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. «3<3a S -^ 3 Area Wage Survey Akron, Ohio, Metropolitan Area December 1978 Bulletin 2025-63 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics c '.'ccwoh o a '.70 0 uo^b® n Pu i L'bvarV Portage Preface T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s r e s u l t s o f a D e c e m b e r 1978 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s in th e A k r o n , O h io , S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a . T h e s u r v e y w a s m a d e a s p a r t o f th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' ann ual a rea w age su rv ey p ro g ra m . It w a s c o n d u c te d b y th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in C h ic a g o , 111., u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f L o is L . O r r , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r f o r O p e r a t io n s . T h e s u r v e y c o u ld n ot h a v e b e e n a c c o m p lis h e d w ith ou t th e c o o p e r a t io n o f th e m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and .s a la r y data p r o v id e d th e b a s is f o r th e s t a t is t ic a l in fo r m a t io n in th is b u lle tin . T h e B u r e a u w is h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c ia t io n f o r th e c o o p e r a t io n r e c e iv e d . M a t e r ia l in th is p u b lic a t io n is in th e p u b lic d o m a in a nd m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d w ith ou t p e r m i s s i o n o f the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t. P le a s e c r e d it th e B u re a u p u b lic a tio n . of L abor S t a t is t ic s an d c it e th e nam e an d n um ber of th is Note: C u r r e n t lis t in g s o f u n io n w a g e r a t e s in th e A k r o n a r e a a r e a v a ila b le f o r b u ild in g t r a d e s , p rin tin g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p lo y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s , a n d g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p lo y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s o f th e s e a r e a v a ila b le f r o m th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e b a c k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s .) Area Wage Survey Akron, Ohio, Metropolitan Area December 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary C o n ten ts Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood Acting Commissioner In tr o d u c tio n __________________________________________ 2 T a b le s : February 1979 A. Bulletin 2025-63 For sale by the Superintendent of Docu ments, U.S Government Printing Office, Washington,D C 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover Price $1 00 Make checks payable to Superin tendent of Documents Page P age E a rn in g s, a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; A - l . W eekly ea rn in g s o f o f fic e w o r k e r s __ 3 A - 2 . W eekly ea rn in g s o f p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ica l w o r k e r s ______________ 6 A - 3 . A v e ra g e w e e k ly ea rn in gs o f o ffic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te ch n ica l w o r k e r s , b y s e x _________ 8 A - 4. H ourly ea rn in g s o f m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m , and pow erp la n t w o r k e r s _______________________________ 10 A - 5. H ourly ea rn in g s o f m a t e r ia l m ov em en t and cu sto d ia l w o r k e r s __ 11 A - 6. A v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in gs o f m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m , p o w e rplant, m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t, and cu stod ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x __________13 A - 7 . P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s in a v era g e h ou rly e a rn in g s , adjusted fo r em p loym en t sh ifts, fo r s e le c te d occu p a tio n a l g r o u p s __________________14 A pp en d ix A . A p p en d ix B . S cop e and m eth od o f s u r v e y _________ 15 O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s ___________ 18 Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 75 in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c ts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d b e n e f it s . (S ee l is t o f a r e a s on in s id e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s da ta ( A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a r e c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly . I n fo r m a t io n on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fit s ( B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) is o b ta in e d e v e r y t h ir d y e a r . T h is r e p o r t h as n o B - s e r i e s t a b le s . A - s e r i e s ta b le s T a b le s A - 1 th ro u g h A - 6 p r o v id e e s t im a t e s o f s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t io n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r ie s . F o r th e 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , t a b le s A -8 th ro u g h A - 13 p r o v id e s i m i l a r data f o r e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b le A - 7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a re p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s and f o r m a n u f a c tu r in g and n on m a n u fa ctu rin g s e p a r a t e ly . D ata a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d f o r s k ille d m a in te n a n c e w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g b e c a u s e th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in th is o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g is t o o s m a ll to w a r r a n t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n . T h is t a b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e t r e n d s a ft e r e lin im a t io n o f ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s c a u s e d b y e m p l o y m e n t s h ifts a m on g e s t a b lis h m e n t s as w e ll as t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r fu r t h e r d e t a i l s , s e e a p p e n d ix A. E a c h y e a r a ft e r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m p le t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle t in s a r e is s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r in g s t o g e t h e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a tio n a l and r e g io n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a d a ta , f o r a ll S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in th e U n ited S t a te s , e x c lu d in g A la s k a and H a w a ii. A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is th e n e e d t o d e s c r i b e th e l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e t s , th r o u g h th e a n a ly s is o f ( 1) th e l e v e l and d is t r ib u t io n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n , and (2) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y and s k ill l e v e l . T h e p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo r m a t io n th a t m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , in c lu d in g w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is t r a t io n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m in in g p la n t lo c a t io n . S u r v e y r e s u lt s a ls o a r e u s e d b y th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g d d e t e r m in a t io n s u n d e r th e S e r v i c e C o n tr a c t A c t o f 1965. A p p e n d ix e s A p p e n d ix A d e s c r i b e s th e m e t h o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m and p r o v id e s in fo r m a t io n on the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . A p p en d ix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y o c c u p a t io n . 2 u sed by B u rea u fie ld e c o n o A. E a rn in g s Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t-t im e w e e k ly ea rn in gs of— Oc cu pa ti on an d industry division Number of worker* Average weekly hour*1 [standard) Mean2 Middle range 2 120 130 140 153 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 f t 420 120 130 140 150 160 17 0 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 420 over 15 23 12 8 36 24 12 “ 35 12 23 57 29 28 “ 68 49 19 108 70 38 “ 85 68 17 3 22 3 204 161 184 62 20 6 11 205 189 16 6 223 180 43 41 1 86 156 30 26 116 105 11 10 47 32 15 15 17 15 2 2 9 9 - 10 7 3 i 4 4 - * % 100 Median2 < 113 3 3 t * % % * s * t S t * S S S S % and under 110 and »LL W O R K E R S 40.0 40 .0 39 .5 43 .0 $ 238.53 2 4 5. 00 21 5 . 5 0 27 6 . 5 0 $ $ $ 23 8. 00 1 9 8 . 5 0 - 2 7 7 . 5 0 24 5. 00 2 0 7 . 5 0 - 2 8 0 . OG 20 2. 50 1 7 0 . 0 0 - 2 6 3 . 0 0 27 6. 00 2 6 3 . 0 0 - 2 9 5 . 5 0 S E C R E T A R I E S --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------- 1.671 1.306 365 121 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S A -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 175 153 43 .0 29 9 . 0 0 30 8. 00 43 .0 30 1. 50 309.00 280.50-319.50 290.00-319.00 - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 12 11 15 11 12 11 22 20 72 69 26 21 9 8 i i i i 1 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------- 349 274 75 43 .0 25 8 . 0 0 25 7. 00 43 .0 26 8 . 0 0 26 6. 00 39. 5 22 1 . 0 0 20 1.00 225.00-290.50 238.50-293.53 185.00-247.00 “ “ “ - ~ “ “ 10 10 4 4 16 2 14 6 4 2 41 21 20 52 47 5 52 46 6 48 46 2 63 61 2 31 30 i 17 to 7 “ “ 6 4 2 3 3 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S C -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 726 575 151 60 40 .0 40 .0 39 .5 40 .0 22 8.00 23 0. 00 20 3. 50 28 2. 50 197.00-264.00 201.50-259.50 175.00-276.00 273.50-295.50 - - - i i ~ 13 9 4 18 3 15 30 20 10 ” 35 23 12 51 41 10 55 42 13 3 119 92 27 3 101 92 9 6 110 110 “ 108 91 17 17 54 28 26 24 12 6 6 6 i 1 ~ 7 6 1 1 8 8 ~ 3 3 - - S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S 0 -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N 6 ---------- 339 224 115 39. 5 19 5. 50 19 3. 50 40. 0 19 6 . 5 3 19 5. 53 39. 0 19 4 . 5 0 19 3. 00 165.00-224.00 172.00-219.50 141.50-252.50 3 3 15 15 19 12 7 23 15 8 17 9 8 17 9 8 29 26 3 38 27 11 24 22 2 60 48 12 3ft 33 5 23 17 6 26 3 23 3 3 - i i 3 3 - - “ - S T E N O G R A P H E R S -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 5 B1 A 33 148 56 39.5 40. 0 38. 5 40 .0 20 2. 03 23 4. 00 19 0. 50 24 5. 50 170.03-246.50 173.50-247.50 169.00-245.50 224.50-251.50 8 4 4 " 6 6 25 17 8 ~ 17 15 2 “ 76 53 23 ~ 56 32 24 4 42 35 7 1 41 37 4 3 66 58 8 5 67 47 20 13 79 46 33 27 71 68 3 3 13 7 6 - 2 2 - _ - - - ” 12 6 6 “ - - S T E N O G R A P H E R S . G E N E R A L ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------- 233 1 49 84 40 .0 17 6 . 5 3 16 9. 50 40. 0 17 3 . 0 0 16 5. 53 39.5 18 3. 00 1 7 0. 00 160.00-193.50 157.50-185.50 160.00-221.03 “ 12 6 6 4 4 “ 2 2 ” 23 15 8 16 14 2 60 43 17 39 21 18 10 9 i 14 10 4 19 13 6 17 3 14 14 6 8 3 3 - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - S T E N O G R A P H E R S . S E N I O R ----N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------- 348 64 39. 5 2 2 6 . 5 0 2 3 0. 50 3B.0 22 2 . 5 0 2 4 9. 50 195.50-257.50 185.50-251.50 - - 4 4 4 2 1 16 6 17 6 32 6 27 47 2 50 6 65 25 68 3 13 6 2 _ - - - - T R A N S C R I B I N G — MACHINE TYPISTS M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 50 34 40. 0 19 3 . 0 0 180. 53 1 6 2 . 5 0 - 2 2 0 . 5 0 40. 0 1 9 2 . 5 0 18 0. 00 1 6 2 . 0 0 - 2 2 8 . 5 0 “ “ 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 6 4 9 4 - 6 3 4 4 3 3 6 3 _ - - “ “ - T Y P I S T S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 44D 220 220 86 39. 5 40. 0 39 .0 40 .0 133.50-196.50 144.00-197.00 124,50-196.00 183.50-251.50 2 2 * 33 2 31 “ 58 18 40 51 29 22 ~ 44 18 26 “ 31 22 9 4 43 29 14 12 20 18 2 1 28 16 12 9 32 21 11 9 22 15 7 7 1R 17 1 1 40 7 33 33 8 8 - 6 ~ 6 6 4 4 4 - - - - ~ “ ~ ” 10 9 25 13 12 9 27 16 11 9 18 11 7 7 7 7 “ 28 5 23 23 7 7 - - “ - - - - ~ - “ “ 10 9 i 3 3 5 5 ~ 4 4 - ii 10 i l 12 2 10 10 i i - 6 6 6 4 4 4 - - - - - - - * " 10 6 4 4 26 14 1? 12 6 6 - 11 4 7 7 i i - i _ - - 23 0 . 0 0 233.00 220.00 274.00 20 6 . 5 3 208.50 203.00 23 2 . 5 0 1 7 0. 50 174.00 167.50 222.50 16 0. 03 16 5. 00 145.00 23 8 . 5 0 _ T Y P I S T S . C L A S S A ----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- IBB 110 78 61 40 .0 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 19 1 . 5 0 18 6 . 5 0 19 9. 03 20 9 . 5 0 18 6. 00 18 3. 50 19 0. 50 19 7. 00 161.00-212.50 160.50-202.50 165.50-251.50 183.00-251.50 - T Y P I S T S . C L A S S B ----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 252 110 142 25 39. 5 40. 0 39. 0 40 .0 1 5 5. 00 162.00 15 3 . 0 0 25 3. 50 13 8. 00 1 2 3 . 5 0 - 1 6 4 . 5 0 15 3. 03 1 3 3 . 5 0 - 1 7 7 . 5 0 12 9. 00 1 2 0 . 0 0 - 1 4 5 . 0 0 2 4 5. 50 2 4 5 . 5 0 - 2 9 4 . 0 0 2 2 F I L E C L E R K S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 215 74 141 27 39. 5 40 .0 39. 0 40. 0 15 9 . 0 0 14 0. 00 18 2 . 5 0 18 5. 00 14 6 . 5 0 134.00 22 6 . 0 0 20 3. 00 123.00-191.50 162.00-215.00 120.00-140.50 203.00-245.50 15 “ “ 13 8 2 ~ 10 5 5 “ 14 11 3 ~ 33 16 14 12 56 16 40 “ 41 21 20 ~ 34 13 21 ~ 17 11 6 4 13 13 ~ 33 2 31 ~ 13 2 11 33 6 24 29 3 26 30 4 26 21 2l 7 2 5 8 8 - “ 2 2 See footnotes at end of tables. 3 i i 9 8 1 _ 10 10 - ~ - - * 3 3 3 ~ - i i _ - - - - Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978— Continued N um ber of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly earnings of— 100 weekly Occupation an d industry division worker* hours1 (standard) S * Average ” Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 and under no * s * no 120 - - 120 130 130 s % % 150 160 % s % s % s % « % * * % < " 170 180 190 200 220 2*0 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 420 - 140 - - - - - - - - - - - - and 2*0 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 420 over 1 40 150 1 60 170 180 190 200 220 - 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 6 4 1 - - - - - - - 7 4 7 - _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ - 1 1 _ - 7 7 17 12 _ - - _ _ “ - “ - " 3 3 2 1 3 - _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1 1 _ - - - - 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - - - _ _ _ - - - _ - 2 1 i “ _ - ALL W O R K E R S — CONTINUED FI L E C L E R K S - C O N T I N U E D FILE C L E R K S . C L A S S A --------------- 26 $ $ $ $ * 0 . 0 2 0 5 . 0 0 20 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 . 5 0 - 2 3 4 . 5 0 - 103 65 39. 5 1 5 9 . 5 0 1* 0 . 0 0 39. 0 1 5 1 . 5 0 13 9. 00 133.50-185.00 130.00-140.50 - 12 6 10 10 18 18 18 18 3 1 6 - 7 - 7 FILE C L E R K S . C L A S S C --------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 86 72 39. 5 1 4 4 . 0 0 1 2 3. 00 39. 5 1 4 1 . 5 0 1 2 3. 00 114.00-149.50 114.00-141.50 13 11 18 18 19 16 12 8 2 2 2 2 - _ _ _ - - - M E S S E N G E R S -----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 102 81 *0.0 *0 . 0 1 4 5 . 5 0 13 8. 00 1 4 1 . 5 0 13 8. 00 123.00-156.00 123.00-153.00 8 6 35 26 10 10 17 17 10 10 4 4 9 4 1 1 3 2 _ S U I T C H B O A R O O P E R A T O R S ---------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 70 50 39. 0 1 7 3 . 0 0 16 6. 00 39. 0 1 5 9 . 5 0 1* 5 . 0 0 126.00-220.00 120.00-183.00 7 7 10 6 5 5 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 1 5 4 9 7 1 “ 1 - 7 3 6 4 3 - 1 SWITCHBOARD OP ER AT OR-RECEPTIONISTSM A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -----------------PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 199 82 117 25 *0. 0 49. 0 40. 0 *0.0 15 *. 00 1 5 9. 00 1* 6 . 0 0 15 5 . 0 0 136.00-180.00 143.00-180.00 121.00-184.00 155.00-203.00 - 27 10 17 “ 19 1 18 3 22 2 20 23 19 4 “ 35 10 25 12 15 13 2 5 4 i 21 16 5 6 2 4 19 2 17 6 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - - - - - 4 4 4 ORDER C L E R K S --------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 2 36 137 99 *0. 0 1 9 4 . 5 0 18 3. 00 39. 5 1 8 7 . 5 0 1 7 3. 50 *0. 0 2 0 5 . 0 0 21 8. 50 149.50-243.50 149.00-208.50 158.50-25*.00 - 3 2 1 23 17 6 22 10 12 14 9 5 27 21 6 13 8 5 10 4 6 17 11 6 24 19 5 13 2 71 n 26 14 12 3 24 7 7 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 1 1 OR DE R C L ER KS . CL AS S A ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 100 37 39 . 5 2 2 4 . 5 0 23 0 . 0 0 39. 0 1 9 9 . 5 0 20 3. 50 184.00-260.00 153.00-205.00 - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 - 13 7 - ii - 12 - 24 - 4 4 1 i i i _ - 19 14 OR DE R C L ER KS . CL A S S B ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 136 100 * 0 . 0 1 7 3 . 0 0 1 5 5. 50 *0. 0 1 8 2 . 5 0 16 1. 00 138.00-190.50 140.00-221.50 - 3 2 21 15 20 8 12 7 23 17 8 8 13 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 2 2 14 14 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -----------------PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 1.025 599 A 81 156 *0.0 40 . 0 *0.0 *0. 0 158.50-254.00 180.00-265.00 143.50-217.00 212.50-263.00 - 23 2 21 36 36 44 15 29 - 106 23 83 56 31 25 3 53 22 31 57 38 19 - 59 28 31 6 52 43 12 - 135 60 75 42 89 56 33 23 115 70 45 42 103 83 20 20 62 53 9 9 22 11 11 11 7 7 - 1 1 “ 3 3 “ A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 551 347 20* *0. 0 2 3 0 . 5 0 23 *. 00 1 9 6 . 0 0 - 2 6 7 . 5 0 * 0 . 0 2 4 3 . 0 0 2*8. 30 2 1 1 . 0 0 - 2 7 5 . 5 0 39. 5 2 0 9 . 0 0 20 5. 50 1 7 9 . 0 0 - 2 5 4 . 0 0 - - 5 5 9 4 5 25 3 22 17 11 6 14 6 8 21 13 11 3* 14 20 27 19 8 75 37 38 66 48 18 95 53 42 79 67 12 56 53 3 16 11 5 6 6 - 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 1 1 . - A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S B ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -----------------PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 474 197 277 74 43. 9 *0.0 *0. 0 *0.0 1 6 5. 00 18 0. 00 15 0. 00 21 2. 50 142.00-212.50 157.50-206.00 136.00-212.50 212.50-263.00 23 2 21 ~ 31 35 n 24 8l 20 61 39 20 19 3 39 16 23 36 28 8 25 14 11 - 25 21 4 - 60 23 37 36 23 8 15 1* 23 17 3 1 24 16 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 i - - - - - - - - - - - * - P A YR OL L C L E R K S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 199 120 79 *0 . 0 2 2 5 . 5 0 23 6 . 0 0 *0 . 0 2 1 3 . 0 0 20 6. 50 40. 0 2 4 5 . 0 0 25 4. 00 181.50-273.50 176.00-251.00 234.00-276.00 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 6 6 10 10 - 11 10 1 26 24 2 15 8 7 35 18 17 45 13 32 7 3 7 6 1 2 _ _ _ _ - - - ~ 21 11 10 3 3 1 4 4 ~ 2 - - - - KE Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 630 309 321 *0. 0 2 0 3 . 0 0 19 8. 00 40. 0 2 1 1 . 0 0 20 4. 00 * 0 . 0 1 9 5 . 5 0 16 6.00 160.00-245.00 184.50-236.50 156.50-254.00 - 10 19 63 16 47 40 17 23 87 15 72 31 23 8 31 28 3 39 24 15 96 75 21 4R 57 23 3* 86 28 58 9 6 3 6 6 i i - - FILE C L E R K S . C L A S S B -------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 158.50 161.00 156.50 186.53 206.00 223.50 186.00 2*2.00 177.50 189.50 169.50 23*.50 2 0 5. 00 22 5 . 0 0 1 7 9. 