
(s u b je c t m a tte r) h eadings o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by fin e r subheadings.
P r e p a r e s sim p le rela ted index and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aid s. As requ ested ,
lo c a t e s c le a r ly id en tified m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l. M ay
p e r fo r m rela ted c le r i c a l tasks re q u ire d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e file s .

p e r f o r m s ste n o g r a p h ic duties req u irin g sig n ifica n tly g r e a te r inde­
p en d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ilit y than sten og ra p h er, g en era l, as ev id en ced by the
fo llo w in g : W o r k r e q u ir e s a high d e g re e o f sten ograph ic speed and a c c u r a c y ;
a th orough w o rk in g k n ow led g e o f g en eral b u sin ess and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e ; and




15

F I L E C L E R K — C o n tin u e d

O R D E R C L E R K — C on tin u ed

C la ss C . P e r fo r m s routine filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lrea d y been
c la s s ifie d o r w hich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a sim p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a tio n
sy stem ( e .g ., alp h a betica l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s req u ested ,
lo c a te s r e a d ily ava ila b le m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l; and m a y
fill out w ith draw al c h a rg e . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le c le r i c a l and m anual tasks
req u ired to m ain tain and s e r v ic e file s .

P o sitio n s
d efin ition s:

are

c la s s ifie d

into

le v e ls

a c c o r d in g

to

the

fo llo w in g

MESSENGER

C la ss A . H andles o r d e r s that in v olv e m a k in g ju dgm en ts such as
ch oosin g w hich s p e c ific p rod u ct o r m a te r ia l fr o m the e sta b lis h m e n t's p ro d u ct
lin e s w ill sa tisfy the c u s t o m e r 's n eed s, o r d e te rm in in g the p r ic e to be quoted
when p r ic in g in volves m o r e than m e r e ly r e fe r r in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m aking
som e sim p le m a th em a tical c a lcu la tio n s .

P e r fo r m s v a rio u s routine duties such as running e r ra n d s , op era tin g
m in o r o ffic e m a ch in e s such as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , opening and d istrib u tin g
m a il, and oth er m in o r c le r i c a l w o rk . E x clu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u ire
op era tion o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a sig n ifica n t duty.

C la ss B . H andles o r d e r s in volvin g ite m s w hich have r e a d ily id e n ­
tifie d u ses and ap p lication s. M ay r e fe r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu r e r 's m anual,
o r s im ila r docum ent to in su re that p r o p e r item is su pplied o r to v e r ify
p r ic e o f o r d e r e d item .
ACCOUNTING CLERK

SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R

P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e a ccou n tin g c l e r i c a l ta sk s such as p ostin g to
r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts ; v e r ify in g the in tern a l con ­
siste n c y , c o m p le te n e s s, and m a th em a tica l a c c u r a c y o f accou n tin g d ocu m en ts;
a ssign in g p r e s c r ib e d accounting d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; exam in in g and v e rify in g
fo r c le r i c a l a c c u r a c y v ariou s types o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p ostin g ,
e tc .; o r p rep a rin g sim p le o r a s sistin g in p re p a rin g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u r n a l
v o u c h e r s . M ay w ork in eith er a m anu al o r au tom ated accou n tin g s y s te m .

O p era tes a teleph on e sw itch b oa rd o r c o n s o le u sed with a p riv a te
bran ch exch an ge (P B X ) sy stem to r e la y in com in g, ou tgoin g, and in tra sy stem
c a lls . M ay p r o v id e in form a tion to c a lle r s , r e c o r d and tra n sm it m e s s a g e s ,
keep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la ce d and to ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s op era tin g a telephon e
sw itch boa rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a lso type o r p e r fo r m routine c l e r i c a l w ork
(typing o r routine c le r i c a l w ork m a y o c cu p y the m a jo r p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 's
tim e, and is u su a lly p e r fo r m e d w hile at the sw itch b oa rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ief
o r lead o p e r a t o r s in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one o p e r a t o r are
ex clu d ed . F o r an o p e r a to r who also a cts as a r e c e p tio n is t, se e Sw itch board
O p e r a to r -R e c e p tio n is t.

The w ork r e q u ire s a kn ow led ge o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e p r a c ­
tic e s and p r o ce d u r e s w hich r ela tes to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o r d in g
o f tra n sa ction s and accounting in fo rm a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the w o r k e r
ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r with the b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g te r m s and
p r o c e d u r e s u sed in the assign ed w ork , but is not r e q u ir e d to have a kn ow led ge
o f the form ed p r in cip le s o f book k eepin g and a ccou n tin g .

SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T

P o sitio n s are c la s s ifie d
d efin ition s;

A t a s in g le -p o s itio n teleph on e sw itch b oa rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as
an o p e r a to r — s e e S w itch board O p e ra to r— and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e c e p ­
tio n is t's w o rk in v olv es such du ties as g reetin g v is it o r s ; d e term in in g nature
o f v is it o r 's b u sin e s s and p rov id in g ap p rop ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is ito r
to a p p rop ria te p e r s o n in the org a n iz a tion o r con tactin g that p e r s o n by te le ­
phone and a rran gin g an appointm ent; k eepin g a lo g o f v is it o r s .

le v e ls on

the b a sis o f the

follow ing-

C la ss A . U nder gen era l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s a ccou n tin g c le r i c a l
op era tion s w hich r e q u ire the ap p lica tion o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t, fo r
ex a m p le, c le r ic a lly p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d o r n o n re p e titiv e accou n tin g
tr a n s a ctio n s , se le ctin g am ong a su bsta n tial v a r ie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g
co d e s and c la s s ific a tio n s , o r tr a c in g tr a n s a ctio n s th rough p r e v io u s a c ­
counting action s to d eterm in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M ay b e a s s is te d by
one o r m o r e c la s s B accounting c le r k s .

O RD ER C LE RK
R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e rb a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rc h a se o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l
o r m e r c h a n d is e fr o m c u s to m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W ork ty p ic a lly in v olv es
som e com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g d u ties: Q uoting p r ic e s ; d eterm in in g
av a ila b ility o f o r d e r e d item s and su g gestin g su bstitu tes w hen n e c e s s a r y ;
advising ex p ected d e liv e r y date and m eth od o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and
cu s to m e r in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r sh e e ts ; ch eck in g o r d e r sh eets fo r a c c u r a c y
and adequ acy o f in form a tion r e c o r d e d ; a scerta in in g c r e d it rating o f c u s to m e r ;
fu rn ish in g c u s to m e r w ith ack n ow led gem en t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g up
to se e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d by the s p e c ifie d date o r to le t c u s to m e r know
o f a dela y in d e liv e r y ; m ain taining o r d e r file ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ice
against o r ig in a l o r d e r .

C la s s B . U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d eta iled in stru ction s
and stan dardized p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e accou n tin g c l e r ­
ic a l o p e r a tio n s , such as postin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts w h ere
id en tifica tion o f item s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s are c le a r ly in d ica ted ;
ch eck in g a c c u r a c y and co m p le te n e s s o f sta n d a rd iz e d and r e p e titiv e r e c o r d s
o r a ccou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and cod in g d ocu m en ts u sin g a few p r e s c r ib e d
accoun tin g c o d e s .
BO O KK EE PIN G -M A CH IN E O P E R A T O R
O p era tes a bookkeeping m a ch in e (with o r w ithout a ty p e w rite r k e y ­
b oa rd ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u sin ess tr a n s a c t io n s .

E x clu d e w o r k e r s paid on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose duties in­
clude any o f the fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s fo r s e r v ic e s ra th er than fo r
m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p rovid in g c u s to m e r s with con su lta tiv e a d v ice using
kn ow led ge gained fr o m en gin eerin g o r ex ten siv e te c h n ic a l tra in in g ; em pha­
sizin g s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in te g ra l p a rt
o f the jo b .




into

C la ss A . K eep s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n ow led ge o f and
e x p e r ie n c e in b a sic book k eepin g p r in c ip le s , and fa m ilia r ity w ith the stru c tu re
o f the p a rticu la r accoun tin g sy stem u s e d . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and
d istrib u tion o f debit and c r e d it ite m s to be u se d in each ph ase o f the w o rk .
M ay p r e p a r e con solid a ted r e p o r ts , b a la n ce sh e e ts , and oth er r e c o r d s by hand.

16

B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed

K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d

C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e ph ases o r section s o f
a se t o f r e c o r d s u su a lly req u irin g little know ledge o f b a s ic b ook k eepin g.
P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e accou n ts payable, p a y ro ll, c u s to m e r s ' accounts
(not in cluding a sim p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under m a ch in e b ille r ), c o s t
d istrib u tion , ex p en se d is trib u tio n , in ven tory co n tro l, e tc . M ay ch eck o r
a s s is t in p r e p a r a tio n o f tr ia l ba la n ces and p re p a re c o n tr o l sh eets fo r the
accou n tin g d ep a rtm en t.

C la ss B . W ork is routine and r e p e titiv e . U nder c lo s e su per­
v isio n o r follow in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in stru ction s, w ork s fr o m various
stan dardized s o u r ce docu m en ts w hich have been coded, and follow s sp e c ­
ified p r o c e d u r e s w hich have been p r e s c r ib e d in detail and req u ire little or
no s e le ctin g , cod in g, o r in terpretin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to
s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a risin g fr o m erro n e o u s item s o r cod es o r m issin g
in form a tion .

