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3 ; Area Wage Survey Akron, Ohio, Metropolitan Area, December 1976 Bulletin 1900-76 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Preface T h i s b u lle tin p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a D e c e m b e r 1976 s u r v e y o f oc c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e b e n e fits in the A k r o n , O h io , Stan dar d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a ( P o r t a g e and Su m m it C o u n tie s ). T h e s u r v e y w as m a d e as p a r t o f th e B u re au o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w h ic h is d e s i g n e d to y i e l d data f o r in d iv id u al m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s as w e l l as n a tio n a l and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s f o r a l l Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in the Unite d S ta te s , exc lu d in g A l a s k a and Hawaii. A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the ne e d to d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , th ro ugh th e a n a l y s i s o f ( 1 ) th e l e v e l and d is tr ib u t io n o f w a g e s by oc c u p atio n , and ( 2 ) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a tio n a l c a t e g o r y and s k ill l e v e l . The p ro gram d e v e l o p s i n f o r m a t i o n that m a y be used f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , i n clu din g w a g e and s a l a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g plant l o c a t io n . S u r v e y r e s u l t s a ls o a r e used by th e U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g e d e t e r m in a tio n s under the S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1965. C u r r e n t l y , 84 a r e a s a r e included in the p r o g r a m . (S ee l i s t o f a r e a s on i n s id e bac k c o v e r . ) In eac h a r e a , oc c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s data a r e c o l l e c t e d an nually. In f o r m a t i o n on e s t a b l i s h m en t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fits is ob ta ined e v e r y th ird y ea r. E ach y e a r a f t e r a l l in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s have b een c o m p l e t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle tin s a r e i s s u e d . The firs t b rin g s t o g e t h e r data f o r each m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the s eco nd p r e s e n t s na tion al and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m ind iv id u al m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a data. T h e A k r o n s u r v e y w a s conduct ed by th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in C h i c a g o , I l l i n o i s , under the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f L o is L. O r r , A ssista n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r Operations. T h e s u r v e y could not h a ve b een a c c o m p l i s h e d with ou t the c o o p e r a t i o n o f th e m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a l a r y data p r o v i d e d the b a s is f o r th e s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in th is b ulletin. T h e B ure au w is h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r t h e c o o p e r a ti o n received. N o te : C u r r e n t l i s t i n g s o f union w a g e ra te s in th e A k r o n a r e a a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r buil din g t r a d e s , p r i n ti n g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s , and g r o c e r y store em p lo yees. F r e e c o p i e s o f t h e s e a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e b ac k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s . ) A rea W age Survey: Bulletin 1900-76 Akron, Ohio, M arch 1977 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Ray Marshall, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner M etropolitan Area Decem ber 1976 Contents I n t r o d u c t i o n _________________________________________ Page 2 Page T a b l e s — Continued B. Tables: A. E a rn in g s : A - l . W e e k l y e arn in g s o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s . . . 3 A - 2 . W e e k l y e a r n in g s o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s _______________ 5 A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e arn in g s o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s , by s e x _____________________ 6 A - 4 . H o u r l y e a r n in g s o f m ain te n an c e , t o o l r o o m , and p ow e rp la n t w o r k e r s ________________________________ 7 A - 5 . H o u r l y e arn in g s o f m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s tod ial w o r k e r s ________________________________ 8 A - 6 . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e arning s of m ain te n an c e , t o o l r o o m , p o w e r plant, m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t , and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x -------------- 1 0 A - 7 . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e arnin gs f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , adjusted f o r e m p lo y m e n t s h i f t s --------------------- 1 1 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : B - l . M i n i m u m entran ce s a l a r i e s f o r in e x p e r i e n c e d ty p ists and c l e r k s _____________________________ B - 2 . L a t e shift pay p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e m anufac tu rin g plant w o r k e r s ________________________________ B - 3 . Scheduled w e e k l y ho ur s and days of fu ll-tim e firs t-s h ift w o r k e r s ________________________________ B - 4 . Annual paid ho lid a ys f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ________________________________ B - 5 . P a i d v a c a tio n p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ____________________ B - 6 . H e alth , in s u ran ce , and p ensio n plan p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ________________________________ Ap p e n d ix A . A p p e n d ix B. 12 13 14 15 16 19 Scope and m et hod o f s u r v e y ------------ 21 O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s -------------- 26 For sale by the Superintendent o f D ocum ents, O ffic e , W ashington, D. C. O ffic e s lis te d on back c o v e r. Superintendent o f D ocum ents. 20402, G PO U .S . G overn m en t Printing Bookstores, P ric e 85 cents. or BLS R e g io n a l M ake checks p ayab le to Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 84 in which the U.S. D e p a rt m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s conducts s u r v e y s o f oc c u p atio n al e a r n in g s and r e la te d b e n e f its . In th is a r e a , data w e r e obta ined by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B ureau f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s ta b lis h m e n ts within s i x b ro a d industr y d i v i s i o n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; tr a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i cation, and ot h e r public u t i l i t ie s ; w h o l e s a l e tr a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r in d ustr y group s e xclud ed f r o m th es e studies a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tion and e x t r a c t i v e in d u s trie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts ha vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d nu m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d b e ca u s e o f ins uffic ie nt e m p lo y m e n t in the occup ations studied. S e p arate ta bula tion s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r each o f th e b road ind us try d i v i s i o n s w h ic h m e e t p ub li catio n c r i t e r i a . n u r s e s , s k ille d m ain te n an c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a l l i n d u s tr i e s , m a n u fa c tu rin g, and nonm anu fa cturin g. T h i s ta b le p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e tr e n d s a f t e r e l i m i n a t i o n o f changes in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s cau sed by e m p lo y m e n t shifts amon g e s t a b lis h m e n ts as w e l l as t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts i n clud ed in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . F o r f u r th e r d e t a i l s , see appendix A . B - s e r i e s ta b le s T h e B - s e r i e s ta b le s p r e s e n t i n fo rm a tio n on m in im u m e n tr a n ce s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; late shift p ay p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s f o r plant w o r k e r s in m anu fac tu rin g; and data s e p a r a t e l y f o r plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s on scheduled w e e k l y ho ur s and days o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n c e , and pension plans. A - s e r i e s t a b le s T a b l e s A - l th ro ugh A - 6 p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in occupations c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c tu ring and nonm anufa cturing in d u s tr ie s . Occupations w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m the f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l , (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n i c a l , (c) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p la n t, and (d) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. In the 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , t a b le s A - l a through A - 6 a p r o v i d e s i m i l a r data f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k ers or m ore. A p p e n d ix e s A p p e n d ix A d e s c r i b e s the m ethod s and c o n cepts used in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It p r o v i d e s in f o r m a t i o n on the s c op e o f the a r e a s u r v e y , on the a r e a ' s i n d u s tr ia l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u f a c t u r ing, and on l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . T a b l e A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t changes in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e arn in g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s trial A p p e n d ix B p r o v i d e s job d e s c r i p t i o n s used by B ure au f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s by o ccup ation. 2 A. Earnings Table A-1. W eekly earnings of office workers in Akron, Ohio, December 1976 Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Occupation an d industry division Number of workers N u m b e r of w o r k e r s s Average weekl y (standard) 90 Mean * ■ Median ^ Middle ranged s s > $ % $ 4 $ receiving straight-time w e e k l y earning s £ $ S £ £ of --- s £ $ 5 £ s £ 100 no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 300 320 X 10 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 280 260 280 300 320 over 64 130 l i e 141 80 58 88 24 11 15 122 72 23 12 and unde r 100 and ALL W O R K E R S S E C R E T A R I E S ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 1 ,7 4 4 3 9.5 $ 2 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 9 .0 0 $ $ 1 6 7 .0 0 -2 3 4 .0 0 15 24 101 125 116 129 2 0 5 .5 0 - 3 8 41 76 117 91 145 2 0 5 .5 0 110 59 168 4 0 .0 33 17 108 1 ,3 3 4 115 112 86 113 93 104 - 26 53 33 15 12 23 25 12 19 22 16 1 11 - 10 4 1 2 15 24 11 17 22 15 1 - 1 4 2 4 8 13 n 21 27 65 7 4 2 12 10 21 27 61 7 4 1 34 34 35 37 21 15 4 - 35 36 21 8 4 - 11 9 * 7 * * 2 8 7 7 2 410 3 8.5 1 8 2 .5 0 1 7 5 .0 0 1 7 2 .5 0 -2 3 7 .0 0 1 4 8 . 0 0 —2 1 8 . 0 ( 5 12 16 16 23 51 32 126 4 0.0 2 3 1 .0 0 2 3 4 .5 0 2 1 9 .0 0 -2 5 1 .5 0 - - - - 3 - * S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S A --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 182 4 0.0 2 4 8 .5 0 2 5 6 .0 0 - - - _ 4 - - 159 4 0.0 2 5 4 .0 0 25,9.00 2 3 0 .5 0 -2 6 8 .0 0 2 4 0 .5 0 -2 6 9 .n o - - - 7 10 6 s e c r e t a r i e s , c l a s s e --------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------- --------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------- 367 3 9.5 2 1 5 .0 0 2 1 1 .5 0 1 8 5 .5 0 -2 3 9 .5 0 8 16 43 41 28 38 32 290 4 0 .0 2 2 1 .0 0 2 2 1 .0 0 1 9 5 .5 0 -2 4 1 .0 0 - 77 3 8 .5 1 9 3 .0 0 1 7 8 .5 0 1 7 0 .0 0 -2 0 7 .0 0 - 67S 544 4 0.0 4 0 .0 1 9 2 .0 0 1 8 6 .0 0 1 9 1 .5 0 131 3 9.0 1 9 6 .0 0 1 8 6 .5 0 1 8 1 .5 0 1 5 6 .0 0 -2 4 0 .0 0 65 *0 .0 2 2 8 .0 0 2 4 0 .0 0 •50 161.0 0 -2 2 2 .5 0 1 6 ).0 0 -2 1 6 .5 0 3 9.5 221 4 0.0 173 3 8.5 S T E N O G R A P H E R S , G E N E R A L --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------— -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 270 1 5 3 .5 0 180 *0 .0 *0 .0 90 3 9.5 S T E N O G R A P H E R S , S E N I O R ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 404 3 9 .5 1 8 9 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 4 0.0 1 9 3 .5 0 1 9 3 .0 0 1 7 4 .0 0 -2 1 9 .5 0 83 3 8.0 1 7 1 .0 0 1 6 2 .0 0 T R A N S C R I B I N G - M A C H I N E T Y P I S T S ------- 35 1 5 6 .0 0 1 4 7 .5 ,; T Y P I S T S , C L A S S A ---------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 193 4 0 .0 1 5 9 .5 0 130 4 0 .C 3 9.5 1 6 4 .0 0 1 6 4 .ec 1 6 0 .5 0 1 6 3 .5 0 1 5 9 .5 0 T Y P I S T S , C L A S S B ---------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 339 3 9 .5 1 3 7 .0 0 149 4 0 .0 1 3 7 .5 0 - _ 63 1 6 8 .0 0 1 - - 1 - 9 22 30 24 29 28 * * 3 8 7 21 11 4 9 4 2 10 5 33 50 38 66 62 74 71 43 49 41 26 55 56 58 52 40 49 38 5 7 12 11 6 16 19 3 - 3 - 3 - * *“ 9 3 ” 3 1 1 - 2 - - - - _ 2 “ 1 3 - - - - - - 1 6 5 .5 0 -2 1 5 .0 0 321 o 394 o S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S P --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------- •t- S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S C --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------— --- ----n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- - 51 34 37 47 26 22 26 24 12 30 14 21 21 26 35 23 19 24 11 16 30 13 11 12 3 3 2 8 55 35 43 19 42 23 32 9 12 23 8 10 7 11 9 16 17 13 c - 8 1 13 12 11 2 7 7 15 16 4 13 13 7 38 32 27 24 30 29 3 14 22 1 6 5 .5 0 1 4 1 .5 0 -1 9 4 .0 0 1 7 1 .0 0 1 7 2 .5 0 1 5 0 .5 0 -1 9 3 .5 0 - 2 6 1 6 4 .5 0 1 5 1 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 -2 1 0 .0 0 - 12 16 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 7 5 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 7 0 .0 0 7 - 17 1 5 2 .5 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 4 7 .5 0 1 5 6 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 3 7 .0 0 -1 8 8 .0 0 7 23 49 49 43 6 40 9 3 2 - 28 14 14 21 36 19 13 17 14 4 2 - - 2 1 3 4 .0 0 -2 1 3 .5 0 - 4 - 12 6 6 1 3 1 .5 0 -1 6 8 .5 0 - i 3 2 8 5 4 1 4 5 .0 0 -1 8 4 .0 0 - 10 6 12 34 1 4*.0 0 -1 8 5 .0 0 • - 10 5 10 1 5 0 .0 0 -1 7 0 .0 0 - - - 1 1 2 6 .0 0 1 1 2 .0 0 -1 4 5 .0 0 14 47 77 1 3 2 .5 0 1 2 2 .0 0 -1 4 8 ,5 0 8 11 15 53 24 12 1 2 * 1 46 39 27 45 33 6 12 10 3 1 15 22 5 12 12 - - 1 6 13 22 5 • * 4 . - 1 - - 3 32 26 7 12 3 2 i 12 23 5 3 3 - - - 5 10 9 - - 1 1 * ” * 30 42 65 30 30 65 12 * - 5 2 2 19 7 1 “ “ 12 2 1 2 - 2 16 8 4 - 5 4 3 * 11 15 9 15 10 7 3 6 1 3 - 49 24 13 6 14 9 8 1 34 12 5 8 3 7 1 6 1 - 1 6 1 * * 13 1 9 - 9 - - - - 1 “ - - - . - - * “ - - _ - - - _ - . 3 3 l 1 1 1 2 2 - * - - - - • - - - " 1 - * 6 8 - 190 3 9.0 1 3 6 .5 0 1 1 7 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 -1 3 3 .0 0 6 36 62 29 15 20 4 I 1 6 43 4 0.0 2 0 7 .0 0 2 3 1 .0 0 1 7 3 .0 0 -2 4 7 .0 0 - - - - 5 - 1 1 6 50 3 9.5 1 6 8 .5 0 1 6 5 .5 0 1 4 3 .5 0 -2 0 0 .0 0 - - - 5 6 7 5 3 3 1 6 124 3 9 .5 1 2 9 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 6 6 .5 0 3 11 17 34 9 6 7 9 11 5 2 35 89 4 0.0 1 4 1 .5 0 1 4 5 .5 0 1 4 3 .0 0 1 2 9 .0 0 -1 6 7 .5 0 2 3 - 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 - 1 3 9.0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 1 6 .0 0 -1 6 6 .0 0 1 8 17 29 4 1 2 6 8 2 2 8 FILE CLERKS, CLAS S C NONMANUFACTURING • 90 71 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 1 1 7 .5 0 1 0 2 .0 0 100.0 0 -1 2 1 .0 0 21 34 10 6 1 9 1 5 • . - - 3 - • 1 1 5 .0 0 1 0 2 . 0C 100.0 0 -1 2 0 .0 0 16 32 5 5 1 - 9 * * - * * * 3 * - M E S S E N G E R S -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --- — 98 4 0 .0 1 2 8 .5 0 1 2 1 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 3 8 .0 0 9 14 24 14 13 8 6 4 1 1 - - 2 1 - 77 4 0.0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 0 9 . 5 0 - 1 3 7 . CO 8 13 17 13 12 5 4 3 1 _ - 1 FILE CLERKS, CLASS A ----------------- FILE CLERKS, CLAS S 8 M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----NONMANUFACTURING — 9 9 6 8 6 8 - - - - - - - - - - 1 . - _ - - - - - * 1 * * . - * 1 - - - - * _ - - - - > S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s . 3 T able A-1. W e e kly earnings of office w orkers in A k ro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1976 — Continued W eekly earnings 1 (standard) Occupation and in dus try di vision Number of workers Num be r o f w o rk ers re c e iv in g stra ig h t- tim e w eek ly earn in gs o f— (standard) S s Average w eekly 90 M ean ^ M edian ^ M iddle ranged % $ s $ $ i S * S s * s * s * $ i $ 100 n o 12 0 130 140 15 0 160 170 160 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 269 260 300 320 110 12Q 130 140 150 16 0 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 300 320 over * 1 7 - - - and under 100 and ALL WORKERS— CONTINUED $ $ $ K C 25 52 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- UKULN it l LM j j A 3 8 .5 1 8 1 .0 0 1 4 4 .0 0 186 3 9 .5 1 4 7 .0 0 1 1 1 6 8 .0 0 -2 0 6 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 148 * j 0 1 1 1 t4 1 3 2 .0 0 1 2 6 .5 C -1 5 9 .5 0 7 - 3 1 39 n 26 35 24 11 3 XJ L L t i 'i ' j ? l/ L K J J ACCOUNTING CLERKS. A L v i/ v jir i i r . u fc J " " ■ "" " ■■■ g CLASS OLCnn j » 8 6 ■ 6 5 - - - 8 11 13 b ------------------- 552 4 0 .0 2 0 8 .0 0 2 1 6 .0 0 1 7 3 .5 0 -2 3 4 .0 0 - - 8 4 15 27 14 32 61 20 22 u n 46 79 lj i ? * *5 9 34 150a50 34 39 8 1 7 - i 26 25 38 38 i 3 51 23 28 24 18 14 9 12 * 9 ~ — 8 34 84 “ “ 3 2 25 A ” “ 6 C C J » 1 Ij .1 U K U tN 12 * 6 12 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 14 3 3 5 9 11 3 8 1 1 1 * “ * * ” ” “ 1 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS. 10 3 13 1U • . j U 1 L J *. uU * i 2 3 4 .0 0 1 1 a [V t.T r tjn v t i v > L ’VA 1 v >* J v vL Aj w * *f . u V w J " t I* v } ft 1 32 U 34 25 S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 4 1 1 1 3 ? — 2 i i 1 6 2 23 23 * * 4 2 1 “ * T ab le A -2 . W e e kly earnings of professional and technical w orkers in A kro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1976 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) Number Occupation and in d us try division workers N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f --S S no w eekly hours1 (standard] M ean * M edian * M iddle range* S 120 s S 130 140 S S S 150 160 180 S 1 200 220 S 240 S 260 s 280 S S 300 320 s 340 S S 360 380 s $ 400 420 1 440 and under 120 ----460 and 130 140 150 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 over ALL WORKERS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS A -----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------— -------------- $ $ $ 113 95 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 3 .5 0 3 9 3 .0 0 3 7 8 .0 0 3 8 6 .5 0 3 5 1 .0 0 -4 1 4 .5 0 3 6 8 .0 0 -4 1 8 .0 0 “ COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS B ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 109 97 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 3 9 .5 0 3 4 2 .0 0 3 3 9 .0 0 3 3 8 .0 0 3 1 6 .5 0 -3 6 3 .5 0 3 1 6 .5 0 -3 6 1 .5 0 * COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS CLASS A MANUFACTURING 149 127 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 3 3 .0 0 3 4 0 .5 0 3 3 1 .5 0 3 4 0 .5 0 3 0 0 .0 0 -3 6 3 .0 0 3 0 6 .5 0 -3 6 7 .0 0 • “ 198 164 34 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 7 8 .5 0 2 8 4 .0 0 2 5 1 .5 0 2 7 8 .0 0 2 8 3 .0 0 2 5 6 .0 0 2 5 5 .5 0 -3 0 2 .0 0 2 6 0 .0 0 -3 1 0 .5 0 2 4 0 .0 0 -2 7 5 .0 0 - - 75 53 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 2 4 .5 0 2 3 3 .5 0 2 2 2 .0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 2 1 1 .0 0 -2 5 0 .5 0 2 1 9 .5 0 -2 5 3 .0 0 - 97 71 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 4 8 .0 0 2 4 9 .5 0 2 4 9 .5 0 2 5 9 .5 0 2 3 8 .5 0 -2 7 1 .5 0 2 3 1 .0 0 -2 7 3 .5 0 . - COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------MANUFACTURING ---------- — -------- -------- -----NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- -------- 164 118 46 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 2 1 8 .5 0 2 2 2 .0 0 2 1 9 .5 0 2 1 8 .0 0 1 9 5 .5 0 -2 4 3 .0 0 1 9 8 .5 0 -2 4 9 .0 0 _ - 1 1 3 9.0 209 .50 2 20 .50 1 86 .5 0 -2 3 3 .0 0 - - COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS C -------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 62 34 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 1 7 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 7 5 .0 0 1 7 1 .0 0 1 5 4 .0 0 -1 9 0 .0 0 1 4 4 ,5 0 -1 8 2 .0 0 1 1 _ 1 9 * * 9 DRAFTERS. CLASS A --------------------- --------------MANUF ACT URI NG ----------------- — ------ ---------- 340 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 9 5 .5 0 2 9 8 .0 0 2 7 5 .5 0 2 7 0 .5 0 2 4 7 .0 0 -3 1 8 .5 0 2 4 2 .0 0 -3 2 6 .5 0 - - • • 266 - - - DRAFTERS, CLASS B --------------------- -------- -----MANUFACTURING ------ -------------------------------- 273 255 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 3 2 .0 0 2 2 8 .5 0 2 3 0 .0 0 2 2 4 . 0C 1 9 0 .0 0 -2 6 4 .5 0 1 8 9 .5 0 -2 5 7 .5 0 - DRAFTERS, CLASS C ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- — ---------- 140 51 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 0 4 .5 0 1 7 3 .5 0 2 1 6 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 7 2 .5 0 -2 2 5 .0 0 1 4 6 .0 0 -2 0 2 .5 0 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS ----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- -------- ------ 13 1 95 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 4 6 .0 0 2 5 3 .0 0 2 5 7 .5 0 2 7 0 .0 0 2 2 3 .0 0 -2 8 3 .0 0 2 2 3 .0 0 -2 8 3 .0 0 - - “ * * * * * “ 1 1 2 * * * * * 4 4 1 1 * ” * * * 1 1 2 1 10 6 - - 10 10 - .. “ _ • 3 “ * 2 10 7 3 2 * 2 1 2 - - 5 * * 15 7 16 12 23 23 15 15 17 16 11 11 4 4 6 6 9 5 18 18 22 22 20 19 18 17 8 4 2 2 * 1 1 4 4 3 1 19 14 28 21 22 19 21 21 17 17 16 16 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 43 35 8 44 37 7 20 20 19 18 13 13 * 33 22 11 1 * 13 * 1 1 * - - - - - * * * * * 2 2 - - . - - - - • - - - • (BUSINESS). MANUFACTURING ---------- COMPUTER OPERATORS. MANUFACTURING * (B USINESS). COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS B MANUFACTURING ---------- — NONMANUFACTURING ---------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS $ CLASS A ELECTRONICS TEC HN ICI AN S, 1 3 1 * * 1 3 2 24 14 21 16 11 6 6 2 2 - - - 4 4 . - * 4 4 2 1 9 7 6 5 33 15 20 20 17 13 1 1 1 - 13 12 1 29 14 30 30 37 1 7 2 5 27 20 2 2 15 “ 7 13 12 1 7 1 19 12 14 4 10 7 - • 1 1 1 • - - 3 3 18 18 42 42 56 46 2 2 1 1 * 49 49 32 32 32 32 45 45 - 5 5 4 4 19 17 10 2 32 8 - 6 1 1 12 6 13 13 - * 6 2 2 - _ • • 6 * - * - - - * * * - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - * - _ 65 50 47 32 30 16 14 14 1 1 1 1 8 8 14 14 17 17 20 20 3 3 34 34 28 23 28 15 A 4 7 7 4 4 6 1 1 - - - - 39 4 22 2 . 24 24 14 2 23 11 3 2 2 2 2 2 21 16 1 1 38 38 CLASS A - 47 4 0 .0 2 6 9 .0 0 2 7 2 .5 0 2 5 7 .5 0 -2 9 3 .0 0 - - - - - - - 3 1 12 14 17 ELECTRONICS TEC HN ICI AN S, CLASS B MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- ------ 52 52 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 5 6 .5 0 2 5 6 .5 0 2 7 5 .5 0 2 7 5 .5 0 2 3 0 .0 0 -2 8 3 .0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 -2 8 3 .0 0 - - - • - • * * - 2 2 6 6 12 12 2 2 9 9 21 21 ELECTRONICS TEC HN ICIAN S. CLASS C - 32 4 0 .0 1 9 5 .5 0 1 8 8 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 -2 2 3 .0 0 - - - - 6 1 10 4 11 REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSES -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 58 56 2 5 4 . 5C 2 5 4 .5 0 2 3 7 .0 0 -2 6 5 .0 0 2 3 7 .0 C -2 6 4 .0 0 . - . . - • . 8 8 10 9 13 13 20 20 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 5 7 .0 0 2 5 6 .5 0 * S e e fo o t n o t e s a t end o f t a b le s . 