00 25 4. 00 ~ - - - - 31 “ 4 6 .. See footnotes at end of tables. 4 19 4 4 - 36 12 4 7 7 - - - _ - “ - - _ - _ - Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978— Continued Weekly earnings* (standard) N U. of woxkers Average weekly N u m b e r of w o rk er s receiving straight-time w e e k l y earnings of— 1 s 1 * * % * % s * (standard) Mean 2 110 120 130 iao 150 16 0 170 180 190 110 Occupation and industry division 120 130 1 AO 150 163 17 0 180 190 200 “ ~ ~ ~ 2 3 2 1 5 4 i 13 9 * 11 8 3 16 15 1 28 15 13 - - 10 4 6 17 60 1A A6 35 13 22 7A 6 68 20 15 5 15 13 2 11 9 2 100 Median2 Middle range 2 « i 200 220 S % % i * < i * * 2A0 260 280 300 32 0 3A0 360 380 *20 220 2A0 260 280 300 320 3 A0 360 380 420 over 72 69 3 44 32 12 17 17 ~ 85 27 58 6 6 ” 6 6 * 1 1 ~ ~ 2A 6 18 * 4 A0 6 3A i i i i 3 3 - - and under ALL W O R K E R S — CONTINUED KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S - C O N T I N U E D KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 313 215 98 $ AD. 0 23 0. 00 AO. 0 22 3. 50 *9 .0 2 A A . 0 0 $ 22 A. 50 215.50 27 6. 00 $ $ 200.00-272.50 2 0 0 . 5 0 - 2 A 5.00 201.50-276.00 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 317 9* 223 *3 .0 17 6. 50 160.00 *3. 0 1B 2 . 5 0 176.00 *0. 0 17 A . 00 160.00 1*7.00-196.03 152.00-196.00 1AA.50~19A.00 2 See footnotes at end of tables. 5 17 - 4 - 2 - 2 - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 (standard) N Occupation and industry division U. workers Average weekly hours1 Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving straight-time we ek ly earnings of— 4 % « * 4 * 1 s 4 4 4 s * 4 4 4 4 * s 4 190 170 200 220 2*0 260 160 280 300 320 3*0 180 360 380 *00 *23 440 460 500 5*0 Under and 4 under 160 3*3 36 0 380 200 190 220 2*0 260 280 *20 4*3 300 320 400 *60 580 500 5*0 170 180 ALL W O R K E R S COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (BUSIN ES S) -------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 200 $ $ *0. 0 * 1 2 . 5 0 *1 4. 00 *0 . 0 * 1 6 . 5 0 *1 7. 50 $ $ 367.00-456.00 372.00-462.00 COMPUTER SY ST EM S ANALYSTS (B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S A -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 96 92 *0. 0 * 5 1 . 0 0 *5 2 . 0 0 43. 0 * 5 2 . 5 0 *5 4. 00 *18.00-476.50 »2*.00-*76.50 COMPUTER SYST EM S ANALYSTS (B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 105 94 *0.0 *0 . 0 3 9 1 . 5 0 39 2.50 3 9 0 . 5 0 39 2.00 352.50-424.50 352.00-*20.50 _ 956 *0. 0 3 3 2 . 0 0 32 8. 00 *0 . 0 3* 3 . 0 0 3* 2. 50 3 9 . 5 29 3 . 0 0 28 5 . 0 0 283.00-377.50 294.50-385.50 265.00-328.00 2 2 - 357 99 1 1 " " ' 159 121 38 *0 . 0 38 7 . 5 0 38 6. 00 *0. 0 * 0 7 . 0 0 *0 4. 50 *0 . 0 3 2 * . 5 0 32 0. 00 35*.50-426.00 379.00-432.00 298.50-359.00 _ _ _ COMPUTER PR OGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) — M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) CL A S S A ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- 225 - - - _ ' - _ 283.00-3*5.50 299.00-351.50 259.00-285.00 COMPUTER PR OGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) CL A S S C ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 70 59 * 0 . 0 26 1 . 5 0 26 5 . 5 0 *0 . 0 2 6 * . 0 0 26 6. 00 2*8.50-283.00 2*8.50-282.50 2 2 _ C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- 287 194 93 *0. 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 27 0. 00 • 0. 0 2 6 7 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 5 0 * 0 . 0 2 * 5 . 5 0 26 0. 00 216.00-297.50 218.50-30*.00 212.00-276.00 13 2 *11 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S . CL A S S A --M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- 109 65 39 * 0 . 0 2 8 8 . 0 0 2 7 7. 50 * 0 . 0 2 9 8 . 5 0 31 2. 00 * 0 . 0 2 7 1 . 0 0 27 6 . 0 0 262.50-322.50 262.50-335.00 263.50-276.00 ~ C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S . CL A S S B --M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- 1*9 106 *3 *0. 0 2 5 0 . 0 0 25 4 . 0 0 * 0 . 0 25 8 . 5 0 26 1 . 0 0 * 0 . 0 2 2 8 . 0 0 2 3 2. 00 208.00-288.00 216.50-297.00 1 8 4« 50” 2 7 6 • 0 0 43 . 0 2 1 8 . 0 0 2 2 1. 00 D 11 12 R 18 1* 18 16 22 16 29 2S 31 29 20 16 31 30 13 13 10 10 _ _ 3 3 7 4 13 13 16 16 14 i* 25 2* 11 11 5 5 _ - _ _ _ 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 _ _ 6 6 7 7 16 13 13 13 12 12 16 15 15 13 6 2 3 3 *3 38 5 46 3* 12 50 *2 8 48 •2 6 39 34 5 2* 2* ~ 23 20 _ 10 10 ~ 11 11 7 7 2 22 22 ~ 23 20 ~ 11 11 ~ - 5 27 23 4 3 3 5 2* 18 6 10 10 8 15 10 5 33 33 _ “ _ _ - ~ _ ~ _ 4 4 1* 7 7 27 20 7 55 3* 21 57 3* 23 _ - _ 5 8 " _ 5 4 5 ~ _ ~ i i ii 4 7 12 6 6 25 12 13 36 2* 12 1 1 3 ~ 3 3 15 14 25 22 13 10 10 9 i 35 23 12 26 17 9 31 21 10 57 20 37 12 11 1 2 2 “ 1 1 i i 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - 30 2* 6 31 30 1 18 14 a 11 11 - 2 2 " _ - 3 3 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - 7 - “ - 8 8 5 1 4 2 i 1 9 * 5 29 7 22 6 4 2 15 1* 1 17 13 4 9 9 - 12 2 10 - 2 2 “ 6 4 2 i i 26 21 5 16 12 4 1* 12 2 27 12 15 2* 20 4 16 16 1 1 - 178.00-2*7.00 1 2 7 i i 4 8 8 1 - - 3 3 22 17 i« i* 2l 2l 59 58 57 51 101 85 97 35 102 79 67 53 - - 1 1 6 32 8 2 2 - 2 2 9 9 36 36 ** 2* 6* *9 *0.0 283.50 27*.00 40 . 0 2 8 3 . 5 0 27 6 . 0 0 239.50-320.00 226.00-320.00 12 12 81 *0 . 0 2 8 5 . 0 0 26 7 . 0 0 267.00-326.00 - - 5 D R AF TE RS . C L A S S A ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 326 262 *0. 0 32 2 . 5 0 3 0 2. 00 * 0 . 0 3 2 6 . 0 0 3 0 3. 00 27*.00-352.00 274.00-354.00 - - - 2 at $ 140 to $ 150; and 9 at $ 150 to $ 160. See footnotes at end of tables. 6 " 23 23 ~ 9 9 “ 7*3 582 ~ 34 31 3 2 2 “ 5 ~ 38 31 7 1 2 ~ 3 3 “ _ - 1 1 O R A F T E R S -----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------nonmanufacturing: PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------- _ " * 0 . 0 31 5 . 0 0 31 7.00 *0 . 0 32 5 . 0 0 32 6. 00 39. 5 2 7 9 . 0 0 26 9 . 5 0 * W orkers were distributed as follows: ~ 9 227 177 50 34 “ “ _ - CL AS S C --- “ 2 COMPUTER PR OGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) CL A S S B ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- COMPUTER OPERATORS. ~ 2 2 8 7 9 " - ~ 1 1 - 1 1 - - 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - - - 2 2 “ i 1 - _ - 1 1 - _ - 1 1 - 1 1 - - i - - - - - - - - 72 27 18 15 15 8 8 5 52 27 22 5 2 2 1* 14 12 12 6 6 4 15 - 9 - - - - - - - *2 32 35 30 23 18 25 16 10 10 2 2 - 1* 1* 12 12 6 6 - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978— Continued Weekly earnings1 (standard) N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t-t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f— Average weekly hour.1 (standard) Mean2 Occupa ti on an d industry division 170 ISO 190 200 22 0 24 0 26 0 280 30 0 320 340 36 0 380 400 420 440 460 50 0 540 18 0 19Q 200 223 240 260 28 0 300 32 0 340 36 0 380 400 420 44 0 460 500 540 580 46 46 160 21 46 45 and under 170 ALL W O R K E R S — CONTINUED ORAFTERS - CONTINUED D R A F T E R S . C L A S S B ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS. CLASS TECHNICIANS. CLASS . 2 3 1. 50 2 0 6. 00 2 0 0 . 0 0 - 253.00 174.00- 2 3 1 . 5 0 287. 206. 2 9 5. 00 30 0. 00 259.00- 3 3 3 . 0 0 259.50- 3 3 3 . 0 0 31 0. 50 31 0. 50 294. 296. 29 4. 00 276.00- 3 1 9 . 5 0 29 5. 00 277.50- 3 1 9 . 5 0 202 137 1 01 W orkers were distributed as follow s: 26 *10 10 20 25 21 11 1 1 14 14 17 24 24 259.00- 3 3 3 . 0 0 259.00- 3 3 3 . 0 0 215.00-269.00 12 11 4 at $ 120 to $ 130; and 6 at $130 to $140. See footnotes at end of tables. 21 295.00-342.50 C- R E G I S T E R E D I N D U S T R I A L N U R S E S ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- * 2 6 7. 00 219.50- 3 0 9 . 0 0 2 4 8. 00 215.00- 3 0 2 . 5 0 A- E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N S . C L A S S BM A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------ELECTRONICS 268. 264. 297. 297. D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- | $ 225. 297 246 7 14 14 Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 Se x , 1 occupation, an d industry division OF F I C E OCCUPATIONS Weekly Weekly hour* earnings1 (standard) (standard) HEN *0. 0 *0. 0 1 * 2 . 0 0 40. 0 2 * 8 . 5 0 OR D E R C L E R K S ---------------OROER CLERKSe CL A S S Sex, 5 occupation, and industry division Weekly Weekly hour*1 earnings1 (standard) (standard) 40 . 0 2 4 3 . 5 0 A — A C C O U N T I N G C L E R I C S --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- 40 . 0 2 5 1 . 5 0 *0. 0 2 4 7 . 0 0 A C C O U N T I N G C L ER KS . C L A S S M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- 40 . 0 2 6 5 . 5 0 40.0 262.00 S E C R E T A R I E S ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- *0.0 40. 0 39. 5 *0 . 0 238.50 245.00 215.50 276.50 S E C R E T A R I E S . CL A S S A -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- *0 . 0 2 9 Q . 00 *0. 0 3 0 1 . 5 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . CL A S S B ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- *0. 0 2 5 8 . 0 0 40 . 0 2 6 8 . 0 0 39. 5 2 2 1 . 0 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . CL A S S C -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- 40 . 0 43 . 0 39. 5 40 . 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S 0 -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- 22* 115 39. 5 1 9 5 . 5 0 *0. 0 1 9 6 . 5 0 39. 0 1 9 4 . 5 0 S T E N O G R A P H E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 552 *31 39 .5 *0 . 0 S T E N O G R A P H E R S . G E N E R A L --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --------- 223 40. 0 1 7 4 . 0 0 *0. 0 1 7 2 . 0 0 39. 5 1 7 7 . 5 0 1*7 75 204.50 208.50 TYPISTS. CLASS B M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUF ACTURINS KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -------------- 308 210 98 $ 43. 3 2 3 0 . 5 0 40.0 224.50 *0. 0 2 4 4 . 0 0 FI L E C L E R K S --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURINS 39 .5 15 3. 50 40 . 0 1 7 8 . 5 0 39.0 14 1 . 0 0 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L » S S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -------------- 316 94 222 *0. 0 1 7 6 . 5 0 40. 0 1 8 2 . 5 0 40. 0 1 7 4 . 0 0 202 184 40 . 0 4 1 9 . 5 0 40 . 0 4 2 2 . 0 0 CO MPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ! . C L A S S A ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 94 90 40. 0 4 5 1 . 5 0 40. 0 4 5 3 . 0 0 C O MP UT ER S Y ST EM S ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ! . C L A S S B ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 90 82 *0. 0 3 9 7 . 0 0 *0. 0 3 9 5 . 5 0 353 282 71 40. 0 3 4 2 . 5 0 40.0 353.50 39 . 5 3 0 0 . 0 0 C O MP UT ER PR OG RA MM ER S (BUSINESS!. C L A S S A ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 147 115 40. 0 3 9 1 . 5 0 40. 0 4 0 8 . 0 0 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R S (B U S I N E S S ! . C L A S S B ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- 171 1 34 37 40. 0 3 1 6 . 5 0 40.0 329.00 39.0 272.50 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R S ( B US IN ES S! . C L A S S C ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 35 33 40 . 0 2 6 3 . 0 0 *0.0 262.00 231 157 74 *0. 0 2 6 5 . 0 0 40.0 274.00 40.0 246.00 96 58 38 40. 0 2 9 1 . 5 0 40.0 305.00 40.0 271.50 109 83 26 40.0 252.50 40.0 264.00 40.0 215.50 FI LE C L E R K S . CL A S S B N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --- 39.5 15 2 . 5 0 39. 0 14 0 . 0 0 39.5 1 4 4. 00 39. 5 1* 1 . 5 0 32 NONMANUFACTURINS 40 .0 15 3 . 0 0 40. 0 14 1 . 5 0 67 50 M E S S E N G E R S -----MANUFACTURING 39. 0 17 0 . 5 0 39 . 0 15 9 . 5 0 199 82 117 25 OROER CLERKS. 15 8 . 5 0 16 1 . 0 0 15 6 . 5 0 18 6. 50 170 M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -PUBLIC UTILITIES *0 . 0 40 .0 40. 0 40. 0 39.5 39 .5 39.5 20 0 . 0 0 A OR O E R C L ER KS . CL AS S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------- 90 40. 0 1 6 4. 50 40. 0 17 2 . 5 0 960 *85 *75 152 A C C O U N T I N G CL ER KS . C M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----NONMANUFACTURINS — 40 .0 40 .0 *0. 0 40 .0 #98 M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -PUBLIC UTILITIES 40 . 0 22 6 . 5 0 43 .0 24 0. 00 39. 5 20 6 . 5 0 299 199 A C C O U N T I N G C L ER KS . C M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----NONMANUFACTURINS — PUBLIC UTILITIES COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ! ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- 17 4. 00 17 8. 50 11* CL AS S P R O F E S S I O N A L ANO T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - HEN 39. 5 2 2 5 . 0 0 S E N I O R ---- TRANSCRI 8I NS -M AC BI NE TYPISTS M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------T Y P I S T S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N S ---------T Y P I S T S . CL A S S A ----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 40. 0 1 9 2 . 5 0 40. 0 1 9 1 . 5 0 *05 220 185 16* 110 39. 5 1 6 5 . 0 0 40 . 0 1 7 4 . 0 0 39. 0 1 5 4 . 0 0 1 7 7. 50 19 0. 00 16 9 . 0 0 23 4 . 0 0 40. 0 1 8 5 . 0 0 43. 0 1 8 6 . 5 0 *62 186 275 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S . CL A S S M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --------- *0 .0 20 3 . 0 0 *0 .0 21 1 . 5 0 40 .0 19 5 . 5 0 CO MP UT ER OPERATORS. M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---NONMANUFACTURINS - 11* See footnotes at end of tables. 40 . 0 2 2 3 . 0 0 40. 0 21 0. 50 40. 0 24 2 . 5 0 624 30* 320 M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURINS 40. 40. 40. 40. 72 M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURINS 8 0 0 0 0 20 3 . 0 0 22 0 . 5 0 18 5 . 0 0 2 * 0. 50 M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUF ACTURINS 186 STENOGRAPHERS. Weekly earnings^ (standard) $ 39 .5 15 0 . 5 0 40. 0 1 6 2 . 0 0 38 .5 14 0 . 5 0 MANUFACTURING 230.00 233.00 220.00 274.00 Weekly houn KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S - C O N T I N U E D TYPISTS - CONTINUEO FI L E C L E R K S . CL A S S C N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --- O F F I C E O C C U P A T I O N S - WO M E N Sex, J occupation, a n d industry division OFFICE OC CUPATIONS W O ME N— CONTINUEO OF F I C E O C C U P A T I O N S WOME N— CONTINUEO -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- messengers verage lean*) Average (mean2) “ S5T M A N U F A C T U R I N G --N O N M A N U F A C T U R T NG Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Akron, Ohio, December 1978— Continued A vertat (mean*) Sex, * occupation, a n d industry division Number at woikers Weekly Weekhr hour* earnings1 (standard) (standard) P R O F E S S I O N A L ANO T E C H N I C A L O C CU PA TI ON S - HEN— CONT IN UE D CLASS C ------ 26 $ *0 .0 2 2 0 . 5 0 ELECTRONICS CONTINUED M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------D R A F T E R S . C L A S S A ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- > ---- 3X5 256 40. 0 3 2 5 . 0 0 *0 .0 32 8 . 0 0 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S B ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 247 231 *0 . 0 2 6 9 . 0 0 *0 .0 2 6 5 . 0 0 , c l a s s c ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 89 50 *0 .0 2 2 9 . 5 0 *0. 0 20 7 . 5 0 133 97 *0. 0 2 8 9 . 5 0 *0. 0 2 9 9 . 0 0 TECHNICIANS. drafters E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------technicians , class a- 52 *0 .0 CL A S S 8- Number of woikers Weekly Weekly hour* earnings1 (standard) (standard) P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN— CONTINUED 52 52 $ *0 . 0 2 9 7 . 0 0 *0.0 297.00 (BUSINESS) - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS). $ M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------TECHNICIANS. 103 75 28 *3. 0 26 0 . 0 3 43 .0 26 7 . 0 0 56 37 43. 0 23 8 . 5 0 43.0 23 6. 50 CL A S S B ------ *0 43. 0 2* 3 . 0 0 ---------------------- 27 *3.0 23 1. 50 *5 *3 43.0 2 9 *. 50 40.0 2 9 6. 00 *0 . 0 2 3 8 . 5 0 P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - WOMEN C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R S ( B U S I N E S S ) --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 35 26 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 29 *0 .0 31 3. 00 I N D U S T R I A L N U R S E S ------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- CL A S S C- 56 *3 CO MPUTER PR OGRAMMERS (BUSINESS). C L A S S C -----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- ELECTRONICS *0. 0 2 9 5 . 5 0 *0. 0 3 0 3 . 0 0 43. 0 2 7 5 . 0 0 COMPUTER OPERATORS. drafters: manufacturing REGISTERED 31 0 . 5 0 See footnotes at end of tables. Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS CONTINUED *0 . 0 2 8 6 . 0 0 electronics Weekly Weekly hoursf earnings1 (standard) (standard) TECHNICIANS - ELECTRONICS 673 555 Average (mean2) Average (mean*) P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L OCCUPATIONS - MEN — CONTINUED COHPUTER OPERATORS - CONTINUED COHPUTER OPERATORS. Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers 9 Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 Hourly earnings * Occupation an d industry division Number of workers Mean 2 Median2 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— i * 1 ---- T ---- i * % S * s s S 5. 6 0 5. 80 6.00 6.20 6. 90 6 .60 6.83 7.00 7.20 7.90 7. 60 7 .80 8. 03 Under Middle range 2 and S 5.60 under 5. 80 6. 00 6.20 6.40 6. 60 6 .80 7.03 7.20 7.90 r.60 7, 80 8 ,00 S S S 8. 20 8. 90 S 8. 60 8. 80 t ---- 1 ---- t ■*---9. 03 9. 20 9 . 6 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 0 8. 80 9. 00 9. 23 9 . 6 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 .9p over and 8. 20 8. 90 8. 60 AL L W O R K E R S M A I N T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 130 125 $ 7. 91 7.92 $ 8.25 8. 27 $ 7. 90 7.37- $ 8. 29 8. 29 6 6 M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S -----------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 512 485 8.2? 8. 23 8. 29 8. 29 7. 80- 8. 29 7. 80- 8. 29 4 4 M A I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 78 76 8. 1 8 8. 20 8.21 8.21 7. 5 3- 8. 42 7. 53- 8. 42 m a c h i n i s t s --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 319 319 7. 98 7. 98 8. 29 8. 29 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 804 7B3 8. 06 8. 07 8.27 8.27 maintenance " 6 6 - 12 12 8 8 4 2 3 2 6 6 10 8 63 63 6 6 18 18 10 10 20 20 2 2 5 5 92 91 13 2 2 31 31 19 19 215 215 2 2 _ 2 2 2 2 _ 25 23 - - 2 2 - - - - 3 3 16 16 - 92 92 5 5 20 20 11 11 - 4 9 5 5 - 29 29 16 16 10 4 36 36 5 5 19 19 53 53 39 29 5 5 37 37 38 32 6 3 19 12 2 _ - 6 6 10 4 6 6 6 - " - _ _ - - 4 4 _ _ - - - - - - 7. 1 3- 8. 29 7.13- 8. 29 _ _ _ _ - - " 7.9 3- 8. 29 7.4 3- 8. 29 20 20 - “ 2 2 _ _ _ - - - MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR V E H I C L E S ! --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 531 1A1 390 355 8. 98 7.93 9. 36 9. 49 9. 55 7. 93 9. 58 9. 58 8.2 57. 20 9.5 59. 55 - 9. 60 8. 48 9. 60 9. 63 4 4 M A I N T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- A30 930 8. 28 8. 2 8 8. 29 8. 29 8. 21 8.21- 8. 29 8. 