MACHINE B IL L E R
P r e p a r e s sta te m e n ts, b ills , and in v o ice s on a m a ch in e oth er than
an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic ty p e w rite r . M ay also keep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s
o r shipping c h a rg e s o r p e r fo r m oth er c le r ic a l w ork in ciden tal to billin g
o p e r a tio n s .
F o r w age study p u rp o s e s , m a ch in e b ille r s are c la s s ifie d by
type o f m a ch in e , as fo llo w s :

Professional and Technical
CO M PU TE R SYSTEM S A N A L Y ST , BUSINESS
A n a ly zes b u sin e s s p r o b le m s to form u la te p r o ce d u r e s fo r solvin g
them by u se o f e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. D evelop s a com p lete
d e s c r ip tio n o f all s p e c ific a tio n s needed to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p rep a re
req u ired d ig ita l co m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W ork in volves m o s t o f the follow in g :
A n a ly zes s u b je c t-m a tte r op era tion s to be autom ated and iden tifies condition s
and c r it e r i a re q u ire d to ach ieve s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e cifie s num ber and
types o f r e c o r d s , file s , and docu m en ts to be u sed ; outlines actions to be
p e r fo r m e d by p e r so n n e l and c om p u ters in su fficie n t detail fo r presen tation
to m a n a gem en t and fo r p ro g ra m m in g (ty p ic a lly this in volves prep aration o f
w ork and data flow c h a rts ); c o o rd in a te s the d ev elop m en t o f test p rob lem s and
p a rticip a te s in triad runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and recom m en d s
equipm ent changes to obtain m o r e e ffe ctiv e o v e r a ll o p e ra tio n s . (NOTE:
W o r k e rs p e r fo rm in g both sy ste m s an alysis and p rog ra m m in g should be c la s ­
s ifie d as sy ste m s an alysts if this is the sk ill u sed to d eterm in e th eir pay.)

B illin g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U ses a sp e cia l b illin g m a ch in e (com b in a tion
typing and adding m a ch in e) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ice s fr o m c u s to m e r s '
p u rch a se o r d e r s , in te rn a lly p re p a re d o r d e r s , shipping m em ora n d a , etc.
U su a lly in v o lv e s a p p lica tion o f p red eterm in ed d iscou n ts and shipping ch a rg es
and en try o f n e c e s s a r y ex te n sio n s, w hich m ay o r m ay not be com pu ted on
the b illin g m a ch in e , and totals w hich are a u tom atica lly accu m u la ted by
m a ch in e .
T he o p e r a tio n u su a lly in v olv es a la rg e num ber o f c a rb o n c o p ie s
o f the b ill b ein g p r e p a r e d and is often done on a fanfold m a ch in e.
B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b ille r . U ses a bookkeeping m a ch in e (with or
w ithout a ty p e w rite r k e y b o a rd ) to p r e p a r e c u s to m e r s ' b ills as pa rt o f the
accou n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G en era lly in volves the sim u ltan eou s en try o f
fig u r e s on c u s to m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m ach in e au tom atica lly accu m u la tes
fig u r e s on a n um ber o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and com pu tes and u su ally prin ts
a u to m a tica lly the d e b it o r c r e d it b a la n ces. D oes not in volve a kn ow ledge
o f b ook k e e p in g . W o rk s fr o m u n iform and standard types o f sa le s and
c r e d it s lip s .

D oes not in clu de e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily re s p o n s ib le fo r the m an age­
m en t o r su p e r v isio n o f oth er e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p loy ees, o r s y s ­
tem s an alysts p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d with s c ie n tific o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s .

P A Y R O L L C LE R K

F o r w age

O p era tes a k eyp un ch m a ch in e to r e c o r d o r v e r ify alphabetic a n d /o r
n u m e ric data on tabulating c a r d s o r on tape.

sy ste m s

analysts

are

c la s s ifie d

as

into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g
M ay p r o v id e fu n ction al d ir e c tio n to
who are assig n ed to a s s is t.

C la ss A . W o r k r e q u ir e s the ap plication o f e x p e rie n c e and ju dgm en t
in s e le ctin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in sea rch in g fo r , in terp retin g ,
s e le c tin g , o r cod in g ite m s to be keypunched fr o m a v a rie ty o f s o u r c e d ocu ­
m e n ts . On o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r fo r m som e routine keypunch w o rk . M ay
tra in in e x p e rie n c e d keypun ch o p e r a t o r s .




p u rp o s e s ,

C la ss A . W ork s independently o r under on ly g en era l d ir e c tio n on
c o m p le x p r o b le m s in volvin g all ph ases o f sy stem s a n a ly sis. P r o b le m s are
c o m p le x b e c a u se o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e r e q u ir e ­
m ents o f output data.
(F o r ex am p le, d ev elop s an in tegrated prod u ction
sch ed u lin g, in ven tory c o n tr o l, c o s t a n a ly sis, and sa le s an alysis r e c o r d in
w hich e v e r y item o f each type is au tom atica lly p r o c e s s e d through the fu ll
sy stem o f r e c o r d s and ap p rop ria te follow u p a ction s are initiated by the
co m p u te r .) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e rn e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g
p r o b le m s and a d v ises s u b je c t -m a tte r p e r so n n e l on the im plication s o f new
o r r e v is e d sy ste m s of data p r o c e s s in g o p era tion s. M akes recom m en d a tion s,
if n eeded, fo r ap p rov al o f m a jo r s y ste m s in stallation s o r changes and fo r
obtaining equipm ent.

K E Y E N TR Y O P E R A T O R

P o s itio n s are c la s s ifie d
d efin itio n s ;

study

fo llo w s :

P e r fo r m s the c l e r i c a l tasks n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to
m ain tain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o rk in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g
w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjusting w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r changes
in w age r a te s , su p p lem en ta ry b en efits, o r tax dedu ction s; editing p a y r o ll
lis tin g s ag ain st s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; tra cin g and c o r r e c t in g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ;
and a s s is tin g in p r e p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic su m m ary p a y ro ll r e p o r t s . In a nonautom ated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com p u tes w a g e s. W ork m ay r e q u ire a p r a c tic a l
k n ow led ge o f g o v e rn m e n ta l re g u la tion s, com pany p a y r o ll p o lic y , o r the
com p u ter sy ste m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls .

lo w e r le v e l

sy stem s analysts

C la s s B . W o rk s indepen den tly o r u nder on ly gen era l d ir e c tio n on
p r o b le m s that are r e la t iv e ly u n co m p lica te d to an alyze, plan, p ro g ra m , and
o p e r a te . P r o b le m s are o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b e c a u se so u r ce s o f input data
are h om og en eou s and the output data a re c lo s e ly rela ted . (F o r exam ple,

17

C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d

C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS— C o n tin u e d

d ev elop s s y s te m s fo r m ain taining d e p o s ito r accou n ts in a bank, m aintaining
accoun ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e ta il esta b lish m en t, o r m ain taining in ven tory
accounts in a m a n u factu rin g o r w h o le sa le e sta b lish m en t.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r ­
sons c o n c e rn e d to d eterm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d vises
s u b je ct-m a tte r p e r so n n e l on the im p lica tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sy stem s
to be applied.

A t this le v e l, p rog ra m m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u se com pu ter equipm ent
m u st be org a n ized to p rod u ce s e v e r a l in te r re la te d but d iv e r s e p rod u cts fr o m
num erou s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts. A w id e v a r ie ty and ex ten siv e num ber
o f in ternal p r o c e s s in g actions m u st o c c u r .
T h is r e q u ire s such action s as
develop m en t of com m on op era tion s w hich can be re u s e d , e sta b lish m en t o f
lin kage poin ts betw een o p e ra tio n s , adju stm ents to data when p r o g r a m r e ­
q u irem en ts e x ceed com p u ter stora g e c a p a city , and su bstantial m anipulation
and reseq u en cin g o f data elem en ts to fo r m a h igh ly in tegra ted p r o g r a m .

OR

M ay provid e functional d ir e c tio n to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who
are assign ed to a s s is t.

W ork s on a segm en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e o r
sy stem , as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . W ork s independently on routine a ssig n ­
m en ts and r e c e iv e s in stru ction and guidance on c o m p le x a ssig n m en ts. W ork
is rev iew ed fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju dgm en t, c o m p lia n ce with in stru ctio n s, and to
in su re p r o p e r align m en t w ith the o v e r a ll s y ste m .

C la ss B . W ork s independently o r u nder on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on
r e la tiv e ly sim p le p r o g r a m s, o r on sim p le seg m en ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s .
P r o g r a m s (o r segm en ts) u su ally p r o c e s s in form a tion to p rod u ce data in two
o r th ree v a ried seq u en ces o r fo r m a ts . R e p o r ts and lis tin g s are p ro d u ce d by
refin in g , adapting, array in g , o r m aking m in o r additions to o r d eletion s fr o m
input data w hich are rea d ily ava ila b le. W h ile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m a y be
p r o c e s s e d , the data have been refin ed in p r io r a ction s so that the a c c u r a c y
and sequen cin g o f data can be tested by u sin g a f e w routine c h e c k s .
T y p ic a lly , the p rog ra m deads with r o u t i n e r e co r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s .

C la ss C . W ork s u nder im m ed ia te su p e r v is io n , c a r r y in g out analy­
se s as a ssig n ed , u su a lly o f a sin g le a ctiv ity . A ssig n m en ts are d esign ed to
d ev elop and expand p r a c tic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the ap p lication o f p r o c e d u r e s and
sk ills re q u ire d fo r sy ste m s a n alysis w o rk . F o r ex a m p le, m a y a s s is t a h igh er
le v e l s y ste m s analyst by p re p a rin g the d eta iled s p e c ific a tio n s r e q u ire d by
p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in form a tion d e v e lo p e d by the h igh er le v e l an alyst.