5 6 Table A -3 . Average w ee k ly earnings of office, professional, and technical w orkers, by sex in A kro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1976 A verage (m ean 2 ) Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers W eek ly hours 1 standard) W eekly earnings 1 (standard) Average (m ean 2 ) Sex, OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - HEN o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of worken W eekly Ho ur 1 standard) W eekly earnings1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED $ 56 40.0 124.00 r I L 33 33 40.0 233.50 40.0 233.50 62 50 - C L tH Iv j ^ LL m j j Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n W eekly hours 1 standard) 90 71 C r- fr, -i 39.5 115.00 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS), 27 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS 144 123 $ 283.50 2 09. j 0 40.0 40.0 236.00 (BUSINESS), 74 52 38.5 144.00 36 81 151.50 63 ,/ v OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN 1,743 1,333 410 126 39.5 40.0 38.5 40. C 200.00 205.50 182.50 231.00 £r 182 159 248.50 254.00 366 289 77 39.5 215.50 40.0 221.50 38.5 193.00 226 544 131 65 *0.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 192.00 191.50 196.00 223.00 277 394 221 173 39.5 168.00 40.0 171.00 3 8 . 5 164.50 _. . 35 164.00 164.00 163.50 337 40.0 162.00 45 97 ._ . 39.5 40.0 << J. ./0 _. . ^ tOj.OJ r _ ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS, CLASS A- 40.0 269.00 OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN 112 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS 40.0 384.00 40.0 83 ING — —— * a t end o f t a b le s . 6 341.00 40.0 342.00 137 169.00 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS, CLASS C- 158.00 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN m anufa c t u r 179.00 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS, CLASS B- COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS S ee fo o tn o te s 228.00 „^ , lo o « r . ;5. . 39.5 136.00 40.0 /.A A ,? CLAj S b 149 FILE CLERKS, CLASS A ---------------- 245 ' n 297.50 /A A 0*0 /* 40.0 156.00 193 332 278 T( 39.5 189.00 38.0 171.00 c 202.00 39.5 156.00 82 257.50 ■+0.0 16j. j 0 ioj.bv 59 89 r, n 153.50 403 W eekly earnings 1 (standard) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED 40.0 234.00 40.0 232.00 t A verage (m ean 2 ) Number of worken 333.50 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ^ .^Ti r4<i. (BUSINESS), ar » 220.00 ^^ , CLA->- C bt 257.30 Table A -4 . H ourly earnings of m a in ten a n c e , toolroom , and p o w e rp la n t w orkers in A k ro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1976 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f --- Hourly earnings 4 s S S $ s * 5 "S— 1 -----S S % S S $ S S 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 5 .80 6 .00 6.20 6.40 6.60 6.80 7.00 7.20 7.40 7.60 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 9.00 $ Number O ccu p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n workers Mean 2 M ed ian 2 M iddle range 2 U n der 4. 60 ALL W O R K E R S $ s 133 125 , and 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 6 .00 6 .20 6.40 6.60 6.80 7.0Q 7.20 7.40 7,80 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 9.00 9.40 M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S ------ -M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- $ $ $ -$ 6.72 6.74 6.95 7.05 6.4C- 7.05 6.40- 7.05 2 2 4 4 540 504 7.02 7.03 7.05 7.05 6.54- 7.13 6.54- 7.13 - 4 M A I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 87 83 6.72 6.78 6.94 6.94 6.31- 6.97 6.31- 6.97 1 M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 297 297 6.87 6.87 7.05 7.05 6.54- 7.05 6.54- 7.05 - M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N I C S ( M AC HI NE RY ) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ --- 803 768 6.92 6.95 7.03 7.05 6.54- 7.05 6.54- 7.05 - MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M OT OR V E H I C L E S ) --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------— ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U P I N G -----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------- 511 121 390 349 7.47 6.83 7.67 7.80 7.93 6.54 7.93 7.96 7.036.347.357.93- M A I N T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------ --------- 432 432 7.02 7.02 7.05 7.05 6.90- 7.05 6.90- 7.05 - - m e t a l w o r k e r s --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 107 107 7.11 7.11 7.05 7.05 6.99- 7.05 6.99- 7.05 - - M I L L W R I G H T S ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 86 86 7.94 7.94 8.54 8.54 7.13- 8.54 7.13- 8.54 M A I N T E N A N C E T R A O E S H E L P E R S --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 88 88 5.73 5.73 5.77 5.77 5.27- 6.01 5.27- 6.01 M A C H I N E - T O O L O P E R A T O R S (TOO LR OO M) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 135 135 6.88 6.88 7.13 7.13 6.39- 7.13 6.39- 7.13 S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 142 142 7.03 7.03 7.07 7.07 6.75- 7.07 6.75- 7.07 B O I L E R T E N D E R S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 40 36 6.59 6.71 6.57 6.80 5.99- 6.96 6.)3- 6.96 sheet S e e fo o tn o te s $ -- M A I N T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R S — -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- — --- maintenance $ 7.97 7.13 7.97 7.97 - - 1 - 2 - - * 8 8 13 13 4 4 - - - 4 - “ 9 9 1 - - - - - - - “ - 2 2 * 4 4 4 4 ” 3 3 no 102 192 191 11 11 25 25 2 “ • - 43 43 7 7 3 3 14 14 14 8 9 9 44 44 18 4 9 9 6 3 - 4 4 8 6 - - 2 9 - - - “ _ * 18 18 - - 4 4 - - _ - - * - - _ - 2 2 2 2 12 12 5 5 6 - 5 5 6 - * 6 6 4 4 12 12 - - - - 4 - - - - - - 4 - - 12 - 6 6 - - 65 65 _ - 6 5 - - - 7 7 - * - - “ - 2 2 25 25 175 175 - - - 8 8 111 107 6 6 168 161 326 326 4 * - _ * * 7 5 8 6 32 32 9 2 2 - - 28 8 20 11 66 20 46 45 - 83 83 2 . * * - 16 16 51 51 2 2 6 6 3 3 * 15 15 18 18 9 9 - 3 3 _ - . * - * 13 13 7 7 5 5 2 2 * “ - * - * - - - 4 - 8 8 6 6 “ - 1 - l - - - * 6 9 6 - - 9 9 6 - 223 223 . - - - - 3 67 67 - 1 1 9 9 - * 10 10 - • - - * 7 7 6 6 - 18 18 68 68 - - * 4 4 - 9 - 12 12 - 7 - - 14 14 - - 29 29 - _ at end o f ta b le s . 61 60 10 10 - - 11 10 88 76 - 12 12 12 11 4 2 - * 13 11 6 6 - - 15 15 14 14 - - * 6 6 - - 8 8 3 - 202 2 200 200 92 16 76 76 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - * - 25 25 11 11 19 19 71 71 - - - - - - _ _ 16 16 _ _ _ - - - - - - 12 12 _ - 13 13 61 61 - - - - - - . - - - - - - 62 62 - - - - 25 25 _ 7 7 • - - . - Hi 10 . - - 1 1 24 24 - 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 . - - - - T ab le A -5 . Hourly earnings of m a te ria l m ovem ent and custodial w orkers in A kron, O hio, D ecem b er 1976 Hourly ea mings 4 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s S M ea n 2 M ed ian 2 M iddle range * 2.30 2.40 2 .6 0 2.30 workers S 2 .2 0 Numb,, Occupation and industry division i 1 ------ S 2.40 2 .6 0 2.80 - - I receiving straight-time hourly earnings 3 3 I T 5 * S 2 .8 0 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4 .2 0 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4 S k 4.40 4. 60 4.60 5. of --S 5. 00 $ 5.40 $ 5.80 6 .2 0 S 6.60 7 .0 0 S 7.40 5, 4Q 5,8ft 6,20 6 .6ft 7.00 7 .4fl 7.85 84 84 - 26 26 - 55 45 10 192 60 132 186 130 56 147 18 129 2 1 • $ ■ ------ T----5 7.80 8 .2 0 8 .2 0 over and under • 4fl Q O ALL WORKERS T R U C K D R I V E R S ---- --------- ---MANUFACTURING ------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------PUBLIC UTILITIES ------TRUCKDRIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK MANUFACTURING ------ -----TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM TRUCK MANUFACTURING ------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (TRAILER) -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------ NONMANUFACTURING ------ --PUBLIC UTILITIES TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAILER) ------- $ 7.14 6.25 7.56 7.86 $ 6.455.257.147.56- $ 7.86 6.76 7.86 7.86 4.075.09- 6.05 6.05 - 5.30 5.48 5.48 - - - - - - “ - 2 6.49 6.14 6.98 6.93 5.25 7.14 5.255.096.93- 7.32 8.01 7.14 • . . . . - _ • . 530 7.26 6.51 7.51 7.75 7.56 6.76 7,ei 7.86 6.766.337.567.56- 7.86 6.76 7.86 7.86 73 6.47 6.45 6.45- 6.56 * $ 1,386 514 872 532 45 36 314 184 130 901 222 679 6 .8 8 6 .1 1 7.34 7.74 5.17 . - . 1 2 2 10 - - - 10 1 2 2 - - - 2 10 - 2 10 • - - 2 2 2 - - - * * * * * ” - 5 5 • . - - - 4 4 19 19 2 - - - - - - - - - _ . _ _ - * “ * “ “ 5 5 * - _ . - - - - - - - - - 9 9 • - RECEIVING CLERKS ---------------MANUFACTURING ---------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------ 135 5.58 5.45 5.96 5.78 5.78 6.15 5.335.595.25- 6.18 6.17 6.59 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS MANUFACTURING ---------------- 131 111 5.06 5.10 5.00 5.35 4.334.49- WAREHOUSEMEN -------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- --- 356 92 264 5.20 5.71 4.76 5.47 - - - 1 1 - 1 4.60 6.19 7.07 6.15 - 5.03 4.235.023.99- * * 2 * ORDER F I L L E R S --------------- ---MANUFACTURING ---------- ----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ ----- 457 51 406 5.44 5.05 • _ - - . - 6 .0 0 6.28 5.31 6.28 - 5.50 4.724.834.22- - 4.98 * * SHIPPING P A C K E R S ------------ --MANUFACTURING ---------------NONMANUFACTUFING ------------ 149 4.48 4.50 4.42 4.29 4.35 4.22 3.943.7-94.22- 5.02 5.02 4.82 - 2 110 - MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS ---MANUFACTURING ---------------NONMANUFACTUFING -----------PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------- 1,391 659 732 541 5.865.586.587.81- 7.81 6.93 7.81 7.81 - 7.80 6.93 5.86 7.81 7.81 FORKLIFT OPERATORS ------MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTUFING --------PUBLIC UTILITIES --- 1.138 939 6.24 6.08 199 7.00 7.78 6.62 6.60 7.14 5.415.266.0C7.76- 7.07 7.07 7.81 7.81 - S e e fo o tn o te s 7.81 13 13 63 63 - 412 69 343 343 • 186 186 2 _ - - 186 - - 2 10 7 7 12 - - - * - 6 14 • 2 - 67 67 • 6 42 - 74 6 10 2 8 42 72 * • 22 114 44 13 13 - 14 - 10 9 9 - * * • * - - 5 - - - - - 3 3 - 2 _ 3 9 4 * 2 * - 1 - 7 4 9 9 • - - 6 - 6 10 - 46 42 4 39 35 4 19 15 44 44 8 11 9 9 - 66 21 _ - - 10 10 * _ - _ - 1 3 * - - 2 . - 5 - - - . - - * 27 15 4 2 7 1 - * 4 1 7 - . - - 3 - 2 - - - - * * 3 2 * * - 18 18 2 10 9 3 3 3 3 11 - 67 67 - 5 . - 12 1 56 11 - - - 186 - 345 * * 186 186 343 343 • 54 - 14 - - - 6 6 4 6 - - - - 10 • 6 - • • - • 10 6 “ - - - 3 3 - - - 4 - - 30 3 27 9 51 42 - 11 33 23 1 41 * 55 10 - 132 - 2 20 20 - 140 7 133 - 14 14 2 9 * 132 2 - - 2 133 132 37 17 12 11 23 12 3 23 . - - 5 9 * 2 20 8 - - - 7 5 29 27 8 25 2 2 5 5 - 167 167 - 161 79 82 90 - - 56 - 1 9 21 1 * 4 5 • - 5 - - - . 55 55 1 * * * - * - - - - - - 10 - • - 27 27 - 58 58 25 25 - 24 24 - 62 62 - 76 76 • 61 61 10 - 8 21 4 - 3 170 89 81 2 - 2 • • • - 29 29 9 51 - - - • - • - - - - - 3 3 9 9 - • - • - 4 - - - - - 157 67 189 189 2 22 22 - 538 1 1 - - - - - - • 2 - • • - - - - 538 538 297 277 37 64 32 187 187 1 - 20 36 33 1 8 144 - 130 14 70 1 2 * 22 - * 4 at end o f t a b le s . 10 1 - 5.64 5.64 98 • - * 6.42 6.59 5.93 7.32 10 10 - 4.853.80- 6 .6 6 25 15 * - 5.47 6.15 39 2 - 2 - 5.59 5.43 6 .0 0 2 1 1 - - 47 25 34 25 24 8 1 SHIPPING CLERKS ----------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------ 101 19 19 - 1 36 3 61 61 - 7 7 - T ab le A -5 . Hourly earnings of m a te ria l m ovem ent and custodial w orkers in A k ro n , O hio, D ecem b er 1 9 7 6 — Continued N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g Hourly ea mings 4 S S I J s $ S $ I s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— $ 1 $ S i $ S $ T --------- i $ S 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 5.00 5.40 5.80 6.20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.80 O ccu p a tio n and in d u s try d iv is io n workers J S Number Mean 2 M edian 2 M iddle range 2 and u n der 8 .2 0 and 2.30 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60. 5.00 5,4Q 5.80 6.20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.60 8 .2 0 over A L L W O RKERS— C O N T IN U E D P O W E R -T R U C K OPERATORS (O T H E R $ $ $ $ 8 6.10- 6.53 .3 J A N I T O R S , P O R T E R S , AND C L E A N E R S -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- --------- ------- S e e fo o tn o te s 2,297 1,309 A.37 5.49 4.76 5.64 2.74- 5.77 5.A5- 5.94 2.30- 3.01 112 - 188 3 148 - 200 14 106 63 101 10 10 1 23 10 1J at end o f t a b le s . 117 23 9 11 8 42 41 1 41 16 65 61 56 52 77 66 543 540 425 395 9 7 63 62 1 3 - - - - Table A -6. Average hourly earnings of m aintenance, toolroom , powerplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and custodial workers, by sex, in Akron, Ohio, December 1976 S ex, 3 N um ber of w orkers o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n , toolro o m , O C C U P A T IO N S - m a in t e n a n c e PO W E R PLAN T A verage (m ean1 ) h ourly e arn in gs4 N um ber of workers S e x , 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n A verage (m e a n ^ ) hourly earnings 4 M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT AND C U S T O D IA L O C C U P A T IO N S - MEN— C O N T IN U E D ano MEN $ n H1 I t ' l Wn v t v M *'* U tl 1 L i t J $ 1 1¥ f H tU iU F | KUVwiS • ^^ "" "■ 130 n A I N 1w r iA fi v t . 1 A ln lC K j V 1K A l L t r ' ) * " " " u 679 6*87 6*87 M E C H A N IC S (M A C H IN E R Y ) - 803 6.92 511 121 M A IN T E N A N C E 7.47 6.83 T R U C K D R IV E R S t HEAVY TR U C K 45 25 5.56 5.43 1JJ A32 M A IN T E N A N C E sh ee t - m etal w orkers 107 — 7.11 7 9' U K U tK ■*A A n 1 C rl vC» 11, A U C ^ »1C C 1 r IL L C K o m m 1 1 51 5.73 'w i JJ i JJ w 1A 1 1 U t i A * ' T ™ ® 7.03 * (• UJ i Jc O C C U P A T IO N S - MEN P O W E R -T R U C K ’ p U B L ic U T IL iT IE S --------- — ----------------- OPERATORS (O T H E R 3J t J A N l 1 U “ *>| r v K Itn jf ANU v L t A I 'l t K i * _____ S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le s . 10 5.05 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for em ploym ent shifts, in Akron, Ohio, for selected periods In du st r y and o c c u p a t i o n a l gr o u p ( m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d ) D e c e m b e r 1972 to D e c e m b e r 1973 A l l industries: O f f i c e c l e r i c a l __________________________________________ _ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g ____________________________ I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s _______________________________ _ S ki ll ed m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * ______________________ U n s k il le d plant w o r k e r s * * _______________ ____________ 6.4 * 5.3 6.5 7.7 M anufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g ______________ _ _ __________ I n d u s t ri a l n u r s e s ___________________________ _____ S k il le d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * ________ ___ _____ U n s k i l le d plant w o r k e r s * * _____ ____________ ________ 5. 6 * 5.4 5.8 7.1 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ____________________________________________ E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g ____________________________ I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ___________________________ _____________ Sk i l le d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s * * _____ ________________ U n s k i ll e d plant w o r k e r s * * ........ .........— ____ * ** *** Data not a v a i l a b l e . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s f o r p e r i o d s en di ng p r i o r to Data do not m e e t p u b lic a ti o n c r i t e r i a . D e c e m b e r 1973 to D e c e m b e r 1974 D e c e m b e r 1974 to D e c e m b e r 1975 D e c e m b e r 1975 to D e c e m b e r 1976 9.1 7.7 7.6 7.5 8.4 6. 9 8.8 *** 6.1 13.5 *** *** *** 7.8 8 .2 11.8 5.6 7.5 5.0 10.6 7.3 7.5 * 6.2 6.8 8.0 6.3 5.9 7.7 5.2 6.5 1976 r e l a t e to m e n on ly . 11 6.0 10.8 10.4 11.4 13.7 11.4 11.7 14.2 13.2 *** *** 9.0 *** *** *** 6.0 8.8 *** B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Table B-1. Minim um entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Akron, Ohio, December 1976 In e x p e r i e n c e d t y p i s t s M a n u f a c t u ri n g M in im u m w eek ly stra ig h t-tim e s a l a r y 4 All O t h e r in e x p e r i e n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g B a s e d on st a n d a rd w e e k l y h o u r s All s ch ed u l es 40 6 All s c h ed u le s M a n u f a c tu r i n g of- B a s e d on sta n d ar d w e e k l y h ou rs AH All s c h ed u le s 40 5 N o n m a n u f actur ing 40 All s c h e d u le s 6 of 40 ESTABLISHMENTS S T U D I E D --------------------- 138 58 XXX 80 XXX 138 58 XXX 80 XXX ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING a s R t C I F l E D MINIMUM ---------------------------------------------------- 31 16 15 15 10 51 23 22 28 18 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - . - - 4 1 1 1 * " 1 1 7 4 3 1 1 - 3 5 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 * * “ * - S B ? . 50 $85.00 $87.50 590.00 $92.50 $95.00 597.50 AND AND AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDcP UNDER * 8 5 . 0 0 ------------------* 8 7 . 5 0 ------------------$ 9 n . 0 u ------------------$ 9 2 . 5 0 ------------- --— * 9 5 . 0u ------------------* 9 7 . 5 0 ------------------5 1 0 0 . 0 0 ----------------- 5 1 0 0 . 0 0 AN0 UNDER 5 1 0 5 . 0 0 --------------5 1 0 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 1 0 . 0 0 --------------5 1 1 0 . 0 0 AND U.mDER 5 1 1 5 . 0 0 --------------5 1 1 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 3 0 . 0 0 --------------5 1 2 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 2 5 . 0 0 --------------5 1 2 = . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 3 0 . 0 0 --------------5 1 3 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 3 5 . 0 0 -------------5 1 3 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 4 0 . 0 0 — ---------5 1 4 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 4 5 . 0 0 --------------5 1 4 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 5 0 . 0 ' J --------------5 1 5 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 5 5 . 0 0 --------------$ 15 C •00 AND UNDER 5 1 6 0 . 0 0 --------------5 1 6 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 6 5 . 0 0 --------------S 1 6 5 .0 Q AND UNDER 5 1 7 0 . 0 0 ----- --------5 1 7 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 7 5 . 0 0 --------------5 1 7 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 8 0 . 0C --------------s i a o . o o a n d u n d e r s i b s . oo --------------S 1 P 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 1 9 0 . 0 0 — — ----$ 1 9 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 1 9 5 . 0 0 — ----------$ 1 9 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 2 0 0 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 0 0 . 0 0 AND UNOER $ 2 0 5 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 0 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 2 1 0 . 0 0 --------------5 2 1 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 2 1 5 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 1 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 2 2 0 . C U --------------$ 2 2 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 2 2 5 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 2 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 2 3 0 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 3 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER 5 2 3 5 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 3 5 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 2 4 0 . 0 0 --------------$ 2 4 0 . 0 0 AND UNDER $ 2 4 5 . 0 0 ----------- — 4 - 1 1 1 1 3 3 - 3 3 1 1 2 1 y 3 3 3 3 3 6 1 1 1 4 - 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 - - 4 3 - 3 - 1 1 “ “ i 2 2 4 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - * - * * * * * * “ - * - 1 - - 1 - ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO S P E C I F I E D MINIMUM ----------------------------------------------------- 12 ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY WORKERS IN TH I S CATEGORY ------------------- 95 * - 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 • I • . . • 1 1 | ! i i • i - - 1 1 1 1 4 • • • - 4 • • • - 1 1 . • - • - 1 1 • * 1 i - • 1 - - - 6 XXX 6 XXX 37 23 XXX 14 XXX 36 XXX 59 XXX 50 12 XXX 38 XXX at end o f t a b le s . 6 3 - * - 3 - 1 1 2 - 1 - - - 1 1 2 1 S e e fo o tn o te s 1 12 Table B -2 . Late shift pay provisions for fu ll-tim e m a n u factu rin g plant w orkers in A kro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1976 ^ A l^ J u U - ^ im e >m a n u fa c tu r in g j3 la n t_ w o r k e r s = 1 0 0 j3 ercen t2 i A ll workers 7 W o r k e r s on la t e shifts Item S ec on d sh ift T h i r d sh if t S ec on d sh ift T h i r d sh ift W I T H L A T l SH IF T P R O V I S I O N S ------ 97.A 87.A 23.7 1A.3 W I T H N O PA Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T WO R K -----W I T H PA Y D I F F E R E N T I A L FO R L A T t S H I F T W O R K --------U N I F O R M C E N T S - P F R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L --------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L -------------------O T H E R D I F F E R E N T I A L ------------------------------------ A.7 92 . 7 TO.8 21 . 0 .9 1.1 86.3 63 . 9 19.5 2.9 1.0 22.7 16.6 5.9 .2 .1 1A .3 10.A 3.A .A 13.6 5.8 16.6 9.1 13.7 5.7 15.7 9.A 2.0 1.5 .9 1. A .8 7.A 11.9 2.1 2.8 - P E R C E N T OE W O R K E R S IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S A V E R A G E PA Y D I F F E R E N T I A L U N I F O R M C F N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L ----------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------------P E R C E N T OF W O R K E R S BY T Y P E AND A M O U N T OF PA Y D I F F E R E N T I A L U N I F O R M CENTS-PFR-rlOURS 3 C E N T S ----------------------------------------------5 AND U N D E R * C E N T S ------------------------------6 C E N T S ----------------------------------------------7 C E N T S ----------------------------------------------a AN D U N D E R 9 C E N T S ------------------------------9 C E N T S ----------------------------------------------in C E N T S --------------------------------------------11 AN D U N D E R 12 C E N T S --- ------------------------12 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------13 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------1 A C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------15 AND U N D E R 16 C E N T S — ---------------------------------- 17 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------18 AND U N D ^ R 19 C E N T S ---------------------------------------19 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------20 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------25 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------AO C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGES 2 AND U N D E R 3 P E R C E N T ---------------------------------------A P E R C E N T -------------------------------------------------------------5 P E R C E N T -------------------------------------------------------------7 AN D U N D E R a P E R C E N T ---------------------------------------10 P E R C E N T -----------------------------------------------------------12 AND U N D E R 13 P E R C E N T ------------------------------------- S ee fo o t n o t e s _ 1.8 17.7 3.0 12.9 - 3.3 1.2 - .9 .9 1.5 7.A 8.5 2.1 1.0 .5 l.A 13.7 - 12.9 .A 3.6 3.9 A.9 .5 - 17.6 - - 1.3 1.5 at end o f t a b le s . 13 .5 6.A 12.2 .A .A .A .1 .2 .1 2.2 2.1 .6 .6 . .A A.6 .7 3.2 .4 .A - - <9> - .A 1.6 .9 .5 .2 .1 (9) 3.3 - 1.9 - .5 .6 .A .1 - 5.0 - - .5 .3 .1 .6 2. 