29 - M A I N T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L w o r k e r s --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 107 107 8. 45 8. 45 8.29 8.29 8.2 8- 8. 29 8.28- 8. 29 _ M I L L W R I G H T S ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 86 86 9. 35 10 . 0 5 9. 35 10 . 0 5 8.4 8- 10. 06 8.48- 10. 06 _ M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R S --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 90 90 6. 58 6. 58 6.68 6.68 6.07- 6. 82 6.0 7- 6. 82 - MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS (TOOLROOM) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 193 193 8. 20 8. 20 8. 37 8.37 7.167.16- a. 37 8. 37 S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 121 121 8. 38 8. 38 8. 29 8. 29 8.218.21- 8. 29 8. 29 B O I L E R T E N D E R S ------------------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 53 51 7. 37 7. 41 7. 35 7. 35 6.336. 72 - 8. 15 8. 18 _ 6 6 4 4 - - 6 6 13 13 - - - * - - - - - * - - _ _ - _ _ - 5 5 - 6 6 12 12 12 12 5 5 - 8 8 - - - 8 8 _ - ” 8 8 6 4 10 4 4 - _ _ _ 20 20 8 8 - - - - - - 173 173 20 20 _ _ _ - - - * 33 24 360 360 69 65 - - - " “ " 36 36 19 22 22 - 7 7 - 6 _ - - - 6 6 44 44 19 19 235 235 50 50 _ _ _ - - - - “ 9 9 _ 74 74 3 3 _ _ _ - - * - - i _ i 13 10 _ “ _ - 4 4 - - * 18 18 - 4 4 - - i - - * - i - - 12 12 - _ i - _ 35 35 12 12 8 i 8 i - 4 4 8 8 i - - i ~ - - - - - 13 13 4 4 9 9 - - 8 8 - 55 92 ” - - ~ _ - 5 5 - See footnotes at end of tables. 12 12 i 4 4 - - - - - - - 6 6 - 72 72 - - 4 4 10 10 - - 23 23 _ 84 84 - 29 29 _ - - - ~ - 213 213 213 - 116 1 115 115 ' - ~ 91 91 _ - - 16 16 - - - - * “ 62 6? - - _ - - - - - “ " “ - 22 22 13 13 8 8 3 3 4 4 _ 65 65 - 10 10 73 73 9 9 - - - - - - - - " - 6 6 9 9 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 6 6 - - - ~ Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 Hourly earnings * Occupation and industry division of workers N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— f t % 3.20 3.40 f t s f t f t f t s f t f t f t 3.60 3. 80 4.00 4 . 2 0 4 .40 4. 80 5. 20 5. 60 6. 00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3. 80 4. 00 4.20 f t 4 f t 2.60 2. 80 3. 00 Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 5.20 5.60 21 21 - 7 7 - 70 70 - 7 7 - - 10 10 ~ 4 4 “ 2 2 _ - - _ - _ - 4. 4 0 4 .80 3.00 - - - 1 1 “ 3 3 ~ 3 3 - - - 10 10 - - - 1 “ 3 3 “ - - - - _ T R U C K O R I V E R S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R T N S ----------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------- 1. 3 8 5 535 B50 52 6 $ 8. 09 7. 04 8. 75 9. 34 $ 8.13 7.19 9.18 9.48 $ $ 7. 50 - 9.48 5.94- 7.81 8. 13 - 9.4 8 9. 18 - 9.48 TRUCKO RI VE RS * LIGHT TRUCK — M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- 39 30 5. 8 0 6. 23 6.45 6. 45 4. 75 - 7.14 5. 88 - 7.14 - TRUCKO RI VE RS . MEDIUM TRUCK M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------- 302 179 123 7. 41 7. 03 7. 96 7.93 6. 50 8.13 6. 50 - 8.13 5.70- 9.67 7. 93 - 8.13 ~ _ ~ ~ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ - _ ' ' " ' " ' . h e a v y TRUCK ( T RA IL ER ! -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------- truckdrivers T R U C K O R I V E R S . H E A V Y TR U C K (O T H E R T H A N T R A I L E R ! ------ 1 ---f t f t A f t f t f t f t 6.40 6 • 80 7. 20 7. 60 8. 00 8.40 8.80 9.20 9.60 and under 2.80 ALL W O R K E R S f t ~ 842 633 <188 8.68 9. 0 3 9. 35 9. 18 9.18 9. 48 7. 81 9.189.18- 9.48 9.48 9.4 8 ~ 6. 0 0 6.40 6.80 ” 1R 18 - 31 31 - - 7 18 18 “ 27 27 7 2 7 - ' 7. 20 7.80 8.00 8.40 8.80 9.20 9.60 over 322 6 316 316 49 49 ~ - ~ - * - *49 49 " " " ' 204 204 204 286 280 280 _ - 53 53 - 86 29 57 1 294 162 132 148 19 1 29 3 204 * 62 80 2 2 3 3 204 204 3 3 5 5 13 13 2 - - “ 9 9 “ 45 43 2 13 13 ~ 20 2 18 30 30 75 2 73 6 ” 7 “ 17 11 1 1 248 86 “ 56 56 ~ 3 3 3 ~ " 83 7. 33 7. 30 7. 30 - 7.66 - - - - - - - - - - 5 - - - 5 5 36 16 15 - - 1 - 76 44 32 6. 4 6 6. 7 3 6. 09 6.20 6. 38 5.50 5. 71 5. 93 4. 9 0 - 7.33 7.33 7.79 - - - - - 3 - - 3 - 5 ~ 3 6 6 ~ 1 1 “ i i 3 4 4 - “ 4 4 - “ 10 0 l 18 18 “ 12 12 “ 2 2 _ 7 1 6 R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------- 149 97 52 6. 30 6. 4 3 6. 06 6. 88 6. 88 6.90 5.006.344. 54 - 7.33 7.33 7.33 - - 2 * 2 “ - 11 9 2 2 2 7 7 8 8 9 9 “ 1 1 6 4 3 18 18 42 28 14 10 10 ~ - - - 1 30 26 4 - 7 ~ ” ~ S H I P P I N G AND R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- 127 106 5. 7 8 5. 84 5.70 5.70 4.894. 89 - 6.58 6.58 - - - ~ ~ - ~ ii 9 49 39 1 11 9 7 9 5 - 4 4 4 4 - - - ~ 36 36 “ W A R E H O U S E M E N -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- 246 108 138 5.91 6. 33 5. 5 9 5.49 6.35 5.25 5.25- 6.90 5.49- 8.26 4. 96 - 6.90 - 4 4 2 2 8 8 - 3 3 3 2 1 - 5 5 3 2 1 31 1 30 71 11 60 13 13 - 23 23 - 7 7 - 32 ~ 32 6 6 _ - 35 35 - - - “ O R D E R F I L L E R S ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------- 410 70 340 6. 28 6. 0 9 6. 3 2 6. 17 5. 83 7. 19 4. 96 - 7.34 5. 83 - 6.17 4. 96 - 7.36 - “ * ~ - - 2 - - - 42 34 8 16 14 _ - 28 28 171 13 158 - - * - - - - " 151 9 142 - 2 S H I P P I N G P A C K E R S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------- 170 130 40 5. 85 6. 04 5. 23 5. 38 5.84 4. 96 4.80- 7.26 4.80- 8.16 4. 91 - 5.22 - - 19 18 i 1 17 15 2 33 13 20 12 12 “ 13 11 “ 23 21 3 3 - _ - 9 i 8 _ - * - - 34 34 - - 7 - MATERIAL HANOLINS LABORERS — M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------- 1. 45 8 735 723 460 7.81 7. 06 8.56 9.41 8. 12 7.21 9. 43 9.43 6.996.517.599.4 3- 9.43 8.12 9.4 3 9.4 3 - - - 48 48 - 8 8 17 5 12 “ 26 26 - 154 154 “ 97 79 18 3 203 64 139 97 24 73 - 2 67 267 - - 16 16 - 457 " 50 44 6 ~ F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------ 1. 2 0 8 1.038 170 7. 24 7. 0 9 8. 19 7.55 7. 5 5 7.82 6.215.907. 24 - 8.26 8.26 9.43 - - 93 93 60 60 16 16 100 100 103 103 32 32 88 46 42 119 76 43 33 33 450 4 30 20 41 41 S H I P P I N 6 C L E R K S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----------- * - ~ - - - 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 4 - 6 6 “ - - - - 1 4 “ 5 5 “ 1 ” - - - W orkers w ere at $ 9 .6 0 to $ 1 0 . See footnotes at end of tables. - 1 11 - 1 5 7 7 - ~ - 45 7 45 7 71 6 65 - - 2 2 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1978— Continued Hourly earnings 4 Number of workers receiving straight-tim e hourly earnings of— 1 1 * * * * * * * 5 S 5 2. 60 2. 8 0 3.00 3.20 3. *0 3.60 3. 80 *.00 4.20 * . * 0 4. 80 5.20 5 .60 6. 00 Number Occupation and industry division workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 ( i i * * s s * % 6. * 0 6. 8 0 7. 2 D 7. 60 8. 00 8. 4 0 8 . 8 0 9. 2 0 9 . 6 0 and under and 2 . BO 3. 00 3.20 3. *0 3.60 3.80 *. 00 f t . 20 *.*0 4.80 5.20 5.60 6 ,00 6. *0 6 . 8 0 7. 2 0 7. 6 0 8. 00 f . 40 8 . 8 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 6 0 over _ t *LL W O R K E R S — CONTINUED P O W E R - T R U C K O P E R A T O R S ( O TH ER THAN F O R K L I F T » -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 151 12* $ 7.52 7. 55 $ 7.*5 7. *7 $ $ 7. 2 9 - 8.01 7. 8 5 - 8. 39 6U AR 0S AND W A T C H M E N -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N B ------------------ 703 291 *12 * . 67 7. 13 2. 94 3.25 7. 15 2.75 2. 75 7.052. 75 - 7.11 7. 29 2.90 : M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 273 7. 23 7. 2 5 7.05- 7. 2 9 J A NI TO RS . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R T N G -----------------PU BL IC U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 2* 2 6 8 1. 3 1 9 949 *7 5.12 6. 39 3. 3* 5. 80 5.46 6. 36 3. 20 5.1* 3. 35 6. 00 2. 7 5 5. 1 * - 6.5* 7. 05 3.35 5.81 10 10 - 102 5 10 8 102 5 ID 8 1 31* 31* 94 1 93 65 2 63 249 2*9 44 44 34 4 30 1 6 8 2l 6 8 66 7 59 33 18 15 16 15 1 21 14 10 * - - 3 2 1 3 3 3 2*3 2*3 See footnotes at end of tables. 12 60 58 3R 58 33 25 25 132 125 7 1 69 57 12 10 389 385 4 4 2 *1 38 3 -• 3 3 - - - _ - » - 36 - - - 4 - - - 2 2 8* 57 1* 1* 38 38 99 99 99 99 1 1 2 2 36 36 1 9T 99 1 2 181 15 5 26 3*2 3*2 38 38 - 1 1 1 79 79 - - - guards - - 1 1 2 4 4 Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Akron, Ohio, December 1978 Average (mean2 ) hourly earnings4 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Average (mean2 ) hourly earnings 4 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N — C O N T I N U E D M A I N T E N A N C E . T O OL RO OM . AND P O W E R P L A N T O C C U P A T I O N S - NEN maintenance c a r p e n t e r s --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 122 117 7. 8 8 7. 89 M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- A5A A27 8. 20 8. 21 M A I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 70 68 8. 1 6 8. 1 8 M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 298 298 7. 95 7. 9 5 UCKDRIVERS - CONTINUED T R U C K D R I V E R S . H E A V Y TR UC K (TRA IL ER ! -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------- MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR V E H I C L E S ' ! --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 513 123 390 356 9. 7. 9. 9. M A I N T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 366 366 8. 26 B. 26 M A I N T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L w o r k e r s --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 101 101 8. 4 6 8. 46 M I L L W R I G H T S ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 76 76 9. 46 9. A6 M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R S --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 88 88 6. 57 6. 57 MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS (TOOLROOM! M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 1 35 135 8. 11 8. 3 3 S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 108 10B 8. 37 8. 17 BO I L E R T E N D E R S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 50 48 7. 32 7. 36 02 96 36 49 T R U C K D R I V E R S . H E A V Y TR UC K (O THER T H A N T R A I L E R ! ---- $ 8. 73 9. 03 9. 35 7. 33 6. 56 6. 7 A S H I P P I N G C L E R K S ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUF ACTURINS 71 A2 R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S --M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUF ACTURINS 1A5 93 52 6. 28 6. AO 6. 06 S H I P P I N G AND R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- 12A 103 5. 77 5.83 6 . 28 5.93 6. A2 5. 5 9 W A R E H O U S E M E N -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURING 3AB 6A 28A 6. 08 5. 9 7 6 . 10 AA 6. A 7 7. 26 MATERIAL HANDLIN6 LABORERS M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S -------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----- 1.37A 651 723 A60 7. 83 7.01 8. 56 9. 91 FORKLIFT OPERATORS M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURINS 1. 10 5 935 170 7.19 7. 01 8. 19 621 387 A. 51 2. 95 OR DE R F I L L E R S ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NONMANUFACTURING SHIPPING PACKERS MANUFACTURING G U A R D S AND W A T C H M E N N O N M A N U F AC TU RI NS M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN BOA 630 ABB : MANUFACTURING guards T R U C K D R I V E R S --------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N S -----------------PU B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 1 144 494 850 526 8. 10 7. 00 8. 75 9. 3A T R U C K D R I V E R S . LI GH T TR UC K -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 17 2B 5. 87 6. 35 T R U C K D R I V E R S . M E DI UM TR U C K ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 299 176 123 7. AO 7. 01 7. 96 --- J A N I T O R S . PORT ER S, AND c l e a n e r s : MANUFACTURING - M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - WO ME N SH IPPING PACKERS See footnotes at end of tables. 13 7. 23 6. 28 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts, for selected occupational groups in Akron, Ohio, for selected periods Industry and occupational group 5 Decem ber 1972 Decem ber 1973 December 1974 December 1975 Decem ber 1976 to to to to to Decem ber 1973 December 1974 Decem ber 1975 December 1976 Decem ber 1977 D ecem ber 1977 to D ecem ber 1978 A ll industries: Office c le r ic a l_______ _____ __ ______’ „ __ ___ Electronic data processing. _______ __________ Industrial nurses______________________ __ ________ Skilled maintenance trades Unskilled plant workers 6.4 (6 ) 5.3 6.5 7.7 9.1 7.7 7.6 7.5 8.4 6.3 5.9 7.7 5.2 6.0 10.8 10.4 11.4 13.7 11.4 8.3 7.6 9.7 8.4 8.2 8.8 7.9 7.3 8.5 9.2 Manufacturing: Office c le r ic a l. ______________________ ____________ Electronic data processing__________________________ Industrial nurses Skilled maintenance trades__________________________ Unskilled plant workers 5.6 (6 ) 5.4 5.8 7.1 6.9 6.8 7.3 7.5 8.8 6.2 5.6 7.5 5.0 6.1 11.8 10.6 11.7 14.2 13.2 9.1 8.7 9.9 8.3 8.0 8.4 7.5 7.7 8.4 9.0 Nonmanufacturing: Office c le r ic a l. _________________________ __________ Electronic data processing__________________________ Industrial nurses________ __ ______________________ Unskilled plant workers 8.0 (6 ) (6 ) 8.2 13.5 ( 6) (6 ) 7.8 6.5 (6 ) (6 ) 6.0 9.0 (‘ ) (6 ) 8.8 7.0 (6 ) (6 ) 8.5 9.6 ( 6) (6 ) 9.3 Footnotes1 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e 3 Earnings data relate only to workers whose sex identification was p r o v i d e d by the salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond establishment. 4 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. to these weekly hours. _ 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all w orkers and dividing by 5 Estim ates for periods ending prior to 1976 relate to men only for skilled maintenance and the number of w orkers. The median designates position— half of the workers receive the same or unskilled plant workers. All other estimates relate to men and women. 6 Data do not meet publication criteria or data not available. m ore and half receive the sam e or less than, the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn the same or le ss than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn the sam e or m ore than the higher rate. 14 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey In e a c h o f th e 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t ly s u r v e y e d , th e B u re a u o b ta in s w a g e s and r e la t e d b e n e f it s d a ta f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s . G o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and th e c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s a r e e x c lu d e d . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h av in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d b e c a u s e o f in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d . A p p e n d ix ta b le 1 s h o w s th e n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s a nd w o r k e r s e s tim a te d to b e w ith in th e s c o p e o f th is s u r v e y , as w e ll a s th e n u m b e r a c tu a lly stu d ie d . O c c u p a t io n s and e a r n in g s O c c u p a t io n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , and a r e o f th e fo llo w in g t y p e s : ( 1) O f f ic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (3) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p la n t ; and (4) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d ia l. O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n if o r m se t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . O c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e lis t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d ix B . U n le s s o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d , th e e a r n in g s data fo llo w in g th e jo b t i t le s a r e f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d . E a r n in g s da ta f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s try d iv is io n s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s b e c a u s e e it h e r ( 1) e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e en ough data to m e r it p r e s e n t a t io n , o r ( 2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta . S e p a r a te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a r n in g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d w h en th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s n ot id e n tifie d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f th e m e n o r w o m e n id e n tifie d in an o c c u p a t io n . E a rn in g s data n ot sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s t r y d iv is io n s a r e in c lu d e d in data f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d . L ik e w is e , f o r o c c u p a t io n s w ith m o r e than on e l e v e l , da ta a r e in c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h en a s u b c la s s if ic a t io n is n ot sh ow n o r in fo r m a t io n to s u b c l a s s i f y is n ot a v a ila b le . B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s o b ta in data by p e r s o n a l v is it s at 3 - y e a r in t e r v a ls . In e a c h o f th e tw o in te r v e n in g y e a r s , in fo r m a t io n on e m p lo y m e n t and o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s o n ly is c o lle c t e d b y a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a il q u e s t io n n a ir e , and te le p h o n e in te r v ie w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n ts p a r t ic ip a t in g in th e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . A s a m p le o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y p r i o r to e a c h p e r s o n a l v is it s u r v e y . T h is s a m p le , l e s s e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h g o ou t o f b u s in e s s o r a r e no lo n g e r w ith in th e in d u s t r ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e t a in e d f o r the f o llo w in g tw o a n n u a l s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e s t a b lis h m e n t s n e w t o th e a r e a a r e not c o n s i d e r e d in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y u n t il th e s e l e c t i o n o f a s a m p le f o r a p e r s o n a l v is it s u r v e y . T h e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e t a ile d s t r a t ifi c a t io n o f a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y in d u s t r y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m th is s t r a t ifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ilit y s a m p le is s e l e c t e d , w ith e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t h a v in g a p r e d e t e r m in e d c h a n c e o f s e le c t io n . T o o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f l a r g e th a n s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s e le c t e d . W h en da ta a r e c o m b i n e d , e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d in g to it s p r o b a b ilit y o f s e l e c t i o n s o th at u n b ia s e d e s t im a t e s a r e g e n e r a te d . F o r e x a m p le , if o n e out o f f o u r e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , it is g iv e n a w eigh t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f p lu s t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a lt e r n a t e o f th e s a m e o r ig i n a l p r o b a b ilit y is c h o s e n in th e s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n if data a r e n ot a v a ila b le f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p le m e m b e r . If no s u it a b le s u b s titu te is a v a ila b le , a d d it io n a l w e ig h t is a s s i g n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to th e m i s s i n g u n it. 1 O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e sh ow n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le . E a rn in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n c e s and in c e n t iv e b o n u s e s a r e in c lu d e d . W e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s r e f e r to th e s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r) f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s ( e x c lu s iv e o f p a y f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s a r e r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r . V e r t i c a l lin e s w ith in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b l e s in d ic a t e a ch a n g e in th e s i z e o f th e c la s s in t e r v a ls . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a at a p a r t ic u la r t i m e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t im e m a y n ot r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s . T h e a v e r a g e s for in d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a ff e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w - w a g e fir m 's m a y ch a n g e , o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r jo b s and b e r e p la c e d b y n ew w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h ift s in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th ou gh m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a in c r e a s e w a g e s 1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; and Utica—Rome, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. 15 d u rin g th e y e a r . C h a n g e s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , sh ow n in ta b le A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r in d ic a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n a r e e a r n in g s c h a n g e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . E le c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g C o m p u te r s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C U n s k ille d p la n t R e g is t e r e d in d u s t r ia l n u rses A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s sh o u ld n ot b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n t r ib u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s in clu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b lis h e d r a te r a n g e s (o n ly th e r a t e s p a id in c u m b e n ts a r e c o lle c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u tie s w ith in th e g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p lo y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d th a n t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s and a llo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u tie s p e r f o r m e d . C a rp e n te rs E le c tr ic ia n s P a in t e r s M a c h in is t s M e c h a n ic s ( m a c h in e r y ) M e c h a n ic s ( m o t o r v e h ic le ) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and d ie m a k e r s In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s A v e r a g e e a r n in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t im a t e s . I n d u s t r ie s and e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s t a ffin g , and th u s c o n tr ib u te d if f e r e n t ly to th e e s t im a t e s f o r e a c h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e ly th e w a g e d if f e r e n t ia l a m o n g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . S k ille d m a in te n a n c e J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a t e r ia l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s P e r c e n t c h a n g e s f o r in d iv id u a l a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m a s f o llo w s : O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e stu d y and n ot th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r , e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s tu d ie d . T h ese d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e do n ot a ff e c t m a t e r ia lly th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . a r e c o m p u te d 1. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n f o r the 2 y e a r s b e in g c o m p a r e d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d f r o m e a r n in g s in t h o s e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h a r e in the s u r v e y b oth y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d that e m p lo y m e n t r e m a in s u n ch a n g e d . 2. E a ch o c c u p a t io n is a s s i g n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r tio n a t e e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p in th e base y ea r. 3. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e u s e d to c o m p u t e g r o u p a v e r a g e s . E a ch o c c u p a t io n 's a v e r a g e e a r n in g s (c o m p u t e d in s te p 1) is m u lt ip lie d b y its w e ig h t. T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a le d to ob ta in a g r o u p a v e r a g e . 4. T he r a tio o f g ro u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is co m p u te d b y d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e fo r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e for th e e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r e s u lt — e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e h t — l e s s 100 is th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e . W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m e n in e s t a b lis h m e n t s r e p o r t in g th e tr e n d jo b s in b o th th e c u r r e n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a t c h e d e s t a b lis h m e n t s ). T h e data a r e a d ju s te d to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t s on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p l o y m en t s h ift s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a ff e c t e d b y f a c t o r s o t h e r th an w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a ff e c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t io n w h en w o r k e r s a r e p a id u n d er p la n s p r o v id in g a ra n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s . In p e r io d s o f i n c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n e w e m p lo y e e s m a y e n te r at th e b o t t o m o f th e r a n g e , d e p r e s s in g th e a v e r a g e w ith ou t a ch a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e la t e to w a g e c h a n g e s b e tw e e n th e in d ic a t e d d a te s . W h en th e t i m e sp a n b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r th an 12 m o n th s , a nn ual r a te s a r e s h o w n . (It is a s s u m e d th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a c o n s ta n t r a te b e tw e e n s u r v e y s .) F o r a m o r e d e t a ile d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d to c o m p u t e t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e " I m p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M o n th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , J a n u a ry 1 9 7 3 , p p . 5 2 -5 7 . O c c u p a tio n s u s e d to c o m p u te w a g e t r e n d s a r e : O ffic e c le r ic a l O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — C o n tin u e d S e c r e t a r ie s S ten og ra p h ers, gen era l S t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r T y p is ts , c la s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M essengers S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s O rd er c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B A c c o u n t in g c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o ll c le r k s K e y e n tr y o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T a b u la tio n s on s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a nd s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th is b u lle t in . I n fo r m a t io n f o r th e s e ta b u la tio n s is c o l l e c t e d at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a ls . T h ese ta b u la tio n s on m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d i f f e r e n t ia ls ; s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s a nd d a y s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) in p r e v io u s b u lle tin s f o r t h is a r e a . 16 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Akron, Ohio,1 December 1978 Industry division 2 Minimum employment in establishments in scope of study Within scope of study 4 Within scope of study 3 Number Percent 139 126.037 100 79*788 50 “ 232 272 58 81 7 A .059 51 . 9 7 8 59 91 52.990 26.898 50 50 50 50 50 39 39 118 25 56 15 12 25 10 IP 11.153 3. 0 5 0 25.988 5. 0 0 3 6.789 9 2 21 4 5 8. 31 3 1. 2 0 5 11*203 3. 59 0 2.537 1 The Akron Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget through February 1974, consists of Portage and Summit Counties. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estim ates are not intended, however, for comparison with other employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. However, all government operations are excluded from the scope of the survey. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum lim itation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in industries such as trade. Studied Studied 504 AL L D I V I S I O N S ----------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------T R A N S P O R T A T I O N . C O M M U N I C A T I O N . AND O T H E R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 ----------------------W H O L E S A L E T R A D E 6 -------------------------------------------------------R E T A I L T R A D E 6 --------------------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E . I N S U R A N C E . AND RE AL E S T A T E 6 -------------S E R V I C E S 6 7----------------------------------------------------------------------- W orkers in establishments Number of establishments finance, auto repair serv ice , and motion picture theaters are considered as one e st abli s hment. 4 Includes all w orkers in all establishm ents with total employment (within the area) at or above the minim um limitation. 5 Abbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A -s e r ie s tables. Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation are excluded. Akron's local transit system is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study. 6 Separate presentation of data is not made for this division. 7 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal service s; business services; automobile repair, rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit m embership organizations (excluding religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural service s. 17 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f ie ld s t a ff in c la s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w ho a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t i t le s and d if f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s ta b lis h m e n t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m it s th e g r o u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b co n te n t. B eca u se o f th is e m p h a s is on in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t, th e B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d if f e r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m t h o s e in u s e in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u 's f ie ld e c o n o m is t s a r e in s t r u c t e d t o e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t ic e s ; and p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , a n d p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s . H a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n in g s a r e r e d u c e d b e c a u s e o f t h e ir h a n d ic a p a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , and t r a i n e e s , u n le s s s p e c i f i c a l l y in c lu d e d in th e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n , a r e e x c lu d e d . Office SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y— C on tin u e d A s s ig n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to on e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e r e la t io n s h ip to the d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e i v i n g a m in im u m o f d e t a ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l an d s e c r e t a r i a l d u tie s , u s u a lly in c lu d in g m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l a nd s e c r e t a r i a l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le n a t u r e and d iffic u lt y . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e r o u tin e and u n d e r s ta n d in g o f the o r g a n iz a t io n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x c l u s io n s a . R e c e i v e s t e le p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in c o m in g m a il , a n s w e r s r o u tin e in q u ir ie s , a n d t o u t e s t e c h n ic a l in q u ir ie s to the p r o p e r p erson s; b. c. in s t r u c t e d ; E s ta b lis h e s , m a in t a in s , and r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's f i l e s ; M a in ta in s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's c a le n d a r and m a k e s a p p o in tm e n ts a s N ot a ll p o s it io n s that a r e t it le d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p le s o f p o s it io n s w h ic h a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the d e fin it io n a r e as fo llo w s : a. d e s crib e d above; b. d. R e la y s m e s s a g e s fr o m s u p e r v i s o r to s u b o r d in a t e s ; e . R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r th e s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a t u r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g r a p h ic a ccu ra cy; f. P e r fo r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic and ty p in g w o r k . 18 s io n a l, P o s it io n s w h ich do not m eet the "p e r s o n a l" S t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e c . S te n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g a s o f f i c e te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; secreta ry d u t ie s ; a s s i s t a n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o f e s d . S e c r e t a r y p o s it io n s in w h ic h th e d u tie s a r e e it h e r s u b s t a n t ia lly m o r e ro u tin e o r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e c o m p l e x a nd r e s p o n s i b l e than t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in the d e fin itio n ; con S E C R E T A R Y — Continued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued E x c l u s i o n s — C o n tin u e d C la s s C e. A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p o s it io n s w h ich r e s p o n s i b l e t e c h n i c a l , a d m in is t r a t iv e , s u p e r v is o r y , d u tie s w h ic h a r e n o t t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . in v o lv e m o r e d if f ic u l t o r m o r e 1. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t iv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n o r s p e c ia liz e d c le r ic a l s ib ilit y is n ot e q u iv a le n t to o n e o f the s p e c i f i c le v e l s itu a tio n s in the d e fin itio n f o r c l a s s B , but w h o s e o r g a n iz a t io n a l u nit n o r m a lly n u m b e r s at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p lo y e e s and is u s u a lly d iv id e d in to o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n ts w h ich a re o ft e n , in tu rn , fu r t h e r s u b d iv id e d . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , th is le v e l in c lu d e s a N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in the l e v e l d e fin it io n s w id e ra n g e o f o r g a n iz a t io n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly on e o r tw o ; o r f o llo w in g , r e f e r s to t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w ho h ave a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e w id e p o li c y m a k in g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v it ie s . T h e t it le " v i c e 2. S e c r e t a r y to th e h ead o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e tc . (o r p r e s id e n t , " th ou gh n o r m a l l y in d ic a t iv e o f th is r o l e , d o e s n o t in a ll c a s e s o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 id e n t i fy su ch p o s i t i o n s . V ic e p r e s id e n t s w h o s e p r im a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s to person s. a c t p e r s o n a l l y on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t io n s ( e .g ., a p p r o v e o r d en y in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m in is t e r in d iv id u a l tr u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y C la s s D s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e n ot c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e s u p e r v is o r o r h e a d o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e f o llo w in g l e v e l d e f in it io n s . ( e . g . , f e w e r th an a b ou t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o r C la s s A 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2 . S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s t a f f s p e c ia lis t , p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is t r a t iv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s is t a n t , s k ille d t e c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e r t. (N O T E : M a n y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a th e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , to t h is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STEN OGRAPH ER 2 . S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than the c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r th an 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r * 1 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d , im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id i a r y o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la s s B P r i m a r y du ty is to ta k e d ic t a t io n u s in g s h o rth a n d , and to t r a n s c r ib e th e d ic t a t io n . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it te n c o p y . M a y o p e r a t e f r o m a s te n o g r a p h ic p o o l. M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r i b e f r o m v o i c e r e c o r d in g s ( if p r im a r y du ty is t r a n s c r ib in g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e T y p is t). N O T E : T h is jo b i s d is t in g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o r k s in a c o n fid e n t ia l r e la t io n s h ip w ith o n ly on e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t iv e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d i s c r e t io n a r y ta s k s as d e s c r i b e d in th e s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin itio n . 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th an 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2 . S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d , im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e it h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t i o n w i d e f u n c t io n a l a c t iv it y ( e . g . , m a r k e t in g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , in d u s t r ia l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) £ r a m a j o r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d iv is io n ) o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 b u t f e w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ; o r 4 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h ea d o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . (o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th a t e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 5 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f a la r g e and im p o r ta n t o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t o fte n in v o lv in g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l h u n d red p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . S ten ograp h er, G en era l keep D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l r o u tin e v o c a b u la r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . S t e n o g r a p h e r , S e n io r D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l d r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o set up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c . OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u tie s r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n t ly g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e a nd r e s p o n s i b i l i t y th an s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d by the fo llo w in g : W o rk r e q u ir e s a h igh d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a th o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s in e s s o p e r a t io n s , o r g a n iz a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f lo w , e t c . U s e s th is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m in g s te n o g r a p h ic d u tie s and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l t a s k s su ch a s m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , an d l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t io n s ; r e a d in g and ro u tin g in c o m in g m a il ; and a n s w e r in g r o u tin e q u e s t io n s , e t c . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T M ESSENGER P r i m a r y du ty is to ty p e c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d ic ta tio n w h ic h d o e s n ot in v o lv e v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s that u s e d in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it te n cop y. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e la t iv e ly ro u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . (S e e S t e n o g r a p h e r d e fin itio n f o r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w ith sh o rth a n d d ic ta tio n .) P e r f o r m s v a r io u s ro u tin e d u tie s s u c h a s ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t in g m in o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s su ch a s s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g and d is t r ib u t in g m a il , and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p o s it io n s th at r e q u ir e o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h ic le a s a s ig n ific a n t du ty. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m a k e ou t b ills a ft e r c a lc u la t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o th e r p e r s o n . M a y in c lu d e ty p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r ia ls f o r u s e in d u p lic a tin g p r o c esses. M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l t r a in in g , s u c h a s k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t in g and d is t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a il . C la s s A . P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l f o r m w h en it in v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a t i o n , p u n c tu a tio n , e t c . , o f t e c h n ic a l o r u n u su a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r ia l; o r p la n n in g la y o u t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a t e d s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n if o r m it y and b a la n c e in s p a c in g . M a y ty p e ro u tin e f o r m le t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to su it c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; C o p y ty p in g f r o m ro u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; o r ro u tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; o r s e ttin g u p s im p le s ta n d a rd t a b u la tio n s ; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . F IL E C L E R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in f i l e s . P o s it io n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e f in it io n s . C la s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s f i l e m a t e r ia l s u ch a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n ic a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b lis h e d f ilin g s y s t e m co n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je c t m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y a ls o f i l e th is m a t e r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith th e f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a ll g r o u p o f lo w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . C la s s B. S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c la s s if i e d m a t e r i a l b y s im p le ( s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y f in e r s u b h e a d in g s . P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la t e d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . A s req u ested , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t ifie d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . M ay p e r fo r m r e la t e d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . C la s s C . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that h a s a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s im p le s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a lp h a b e t ic a l, c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r ic a l) . As req u ested , l o c a t e s r e a d il y a v a ila b le m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l s ; and m a y f i l l out w ith d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u s e d w ith a p r iv a t e b r a n c h e x ch a n g e (P B X ) s y s t e m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , and in t r a s y s t e m c a lls . M a y p r o v id e in fo r m a tio n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m it m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e r a t in g a te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty p in g o r ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y th e m a j o r p o r t io n o f th e w o r k e r 's t i m e , and is u s u a lly p e r f o r m e d w h ile at th e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than o n e o p e r a t o r a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r w ho a ls o a c t s as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e S w itc h b o a r d O p e r a t o r - R e c e p t io n is t . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T At a an o p e r a t o r — w o r k in v o lv e s b u s in e s s and p r ia t e p e r s o n a r r a n g in g an s in g le -p o s it io n te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c t s b o th as s e e S w itch b o a rd O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t io n is t . R e c e p t io n is t 's s u ch d u tie s as g r e e t in g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m in in g n a tu r e o f v i s i t o r 's p r o v id in g a p p r o p r ia t e in fo r m a t io n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n iz a t io n o r c o n ta c t in g that p e r s o n b y t e le p h o n e and a p p o in tm e n t; k e e p in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w r itte n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s o m e co m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g d u t ie s : Q u otin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m in in g a v a i l a b ilit y o f o r d e r e d it e m s and s u g g e s tin g s u b s titu te s w h en n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c t e d d e li v e r y d a te and m e th o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r in fo r m a t io n on o r d e r s h e e t s ; c h e c k in g o r d e r s h e e t s f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f in fo r m a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a in in g c r e d it ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; fu r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; f o llo w in g - u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e li v e r e d b y th e s p e c i f i e d d a te o r to le t c u s t o m e r know o f a d e la y in d e li v e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k in g s h ip p in g in v o ic e a g a in s t o r ig in a l o r d e r . E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s is o r w h o s e d u tie s in c lu d e any o f th e f o llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a th e r th an f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u lt a t iv e a d v ic e u s in g k n o w le d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g in e e r in g o r e x t e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l t r a in in g ; e m p h a s iz in g s e llin g s k ills ; h a n d lin g m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e a s an in t e g r a l p a r t o f th e jo b . P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s : are c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls a c c o r d in g to th e f o llo w in g C la s s A . H an d les o r d e r s th at in v o lv e m a k in g ju d g m e n ts s u c h a s c h o o s in g w h ich s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r ia l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's p r o d u c t lin e s w ill s a t is f y th e c u s t o m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e t e r m in in g th e p r i c e to be q u o te d w hen p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e th a n m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l is t o r m a k in g s o m e s im p le m a t h e m a t ic a l c a lc u la t io n s . O R D E R C L E R K — C o n tin u e d B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C on t inued C la s s B . H a n d le s o r d e r s in v o lv in g it e m s w h ich h a v e r e a d ily id e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p lic a t io n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a t a lo g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m a n u a l, o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to in s d r e th a t p r o p e r ite m is s u p p lie d o r to v e r i f y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d it e m . c o s t d is t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e tc . o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l th e a c c o u n t in g d e p a r tm e n t . A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K M A C H IN E B IL L E R P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u ch a s p o s t in g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b a n k a c c o u n t s ; v e r if y in g th e in te r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t ic a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n tin g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g d is t r ib u t io n c o d e s ; e x a m in in g and v e r if y in g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s t y p e s o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la t io n s , p o s t in g , e t c . ; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a t e d jo u r n a l vou ch ers. M a y w o r k in e it h e r a m a n u a l o r a u tom a ted a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m . P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and in v o ic e s on a m a c h in e o th e r than an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b illin g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a t io n s . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , a s f o l l o w s : B illin g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b illin g m a c h in e (c o m b in a tio n ty p in g and a d d in g m a ch in e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and in v o ic e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , sh ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e tc . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e t e r m in e d d is c o u n t s and sh ip p in g c h a r g e s and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ic h m a y o r m a y n ot b e co m p u te d on th e b illin g m a c h in e , and t o t a ls w h ich a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te d by m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f th e b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n d o n e on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e.. T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e th o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f t r a n s a c t io n s and a c c o u n t in g in fo r m a t io n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , th e w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n t in g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s i g n e d w o r k , but is n ot r e q u ir e d to h av e a k n o w le d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n tin g . P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s : are c la s s ifie d into l e v e l s on th e b a s is o f th e B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a rt o f the a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n try o f f ig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te s f ig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u te s and u s u a lly p r in ts a u t o m a t ic a lly th e d e b it o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D o e s n ot in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n ifo r m and s ta n d a rd t y p e s o f s a le s and c r e d i t s lip s . f o llo w in g C la s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p lic a t e d or n o n r e p e tit iv e a c c o u n t in g t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e le c t in g a m o n g a s u b s ta n tia l v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g t r a n s a c t io n s th r o u g h p r e v io u s a c c o u n t in g a c t io n s to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M a y be a s s i s t e d b y o n e o r m o r e c l a s s B a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s . PA Y R O LL CLERK P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m a in ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' t im e o r p r o d u c t io n r e c o r d s ; a d ju s tin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r ch a n g e s in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f it s , o r ta x d e d u c t io n s ; ed itin g p a y r o ll lis t i n g s a g a in s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c in g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in lis t in g s ; and a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r a t io n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a n o n a u to m a te d p a y r o l l s y s t e m , c o m p u te s w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t ic a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u la t io n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the co m p u te r sy ste m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . C la s s B . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s an d s t a n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h a s p o s t in g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e id e n t i fic a t io n o f it e m s and lo c a t io n s o f p o s t in g s a r e c l e a r l y in d ic a t e d ; c h e c k in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s ta n d a r d iz e d and r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d in g d o c u m e n t s u sin g a fe w p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g c o d e s . B O O K K E E P I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . KEY EN TRY O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n ch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic a n d /o r n u m e r ic da ta on ta b u la tin g c a r d s o r on ta p e . C la s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m u s e d . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d i t it e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l id a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , and o th e r r e c o r d s b y h an d. P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s . a re c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on th e b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . W o r k r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t in s e le c t in g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o llo w e d and in s e a r c h in g f o r , in t e r p r e t in g , s e l e c t i n g , o r c o d in g it e m s to b e k e y p u n ch e d f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m en ts. On o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e r o u tin e k e y p u n c h -w o r k . M ay t r a i n in e x p e r ie n c e d k e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . K eep s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h ases o r s e c tio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r m a c h in e b i l l e r ) , M ay ch eck s h e e ts f o r 21 K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed C O M P U T E R SY S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C la s s B . W o r k is r o u tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U n d er c l o s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t io n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r io u s s t a n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h ic h h a v e b e e n c o d e d , and f o llo w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in t e r p r e t in g o f d a ta to b e r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v i s o r p r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s it e m s o r c o d e s o r m i s s in g in fo r m a t io n . ty p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s t o b e u s e d ; o u tlin e s a c t io n s to b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t io n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g ( t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a t io n o f w o r k and data f lo w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d in a t e s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b le m s and p a r t ic ip a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n e w a nd r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u ip m e n t ch a n g e s to o b ta in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t io n s '. (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g b oth s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts if th is is th e s k ill u s e d to d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .) T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e t a b u la t o r , c a l c u l a t o r , c o l l a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c in g p u n c h , e t c . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is d e fin itio n a r e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s . A l s o e x c lu d e d a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig it a l c o m p u t e r s , ev en th ou g h th e y m a y a ls o o p e r a t e e l e c t r i c a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e e q u ip m e n t. D o e s n ot in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s . P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s . C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input d a ta and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n ts o f output da ta . ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in te g r a t e d p r o d u c t io n s c h e d u lin g , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , a nd s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y it e m o f e a ch ty p e is a u t o m a t ic a lly p r o c e s s e d th r o u g h th e f u ll s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia t e fo llo w u p a c t io n s a r e in itia t e d b y th e c o m p u t e r .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e im p lic a t io n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t io n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , if n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s t a lla t io n s o r c h a n g e s a nd f o r o b ta in in g e q u ip m e n t. are c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on th e b a s is o f th e F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : f o llo w in g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p le t e r e p o r t in g and ta b u la tin g a s s ig n m e n t s in clu d in g d e v is i n g d if f ic u lt c o n t r o l p a n e l w ir in g u n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e a v a r ie t y o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h ic h o fte n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g , r e q u ir in g s o m e p la n n in g o f th e n a tu r e and s e q u e n c in g o f o p e r a t io n s , and th e u s e o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p ic a lly in v o lv e d in t r a in in g n ew o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s o r tr a in in g lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and in th e o p e r a t in g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . D o e s n ot in c lu d e p o s it io n s in w h ic h w ir in g r e s p o n s ib ilit y is lim it e d to s e le c t io n and in s e r t io n o f p r e w i r e d b o a r d s . M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l w ho a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s i s t . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d in g to e s t a b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d e r s p e c i f i c in s t r u c t io n s . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le t e but r o u tin e and r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s o r p a r t s o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d if f ic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u c h as th e ta b u la to r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d itio n to th e s im p le r m a c h in e s u s e d b y c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to d o s o m e w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s . M a y t r a in n e w e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s . d ir e c tio n to lo w e r l e v e l sy ste m s a n a ly s t s C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that a r e r e la t iv e ly u n c o m p lic a t e d to a n a ly z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and op erate. P r o b le m s a r e o f lim it e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e output d a ta a r e c l o s e l y r e la t e d . ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in ta in in g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a in ta in in g a c c o u n t s r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t , o r m a in ta in in g in v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u fa ctu rin g o r w h o l e s a le e s t a b lis h m e n t .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b je c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a t io n s o f th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to b e a p p lie d . C la s s C. U n d er s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t io n s , o p e r a t e s s im p le ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e s o r t e r , i n t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u cin g p u n c h , c o l l a t o r , e t c . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e p o r t io n s o f a w o r k u n it, f o r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r t in g o r c o lla t in g r u n s , o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a t io n s . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s , an d do s o m e filin g w o r k . OR C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x d a ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o n r o u tin e a s s ig n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s in s t r u c tio n and g u id a n ce on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith i n s t r u c t i o n s , an d to in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m . A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g th e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig it a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A n a ly z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t io n s to b e a u to m a te d and id e n t ifie s c o n d it io n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and C la s s C . W o r k s u n d e r im m e d ia t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a ly s e s a s a s s ig n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c t i v it y . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p and expan d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in th e a p p lic a t io n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r le v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly st b y p r e p a r in g th e d e t a ile d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo r m a t io n d e v e lo p e d b y th e h ig h e r l e v e l a n a ly s t . Professional and Technical 22 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C o n v e r t s s ta t e m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a ly s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h a r e r e q u ir e d to s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic data p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s th e p r e c i s e in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h e n e n te r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n ip u la t io n o f d a ta to a c h ie v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u t e r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t ic s , l o g i c e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r s u b je c t m a t te r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a r t s and d ia g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m to b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r it e s d e t a ile d flo w c h a r t s to sh ow o r d e r in w h ic h da ta w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s to c o d e d in s t r u c tio n s f o r m a c h in e to f o llo w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s t r u c t io n s f o r o p e r a t in g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t io n ru n ; a n a ly z e s , r e v i e w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t in g e f f i c i e n c y o r a d a p t t o n ew r e q u ir e m e n t s ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g b oth s y s t e m s a n a ly s is a nd p r o g r a m m in g sh ou ld b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s if th is is th e s k ill u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e ir p a y .) input d a ta w h ic h a r e r e a d il y a v a ila b le . W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y b e p r o c e s s e d , th e da ta h a v e b e e n r e f in e d in p r i o r a c tio n s s o that th e a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta can b e t e s t e d b y u s in g a fe w r o u tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , th e p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith r o u tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a t io n s . OR W o r k s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A) u n d e r c l o s e d ir e c t io n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v i s o r . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m in g l e s s d if f ic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r f o r m in g m o r e d if f ic u lt t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d ir e c t io n . M a y g u id e o r C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t i c e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p lic a tio n o f s ta n d a rd p r o c e d u r e s to ro u tin e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v is io n on n ew a s p e c t s o f a s s ig n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d to v e r i f y it s a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ir e d p roced u res. D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t if ic a n d /o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s . F or w age s tu d y p u r p o s e s , program m ers COM PUTER O PERA TO R a re c l a s s i f i e d a s fo llo w s M o n it o r s and o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d ig it a l c o m p u t e r to p r o c e s s da ta a c c o r d in g to o p e r a t in g i n s t r u c t io n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o gram m er. W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : S tu d ie s in s t r u c t io n s to d e t e r m in e e q u ip m e n t setu p a nd o p e r a t io n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u ir e d it e m s (ta p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w it c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t into c i r c u i t , and s t a r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s tm e n t s to c o m p u t e r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t in g p r o b l e m s an d m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d it io n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m a d e d u rin g o p e r a t io n and d e t e r m in e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s o p e r a t in g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in c o r r e c tin g p r o g r a m . C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m in g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and c h a r t s w h ic h id e n tify th e n a tu r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a jo r p r o c e s s i n g s te p s to b e a c c o m p lis h e d , and th e r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s te p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o lv in g r o u tin e ; p la n s th e f u ll r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c t io n s n e e d e d to e f f ic i e n t ly u t iliz e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h ie v in g d e s i r e d end p r o d u c t s . A t th is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d if f ic u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r eq u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e d a ta e le m e n t s . A w id e v a r ie t y and e x t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t i o n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s s u c h a c t io n s a s d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t io n s w h ic h ca n b e r e u s e d , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o in ts b e tw e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s tm e n ts to data w h en p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c it y , and s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s to f o r m a h ig h ly in te g r a t e d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v i d e fu n c t io n a l a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . For w a g e stu d y pu rposes, co m p u te r op era tors are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t ly t e s t e d and in t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u lin g r e q u ir e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l im p o r t a n c e to m i n im iz e d o w n tim e ; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d e s ig n s o th at id e n t ific a t io n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n r e q u ir e s a w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s m a y n ot be a v a ila b le . M a y g iv e d ir e c t i o n and g u id a n c e to lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . d i r e c t i o n to l o w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s w h o C la s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b lis h e d p r o d u c t io n r u n s , t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is lit t le o r no te s t in g o f n ew p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a j o r ch a n g e o r ca n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b ly s h o r t t i m e . In C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a t io n t o p r o d u c e d a ta in tw o o r t h r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis t in g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f in in g , a d a p tin g , a r r a y i n g , o r m a k in g m in o r a d d itio n s to o r d e le t io n s f r o m in s t r u c t lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . 23 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u ed D R A F T E R -T R A C E R c o m m o n e r r o r s it u a t io n s , d ia g n o s e s c a u s e and ta k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t io n . T h is u s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u sin g s ta n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n iq u e s . C o p ie s c lo t h o r p a p e r in c lu d e t r a c in g la r g e s c a le not p la n s and d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p la c in g t r a c in g o v e r d r a w in g s and t r a c in g w ith p e n o r p e n c il. (D o e s n ot lim it e d to p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t in g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a t io n .) OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d if f ic u lt ta s k s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d if f ic u l t ta s k s f o llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s and w ith fr e q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d . C la s s C . W o r k s on r o u tin e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n . Is e x p e c t e d t o d e v e lo p w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r eq u ip m e n t u s e d and a b ilit y to d e t e c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in ru n n in g r o u tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly h as r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l tr a in in g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t io n . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r o n c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . P la n s th e g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p l e x it e m s h av in g d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n f e a t u r e s th at d i f f e r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m e s t a b lis h e d d r a ftin g p re ce d e n ts. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith th e d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n c h a n g e s . A n a ly z e s th e e f fe c t o f e a c h ch a n g e on th e d e t a ils o f f o r m , fu n c t io n , and p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le t e d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r ig i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g d e t e r m in a t io n s . M a y e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n b y l o w e r le v e l d r a fte r s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u tin e a nd c o m p le x d r a ftin g a s s ig n m e n t s that r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f m o s t o f th e s t a n d a r d iz e d d r a w in g te c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u s e d . D u tie s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e s u ch w o r k a s : P r e p a r e s w o r k in g d r a w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u lt ip le f u n c t io n s , and p r e c i s e p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h it e c t u r a l d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f a b u ild in g in c lu d in g d e t a il d r a w in g s o f f o u n d a t io n s , w a ll s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u la s and m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u ta tio n s to d e t e r m in e q u a n titie s o f m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d , lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e t c . R e c e iv e s in it ia l i n s t r u c t io n s , r e q u ir e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p le t e d w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n ic a l a d e q u a c y . C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a il d r a w in g s o f s in g le u n its o r p a r t s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , m a n u fa c t u r in g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . Types of d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o j e c t i o n s (d e p ic t in g t h r e e d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a le ) and s e c t i o n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s it io n in g o f c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a t io n . C o n s o lid a t e s d e t a ils f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d ju s ts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u ir e d . S u g g e s te d m e t h o d s o f a ip p ro a ch , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in it ia l a s s i g n m e n t s . I n s t r u c t io n s a r e l e s s c o m p le t e w h en a s s ig n m e n t s recu r. W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . A N D /O R P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d r a w in g s o f e a s i l y v is u a l iz e d it e m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v is e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e la t e d d e v i c e s b y p e r fo r m in g on e o r a c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : I n s t a llin g , m a in ta in in g , r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , t r o u b le s h o o t in g , m o d if y in g , c o n s t r u c t in g , and t e s t in g . W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n o f t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , a b ility to d e t e r m in e m a lf u n c t io n s , and s k ill to put e q u ip m e n t in r e q u ir e d o p e r a t in g c o n d it io n . T h e eq u ip m en t— c o n s i s t in g o f e it h e r m a n y d if f e r e n t k in d s o f c i r c u i t s o r m u lt ip le r e p e tit io n o f th e s a m e k in d o f c i r c u i t — in c lu d e s , but is n ot lim it e d t o , th e fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n i c t r a n s m it t in g a nd r e c e i v i n g e q u ip m e n t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d io , t e l e v i s i o n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v ig a tio n a l a i d s ) , (b) d ig it a l and a n a lo g c o m p u t e r s , and (c) in d u s t r ia l and m e d i c a l m e a s u r in g and c o n t r o lli n g e q u ip m e n t. T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f s u ch s ta n d a rd e l e c t r o n i c eq u ip m e n t a s c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h o u s e h o ld r a d io and t e l e v i s i o n s e t s ; p r o d u c tio n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y du ty is s e r v i c i n g e le c t r o n ic t e s t in s t r u m e n t s ; t e c h n ic ia n s w h o h a v e a d m in is t r a t iv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , an d p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s . are c la s s ifie d in to l e v e l s o n th e b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . A p p lie s a d v a n c e t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e u n u s u a lly c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e th at t y p i c a l l y c a n n o t b e s o lv e d s o l e l y b y r e f e r e n c e to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c eq u ip m e n t. E x a m p le s o f s u c h p r o b l e m s in c lu d e lo c a t io n and d e n s ity o f c i r c u i t r y , e le c t r o m a g n e t ic r a d ia t io n , is o la t in g m a lf u n c t io n s , and fr e q u e n t e n g in e e r in g c h a n g e s . W o r k in v o lv e s : A d e t a ile d u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g in d e p e n d e n t ju d g m e n t in p e r f o r m i n g su ch t a s k s a s m a k in g c ir c u i t a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la t in g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c in g r e l a t i o n s h ip s in s ig n a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u s in g c o m p l e x t e s t in s t r u m e n ts ( e . g . , d u a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia t io n m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) . W o rk m a y b e r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v i s o r (fr e q u e n t ly an e n g in e e r o r d e s ig n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l g u id a n ce to lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p r e h e n s iv e t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p i c a l l y ca n b e s o lv e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y in te r p r e tin g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N IC IA N — C on tin u ed M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. W o r k i n v o lv e s : A f a m ilia r it y w ith th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; and ju d g m e n t in d e t e r m in in g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e le c t in g t o o l s a nd t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s , u s u a lly l e s s c o m p le x than t h o s e u s e d b y th e c l a s s A t e c h n ic ia n . P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c tio n s su ch as th e in s t a l la t io n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t io n , d is t r ib u t io n , o r u t iliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : In s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m en t s u ch a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a tin g u n it s , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u t s , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; lo c a t in g and d ia g n o s in g t r o u b le in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g s ta n d a r d c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t; and u s in g a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d to o ls and m e a s u r in g a nd t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m a in te n a n ce e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e , a s r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n , a nd w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e to lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . C la s s C . A p p lie s w o r k in g t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r r o u tin e t a s k s in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t, fo llo w in g d e t a ile d i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s u ch ta sk s a s: A s s i s t i n g h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s b y p e r fo r m in g s u ch a c t i v it ie s as r e p la c in g c o m p o n e n t s , w ir in g c i r c u i t s , and ta k in g te s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t; and u s in g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t in s t r u m e n ts ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , a u d io s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu b e t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is n o t r e q u ir e d to b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e in t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y b e a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a s s ig n m e n t s d e s ig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e ( in c lu d in g c l a s s r o o m tr a in in g ) so that w o r k e r ca n a d v a n c e to h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and fix t u r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p e s o f p a in t r e q u ir e d f o r d if f e r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r f a c e fo r p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g oJ.d f in is h o r b y p la c in g pu tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p ly in g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m ix c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o th e r pa in t in g r e d ie n t s to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n siste n c y . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p a in te r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u id a n c e , a s r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y sp ot c h e c k e d , but is g iv e n d e t a ile d r e v ie w w h e n n e w o r a d v a n c e d a s s ig n m e n t s a r e in v o lv e d . R E G I S T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R S E S M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c id e n t o n th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e fo llo w in g : G iv in g f i r s t a id to th e ill o r in ju r e d ; a tte n d in g to s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s in g o f e m p l o y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a t ie n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m in a tio n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s o f a p p lic a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; a n d p la n n in g and c a r r y i n g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lth e d u c a t io n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a tio n o f plan t e n v ir o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a ff e c t in g th e h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a fe t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u r s in g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than o n e n u r s e a r e e x c lu d e d . P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s and n e w p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a ir s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n te r p r e tin g w r it te n in s t r u c t io n s and s p e c i f ic a t io n s ; p la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in is t 's h a n d to o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a t in g s ta n d a rd m a c h in e t o o l s ; sh a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o lin g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c t in g s ta n d a rd m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d f o r th is w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, th e m a c h in is t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a r o u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y ) P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o r k a n d e q u ip m e n t s u ch as b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d t o o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , and s ta n d a rd m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; an d s e le c t in g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s rou n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is m a n t lin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r f o r m in g r e p a ir s th at m a in ly in v o lv e th e u s e o f h a n d to o ls in s c r a p in g and fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s w ith it e m s o b ta in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g th e p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h in e s h o p o r s e n d in g th e m a c h in e to a m a c h in e sh o p f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a ir s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly 25 M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y )— C o n tin u ed M IL L W R IG H T — C on tin u ed a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i en ce. E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . w o r k ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p r in ts o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d t o o l s and r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to s t r e s s e s , s tr e n g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lig n in g and b a la n c in g e q u ip m e n t; s e le c t in g s ta n d a rd t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t, and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and in s t a llin g and m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t s u ch a s d r iv e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, th e m i l l w r i g h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in th e t r a d e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC ( M o t o r V e h ic le s ) R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g e q u ip m e n t and p e r f o r m in g r e p a ir s th at in v o lv e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c ia liz e d e q u ip m e n t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g and a d ju s tin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in s t a llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h ic le and m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s ; and a lig n in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s and lig h t s , o r tig h te n in g b o d y b o lt s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot in c lu d e t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s . m e c h a n ic s w ho r e p a ir M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m in g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u ch a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and eq u ip m e n t; a s s i s t in g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n . T h e k in d o f w o r k th e h e lp e r is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e lp e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lif t in g , and h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s , and c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th at a r e a ls o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s is . cu s M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fitt in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : L a y in g out w o r k and m e a s u r in g to l o c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o th e r w r it te n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u t t in g m a c h in e s ; th r e a d in g p ip e w ith s t o c k s and d ie s ; b e n d in g p ip e b y h a n d -d r iv e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s and fa s t e n in g p ip e t o h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to p r e s s u r e s , f lo w , and s i z e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m a k in g s ta n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m in e w h e th e r f in is h e d p ip e s m eet s p e c ific a t io n s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p ip e fi t t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . W o rk e r s p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a t in g o n e o r m o r e th an o n e ty p e o f m a c h in e t o o l ( e . g . , jig b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , e n g in e la t h e , m i llin g m a c h in e ) to m a c h in e m e t a l f o r u s e in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in sh a p in g o r f o r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p ic a lly i n v o l v e s ; P la n n in g and p e r f o r m in g d if f ic u lt m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e c o m p lic a t e d s e tu p s o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m a c h in e t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , in s t a ll cu ttin g t o o l s an d a d ju s t g u id e s , s t o p s , w o r k in g t a b l e s , and o th e r c o n t r o ls to h a n d le th e s i z e o f s t o c k to b e m a c h in e d ; d e t e r m in e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e o r s e l e c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w in g s , b lu e p r in t s , o r la y o u t s ) ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s d u rin g m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is i t e d im e n s io n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to s e le c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s and cu ttin g an d lu b r ic a t in g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e w hen t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , a nd to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at th e s k ill l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in th is c la s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u ir e s e x t e n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h in e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r i c a t e s , in s t a l l s , and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir th e s h e e t - m e t a l e q u ip m e n t and f ix t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t ila t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o fin g ) o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g ; P la n n in g and la y in g ou t a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , m o d e l s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k in g m a c h in e s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d t o o ls in c u tt in g , b e n d in g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , fit t in g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s t a llin g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c lu d e m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g shops. T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C o n s t r u c ts and r e p a ir s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s ; P la n n in g an d la y in g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , o r o th e r w r it te n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s t a n d in g th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a ls and a llo y s ; s e le c t in g a p p r o p r ia t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and M IL L W R IG H T I n s t a lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d is m a n t le s and in s t a lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h en c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g ; P la n n in g and la y in g out 26 T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — C o n tin u e d S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d t o c o m p le t e t a s k s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t io n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g v a r io u s m a c h in e t o o l s and r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; u s in g v a r io u s t o o l a nd d ie m a k e r 's h a n d to o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; w o r k in g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t -t r e a t in g m e t a l p a r t s an d f in is h e d t o o l s a nd d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a lit ie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s t o p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l, th e t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s ib le f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n ts 01 m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r i a l s . Sh ipping w o r k in v o lv e s : A k n o w le d g e o f s h ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n , and r a t e s ; an d p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d sh ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g th e m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t. R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o l v e s ; V e r if y in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r if y in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n ts a g a in s t b ills o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e je c t in g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; ro u tin g m e r c h a n d is e o r m a t e r ia ls to p r o p e r d e p a r tm e n t s ; and m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot in c lu d e t o o l a nd d ie m a k e r s w h o ( 1) a r e e m p lo y e d i n ’t o o l and d ie jo b b in g s h o p s o r ( 2) p r o d u c e f o r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ) . For O p e r a t e s a n d m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e o p e r a t io n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s a nd e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p ly th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h e a t, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r c o n d it io n in g . W o r k in v o l v e s : O p e r a t in g and m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h as s t e a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila t in g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a te r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; an d k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d f u e l c o n s u m p t io n . M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e t h e s e o p e r a t io n s . H e a d o r c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an o n e e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d . pu rposes, w ork ers are c la s s ifie d as f o llo w s : W AREH OU SEM AN A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s w h ich r e q u ir e an u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's s t o r a g e p la n . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : V e r if y in g m a t e r ia ls ( o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a g a in st r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n t s , n o tin g and r e p o r t in g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g m a t e r ia ls t o p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , s ta c k in g , o r p a lle t iz in g m a t e r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g in g and ta k in g in v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r ia ls and r e p o r t in g d e t e r io r a t io n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r in g it f o r s h ip m e n t. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r fo r m in g w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s . B O IL E R T E N D E R F ir e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s to fu r n is h th e e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith h e a t , p o w e r , o r s te a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; a nd c h e c k s w a te r and s a fe t y v a l v e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t. E x c lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t i e s in v o lv e sh ip p in g and r e c e iv in g w o r k ( s e e S h ip p in g and R e c e iv in g C le r k and S h ipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r f illin g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t in g p o w e r t r u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e ra to r). Material Movement and Custodial O R D E R F IL L E R F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n t o f illin g o r d e r s and in d i c a tin g it e m s f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u tg o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is it io n a d d itio n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t e d d u tie s . T R U C K D R IV E R D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u ip m e n t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r io u s t y p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s u ch a s : M a n u fa c tu r in g p la n ts , fr e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a le a n d r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . S a le s r o u t e a nd o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . S H IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s f in is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e by p la c in g th e m in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n ta in e r e m p lo y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n te n t; s e le c t io n o f a p p r o p r ia t e ty p e a nd s iz e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r ia l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; and a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n te r in g id e n tify in g d a ta on c o n ta in e r . P a c k e r s w h o a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e and ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t, a s f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h ou ld b e r a t e d on th e b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y .) stu d y S h ip p in g c l e r k R e c e iv in g c l e r k S h ip p in g an d r e c e i v i n g c l e r k S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , w age lig h t t r u c k (u n d e r 1V2 to n s ) m e d iu m t r u c k ( I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 to n s ) h e a v y t r u c k ( t r a ile r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) h e a v y t r u c k ( o t h e r them t r a i le r ) ( o v e r 4 ton s) 27 M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R G U A R D AND W ATCH M AN A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m f r e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; and t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L on gshore w o r k e r s , w h o lo a d and u n lo a d s h ip s , a r e e x c lu d e d . G u a rd . P e r f o r m s r o u tin e p o l i c e d u t ie s , e it h e r at f ix e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . I n c lu d e s g u a r d s w ho a r e s ta tio n e d at g a te a nd c h e c k o n id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o t h e r p e r s o n s e n t e r in g . W a tch m a n . M akes rou n d s o f p r e m is e s p r o p e r t y a g a in st f i r e , th e ft, and i l l e g a l e n tr y . p e r io d ic a lly in p r o t e c t in g P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o lle d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r ia ls o f a ll k in d s a b ou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . tru ck , F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r as fo llo w s : F o r k lif t o p e r a t o r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r th an f o r k lif t ) C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r i c a l o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p in g , m o p p in g o r s c r u b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e fu s e ; d u s tin g e q u ip m e n t, f u r n it u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f ix t u r e s o r t r im m in g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s a nd m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , an d r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w ho s p e c ia liz e in w in d o w w a sh in g a r e e x c lu d e d . Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest bulletins available is presented below. Bulletins may be purchased from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover, or from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D .C. 20402. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. A directory of occupational wage surveys, covering the years 1970 through 1976, is available on request. A rea A k r o n , O h i o , D e c . 19 7 8 ............................................................................. A lb a n y —S c h e n e c ta d y —T r o y , N . Y ., S ep t. 1978 1 _______________ A n a h e im ^ S a n ta A n a—G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 _________________________________________________ A t la n t a , G a ., M a y 1 9 7 8 1_________________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 19 7 8 1____________________________________ B i l l i n g s , M o n t ., J u ly 19 7 8 _______________________________________ B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 8 __________________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 8 1 _____________________________________ B u ff a lo , N .Y ., O c t . 1977 -------------------------------------------------------------C a n t o n , O h io , M a y 1 9 7 8 __________________________________________ C h a t ta n o o g a , T e n n .—G a . , S e p t. 19 7 8 1 _________________________ C h ic a g o , 111., M a y 1 9 7 8 __________________________________________ C in c in n a t i, O h io —K y .—I n d ., J u ly 1 9 7 8 __________________________ C le v e la n d , O h io , S e p t. 1 9 7 8 _____________________________________ C o lu m b u s , O h io , O c t . 1978 1 ____________________________________ C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , J u ly 1 9 7 8 ________ _______________________ D a l l a s - F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1978 1 _________________________ D a v e n p o r t—R o c k I s l a n d - M o l i n e , Iow a —111., F e b . 1 9 7 8 ______ D a y to n , O h io , D e c . 1 977 1------------------------------------------------------------D a y to n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 8 ________________________________ D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 977 1___________________________ D e t r o it , M i c h . , M a r . 19 7 8 _______________________________________ F r e s n o , C a l i f . , Ju n e 1 9 7 8 1 -------------------------------------------------------G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , S e p t. 1 9 7 8 ------------------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s ., J u ly 19 7 8 1 ___________________________________ G r e e n s b o r o — in s t o n -S a l e m — ig h P o in t , W H N . C . , A u g . 19 7 8 __________________________________________________ G r e e n v ille —S p a r ta n b u r g , S . C . , J u n e 1978_____________________ H a r t f o r d , C o n n ., M a r . 1 9 7 8 1 -----------------------------------------------------H o u s t o n , T e x ., A p r . 1 9 7 8 ________________________________________ H u n t s v ille , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 7 8 -------------------------------------------------------I n d ia n a p o lis , I n d ., O c t . 1978 1 --------------------------------------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 1 9 7 8 _______________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 7 7 ---------------------------------------------------K a n s a s C it y , M o .—K a n s . , S e p t. 1978___________________________ L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 8 1 -----------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y . - I n d ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 1______________________________ M e m p h is , T e n n .—A r k .—M i s s ., N o v . 1978______________________ Bulletin number and price* 2 0 2 5 -6 3 , 2 0 2 5 -5 8 , $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .2 0 1 9 5 0 -6 0 , 2 0 2 5 -2 8 , 2 0 2 5 -5 0 , 2 0 2 5 -3 8 , 2 0 2 5 -1 5 , 2 0 2 5 -4 3 , 1 9 5 0 -5 8 , 2 0 2 5 -2 2 , 2 0 2 5 -5 1 , 2 0 2 5 -3 2 , 2 0 2 5 -3 9 , 2 0 2 5 -4 9 , 2 0 2 5 -5 9 , 2 0 2 5 -2 9 , 2 0 2 5 -5 2 , 2 0 2 5 -6 , 1 9 5 0 -7 1 , 2 0 2 5 -4 8 , 1 9 5 0 -7 4 , 2 0 2 5 -1 1 , 2 0 2 5 -3 1 , 2 0 2 5 -4 5 , 2 0 2 5 -4 1 , $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .0 0 80 c e n ts $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .0 0 70 c e n ts $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1.00 $ 1 .5 0 70 c e n ts $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .2 0 2 0 2 5 -4 6 , 2 0 2 5 -3 0 , 2 0 2 '5 -1 4 , 2 0 2 5 -2 3 , 2 0 2 5 -4 , 2 0 2 5 -5 7 , 2 0 2 5 -1 , 1 9 5 0 -6 7 , 2 0 2 5 -5 3 , 2 0 2 5 -6 1 , 1 9 5 0 -6 6 , 2 0 2 5 -6 2 , $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1.20 $ 1 .2 0 70 c e n ts $ 1 .5 0 70 c e n ts 70 c e n ts $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 Area Bulletin number and price* M ia m i, F l a . , O c t . 1978 1 ......................................................................... 2 0 2 5 -6 0 , $ 1 .3 0 M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1978 1 _________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 8 , $ 1 .4 0 M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l, M in n .— i s . , Jan. 1978 1_____________ 2 0 2 5 - 2 , W $ 1 .4 0 N a s s a u - S u f f o lk , N . Y ., June 1978 1 ____________________________ 2 0 2 5 -3 3 , $ 1 .3 0 N e w a r k , N .J ., Jan . 1978 1______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 7 , $ 1 .4 0 N ew O r l e a n s , L a ., J a n . 1 9 7 8 __________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 5 , $ 1 .0 0 N ew Y o r k , N . Y .- N . J . , M a y 1978 1..................... ............................... 2 0 2 5 -3 5 , $ 1 .5 0 N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a .— N .C ., M a y 1978---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 2 5 -2 0 , 70 c e n ts N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h — o r t s m o u t h and P N e w p o r t N ew s— a m p to n , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1978____________ H 2 0 2 5 -2 1 , 80 c e n ts N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1 9 78__ _________________________ 2 0 2 5 -4 7 , $ 1 .0 0 O k la h o m a C it y , O k la ., A u g . 1978_____________________________ 2 0 2 5 -4 0 , $ 1 .0 0 O m a h a , N e b r .—Io w a , O c t . 1978________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -5 6 , $ 1 .0 0 P a t e r s o n ^ C l i f t o n - P a s s a i c , N .J ., June 1978 1 _______________ 2 0 2 5 -3 6 , $ 1 .2 0 P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J ., N o v . 1978.................................. .................. 2 0 2 5 -5 4 , $ 1 .3 0 P it t s b u r g h , P a ., J a n . 1 9 7 8 ______________________ ______________ 2 0 2 5 - 3 , $ 1 .1 0 P o r t la n d , M a in e , D e c . 1 9 7 7 ___________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 9 , 70 ce n ts P o r t la n d , O r e g .— a s h ., M a y 1978_________________ __________ W 2 0 2 5 -2 5 , $ 1 .0 0 P o u g h k e e p s ie , N .Y ., Jun e 1978 1_____________________________ 2 0 2 5 -3 7 , $ 1 .1 0 P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in g s to n -N e w b u r g h , N .Y ., June 1978 1 _____ 2 0 2 5 -4 2 , $ 1 .2 0 P r o v id e n c e - W a r w ic k —P a w t u c k e t , R .L — M a s s . , June 1978__ ____________________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -2 7 , $ 1 .4 0 R ic h m o n d , V a ., June 1978______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -2 6 , 80 ce n ts St. L o u is , M o .—111., M a r . 1978_________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 3 , $ 1 .2 0 S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f ., D e c . 1977 1.......................................................... 1 9 5 0 -7 2 , $ 1 .0 0 S a g in a w , M i c h ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 ............................. ...................................... 1 9 5 0 -5 9 , 70 ce n ts Salt L a k e C ity—O g d e n , U tah , N o v . 1 9 7 7 ______________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 8 , 80 ce n ts San A n t o n io , T e x ., M a y 1978__________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 7 , 70 ce n ts San D ie g o , C a l i f ., N o v . 1977 1_________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 3 , $ 1 . 1 0 San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f ., M a r . 1978 1_________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 0 , $ 1 .4 0 San J o s e , C a l i f ., M a r . 1978 1__________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 9 , $ 1 .2 0 S e a ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., D e c . 1977________________ ____________ 1 9 5 0 -7 5 , 80 ce n ts South B e n d , In d ., A u g . 1978____________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -4 4 , $ 1 .0 0 T o le d o , O h io — i c h ., M a y 1978 1______________________________ M 2 0 2 5 -2 4 , $ 1 .2 0 T r e n t o n , N .J ., S ep t. 1 9 7 8 1 ____________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -5 5 , $ 1 .2 0 U tic a r -R o m e , N .Y ., J u ly 19 7 8 __________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -3 4 , $ 1 .0 0 W a s h in g to n , D .C .—M d .—V a ., M a r . 1978 1 ____________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 2 , $ 1 .4 0 W ic h it a , K a n s ., A p r . 1978______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 6 , 80 ce n ts W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , A p r . 1978 1 _______________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 9 , $ 1 .1 0 Y o r k , P a ., F e b . 1978 1__________________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -8 , $ 1 . 10 * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region II Region ID Region IV 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Area C ode617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y 10036 Phone 399-5406 (Area Code 212) 3535 Market Street, P O Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (Area Code 215) Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 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