OR
CO M PU TER P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS

W orks on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A) u nder c lo s e
d ir e c tio n o f a high er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s is t h igh er
le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by independently p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt tasks assig n ed ,
and p e r fo rm in g m o r e d ifficu lt tasks under fa ir ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n .

C o n v e rts statem en ts o f b u sin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p re p a re d by a
sy stem s an alyst, into a seq u en ce o f d eta iled in stru ction s w hich are req u ired
to so lv e the p r o b le m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equ ipm ent. W orkin g fr o m
ch arts o r d ia g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c is e in stru ction s w hich ,
when en tered into the com p u ter sy stem in c o d e d language, ca u se the m anipu ­
la tion o f data to a ch ieve d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the
fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n ow led ge o f com p u ter c a p a b ilitie s , m a th e m a tics, lo g ic
em p loyed by c o m p u te r s , and p a rticu la r su b je ct m a tte r in volved to analyze
ch a rts and d ia g ra m s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s seq u en ce o f
p r o g r a m step s; w r ite s d eta iled flo w ch a rts to show o r d e r in w hich data w ill
be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e rts th ese ch a rts to c o d e d in stru ction s fo r m a ch in e to
fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ction s fo r op eratin g
p e r so n n e l during p rod u ction run; a n a ly zes, r e v ie w s , and a lters p r o g r a m s to
in c r e a s e op era tin g e ffic ie n c y o r adapt to new re q u ire m e n ts ; m a in tain s r e ­
c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d ev elop m en t and r e v is io n s . (N O TE : W o r k e rs p e r fo rm in g
both s y ste m s a n a lysis and p ro g ra m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as sy ste m s
analysts if this is the sk ill u sed to d e te rm in e th eir pay.)

M ay guide or in stru ct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s .
C la ss C . M akes p r a c tic a l a p p lica tion s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s
and con cep ts u sually lea rn ed in fo r m a l train in g c o u r s e s . A ssig n m en ts are
d esig n ed to d ev elop com p eten ce in the a p p lica tion o f standard p r o c e d u r e s to
routine p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e cts o f a s sig n ­
m en ts; and w ork is review ed to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e with
re q u ire d p r o c e d u r e s .
CO M PU TE R O PERA TO R
M on itors and op era tes the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l com p u ter to
p r o c e s s data accord in g to operatin g in s tru ctio n s , u su a lly p r e p a r e d by a p r o ­
g r a m m e r . W ork in clu des m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Studies in stru ction s to
d eterm in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; loa d s equ ipm ent with re q u ire d
item s (tape r e e ls , .ca rds, e tc .); sw itch es n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia ry equipm ent into
c ir c u it, and starts and op era tes com p u ter; m a k es adju stm ents to co m p u te r to
c o r r e c t operatin g p ro b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l co n d itio n s; r e v ie w s e r r o r s
m ade during op era tion and d e te rm in e s ca u se o r r e fe r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r
o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m aintains op era tin g r e c o r d s . M ay te s t and a s s is t in
c o r r e c t in g p r o g r a m .

D o e s not in clude e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a ge­
m en t o r su p e r v is io n o f oth er e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o ­
g ra m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d with s c ie n t ific a n d /o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s .
F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s :
C la s s A . W ork s independently o r u nder on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on
c o m p le x p r o b le m s w hich r e q u ir e co m p e te n c e in all ph ases o f p ro g ra m m in g
con cep ts and p r a c t ic e s . W ork in g fr o m d ia g ra m s and ch a rts w hich iden tify
the nature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g step s to be a c c o m p lis h e d ,
and the re la tio n s h ip s betw een v a riou s steps o f the p r o b le m solv in g rou tin e;
plans the fu ll ran ge o f p r o g r a m m in g action s needed to e ffic ie n tly u tiliz e the
com p u ter sy ste m in a ch ievin g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c ts .




F o r wage

study p u rp o s e s ,

co m p u te r

op era tors

are

c la s s ifie d

as

fo llo w s :
C la ss A . O p era tes indepen den tly, o r u nder on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n ,
a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s with m o s t o f the follow in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ;
New p r o g r a m s are frequ en tly tested and in trod u ced ; sch edu lin g re q u ire m e n ts

18

C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d

D R A F T E R — C o n tin u e d

are o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n ce to m in im iz e dow ntim e; the p r o g r a m s are o f
c o m p le x d esig n so that id en tifica tion o f e r r o r so u r ce often r e q u ir e s a w ork in g
kn ow led ge o f the tota l p r o g r a m , and alternate p rog ra m s m a y not be a v a ila b le.
M ay g iv e d ir e c tio n and guid an ce to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a to r s .

C la ss C . P r e p a r e s d eta il draw in gs o f single units o r parts fo r
en gin eerin g, co n s tru ctio n , m a n u factu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u rp o s e s. T ypes of
draw in gs p re p a re d in clu de is o m e t r ic p r o je c tio n s (dep ictin g three dim ension s
in a ccu ra te s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l v iew s to c la r ify position in g o f com ponents
and con v ey needed in form a tion . C on solid a tes d eta ils fr o m a num ber o f
s o u r c e s and adjusts o r tr a n sp o se s s c a le as re q u ire d . Suggested m ethods o f
a p proa ch , ap p licab le p r e c e d e n ts , and ad vice on s o u r c e m a te ria ls are given
with in itial a ssig n m en ts. In stru ction s are le s s com p le te when assignm ents
r e c u r . W ork m a y be s p o t-c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s .

C la ss B . O p e ra te s independently, o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n ,
a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s with m o s t o f the follow in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s :
M o st o f the p r o g r a m s are esta b lish ed p rod u ction runs, ty p ic a lly run on a
r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th ere is little o r no testing o f new p r o g r a m s
r e q u ir e d ; altern a te p r o g r a m s are p rov id ed in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m needs
m a jo r change o r can n ot be c o r r e c t e d within a rea son a b ly sh ort tim e . In
c o m m o n e r r o r situ a tion s, d ia g n o se s cau se and takes c o r r e c t iv e action . T h is
u su a lly in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p rog ra m m ed c o r r e c t iv e ste p s, o r usin g
stan dard c o r r e c t io n te ch n iq u e s .

D R A F T E R -T R A C E R
C op ies
cloth o r paper
in clude tra cin g
la r g e s c a le not

plans and draw in gs p r e p a re d by oth ers by placing tracin g
o v e r draw in gs and tra cin g w ith pen o r p e n cil. (D oes not
lim ite d to plans p r im a r ily co n s istin g o f straight lin es and a
req u irin g c lo s e d elin ea tion .)
A N D /O R

OR
O p e ra te s u n d er d ir e c t su p e rv isio n a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s o r
seg m en ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r is tic s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . M ay
a s s is t a h ig h er le v e l o p e r a t o r b y independently p e r fo rm in g le s s d iffic u lt tasks
a s sig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt tasks follow in g d etailed in stru ction s and
w ith fr e q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d .
C la s s C . W ork s on routine p r o g r a m s under c lo s e s u p e r v is io n . Is
e x p e cte d to d e v e lo p w ork in g kn ow led ge o f the com p u ter equ ipm ent u sed and
a b ility to d e t e c t p r o b le m s in volved in running routine p r o g r a m s . U su a lly has
r e c e iv e d so m e fo r m a l tra in in g in com p u ter op era tion . M ay a s s is t h igh er
le v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s .
DRAFTER
C la s s A . P la n s the g ra p h ic p resen ta tion of c o m p le x item s having
d is tin c tiv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sig n ifica n tly from esta b lish ed d raftin g
p r e c e d e n ts . W o rk s in c lo s e su pport with the design o r ig in a to r , and m a y
r e co m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n ch a n g es. A n a ly zes the e ffect o f each change on the
d e ta ils o f fo r m , fu n ction , and p osition a l rela tion sh ip s o f com p on en ts and
p a r t s . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s sista n c e . C om p leted w ork
is re v ie w e d by d e s ig n o r ig in a to r fo r c o n s is te n c y with p r io r en gin eerin g
d e te rm in a tio n s . M ay eith e r p r e p a r e draw in gs o r d ir e c t th eir p re p a ra tio n by
lo w e r le v e l d r a ft e r s .
C la s s B . P e r fo r m s nonroutine and c o m p le x d raftin g assign m en ts
that r e q u ir e the a p p lica tio n o f m o s t o f the stan dardized draw in g tech n iq u es
r e g u la r ly u se d . D u ties ty p ic a lly in volve such w ork as: P r e p a r e s w ork in g
d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r sh ap es, m u ltip le fu n ction s, and
p r e c i s e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s betw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite ctu r a l
d ra w in g s f o r c o n s tr u c tio n o f a building in cluding detail d ra w in g s o f foun­
d a tion s, w a ll s e c t io n s , flo o r pla n s, and r o o f. U ses a cce p te d fo r m u la s
and m a n u als in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y com pu tation s to d eterm in e qu an tities o f
m a te r ia ls to be u s e d , loa d c a p a c it ie s , stren g th s, s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s
in itia l in s tru ctio n s , r e q u ir e m e n ts , and ad vice fr o m s u p e r v is o r . C om p leted
w o rk is ch eck ed f o r te c h n ic a l adequ acy.