6 .1 Table B -3 . Scheduled w e e k ly hours and days of fu ll-tim e firs t-s h ift w orkers in A kron, O hio, D ecem ber 1976 Pl ant w o r k e r s O ffi ce w o r k e r s Item A l l in dustries M anu facturin g Non manufacturing P u b li c utilities A l l industries Manufa ctur ing No nm anufacturing P u b li c utilities P E R C E N T O F W O R K E R S ay S C H E D U L E D W E E K L Y H O U R S AN D DAYS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 H O U R S — 4 DA YS -------------------------------------28 H O U R S - 5 DA YS -------------------------------------28 3/4 H O U R S - 5 D A YS ------------------------------33 H O U R S - 5 DA YS -------------------------------------35 H O U R S - 5 D A YS -------------------------------------36 H O U R S ---------------------------------------------------5 DA Y S -------------------------------------------------6 CA Y S -------------------------------------------------36 1/3 H O U R S - 5 DA Y S ------------------------------36 1/2 H O U R S - 5 DA Y S ------------------------------37 H O U R S - 5 DA YS ------------------------------37 1/2 H O U R S - 5 DA Y S -----------------------37 3/4 H O U R S - 5 DA Y S -----------------------38 1/2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S -----------------------38 3/4 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S -----------------------40 H O U R S -----------------------------------------4 CA Y S ---------------------------------------5 CA Y S ---------------------------------------42 H O U R S -----------------------------------------5 C A Y S ---------------------------------------6 C A YS — ---------------- ---- — ----- -----4 5 H O U R S ---------------------------------- -----------------------5 DA YS -------------------------------------------------------5 1 / 2 D A YS ------------------------------------------------ (10) (10) (10) 1 1 13 12 1 (10) - (10) (1C) 1 3 - - - _ * * 4 * * * * * ” * * * ( 10) “ ------------------------------------------H O U R S - 6 DA Y S ------------------------------------------H O U R S ----------------------------------------------------------5 D A YS -------------------------------------------------------6 D A YS -------------------------------------------------------- 2 1 2 ALL EU L L - T I Mt' W O R K E R S --------------------- 46 48 50 HOURS—6 CAYS 19 4 17 2 (10) “ 2 “ " 2 ” ~ - * 3 - - 1 1 - 1 72 £ 1 (10) 1 (1C) - - - 11 (10) 88 - - * 74 4 88 88 * 99 5 69 “ 69 * * * * * * * * * — * * * * * * * 4 4 4 (10) ( 1C) 3 “ * 7 - 2 * 12 - 2 1 - 2 99 1 - - 8a * 3 * 2 - 74 5 1 (10) 1 3 1 - 1 - - * “ * (1 0 ) - 72 1 71 2 2 73 * * 1 2 (10) 1 100 (10) * 99 99 * - (10) “ (10) - * (10) • 1 * * 2 * AVERAGE SCHEDULED WEEKLY ALL WE E K L Y WO R K SCHEDULES - --------------------- 39.7 39.5 40.9 4Q.0 S e e f o o tn o te at end o f ta b l e s . 14 39.7 40.0 39.2 40.1 T a b le B -4 . A nnual paid holidays for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in A kron, O hio, D ecem ber 1976 Pla n t w o rk e rs O ffic e w o rk ers Item A ll industries M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s A ll industries M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s 100 100 100 100 loo 100 loo 3 - 10 - - - • 97 100 90 100 100 loo 100 100 9 .4 9.9 8 .1 9 .8 9.3 9 .7 8.7 9.4 1 H O L I D A Y -------------------------------------------------2 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------------3 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------------4 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------------5 H O L I D A Y S ------------------------------------------------6 H O L I D A Y S ------------------------------------------------ (1 0 ) (1 0 ) (10> (1 0 ) - 1 C) _ - - 8 6 P L U S 1 HA LF r > H Y ----------------------------P L U S 2 H A LF D A Y S ---------------------------7 H O L I D A Y S -------------------------------------------P L U S I HA LF D A Y ------------ ----------------P L U S 2 HA L F D A Y S ---------------------------8 H O L I D A Y S -------------------------------------------P L U S 1 HA LF JA Y ----------------------------P L U S 3 HA LF D A Y S ---------------------------9 H O L I D A Y S -------------------------------------------P L U S 2 HA LF DA Y S ---------------------------10 h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------11 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------P L U S 1 h a l f d a y ----------------------------12 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------13 H O L l O A Y S -----------------------------------------14 H O L I D A Y S ------------------------------------------ (1 0 ) - PERCENT ALL FULL-TIME OF W O R K E R S WORKERS --------------------- IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S NOT P R O V I D I N G P A I C H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------------IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G P A ID H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------------- 100 A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF P A I D H O L I D A Y S FO R W O R K E R S IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------P E R C E N T OF WO R K E R S BY N U M B c R CF P A I D H O L I D A Y S P R O V I D E D - - 7 (1 0 ) 12 (1 0 ) 11 1 44 6 - 1 7 ( 1 - 6 7 60 5 1 C) - 1 14 (1 0 ) 12 1 23 (1 0 ) 18 2 12 6 2 37 38 23 ( - - - - - - 90 90 87 73 60 38 20 20 6 - 100 loo loo 100 98 98 61 61 23 - 1 10 . ( 10 ( 10 ) ) 4 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 5 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 10 1 30 1 42 1 2 1 3 1 1 d o ) 4 3 25 • 61 1 (10> 4 1 • ( 10 ( 10 ) > - 8 1 7 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 23 2 39 2 11 • 5 2 1 - • 6 23 • 7 20 27 17 . - P E R C E N T OF W O R K E R S BY TO TA L P A I D H O L I D A Y TI ME P R O V I U E u 1 1 2 DA Y S OR MORE ------------------------------------3 DA Y S OR M O R E ------------------------------------6 DA YS OR MORE -------------------------7 DA Y S OR MORE------------ -— ------- — 8 DA YS OR MORE -------------------------9 D A YS OR MORE -------------------------9 1/2 D A Y S OR MO R E --------------------10 D A Y S OR MORE----------- ---- -------11 D A Y S OR MORE ------------------------11 1/2 D A Y S OR MORE----------- -------12 D A Y S OR MORE ------------------------13 D A Y S OR MORE ------------------------14 D A Y S ----------------------------------- 97 97 96 87 80 69 58 58 13 8 8 8 7 100 100 100 94 90 84 76 76 17 11 11 11 10 S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f t a b le s . 15 100 99 99 96 91 81 51 50 7 6 4 3 1 loo loo 100 99 95 92 67 67 6 5 5 5 1 100 99 99 92 84 61 22 20 7 7 2 1 100 100 100 100 94 71 51 44 17 17 _ T able B -5 . Paid vacation provisions fo r fu ll-tim e w orkers in A kron, O hio, D ecem ber 1976 P la nt w o r k e r s O ffi ce w o r k e r s Item A l l industries Ma nu fa ct ur in g Nonmanufacturing P u b l i c utilities A l l industries Manufa ctu rin g No nm anufacturing P ub li c utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 52 48 86 PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL F U L L -T IM t WORKERS ----------------------- 100 IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING PAID VACATIONS ----------------------------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID VACATIONS ----------------------------------------LENGTH-OF-TIME PAYMENT ------------ — — p e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ----------------:-------— 99 63 36 AMOUNT OF PAID 6 1 VACATION YEAR OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------- 2 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------OVER 1 ANO UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS -----------3 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------3 YEARS OF SERVICE! ] WEEK ---------------------------------------------------OVER 1 ANO UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS --------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER 4 wEE k S --------------4 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK --------------------------------------------------------------OVER 1 ANO UNDER 2 WEEKS —----------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS --------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS --------------5 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK --------------------------------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS --------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS --------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS --------------- 100 100 100 99 (10) 99 (10) 100 100 2 1 24 - 26 26 10 10 10 (1 0 ) * (10> 4 3 14 3 16 11 - - - - - 49 39 7 55 70 26 9 63 32 52 8 41 28 6 60 b (1 0 ) t o 2 (1 0 ) lb 1 1 (1 0 ) 6 3 73 lb 1 (1 0 ) - 63 37 “ 12 - 5 5 73 16 3 73 34 37 29 12 14 5 5 72 17 1 “ 1 1 42 45 32 5 59 1 2 . - 6 17 1 82 3 (1 0 ) 96 1 (1 0 ) 63 37 (10) (1 0 ) 95 4 * 75 13 (10) (10) (10) 7 93 • 2 8 - - 63 37 75 13 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) (10) (10) 95 4 * - 64 15 17 (1 0 ) 63 37 (10) (10) 43 2 55 (1 0 ) 16 34 2 64 32 23 27 4 69 4 1 98 * 92 3 (10> (10) 96 - 96 4 * 2 96 4 1 1 - * 1 * (10) 95 5 (10) (10) 94 5 - - 96 2 96 4 1 1 - " 1 * - - 70 4 24 89 4 7 1 (10) 3 27 d o ) 1 2 1 8 - at end o f ta b le s . 100 95 5 100 10 AFTER!12 MONTHS OF SERVICE! UNDER 1 WEEK --------------------------------------1 WEEK.---------------------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------- S e e fo o tn o te s 4 1 . d o ) (10) 26 d o ) 73 1 T able B -5 . Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w orkers in A kro n , O hio, D ecem ber 1 9 7 6 — Continued P la nt w o r k e r s Of fic e w o r k e r s Item A l l industries AMOUNT OF PAID CONTINUED Manuf ac tu ri ng Non manufacturing P u b l i c utilities A ll industries M anuf actur ing Nonmanufacturing P u b li c utilities VACATION AFTER1 !2 10 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------2 rfEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------------3 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS -----------12 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----------3 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS — — — — — — — — —— — OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS -----------15 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK --------------------------------------------------2 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------3 WEEKS ------------------------------------------- -----OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS ------------------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS -----------5 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------YEARS OF SERVICF: 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------2 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------3 WEEKS ------------------------------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER A ANO UNDER 5 wEEKS -----------5 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS -----------6 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------- (10) 6 8 2 3 69 16 A (1 0 ) 66 17 6 - 6 6 1 2 65 19 22 62 6 7 1 2 3 6 3 13 5 7A A 1 1 21 5 6A 7 (10) 76 13 (10) (10) 63 37 - 7 (1 0 ) 73 13 3 (1 0 ) 63 37 - (10> 3 1 (1 0 ) - 1 - (10) 3 36 5 AA 2 • 96 A - - (10) 3 2 2 (10) 91 A (lo ) 90 5 92 2 86 7 5 (10) 28 35 37 * - * (1 0 ) 2 8 (10) 13 (1 0 ) 30 (1 0 ) 55 2 10 2 5 - A 96 A • 1 “ 2 (10) 1 1 8A - 1 89 (10) 32 3 62 (1 0 ) 16 3 78 2 1 33 3 1 1 1 1 1 59 1 S3 A2 A - 20 25 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 W E E K ----------------------- ---------------------------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------3 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER A ANO UNDER 5 WEEKS -----------5 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 5 ANO UNDER 6 WEEKS -----------6 WEEKS ---------------------------------------- S e e fo o tn o te s 2 1 9 5 3 16 A A8 1 6 - * 1 3 - 5 15 2 10 29 (1 0 ) 23 - 6 5A 1 (10) 91 (1 0 ) 1 - 2 1 A 18 10 3A 82 - 9 85 5 3 A (1 0 ) - 1 - (10) (10) 1 1 1 1 1 57 76 19 33 6A 6 A 5 a li 37 1 (10) 17 - 1 8 16 at end o f ta b le s . 1 29 2 1 23 5 63 2 (1 0 ) 57 5 37 "" 2 31 A A7 A - 9 (10) 3 15 d o ) 3 56 1 (10) 1 - 22 6 1 16 61 29 3 A 2 1 Table B -5. Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in A kron, O hio, D ecem ber 1 9 7 6 — C ontinu ed Pl ant w o r k e r s O ffi ce w o r k e r s Item A l l industries AMOUNT OF PAI D CONTINUED Ma nu fa ct ur in g P u b l i c utilities Non man ufactu ring A l l industries Manufa ctur ing No nm anufacturing (10) Pu bl ic utilities VACATION AFTER12- 30 YEARS OF SERVICES 1 WEEK ------------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------------3 WEEKS — — — — — — — — — OVER 3 AND UNDPR 4 W E E K S --------A WEEKS ----------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS --------5 WEEKS ----------------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS --------6 WEEKS ----------------------------------OVER 6 AND UNDER 7 WEEKS — -----MAXIMUM VACATION AVAILABLE: 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------3 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS -----------5 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS -----------6 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------7 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 7 AND UNDER 8 WEEKS ------------ S e e fo o tn o te s - - 1 9 5 10 9 (10) (10) 25 (10) 3 5 (10) 28 2 1 16 9 1 - 42 (10) 63 (10> (10) 3 5 27 64 (10) (10) 3 15 A 30 21 1 1 1 - 30 5 23 53 37 3A 33 3 A5 11 — 1 1 * * - - 3 15 A 30 — (1 0 ) 2 10 - (10> 9 21 53 37 - (10) 24 2 1 9 5 2 1 16 9 8 1 1 1 30 33 3 A5 23 - - 5 3A 1 8 11 1 at end o f t a b le s . 1 2 - 2 18 1 1 43 (10) (10) 1 - 22 6 1 41 49 4 “ 48 1 19 3 5 - (10) 1 - 22 6 1 41 49 4 - 48 1 18 3 5 1 Table B -6. H e a lth , insurance, and pension plans for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in A kron, Ohio, D ecem b er 1976 P la n t w o r k e r s O f f ic e w o r k e r s It e m A l l in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g P u b lic u t ilit ie s A l l in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 100 100 100 P u b lic u t ilit ie s PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FU LL -TI ME WORKERS ----------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING AT LEAST ONE OF THE BENEFITS SHOWN BELOW13----------------------------------------------- 99 100 96 100 99 loo 99 100 L I F E INSURANCE --------------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 96 87 99 95 89 71 loo 99 100 88 99 98 99 72 100 ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE ----------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 83 74 90 84 68 73 73 86 90 53 77 86 79 60 79 69 SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR SICK LEAVE OR BOTH14------------------------- 94 99 84 92 89 90 87 94 87 80 97 92 68 70 70 74 69 87 57 86 50 40 63 63 SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE ----------------------------------------- -------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS --------------------SICK LEAVE (FULL PAY AND NO WAITING PERIOD) — -------------------------------SICK LEAVE (P ART IA L PAY OR WAITING PERIOD) ------------------------------------ 100 8 1 23 42 67 69 64 84 4 2 9 9 4 - 10 9 LONG-TERM D I S A B I L I T Y INSURANCE ----------------------------------------- — -------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS -------------------------- 18 16 24 8 6 22 3 6 63 50 79 60 34 31 26 26 HO SP IT A LI ZA TI O N INSURANCE --------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 97 84 99 95 95 64 100 99 83 99 97 99 59 100 SURGICAL INSURANCE -----------------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 97 84 99 95 94 62 100 99 83 99 98 99 59 100 MEDICAL INSURANCE --------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS -------- ------ ---------- 96 84 99 95 90 62 100 99 83 99 98 99 59 100 MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE ------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------- ------ 83 71 84 80 79 52 100 99 80 99 92 99 59 100 DENTAL INSURANCE ------------------- --------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 24 24 19 18 35 35 68 13 21 68 16 14 11 18 56 56 RETIREMENT PENSION -----------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------------------------- 85 83 94 93 68 94 94 94 82 98 84 89 80 96 96 See fo o tn o te s 98 98 98 98 64 a t end o f t a b le s . 19 94 94 94 94 Footnotes A l l o f th ese standa rd f o o tn o te s m a y not apply to this b ulletin. L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. 11 A l l c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the s am e amount a r e c om b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a to tal o f 10 days includes th ose with 10 full days and no h a lf d ay s, 9 full days and 2 ha lf d ay s, 8 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d ay s, and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s then w e r e cumulate d. 12 Includes p ay m e n ts ot h e r than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n ts, c o n v e r t e d to an e qu iv ale n t tim e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p l e , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e chosen a r b i t r a r i l y and do not -ne c e s sar i ly r e f l e c t in div id ual p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e , changes in p r o p o r tio n s at 10 y e a r s includa changes b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s are cumu lative. Thus , the p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay afte r 10 y e a rs in clud es those e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f te r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 13 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f te r type o f b e n e fit a r e f o r all plans f o r which at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b or n e by the e m p l o y e r . "N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s " include on ly th ose fin a n c ed e n t i r e l y by the e m p l o y e r . Excluded a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans, such as w o r k e r s d i s a b i l i t y c om p en sation , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . 14 Un du plic ated tota l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s ickn ess and a c c id en t insuran ce shown s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . Sick l e a v e plans ar e l i m i t e d to those wh ich d e f i n i t e l y e s ta b lis h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m number of d a y s ' pay that each e m p l o y e e can e x p e c t. I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e allo w anc e s d e te r m i n e d on an ind iv id u al b a s is a r e exclud ed . 9 10 1 Standard hours r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r wh ich e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f pay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u la r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w e e k l y hours. 2 T h e m e a n is com pute d f o r each jo b by to talin g the e a r n in g s o f all w o r k e r s and d i v id in g by the number o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n d e s ig n a te s positio n— h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e m o r e and ha lf r e c e i v e l e s s than the r a te shown. T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e fin e d by two r a t e s o f pay: a fourth of the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the l o w e r o f th ese r a te s and a fourth e a r n m o r e than the h ig h e r r a te . 3 E a r n in g s data r e l a t e on ly to w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x i d e n tific a tio n was p r o v i d e d by the e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid ays , and la te s hifts . 5 F o r m a l l y e s ta b l i s h e d m i n i m u m r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h i r i n g s a l a r i e s that a r e paid f o r sta ndard w o r k w e e k s . 6 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r . 7 Data are p r e s e n t e d f o r all standard w o r k w e e k s com b in ed , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n standard w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 8 Includ es all plant w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t l y o p e r a ti n g late shif ts , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r late shifts , e v en though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a ti n g late shif ts . 20 Appendix A A r e a w a g e and r e l a t e d b e n e fits data a r e ob ta in ed by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u re a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . 1 In each o f the i n t e r v e n in g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n on e m p l o y m e n t and oc c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s is c o l l e c t e d b y a c om b in atio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and te le p h on e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s t a b lis h m e n ts p a r ti c i p a ti n g in the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . a l l i n d u s tr ie s c om b ined . E a r n in g s data f o r s o m e o f the occupations l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s within the s c op e o f the s u r v e y , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e ca u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in the oc c up atio n is to o s m a l l to p r o v i d e enough data to m e r i t p re s e n ta ti o n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u al e s ta b lis h m e n t data. S e p a r a te m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n in g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d when the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s not i d e n t i f i e d by s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w o m e n i d e n t i f i e d in an occupation. E a r n in g s data not shown s e p a r a t e l y f o r ind us try d i v i s i o n s a r e in c lu d e d in data f o r a l l i n d u s tr ie s com b ined . L i k e w i s e , data a r e in c lu d e d in the o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n when a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f e l e c t r o n i c s t e c h n i c i a n s , s e c r e t a r i e s , o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is not shown o r i n f o r m a t i o n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a i l a b l e . In e a c h o f the 8 4 2 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , data a r e obta ined f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s ta b lis h m e n ts with in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv i s i o n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g; tr a n s p o r t a t i o n , c om m u n ic a tio n , and o t h e r publi c u t i l i t ie s ; w h olesale trade; r e t a i l tr a d e ; fin a n c e, i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r in d u s try gro ups exc lu d e d f r o m th e s e studies a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n stru c tio n and e x t r a c t i v e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts havin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e ca u s e c f i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the occupations studied. S e p a r a te tabulations a r e p r o v i d e d f o r each o f the b ro a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s wh ich m e e t p ub lication c riteria . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e shown f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th os e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y schedule. E a r n in g s data e xc lu d e p r e m i u m p ay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h if ts . N on p r od u c tio n b on uses a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g allo w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b on uses a r e included. W e e k l y ho ur s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l oc c u p atio n s r e f e r to the standard w o r k w e e k (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a l f ho u r ) f o r w h ich e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p ay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r th es e occupations a r e rounded to the n e a r e s t ha lf d o l l a r . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e con du cted on a s a m p l e b a s i s . T h e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e ta ile d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w it h in the s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y by in d u s tr y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m this s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p le is s e l e c t e d , w ith each e s t a b l i s h m e n t ha ving a p r e d e t e r m i n e d chance o f s e l e c t i o n . T o obtain o p tim u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n ts is s e l e c t e d . Wh en data a r e com b in e d , eac h e s ta b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d i n g to its p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n , so that un biased e s t i m a t e s a r e g e n e r a t e d . F o r e x a m p l e , i f one out o f f o u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e l e c t e d , it is g i v e n a w e i g h t o f fou r to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus th r e e o t h e r s . An a lte r n a t e o f the s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y is cho sen in the s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i catio n i f data a r e not a v a i l a b l e f r o m the o r i g i n a l s a m p le m e m b e r . I f no s u it ab le substitute is a v a i l a b l e , ad d itio n al w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to the m i s s i n g unit. Occupations and e arn in g s O c c up atio n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m an u f a c tu r i n g and nonm anu fa cturin g in d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w i n g ty p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (3 ) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s tod ial. O c c u p ation al c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i fo r m set o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to tak e account o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in duties within the s a m e job. O c c u p a tion s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in ap pendix B. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d ic a te d , the e a r n in g s data f o l l o w i n g the jo b t i t l e s a r e f o r 1 2 1 Personal visits w e re on a 2 -y e a r c y c le b efo re July 1972. 2 In clu d ed in the 84 areas are 14 studies condu cted b y the Bureau under contract. O h io; A u stin , T e x .; Bingham ton, N . Y . —P a . ; Th ese areas are A k ron , B irm in gh am , A l a . ; Fort L a u d erd ale—H o lly w o o d and W est P a lm Beach— Boca R aton , F la . ; L e x in g to n —F a y e tte , K y .; M elb ou rn e— T it u s v ille —C o c o a , F la .; N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B each— Portsmouth and N ew p o rt N e w s —H am pton, V a . —N . C. ; P ou gh keepsie—K in gston — N ew burgh, N . Y . ; R a le ig h — D urham , N . C . ; a d d ition , the Stam ford , Bureau C o n n .; conducts Syracuse, m ore lim it e d N .Y . ; area U tic a — R o m e, studies in N .Y .; and W estch ester County, a p p ro x im a te ly 100 areas at the N .Y . In request o f the E m p lo ym en t Standards A d m in istra tio n o f the U. S. D ep artm en t o f Labor. 21 T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f oc c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s in .an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f in d iv id u a l oc c u p atio n al a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e cha nges. T h e a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l job s a r e a f f e c t e d b y changes in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a tte r n s . F o r e x a m p l e , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by hig h- o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y chan ge, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d vance to b e t t e r jo b s and be r e p l a c e d by new w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a te s . Such shifts in e m p l o y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an oc c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e e v e n though m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s dur ing the y e a r . Chan ges in e a r n in g s o f oc c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , shown in ta b le A - 7, a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e a r n in g s changes f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s w it h in the g ro u p s. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w i d e e s t i m a t e s . I n d u s tr ie s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p ay l e v e l and job s ta ffin g , and thus con tr ib ute d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r eac h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l am ong job s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . A v e r a g e pay l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d oc c up atio ns should not be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in pay o f the s e x e s within in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h ich m a y con trib ute to d i f f e r e n c e s in clud e p r o g r e s s i o n with in e s t a b l i s h e d r a te r a n g e s (on ly the r a te s paid incum bents a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c duties w ith in the g e n e r a l s u r v e y job d e s c r i p t i o n s . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s used to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s u sually a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th o s e used in ind iv id u al e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c i f i c duties p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p ation al e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to tal in all e s t a b l i s h m e n ts within the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b e r ac tu a ll y s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e s amon g e s t a b lis h m e n ts d i f f e r , e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t obta in ed f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts studied s e r v e on ly to in d ic ate the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f the job s studied. These d i f f e r e n c e s in oc c u p atio n al s t r u c tu r e do not affe c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s data. P e r c e n t changes f o r ind iv id u al a r e a s as f o l l o w s : in the p r o g r a m are com puted 1. E ach oc c up atio n is a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r tio n a te e m p l o y m e n t in the oc c u p a tio n a l gro up in the b as e y e a r . 2. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e used to compute g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a ti o n 's a v e r a g e (m e a n ) e a r n in g s is m u ltip lie d by its w e ig h t. T h e prod ucts a r e t o t a l e d to obtain a group ave r a g e . 3. T h e ra tio o f group a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s is com p uted by d iv id in g the a v e r a g e f o r the c u r re n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e res u lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 is the p e r c e n t change. W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l gro ups The p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on changes in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s f o r e s ta b l i s h m e n ts r e p o r t i n g the t r e n d job s in both the c u r re n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e ad juste d to r e m o v e the e f f e c t on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p l o y m e n t shifts amon g e s t a b lis h m e n ts and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts included in s u r v e y sam ples. T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a f f e c t e d by f a c t o r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a ffe c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an oc c up atio n wh en w o r k e r s a r e paid under plans p r o v i d i n g a ran g e o f w a g e ra te s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , new e m p l o y e e s e n t e r at the b o tt o m o f the r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g the a v e r a g e without a change in w a g e r a te s . F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d ' d e s c r i p t i o n o f the m e t h o d used to com pute th e s e w a g e t r e n d s , see " I m p r o v i n g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M on th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , J an uary 1973, pp. 52-57. E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T h e p e r c e n t changes r e l a t e to w a g e changes b e tw e e n the i n d ic a te d d ate s. When the t i m e span b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r than 12 m onths, annual r a te s a r e shown. (It is a s s u m e d that w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a constant rate b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . ) O ccupation s used to com pute w a g e tr e n d s a r e : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l (m en and w om en): Secretaries Stenographers, gen eral Sten ograph ers, sen ior T y p i s t s , c l a s s e s A and B F ile cle rk s , classes A, B , and C M essengers O r d e r c le rk s , classes A and B Ac c ou n tin g c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B ookkeepin g-m achin e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o l l clerks Keypun ch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B T ab u la t in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g (m en and w o m e n ) : C om puter system s a n a ly s ts , c l a s s e s A , B, and C E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g (m en and w o m e n ) — Continued C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C I n d u s tr ia l n u rs e s (m en and w o m en ): R e g i s t e r e d i n d u s tr ia l n u rs e s S k i l l e d m ain te n an c e (m en and w o m e n ) : C a rp e n te rs E lect ricians Painters M a c h in is t s M echanics (m ach in ery) M e c h a n ic s ( m o t o r v e h i c l e ) P ip efitters T o o l and die m a k e r s U n s k i l l e d plant (m en and w om en ): J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and cleaners M a t e r i a l ha ndling l a b o r e r s T h e in c i d e n c e o f s e l e c t e d e s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry w a g e p r o v i s i o n s is stu died f o r plant w o r k e r s and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . P lant w o r k e r s in clude n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s en g ag ed in n o n o ff ic e fu nctions. ( C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and route w o r k e r s a r e exc lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r i e s , but i n c lu d e d in n o n m an u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s . ) O f f i c e w o r k e r s in clude n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d fu nctions. L e a d w o r k e r s and t r a i n e e s a r e in clud ed amon g n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s and c on s t ru c tio n w o r k e r s u t i l i z e d as s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m both the plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r c a t e g o r i e s . M i n i m u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s (table B - l ) . M i n i m u m e n tr a n ce s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e l a t e o n ly to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p tim u m s a m p lin g te c h n iqu e s used and the p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m en ts a r e m o r e l i k e l y than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to ha ve f o r m a l entran ce ra te s above the s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l , the t a b le is m o r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m and l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s — m a n u fa c tu rin g (tab le B - 2 ) . Data w e r e c o l l e c t e d on p o l i c i e s o f m a n u fa c tu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n ts r e g a r d i n g pay d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r plant w o r k e r s on late s h ifts . E s ta b l i s h m e n ts c o n s i d e r e d as- having p o l i c i e s a r e th os e w h ich (1) ha ve p r o v i s i o n s in w r i t i n g c o v e r i n g the o p e r a t i o n o f late s h ifts , o r (2) ha ve o p e r a t e d late shifts at any t i m e dur ing the 12 months preceding a survey. W hen e s t a b lis h m e n ts h a ve s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t i a l s which v a r y b y jo b , the d i f f e r e n t i a l ap p lyin g to the m a j o r i t y o f the plant w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d . When e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ha ve d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h i c h ap ply on ly to c e rta in ho ur s o f w o r k , the d i f f e r e n t i a l ap ply ing to the m a j o r i t y o f the shift hours is recorded. F o r p u r p o s e s o f this study, a la te shift is e i t h e r a s eco nd ( e v e n i n g ) shift w h ic h ends at o r n e a r m id n igh t o r a t h i r d (night ) shift wh ich s ta r ts at o r n e a r m id n igh t. D i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r s e c o n d and t h i r d shifts a r e s u m m a r i z e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r (1) e s ta b l i s h m e n t p o l i c i e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e i g h t e d by 22 a l l plant w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m e n t at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y ) and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t 's d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e ig h te d by plant w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on the s p e c i f i e d shift at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y ) . w h ic h the e m p l o y e r has c on trib uted , o r (3) b or n e d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r out o f o p e r a t i n g funds o r a fund set asid e to c o v e r the cost. A plan is in clud ed e v e n though a m a j o r i t y o f the e m p l o y e e s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t do not choose to p a r t i c i p a t e in it b e ca u s e th ey a r e r e q u i r e d to b e a r p art o f its cost ( p r o v i d e d the c h o ic e to p a r t i c i p a t e is a v a i l a b l e o r w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e to a m a j o r i t y ) . L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans such as s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , r a i l road r e t i r e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p en s a tio n , and t e m p o r a r y d is a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e 3 a r e exclu d ed . Sc h ed u le d w e e k l y hours; p aid h o lid a y s ; p aid v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and pe n s io n p l a n s . P r o v i s i o n s w h ic h ap p ly to a m a j o r i t y o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t a r e c o n s i d e r e d to ap ply to all plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m e n t; a p r a c t i c e o r p r o v i s i o n is c o n s i d e r e d no ne xis te n t when it ap p li es to l e s s than a m a j o r i t y . H o lid a y s ; v a c a t i o n s ; and healt h, in s u r a n c e , and p e ns io n plans a r e c o n s i d e r e d ap p lic a b le to e m p l o y e e s c u r r e n t l y e l i g i b l e f o r the b e n e fits as w e l l as to e m p l o y e e s who w ill even tually b eco m e e ligib le. A c c i d e n t a l death and d i s m e m b e r m e n t is l i m i t e d to plans which p r o v i d e b e n e f i t p ay m e n ts in c as e o f death o r lo s s o f lim b o r sight' as a d i r e c t r e s u lt o f an accid en t. Sched uled w e e k l y hours and days (tab le B - 3 ) . Sched ule d w e e k l y ho ur s and days r e f e r to the n u m b e r o f hours and days p e r w e e k wh ich f u l l t i m e f i r s t (d ay) shift w o r k e r s a r e e x p e c te d to w o r k , w h e t h e r paid f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e ra te s . S ic k n e s s and accid en t in s u r a n c e inclu des on ly th ose plans w h ich p r o v i d e that p r e d e t e r m i n e d cas h p ay m ents be m ad e d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s who l o s e t i m e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s o r in ju r y , e . g . , $ 5 0 a w e e k f o r up to 26 w e e k s o f d is a b i l i ty . P a i d ho lid a ys (table B - 4 ) . H o lid a y s a r e included on ly i f th ey a r e g r a n te d annually on a f o r m a l b as is ( p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m o r e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s tom ) and e m p l o y e e s a r e p aid f o r the t i m e o f f . T hey are in clud ed e v e n though in a p a r t i c u l a r y e a r th ey f a l l on a no nw o rk d ay and e m p l o y e e s a r e not g ra n te d another day off. S ic k l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l plans 4 whic h p r o v i d e f o r continuing an e m p l o y e e ' s pay dur ing a b sence f r o m w o r k b e ca use o f i l l n e s s . Data c o l l e c t e d d is ting uis h b e tw e e n (1) plans wh ich p r o v i d e full pay with no w a it in g p e r i o d , and (2) plans whic h e i t h e r p r o v i d e p a r t i a l pay o r r e q u i r e a w a itin g p e r i o d . Data a r e ta bulate d to show the p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s who (1) a r e g ran te d s p e c i f i c n u m b e rs o f w h o le and h a lf ho lid a ys and (2) a r e g ra n te d s p e c i f i e d amounts o f t o ta l h o lid a y t i m e (w hole and h a lf ho lid ays a r e a g g r e g a t e d ) . L o n g - t e r m d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n ce plans p r o v i d e pay ments to to ta lly d is a b le d e m p l o y e e s upon the e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e i r paid s ick l e a v e and/or s i c k ness and ac c id en t i n s u r a n c e , o r a f t e r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p e r i o d o f d is a b ility ( t y p i c a l l y 6 m on th s ). P a y m e n t s a r e m ad e until the end o f the d i s a b i l i t y , a m a x i m u m a g e , o r e l i g i b i l i t y f o r r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f its . F ull o r partial p ay m en ts a r e a l m o s t alw a y s r ed u c e d by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p en s a tio n , and p r i v a t e p e ns ion b e n e fits p ay ab le to the d is a b le d e m p l o y e e . P a i d v ac a tio n s (table B - 5 ) . E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t t h e i r m eth od o f ca lc u la tin g v a c a t i o n pay ( tim e b a s i s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t , e t c . ) and the amount o f v a c a tio n p ay g ran te d . O n ly b a s i c f o r m a l plans a r e r e p o r t e d . V a c a ti o n bon uses, v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s plans, and " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e fits beyo nd b a s i c plans a r e exclud ed . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n ce plans r e p o r t e d in th e s e s u r v e y s p r o v i d e fu ll o r p a r t i a l pay m e nt f o r b a s i c s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d . 3 T em p o ra ry d is a b ility insurance w h ich provides ben efits to c o v e re d workers disabled by injury or illness w h ich is not w o rk -c o n n e c te d is m andatory under State laws in C a lifo rn ia , N ew Jersey, N e w Y o rk , and Rhode F o r tabulating v a c a tio n pay g ra n te d , all p r o v i s i o n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a t i m e b a s i s . V a c a tio n pay c a lc u la te d on o t h e r than a t i m e b a s is is c o n v e r t e d to its e qu iv ale n t t i m e p e r i o d . T w o p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f o r e x a m p l e , is ta bulate d as 1 w e e k 's v a c a tio n pay. Island. Establishm ent plans w h ich m e e t on ly the le g a l requirem ents are exclu d ed from these data, but those under w h ich (1 ) em p loyers contribute m ore than is le g a lly required or (2 ) ben efits e x c e e d those s p e c ifie d in the S tate la w contribute. are inclu ded. In Rhode Island, b en efits are paid out o f a State fund to w hich o n ly e m p lo y ees In each o f the oth er three States, ben efits are paid eith er from a S tate fund or through a p riva te plan: S tate fund fin a n cin g: A l s o , p r o v i s i o n s a f t e r e ach s p e c i f i e d length o f s e r v i c e a r e r e l a t e d to a ll plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t r e g a r d l e s s o f length o f s e r v i c e . V a c a ti o n plans c o m m o n l y p r o v i d e f o r l a r g e r amount o f v a c a tio n pay as s e r v i c e le ngth en s. Counts o f plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s by length o f s e r v i c e w e r e not ob ta in e d . T h e tabulations o f v a c a tio n pay g ran te d p r e s e n t s , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t i s t i c a l m e a s u r e s o f th e s e p r o v i s i o n s r a t h e r than p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s ac tu a lly r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e f its . In C a lifo rn ia , on ly e m p lo y ees contribute to the State fund; in N e w Jersey, em p loyees and em p loyers contribu te; in N e w Y o rk , em p lo yees contribute up to a s p e c ifie d m axim u m and em ployers pay the d iffe re n c e b etw een the e m p lo y e e s ' share and the to ta l contribu tion required. P riv a te plan fin an cin g: In C a lifo rn ia and N ew Jersey, em p lo yees cannot be required to contribute m ore than they w ou ld if th ey w e re c o v e re d by the S tate fund; in N e w Y o r k , e m p lo y ees can agree to contribute m ore i f the S tate rules that the ad d ition a l con tribu tion is com m ensurate w ith the b e n e fit p rovided. F ed era l le g is la tio n (R a ilr o a d U n em p lo y m en t Insurance A c t ) provides tem porary d isa b ility insurance b en efits to railroad w oikers fo r illness or in ju ry, w h eth er w o rk -c o n n e c te d or not. Health, in s u r a n c e , and p e ns io n plans (table B - 6 ) . Health , i n s u r a n c e , and pe n s ion plans in clude plans f o r which the e m p l o y e r pays e i t h e r all o r p a r t o f the cost. T h e cost m a y be (1) u n d e r w r itte n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e com p any o r n o n p rofit o r g a n i z a t i o n , (2) c o v e r e d b y a union fund to L i f e i n s u r a n ce in clud es f o r m a l plans p r o v i d i n g in d e m n ity (u sually an i n s u r a n ce p o l i c y ) in c ase o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . th ro u gh T h e le g is la tio n requires that em ployers b ea r the en tire cost o f the insurance. 4 A n establishm ent is considered as h avin g a fo rm a l plan i f it s p e cifies at least the m in im u m number o f days o f sick le a v e a v a ila b le to each e m p lo y e e . Such a plan allow a n ces d eterm in ed on an in d iv id u a l basis are ex clu d ed . 23 need not be w ritten , but in form al sick le a v e H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n in s u r a n c e c o v e r s h o s p ita l r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r o t h e r h o s p it a l e x p e n s e s . S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' f e e s . M e d i c a l in s u ran ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' f e e s f o r h o m e , o f f i c e , o r h o s p ita l c a lls . P la n s r e s t r i c t e d to p o s t - o p e r a t i v e m e d i c a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r ' s care fo r m inor a ilm e n ts at a w o r k e r ' s p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be m e d i c a l in s u ran ce . " d e d u c t i b l e " ( e . g . , $ 5 0 ) be m e t b e f o r e b e n e fits b e g in , (2) has a c oin su ran c e f e a tu r e that r e q u i r e s the i n s u r e d to p ay a p o r t i o n (e . g . , 20 p e r c e n t ) o f c e r t a i n e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c i f i e d d o l l a r m a x i m u m o f b e n e fits ( e . g . , $ 10, 000 a y e a r ) . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e c o v e r a g e ap p li es to s e r v i c e s w h ic h go beyo nd the b a s i c s e r v i c e s c o v e r e d under h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l in s u ran ce . M a j o r m e d i c a l in s u ran ce t y p i c a l l y (1) r e q u i r e s that a R e t i r e m e n t p e n s ion plans p r o v i d e f o r r e g u l a r p aym ents to the r e t i r e e for life. Included a r e d e f e r r e d p r o f i t - s h a r i n g plans w h ich p r o v i d e the option o f p u rch as in g a l i f e t i m e annuity. Denta l i n s u r a n ce plans p r o v i d e n o r m a l dental s e r v i c e b e n e f i t s , usuall y f o r f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s . P l a n s w h ich p r o v i d e b e n e fits o n ly f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a i r i n g accid en t d a m a g e a r e not rep o rte d . 