P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e titiv e draw in gs o f e a s ily v isu a lized item s.
W ork is c lo s e ly su p e r v ise d during p r o g r e s s .
E LE CTRO N IC S TECHNICIAN
W ork s on v a riou s types o f e le c tr o n ic equipm ent and related d e v ice s
by p e r fo rm in g one o r a com bin a tion o f the follow in g : In stalling, m aintaining,
r e p a ir in g , ov erh au lin g, trou b lesh ootin g , m od ify in g , con stru ctin g , and testin g.
W ork r e q u ire s p r a c tic a l a p plication o f tech n ica l kn ow ledge of e le c tr o n ic s
p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d eterm in e m a lfu n ction s, and sk ill to put equipm ent in
re q u ire d op era tin g con d ition .
The equipm ent— c o n s istin g o f eith er m a n y d iffe r e n t kinds o f c irc u its
o r m u ltip le rep etition o f the sam e kind o f c ir c u it— in clu d es, but is not lim ited
to, the fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tran sm ittin g and r e c e iv in g equipm ent (e .g .,
ra d a r, ra d io, te le v is io n , telep h on e, son a r, navigation al aids), (b) digital and
analog c o m p u te r s , and (c) in d u stria l and m e d ic a l m e a su rin g and con trollin g
equipm ent.
T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f such standard e le c tr o n ic
equ ipm ent as co m m o n o ffic e m a ch in e s and h ou seh old rad io and te le v is io n
se ts; p rod u ction a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a ry duty is
s e r v ic in g e le c tr o n ic test in stru m en ts; tech n icia n s who have adm in istrative
o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a fte r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l
e n g in e e r s .
P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d
d e fin itio n s .

into

le v e ls on the b a sis of the follow in g

C la ss A . A p p lies advanced te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to solve unusually
c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can not be so lv e d s o le ly by r e fe r ­
en ce to m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' m anu als o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w orkin g on e le c ­
tr o n ic equ ipm ent. E x a m p les o f such p r o b le m s in clude lo ca tio n and d en sity o f
c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tion , isola tin g m a lfu n ction s, and frequ ent
en gin eerin g ch a n g es. W ork in v o lv e s ; A d eta iled understanding o f the in ter­
re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent ju dgm en t in p e rfo rm in g such
tasks as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly ses, ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s , tracin g rela tion ­
sh ips in sign al flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u sin g c o m p le x test in strum ents (e .g ., dual
tr a c e o s c ill o s c o p e s , Q -m e t e r s , d ev ia tion m e t e r s , p u lse g e n e r a to rs ).

E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C o n tin u e d

M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R — C o n tin u e d

W ork m a y be rev iew ed by s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an en gin eer o r
d esig n er) fo r g en era l c o m p lia n ce with a ccep ted p r a c t ic e s . M ay p ro v id e
tech n ica l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te ch n icia n s .

layin g ou t o f w ork fr o m blu eprin ts, d ra w in g s, m o d e ls , o r v erb a l in stru ction s;
using a v a rie ty o f c a r p e n te r's h an dtools, p o rta b le p ow er to o ls, and standard
m ea su rin g instrum ents; m aking standard shop com pu tation s relatin g to d i­
m en sion s o f w ork; and selectin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w ork .
In
g en e ra l, the w ork o f the m aintenance c a r p e n te r r e q u ire s rounded trainin g
and e x p e rie n c e u su ally acqu ired through a f o r m a l
a p p ren ticesh ip o r
equ ivalent training and e x p e rie n ce .

C la ss B . A p p lies c o m p r e h e n s iv e tech n ica l k n ow ledge to so lv e c o m ­
plex p r o b le m s ( i.e ., th ose that .typically can be solv ed s o le ly by p r o p e r ly
in terpretin g m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' m anu als o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w ork in g on
e le c tr o n ic equ ipm ent. W ork in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r ity with the in te r re la tio n ­
ships o f c ir c u it s ; and ju dgm en t in determ in in g w ork seq u en ce and in se le ctin g
tools and testin g in stru m en ts, u su a lly le s s c o m p le x than th ose u sed by the
c la s s A tech n icia n .
R e c e iv e s te ch n ica l guidan ce, as re q u ire d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er
le v e l tech n icia n , and w o rk is rev iew ed fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n ce with a ccep ted
p r a c tic e s and w o rk a ssig n m en ts. M ay p ro v id e tech n ica l guidance to lo w e r
le v e l te ch n icia n s .
C la ss C . A p p lies w ork in g tech n ica l k n ow ledge to p e r fo r m sim p le o r
routine tasks in w ork in g on e le c tr o n ic equipm ent, follow in g detailed in stru c ­
tions w hich c o v e r v irtu a lly all p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ica lly in v olv es such
tasks as: A s s is tin g h igh er le v e l tech n icia n s b y p e r fo rm in g such a ctiv ities as
rep lacin g com p on en ts, w irin g c ir c u it s , and taking test rea d in g s; re p a irin g
sim p le e le c tr o n ic equipm ent; and using to o ls and com m on te s t in stru m en ts
(e .g ., m u ltim e te rs , audio signail g e n e r a to r s , tube t e s te r s , o s c ill o s c o p e s ) .
Is not req u ired to be fa m ilia r with the in te rre la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . This
kn ow ledge, h ow ev er, m a y be acq u ired through a ssign m en ts d esign ed to
in cr e a s e co m p e te n ce (in cluding c la s s r o o m trainin g) so that w o rk e r can ,
advance to h igh er le v e l tech n icia n .
R e c e iv e s tech n ica l guidan ce, as re q u ire d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er
le v e l tech n icia n . W ork is ty p ica lly sp ot ch eck ed , but is given d eta iled rev iew
when new o r advanced a ssign m en ts are in volved .
RE GISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSE
A r e g is te r e d n urse who g iv es nursing s e r v ic e under g en era l m e d ica l
d ir e c tio n to ill o r in ju red e m p lo y e e s o r oth er p e rso n s who b e c o m e ill o r
su ffer an a ccid en t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c to r y o r oth er esta b lish m en t.
D uties in v olv e a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : G iving fir s t aid to the ill o r
injured; attending to subsequent d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju rie s ; keepin g
r e c o r d s o f patients trea ted ; p rep a rin g a ccid en t r e p o rts fo r com p en sa tion o r
oth er p u rp o s e s ; a ssistin g in p h y s ica l exam ination s and health evalu ation s o f
applicants and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r ry in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g
health edu ca tion , a ccid e n t p reven tion , evalu ation o f plant en viron m en t, o r
oth er a ctiv itie s a ffectin g the health, w e lfa r e , and sa fety o f all p e r so n n e l.
N ursing s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u rses in estab lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than
one n urse are ex clu d ed .

Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant
M AINTENANCE C A R P E N T E R
P e r fo r m s the c a rp e n try du ties n e c e s s a r y to co n s tr u c t and m ain tain
in good r e p a ir building w ood w ork and equipm ent such as b in s, c rib s , cou n ters,
b en ch es, p a rtitio n s, d o o r s , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and trim m ade o f w ood
in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in volves m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and




M AINTENANCE ELECTRIC IAN
P e r fo r m s a v ariety o f e le c t r ic a l trad e fu n ction s such as the in sta l­
la tion , m ain ten an ce, o r re p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g en eration , d istrib u tion ,
o r u tiliza tion o f e le c t r ic en ergy in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v olv es m o s t
o f the fo llo w in g : Installing o r rep a irin g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l equipm ent such as g en era tors, tr a n s fo r m e r s , sw itch b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it
b r e a k e r s , m o to rs , heating units, condu it s y s te m s , o r oth er tr a n sm iss io n
equipm ent; w orking fr o m b lu ep rin ts, d ra w in g s, la you ts, o r oth er s p e c ifi­
ca tio n s ; locatin g and diagn osing trou b le in the e le c t r ic a l sy stem o r equip­
m en t; w ork in g standard com putations relatin g to load req u irem en ts o f w irin g
o r e le c t r ic a l equipm ent; and using a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools and
m ea su rin g and testing in stru m en ts. In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce
e le c tr ic ia n re q u ire s rounded training and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ired through
a fo r m a l ap pren ticesh ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M AINTENANCE PAIN TER
P aints and r e d e co r a te s w a lls, w ood w ork , and fix tu re s o f an esta b ­
lish m en t. W ork in volves the fo llo w in g : K n ow ledge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r itie s
and types o f paint req u ired fo r d iffe r e n t a p p lica tio n s ; p rep a rin g su r fa c e
fo r painting by rem ov in g old fin ish o r by p la cin g putty o r fill e r in nail
h o le s -and in te r s tice s ; and applying paint with sp ra y gun o r bru sh . M ay
m ix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and oth er paint in gred ien ts to obtain p r o p e r
c o lo r o r c o n s iste n c y . In g en era l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten an ce painter
r e q u ire s rounded training and e x p e rie n c e u su a lly acq u ired through a fo r m a l
a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and e x p e r ie n c e .
M AINTENANCE MACHINIST
P r o d u c e s rep la cem en t parts and new p a rts in m akin g r e p a ir s o f
m eta l p a rts o f m ech a n ica l equipm ent o p era ted in an esta b lish m en t. W ork
in v olv es m o s t of the follow in g : In terp retin g w ritten in stru ction s and s p e c i­
fic a tio n s ; planning and laying out o f w o rk ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t's
handtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; settin g up and operatin g
standard m ach in e to o ls ; shaping o f m e ta l p a rts to c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; m aking
standard shop com putations relatin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o rk , toolin g , fe e d s ,
and sp eed s o f m achining; know ledge o f the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the com m on
m e ta ls ; selectin g standard m a te r ia ls , p a rts , and equipm ent r e q u ire d fo r this
w ork ; and fitting and assem blin g p a rts into m e c h a n ica l equipm ent. In
g e n e r a l, the m a ch in is t's w ork n o rm a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded trainin g in
m a ch in e -s h o p p r a c tic e u su ally acq u ired through a fo r m a l ap p ren ticesh ip o r
equ ivalent training and e x p e rie n ce .
M AINTENANCE M ECHANIC (M ach in ery)
R ep a irs m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ica l equ ipm ent o f an esta b lish m en t.
W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in in g m a ch in es and m e c h a n ica l
equipm ent to diagn ose s o u rce o f tro u b le ; d ism a n tlin g o r p a rtly dism antlin g
m a ch in es and p erform in g re p a ir s that m a in ly in v olv e the u se o f handtools in
scra p in g and fitting p a rts; re p la cin g b rok en o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts with item s

M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y )— C on tin u ed

M IL L W R IG H T

obtain ed fr o m s to ck ; o r d e r in g the p rod u ction o f a re p la c e m e n t p a rt by a
m a ch in e sh op o r sending the m a ch in e to a m ach in e sh op fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ;
p rep a rin g w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r re p a ir s o r fo r the p rod u ction o f
pa rts o r d e r e d fr o m m a ch in e sh ops; re a ss e m b lin g m a ch in e s; and m aking all
n e c e s s a r y adju stm en ts fo r op e ra tio n . In gen era l, the w ork o f a m a ch in e ry
m a in ten an ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded training and e x p e rie n c e u su a lly
a cq u ired th rough a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r i­
e n ce . E x clu d ed fr o m this c la s s ific a tio n are w o rk e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties
in v olv e settin g up o r adju sting m a ch in e s.

In stalls new m a ch in es o r h eavy equipm ent, and dism a n tles and
in sta lls m a ch in es o r h eavy equipm ent w hen changes in the plant layout are
r e q u ire d . W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out
w ork ; in terp retin g blu ep rin ts o r oth er s p e c ific a tio n s ; u sin g a va riety o f handto o ls and rig g in g ; m aking standard shop com pu ta tion s relating to s t r e s s e s ,
strength o f m a te r ia ls , and c e n te rs o f g ra v ity ; aligning and balancing equip­
m en t; s e le ctin g standard to o ls , equipm ent, and p a rts to be u sed; and installing
and m ain taining in good o r d e r p ow er tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d riv es
and sp eed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e ra l, the m illw r ig h t's w ork n orm a lly re q u ire s a
rounded trainin g and e x p e rie n c e in the trad e acq u ired through a fo r m a l
ap p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent trainin g and e x p e r ie n c e .

M AIN TEN AN CE M ECHANIC (M otor v eh icle)
R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s, b u ses, m o to rtru ck s , and tr a c to r s o f an esta b ­
lish m en t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam ining au tom otive equip­
m en t to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tro u b le ; d is a s se m b lin g equipm ent and p e r fo rm in g
r e p a ir s that in v olv e the u se o f such handtools as w re n ch e s , gau ges, d r ills ,
o r s p e c ia liz e d equ ipm ent in d is a s se m b lin g o r fitting p a rts ; re p la cin g brok en
o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m s to ck ; grinding and adjusting v a lv e s; re a s s e m b lin g
and in sta llin g the v a rio u s a s s e m b lie s in the veh icle and m aking n e c e s s a r y
ad ju stm en ts; and aligning w h e e ls, adjusting brakes and lig h ts, o r tightening
bod y b o lts . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m o to r v e h icle m ain ten an ce m e ch a n ic
r e q u ir e s rou n ded train in g and e x p e rie n ce u su ally acqu ired through a fo r m a l
a p p ren ticesh ip o r eq u iv a len t training and e x p e rie n ce .
T h is c la s s ific a t io n d oes not include m ech a n ics w h o
t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u tom ob ile r e p a ir sh ops.

r e p a ir

A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o rk e r s in the sk ille d m ain ten an ce tra d es, by
p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g en era l duties o f l e s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a
w o r k e r su pplied with m a te r ia ls and to o ls ; clean in g w ork in g area, m a ch in e,
and equipm ent; a s sistin g jou rn ey m a n by h olding m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and p e r ­
fo r m in g oth er u n sk illed tasks as d ir e c te d by jou rn ey m a n . The kind o f w ork
the h elp er is p erm itted to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m trad e to trade: In som e
tra d es the h elp er is con fin ed to supplying, liftin g , and holding m a te r ia ls and
to o ls , and clean in g w ork in g a re a s ; and in o th ers he is p erm itted to p e r fo rm
s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s , o r pa rts o f a tra d e that are also p e rfo rm e d
by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e b a s is .

cu s­

M A IN TE N AN C E P IP E F IT T E R
In sta lls o r r e p a ir s w a ter, steam , gas, o r oth er types o f pipe and
p ip efittin g s in an e sta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : L ayin g
out w o rk and m e a su rin g to lo c a te p osition o f pipe fr o m draw in gs o r oth er
w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v ariou s s iz e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with
c h is e l and h a m m er o r o x y a ce ty le n e torch o r p ip e-cu ttin g m a ch in e s; threading
pipe w ith sto ck s and d ie s ; bending pipe by h a n d -d riven o r p o w e r -d r iv e n
m a ch in e s; a s se m b lin g pip e with cou plin gs and fastening pipe to h a n gers;
m akin g stan dard sh op com pu ta tion s relatin g to p r e s s u r e s , flow , and s iz e o f
pipe r e q u ire d ; and m akin g standard tests to d eterm in e w hether fin ish ed p ip es
m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s .
In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce p ip e fitte r
r e q u ir e s rounded train in g and ex p e rie n ce u su ally acqu ired through a fo r m a l
a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t training and e x p e rie n ce . W o r k e rs p r im a r ily
engaged in in sta llin g and re p a irin g building sanitation o r heating sy ste m s
are ex clu d ed .
M AIN TE N AN C E S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER
F a b r ic a te s , in s ta lls , and m aintains in good r e p a ir the s h e e t-m e ta l
equipm ent and fix tu re s (su ch as m a ch in e guards, g r e a s e pans, sh e lv e s,
lo c k e r s , tanks, v e n tila to rs , chu tes, du cts, m etal roofin g ) o f an e sta b lish m en t.
W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and layin g out all types o f
s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten an ce w o rk fr o m blu ep rin ts, m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c ifi­
c a tio n s ; settin g up and op era tin g all available types o f sh e e t-m e ta l w ork in g
m a ch in e s; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f handtools in cutting, bending, fo r m in g , shaping,
fittin g, and a s se m b lin g ; and in stalling sh e e t-m e ta l a r tic le s as re q u ire d . In
g e n e ra l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce s h e e t-m e ta l w o rk e r r e q u ir e s rounded
train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly acqu ired through a fo r m a l ap p ren ticesh ip o r
equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .




M AINTENANCE TRA D E S H ELPE R

M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T o o lr o o m )
S p e cia liz e s in operatin g one o r m o r e than one type o f m ach in e tool
(e .g ., jig b o r e r , grin din g m a ch in e, engine lath e, m illin g m ach in e) to m ach in e
m eta l fo r u se in m aking o r m aintaining ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls , gauges,
o r m eta l d ies o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r n on m etallic
m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s tic , p la s te r, ru b b e r, g la s s ). W ork ty p ica lly in v o lv e s ;
Planning and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a ch in in g op e ra tio n s w hich req u ire c o m ­
p lica te d setups o r a high d e g re e o f a c c u r a c y ; settin g up m ach in e tool or
to o ls (e .g ., in sta ll cutting to o ls and adjust g u id es, stop s, w orkin g ta bles,
and oth er c o n tro ls to handle the s iz e o f sto ck to be m a ch in ed; d eterm in e
p r o p e r fe e d s , sp e e d s, toolin g , and op e ra tio n seq u en ce o r s e le c t those p r e ­
s c r ib e d in draw in gs, b lu ep rin ts, o r la y ou ts); u sin g a v a riety o f p r e c is io n
m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; m aking n e c e s s a r y adju stm ents during m achining
o p era tion to ach ieve re q u is ite d im en sion s to v e r y c lo s e to le ra n c e s . M ay
be r e q u ire d to s e le c t p r o p e r coola n ts and cutting and lu bricatin g o ils , to
r e c o g n iz e when tools need d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s to o ls . In gen era l, the w ork
o f a m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r (to o lro o m ) at the sk ill le v e l ca lled fo r in this
c la s s ific a tio n r e q u ir e s ex ten siv e k n ow ledge o f m a ch in e -s h o p and to o lro o m
p r a c tic e u su a lly a cq u ired through c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e -jo b training and
e x p e r ie n c e .
F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u rp o s e s , this c la s s ific a tio n d oes not
in clude m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s (to o lr o o m ) em p loyed in tool and die jobbin g
sh ops.
TO O L AND DIE M AKER
C on stru cts and r e p a ir s jig s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls , gauges, o r m etal
d ie s o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo rm in g m e ta l o r n on m eta llic m a te r ia l (e .g .,
p la s tic , p la s te r , ru b b er, g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s ; Planning and laying
out w o rk a c c o rd in g to m o d e ls , b lu ep rin ts, d ra w in g s, o r oth er w ritten o r o r a l
s p e c ific a tio n s ; understan din g the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f com m on m eta ls and

T O O L AN D D IE M A K E R — C o n tin u e d

S H IP P E R A N D R E C E IV E R

a llo y s ; se le ctin g a p p rop ria te m a te r ia ls , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u ire d to
com p lete ta sk s ; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tion s; settin g up and o p e r ­
ating v a riou s m a ch in e to o ls and rela ted equipm ent; u sin g v a rio u s to o l and
d ie m a k e r 's h an dtools and p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; w ork in g to v e ry
c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m eta l pa rts and fin ish ed to o ls and d ie s to
a ch ieve re q u ire d q u a litie s; fittin g and a ssem b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d t o le r ­
ances and a llo w a n ce s . In g e n e ra l, the to o l and d ie m a k e r 's w ork r e q u ir e s
rounded trainin g in m a c h in e -s h o p and to o lr o o m p r a c tic e u su a lly acq u ired
through fb r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent t r a i n i n g and e x p e r ie n c e .