24 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers w ithin scope of survey and number studied in Akron, Ohio, 1 December 1976 N u m b e r o f e stablish m en ts M in im u m em ploym ent in e s t a b lis h m ents in scope o f study In d u stry d iv is io n 2 W o r k e r s in establish m en ts W ithin scope of study W ith in scope o f study* Studied T o t a l4 Studied N um ber ALL D I V I S I O N S ----------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- -----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION, a n d O T H E R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 -----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------------RETAIL TRADE -------------------------------------F I N A N C E , I N S U R A N C E , AN D R E A L E S T A T E -------S E R V I C E S 8 ------------------------------------------- P e rc e n t F u ll-t im e plant w o r k e r s F u ll-t im e o ffic e w o r k e r s Total4 517 138 1 2 3 ,6 3 6 100 6 3 ,1 6 2 2 0 ,1 4 8 7 9 ,6 3 7 58 “ 232 285 80 7 3 .8 2 5 4 9 ,8 1 1 60 40 4 2 ,1 9 4 2 0 ,9 6 8 1 2 ,7 6 3 7 ,3 8 5 5 5 ,2 5 1 2 4 ,3 8 6 50 50 50 50 50 37 39 127 25 57 15 11 25 10 19 1 1 ,4 6 7 3 .1 4 1 2 4 ,7 1 5 4 ,7 7 6 5 ,7 1 2 9 3 20 4 5 4 ,5 3 9 ( 6) 2 ,0 7 5 <6 ) <6 ) 7 ,8 9 6 977 9 ,9 1 3 3 ,3 6 2 2 ,2 3 8 S O <6 ) (7 > <6 > <6 ) <6 ) 1 T h e A k r o n S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , a s d e fin e d b y th e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g et th ro u g h F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is t s o f P o r t a g e an d S u m m it C o u n tie s . T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n o f th e s i z e and c o m p o s it io n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s t im a t e s a r e n o t in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith o t h e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1967 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a rd In d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t io n M a n u a l w a s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e s t a b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n . 3 In c lu d e s a l l e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t a t o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim it a t io n . A l l o u tle ts (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s t r ie s su ch a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , au to r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o t io n p ic t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t. 4 In c lu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r t - t i m e , and o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e p la n t and o f f i c e c a t e g o r i e s . 5 A b b r e v ia t e d to " p u b lic u t i l i t i e s " in th e A - and B - s e r i e s ta b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d . A k r o n 's l o c a l t r a n s it s y s t e m is m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a te d and is e x c lu d e d b y d e fin it io n f r o m th e s c o p e o f the stu d y. 6 T h is d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s , and f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s . S e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n o f d ata is n o t m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e en ou gh d a ta to m e r i t s e p a r a t e stu dy, (2 ) th e s a m p le w a s n o t d e s ig n e d i n i t i a l l y to p e r m i t s e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d e q u a te to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n , and (4 ) th e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta . 7 W o r k e r s f r o m th is e n t ir e d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s , but f r o m the r e a l e s t a t e p o r t io n o n ly in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d ata is n o t m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f th e r e a s o n s g iv e n in fo o tn o te 6. 8 H o t e ls and m o t e ls : la u n d r ie s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s : b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir , r e n ta l, and p a r k in g ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s an d c h a r it a b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . L a b o r-m a n a g em en t a g re e m e n t c o v e ra g e T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n s h o w s th e p e r c e n t o f f u l l - t i m e p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts in th e A k r o n a r e a in w h ic h a u n ion c o n t r a c t o r c o n t r a c t s c o v e r e d a m a j o r i t y o f th e w o r k e r s in th e r e s p e c t i v e c a t e g o r i e s , D e c e m b e r 1976: In d u s t r ia l c o m p o s it io n in m a n u fa c tu r in g A l m o s t t w o - t h ir d s o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y in the A k r o n a r e a w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g f i r m s . T h e fo llo w in g p r e s e n t s th e m a jo r in d u s tr y g ro u p s an d s p e c i f i c in d u s t r ie s as a p e r c e n t o f a l l m a n u fa c tu r in g : In d u s tr y g ro u p s S p e c if ic in d u s tr ie s R u b b e r and p la s t ic s p ro d u c ts __ 47 F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ___ _ _ 19 M a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l _ 11 E l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and . 7 s u p p lie s . P la n t w o r k e r s A l l i n d u s t r i e s ______________________ 78 M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________84 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ____________ 67 P u b lic u t i l i t i e s _____________________ 98 T i r e s and in n e r t u b e s ___________ 40 F a b r ic a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l 10 p r o d u c ts ___ M e t a l s ta m p in g s 5 7 1 18 53 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e r e d to h a v e a c o n t r a c t c o v e r in g a l l p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f su ch w o r k e r s i s c o v e r e d b y a la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t . T h e r e fo r e , a l l o t h e r p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts th a t e it h e r d o n o t h a v e la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s in e f f e c t , o r h a v e c o n t r a c t s th a t a p p ly to f e w e r th an h a l f o f t h e ir p la n t or. o f f i c e w o r k e r s . E s t im a t e s a r e n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f th e e x te n t to w h ic h a l l w o r k e r s in th e a r e a m a y b e c o v e r e d b y th e p r o v is io n s o f la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , b e c a u s e s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d and th e in d u s t r ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is lim it e d . T h is in fo r m a t io n is b a s e d on e s t im a t e s o f t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d f r o m u n iv e r s e m a t e r i a l s c o m p ile d b e f o r e a c tu a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t io n s in v a r io u s in d u s tr y d iv is io n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t io n s b a s e d on the r e s u lt s o f th e s u r v e y a s sh ow n in a p p e n d ix ta b le 1. O f f ic e w o r k e r s 25 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g job d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r i a t e occup ations w o r k e r s who a r e e m p l o y e d under a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s ta b l i s h m e n t to e s ta b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m i t s the g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e ra te s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e jo b content. B e c a u s e o f this e m p h a s is on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a tio n a l content, the B u r e a u 's job d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m th o s e in use in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n ts o r th o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In ap p ly in g t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s tr u c te d to e xc lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n ti c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; and ha ndicapped, p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — Continued A s s i g n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to one in d iv id u al. M a i n tains a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a ti o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d ep end ently r e c e i v i n g a m in i m u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v i s i o n and guidance. P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l duties, usually in cludin g m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : answ ers persons; d. e. R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d u m s , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d by o t h e r s f o r the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ig n a tu r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g ra p h ic accuracy; a. R e c e i v e s te le p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in c o m in g m a i l , routine i n q u i r i e s , and route s t e c h n i c a l in q u i r i e s to the p r o p e r b. c. i n s tr u c te d ; E stablish es, m a in ta in s , and r e v i s e s the s u p e r v i s o r ' s f i l e s ; M aintain s the s u p e r v i s o r ' s c a le n d a r and m ak es ap pointm ents as R e l a y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v i s o r to su b or d in a te s ; f. P e r f o r m s s te n o g r a p h ic and ty p in g w o r k . M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l tasks o f c o m p a r a b le natu re and d if fi c u l ty . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e routine and understanding o f the o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . B eg in n in g w ith c a le n d a r y e a r 1976 s u r v e y s , the B u re a u has g ro u p ed occup ations stud ied in its a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s into job f a m i l i e s in o r d e r to p r e s e n t i n f o r m a t i o n on r e l a t e d occup ations in s e qu e n c e . Job f a m i l i e s ha ve not b e en t i t l e d , h o w e v e r , sin c e doing so m ig h t ha ve ad ded e x tr a n eo u s e l e m e n t s to the jo b m a tc h in g p r o c e s s . T h e B u re a u has also r e v i s e d s e v e r a l oc c u p a tio n a l t i t l e s . usual w o r d o r d e r and a r e m o r e d e s c r i p t i v e o f the s u r v e y jo b s . The r e v is e d titles m o r e n ea rly re fle c t R e v i s e d oc c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e b e in g i n t ro d u c e d this y e a r f o r : O r d e r c l e r k ; p a y r o l l c l e r k ; s w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r ; s w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t ; t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e t y p i s t ( p r e v i o u s l y t i t l e d t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r ) ; m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) ; and t o o l and die m a k e r . T h e y a r e the r e s u l t o f the B u r e a u 's p o l i c y o f p e r i o d i c a l l y r e v i e w i n g a r e a w a g e s u r v e y o c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s in o r d e r to take into account t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s and to c l a r i f y d e s c r i p t i o n s so that th e y a r e m o r e r e a d i l y un derstoo d and u n i f o r m l y i n t e r p r e t e d . E v e n though the r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n s r e f l e c t b a s i c a l l y the s a m e oc c up atio ns as p r e v i o u s l y d e fin e d , s o m e r e p o r t i n g changes m a y o c c u r b e c a u s e o f the r e v i s i o n s . 26 SECRETARY— Continued SECRETARY— Continued E x c lu s io n s N ot a l l characteristics. a r e as f o l l o w s : p os it io n s that a r e t i t l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w h ich a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the d e fin ition a. P o s i t i o n s d e s c r i b e d ab ove; b. wh ic h do not m e e t the "p erso n al" secretary con cept 4. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an ind iv id u al plant, f a c t o r y , etc . ( o r o t h e r e qu iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5,000 p e r s o n s ; o r of p r o 5. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a l a r g e and im p o rt a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e gm e n t o fte n i n v o l v i n g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o r a com pany that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 ,0 00 p e r s o n s . S t e n o g r a p h e r s not fu l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e duties; c. S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v i n g as o f f i c e fe ss io n a l, techn ical, o r m a n a g e ria l person s; a s s is ta n ts to a group 3. S e c r e t a r y to the head, i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e i t h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t e w i d e functional a c t i v i t y ( e . g . , m a r k e t i n g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , in d u s tr i a l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) ojr a m a j o r g e o g r a p h i c o r o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 e m p l o y e e s ; o r d. S e c r e t a r y p o s itio n s in w h ic h the duties a r e e i t h e r s u b s tantia lly m o r e routine o r sub stantiall y m o r e c o m p l e x and r e s p o n s i b l e than th os e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in the definition; e. A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p o s itio n s w h ic h i n v o l v e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e resp on sible techn ical, a d m in istra tive, s u p e rv is o r y , o r sp ec ia liz ed c le r ic a l duties w h ic h a r e not t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " used in the l e v e l d e fin ition s f o l l o w i n g , r e f e r s to th o s e o f f i c i a l s who have a s i g n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e w i d e p o l i c y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r com p any a c t i v i t i e s . T h e t i t l e " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " though n o r m a l l y in d i c a t i v e o f this r o l e , does not in all c as e s i d e n t i f y such p o s i ti o n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is to act p e r s o n a l l y on in d iv id u a l c as e s o r tr a n s a c t i o n s (e . g . , a p p r o v e o r deny in d iv id u a l lo an o r c r e d i t actions; a d m i n i s t e r in d iv id u a l tr u s t accou nts ; d i r e c t l y s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s ta f f ) a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f ap ply in g the f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s . C la s s A 1 . S e c r e t a r y to the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r than the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the head, i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la s s B 1. S e c r e t a r y to the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in all, f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r C la s s C 1 . S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n wh os e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is not e qu iv a le n t to one o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l situations in the d e fin ition f o r c la s s B, but w h os e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e rs at l e a s t s e v e r a l d oze n e m p l o y e e s and is usually d iv i d e d into o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n ts whic h a r e ofte n, in turn, f u r th e r su bdivided. In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , this l e v e l i n clud es a w id e ran g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , only one o r two; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l plant , f a c t o r y , e tc . ( o r o t h e r e au iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in all, f e w e r than 5 ,000 persons. C lass D 1. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v i s o r o r head unit ( e . g . , f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o f a sm all organization al 2. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y s t a f f s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r , o r as s is ta n t , s k i l l e d te c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e r t . (N O TE : M any c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b ov e , to this l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r . ) STENOGRAPHER P r i m a r y duty is to tak e d ic ta tio n using sho rthand, and to t r a n s c r i b e the d ic tatio n . M a y a ls o typ e f r o m w r i t t e n copy. May operate fro m a s te n o g r a p h i c p o o l. M ay o ccasion ally tra n scrib e fr o m vo ice reco rdin gs (if p r i m a r y duty is t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r i b i n g - M a c h i n e T yp ist). N O T E : T h is job is d i s tin g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n fid e n t ia l r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith on ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y tasks as d e s c r i b e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin ition . Stenographer, G eneral 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r than the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; o r keep D ic ta tio n i n v o l v e s a n o r m a l routine v o c a b u l a r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y routine c l e r i c a l ta s k s . STENOGRAPHER— Continued F IL E CLERK— Continued S t e n o g ra p h e r, S e n ior D ic tatio n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d te c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y also set up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k eep r e c o r d s , etc . C l a s s B . S o r t s , cod e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by s i m p l e (s u b je c t m a t t e r ) head ings o r p a r t l y c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by f i n e r subhead ings. P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d ind ex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aids. As r e q u e s t e d , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n ti f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . M ay p e r f o r m r e l a t e d c l e r i c a l tasks r e q u i r e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . OR P e r f o r m s s te n o g r a p h ic duties r e q u i r i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r i n d epen den ce and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l , as e v i d e n c e d by the fo l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o g r a p h ic speed and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou g h w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in ess and o f f i c e p r o c e d u re ; and o f the s p e c i f i c b u s in ess o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , procedures, f i l e s , w o r k f l o w , etc. U s e s this k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s te n o g r a p h ic duties and r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l tasks such as m ain ta in in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s tr u c tio n s ; rea d in g and routing in c o m in g m a i l ; and a n s w e r i n g routin e qu e s tio n s , etc. TR A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T P r i m a r y duty is to type c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d dictatio n w h ich does not in v o l v e v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as that used in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o typ e f r o m w r i t t e n copy. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e ep s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y routine c l e r i c a l ta s k s . (See S t e n o g r a p h e r d e fin itio n f o r w o r k e r s in v o l v e d w ith shorthand d ic ta tio n . ) TYPIS T U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p ie s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s o r to m ak e out b i l l s a f t e r c a lc u la tio n s have been m a d e by an oth er p e r s o n . May in clude ty p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r use in duplicating processes. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k i n v o l v i n g l i t t l e s p e c i a l tr a i n i n g , such as k e ep in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r ti n g and d is trib u tin g in c o m in g m a i l . C la s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : T y p i n g m a t e r i a l in fin al f o r m when it i n v o l v e s c om b in in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , punctuation, e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r unusual w o r d s o r f o r e i g n lan guage m a t e r i a l ; o r planning lay out and ty pin g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l ta b le s to m ain ta in u n i fo r m i ty and b a la n c e in s p ac ing . M a y typ e routine f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y i n g d e ta ils to suit c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C op y ty p ing f r o m rough o r c l e a r d r a ft s ; o r routine ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e tc .; o r setting up s i m p l e stan da rd ta bulation s; o r c op y ing m o r e c o m p l e x ta b les a l r e a d y set up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . F IL E CLERK F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u i r e d to m ain ta in f i l e s . P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g d e fin itio n s . C l a s s A. C l a s s i f i e s and in d e xe s f i l e m a t e r i a l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d o c u m e n ts , e t c . , in an e s ta b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m con ta inin g a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d subject m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y also f i l e this m ateria l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s ty p es in conjunctio n w it h the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a l l g ro u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . C la s s C . P e r f o r m s routin e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that has a l r e a d y been c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t io n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a l p h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r i c a l ) . As requested, l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l ; and m a y f i l l out w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and manual tasks r e q u i r e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . M ESSENGER P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s routine duties such as running e r r a n d s , op e r a tin g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s such as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , openin g and distr ibutin g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E xc lu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s ig n if ic a n t duty. SW IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a te le p h on e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o le used with a p r i v a t e b ra n c h e xcha ng e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e l a y i n c o m i n g , o u tgo in g , and i n t r a s y s t e m calls. M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s i d e s o p e r a ti n g a te lep hon e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y als o ty p e o r p e r f o r m routine c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty ping o r routine c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y occup y the m a j o r p o r ti o n o f the w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and is u sually p e r f o r m e d w h ile at the s w i tc h b o a r d o r c o n s o le ). C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s ta b l i s h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one o p e r a t o r a r e exc lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r who a ls o acts as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e Sw itc h b oard O p erator-R ecep tion ist. S W ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a t o r — w ork in vo lves b u s in e s s and p ria te person a r r a n g i n g an s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n te le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o le , acts both as s e e S w itc