P e r fo r m s c le r i c a l and p h y s ica l tasks in con n ection with shipping
good s o f the estab lish m en t in w hich em p lo y e d and r e ce iv in g in com in g
sh ip m en ts. In p e rfo rm in g d a y -to -d a y , routine ta sk s , fo llo w s esta b lish ed
g u id e lin e s. In handling unusual n onroutin e p r o b le m s , r e c e iv e s s p e c ific guid­
ance fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r oth er o ffic ia l s .
M ay d ir e c t and c o o rd in a te the
a c tiv itie s o f oth er w o rk e r s engaged in handling g ood s to be shipped o r being
r e c e iv e d .

F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u rp o s e s , this c la s s ific a t io n d oes not
include to o l and d ie m a k e rs who ( l ) are em p loyed in to o l and d ie job b in g
shops o r (2) p ro d u ce fo r g in g d ies (d ie s in k e r s ).
STATIO NARY ENGINEER

Shippers ty p ica lly are r e s p o n s ib le fo r m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ­
ifyin g that o r d e r s are a ccu ra te ly fille d by c o m p a rin g item s and quantities
o f good s gathered fo r shipm ent against d ocu m en ts; in su rin g that shipm ents
are p r o p e r ly packaged, iden tified with shipping in form a tion , and loa d ed into
tra n sp ortin g v e h ic le s ; p rep a rin g and k eep in g r e c o r d s o f g oods sh ipped, e .g .,
m a n ife s ts , b ills o f lading.
R e c e iv e r s ty p ica lly are r e s p o n s ib le fo r m o s t o f the fo llo w in g :
V e rify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f in com in g sh ipm en ts b y co m p a rin g item s and
quantities unloaded against b ills o f la d in g, in v o ic e s , m a n ife s ts , sto ra g e
r e c e ip ts , o r other r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r dam aged g o o d s; in su rin g that
goods are a p p rop ria tely iden tified f o r routing to dep a rtm en ts w ithin the
esta b lish m en t; p rep arin g and keepin g r e c o r d s o f g ood s r e c e iv e d .

O p e ra te s and m ain tains and m a y also s u p e r v is e the op e ra tio n o f
station ary en gin es and equipm ent (m e ch a n ica l o r e le c t r ic a l) to supply the
estab lish m en t in w hich e m p loy ed w ith p o w e r, heat, r e fr ig e r a tio n , o r a ir con dition in g. W ork in v o lv e s ; O pera tin g and m ain taining equipm ent such as
steam en gin es, air c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o t o r s , tu rb in es, ventilating
and r e frig e ra tin g equipm ent, steam b o ile r s and b o i le r -fe d w ater pum ps;
m aking equ ipm ent r e p a ir s ; and keepin g a r e c o r d o f op e ra tio n o f m a ch in e ry ,
tem p era tu re, and fu el con su m p tion . M ay a lso su p e r v is e th ese o p e r a tio n s .
Head or c h ie f e n g in eers in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one en g in eer
are e x clu d ed .

F or

wage

study

p u rp o s e s ,

w ork ers

are

c la s s ifie d

as

fo llo w s :

Shipper
R e c e iv e r
Shipper and r e c e iv e r

BOILER TEN DER
WAREHOUSEMAN

F ir e s sta tion a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the esta b lish m en t in w hich
em p loyed with heat, p o w e r, o r steam . F e e d s fu e ls to fir e by hand o r
op era tes a m e c h a n ica l sto k e r, g a s, o r o il b u rn er; and ch e ck s w ater and
safety v a lv e s . M ay clea n , o il, o r a s s is t in re p a irin g b o ile r r o o m equipm ent.

A s d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a rie ty o f w a reh ou sin g du ties w hich r e q u ire
an understanding o f the esta b lis h m e n t's s to ra g e p la n . W o rk in v olv es m o s t
o f the fo llo w in g : V erify in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) again st r e c e iv in g
d ocu m en ts, noting and rep ortin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob v iou s d a m a g e s; routing
m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d stora g e lo c a tio n s ; sto rin g , stack in g, o r p a lle tizin g
m a te r ia ls in a ccord a n ce with p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e m e th o d s; r e a r ra n g in g and
taking in ven tory o f s t o r e d m a te r ia ls ; exam in in g s to r e d m a te r ia ls and
rep o rtin g d e te rio ra tio n and dam age; r e m o v in g m a te r ia l fr o m s to ra g e and
p rep a rin g it fo r shipm ent. M ay o p e ra te hand o r p o w e r tru ck s in p e r fo r m in g
w areh ou sin g du ties.

Material Movement and Custodial
TRU CKDRIVER
D r iv e s a tru ck w ithin a c ity o r in d u stria l a rea to tra n sp o rt
m a te r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equipm ent, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a riou s types o f
estab lish m en ts such as: M anufacturing plants, fr e ig h t d ep ots, w a r e h o u se s ,
w h olesa le and r e ta il esta b lish m en ts, o r betw een r e ta il esta b lish m en ts and
c u s to m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la ce s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a lso loa d o r unload tru ck
with o r w ithout h e lp e r s , m ake m in o r m e ch a n ica l r e p a ir s , and k eep tru ck in
good w ork in g o r d e r .
S a lesrou te and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s are e x clu d e d .

E xclude w o rk e r s w hose p r im a r y du ties in v olv e shipping and r e c e i v ­
ing w ork (s e e Shipper and R e c e iv e r and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g
(s e e O rd e r F ille r ), o r operatin g p ow er tr u c k s (s e e P o w e r -T r u c k O p e ra to r ).
ORDER F IL L E R
F ills shipping o r tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish e d good s fr o m sto re d
m e r c h a n d ise in a c c o rd a n c e with s p e c ific a tio n s on sa le s s lip s , c u s to m e r s '
o r d e r s , o r other in stru ction s. M ay, in addition to fillin g o r d e r s and indi­
cating item s fille d o r om itted , k eep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , r e q u isitio n
additional stock o r re p o rt sh ort su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m oth er
re la te d du ties.

F o r w age study p u rp o s e s , tr u ck d r iv e rs are c la s s ifie d by type and
rated c a p a city o f tru ck , as fo llo w s :
T r u c k d r iv e r , ligh t tru ck
(stra ig h t tru ck , u nder IV2 ton s, u su ally 4 w h eels)
T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m tru ck
(stra ig h t tru ck , IV2 to 4 tons in clu s iv e , u su a lly 6 w h eels)
T r u c k d r iv e r , h eavy tru ck
(stra ig h t tru ck , o v e r 4 ton s, u su a lly 10. w h eels)
T r u c k d r iv e r , t r a c t o r -t r a ile r




SHIPPING PACKER
P r e p a r e s fin ish ed p rod u cts fo r sh ipm en t o r s to ra g e by p la cin g them
in shipping con ta in ers, the s p e c ific o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d being dependent
upon the type, s iz e , and num ber o f units to b e p a ck ed , the type o f con ta in er

22

SH IP P IN G P A C K E R — C o n tin u e d

G U A R D — C o n tin u e d

em p loy ed , and m eth od o f sh ipm en t. W ork r e q u ire s the p la cin g o f item s in
shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v olv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : K now ledge
o f v a riou s item s o f s to ck in o r d e r to v e r ify content; s e le c t io n o f ap p rop ria te
type and s iz e o f co n ta in e r; in se rtin g e n clo s u re s in con ta in er; u sin g e x c e ls io r
o r oth er m a te r ia l to p r e v e n t break a ge o r dam age; clo s in g and sea lin g con ­
ta in e r; and applying la b e ls o r en terin g identifying data on c o n ta in e r. P a c k e r s
who a lso m a k e w ood en b o x e s o r cra te s are ex clu d ed .

G uards em p loy ed by esta b lish m en ts w hich p ro v id e p r o te c tiv e s e r ­
v ic e s on a c o n tr a c t b a sis are included in this occu p a tion .
F o r w age

purposes,

guards

are

c la s s ifie d

as

fo llo w s :

C la ss A . E n fo r c e s regu la tion s d esig n ed to preven t b re a ch e s of
s e c u r it y . E x e r c is e s ju dgm en t and u ses d is c r e tio n in dealin g with e m e r ­
g e n c ie s a n d s e c u r it y v iola tion s en cou n tered . D eterm in es w hether fir s t
r e s p o n s e should be to in terven e d ir e c tly (askin g fo r a s sista n ce when deem ed
n e c e s s a r y and tim e a llo w s), to k eep situation under su r v e illa n c e , o r to r e p o rt
situ ation so that it can be handled by a p p rop ria te au th ority. D uties req u ire
s p e c ia liz e d trainin g in m eth od s and tech niques o f p r o te ctin g se c u rity a re a s .
C om m on ly , the guard is r e q u ire d to d em on stra te continuing p h y sica l fitn ess
and p r o fic ie n c y with fir e a r m s o r oth er sp e c ia l w eap on s.

M A T E R IA L HANDLING LA B O R E R
A w o r k e r em p lo y e d in a w a reh ou se, m anu factu ring plant, s to r e , or
oth e r e sta b lis h m e n t w h o s e du ties in volve one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g :
L oad in g and unloadin g v a rio u s m a te r ia ls and m e rch a n d ise on o r fr o m fre ig h t
c a r s , tr u ck s , o r oth er tra n sp ortin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh elv in g, o r pla cin g
m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r stora g e lo ca tio n ; and tra n sp ortin g
m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . L o n g s h o re
w o r k e r s , w ho loa d and u nload sh ip s, are exclu ded.

C la ss B . C a r r ie s out in stru ction s p r im a r ily orien ted tow ard in­
su rin g that e m e r g e n c ie s and s e c u r ity v iola tion s are r e a d ily d is c o v e r e d and
r e p o rte d to a p p rop ria te au th ority. In terven es d ir e c tly on ly in situations
w h ich r e q u ire m in im a l action to sa fegu ard p r o p e r ty o r p e r s o n s . D uties r e ­
q u ire m in im a l tra in in g . C om m on ly , the guard is not re q u ire d to d em on strate
p h y s ic a l fit n e s s . M ay be arm ed , but g e n e r a lly is not re q u ire d to dem on strate
p r o fic ie n c y in the u se o f fir e a r m s o r s p e cia l w ea p on s.

P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R
O p e ra te s a m a n u a lly c o n tro lle d g a so lin e - or e le c t r ic p ow ered tru ck
o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t g ood s and m a te r ia ls o f all kinds about a w a reh ou se,
m a n u fa ctu rin g plant, o r oth er estab lish m en t.
tru ck ,

study

F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o rk e r s are c la s s ifie d by type o f p o w e ras fo llo w s ;

JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R
F o r k lift o p e r a to r
P o w e r -t r u c k o p e r a to r (oth er than fo rk lift)
GUARD
P r o t e c t s p r o p e r t y fr o m theft o r dam age, o r p e r s o n s fr o m h aza rd s
o r in te r fe r e n c e . D uties in v olv e serv in g at a fix ed p o s t, m aking rounds on
fo o t o r b y m o t o r v e h ic le , o r e s c o r tin g p e rso n s o r p r o p e rty . M ay be depu tized
to m a k e a r r e s t s . M ay a ls o help v is it o r s and c u s to m e r s by an sw erin g
q u estion s and g iv in g d ir e c t io n s .




23

C lean s and k eeps in an o r d e r ly con d ition fa c to r y w orkin g a reas and
w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e , apartm ent h ou se, o r c o m m e r c ia l
o r oth er esta b lish m en t. D uties in volve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g ;
Sw eeping, m op pin g o r scru b b in g , and p olish in g f lo o r s ; rem ov in g ch ip s, trash ,
and oth er r e fu s e ; dusting equipm ent, fu rn itu re, o r fix tu r e s ; polish in g m eta l
fix tu re s o r tr im m in g s ; p rov id in g su pplies and m in o r m ain ten an ce s e r v ic e s ;
and clea n in g la v a to r ie s , s h o w e rs , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e rs who s p e c ia liz e
in w indow w ashin g a re e x clu d e d .

Service Contract
Act Surveys
The fo llo w in g a rea s are s u r ­
v ey ed p e r io d ic a lly fo r use in adm in ­
is te r in g the S e r v ic e C on tract A ct
o f 1965. S u rvey re su lts are pu b­
lish ed in r e le a s e s w hich are a v a ila ­
b le , at no c o s t , w hile su p p lies last
fr o m any o f the BLS re g io n a l o ffic e s
shown on the ba ck c o v e r .
A lask a (statew id e)
A lbany, Ga.
A lexa n d ria —L e e s v ille , La.
Alpena—Standish^Taw as C ity, M ich .
Ann A r b o r , M ich .
A tlan tic C ity , N.J.
A ugusta, G a.—S .C .
A u stin , T e x .
B a k e rs fie ld , C alif.
Baton R ou g e, La.
Battle C r e e k , M ich .
B eaum ont—P o r t A rthur—O ra n g e, T e x .
Beaum ont—P o r t Arthur—O range
and Lake C h a rle s , T e x .—La.
B ilo x i—G u lfp ort and P a s ca g o u la —
M oss P o in t, M iss .
B in gh am ton , N .Y .
B irm in g h a m , A la.
B loom in gton —V in ce n n e s, Ind.
B re m e r to n —Sh elton, W ash,
B ru n sw ick , Ga.
C eda r R a p id s , Iow a
Cham paign—Urbana—R antoul, 111.
C h arleston —N orth C h arleston —
W a lte r b o r o , S .C .
C h arlotte—G aston ia, N .C .
C h eyenne, W yo.
C la r k s v ille —H o p k in sv ille , T enn.—K y .
C o lo ra d o S p rin g s, C olo.
C olum bia—S u m ter, S .C .
C olu m bu s, G a.—A la.
C olu m bu s, M is s .
D eca tu r, 111.
Des M oin es, Iow a
Duluth—S u p e r io r , M inn.—W is.
E l P a s o —A la m o g o r d o —L as C r u c e s ,
T e x .—N. M ex.
Eugene—S p rin g field —M e d fo rd , O reg .
F a y e tte v ille , N .C.




F o r t L a u d erd a le—H ollyw ood
and W est P a lm B ea ch —
B o c a R aton , F la .
F o r t Sm ith , A rk .—O kla.
F r e d e r ic k —H agers town—
C h a m b ersb u rg , M d.—Pa.
G o ld s b o r o , N.C.
G rand Islan d—H a s tin g s, N ebr.
G uam , T e r r it o r y o f
H a rrisb u rg —L eban on, P a.
K n o x v ille , Tenn.
L a r e d o , T ex .
L as V e g a s—T on opah , Nev.
L im a , O hio
L ittle R ock—N orth L ittle R ock , A rk.
L og a n sp ort—P e r u , Ind.
L ora in —E ly r ia , O hio
L o w e r E a stern S h o r e , M d.—V a .—D el.
M a con , Ga.
M a d ison , W is.
M aine (statew id e)
M a n sfie ld , O hio
M cA llen —P h arr—E dinburg
and B r o w n s v ille —H arlingen—
San B e n ito , T ex .
M e rid ia n , M is s .
M id d le s e x , M onm outh, and
O cean C o s ., N .J.
M ob ile—P e n s a co la —P an am a C ity,
A la .—F la .
M ontana (statew id e)
N a sh ville—D av id son , Tenn.
New B ern —J a ck s o n v ille , N.C.
New H am psh ire (statew id e)
New London—N orw ich , Conn.—R .I.
N orth Dakota (statew id e)
N orth ern New Y o r k
N orth w est T ex as
O rla n d o, F la .
O xnard—S im i V a lley —V en tu ra, C a lif.
P e o r ia , 111.
P h oen ix , A r iz .
P in e B lu ff, A rk .
P u e b lo , C o lo .
P u e rto R ic o
R a leig h —D urh am , N .C .
R en o, N ev.
S alin a, K ans.

Salinas—Seaside—M on terey , C alif.
Sandusky, Ohio
Santa B a rb ara—Santa M aria—
L o m p o c , Calif.
Savannah, Ga.
S elm a , A la.
S h re v e p o rt, La.
South Dakota (statew ide)
Southern Idaho
Southw est V irg in ia
Spokane, Wash.
S p rin g fie ld , 111.
S tock ton , C alif.
T a c o m a , Wash.
Tam pa—St. P e te r sb u r g , F la .
T op ek a , K ans.
T u cson —D ou g la s, A r iz .
T u lsa , Okla.
U pper P en in su la, M ich .
V erm on t (statew ide)
V irg in Islands o f the U.S.
W aco and K illeen —T e m p le , T ex.
W a terloo—C edar F a l ls , Iowa
W est V irg in ia (statew ide)
W ich ita F a lls—Lawton—Altus ,
T e x .—Okla.
W ilm in gton , D el.—N .J.—Md.
Y akim a—R ich lan d-K en n ew ick—
P en d leton , W ash.—O re g .

ALSO A V A IL A B L E —
An annual r e p o rt on s a la r ie s fo r
a ccou n ta n ts, a u d ito rs , c h ie f a c c o u n t­
an ts, a tto r n e y s, jo b a n a ly sts, d i r e c ­
t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l, b u y e r s , c h e m is ts ,
e n g in e e r s , en g in eerin g te ch n icia n s,
d r a ft e r s , a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s
is a v a ila b le . O r d e r as BLS B u lle ­
tin 1980, N ational S u rvey o f P r o ­
fe s s io n a l, A d m in is tra tiv e , T e c h n ic a l
and C le r ic a l P a y , M a rch 1977, $ 2 .4 0
a c o p y , fr o m any o f the BLS r e ­
gion a l sa le s o ffic e s shown on the
b a ck c o v e r , o r fr o m the S u p erin ­
tendent o f D ocu m en ts, U .S. G o v e r n ­
m ent P rin tin g O ffic e , W ashington,
D .C . 20402.