h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t i o n i s t . R e c e p t i o n i s t 's such duties as g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g nature o f v i s i t o r ' s p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in the o r g a n i z a t i o n o r con ta cting that p e r s o n by tele p hon e and ap pointm ent; k e ep in g a l o g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e rb a l c u s to m e rs ' purchase o r d e rs fo r m a te ria l o r m e r c h a n d i s e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p l e . W o rk ty p ica lly involves s o m e c o m b in a tio n of the f o l l o w i n g d uties: Quoting p r i c e s ; d e t e r m i n i n g a v a i l a b i l i t y of o r d e r e d i t e m s and s u g ge s tin g substitutes when n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y date and m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r i n f o r m a t i o n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; check ing o r d e r sheets f o r a c c u r a c y and ad equacy o f i n f o r m a t i o n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a i n i n g c r e d i t rating o f c u s to m e r ; fu r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o l l o w i n g - u p to s ee that o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d by the s p e c i f i e d date o r to let c u s t o m e r know o f a d e la y in d e l i v e r y ; m ain ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; ch e c k in g shipping i n v o i c e again st o r i g i n a l o r d e r . ORDER CLERK— Continued BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p aid on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s i s o r wh os e duties inclu de any o f the f o l l o w i n g : R e c e i v i n g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r than f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v i d i n g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n su lta tiv e a d v ic e using k n o w le d g e g aine d f r o m e n g i n e e r i n g o r e x t e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l tr a i n i n g ; e m p h a s i z i n g s e l l i n g s k i l l s ; handlin g m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e as an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f the job . O p e r a t e s a b oo k k e e p in g m ac h in e (with o r without a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c ti o n s . P o sitio n s d efin itio n s: are classified into levels according to the follow ing C l a s s A . H an dles o r d e r s that i n v o l v e m ak in g jud gm ents such as ch o os in g w h ich s p e c i f i c p ro duct o r m a t e r i a l f r o m the e s t a b l i s h m e n t 's p ro d uct l in e s w i l l s a t i s f y the c u s t o m e r ' s n e e d s , o r d e t e r m i n i n g the p r i c e to be quoted when p r i c i n g i n v o l v e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l i s t o r m ak in g s o m e s i m p l e m a t h e m a t i c a l ca lc u la tio n s . C la s s B . Han dles o r d e r s i n v o l v i n g i t e m s wh ich have r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i e d uses and ap p lic a tio n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m anual, o r s i m i l a r docum ent to in s u r e that p r o p e r i t e m is sup plied o r to v e r i f y p r ic e of o r d e r e d item . A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e accounting c l e r i c a l tasks such as p os tin g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank accou nts ; v e r i f y i n g the in t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f acc ounting docum ents ; a s s i g n i n g p r e s c r i b e d accounting d is trib u t io n cod e s ; e x a m in in g and v e r i f y i n g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r i o u s ty p es o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p o s tin g, e t c . ; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d j o u r n a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i t h e r a manual o r autom ate d accounting s y s t e m . T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m ethods and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s wh ic h r e l a t e s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f tr a n s a c ti o n s and accounting i n f o r m a t i o n . W ith e x p e r i e n c e , the w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w it h the b oo k k e e p in g and accounting t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s used in the a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u i r e d to have a k n o w le d g e o f the f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b oo k k e e p in g and accounting. P ositio n s d efin ition s. are c la ssified into l e v e l s on the b a s is of the fo l l o w i n g C la s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s accou nting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h ich r e q u i r e the ap p lic ation o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r e x a m p l e , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p l i c a t e d o r n o n r e p e t i t i v e accounting t r a n s a c tio n s , s e l e c t i n g amon g a substant ial v a r i e t y o f p r e s c r i b e d accounting codes and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g tr a n s a c t i o n s though p r e v i o u s ac cou nting actions to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M a y be a s s i s t e d by one o r m o r e c l a s s B ac counting c l e r k s . C l a s s B . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , f o l l o w i n g d e ta i l e d in s tr u c tio n s and s ta n d a r d i z e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s one o r m o r e routine accounting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , such as p ostin g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s and lo c a t io n s of p os tin gs a r e c l e a r l y in d ic ate d ; c h e c k ing a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s ta n d a rd iz e d and r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s or accou nting doc u m e nts ; and coding docum ents using a f e w p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t ing c od e s . C la s s A . K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k no w le dg e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b oo k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y with the s tr u c tu r e o f the p a r t i c u l a r ac cou nting s y s t e m used. D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s trib u t io n o f debit and c r e d i t i t e m s to be used in each phase o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b alan ce s h e e ts , and o t h e r r e c o r d s by hand. C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p hases o r s e ction s o f a set o f r e c o r d s usuall y r e q u i r i n g l i t t l e k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b oo kk e e p ing . P h a s e s o r s e ctio n s include accounts p a y a b l e , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' accounts (not i n cluding a s i m p l e ty p e o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d under m ac h in e b i l l e r ) , cost d i s t r ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is trib u tio n , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e tc . M a y check o r a s s is t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l sheets f o r the accounting d e p a rtm e n t. M A C H IN E B IL L E R P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m ac h in e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y also k e ep r e c o r d s as to b il l i n g s o r shipping c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , m ac h in e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d by type o f m a c h i n e , as f o l l o w s : B i l l i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b i l l i n g m achine (com b ination ty p in g and adding m a c h i n e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r ch a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o r a n d u m s , etc . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d discounts and shipping c h arg es and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s i o n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be com puted on the b i l l i n g m a c h in e , and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u t o m a tic a lly accum ula te d by m ac h in e . T h e o p e r a t i o n usually i n v o l v e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f carbo n c op ie s o f the b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is ofte n done on a fan fo ld m ac h in e . B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a b ookk eep ing m ac h in e (with o r without a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the accounts r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the sim ulta neous e n tr y o f f i g u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' l e d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m ac h in e a u t o m a tic a lly accum ula te s f i g u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l colum ns and com pute s and usually prin ts a u t o m a t i c a l l y the debit o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . Does not in v o l v e a k n o w le d g e o f b oo k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n i fo r m and s ta n dard ty pes o f s a l e s and cred it slips. P A Y R O L L CLERK P e r f o r m s the c l e r i c a l tasks n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to m a in ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' t i m e o r p ro d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjustin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r changes in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e f i t s , o r ta x deduct ions; e d it in g p a y r o l l lis ti n g s again st s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in li s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r a t i o n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a nonautom ated p a y r o l l s y s t e m , com p utes w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u i r e a p r a c t i c a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s , c om p an y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s t e m f o r p r o c e s s i n g p a y r o l l s . KEYPUNCH OPERATOR T A B U L A T I N G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R — Continued O p e r a t e s a keypunch m ac h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y alp ha betic and/or n u m e r i c data on tabulating c a r d s o r on tape. f r o m this d e fin itio n a r e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s . A l s o e x c lu d e d are o p e r a t o r s o f e l e c t r o n i c d i g i t a l c o m p u t e r s , e v e n though th ey m a y also o p e r a te e l e c t r i c accounting m a c h in e equip m en t. Positions d e fin ition s . are cla ssified fnto l e v e l s on the b a s is o f Positions defin ition s. the f o l l o w i n g c la ssified into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g and ta bulating a ssig n m en ts includin g d e v i s i n g d if fi c u l t c o n tro l p ane l w i r i n g un der g e n e r a l s u p e rv is io n . A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f lon g and c o m p l e x r e p o r ts wh ich often a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g , r e q u i r i n g s o m e planning o f the nature and sequencing o f o p e r a t i o n s , and the use o f a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in tr a i n i n g ne w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a tio n s o r tr a in in g l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and in the o p e r a ti n g sequences o f lon g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . Does not in clude p o s itio n s in whic h w i r i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is l i m i t e d to s e l e c t i o n and i n s e r t i o n o f p r e w i r e d b oa r d s . C la s s A . W o r k r e q u i r e s the ap p lic a tion o f e x p e r i e n c e and jud gm ent in s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to be f o l l o w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , i n t e r p r e t i n g , s e l e c t i n g , o r cod ing i t e m s to be keyp unch ed f r o m a v a r i e t y o f s o u r c e docum ents . On o c c a s i o n m a y als o p e r f o r m s o m e routine keypun ch w o r k . M a y t r a i n i n e x p e r i e n c e d keypun ch o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . W o r k is routine and r e p e t i t i v e . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o r f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t i o n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r i o u s sta nd a r d i z e d s o u r c e d ocum ents w h ic h h a ve b e en coded, and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich ha ve b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e ta i l and r e q u i r e l i t t l e o r no s e l e c t i n g , cod in g, o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to su p e r v i s o r p r o b l e m s a r i s i n g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i t e m s o r codes o r m i s s i n g i n f o r m a ti o n . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d i n g to e s t a b l i s h e d p r o c e d u r e s and under s p e c i f i c in s tr u c tio n s . A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e c o m p le t e but routine and r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s o r p a r ts o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i ffic u lt tabulating o r e l e c t r i c a l ac counting m ac h in e s such as the ta b u la to r and c a l c u l a t o r , in ad dition to the s i m p l e r m ac h in e s used by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y be r e q u i r e d to do s o m e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s . M a y t r a i n ne w e m p l o y e e s in b a s i c m ac h in e o p e r a t i o n s . C la s s C . U n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s , o p e r a t e s s i m p l e tabulating o r e l e c t r i c a l accounting m a c h in e s such as the s o r t e r , i n t e r p r e t e r , r ep r o d u c in g punch, c o l l a t o r , e tc . A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e p o r tio n s o f a w o r k unit, f o r e x a m p l e , in d iv id u a l s o r ti n g o r c o l l a t i n g runs, o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a tio n s . May p e rfo rm s i m p l e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s , and do s o m e f i l i n g w o r k . T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R c u la to r , are O p e r a t e s one o r a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in e s such as the ta b u la to r , c a l c o l l a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g punch, e tc . E xc lu d e d PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B USINE SS— Continued C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS A n a l y z e s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s olv in g t h e m by use o f e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g equip m ent. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a l l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d i g i t a l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a ti o n s to be autom ate d and id e n t i f i e s con ditions and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b er and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and docum ents to be used; ou tlines actio ns to be p e r f o r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e ta il f o r p r e s e n ta tio n to m an a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y this i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d in a te s the d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l runs o f new and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s equ ipm en t changes to obtain m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a ti o n s . (N O TE : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s an aly sts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s an aly s ts a r e c l a s s i f i e d as fo l l o w s : C la s s A . W o r k s in d ep end ently o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o l v i n g a l l phases o f s y s t e m a n a l y s i s . P ro b le m s are c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m en ts o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p rod uction s c hed uling, i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , cost a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n alys is r e c o r d in w h ic h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h ty p e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d th rough the full s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e fo llo w u p ac tio ns a r e in it ia te d by the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on th e i m p l i c a t io n s o f new o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a ti o n s , i f n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s t a l l a t i o n s o r changes and f o r obta in ing eq uip m en t. M a y p r o v i d e func tio nal who a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . D o e s not in clude e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , or system s analysts p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p ro b lem s. 30 direction to low er le v el s y s te m s analysts C l a s s B. W o r k s ind ep end ently o r un der on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a l y z e , plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o ge n eo u s and the output data a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . (F o r exam ple, COM PUTER SYSTEMS A N A LYS T, BUSINESS— Continued COM PUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS— Continued d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m ain ta in in g d e p o s i t o r accounts in a bank, m ain ta in in g accounts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m ain ta in in g i n v e n t o r y accounts in a m an u fac tu rin g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s with p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v is e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t io n s o f the data p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to be ap p lie d. A t this l e v e l , p r o g r a m m i n g is d i f fi c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u te r e q u ip m e n t m u s t be o r g a n i z e d to p ro d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e p r o ducts f r o m n u m erous and d i v e r s e data e l e m e n t s . A w id e v a r i e t y and e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f i n t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g actions must o c c u r . T h is r e q u i r e s such actions as d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a tio n s wh ich can be r e used, e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k ag e points b e tw e e n o p e r a t i o n s , ad justm ents to data when p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u te r s t o r a g e c a p a c ity , and sub sta ntial m an ip u latio n and r e s e q u e n c i n g o f data e le m e n t s to f o r m a hig hly i n t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . OR W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x data p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . W o r k s in d ep end ently on routine a s s ig n m e n ts and r e c e i v e s in s tr u c tio n and guidance on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n ts . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s tr u c ti o n s , and to in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s t e m . C la s s C . W o r k s under i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a lys e s as a s s i g n e d , u suall y o f a s in g le a c t i v i t y . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e l o p and exp an d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in the ap p lic a tion o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a lys is w o r k . F o r e x a m p l e , m a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s analyst b y p r e p a r i n g the d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d by the h i g h e r l e v e l analyst. M a y p r o v i d e functional d i r e c t i o n a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . C la s s B . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e p r o g r a m s , o r on s i m p l e s e g m e n ts o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) usually p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to p ro d u c e data in two o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis ti n g s a r e p ro d u c e d by r e f i n i n g , ad ap tin g, a r r a y i n g , o r m a k in g m i n o r addition s to o r d e letion s f r o m input data w h ic h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h i l e nu m e rou s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data have b e en r e f i n e d in p r i o r actions so that the a c c u r a c y and se que nc in g o f data can be t e s t e d by using a f e w routine checks. T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d eals w ith routin e r e c o r d k e e p i n g o p e r a t i o n s . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B USINESS OR C o n v e r ts s ta te m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d by a s y s t e m s an aly s t, into a s equence o f d e t a i l e d in s tr u c tio n s w h ich a r e r e q u i r e d to s o l v e the p r o b l e m s by a u tom atic data p r o c e s s i n g equip m ent. W o r k i n g f r o m charts o r d i a g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c i s e i n s tr u c ti o n s w h ich , when e n t e r e d into the c o m p u te r s y s t e m in coded lan g u a g e , cause the m anip ula tion o f data to a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A p p l i e s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t i c s , l o g i c e m p l o y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r sub j e c t m a t t e r in v o l v e d to an a lyz e charts and d i a g r a m s o f the p r o b l e m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s equence o f p r o g r a m s tep s; w r i t e s d e t a i l e d f l o w c h arts to show o r d e r in w h ic h data w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th es e c h a r ts to c od e d in s tr u c tio n s f o r m ac h in e to f o l l o w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tr u c tio n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l during p ro d u c tion run; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , and a l t e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r adapt to new r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m ain ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . ( N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s an aly sts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) D oe s not in clude e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c and/or e n g i n e e r i n g prob lem s. F o r wage study p u r p o s e s , program m ers are c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : C l a s s A . W o r k s in dependently o r un der o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in all phases o f p r o g r a m m i n g con ce p ts and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and charts w h ic h i d e n t i f y the natu re o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g steps to be a c c o m p l i s h e d , and the r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s steps o f the p r o b l e m s o l v i n g routin e; plans the f u ll rang e o f p r o g r a m m i n g actions ne e d e d to e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e the c o m p u te r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d end p ro d u c ts . to l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who W o r k s on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r i b e d f o r c las s A ) under close d irectio n o f a h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p erviso r. M ay assist h i g h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d ep end ently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i ffic u lt tasks a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f fi c u l t ta s k s un der f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c ti o n . M a y guide o r in s tr u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic ation s o f p r o g r a m m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c on cep ts usuall y le a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . A s s i g n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f standard p r o c e d u re s to routine p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on new asp e cts o f a s s i g n m e n ts ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u i r e d p r o c e d u r e s . COMPUTER OPERATOR M o n i t o r s and o p e r a t e s the c o n tr o l c o n s o le o f a d i g i t a l c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d i n g to o p e r a t i n g in s t r u c t i o n s , usually p r e p a r e d by a p r o g r a m m e r . W o r k in clud es m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : Studies in s tr u c tio n s to d e t e r m i n e e quip m en t setup and o p e r a t i o n s ; loads equipm en t w ith r e q u i r e d i t e m s (tape r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y equip m en t into c i r c u i t , and s ta r ts and o p e r a t e s c o m p u te r ; m a k es adjustm ents to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l con dit io ns; review s e r r o r s m a d e dur ing o p e r a t i o n and d e t e r m i n e s caus e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m ain ta in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y te s t and a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g p r o g r a m . For wage study purposes, c o m p u te r operators are cla ssified as follow s: C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s i n d e p e n d e n tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and in tro d u ce d ; s ched uling r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e COMPUTER OPERATO R— Continued DRAFTER— Continued o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e to m i n i m i z e d ow n tim e; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e sig n so that i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e ofte n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f the t o ta l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not b e a v a i l a b l e . M a y g i v e d i r e c t i o n and guidan ce to l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . m a t e r i a l s to be used, loa d c a p a c i t i e s , s tr e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , etc . R eceives in i t i a l in s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p l e te d w o r k is ch e c k ed f o r t e c h n i c a l adequacy. C la s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e nd e ntly , o r un der on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; M o s t o f the p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d p ro d u c tion runs, t y p i c a l l y run on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is li t t l e o r no te s ti n g o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c as e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m needs m a j o r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d with in a r e a s o n a b l y sho rt t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r situ ation s , d ia g n o s e s cau se and ta k e s c o r r e c t i v e ac tion. T h i s u sually i n v o l v e s ap ply in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s te p s , o r using sta ndard c o r r e c t i o n te c h n iqu e s . OR O p e r a t e s un der d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d ep end ently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d if fi c u l t tasks a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d i f fi c u l t ta s k s f o l l o w i n g d e ta ile d i n s tr u c tio n s and w ith fre q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . expected a b i l i t y to received operator C la s s C . W o r k s on routine p r o g r a m s un der c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n . Is to d e v e l o p w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f the c o m p u te r equip m en t used and d e te c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in running routine p r o g r a m s . U s u a l l y has s o m e f o r m a l t r a i n i n g in c o m p u te r o p e r a ti o n . M a y a s s i s t h i g h e r l e v e l on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . P l a n s th e g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s having d i s t i n c t i v e d e s ig n f e a t u r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s ta b l i s h e d d ra ftin g preceden ts. W o r k s in c l o s e sup por t w it h the d e sig n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s ig n c h an ges. A n a l y z e s the e f f e c t o f eac h change on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , fu nction, and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a ti o n s h i p s o f com ponents and parts. W o r k s w it h a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p l e t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d by d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s te n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . M a y e i t h e r p r e p a r e d ra w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e i r p r e p a r a t i o n by lo w e r le v e l d ra fters. C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s nonroutin e and c o m p l e x d ra ft in g as s ig n m e n ts that r e q u i r e the a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a r d i z e d d ra w in g techn iq ues r e g u l a r l y used. Duties t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e such w o r k as: P r e p a r e s working d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r shapes, m u ltip le fu n c tio n s , and p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e l a ti o n s h i p s b e tw e e n c om p one n ts ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n stru c tio n o f a b uil d in g in clu d in g d e ta i l d ra w in g s o f founda t io n s , w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and m anuals in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y com puta tions t o d e t e r m i n e quantities o f C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta i l d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p arts f o r e n g i n e e r i n g , c o n s t ru c tio n , m a n u fa c tu rin g, o r r e p a i r p u r p o s es . Types of d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d include i s o m e t r i c p r o j e c t i o n s ( d e p ic tin g t h re e d im e n sio n s in a c c u r a te s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s to c l a r i f y p o s itio n in g of com ponents and c on v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and adjusts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u i r e d . Su gg e sted m et hods o f a p p ro ac h, a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g ive n w ith i n i t i a l a s s i g n m e n ts . I n s tr u c tio n s a r e l e s s c o m p l e t e when ass ign m e n ts r e c u r . W o r k m a y be s p o t - c h e c k e d dur ing p r o g r e s s . D R AFTE R -TR AC E R C o p ie s plans and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by o t h e r s by p la c in g tr a c i n g cloth o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g s and t r a c i n g with pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not inclu de t r a c i n g l i m i t e d to plans p r i m a r i l y c on s is tin g o f s tr a ig h t l in e s and a l a r g e s c a l e not r e q u i r i n g c l o s e d e l i n e a ti o n . ) AND/OR P r e p a r e s s i m p l e o r r e p e t i t i v e d ra w in g s o f e a s i l y v i s u a l i z e d i t e m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v i s e d during p r o g r e s s . E LE C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s on v a r i o u s ty p es o f e l e c t r o n i c e quip m en t and r e l a te d d e v i c e s by p e r f o r m i n g one o r a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n s ta llin g , m ain ta in in g , r e p a i r i n g , o v e r h a u l i n g , t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g , m o d i f y i n g , c on stru c tin g, and te s tin g . W o r k r e q u i r e s p r a c t i c a l ap p lic a tio n o f t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , a b i l i t y to d e t e r m i n e m a l f u n c ti o n s , and s k i l l to put equip m en t in r e q u i r e d o p e r a t i n g con dition.. T h e e quip m en t— c o n s is tin g o f e i t h e r m a n y d i f f e r e n t kinds o f c irc u it s o r m u l t i p l e r e p e t i t i o n o f the s a m e kind o f c i r c u i t — i n c lu d e s , but is not l i m i t e d to , the fo l l o w i n g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m i t t i n g and r e c e i v i n g equ ipmen t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d i o , t e l e v i s i o n , t e le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v i g a t i o n a l a id s ), (b) d ig it a l and an alo g c o m p u t e r s , and (c ) i n d u s t r i a l and m e d i c a l m e a s u rin g and c on t r o l l i n g equipm en t. T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f such standa rd e l e c t r o n i c equipm en t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h o u s e h old r ad io and t e l e v i s i o n s e ts ; p ro d u c tio n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duty is s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c t e s t in s tr u m e n ts ; t e c h n ic ia n s who have a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g in e e r s . P ositio n s defin ition s. are c la ssified into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g C la s s A . A p p l i e s ad vanced t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e unusually c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , th o s e that t y p i c a l l y cannot be s o l v e d s o l e l y by r e f e r e n c e to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m anuals o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n ts ) in w o r k i n g on ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued e l e c t r o n i c equipm ent. E x a m p l e s o f such p r o b l e m s includ e l o c a t io n and d e n s ity o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c ra d ia tion , i s o l a t i n g m alfu n c tio n s , and fre qu en t e n g i n e e r i n g changes. W o rk in volves: A d e ta ile d un derstandin g o f the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f circuits.; e x e r c i s i n g independent jud g m e nt in p e r f o r m i n g such ta s k s as makin g c i r c u i t a n a l y s e s , c alc u latin g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c i n g r e la tio n s h ip s in s ig n a l f l o w ; and r e g u l a r l y using c o m p l e x te s t i n str u m e n ts ( e . g . , dual t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s , p ulse g e n e r a t o r s ) . C las s C . A p p l i e s w o r k i n g te c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s i m p l e o r routine tasks in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equip m en t, fo l l o w i n g d e ta ile d i n s tru c tion s w h ic h c o v e r v i r t u a l l y a l l p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p i c a l l y in v o l v e s such tasks as: A s s i s t i n g h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s by p e r f o r m i n g such a c t i v i t i e s as r e p l a c i n g com p one n ts , w i r i n g c i r c u i t s , and taking te s t re a d in g s ; r e p a i r i n g s i m p l e e l e c t r o n i c equipm en t; and using to o ls and c o m m o n te s t in s tru m e n ts ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , audio s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u i r e d to be f a m i l i a r w ith the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u i r e d th rough a s s ig n m e n ts d e sig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (in cludin g c l a s s r o o m tr a i n i n g ) so that w o r k e r can ad vance to h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n . W o r k m a y be r e v i e w e d by s u p e r v i s o r ( f r e q u e n tl y an e n g i n e e r o r d e s i g n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w it h a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M ay p rovide t e c h n i c a l guidance to l o w e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s . C la s s B . A p p l i e s c o m p r e h e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o l v e c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , th ose that t y p i c a l l y can be s o l v e d s o l e l y by p r o p e r l y i n t e r p r e t i n g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' manua ls o r s i m i l a r doc um e nts ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equipm ent. W o r k i n v o l v e s : A f a m i l i a r i t y with the i n t e r r e l a t i o n ships o f c i r c u i t s ; and ju d gm ent in d e t e r m i n i n g w o r k sequence and in s e l e c t i n g to o l s and te s ti n g in s tr u m e n ts , usuall y l e s s c o m p l e x than th os e used by the c la s s A te c h n icia n . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l guidance, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k as s ig n m e n ts . M a y p r o v i d e te c h n i c a l guidance to l o w e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l guid ance, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y spot c heck ed , but is g iv e n d e taile d r e v i e w when ne w o r advanced as s ig n m e n ts a r e in v o l v e d . R E G IS TE R E D IN D U S T R IA L NURSE A r e g i s t e r e d nu rs e who g i v e s n u rsing s e r v i c e under g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r i n ju re d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an ac c id en t on the p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m en t. Duties i n v o l v e a com b in atio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t aid to the i l l o r in ju re d ; attending to subsequent d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; keeping r e c o r d s o f patients t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g accid en t r e p o r t s f o r c om p en s ation o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e xam in a tion s and health evaluations o f ap pli cants and e m p l o y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y i n g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g healt h education , ac c id en t p r e v e n t i o n , e v alu atio n o f plant e n v ir o n m e n t, o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g the healt h, w e l f a r e , and s a fe ty o f all p e rs o n n e l. N u r s i n g s u p e r v i s o r s o r head n u rs e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one n u rs e a r e exclu d ed . MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POWERPLANT M A IN T E N A N C E C AR PE N TE R M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N — Continued P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n tr y duties n e c e s s a r y to c on struct and m ain ta in in g o o d r e p a i r build ing w o o d w o r k and equipm en t such as bins, c r i b s , c ou n te rs , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s in g s , and t r i m m ad e o f w o od in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l in s tr u c tio n s ; using a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's ha ndto ols , p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and standa rd m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; m ak in g s ta n dard shop com putations r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o rk . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ainte n ance c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s roun ded t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a c q u ir e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv ale n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l equip m ent; and using a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n ' s handtools and m e a s u r i n g and te s ti n g in s tr u m e n ts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n te nance e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a c q u i i o d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e functions such as the i n s ta lla t io n , m ain te n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f equip m ent f o r the g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i bution, o r u tiliz a tio n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : In s tallin g o r r e p a i r i n g any o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l equip m en t such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w i tc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heat ing units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n equip m en t; w o r k i n g f r o m b l u e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , la y o u t s , o r ot h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t in g and d ia g n os in g t r o u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r equipm en t; w o r k i n g standard com putations r e l a t i n g to load r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 33 M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P a i n t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and fix tu r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and ty p e s o f paint r e q u i r e d f o r d i f fe r e n t ap p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r fa c e f o r painting by r e m o v i n g old f in is h o r by p la c in g putty o r f i l l e r in n a il holes and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and ap plying paint w ith s p r a y gun o r bru sh. M ay m i x c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o t h e r paint i n g r e d i e n t s to obtain p r o p e r c o l o r o r con s i s te n c y . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n an c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a c q u ir e d th rough a f o r m a l ap p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r ts and new p a r ts in m ak ing r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r ts o f m e c h a n i c a l equipm en t o p e r a t e d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t i n g w r i t t e n in s tru c tio ns and s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; pieinning and la y in g out o f w o r k ; using a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t 's handtools M AINTENANCE MACHINIST— Continued M AINTENANCE P IP E F IT T E R — Continued and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; se ttin g up and o p e r a t i n g s ta n dard m a c h in e t o o l s ; shaping o f m e t a l p a r ts to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m ak in g s ta n dard shop com putations r e l a t i n g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , ana sp eed s o f m ac h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f the c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g sta n da rd m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e quip m en t r e q u i r e d f o r this w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r ts into m e c h a n i c a l equipm en t. In g e n e r a l , the m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a rounded tr a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e usually a c q u i r e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv ale n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . m eet specificatio n s. In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ainte n anc e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s roun ded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u sually a c q u i r e d thro ugh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W orkers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b uild ing sanitation o r heating s y s t e m s are exclu ded. M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H AN IC (M A C H IN E R Y ) R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e quip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n i c a l equip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t l y d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the use o f handtools in s c r a p i n g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b ro k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r ts w ith i t e m s ob ta ined f r o m sto ck ; o r d e r i n g the p ro d u c tio n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p art by a m ac h in e shop o r sending the m ac h in e to a m ac h in e shop f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p ro d u c tio n o f p a r ts o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e shops; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k in g a l l n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents f o r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u sually a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p erien ce. E x c lu d e d f r o m this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties i n v o l v e s e ttin g up o r adjusting m a c h in e s . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E ) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f am e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g a u to m o tiv e equip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g equipm en t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e the use o f such handtools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d equ ip m en t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fittin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r ts f r o m stoc k ; g r in d in g and adjustin g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s t a l l i n g the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m ak in g n e c e s s a r y ad ju s tm e n ts ; and ali gnin g w h e e l s , adjusting b r a k e s and lig h ts , o r tighten in g b od y b o lts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m o t o r v e h i c l e m ain te n an c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usuall y a c q u i r e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e qu iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clu de m e c h a n i c s who r e p a i r c u s t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in au t o m o b ile r e p a i r shops. M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R I n s ta lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r o t h e r ty p e s o f pip e and p ip e f i tt in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g out w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i ti o n o f pip e f r o m d ra w in g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cutting v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t leng ths w it h c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; t h re a d in g p ip e w ith stocks and d i e s ; bendin g p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p ip e w ith cou plin gs and f a s te n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g stan da rd shop com putations r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p ip e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k in g s ta n dard t e s t s to d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f in is h e d pipes M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m ain ta in s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l equip m en t and f i x t u r e s (suc h as m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e pans, s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , ta n ks, v e n t i l a t o r s , chutes, ducts , m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an es tab lis h m en t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n in g and la y i n g out a l l ty p es of s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o r ot h e r s p e c i f i c a ti o n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k in g m a c h i n e s ; using a v a r i e t y o f handtools in cutting, b end ing , f o r m i n g , shaping, f i tti n g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and in s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u ir e d . Tp g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s rounder) t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u suall y a c q u i r e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l ap p re n tic es h ip o r e qu iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M IL L W R IG H T I n s ta lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equ ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and in s ta l l s m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e quip m en t when changes in the plant layout are r e q u i r e d . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n in g and l a y in g out w o r k ; i n t e r p r e t i n g b lu e p rin ts o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; using a v a r i e t y o f handtools and r i g g i n g ; m a k in g stan da rd shop com puta tions r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s tr en gth o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; alig n in g and b alan cin g equipm ent; s e l e c t i n g s tan da rd t o o l s , equ ip m en t, and p a r ts to be used; and i n s ta llin g and m a in ta in in g in good o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e quip m en t such as d r i v e s and speed red u cers. In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E TRADES H E L P E R A s s i s t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in - t h e s k i l l e d m ain te n an c e t r a d e s , by p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l duties o f l e s s e r s k i l l , such as k e ep in g a w o r k e r sup p li ed w i t h m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k i n g a r e a , m ac h in e , and equip m en t; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k ille d tasks as d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n . T h e kind o f w o r k the h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to tr a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s the h e l p e r is con fin ed to s u p p lyin g, l i f t i n g , and holding m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s , and c le an in g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e also p e r f o r m e d by w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (TO O LR O O M ) S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t i n g one o r m o r e than one ty pe o f m a c h in e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g r in d in g m a c h i n e , e ng in e la th e , m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m a c h in e m e t a l f o r use in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r nonm etallic m a t e r ia l (e .g., p la s tic , p la s te r, rubber, gla s s). W ork ty p ica lly i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d i f fi c u l t m ac h in in g o p e r a tio n s w h ich r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a t e d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; setting up m ac h in e M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATO R (TOOLROOM)— Continued TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued t o o l o r to o ls ( e . g . , i n s t a l l cutting to o ls and adjust g uid es, sto p s, w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n tro ls to handle the s i z e o f stock to be m ac h in e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , sp ee d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e quence o r s e l e c t th os e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w in g s , b l u e p rin ts , o r l a y o u t s ); using a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y ad justm ents dur ing m a c h in in g o p e r a t i o n to ac h ie v e r e q u i s i t e d im e n s io n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y be r e q u i r e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r coo lants and cutting and l u b r i c a ti n g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e wh en to o ls need d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at the s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e usually a c q u ir e d th ro u gh c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g and exp erien ce. w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r ts and fi n i s h e d to o ls and d ies to a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r ts to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a ll o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the t o o l and die m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s roun ded t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e usuall y a c q u i r e d th ro ugh f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equiv ale nt t r a i n i n g and experien ce. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not include t o o l and die m a k e r s who (1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die job b in g shops o r (2) p ro d u c e f o r g i n g d ies (d ie s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y ENG IN EE R O p e r a t e s and m ain ta in s and m a y als o s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a t i o n o f s ta tio n a r y eng in e s and equip m ent ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to supply the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , he at, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r con ditionin g. W o r k i n v o l v e s : O p e r a t in g and m ain ta in in g equ ipm en t such as s t e a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila t in g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e qu ip m en t, s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r pum ps; m ak in g equipm en t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a ti o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and f u e l con su mptio n. M a y als o s u p e r v i s e th es e o p e r a ti o n s . H ead o r c h ie f e n g i n e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one e n g i n e e r are exclu ded. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clude m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die jobbing shops. T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C on s tr u c ts and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , gau g es , o r m e t a l d ies o r m o ld s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , ru b b e r, g l a s s ) . W ork typ ica lly in v o lve s : P la n n in g and la y in g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b l u e p r in ts , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; understa ndin g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d to c o m p le t e task; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y shop com puta tions; setting up and o p e r a t i n g v a r i o u s m ac h in e t o o l s and r e l a t e d equip m ent; using v a r i o u s t o o l and die m a k e r ' s handtools and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; B O IL E R T E N D E R F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to fu r n is h the e s ta b lis h m en t in wh ich e m p l o y e d w ith he at, p o w e r , o r s te a m . F e e d s fuels to f i r e by hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and checks w a t e r and s a f e ty v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m equ ip m en t. MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL T R U C K D R IV E R S H I P P I N G A N D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K — Continued D r i v e s a tr u c k with in a c ity o r i n d u s t r i a l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , equip m en t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s ty p es o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts such as: M an u fa ctu rin g p la nts, f r e i g h t de po ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s * houses o r p l a c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y als o loa d o r unload tr u c k w ith o r without h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e ep tr u c k in good w o r k i n g o r d e r . S a l e s - r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r ou te s , a v a i l a b l e m ea n s o f tr a n s p o r t a t i o n , and r a t e s ; and p r e p a r i n g r e c o r d s o f the goods ship ped, m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p ostin g w e i g h t and shipping c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f i l e o f shipping r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g the m e r c h a n d i s e f o r shipm en t. R e c e i v i n g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r i f y i n g o r d i r e c t i n g o t h e rs in v e r i f y i n g t h e ’ c o r r e c t n e s s o f shipm en ts against b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; check ing f o r s h o r ta g e s and r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d good s ; routin g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a rtm e n ts ; and m ain ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d by s i z e and ty p e o f e q u ip m en t, as f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r should be r a te d on the b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c i t y .) T ru ck d river, T ru ck d rive r, T ru ck d rive r, T ru ck d river, F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : lig ht tr u c k (un der IV 2 to ns) m e d i u m tr u c k ( 1 V2 to and in clu d in g 4 to n s ) h e a v y tr u c k ( t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) h e a v y tru c k ( o t h e r than t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) Sh ipping c l e r k R eceivin g clerk Sh ipping and r e c e i v i n g c l e r k S H IP P IN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K WAREHOUSEMAN P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r ship m en t, o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i n c o m i n g ship m en ts o f m e r c h a n d i s e o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s . Shipping w o r k A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s in g duties w h ich r e q u i r e an understa nding o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s s t o r a g e p l a n . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t 35 WAREHOUSEMAN— Continued M A TE R IA L HANDLING LABORER— Continued o f the f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r i a l s ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) against r e c e i v i n g d ocum ents , noting and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and ob vious d a m a g e s ; routing m a t e r i a l s to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e lo c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , sta cking, o r p a l l e t i z i n g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m eth od s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and ta king i n v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r tin g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and damag'e; r e m o v i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r shipment. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r tr uck s in p e r f o r m i n g w a r e h o u s in g duties. c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r tr a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; unpacking, s h e lv in g , Or p la c in g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; and t r a n s p o r ti n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , who loa d and unload ships, a r e e x c l u d e d . E xclud e w o r k e r s w h os e p r i m a r y duties i n v o l v e shipping and r e c e i v i n g w o r k ( s e e Shipping and R e c e i v i n g C l e r k and Shipping P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f i l l i n g (s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a tin g p o w e r tru c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) . PO W E R -TR U C K O PE R A TO R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d tru c k o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t goods and m a t e r i a l s o f a l l kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m an u fac tu rin g plant, o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e t r u c k , as fo l l o w s : c l a s s i f i e d by type o f p o w e r - ORDER F IL L E R F i l l s shipping o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d goods f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s li p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r i n s tr u c tio n s . M a y , in addition to f i l l i n g o r d e r s and ind icatin g i te m s f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e ep r e c o r d s o f ou tg oing o r d e r s , r e q u i s i t i o n ad d i ti o n a l stock o r r e p o r t s h o rt suppli es to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t e d duties. S H IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u c ts f o r shipment o r s t o r a g e by p la c in g th em in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a tio n s p e r f o r m e d b ein g dependent upon the ty p e, s i z e , and n u m b e r o f units to be p ac k ed , the ty pe o f c on ta in e r e m p l o y e d , and m eth o d o f ship m ent. W o r k r e q u i r e s the p lac in g o f i t e m s in shipping con tain e rs and m a y i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f sto ck in o r d e r to v e r i f y content; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e typ e and s i z e o f c on ta in e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c on tain e r ; using e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e alin g con tainer; and ap ply in g la b e ls o r e n te r in g i d e n tify in g data on con tain e r. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ak e wo od en b ox es o r c r a te s a r e exclu ded. M A T E R I A L H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m anufactu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r ot h e r e s ta b l i s h m e n t wh os e duties i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and unloading v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t F o r k lift operator P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) GUARD AND W A TC H M A N G u a r d . P e r f o r m s routine p o l i c e d uties, e i t h e r at f ix e d post o r on t o u r , m ain ta in in g o r d e r , using a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . Includes guar ds who a r e statio ned at gate and check on i d e n tity o f e m p l o y e e s and other persons en te rin g . W a t c h m a n . M a k e s rounds o f p r e m i s e s p r o p e r t y again st f i r e , th eft, and i l l e g a l e n try . p erio d ically in p r o t e c t i n g JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R C leans and k e ep s in an o r d e r l y con dition f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm en t house, o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. Duties i n v o l v e a c om b in atio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w ee p in g , m op p in g o r s c ru b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g chips, t r a s h , and oth e r r e f u s e ; dusting equip m en t, f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l fi x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g suppli es and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and cleaning l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c i a l i z e in win dow w as h ing a r e e x c l u d e d . Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory of area wage studies including more limited studies conducted at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased fro m any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover o r from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Area Akron, Ohio, Dec. 1976 1__________________________________________ Albany-Schenectady— ro y, N .Y ., Sept. 1976_____________________ T Anaheim— Santa Ana-Garden Grove, C alif., Oct. 1976____________ Atlanta, Ga., M ay 1976___________________________________________ Austin, Tex., Dec. 19751 _ ______________________________________ _ B altim ore, Md., Aug. 1976________________________________________ B illin gs, Mont., July 1976_________________________________________ Binghamton, N .Y ^ P a ., July 1976 1_______________________________ Birmingham, A la., M ar. 19761 ____________________________________ Boston, M ass., Aug. 1976_________________________________________ Buffalo, N .Y ., Oct. 1976___________________________________________ Canton, Ohio, May 1976_____________________ _____________________ Chattanooga, Tenn.— Ga., Sept. 1976_______________________________ Chicago, 111., May 1976____________________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio— Ky.—Ind., M ar. 1976____________________________ Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1976___________________ ____________________ Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1976________________________________________ Corpus C hristi, T ex., July 1976__________________________________ Dallas— o r t Worth, Tex., Oct. 1976______________________________ F Davenport— Rock Island— oline, Iow a-Ill., Feb. 1976____________ M Dayton, Ohio, Dec. 1975___________________________________________ Daytona Beach, F la ., Aug. 1976___________________________________ Denver—Boulder, C olo., Dec. 1976_______________________________ Detroit, Mich., M ar. 19761 ________________________________________ F o rt Lauderdale— Hollywood and West Palm Beach— Boca Raton, F la ., Apr. 1976____________________________________ F resno, C alif., June 1976_________________________________________ G ain esville, F la., Sept. 1976______________________________________ Green Bay, W is., July 1976_______ _______________________________ Greensboro— Winston-Salem— High Point, N.C., Aug. 1976________ G reen ville— Spartanburg, S.C., June 1976 1_______________________ H artford, Conn., M ar. 1976_______________________________________ Houston, T ex., A p r. 1976_________________________________________ Huntsville, A la., Feb. 1976 _______________________________________ Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1976______________________________________ Jackson, M iss., Feb. 1976_________________________________________ Jacksonville, F la ., Dec. 1975_____________________________________ Kansas City, Mo.— Kans., Sept. 1976 1 _____________________________ Lexington— Fayette, K y., Nov. 19751______________________________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif., Oct. 1975 1 ____________________ Lou isville, Ky.—Ind., Nov. 1976___________________________________ Melbourne— itu s v ille — T Cocoa, F la ., Aug.1975____________________ Memphis, Tenn.— rk^-M iss., Nov. 1976 1 A _______________________ * Prices are determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. * Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Bulletin number and p ric e * 1900-76, 1900-59, 1900-67, 1900-30, 1850-83, 1900-52, 1900-39, 1900-49, 1900-11, 1900-53, 1900-70, 1900-28, 1900-57, 1900-32, 1900-7, 1900-62, 1900-68, 1900-41, 1900-63, 1900-25, 1850-73, 1900-45, 1900-73, 1900-15, 85 cents 55 cents 75 cents 85 cents 75 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents 95 cents 85 cents 75 cents 55 cents 55 cents $1.05 75 cents 95 cents 75 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 45 cents 45 cents 85 cents $1.25 1900-20, 1900-29, 1900-54, 1900-37, 1900-47, 1900-36, 1900- 14, 1900-26, 1900- 17, 1900-58, 1900-8, 1850-81, 1900-60, 1850-84, 1850-86, 1900-69, 1850-54, 1900-75, 55 cents 55 cents 45 cents 55 cents 65 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 75 cents 55 cents 45 cents $1.05 75 cents $1.15 55 cents 65 cents 85 cents Area M iam i, F la., Oct. 1976___________________________________________ Milwaukee, W is., A p r. 1976______________________________________ Minneapolis— St. Paul, Minn,— is., Jan. 1976____________________ W Nassau— Suffolk, N .Y ., June 1976_________________________________ Newark, N.J., Jan. 1976__________________________________________ New Orleans, La., Jan. 1976_____ ________________________________ New York, N .Y .-N .J ., May 1976__________________________________ Norfolk— irgin ia Beach— V Portsmouth, V a ^ N .C ., May 19761____ Norfolk— irgin ia Beach— V Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— N.C., May 1976 1_____________ __________________ Northeast Pennsylvania, Aug. 1976_______________________________ Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug. 1976_________________________________ Omaha, Nebr^-Iowa, Oct. 1976____________________________________ Paterson— Clifton— assaic, N.J., June 1976______________________ P Philadelphia, P a ^ N .J ., Nov. 1976 1 ______________________________ Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 19761 ______________________________________ Portland, Maine, Dec. 1976 1____________________________________ Portland, Oreg.—Wash., May 1976_______________________________ Poughkeepsie, N .Y ., June 1976___________________________________ Poughkeepsie— Kingston— Newburgh, N .Y ., June 1976_____________ Providen ce— Warwick—Pawtucket, R .I.— ass., June 1976________ M Raleigh— Durham, N.C., Feb. 1976_______________________________ Richmond, Va., June 1976_________________________________________ St. Louis, Mo.— 111., M ar. 19761 __________________________________ Sacramento, C alif., Dec. 1976____________________________________ Saginaw, Mich., Nov. 1976 1 ______________________________________ Salt Lake City— Ogden, Utah, Nov. 1976__________________________ San Antonio, Tex., May 1976_____________________________________ San Diego, C alif., Nov. 1975______________________________________ San F ran cisco— Oakland, C alif., M ar. 1976______________________ San Jose, C alif., M ar. 1976_______________________________________ S eattle-E verett, Wash., Jan. 1976_______________________________ South Bend, Ind., M ar. 1976______________________________________ Stamford, Conn., May 19761______________________________________ Syracuse, N .Y ., July 1976 ________________________________________ Toledo, Ohio— Mich., May 1976____________________________________ Trenton, N.J., Sept. 1976_________________________________________ Utica^Rom e, N .Y ., July 19751____________________________________ Washington, D.C.— Md^-Va., M ar. 1976___________________________ W estchester County, N .Y ., May 1976____________________________ Wichita, Kans., Apr. 1976_____________ ___________________________ W orcester, M ass., Apr. 1976____________________________________ Y ork, P a., Feb. 1976_____________________________________________ Bulletin number and p r i c e * 1900-66, 1900-22, 1900-3, 1900-35, 1900-10, 1900-2, 1900-48, 1900-27, 75 cents 85 cents 95 cents 85 cents 85 cents 75 cents $1.05 85 cents 1900-33, 85 cents 1900-43, 65 cents 1900-42, 55 cents 1900-61, 55 cents 1900-38, 55 cents 1900-64, $1.10 1900-1, $1.15 1900-72, 85 cents 1900-51, 75 cents 1900-50, 45 cents 1900-55, 55 cents 1900-31, 75 cents 1900- 18, 55 cents 1900-34, 65 cents 1900- 19, $1.25 1900-71, 55 cents 1900-74, 75 cents 1900-65, 55 cents 1900-23, 65 cents 1850-77, 45 cents 1900-9; 95 cents 1900-13, 75 cents 1900-6, 65 cents 1900-5, 55 cents 1900-40, 85 cents 1900-44, 55 cents 1900-24, 55 cents 1900-56, 55 cents 1850-48, 80 cents 1900-12, 85 cents 1900-46, 55 cents 1900-21, 55 cents 1900- 16, 55 cents 1900-4, 55 cents U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont jgion II Region III Region IV 3535 Market Street, Suite 3400 Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 1515 Broadway P.O. Box 13309 New York, N.Y. 10036 Atlanta. Ga. 30309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 881-4418 (Area Code 404) Phone: 662-5406 (Area Code 212) Phone: 596-1154 (Area Code 215) New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Regions IX and X Region V .Region VI Regions VII and VIII Federal Office Building 450 Golden Gate Ave. 9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St. Second Floor Box 36017 911 Walnut St.. 15th Floor Chicago, III. 60604 555 Griffin Square Building San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312) Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Illinois IX X VII VIII Arkansas Indiana Arizona Alaska Iowa Colorado Michigan Louisiana California Idaho Kansas Montana Minnesota New Mexico Hawaii Oregon Missouri North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Nevada Washington Nebraska South Dakota Wisconsin Texas Utah Wyoming