Area Wage
Surveys
A lis t o f the la test bu lletin s ava ila b le is p resen ted b e lo w .
B u lletin s
m ay be p u rc h a s e d fr o m any o f the BLS re g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the ba ck
c o v e r , or fr o m the Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G overnm ent P rin tin g
O ffic e , W a sh in gton , D .C . 20402. M ake ch eck s payable to Superintendent o f
D ocum ents'. A d ir e c t o r y o f occu p a tion a l w age s u r v e y s , c o v e r in g the y e a rs
1970 th rough 1976, is a v a ila b le on req u est.
A rea
A k ron , O h io, D e c. 19 7 7 ------------------------------------------------Albany—Sch enectady—T r o y , N .Y ., Sept. 1977 ------------Anaheim ^Santa Ana—G arden G ro v e ,
C a lif., O ct. 19 77_______________________________________
A tlan ta , G a ., M ay 1978 1----------------------------------------------B a ltim o r e , M d ., A u g. 19 7 7 -------------------------------------------B illin g s , M o n t., Ju ly 1978_____________________________
B irm in g h a m , A la ., M a r . 1978_________________________
B o s to n , M a s s ., A u g. 1977 --------------------------------------------B u ffa lo , N .Y ., O ct. 1977 -----------------------------------------------Canton, O h io, M ay 1978________________________________
C hattanooga, T enn.—G a ., Sept. 1977 ---------------------------C h ic a g o , 111., M ay 1978________________________________
C in cin n a ti, O h io -K y .—In d., July 1977 1 -----------------------C le v ela n d , O h io, Sept. 1977 1 --------------------------------------C olu m b u s, O h io, O ct. 1 9 7 7 ____________________________
C orp u s C h r is ti, T e x ., July 1978______________________
D allas—F o rt W o rth , T e x ., O ct. 1977__________________
D avenport—R o c k Is la n d -M o lin e , Iowa—111., F eb . 1978
D ayton, O h io, D e c . 1977 1---------------------------------------------Daytona B e a ch , F la ., A u g. 1977 1--------------------------------D enver—B o u ld e r , C o lo ., D e c. 1977 1---------------------------D e tr o it, M ic h ., M a r . 1978_____________________________
F r e s n o , C a lif., June 1978 1 -----------------------------------------G a in e s v ille , F la ., Sept. 1977 1-------------------------------------G re en B a y, W is ., July 1 9 7 7 -----------------------------------------G r e e n s b o r o —W in sto n -S a le m —High P oin t,
N .C ., A u g. 1977 1 ______________________________________
G re e n v ille —S p artan bu rg, S .C ., June 1978_____________
H a r tfo r d , C on n ., M a r. 1978 1--------------------------------------H ou ston , T e x ., A p r . 1978______________________________
H u n tsv ille, A l a ., F e b . 1 9 7 8 -----------------------------------------In d ia n a p olis, In d., O ct. 1 9 7 7 ----------------------------------------J a ck s o n , M i s s ., Jem. 19 7 8 --------------------------------------------J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., D e c . 19 7 7 _________________________
K ansas C ity , M o.—K a n s., Sept. 19 77---------------------------L o s A n g eles—Long B e a ch , C a lif., O ct. 1977--------------L o u is v ille , K y.—In d., N ov. 1977 1--------------------------------M e m p h is, Tenn.—A r k .—M is s ., N ov. 1977--------------------




B u lletin num ber
and p r ic e *
1 9 5 0 -7 0 , 80 cents
1 9 5 0 -5 2 , 80 cen ts
1 9 5 0 -6 0 ,
2 0 25 -28,
1 9 5 0 -3 9 ,
2 0 25 -38,
20 2 5 -1 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 8 ,
2 0 2 5 -2 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 4 ,
2 0 2 5 -3 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 4 ,
2 0 25 -29,
19 5 0 -6 5 ,
2 0 2 5 -6 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 4 ,
2 0 2 5 -1 1 ,
2 0 25 -31,
1 9 5 0 -4 6 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 6 ,

$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .4 0
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .0 0
80 cen ts
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .0 0
70 cen ts
70 cen ts
$ 1.30
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .4 0
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1.20
70 cents
$ 1.10
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .4 0
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .0 0
70 cents

1 9 5 0 -4 2 ,
2 0 2 5 -3 0 ,
2 0 25 -14,
2 0 2 5 -2 3 ,
2 0 2 5 -4 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 6 ,
2 0 2 5 -1 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 7 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 6 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 3 ,

$ 1 .1 0
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .2 0
70 cents
$ 1 .0 0
70 cents
70 cents
$ 1.00
$ 1.20
$ 1.20
70 cents

A rea
M ia m i, F la ., O ct. 19 7 7 .......................................................................
M ilw au k ee, W is ., A p r . 1978 1 .........................................................
M in n eap olis—St. P a u l, M inn.—W is ., Jan. 1978 1____________
N a ssa u -S u ffolk , N .Y ., June 1978 1____________________ ______
N ew ark, N .J ., Jan. 1978 1____________ ________ _______________
New O rle a n s , L a ., Jan. 1978________________________________
New Y o r k , N .Y ^ -N .J ., M ay 1978 1 .......... ......................................
N orfolk —V irg in ia B each —P ortsm ou th , Va —
N .C ., M ay 1978.....................................................................................
N orfolk —V irg in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m outh and
N ew port News—H am pton, Va.—N .C ., M ay 1978_____________
N orth east P en n sylva n ia , Aug. 1977 1________________________
O klahom a C ity, O k la ., A ug. 1977 1 ..................... ..........................
O m aha, N eb r.—Iow a, O ct. 1977 1 ____________________________
P a terson ^ C lifton —P a s s a ic , N .J ., June 1978 1________________
P h ila d elp h ia , Pa.—N .J ., N ov. 19 77............. ..................................
P ittsb u rg h , P a ., Jan. 19 7 8 __________________________________
P ortla n d , M ain e, D e c. 19 77........................................................ .
P ortla n d , O re g .—W a sh ., M ay 1978__________________________
P ou g h k eep sie, N .Y ., June 1978 1____________________________
P ou gh k eep sie—K in gston -N ew b u rg h , N .Y ., June 19 76............
P r o v id e n c e -W a r w ic k —P a w tu ck et, R .I.—
M a s s ., June 1978 ____________________________________________
R ich m on d , V a ., June 1978......................... .......................................
St. L o u is , M o.—ELL, M a r. 1978.......... ..............................................
S a cra m en to, C a lif., D ec. 1977 1................................................. ....
Saginaw, M ic h ., N ov. 1 9 7 7 ..............................................................
Salt Lake City—O gden, Utah, N ov. 1977_____________________
San A n ton io, T e x ., M ay 1978________________________________
San D ieg o, C a lif., N ov. 1977 1____ ________ _________________
San F r a n c is c o —O akland, C a lif., M a r. 1 9 7 8 1.............. ................
San J o s e , C a lif., M ar. 1 9 7 8 1________________________________
S e a ttle -E v e re tt, W a sh ., D ec. 1977__________________________
South B end, Ind., A ug. 1977 1 ....................................................... .
T o le d o , O hio—M ic h ., M ay 1978 1____________________________
T ren ton , N .J ., Sept. 19 77____________________________________
U ticar-R om e, N .Y ., July 1978________________________________
W ash ington , D .C .—M d.—V a ., M a r. 1978 1 ___________________
W ich ita , K a n s., A p r . 1978............. ...................................................
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., A p r . 1978 1 _____________________________
Y o r k , P a ., F eb . 1978 1....................................................................... .

B u lletin num ber
and p r ic e *
1950-57,
2025-18,
2 0 2 5 -2 ,
2 0 25 -33,
2 0 2 5 -7 ,
2 0 2 5 -5 ,
20 25 -35,

$1 .00
$1.40
$1.40
$ 1 .3 0
$1 .40
$1 .00
$1 .5 0

2025-20, 70 cents
2025-21,
1950-38,
19 50 -49,
1950-55,
2 0 25 -36,
19 50 -62,
2 0 2 5 -3 ,
1950-69,
2025-25,
20 25 -37,
1900-55,

80 cents
$ 1 .1 0
$ 1 .1 0
$1 .10
$ 1 .2 0
$1 .20
$1 .10
70 cents
$1 .00
$ 1 .1 0
55 cents

2025-27,
2025-26,
2025-13,
19 50-72,
1950-59,
1950-68,
2025-17,
1950-73,
20 2 5 -1 0 ,
2 0 2 5 -9 ,
1950-75,
1950-51,
2025-24,
1950-47,
2 0 25 -34,
2025-12,
2025-16,
2025-19,
2 0 2 5 -8 ,

$1 .40
80 cents
$1 .20
$1 .0 0
70 cents
80 cents
70 cents
$1. 10
$1 .40
$1 .20
80 cents
$1 .1 0
$1 .20
70 cents
$1 .0 0
$1 .40
80 cents
$1 .10
$1 .1 0

* Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change.
1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.

Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212

Third Class Mail

Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300

Lab-441

Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices
Region I

Region II

Region lit

Region IV

1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass 02203
Phone: 223-6761 (A reaC o de617)

Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N Y. 10036
Phone 399-5406 (Area Code 212)

3535 Market Street,
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: 596-1154 (A reaC o de215)

Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St., N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone:881-4418 (Area Code 404)

Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont

New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands

Delaware
District of Colum bia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia

Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
M ississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee

Region V

Region Vt

Regions VII and VIII

Regions IX and X

9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St.
Chicago, III 60604
Phone: 353-1880 (A reaC o de312)

Second Floor
555 G riffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 767-69 71 (A reaC o de214)

Federal O ffice Building
911 W alnut St., 15th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area C ode816)

450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone:556-4678 (Area Code 415)

Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas

VII
Iowa
Kansas
M issouri
Nebraska

IX
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada

Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
W isconsin




VIII
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming

X
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington