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REPORTS OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY THE UNITED STATES, IN OBEDIENCE TO THE ACT OF MAY 10, 1800, ' SOPPLEMENTARY TO T H E ACT E N T I T I E D ' A N ACT TO E S T A B L I S H T H E TREASURY D E P A R T M E N T . ' " TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED THE REPORTS OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON, PUBLIC CREDIT, A NATIONAL BANK, MANUFACTURES, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MINT. / V O L . V. WASHINGTON: P R I N T E D BY J O H N C. R I V E S . 1851. • TABLE OF CONTENTS. R E P O R T BY M R . W A L K E R , D E C E M B E R , Mi 1845. REPORTS SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. DECEMBER, 1845. , TREASURY DEPARTMENT, i?e6*m&er 3, 1845i IN obedience.to the " A c t supplementary to the act to establish the Treasury Department," the undersigned respectfully submits the following report: The receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year endirig the 30th June, 1845, were as follows: ' , RECEIPTS AND MEANS. \ From c u s t o m s . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . fi . . . . . . .-^ . . .$27,528,112 70From sales^of pubhc^lands....._. -. - - ^ . , . . . . . . , . . 2,077,022 30 Frorri miscellaneous sources. , .. 163,998 56 Total r e c e i p t s . . : . . . . - . . . . . :. . . . . . . §9,769,133 56 Add balance in the Treasury 1st July, 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . 7,857,379 64 Total means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . 37,626,513 20 The expenditures during the same fiscal year amounted to the sum o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,968,206 98 Leaving a balance iri the Treasury on the 1st July, 1845, df . \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 , 6 5 8 , 3 0 6 22 As appears in detail by accompanying statement A. The estimated receipts arid expenditures for the fiscal year ending SOth June, 1846, are as folloivs: . • VOL.Y.—L 2 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. RECEIPTS, V I Z : From customs, 1st quarter, by actual returns of the collectors .,-. ^ i . . . . . . . . : . . i ..,-•...:.-..^..:.;.,::,...,,:.,..,:--'$8,861^932 14 For the.2d, 3d, and 4th quarters, as estimated. . . . . . . . 15,638,067 86 Total froni c u s t o m s . . . . . / . . - . . . . . . . V.. . . . . . . . . .^ 24,500,000 00 From salesof public l a n d s . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :2,200,6oO 00 From miscellarieous arid incidental s o u r c e s . . . . . . . . . . . 120,000 00 Total receipts. . . . . . : . . : . : : , . • . . .i . . . . . . . 26,820,000 00 Add balance in the Trea:sury bn the 1 st July, 1 8 4 , 5 . , . . ; 7,658,306 22 < Total means, as e s t i m a t e d , . . . : . . . . . . . . . : . . . , , . 34,478,306 22 ,'.•'.'.•• •..V'.^'.' EXPENDITURE Sj-VIZ:- The actual expenditures for the first quarter ending the S^Oth September^ • 1S455 :'. •aniounted to the sum of,w.y^.^•,^ As appears in. detail by accomp.anying ' statement B . ,' , •_ •..'• ••,;.>•' ', - '••'^•, ' "^ ' ' . . ; • ^ ' • . ' .':fi-'--r.^:'::'fi-:^'' ••'\..:"'-•' •' / ' '-'fi.^- . ' The estimated expenditures fbr the pubhc '. - . . \ seryice during the other three: q^^^ , :.v /from 1st.-October; 1845, to 30 • ' ' \ lS46,-a:re.asfbhbwsv'viz-r--^^''^-\::'.'^^ .•••;.'•• -.'":^ fi''-^^'':-' Givil list, foreigri iritgrG^ t -; ^ • v'. - ^ lane;dus p u r p o s e s ^ . . . . ! : , . , . ....^..^^ 6^730,211 06^ . : ' :.'•-). Army pfdper. . : . . : : : ; . . . . . . . . .1 .V.. . y . 2^594,735 06 -, / / Fortifications^ordriance, arrningipiliti^,^&e. 2^ ' ^ '. Indian d e p a r t m e n t : . . . . . . ^ i . l . . . . . . . . 1,649,791^S^ • Perisions \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . 1,356,556 02 • Interest ori public debt and Trbasury notes . 856,976 Redemptibn of the* residue of the loan of : •184fi.,fi..:y,f^ . : . . . : : . .\,\,^'..^^ • .. 29,300, 00//• ^-V^;:-: • Treasurynotesyi^lfithajre yet outstanding ' .' and payable when presented- - - . . . - -. •- 6S7,764r; 18 ! Naval e s t a b l i s h m e r i t : . . : : ! . . . . . . . . ; . . . ^ 4,902,845 93 . •": : : . ' ':•'• •• ••• ^ ^ • j ; -' • . : ^ f i m f i i 5 i '90" Which deducted from the total of means before stated, . ./ 'leaves i n t h e Treasury on the i s t July, 1846, an esti^ .; '•'• mated balance o f . ; . . . - . - . ? : , . . .-•. J . : . . . - - . : . : : - . . . . 4,851,254 32 But this balance is subject to be decreased by such additional approprialions as Congress shaU m^kQ,:to. be expended during the fiscalyear ending the 30th. June,, 184 and, to be altered by the sums wliich may * The Slim of-11.,548,99:7. for supplying tke defieiericy pi" reyeH.uefor.postage, and also $300,000 for postages of Congress and of executive bfficers, ar;e included, in the above sum of P9,627,051 90. . ' ' . [ : 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 3 be presented for pa:yment of the old funded and unfunded debt and old Treasury notes. .; The estimated receipts, means, and expenditures for the fiscal year commencing 1st July, .1846, arid ending 30th June, 1847, are as follows, viz;: . ; \ From customs for the four q u a r t e r s . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . .$22,500,000 00 Frorri sales of public lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . J , . . . 2,400,000 GO From miscellanepus and inciderital s o u r c e s . . . . : . : : . . . 100,000 00 Total r e v e n u e . ' . . . . : . . . - . - . . - . . . . - : : - V - ^ Add estimated balance to be in the Treasury on the 1st ; . July, 1 8 4 6 . . . . . . . . : . . . ..^ ^:..:.:. .c : : . . . v . : . , . - , . . . :,; ; 4,851^254-32 Total means for the service of the fiscai year eriding the 30th J u n e , 1 8 4 7 . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . .;29^851i254 32 ' • ' : • E X P E N D I T U R J E S . . •• • The expenditures during: the same pea^ipdi a,s estiniated bythe. .several Depart-. ments of State, Treasuryj War, Navy, and PostjGQaster Gerieral, viz:. -r. .• T h e balarices of former appropri^ which will be required to be exp^ride^^ • •. • . . . . . . ;iri this yeaT.;.::..._::,..•.:.•.•.:..:.! lo-. .;••-'••.. Permanent and indefinite appropriations. '2,997,915 '72 Specific appropriations asked~for this year..-...>....,.:......,........21,079,440:43 ; Total estimated e x p e n d i t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . This sum is .cbrnposed of the fbllowing particulars: For civil list, foreignintercoursej arid misr^ " c^lmiQm^.\^^ For Army p r o p e r . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . : For fortifications, ordnance, arming.militia,. &C.1.....L................,...:.... For-pensions.,.;.:.... : . . . . . . . > . , . . , . _ - . . Forlndiandepartment...:.,,...:,.,..: For naval, establishment:.....:.:............. Interest on public d e b t . . . . . . . . . . . . > . . . . ..'• ; • • - . • . . . . • : . V'v- •••. ...."•• ..... ,25,518,813 25 : ' . . .: , - .. j 3^364,458 92 ; 4,331,809 93 : , 00 .. . 2,214,91:6 18.: . ,6^^ 835;844 72:., .2,507,;LOO . ;• ' ., / . ^ :• ;,• .^5,518,813.25 Which deducted from the.total of means before stated, ; ; .gives an estiniated balarice of the ist of July, 1847., of, 4,332,441 .07 * The sum of fl^ljOSO.of debt assumed foi^ the.cities in the District,of Columbia, tlie sum ;0f $1,000,000 for •supplying deficiency in the rsyenues from postage,-and $350,000 for postage's for Gongress arid ex.ecutive departments, are included in the foregoing sum of $5,925,292 62. 4 \ R]£PORTS OF T H E - [1845- The receipts for the first quarter of this year are less, by $2,011,885 90, than the receipts of the same quarter last year. Among the causes of' decrease' is the progressiye diminution of the importation of many highly-protected articles, and the substitutiori of rival domestic products. For the nine moriths ending June 30, 1843, since the present tariff, the average of duties upon dutiable imports was equal to 37.84 1-10 per cent,; for the year ending June 30, 1844, 33.85 9-10 per cent.; and for the year eriding June . 30, 1845, 29.90 per cent.—showing a. great, dirriinutiori in the average percentage, owing in part to increased irnportation ; o f / p m e articles bearirig the lighter duties, and decreased iniportation of others bearing the higher duty. The rpvenue from Aad valorem duties last year exceeded that realized fi-om specific,duties, althoughlthc: average of the ad valorem duties w a s only 23.57 per cent/, and the average of the specific duties 41.30; presenting another strong proof that lower duties increaise the^ revenue. Among the causes tending to augment the, revenue, are increased emigration and the annexation of ^Texas: T h e estiinates for the expenditures of 1846 are based chiefly upon appropriations made by Congress. The estima:ted expenditures of 1847 are fbunded .upon data furnished by the severar DepartnientSj and are less by $4,108,238 65 ^ than those of the precedirig year. : ./. ' ' , These.estimates are. submitted in the full conviction that, whenever Congress, guided by an enlightened eCbnoniy, can diminish thb expenditures withput injury.to the--public interest, such retrerichnient will be rnade, so as tb lighten" the burden of taxation, .and hasten- the extinguishment of the ^ pubhc debt, reduced on the 1 st of October last . to $17;075,445-.;52. ;,;.^.. •.fi'^'.'•"'''••' ^••" ••.•',.',••;. ^-''V ' ,V'--'\:-,:.- ' •' "fi\'^'''' In suggesting improyements in^ the •revenue -laws, the follbwing principles have beeri adopted:: / 1st. That no riiore money should "be collected than i s necessary for the wants of the Governriient, economically adniinistered. 2d. That no duty be imposed on any article above the lowest rate which will yield the largest amount of reyenue. 3d. That belpw, such rate diserirDinatiori may be, made desceriding, in the scale pf duties; or, for imperative reaspns, the^ article .may be placed in the list of those free from all duty. ^ . 4th. That the maximum revenue duty should be imposed on luxuries.. '• _.^ . '•;;:.. •, • •' .; • : '; • , ' . . • 5th. ' T h a t a l l rninimums, a n d all specific duties, should b e abolished,, a n d - a d valorem duties substituted in ;their place—care being taken t6 g u a r d against fraudulerit invoices arid uridervaluation, and. to assess the duty upon the actual market "value. 6th.^ That the duty should be so imposed as to operate as equally as possible thrbughout the Union, discriminating neither for nor against any class:or section. No horizontal scale of dutie.s is recomrnend because such a scale would be a refusal to discriminate for revenue, and might sink that revenue below, the wants of the Gpvernment. Some articles will yield the largest revenue at duties that wpuld be wholly or partially prohibitory in other cases. LuxurieSj, as a general rule, will bear the highest revenue 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF THE. TREASURY. 5 duties: but even sorne very costly luxuries, easily smuggled, will bear but a light duty for revenue, whilst other articles, of great bulk and weight, wUl bear a higher duty for revenue. There is no instance within the knowledge of this Department of any horizontal tariff* ever having been enacted by any one of the nations of the world. There must be discrimination fbr revenue, or the burden of taxation must be augmented, in order to bring the same amourit of money into the Treasury. It is difficult, also, to adopt any arbitrary maximum to which an inflexible adherence must be demanded in all cases. Thus, upon brandy and spirits, a specific duty, varying as an equivalent a:d valorern from 180 to 261 per cent., yields a large revenue; yet no one wPuld propose either of these rates as a maximum. These duties are too high for revenue, from the encouragement they present for smuggling these baneful luxuries ; yet a duty of 20 per cent, upon brandy and spirits would be far below the revenue standard, would greatly diminish the income on these imports, require increased burdens upon the necessaries of life, and would revolt the moral sense of the whole community. There are many other ^ luxuries which will bear a much higher duty for revenue than 20 per cent.; and the only true maximum is that which experience demonstrates will bring, in each case, the largest revenue at the lowest rate of duty. Npr should maximum revenue duties be imposed upon all articles; for this would yield too large an income, and would prevent all discrimination within the revenue standard, and require necessaries to be taxed as high as luxuries. But, whilst it is impossible to adopt any horizontal ' scale of duties, or even any arbitrary maximum, experience proves that, as a general rule, a duty of 20 per cent., ad valorem' will yield the largest revenue. There are, however, a few exceptions above, as well as many below, this standard. Thus, whilst the lowest revenue duty on rnPst luxuries exceeds 20 per cent., there are niany costly articles of small bulk, easily sniuggled, w:hich would bring, perhaps, no revenue at a duty as high as 20 per cent., and even at the present rate of 7 J per cent., they yield, in most cases, a sniall revenue; whilst coal, iron, sugar, and molasses, articles of great bulk and weight, yielded last year six milhons of revenue, at an average rate of duty exceeding 60 per cent, dd valorem. These duties are far too high for revenue upon all these articles, and ought to be reduced to the revenue standard; but if Congress desire to obtain the largest revenue from duties on these articles, those duties, at the lowest rate for revenue, would exceed 20 per cent, ad valorem. There are appended to. this report tables, prepared with great care ahd labor, showirig the rates of duty ea:ch year on each of these four articles, and the equivalent ad valorem from the organization of the Government down to the present period, with the revenue cpllected every year upon each; from which tables Congress will be enabled to judge how, far the present rates exceed the lowest revenue • duties, and how much they must be reduced so as to yield a revenue equal to that now obtained from these articles^ It-is believed that sufficient means can be obtained at the lowest revenue duties on the articles now subjected to duty; but if Congress desire a larger revenue, it should be procured by taxing the free articles 6 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. rather than transcend, in any case,, the lowest revenue duties. I t i s thought, however, that, without exceeding that limit in any case, an adequate revenue will still be produced, and piermitthe addition to the free list of salt and guano. In one of his annual rnessages Mr. Jefferson recpmmended to Congress **the suppressiori of the duties.on salt." A large portion of this duty is exhausted in, heavy expenses of measuring salt^ and in large sums paid for fishing bounties and allowances in lieii of the drawback of the duty j both which expenditures would fall with a repeal ofthe duty.; which repeal, therefore, can cause no considerable reduction ofthe revenue. Salt is a necessary of life, and should.be as free from tax as air. or water. I t i s used in large quantities by the farmer and planter;_ and to the poor this tax operates most oppressively, not. only in the. use of the a.rticle itself, but as combined with salted provisions. . The salt made abroad by solar evaporation is also mpst pure arid wholesome, and, as conservative, of health, should be exempt froni taxatiori. . . :. The duty on cottpn-bagging is equivalent to 55.20 per cent, ad valbrem on the Scotch bagging, and.to 123.11 per cent, on the gunny-bag; and yet the 'Whole revenue from these, duties.has fallen to $66j064 50. Nearly the entire . amount, therefore, pf this. enormbus tax , makes, no addition to the reveriue, but inures to the benefit of, about thirty manufacturers. As five-sixths of the cotton cropis exported abroad, the sahie proportion of the bagging around the bale is exported^ and sold abroad a t a heavy loss; growing out of. a deduction for tare. Now, as duties, are designed to operate only ori the doriiestic consumption, there ought to be a drawback of the whole duty on cottPn-bagging reexported around the bale, on. the same .p.rinciples on which drawbacks are allowed in other cases. The cotton planting is the great, exporting iriterest, and Suffers from the tariff in the double capacity of corisumer a:nd exporter. Cotton is the great basis bf our foreign.exchange, furnishing most of the means to purchase imports and supply the reveriue. It is thiis the source of two-thirds ofthe revenue, and. of our fpreign ff,eight and commerce, upholding our comniercial marine and maritirne powers It is also a bond of peace with foreign nations^ constituting a sti'onger .preventive of war than armies or navies^ forts or armaments. At preserit prices^ orir cptton crop will yield an annual product of $72,000,000, and the manufactured fabric $504,000^000, furnishing profits abroad to thousands of capitalists, and wages to hundreds of thousands o f t h e working classes; all of whom would be deeply injured by any disturbance, growing out of a state of war, tothe direct and adequate supply of the raw material. If Pur. manufdcturers consume . four hundred thousand bales, it would cbst thern. $12,000^000 whilst selling the riian^ ufactured fabric for $84,000,000; and they should be the last to unite in imposing heavy taxes upon that great interest which supplies them with the raw material o.ut of which they realize such large p>rofits. Accompariying the drawback of the duty ori cotton-bagging should be the repeal of the duty on foreign cotton, which is inoperative and delusive, and riot desired by the dornestic producer^ fi •'•• . : The conditiori of our foreign felations, it is.said, shpuld Suspend the reduction bf the tariff. No Ameiican patriot can desire to arrest out: 1845.]: S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 7 onward career in peace arid prosperity; but if, unhappity, such should be the result, it would create an increased necessity for reducing ouf present high duties in order to obtain sufficient revenue to rneet increased expenditures. The duties for the quarter ending the 30th September, 1844, yielded $2,011,885 90 more of fevenue than the quarter endirig 30th Septembier, 1845; showing a very considerable dechne of the revenuCj growing out of a diminished importation of the highly-protected articles and the progressive substitutiori of the domestic rivals. Indeed, rriany ofthe duties are becoming dead letters, except for the purpose of prohibition, and, if not reduced, will ultirriately cpnipel theif advocates to resort tp difect taxation to support the Governmerit. In the event of war, nearly, all the high duties would become prohibitory ^ from the increased risk and cost of importations; and if there be, indeed, in the opiniori of any, a serious danger of such an occurrence, it appeals most strongly to their patriotisrri to impose the low^est revenue duties on all articles, as the only means of securing, at such a period, any considerable income from the tariff. The whole power to collect taxes, whether direct or indirect, is conr ferred by the'same clause of the Constitution. The words are, " The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and'excises." A direct tax or excise, npt for revenue, but for protection, clearly wpuld riot be within the legitimate object of-taxation; and yet it would be as much so as a duty iniposed for a similar purpose. The power is "to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises." A duty rriust be laid only that it maybe collected; and if it is sP irriposed that it cannot be collected, in whole or in part, it violates the declared object of the granted power. To lay all duties so high that non^ of them could be collected would be a prohibitory tariff. To lay a duty on any one article so high that it could not be.collected would be a prohibitory tariff upon that article, If a duty pf 100 per cent, were imposed upon all or upon a nurnber of articles, so as to.diminish the revenue upon all or any of them, it would operate as a partial prohibition. A partial and a total prohibitibn are alike in violation of the true object pf the taxing power. . They orily differ in degree, and not in pririciple. If the revenue limit^may be exceeded one pef cent.,; it may be exceeded one hundred.. If it may be exceeded ,upoii any one article, it may be exceeded on all; and there is no escape from this conclusion, but in bontending that Gongress rriay lay duties on all articles so high as to collect no revenue, and operate as a total prohibition. The Constitution declares that, "all bills for raising revenue shall originate in. the House of Representatives." A tariff bill, it is conceded, cari only priginate in the House, because it is a. hill for raising revenue. That is the only proper object of srich a bill. A tariff is a bill to " l a y arid collect taxes." It is a bill for " raisirig revenue;" and whenever it departs from that object, in whole or in part, either by tptal or partial prohibition, it violates the purpose of the grarited power. In arranging the details ofthe tariff, it is believed that the niaximum revenue duties should be irriposed upon luxuries. It is deemed just that taxation, whether direct or indirect, should be as nearly as practicable in propoftiori to property: ^ If the whole revenue were raised by a tax 8 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. upon property, the poor, and especially those who live by the Wages of labor, would pay but a very sniall portion of such tax; whereas, by the tariff, the poor, by the consumption of various imports, or domestic articles enhanced in price by the duties, pay a much larger share, of the taxes than if they were collected by an assessment in proportion to property. To counteract, as far as possible, this effect of the tariff—to equalize its operation, arid make it approximate as nearly as may be to a system of taxes in proportion to property—the duties, upon luxuries, used almost exclusively by the rich, should be fixed at the highest revenue standard. This would notbe discriminating in favor ofthe poor, however just that might be within the revenue limit; but it would mitigate, as far as practicable, that discrimination against the poor which results from every tariff, by compelling them to pay a larger amorint of taxes than if assessed and eoliected on all property in proportion to its value. In accordance witb these principles, it is believed that the largest practicable portion of the aggregate revenue should be raised by maximum revenue duties upon luxuries, whether grown,produced,pr manufactured at home or abroad. An appeal has been made to the poor, by the friends of protection', on the ground that it augments the wages of labor. In reply, it is contended that the wages of labor have riot augmented since the tariff of 1842, and that in some cases they have diminished. Wheri the number of manufactories is not great, the power of the system to regulate the wages of labor is inconsiderable; but as the profit pf capital invested in manufactures is augmented by the protective tariff, there is a corresponding increase of power, until the control of such capital over the wages of labor becomes irresistible. As this power is exercised frPm time to time, we find it resisted by combinations among the working classes, by turning out for higher wages, of for shorter time; by trades-unions; and in some countries, unfortunately, by violence and bloodshed. But the Government, by protective duties, arrays itself on the side ofthe manufacturing system, and, by thus augrnenting its wealth and power, spon terminates in its favor the struggle between man and money—between capital and labor. When the tariffof 1842 was enacted, the maximum duty was twenty per cent. By that act, the average of duties on the protected articles was more than double. But the wages of labor did not increase in a corresponding ratio, or iri any ratio whatever. On the contrary, whilst wages in some cases have diminished, the prices of many articles used by the working classes have greatiy appreciated. . . • A protective tariff is a question regarding the enhancement of the profits of capital, That is its object, and not to augrnent the wages of labor, which would reduce those profits. It is a question of percentage, and is to decide whether money vested in our manufactures shall, by special legislation, yield a profit of ten, twenty, or thirty per cent., or whether it shall remain satisfied with a dividend equal to that accruing from the same capital invested in agriculture, commerce, or navigation.' The present tariff is unjust and unequal, a s well in its details as in the principles upoii.whicli:it is founded. On soriie afticies the duties afe entirely prohibitory, arid on others there is a partialprohibition. It discriminates in favor of manufactures, and against agriculture, by 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 9 imposing many higher duties upon the manufactured fabric than upon the agricultural product out of which it is made. It discriminates in favor of the manufacturer, and against the mechanic, by many higher duties upon the manufacture than upon the article made out of it by the mechanic. It discriminates in favor of the nianufacturer, and against the merchant, by injurious restrictions upon trade and commerce; and against the ship-building and navigating interest, by heavy duties on almost every article used in building or navigating vessels. It discriminates in favor of manufactures, and against exports, which are as truly tlie product of American industry as manufactures. It discriminates in favor o f t h e rich, and against the poor, b y high duties upon nearly all the necessaries of life, and by minimums and specific duties, rendering the tax upon the real value much higher On the cheaper than upon the finer article. 'Minimums are a fictitious value, assumed by law, instead of the real value; and the operation of all minimums may be illustrated by a single example. Thus, by the tariff of 1842, a duty of thirty per cent, ad valorem is levied on all manufactures of cotton; but the law further provides that cotton goods " nPt died, colored, printed, or stained, not exceeding in value twenty cents per square yard, shall be valued at twenty cents per square yard." If, then,.the real value of the cheapest cottpn goods is but four cents a square yard, it is placed by the law at the false value of twenty cents per square yard, and the duty levied on the fictitious value—raising it five times higher on the cheap article consumed by the poor, than upon the fine article purchased by the more wealthy. Indeed, by House document No. 306, of the first session of the Twenty-eighth Congress, this difference, by actual importation, was 65 per cent, between the cheaper and the finer article of the 20 per cent, minimum, 131 per cent, on the 30 per cent, minimum, 48J per cent, on the.. 35 per, cent, minimum, 84 per cent, on the 60 per cent, minim^um, and 84 per cent, on the 75 per cent, minimum. This difference is founded on actual irriportation, and shows an average discrimination against the poor ori cotton imports of 82 per cent, beyond what the tax would be if assessed upon the actual value. The operation of the specific duty presents a similar discrimination against the poor and in favor ofthe rich. Thus, upon salt: the duty is not upon the value, but it is eight cents a bushel, whether the article be coarse or fine—showing, by the same document, from actual importation, a discrimination of sixty-four per cent, against the cheap and in favor of the finer article; and this, to a greater or less extent, is the effect of all specific duties. When we consider that $2,892,621 74 of the revenue last year was collected by minimum duties, and $13,311,085 46 by specific duties, the discrimination against the cheaper article must, amount, by estimates founded on the same document, to ai tax of $5,108,422 exacted by minimums arid specific duties annually from the poorer classes, by raising thus the duties on the. cheaper articles above w h a t , they would be if the duty were assessed upon the actual value. If direct taxes were made specific, they would be intolerable. Thus, if an annual tax of thirty dollars was assessed on all houses, without respect to their actual value, making the owner of the humble tenement 10 R E P O R T S OF T H E / [1845. or cabin pay a tax of thirty dollars and the owner of the costly .mansion a tax of but thirty dollars on their respective houses, it would differ only in degree, but not in principle, from the same unvarying specific duty on cheap as on fine articles. If any discrimination should be made, it should be the reverse of the specific duty, and ofthe mini^ mum principle, by estabhshing a niaximum standardj abov^e which value the duties on the finer article should be highef, and below which they should be lower on the- cheaper articlci The tax upon the actual value is the most equal, and can only be accomplished by ad valorem duties. As to fi-audulent invoices and undervaluations, these dangers are believed to be arrested effectually by the stringent provisions and severe penalty ofthe 17 th section of the tariff of 1842; and now, onehalf the revenue is collected from ad valorem duties. Atleast two-thirds, of the taxes imposed by the present tariff are paid, not into the Treasury, but to the protected classes. The revenue from iniports last year exceeded tw^enty-seven millions ofdollars.. This, in itself, is a heavy tax; but the whole tax imposed upon the people by , the present tariff is not less than eighty-one millipns of dollars-^of which twenty-seven millions are paid to the Government, upon the irriports, and fifty-four millions to the protected classes, in enhanced prices of similaT domestic articles. , . • This estimate is. based upon the ppsition that the. duty is added tothe price of the import, and also of its domestic rival. If the import is enhanced in price by the dutyj so niust be the domestic rival; for, being like articles, thek price must be the same in the same market. The merchant advances in cash the duty on the import, and adds the duty, with a/profit upon it, and other charges, tothe price—which must therefore be enhanced .to that extent, unless. the foreign producer has first deducted the duty from the price. But this is impossible: for such now is, and long has been, the superabundance of capital and active compe* tition in Europe, that a profit of six per cent, in any business is sufficient to produce large investments of money in that business; and if, by our tariff, a duty of forty percent, be exacted ori the products of such busiriess, and the foreign producer deducts that duty from his previous price, he must sustain a heavy loss. This loss would also soon extend beyond the sales for our consumption to sales to our merchants of articles to be reexported by them from our ports with a. drawback of duty, which wpuld bring down their price throughout the markets of the wPrld. But this the foreign producer cannot afford. The duty, therefore^ must be added to the price, and paid by the consumer-^the duty constituting as much a part of the price as the cost of production. If it be true that, when a duty of forty per cent, is imposed by our tariff, the foreign producer first deducts thb duty from theprevious price on the sale to pur merchant, it must be equa:lly true with a duty of one hundred per cent., which is exactly equal to the previous price, and, when deducted. Would reduce the price to nothing. The occasional fall in price of some articles after a tariff' is nb proof that this was the effect of the tariffV because, from improved machinery, diminished.prices of the raw material, or other causes, prices may fall even after a tariff, but they Would in such cases have fallen much more 1845.1 SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. • -! • • . • 11 0 • (I but for the. tariff.. The truest comparison is between the present price of the same article at home arid abroad; and to the extent that the price is lower in the foreign, market than in bur own, the duty, if equal to that difference, must tp that extent enhance the price, and in the same ratio with the lower duty. The difference in price at home or abroa;d isgen-^ erally about equal to the difference in the cost of production, arid pre- ' sents.-,.in a series of years, the surest measure of the effect of the duty: the enhancement in price being equal to that difference, if the duty be higher than that difference or equal to it; or if the duty be. lower, then the enhancement is equal to the duty; and. if the article is produced^ like cotton, more cheaply here than abroad, the duty is inoperative. The great argument for the tariff is, that foreign labor being cheaper than our own, the cost of foreign productions, it is said, is lessened to that extent, and that we must make up this difference by an equivalent duty arid a corresporiding enhancement of price in our own market both on the foreign article arid of its rival domestic product-—thus rendering the duty a tax on all consumers fof the benefit,of the protected classes. If the marshal were sent by the Federal Gpvernment to 'collect a direct tax frPm the whole people,,to be paid over to manufacturing capitalists, to enable therii to sustain their business, or realize a larger profit, it would, be the same in effect as the protective duty, which, when analyzed in its simplest elements, and feduced to actual results, is a .mere subtraction of so much money from the people to increase the respurces of the protected classes. Legislation for classes is against the doctrine of equal rights, repugnant to the. spirit of. our free institutioris, and, it is appreherided by many, may become but another form for privileged orders, under the name of protectipn instead of privilege; indicated here not by rank or title, but by profits and dividends extracted from the manj^, by taxes upon theiii^ for the benefit of the few. . No prejudice is felt by the Secretary of the Treasury against manufacturers. His opposition is to the .protective system, and not to classes or- iridividuals. He doubts not that the manufacturers are sincerely persuaded that the system which is a source of so much profit to them is berieficial also to the country. He entertairis a contfary opinion, and clairrisfor the opponents of the system a settled convictiori ofits injurious effects. Whilst a due regard to the just and equal icights of all classes forbids a discrimination in favor of the manufacturers, by duties above the lowest revenue limit, no disposition is felt to discriminate against them by reducing such duties as operate in their favor below that standard. Under reyenue duties it is believed they would still , receive a reasonable prpfit, equal to. that, realized by those engaged in other pursuits; and it is thought they should desire no rriore, at least through the agency of governmental power. Equal rights and profits, so far.as laws are made, best corifofm to the principles upon which the -Constitution was founded, and with an undeviating regard tp which all its functioris should be exercised, looking to the wihole country and not to ..classes or sections. • Soil, climate,'and other causes, vary. very much in different countries the pursuits which are most profitable in each; and the prosperity of all of them will be best promoted by leaving them, unrestricted by legisla 12 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. tion, to exchange with each other those fabrics and products which they severally raise most cheaply. This is clearly illustrated by the perfect free trade which exists among all the States of the Union, and by the acknowledged fact that any one of.^ these States would be injured by imposing duties upon the products of the others. It is generally conceded that reciprocal free trade among nations would best advance the interest of all; but it is contended that we must meet the tariffs of other nations by countervailing restrictions. That duties upon our exports by foreign nations are prejudicial to us, is conceded; but whilst this injury is slightly felt by the manufacturers,: its weight falls almost exclusively upon agriculture, commerce, and navigation. If those interests which sustain the loss do not ask countervailing restrictions, it should not be demanded by the manufacturers, who do not feel the injury, and whose fabrics, in fact, are not excluded by the fbreign legislation of which they complain. That agriculture, commerce, and navigation are injured by foreign restrictions, constitutes no reason why they should be subject to still severer treatment by additional restrictions and countervailing tariffs enacted at home. Commerce, agriculture, and navigation, harassed as they may be by foreign restrictions, diminishing the amount of exchangeable products which they could otherwise purchase abroad, are burdened with heavier impositions at home. Nor wiih augmented duties here.lead to a reduction, of foreign tariffs, but the. reverse, by furnishing the'protected, classes there with the identical argumerit used by the protected classes here against reduction. By countervailing restrictions we injure our own felloW-citizens riiuch more than the foreign nations at whom we propose to aiin their force; and in the conflict of opposing tariffs we sacrifice our own commerce, agriculture, and navigation. As well might we impose monarchical or aristocratic restrictions on our oWii Government or people, because that is the course of foreign legislation. Let our commerce be as free as our political institutions. Let us, with revenue duties only, open our ports to all the world, and nation after nation will soon follow our example. If we reduce our tariff, the party opposed to the corn laws of England would soon prevail, and admit all our agricultural, products at all times freely into her ports, in exchange for her exports. And if England would now repeal her daties upon our \vheat, flour, Indian corn, and other agricultural products, our own restrictive system would certainly be doomed' to overthrow. If the question is asked. Who shall begin this w'ork of reciprocal redaction? it is answered by the fact that England has already abated her duties upon most of our exports. She has repealed the duty upon cotton, a,nd greatly reduced the duty upon our breadstuffs, provisions, and other articles; and her present bad harvest, if accompanied by a reduction of our tariff, would lead to the repeal of her corn laws, and thc unrestricted admission, at all times, of our agricultural products. The manufacturing interest opposes reciprocal free trade with foreign nations; it opposes the Zoll-Verein treaty; a n d i t is feared that no other treaty producing a reciprocal reduction of our bwn and foreign tariffs will receive its support. If that interest preferred a reciprocal exchange of our own for foreign fabrics at revenue duties, it would not have desired a tariff' operating, withput exception, against aU 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 13 nations that adopted low as well as high tariffs, nor would it have opposed every amendment proposing, when the tariff of 1842 was under consideration, a reduction of our duties upon the exports of such natioiis as would receive, free of duty, our flour and other, agricultural products. If that interest desired reciprocal free trade with other nations, it would have desired a very different tariff from that of 1842. It would have sought to confine the high duties to those cases where the foreign impprter would sell, his imports for cash only, and admitted a drawback of one-half of the duty where American exports would be taken abroad in exchange-^not an actual barter of foreign imports for an equal amount in value of our products, but without any barter where a sum equal to the value of their exports was used in purchasing here an equal amount in value of any of our products; a.nd the shipmerit made abroad of these prpducts upon the same principle under which a drawback of duties is.now allowed on the reexportation of foreign imports. This wpuld be less simple, and is not recommended in lieu of that absolute reduction of the duties which will accomplish the same object, of unrestricted exchange. But such a provision would be a selfexecuting reciprocity law, and should be desired, by those believing in countervailing tariffs against foreign nations, but in feciprocal free trade with all—thus enabling our farmers and planters to sell their products for cheaper foreign manufactures, getting more fpr what they sell, and paying less, for what they purchase in exchange. , It.seenis strange that w^hile the profit of agriculture varies from one to eight p.er cent., that of manufactures is more than double. The rea;son is, that whilst the high duties secure nearly a monopoly of the home niarket to the manufacturer, the farmer and planter are deprived to a great extent of the foreign market by these duties. The fEirmer and planter are, to a gfeat extent, fprbidden to buy in the foreign market, and confined to the domestic articles enhanced in price by the duties. The tariff is thus a double benefit to the manufacturer, and a double loss to the farmer and planter; a. benefit to the former in nearly a nionopoly of the home mafket, and in enhanced prices of their fabiics; and a loss to the latter in the pajmient of those high prices, and a total or partial exclusion from the foreigii market. The true question is, whether the farmer and planter shall, to a "great extent, supply,our people with cheap manufactures, purchased abroad with their agricultural products, or whether this exchange shall be forbidden by high duties on such manufactures, and their supply thrown, as a monopoly, at large prices, by high tariffs, into the hands of our own manufacturers. The number of manufacturing capitalists who derive the benefit from the heavy taxes extracted by the tariff from twerity millions of'people does not exceed ten thousand. The whole number (including the working classes engaged in our . manufactures) deriving any benefit from the tariff, does not excecji four hundred thousand, of whom not more than forty thousand have been brought into this pursuit by the last tariff. But this sniall number of forty thousand would still have been in the country, consuming our agricultural products;. and in the attempt to secure them as purchasers, so small, in number and not consuming one half the supply of many counties, the farmer and planter are asked to sacrifice the markets of the 14 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. world, containing a population of eight hundred millions j disabled froiii purchasing our products by our high duties on all they would sell in exchange. The farmer and .planter have the home market without a tariff, and they would have the foreign market also to a much greater extent but for the total or partial prohibition of the laist tariff. We have more fertile lands than anyother nation, can raise a gfeater variety of products, and, it may be said, could feed and clothe the people of nearly" all the world. The home market, 'Pf itself, is wholly inadequate for such products. They musthave the foreign market, or a large surplus, accompanied by great depression in price, must be the result. The States of Ohio, Indiana, and llhnois, if cultivated to their fullest extent, could, of themselves, raise more than suflicient food to supply • the entire home market. Missouri or Kentucky could more than supply it with hemp; already the State of Mississippi raises more cotton than is sufficient for all the home market;. Louisiana is rapidly approaching the same poirit as to sugar; and there are larids enough adapted to that product in Louisiana, Texas, and Florida, to supply with' sugar and molasses nearly all the markets of the world. If cotton is depressed in price by the tariff, the consequence must be a cPmparative diminution of the product, and the raising iri its place, to a great extent, hemp, wheat,: corn, stock, and provisions, which otherwise would be supplied by the teerriing products, of the West. The growing West in a-series' of years must be the greatest: sufferers by the tafiff, in depriving them of the foreign market and that of the ePttoii-growing States. We demand, in fact, for our agricultural products, specie from -nearly all the world, by heavy taxes upon all their manufactures ; and" their purchases from us must therefore be hmited, as Well as their sales tP us enhanced in price. Such a demand for specie, which we know in advance cannot be complied with, is nearly equivalent to a decree excluding most of Pur agricultural, products ;from the foreign markets. Such is the rigor of our restrictions, that nothing short of a famine opens freely, the ports of Europe for our breadstuffs. Agriculture is our chief employment; it is best adapted to our situation; and, if not depressed by the tariff, would be the most profitable. • W e can raise a larger surplus of agricultural products, and a greater variety, than almost any other natiori, and at cheaper rates. Rempve; then, from agriculture all our restrictions, arid by its own unfettered power it wih break down all. foreign restrictions, and, ours being removed, would feed the hungry arid clothe the po.or of our fellowr.men throughout allthe densely-peopled natioris of the world, But now we will take npthing in exchange, fbr these pfoducts but sp.ecie, except at very high duties; and nothing but a famine breaks down all foreigii restrictions, and opens, for a time the ports of Europe to our breadstuffs. If, on a reduction of our duties, Englarid repeals her corn laws, nearly all E.urppe must follow her example, or give to her manufacturers advantages which cannot be successfully encountered in most of the markets of the w ofId. The tariff did notraise the price of our breadstuffs ; but a bad harvest in Englarid does—giving us-for the time that foreign market which we would sPon have at all times by that repeal of the corn laws which must follPw the reduction of our duties> But whilst breadstuffs rise with a had hafvest in England, cotton almost 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 15 invariably falls; because the increased sum which, in that event, Engla.nd must pay for our breadstuffs, we will, take, not in manufactures, but only in specie; and not having it to spare, she brings down, even to a greater extent, the price of our cotton.. Hence the result that a bad harvest in Erigland reduces the aggregate price of our exports, often turns the exchanges against us, carryingour specie abroad, and inflicting a serious blow on our prosperity. Foreign nations cannot for a series of years import more than they export; and if we close our markets against their imports by high duties, they must buy less of our exports, or give alower price, or both. ^ Prior to the 30th of June, 1842, a credit was given for the payment of duties; since which date, they have been collected in cash. Before the.cash duties and the tariffof 1842, our trade in fbreign imports reex- . ported abroad afforded large and profitable employment to our merchants, and freight to our commercial marine, both for the inward and:outward voyage; but since the last tariff", this trade is being lost to the country, as is proved by the tables hereto annexed. The total amount, of foreign imports reexported during the three, years since the last tariff, both of free and dutiable goods, is $33,384,394—being far less than in any three/years (except during the war) since 1793, and less than was reexported in any one of eight several years. The highest aggregate of any three years was $173,108,813, and the lowest aggregate $41,315,705:—-being in the years 1794, 1795, and 1796. Before 1820, the free goods are not distinguished in this particular from the dutiable goods; but since that date the returns show the following result: ^During the three years since the tariff of 1842, the value of dutiable imports reexportedwas $12,590,811-—being less than in any one of seven years precedirig sirice 1820, the lowest aggregate of any thre.e years since that date being $14,918,444, and the liighest $57,727,293. Even before the cash duties, for five years preceding the high tariff of 1828, the value of dutiable goods reexported was $94,796,241; and for the five years succeeding that tariff; $66,784,192—showing a loss of $28,012,049 of our trade in foreign exports after the tariff of 1828. The diminution of this most valuable branch of commerce has been the combined result, of cash duties^and of the high tariff of 1842. If the cash duties are retained, as it isbelieved they should be, the oiily sure method of re storing this trade is the adoption of the warehousing system, by which the foreign imports may be kept in store by the Government until they are required for reexportation abrpad, or consumption, at home-^in which latter contirigency, and at the time when, for that purpose, they are taken out of these stores for consumption, the duties' are paid, and, if reexported, they pay no^duty, but only the expense of storage. Under the present system, the merchant introduces foreign imports of the value of $100,000. He must now, besides the advance for the goods, make a further /advance in cash, in many cases, of $50,000 for the duties. Under such a. system, but a small amount of goods will be iniported for drawbacks ; and the higher the duty, the larger must be the advance, and the smaller the impprts for reexportation. The imports, before payment: of duties, under the same regulations now applied to our imports in transit to Canada, may be taken: from 16 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. warehouse to warehouse—-from the east to the lakes, and to Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Louisville—from New Orleans to Natchez, Vicksburg, Memphis, and St. Louis—and warehoused in these and other interior ports, the duties remaining unpaid until the goods are taken out of the warehouse, and out of the original package, at such ports, for consumption; thus carr5ting our foreign commerce into the interior, with all the advantage of augmented business and cheaper supplies throughout the country. It will introduce into our large ports on or near the seaboard assorted cargoes of goods, to be reexported with our own, to supply the markets of the world. It will cheapen prices to the consumer, by deducting the interest and profit that are now charged upon the advance of duty—building up the marts of our own commerce, and giving profitable employment to our own commercialmarine. It will greatly increase our revenue, by augmenting our imports, together with our exports; and is" respectfully recommended to Cpngress, as an iniportant part of the whole system now proposed for their consideration. , The act of the 3d of March last, allbwing a drawback on foreign, imports exported from certain pf our ports to Canada, and also to Santa Fe and Chihuahua, in Mexico, has gone to some extent into effect under regulations prescribed by this Departnient, and is beginning to produce the most happy results, especially in an augmented trade in the supply of foreign exports to Canada from our own ports. Indeed this law must soon give to us the whole of this valuable trade during the long peiiod when the St. Lawrence is closed by ice, and a large proportion of it at all seasons. The result would be stiU mofe beneficial if Canada were allowed, to carry all her exports to foreign.nations in transitu through our own railroads, rivers, and canals, to be shipped from our own ports. Such a system, whilst it would secure to us this valuable trade, would greatly enlarge the business on our rivers, lakes, railroads, sind canals, as well as augment our .commerce, and would soon lead to the purchase, by Canada, not only of our foreigii exports^ but also, in many cases, of our domestic products arid fabrics, to complete an assortment. In this manner our commercial relations with Canada would become more intimate, and more and more of her trade every year would be secured to our people. ^ Connected with this Department and the finances is the question of the sales of the public lands. The proceeds of these sales, it is believed, should continue to constitute a portion of the revenue, diminishing to that extent the amount required to be raised bythe tariff. The net proceeds of these sales paid intp the Treasury during the last fiscal year was $2,077,022 3 0 ; and from the first sales in 1787 up to the 30th of Sep. tember last was $118,607,335 91. The average annual sales have been much less than two millions of acres ; yet the aggregate net proceeds of the sales in 1834, 1835, 1836, and 1837, was $51,268,617 82. Those large sales were almost exclusively for speculation; and this can only be obviated at all tinies by confining the sales to settlers and;cultivators in hmited quantities, sufl&cient for farms or plantations. The price at which the public lands should be sold is an important question to the whole country, but especially to the people of the new States, living mostly remote from the seaboard, and who have scarcely felt the pres 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 17 ence ofthe Government in locaf expenditures, but chiefly iri the exhaustion of their means for purchases of public lands and for customs. The public lands are riot of the same value, yet they are all fixed at one unvarying price, which is far .above the vsdue of a large portion ofthese lands. The quantity now subject to entry at the mininium price of $1 25 per acre is 133,307,457 acres, and 109,035,345 in addition, to which the Indian title has been extinguished—being an aggregate of 242,342,802 acres, and requiring a century and a quarter to complete the sales at the rate they have. progressed heretofore, without including any of the unsold lands of Texas or Oregon,.or of the vast region besides to which the Indian title is not yet extinguished., It is clear, then, that there is a vast and anriually-increasing surplus of public lands, very little of which will be soldwithin.anyreasonable period at the present price, arid in regard to which the pubhc interest would be promoted, and the reyenue augmented, by reducing the price. The reduction, of the price of the public lands in favor of settlers and cultivators worild enhance the wages of labor.. It is an argument urged iri favor of the tariff that we ought to protect our labof against what is called the pauper labor of Europe. But whilst the tariff does not enhance the wages of labor, the sales of the public lands at low .prices, arid in limited quantities to settlers and cultivators, would accomplish, this object. If those who five by the wages of labor could purchase 320 acres of land for $80, • 160.acres for $40,;or 80 acres for $20, or 40 acre lot for $10, the power of the manufacturing capitalist in reducirig the wages of labor would be .greatly dimiriished; because when these lands were thus reduced, in price,, those who live by the wages of labor could purchase farms: at theselowrates, and cultivate the soil for themselves and families, instead of working for others twelve hours a day in the manufactories. Reduce the price! which the laborer must pay for the public domairi ; bring thus the means of purchase within his. power; prevent all speculation and monopoly in the public lands; confine the sales to settlers: and cultivatofs in limited quantities; preserve these hundreds of rriilhons of acres, for ages to come, as honies for the poor and oppressed; reduce the, taxes by reducirig the tariff and bringing down the prices which the ppor are thus compelled to pay fof all the necessaries and comforts of life,, arid more will be dorie for the benefit of Ameiican labor than if millions were added to the profits pf manufacturing capital by the enactment of a protective tariff ; The Secretary of the Treasury, on coming into office, found the revenues deposited with banks. -The law bstablishing the Independent Treasury was fepealed,- and the Secretary had no power to reestabhsh that system. Congress had not only repealed that law, but, as a substitute, had adopted the. present system of depbsite banks, and prohibited changing.any.pne of those foj another bank except for specified reasons. No alternative was left but to continue the existirig system until Congress should think proper to change it. That change, it is hoped, will now be made by a return to the Treasury of the Constitution. One of the great evils of banks is/the constant expansion and contraction of the cufrency; and this evil is augmented by the deposites of the revenue with banks, whether State or national. T h e only proper course for the VOL. V.—2. 18 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. Governmerit is to keep its owri; money separate from all banks and bankers, in its own Treasury-^^whether in the mint, brarich mirits. Or othef Govefnment agericies—-and to use only gold and silvef coin in all receipts and disbursements. The business Pf the country will be more saf6 wheri an adequate supply of specie'is keptwithiri ouf limits, and its circulation encouraged by all the mearis withiri the power ofthe Government. If this Governmerit arid the States arid-the people unite in suppressing the useof specie, an adequate supply, for warit of a deriiand,' caririot be kept within ouf limits, and the conditipn of the busiriess and currency of the country will be perilous arid uncertain. •• It will be completely within the power of the bariks, whose paper will constitute the. exclusive circulation of the whole community. Nor will it be useful to establish a constitutional Trea;sury, if it is to receive or disburse the pap.er of banks.' Separation from banks in that case Would only be nominal, arid no addition would be made to the circulatiori of-gokl arid silver* Vaiious forms of paper credit have been suggested, as .connected with . the operations ofthe consti tutionail Treasury; but they are all cprisidered as impa,iring orie.Pf the great objects of such aL • Treasury-—-riamely, ari augmented circulatiori of specie. If paper, iri whatever form, of from whatever source it may issue, should be iritroduced aS a .circulation by the constitutional Treasufy, it would, precisely to that extent, diminish its use as a means of circulatirig gold .and silver. . : The constitutional Treasury could be rendered a most .powerful .auxiliary of the Mint in augmenting the' specie cif culatiori.' The amourit of public money which can be placed in the Mirit is now limited by law to one million pf dollafs; -and: to that exterit it is now used as a depository, and as a means'of iriereasing ouf coiriage. It is Suggested that this • limitation may be so modified as to perrriit the use -of our Mint and bfanch• mints'fbf a much larger sum, in coririectiori with the coristitutional Trea:sury. The amount of public -money received at New York greatly exceeds that colleeted at all othef points, 'and would of, itself seem to call for a'place of public deposite there; in view of which, the locatibri. of a branch of theMint of the Uriited States at that city Would be mpst convenient and useful. -The arguriient used against'a constitutional Treasury, of the alleged insec.ufity of the public funds in the hands of individuals j and especially .the vast ambunt collected at New York,, will be entirely obviated by such an establishments The Mirit ofthe United . States has now been in existence fifty-two years. It has.had the custbd;y of upwards of $114,000,000, arid duririg this long jpeiiod of time there never has been a loss of any of its specie in the •Mint by the Govefritoent. The Mint at Philadelphia is now coriduGted with great efficiency by the able and faithful officer at the head of that establishirierit, ' whosb general,supervisbry authofity, without leaving the parent Mint, might still be wisely extended ' tP . the brarich at NewYork. Besides the utility of such a brancfras'a place for keeping safely and disbursirig the public money j it is believed that the coinage might be great lyaug-^ riiented by the existence of a brarich of the Mriit at that grcM t^ity. It is there that two=-thif ds'of the revenue is aririually cpllected-^the whole of which, under the operation pf the coristitutioriar T r e a s u f y / w p u l d t e received in specie. Of that amount, a very large sum Would be received 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 19 in coin of other countries, and especially in foreign gold coins—aU which . J cbuld be .speedily converted, upon the spot, into our own coins of gold [ and silver. The amount .also of such foreign coin brought by emigrants to the city of New York is very considerable; a large portion of which ^ would find its way to the branch of the Mint for recoinage. The foreign gold coins do not, and it is feared will not, circulate generally as a Gufrency, notwithstanding .they are made a tender by law. The rate at which thesb coins afe fixed by law is riot familiar to the people; the 'denomination of such coin is inconveriient; 4he parts into which it is •divided are not decimal; the rates'at which it is takeri vary in different parts of the Union. It is inconvenient in the way of ready transfer in . counting; it .is more difficult, in common use, to distinguish the genuine from the counterfeit foreign coin; and the stamp' upon it is not familiar to the people-^from all which causes, a foreign gold coin does not, arid will not, circulate generally as a currency among the people. . In mariy , . of the banks, nearly the whole of their specie is kept in every variety of I ^ foreign gold coin;, and when it is tendered by them in payment of their ' notes, the great body of the people, riot being familiar with these coins, do not receive them; arid thus the circulation of a gold currency is, to : a great exterit, defeated., If these coins were converted at our Mint, or branch mints, into the eaglcj the half-eagle, and quarter-eagle, we should speedily have a large supply of American gold coin, and it would very soon be broughtinto common use as a currency, and thus give to it greater stability, and greater security to all the business of the country. A considerable amount of foreign gold coin has, during the present year, under the directions of this Departme.nt, been converted irito American gold coin ; but the process would be much more rapid if aided by the organization of xhe constitutionaL Treasury,: and the establishment of a brarich pf the Mint at the great commercial emporium of the Union; With the mint and branch Mints as depositories, the sum remaining in the hands of other receivers of public money, whether of lands or customs, would be inconsiderable, and the Government could be readily protected" . from, all losses of such sums by adequate bbnds,~and the power by law . to convict arid punish as criminals all who embezzle the public moneys. It is believed, under such a- system, that no- defaults would take place, and that the public moneys would be safely kept and disbursed in gold and silver. This Government is made, by the-Constitution, the. guardian of a sp'ecie currency. .That currency can only be coined, and its value regulated, by this Government. It is brie of its first duties to supply such a eurrency, by an efficient mint, and by .general regulations of the coinage; but iri vain will it attempt to perform that duty, if, when coin is made or regulated in value, this Government' dispenses withdts use, and expels it from circulation, or drives it out ofthe couritry, by substituting the paper of banks in all the transactioris o f t h e Government. There is ^nothing which will advance so surely the prosperity of the . couritry as an adequate supply of specie, diffused' thrpughout every portion of theUnion, and constituting^ to a great extent, the ordinary circulation everywhere among the people* It is a curfency that will riever break nor fail; it will rieither expand nor contract beyorid the legitirriate business of the country; it will lead to no extravagant spbcu 20 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. lations at Orie time, to be followed by certain depression at another; nor will labor ever be robbbd of its^ reward by the. depreciation of such currericy. There is no danger that \te shall have too much igold and silver in actual circulation, or too small an amount of bank paper,: br that any injury ever \vill be inflicted upon the busiriess ofthe country, by a diminution of the circulation of the paper of banks, and the substitution in its place, to that extent, of gold and silver. Even their most ardent advocates must admit tliat banks :are subject to periodical expansions and contractions, and that this eviFwould be increased by giving them the frinds of the Government to loan, and by receiving and disbursirig riothing but their paper. ^ -; It is believed that the permanent interest of every class of the people willbe advanced by the establishment of the constitutional Treasury, and that the.manufacturers.especially will derive great.benefit from its , adoption." It will give, stability to all their operations j and insure them, to a great extent, agairist those fluctuatioris, expansions^ and contractions of the Currency so prgjiidicial to their; interests.; By guarding -against inflations of the currehcy, it will have a tendency to check periodical excesses of foreign importatioris purchased in fact upon credit; while . loans from bariks, or .dangerous enlargements of their business, and excessive issues of their paper, will be .greatly diriiinished. ^Whilst a sound ahd stable currency guards,the manufacturer against excessive iriiportations.frPm abroad, it protects him from disasters at home, arid from those'ruinous revulsions iri which so many thousarids are reduced to barikruptcy. "^. The tariff, i f followed, as.iu the absence of adequate checks it certainly soon will be, b}^ an inflated currericy, whilst it thus enhances the experises of manufacturing at hpm-e, will speedily and certainly raise prices, up to the whple amount pf the duty, so as to repeal the operatibn of that duty in favor ofVthe mariufacturer,:and eriable.the fbreign irnporter again to flood the market, at the enhariced prices arising from ari inflated currency. But soon the rbvulsibn corries, and ^ I are overwhelrhed in a common rriiri. The curf ericy is feducedbelow.the wants of the couritry, by a sudden and ruirious contr actiori'; arid tlie labor and. iridustry of : years are required ^ to repair the rriischief. Stability, both in the tariff and the. cuf rency, is what the :manufactu'rer should most i desire. Let the tafiff be permariently adjuste'd, by a returri tbreasona;ble and iiioderate revenue duties, which, evPn when irriposed truly and iri good faith fbr that purpose, will yield sufficient advaritage to affprd reasonable profits;, arid let this perriianent .system .(and .none, other cari be permarient) be established, and accompanied by a stable currency, and the manufacturer, in a series of yeiars, will derive the." greatest benefits; from the system. •The present system cannot be permanent*. It is too. unequal and unjust, too exorbitant arid oppressive,, and top cleafly in conflict with the fundamental principles of the Coristitutiori.; If the manufactufer thinks that this system can be permanerit, let him look to the constant chariges which have attended all attempts to establish and coritinue a protective tariff. The;first tariff was based in part upori the principle of very moderate protection to domestic nianufactures; and the result has been, as appears by the t a b k heretb annexed, that the tariff has been changed and modified thirty times sirice that period-^being more than once, on ari average, , ; , 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 21 for every Congress since the Government was forinded; and one of these tariffs was in itself a system of successive biennial changes, operating through a period of ten years..' Of these changes, fourteen have, been general,.andsixteeri special. From 1816 onward, these ;changes have been mbst frequent; and it is vain to expect permanency from anything but a reveriue tariff. . Stability is what the nianufacturer should desire, and especially that the questipn should be taken but pf the arena of politics, by a just and permanent settlement. A. great riumber of tables, illustrative of the effects of the tariff, compiled from official docriments, accompany this report. Some:of these tables exhibit the, operation of each of our tariffs, frorn the organization Pf the Governmerit to the present.period; In. order to enable .the Secretary to comply with the direction of the acts of Corigf ess, f equiring him iri his aririual report to suggest "plans for improving or increasing the. revenues," and.to give "inforniatiPn to Congfess in adopting modes of raising" the revenue, two:circulars: were is.sued, published, and generally distributed, propoundirig various questions connected with this subject, and requesting replies, Some answers have been feceived, from,' friends as well as opponents ofthe tariff; but the Secretafy f egrets thatthe manufacturefs, with very few exceptibris, have dechned ariswering these questipns, or communicatirig: any informatibn as regards their profits, arid surplus, or in relatiori.fb;the wages of; labor. An abstract of all that is deemed useful iu these, replies, together with a copy of both the circulars, is appended to this report. . ' . .\ The coast survey is rapidly progressing, having been; extended eastward to the eastern coast of Massachusetts, and southward neafly to the dividing linp.of Maryland, and Virgihia,-bn the Chesapeake. T w o newcentres of operation have been bpened, Urider the^ sanction of this Department, in North Carohna, and on the Gulf of Mexico, from which the work may be spread until the parts unite. Important positions for forts, nayyyards, harbors, arid light-houseS, present therriselves along this interesting portion of the coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the islands guarding the inteiior channel between Mobile and New Orleans. .Great econoniy exists in the administration Pf the furid apprppriated for the coast sufvey; and every effort is made by the superintendent to press the;work,pnward to a completion; arid his report in detail will be hereafter subinitted to CongfeSs. Three' charts, resulting frbm the survey, have been published within the past yeaf^ and five more are nearly ready for publication. This gfeat work is most honorable tb'the science of our country, mPst useful to our Navy and commercial marine, and, in cpnnectibn with our light-houses, miist decrease the cost of freight arid insurance, as well as the risk of life and property. Great attention has been, giveri by this pepartment to the very ifriportant subject of our light-^hbuse system.; The various: improvements suggested by experience.at home of abroad; the relatiye advantages of gas or Pil, of reflectbrs, lenticular, arid' reyolving lights, the location and cbristruction of the; buildings,, as well a:s the. mode of keeping the lights, are ah being fully and carefully investigated, arid a report, it is belieyed, wiU be ready during the.present sessibn of Congress.^ From the Chesapeake to the capes of Flprida, and thence west\vard, our coast is badly lighted, as 22 R E P O R T S OF T H E ' [1845. well as the great lakes- of the Northv^est; and numefpus wrecks, ofteri accompanied with loss of hfe and property, seem to require the interposition of Congress. , / Such portions of the charts bfthe Exploring Expedition as were placed under the^charge of this Department were distributed fof the benefit of . our whale ships. These valuable charts embrace the survey of many Kithertp almost unexplored^ regioris and islands ofthe Pacific, as well, as a part of the coast of Oregon, and must be eminently useful for many purposes, but espeeially to our seamen and merchants engaged in the whale fishery. Iri pursuance of a resolution of Congress, a report is in progress of preparation a.s regards the banks and currency,-and also in relation to statistics; and these, with all other reports required from this; Department, will be presented at the earliest practicable period ofthe present session. ' . ^ In presenting his annual report, in obedience to the law, the Secretary ofthe Tf easury submits his views with undissembled. diffidence, consoled by the reflectiori that all his errors ofjudgment will be corrected by the superior wisdom of the two.Houses of Congress, guided and.directed by that overruling Providjsnce which has blessed the unexampled progress of this great and happy Union." . . . R . J . WALKER, Secretary ofithe^ Treas'ury,. Hon. GEOROE M. DALLAS, ' - Vice President ofiihe United States and • : President pfi the Senate. . 1845..] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 23 Schedule of Papers and Tahles accompanying the Report ofi the Secretai'y of ^ • the Treasury. . , A : Statemerit of duties, revenues, and expenditures, during the fiscal year ending June 30,1845, agreeably to wafrantsisBued, exclusive of trust funds. , ^ : B. Statement of duties, revenues, and public expenditufes for the first quarter of the fiscal yeaf, from the 1st July to 30th September, . ' 1845> agreeably to warrants issued,'exclusive of trust funds, C. Statement, of'quantity, value,.'and drity Pri the imports of theyear ending 30th June, 1845, together with an. estimated rate of 20, , 25, and 30 per cent.,, giving each article in. detaiL ' D.. Statemerit of impbrts, exports.,., arid eorisumptipn of foreign mer chandise. fof the; year 1846, giving each article in detail. E . Detailed statement ofthe several tariffs enacted by Corigress, and of the duties, prescribed by each,. F , Thirteeri separate tables showing the imports of the.various descriptions of iron arid its mariufactures impprted, each yeaf sirice the orgariizationvof the .Government to the pfesent period, with the value and rate of duty,.; . G,: Similar table to the abpve, as to coal, H. Similaf table tP the above, as. to sugars,, -; I.; Similar table tp the above, as to mola,sses. E , Similar table to the^above, as to cpffee. ' . , :. <L. Similar table tP the abpve, as to tea. ^ . M. Circulars of the Secretary ofthe Treasury, and abstract of replies to them, in regard to the tariff. N. Statement ofthe aggregate annual amount of imports, and of foreign goods reexported from 4th pf March, 1789j to the 30th June, 1845, showing also the amount retained in the country for consumption. ^ .' O. Statement showing the amount .of foreign merchandise reexported each year from 1821 to June 30, 1845, both inclusive, distinguishing free andidutiable goods. P . A statement exhibiting the value of foreigri merchandise imported, reexported, and consurhed, annually, from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. ' Q. A statement exhibitirig the value bfthe exports of domestic produce and manufacture, and of foreign mercharidise reexported, annually, from 1821, to 1845, inclusive. R. Statistical view of the commerce of the United States, exhibitingihe value of imports and exports, and also the amonnt of tonnage., employed in foreign trade, annually, from 1821 to 1845. S. Values of the principal articles imported into the United States. T . The same, continued. U. A statement exhibiting the value of manufactures of cotton imported from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. V. A statement exhibiting the, value of manufactures bf wool imported into the United States frPm 1821 to 1845, inclusive. W . A statement exhibitirig the value of manufactufes of hemp and flax imported into the United States from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. 24 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. X. A statement exhibiting the value of manufa:ctures of iron,_ arid iron and steel, and of iron and steel unmanufactured, imported into the United States from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. ; ^ Y. A statement exhibiting the value of h e m p a n d cPrdage imported into the United States from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. Z . A statement of the value of articles imported into the United States, designating the countries from which received. AA. Statement coritinued. ; ' BB. A/statement exhibiting the value of certain articles of domestic produce and manufacture, and of bulliori arid specie, exported from 1821 to 1845,: inclusive, . : ; , . CC.. A statement exhibiting the value of domestic and foreign produce, and: manufactures exported, and the countfies to which the^ same were Exported annually, from 1821 to 1845, inclusive. DDi Statemerit continued. . E E . A statement exhibiting the value of mefchandise iinported from 1821 to 1845, and also the amount of duties which accf ued annually , upon said imports during the said period. :! F F . A statement exhibiting the amount of duties on merchandise, tonnage, . and light-money, passports and clearances, drawback paid on foreign merchandise reexported, drawback on domestic refined sugar and dpmestic distilled spirits, bounties on pickled fish , exported, allowances to vessels ernployed in the bank and cod fisheries, expenses of collection, and the net revenue which accrued, annually, from 1821 to.1845, inclusive. ' > 1845.] ^ V. 25 SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. • : •• • . A . Statement of Duties, Revenues, dnd.Puhlic Expenditures, during the fiscal-year ending June 30, 1845, agreeably to fhfi warrants.-issued, exclusive ofi trust fiunds. . • •. ' The receipts into the Treasury duririg the" fiscal year ending 30th June, 1845, were as follows: From customs, viz: ; -* During the quarter ending Septemb.er 30, 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . During the quarter endirig DeQertiber 31,; 1 8 4 4 / . . . . . . . During the,quarter ending March'31, 1 8 4 5 / . . . . . . . . *. During the quai-ter ending June' 30,1845 / . . . V . " . . . . . . . 10,873,718 4,067,445 6,385,558 '6,201,390 04 15 83 68 From sales of public l a n d s . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . Frorh miscellaneous and incidental sources.,..'.'.' .'. #27,528,112 70 2,077,022 30 "163,998 56 Total r e c e i p t s , . . . . . . . . . . ^...' Balance in the Treasury July 1, 1844.. $29,769,133 56 7,857,379 64 i$37,626,513 20 Total m e a n s . . . . The expenditures for..the fiscal ;year ending June 30, 1845, exclusive of trust funds, -were, viz: ' ' CIVIL LIST.. Legislature..... . , . . • . . i , . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . • •........ Executive..............:......... i........... .|......... Judiciairy.^ . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . ......v.«........ Governments in the Territories of the United S t a t e s . ' . . . . . . . . Surveyors and their c l e r k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i , . . , . . . . : . Officers of the Mint arid; b i - a n c h e s . . . . . . . " . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commissioner of the .FublicBuildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Siecretary to sign patents for public lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $713,59416 847,342.28 628,012 ,17 93,206 60 -58,738.68 42,766 66 2,000 00 ' 1,762 50 2,387,423 05 Total civil l i s t ; . . . . . i . . ; . . . . . . , . ' . . FOREIGN INTERCOURSE. Salaries of Ministers. Salaries of Secretaries \>f ' L e g a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . Salaries of Charges d'Affaires.....; Salary of Minister Residient to T u r k e y ; . . . , . . . . . .^ . . . . . . . . . Salary of dragoman to Turkey, and contingencies............ -Contingent expenses of all the missioni§. abroad............:... Payments for certain diplomatic s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . Outfits of Ministers and- Charges d'Affaires Commissioner at the Sandwich I s l a n d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contingent expenses of foreign intercourse. Salary ofthe consul at Londbn ..,.. Reliefand protection of American seaman. .';...... Clerk hire, office rent, &c., to American consul at London... Intercourse with iBarbary P o w e r s , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ExpenseJs of for-warding mails, &c., between Chagres and Panama.... . . . i . . i . . . i . . . . . -.. . v . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . ' , French seamen killed or,wounded a t . T o u l o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenses incurred by the.legation ..tovMexico.in. relation to prisoners.s.... . . ^ . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . i . Payments under the-9.th airtitle of the treaty with Spain....... $82,535 51 16,814 40 69,593 93 7,300 00 2,400 00 .13,421 69 14,879 40 . 61,191 00 2,800 00 30,879 89: 2,000 00 60,352 80 2,800 00 ,6,266 79 500 00. 600 00 '^ . 3 3 13 25,300 00. $399,668 54 Total foreign intercourse MISCELLANEOUS! :/ Surveys ofpublic l a n d s . . . . .^i...".,.'.',". i . . . ; . . ..'.'.-l ^..'.-.... Support and maintenance of l i g h t - h o u s e s . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . : Marine hospital establishment...'......;.... :..., $95,922 01 438,357 77 168,016 20 REPORTS OF THE 26 A—Coritinued. Building marine hospitals. Public buildings, &c., iii Washington .;. Support and maintenance of the penitentiary of the District of Columbia. '.. „ Patent fund: ., Distributiori ofthe sales ofpublic l a n d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments to Maine arid Massachusetts for expenses incurred in protecting the heretofore disputed territory on the northeastern fi'ontier of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building custom-houses and w a r e h o u s e s . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Survey of the coast of the United S t a t e s . . . . . . . . . . . ' . .v . , . . . : . / Mint establishment...',., ..'.•...' ^ . . ' . . . . . . . « . . . . . . . R'elief of sundry individuals^ . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . ; • . . . . . . . . Surveying and marking the northeastern boundary... „ Three pef cent, fund to the State of Missou'ri. .••.;.'...„..'.;.,. Five per cent, fund to the State of L b u i s i a n a ; : . . . . . . „ . . ' . . . . Five per cent: fund to. the State of Arkansas Two "per cent, fund to the State of -Mississippi'.";."...,..'...;, Relief of the several corporate cities of lhe District ofColumbia Debentures and other charges V .«...*.. Additional compensation to officers of the customs.'.'...."..'.-.. Duties refunded under p r o t e s t . . . . . . " . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . Payment of horses, (fee, lost...'. Repayment for lands erroneously sold Refunding purchase money for. lands sold in the Greensburg district, Louisiana. Auxiliary watch for the city of Washington. Expenses incidenttb the issue of Treasury, notes.............. Expenses incident to loaris. .,.-...........;. Testing the capacity and usefulness, of the. electro-magnetic telegraphs ; ..•.. Results and account ofthe Exploring .Expedition--....;,........... Preserving the botanical and horticultural, specimens, brought home by the Exploring Expedition'.....:... ....;.'. Preparing indices to the manuscript papers of Washington... Information respecting foreign cornmerce............. „.,...... Payment of books ordered by Congress* Conveying to the seat of government the -votes for President and Vice Presiderit ofthe United States. Completing State-house, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . indemnity for slaves on board the Comet and Encomium . . . . Expenses in relatioii to insolvent debtors of the United States. Support of insane persons in the District .ofColumbia!....... Clerk to the commissioners to remit duties on goods destroyed by fire in New York.'. ............... . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manual for custom-chouses in relation to s u g a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All other items of a miscellaneousynature.,.................... $35,800 00 28,916 15 7,652 84 39,798 07 19,7}6 23 . • ' •• • 10,792 95 . 288,933 39 85,110 16 100,087 00 126,067 9T 17,580 47 / "11,602 63 6,665 91 7,617 56 340 ao 124,575 12. 283,500 00 '' 168,^380 79 398,730 30 19,811 75 41,532 75^ 38,239 87 7,3ia 23 • .-4,000.00. ....^ 8,299.63. 4,881 00 35,000 00 2,200 00 1,252 00 .;, . .7,000 00 136,328 78 - 10,586 00 -20,000 00 ~ 6,962 17 2,500 00 9;000 00 5,000 00 2,334 06 .. 7,706.01 Total miscellaneoijs.................,............. . . ^. ' ^ -. ' . ^ • $2,831,115 77 - UNDER DIRECTIONOF T H E WAR DEPARTM ENT! Army p r o p e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,155,027 30 Military Academy .,. • 142,874.85. Fortifications and other'works pf d e f e n c i e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 591,7.22 26 Armories, arsenals, and munitions of w a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786,155 04 Harbors, roads, rivers, &ic i. 507,279 24 Surveys.......;.....;. ,.....,...,-..,..,,........ ,72,810- 57 Pensions............,.......,....................,..... i 2,364,601 90 Indian department........, 1,383,916 78 Claims of the State of Virginia . . . . . . . . ' . 33,861 47 Arming and equipping militia 176,383 08 Payments to militia and volunteers ofStates and Territories.. 274,442 62' Jleiief of individuals and iniscellaneous.. -. 44,127 80 Total under the direction of the War Department... • • ' - ; $9v533,202 91 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. ^ ' 27 A—-Coritiriued. UNDER DIRECTION OF T H E NAVY DEPARTMENT. Pay arid subsisterice, including medicines,'(feeIncrease,-repairs, ornaments, and equipments. Contingent expenses. .:.., Navy-yards. . . . . . . . * . . . . . . , , . r . . , , . . . . . . . . . . ,Navy hospitals and a s y l u m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , Magazines....... ...= . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . ; . , . . . . , , . , Pensions.......................;.......... Relief of individuais arid miscellaneous........ "Marine corps , $3,380,564 06 1,405,946 44 549,129 83 321,680 99 11,106=54 249 78 133,589 16 73,830 03 352,542 26 To.tal under the diirection of the Navy. Departm;ent. PUBLIC DEBT. $6,228,639 09 •(- Paying the old public d e b t . . . . . . . . . . .\. Interest on loans of 1841, 1842, and 1843 Redemption of the loan of 1 8 4 1 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Redemption ofthe loan of 1 8 4 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riedemption of Treasury n o t e s . . . . . . . . /. Interest on Treasury n o t e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . Prernium on the purchase of stock pfthe loan of 1 8 4 1 . . . , . . . . Premium and commission on the purchase of stock of the loan of 1843. $35,756 996,256 5,623,894 400,000 .1,470,243 '43,775 3,268 33 76 71 00 13 26 93 14,962 50 3,588,157 62 Total public debt. Total expenditures $29,968,206 98 Balance in the Treasury July 1, 1845,. $7,658,306 22 Octoher 23, 1845. R . F i . G I L L E T , Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, REGISTER'S O F F I C E , ; ' . : • •^ ;^ ; : ^.-r-StateineM ofi: Duties., Revenues, and Public Expenditures fior. the first quarter ofi the fiseal year, firom 1st July to SQth September y 18^5, agreeably ( . p warrants issufid, exclusive ofi trm . ; . . RECEIPTS. ^ ; !,861,932 14 484,269 35 17,717 50 Yrom custoiYis . . . . . . . . , . . . . ; . . . . ; . , . . . . , , . , ..> .. From sales pf"public l a n d s , . , . . . . ; . , . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . F.rom lYiisceilaneous ahd incidental sources.; .^... »,363,918 99 \ ; : : EXPENDITURES. $17792,173 11 1,352,859 19 1,239,479 45663\369 40 956,223 27 2,331,359 61 6,574 86 19,782-17 101,271 35 Civil, miscellaneous, and foreign intercourse.. .,.•-,.^., .v Army proper . , * . . . . . . . . - . " . . ; . . . ; . . . % . . . . . . . . . . . ^.'.., Fortifications, ordnance, and arming m i l i t i a . ; . . . . . . . . . . Indian d e p a r t m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ; . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . ; . . Perisions..... ,.,:\ . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naval establishment. : . . . , . ; . . . . i . . . . . . . . . : , . , . , . . . . Interest, (fee:, ofpublic d e b t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' , . . . : - . . . . . . Redemption ofthe loan of 1841 ..,.,...... Reimbursement of Treas.ury notes, and i n t e r e s t . . . . . . . 3,463,092 41 Octoher 23^ 1845. R . I l . G I I u L E % Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, REGISTER'S OIPFICY,, 00 A statement exhibiting the quantity and value ofi Mercliandisi^ .imported firee ofi duty firom July 1, 1844, ^o June 30, 1845, with :.''•.,.-•" an estiincLte bfi. dtities thereon at 2Q, 25r and SQ per centum ad valore^^^ IMPORTED. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Ciuantity. Articles iinported for the; use of the United S t a t e s . . . . . ; . . - . . . . . . i . . . . . . . w... Articles imported specially for the use of philosophical societies, colleges, (fee, philosophical apparatus; (&(i.....;.... ? . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Books, maps, and c h a r t s . . . . . i. Statuary, busts', casts, (fec.-.7..'......... * . . . : . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . : . '. Paintings, dra-SYin^s, etchings, and e n g r a v i n g s . . . . . . . . . - . . . . / . , . . . . . . . . Paintings of Amei'ican artists residing a b r o a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood, dye, in sticks.;, v . . ' . , , . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . , . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . urimanufactured, not s p e c i f i e d . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . , , , . =», c.i;. Specimens of botany, natural history:, arid mirieralogy..... i . > i . . . . . . . . , Models of inventioris fand m a c h i n e r y . . . . . . . . . . . ' Anatomical preparations..:.. .> . . . ; . . . . . . . . , ; . . . . . . . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . Burr stones, unwrpught. ....;............ .V.......^........ Crude,brimstorie and sulphur*.... ..vi . . > . . - . . . . . . ; .>.> .. i . . . . i . . ; . . Bark of-the c o r k i r e e ^ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . Clay, unwrought..... . ^ . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . Anirnals for breed... I . . ; . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B a r i l l a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . M^.,.... Ntits arid berries used in d y i n g . . . . *.. i . . . , . . . . > - . . . . . . .•... i ; . . . . . . . . Old p e w t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .X . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ; ..>... Brass, in pigs arid bars . ......;.• • •• • . • / • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . old, fit only.for.manufacture....,.. * . . . . . . . i . . . . . i . . . . I . . . . . . . .Copper, in pigs and bars......:'....:... >..., . . . . . - . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I * . . . plates, suited for the sheathing of s h i p s . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o r e . i . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,•.,..;.... ' old,,fitonly for m a n u f a c t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gypsuin, or plaster of P a r i s . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . , . . ' . . . . . . ; . Value. At 20 per cent. At 25.per cent. At 30 per cent. • $15,279 00 . $3,055 80. .; $3,819 75 .$4,583 70 • 4,167:00 .: 30,127'00 4,333 00. : , 2,448" 00 . 4,161 00 603,408 00 87,315 00 .: 6,364 00 • 1,150 00 ; 1,864.00^. • 32,624 00 : 108,619 00 8,812 00 • 14,670 00 • 25,637 00 .•22,917-00 "132,490 00 59 00 ... 12,0^7.00 1,665 00. 1,095,230 00 738^936 00 48j807 00 81,264 00 77,990 00 / 1,041 75 : 7,531 75 1,083 25 '612 00 1,040 25 150,852 00 21,828-75: 1,591 00 ' : 287 50 .466 00 8,156 00 -^27,154:75 2,203 00 3,667 50 6,409 25 5,729 25: 33,122 5014 75 -3j009 25 .416 25 273;807 50 184,734 00 ;i2,201 75 20,316 00 19,497 50 1,250 10 9,038 10 1,299 90 734 40 1,248 30 181,022 40 26,194 50 : 1,909 20 345 00 559 20 9,787 20 32,585 70 2,643 60 4,401 00 ^ 7,691 10 6,875 10 39,747 00 17 70 3,611 10 499 50 328,.569 00 221,680-80 14,642 10 24,379 20 23,397 00 833 40 6,025 40 : 866 60 : 489 60 . 832 20 120,681 60 .17,463 00 : 1,272 80 230 00 3.72; 8o; ." 6,524 80 21,723 80. 1,762 40 : 2,934. 00 5,127 40 .' .4;583 40 26,498 00 11 80 2,407 40 333 00 '219,046 00 147,787 29 9,761.40 16,252 80 15,598 00 ; Adhesive felt for sheathing ships......., Epaulets and wings' of gold ;and silyer.. Bullion, gold. ;... ...k.., silver...................".... Specie, g o l d . . . . . . , . . .*;......."...'.,.'.< , ' vsilver.............'........... Teas... .... .w......:.;.......... Coffee..........,.... i . . . : . : . : . ..^.. All other a r t i c l e s . . ' . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . 206-40 1,032 00 3,845 00 .769 00 :• 66,103 oo: , 41,275 00752,747 00 3,210,117 00 5,73a,514:00 .1,146,102 80 6,221,271 00 1,244,254 20 591,712 60 2,958,563 0.0 . .pounds .. .do.. . 19,630,045 107,860,911 127,490,956 22,147,840 00 3,615,519-60. 258 00 96125 ,309.60 .1,153.50 1,432^028 50 1,555,317 .75 739,640 75 1,719,154 20. 1,866,381 3d . 887,568 90 4;519,399 50 5,423,279 40 00 . o > o -ffl cn CD. CO C-^—Continued. o . A statement exhibiting the value 'ofi Merchandise imported firom July 1, 1844, .i^o. June SQ, 1845, with an estimate ofi the duties payable under the^act ofi 1842, and also the amotint ofi duties accruing at a duty ofi twenty, twenty-five, and thirty per cent, ad valorem. . ^ .• ^ Rate of d u t y . S P E C I E S OF M E R C H A N D I S E . Ciuantity. W o o l , unmanufactured, not exceeding seven cents per p o u n d . . . . \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . " . . . . . ' . . . .pounds 23,382,097 $1,553,789 unmanufactured, exceeding, seven cents p e r • 450,943 pound do. 136,005 W o o l J manufactures of— , " * 5,411,850 Cloths and cassimeres . . . . . . . . . / . . . ' 226,317 M e r i n o shawls of w o o l . ^ 304,677 IBlankets not above seventy-five cents^ each. above seventy-fivfe cents e a c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694,237 H o s i e r y , gloves, mits, caps, and bindings. 741,242 W o r s t e d stuff goods .....'..-........ 1,938,109 • yarn.'........ ...•...'.... ...j, ^ 168,037 W o o l e n ya'rn. . . . ? ; . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . , . . . . 19,938 Coach lace . . . . . . , . , . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > . . . . . . • 59 Other manufactures of 553,409 Cottoris, colored,'exceeding thirty cents per square yard 3,390,145 ' ; not exceeding thirty cents per square 7 y^r^- ,• • •• • • •":: r •• • • •• • • •• • • .sq..yd"s. 25;027,699 5,182,401 381,791 uncolored, exceeding twenty cents per ^ . y a r d . Cottons, colored', not exceeding twenty cents per square n , 2 6 2 i 4 1 8 1,441,660 ' • ' r '"yard. , j . . . . . . ' . . . .•.. I . . ..^ . . . .sq. y d s . •velvet cords, &^c., exceeding thirty-five cents 548,974 J ; > per'squai-e y a : r d - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s q . y d s . ;• velvet^cords, (fee, riot exceeding thirty-five perits • '-. ; ; p e r square y a r d . . . . . . .'.sq. y d s . ; 426,884 ^ 122,317 A t 25 per cent.' A t 30 per cent. $77,689 45 $310,757 80 $388,447-25 $466,136 70 27,201 00 34,20125 .40,801 50 A t present rates. Value. 5 per cent.' 30per cent., & 3 cts. perlb. 54,329 79 A t 20 per cent. 40 per cent. 2,164,740 00 1,082,370 00 1,352,962 50 1,623,555 00 45,263 00 ; 56,579 25 '67,895 10 90,526 80 do. 40 76,169 25 91,403 10 60,935 40 do. 45,701.55 15 173,559 25 208,271 10 do. 138,847 40 173,559 25 25 185,310 50 222,372 60 do. 148,248 40 222,372 60 30 484,527 25 do. 581,432 70 387,621 80 581,432 70 30 do. 42,009 25 ' 50,411 10 33,607 40 ^ 50,411 10 30 do. 4,984 50 5,981 40 3,987 60 30 5,981 40 14 75 17 70 35, do. 11 80 . ' 2 0 65 do. 138,352 25 40 166,022 70 110,681 80 221,363 60 30' do. 847,536 25 1,017,043-50 678,029 00 1,017,043 50 43.46 do. 30' do. 2,252,49291 1;036,48() 20 1,295,600 25 1,554,720 30 95,447 75 .76,358 20 114,537 30 114,537 30 46.87 do.. 675,745 08 288,332 00 360,415 00 432,498 00 30 do. 164,692 20 109,794 80 137,243 50 164,692 20 36.64.do. -44,822'.82 24,463 401 30,579 25 36,69510 . : twist,,:yarn-,, and thread, bleached or colored, not exceeding 75 cen ts per\poun d% .•.;.. i i ; '•. .pounds twist,, yarn, and thread,, unbleached and' un-- • . , colored, not exceeding 60 cents per pound'.. do, t\vist, yarn, and thread,-exceeding these minimums,^ . and on spools-. ;...•.....'.. . . . . . - . . . ' . . . . . . - . i'.•.-..•.'.•.' • hosiery,,glove.s, mits, caps-, and bindings. ..•.•...'.'... other manufactures of.. .•..- ..•........'.'.; •'. ."•' .*•• •••' .-•-•• Silk floss, and other dyed,-prepared for manufacture, v. .:•.•... .• ••; shirts and d r a w e r s . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . ..».•.'.% ..^'.. umbrellas and partisols. ?. .<.-.- .-.• .•-.. .•. .^ .•...- .•. .•;- ;• .\.-.- .,.•.'.'. bolting cloths.^...-.....-. ...•.-.•.. .•..-. i.•.''.. .......-. ...•.•..manufactures of? mixed with m e t a l . - . . . . : . . . . . . . .•.•.^.'.. .• -; caps.,, turbans, (fee., for womeri....... .•.-....;.;.... v .•.-.-... manufactures of, -not specified'. ..•,;.^.-. ..'.;•..'..•...•..'..-. .-.^ •• worsteci and silk g o o d s . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . ...-,.••. • - . . . . . . Camlets, and,other riian-ufactures ofvgoat's hair, or mohair.... Lace, thread and insertings...........-. . • . . ; . , . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . .-cotton, quillings, insertings, bobbinet, (fccv......"•.> Gpld and silver tresses', tassels, knots,, stars, (fee..-....:..,..... ahd silver leaf '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . or silver embroidery, iripther.tlian' clothing. -...-.-....... Flax, manufacturesof— . . ' , . . ; . .v, -. • • linen'S,'bleached and unbleached.";.... v . ' . . . . . . . . . . . hosiery,- gloves,, mits, and b i n d i n g s ; ; . . . . . . . - . . -..-... other manufactures of...'.-. . . . . . > . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . Herrip,.sheetings, brown and w h i t e . . . . . ' . . . . . . • . . . . . . . i . . - . . . ticklenburgs, osnaburgs, andrburlapsv., .......... •'.•.-.-....• .'-^ other manufactures o f . , ; ; . . . . . . ' v . . . . . . • ^ . . . . . : . . . . ; Clothing, ready-inade . . . . . V . . . . . . . . . . . • , . . . ' . . . . . ' . . - . . . . . . . . articles not specified, worn by men, worrien, or children .' Grass cloth.......'. Carpeting, not specified Matting, Chinese, of flags, jute,, or grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mats; or matting, not specified.'...... .^.l.... Wire, 'silvered or plated. .•........ C ...... I ' . . . . . . brass or copper. ;...... .'.....•..-...-. Iron and steel,, manufactures of— / - . • ' , fire-arms, not specified..." ..-........^........' side-arms "..:. ....;. Iron, drawing and cutting knives ;..... 103:,869 43,995. 00 44-:26 do-.« 19,475 43 20,0681 10,294 00 2^.24 dov 3,010 20 8,799. 00 .. 10,998. 75 2,058;8'o| 2,573 50 13,198 50,: 3-,08g 2b 153,444 00 .102v296 00 127^870 Oo| 153,444 00 397,989 30 265,326 20 : 331,657 75 397,989 30 271,078 20 180,718 80 . 225,898. 50 271,078^ 20 10,223 25 .. 8,178 60 10,223 25 12,267 90 . 1,512 .80 756 40l .. 945 50 ) 1,134 60 3,510 30 . 2,340 20 2,925 25, 3,510'30 5,907 20| 5,907 20 7,384- 00| 8,860 80 • 3,943 80 2,629 20| 3,286 50 3,943 80 218:40 145 60 • 182-00 218 40 278,326: 50 >,185,551 00 231,938 75 278,326 50 453.093 06 302,062 00 377,577 50 453,093 00 45,767 60] 45,767 60| 57,209-50 68,651 40 " 76,346 85 101,795 80 ; 127,244 75 152,693 70 122,803 60 122,803 60 153,504 50 184,205 40 5,643- 40| ' 7,054 25 -'4,232 55 8,465 10 1 00 1 00 . 1 25 1 50 .42 40 42 40 53 00 63 '60 511,480 obi 30 1,326,631 00 30 903.594.00 30 40,893 ool •25: 3,782 00 40 11,701 00 30. 29,536 ob: 20 13,146 00 30 ' 728 00 30 927,755 00 30 1,510,310 00 30 228,838 00 20 508,979 00 15 614,018 00 20 28,2ir 00 15 : 5 00 20 • . 212 ool 20 do.do. do.do.do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.' do. do. do. do. do. 4v298,224 GO 506.00 624,379 001 106,730 00 195.471.001 • 205,782 00 67,232 00 25 25 25 25 20 ,20 50 d'o. do: do., do. do. do. do. 1,074,556 OOl . 859,644 80] 1,074,556 00 1,289,467 20 • 101 20 151 80 126 50 126 50' 156.094 75 124,875 80| 156,094 751 187,313 70 21,346 00 26,682.50 32.019 0 0 . 26,682 50 39,094 20! .• 48,867 -751 5'8,644 30 39,094 20 41,156 40 41,156 40 61,734 60 51,445 50 33,616 00 : 13,446 40 2Q,169 60 16,808 00 1,105,796 00 18,314 00 .. 31,745 00 , 87,783 00 38,407 00 680 00 . 9,508 00 40 25 30 25: 25 30 25 do. d6.> do. do; do. do. do. . 442,318 40 221,159 20 276,449 00 331,-738 80 3,662 80 ' 4,578 50 5,494 20 '4,578, 50 6,349 00 9,523 50 7,936 25 ;- 9,523 .50 26,334 90 17,556 601 21,945 75 r 21,945 75 7,681 40 . 9,601 75 9,601 75 , 11,522 10 204 00 136 00, 204 00 170 00 1,901 60! 2,377 00 2,377 00 • • 2,852 40. . 144,877 00 301,278. 00 30 9,003 00 30' do. do. do. 43,463 10 3.83.40 . 2,700 90, 28,975 40 255 60 . 1,800 60 36,219 25 319 50 2,250 75| 43,463 10 383 40 2,700 90| C—Continued. Rate of duty. SPECIES OF. MERCHANDISE. Q,uantity. Iron, hatchetSj.axes, and adzes..-. . . i i . . ; . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . '• . s o c k e t ( i h i s e l s . . . . ' ; . ; ' . . . . . . .-;i . . i . ; . . . . i-;. . i\; i . . ' v . . i .%:. - plane ironsi>.;w.,>..:...- . . i . j . ' . . . . . . . ..V......--. a . . . . . . . steelyards, and; scafe-beariis..'...'..'....................... . vices;.;..:.'..:..:...........". ^ . - . . . ' . . . . . . . : • . . . . v;....-. .^.. sickles and reaping-hooks......i... • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . scythes.. .-.•. .U ;,*'i..,v.:^..:....:......... .-.-'.-......•.....:i:.-.'-,-. . spades and s h o v e l s . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . i . . . . . . . . . s q u a r e s . . ; . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . -..% . . . . . ; . . • ^chains, the links loriger than those used for chain cabjes needles, se-wing,-knitting, and t a m b o u r i n g . . . . . . . . . . ; . . all other, niariufactures of iron, ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . Saddlery, common tinned and japanned., .^i-.:...:.: . . . . . . . . . . , . ' . .... .plated, brass, and, polished steel. . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . ' . . . Brass, nianufactures o f . . . ..•••.,« i.>.'. i . . ? . v . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper, manufactures: o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - . . ' . . - . . . . . . . . . , . . : . Tin, m a n u f a c t u r e s . o f . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . - . . i . . . . . ; . ; . .-..•.•. i . . . . . Pewter,'mariufactures of. .-.........; ............... Lea'd, manufacturesof;;..-...;....;.-........ ..•..-. ..•.".-:..... German silver, manufactures o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;,.-.,-. • . . . . Bell inetal, mariufactures of...... •.'>.. ........> . • . . . ; . .',:.•..•... Zinc, manufactures of...... . i . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; , . ....w ...•:. Bronze, ma;nufactures:.of...............;.i........ .•.-...-..-.... Leather, manufactures of.....,;...........'..;.;...- ,•.-. v . . - . . . . Glass, plate glass, exceeding 22 by 1.4 i n c h e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silvered . . . . . . . ' . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . , ; . . \ . " , . . . , . J . .. if fra.med ; . . ; . . . . . . . . '.•..\ . , . . . . . ' . . . . . i . - . , . paintings on glass, porcelain, and c o l o r e d ; ; . . . . . . . . . ' . . manufadtures of, not .specified.,........... r. i ^ Hats and bonnets, flats, .braids, plaits, (fee.— Leghorn, chip, straw, grass, (fee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 ' At present . rates. Value. At 20 per , cent. At 25 per cent. At 30 per . cent. .$5,123 00 30 per (jeri.t. $1,536.90 $1,024 60 $1,280 75 $1,536: 90 : 9,529 .00 30 .•.2,858-70 do. 1,905-80 . 2,382 25 ' • "2,858 70 2,891 .00 30 do. 867 30 722 75 . . ;867 30 5'78 20 do:, 10,181 00 30 3,054 30 2,036 20 2,545 25 3,054 30 do. .29,589. 00 30 8,876 70 . 5,917 " 7,397. 25 8,876 70 3,794 .00 30. do. 1,138 20 :.• •948 50 758.80 1,138 20 ^ 23,740 00 30^ do: 7,122 00 ,5,935,00 . 7,122 00 4,748 00 dd. 14,428 00 .30 4,328 40 2,885 60 3,607 00 4,328 40 .3,117 00 30 ; do. .935 10 779 25 623 40 935 10 do. ; 21,999 00 3b '6,599 70 5,499 75 4,399 8b 6,599.70 do. 160,731 00 20 40,182 75 . 48,2i9 30 32,146 20 32,146 20 do. 3,729,465 00 30 1,118,839 50 745,893 00 932,366 25 1,118,839 '50 do. - 125,750 00 20 25,150 00 .25,150 00 31,437.50 37,725 00 do...142,497 00 -30 . 42,749 10 .28,499 40 35,624 25 42,749 10 do., : 120,083, 00 30 36,024 90 . 24,016 60 30,020 75 . 36,024 90 do. 107,756 00 30 32,326 80 26,939 00 21,551 20 32,326 80 13,131'00 30- do. 3,939 30 2,626 20 3,282 75 3,939 30 do. 30 4,889.>00 1,466 70 . 977 80 1,222 25 1,466 70 . . 787 .00 30. do. 236.10 157 40 196 75 236 10 do. 4,698.90 3,132 60 3,915 75 15,663 00 30 4,698 i90 do. 621 00 30 186 30 . 124 20 • . 155 25 186 30 do. : 931 00 30 279 30 , 279 30 186 20 232 75 do: .3,626 00 30 .1,087 80 1,087 80 725 20 906 50 do. 109,668 00 35 38,383-80 .21,933 60 32,900 40 27,417 00 do; 30 80,263 00 24,078 90 16,052 60 20,065 75 "24,078 90 274,281.00 37.74 do. 68,570 25 ' 82,284:30 54,856 20 103,513 65 15,347 00 .30 do. 3,836 75 4,604 10 3,069 40 4,604 10 5,772 00 30 do. 1,443 00 1,154 40 1,731 60 1,731 60 75,975 00 25 do. 18,993 75 22,792 50 18,993. 75 15,195 00 712,923 00 35 do. 249,523 05 142,584 60 178,230 75 213,876 90 alm leaf, rattan, willow, (fee. . . . . . . * i * i air, whalebone, (fee..»• E W o o d , manufactures of-— cabinet ware ...;............. <J . other manufactures of ..i * . . . . . . . . . . 2 W a r e s , china arid porcelain . . ; . . . . . * . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . earthen and s t o n e . . ; -< . plated and gilt. Y japanned.. v . . .• i F u r s , undressed, on t h e skin. . h a t s , caps, muffs, and tippets. hatter's and other f u r s . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . , . . . . ; . . . . . ' Hair-cloth and hair-seating Brushes of all kinds. Paper-hangings. Coach and harness furniture Carriages, and parts of c a r r i a g e s . . . . . . . , Slates of all k i n d s . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black-lead p e n c i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' Copper bottoms cut rourid, (fee. Square wire, for umbrella s t r e t c h e r s . , . .= *,. i. Z i n c , in plates or sheets ............;..,......... Chronometers, ship or b o x " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clocks ,.....,....'.......,......... W a t c h e s , and parts of watches Gold and silver, platina, .manufactures of.... . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . J e w e l r y , gold and s i l v e r . . . , . .^......... ' • .imitadon. p f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Cluicksilver Buttons, metal . . . . ' . .'.,. all other buttons and button moulds. T e a s , p o u n d s , imported from other places than their growth or production '. Coffee, p o u n d s , imported from other places than their growth or production C o r k s , pounds . . . , d u i l l s , prepared ^ all other W o o d , unmanufactured— mahogany .^ rose savtin • 51,785 00 35 318 00 35 do. do. 30 30 30 30 30 30 5 35 25 25 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. - 26,056 00 150,036 00 252,256 00 2,187,259 00 159,227 0 0 59,895 00 256,586 00 16,646 00 465,739 00 90,643 00 67,426.00 46,285 Ob 1,73.7.00 1,588 00 121,768 00 11,798 00 3,455 00 - 8,068 00 73,909 00 11,835 00 18,971 00 1,106,543 QP 39,380 00 54,662 00 84,877 00 54,993 00 19,168 00 90,062 00 30 ^ 35 30 30 25 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 25 . do.. 30 m 10 20 25 ^ 30 20 25 5 30 25 31,274 00 20 22,261 00 90,862 00 3,261 00 6,126 00 -do. 20 30 25 20 261,292 00 15 18,912 00 15 .3,240 00 15 do. do. do. do. do. do.. do. do. do.. do. do. do. 18,124 75 ,111 30 10,357 00 63 60 5,211 20 7,816 80 45,010 80 30,007 20 50,451 20 75,676 80 656,177 70 437,451 80 31,845 40 47,768 10 17,968 50 11,979 00 12,829 30 51,317 20 - 5,826 10 . 3,329 20 116,434 75 93,147 80 ^22,660 75 18,128 60 20,227 80 13,485 20 16,199 75 9,257.00 347 40 521 10 317 60 476 40 30,442 00 24,353 60 .2,359 60 2,949 5b 691 00 1,036 50 1,008 50 1,613 60 14,781 80 7,390 90 2,367 00 2,367 00 3,794 20 4,742 75 '82,990 72 • 221,308 60 7,876 00 11,814 00 10,932 40 10,9.32 40 16,975 40 21,219 25 10,998 60 2,749 65 3,833 60 5.750 40 18,012 40 ' 22,515 50 12,946 25 79 50 15,535 50 95 40 6,514 00 T,816 80 45,010 80 37,509 00 75,676 80 63,064 00 546,814 75 656,177 70 47,76810 39,806 75 17,968 -50 14,973 75 76,975 80 64,146-50 4,993.80 4,161 50 116,434 75 139,721 70 22,660 75 27,192 90 20,227 80 16,856 50 11,571 25 13,885.50 521 10 434 25 476 40 397 00 36,530 40 30,442 00 3,539 40 2,949 50 1,036 50 .863 75 2,420 40 2,017 00 18,477 25 22,172 70 3,55b 50 -2,958 75 5,69130 4,742 75 276,635 75 331,962 90 .11,814 00 9,845 00 16,398 .60 13,665. 50 21,219 25 . 25,463 10 16,497 90 13,748 25 5,750 40 4,792 00 27,018 60 22,515 50 7,818 50 : 9,382 20 do.. 6,254 80 6,254 80 do. do. do. 4,452 20 27,258 60 815 25 1,225 20 4,452 20 18,172 40 652 20 1,225 20 5,565 25 22,715 50 815 25 1,531 50 6,678 30 27,258 60 . 978 30 1,837 80 do. do. do. 39,193 80 2,836 80 486 00 52,258 40 3,782 40 648 00 65,323 00 4,728 00 810 00 78,387 60 5,673 60 972 00 •do. C—Continued. Rateof duty. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Ciuantity. Wood, cedar.... ........' Merchandise not enumerated,-value of— At :1 per cent. 2j per cent • 5 percent. 7 per cent ~..'.......... ' 7 | per c e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 p e r c e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12| per cent. . , . . . . . . , , 15 per cent. , ' 2 0 percerit ....";..., 25 per c e n t . . . . . , . . . , . . . . , , , . 30 .per cent. 35 per cent. , CO At present rates. Value. $15,638 00 15 per cent. 212,975 00 1,690,460 00 4,975,003 00 .32,576.00 . 29,685 00 170,64100 253 00 292,873 00 2,290,897 00 1,103,334 00 1,061,291 00 46,701 00 1 2| 5 7 7| 10 m 15 20 25 30 35 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 60,191,862 00 TREASURY D E P A R T M E N T , R E G I S T E R ' S O F F I C E , November 13i $2,345 7b 2,129 75 42,261 50 248,750 15 a,2S0 32 2,226 37 17,064 10 31 62 43,930 95 458,179 40 275,833 50 318,387 30 16,345 35 At 20 per "^ cent. $3,127 60 42,595 338,092 995,000 6,515 5,937 34,128 50 58,574 458,179 220,666 212,258 9,340 At 25 per cent. At 30 per cent. $3,909 50 $4,69140 53,243 75 63,892 422,615 00 507,138 1,243,750 75 1,492,500 8,144 00 9,772 7,421 25 8,905 42,660 25 51,192 \ ' 63 25 75 73,218 25 87,861 572,724 25 687,269 275,833 50 331,000 265,322 75 - 318,387 11,675 25 14,010 16,278,117 22 12,038,372 40 15,047,965 50 18,057,558 60 O cn O" K -W 1845, R . H . G I L L E T , Register. 00 C—'Continued* 00 0\ rd Rate of duty* SPECIES o r MERCHANDISE. Ciuantity* . Silks, sewing silk, silk twist, or twist of silk and mohair lbs. pongees, and plain silk (white) for*printing, (fee do. manufactures of silk not specified.. , . , . . . . . do. raw silk, comprehending all silk in the gum,, ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . . dp. Silk and satin boots and shoes, (fee,, ' ' shoes or slippers for men and women ^.. pairs laced boots and bootees for meri and w o m e n . . . . . , . , . , , , . . . do. . shoes and slippers for children do. laced boots or bootees for children..-,......, " . . . . . , do. hats for men, No. . arid satin bonnets"for women, do. Flannels...... .^. sq. yds, Baizes and bockings do. Carpeting., Wilton .......,..'.....,.... do. Saxony do.. Trebled ingrain do. Brussels do. Turkey. . * . . * . . . . . . . . . . do. Venetian do. • other ingrained do. Sail duck ; do. Co.tton bagging do. bagging, or other materials . than hemp or flax.'....... do. . Ctf - _ ^ . IMPORTED* Value* -M ^ At present rates* Crg . 13 a At 20 per cent* At 25 per cent. At 30 per cent* > •<« H ? $129,489 60 Per cent: 38;08 1 82,196 $431,632 00 $2 00 $164,392 00 $86,326 40 $107,908 00 130,858 469,499 00 1 50 196,287 00 93,899 80 117,374 75 140;849 7,0 1 -41.80 763,463 7,791,285 GO 2 50 1,908,657 50 1,558,257 00 1,947,821 25 2,337,385 50 • 24.49 62,697 208,454 00 50 31,348 50 41,690"80 52,113 80 2,509 2,016 00 30 752 70 4b3 20 604 00 206 6 379 00 4 00 75 80 94 75 100 154 50 90 1 ^ 13 1,326, 4,103 , 1,781 205,130 278,456 27,676 4,822 • 82 226,399 ^ 771 29,473 17,223 744,211 1,551,044 672 00 8,413 00 9,426 00 76,055 00 100,332 00 75,870 00 10,919 00 73 00 308,664 00 1,510 00 20,776 00 14,102 00 272,031 00 117,331 00 331 50 4,103 00 3,562 00 218,718 20 38,983' 84 17,989, 40 3,134 30 53 30 124,519 45 424 05 '8,841 90 5,166 90 52,094 77 62,041 76 ; 134 40 1,682 60 . 1,885 20 15,211 00 20,066 40 15,174 00 2,183 80 14 60 61,732 80 302 00 4,155 20 2,820 40 54,406 20 23,466 20 228,448 11,194 00 11,422* 40 2,238 80 ^ 168 00 2,103 25 2,356 50 19,013 75 25,083 00 18,967 50 2,729 75 . 18 25 7,7,166 00 .377 50 . 5,194 00 3,525 50 68,007 75 29,332 75 2,798 50 . ^ 62,536*20 . 15.03 604 80 37.33 113 70 I 20 40.76 22.50 201 60 49.33 2,523 90 48". 76. 2,827 80 37.78 22,816 50 37.75 30,099 60 38.85 22,761 00 23.71 3,275 70 28.70 21 90 73.00 92,599 20 40.34 453 00 28.08 6,232 80 42.07 4,230 60 • 36.63 .81,609 30 19.15 35,199 -30 52.87 3,358 20 101.04 1 G^-^Continued. Rate of duty. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Floorcloth, patent, printed or painted sq..yds Oil cloth, furniture, on Canton flann e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. furniture, not specified:... do. • of linen, silk, (fee., for (iovers, (fee .4.,..-. • do. Wines, iri casks, bottles, and other. -'"vessels— ". •. •..' •.'•''" Madeira. . . . . - . . . . , galls. Sherry........;.. dp. C a n a r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. C h a m p a g n e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. . Port, in bpttles.....",.....;, dp. 'Burgundy, in bottles.;....-. do. Claret, in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . Port, in casks . , . . . dp.. Burgundy, in casks . . . . . ; . . . • do. Teneriffe, in casks or"bottles . do. Claret, in c a s k s . . . . . . . . . . . dp. Marsala, or Sicily Madeira., do. Other wines of S i c i l y . . . . . . do. Red, not enumerated, in casks— Of F r a n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Of Austria.; .....do. Of Sardinia. do. Of Portugal and possessions . . ; . . . do.. White, not enumerated, in casks— (Quantity,. Value. At present rates. . . At 20 per .cent. At 25 per cent. At 30 per cent. •p.;o • 7,804 $5,714 00 $0 35 $2,731.40 $1,142 ,80^ $1,428 50 $1,714 20 Per cent. 47.80 6,903 '53,743 2,359 00 9,874 00 16 lb 1,104 48 5,374 30 • 4?71 80' 1,974 80 58.9 75 2,468 50, . 707 70 2,962 20 46.39 54.42 47,671 : 14,917 00 • m .-5,958 87 2,983 40 3,729 25 4,475 10 :39..94 101,176 .23,616 .1,778 101,46.4 2,384 • 218 "48,688 260,693 325 5,846 1,051,862 62,873 47,717 145.237 00 38,28^ 00 672 00 3b3,399 00 3,133 00 791 00 40.,.864.OO 162,358 00 366 00 . '6,426 00 249,633 00 31,669 00 14,364 00 60 60 40 15 35 35 6 15 20 . 6 25 15 20 60 80 60 60 30 80. 58 75 20 72 25 55 29,047 40 7,657 80 . 134 40 60,679 80 62660 158 20 8,172 80 32,471 60' .7.3 20 1,285 20 49,926 60 6,333 80 • '2,872 80 36,309 25 9,572 25 168 bo 75,849-75 783 25 197 75 10,216 00 40,589 50 91 50 .1,606 50 62,408 25 7,917 25 3,591 00 43,571 10 11,486 70 201 60 91,019.70 939 90 237 30 12,259 20 48,707'40 109 80 1,927 80 74,889 90 9,500 70 ^4,309-20 5.22 37.00 158.75 13.37 11.41 9.64 41.70 9.63 13.30 18.19 25.28 49.63 49.91 380,946 343 692 73,558 00 30 00 / 90 00 22,856 76 20 58 41 52 14,711 60 c; 6 00 18 00 18,389 50 "7 50 22 50 22,067 40 * 9 00 27 00 31.07 68.60 46.13 113,607 69,532 00 6 816 42 13,906 40 17,383 00 20,859 60 9.80 7,588 14,169 1,066 40,585 35776 17,040 15,635 48 1,169 63,111 15,718 7,157 Of France, i . . ^ . . ' . . . . . . ^ ...do. Of A u s t r i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d o . Of Portugal and posses- • sions . . . . . : . . i ; . . .do. W h i t e and red,-not enumerated, in bottles— Of France . . . . . . . . . ..do. Of A u s t r i a . . . ; . . . . - . ' . . . . .do. ' . ' Of Portugal and possessions . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . .do. W h i t e and red, not enumerated in casks— . Of Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..do. Of G e r m a n y . . . - . ' . . . . . . . . :do. Of Mediterranean ..do. W h i t e - a n d red, not enumerated, ih bottles-^ . .do.Of Spain . . . . . « • • • • • Of G e r m a n y . . . . . . . . . . . . ..do. : .Of M e d i t e r r a n e a n . - . . . . . . . ..do. Other wines not enumerated. ..do. Spirits, foreign, distilled-— - . frorn grain. 1 .-. ..do! from b r a n d y . - . . . . . . . . . . . ..do. - from other m aterials. ....•..-,.. ..do.from cordials. .*..-. . . . . i . . . . . . .do. Beer, ale, and porter, in b o t t l e s ' ; . . : . ..do: : . : ' ill c a s k s . ; . . . . ..do. Vinegar-.-,. . . . ' -..; :..".. ..do. .lbs'. Molasses . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . i . . . . . . Spirits of t u r p e n t i n e . ; . ; . . . ' . . , . . . . . Oil, of whale and o t h e r . f i s h . . . . . . . .do. olives, in' c a s k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .do. castor....-. . . . : : . .do. linseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; .do. of a i m o n d s " . . . . . . . . V . . . . : . ' . ' . . . . . .do. ' of cloves. : . . . . . . . .do. .lbs. Cocoa..........i -. Chocolate . . . . - . . . . . ; . . . . ; . . - . . - . . . . . .do., Sugar, b r o w n . . " . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .do. .do. white. loaf, and other r e f i n e d . . * . . .do. 128,986 00 4 00 71 34,194 52 1 27 25,797 20 80. 32,246 50 7.^ 135,791 82,193 00 7| 10,184 32 16,438 60 31,586 49 14,630 00 10 00 20 15. 6,317 20. 7 35 1,005 1,806 00 15 150 75 73,535 00 7,782 00 12,900 Ob 121 455,927 300,609 23,746 61,484 63 3,931 '504 • -2 . 50 00 7,453 00 423 00 .3 00 m 12^ 20 , 20 20 ^ 65 37,576 12 2,968 25: 6,435 .50 10 60 786 20 100.80 1 30 374,578 94 606,311 262,5.43 00 61.78 1,081,314 00 1,081,314. .819,540 00 1 00 270,484 167,105 02 78,957 00- 61.78 20,727 12,436 20 30,080 00 60 . . 100,256 20,051 2b: 93,214. 00• '20 .7,810 1,171 5b 3,3.84 00 15 38,287 3,062 96 6,252 00; .18. 201,311,364 905,901 14; 3,154,782 00 4i m. 33 3 30 27 00 10 • 259 • 38 85 . 23100 15 82,655 48,579 00 16,533- 00 20 9 3-60 18 00 40. 227,114 56,778 50 105,574 00 25 • 893^ 80 37 456 00 9 2,372 711 603,074 00 30 1,655,094 16,550 .94 92,389 00 1 .5,027 201 08 . 1,627 00 4 • 111,957,404 2,798,935 10 4,556,392 00 2| 1,662,574 66,502 96. 91,172 00 4 2,044,862 122,691. 72 132,991 00 6 28,695 80 1 20 26.51 31.75 20,548 '25 24,657 90 12,39 2,926 00 . 2 00. 3,657 5b . 2 50 4,389 00 3 0.0 43.72 73.50 361 20. 451 50 641 80 .8.34 1 op 14,707 00 1,556 40 2,580 00 18,383 75 1,945 50 3,225 Ob 22,060 50 2,334 60 3,870 00, 51.04 38.14 49.88 10 00 1,490 60 ' 8 4 60 60 12 50 1,863 25 105 75 15 15 00 .2,235 90 . 126 90 . ^ 90 21.20 10.54 23.83 43.33 52,508 60 163,908 00 15,791 40 6,016 00 • i8v642 80 6.76 80 1,250 40 630,956 .40 5 40 -46 20.9,715 80 3 60 21,114 80 91 20 614-80 18,477 80 325 40 911,278 40 18,234 40 26,598 20 78,762 90 65,635 75 245,862 00. 204,885 00 23,687 10 19,739 25 7,520 00 . 9,024 00 27."^964 20. 23 ,'303 50 I,bl5 20 846 Ob 1,563 00 - 1,875 60 788,695:50 / 946,434 60 ' 8 10 6 75 -57 75' 69 30 14,573 70 12,144 75 4 50 5 4b 26,393 50 31,672 2b • 114 00 " 136 80 " 768 50 922 20 23,097 25 27,716 70 . . 406 75 488 io 1,139,098. 00 1,366,917 60 27,351 60 22,793 .00 33,247 75 39,897 30 142.67 131.94 211.64 41.34 21.51 34.61 48.98 28.71. 12.22 16:81 34.03 20.00 •53:7817.62 23.14. .17.91 12.35 61.42 .72.94 92.25 C—Continued. SPECIES OF Rate of duty. MERCHANDISE. Ciuantity. Sugar candy. .:. lbs. syrup of sugar and of c a n e . . ' . . . . . do. F r u i t s , a l m o n d s . . . . • . . . . _ . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . do. currants. ,. .dp. prunes '.. dO; figs. do. jdates . . . u . . . . . . . . do. r a i s i n s , i n j a r s , (fee . . . . ' . : . do. • ^ all o t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . do. n u t s , not specified, except those used for d y e i n g . . . ' , . . . do. Spices, mace do. nutmegs , do. . cinnamon. , do.^ c l o v e s . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . , . . . - . . . . . do. pepper, black, do, cayenne, (fee. .'. do. pimento , do. cassia do.' ginger, g r o u n d . .do. - in r o o t . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . do. C a m p h o r , crude . . , , dp. refined . . . do. Candles, w a x and spermaceti do. tallow do. Cheese..'. ; do. Soap, hard do. soft .bbls. Tallow.. lbs. Starch ....'.. do. Value. A t present rates. CO . 00 At 20 per cent'. A t 25 per cent. A t 30 per cent 3 3 3 2" 1 3 2 $102 24 . ^ 2 80 52,720 47 37,136 46 14,060 "79 28,193 26 .892 71 227,216 9i 63,306 46 $32 40 60 30,573 80 11,967. 60 .8,739 00 22,183 20 •222 80 104,394 20 36,924 60 $40 50 75 38,217 25 > 14,959 50 10,923 75 27,729 00 278 50 130,492 75 46,155 75 1 60 30 25 8 5 10 6 5 4 2 5 20 8" 4 9. 4 50 1 2 21,794 35 7,498 50 75,075 90 860 Ob 12,420 16 60,649 30 1,786 10. 141,637 50 47,111 55 259 80 13,557 70 35,281 60 2 00 42 32 24 5,859 81 327 56 3 00 1,686 81 483 58 • 13,746 60 2,543 80 35,244 20 ,686 40 4,885 80 7,575 00 339 80 32,938 00 17,211 20 193 60 6,093 20 28,707 20X 20 52 00 40 1,768 20 157 00 9 20 1,901 00 259 00 17,183 25 3,179 75 44,055 26 733 00 6,1-07 25 9,468 75 424 75 41,172 50 21,514 00 242 00 6,366 50 35,884 00 1 50 65 00 50 2,210 25 . 196 25 11 50 2,376 25 323 75 1,704 112 1,757,349 •1,237,882 468,693 1,409,663 89,271 7,573,897 3,165,323 $162 00 '3 00 152,869 00 59,838 00 43,695 00 110,916 00 1,114 00. 521,971 00 184,623 00 I 06 2,179,435 14,997 250,253 • 3,440: 155,252 1,012,986 17,861 2,832,750 942,231 6,495 677,885 705,632 . 10 . • 629 .6 65,109 8,189 6 168,681 24,179 68,733 00 12,719 00 176,221 00 2,932 00 24;429 00 37,875^ 00 1,699 00 164,690 00 86,056 00 968 00 25,466 00 143,536 00 6 00 260 00 2 00 8,841 00 •785 00 46 00 9,505 00 1,295 00 'B o 60 90 70 40 50 80 20 30 90 P e r ceht. 63^11 93.33 34.50 62.06 32.17 25.41 80.13 43.53 34,28 20,619 90 3,815 70 52,866 30. 879 60 7,328 .70 11,362 50 509 70 49,407 00 25,816 80 290 40 7,639 80 43,060 80 1 80 78 00 60 2,652 30 235 50 13 80 2,851 50 338 50 31.70 68.95 42.60 29.33 60.84 13.37 10.61 86.00 64.74 26.83 53.23 24.58 33.33 16.28 12.00 66.28 41.72 6.62 17.74 37.34 $48 -, 45,860 17,951 13,108 33,274 334 156,591 55,38'6 Barley,pearl...................... Butter Beef and p o r k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H a m s and bacon, Bristles Saltpetre, refined-. partly r e f i n e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indigo W O a d , or p a s t e l . . . . . . . . ; "... I v o r y , or bone black . ; . . . , Alum. , Opium . . . ; Glue.*..-. .. Gunpowder Copperas Vitriol, oil o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . duinine. Bleaching p o w d e r . , Sulphate of ba:rytes Tobacco-^—snuff..'................. cigars..^....... * manufactured, other than snuff and c i g a r s . . . . . . . Cotton, unmanufactured. T h i b e t , angora, and other gOats' hair Paints—ochre, d r y : in o i l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white and red lead . . . W h i t i n g , and Paris white -.... Litharge ......; Putty..:Sugar of lead Cordage, tarred, and cables untarred. untarred y a r n . T w i n e a n d pack thread Seines.,..., H e m p , unmanufactured Manilla, s u n , and other hemps of India, (fee do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do* do. ozlbs. dp. do. do. 1,729 00 48,334 1 ^281 00 3,278 1,088-00 27,866 i 3,640 00 30,968 1 172,076 00 343,218 1,336 00 20,734 • 79,549 00 1,901,960 ,862,700 00 1,131,266 3,194 00 108,166 1,243 00 12,861 . .^- • 8 00 61 37,638 00 14,432 1,275 00 8,264 3,284 00 8,081 12 00 136 8,770 801 00 50,048 00' 23,079 73,174 00 1,882,473 10,020 00 1,327,375 167 00 ^477 1,160,644 00 815,172 do. do. do; do. do.. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. cwt. 63,254 .2,119,639'. 1,890 231,171 26,584 1,703 18,443 00 1 22,023 00 1 145 00 ' I5 14,744 00 4 305 00 1 . 98 00 4 34 00 1| A 1,009 00 5 67,209 00 4| 22,381 00 . 10 00 6 115,768 00 6 7 6,298 00 2 00 146,209 00 do. 48 70,708 238,179 00 282 75 161,741 50 339 30 . 63.98 194,089 80 61.54 6.32 54 21,196 39 28 35 9,246 84 265 84 68 12 V 3 48 646 32 55,741 95 18,716 17 -. 2*88 35,325 78 740 53 56,310 00 ' 3,688 60 4,404 60 29 00 2,948 80 61 00 19 60 6 80 201 80 13,441 80 4,476 20 2 00 23,163 60 1,069 60 . 29,041 80 4,610 75 5,505 75 36 25 3,686 00 76 25 24 50 8 50 262 25 16,802 25 6,595 25 2 50 28,942 00 1,324 50 36,302 25 5,532 90 6,606 90 • 43 50 4,423 20 91 50 29 40 10 20 302 70. 20,162 70 6,714 30 3 00 34,730 40 1,589 40 ,43,562 70 3.42 96.24 19.65 65.42 87.16 69.51 10.23 64.05 82.93 83.62 28.80 30.51 13.97 38.77 88,385 ool 47,635 80 59,544 75 71,453 70 37.10 723 60 397,198 05 . i 1,131 00 646,966 00 588,7.63 10,679 28,155 226 20 129,393 20 10 3 2 li 76 6 8 2 1 40 1 7,236 13,239,935 232 518 70 1 84 30 326 40 1,062 0.0 51,622 80 400 80 23,864 70 258,810 00 958 20 372 90 2 40 11,291 40 382 50 985 20 , 3.60 240 30. 15,014 40 21,952 20 3,006 00 - 50 10 348,193 20 12 40 1 5 1 do. do. 16,158 1,114,839 416,915 432 251 70 25 272 00 885 00 43,019 00 334^ 00 19,887 25 216,675 00 . 7 9 8 60 310 76 2 00 9,409 50 318 76 821 00 3 00 200 25 12,512 00 18,293 50 2,505 00 41 75 290,161 00. 345 80 1 966 68 1 . .56 20 163 90 i 217 60 567 32 708 00 929 04 3,432 18 - 34,415 20 267 20 414 68 15,909 80 4,754 90 172,640 00 56,562 80 638 8.0 1,081 66 , 248 60 96 46 1 60 91 7,627 60 . 10,824 00 255 00 413 20 656 80 646 48 2 40 2 70 160 20 87 70 10,009 60 9,231 60 14,634 80 18,824 73 2,004 00 6,636 87 33 40 67 24 232,128 80 326,068 80 2 5 2 3 1 2 125 55.90 58.32 51.21 26.24 . 1.99 31.03 5.97 6.55 33.86 7.76 11.37 28.75 32.40 19.68 22.60 10.94 18.44 25.72 66.23 34.27 28.09 C—Continued. .IMPORTED.. ^. S P E C I E S OF M E R C H A N D I S E . . • I - (iuantity. jute, .Sisal grass,, coir, (fee, used as• hemp for cordage..'. cwt. 24,339 Cordilla, or tow of hemp or flax . (lo.' 8,433 Flax, unmanufactured do. . . • -8,879 Rags of all k i n d s . . . . . . . . . . . - . . .,...•. lbs. 10,903,101 Sheddy, or waste.. ' . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . do. . .780Hat bodies or felts, made in whole Or in part of wOol. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... do. 216 Glass—watch crystals.....;. ..; gross ^ 1,165 ^glasses or pebbles for specta- .: cles i do. 1,793 Cut glass,, cut one-third the height or . ^.•. length: thereof........... lbs. 1,360 cut above one-third, and . not above one-half . . . . do. 865 •cut one-half, and exceedine" do. - ; 5,677 cut chandeliers, ' candlesticks, ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . . do. 41,701 _Plain glass, moulded or pressed, weighing over 8 oz.. do. 12,882 moulded or pressed, weighing 8 oz. or •; . under, except tunT- • .biers...,..... i . do. • 4,248 • moulded pr - pressed, • , . .w.eighing.over.'-8ozv . when stoppered.... do.. 2,035 .. : , moulded ; or pressed, weighing 8.oz. or under when stoppered, do. 967 - DUTIES. R^te of - At present duty. rates. Value. $106,717 .46,602 , 90,509 421,080 8 o 00 .$1 25' • 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 i .1 00 249 00 .. 18 4,588 00 2 00 .8,089 00 2 00 471 bo . 25. 478 00 35 4,210 00 45 20,968 O.b 45, $30,423 . 8,433 • 8,879 27,267 I At 20 per cent.. At 25 per cent. At 30 per cent. 75 '• $21,343 40 $26,679 25 00, • 9,320. 40 11,650 60 00 . .18,101.80- ~\ 22,627 25 76 84,216 00 106,27.0 00 95 1 60 2 0b • 38 88 2,330 00: 49 80 917 60 ' $32,015 13,980 27,152 126,324 ' ; .2 ,10 60 70 00 40 62 25 1,147 00 . .74 70 . 1,376 40 2,426 70 3,586 00 1,617 80 2,022 25 340 00 94 20 117 75 302 75 . 95 60 119 50. . 14130 143 40 ."B'.O' Per. cent. 28.50 18.09 . 9.81 .64.74 24.37 15.61 50.78 44.33 72.18. 63.33 2,509 65 842 00 1,052 00. 1,263 00 18,.765. 00 .4,193 60 6,242 00 6,290 40. - 1,288 20; 416 00 .520 00 624 00 89,49 2,080 00 10 . .1,888. 00 12 509 .76 .377 60 472,00 566 '40 663 00 14 284 90 .132 60 165 75 198 90 497 00 16^ 154 72 ,59:61 61.93 ' 27.00 • '.42.97 99 4b 124 25 149 10 31.13 plain,. '-moulded, or .pressed tumblers.;. do. plain, moulded, or \ . . pressed, stoppered. . and tumblers,....... do. Cylinder -window glass, riot above 8 . • : b y l O i n , . sq.ft. not above. 10 by 12 i n . . do. - .. not abo-ve 14 . , by 10 i n . . ..do. . , •-; not above 16 . , . b y l i i n . . do. ;• • not above 18 > ': . b y l 2 i n . . . do. : above; 18 by .1^ inches. do. Crown Avindow glass,.not- above 10 ,: . .-.: ;.~ • by, 12 in.... do. \ . not abo-ve 10 . • by 14 in...' . do. • . not above 16 by 11 in... do. : not above' 18 by 12. in.,.. do. •••'.'..-. above ,380 00 10 523 30 .76.00 1,001 : 410 :00 14 140 14 ...82 .00 102 50. 123 00 ,3418 21.34 186 72 174.00 217 50 ^' 31 943 06 557 4b 696 75 836 10 33.83 243 00 119 60 149.60 " 179 40 40.63 1,328 00 4 649 12 265 6b 332 00 . 398 40 '. 41.35. 10,225 1,161 00 5 511 25 232:20 290 25 87,957 7,935 00 6 6,277 42 1,587 .00 1,983 75 453 128 00 ;. - 5 .22.66 .25 60 32 00 4,161 64 1,547 60 1,934 50 870 00 37,722 2,787:00 6,943 698. 00 13,728 6 .7,738 00' 1,017 233 00 1,227 534 00 do. 33,824 4,578 00 10 3,382 40' do. 8,590 - 2,340 9,253 17,938 31,240 1,423 00 648 00 1,875 00 5,1840O 12,162 00 57 8 10 12 429 50 163 80 740 24 1,793.80 3-,748 80 M87 635 00 1 75 do. 150 584 00 do. 49 232 00 gross 137.71 2 9,286 69,194 do. do. do. . do. 114.00 95 00 261 00 18 b y . ' 1 2 inches.. Polished pla:te glass, not silvered^-:. not above 12.by .8 inches • not above 14 by lb inches. . . . " not above 16 by 11; inches. . . . not above 16 by 12Inches. . v. not above 22 by 14 inches.,.-.. Apothecaries'.vial's and ^bottles^ . not exceeding the capacity of 6 oz. each..;. ". 1......... exceeding 6, and nOt exceeding " 16 oz. e a c h . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . Perfumery vials and bottles— not exceeding the capacity of 4 oz. each. 5,233 7 •' "8 71 19 • 98 16 348 30 44.03 2,380 50 66.50 .38.40. .. 17.69 2,321 40 ;63.65 46 60 58 25 69 90. '20,65 ' 106 80. 133 50 160 2.0 18.38 1,144 .50 1,373^40 . 73.88 .284 60 129 60 375 00 1,036 80 .2,432 40 355 76 162 00 468.76 1,296 00 3,040 50 426 194 562 1,656 3,648 327 25 127 00 2 75 412 50 2 50/ 122 50 915 60 90 40 60 20 60 30.18 26.29 39.47 34.60 .30.82 168 75 190 50 51.53 .116 80 , 146 00 176 20 -62..07- 46 40. 58 00 69 60 52.80 C—Continued. IMPORTED. SPECIES OP R a t e of duty. MERCHANDISE. Gluantity. P e r f u m e r y vials and bottles— exceeding 4, and not exceeding 16 oz; each. Black and green bottles—- exceeding 8 oz. and not above 1 quart e a c h . . , do. exceeding the capacity of 1 • quart e a c h . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . do. Demijohns and c a r b o y s ^ ' exceeding I gallon, and not above 3 gallons e a c h , . . . : . . . . N o . exceeding the capacity of 3 gallons each - » . . . . , . . do.. Copper rods and b o l t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . lbs. nails and spikes do.. Patent sheathing metal. , do. L e a d , shot .' do. ' old and scrap.. do. in sheets and forms, not specie ^ fied i . do. B r a s s , battery or hammered kettles do.. - screws ^ . 1 . do. P i n s , solid headed j in packs of 5,000 . -each padks pound p i n s . . , V . . . . . . lbs. Fire-arms, muskets. No. rifles ,.. do. Cap or bonnet wire, covered with silk.' lbs., (iovered, with other materials do. Value. A t present rates. -Ss At 20 per cent. A t 25 per cent. A t 30 per cent. P e r cent 16 $111 00 P 00 $48 00 9,873 43,925 00 3 00 29,619 00 8,785 00 10,981 25 142 910 00 4 00 568 00 182 00 227 50 337 20 6,568 1,686 00 30 1,970 40 11,503 636 1,262 33,661 1,341 15,378 3,722 00 117 00 3,361 00 6,874 00 69.00 302 00 50 4 4 2 4 5,751 21 50 671 53 230 4,231 12,422 405 166 00 3,179 00 205 00 4 12 30 45,594 58,646 7,018 16 8,883 13,562 25,828 19,250 15,997 188 5,087 00 00 00 00 00 5,882 00 li 40 20 50 60 12 50 44 08 22 64 67 169 24 1,49b 64 121 50 18,237 9,729 ,10,527 40 1,065 60 00 00 00 96 1,084 96 $22 20 $27 75 $33 30 43.24 13,177 50 67.41 • 273 00 62.41 421 50 505.80 40 40 20 80 80 40 930 50 29 25 ' 840 25 1,468 50 14 75 75 50 1,116 60 35 10 1,008 30 1,762 20 17.70 90 60 154.52 18.32 1.49 11.42 90.91. 76.38 31 2b 635 80 .41 00 39 00 794 75 51 25 46 80 , 953 70 61 60 108.42 46.67 69.26 744 23 672 1,174 11 60 5,165 3,850 3,199 37 1,017 60 00 40 60 40 1,176 40 6,457 4,812 3,999 47 1,271 00 50 25 0075 ^ 1,470 50 7,748 6,776 4,799 56 1,526 11.09 40 00 10 40 10 70 6i 60.54 66.80 21.27 20.95 . 1,764 60 18.44 I r o n and steel wire— ' • not above No.-14. do.. above 14, and not above No. 26...... ...... do. above N o . 25.......... do. T a c k s , brads, and sprigs^— :_ not above 16 oz. per M ........ . do.. above 16 oz. per M . . . . . . . . . . d o . I r o n , manufactures of-^ wopd screws do. cut n a i l s : . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . , . . . . . , . , . . . do., w r o u g h t nails. ., do. spikes, cut or. w r o u g h t . . . . . . . . . d o . • • chain cables, a n d parts . . . . . . . . . . d p . chains, other than cables , do. w r o u g h t , for ships, locomotives, and steam e n g i n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . d o . • malleable irons,, or c a s t i n g s . . . . . d o . mill-saws, cross-cut, a:nd pitsaws , i . . do. steam, g a s , or. water tubes or pipes .-.... do.. anchors or parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . d o . anvils............ do. • blacksmith's hammers and sledr ges....) do, castings, vessels of . . . , . . . . . . . . d o . all other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d o . glazed or tinned hollow w a r e , . (fee......-. do, sad irons, hatter's anti tailor's ' irons . . ; do. cast iron butts or hinges . . . ' . . . d o . - axletrees, or parts thereof do. round or square iron, as brazier's rods, from 3-16 to 10-16 inches "........ do. nail or spike rods, slit, rolled, or ' hammered ......;...... do. sheet iron, except tagger's .... do. hoop iron do. 61,575 . 5,013-00. 26,496 i;726 9,040 00 : 639 00 2,453 . 13,336 323 00 • 1,355 00 "86,668 , 143 921,269 16,430 1,992,849 264,270 123,201 3,779 . 2,672 2,385 58,361 1,035,319 17,133 - 11 63,445 526 57,193 10,718 • .5, 3,078 75 1,002 6Q 1,253 25 1,503 90 j 6L41 8 2,119 68 . 189 86 1,808 00 127 80 2,260 00 159 75 2,712 00 191 70 . 23.44' 29.71 ^5 5 122 65 666 80 64 60 271 00. 80 75 338 75 3,426 60 2 20 12,689 00 105 2b 11,438 60 2,143 60 4,283 26 2 75 16,861 25131 50 14,298 25 2,679 60 -5,139. 9,0: 3 30 19,033 50 157 80 17,167 90 3,215 40 60.70 39-.00 58.01 93.70 87.11 98.61 1,122 60 1,403 25 1,683 90 98 10 87.79 46.22 2,098 80: 3819 00 00 • 00 00 00 00 -.12 ^ 3 44 10,400 16 4 29 36,850 76 • 492 9049,821 22 10,570 80. 5,613 00 • 327 00 4 4 4,928 04 151 16 6,996 00 1 00 408 00 2,371 00 .,57,397 00 5 65 40 . 81 •75 1,399 20 1,7.49 00 102 00 592 75 14,349 25 1,409 25 4,569 00 . 1,198 00 2,672 00'' 119 25 1,459 02 25,882 97 2| 2,931 56 9,457 77 1,483 36 81 60 474 20 11,4.79 40 1,127 40 3,647 20 958 40 33,917 00 2i 11,450 47 6,783 40 17,983 1,324,942 20,437 612 00 80,507 Ob 1,992.00 9| 4 449 57 33,123 66 . 817 48 596,549 25,814 00 2| 36,788 11,565,861 406,337 929 00 480,276. 00 9,252 00 117,262 630,518 148,336 5,637 00 18,236 00" 4,792 00 458,019 2r - 2H 2| 96 90 • , 37.97 49.27 406 '50 122 40 - 29.22 711 30 61.63 17,219 10 ~ 45.09 i;691 10 5,470 80 1,437 60 52:00 51.86 30.95 8,479 25 10,175 10 33.76 102 40 16,101 40 398 40 128 00 20,126 76 498 00 153 60 24,162 10 "697 60 87.80 4r.l4 41.03 14,913 72 5,162 80 6,453 50 919 70 289,146 .62 10,158 42 186 80' 96,065 20 1,850 40 232 25 120,069 00 2,313 00 7,744 20 278 70 144,082 80 2,775 60 58.77 98.98 60.24 109.79 C—Continued. IMPORTED.^ SPECIES OF M E R C H A N D I S E . Gluantity. Iron, band iron, scroll iron, pr (basement rods, slit,, rolled, or . hammered.......... i . . . . . . . . .lbs. pig'. ..*,..........,....... .cwt. oM and scrap. ...;.. do. bar, manufactured by rolling.. do., manufactured ptherwise.. do. Steel, cast, shear, and German....... do. all other.-.-....-.....•••••• •:••. <io. Leather, tanned sole or bend-leather lbs. upper, not otherwise specified...... do. . calf skins, tanned & dressed doz. seal skins', tanned (fe dressed do. sheep skins,-tan 'd (fe dressed do. skivers do. goat skins,'tan'd (fe..dressed do. •mProcco skins, tanned and dressed " do. kid skins or rriorocco,.tanned and d r e s s e d . . . . . . . . . do.. ; goat or sheep skins, tanned . and not dressed . . . . . . . . . . do. kid arid lamb s k i n s - . . . . . . . db. fawn, kici,and lamb, known as chamois i... do. men's leather gloves do. women's leatherhabitgloves do. . women's extra arid demilength gloves . . . . . . . . . . . ' . .do. Value. Rate of duty. At present / At 20 per cent.. At.25 per'cent. At 30 per cent ' rates. 'B o Per cent. 216,255 650,209 116,950 1,023,772 363,530 57,910 6,373 2,799 $7;671 00 $0.02i 506,291 00 45 . 119,740 00 60 1,691,748 00 1 26 872,157 00 - 85 • 732,867 00 1 50 42j808'b0 2 60 . ..979 00 6 . $5,406.37 247,594 b6 58,475 00' 1,279,715 Ob 309,000 50 86,865 00 15,932 50 167 94 8 00 00 00 . 00 . 50 26 96 20,07.0 00 10 -00 . 2,478 00 13,726 00 707-.50 35 00 10,302 20 3 80 1,395 80 7,431 20 474 .40 $1,534 101,258 23,948 338,349 174,431 146,573 8,561 . 195 20 20 00 60 40 40 60 80 30 30 00 40 10 lb 40 70 : -7.07 48.90 48:81 76.64. 35.42 11:85 37.45 17.15 75 75 75 75 Ob 00 52 50^ 15,453 306 70 2,093 70 11,146 80 711,60 15.'40 38.96 62.63 35.40 36.94 29.82 $1,917 '75 126,572 75 ' 29,935-00 422,937.00 218,039 26 183,216 76 10,702 00 244 75 $2,301 151,-887 35,922 507,624 261,647 219,860 12,842 293 337 4,014 • 2 1,239 6,863 283 175 Ob 51,511 00 19 00 6,979 00 37,156 00 2,372 00 5 5 2 2 2 1,125 lb,943 00 2 50. 2,812 50 2,188 60 2,736 75 3,282 90 25.70- • 1,187 5,617 00 1 50 1,78b 50 1,103 40 1,379 25 1,656 10 32,25 3,249 614 9,631 00 2,159 00 1 00 .75 . 3,249 00 467 50 1,926 20 - 431 80 2,407 75 639 75 2,889 30 647 70. 33.73 21.66 227 33,914 133,430 836 00 156,007 00 516,127 00 1 00 1 25 1 00 227 00 42,392 50 133,430 00 167 20 31,001 40 103,225 40 209 00 38,751 75, 129,031 75 250 80: 46,602 10 154,838 10 27.15 27.34 26.85 3,322 18,924 00 1 50 4,983 00 3,784 80 4,731 00 5,677 20 26.33 43 12,877 4 1,744 9,289 593 children's leather habit g l o v e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do* children's e x t r a and demi length gloves . . . . . . . . d o . Boots, bootees, and shoes, or leather and other niaterials— m e n ' s boots.and bootees . . . . . . . p a i r s . m e n ' s shoes and p u m p s . . . . . . ; ' . d o . w o m e n ' s boots s^d bootees . ; . . do. womenjs double-souled p u m p s . d o . w o m e n ' s shoes and slippers . , . do. w o m e n ' s shoes and slippers "of prunella. do. children's , boots, bootees, ^,and shoes"., do". P a p e r , bank or bank-note . . . . . . . . .pounds. folio and 4to post do. . antiquarian and d r a w i n g . . . . . d o . imperial, royal, and siiperroyal • . . . do. medium, .demy, and foolscap, , pot and pith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. all other writing p a p e r . . . . . , ; . do. copperplate, blotting, and cop y i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. colpred, for labels and nee. .. r dies do. marble and fancy colored . . . . d o . . morocco paper. do. paste iDoard, pressing board, and sand paper do. tissue p a p e r . . do. gold or silver p a p e r . . . . . . . . . . . d o . colored copperplate -printing andstainer's. • • • • do. b i n d e r s ' boards; b o x b o a r d s , mill boards, (fee do. sheathing, wrapping, and cartridge... do. blank and visiting c a r d s . . . . . . do. . playing cards do. all other paper. do. 3,16.7 - 8 6,271 2,397 991 1,485 13,932 9,303 00 . 50 1,583 50 21 00 75 6 00 24,936 2,392 1,139 787 8,758 00 00 00 00 00 1 25 30 50 • 40 25 7,838 75 719 10 , 495 50 594 00 3,483 00 > 1,860 60 2,325 75 . 4 20 5 25 4,987 478 227 157 1,751 20 40 80 40 60 6,234-00. 69"8 00 284 75 196 76^ 2,189 ,50' 2,790 90 ^ 6 30 17.02 28.57 7,480.80 31.43 ' 717 60 . 30.06 341 70 43.50 236 10 • 75.47 2,627 40 39.76 3,838 00 .25 1 1,386 60 409 2,526 8,048 468 00 00 00 00 15 17 17 16 182 1,416 4,210 167 9,707 1,277 oo" 15 406 00 256 40 319 25 --7,198 42,124 2,014 00 5,912 00 15 •15 1,079 70 6,318 60 402 80 1,182 40 503 50 1,478 00 604 20 ^ 53.60 1,773 60 107.33 8,432 4,427 0,0 1,054 00 885 40 1,106 76 1,328 10 23.80 • ,§04 -2,624 1,076 . 497 00 2,187 00423 Ob 12i 100 50 316 60 134 60 99.40 437 40 84 60 124 25 546 75 . 106 75 - ,149 10 656 10 126 90 2a.23 14.42 31.79 8,629 28,283. 610 4,979 00 13,031 00 281 00 m 1,078 63 3,635 37 63 75 : 995 80 2,606 20 56 20 1,244 75 . 3,267 76 . 70 26 1,493 70 3,909 :3b 84 30 21.66 27.13 22.68 101 40 126 76 18 60 23 26 5,646 1,214 8,334 24,769 1,114 '3,108 233 7,842' 195 - 709 15,310 • 607 00 12i •/ .12J .1-0 93 00 798 292 141 3,823 10 78 73 10 310 80 6 99 ' 00 3 12 00 25 00 00 •^ " 15 - j 235 23 177 2,296 767 60 26 40 25 50 81 505 1,609 93 . 159 58 •28 764 80 20 60, 60 60 40 20 60 959 60 102 631 2,012 117 ' 25 5b 00 00 199 60 73 00 35 26 955 75 1,151 40 122 767 2,414 140 70 80 40 40 • 383 10 152 10 27 90 36.12 44.52 . 56.08 52.19 35.70 32.80 61,30 ' 7.61 239 40 29.48 87 60 80.00 42 30 2.57.10 1,146 90 60.00 C-^Continued. IMPORTED. ^ DUTIES. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. ciuantity. .Value. Rate of duty. ^At present rates.' At 20 per cent. At 25 per cent. At 30 per cent. •5,2 s o «"1 • • $238 80 215 70 Per cent, 24.34 17.62 • Blank books, bound pounds. unbound . •. do. Books, printed in Latin or Greek-^ bound . . . . , . . . , . do. unbound do. printed in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or English, 40 years before importation..... .volumes. printed in Hebrew, bound, .pounds. unbound do. printed in other languages than Hebrew, Greek, Latin, I or Enghsh,' bound, or in boards volumes. printed in other languages than Hebrew, Greek,Latin, / or English, in sheets or p a m p h l e t s . . . . . . . . . . v...pounds^ printed in English, bound.... do. unbound . do. printed in English,-" printed and published one year before importation, and not republished in the United States, or five years before importation, bound do. printed in English, printed and pubhshed one year before importation,. and not republished in the United 969 845 $769 00 $0 20 719 00 15 $193 80 126 75 $159 20 143 80 $199 00 179 75 . 6,576 4,013 5,960 00 3,426 00 15 13 '986 40 521 69 1,192 00 685 20 1,490 00 856 50 1,788 00 1,027 80 16.55 15.22 27,402 15,415 511 19,967 00 12,965 00 . .487 00 5 10 8 1,370 10 1,541 50 40 88 3,993 40 2,593 00 97 40 4,991 75 3,241 25 121 75 5,990 lb 3,889 50 146 l b 6.86 11.88 8.39 81,995 59,192 00 5 4,099 75 11,838 40 14,798 00 17,757 60 6.92 12,077 5,994 50,402 8,447 00 7,926 00 51,831 00 15 30 20 1,811 55 • . 1,798 20 10,080 40 1,689" 40. 1,586 20 10,366 20 2,111 75 1,981 50 12,967 75 2,534 10 . 2,377 80 16,549 30 21.44 22.54 19,44 24,125 24,407 00 15 3,618 75 4,881.40 6,101 75 7,322 10 14.82 States, or five 'years before ' importation, un bou nd; do. printed reports of legislative committees, (fee .\ . . vols. polyglots, lexicons, and die-tionaries lbs. Salt...' ; ..bushels, Coal...... i : . tons. Coke or bulm . . . * . . . . . . : . . bushels. Breadstuffs, w h e a t . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . do,. b a r l e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. rye..... do. oats . do. Ihdian corn . . . . . . . . . . . do. wheat flour cwt^ potatoes. ..bushels. Fish, dried and pickled— 'dried or smoked cwt. salmon....'...., . . . . ' . .barrels, mackerel ' do. , herrings.' do. all o t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . do. 30,381 29,785 00 37 35 00 10 6,034 3,543,627 85,776 18,267 281 249 43 1,739 .13 14 211,327 4,934 898,663 223,919 564 . ^ 257 158 44 593 6 30 58,949 00 00. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 75 5 25 20 16 lb 10 70 lb 1,297 7,827 19,769 660 2,350 9,646 78,688 187,791 3,968 10,172 00 00 00 00 00 1 2 1 1 1 00 00 50 50 00 3,038 .10 5,957 00 7,446 25 8,935 50 10.20 • 1 85 7 00 8 75 10 50 5.28 49 6 173 1 9 21,132 80 45 90 30 80 70 986 179,732 .44,783 112 61 31 8 118 I 6 11,789 1,297 15,654 29,653 840 2,360 00 00 60 00 00 1,929 15,717 37,558 793 . 2,034 301 683,482 150,108 913 70 16 00. 35 70 26 80 60 80 80 40 60 80 60 00 00 80 20 60 20 6b 40 2,411 50 19,647. 00 46,947 76 992 00 2,643 00 8,728,715 50 16,047,966 .60 1,480 269,598 67,175 169 77 47 13 177 , 1 9 17,684 2,893 23,676 66,337 1,190 3,051 20 90 70 20 10 40 20 90 50 00 70 60.94. 76.05 67.03 161.94 27.33 31.51 14.66 29.32 26.00 32.66 35.84 80 13.44 40 ^ 19.91 15.79 30 2L17 40 23.10 60 19,021,344 80 23,776,681 00 28,632,017 20 3,615,619 .60 4,619,399 60 6,423,279 40 32.40 14,-540,737 65^ 6,982,972 40 16,278,117 22 12,038,372 40 Paying duties....Free goods '. 95,106;724 00 22,147,840 00 30,818,854 87 117,254,564 00 ' -41.64 27:04 34,914,862 00 60,1,91,862 00 1 50 75 76 00 26 60 00 26 25 60 25 10,474,468 60 18,067,5"58 60 Specific articles '. Ad valorem articles. ...^..... . > . . . . . . . . . Totah value, (fee 1,233 224,665 55,979 141 64 ^ 39 11 148 1 7 14,737 30,818,854 87 22,636,864 40 28,296,080 50 33,955,296 60 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, REGISTER'S' O F F I C E , Novemher 29, 1845. R. H . G I L L E T , Register. 00 m O P^ t^ > o H n D. 00 Statement ofi Imports, Exports, and consumption ofi Foreign Merchandise, fior the year 1845, MERCHANDISE F R E E OF DUTY. S P E C I E S OF M E R C H A N D I S E . Articles imported for the use ofthe United States,....'.., .•» specially, for the use of philosophical societies, colleges, (fee: i . . . books, maps, and charts; . . . . . . . . ; . . * . . . statuary, busts, casts,.(fee. .'..... paintings, drawings,.-etchings, and engra. vings . . . . . . . . . ...^. paintings of Americah artists residing ' abroad... * .;..... Wood, dye, in sticks.. . . ^ . . . . . . . .*. • ,.. unmanufactured, not s p e c i f i e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . Specimens of botany, natural history, and mineralogy..... Models of inventions and; machinery.. Anatomical preparations. .:............. Burr stones, u n w r o u g h t . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crude brimstone and sulphur.. * Bark of the cork t r e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . .Clay, u n w r o u g h t . , ; . ; . . . ; . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . Animals for breed..: . . . , : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barilla.^i...;. ;: . . . . . ; . ; . . . . ; . . . -^...........,.,.....,...'. *. * Nuts and berries used in dyeing Old p e w t e r . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . * . . . Brass, in pigs and b a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . ; ; . . . . . . . .\ old, fit only for remanufacture... i. Copper, in pigs and bars . . . ' . . . ; . i plates, suited for sheathing of s h i p s . . . , . , . . . . . . . : IMPORTED, duaritity. EXPORTED. Value". ,Q,uantity.;. C O N S U M E D A N D ON H A N D . Value: . Gluantity. Value. • "$15,279 $15,279 4,167 30,127 4,333 4,167 30,127 4,333 2,448 .2,448 4,161 603,408 87,315 6,364 1,160 1,864 32,624 108,619 8,812 14,670. 26,637 22,917: 132,490 69 12,037 1,665 1,095,230 738,936 $349,067 4,062 7,994 6,275 27,223 4,161 264,341 83,253 6,364 1,150 1,864 32,624 100,625 8,812 14,670 25,637 22,917 132,490 59 12,037 1,665 1,088,955 711,713 ^ 0 t* ^ •. 1 •4^ ore. •;•.••'•• old, fit only for' remanufacture........".......'.".. 1 Gypsum, or plaster Of Paris. Adhesive felt, for sheathing of ships. Epaulets and wings, of gold and silver . . . . ; . . . . . . . Bullion, gold". ;.;............................... silver............................. ..:... Specie, gold . , . . ..*..................... i.......... silver Teas :•....... . Coffee...................:.........\.....^ ........ All other'articles ..i......./.... 19,630,045 107,860,911 127,490,956 Exportations over importations—^ Specie, g o l d . . . . . ; . . . . . J silver.... ^................i. 48,807 .81,264 ; 77,990 1,032 3,846 66,103 41,275 752,7473,210,117 5,730,514 i6,22i,271 2,968,663 22,147,840, 28,780' 497 »- • ^ 20,027 80,767 77,990 1,032 3,845 66,103 41,275 2,467,495 13,501,972 2,210,979 6,661,070 920,893 - 840,739 227,520 17,162,550 94,368,939 4,809,621 5,380,632 2,731,043 15,969,467 10,175,099 111,521,48.9 15,771,926 00 O i;458,2,32 2,340,953 3,799,185 127,490,956 22,147,840 15,969,467 10,175,099 111,521,489 11,972,741 o pi > m a D—^Continued. -O: FOREIGN S P E C I E S OF M E R C H A N D I S E . IMPORTED. Quantity. Value. W o o l , unmanufactured, not exceeding 7 cts. per p o u n d . . :lbs. 23,382,097 $1,563,789 exceeding 7 cents per p o u n d . . . . . do. 136,005 450,943 . manufactures of, cloths and cassimeres ^ 5,411,850 226,317 merino, shawls of w o o l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,677 blanke'is, not above 75 cents e a c h . . . . 694,237 above 75 cents e a c h " . . . . . . . . 741,242 hosiery, gloves, mits, and b i n d i n g s . . worsted stuffs. 1,938,109 woolen yarn. <. 19,938 worsted y a r n . 168,037 .' . . . coach l a c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . 69 ... ,. . .all other........... .> .. ..<-.,.,..,..... . . . . . . . . 663,409. Cottons, colored, exceeding 30 cents per square yard'. 3i390,145 not exceeding 30 cts. per sq. y a r d . .sq. y d s . 25,0.27,699 5,182,401 uncolored, exceeding 20 cents per square yard 381,791 Vnot exceeding 20 cts.'persq. y a r d . .sq. y d s . 11,262,418 1,441,660 velvets, cords, molesldhs, (fee. j exceeding 35 cents, per 'square yard I \ . .-.'.'.'..' i'..." . . * . . . : • . . . . ' . . ' . . . . ' . . . . ' . 548,974 - ' veWets, cords, mdleskiris,'(fec., not exceeding 36 cents per square y a r d . \ . . . . : . . . \ . . . . . " . . . . . . '. .sq. y d s . 122,317 426,884 twist, y a r n , or thread', bleached or' colored, (Costing l e s s t h a n 75 cents per pound .\ . . . ; ' . . ' i . . . . . ' . : .lbs. . 103,869 43,996 twist, y a r n , or thread, unbleached or'uhcolored,'cost• ing less than 60 cents per p o u n d . . ' . . . . . . ; . . ' . " . .lbs. IO3294 20",068 all other,'exceeding such minimunis, and on spools.. 611,480 " . hosiery, gloves, mits, and b i n d i n g s . ' . . " . . ' . . ' . ' . . . . . - . ' . . 1/326,631 all other manufactures of,- not s p e c i f i e d . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . 903,694 MERCHANDISE. C O N S U M E D A N D ON EXPORTED. Quantity. ' 64,495 1,008,283 1,206,546 Rate of . duty. Duties. HAND. Value. Quantity. Value. Per cent. 23,382,097 $1,553,789 5 386,448 113,852 30&3p.lb, 5,380,038 40 214,991 • 40 - 30.4,205 15 26 .690,357 30 • 738.787 30 .1,840,699 30 : 19,9.38 6,048 30 • 162,989 ' 729 4,915 548,494 .40 80,088 3,310,b57 30 201,687 24,019,416 4,980,714 43.40 4,104 377,687 -30 158,495 10,056,872 1,283,165 47.02 $22,153 31,812 , 11,326 472 3,880 2,455 97,^410 20,187 $77,689 45,749 2,152,016 85,996 45,630 172,589 • -221,636 552,209 ,5,981 48,896 219,397 993,017 2,161,747 113,306 603^352 528,787 30 158,636 10 5,941 1,484 420,943 120,833 36.57 44,199 01 2,111 1,526 101,768 42,470 44.92 19,079 62 11,779 • 5,582 3,816 2,455 .23,131 8,289 • 4,712 507,665 1,324,176 '880,463 26.38 30 30 30 1,243 152,299 397,252 264,138 35 50 80 90 Silks, floss, and other dyed, prepared for m a n u f a c t u r e . . . « i . . . . shirt's or drawers,- made-up wholly, or in p a r t . . . . . . . . . umbrellas, parasols j and s u n - s h a d e s . . , . . . a bolting cloths.. . . . . . . ; < * . . . , . . . . , . ^ manufactures of, mixed,with metals...* . . . . . . . . . , . . . • : . . ^ caps, turbans, .(fee,, for women-.. . . . . . . i i i i .<. * . . . . . . ; manufactures of, not specified..; . ; . . . . . . * * . . . . . . . * . . - . silk and worsted g o o d s . . . . . . . . -.,-...% .ii.i...... Camlets, and other manufactures of goai,S'' hair and m o h a i r . . Liace,- thread, and insertings.* <,.,.......'........; -^ cotton'quillings, insertings, bobbinet, ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold and silver lace, tresses, tassels, k n o t s , stars, ( f e e . . . . . . . . leaf. .,... i . . . . . . . . . . . . ' - . . . . - . . Embroidery in gold or silver,-Qther than clo thin g.^.,*; .i i i * ; . . . F l a x , linens, bleached and'unbleached-..;. - . ; . - - . . . . . . - ; . . i hosiery, gloves, mits,- a-nd bindings .....•...•.'.. i . other manufactures o f ; . ' . . . . . . . . ; - . . - . . . ; . . . . . . ; . . . . . ; H e m p , sheetings, brown and whiter ..-...'; .• i ; . ticklenburgs, osnaburgs, and b u r l a p s . . . ; .• -.... Oither manufactures o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . ; . ;.;. Clothing, ready m a d e . , . . . . ; . . . . . . . ^......... articles hot specified, w o r n b y m e n , w o m e n , and children . . . . . : . . , . . -..-......'...-...;.. Grass cloth ;.-. ...-....'........ Carpeting, not s p e c i f i e d . : . . , . . . ; . ' ; . .•;. ;' M a t t i n g , Chinese, of flags, jute., o r grass , not specified.. , i...... W i r e , silvered or plated .,... brass or copper Iron and steel, fire-arms, not s p e c i f i e d . . , . . . . . . . . , side-arms drawing and cutting-knives -. .hatchets, a x e s , and adzes.. socket chisels plane irons steelyards and scale-beams vices , •sickles and r e a p i n g - h o o k s . . . . . - . . , . . . . . . . . . . . ^ scythes. spades and shovels squares ..,.,, • 40,893 3,782 11,701 29,636 13,146 5 212 4,298,224 606 624,379 106,730 1^5,471 206,782 •67,232 1,105,796 18,314 31,745 87,783 . 38,407 680 •. 9,508 144,877 I,-278 9,003 • 5,123 9,529 2,891 10,181 29,589 3,79.4 23,740 14,428 ' ~' . a,ii7^i Air . A -T ^ 11,40^ 15,916 .r. .- - . r .A ^ .* . * - * . • .? * r .T ••^ ;,> . * r 59,333 636 1,309 1,144 - _. ^. . .-.•• -. r 20,718 31,251 17,727 2,670 5,651 * --, - '3,347 . 362 . .982 - . - ^ ^ - -' -^ - • - J - 138,913 • - - JS _ - - _ .r • :r _ • 6- •f - . '247 4,645 .-r . - 2,143 r • ^ • s. r -~ •~ . •..? 1,550 " 728 927,755 1,510,310 •228,838 ^8,-979 614,018 28,217 .S i? • • 1 1 - • - • 97 • - - • .c . ..- -^ - 1 40,8^3f -2,232 11,701 27j393 13446 1 728i 916,352 1,494^394 228,838 508,732 609,373 ,28,217 5 212 4,159,311 ' 606 603,666 ^ 755479 177,744 203^12 61,581 25 1 10,223 25 892 80 3,,5i0 3b 6,478 60 3,943 80 30 ^ 218 .40 30 274,905 60 30 . 448,318 20 30 45,767 6b 20 76j,309 80 15 121,874 60 •20 4,232 -55 15 1 00 '20 42 40 20 . . 1,039,827 75 25 126 50 150,916 50 2,5 ^ 18,8.69 75 26 35,548 80 20 40,622 4b 30,790 60 50 .40 1 . 30 1 20 m ^m 40 1,046,463 17,778 26 31,745 30 86,474 . .-25 37,263 25 - 680 " 30 9,508 25 141,630 30 . . 916 30 ' 8,021 30 5,123 30 9,629 30., . 2,891 .. 30 10,181 30 I 2'9,492 30 ! 3,794 30 1 23,74b 30 14,428 30 3,1171 30 1 418,585 20 4,444 50 9,523 50 21,618 60 9,315 75 204 00 2,377 00 -42,459 001 274 80 2,406 30 1,636 90 . -2^858 70 867 30 3,064. 30 8,847 60 .1,1-38 20 - 7,122 00 4,328 40 936 10| OJ D—Continued. FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. Quantity. Iron and steel -chains, the links longer, than those used- for . ; chain cables.;.-i...... .-.'.i i-.i . . . i . . . . . . . . ; - . . . ' needles, sewing, knitting, and.tambouring....-. V all other manufactures of.. v. i . . . . . . . i.-..";.. Saddlery, common, tinned and j a p a n n e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plated, brass and polished steel. . . . ; ; . . * . . . . ; . . . . Manufactures .of brass...... / . ; - . . . . ;... .copper...'..;....... * . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . : tin...... ^ i ...\ ...-.......;....-;•...•........ p e w t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w.'w i....^...... • l e a d . . . . . . . , ; • . . . - . .i...•.-.. . . . ^ ^ . ' . . . i.....;..;. German s i l v e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . •..'..... •.;;. . . . bellmetal...............;........;...... .'*.....-. z i n c . : . i . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . : . . . . . i . . . . . . i . i... ... - b r o n z e . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . ' . . . ' l e a t h e r . . ; . . . . . . . ; . ..•.....•...•.*-...•. ^ ..:.^.;.. Glass, plate, exceeding twenty-two by fourteen inches.... .* i . s i l v e r e d . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i.... ..•^. . . • . , . . . . . . i f ^ f r a r n e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . *."..... paintings on, porcelain o r . c o l o r e d . . . . . . . . . ; i . . . . . . . . . manufactures of, not specified... * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hats and bonnets, (fee, Leghorn,ychip, straw,-gi;asSj (fee...-. « . " palm-leaf, rattan V, willow, ( f e e . . . . . . . . hair, whalebone,. (fe(5...-; - . . : . . . . . . . . .• Wood, cabinet w a r e . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - manufactures of/. -... . . . . . , • ; • . . - . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . - . . . . ' . . .^ Wares, china and pOrcelaini,,., •.'.-.,-......... CONSUMED AND ON HA^^D. ~ -EXPORTED. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Value. $21,999 160,731 3,729,465 i25v750 142,497 120,083 107,756 13,131 787 15,663 621 9.31 3,626 109,668 8b,263 274,281 15,347 -.•5,772 75,9.76 712,923 5i-,'785 318 26,056 15b,036 252,256 Quantity. Value. 40,936 331 1,080 •667 1,156 381 53 112 32,655 2,277 c4-,879 1,442 Quantity. Rate of duty. Duties. Per cent. 30 20 30 2b 30 30 30 3b 30 30 30 30 30 30 35 30 37:74 30 30 25 35 35 35 30 30 30 $6,599 70 32,012 60 ,106,558 70 26,160 00 42,649 80 35,700 90 32,326 80 3,769 20 4,-466 70 236 10 4,698 90 ,186 30 , 279 30 .1,087 •80 37,979 2b 23,964 60 103,493 66 4,670 60 1,731 60 18,993 75 238,093 80 18,124 75 111 30 7,133 70 43,647 .10 75,244 20 Value. $21,999 160,063 3,688,629 125,760 142,166 119,003 10T,756 12,564 • 4,889 • -787 15,663 621 931 3,626 108,612 79,882 27.4,228 16,236 •- 5.,-772 75,976 680,268 •51,786 : 318 23,779 145,167 25b,8i4 earthen and stone •plated and g i l t . / . japanned.......'. F u r s , ., undressed, on the s k i n . . . . . . . . . . . . hats, caps,-muflfs, and t i p p e t s i . . hatters',, and oth.er f u r s . . . . . . . . . Hair-cloth and hair s e a t i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . Brushes of all kinds. P a p e r hangings . . . . . . - . Coach and harness furniture..' . Carriages, and parts of c a r r i a g e s . . . . . . Slate's of all kinds Black lead p e n c i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper bottoms, c u t . r o u n d , ( f e e . . . . . . . . Square.wire,Tor umbrella stretchers. . . Z i n c , in' plates dr s h e e t s . . . Chronometers, ship or b o x . Clocks ., W a t c h e s , and parts of watches..... Manufactures ofgold and sil ver, platina, (fee J e w e l r y , gold and silver . imitation of Quicksilver . . B u t t o n s , metal '. all other buttons,, and button m o u l d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T e a s , pounds imported from oth'fer places than their growth or p r o d u c t i o n : . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .lbs. •Coffee, pounds; imported from other places than their growth or production '.. . . . . . . ' \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lbs. Corks Quills, prepared '. Quills, other .... W o o d , unmanufactured, m a h o g a n y rose... .i... " • satin'.....'... ... cedar.... * .. Merchandise, not enumerated, at 1 per cent Oi c< 5 7 " '' ' ' ............:... n " 10 ." . ..... 2,187,259 169,227 69,895 256,686 16,646 466,739 90,643 67,426 46,286 1,737 1,688 121,768 11,798 3,455 8,068 • 73,909 11,835 .18,971 1,106,643 . ,39,380 : 64,662 84,877 •54,993 19,168 90V062 - . 1 21,259 1,745 . * - . • - * * • . 30,881 233 - • * ^. - • 17 -. - •? - • - 1^920 *. • • . . ;r . • - • 45 - - . . • . - - ; . - • 6,264 272,458 22,261 90,862 • 3,261 - 6,126 261,292 . 18,912 3,240 .15,638 212,975 1,690,460 4,975,003 32,57.6 29,6,85 170,641 28,060 1,736 -3,974 - 25,010 244,398 20,525 •. 86,8.88 3,261 .6,126 196,299 .16,867 • 1,531 3,128 211,660 1,682,812 4,756,88b • 32,351 29,686 154,898 • - • . • • • • - -. . . .". - . • • • . - . . ^ • .. . ^ - • ' • - 64,993 3,045 1,709 12,510 1,325 . .• 7,-648 218,123 .225 15,743 -.. • " • 2466,000 167,482 69,895 . 225,705 16,413 465,739 90,643 67,409 46,285 1,737 • 1,588 119,848 11,798 3,456 8,068 73,598 -. 11,835 18,926 1,098,143 . . 39,093 54,662 . 84,877 . 54,993 17',654 90,062 166,642 . - . . • 15,813 • • . 31,274 - . r. • • 287 -. - ,. - 1^4 - -. - . • . . . . 8.400 -. - • 311 - 182,455 - . .. * ^ ' .- • - ' - - • .-. . • . • - . : 649,800 00 30 47,244 60 30 17,968 50 80 11,285 25 5 5,744 65 35 . 116,434 75 25 22,660 75 26 20,222 70 30 16499 76 35 521 10 30 476 40 30 29,962 00 26 2,949 .5025 1,036 50 30 1,008 60 121 - 7,3.59 80 10 . . 2,367-00 .20 ' 4,731 50 25 25 5 30 25 82,360 72 11,727 90 lb,932 40 21,219- 25 2,749 65 5,296 20 22,515 60 20 5,002 00 ih- • 30 20 -.20 30 25 20. 15 15 15 15^ 1 21 6 7 •71 10 4,106 00 26,066 40 816 25 1,226 20 29,444 85 2,380 06 229 65 469.20 2,116 50 42,070 30 237,844 00 2,264 67 2,226 37 15,489 80 D-^--Continued. • FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. SPECIES'OF MERCHANDISE, : Quantity, Merchandise, not enumerated, at 12| per cent, i 15 ". ,.,,, . . .. 20 w.,,,,..,.,..,-., 26 " .-...%.....,..., . . • . 30 " .;............. .35 • ^' .y .V...........V.-. Value$253 292,873 2,290,897 1\103,334 1,061,291 • 46,701 60,191,862 peduct excess of exportation" over impovtation-^scoach lace^-., •• .. • EXPORTED. IMPORTED. . ^y Quantity. -. n _r - Value. ' ^ C O N S U M E D A N D 0]S[ HAND. Quantity. $49,421 413,204 80,.607 60,452 20,472 T, 2,107,292 2,107,2^2 " Duties. - Value. Per cent. $253 • I2h 243,452 15" 1,877,693 20 1,022,727 25 1,010,839 30 26,229 35 $31 62^ 36,517 80"" 375^538 60 265,681 76 30.3,251 70 ,9,180 16 - 58,085,240 av, 2.7.07 16,722,818 -46 •234 50 35 r 58,084,570 •5 60,191,862 Rate of duty. - m ^: o m o 16,722,583 96 00 'D—rC ontinued. FOREIGN 00 MERCHANDISE. ^ S P E C I E S OF M E R C H A N D I S E . EXPORTED. IMPORTED- .t^ Duties. COis[SUMED A N D ON H A N D . -^s Quantity. Silks, sewing silk, twist, or twist of silk and m o h a i r . . , . . . . ' . . . lbs. Silks, pongees and plain silk, (white,) for printing, ( f e e . . . . . : . . .lbs. Silks, manufactures - of silk, not'specified.. .lbs. Silks, raw silk, comprehending silk in the gum ..,-..lbs. Silk and satin boots and shoes, (fee: - shoes or slippers, for men and women. . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .pairs. laced boots. Of bootees, for men and women... i .-. ; . . . .'.^.i'.pairs. shoes or slippers, f(5r children.. .do. laced boots, or bootees, for chil•• dren .pairs. hats, for m e n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N o . of satin bonnets, for women do. Flannels. .sq.-yds. Baizes and bpckings ' . . . . . . . do. Carpeting, Wilton"... . ^ . . ! .'. do. Saxony do. - treble ingrained. do. Brussels do. Turkey. . . . . . . ? . . • • • • •. do. Venetian do,all other ingrain . . . . . . . do. Sail duck .- do. Value. Quantity. Value., Quantity. Value. m -pq 82,196 $431,632 401 $1,268 81,795 $430,364 $2 00 $163,590 00 38.01 130j858 469,499 3,4.07 21,813 127,451 447,686 1 50 191,176 50 42.70 763,463 7,791,285 27,058 208,096 736,405 7,583,190 2 60 1,841,012 60 24.27 62,697 208,464 1,534 4,362 61,163 204,092 50 30,681 50 14.98 2,509 2,016 2,509 2,016 •30 ^ 762 70 37.33 206 6; 379 4 -, 206 6 154 50 . . 90 40.76 22.50 1,326 4,103 1,781 205,130 278,466 27,676 4,822 82 226,399 771 2^9,473 17,223 744,2111 .-672 8,413 9,426 ^ 76,065 100,332 76,870 . 10,919 73 308,664 1,610 20,776 14,102 272,031 331 50 3,971 00 3,562 00 27,743 10 38,983 84 17,926 35 3,134 30 53 30 124,439 15 371 80 8,841 90 5,166 90 46,858 66 49:33 48.66 37.78 38.36 38.86' 23.71 ,28.70 73.00 40.33 28.37 42.56 36.63 19.31 • 132 237 6,965 3,747 97 ' "291 146 .96 138 200 74,803 1 . .29,485 1 1,326 3,971 1,781 198,165 278,456 27,579 4,822 - .82 226,2,53 676 29,473 17,223 669,408 379 • • .4 672 8,176 9,426 72,308 100,332 75,579 10,919 73 308,526 1,310 20,776 14,102 242,546 D—Continued. ^ «3^ FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. . SPEC^IES OF MERCHANDISE. IMPORTED. Quantity. Cotton bagging. .sq. y d s . of all other materials than hemp or flax. i.. .. ..sq.yds. Floor cloth, patent, printed or painted do. Oilcloth, furniture, on Canton flannel do. not specified..... do. of linen j and silk, for co-v^ers, (fee. • - • s.q.^^yds. W i n e s , in casks, bottles and Oth er vessels—^ Madeira ..galls.' s h e r r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' do. Canary........... do. champagne .-do. . port, in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . . . . ; . . do. B u r g u n d y , "in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . do. claret, in bottles do. port, in casks do. B u r g u n d y , in casks do. Teneriffe, in casks or bottles do. claret, in c a s k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. of Sicily, in casks or bottles, M a r sala.or Sicily M a d e i r a . . . .;galls. of Sicily, in casks or bottles, other wines of Sicily.. galls. red wines, not enumerated, ih casks, , of F r a n c e . galls. red \yines, hot enumerated, in casks, of Austria galls. EXPORTED. Duties. CONSUMED AND ON HAND. Value. Quantity. Value.. a • (2^ Valu e. . Q u an tity. 1,551,044 $117,331 132,489. $14,551 1,418,555 $102,780 $O'^04 •228,448 7,804 6,903 53,743 11,194 5,714 2,369 9,874 42,002 150 3,622 80 186,446 7,654 6,903 53,743 •7,572 5,634 2,359 9,874 5 35 16 10 47,671 14,917 -27 158 47,644 14,759 101,176 23,616 1,778 101,464 2,384 218 •48,688 -260,693 326 . 6,840 1,061,862 145,237 38,289 672 303,399 3,133 . -. 791 40,864 162,368 366 . 6,426 249,633 2,258 4,869 3,730 6,383 2,042 87' 6,107 121 8,948 2,522 10,183 .2,325 1,488 2,232 760 790 98,918 18,747 1,778 99,.422 2,297 , 218 39,740 '. 258,071 325 4,358 1,049,630 . 141,507 31,906 672 297,292 3,012 ' 791 30,681 .. 160,033 366 5,666 248,843 >. , ^...>^ . 3 --g'^ ^ J B o o^'-" W - $56,742 20 9,322 2,678 1,104 5,374 55.2b 30 90 48 30 122.79 47.54 . 46.82 54.42 121 ^,965 50 40.35 7| 60 60 4b. 15 35 35 6 15 20 6 . 7,418 11,248 -1,066 '39,768 344 76 13,909 15,484 48 871 .62,977 86 20 80 80 65 30 00 26 75 60 80 5.24 35.25 158.75 13.38 11.43 9.64 45.33 9.67 13.32 15.38 26.30 62,873 31,669 5,705 3,009 57,168 28,660 25 14,292 00 49.87 47,717 14,364 233 109 - 47,484 14,256 15 7,122 60 49.96 -^380,946 73,658 7,130 2,434 373,816 71,124 6 22,428 96 31.53 343 30 343 30 6 2b 58 68.60 red wines, not enumerated, in •casks, of Sardinia. galls-. .^ red wines, not enumerated, in ' casks, of Portugal and possessions " white;and red, not enumerated,,in casks, of F r a n c e . . . . . . . . . . . .galls. white and fed, not enumerated, in casks, of A u s t r i a . . . . . . . .galls. white and red, not enumerated, in ^ casks, of Portugal and possessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' , . . .galls.' white. a;nd red, not enumisrated, in bottles", (Df .France galls. white,an(l. red, not enumerated, in bottles, of A u s t r i a . . . . . . .galls. white and red, not enumerated, .in bottles, of Portugal and possessions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g a l l s . . white and red, not enumerated,Hn casks, of Spain.. . . . ..^.gd:lls. white and red,-not.enumerated, in casks, of G e r m a n y ...galls." ~ white and red, not enumerated, in ^ casks, of the .Mediterranean. .•..,.. galls. white and red, not enumerated,.in "bottles, of Spain .galls.. white and'red, not eriumerated, in bottles, of G e r m a n y ...galls. white and red, not enumerated, in bottles, of the Mediterranean, galls, other, not enumeratad, in bottles. • galls, other, not enumerated, in casks., galls. Foreign distilled spirits, from g r a i n . . . . d o . brandy...do. Other materials., galls. cordials..do.. 90.1 692 692 90 - 4i 52 46.13 113,607 .69,532 4,502 2,046 109,105 67,486 6 6,546 30 9.70 45.6,927 128,986 12,69b 5,205 443,237 123,781 7i 33,242 77 -.'26.'85 "•-17 •'..4 7= 1 27 31.75 .134,469 81,665 -.7: 10,084 42 12.34 3b,813 13,304 2b .6,162 60 " 46.32 49 10 16 '4 136,791 82,193 1,332 31,586 14,630 773. . 4 9 . -528 10 7 35 73.60 ^ .' 1,006 1,806 300.,609 73,535 23,746 7,782 51,484 12,900 9,140 20,288 570 s2,082. 8.34 12i 35,040 12 54.41 121 2,968 25 38.14 12| 6,175 25 50.08 i,?06 15 280,321 64,395 23,746 • 7,782 -49,402 12,330 20 53 60 3,683 1,318 3,931 7,453 72 .. 400 6,04 423 2 3 ' 215. 606,311 1,081,314 262,643 819,640 616 3,156 23,403 • 897 2,943 30,664 603,155 1,057,911 270,484 20,727 78,967 30,080 94,264 227 62,058 292 176,220 20,600 ' 150 75 .1,006 3,869. 7,063 20. . 771 80 10.94 504 423 20 100 80 -^23.83 66 413 259,600 788,87.6 61.78 1 00 372,629 16 1,057,911 00 143.52 134.10 16,899 . 29,788 61.78 60 108,868 72 12,300 00 644.23 41.29 0\ 00 D-^Continued. FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. IMPORTED. Quantity. Beer, ale, and porter, in bottles.... . in casks., do Vinegar . . . i .."... -..do Molasses. .do Spirits of turpentine". .do Oil, whale and other fish •• • . . ...do spermaceti." .;'. .d"p olive, in casks ...".-... .do castor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . do , hnseed . . . . . . . . " . . - . . . . . . , . . .dq of almonds .......;. lbs of cloves do Cocoa..: :..... ' . . .do Chocolate...". -.............do Sugar, brown... ,.... .do white.. — ...........do loaf, and other refined..;.......do, candy do, sirup of, and cane .do, Te; .. do. Fruits, almonds..... . i . . do, currants. .do prunes . . . . . . . . . ;i .do, figs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .do, dates.. do. raisins, in jars, ( f e e ; . . . . . . . . . .do, all, other..'. - . . : . . . . . . . d o . Nuts, not specified, except those used in dyeing ...,..-...; do. EXPORTED. Value. Quantity. 100,256 • 7,810" • .38,287 201,311,364 33 259 • $93,214 3,384 6,252 3,164,782 27231 .82,655 . 9 227,114 893 2,372 1,666,094 5,027 111,957,404 1,662,574 2,b44,862 1,704 112 48,579 • 18 106,674 466 200 3,074 92,389 1,888,781, 1,627 4,556,392 11,199,089 91,172 759,639 132,991 1,840,909 162 3 60 162,869 61,388 59.,838 17,342 43,696 34,615 110,916 68,662 1,114 444 521,971 101,385 184,623 136,251 1,757,349 1,237,882 468,693 1,409,663 89,271 7,573,897 3,166,323 2,179,436 68,733 4,361 '8,849 3,204 3,276,436 11,332 166 4,160 151 28,124 52,968 Value. Quantity. 13,758 95,895 3,311 924 35,083 82,761 198,034,928 33 800 146 • 3,887 78,495 114 19,494 198,990 893 600 2,172 152,630 6,027 541,103 100,758,315 66,753' 902;936 186,396 203,953 ' 1,704 112 30 8,102 , 1,695,961 1,708 1,220,540 4-34,078 5,168 1,351,101 6,363 88,827 31' 7,472,512 10,369 3,029,072 10,240 3,556 2,126,467 ValueT -p o cr P^ $89,456 $0 20 73 15 6,328 8 3,072,021 mills 4^ 27 10 15 26 44,692 20 40 86,080 26 - 456 9 2,474 30 1 1,627 4 4,015,289 2. 34,419 4 6 162 6 3 2; 144,767 68,130 38,627 106,553 1,083 511,602 174,383 65,178 "c'-b Duties. CONSUMED AND ON HAND. 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 $19,179 00 21.43 2,806 64 891,157 18 ' 3 30 52.67' 29 ^ 12.22 15,699 00 35.10 49,747 60 80 37 661 60 57.79 17.62 26.33 201 2,518,957 36,117 12,237 102 2 08 88 40 18 24 80 12.35 62.73 104.93 60,878 "83 36,616 20 13,022 34 27,022 02 88a 27 224,176 36 60,681 44 36.14 62,99 33.80 26.60 82.02 43.81 36.31 21,264 67 32.62 63.11 93.33 I Spices, m a c e . ' . . . . . . . - . . . . ; . ; - . . . . . . . . d o ' . n u t m e g s . . . .•.. -..do-. c i n n a m o n . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . .do. - c l o v e s . ' . . . : . . - . . - . . . ' . . - . . . . i . . . .do-. pep23er, b l a c k . - . - . . . ; ; . . . - ; ; ; . . \ d o . Cayenne-, ( f e e . . . . . . ' . .do. pimento. . . . . . . > . . - . . . , . . ; . . - ; . . .do-. c a s s i a . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•.'.. ;.- .do-. , ginger, gfound. do. in r o o t ; . : ; do. C a m p h o r , c r u d e ; . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . i ..do. refined . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...do. Candles, w a x and s p e r m a c e t i . . . . . . . . d o . tallow. ; . . . . ' ; .•,,..;-i .do', Cheese. . ; . . . . . . .do. Soap, hard ; . . ; . . . . - . . . . . . ; . . .do. soft.. ."•.- .-.'.bbls. Tallow . . " . . • . . . . . . - . . ; ; . • . . ; . . • ; .Ibs. Starch . - . . . . . . . ; . • . . . . - . ; . . • . . .do. Barley, pearl. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . • . • ; . . . • ; . .do'. Butter . ..; .do. Beef and pork. .-. .-.do. .Lard . ; . . . . . . . . . . . .-.do. H a m s and bacon. . . . . . . . ; . . - . . • ; . . . ..do. Bristles. -. . . d o . Saltpetre, refined . . . . . . . .do. partly r.efined.'.'...-,.•.•.-... .do.. Indigo ..- i ' . -do. W o a d , or pastel ..do. I v o r y or bone, black.. . : . . . . ' . . ..do. Alum , . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . .do. Opium do.. Glue .do. Gunpowder •. .do. Copperas — • do. Vitriol, oil of. do. Quinine ounces. Bleaching powder .• lbs. Sulphate of barytes do. Tobacco, manufactured, snuff. . ..do. ' . c i g a r s . . . . " . ..M. c i g a r s . . . . , . .lbs. • 14,997' 260,253 . 3,440 155,252 1,012,986 17,861 2,832,750 942,231 6,495 6-77,885" 706,632 10 529 .6 65,109 8,189 12,719 176,221 2,932 24,429 37,875 1^699 164,690 86,056 968 444 26,466 - 143,636 - , 9j713 6,815 6 46 9,605 1,295 1,729 114,891 9,234 1,178 281 480 - . 3,640 172,076 1,336 79,549 • 862,700 3,194 T,243 135 12 8,770 23,079 1,882,473 1,327,375 , 801 •50,048 73,174 10,020 477 167 815,172 1,160,644 - -• ^ 35,468. 2,835 .260 • 4-4,644 81;'920 88,263 37,638 1,276 3,284 _ 7,017. 1,631 20,600 8,089 618 140 60 •1,799 208' 20 129 2,622 4,463 94,686 - - • • ^ - . • ; 2,086 6,040 • - 119 50,693 ^ .-- . 1,720,686 776,49,6 3,883 677,885 706,632 -• . ^ 260 179 824 3 - 6,265 289 - - • i 7,415 6,633 -8,770 • -8 - 4 . • 777 9' 4 365 46 1,416 1 5 20 2 1,689 . 221 - -•/• 2 7,183 53,790 14i946 47,1562,79g 1,820,040 1,042,993 108,166 12,861 '8. 6 10 . 6 ^ 5 •4 ^ • . 71,376 63,431 ^ 7b5 26,466 143,636 . O .7,276 50 1 74,623 20 ! 59.96 42.64 7,838 96 62.43 25 • . 55,396 2,374 30,708 343,160 30 12,655 • 61 18,922 :L45 - . - 1 :. 50 1 - - .'6 - 8 12,137 174,970 97,987 529 6 1,658 . '420 68 • 14,663 248^744 • ^ ' 168,681 24,179 48,334 3,27827,866' - 851 . - - - 8,841 . '785 . 30,968 343,218 20,734 1,901,960 1,131,256 108,166 12,'861 . 61 14,432 8,264 8,081 - 1,343 • -2 • 1,088 263 -' • ' , - 6 ' 260 - 582 1,261 6,904 11,874 89;329 .2,196 93,314 22,626 . 1,609 • 6,107 67,265 1,0155384 . 29,462 1,112,065 165,735 2,612 60 1 • \ 1 ' 2 2 • - 5 • 86,034 •3&,824 166 13,667 36,281 26 80 32 70 60 42 32 • 16.2812 . • - 2 4 69.40 - 4,985.64 26.01 94 96 . 6.52 3 00 37.98 637 90 38 59 298 90 943 12 , 69 35 63.30 139 90 2, , . 3,620 171,947 - • 75,086 768,014 3,194 1,243 . 8 18,716 . 1,096 2,460 .^9 20,993 1,877,433 1,327,375 • 801 44,783 72,886 10,020 477 167 764,479 1,086,888 3 1 2 Oi 6 1 • Oi 11 75 5 8 21 40 1 01 • 12 • 921 24 3,431 60 4,550 52,140 1,081 96 10 65 66 46 91 5,661 26 331 66 40 .26.17 1.99 6.05 6.78 33.86 • 7.76 11.37 29.71 .30.25 .10.94 87 70 18.75 8,397 20 26.76 18,774 33 66.23 . 6,636 87 67 24 • 34.27 990 73,756 120.63 61.20 22.03 63.23 24.68 305,791 60 28.13 1 D—•Continued. o FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. IMPORTED. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Duties. CONSUMED AND ON HAND. CO Quantity.. Value. Quantity. Value; Quantity.. Value. m Q-. w, T o b a c c o , manufactured, other than snuff • or c i g a r s . . : — . - . ..".:. ^ . . . . r . . . . . .lbs. Cotton, Unmaiiufactured. ... . . . , : . . . • . . .do. T h i b e t , Angora, and other goats'hair..do.-' P a i n t s , ochre, d r y . .-..: . ' . . . . . •.. .do. - in oil. . : . . . . . ;.do-. white and-red l e a d . . . . . . . . . .-.do. • whiting; and Paris white. .•. . . d o . • l i t h a r g e . - . " . . " . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . .do. - . p u t t y . ..,.-. . . . . . . ;. ...do.. • sug^r of l e a d . . . . ; . . . . . " * . . . ; . d o . Cordage, tarred, and c a b l e s . . . . . . . . . . d o . . untarred.........,..;.....dp. untarred y a r n . . . ;.;;..do. T w i n e and p a c k t h r e a d . . . . . ' . . . - . . - . . . . d o . Seines. — . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d o . H e m p , unmanufactured.......... cwt. .. . ' ManUla s u n , and other hemps of India, ( f e e . . . ; " . . . . - . ; . . . . . . d o . J u t e , Sisal grass, coir,' (fee, used as ;. hemp for cordage U .'. ..do; Cordilla or tow, pf hemp or flax ..do.. F l a x , unmanufactured'.—.' .do.R a g s Of all k i n d s . . . ............lbs; Shoddy,- or w a s t e . . . . - . . , . . .do. H a t bodies, or felts, made in whole or in part of w o o l . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . N o . G l a s s , watch c r y s t a l s . . . . . . . . . . . . .•;.gro.ss .7,236 13,239,935 63,254 2,119,639 1,890 231,171 26,584 1,703 . .232. 16,168. 1,114,839 415,915 . -48 588,763 10,67,9 28,166 14,474 $1,131 646,966 13 ,564,973 6,727 18,443 6,043 22,023 145 14,272 14,744 305 .-•98 v-34 6,859 1,009 646,653 67,209 22,381 401,015 10 47,934 116,768 5,298 594 . 145,209 70,708 238^179 24,339 . 8,4.33 8,879 10,903,101 • 780. 106,71.7 46,602 90,609 421,080 . 216 ,1,165 249 4,688 181 i;o70 84,300 $2,063 792,535^ 2,018. 188. $16,425 21,835 145 13,859 .305 .•'98' 34 259^ 19,394 '4,837 ,56^527 2,113,59.6 1,890 216,899 26,584 1,703 232 9,299 468,186 " 14,900 • 48 540,829 10,679 27,561 446 .^0;527 236,733 885 750 47,816 30,884 6,697 6,544 .4,945 24,339 v..8,433 • : 7,809 10,818,801 .:;78p 216 . A165: 10 109,071 5,298140,372 106,717 46,;602 83,965 416,135 249 • ;4,588. $0 lo: 3 1 1 ¥ 4 H 4 5 ^ 6 6 7 2 00 1 25 25 00. 00 $565 27: 21,135 96 28.36 8,-675 96 26'6'84 .68 12 •3 48 . 371 96 23,409 30 670 50 •.- -• 2 88 32,449 74 740 53 55,122 00 3.44 . 96.79 19.55 62.60 87.16 69.51 10.23 143.60 120:70 28.80 29.76 13.97 39.26 88,158; 75 38.60 Pi 30,423 75 - 8,433 00 7,809 00 27,047 00 195 28.60 18.09 9.30 6.49 24.37 18^ 00 ." 38 88 :2,330 00 15.61 50.78 H ^o glasses or pebbles for spec• • t a c l e s . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . : . . . ' . do. Cut-glass, cut ^ the heightor length th^ereof.> . . ^ .~.... lbs; Cut" glass, cut above .^ and not ^ above | . . . . . , . . . . . i . . . • : . . . . . . . . do. Cut glass, cut I, and exceeding.... do. cut charidehers, (Candlesticks, ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . do. Plain glass,, "moulded.''Or pressed, weighing dver 8 o u i i c e s . . . . . , . . . . do. Plain glass, moulded or pressed, weighing * 8, Ounces, or under,, ex- ; cept t u m b l e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Plain glass, moulded or pressed, oyer 8 ounces, w:hen stoppered, (fee. ..w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Plain glass, moulded of pressed, weighing. 8 ounces, or undfer, . stoppered, &'c. 1 , . . . . do. 'P,lain glass, moulded or pressed,^ tuinblers. ;. do\ Plain'^glass, moulded or pressed, tumblers,. stoppered, (fee. . . . . . . ; -do. Cylinder window glass, not above 8 by 10 i n c h e s . . . . . . . " . ' . . . . . . . ; . .sq.;feet. • Cylinder window glass, not above 10 by. 12 i n c h e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Cylindef window glass, not above 14 by 10 i n c h e s . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . do. Cylinder window glass, not above • 16 by 11 inches .-. do. Cyhnder window, glass", not above 18 by 12 inches. do. Cylinder, -^window glas.s, above 18 by 12 i n c h e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Crown window glass, not.above 10 by 12 inches. , . do. Crown window glass, not above 10 by 14 inches do. Crown window glass, not a^bove 16 by 11 inches. do. 14 8,089 - •1»'793 1,360 471 .865 5,577 4781 4,-21"0,. .178 : 1 • - 1,360 I • > • . . • 1,871 41,701; 20,968 . 2,789 12,8821 2,080 . ' -- .. 4,248 1,888 • 723 663 - 967 . 497 - 5,233 380 - 1,001 410 - 2,036 • ••- 257 ••- •'•*•• ^ . 1,779 7,911 2 00 : .25 471. 3,668 00 44.97 34a 00 74.31 865 5,677. 478 .4,210 • .35 46. 302 75 2,609 66 63.33 69.61 . 38,912 19,G97" 46 17,510 40 ' 91.69 12,882 :2,080 IP. 1,288 20 61.93 3,525 1,631 12 423 00 25.92 2,035 663 14 284 90 42.97.1 :^967 497 16 154 72 31.13 5,233 380 10 523 30 137,71 1,001 410 14 140 14. 34.18 ' 2. 171 72 20.61 2| 920 55 33.51 31 176 50 33:11 1,207 4 433 12 . •.35.88 371 25 9,286 870 700 ~ 37 8,586 833 37,722' 2,787 900 40- 36,822 2,747' • 598. 1,900 65 ::. • • •1,328 2,900 121 6,943 1 13,728 5,043 • • 10,828 533 • • 10,225 . 1,161 2,800 156 - 7,425 I,bb5 6 87,967 ,7,936 9,100 .906, i 78,867 7,030 6 4,731 42 67-.29 463 128 1 453 128 5 22 66 17.69 69,194 7.,738 69,194 7,738- 1,017 1^ 233 • :. = • . . - .• • - • • - - i' • - • 1,017 , 6 233 r . . 7 4,161 64 36.94^^ 53.65 71 19 i 30.55 D-—Continued. 10 FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity. Crown" window glass, not above 18 by 12 inches . . . . ; . . . . . . . „ • ; . . . . .sq. feet. Crown window glass, above 18 by 12 inches .-..-."... do. Polished plate glass, not silvered, not above 12-by 8 i n c h e s . . . ; . . . . do. Polished plate glass, riot silvered^' not above 14 by 1 0 i n c h e s . ; . . . . . do. Polishe(i plate glass,/ not silvered, not above 16 by 11 i n c h e s . . . . . . . do. Polished plate glass, not silvered, not above 18 by 12 i n c h e s . . . . . . . do. -Polished plate glass,"riot silvered, not above 22 by 14 i n c h e s . . . . . . . do.. Apothecaries'vials and bottles, not exceeding the capacity Of 6 oz. each gross Apothecaries' vials and bottles exceeding 6 and not exceeding 16 ounces eacih....; do. Perfumery vials and bottles, .not exceeding the capacity of 4 oz. each . . . . . . . . . : . . . ; . . . . do. Perfumery vials ' and bottles, exceeding .4 and not exceeding 16 ounces each . I . ' . . . . . . ' do. Black and green bottles, exceeding 8 ounces and not above orie qukH each. \ . . : . . . do. EXPORTED. IMPORTED. Value. Quantity. CONSUMED AND ON HAND. Value. Quantity. Value. Duties. ^'1 P^ 1,227 ^ • $534 a ,227 . $534 $0 08 • $98 16 •18.38 33,824 4,678 33,824 4,578 10 3,382 40 73.88 8,590 1,423 8,590 1,423 5 429 60 30 18. 2,340. 648 7 163.80 25.30 8 740 24 39.47 10 • 1,793 80 34.60 3,148 80 27.03 327 26 51.63- .412 50 70.63 122 50 52.80^ .48.00 43.24 28,896 00 67.67 2,340 648 9,253 1,876 9,253 1,875 17,938 6,184 17,938 5,184 31,240 12,162 26,240 11,647 5,000 $515 187. 636 187 635 150 584 150 584 49 232 49 232 16 111 1.6 111 9,873 . 43,925 9,632 42,697 241 1,228 12 1 75 2 76 2 50 3 00 3 00 Black and green bottles, ex.c.eeeding. the capacity of. 1 quart e a c h . . . . . do,. Demijohns an.d "carboys, exceeding half gallon and npt above 3 gallons each. ."............ No. Demijohns and carboys, exceeding the-capacity of 3 gallons each . . . do. Copper, rod and bolts. .pounds. nails and s p i k e s . . . . . . . . . . . . , do.. Patent sheathing metal' do.. L e a d , shot do. old,and s c r a p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dp,, in sheets, and forms not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Brass battery,-or hammered k.ettles. do. s c r e w s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . : . . dp,. P i n s , solid-headed, in packs .of 5,000 each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . . .packs. P i n s , pound ^pounds. F i r e - a r m s , muskets No. rifles do. C a p or bonnet w i r e , coyered with s i l k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . .pounds, C a p or bonnet wire, covered with other materials..,..".. ; . . do. Iron and steel-wire, not above N o . 14. . \ : ..,..,.: do. Iron'and steel wire, above 14 and not above N o . 25 . . . do. Iron and steel wife, above N o . 2 6 . . do. T a c k s , brad'^s, and sprigs, not above . 16 ounces per thousand M. T a c k s , bfads, and. sprigs,.above 16 . ounces per t h o u s a n d . . . . . . . ; . . .pounds. Manufactures of iron— wood-screws • do.. cut-nails do.. wrought-nails.... do. Xspikes, cut or wrought do. chain cables, and parts do. chains, and other cables . . . . do. 142 910 6,568 1,686 11,603 636 1,262 33,561 . 1,341 16,378 3,722 117 3,361 6,874 59 302 4,231 12,422 ; 405 •166 3,179 .205 45,594 48,645 7,018 16 26,828 i9,250 16,997' •188 142 910- 4 00 568 00 1,626 30 1,934 40 118.96 • ,50 ' li 256 50 21 44 60 08 • 648 42 63 64 230 ^67 18.32 1.49 11.48 90.91 76.38 . 44 1,490 64 121 50 46.88 59.26 17,312 00 9,201 80 70.31 63.34 1,20 .60 ' 6,448 10,990 4,748 513 536 1,252 32,421 1,341 16,378 1,.140 4,220 2,314 2,636 7,616 4 228 192 1,206^ 2,000 20,631 106 _ 117 ,3,361 5,646 69 302 _ 4 4 2 4 11 12,422 405 3,179 205 4' 12 30 43,280 46,009 24,622 17,250 40 20/ 82 1 60 2 60 30 00 36.58 5,087 12 1,065 96 20.93 1,084 96 18.42 - • 12 5,087 62.41 13,562 5,882 13,562 6,882- 8 61,575 5,013 61-,575 6,013 6 3,078 76 61.41 2,119 68 189 86 23.44 ~ 29.71 37.97^ 26,496 1,726 9,0.40 : 639 26,496 1,726 9,040 639 8 11 2,453 323 2,453 323 5 122 66 13,336 1,355 13,336 1,365 5 . 666 80 86,668 143 921,269 16,430 1,992,849 264,270 17,133 11 63,445 526 67,193 10,718 86,668 143 .909,802 16,030 1,991,717 2.62,639 17,133 12 3 4 3 11,467 400 1,132 1,631 1,042 240 97 319 11 62,403 286. 67,096 10,399 2i 4 10,400 4 36,392 480 49,792 10,506 16 29 08 90 92 66 49,20 60.70 39.00 58.31 168.14 87 20 101.02 D—Continued. FOREIGN S P E C I E S OP M E R C H A N D I S E . IMPORTED. Quantity. Manufactures of iron—wrought iron, for ships, locomojtives, (fe steam-engines. pounds. mallea:ble:irons, or castings... do. mill-sa\ys, cross-Ci.ut,.and pits a w s ; . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . ' . No. steam, gas,,or, water tubes, or ••.. pipes .pounds. anch ors, or p a r t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. anvils do. blacks,miths' hammers and sledges... dp. castings, vessels o f . . . . . . .^... dp. castings^ all other . . . . . . . . . . . do. glazed or tinned hollow ware, cfec do. sad-irons, hatters and tailors' irons, do. cast-iron butts or hinges....." do. axletrees, or parts thereof... do. . round or square iron, as bra-" ^ . ziers' rods, from ;3-I6. to 10-16 inches do. 'nail or spike rods, slit, rolled, or hammered do. sheet-iron, except tagger's .. do. hoop-iron do. MERCHANDISE. -EXPORTED. Value.. Quantity. C O N S U M E D A N D ON H A N D . Value. Quantity. Rate of duty. Duties. Value. W 123,201 3,779 $5,613 327 112 ^$20 123,089 3,779 $5,593 327 $0 04 4 $4,923 66 .151 16 2,672 6,996 • 18 18 2,654 6,978 1 00 2,654 00 38.03 2;386 . 58,361 1,035,319 408 2,371 57,397 1,132 97 2,385 57,229 1,035,319 408 2,274 57,397 5 2h' 119 25 1,430 72 25,882 97 29.20 62.91 45.09 117,262 630,618 148,336 5,637 18,236 4,792 1,067 102 7,955 . 376 116,195 630,518 140,381 6,535 18,236. 4,417 21 1 1 2,904 87 9,457 77 1,403 81 52.46 61.31 31.78 468,019 33,917 458,019 33,917 11,450 47 33.76 17,983 1,324,942 20,437 512 80,607 1,992 3,3U 14,672 1,324,942 20,437 419 80,507 ' 1,992 .366 80 33,123 55 817 48 87.64 41.14 41.03 596,649 25,814 24,373 317 572,176 25,497 14,304 40 56.10 36,788 11,665,861 406,337 929 480,276 9,252 2,791 51,141 150 1,596 929 480,126 7;656 919 70 289,076 75 8,879 90 98.99 60.20 115.98 93 . 36,788 11,563,070 355,196 ^1 4 88.03 46.22 I ^ d iron, scroll iron, or casement rods, slit. Tolled, or h a m m e r e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. ^Iron, p i g : . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . : . cwt. •^i old and scrap ao. 2 . bar, manufactured by rolling do. otherwise do'. < Steel, cast, shear, and G e r m a n . . . . do. 'l all other i . . . do. ^ Leather, tanned sole, or bend leather lbs. • Leather, upper leather, not otherwise specified . . . . . . . . . . ....".*. do i Leather, calf-skins, tanned and ' , d r e s s e d . . . . . . . : . . ' . . . . , . . . . . . doz. Leather, seal-skins, tanned and ' . dressed . . . . * . . . . . . . . *......... do. Leather, sheep-skins, tanned and . dressed . X * . . . . . do. Le'ather, skiver's"..... -. . . . . . " . do. Leather,-goats'-skins, tanned and dressed . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . - . . . . . do. Leather, rriorocco skins, tanned and dressed...'. do. Leather, kid-skins, aiid morocco, tanned and dressed , ' . . . do. Leather,goat or sheep-skins, tahiied and not dressed do. Leather, kid and lamb-skins, tanned and not dressed do. Leather, fawn, kid, and lamb, known as chamois . . . . . . . . . . . do. , Leather glovesmen's leather gloves . . . . . . . do. women's leather habitgloves do. women's extra and demilength gloves do. . children's leather habit gloves do. children's extra and d.emilength gloves . . . . . . . . - . do. Boots, bootees, and shoes, of leather , , and other materials— . men's boots and bootees... pairs. 216,255 660,209 116,960 1,023,772 363,630 67,910 6,373 2,799 , 7,671 506,291 119,740 1,691,748. 872,157 732,867 4^,808 979 337 175 4,014 51,511 , 2,054 2,992 2,622 2,063 - 763 458,470 8,678" 9,639 13,912 6,140 31,057 54 770 19 450 4,896 6,979 37,166 40 480 .2 1,239 6,863 1,867 216,255 548,342 116,950 1,020,780 360,908 55,847 5,610 7,671 504,237 119,740 1,683,070 862,618 718,965 36,668 2| 45 50 1 25 85. 150 2 50 6 337 175 '8 3,960 1,199 6,863 50,741 5 00 •- . 5 00 6,499 37,166 2 00 2 00 5,406 37i 70.47 246.,753 90 48.93 48.83 68,475 00 75.22 1,275,975 00 35.66 306,771 80 11.65 83,770 50 38.24 14,025 00 . 26 96 14.80 19,800 00 39.02 2,398 00 13,726 00 36.89 36.94 -'283 2,372 283 2,372 2 50 707 50 29.82 1,125 10,943 1,125 10,943 2 50 2,812 60 25.70 1,187 5,517 1,187 5,517 • 1 50 1,780 50 32.27 3,249 9,631 3,249 9,631 100 3,249 00 33.63 614 2,159 614 2,159 '75 460 50 21.32 227 00 27.15 .227: 836 33,914 133,430 155,007 516,127 3,322 3,167 18,924 9,303 . 6,271 120 12 1,020 . 32 22T 836 1 00 33,794 133,418 153,987 516,095 125 1 00 3,322 3,167. 18,924 9,303 1 .60 50 4,983 00 1,683 50 26.33 17.02 21 75 6 00 28.57. 24,275 1 25 ' 7,648 75 31.50 21 24,936 1 52 661 6,119 42,242 50 . 133,418 00 27.43 25.83 D—^Continued. FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. •icj ?>-» . SPECIES q p MERCHANDISE. Boots, bootees, and shoes, of leather and other materials—• : ' . • - men's shoes and pumps . . . ; pairs, women's boots and bootees. do. women's double-soled pumps do. women's shoes and slippers.' do.' • women's shoes^and-slippers of p r u n e l l a . . - . . . . . . . . . i . . do. children's boots, bootees, and shoes . . * . . . - . . ; . . . . . . . . . do. Paper, bank, of bank-note..'..... .• lbs. fplid and quarto p o s t . ' . . . . . . . do. antiquarian and drawing . . . do. imperial, royal, and superr o y a l . . . . . . / . . . . . . V . . . . . do. medium, . deniy;^ and .foolscap, pot and p i t l i . . . . . . . . do. all other writing paper . . . . . do. copperplate, blotting, and c o p y i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . do. colored, for labels, and needles.... . - . . . . . ; . . . . do. marble and fancyr-colored . . do. mprocco paper... . * , . . . . . . . . do. pasteboard, pressing-board, and sand-paper . . . . . . . . . do. iissue paper . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . do. ^ and silver paper . . . . . . . do. Quantity. ^S Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. P^ o^ 2,097 991 1,485 13,932 $2,201 1,139 787 8,758- ) 30 60 .40 25 3,838 5,546 3,838 409 2,526 8,048 .468' 1,214 8,334 2,397 991 1,48513,932 $2,392 1,139 -787^ .8,758 5,546 1,214 8,334 24,769 1,114 2,707 1,277 7',198 42,124 2,014 5,912 8,432 4,427 ' 804."2,524 1,076 .497 -2,187 423 a,629 28,283 ' 510 Duties. CONSUMED AND ON HAND. EXPORTEDi IMPORTED. 4,979 . 13,031 281 300 48,489' $191 10 60 00 00 28.53 43.60 75.47 39.77 25 1,386 50 36.12 24,769 .1,114 409 2,626 8,048 • 468 15 17 17 15 182 1,416 4,210 167 10 78 73 10 44.52 56.08 62.32 35.70 2;707. 1,277 15 406.05. 31.78 7,198 2,014 15 15 1,079:70 63.69 8,432 4,427 121 1,054 00 23.8Q 804 2,524 1,076 '497 .2,187 423 12i 12^ 100 50 315.50 134 50 26.22 14.42 31.7^ 8,629 28,283 510 4,979' 13,031 281 12i 12| 1,078 62i 3,535 37| 63 75 6,053 • i2i: $629 495 694 3,483 21.66 27.13 22.69 1 moved, copperplate, prlntr ing, and stainers'...,....-. do. binders-'boards,box.bo,ards,.. mill boaf ds, (fee............ do., sheathing, wrapping, .and . c a r t r i d g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , dov blank and visiting cards .. „ do. playing cards do.all other p a p e r . . . . . . . . . . ' ; . do. Blank books, b o u n d . . . ' . . . ' . . . . . . . . do. unbound........... do. Books printed in Latin and Greek, . ' b 6 u n ( i . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Books printed in Latin and G-reelc,. ° unbourid........................ do. Books printed in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or English, -forty years: before importation . . . , . , . 1 . . . . . vols. Books printed in Hebrew, bound. ' lbs. Books printed in Hebrew, unboiind do. Books printed -in other languages than Hebf(5w, Greek, Latin, or - • -• English, bourid or in b o a r d s . . . . VCDIS. Books printed in other languages than Hebrew, Greek, Latin, of . > English, in; sheets, or pamphlets, lbs. Books^printed in English,.bourid. do'. . Books printed in English, unbound'.. do. Books printed in'EiiglisK,'prihted . and pubhshed one. yeair before' iniportation, cihd'not republish, ed. in the IJ. States,, or five years befofe importation, b o u n d . . . . . . do. Books printed in English, printed and published one year before importation, and not republished, in the U. States, or five years before importation, unbound.... do. Books, printed, reports of legislative committees, (fee vols. Books, printed, polyglots, lexicons and di(itionaries .lbs. 3,108 507. ' 3,108 233 93 , 233 7.,842 195 709 15,310 969 845 • 798 292 141 3,823 796 719 • 7,842 195 709 15,310 969 6,576 5,960 0,576 5,960 4i0l3 3,42^ 4,013 27,402 15,415 . 611 19,967 12,965 487 81,995' 59,192 1,975 12',077 5i994 50-,402 8,447 7,926 51,831 616 94 24,125 30,381 507. 93 • .10; 310 80 61.30 ^ .3 6 99 7..51 • 798 • 3 292 -12 141 • •26-. 3,823 • • 16. .796 20^ 719 15 26 40 25 50 80 75 - 29.488,01 125.71 60 '24.34 17.62 15 986 40 16.56 3,426 1? 521 69 • 15.22 27,402 15,416 .511 19,967 12,9§5 , 487 ' 5 10 8 1,376' 10 1,541 50 40 88 2,1S^ 80,d20 57,002 .-.5 4,001 00 7:ol j 551 140 1M61 5,900 50v402 7,896^ 7-,786 51,831 -.15 30 20 1,719 15 1,770 00 10,080. 40 21.7^2-2.73.. -19.44 24,407 24,125 24,407 -15 ' fi 10 29,785 30,381 29,785 37 35 .37 35 6,034 4,934 6,034 4,934 - - 5 5 235 23 177 2,296 193 126 6.86 ir.88 8-.39 3,618 75. •'" 14;82 3,038 10 ' 10.20 1 85 ^ 6,28 301 70 6.11 j C5^ D—Continued. FOREIGN Quantity. Salt.. i .bush. Coal.....; tons Coke, or c u l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b u s h . Bread stufifs, w h e a t . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . do. ' . barley...... do. ^ r y e . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . ' . . . do. o a t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Indian e o r n . . . . . . . . . . . do. wheat flour......... ^.. cwt. potatoes'. .bush. . Fish, dried or smoked.... ^ . . . . . i . . cwt. salmon.... .i bbls. mackerel . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . do. h e r r i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. all other. do. Specific articles. ..•• • • • . V . ' . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem Free. Deduct exportation over importation—sundry articles, as per ahhexed statement..'. 8,543,527 85,776 - 18,267 .-281 249 • 43 1,739 13 14 211,327 1,297 7,827 19,769 660 2,360 . - . • - • MERCHANDISE EXPORTED. IMPORTED. SPECIES OF MERCHAiJblSE. 00 Value. $898,663 223,919 564 257 158 .44 593 6 ' 30 58,949 9,646 78,588 187,791 3,968 10,172 .Quantity. CONSUMED AND ON H A N D . 67,667 11,364 $15,304 36,967 -" . . -- ' .-" - . - -' - 300 " - • • 506 21 100 • • 34,914,862 60,191,862 22,147,840 : - . 2,107,292 117,254,564 - 15,346,830 .117,254,564 - - 3,064,439 10,175,099 -\ • • 8,475,860 74,412 18,267 281 249 43 1,739 13 14 210,202 1,291 7,827 19,769 460 2,350 - • 1,125 6 ' Quantity. Value. 15,346,830 .- % - • Dutiea. • O di . "S . Value. $883,359 $0-08 187,962 , 1 75 564 5 257 25 158 20 44 15 593 10' 5 10 30 70 58,443 10 9,625 1 00 78,688' 2 00 187,791 1 50 3,668 1 50 10,172 1 00 ^ 32,223,244 58,084,670 11,972,741 102,280,555 ' ;-':. . 372,821 -101,907,734 •II • . - • _ $678,068 80 130,221 00 913 36 70 25 49 80 6 45 173 90 1 30 9 80 21,020 20 1,291 00 15,664 00 29,653 50 690 00 2,360 00 . 13,200,118 41 15,722,818 46 76.76 69.28 161.94 27.33 31.51 14.65 29.32 26 32.66 35.96 13.39 19.91 15.79 18.81 23.10 40.96 27.07 28,922,936 87 - 51,300 41 ^28,871,636 46 Mte.—^The foregoing table, when placed in the hands of the Secretary of the Treasury to be used in preparing his report, contained errors -which are now greeted. The ad valorem duties were then stated at $13,692,966 25, when the true amount was $15,722,818 46; showing that ?nore than one-half of the [le is now collected from ad valorem duties. The specific duties were stated at $13,311,085 46, when they were only $13,200,118 41. ASURY DEPARTMENT, REGISTER'S OFFICE, January 23, 1846^ R, H . G I L L E T , Re^ster. 00 0\ D«--»Continued* 00 CONSUMED AND ON HAND. E3£PpRTED. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity. Value Quantity. Quantity., Value Value. Rate of diity. Duties. E x p o r t a t i o n s over I m p o r t a t i o n s . Wine, red, of. Spain, bottled .gallons. Wines, not enumerated, b o t t l e d . . . ' . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. in casks do. Oil, sJDermaceti. i dO. whale, and other fish « . . . do. castor.. do. Cocoa. '. .ppunds. Pepper, black do. . Cayenne........... do. Camphor, refined. I . , do. Beef and pork.. do* Lard do. Saltpetre, refined... .."..... do. Tobaccb, unmanufactured, cigars. . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . , M . other thari cigars.........pourids. Cottori, unmanufactured.. do. Muskets.'......-...'........ No. Leather, sole or bend. . . . . < . . . . . pounds. Seal-skins. dozen« Paper, writing, all other ' ; . . . . . .pounds, "Untarred cordage * . . . . . do* Teas ...i do. Beer, in c a s k s . . ' . . . . . . ; i .gallons. Demijohns * No. Lead,,in sheets. ....:....' pounds; Loaf sugar do. Cinnamon do. Gunpowder. ,. do. 3,530 . $1,268 213 615 15 410 897 146 569 96 11,073 142 233,687 2,398^ 11,601 1,333 7,602 2,835 23,910 60,241 51,454 497 845 711 208 1,286- 119 7j238 325,038 697 455,671 448 990 932 145,569 4,634 30,078 4,877 6,368 60 465 • 30 - • 1,026 - - • 141 8,503 • 2,667: 1^,519 AL '*2 10 15 50 '$706 00 138 45 ; 163 73 . 38 75 1,660 95 66 80 2,336 87 • 119 90 1,160 10 266 60 162 04 85 06 478 20 297 50 723 80 9,751 14 . 895 50 27,340 26 2,240 00 954 75 6 00 69 75 36 - - $0 20 65 26 25 15 40 1 5 10 20 2 3 2 2 50 10 3 150 6 5 00 15 53,405 3,972 ,372,821 666 75 1,001 62 61,300 41 *For duties, see the article m the general statemerit; the articles diflfering only in value. TREASURY D E P A R T M E N T , R E G I S T E R ' S O F F I C E , .^'b^J6r)l6er 2 9 , 1845. R. H . G I L L E T , Register. CD 70 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845* - ^E. • • Detailed statement ofi the several. Tariffs enacted by Congressy and, ofi the duties prescribed by each, firom 118^ to 18/12. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 -7; 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Successive Tariflfs. Character. General.... Do...;.. Do D.o...... Special..... General.... Do...... Dp Special..... Do...... Do...... Do..;... Do...... Do..:... .Do...... iGf-eneral.... Special..... Do . ' 18 19 G e n e r a l . . . . Do...'... 20 21 Special..... Do...... 22 Do 23 24 Do...... 25 Do 26 General.... 27 Special.... -. 28 Compromise 29 G e n e r a l . . . . Do .: 30 Tariff......;,...^ Tarifi^... i.,;... ..:...... Tariff..., .....'............. Tariff..........-,.........:.,,.,-,.......... Tariff " A . B., sugar, snuff, internal dutie's". Tariff........... ;................. Tariff......,;....-.,...,.. .. Tariff..'... ...-;......,.... Tariff " o n salt," a d d i t i o n a l . . . . ; . . . . . . . '.., Tariff '^ oh sugar and wines".. Tariff, "Mediterranean fuhd";.,........ . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tariflf,. "light money," (fee.. . . * . . . . . . . . . . . ' . TariflT, (waf,) "'dbuble duties" TariflT " on s a l t " . . . . Tariff,." double duties" continued. Tariff, "-minimuni system b e g a n " . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . Tariff " on iron and alum, supplementary to act of 1816.:..... .....:.., •Tariff " o n wines" Tariff, revised, " woolens, cottonsV' &G. ...< Tariff "minimums extended " . . , . ^ Tariff "ori -wines". Tariff " on coffee, tea," ( f e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tariff " o n iriolasses" Tariff " o n salt" ..-. ......... Tariff " on French .wines" .V. Tariff, "modification of other acts," and did not go fully into operation: ,. .....;........... Tariff "on hardware, copper," (fee. Tariff, *' gradual "reduction .towards 20 per-cent." . . . . Tariff, "the one year". Tariff, ** the present m Operation " . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . ' . . . Date of each act. July 4, 1789 Aug. 10, 1790 March 3, 1791 May 2,1792 June 5,. 1794 June 7,.1794 Jan. '29, 1795 March 3, 1797 July . 8, 1797 May 13, 1800 Mar. 26, 1804 Mar. 27, 1804 July 1, 1812 July 29, 1813 Feb. 5, 1816 April 27, 1816 April 20, 1818 Mar(ih3, 1819 M^y 22, 1824 May 19, 1828: May 24, 1828 May 20, 1830 May 29, 1830 May 29, 1830 Jiily 13, 1832 July 14, 1832 March 2, 1833 March 2, 1833 Sept. 11, 1841 Aug.. 30, 1842 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 71 E—-Cdn.tinued. AVERAGE RESULTS OF f H R TARIFFS FROM 1821 TO 1844. Tabular stcttement ofi the value ofi Imports from October 1, 182Q, to the SQth June, 184:4:; the aggregate amount ofi duties payable;, the estimated aver• ^S^ T^'^ ^^'^^* which the duty hote to the aggregate amount ofi imports; the value ofi imy orts liable to duty, and the estirnated average per cent, ofi the duty arising!; thereon.. • • w • • > • J-" L PHfl fl ' tfl 1 '-gs . verage per cent, imports liable to ties for certain t£ periods. <j ber 31.t . at . stimated average cent, of duties on d able imports. . ' & X I _ _ i '• p.'5.§ stimated average cent, of duty on aggregate value of ports. > ^^ <u • . 1 ggregate; aimount duties payable in years eridirig Deci ' alue of imports in years ending Septi ber 30.*, : Year's. (U ^a a alue of imports pay duties in-the years e irig September :30..* tf- -B S- W ^ 182f $62,585,724 $18,883,252 30.171 $52,603,411: 35.695 76,942,833 31.728 1822 83,241,641 24,096,336 28.946 68,630,979 32.709 1823 77,679,267 22,416,277 28.S94 1824 80,649^007 26,616,966 31.678 . 67,985,234 37.533 i s e 302.2 1 86,392,565 37.102 . 1825. 96,340,076 31,683,096 32.639 72,406,708 34.676 1826 •84,974,477 26,108,254 30.725 67,628,964 41.346 . ' 1 8 2 7 79,484,068 27,962,145 36179 76,130,648" '39.362' .. 1828 :• 88,509,824 29,966,472 33.856 62,687,026 44.299 S 1 1829 74,492,627 27,769,769 37.278 68,130,675 48.884 i 41 965.7 ' 1830 70,876,920 28,417,055 40.009 1831 .103,191,124 36,623,270 35.489 :• 89,734,499 •40.812 86,779,813 33.828 1832 101,029,266 29,366,066 29.056 76,670,361 31.975 1833 108,118,311 24,196,103 22.379 68,128,152 32.666 18,987,962 15.007 '' 1834 126,521,332 71,966,249- 36.038 1835 149,896,742 26,931,233 17.299 97,923,664 31.648 1 1836 189,980;O35 30,991,510 16.313 71,739,186 26.357 ' 131 201.9 1837 140,989,217 18,191,605 12.903 52,857,399 . 37.835 1838 113,717,404 - 19,998,861 17.567 86,690,340 I 29.912 : 1839. 162,092,132 25,631,888 15.813 49,945,315 t 30.391 15,178,975 14.176 1840 107,141,519 19,941,090 • 15.585 .61,926,446 ! 32.201 i 1841 127,946,177 16,686,341 16.589 1 69,53.4,601 L 23.997 , . 1842 100,162,087 For 9 months ending 30th . ^. 64,753,799 , .7,508,627 11.595 .29,179,215 p 25.732 J June .. ......1843 For the year 130 432.5 ending 30th. \ " '^ June ... . . . . . 1 8 4 4 108,435,035 29,395,762 27109 j 83,668,154 35.133. J - 1 J • • : ' • Total averages.. * Authority, '''commercial statements," annually. ....... t Authority, ^* receipts and expenditures," for respective years. 34 973.175 [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 12 E—Continued. 1789, J U L Y 4. *JPor laying a duty on goods, wares, and merchandise iraported into .the UnitedStates.'*^ . Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Spirits, distilled, of Jamaica proof.. all other . Molasses........ ^ . . . . i....... Wine, M a d e i r a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all o t h e r s . . . . j . . . . . . J Beer, in casks. T. ^ 'Ale, in casks Porter, in casks . . . . . . . . -..... Cider, in bottles. — Beer, in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . . .. Ale, in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . , . . . . . . Porter, in b o t t l e s . . . . . . . . .-^ - ^ - . . . Malt ..........;. ..... Sugar, brown. . ........:....., loaf. all o t h e r s . . . . . . . . .,.. Coffee . . . . . . . . . : . , . . . - ...,.>..Cocoa..... ^ - r - r - - ..i -> Candles, tallow . . :..... --..... spermaceti......... / . . . wax..-.'-..;..' -.._-. Cheese. — . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . - . . . . Soap . . . 1 — :1 — Boots . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . - . . . . : . . . Shoes, made of l e a t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . Slippers, do,............... Galoshes, . do . Shoes made of silk or s t u f f . . . . . . . . Slippers, do. do...... . ' Cables...;............ ...... Cordage, tarred . untarred. — Yarn, do.. .— .... . Twine. ......... Packthread ............. Steel, all unwrought.. Nails. .............. .... Spikes .... Salt Tobacco, manufactured ShuC... ....\......... 10 cents per gallon, do. 8 do. 2i do. 18 10 do. 5 .do. 5 do. 5 do. 20 cents per dozen. 20 do. 20 do. 20 do. 10 cents per bushel. . 1 cent per pound. 3 do. n do. / 2J do. 1 : do. 2 do. 6 do. 6 ; do. 4 do. 2 do. 50 cents per pair. -7 do. 7 do. 7 . • do. 10 do. lb do. 75 centsper 112pounds. 75 do. 90' do. 90 do. . $2 do. ' $2 do. 56 do. 1 cent per pound. 1 do. ' 6 cents per bushel. 6 cents per pound. 10 do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 73 E—Continued. Rates of (iuty. Articles enumerated. Indigo. ... Cards, w o o l . . cotton. Fish, pickled. dried... Coal. On all teas imported from. China or India in ships built in the United States, and belonging to a citizen or citizens thereof,.or in. ships or vessels built in foreign countries, and on the 16th May last wholly the property of a citizen or citizens of the United States,, and so continuing until the time of importation, as follows: .. , ,. . Bohea t e a . . . /. Souchong tea, or other black.. ........ Hyson t e a . . .. . -.-.---... Green tea, all o t h e r . . On air teas imported from Europe in vessels as above: .Bohea tea. ...., Souchong tea, or other black Hyson t e a . . . , . ... .. Green tea, all others • On all teas imported in any other inanner than as above mentioned: . v.. Bohea tea - . . . . . . . . - - . . . . -.. Souchong tea, or other black . Hyson tea. Green lea, all o t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On all goods, wares, and .merchandise,.other ; than teas, imported from China or India in ships not built in the United States, and' not wholly the property of a citizen or citizens therebf, nor in vessels built in foreign countiies, and onthe 16th day of May last wholly the property of a citizen or citizens of the United States, and so continuing until the time of importation Glasses, l o o k i n g . . . . . . . 1 . . . .^. ........ Glass, window. .. . other, Except quart bottles.. Ware, China . .. stone, c-. - : . ' - . . . . . . . J 1 eartnen ............................... i.....,.,.,.. 16 cents per 50 cents per 50' cents, per 75. cents.per 50 cents pef 2 cents per pound. dozen. dozen. barrel. quintal. bushel. . 6 cents* per .10 cents per 20, cents per 12 cents per pound. pound. pound. pound. . 8 cents per 13 cents per 26 cents per 16 cents per pound. pound. pound. pound. 15 22 45 27 pound. pound. pound. pound. cents cents cents cents per per per per Advaior sml2J-per cent do;. 10 do. , do. ,. 10 do. ,10 do. do. do. do. . 1 0 10 do. do. 10 do. do. '74 [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E E-^--Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Gunpowder.... - . . . . . . ^.... .. . , . .= Ad valorem 10 per cent, Paints, ground in oil. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ^ „. „ do.. . do. Buckles,'shoe .^... .^ . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . , . .. d o . . / do. k n e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . , ^ . . . . ..do. ' do. Lace, gold . . . . . - . ' . . . . . f i . . . . . . . . . . ... do. . do. .. s i l v e r . - . - . - . . - - - . , - . . - . - - - .. do.. ,. .„ do. ' Leaf, gold .-.-...',... do; : do. silver....-.--..---.---.....-.. :t..'.. do.; do. '. Books, blank. . . . . . ->.. j . . \do. per cent, Paper, writing., . . - . . - J - . . - . . . - . , - . . - - J . . . do.; do. printing ; . . . . . . . ...... . ^., do; do. do. ' wrapping. . . . . . - ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .; do. do. hangings.... J . . . - -.->-... i ^.. J do. do. Pasteboard....... ^.. do, do., Cabinet wares . . . . - - . . . - , - - . - - , - . ^do. do. ,Buttons . ----.- .,- — - i . . - , - . . - . - --,-.- .^..fi-. do. do., Saddles...... .,. ......:....... . do. do. Gloves, of leather . . . . ...;. - - - - . . . . . . = , .. do. . , do. Hats, of beaver . .'...............-...-. do. do. of fur. . . -.. do. do., . of w o o l . , . . . - . . . — . . . . . ,. do. do. of mixture, of eithef . . o^.., ,. J. do. do. Millinery,. ready m a d e . . J do. do. Iron, castings o f . . . . . . . . . - . -» . . . -. do. do. do. . : do. rolled^ .............. do.. do. Leather, t a n n e d . . . . - . . ... - . . - .,--,. :d0. do. tawed-...... . J. do. : manufactures of,, except such: as shall . do. be otherwise r a t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. , do. Canes . ,. | . . . . . . - . . .v.:. - . . . . do. do. do. Walking s t i c k s . . . . . . ^ . . . . . i-...:.. - . . -;. do; do. Whips. . . . . - - - - . - - - - , . --•Clothing, ready m a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . do. do. . do. do.. :: Brushes. . . . ^ . . . . . . . - - .•..--.....-....., Ware, gold. do.: do. do. do. silver - ^-r - - . . . . . . . ..^•'..:. do. do. plated .--.....-......-.:. do. do. Jewelry . J . . . . - . . . . : . . . . . . . ^ ...,.---. do. Paste-work. . .\. ... ^ ;. :do. : do. Anchors . . . . . . ". - . - . .-..--.-... do. do. Tin, w r o u g h t . . - - . I . . . : -. .i... -do. do. Ware, pewter . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Cards, playing '.. ...,......:..,-.,.,.... 10 cents.per pack. Poach,, or parts thereof.»•- ^...................,.. -.. - Ad yalorem 1§ per cent. ^n 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 75' E^-Cohtinued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Chariot, or parts thereof. ^ . Ad valorem 15 per cent. do. do. Carriage, fourrwheeled, d o . . , . . . . . . . . . . . > do. do. Chaise, or parts thereof. .> 1... do. do. Solo, do.-,----.. --... do. do. Carriage, two-wheeled, or parts- thereof.'.'... do." 5 do. AIL other.goods, wares, and mefchandise . . .,. Hemp..-.-.... - -.,.. - 1 . . . . . . . . ' ^ . . . . 60 cts. per 112 pounds. Cotton. - - - - ; . . . . - . . - - . . - - - - . . . . - . - i : . 3" cents per pound. Saltpetfe............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . Free; ' - ' • ' • Tin, in p i g s . . . . . - . . . - . •- ••... - . . . . ^ . . . ; . . . Free-. • • in p l a t e s . . . . -. - . . . . . . . . . . . . Fme. L e a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . , . . . , - - -.- ^ Free. Pewter, old.. -. ' . . Free. .. Brass.. .-v.... . " . • . . • . ' . ' . . . - u - . . . . . . . . . ; . Ffee.. Free. ' ; Wire, iroil. b r a s s . . . . . — — . . .^ ^. -..^.^. ^ . . ^ . . . ^ ^rFfee.^ Copper, in plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . Free. W o o l . . ' . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . - . . . . . . . . . Free. - • Dying w o o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — - - - - — Free. Free.. - Raw hides . . ' . . . . . . . - - - . . i:.^•;...-- ^.^ Free. Fur, beaver..'. . . . . . . . : . ^.;.^ . ^^ ^ . - . ^ Free. all other . . . . . . . . . ^. -. -. -. - . . Free.-. - . Skins, d e e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i.-.....-.^. ^ / . . . ^ Free^ " T h a t a discount of ten pier cent, on all the duties imposed by this 'act shallbe allowed on such goods, wares, and merchandise as shall ''be imported in vessels built in the United States, and which shall be. ' wholly the property of aii citizen or citizens thereof,^ or i n vessels built 'in foreign countries, and on the 16th day of May last wholly the prop'erty of a citizen or citizens of the United States, and so continuing 'until the time of importation.'' • Approved, July 4, 1789. 76 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. E-^—Continued. 1790, AUGUST 10. .^^ Makingfiurtherprovision fior the payment-ofi the debts ofi the United States.^\ Rates of duty. Articles eriumerated. Wine, Madeifa, Loridon particular . . . do. other .... — . . . . . . . . . . sherry........ ^ ..-.-......, others. ..... '.... -. Spirits, distilled, of more than 10 per cent, below proof. i....., -., - Spirits, distilled, of more than 5 and iiot more than 10 per cent, below proof. ........ Spirits, distilled, of proof and not more than 5 per cent, below proof J . . -., Spirits, distilled, of above proof, but not exceeding 20 per C e n t . . . . . . . . . . .....->. Spirits, distilled, of more than 20" and not more than 40 per cent, above p r o o f . . . - - - . - . . . ' . Spirits, distilled, of more than 40 per cent, above proof—.— . . . . - . . . . - - . . . . . ^ . . . . Molasses- ....----.-.-..--- L Beer, in c a s k s . . . . . - - . - • . . . Ale, in casks .... . -.---.-.. Porter, in c a s k s - , . . - . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . Beer, in bottles. Ale, iri bottles. .. .. . . . . - --.: .. . Porter> in b o t t l e s . . . . . . ; J . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . Teas from China or India in ships or vessels of theUnited States: Bohea:...............\... ..... Souchong. . . . . . - . . , . . . . ; . . . . . . . . ^•.. and other black. ^ . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . Hyson .... .... . and other green . . . . Teas from Europe in ships or vessels of the United States:' B o h e a . . . . .o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .,. j . Souchong . . . . . . fi and other blajck Hyson. ,. and other green Teas from any other place or in any other ships or vessels: Bohea ...'..-..-.. Souchong.............................. 35 cents per gallon. do. 30 do. 25 do. 20 do. 12. 12i 13 do. . ' do. 15 do. 20 do. 25 do. 3 do. 5 do. 5 do. 5 do.. 25 cents per dozen. 25 do. 25. do.. 10 cents per pound. do. .• 18 . ' 18 •- ^ do. 32 do. 20 do. 12 cents per pound. 21 do. ,do. 21 do. 40 24 do. 15 cents per pound. 27 do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 77 E—Continued. Rates of- duty. Articles enumerated. Souchong arid other b l a c k . . •. Hyson, ------ - - --. Hyson and othef green . ' . - . . . . Coffee --.-..---...... Cocoa.. -•. Sugar, loaf.. ^ - — ^..'— . . . . brown. > .. - other kinds"-. - - - . . . - , Candles, tallow wax --..--.-.., spermaceti... .-. Cheese. -. .... .-. Soap .-.- - Pepper.'.-. ------ — - - - Piiriento. ........:, Tobacco, mariufactured- - . . -, Snuff...-..-..,.--...---.. Indigo --....---. Cotton ...---, Nails...-...,..:. ..... Spikes. -Lead,' b a r . . . — - -^.- - other- - . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . Steel, unwrought. - . -; Hemp— ........ Cables. Cordage, tarred. ........... untarred Yarn,vuntarred..... -. - Twine. -.-,-..--.. Packthread- . - • - . . - -. .•- Salt... -....-..-:... M a l t . . -.--•- --..-..--•- Coal.-.--.--.-...-..---.. Shoes, made of leather . . - . - SUppers, made of leather. -"- -. Galoshes, made of leather. - - . Shoes, made of silk or stuff... -Slippers, made of silk or stuff. Cards, wool cotton - . . - . . . . . . - . . , . playing :........ 'Boots I ...... . -•Ware, China. ...--. 1 ... Glasses, l o o l d n g . . . .:„«;. 30 cents per pound. 27 do. 50 do. .4 . -do. do. 1 5 do. do. do. 2- do. 6 do. 6 ' do. • 4 -s do. 2 do. 6 -do. 4.-do. •6 -do. 10 do. 25---do. 3 do.: . 1 , do. do. 1 ' 1 do. . 1 •do. 75 cents per 112 pounds 54 do. . , $1 00 do. • -1-00 -do. . 1 60 do. 1 60 ' do. . 3 00 do. • do. • 3 00 12 cents per bushel. 10 do. - do. 3 7 cents per pan-. 7 do. do; 7 10 , do. ; 10 do. 50 cents per dozen. do. 50 • 10 cents per pack. 50 cents per pair. \ Ad valorem 12 J per cent 1.2J do. do. n n [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 78 E^^Continued. , Articles enum.erated. Rates of duty. Glass window . . . . . . .^^ , Advalorem 12 J per cent. do. . 12f do. other .- . . . . . ^ ......do. 12 J do, manufactures of, except quart bottles.. 10 do. • •do. Marble . . , ...........,............ do. do. S l a t e s ..,.-• •-.,.,.'... 1 . . .•.•.,..... do.Stones and other ..v...". i -do. do, do: Bricks.... ^ . . . ....... . . .'.' do, do: . Tiles. ,..,.. . . . . . : . • . . . . . . . do. do, Marble, tables o f . . ' . , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . ' . . . : do.: do, 'mortars of.. ---.-; do. do, other UtensUs o f . . . . ^.. ,^, ........ do, do, Slate, -tables of.. ... •. .... do. do. • mortars o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... do. do, other utensils of.^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do.: do, Ware, stone.. 1 --- . . . ^....'............ do. do, earthenware^-. w . . . . . . . . . . . . J , . . . . . do. do. Books, blank. ....:..^;............... do.' do. Paper, w r i t i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... do. wrapping ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . ' do. do., do. hangings........ . . • . . . . . . . . . . , ^.. do. do. Pasteboard.......... J... .,.'........ do. do. Parchment . . . . . . . . . . L.... do. do, Yellum.... • .......;.... — do. do, Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V. ....,..: :.. do. do. ' Prints....... .. ........ . Painters' colors, except'those commonly used do. do. in dyeing . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . i . . .. ... do. do. Lampblack do. do. , Ware, gold... . • , - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... do. do. silver.. ..VV'- - - -. - . — . . . . . . ... do. plated....;..-. i . ' do. do. dp. Lace, gold.- - - - . . , . , . . . - . ' . : . . . . . , . . . . . . ' .... do. do. silver....-..,. ......... — '.......... do. do. Jewelry............... ..'.....,..... do. . :.do.: Paste w o r k . . . . . . . . • . . . . : . . . ^ . . . .... do..: do. Clocks................... ..L........;.. do. do; Watches..'-.... ........ .' . do.. • do. Buckles, s h o e . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . do. do, knee ,. do. do. : Cinna,mon. ........ .... do. do, Cloves.... ........... ....."..'.. do. do, Mace......... ..'......'..... ...... • do. do, Nutmegs;... 1 ...... — , .. do. do, . Ginger. .•. ,^ ... . . . . . . J. ... . do. , do. Aniseed". ... 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 79 .E-^^G ontinued. Articles enumerated. Currants. - . . . . -.. . -. D a t e s . . - . . - - - . . - . . . - . -....-.- Rates of duty. .. - . . . . Advalorem 10 per cent. .......... do.. do. ' do.. do. Plums....., -:..,. - . - - . . . . . . do. . do. Prunes.. . . . - . j ^ . . . . . . . . . -,....,..-. -.-. do. do. Raisins . . . . . . . . .> -..- - ^ . . --.. : - ---. • do.. do. Sugar candy --....-...-.... - - do. . \ do. Oranges -•.., . , . . -,. . -....do. , do. Lemons. . - ,.'-..-i,.» . do. . , do. Limes. .^ . , . 1,...... do. \ do. Fruits generally . . - . - . . . . . . . - . . - . . - . - , . . . ' . - - . do. . . do. C o m f i t s . . . . . - - . . . -. ., .^... , do. : ..do. Olives. -- , . . . . . - - -.-..--. - . . do. do.C a p e r s - - . . , . . . . . . ' . . . - . i : . j . . . . - - . -- - do. •do; Pickles.......... -..:. .^............ do. do. O i l . - ,^-. u . ; . .-. . . . - - . . ..^.--. - - ^ . - . ^ ' - - - , do. do. . Gunpowder^.....;::.-. . . . ^ . . . .'•.,.:..... . do. do. Mustard, in flour . . . - . - . . - . - . - . ^. - . . . ^ . - . . ^ do. do. •Cabinet wares . . . . . - . . . . - , - - - - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . 7J .per centl do. Buttons................ . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . ^ do. - . do. Saddles..............w. ....,.....<........ do. do. Gloves, of l e a t h e r . . . . . » . . . . * ^ - . - . . - . . . . . . . . . do. do. Hats, of beaver . . .• .^ ... ^ ^....:. . . . ^ . do. do. felt .--... ...,-..' do. do. wool. - - - . . . . . . . . . . . : .......... do. do. or mixture of either........ . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. v : do. Millinery, ready m a d e . . - - . - - . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . do. do. Iron, castings of. . . . . . . . . . . . , .-.. . . . . . do. . .do. slit. . . . . ...----..-....-............... do. .. do. do. V . ' rolled...--.. i : - . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. Leather, t a n n e d . . . . . - , . - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. . tawed. - . u , -V-. -- " . .. do. do. •. manufactures of. . ........^.•.. ' do. . Canes.. ^ . . . . - ' . . . . . . -..-.-.-,-..^ ...... dOi * do. Walking sticks. - . . ,—..... . .......... do. do. Whips. . . . . - . ; . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^.., do. . do. Clothing, ready m a d e . . - . - , - , - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. .. do. Brushes ....;..... .. .. do. do. Anchors . . - . - - . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . , . . . . . . , . do. do. Wares of t i n . . . . . . . - . . --.... . do. do. pewter . . . ..........,. do. do. .copper........... ._...do. do. . Drugs, medicinal, except those commonly used in dyeing. -'... ......,. ...-.-...., do. do. Carpets and carpeting.. ^ .> .... „. ^ . , . . . . . , . . do. . do. [1845. REPORTS OF THE 80 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Velvets....... .. --.---... - -'. - Ad valorem 7 J per cent. Velverets............ ' ..-. . do. «. _ :.. .do. Satins—. . . -....-.-...--,. - , . do. do. - . do. Silks, wrought..... . ........ - - - - - . ^ - ' ..do. .do... , do. Carnbrics . — , i ^ . : : . - - -.. - ; . . . • . ; . . . . . . . . . . do. Muslins.. . • - . ' . . . . : . . . . . . •',.......,."......... .L:„ , do. do., . . . do. Muslinets . -. i. — , . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . La.wns.. .. ^ . . . . . . i...............,....,... do. . : . : do. do. , . _ do. Laces ... . -. - . - -..-.... . do. Gauzes .. . . . . -.... _ -.... ^ . . . . . . . do.: do. )do. Chintzes . . • . . . - . - . , . . • - . . . . . - - , . . ^ . . . . . . ... do. , do. Calicoes, c o l o r e d . - - . . . - . . - - - . . . . . . . . . , . . • - , do. Nankeens . . . . . - - . . ^. .-..'=.. ......,-. . do. All goodsj wares, and merchandise,.,iniported directly from China or India, in ships or vesr. „do.. . 12J per cent, sels not of the United S t a t e s . . . . . . . . . ... do. .. 15J percent, Coaches. ".. . . ^...,...-.....:.. ..... ^ . . . . do., do. Chariots . . . . . . . - i . , -.....,..,........,.-. do. . . do. i. Phaetons. .--.'.. . '. .. -•..-.. do. . .. do. Chaises. , - . . . . . . . J.............. .-'... do. . . do. Solos. ..-.,. .,....... . . ^ . . . . . - . . . . - do. . Carriages, other, or parts thereof..... . . . . , . . . do. , do. . 5 per cent. Upon all other goods, wares, and merchandise: \ ' " Bullion..'. , . . . . --.-.-.-... -.-.-... - -:. -.-. .Free. :•; do... . Tin, in pigs .^:. — -^. > ..'............ do. ' . plates .. . .........'.....-.- -.....; Pewter, old . . . . . . . : . J . . . , . , - - . . . . : .......J., •do. Brass,-teutenegue.. — ' . ' . . - - v . . . . -:..,-.. -• - . . do. ^ . Wire, iron. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ...\...... -. ... do... , b r a s s , . : . . . ' . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . --.--.' .-... • d o . . ' . Copper, in plates.. ^'..,..-....... . - - , d o . . :. fi ;• Saltpetre . . " . . . . . .fi............... do. ... Plaster of Paris . . . . . . ; . [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. ^ W o o l . . . : . . . . - . . . . . . , , . . . . > . . . . . . . : . . . . : - -.... do..., Woods used in dyeing....,......................... .do. > Drugs do............ .-,..^......., -- . . do. . :'\ . . Hides, r a w - . . — .............,.... .U ....-,.... . do. Skins, do .'. ^ . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^... do. . f i . : . . Furs, undressed.. ...;._..........;.,.:..,...'.. do. : : , . Sea stores of ships or vessels., .. - . . . do., Clothing of emigrants :..;...,.,........,.:... . do. ' Books of emigrants ..•..,... •..... . do. . Household furniture of e r a i g r a i i t s . . . . . . . i - - . do. Tools of.emigrants.- -- - - , . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..do. ;, / Implements of trade or profession of emigrants. .do. .1845.] :81 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. E—^Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Philosophical apparatus, especially imported, for any seminary of learning. . . - - . - . . Free. All goods intended to be reexported in the same ship or vessel in which i m p o r t e d . . . . do. All articles of the growth, product, or manufacture ofthe United States . do.. E—-Continued. • — - 1791, MARCH 3. Repealing xhe duties heretofiore laid upon distilled spirits, and laying others in their stead. Articled enumerated.:. Spirits, distilled, more than 10 per cent, below proof.'. .i..... .'jr............ Spirits, distilled, under 5 and not more. than 10 per cent, below proof. Spirits, distilled, proof arid "not more than 5 per cent, below proof. - . . . : . . . Spirits, distilled, above proof but not exceeding 20 per cent. . .....: I.--.-'...... Sphits, distilled, more tha:ri 20 arid not more than 40 per cent, above proof. . . . . . . . . . . . Spirits, distilled, more than'40 per cent.' above proof........... 1.::.::..-.-...:.. Spirits, 'distilled, within the Uriited States, whoUy or in part from molasses, sugar, or other foreign materials— '' ^More than 10 per cerit. below proof Under 5 and not more than 10 per cent, below proof. Proof and not more than 5 per cent. below proof. Above proof arid not exceedihg 20 per c e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More than 20 arid not more than 40 per cent, above p r o o f s . - - - . . . More than 40 per cent." above proof VOL. v.—6. Rates of duty. 20 cents per gallon. 21 do. 22 do. 25 do. 30 do. 40 do. 11 do. 12 do. 13 dp. 15 do. 20 30 do. do. ' ;- [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 82 E-^Continued. 1792, MAY 2. For raising a fiurther sum ofi money fior the protection ofi the firontiers, and fior Mher purposes. Articles enumerated. "Wines, Madeira, London particular London market other^ Idnds . Sherry . . . .^•.. — Saint L u c a r . . . ...... i Lisbon — Oporto .- - . : . -. - -. Teneriffe Fayal........ .--. all others ., :.---. Spirits, distiUed, fromgrain, 1st class of proof 2d do, 3d do.. do. . 4th 5th dp. . . . . . . 6th do. . - - - - all other 2d do. and under 3d do. . . . -\ . 4th do. . . - . - 5th do...---6th do. . - . . . . Beer.. Ale. -. Porter. Steel.. Nails . . . . . . ..-.--.. Cocoa ..... ^..---... Chocolate ......:... Cards, playing. .----Shoes, of. s i l k . . . — ^. Slippers, of silk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ Shoes fpr men and women, of other materials Shppers, do. do. do Clogs, dp. do. do...'.. Galoshes, do; ; do. do.. Shoes, aU other, for children: Shppers do. . . , . ' - . - - . . . . . . . . . Hemp '. r - Cables..... ....;.. --......:.. )y tarred . . . . . i '.......-. Rates of duty. 56 cents per gallon.. 49 do. 40 do. 33 do. 30 do. 25 do. 25 do. 20 do. 20 do. Ad valorein 40 per cent 28 cents per gallon. do. 29 do. 31 do. 34 do. 40 do. 50 do. 25 do. 28do. 32 do. 38 do. 46 do. ' 8 8 8 dp. do. $1 per cwt. 2 cents per pound. 2 do. '3 do. 25 cents per pack. 20 cerits.per pair.,: 20 . do. 10 do. 10 do. 10 ^ do. 10 do. 5 do. 7 do. 100 cents per 112 lbs. 180 do. 180 do. 1845.] 83 SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. E-"Continuedi. Articles enumerated. Cordage, u n t a r r e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ^ - . . . . . . . Yarn, u n t a r r e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ - . . : . . . . . . . . ,Twine - . - . . - • . : . . . . --. - -Packthread - — —.....'.,..... . . . . . . i Coal...'...-..-......:......... .Salts, g l a u b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . -.-...-•-.... Wares, C h i n a . . . . . . , . - . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glass, Iboking.. I . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . window.:.. . . . - - - - - r - - - - - - - -^ all manufactures of, black quart bottles excepted . . ,.. - Muskets. - - . - - . . . - - - . . . . - .Pistols......,-. --.-.............. Fire-arms, all other --..-.---. --.....Swords ,.-•..."---- - . . . - . ' . . - . . v^'.uclasses..-.-. ----.•.:-•--..-•.. .-•.-.•.-.- .i •.... Hangers-. . . . - ..v—..-.-.'^.-•..-= Side-arriis, all other . . . . . . . . . -..•.-....Starch'..-..--...; •.•--. . 1 . - - - . . . - . . Hairppwder.................... -...-... G l u e . ' . . ; - . . -----^ ..'....-. .^.'.'fi........ LaceS", commonly used by upholster-ers,- coachmak:er:s, and saddlers.--..- J . . . - -..».----.-. LineSi commonly used by upholsterers, coachmakers, and saddlers..------. Fringes, commonly used - by upholsterers, coachmakers, aad Saddlers-.. Tassels, commonly used- by upholsterers. coachmakers, and saddlers..'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trimmings, conimonly used by upholsterers; coachmakers, and s a d d l e r s . - . - - . . . - . . - . - . Paper hangings : i..-.-.-......... .. . Painters' colors, dry or ground in oil.-. .^.. Iron, cast - . . . ---..--.- ---.•.=.----. slit. '-...... - - . . . . . . - - . . - . . . . . . rolled ...---.;..'..-.-...--.... £dl manufactures of, -generally, or of which it is -the article of chief value Steel, aU manufactures of, generally^ or of which it is the article of chief value.. Tin, all manufactures of,,generally, or ofwhich it is the article of chief- value.. . Pewter, all manufactures of, generally, or of which it is the article of chief value. Rates of duty. 225^cents per 112 lbs. 225 do. 400 ddi: 400^ do. 4J cents per bushel. 200 cents per 112 lbs. Ad valoreni 15 per cent. do. do. do. do. do; dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do; do. dp. do. do. do- dol do. do. dOi odo. do. do, dp. do. do. dp. dov do. ' do. do. dp. 10 do. do. do. do. do- do. do, do. do. do* do. [1845. REPORTS OF THE E^Continuedv Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Copper, all manufactures pf,. gerierally, or .of which it is the article of chief v a l u e . . . . Ad valorem 10 per cent Brass, all manufactures. pf, generally, or of which it is the article of; chief value, not, being. otherwise particularly enumerated, brass, and iron wire excepted...^...,........ do. do. do. do. Cabinet w a r e s . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . --.-.-.-.-....-^- -.- -. do. .do. Leather^ tarined- .-.....,,...^...... do. do. , tawed . - . - - . . - , . . . . ^ . ^ . . . . , . . . . , . . . , . , manufactures pf, or. of which it is the , . article of chief value, ^not other-, do. do. wise particularly enurrierated^ . . do. do. Drugs, riiedicinal, except those.used>in dj^eing. do. do. Hats, .of every sort . -....................._. do. dp.^ Caps, . do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ -..... do. dp. Bonnets, do. , ^.,,.. ^... . f i . . . . . . do. do. Gloves . . . . . . . . : . - --^ - - .^_.............^ -do. dp. Mittens -:- :.-.-..-.-.- -.- ->.-.-.-, dp. do. Stockings . .,--,-,->,-..:...-.-,-.-.„-.-..; do. do. Millinery, ready m a d e . . -.--..-.- - . . . . . - -->,-.,-.-.. do. dp.^ Flowers, artificiaL . . . . . . . . ^..;....-..-.. - -....-.-.-. dp.. .Feathers, for women's head-dresses............ do. do.' Ornamerits, do., ' . d o . . . . . . . -.;..,-... do. do. Fans ,._. .u *.^.....;....,............. .,..^^.......... do. do. Dolls, dressed and u n d r e s s e d . . - . - - . . . . . . . . do. dp. Toys.--.-.-..-........-.-.-.,-_.:.-.._..„...: do. do. Buttons, of every k i n d . . - - ..^.'... . . . . . . — do. do. Cai'pets and carpeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -..,.^..... .;. do. do. Mats. . - - . . ; . . . . . . . . . . —.:......do. do. Floor-cloths . . . ^ . . . ;.,............-.--.--.-. :d6. do. Sail cloth ..... i . . : .,- - - - - - - . . . . i i . do. Paper,, sheathing. ^... ,.^. ........ -...... -.-. do. do. do. cartridge - . . -. - -,-.-/..-.-,...„......-„-.-... .dp. Powders, used as. sweet scents,.odors,, per^ •do. db. fumes, or cosnietics... do. do. 4 o . . . .^-.. Pastes, . do. do. do. do Balls, do. do. do. do...... Balsariis, do., do. do. do. . . . ... Ointments, do. do. do. dp.'..,... Oils, do. do. do. do. . . . . ; Waters, do. do. do. do.^ - - -^ > Washes, do. dp. do. do... -.. Tinctures, do. dp. do. do....... Essences, do. do. do. db, . , . , , Preparations, do. 1 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 85 E—Gontinued. ^^ Articles enumerated. Ratesof duty. Compositions used as sweet scents, &G. . . . . . Ad yalorem 10 per cent, do. do;, Powders, dentifrice,'for the teeth.pr g u m s . . . . do. • do. Tinctures^ do. • do. . . . . . . . . . - . . do. • do. Preparations fbr the teeth or gums...... do. do. Compositions, do. \ do........'...... Upon all goods, wares, and merchandise not: above enumerated or d e s c r i b e d . . . . . . ; . . . . Ad valorem 7^ per cent. Copper in p i g s . . . - . . : . - . - - . . . . - - - - . Free, ..,., , ' . ' in b a r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^.- ^ . . . . . . . : . . . • • • • d o . •• •-. Lapis calaminaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - / d o . .... . - •••- . • .-• Wool, unmanufactured. . . . , - - - - . - . . . - . . . . .' .do.. ' ......... W o o d . . . . . . V. : v , . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . ; . . . . . . . . . . ..,do.. . . . . :.:. S u l p h u r . . . . . . - ..,..•-..:.. . . ._ .,. ^ . E^—Continued. '. • .do... . r -— " 1794,-JUNE ^7.. - ^ ... . • ,^ 1 ; • -;,-.• Additional duties on goods, wares, and merchandises imported into the United , \ ."' V S t a t e s . : ' ' - Articles enumerated. Coffee. Sugar, clayed. lump. - . . Cocoa i -. Cheese. Boot§ Shoes, for men or w o m e n . . . — . . . Slippers, do. Clogs, •; d o . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. Galoshes, do;'.............. Shoes, for c h i l d r e n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slippers, do.'..--.. .:.-.-...-.. Goal. - - . . . . . . - - . - ^....... MiUinery, ready r r i a d e . . . . . . . . . . . Flowers, artificial.. ....... Feathers^ for women's head-dresses. Ornamerits, do. do...... Dolls, dressed and u n d r e s s e d . . . . . . Iron, cast ....-.-. . T: . - " ^' '•.••'- • Rates of duty. 5 per.cents pound. ^6 . do. 6: . do.. - . 4 do. 7 . . do. 75 cents per pair./ 15 . do. . 15: do. 15 do. 15 . - do. 10 do. 10 . do. 5 cents per bushel. Advalorem 15 per cent do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 86 E—ConUnued. Articles enumerated. Iron, s l i t . . . , . . . . ......;—..,...,..-;.--....... 1. rolled.. . . . . . - - - - . - . -.., -^ . . - ^ -^ ^, raanufactures of generally.. - . - . . - - . . . . . Steel, do. do. . . - - , . . . . , . , ^ , . . , . . . Tin, do. dp......... , . „ - - . , . . , . . . Pewter, do. dp. ^ . .v,,. . ^ , . - . . . . , Copper, do. . .dp...^.,..,.,.,-.-..^-^^.. - . . Brass, manufactures of generally,, not beirig otherwise particularly enumerated.., - . -_,,,; Locks - - - . . . - . - .,^.^,,,,,.--^ ,.^^.--...-. H i n g e s . . . . . . . - . . , : . . . , - - ^ . . . . -^ - - , . - . . . . Hoes - - --:-.. - -., ^, ^ -, ^.., ,^ - . . - - , Anvils. ..:..:.............. . ^ . . . . . . . Vices -: -..- -.. Carpets and c a r p e t i n g . . , . . .......,^-...^ . Drugs, medicinal, except those commonly used in dyeing.. . . z — — . . . . . ^ ->;-... -. Mats.... ..fi............. Floor cloths . - - . . .^.....,.,...... . Leather, tanned. — ^.1 tawed -.-.-.- -,r - . . -r— -. -- . manufactures of gerierally, or of which it is the article of chief value, not otherwise particularly enumerated Hats of aU sorts. .---.. Caps, : d o . - . . - . . - . ^ ^...-..,.. ^.,,, ...-.-.-....^ Bonnets, do. . . . . . ; . , , . , . . . , . , ^,,.,,., =, Gloves. — - ,;..- - . . . . . . , . - . , . . . . . . - , ^, Mittens.... ^ ..: L . , ^ . , , . , . ^ . . ^ ^ , , , . Stockings — I - . . . . . , . , . , ^^,,,., ^ Fans .; • !-.../...;..., , , ^, , . • - . . . . , B u t t o n s . . . . . . . . . — . .> ^. ^ ^ . , , , . , .... ^ Buckles........ - . - . . , - • - . . , . - - ^ . , . , . . . . . \ . , , , . , Paper, sheathing. . - ^ - , . . , . . . . . - , . . , . -. .„,._ -.,. cartridge- . . . . . . . ' . , . . ^ / , , , . . . . . , , . . . . Powders, used as sweet. scents, pdprs, pei'r fumes, or cosmetics.> . . . . , . . . . . , , - , , / . , . ^ Pastes, do. . d p . . . . , --r .^ ^ ,Balls, do* . . ; , . do.; , . , - - . - , . . . Balsams . do. „,_ . do,-.........,,.. Ointments, , do. dp.... ^ . , : - . . . Oils, do. . . . dp,..,, ^.. 1 ^ Waters, do. do...,.,,... Washes, do. d o . . . , . . . , ,^ liates of duty. ^aiprem 15 per cent. do.. do. do. , do. do. do. do. "dp,. dp. do.. do. do. do. dp do. do. do. do. do. ; : do. 10 .per cent do. do. : do. do. 15 per cent. do. do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ^ dOo do. do. do. 4o. . do. do.. dp. do. do. do. do.; : do, do.. dp. ; do. ':>. dp. do. ,. do. : : do. , do. do. doo dp. dp. do. do. do. : do.' ^ do. do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do, , > :^ : : 1845;] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 87 E—Continued; Articles enumerated. Tinctures, used as sweet scents, odors, &c. Essences, do. . do. Preparations, do. do. Compositions, do. . do.. — .. Powders, dentifrice, for the teeth or gums . Preparations, do. do.-..-.. Wares, gold . silver .... . . p l a t e d . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . - -. Lace, gold . . ^ . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . .;.. - - — silver -.. .......... Jewelry. . .. -^...... — . Paste work. .,...,........... — Clocks, and parts thereof.. , . Watches, do.... . .-. Cinnamon... Cloves, u.. . . ........... .. Mace.;. .^ ...,...-..Nutmegs i .-..-. .t . .— . Ginger ; . . . . . . . . . Aniseed...-.-;---..,.. ..«...... Currants. Dates . - ......... Prunes•'.... ... Raisins -?-. -.. Candy, sugar Oranges .:- ................ Lemons . . . . . . . . — '... S. Limes................ ... .... Fruits .generally, a l l . . . . . . . ....... Comfits, do......... , Olives. - - . . . . . --......-.. Gape Pickles Oil Mustard, in flour Marble Slate Stone of other kinds . . Bricks. - -- -- -Tile .-:...-..-Tables of stone Mortars, d o . . . . Glass, on all generally window . - = - . Rates of duty. Ad valorem 15 per. cent. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. . do. . do. do. do.. . do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do- .do. - .do. do. do. do. do. •do. do. do. do.. do. do. do. do. .-•do. . do. ' do. do. do. , -do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 20 per cent. 15 per cent. 88" [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E E—^.Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Ware, s t o n e . . . . . . ' . . 1 . . . Ad valorem 15 per cent, earthen , . do. do. Cabinet waxes . do.. do. Wood, manufactures of^ or of •w:hich.it is the material of chief value: ...... . do, 1 2 i per cent. Cotton, manufactures of, -or of -which it is the material of chief value, being printed, staiur ed, or colored . . . ... . do, do, Linen, do. . .. do... do. do, Cotton or linen, do. .. do... do, . do. . Muslins, do. .. do.. do. do, Carriages, or parts thereof do. 20 per cent. Saddles. •. do. 10 per cent, do, Iron, castings o f . . . . . . . . . . . ........— do. do, Canes... ..;...... ......... do, :db, . . do, . Walking sticks ..:...... .do,, do. Whips,.. . do. Clothing,,ready m a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do,. do, Brushes . . .\ do, do,, Anchors ... do, do., Velvets. — . . do, do. do, Velverets - • • - - - -- •• -'-. do, do, . Siatins . . . .—. — do, do, SUli, wrought ;..,,.,.... ^w .i... do, IS^percent; Cambrics, cotton goods.. ,..: do, do, Muslins.. do, do, MusUnets ...,.....'.,....... do, Lawns i ..... . do, . do, Laces do, Gauzes . . . . . . . . . . ; ..... do, do, Chintzes ..,,,.,.,. .. do. ' do, Calicoes, colored . . . . . . . . . . . . \ ..,.,. i . . do, do. Nankeens . . . do. do. Upon all goods, wares, arid mei'chandise not above enumerated or d e s c r i b e d . . . . . . . . . . ' , do, lOpercent, 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 891 E^—Continued. j 1795, JANUARY 29.—-Supplementary to the several acts imposing duties on goods, wares, and meixhandise. Articles enumerated. Types, printing . ,..--. . Girandoles . , . . . . . . - - - . - . - -..-- Sugars, white, clayed, or p o w d e r e d . . . all other, clayed, or powdered Wine, Malaga . Burgundy - Champagne.... • .......... Teas, i n i p e r i a l . . . . . gunpowder or gomi. Rates of duty. Ad valprem 10 per cent. ; do. 2a . do. 3 cents per pound. 1J cent perpound. r20 cents per gallori. 40 . do. 40 do. ' 32 cents per pound. 40 do. ^0 > do. 32 do. 40 do. 50 do. ^ ' E—^Continued. 1797, MARCH S.-^-^Additional duties on certain articles. Articles enumerated.' . R,ates of duty. Sugar, b r o w n . . . . . . . . . L . . 2 cents'per pound. -12 ^ ' do. Tea, bohea -< 14 do. 17 3o. Molasses- — - - - - , : - - - - - --.- -• - - 4 cents' per gallon. Velvets, whether printed, stained, colored, or otherwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 15 per cent. dp. do. Velverets, do. do. do..... do. ' dp. . Muslins, not printed, stained, or c o l o r e d . . . . . do. do. Muslinets, ' do. do. do. . . . . . . . do. do. Cottori goods, do. do.. do. . . . . . . . 9 cents per pound. •Sugar candy ... Cocoa 2 do. . 1 Balance same as tariff of 1795. E—Continued. 1797, JULY 8.^—Additional duty on salt.^ Article enumerated. Salt. . Rate of duty. 20 cents per bushel. [1845. REPORTS OF THE 90 E—Gontinued, 180P, MAT 13. ' " Articles enunierated. Rates of duty. ' Su^ar, b r o w n — . . . . . . . : . . . : . . . . -...-... . . ' . 2J cents per pound. do.^ Candy, sugar.'. v . : . . - .*..:.-...: -. H i Molasses.. . . . . . . . . . . - . : . . : . - - : . . . . . . . . . . 5 cents per gallon. All previous duties on wines abolished, and the following substituted : • — • • • • - Wines, Malmsey, in -casksj botttesj or- other • vessels... : . . - . . . . . - . . . - . . : . . . . ^ 58 cents per gallon. do. do. Madeira, do.,/ do do; do. London particular - d o . . . . . 50 cents . do. all other, do 45 cents db. Burgundy, do. / do. do. ' do. Champagne, do. . ^ - -^ do..... do. do. Rhenish, dp. '• do..... do. . do. Tokay, do. do..... St. Lucar, do. / d o . . . . . 40 cents do. do. do. Sherry, dp. . ^ . do..'... Claret, in bottles and c a s e s . . . . . . 35 cents do. \ other, not enumerated do.—^ do. do. Lisboni do. do 30 cents do. ^ do. do. Oporto, do. d o . . .V. Portugal, other . . . . . . do..... do. do. Teneriffe, do. . do 28 cents do. do; do. Fayal, do. • - do..... Malaga, do. do..... do.. do. do. do. St.- George, do. do..:.. do. do. Western Islands, other >do:.... all other, imported otherwise than in casks, bottles, or -other v e s s e l s . . . . . . 23 cents do. • Types, printirig . i....... " . . . . Ad valoreni.l2 J per cent. Locks . . . . . . . . . . .,.......-.... do. do. Hinges . . . . . , - -'-:--.::.'.. ; do. do. • Hoes . . . . --.. ..:::... J....... . do. . do. Anvils. . . . . . .' ; . ; , . : . . . . . : - - - . - .. do. do. Vices : . .-. : . . . . . . . . ' . . .-•.„,...-. do. *. . do. Marble, other utensils of, not enumerated. do. do. ' Slate do. do do. do. Books, blank. - .---.--.--.-do. do. Paper, writing. . . : : _ . . . : . . . . . . .:..•.. -, do. do. wrapping . -- . do. ' do. hangings.. ........ . ....'. do. do. Pasteboard . do. 'do. Parchment , . . . . „ do. . do. . Vellum - - . . . . . . - . . . ...---.. do. do. . . . . . . . • - • - . . 1845,]; S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 91 E—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Ad valorem 12 J per cent. .. do. do. ^ --.-...... do. do. .' do. do. ...--..---.-.---..-----...,.. / do.do. X i m i i o . - - - - - . . - . ^ - - . - ..•.-.-.-.•-'........--.-.-.•..!. do.. do. Gunpowder - . . - . . - --:., ^ -.. : do. do: Saddles --... ^ - ^ . . . . . -. -.. do. do. ; Canes - . -1 - . . - - . - - . . . . . . . . do. . do. Walldng sticks .--;.---- — .• do. Whips. ..;....-. . do. do. Clothing, ready made .. .... do.' do. Anchors - - . .-.--- - -.. -.. Ao.. Satins'- - ^ - -.-^ -, . -.. do. Ao. Silk, wrought.:..:.- - . . : - - , . - . . do. do. Brushes -•...........'......... do. do. Upon all other goods, wares, and merchandise, paying a duty of ten per ceiit. in the act of 29th Januaiy, 1795, and .not therein enur merated . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...... do. do. Pictures Prints Larnpblack Figs. - -. - E—Continued, 1804, MARCH 26. Further to protect the commerce and seamen ofi. the United States against the Barjyaiy Powers. . . . Articles enumerated; Additional duty of 2J per cent, ad valorem, in addition to the duties now imposed by law, upon all goods ,paying an ad valorem. duty. . ' . . . . fi . . . . . . Continued.in force until 3d March, 1815. Rates of duty. [1845; R E P O R T S OF T H E 92 E—Continued. 1804, MARCH ^V,' Imposing more specific duties. Rates of duty.. Articles enumerated. Rags, of linen ...-- -.- - . . . . . . . . . -. cotton . - - ---..,..,. woolen . - . . . . . . - , - - . - • . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . ....^ hempen c l o t h . . . . . . . . . . . ...... Bristles of swine . . - - - . . ...-.---. Antimony, regulus of.. - 1 . ........... Clay, unwrought . .'•- - - - - - . . . . . i . - Burr stones— - - . / - .... . . ^... — Cork .tree, bark of.. . — . . . . . . -. - . -..., - - - . Fish, foreign caught, dried............ - . . -. . pickled,.as follows: , salmon.--'-.-v-->,-.. rnackerel - - - - - - . . . . all o.ther . . . . . . . Cables .. .f.... -...... . , - . . . . . ..^ Cordage, tarred . Lead, white. - - . — . . — red -. Almonds .-.......... Currants... ^ Prunes ..--...... Plums . . . . - . . . - . . - - - . . . . - --.>-.... Figs . . . y . Raisins, in jars and boxes ............. Muscatel......": ....'.. ... all other k i n d ^ . . . . .. ...... Tallow ......... --.-...::......'... Yellow, ochre, in oil. Anchors Iron, sheet Spanish b r P w n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Yellow ochre, dry .......^ Iron, s h t . . . .^ - . ^ . . .-•.:• hoop . . . . ; - . . . -^ Starch.,.. ; -;Powder, hair Ghie Seines .., Pewter plates dishes . - . -. Cordage, untarred. ^ Free.* . do. do.. .: . „. .: : ; „ ' . do., r ; ;d0. .do.: do. , . do. do. - -. .50 cents per quintal. 100 cents per barrel. 60 do.: 40 vdo. 2 cents, per pound. do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 2 do. 2 do. 2 do. do. li do. li do. li do. li do. li do. 1 do. 1 do. 1 do. 1 do. 3 do. 4 do. 4 do. 4 do. 4 do. 4 do. 2i 1845.] 93 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. E—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Quicksilver Cassia, Chiriese Gunpowder Cinnamon ...-. - -.. —^ .. -. ....-....-., - Cloves.,. . Mace. . -..:-. ........ ...•:... Nutmegs . . . --^ Glass, black quart bottles. . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . window, on all not above 8 by IQ inches. not above 10 by 12 i n c h e s . . . . on all abpve 10 by 12 inches.. Cigars.....Shoes, kid- - . . . - - . liiorocco Lime, foreign, per cask containing 60 gallons. Wine, Sicily. --..-.. E—Contiriued. 6 cents per pound. do. 4 do. 4 do. 20 do. 20 12.5 . do. do. 50 60 cents per gross, 160 cents per 100 sq. ft. do. 175 do. 22520O .cents per thousand, 15 cents per pair. do. 15 50 cents per cask, 30 cents per gallon. • 1812, J u L Y l . ' ^ ^ Imposing additional duties upon all goods, wares, and merchandise. R;ate.of duty. . . . Articles enumerated. Additidnal duty of 100 per cent; upon the_pefmarient duties now imposed by law. ; E—Continued. 1813, J U L Y 29. ' Laying d diity on imported salt. .. .Article enumerated. . ^ Rate of duty. Salt, 56 lbs. coniputed to be one b u s h e l . . . . . . 20 cents per bushel. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 94, E—Continued. , 1816, FEBRUARY 5. Continuing in fierce act ofi July 1, 1812. Articles enumerated.' Rates of duty. Double duties imppsed by the act passed 1st July, 1812, continued until June 30, 1817. Additional duty.- until a new tariff of duties shall be levied by law,' after June 30,1817. This never went^ into ^ operation, the act of April 27,. 1816,,'" to regulate the duties on imports and tonnage" being passed. I I E—Continued. 1816, A P R I L 27. To regulate' the duties on imports and tonnage. Articles enumerated. Drugs, dyeing, and materials for composing dyes not subject to other rates of duty Gum Arabic .:..... Senegal. .......— -.-...-.-. Saltpetre ......' •Jewelry L . -.. Watches, gold, or parts thereof. . silver, do. do. . . . . . . ... Lace, gold'.. ^ silver. i............:....-: Embroidery ^-.-.,... •Epaulets L .... ..... Stones, precious^ set pr not s e t . . . . . . . . ,. Pearls, do. j : ......... Stones, Bristol or paste w o r k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold, aU articles composed wholly or chiefly of Silver, do. : . L-do. Pearl, do. \ . do. Stones, precious, do. ' • do.Laces of thread J. Rates of duty. i^alore m 7 J do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. per < do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. dodo. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1845,] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 95 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Lace veils of thread. - - . , - . . - . ...... Lace shawls do ,.;..•...-....... Lace shades do. . . . . . : . . ; . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . Laces of silk ......... ". Lace veils of silk. ; .--.--...... Lace shawls do -----.. Lace, shades do .-..-.... Leaf, gold.. - , - -Articles, all, not free and not subject to any other rate of duty ... --..:.. -. Cloth, hempen or sail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.. Stockings, of wool .,.. - . of cotton . . . . . . . -... , . . -. Printing types . : .......... Brass, manufactures of.... -..— : . . . . . . . . . -.. ;Copper, do. ...........-.--.-....... Iron, do. - . . . . - . - - . — ,...-.-... Steel, do. ........... ... Pewter, do. . 1 . . .^....;... ^.-.--.-.-... -.. Lead^ do. . .. . . . . . - . - -, -..-. Tin, do. ................... .... Wire, b r a s s . . . . . .j ......... ......... Cudery ..... ...-............ Pins'. ... ........................ Needles .-... ....-...-.-....., ,^.: Buttons-.;.........:... ....,.-.-Button m o u l d s . . . . . . . .= ,.... .... .' Buckles of all k i n d s . . . . . . -... ...... - _ Wares, gilt '..-.. . -... .... plated , - -...... -.- - . . japanned ..... . Cannon ..... ................... Muskets ....... .. ..... Arms, fire ......-,. ...1.......... side .^.....--.....-.....--. Prussian b l u e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . -.... Ware, China ,, . earthen . . -.. . ^ stone-^ ----..--.. porcelain . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . - . _ . . . . . . . . . . Glass, manufactures of..--.-.-...-.. ..... , Woolen, manufactures of, or of which wool is the material of chief value.. ....... (a) Cotton, manufactures of,- or of which.cotton / i s the material pf chief value - - - - Ratesof duty. valore m 71 per cent do. do. do. do. do. _ do. do. do. do. do. do. . do. do. . 15 do. do,. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.;, do. do. do. do. . do. do. do. do.. do.'. do. do. do. do,. do. do. do. . do. do.. - do. 20 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.. do. do. . do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. • do. do. do»25 and20pr.ct do.. do. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 196 Err—Continued, Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. (b) Cotton twist, yarn, oij thread.. ............ (Minimum features introduced.). Cotton, cloth, costing less than 25'cents per. yard,, shall,.. with certain additions, be taken .and„deemed, to have cost 25 cents per.y ar.d,.and. pay a duty. thereon of 25 and 20 per. cent. ad. valorem. .. ICotton, unbleached and uncolored,.twist,, yarn,. j or thread, less than 60 .cents,, taken ,at. 60 j cents; bfeached and (::;olored twist, yarn, or j thread, less than 75 cents, .taken,at 75 cents:.. jUmbrellas, of whatever riiaterial. ....... Parasols, . do. ..-,..-.-..—........,.„..-.--. Sticks, for umbrellas or parasols -,-.-^......,.... Frames, do. . . dp. .-...^.,......,..:-........ Bonnets, fbr w o m e n . . . , ... ................... paps, do........... ...,-..... F a n a . . ' . . . . . . . - . . . . .^.,.......... ..„..,.,..,......... Feathers = . . : . . . . , ^.............,.,.;..................... prnaments for head dresses.. ,.......... -,-.......-. Flowers, artificial.... .,...^.............-„.....,.... iMilhnery, of all s o r t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... Hats, of wool . . . . . . . . . . . . - -.................. Ad val, 25 and 20 pr. ct. I leather........................... . .. i .:' chip ..,....-.(.-........,... .-...-..., I straw.. • ^...........-„.... i i • silk...,. ;i-..........--.-.. ...-Caps, of w o o l . . . : . . . . . . . . . -- - . - -, i fiir .....'-... .,. ............. i leather.... ,................. . . . „ . . . , . . . ...„ straw.. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... osmetics^ - - -... ^?.. ..i- - .^. Vashes .---.. . i . . . . . . -.,....,.... balsams „,.........,......,..,, erfumes .J,^ . , . , . . yioths, painted floor . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . . . . , . , [fats, of grass.- - -^--.. .. - j ., flags..,., ; . . ...^ ^-„.,....,.........-i|)il, salad . . - , . , . . . . . . . - , fickles .\_.... ....... [apers . . . . . . ' . . , . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . ^ . ..[Hves. LUbbCtl-Cl .. . . . . . . •^.". . ^ i " . i ^ . . . . : ' . . . . : - . .Q. . . . . a s a A . a • . • . . . . . . • . * . . . ' a . Advalorem 30 pr, cent, . . do. , do, .do. . do, . .do.. do, • do. do. do. do. ; do. do, do. . do, , do. do. do. do. . > do. • '' ' . do. . . . . . do... . do, . , do. do. .. do.. . .do. do..... ...do. . . do. . . . do.. do. . do. •do. - do. do. .. do. . do. ._ do. do. do. do, do .do. ..do, . do. .do. .. do. do.. . do. do.,., do. . . do. . do. . ...do. do. do, do, . do,. d'o, : do, do, do, do, do. do, do. do. do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. •97 E—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated^ Comfits, prpserved in sugar or brandy , Sweetmeats, do. ; do. ... Wafers . J ^.. .. — ^ .Wares, cabinet . -... Wood, manufactures of.. . Carriages, and parts thereof . Leather- - - - - . . . — . . L ....... Leather, manufactures of. ,— . Saddles « Bridles ... ... -.-..i.-... Harness •.. . . . . . -... Paper, of every description.. ....... Pasteboard . ........,.... Paper-hangings . . . . . . . .,... . Books, blank.. ,....... Parchment . . . - . ; . . . . Vellum ..'. i . . . ...... Brushes . . . ^ — ...... vycLllCo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ - . . . . . . . . Walking s t i c k s . . . . . . : . . . , . . . . . Whips . - .• . . . . . . -. Clothing, ready-made . . J Ale, in bottles . . . . . -• ..J Beer, do. . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . Porter, do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Ale, otherwise than in bottles ..... Beer, . do. do. . . . . . - . - , . , Porter, do. . do. . . . ........, Alum... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — .^..^.. A l m o n d s . . . . . . . ^. . . . . i -........., Glass bottles; black, quart .... ...,. Boots ... . ---......... Bristles.-.- -. .................... Cards, playing.. .-..-..-. Cables, tarred - - . . . . . . ..: 1 ., Cordage, tarred . . untarred. Yarns . . . - - . . .. Twine .. Packthread,'. , Seines . . - . . . . .. Candles, tallow . ^... .......... wax. ... spermaceti ^Cassia, Chinese VOL. V.—?• valore m 30 pr, c do. . do. do.. do. do. do. do.. do. do,. do. do. . do.' do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. . . . ,do. .do. .. do. do.. .. do. do. do. do.. do. do. do. 15 cents per gallon. 15 do. 15 do. 10 do. 10 do. ^ 16 do. 100 cents per cwt. 3 cerits per pound. 144 cents'per grosSi 150 cents per pair. 3. cents per pound. 30 cents per pack. 3 cents per pound. do. 3 do. 4 do. 4. do. 4 do. 4 do. .4v do. 3 do. 6 do. 6 do. 6 [1845. REPORTS OF T H E 98 .'• • E—.^Cohtinued. Rates of duty. Articles entimerated. Cinniamon.. .. Cloves....... Cheese.--.... Chocolate . . -. C o c o a - : . - - -. Coal V . . . . . . Cppperas . Copper rods . . Copper.bolts., • nails.---.i-:--1...........-^ ... 'Coniposition rods. • — - . i . ^ . . - . . . . . . . . - - . . . ; . ,v bolts^.----..i.....-...-.........!. spikes . . - - J . . - . - . . - . . - . - . - , . . - . -.. nails : . . . . J - . - . . . - • . . - . - . 1 - . . Coffee. - . . - - -., ii.^- - - - , j . . - . - . . . - - . . . - . . . . - . . . . C o t t o n . . . . . . . . . . - • - . . . . . — ^ . . . -.--,--. -. - C u r r a n t s i . . . . . . i . . . . . ^- - . - - . - - . - . . . . -,--.-.-.^ Figs. ^•-.-..- - -.- - -. - -'- --1. .-. ...'.-.-.;..-^- ............^ Fish, fbreign c a u g h t . . . - . . . . . . . > - . . . ! . . . . . -, mackerel- - - . . - . . . - : - - . > - . . . . . . > - ---^...: salnion . . . . - i . . .Jf...-.-,-.-......--.'....-..; all other pickled. - . - • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . felass, window, not alDbve 8 by 10 i n c h e s . . . . . do^ ...10 by 12.: do..-^....above 10 by 12 i n c h e s . . . . _$lue . . . . . . . : . - . . . . . . . . . -•-•;-•-.... . . . . . . . ' . •. Gunpow;der;.. . . X. --;i - - - - - -^ -.- -- ' l l e m p . . . . - . : : . - . . . . . .•.:-'^ >•...'. . • . . . : . . • . . . . . . . . . . Wire,- steeV not exceeding No. 1 8 . . . . - . , . . . . . •. -over. No^:i8 .?.., ..^J.......:..-...^. .-.... iron,'not exceeding JNo. 1 8 . . . . -.-.. •• • •'ov^rNOi'^lB-. .^Lu ..J._ .. .-'... lron,vih bars -or bolts, excep ting iron rnanuafac- tured by rolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in sheets . . . . . - . . . .^.. . —............ in r o d s . . . . . 1.--..-. 1 ^ . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in bars, or bolts, wben manufactured, by. roHing . ' . . . . . . . - . ............. Anchors . . . . . . . - - . . . , . . -.-... ^ . . - - . : . . . . Ihdigo........-..... — Lead, in pigs .... . in bars •.. . . . .^. ...... in shteets . ^ . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ « „ , . . . . . 25 cents per pound. 25^ : do. ; .9. do. 3 do. ; 2 do. • : :• 5^ c.pr .heaped :bush. 100 cents per cwt. 4 cents per ^ppund. 4 do. . 4 ..: do. . 4 : do. , ; 4 do.: 4 do. . :4': ;.. .:do.:'"' 4 . . do. ' : 5 . -.do. .3 , . do,. :3 : , •: d o . . - , :--.•' 3 .do. / $1 per quiritai. $1 50 per barrel. ! ;$2- : -..do. '$1-..••.• •• d o . \ $2 50.per 100 square ft. • • $ 2 7 5 : ' ^ : •••• m-W-fi: ^ d o ; •". : do. 5 cents per poiind. 8 . do. f l 5 0 per cwt. 5 cents per pound. ' • 9 do. 5 . - do. •9 : .do. "v 45 $2 |2 $2 cents per 100 lbs'. 50 do. • 50 do. ~ 50 -do. $.1 50 . $ 1 5b..' do. . . d o . - . : •.,••:•. 15 cents per pound. -1 cent per pound. 1 -do. • 1 >:do.- ,';. ^ SECRETARY OF T U E TREASURY. I645.J 99 E^-^G^titiriuedv -Rat'es of duty. Articles enumerated. Shot, rnariufactured of l e a d . . . . - ' . ; u. - - ^...-.- . 2 cents per pound. V do. Lead, red, d r y . . :.J.c-^i^.^.;-^--^-.:^.: 3 ' grbund in bill ^;i^w :v vT ^^ - ^ ^ i w^ - ^ 3^ -. do. . do. white, dryX X . -... |. - - - - i .i--'V ^ i ^.j: .^ r ^ ^ 3J do.^ ground in oil .^ > - - . ^ - ^ . . i . - - - - 3 -$1'^ • • • • • d o . ^ - " •; ' • Molasses . . ^^.i. ^v;- fi-.-.. ^•r.^^^^-^'c^:-^-.^--. ^ 5 cents per gallon. Kails . . .'-•. - :•-. -.. j.-^.^w-.-v. ^^ ^^-^^^ ^, 3-cents -per :doC • N u t m e g s . . v^.. . . - - . .• .-.•l.-^ ^ v - - - ^ ^ ^^ .r .r X^- J ^ SB do. P e p p e r . - . - - ; ^ . . . . . -::: .-^^.-V.-.;:.;---= - - ^ . i 8 Pimento . - - - - . . - . . - - - -6^ V do; Plumbs i -':•.-',. .:v w . - - . . ' . . ^ = - ^ ^ ^ j ^ . r - - ^ - . - ^ ^ . ^ 3 do. • . P r u n e s ... . j - i . . . . . . : . . . r - ^ . ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ r ; . - : c > ^ :: 3 do; Raisins, muscatel.. ...•.\. ^-----.?^. .^.^.v. .^v. .;^ 3 do; injarL-..-j.-^^ j ^^ . .r.^. .-.^.^rj^.i^ 3^ ^ do.:: do;' in boles ...--•-.i.;^-^.:^-vv.;-^^^^^.r 3 : do. all # t h e r . . . - V i . :>• .^-.-i.-^..; ^.;. ^- .^ ^.- 2« Salt, 56 lbs.> . - - — - - - - - - i--^,- i>- - - - - - - 20' cerits per bushel. Ochre, d r y . . . . . . . . - - .:>. .^i- . . . - : -v. i . . - . 1/cerit.per in oil ......i... - . - - . . . - . . . . If ' do. S t e e l - - . - - . . . i--. ,-.- - . .„.^-..- .f-•-/X—— .r-.-^.r^f ^X^'^' $ 1 per cwt. - . ^ e g a r S . . . . .^.. . J-. . . ^ ' - - . ^ r . ' ^ ^ ^ : ^ - . r j . ^ . v ^ . r j ^ j 2 50-p^r 1000 Spirits, from, grain, 1st proof.'.- -.;..-.-.- -^ - i.-. - 42 cents per ' ' " do. ^ M ; ;doi .^ - - - . ^ ^ ^ - . r - ^ c 45 do. 3d: do; - ^ - - . . . . . . .: ^^^ 4 8 do; . : 4th do. .-..-.^.^crcri. 52 do. 5th do. . . ; . . ; - . - ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ 60 do; above 5th- proof. j . -.-: j .- 75 frorri other materials-than grain, 1st db^ and 2d proof.... i . - . - , . . . : . . . - . - -.-.- -.- 38 ' do. .M d o : f i . z z ^ - • , , , , - , — i ^ 42 -do,: .. 4 t h d 6 . . - - r j : : v v j ^ i - . - > ^ ^ . r ^ j ^ 48. dpi 5th do..j-- — -.--.. .^.r.-^.-.-.- 57. do.' a b 0 V e ' 5 t h d o . - :! - ^^^.-.r.^-.^.r.r.^v.r.---- 70 S h o e s , o f s i l k . - - . : . - ..-. . . ^ . ^ ^ j - ^ .^-.rj^.;:.r- -^ --^ 30 cents per pair. do. •:S l i p p e r s , ^Of Silkl . .i . . . . . ^ ;^;: z^ .'.- J J J J - - - - - . 3 0 Shoes, leather. . • . . . . . . \ ' . : . .^.•.-.-.-,-'.--- - . . . . ^25.. •-' m . - '• - do. " Slippers, do.. - -.- -...-.-. .^^ .-.-.-• _--•. .-.• ^ ^ - 25 do. Shoes, ehildreh's^. - . . - 1 . -^'^^^.^-•---.r:^-.-'...- 15 Shppers, d o . . . .-..-.-.-.-.-.-.-...-.-.-.•..-...-." 15 - ^ d o ; Spikes . / . r - - . . - \ ^ . - - - . . : . . ' 2 cerits pe'r pound. do; ; fooap......'...... . -«..----.'.,."..'.- -' -• - -'-,"..' w 3 ' Sugar, brown - - . . . . - . . . . . . - , -..;. - . . .- 3 -do. •• white, clayed, or p o w d e r e d . , . - . , . . J , . • 4,:. .do. • • W do. ' Ali-llxLy . • a n a m « » o a n ' « j a « o o ' a ' a ' - a «a" «' a •<a' a"^..)"o' a J- »" REPORTS OF T H E 100 [1845, E—Continued. Articles ehumerated. Sugar, loaf :.,.,--,-..... --.... Candy, sugar Snuff ...;..._.-..,..;...:... Tallow .- . . . . . . . . > . . . . - - - - - . . . ... Tea, frorn China, in ships or vessels of the United States, yiz: Bohea.-—..-.1.................. Souchong - --...-.L - . - - . . - - . ^ - -.... other black ...... -...--:... Imperial. — . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . Teas, from China, &c.: , . Gunpowder . . . . . . - . . - - - . . . . . . - - - . . Gomee . -..--..,......... ^..... Hyson . . . - . - . . . . . . - . , - - - . . - -,-. ^ Young hyson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . Hyson skin . - - , - . . . . - . . . . . - -. other green - . . - . - , . ^- - -,-,-,---, - vTeas, from any other place, or iri any other than ships pr vessels of the United States, viz: .' Bohea. .....-;. --........... Souchorig-.......1.... -. - . . . . . . . . . . other b l a c k . . -i--............ - Imperial . . . I . . . : . . . . -...--. -. Gunpowder .. I . - - . . - . . - -... . Gomee...... .---..- - - - - -. Hyson. ,.—:.--4.- . . . • ' . . . . . . . . . . . . - . Young hyson . . . . . . . . . ----. Hyson s l d n . . . fi .• ... . - -.. other green . . . . . . : i . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . Tobacco, manufactured J. - . - . - - . - , . . . . . , . Whiting . ,. --..-..---Paris w h i t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - - . . . - - - - - Wine, Madeira . . . . . . - - i : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B u r g u n d y . . -- .:..L - -- ^ - . . . . . . . . . . . Chanipagne ..; i-.. - - . . . . . - . . . ; . . . Rhenish. - . . . - --^.,.. -. -. -.,. Tokay...........-,-.............. Sherry . . . . . - i--,- - -.. - . ..-„- ---.... St. Lucar - - - i -. - -,-. -.- -.-.-..- -,-.- -. - -. others not enurnerated, when iinported in bottles or cases ......,...... Wines, L i s b o n . . . . . . . ; - i > . . : . . . . . . _ . . . ....... Oporto.. . J.;. •> • . .^ . . . . V , . . . Rates of duty. 12 cents per pounds 12 do. 12 ' -do. 1 cent per pourid. 12 cents 25. 25 50,._ 50 cents per pound. 50 do. 40 do. 40 ^ do. 28 do. 28 do. 14 do. 34 do. 34 do. 68 do. 68 do. 68 do. 56 do. 5& do. 38 do. 38 do. 10; do. 1 cent per pound. 1 do. $1 per gallon. ^ $1 do. , $1 do. $1 do. .$1 do60 cents per gallon. 60 do. 70 50 50 odier, of PortugaJj ^,. o,...,,,, ^,^.«^„.,. 50 per pound. do, do. do, do; do. do. do. 1845.3 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. . ' 101 E—Continued. -Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 cents per gallon. . do. . . . . . . . . . . i . 40 do. • F a y a l . ....'-•.......•.•-.,-.•,'-;-..^.'---'.-.-.' 40 do. other, of Western Islands . . . . . . . . . . •40 on all others, when imported otherdo. wise than in cases and bottles....-. 25 i)uck, Russia, not exceeding 52 archems each $1 25 per piece. piece ... - ^.... do. d o . . . $2 50 Holland, do. do. 25 cents per gallon. Oil, spermaceti, of foreign fishing 15 do. whale, do. dp... 15 do. other fish, do. do... 25 do. Oil, oHve, in c a s k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 15 percent.) Woolen, manufactures ;of—blankets. do. do. do. do. worstedgoods..do. do. stuff g o o d s . - - - i r Wines, Sicily Teneriffe . ,A11 articles imported for the use of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - . . . Free, do. Philosophical ,apparatus . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . do. Instruments . . . . . . . . .. ^ •... Books -.. - - . . . - . . . . . - . - . - - . . . .^.. do. Maps... ..... . . - ^ . . . . . . . ^ ^. w . . . . - , do. do. Charts,. .. do. Statues '. do. Busts ......--....... do. Casts. - . . . - - . -. . . . . . . - - - - . . . . . . Paintings . . do; Drawings......... -.. . . . . . - - . . . - - . . . do. do. Engravings ^ : do. ^Sculpture, specimens of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^Coins, cabinets of. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . do. do. Gems, do. . . . ' . . . . . --;.-'..... .... do. Medals, do.. ...... -...-.-.. Antiquities, collectipn of. ^ ^ . . . . . . . . / . i . - . . do. do. Statuary - - - --.,.. ...... ^ ---..... do. Mpdellirig . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Painting . . . . . . ..;.. ..,-. - - . do. Drawing.- - - . . . . . . . . . . . • • . - . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . do. Etching..-......-.. '....-...-......'. JEngraving - — . , . . . . . . . . . , ^ . . . . .•.^.. do. [Specially imported by order and for the use of any society iricorpPrated for philosophical and literary purppses,;or for the encourage REPORTS OF THE 102 {184^ E—.Continued. Rates of diity. Articles enumerated. , m m t -of the fine 9:rts, or by .ordpr and for the use of any seminary of learning. J Natural history, specimens .pf^,-..-.-.--.-,-.- --.-.-.-. Free, Mineralogy,; dp.". .L .:-^...., ^ ^ ,-^,-...... dp. ' Botany do. . . . . . . . ^>> . - ^^ -;- r -:- doy Anatoriiical preparations. ...... .> ....,..,;.•....- dp. Models of m a c h i n e r y . . . . > v . . . J......;....-.. - - - - dp. Models of inyerition:s,X)!ther....^^. - . ^ . . . . . . . do. Plants - . . : . V . ^...;..,...'. - . . . - . . . - . ^ . . . . . . . d o ; 'Trees . . . . . . . - . . . • . : • . . , ..^^....fi,.... ..•-.- .V.- do. Wearing apparel in a^tuiai u s p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ ^ Personal baggage in actual use . . _ . . . . . . . , . . . dp.: Implements of persoris arriving in the .United do. .St.ate.s . . . . . . . - . - . • . . . - i . . . L ^ , , . . . . . . . . , ; . . . . . . • . . . ; do, TPOIS of trade of persoriS; arriyijig iri the .Uni- do. ted. S t a t e s . . . . . ..!• . ; . - . ,;.v^>--...--. - -dp.. Antimony, regulus pf. ,-.--- T. -> -•- - -.->.-•- - - do.. Cork tree, bark of, unrnanufactured. - - . . - - - . do.. Animals, imported for breed..r. - - - - - - r - - -. - - - do. Burr stones; unwrpught. - . . . , . , . ^ - - . > . - . . -,-. . dp, Coin, g o l d . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . y . . . . . . . - - - -,..',. do.. Coin, silver. --i^-. ^ . . . . . ..-.^... .^ dp. Bullion, unwrought.......................,...,.... dp. Clay, unwrought. . ^ . ^ . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - - - . . . . do. Copper, imported in any shape for use of Mint_. dp; Co^pper, in pigs, ") .• i dp. Copper, in bars, > S;hite^ to sheathirig sW dp. Copper, in plates, j dp. Brass, in pigs, ^ : , do. Brass, in barsy > Suited tp sheMhmg sbij^^. j . . dp. Brass, iri plates, y • ; _ .dp.. Copper, old, fit only to be reiTia.nufactured. - . dp.. Brass, old, fit only to be rernanufactured.... do. Pewter, old, fit only to be. remanufactured... do. Tin, in p i g s . . ' . . . . . . . . . . : . . ^ . , . . - - . ' . . . . . . . do! Tin, in b a r s . . . . . . ^ . . - : - . . . - - . . . ^-. . . - - . . . . . dp.; Furs, undressed...,. ^ . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . _.......;.... do. Hides, r a w . . . .^..... . . i ^ . . . . . . . ' . - . . ^ , . - . , . . . . . dp. Skins, raw. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . ' : dp. Lapis calaminaris ._..... . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Plaster-of-Paris . . . . . . . ' . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dp/ Rags of any kind of c l o t h . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . dp. Sulphur.. - . . . . . . . . . . J , ^,.--•...;....,-•-^.. do^ Brinistone . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . , . . . . - - - - - , . ; . . ; dp. Barilla . .J...... . ^ . . - . . . - . . . - . . dp*. h^ 1845.3 S E C R E T A R Y OF T l i E TREASURY. E-T^Cp^ipuedf 103 ^ Articles enumerated. Brazil w o o d . . . . . . . -- V- -...... Bra5:elletto ... ... ........... Redwood;........ - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camwood............... Fustic........,..,..,..-. - . . - - . - . . . . . . - . . ' . . . . . . . Nicarag.ua.. . . . . . . . . ':\ . . . . . . . . . . ^... - - Dye-wppds, other.- - - - - . - - : - . - - . - - .,....:-..Wood,, unmanufactured, df any k i n d / . . . . . . ZinqV.., -.---- - fi:r - - -.-,— r'-':- -•---''-'Teutenegue^.^ l . - , - ^ . . , . - ' - . . . . " . . . . . " . . -V •Spelter. . . . ; . - . i.......'.-.'.-.'Si.'fi.".'.. . . . ^ . \ - • :•.•• --^ :• > •/•• • .^NOTES^ • '• • •.-._ • (a.) That all cotton clpths, or cloths of which cotton is the material of chief value, (excep.t;ing nankeens°imported directly from China,) the^original cost of which, at the placewheri.ee imported,, with the addition of twenty per centum, if importted froni the Gape* of-Grood Hope, or from places heyond it, anid- of ten per centum if .'imported fr.om any other place, shall be less ithan twenty-five cents per square yard, shall, with such additiorij.be taken arid deemed to have ,cost twenty-^iive cents per square yard, and shall be charged with duty-accordingly. (6.) That all unbleached and uncolored cotton .twist, yarn, or .thread, .the original cost of which shall be less than sixty cents per pound, shall be deemed and taken to have cost sixty cents per pound,.and shall be charged with duty accordingly; and all bleached and colored yarn, the original cost of which shall have been less than seventy-five cents pier pound, shall be taken and deemed to have cost seventy-five cents per pound, and shall be charged with' duty accordingly-: . . ' • • . ' • • ' • • ' : , E—Cohtinued. / ;: .1818, APRII.:20. ; ;. To increase the duties on certain manufiactured articles. ' Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Iron, in p i g s . . . - - -.-.^.- - - - . . - - - , - . . . , -. 50 cenjis per cwt. castings .^ ..v-^->^ J ^ - . . . . , 75: ' dp... Nails ..:........... •-.:- -. v . ^ . . . . . . . . . .,.'... .•...,... 4 cents per pound, i S p i k e s . - • • . : • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . ......-...,-•,.. Iron, in bars and bolts,, manufactured without 75 epulis per p ^ o A n c h o r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^. - . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . , . . . • 2 cents per pound, A l u m . C.J.:.....:,..- i $2. per cwt. ' 104 [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E E-—Continued. 1818, A P R I L 20. To increase the duties on certain manufiactured articles. Articles enumerated. Copper, manufactures o f . . - - - . . . - . . .... Saddlery, silver p l a t e d - . . . . . . ..... Furniture, cPach J.. - - . . . — . . . . -. -. harness....:—............... Glass, cut J.........--- — ... Tacks, not exceediiig 16 Pz. M. —.... Brads, do. ; do. ......... ,Sprigs, do. : do. Tacks, exceeding 16 oz; M ... . Brads, do. do'. -. - Sprigs, do. do.. - - . . . . . . - - - - - - — Sheetings, brown Russia, not exceeding 52 archems in each piece - . - - . - - . white, do.! do, .- . . Rates of duty. Ad valorem 25 per cent, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 30 per cent. 5 cents per thousand, do. do. , do. do. 3 cents per pound, do. do. db. do. $1 60 per piece. $2 50 per piece. ' E—Continued. 1819, MARCH 3. To regulate the duties on certain wines. Articles enumerated. Rates of duties. On wines notenumerated inthe act "toregulate the duties on imports;and tonnage," passed the 27th April, 1816, when imported in bottles or cases j and paying a duty of 70 cents per gallon ...... . . . . . . . . . . -. 30 cents per gallon. On wines not enumerated in the act ** to regulate the duties on imports! and tonnage," passed the 27th April, 1816^ when imported o^Aerwise than in bottles pr cases, and paying a duty of 25 cents per g a l l o n . . . . . . . . . . - 15 cents per gallon. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 105 E-^Continued.. 1824, MAY 22. To amend the several acts imposing duties on imports. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Sail duck . - . . — . . . . Ad valorem 15 per cent Osnaburgs : -.. - . . . . . - -...-. do. do. Burlaps .--........... .... do. do. Ticklenburgs-...... ... ........ do. do. Wool,,manufactures of, until 30th June, 1825 do. 30 do. after 30th June, 1825 do. 33J do. Blankets ........ do. 25 do. Worsted stuff g o o d s . . . . - . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. Wool, certain manufactures of, the actul value ofwhich shall not exceed 33^ cents per square do. yard........-..-.- -................. do. do. do. (a) Cotton, manufactures o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do., do. Flax do u.... ..... do. do. Hemp do. Silk do. coming from beyond the do. do. Cape of Good H o p e . . 20 do. do. do.. all other . - . ....... do. do. Wool, unmanufactured, tiU 1st June, 1 8 2 5 . . . . do. 25 do. . 1st June, 1 8 2 6 . . : . do. 30 do. afterwards unmanufacturied, the value, actual, of which, at the place wherice imported, shall not exceed 10 cents per 15 do. do. pound ...---... 50 do. do. {b) Hats, Leghorn do. do. straw .... do. do. chip...... ..... -. do. grass. -.-... do. do. Bonnets of Leghorn -.. do. do. straw do. do. chip - — . . . : . . . . . do. do. . grass. . . . . . J.!;.. -•• -...--.-• do. dp. Flats, for maldng hats or bonnets. do. do. Braids do. do.............. do. do. Plats do. do...... ..... do. do. Wares, japanned 25 do. do. plated do. do. Brass, manufactures o f . . . . . . . . .... do. do. Iron do ................. do. do. Steel do.. do. do. Pewter do .:. do. do. Lead do. do. do.: Tin do do. [1845. REPORTS OF THE 106 ETTr-Gontinued. Rates.of duty. Articles,enurnerated. • Cloths, b o l t i n g - . . . . . . . . . : . . . - - . - - - . . - . v. Hair c l o t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . - -. -. - - . . . , .seating. ..^:.^..:.. j f i --.-;-. . -_-.^- -... - • Marble . . . . . . . , . ^ >-.-- - . - - . . . - . - -•-.--., manufactures o f . - - - , - - . - - - . . . . - - Paper hangings^ . . - - . ^ - - . . . . . . - . . . - . . Cottori, coach lapes of.. - - . . . . . . ; . . . - -... - -, Othpr inaterials ^ dp. - - - fi.......,...:.... -:..., Lapes, all other j . - . . . - - . - - . . . _ . . . . . - - . . , . - . Lead in p i g s . . . . . . - - . . : . . - - . . . . . . . ,^-.s h e e t s . . . - . . - . : . ^.....--... ^.>-^ -, S h o t , . . . . . . . . , - : , . . . ^ . . V . . . ^ . . ] . . -;- ^-^-... Leadjf^ r e d , . d r y . - , - . . . . ^ . - - - - . - . . - . - - -, \ white, d r y : . . . . . .i. - . . - - . . : . - - . . . - , red, ground in o i l . . i - . . . 1 . . . . . . . wbite d o . . . . . . . . . : . ,:-^,.,.-;-,--\ Carpets and carpeting, Brussels.•........ - - Ad valorem 15 per cent 30 do. do. do. do. do. do' do. do: dp. 40 do. 3.5,. do., dfi. do. do. 124 do. do. 2 cents per pound ^ ' do, 2y dp. do.- J aj .4" \-^ . /"^'dO,. •, . : 4t ; do. : 4 do. . 4 . do. 50 cents per sq. yard. , . , .. • • • . ' . . T u r k e y , ; , . - . - - , - .....• 50 do. 5D dp. . , . .... : ^ Wilton.::..:.^..,.-^r>^.2Q \ do, / : ptherkindspf \fppL,.i.p 20 do. : fiax. - -., .. 20 do, ... do. : .cotton.-^ ;^ 4... 20 : -.;. or pajjts pfpithpr Oil clpth'carpeting,. - - . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . - . Ad valorem 30 per cent i: dp, A • Oil cloths pf every d e s c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fi ' do. dOi do. Carpets and carpeting j all o t h e r . . . . ..... do, : do. i v J L a t s . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . i . - -.; 1 . - - _ . . . . _ - . . . . . - . . do. do. Cloths,, fioor, of tow, . . . . . ; . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . - - - . dp, d o . .V flags.-..:..-......-.. ... do., do. ariy pther material. . . . . . . . . Henip^.... -->.> - . . . - .... - ' . - . - . . . . - . $35 ^ e r torn 4 cents per pound. •Cables, t a r r e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ' do. Cordage, tarred,.,., ........ ....;,,. 5 ^ -do. ' untarred... .................. 5 : do. . Y a r n s , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ...^ . 5 do. Twine. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . ' . . . : do; Packthread..................... ,,....... 5 dp. • Seines...:. . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' : . . .5 Cotton bagging. . / ........ . . . . . . . . 3f cents per sqiyard. Iron,.in bars and bolts, npt manufactured in whole or ill part by rolling. . . . . . . . 90 cents per 112 pounds. round or braziers' rods of 3-16 to 8-16 of an inph diair^eter, i n c l u s i v e . . . . . . 3 cents per, pound. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 10? E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Ir^n,: nailrods . , . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spike rods . _ - - - . . . . . . . . . . - . - . - . . . ^ -sht / . - . . . . ' . . , . - - .V_V .-'.•-'.'..... sheet - - ' . . - - . . . - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h o o p , ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . --— . . -.^ - - - - -. slit or roUed for band . . . . . .. scroll ....--,.-,.- - . . . . . - . - . . . i.. casement r o d s . . . . . . - . . - . . ; . . . . . . . Spikes:. . ^ . . ' . . . . ^ • . . . . . . . . . - - - . - V . . Nails, cut . . , - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 'Wrought . : , . , . . . - ^ - - -... Tacks, .ript exceeding 16 ounces to the M. Brads, do. dp. Sprigs, do. dq. Wire, steel. not epceeedihg No.. 18 ^over. ? do. iron, not excpeding do. - - - - - - - - -pver . do. . . . . , . . square, used in theo rnariufacture of . stretcher^ for u m b r e l l a s . . . . . . . . . • Anvils..'. -,,-.--. - . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Anchors . . . . - . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cables of irpn, or parts, therebf . ....,,.., Chains dp. . do. „ ...,., -,..,. Mill cranks, of wrought iron. -.,,.. irons, dp. Mill saws . - . - - - - . , . . , . - . . . -....... Blacksmith's hammers and sledges . . . , . . . . . Muskets ,..-... Rates of duty. 3 cerits per ppun.d. do. 3 :do. 3 do. 3 do. 3 do. 3 do., 3 do. 3 do., 4 do., •5' do. 5 do. 5' do, -:5.: do. 5 do. .5.. dp. 9 do. 5 do. 9 Ad valorern 12 per ct. 2 cents per pouild., 2 - do; 3; , : dp, .3 ; ; \ do, 4 . do. 4 ^ dp. ; $1 each. " 2 i cents per pound. $1 50 per stand , $2 50 each. ArmS:,, flrp . . . . . . . . ^ . . , . . . • . - . . . . . - . Ad valor.em.SO p.er et. Arms, side - , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fi . . . . . . . . . . do. do. .Cutting-knives, of irpri or steel . . . ' . . . . . . . . , do. .do, Scythes, dio.^ ...:...-.... do. do. Sickles, ' do. ". .,....'.. do; dp, Reaping-hqpks, : do. ._.... , do. do.... do. do. Spades, do. . --- -. do. do, Shovels, ' do; ------- do. Screws, of iron, weighing 25 lbs. or upwards - do. do. do. Screws., of iron, for wood called wood-screws Vessels of cast iron, not otherwise specified.. 1J cents per pound. All other castings of iron not specified . . . 1 cent per pound.: . Copper, vessels of, all. , . . . . . - - : - - - ^ . ' - . . . . . . Ad valorern 35.per ct. Quills, prepared or rnanufactured . . . . . . . ; . . : do. ' 25: do., Slates, for building . . . . . . . . , . . . -.,... ... do." do. Rifles .,,,.,:.-::,t,v,:./::..v.,^:..:,v.-:; [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E ' 108 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Tiles, for building,. .... ----.. Blacklead p e n c i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . Candles, tallow -......---.-.-., Candles, s p e r m a c e t i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soap . . . . . .................... Lard .... Wheat ..................:..... Oats . . . . . - . - ---........ Wheat flour . . . , . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes , Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . - - - - . . . . - . Corks - - ...... : -.. Shoes, of prunella, stuff, or nankeen .... Slippers, of prunella, stuff, or nankeen\ Boots or bootees, laced . .......... Linseed oil Rapesped oil . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hempseed oil....... Castor oil Ale, in bottles . . . . . — . - . . - - . . Beer, in bottles . . . . , . - . - - -. Porter, in bottles . . . ............. Ale, otherwise than in b o t t l e s . . . . - . . . . Beer, otherwise than in bottles. Porter, otherwise thaii in.bottles ... Beef.....!--.......----... Pork ...----..... ......... Butter Vinegar . . - - ---......-.....-.. Alum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltpetre, refined . . . . . . . .....,.... Vitriol, blue . . . ..!.-.:........ . Vitriol, Roman .................. Vitriol, oil of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . --. Salts, Glauber - - - . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . Salts, Epsom ".... Camphor, crude . . . . .....---.. Cariiphor, refined. . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copperas . . -... ^........ Cayenne pepper . . .............. Ginger . ,... . -1 Chocolate . - - . . - . : f-^"... - . . . . : . . . \ .... Currants ..^............. Figs . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . . : , - . . . ; . . . . Plums .-..-..-..-. - -.... Rates of duty. Ad yalorem 25 per ct. do. 40 do. 5 cents per pPund. 8 do. 4 do. 3 do. 25 cents per bushel. 10 do. 50 cents per cwt. 10 cents per bushel. 6 cts per heaped bush, 12 cents per pound. 25 cents per pair. 25 do. $1 50 do. 25 cents per gallon. 25 do. 25 do. 40 do. 20 do. 20 do. 20 do. 15 do. 15, do. 15 do. 2 cents per pound. 2 do. 5 do. 8 cents per gallon. $2 50'per cwt. 3 cents per pound. 4 do. ': 4 do. 3 do. 2 do. 4 do. 8 do. 12 do. $2 per.cwt. 15 cents per pound. 2 do. 4 do. 3 ' do. 3 do. 4 do. s 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 109 E—Continued. Articl es enum erated. Ratejs of duty. Prunes . 2 --.- — Raisins, Muscatel . . . . . . . ......... Raisins, in jars and b o x e s . . . — . . . . . . . . . . . . Raisins, all other .--. -, Glass, window, not above 8 by 10 inches. Glass, window, not above 10 by 12 inches^... Glass, window, above 10 by 12 inches.. - - . . Glass, window, in plates .. ..... Black glass bottles, riot exceeding one q u a r t . . Black glass bottles, exceeding one ^ quart and not more than two q u a r t s - , . . - - - - , . . . . Black glass bottles, over two quarts and npt exceeding one gallon.. .... ..... Demijohns . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ Vials, apothecaries', capacity 4 oz. and less.., above 4 oz. arid not exceeding 8 oz. , Wares of cut glass, not specified... ..... 4 cents per pound. 4 do. 4 do. 3 do. $3 per 100 square feet. $3 50 do. $4 • • do. • • $4 do. $2 per gross. $2 50 do. $3 do. 25 cents each. $1. per gross. $1 25 do." 3 cents per lb., and ad valorem 30 pr. ct. Articles, all other of glass. 2 centsper lb.,and ad valorem 20 pr. ct. Books, printed previous to the year 1775 . . . . 4 cents per volume. Books, printed in other language than Enghsh, except Latin or Greek • . . : . - - . - . - - - 4 \ do. Books, printed in Latin or Greek, b o u n d . . . . 15 cents per pound. do. Books, printed in Latin or Greek, riot bound . 13 Books, all others, bound .^ . . . . . . . . . . 30 do. Books, all others, not bound 26 do.' Paper, folio, of all kinds T. . . . . . . ' . 20 do. Paper, quarto post, of all kinds ,., . . . 20 do. Paper^ foolscap 17 do. Paper, drawing, all. . . . . . ^ . - . . , . . . - . . . . 17 do. Paper, writing, a l l . . . . . - . - - . . . 17 do. Paper, printirig 10 do. Paper, copperplate ..,. 10 do. Paper, stainers' . . . . - . . . - - - - .... . 10 do. Paper, sheathing . . . . . - - . . -,... 1.. 3 do. Paper, binder's b p a r d s . - - . - - . - - . - . . .. 3 do. Paper, box b o a r d s . . 3 do. Paper, wrapping . - , - - 3 do, Paper, all other . . . . . . .. ... ^.... 15 do. 12 J.pr. ct. on all articles not herein specified, and now paying a duty of 7J per cent, ad valorem. il845; R E P O R T S OF T H E 110 E—Continiied. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Patent adhesive felt, for covering ships', bottoms . . . . . . . . ... — . . :.....-. - . . ' . . . . . . . Free; Drugs, dyeirig, and niaterials for composing dyes, not subject to other ratesof duty. . . . Ad valoi-em 12-J.pr.cerit. ./> do. : Gum, Arabic-.'...,. i ^ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . do. Gum, Senegal . . . .........'— ........... . : do.; dp, , Watches, gold, or parts: t h e r e P f : . . . . . . . . . .. do; Watches, silver, or parts- t h e r e p f . . . . . . . . . . . do. Lace, gold . . - : . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - — . . . . ' do, . Lace, silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . do. \ Embroidery . . . . . . . . . . . ..'^.- - ' . . . - . . . . . ...-. Epaulets-..:............ isfi.. ........:• "^ do. Stones, precious, set or not s e t . . . . . . . . . . - . . do.. : Pearls,-precious, set or not s e t , . ^ . - . . . - . . . . . . . do. Stpnes, Bristol or paste work , . . . ^ . . - - . . . . ." do. Gold, all articles coriipbsedwholly or chiefly of. do. Silver, ; do. • do.....,,... V do. Pearl,,. do. do...:..... dp. Stones, precious, do.^ . do...... — do. Laces of thread . . . . . . . . . - -:... - . ' . . . . . , - . . . , dp. Lace veils of t h r e a d . . . . . . . . ........... do. • ' Lace shawls of t h r e a d . . . . . . . . . . . , ; . . . . . . . . do. Lace shades of t h r e a d . . . . . . . - . . T. .^ — . . . do. . Laces of s i l k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . " . . . - - . . . : do. : ' Lace veils of silk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. ./ Lace shawls bi s i l k . . : • , ' . : . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . • do. . • •" •. • d o - - ' ; ^ •.-'••' Lace shades of silk . . , . . . . . . . . , . - . . . . . -.;. - . Articles, all, riot herein specified - . . . . . . . . . . do. • ,• • ' . . NOTES.-. (a.) " T h a t all cotton cloths, whatsoever, or cloths df which cotton shall b e ' a coiViponent material,, excepting nankeens imported directly from". China, the, original cost o f w h i c h at thd place whence imported, with the "addition of twenty per centum .if imported from the Cape of Good H o p e , oi' a n y place beyond it, and of ten per centum if imported from a n y other place, . s h a l l b e less than thirty cents p e r square yard,-shall,-with-such additi-on, be taken and deemed to have cost thirty cents p w square y a r d , and shall b.e charged with duty accordingly. A n d that all unbleached cotton twisty yarn-, or thread, the original cost of which s.ha.11 be less ,than s i x t y cents per pound,, shall Be deemed and taken to ha'veedst s i x t y cents per p'ound, and shall be charged with dirty abcordingly., And all bleached or.colored cotton y a r n , twist, or thread, the original cost of which shall-be less than .'=!eventy-five cents per pound,-shall be deemed and ^aken to have cost s"everity-five cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty accordingly." (6.) " T h a t all Leghorn hats and bonnets, and all hats or bonnets of straw, chip, or grass, which, at the place whence imported, with the addition of two p e r c e n t u m , shall have cost less than one dollar each, shall, with such addition, be taken and deemed to have cost one dollar each, and shall, be charged with duty accordingly." 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Ill E^—Contiilued'.,;. • , ;'.. ' •.. . 1828, MAY 19. .. '' In alteration of the sevm'al acts imposing duties on imports. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Iron, in bars • or bplt$, nPt rnariufactured in whple'or in part ,by r o l l i n g . . . . . . . . . ' bar and bolt, made wholly or in part by r o l l i n g . . . . . . - - . - . . . ^ ....:.:•!..-..-.. ' , pig.....--..........•.;:_....•....,•.......... wire, not exceeding No. 1 4 . . . . - - . . . . . over ' db...---.-....-, steel, not exceeding Np. 1 4 . . . . . . . ' : . . . ' . . . over do..-. ---. rourid or braziers' rods' of/3-i6! to 8-16 of an inch in diameter. . . . . . , . . . . . ...-.: nail rods, slit,or r o l l e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .spikerods - . d o . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . -•; ' "sheet •.•>•.:. . f i , . . . . . -^. -•--.-'- - • - . . . ' . . ' . -.'.; 1 cent per ppurid. $37 per 1ton... 62J cents per 112 lbs. 6 cents per pbund. 10 do. 6 do. 10 do. do. do. do. SJ .do. Si do. Si band, sht of rolled. .> . . . . . 1 . . . L . . ' do. Si scroll d o . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .. 1 . H do. casement rods, slit or rolled - -'.- - -.do. 3J A x e s : — . ' . . . . ' . • . . . . : : . . . . . - . . - --...•.. 1 -:.v-.,Vr' Ad valprem 35 per cem do. Adzes ..:.'... .., . . > . . . - - - . . . . . . . . -• do: do. Drawing knives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . / . do. do. ^ 40 do. Cutting do.. ,-...-.•...-....•.-......' do. Sickles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. Reaping hooks:.-.:^ -..-. ................ do. Scythes.I..:.':.. '.:.'..-.... ....,......•• do. do. Spades . . . . . . - - . . : . . . . - ^ . . . . ; . - - , . . . . . . . . do. do.Shovels.,...... -. ^.......... -..,.. do. •do. Squares, iron . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . ' . . . . . . ; . . ; 35 do. do. ^: .steel.....:..... . . : • . . . . . .•..... do. -do. Bridlebits.......:..., j . . . . . ,;..-........ do. do. • Steelyards;^ . . . . . . . .:•.--.%:-.......... do. do. Scale beams. - - -., ...... .-. ^..'....'... do. do. Socket c h i s e l s . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . fi.: . : . . . . . . . . . . do. do. Vices.•.•-.. - . . - . . . . . - .V..'.' •.•:. '......'... do. do. Screws of iron for wood, .called wood-screws. 40 do. do. .Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . • . . ' , . . - - - . _ . ^ . . . ^ $1 50 per 112 -pounds. Lead, in pigs ,: . . . . . ...•.•..;—::..:.. 3 cents per pound. bars -..........' 3 do. sheetJs.. . . - . --.-..•.".-.„ ... 3 do. Shot, leaden . . . . . . . . . . . . - . : \ .-... - . . . , . . . . , 4 do. Lead, red, dry , „..«.«o-.,^. „\.««. ^ . « , . . ,•: • 3 do. 3* ,3* [1845. REPORTS OF THE 112 E—Continued. . / - • Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Lead, red, ground in oil. - - - -, Lead, white, dry L. . . . . . . ........ . ' ground in oil Litharge .-...... i. Orange, mineral.. Lead, manufactured into pipes sugar o f . . . .... ., Wool,-unrnanufacturedj four cents per pound. and in addition thereto an ad valorem duty of forty per cent, until 30th Jurie, 1829, when an additional duty of 5 per cent, is added, and that amount annually till the additional duty ad valorem amounts to 50 per c e n t . . : . . . . • • . ' " ^ , . • • • {a) Manufacturesof, or of which'it shall be a component part, to 30tli June, 1829, 40 ner cent. . . . ...... {a) After the 30th June, 1829, 45 per cent. (a) The actualvalue of which shall exceed $4 the square yard to 30th June, 1829, 45 per cent (a) After 30th June, 1829, 50 per cent. Manufactures of, except flannel and baizes, the actual value of which at the place whence imported shall not exceed 3S'i cents per square y a r d . . . Blankets Hosiery. .. Mits........-..,....,....,..-........ ... Gloves.............^ J. .. Binding 1— , ----Clothing, ready made . . . . . . . . . " . ...-. Carpets and carpeting, Brussels.. Turkey..:.......... Wilton..---.... Venitian'. ^ ingrain wool, or parts thereof.. sfH flax do. ... . 5 cents per pound. 5 do. 5 do. 5 do. 5 do. . 5 do. 5 do. 4 cents per pound and ad valorem 50 per cent. Ad valorem 40 per cent. do. 45 do. do. do. 45 50 do. do. 14 cts. per square yard. Ad valorem 35 per-cent. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 70 cts. per square yard. 70 do. 70 do. 40 do. 40 do. 32 do. 32 do. 32 do. hemp do. 32 do. cotton do... Floor cloths, patent, printed, or painted.. . 50 ^ do. Oil cloth, other than the a b p v e . . , . . , . . . , . . . 25_ . . do- 1 1 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 113 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Oil cloth, furniture. . •.. Floor matting, of flags — . - . - - , . - . . . . . . . . . Floor matting, of other materials. — Hemp, manufactured, until 30th June, 1829 from which time $5 per ton in addition per annum, until, the duty shall amount to $60 per ton. Cotton bagging, until 30th June, 1829. - . after do. do.... -.. Flax, manufactured, until 30th June, 1 8 2 9 . . . from which time an additional duty of $5 per ton per annum, until the duty shall amount to ^ . . Duck, sail ^ and in addition thereto one half cent . . yearly, until the same shall amount t o . . Mplasses^ ---V -. .- - - -.- Spirits, distilled from grain, 1st proof. ... 2d dp. . . . . . . . . 3d do. . . / . . , - ' " 4th do .-.... 5th. do. . - - . above 5th do. . . - - - . . . of other materials, 1st do. . . . . . . . . ' . 2 d do. .3d do. . - - - . . . . .• , 4th do. . - - - - - . 5th do. .. i . . . . . . . above 5th do. : . Silk manufactures, or of which it shall be a componerit part,, from beyond Capeof Good Hope ...... all others. — Indigo, from 30th June, 1.829 and from that time an additional duty of ten cents per pound each year, until the whole duty shall amount to Glass, window, above 10 by 15 inches in plates, or sheets, uncut. Vials and bottles, not exceeding capacity of 6 ounces each Slates, roofing, not exceeding 12 inches in length by 6 w:ide -.> . exceeding 12 and not exceeding 14 in length. 15 cts per square yard 15 do. 15 do; $45. per ton. VOL. V.—8. per ton. 4|-cts. per square yard 5 do. $35 per ton. per ton. , 9 cts. per squarp yard 12J do. . 10 cts. per gallon. 57 do. : 60 do. 63 do. 67 . do. 75 do. 90 do. \ 53 do. ^ 53 do. 57 do. 63 do. 72 do. 85 do. ' Ad valorem 30 per cent, do.. 20 do. 20 cents per pound. 50u o do. QO. $5 per 100 square feet. $5 do. $1 75 per gross. $4 per ton. $5 do. REPORTS OF THE 114 [1845. E—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Slates, roofing, exceeding 14 and not exceed^ ing 16 in length. . . . . . . . . . $6 per ton. exceeding 16 and not'exceeding 18 in l e n g t l i . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 per tori., exceeding 18 and not exceeding 20 in length . . . . . . . - . . . 8 per ton. exceeding 20 and not exceeding 24 in length . . . . . . • 9 per ton. imported, c i p h e r i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 33 J pef ct. NOTES. (a.) Shall not exceed 50 cents, shallbe deemed to cost 50 cents.—^" On mariufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a component part, (except carpetings, blankets., worsted, stuff goods, bombazines, ho.siery, mits, gloves, caps, and bindings,) the actual value of whicli at the place whence imported,shall not exceed fifty cents the square yard, shall be deemed to have cost fifty cents the square yard, and be charged thereon with a duty of forty per centum ad valorem until the 30th June, 182i9, and frorii that time a duty of forty-five per centum ad valorem." Shall exceed 50 cents, and not exceed ^1,'shall he deemed to cost ^ 1 . — " On all manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a coniponent part,'except as aforesaid, the actual value of which at the place whence imported shall exceed fifty cents the square yard, and shall not exceed one dollar the square yard, shall be deemed to ha:ve cost one dollar the square'yard, and be charged thereon with a duty of forty per centum ad valorem until the 30th June, 1829, and from-that tiriie a duty of forty-five per centum ad valorem." Shall exceed §1, and not exceed $2 50, shall bedeemed to cost^2 50.—^'* On all manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a\component part, except as aforesaid, the actual value of which at the place whence imported shall exbeed one dollar the square yard, and shall not exceed two dollars and fifty centsthe square'yard, shall be deemed tohave cost two dollars and fifty cents the square yard, and be charged, thereon with a duty of forty per centum ad valorem until the 30th,June, 1829, and from that time a duty of forty-five per centum ad valorem." Shall exceed $2 50, and not exceed $4, shall be deemed to cost $4.—" All manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a component part, except as aforesaid," the actual value of whichj at the place whence imported shall exceed two dollars and fifty-cents the square yard, and shall not exceed fpur dollars the square .yard, shall be deemed tohave cost at the place whence imported fpur dollars, the square yard, and a duty of forty per centum advalorem shall be levied, collected, and paid on such valuation,-until the 30th June, 1829, "and from that time a duty of forty-five.per centum ad valorem." ^' . 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. 11^ E-^Contiriued. • / ^ 1828, MAY 24, Altermg the dtdies on wines.. f ilates of duty. Articles enumerated. Wines,- of France^ wheri imported in casks-. . Germany, • do-. - do,-. Spain, do* do.Mediterrarieari, do* do. (unless specially enumerated.) md, of France, when not imported in b o t t l e s — r . --•---•.--•....... - • . . . . . mdj of-Spain, , - dos , do. of all countries^ when- imported in bottles or cases, unless specially enumerated ^----.....-..-.... of Sicily, whether' imported in botfles. cases, or c a s k s — ^11 not enurnerated, db, do. Sherry, in bottles, cases, or c a s k s . . -• . Madeira, d o . do. .... ••• -• ^ • • ^ > • t : : : . 15 cents per gallon. .15 do< 15 do.' 15 do. vio ,10 . . .doi .30 do. 30 30 50 30 do. do. do. do. ds. ~~-.'.-'-"7-u- E—Continued,- 1^30, MAY 20, To reduce the duty on coffee, tea, and cocoa. Articles .eriumerated^' Coffee, after Slst Deceniber, 1 8 3 0 . . . . . . . afier 31st Deceriiber, 1 8 3 1 ; - . - - . . . . . Cocoa i . . ^ w - . . . . . . . . . . .....'.... .J..Teas imported fi'om China, or other places east of the Cape of Good Hope, in vessels of the United States— Imperial. .-. - ^.; i. w^.. . ^ . . , Gunpowder;.-...-. - . , . - - . . . . . . Gomee . . . -^. ...-. -.-.-.. Hyson. Young hyson Hyson skin -... »Other green tests....^^..;^.;...*^^.. ^^..^^^^ ^ Souchong . - . L ..^^.rv^^--^^-^^- - i i Other black . . ir.^ ^^.^^^.^^^^^^-^ i^ i--.:.^^ Bohea». -.--....... . . . lliates of duty. 2 ceiits per pound. 1 cent per pound. 1 do. 25 cents per pounde 25 do. do. 25 do. 18 ISdo. IS do. ddi v^ • 10 • do. 10' do. do. 4 | E E P O R T S OF T H E 116 [1845. E^—^Continued,. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Teas imported from any other place, or in vessels other than those of the United States— Imperial ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . Gunpowder . . ; . .-.-.... Gomee . . .fi................ Hyson.... . ^............. Young hyson ,.: . . . . J.-..... Hyson s k i n . . . ] . . . . . . . . . . . , . - . . . Other green teas. ^...................... Souchong . '..... ;.......Other black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bohea....... - - . - . . . . -;.. - I, 37; cents per pound. do. 37 do. 37 do.•27 27 do. 20 do. 20 do.: 18 do. 18 do. 6 do. E—Continued. 1830, M A Y 2 9 . — - T O reduce the duty on molasses. Article enumerated. Molasses- ..-...!. Rate of duty. :.. - - - - - • ; , - - . ' - . - - . 5 cents per gallon. E^—Continued. 1830, M A Y 2 9 . — T O reduce-the duty on salt. . Article enumerated. Rate of. duty. Salt, bushel of 5^ pounds -, - - -..-.•..... r ,- 15 cents per bushel. . .E=—^Contir^ued. 1832, JULY 13.—Wines ofi France. Articles enuriierated. ' ^ "" " Rates of duty. Wines of France, red, in casks. - . , . . . , . . . . . . . , . . 6 cents per gallon. white, in casks.. .„.............. 10 do. all sorts,.in bptdes.,.....,..,.,, 2 2 ; do. . 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY, 117 E—-Continued. 1832, JtJLY 14. To alter and amend the several acts imposing duties on imports. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Wool, unmanufactured, not exceeding 8 cents per p o u n d . . . . . - - - - - - . - - - , . . . . . . Free. exeeeding 8 cents per p o u n d . . . . . . . . 4 cents per pound, and ad valorem 40 per ct. Cloth, milled and fulled, kriown by the narnc of plain, kerseys, and Keridall cottons, of which wool shall be, the pnly material, the value whereof shall, not exceed 35 cents per Square yard, i . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 5 per cent, do. 10 do. Worsted stuff*,, of. silk arid w o r s t e d . . . . . . . . . . . do. 10 do. Shawls, of silk and w o r s t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do.. 10 do. Manufactures of other of silk and w o r s t e d . . . . do.. 20 do. Yarn, w o r s t e d . . . . . '... - . . . - - - - . . . . . . . . > woolen . . . . . . ......-. 4 cents per pound, and ad valorern 50 per ct. Mits. \ . . - - . - • - - - - . . . - . . . . . . . Ad. valor ern 25 per cent, do. do. Gloves w ...---.. ^ . . - - . - - do. do. Bindings - . - . - . - . . . . - . - - . — ......---. . , do. ; do. Blankets:. -..-.---.. 1 ---...-....... do, do. Hosiery.,. ,. •-.-.. do. . do. Carpets and carpeting, except those, specified. 63 cents per sq. yard. •Brussels. - ... '-. ^ do.' do. Wilton.--.,..,.,... do. do. treble i n g r a i r i . . . . . . . . do. ingrained,, all o t h e r . . . 35 do. do. do. Venitian Blankets, the value whereof at the place whence exported shall not exceed 75 cents e a c h . . . . Ad valorem 5 per cent. Flannels . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . — . . . , 16 cents per sq. yard. do. ' do. . , Bockings. — ^ . i -........-.'....... do. do. Baizes. - . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - . . . . . . , . . . Laces,, c o a c h . . . . . ^ . . . . . . , . . . . . : . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 35 per cent, do. 50 do. Shawls, merino, made o f ' w o o l . . . . . . . . . . . . Wool, air other, manufactures of- - - - - - - - - - - do: 50 do.. do. 50 do. Ready-made clothing. -•.....------.... do; 25 do. (a) Cotton, manufactures o f . . . . . . . ...... do. 25 do. (b) twist, yarri, and thread do. 20 do. Nankeens,, imported from China. 43 cents per sq. yard. Floor cloths, stamped. - . -\.. -'. do. do. printed, or p a i n t e d . - - - . . . - - . - . do. ; Cloths, oil, of all kinds not s p e c i f i e d . . . . . . . . 12^ do.. Matting, fioorj of .flags. 1. . . . . . . Ad valorem 5 per cent. 118 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. E—Gontinued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Matting, floor, of other m a t e r i a l s . . . . . . . Ad valorem 5 per cent. Iron, in bars and bolts, not manufactured in whole or in part by r o l l i n g . . . - - - . . . . 90 cents per 112pounds. bar and bolt, rnade wholly or in part by rolling .-;...--. .;-->-. - . . . $30 per ton. 50 centsper 112pounds. vessels of cast, not ptherwise specified.. 1J cent per pourid. castings of, all Pther, do.". . . . •.- 1 do. wire, not exceeding No. 1 4 . . ' . .. 5 cerits do. exceeding No. 1 4 . . .. . . . . . . . . . ' 9 do. of steel, riot eij^ceeding No. 1 4 . . . . . ' 5 do. exceeding No. 1 4 . . . . . •... - 9 do, silver... i - - . . - . . ^ . : . . Ad valorem 5 per eent. plated . . . - - - ^ . . i . . . - . - ^ - - . - . . . do. do. cap, covered .with silk, cotton, flax, or t h r e a d - - ^ - - ; . . . - - . . i . . . . . - 12 cents per pound. bonnet ' do. . do..^-. ' do. do. round, or braziers' rods, of 3-16 to 8-16 of an inch in diameter. ^. -.; .... do^ do. nail rods.--,. .^: ^-..;-do. do. spike rods. - . : . . . ^ - - - . - - - - . . - . i do. do. do. nail plates, slit, rolled, or h a m m e r e d . . . . do. do. do. . sheet .-; .. - - - - i- - ^ - - --- - ^- -. do. do. hoop . . . . . . . - -. -.....-.--do. do. band, slit, rolled, or hammered- . . - . - . do. do. casement r o d s . . . 1 . . ^.. ^.. i ... . dp. do. Spikes. 1 . . . . . . V . ..^L......... ..: do. do. Nails, cut --.. — . . - . - . . . do. do. wrought.-— -...^-.....-.. Tacks, not exceeding 16. oz. to the M , . - . . - . 5 eents per thousand. Brads, , - do. do. dp do. do. Sprigs, do. ; dp. do......... do. - • do. Tacks, exeeeding 16 :oz, to the M. . ..;... 5 cents^ per pound. Brads, do. dp, do — do. - do. do. " dp. Sprigs, do. do.' do.... i.... Wire, squareV used for the. manufacture of stretchers for umbrellas . . . . = , - . • . , . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 12 per eent. 3 cents per pound. Anchors, and all parts; thereof.. ;.-....-.do. do. 4 do. do. Mill cranks, of-wrought i r o n . . . . .... do. dp. irons, d o . . , . . . ; . - - . . . - . .^ . . . . . . . ' ^ saws, do. - - t - - . . . . . ; . . . . . - . $1 each Blacksmiths' hammers and sledges-.. . ' . . . . . - 2 i cents.per pound. Muskets - . . : . . . - - . "-i - . -. - - - - . $1 50 per stand. Rifles J.i . . . . . . . . .-.--. - . . $2 50 each. '. . , "i . 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 119 Er—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Arrns,.fixe............ . -. Axes .. --;, - -.' xiLQ.zes . - - • . , . . . . . - . - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . Hatchets ^,. . Drawing knives - , -^ - - - i Cutting knives •...., -......;—..-,...Sickles . - - - - . - . . ..^ -. . Reaping hooks . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -,.... - - - . - . Scythes . : . . . . . , . , . . . , . ..L.. — . — . . — . . — . Spades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,..,...Shovels . . . . - . . . . - , - - - ^ - - -.r Squares, of iron . -,., - . . , . . . . . — . . , . .... ' ' steel - . . - - -.-.-. Saddlery, plated ........... - . . . . . . . . . brass...-.-...-.-.-......-...... pohshed s t e e l . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture, coach, of all descriptions - - -. ^..... -.. harness, do.. Steelyards ..,-.-.,... .— Scale beams - ............................. Socket chisels . - - . . . - - - -' -....... Vices.....:.,...........-.,. . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Screws of iron, called wood-screws •.,. Saddlery,^ cornrnon . , . - . . ..,,.- - . , . . . tinned . . . . . . . ' . - . . . . ^ . . . . — . - > ,. japarined — Steel..... . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . . . - . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ' . . Wares, j a p a n n e d : ; . . , . . . . . . . plated .,.:,..-..... Brass, manufactures of, not specified .Iron, dOi do. .'........ Steel,.. do. . do. ...---Pewter, do. -do. Tin, .do. do. '. Iron, scrap ^ — :>. .. • old ..;...... ......fi Hemp,,.manufactured.... ..— - - - . - - - . . - . Duck, sail: — Cotton b a g g i n g . . . , . L Felts,. or.ha.t bodies, wholly or in part of wool Silk, manufactures of, beyond the Cape of Good Hope. — all o t h e r - . - - - . - . : . ' . . . . . Sewing silk , Sugarf brown •—.'. '.. Ad valprem 30 per ct. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do., do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.: do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do10 do. do. do, do. do. $1 50 per 112 pounds. Ad valorem 25 per ct. do. dp. do. do. do. do. . do. - do. • do. do. . do. do. $12 50 per ton. do.per tpn. Ad valorem 15 per ct, 3 J cents per square yd. 1.8-cents each. Ad valorem lO'.per ct. do. 5 do. do. 40 do. 2 | cents per pound. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 120 E-—Continued. Articles en, Sugar, syrup of cane, in casks . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sugar, white, c l a y e d : . : - - . . . . . - - - . . . . : . . . . . Salt..-.....--...:.;---. ---.-..---: Lead, old -i - . . . . ' . . — : - - - - - . . . . ' . scrap.-- - — . j - . . . . — - - . - - . . . - . . . . Teas, of all kinds^ imported from places this side of the Cape of Good. Hope, or in vessels other than those of theUnited States:.. Slates - . ....----.----........... Glass, window, not above 8 by 10 i n c h e s . . . . 10 by 12 inches-:... abovie 10 by 12 inches . . . - , . in plates uncut . . . . . . . . . . . . Vials and bottles, perfumery, not exceeding,4 oz. each : .: exceeding 4 oz. and not excieeding 16 oz. fancy, not exceeding 4 oz. each . :...-...'. exceeding 4 oz. and not exceeding 16 oz. . - . - - - . . . Glass, wares of, cut,, not specified . : . - . . . . . . black bottles, not exceeding 1 quart, i : \. exceeding 1 quart . . . . . demijohns . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . all other articles, not specified . . . . . . . Paper hangings ...--. Hats, of Leghorn . i .. ... ...... straw. . . fi.... . fi.. I . . . . . . . . . chip . . . . . ; . . . . - . . . . . : grass . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bonnets, of Leghorir straw. i ................ chip . J ......::.. ^.:... grass .'>... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flat braids, for making hats or bonnets..'. Plaits, ; do. do. ; ... Whalebone, the product of foreign fishing . . . Silk, r a w . . ..---Furs, dressed . . , . . ; . . . . . . . . .'.. Boards i. .......:......... Planks........... J Walking canes . . . J' Rates of duty. erated. 3J cents per pound. 3^ do. 10 cents per 56 lbs. ; 2 cents per pound, do. do. .10 Ad $3 $3 $4 $4 cents per pourid. valorem 25' per ct. 00 per 100 sq. feet 50 do. 00 do. 00 do. $2 50 per gross. $3 25 do. $2 50 do. $3 25 do. 3 cents per pound, and ad valorem 30 per ct. •'$2 00 per gross. $2 50 do. 25 cents each. 2 cents per pound, and , ad.valorem 20 per ct. Ad valorem 40 per ct. do. 30 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. - do. do. 12i 'do. do. do. do. . do. do. 25 do. do. do. do. do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 121 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Walking sticks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frames for umbrellas and parasols . . . . . . Sticks, for umbrellas and p a r a s o l s . . . . . . . . Wood, manufactures of, not specified.^.... Copper, vessels . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . Copper, rnanufactures of, not specified . - -. Hemp, do. do. - . - - - . - . . . Flax, -. do. do. . - _ - - . . . - , Fans . ........................... Artificial flowers . . . . . . . . . -- ----..-. Ornamental feathers ^ -. Ornaments for head-dresses --........ Caps for w o m e n . . ...-..--. Millinery of all k i n d s . . . . . - . . - - . , -. Comfits, preserved in sugar or brandy . - -, Sweetmeats, do.* - do. - - - - • - . . . - ' . Umbrellas . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -. Parasols ---. :. Parchrrient... - . Vellum - . . - - - - - - - . . -, Wafers Black lead p e n c i l s . . . . . Brushes, of all k i n d s . . . Cabinet wares . . . -. Hats, o f i f u r . . . . . - l e a t h e r . . . . .K. wool Caps, of fur '-...---....... leather wool" -1 --^^. Leather, w h i p s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bridles. L . . -..-.. saddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . all manufactures o f . . . . . . . Carriages, and parts thereof..----. Boots '-•----. J;. J .. Bootees. .... .... Shoes of leather--... ^..... prunella, stuff", or nankeen. Shppers, do. do. - do. . . . Ware, porcelain... ^ -: China .:.' .-. stone -... . ..... earthen -.... Musical instruments. ./..----.. Rates of duty. Ad valorem 25 pr. cent. dp. do. do. - do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. , do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ; do. do. do. do. do. do.^ do. do. ' do. do. do. dp.. do. do. dp. dp. ^ . do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ' 30 do. do. do. do. do. do. do.' do. ^ do. do. _ do. do. do. do. do. ' dp. do. do. do. ' do. do. do. do, $ 1 50-per pair. do. 25,cents per pair, do. do. Ad valorem. 20 pr. cent. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. ,30 do. 122 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Marble, manufactures of, -.... -, -..,., -.-... . ^ . . . . . . . Olive oil, in casks... ....,-_-...-..-,-,-.-,-..,,...' Wines of France, red, in cas.ks ..-.-....'.......... white, in,casks.....,.,-^ ^-'. ^ of all sorts., in bpttles ----,-. Until 3d. March, 1834; after that,.pne. half of those ratea respectively.. '• Wines,, of Germany, in ca:sks,.,- -.-. -.,.-:.^.....:.. Spain, do;-.-.. .^^,-,-.-.^....-...^. Mediterranean, in casks......... .^........ . .^ (uEiless specially enumerated.) red, pf Spain, when not impprted in bottles.. of all countries,, when imported in bottles or cases, unless specially eriurnerated..... of Sicily, whether impprted in bottleSj cases, or casks . -,,.....-.-._...,........ all, not enumerated'.........,. . ^ . . . . . ^ . . . . - . Sherry, in bottles, cases, pr casks Madeira, dp. dp. - - -,... Barley ^..-. Baskets, grass .... ^.. straw . . . . . . Composition b e a d s . . . Wax do.. Amber do, -. . .^._..._._.^._.^._....^... AU other do.., not enurnerated.. -, -. -.Lampblack Indigo .^, Liriens, bleached.. unbleached . -,.^-,. - . , . ^ - . . . . . , . . . . . Boxes, shell ....,.,-.,_ .-,-.-^-I-,.^..... paper , , . . . . . ^,;.^.-^..,,.^... .^.^, .Hair bracelets . . „ - % - : . . . . , . . . . . . _ . . „ . . . . . . . . . . not made up for head-dresses^...^-.. .U.^., Bricks... . . . . ..^.... .^^,,.„.^-.-...-......,. Tiles, paving . . . . . . . . . . . . .^.....^..,._._. . ^ . . . . . . Brooms of hair, ^ ....^.^.^-.,.-,-„....-.-.. . palm leaf. ..*.::..^..._._.....^........,. Cashmere of Thibet ,. -....,..,...:...,.,. Down of all kinds '---,.,... - -„ - -. -,-, -,,. - -. Feathers for beds.; ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , , . , . , , . . . . . Articles, all not herein specified either as free or as liable to a differerit duty, and which, by tliC;existing laws, pay ari ad valorern duty higher than 15 per cent. .........^..,.._.,.._,.. Ad valorena 20 pr. cent. go cents per gallon. do. • 6 do. 10 22 ... do. / do. do. do. 7* H n do. 15 do. 15 15 25 25' do. do. do. do. Ad valorem 15 pr. cent do. . do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. . do. ' do. - . d o . • do.. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ..do. do. do. do. do. do. dOi. dp, J f 1845.] 123 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. E-r-.Continued. Articles enuitnerated. .Rates of duty. Yarn -----Cordage, t a r r e d . . . . . . . . ^ --.._,,.,.., uritarred- - . '............ ...^^.. Ticklenburgs .... ... . .... Osnaburgs -. ,,,, Burlaps-. --.--.--.-,.._,-„ Potash, bichromate . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . prussiate o f . . . , ^ - - . - -. ^ , . . . . ^ , , , , chromate . 1 . . ^ .^.. iNitrate of lead . . . . - - -,-...,,............. Aquafortis . -. ^ . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tartaric acid .---.,-. - ^«r -^ Tartaric emetic . . . . . . . . . . . .,...,..-. Salts, Rochelle ...... ..-,..,, Sulphate of quinine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .^, Calomel . . . . . . ^ . . . . .....^'., Corrosive s u b h m a t e . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ ,...,. Sulphate of magnesia , ,..,.,,,. Salts, glauber . -...,,...,,... Alum . . . . - - .-...-.-,...,.,., Copperas ... ... Manganese ,; Acid, muriatic .-......... sulphuric Saltpetre, refined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Blue vitriol... , ...........^ Carbonate of soda ., ..---..--.. Lead,red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,., white .'.......... Litharge . . . . . . . . . - - -. Lead, sugar of i Combs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . In addition to articles exempted from duty b.y the existing laws, (see previous acts,), the following are added, viz: ,. . . Teas, of all kinds, imported from China,, or other .places east of the Cape.of Good Ho.p^., ' and in vessels of the United States ... Cbffee ...... Cocoa , .. ........ Almonds Currants Prunes , .... .... . rigs.-"v:'.... .Raisins in jars or cases. "... 5 cerits per pound. ..4: do. .5, .dp.: Ad valprem 15 pr. cent.. do. do. do. do. 12^ do, do, do. dp. do. do. do. do.. do. dp. do. . dp/ do. 15 do. do. do.. do. . do. do. do. do. do. . 4 cents per pound. 2 do, $2 50 per cwt, $2. 00 . do. Ad valoreni 12 J pr. ct. do. do, . 3 cents per pound. .3 .. do. 4 do. Advalorern, 15 pr. et. 5 cents, per pound. .5 do... -5 : do. • ^ d. dp.. ^ Ad yalorem. I S pr. ct. Free. do. . do,: do. do. do. . do, do. R E P O R T S OF T H E 124 [1845. E—Continued. \ Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Raisins, a,ll o t h e r . . . . . - . ; . . - . . Pep]3er, black- - .. ... Ginger . . - -• Mace - -. - . -'.--Nutmegs ., Cinnamon. ...:. Cassia - . ^, -... Cloves --Pimento . . . . . ......... Camphor ---...Saltpetre, crude - - - - - - Flax, unmanufactiiredl - - . . . . Quicksilver . .. ...... Opium... Quills, unprepared Tin, in plates and sheets . Marble, unmanufactured Argol -.-... Gum A r a b i c - . - - - - . - - . . : . . . Gum Senegal. Gold e p a u l e t s . . . . , . . . . . . . Silver . do Lac dye . . ----• Madder.. . . . . . . -^-.. . . Madder root -..;..Nuts, used in dyeing.. -. Berries, do.. Saffron . . .-.... Tumeric.. - Woad, or p a s t e l . . . . . . . . . . . . Aloes. ................. Ambergris . . . . . . . . : . . i . . . Burgundy pitch ^.... Peruvian, bark ... .^ Cochineal.. ............ Capers . Chamomile flowers ..•. Coriander s e e d . . . . . . . Cantharides . . .. Castanas ...-".. Catsup .,.-.-... Chalk.. Cocculus indicus . . . . . . " . . . . . Coral.. -• Dates -. .-----.. Free. do., :do. do. do. do., do. do. do. do. do. do. do.: do. : do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. -do. do. do. do. do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. E-—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated* Filberts....-.--.--.--...Filtering stpnes:..-.. ... Frankincense . ... .. Grapes - -.. Gamboge . .: Hemlock -. , . . . . . - . . . . Henbarie.. -o...... - -,, Horn plates for lanterns.. - Ox horns .—..... — Horns and tips, and others . India rubber ....,• . Ipecacuanha Ivory,manufactured.'....... Juniper berries..,..". Musk.............. Nuts of all kinds..-->Ohves ..--..-. Oil of juniper.. . . . . -.,, Paintings.......-.Drawings . - . . .. -.. Ratans, unmanufactured Reeds, do. .> ,.. Rhubarb - - - . . -, Rottenstone Tamarinds .^ Tortoise shell.'.. . ^ . . . . . . . Till foil-. ^....:....: Shellac - - - . - . , - - - - - - . . . . Sponges.. -. - - . . . -. Sago - - - - - -,, Lenlons. Limes ---.-.-..-.-.. Pineapples . - - - - . - . - - . . . CPcoanuts .1 . Shells --------Iris, or orris root. - - - . . . . . . Arrow root - . ---.,.. Bole ammoniac. i - Colombo r o o t - . - . - - . - . . - . Annattp- -.^....... Aniseed. .-..-. Oil of aniseed . -. .. cloves-.,.,.—... Cummin seed.. . , ^ - . . . . . . . SarsapariUa:- - -,o . . „ . „ , . . , Free. do. do.. do. do. do. do. do. do. ..do. do. do.. do. do. dp, do. do. . do. do. do. : do. do. dp. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. dp. . do. do. do. do. do. do.. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 125 R E P O R T S OF T H E 126 [1845. ,E-.^Continued. Articles enumerated. Balsam .tolu -... -.-.--. ......... Assafoetida - . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - . . - - . — . Ava root .............: ..... Alcornoqui.-...- . ^ ' . . . i . . . . , . . .' ,. Canella alba.. -^.........' .... Cascarilla*' - - - -...---- Harlaem oil -,;. - - . . . . ..;•-.. ......... Manna and Senna . . ..L.. - -.. Tapioca..'... .. ..^ - -- Vanilla beans .Oil. of almonds . -...... Nux vomica ............ Amber. .......--..,--. Platina ..--..... Busts of marble, .metal, or plaster Casts of bronze, or of plaster. 1 ........ Strings of musical instruments... - . ..... Flints. - . . - -.. - . , Kelp Kermes •. .. -. Pins ...:....... Needles ....-....' --..-.....----Mother-of-pearl... .• .•-.--. . Hair unmanufactured .. Hair pencils ----Brazil paste.... .. -Tartar, crude . - - - . . . . - . . . . . . Vegetables, such as are used in dyeing and iri composing d y e s . . . - . 1..' .. Weld:...................----Articles used principally for d y e i n g . . . . . . . . . . Drugs, medicinal, all. other. .,. All articles not enumerated in this act rior the existing laws, and which are Hable.to an ad. . valorem duty of 15 per.cent." . . . . . . . . . •.. V ./: . NOTES.- - . ,. . ' - . • • > (a) 1832, July 14.—*' That all manufactures of cotton, or of which cotton shall'b^ a coniponent part, not dyed, colored, priiited, or stained, not .exceeding in value 30 cents the square yard, shall be valued at,30 cents the square yard; and if dyed, colored, printec^, or stained, in whole or in part, not exceeding,in value 35 cents the square yard, sliall be valued'at 35 cents, per square yard." ...„ . , , . (b)-1824:, May 22.—*'Apd, that all unbleached and uncolored cotton "twist, yarn, or thread, the original cost of which shall be less than 60 cents per pound, shall be deerried and taken to. have cost 60 cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty accordingly; and all bleached or colored cotton yarn, twist, or thread, the original cost of which shall be less than 75-cents per pound, shall be deemed and taken to have cost 7'5 cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty accordingly." fi-: 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 127 E-^Contihued. 1833, MARCH 2. To explain and arnerid act ofi July 14, 1832, so fiar as relates to hardware^ copper, ^c. ' Articles eriumerated. Rates of duty. Ad valorem 25 per cent, Copper bottoms, cut round C do. do. cut rourid to the edge -^-... do. , do._ Still bottoms, cut round - . -. .. . do. • do. turned up on e d g e . - . - . . - - . Copper plates weighing more thari 34 ounces per square foot, commonly called brazier's do. dd. , copper do. do. Copper sheets, do. do. do. do. Tobaccp leaves, unmanufactured ...... do. . 12 J do. 1841, SEPTEMBER 11. Relating to duties and drawbaclcs. ' Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Cloth, milled arid fulled, known by the name of plains, kerseys, and- Kendall cottons,.of which wool shall be the only material, the value whereof shall not exceed 35 cents persquare y a r d . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 20 per cent Worsted stuff*; of silk and worsted.. - . . . . . . . . do. . do. Shawls, . do. do. do. Manufactures of other, do. . . do. do. Blankets, the value whereof at the place whence exported shall riot exceed 75 cents each.. do. ... do; -Matting, floor, of flags............. ., ....'. do. do. of other materials-. - -- .- -.....do. do. Wire, of silver. .., ^--. . do. do. plated u - . . . . . . . . . - -..;.......... do. , . . do. square, used for the manufacture of stretchers, for urribrellas.,,-. do. do. Saddlery, common , ..•. -.--.-.-.. .-. do. do. tinned . •. . . . 1. -:--......... do. do. japanned . . . . : . . . . . ^ ^ ......... ...... do. do. Duck, sail . . , , . . ....-•. , . ...... do. • do. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 128 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of,duty. Silk, manufactures, beyond Cape of Good Ad valorem 20 per cent, Hope, all other... do. do. r a w . . . . r. do. do. Furs, dressed • do. do. Barley do. do. Baskets of g r a s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ! . . . . . do. do. .^ straw . . . . . . . . . . .1 /. do. do. ' Composition beads .'.'.....-. -..,.... do. do. Wax ' do. . . . . . - - . - - - . - - - 1 . . - , , . . do. do. Amber - dp. - . , do. do. . All other do. not e n u m e r a t e d . . . . . . . do. do. -' Lanipblack............'..........'.. 1.... do. ^ do. Linens, bleached . . . - : . . do. do. unbleached ...-----.. -- do. do. Boxes, shell " do. do. paper . . . - do. do. Hair bracelets -... . do. ^ do. ,not made up for head-dresses ... do. Bricks ................ do. do. Tiles, paving.. . ...--..... do. Brooms, of hair - - - - - - - - - - - ... do. do. . palm leaf. - - . - - - - . . . . , . . . , do. do. Cashmere, of Thibet. — . - - - - - . . . . . . . do. do. Down, of all kirids.. - . - . . . ^ do. do. Feathers for beds. -,. ...•.-.--do. do. Ticklenburgs.......... . . . ^ . . . . . . . . -" - . do. do. Burlaps. -.....----- — ......... do. do. ^ O.snaburgs. - -.- do. do. ' Articles, all, not specified either as fi'eeor as liable to a different duty, and which, by the existing laws previous.to July 14, 1832, pay an ad valorem duty higher than 15 per cent-. do. do. Acid, muriatic -.- .^-; do. 12fdo. sulphuric, or oil of v i t r i o l . . . . . . . ' . . . . . 3 cents per pound. Alum...fi.' . . - . - - - - . . . . $2 5.0 per cwt. Acid, tartaric . . - . . — . . . . . - , .^ , Ad valorem 12J pr. ct. Aquafortis......'- - . . . -. ..... do. do. Blue v i t r i o l . . . . ; . . . . . . . . - . ...... 4 cents per pourid. Calomel ..... . . . . . . . Ad valprem 15 per cent. Carbonate of soda ... --......... do. , do. CoiTOsive sublirnate.. .. . -...... dp. do. . Combs : .......... do. , do. Copperas - $2 per cwt. Indigo - - ............. Ad valorem 15 per cent. Nitrate of lead ,,..•....,.. . . do.. . 12^ do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 129 E-—Continued. Articles enumerated. Lead, red, d r y . . . . . . . . . white,.dry..............' red,- grpund in oil . white, ground in oil. 1 sugar o f . . . . . . . . . - -. Manganese . . ..... Sulphate of magnesia .. -, Potash, bichrorhate . - . chromate -. •. -.. . ^ prussiate . . . . . . . . . .. . Salts, glauber .•......• .. Rochelle...-...-" .'. . . Sulphate pf quinine.. _.;: .,. Saltpetre, ' r e f i n e d . . . : . . . . - . , 1 . . , Cocoa . . . . . . . • - , . V l . ..... Almonds. - ....... .•: Currants . . . .. . ' - • . . . . . . . . . . . Prunes ..,.,...: Figs_.:.^...—................ Raisins, in jars or b o x e s . . . . all others .........-., Pepper, black........ ^ . . . . . . . . .„.. Ginger . . . . . . . . . .„ Mace... ....... Nutmegs ,...........; .. Cinnamori '...;. Cassia'1 _.........",...... Cloves ,.... Pimento, .J :........ , Camphor ... Quills, prepared .-.......-...., Tin, in ^plates .'.•...--:. ., . sheets ......."... .. Maxble, urimanufactured..---.-. Capers ------ -.....-•Coral. - . . . . . . . . . . 1 . - . . - -... -... Dates -....-.-, . F i l b e r t s . - . . . . . . . . .^.,..........; Filtering-'stones ; ..... Frankincense .-....-, Grapes — ---...., Nuts of all kinds ..; . . •..•, Olives -----Tinfofl-^ -.. ....:... Lemons. -.....•..«..., «... VOL. V,—9. Hates of duty. ,5 cents per pound. . do. do. do. . do. Ad valorem 12 J per cent.i 4. cents per pound. Ad valprem 12^ per cent. . d o . . . . do. • do. . do. 2 cents per pound. Ad valorem 15 per cent. , . do.. . do. 3 cents per pound. ' Ad valorem 20 per ceht. do.:. do. do. do. do. do. • do. do. , do/ ; do. .do. do. •do. do. do. . • d o . do. do. do,.. - do. do.. . . . d o . do. . -.do. do. do; do. . do. do. do. do.. - do. do.. . do. do. ... do. do. . do. -do. . , . do. do;, do. do. . do. do. . do. do. do. . d o . . • • do.' do. do. do. do. do.. do. do. do. do. do. R E P O R T S OF T H E 130 ' E^—Continued." Rates of duty. • Articles enumerated. Limes'1 ...::^ . . : .•...>.'.•...-....',....[ .....-. Pineapples . . . . . . . . \ v.-:...........'...-. Cocoanuts .. " -.' .... . . - . . • . . : . ' . . . Shells.,.. •,....-•-.- - . . . . - . . . . . ; - . . . . . : . : . . ' . : . Oilof c l o v e s . . . . . . . . . : , . ' . . . . > . . . . - . -'- Strings for musical iristruments- .*-.- - - - - • _ - . . P i n s . . . * . - . • • . . : • . -. j > . . . . . .^i...:. ..•••:.•..•. Brazil paste . I . - . - . . : . . . . . . . . Rosewood.......'-.'..... .i Satin wood*.. , * . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . - . Mahogany....-. -:.. - - - - - . . . ' . - • ........ . , . . - . -..... .. , . - - . . . . . . --. Tea-'..".....:.;: • . - . . . ' : . : . - . . . . . . . . . . ' : . . . . ' . . - . . C o f f e e . : . . . . _ : . . . . " - , . . . . . . . . , . . . : . ! . . . . .^ Paintings, the production of American artists . abroad. - , - . : - • . - . :^ . . . . - • . . . . . . . . . • -.•. Statuary, do. ' -do. ;. d o . . . - . All articles importedfor the useof United States The- follpwing articles, when specifically irnp o r t e d b y order and for the.use of any society, &Ci, Or for the use of any college, academy, &c., in the United States:-— Philosophical apparatus . . . . - - - - . . .,.. Instruments . .............. Books . . - /. .. . Maps.-- - - . . . . . .-•. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -... Charts.. - - J - -. - -................. Statues . '----. -. .\.'.. ....:.... Busts of marble.. .....' . . ' . . ..-_-bronze -...- - . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . _ /alabaster . ------ — - - -. . plaster of Paris..-. ,-.-.C a s t s . . . -•. ... - - - . . - , -. Paintings , - - ........................., Drawings ..->.-- --- .1 Engravings. --.-•- - . - -. ,, .-. Specimens of sculpture :,:. ... Cabinets of coins. . . . . . . . ......... gema..----. ...... •....-.. medals,^ -. Collections, all, of antiquity- - . . . 1 . . .-., Statuary, collections of. . - -.,. ... Modelling, do- - .... Painting, do ...... ..... Drawing, do. ..,...-..... .„... EtchiAg, do.. ...... .... [1845. Ld.valore m20per( • do. do.. do. -do. . do. do. do. do. .. do. do. . do* do. do. do. . do. do. do. do. do. Free, do. do. . do. do. . •.do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.^ do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. i845.] ., S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. E-^—Continued* Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Engraving, c o l l e c t i o n s ' o f . . . . . > . , , . . ' ^ . . . . . . . . Natural history, specimerisin ... - . 1 -.-.- - . . - , Mineralogy, specimens in. ->-.-.>.-.,- ......... Botany, do. ..: ...-.. - . - - , . - . . Anatomical preparations...... - . . . . . ... Models of machinery. : - -.. - . - . . -. - - -. - . . . . . . inventioris ............... I . . . . . . . Plants.... - . ..;.-^.-—.--U ..•^.......;'--.: •.. Trees-'. ..:..........'......... Apparel, wearing, iri actual* use. - . . . . -: " Baggage, personal^ . do. . . . . - , - . - , -:.,..'.. Implements- of trade of persons arriving in" the ' United States . - - , , . - . - . - . ^ ^ . - , > . . . ' . . . . . Tools of trade . db. do. - - d o — Aritimony, crude - , . , - - . . , . . - . . , L..:...— . regulus of---..-:..-,--,.'..-....;.-Ariimals imported for breed ...,.-...... Argol, - - -L1 - - -...-•-'................. ^ . Araliic gum . , fi,;.. - , . - , - -.,-......... Aloes^-- -..- - -. — . - - -- ^.-.. ..w.-'-.-.-- .-....-,.. Ambergris . - --,- - , . . . - ---,--.,.,..--.:. Arnieniari bole . -..- / - --.: -— - - . . Arrow root. - . - ...^''. — ....-.— --.--..,.--,.-- — Annatto,-........ ^.... -:——-. Aniseed - - - - - y....... --.,.......,..-..,...-.. ' ^oil o f . . . - . V . - j . ^ - - - - . .—,-.-.,.. Amber . . . . . . . . . L - . . . . . . . . . --..-.,.- -.>.l,..-.-. - . Assafoetida,•. -.- -^ •.., - -. -- . . . . . . Ava r o o t . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . / , . . , . , L.. Alcornoqui i ........,-...........—.....:... ^ Alba c a n e l l a . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....,...,.... Cork tree, bark of,.urimanufactured.......-.: ... Burr stPnes, u n w r o u g h t . . . . . . : . . . . . . , . .......... Brassy in pigs. - - . . . : - . . ' . -....-.,.....-.:......... . old, fit orily to be rema.nufactured.. - Brimstone, or sulphur : -.. -..".... .... 1... • . . . Barilla . .-..:.................^-..:.....:. Brazilletto. - - - - - - , . 1..... .. -^.,-. ............ Boracic a c i d . . - . .,1 - - ...,.,.... .Burgundy pitch ........ —:.-.-.:„.--....,,„.,.,,.. Berries used fP'r dyeing............................ Smalts..............l:^ ..,,...... , ..,.:-.. Lastings used in the: manufacture ..of buttons and shoes .. -.: ^.,...,.-,...,.,...........:.... Firee* do. do.. . .do.- = do. do., . do. do. do. -do. -.do.. do. -do. ' do:.. do. . vdo.., dor: - do., do. . do.: . do.. . do. do. : do. . Ao. - ^o., -do. . do. -do. do. do.do,. doc -do. doi' do. . da. do. do. - do.' do. do.. do. Ao, 131 [1845: R E P O R T S OF T H E 132 E—Continued. .Articles enumerated. Prunella used in the inanufacture of shoes.-,. Vanilla beans . . . . . . - -.- - - , . -. .- - . Balsam tolu . . . . . . . . . . ....... i....:. Coins of gold ...,.. ;.,;-...-,......---.-.-... silver ...: ;. .... . . -..,..,.. Bullion . . . . . . . : . . . : . - . - . . . . . . . : . — .. Clay, unwrought....-'.....-....'...,........... .„.::.. Copper, in any shape, fbr the use ofthe Mint. Copper in pigs : . -..........,.......,.... plates..:... .. ,.. -.,-.... plates or sheets, of which it is the material of chief value, suited .to the sheathing of ships.. - . -..' ...i — : - - -. old, fit only to be. remanufactured Lapis calaminaris.-..>... . •-..-..-...,. Cochineal. -.-. . - . . . . . . ,....,-.......... J. Chamomile flowers .. ..... / .,. ..-. Coriander s e e d . . . - -- . . -.. -. .,, Catsup - -,.-.-:.. -.-.,..-. Cantharides - - . « — - -...--- - --.--.,...... Castanas.. --..--..-....... .... Chalk . . - . ' - . . . . -,....•: ^ . . . .^.................... Cocculus indicus . . .-.r. .«,-.. .-.,.. Colombo r o o t . . - - . , - - — -.--.-. Cummin-seed -...> ,.Cascarilla - - -. - , - -.-.-.--.-:-... Cream of tartar. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - , - - -. . Vegetables used principally in dyeing...: .. Nuts, of all kinds,, do. . . do. •-.-. Lac dye . . . . . . . -.. ... ..-. Emery ..- -- .-.'•.:. Epaulets, of g o l d . . . . . . . . . ........ ,-„.. silver,..... ...,.., - , • Wings, of g o l d . . . - -• ..-..-.,., -... silver..,-... ............. j. Furs, undressed, of all kinds.., -..\Flaxseed L.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Linseed .:.. - .......... Flax, unmanufactured Fustic -....,. ^ ...,. Ground flint ..-•... Grindstpnes . . ..Iv^ J- „... ..... . .. ^ , . i.'.. . w . . . ; : . . Rate (!#duty. Free. do. do. . do. do. do.. do. .do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do.. do., do. do. . do. .. do.. , do., do. . .do., do. . •do., do. . .do. . :do.. .do. . do. : do. . do... .do... do. do. do. :. do... do.do. do. . do.;. do. do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. E-—Contiriued. ., '' Articles enumerated. Hides, raw . . . . . . . -..,-. . ,.. H e m l o c k . . . . . . - -- - - . - -... .... Henbane..... - - - . . . . . . - - . . - . . - - - .. Horn plates, for l a n t e r n s . . . — . . . . . . . . . . . Ox horns. . Horris, other., ,. Oil, Harlaem. . Hartshorn. , Hair, unmanufactured. — . . . . . . . . — • • . . . . Hair p e n c i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..—... Ipecacuanha. ... Ivory, u r i m a n u f a c t u r e d . . , . . . ; . . . . - - - . . . . Iris root .. . • } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... Juniper b e r r i e s . . . . - . .... Oil ofjuniper -• Kelp-.-,---.....-...-,...--. Kermes .-. ,-..:.:..!....... Madder .. Madder root^. ..,... ...... Musk -'j^...'. -'-....., Manna .-^. -- -.. Marrow. , -,*-...... . Soap, stocks --'------.— . stuffs fi..: . . . - --- - - - - -. Palrn oil ------..-,.. Mohair . . . .. -•.... . Mother-of-pearr.. . Needles -..-....-. Nux vomica , Orris r o o t . . . - - ........ Oil of almonds Opium "......... Palm leaf. ..:, .......... Platina..... , Peruvian bark .• 1...... Pewter, old, fit only to be remanufactured. Plaster of P a r i s . . J . -. Quicksilver..... ... ........... Rags of any kind of c l o t h . . . . . India r u b b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --- Reeds, unmanufactured -.. - - Rhubarb ---.Rottenstone . Elephants' teeth. Animals, other, teeth of. do, -do, . do. - do. db. do. do. do. do. do. .do; do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 133 REPORTS O F T H E 134 E-^Gontiriued. -Articles eniimerated. Polishing stones.--.-......:.-..—.. .....,.....:..... Bristles ........].:.. .. :-..........: Ratans, unrnanufactured. ....-.. .- -.. Skins,raw -.......-,-.-_...,. . . -,.. Skins, undressed . .>. . • . . . . - . . . . - - . - . . , . ' - - - - . Spelter . . . . . . - . fi . . . . . . . .-,--,... Saltpetre, c r u d e . . . . ^ . , .,. ....:..,,,...-. Gum Senegal •. ,•- - - -.'... -^........ Saffion ... ^.:.....-:....,. ...:... Shellac --.,...... -•-..-•-'.. '...'... Soda a s h . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•...-...-.-.-,.Sponges -......-.-,-,- -..^^.....-.-•. -,-,Sarsaparilla -"... i..;.... '.......,,-....,.. Senna. . . . . . . . . . .-^. i . . . . . . . . . . . . : . ^ . . . . .: Sumac J... -.-,,--- . ' . . . . '.^:... Tapioca.... . — . . . . ) . .... .^:.... ^ . . . . . . . . . . . Taniarinds . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . ..........-,...... Tartar, crude. — . . . . . , . . . •.... • . . , , , , . . . Tortoise s h e l l . . . - . . - . . . . . . , . . . : . . , • . . . .^ .Turmeric , - , - . - - - . , ..., . -.-..,,--, Weld.-.-........-.-.-.,--..-,-:,-...:.. Woad, or p a s t e l . . . . . . . . . . . . , ....,,.,,, . Brazil wood .•: ^ . . . . . . . . . . . : . . , . . . . , . . . . . Nicaragua w o o d . . , . - . . . , . . . . . - , -...... Red wpod ... .fi....,,. . . . . -..- - - - . . , Camwood .--..., ..' -..;.',.-. Logwood. - - _ . . . _.-,... - - , . - • , . - , . . - . . - , - - - Dye-woods of all kinds.-... - - -. .1, . . -,.., - - . Woods, unrrianufactured, of any kind ....-. Whale oil, of American f i s h e r i e s , , . . . . . . . . . . . Other fish oil, . do. . . -• - - . . - . , , - , . . . . . . Articles, other, produce of'American' fisheries -Zinc :,..-..:.. -........^-,.1..- Wool, unmanufactured, the value .whereof, atthe place of exportatipn, shall ribt exceed eight cents per p p u n d . . . . . . , : . . . - • , : . . . . . [1845. 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 135 E—Contiriued. . V 1842,'AUOUST 30. ' ' , ". To provide^ revenue.firom imports, and to change and modifiy existing laws imposing dtities on inipoi'ts,.and fior other purposes. . Articles enunierated. iElates of duty. Wo.ol, coarse, costing 7 cents per ppund and under ..;..,,....,, Ad valorem 5 per cent. ( Ad valorem 30 per ct., all other unmanufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . ( and 3 cents per pound. rnanufactures of, except carpetings, &c. Ad valorem 40 per cent. Carpets' and carpeting, W i l t o n , . , . . - . . . - . . . 65 cents per square yard, do.' Saxony . . - - . . . . . . . - 65 do. treble ingrain ; ! , - ; . . , . Q5 do. A u b u s s o n . . . . , . , , . . , 65 dp. •, • Brussels . . ^ . . . . . . . . . 55 do. T u r k e y . . . . . . . . . . . •. 55--' do. Venitian . . . . . . . . . . , , . 30 do. . ;. / other i n g r a i n . . . . .^ ... 30 pf w : o o l . . . . . ; , . , . . . . Ad v^lQ^sm 30 per cent. do. do. ofhernp.,.-.....:,. do. • do. , offiax;. .^^ . . . ' . . : . . . . do. •" pf cottpri . . , . . . , . . . . . do; Blankets, riot exceeding 75 cents each , , , . . . . do. 15 do. . . do.. ,25 do. all others - . . . i.... - . . . . . . . . . Worsted, all not s p e c i f i e d . . . . . , , , . . . . . . . , . . . . . do. 30 do. , 40 do. do. Hearth rugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yarn, woolen ----............. do. 30 do.. worsted ,.. . . . . ...'........-........ do. do, Woolen and. wor sted n i i t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^...;. do; do. gloves . . . . . , . . . . : . . , . . .do: do.« caps and binding .. ... do. do. do. . hosiery . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : do. Flannels, except cotton . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 cents per square yard. Bockings arid baizes . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H , : , do Coach laces . . . . . v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . Advalorem 35 percent. Goat's hair, or• mohair ......... . , . , . . 1 cent pef pound. Goat's.hair,' or mohair, manufactures of......... Ad valorem 20 per cent. Clothing, ready made, by tailors, &c..'..'. do. 50 do. by hand in part pr wholly 40 do. do. Thread laces, and insertirig . . ^ . . . . 1. .-.-•do.. 15 • d o . Trimming l a c e s . . , . . . . . . . , - , . - . . . - . . - . . , . , do. 20 do.. Bobbinet laces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,*. • . d o . . : . .20 do. Laces of gPld or s i l y e r . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . 1 ^.,. , do.- -15 do. 20 do. Articles embroidered. .............,.,. :'vdo. , Clothing, e m b r o i d e r e d . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >, do,. 50 • d o . Cotton, unmanufactured . '. ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 cents per pound. [1845. REPORTS OF THE 136 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Advalorem 30 per cent. Cotton, rnanufactures of, not specified ' (a) not dyed, not exceeding 20 cents per sqr. '^ . yard, shall be valued do. do. at.20 cents . . . - . - . . if dyed, not exceeding . - 3 0 cents per square' . yard, shall be yalued do. do. a>t 30 cents ... • if dyed, not exceeding -35 cents per square yard, shall be valued do. do. -' at 35 cents . •.. - - . . Cotton twist, yarn, and t h r e a d . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. (i) uncolored, less than 60 cents per pound, shall be valued at dp. 25 do. 60 cents per pound . . : . colored, less than 75 cents per fi:: pound, shall be valued at 75 ; '. cents per p o u n d . . . . . . . . do. do. Silk, manufaotures of, not s p e c i f i e d . . . . . . . . . $2 50 perpound of 16 oz. bolting c l o t h s . . . . . . . . . . : . . . Advalorem 20 per cent. mariufactures of, mixed with gold, silver. ' or other'metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. - 30 do. sewing silk . . . . . . ^ . . . . . ..... $2 per pound of 16 oz. silk twist . . . .• - . . . . . . . . . . . . - •.. $2 do. do. twist of silk and mohair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %2 do. do. , pongee and plain silk .... . . . . . . $1 50 do. do. floss. silk, purified from gum, dyed and prepared for manufacture Advalorem 25 per cent. raw silk, comprehending all- silks - in the gum, whether in. hanks, reeled, or otherwise..'..:. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 cts.perpound of 16 ozuriibrellas, para^sols, and sun-shades..-.. Advalorem 3.0 per cent. silk or satin shoes or slippers, for men or women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 cents per pair. • silk or satin boots or bootees^ fPr men or - • women • • . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . , . . . . 75 do. silk or satin shoes for c h i l d r e n . . . . . . . . . 15 do. -do. boots or.bootees for children' 25 men's silk hats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •... •Sl each. . silk or satin hats or bonnets for women., %2 do. ; . • silk shirts or drawers, whether made up. wholly or in part -. — . ' . . . ..•.-.. -... -. Advalorem 40percent. caps, for w o m e n . . . . . . . . . . . . . -... - -.. •. -. do. 30 do. V i -•m \ -\-^ • 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 137' E.^—Continiied. Articles enumerated; Rates of duty. Silk turbans, for women. - . . - . - — - -. - - - - - ' ornamerits for head-dress - - - - - - - - - - - - v aprons :... .>. , . . . . - - . - . ^ - v. collars : ...-..•..-.. - - . . . . . . . . ^ caps, cuffs, braids, curls, frizettes . - . . . -:. • chemisettes - - - - - - - - - - - -. mantiUas --.. ..:.. . pellerines, and all other articles of silk made up by hand in whole or in part, and not otherwise provided for ... Hemp, unmanufactured. - - - . . . . . . . . . . 1 — .Manilla, sunn, and -other hemp of India, &c.. ..-.. .-...'.' - used for cordage (sisal grass, coir) , cordilla, or tow of hemp . - . . - . -., tarred cables and cordage.. - - — r - - untarred cordage. yarn......:. yarn,, twine, and p a c k t h r e a d . . . . . . . . . seines. ..-. . ................... cotton bagging . , . -------.. - . . - . . , — . gunny cloth — sail duck. -.. Russia sheetings. .-....... -1.-... manufactures Pf, not specified... - - . . Flax, u n m a n u f a c t u r e d . . . - . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = hnens....... 1 . . . . . . . . . . : . . : . . . . . . manufactures of, not s p e c i f i e d . . . . . . . . grass cloth.. - . . - \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil cloth, for fioors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . furniture, made of Canton or cotton flannel. ^ ................. furniture, other kinds - - - . . . - . of linen, silk, or other m a t e r i a l . . . . . medicated oil c l o t h . . . , . - . - - . . . - : Floor m a t t i n g - . . : . ...:.. Iron, in bars or bolts, not- manufactured in whole or in part by rolling. . . . : . . . . iri bars or bolts, wholly or in part manufactured by r o l h n g i . . ' . . . . . . . . . . - . . in slabs, blooms, &c., except castings.^ railroad i r o n . . . . . . . . . . .... .... pig iron. .':,..,..-.-.•-•.--.-.'.•..--^-•.-.• vessels of irori cast, not specified: — . . castings of iron, not otherwise specified. Ad valorern 30 per cent, - do, . do. do. do. do. do. do. • do. do. , do. do. do. do;. $40 per ton. do. $25 do. do. ^— . d o . 5 cents per pound. 4i do. 6 do. " 6 do. . 7 do.; 4 cents per sq. yard. 5 do. 7 • do. Advalorem 25 per cent do. 20 do. . $20 per ton. Ad valorem 25 per cent do. • do. do. \ do. 35 cerits per sq. yard. 16 do. dp. 10 do. do. 12 J do. do. 12J do. do: Ad valorem 25 per cent, $17 per ton. per ton. do. . . . do; $9 per ton. IJ cent, per pound. 1 do. R E P O R T S OF T H E 138 [1845. E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Iron, glazed and tinned hollow ware and castings. ........ .... - -.,..... sad i r o n s . . - . ; , - - - - - . . . . . . - . ..-... • -hatters' arid tailors' i r o n s . . . . . . . -cast-iron butts - , . , . - . . . - - . . . - : - , . , . . iron and steel wire, not exceeding No. 1.4 over 14 and not ex. •. • ceeding No. 2 5 . . . , over.No.25.---.-.Silvered or plated wire ,.......,^. Brass or copper w i r e . . . . . . : • . . , • . . . . .... Cap or bonnet wire, covered with s i l k . . . . , . . . . do., cptton thread or , . other niaterial Round or square iron, or braziers' rpds of 3-16 to 10-16 of an inch in d i a m e t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . Nail or spike rods. Nail plates, slit, rolled, or h a m m e r e d . . . . . . . . Iron in sheets.. ..> -->;-- -. .- - - . - -U^: Hoop i r o n . . , . . . . . - - ; - . . . . . . . . . -, - - - - . - . Sht, rolled^ or hammered, >for band i r o n . . . . . Scroll iron, or casement r o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Iron cables or c h a i n s . . . - - . - . . - - - , - , — - - . parts thereof-- -.... Other chains of iron, not specified.-- - - . . . . . . Anchors,.or parts thereof, .---.- - -.-- - - Anvils. -,. - . - - - - • -,.- -.. - -. .... -.. Blacksmiths' hammers and s l e d g e s . . . . . . - . . . , Iron spikes, cut or wrought ---.--. Cut-irpn, nail.s- - - - . - . - . - . . - - - - " ------.,. Wrought-iron n a i l s . . . . . . . - - - : , , . . . . . . . . . . . , Axletrees, or parts thereof... - - . . . . - . - . . . . . Mill ..irons and mill cranks .............. . Wrought iron for ships, locomotives, and steam eiigines .. -•-}•,-.--.- - - - - -- - - -% Chains,.other than-chain cables.. 1 . . . . . . . . . MEilleable iron in caatihgs -.. -.,-.. . -. Steam, gas, or water t u b e s . ' . . . --- -.,. - . . . . , Mill saws . . . -•- - - -----'.'... . . - - , . Cross-cut saws.. ..'...-*- . . . ; "........ Pit saws . . v.. . . . . . . . . . -.-•- .J .. Tacks, not exceeding 16 ounces to the thqu-^ sand... ......., ............ exceeding 16 ounces to the thousand.. Taggers' iron. . - . ^ . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . ' . . . . . . Rates of duty. 2J cents per pound. .do. dp. do. do. do. do. 5 do. : do. 8 do. do. 11: do.: do.^ Ad valorem 30 per cent, dp, 25 per-cent 12 cents per pound. 8 do. do. do. 2J do. do. :d0. .'do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. ^ do. do. do. do. do. do. Ad valorem 30 percent. 2J cents per ppund do. do. • do. -' ° do. 3 do;, do. (Jo. do, 4. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. . do. do. 5 do. $leach. do. ; do. do. do. do. do. 5 cents per thousand. 5 cents per pound. Ad valorem 5 per cent. 1845.] , S E C R E T A R Y OF. T H E TREASURY. 139 E-—Continued. •Articles enumerated. Rates 0: 'duty. Old, or scrap iron, - - . . . , . . . . . , - . . : . . - - . . $10 per ton. •Muskets.,^...'...'. ,,•.•..-•-.-•..:- - - .r................ 1 50 per stand. Rifles . . . . . . . . , - ^ . . . - . . . I ' J . . . . . . . . , . . . 2 ' 5 0 each. • A x e s . . . . -.,-:-.. - - -- - . . ' . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorgm 30 per cept. -Adzes . , . - . . - - - . -^- - . - . - . - - ..> .... ,. do. do. do. Hatchets'..--,^^,:..,-............ ..^. . •• d o . ' • do.= do. Plane irons. - - -.....-- -% --•- - . , . . . . 1 . . . . . . . do. •• Socket c h i s e l s . . . . : - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : • . - . . . . / . - d o . do. do. . do. Drawing k n i v e s . . . . . . - J. J-.. . , .,•- -.. - . - -. : do. • Cutting k n i v e s . . . . . . . . . . . . v....'.:....-.....'-,_ - .. • do. .. . do. do-. , Sickles, or reapirighooks.,.. -,.,-' - -.-.. - . . . - • .do. " . Scythes-. ^ . . . ; , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . J . . do, do. ' Spades . .",>.>. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do-. do. ' • Shovels....:.........,..................... do. .. d o . ' . Squares, of ironror.steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..',' . do. do. , Plated or pohshed.steel s a l d d l e r y . . . . . . . - - . . do. ' do. Brass s a d d l e r y . . . . . . , . . . . . . . ' . . . . . , . , . . • . . . - . . do. .." do. Coach, and. harness furniture, pf all descript i p r j s . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - . - . . . . . . .1 -^ . . . . . . • do. -do• Steelyards . . . . . ; . - . - . . . . . . . . . . , , , . . . . : . . • do. do. . • Scalerbeams.......'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . do.. do. All fire-arms other.thari rnuskets or r i f l e s . . . . ,do. do. Side-arms. ^ - - - - - - - -:- - - ^ . do. doi -. ; Square iron, for umbrella' stretchers. . . . . . . . . . • do. • l S | d o . WoQd-s'crews, of iron. . . -. - > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 12 cents per pourid All other screws;ript ^specified. . : Advalorem 3.0 per cent Brass . screws...".. .."... . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 30 cerits per* ppund. Sheet and rolled, brass. . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . ' . Ad valorem 3.0 per cent. Brass -cutlery or hammered kettles. . . . . . . . . t. 1*2 cents per.pouhd. Steel, cast, shear or German,'in bars. . . . . . . . Sl*50per 112. lbs. all other in bars, . . : . . - - . . ' - . : . . . .$2 50 do. . Solid-headedpins, and all other package pins not exceeding 5,000 to" the package of 12 papers. .-.':...... . . . . . . J 40 cents per pack. Pound pins . . . . . . - . : . . . . , . : . 20 cents per pound. Needles, sewing, tambouring, darning, netting, . . and knitting.•.. ••..... > . . . . . . . - - - - . ' Ad valorem 20 per cent all other kinds.... .do. do. Saddlery, common, tinned, and j a p a n n e d l . . - . do. •do. Japanned ware^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . : . . , : . do. 30 do. Plated and gilt ware of allkinds. . . - . . . . . . . . . . do. • do. •Cutlery, of all kinds . . . • . . , . . . ....: do.. do. Manufactures of brass, iron, steel lead, copper, pewter, or tin not specified. . ; . ; . , . . . -. do. do. 140 [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Lead, in pigs and b a r s , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . , . 3 cents per pound. . old scrap . ^ . : I ... ^ . . . . . . v - . ^ . . . . . i 1J cent per pound. Lead, pipes . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . . • . . . . . -.. .4 cents per pound. do. in sheets . . . . . . ....-.'.. .-.-...... 4 S h o t . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . : : . . . : . . . . . . •4. do. Type rnetal and stereot3^pe plates.-. . . . . - . . . - Ad volorem 25 per cent. Types, new or old. - ^ . . . . . . . - - -. do. do. Copper bottoms, cut r o u n d . . . . . .. - - -... do. 30-do. do. - do. round at the edge. ...... Still-bottoms, cut round,, and turned up o.n edge do. do. < Copper plates or sheets, weighing more than 34 oz. to the square f o o t . . . . do. : do. ^' Copper rods and bolts -.--.. . . . . . . . . - 4 cents per pound. do. nails and spikes..-•- - . . . . . . . . . . . . -.. i 4 do. Patent sheathing metal. . . " . . . , . . . . . . . - . . . . . . 2 Tin," in pigs, bars, or blocks.,..-...-.-..Ad valorem 1 per cent, •'in plates or sheets. ...-•----....-.-. dp; . 2J do. . term plates . . . . . . . . . , -.. do. do. . ta2;gers' iron .... doi do. fbil..-.•....;...:.,...:.-.....-.---.--.do. -...-••••'dp. Silver plated metal, in sheets. •_. .^ . . . * - . . . do". 30 do. Argentine, alabata, or German s i l v e r . . . . . . . . do. do. Bellmetal •...-... ........ o . . do. ' Zinc . ...-..-...:.-:.....-.. -....-. do. do. Bronze :-...-....•........ do. do. Zinc in sheets.! .... -....... .'...do. 10 do. Bronze p o w d e r . . . . . . . . . " . . - . . . . . . . . • do. 20 do. liquor . .........." do. do. Iron liquor.'-... ...-.-.-.. ..--.'... do. do. Red liquor... .'..'.•... do. . do. Sepia.-....--•. ............... do. do. C o a l . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . : . : . . . . . : . . . . . . : $1 75 per ton. Coke, or culm of coal 5 cents per bushel. Glass: On all vessels or wares, articles arid .' manufactures of cut glass, when thecutting on the. article does not exceed one-third the height or length thereof. ^ 25 cents per pound. Exceeding one-third, and not one-half the same., •'.. . .-.. . . . . . . . . . . • 35 . do. One-half the length thereof. . . . . . . 45 do. Cut-glass" chandeliers, candlesticks, lustres, lenses, lamps, prisms, and . .parts of the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 do. 'On all drops, icicles, spangles, arid ornaments,, used for m o u n t i n g s . . . . 45 / do. 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, 141 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty.. Glass: All articles of plain, mpulded, or pressed ' glass, weighing over 8 o z . . . i . , . 10 cents per pound. weighing 8 oz.pr u n d e r . . . . . . . 12 cents per pound. do. Plain, mpulded, or pressed tumblers. 10 On all plain, moulded, or pressed. . ; when stoppered, or the bottoms do,' grpund. , . . . ; . . - - - . - - . . . . - . , - - 14" , . apothecaries' yials and bottles, not exceeding the capacityof 6 oz. each. $1 75 per gross. . apothecaries'vials and bpttles, exceeddo.ing 6 oz., and not exceeding 16 oz. •,$2 25 V . perfumery and fancy vials, uncut, riot do. exeeeding 4 oz. 'each . . . - - . - $2 50 perfumery and fancy. vials,.^ uncut, ex:^ .^ceeding 4 oz., and not exceeding 16 oz., e a c h . . . . . . . . . . ; . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . $3 00 . dp. • black or green bottles and jars, exceedj/ . , ;ing 8 oz., and not excee.ding 1 quart $3 00 • ; d o . black or green bottles.and jars, exceeddo. . • . . ' ing .1 quart...-^..,...---.-,...-..,.... .$4.-00 . demijohns and carboys, of^ gallon or | dess...... ...........^..................-." 15. cents each. ' • demijohns and carbpj^s, exceeding i 1 ' • gallon, and not ex.ceedirig 3 gallons./ 3 0 . '• d o . ,, , vderiiijohns and car.boy.s, exceeding 3 „ . gallons - - . - . . . . . - . . - - . . . . - - . . ,- 50 • do. . .window, cylinder or brpad, not exceed2 cents per .square foot. ing 8 by 10 inches. -. ......... .• . abpve that, and not exceeding 10 by 12 iriches.. . . : 2 i dp. •; ,do. above that,, arid npt exceeding .1^ by 10 i n c h e s . . . . . . . . .^. ;3J do. do. . . . • .-. ^ above that, and.not exceeding 16 by 11 i n c h e s . , . . - . . ; . - . 4 do. . do. • above that,, and not exceeding ,5 do.. do. 18. by 12 inches-. do. above 18 by 12 inches"..... . e do. - crown, not exceeding. 8. by 3J do. do. 10. inches . . ... above that, and-not exceeding 5 do. . do. 10 by 12 inches.............. above that, and npt .exceeding • do. '. 14 by 10. inches....,.,.,. . . . . 6 do. ' -1 above that, and not exceeding do. ; 16 "by 11 i n c h e s . . , . . . : . . . 7 do. J • • [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E 142 E—Continued. Rates, of duty. Articles enumerated. . Glass: Window, above that,- and not exiceediiig . • 18 by 12 inches. . . . . . : . . crown, all exceeding 18 by' • 12 inches . . . . . . . . . - - . . ; . • : plate glass polished, riot-silvered,-and not exceeding 12 -by S inches above that, and not exceeding , " 1 ^ by 10 inches-.\ . . . . : . . . above that, arid, not exceeding 1,6 by 11 inches! - - , - . . 1 . . above that, arid riot exceeding^ 18'. by 12 inches. -• - - - •.. .... above that, and not exceeding 22 by 14 inches. - . . - - . . . . . All above 22 by 14 i r i c h e s . . . . plate gl ass; polished and silvered .^... plate.glas.s, polished arid framed..v. . porcelain . : . ' . - . . . . . . . . . - . . , . . . i . . . . . . - colored-.:---..-..:... ....,.•...:-.. paintings on glass. . . - - -•-•.-.. . . .• Airarticles of glass not specified, cPri^ nected with other m a t e r i a l s . . - - - - . China ' w a r e . . . . - • . . . . - - . - . . , - : . . . . . . , . . . ' . Porcelain w a r e . . . . - , - - . . . . . . . . , 1 . - . . . . ...:. Earthen ware, - - - -.".... ---,'..-..-. ..'....•...:. Stone w a r e . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . Other wares, not s p e c i f i e d . ; . . . . . . . . . .i - . . ; . . . . Leather, tanned,-sole or;bend.-.•..— . . - . . , . . . all upper, not other wise .specified.. •' .calf-skins*, tanned and dressed.,..'. i sheep-^kins, do.. ^ • ' d o . ' - . , . . . .• • skivers . .•. . . ^ . . . . . . . . .,..•.'. -••-.'. _••. , .;•. goat skins, tanned,arid d r e s s e d . . . . , . morocco, dp. do.-".•--.. , ; -kid skins,, do. do...'-'--morocco, do. .»' - dpi. . . . - ^ gpat and §heep.skins,, tanned, arid riot dfessed . . . , . . . . . . . . : ...fi . . . . . . . . • on all kid and lamb skins, tanned and f not d r e s s e d . . . . . . . . . - •...;....*.':... chamois s k i n s . . . . . ! . . . . . ' - . . . . . . . . . Men's boots.,and b ' o o t e e s . . " . . • . . . . . : . : . - . . . . . Men's shoes or pumps. /....,'-,.- -..- - . , , . . . . Women's boots arid b o o t e e s . . . . . ' . . . . . . . - . . . Children's boots arid.bootees,.arid shoes..-.-.. 8 cerits per square foot; 10 do. do. 5 do. do. ,7 do- do.. 8 do. do. 10 do- do. do.. 12 do. Ad valorem 30 per ct 50 do. do... do. 60 : do: do. . 3 0 do. do. do. do. do. .do. do. do. do. .... -do. do:- 25- do. 30 do. do. . do. do. • : ; . ' do. 6 dents per.lb. 8 cent's per lb. 15. 00 per dozen. $2 00 do. $2- OO- do. do. •IS SO do. • $ 2 . .SOdo. .$.•1 SO • do. f l 50 $1- 00 do. 75 cents do. do. • $ 1 00 • $ 1 25, per pair. 30 cents do. 50 cents do. 15 cents do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 143 E-—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. Womeri's dpubled-soled pumps or w e l t s . . . . •Women's shoes or slippers, except silk.. --/. Raw hides^ -: ... .'.'.i.. . f i . . . . . . . . On all skins, pickled and in casks, not specified. Men's leather gloves .............-..-.. Women's leather habit gloves. ...---... Children's leather habit g l o v e s . . - . : : . . . . . . . . . . Women's extra and demi-length g l o v e s . . - - - . . Children's extra and demi-length g l o v e s . . . . . Leather caps or hats.. -.,:..:.......;.. •Leather braces or s i i s p e n d e r s . . . . . ; - . . . . . . . . All other braces or suspenders, except cbm• posed of India r u b b e r . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leather b o t t l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ . . . Patent l e a t h e r . . . . . ...-.. . . . v . - . - . . . All other m^ariufactures of leather not specified. Furs of all kinds on the skin, undressed .. Furs of all kinds on the iskiri, dressed. ; • - : : . . Hatters' furs, dressed or undressed, not on the s k i r i . . . . . . . . i . y........ ............. 40 cerits per pair. * 25 cents per pair; Ad valorem 5 per cent. Ad valprerii 20 per cent, $1 25 per dozen. $1 per dozen. 50 cents per dozen.. $1 50 per dpzen. 75 cerits per dozen. Ad valorem 35 per Cent, do.. ' 'do. do. do. do. • do. do. do. -• . 5 25 do. do. do. do. do. r do. • do. do. Fur hats and all other articles not specified., 3S do. • do. Fur hat bodies, frames, or felts, not manufac25 do. tured. . . ' . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'do.Hats of w o o l . : . , . . . . . , . , . . . . : . . .....'. : 18 cents each. Hat bodies or felts rnade wholly or in part of do. d6. Hats and bonnets of any vegetable substance. Ad Valorem 35 per cent. ' . hair,, whalebone",, or other. do. niaterial not specified. do. . all flats, braids, and plats do. do. used fpr making sarne-. Feathfers and artificial flowers , . , . . . - . . . . . . • d o . • 25 do. Curls or braids of hair, & c . . . . . . . , . . . . . . - do. do. . Fans -of all d e s c r i p t i o r i s . . . . . . . . . . . : . . - . . . . . • do. do. Human hair, or otherwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. 10 do. ^ Hair cloth or s e a t i n g . . . , , . - : . , : " . . . . , - . . . . . ' . . do; -25 do. Hair belts and gloves ^ . . : . . . : . . . . . . - - - - - -' do. do. . Curled hair and moss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . : . . • do. -10 do..- . do. 25 do. Feathers for b e d s : . . . . . ; . - - . . . . . ' . • . . . . . . , . . . do. do.: Down of all kinds. . . . . . . : " . . . . . . : . . i . . . . -India rubber oil c l o t h . . . , . . . . . . : . . : - - . . , . : '. -do. ' 30 do.' do. do. webbirig. i . . . : . : : . ; . . . . . " . . do. do. shoes.............-.;---...'." •do. • (t) braces or s u s p e r i d e r s . . . . . do. other fabrics not specified... do. do. .•• ..- . R E P O R T S OF T H E 144 [1845. E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Clocks. Ad valorem 25 per cent, Glaziers' diamonds, when s e t . . . . , ,.... do. do. Ship.or box chronometers. do. 20 do. Watches, or parts of watches. , do. 7J do. Watch materials not specified do. do. •:^Ore diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . do. .. : . do. Watch crystals or .glasses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . ; per gross, Glass or pebbles for spectacles and eye-glasses. do. . ' Gems, pearls, or precipus stones . . . . . , . . , . . . Ad valorem 7 J per cent. do. Imitations thereof. .... .........-.-...... do. do. do. Cornpositions of glass pr p a s t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. Cameos, and imitations thereof. . . . -.-. . do. do. Mosaics.not specified... - r - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. 20 do. Jewelry of gold, silver, or platina.... ^ . . . . . . . do.. -do. Gold and silv'er leaf. . . . . . ' . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . • Gilt, pkted, or imitatiori l e a f . . . . . , . . . ' . .• i. do. ..25 do. Dutch metal of leaf.................., . . . . . . j . do. ., do. do. Scagliola table tops. L . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 30 do. Table tops of marble or composition, inlaid do. with precious s t o n e s . ' . . - . , . , . . . . . . . . . , . . do. do. • Table tops of various colored m a r b l e s . . . . . . do. do; do. Alabaster arid spar ornamerits . . . . . " . . . . . . , . . do. Manufactures of gold arid silvery not specified. do. Wood, manufactures of, not otherwise specido. do. ^ fied.............'._.......:..--. timber, to be used in building wharyes, do!" . 20 do. and firewood . '. ... rough boards, planks, staves, scantling, do. do. • and s a ^ e d lumber jiUot p l a n e d . . . . . . do. 15 do. rose, satin, maliogariy, and c e d a r . . . . . do. 30 do. Walking canes and s t i c k s . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . do. do. • Frames knd sticks for urnbrelias. . . . . . . . . . . v. do. do. • for.parasol^ and sun-shades.. db. do. Cabinet wares . . . . . . •.:: - . - - - - - - - - -. -.- r. do. do. Household furniture not otherwise specified.. doi . do. Musical instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .^.. . do. do. Carriages, and parts thereof. . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 15 do. do. Catgut, or whipgut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... do. do. • Catgut strings, or thread of similar materials. Marble unmanufactured, in the rough slab or do. 25 do. . block . . . . . . : do. 30 do. ., busts or statuary. . . . . ,......... do. do. All other mariufactures pf marble not specified. do. 25 do. Slates, of all Idnds. ............ .. do. do. Tavirig tiles and bricks.... . ^ . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. . 145 E—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Baskets of straw, grass, ozier, or w i l l o w . . . . , . Other manufactures of straw,.grass, ozier, .or willow, not s p e c i f i e d . , . . . : . . . » . . . . . . . , . . . . . . Wax, ariiber, or composition beads . , . . . . . . . All other beads, not enumerated , -,... Shell or,fancy boxes, not otherwise specified... Combs, for the hair . J....'.^........... ...-i,.,........... •Brushes and brooms . . . . . , . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bristles . . . J . . . . . — . . . . . . . - . . , - - - . : . ...•. - . Dolls and toys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-...:.- ,.... {d) Metal buttons, not exceeding, in .value $1, .and valued at that' price . . - : . ......,.,. All pther buttpris, and button moulds . . , , . - . - . Lastings, prunellas, and. similar fabrics, dn.. strips, not specified, for. manufacture of buttons, &c. . . . . . . . . - -.-.... ......... Mohair, figured arid satin,.for the same.-. --,-. Tortoise s h e l l . . . . . . . - , - , . . . - - - , . . , : , . - - , . ,-.. Ivory, or teeth of elephants,.unmanufactured.Horns and teeth . . - - - , - , - - , ............ .., Horn and bone 'tips . . -^-...,,.,..--;.... ..,...... White and red lead , . - . . , , . . . - . . .,-..----.Litharge . ' . , . . . . . . , . . : . ' . . . . . . .-c:...••. Acetate, or chromate of lead '. Whiting, br Paris white,"dry ...... inoil..... Ochres, or o.chry earths,.dry., in oil , -^^'' Sulphate of barytes. Liriseed o i l . . . . . . . . Hempseed o i l . . . . . . , .^........ Rapeseed o i l . , . . . . . Ad yalorem 25 per ct. Paper, bank, folio, and quarto-pbst,, of alLkinds letter and bank n o t e . . , : ; . . . • . . . , . . . , . . . . antiquarian ,.,.....^.. ^ ^ . . . . . ^ . . , , . . . . . , d e m y / . . . - . . ; . - . . . .,...•.v..^.•^- — ---'. drawing . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . • " : . . , . , , . . . . . - , . : : - ' ' . elepha;nt . . . . . . . . ' . .,..,.--...•..;-.^...., double elephant . .>;... ..:ii....—.,...,..... ^foolscap:....'..-'.. ..fi.^... > .... . . ^ . . 1 - . : . . . ; . imperial . , i . . . . . .u....^^ . . . . . . : . . . . , . .. medium ...,..:-.:-,.,::.^.,.. ........ L « * • JL/ILIJ. 1-^^ • • • • • • • • m • a • * s « « VOL. v.—10. . . t t ' o~ s o AaQ-t » 'e '.• «'*« f « • ' • • . « ' • ' A •.'••Q'^'o * o ao-tt'^e^no • O O o'tt e- o ». do.• do. do. do.do. do. do:. do. do. do. 30 do. do. 1 cent per pound. A d valorem 30 per ct. : do. do. Ad valorem 25 per ct. Ad valorem 5 per ct. do. dp.* <:do.. do. ..do. do. • do. ' do. . do. do. . 4. cents per pound. 4 do. 4 do. .1 . .do. IJ- . i do. • ' 1 • do. H do. i: ;do..: 25 cents per gallon. 25 ••.. d o . 25 : do. : .' .1$ cents, per pound. do. 17 17 do. 15 : do.^ 15 do. 15 . do. 15. do. i5: . do. 15 do. 15: .do.., 15. . do. iS do; 15 do. [1845. R E P O R T S OF T H E - 146 . • E—Continued. •• Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. P a p e r royal . . . . . . . ..^...... . . . , , . • . . . ' i . . . . . . '-super royal . - - . . : : . . . • . . . ' . . .....,•.-..: • writing.. . . . . : . . . ; . . , - . . . ' . . . — . . . - . . . . . . :. ." copper-plate '. . . . . . . . . i . -y.. . f i ^.-•,. i , 15 cents per pound. . 15 ^ do. 15 . do.1 2 ^ . ' :.\dd. .12 J ,::'d0. 12J .: do. 1 2 J ' : do. 12J; do. • . :U 1 2 i . . .do.. 12J do. 12i .do. I2I; do. 12I ,• \ do. 12i ..do." 12J do; 12i. Ao: blotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --,-.-1 - • ' copyirig.^-.-.:.-,.,--....:....-.,--. • colored, for labels -.- - . - . - . r--r •• ' needles. :..,-........ marblpj or faricy c o l o r e d . . — . . , . . glass ..,.--'-.,-•.--..;-,.... mprocco . - . - - . . . - - . . . . . . . - - - - - - . - - - , . . . • '•pasteboard...-..,---.---,---^.... pre-ssing .board - -; - - — . . . . . . . . . , . . . . • sand . -. . . . . . - , . - . . -.. tissue . . . . - -:..'. - - - . , . . . . . . . , ^. gold or silver, in iSheets or strips . . , . . , . . colored copper-plate . , . . . . . . , . IQ •- vdo. ..' printing....... — . . , .•.-,.- -.-. .10 : _ do, :, ... do. stainers'. - . . — . . — -... -... — 10 do. binders' boards . . - -,- -- — -.-.- -.- . a . . , 3 : do. . V box boards . . — ,,-,..,......,... do. mill boards. .;.., . —,..,.... . 3 3 ; : . do. paper makers' boards . - - . • . ,„-.. 3 : do. sheathing . . - . . . - - , - - . , ... -,.... 3 , do. wrapping — , . . . . , . . . . . - . . ......... 3 do. cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . .^.. — . - . - . . erivelppes-, plain, ornamental, pr colored - Ad valorem 30 per ct. do. do. billet-doux, or fancy, note , . - -.. music paper hnes . . . — — . . . . . . ; . Ad valorem 25 per,.ct. gilt, covered with metal, other thari .gold. or silver — . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . ^ . do. do. Paper snuffboxes, japanned or not japannedr^.. Ad valorem 25 per ct. do. . . ., .do. Fancy paper boxes . . . . • ,.. ........ Paper hangings — . . . . . . " . . . . — ' - - . - - - - - - . Ad valorem 35 per ct. do. Paper for screens, fee. - — - - -..-, -,.,.— . - -. . do. 12 cents pe.r pound. Blank or visiting cards . . — . . . - . . 1 . . 2.5 cents, per pack. Playing cards. ....... Blank books, b o u n d . . — 2 ... 20 cents per ppund. do.. unbound . -.- - . . . , . , . . , , . 15 . Parchment' and. vellum . -,.-.-..... - . . , — . . . . , Ad valorem 25 per ct. do. . ' do. Asses' sldn, and imitation .@.- -. ...... do. -dp. Wafers . . . . . . . --. : . - . . , . . 1-.. .do._ do. Seahrig wax . . .- - - - - - . . . ,..-.. \. do. Black lead pencils-..' ....,. . . . . do. , . do., , ' do. Crayons, of.all kinds.. , . . - . : . . — , 1845.| S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. E—^Contiriued. Articles enumerated. 147 ' Rates of duty. Metallic peris-,. - - - - -'- -v. - - -... -— - -^^ Ad valorem 25 per ct. do.. : ; , , do,. Ink and,ink powder. .^. 2......... .•-.........,.. . . . . .Quills, prepared or.rnaLnufactured .,',.:............. .dp.,. .. . do. ; • dp. . unprepared pr unrnaiiufactured............ . .do.; . • ,J cent per pound., All other p.aper not erihmerated.- - , .,.,.-....-.• 15 cents per pound. • do; . Books, printed in the English language, bound 30 do. • .,.' sheets or.boards 20 do. , • printed arid published-abroad more than one year, and riot repubhshed do. , in this country, bound ,. . , . 15 do.. • do. do. in sheets.or b o a r d s . . 10 do. Latin or Greek, bound.^,...-.--.-.. 15 do. unbound . . . . , . . ^ . . 13 dp. Hebrew, bourid.....,;.:........ ... -. 10 do. unbound.^... ..... ,.., Foreigri languages^ , except. Latin, Greek, and Hebrew,, bound,,.......... 5 cents per. vpliirrie. ' Foreign languages, ". except .Latin, Greek, and Hebrew,, in sheets or . . p a r n p H l e t s . - - - - - , - - , . - - - . . . . . . . - - - . . - 15 oents per pourid. \ Greek,- Hebrew, Latin, or English language, printed 40. years previous to. importation....:.-. .............. - - , , . , „ . , . 5 cerits per. vohime. : do. „ do.- ; . a l l reports of legislative cpmmittees,..polyglots, lexicoris, anddictionaries..,. 5 cents per pound. , books of engravings, with or without. letter: press, bound or unbound....,... Ad valorem 20 per cent. ' dp. do. ' . maps and charts. - . . . . : - -,- -... > -. -,- Sugar, browri, raw . . . . — . . . . . ; -.--.. - . -- - - - - ' 2^ cents .per pound:; ... , do.; do. . syrup .of sugar 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. do. , brown, clayed . . - . . .-,--clayed,or clarified- -..,..-..— -- -.. . 4 cents per pound. . 6 . . . d o . . . . [.fi refined .....--...-,-.:..^-.-—----.--.--.6 ,: ; do. :" sugar c a n d y . . . .v ............,.°. „ , — . . m o l a s s e s . . . . - . . - - - - . - . - ^ - - ^ - - - - ^ -- 4^^ mills per pound.. comfits, o . . . i " . . . . . . . - , ,v-, Ad valorerii. 25 per cent.i do. . do. sweetmeats....,-...--,- —. fruits preserved in mplasses, sugar, or; do.; s : do. brandy . - - - . . . . ...... . . . . . . . do.: \' . do. • confectionary of all kinds, npt specified 1 cerit per pound. ' vy'Ocoa . . . . . -.-- •'.. - . « » - - .ii-- - - -«'-'-'- - . - . . . C h o c o l a t e . " , . . . : . . ' . : . - , - .-^.^^ - ------. ^ - - - - - . .4 cents per pound. . '^. :.. do. • ; Mace - - . - - . - . - , - - i . — 50 30 , , do. ^ Nutmegs -.---,..-.... R E P O R T S OF T H E 148 [1845. E—.Continued. Articles enumerated. Cloves. - - . . . , . - .....: ...... Cinnamon.'-.............. ,..,...,,.,_ Oil of cloves : . . . . ....=.... ...... Chinese c a s s i a . . . . . .^............... \ Pimento. ..,,.,,.,..,. ,,,..,.. Black p e p p e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .... Cayenne, African, or Chili p e p p e r . . . . . . . . . . ' Ginger, g r o u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - ....:... in the root, when not preserved... -.,. Mustard . . . . . - . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . ,..Mustard seed . . . . . . . . . . , . , ..... .:...,- Linseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . ......... . Camphor, r e f i n e d . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crude. ......... . , . : S..- .•, Woad or p a s t e l . . ' . . . . - . : . . . „ . . . . . - . . . . , . . ; . . . . . . . . Indigo Ivory, or bone b l a c k . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . /. Alum .... ..... .-.,,1,-,..,.......... Opium. - - . . - . - - . . . . ....."..-... Quicksilver -. . . .. .... ..... Roll b r i m s t o n e . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . J. Calomel, and other mercurial preparations... Corrosive s u b l i m a t e . . . . . . . . | . . . . . . ..... Red precipitaite. 1 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . " , . , . . . . . . . , Glue. ...:...................... Gunpowder - -, , .. ....... Copperas J. . . . ---............;.. . Green vitriol- - - . - --.•.' .\ Blue, or Roman vitriol, or sulphate of. copper Oil of vitriol, or sulphuric-acid,.. --...,. Almonds or prunes ---^. --,.--,:-,.-.,. . Sweet oil of ahnonds —.,......i.. Currants...... - ...-..... '.............. Figs... .i^ .... i..;.....-.: ,: Nuts not specified, except those.used for.dyeing, - Muscatel,.or blpom raisins.,,., ........ -,-. Raisins, all other kinds. ...,.,-.<........,.„.. Olives. -..,... Olive oil in casks... . ..-^...-. ,. Olive, salad oil in bottles. ...... ...., AU other ohve-oil, not salad and ..not. specified. Spermaceti pil of foreign fisheries Whale or other fish oil of = foreign fisheries not S p e i m . a a . . . . . . . . • « . ' . . ' . - . ' . . . e . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . Rates of duty. 8.cents per pound.. do* : 25 do. 30 do. 5 do. . -5., do. 5 do. 10 do. 4. dp. 2 Ad valorem 25 per cent. . do. . 5 . do. do. do. 20. cents per pound. 5 ' do.. 1 do. 5 do. i do. li do. 75 do. A(i valorem 5 per cent. .. -dp. 25 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 5 cents per pound." 8 do. do. 2 do. 2 • do.=^ •4 ' do.o 1 do. 3 , do. .9 do. 1 do. .3. do. .2. do. 1 do. 3. do.,, . ,2 AvdvalorefiGL 30 per cent. 20 ,P.0rits per gallon. Ad valorem 30 per cent , . y d p . . , , 2 0 . do. 25,cents ,pe-r gallon. 15 do. 1846.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASPRY. 149 E^.^Continued.. Rates of duty. Articles, enumerated. Whalebone, product of foreign fisheries:.... Advalorem 12jpr.cent Spermaceti or wax c a n d l e s . . . . . . _ . . . . . -.--....: 8. cents per pound. ' 8; dp. fi ^•^ Spermaceti and wax candles.combined......., Wax t a p e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valprem 30 per cent. 4 cents per pound. Tallbw candles. •... .'-..•.. ........... do. T a l l o w . . . . : , . . . , . . . . . : , , , . . . . J.^.'.... .V. i .• Beeswax, bleached or unbleached..,......... , Ad valorem 15 per cent. do. do. S h o e m a k e r s ' w a x ; . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -. dp. 30 do. Windsor s o a p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. ^ do. Shaving, perfumed, or,fancy spap. f . . . . . . . . do. , do. Wash balls. do. do. Castile s o a p . . : . . . , - - - -- - ..|->.-- -- - - All other hard soap - . - - - - -„ - — V- • - - - - -. - 4 cents per pound... Soft s o a p l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . . 50 cents' per barrel. Marrow, grease, soap stocks and stuffs.. - . - - Ad valorem 10 per cent. Starch:.... ^ . . . . . . . . . 2 cents per pound. 2 ] ] db.^ ^ Pearl or hulled b a r l e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 30 per cent. Corrks . . . f i do. 25 do. Manufactures of c o r k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . Sponges or s p u n k . . . . . . i - - . ; . - . . . . . — . . . ^ . ' d o . 20 do., do. do., Oranges, in^boxes, barrels, or c a s k s , . . . . — , Lemons, do. do.,.. do. do. do. do. Grapes, not dried, in kegs or j a r s . . ...... . ,Sah ._:.--...,.----...-.-.,;..J.l...... : . . , „ , 8 cents per bushel. : i cent per pound. Saltpetre, pai:tially refined. . J . . . . . . . . -•.. 2 ^ / do. completely refilled . | . . . . - . . . . , - . . .do. Bleaching powder, or chloride of l i m e . . . . . . . - 1 . S.cents per gallon. V i n e g a r . . . . . . . . . . : . .'.> .*.. : | - . . . . . . . . ;.. do.. r Spirits of turpentine . . . . L]... .,.^ .-...., 10 2 cents per pound. Beef..., - -. : . } . .\ ......, do. Pork.,-..,.:..,..-. . . • . : . . : . ] . . . , . - - ' : , . . . ' . 2 3 do. H a m s -..-- . j .• . .... . . . . 3 do. Bacon . ' - . - . - . . . . . , . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . .. Pi-epared riieats . - , - . - - - . . . . ] . - . . . - . - - - - - . . Ad valorem 25'per cent, do. do. Poultry or g a m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . fi . . . . . . v . . . . . do. do. Bolpgna s a u s a g e s . . . . . . -.;-•.--..,...... 9 cents per pound. Cheese:^ . - . , . . . . - - ' .....!..<............... 5 do. Butter - - - -' -.. 3 ^ . .do. . ' L a j d .., ..,..-.-•----...;. . - . . - . Macaroni . . . . . . . . . . . . , L . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 30 per cent dp. do. Vermicelli -\... fi.......:. dp.^ ^ do. Gelatine, jellies, and all siniilar pireparations.. W h e a t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 cents per busheh do. " Barley ........... ...:.......... .'. 20 do'" Rye— •-.. -.^ . . : : . - . . . . . . . . . • 15 - . -. .• • . • .'1 • • . ' . •• - . • . 150 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845i E—Continued. • ' Articles enum.erated. ^ O a t s - J l . . ; . . . - • . • . . • ' . . • . " . . . . . - . - J . ' . .-..'-. Rates of duty. .':'..•.:..: Indian corn, or rriaize. . . . .--•-..• .>•_. . \ . , - . . - . . Wheat flpur...... . j . . : ' . . . . - . .^..-v.... .. .Indian r n e a l . . ' . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•...•...;, PotatPes 1J-...."-. : : . - J . . . . . . . . .-....• ..... Foreign fish, dried or smoked .•.-.-..' .•. j . . - ' . - . - . . .^ Mackerel, pickled or salted....- .•. . • . . . . , . - - . Herrings, pickled or s a l t e d . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon, pickled . . . . . , . : . . . . . . . . . . .•.'.., . . - -. Au other fish, pickled, in barrels . . ^ . . . . . . . . . All otherfish, pickled, imported otherwise than in. barrels and half barrels, and not specified SardinPs,' preserved in oil. . .•. .•.-.....-- -•,. -•. Other fish, preserved in' oil.- -•.:.-.,-- .• -^ - . . . . Fish glue ror i s i n g l a s s . ' . . , . . ; . . . . : ' . . . . ...i ..^ Pickles . . - . : . . ' . . . . - - - - . . ; . - - . . ^ i . . . ^ . - . - . Capers ...:..:, . . . . . . , . . „ . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauces of all kirids, riot .enumerated. - . . . Castor o i l . . : -,-..... .•........ Neatsfoot oil- -- -.:.. - . ...i^.-^. . • : . . . . . . . . . . . . Animar oil, of other k i n d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . Volatile p i l . . -•_ - . . . . --.'..-- . ^ . . . . . . . :.. Esse.ntial oils, not specified. ^:. ^ . . . . . . . - . . . , . .Gums -•-•-:,:..-. . ' . v . ' . . . \ . ^ . : .^ • . . . . . . fi... Other resinous substances, not specified, iri a crude state . . . . . . . . . . . . . • _ / . . . . . . . . : ' . . . . Pastes. -:.• . . . . . . . . . . r^ -. . . . . i . . - . i . :^. Balsams . . . . . ..;. . ^... ......... Essences-..:.., . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . J. .-.Tinctures . . . . . . ' . . . . . ' , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °..,.. Extracts •.'• ^........... . Cosmetics...... . . . . . . . j . . . . , . , . . . . . . . ' . . . Perfumes . : . . . . -^ •..-: ^ . . . . . . . . . . Other articles not enumerated,.... .'.:.•...., t r. Benzoin acid ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^.. Citric-acid...................... -........ White or yellow muriatic a c i d . . . . . . . . . . . -.. Nitric acid. •.: - . -• ^ . . . . , , Oxalic acid ............................ -Pyroligneous acid . . ^ . . . ^ . . . . ; : . . . . . . . . . . . Tartaric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . Boracic a c i d . . . . . . . - . . - . . . , - . . . . . , . . . . . . . Borax . " . . . . . . . : . - . ' . . \ \ . . . . . . . . ' . - . . . . .^ ... ...^ Tincal...... . . ; „ . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . ^. Amber..... ...-....-.-....-... 10 cerits per bushel. : ; io . • dov • 70- cents per 112 Ibsv'.; 20 -: . . . d o . : •: i 10- cents -per bushel.- •; $1 per 112.,pounds. '"[ $1 50 per barrel, dov-^ do. :$2-- • .- ^ '^do. • $ 1 ••. •• d o . '. \ ' ' - - - ^ - . Ad'. valorerii-20 per cent, : . do.. ^ .-do.- . do.- . -..do. •do . 30 do. .-. , do. . .do.. • doi- do. ' >, do. : - . . - d o . . ^ • 40 cents per. gallon..'. Ad valorem 20 per cent. • .do. . : : : do. do. do;' doi do. S . do. : do- • • . .do... do. '• do. .. do. do. do. . do.. do. . do.. • . .do.. • do. , . . do. do. • . do. do. do. do. do. .do. do. 15 do. ,.,.dQ. •. 25 do. .do; ;.:..: . do. - -do. . do. ..do. • , . - do. .' 20 do.: do. do. do., do. do. •. • : - ' . ^do. • ' 5 do. 25 do. . • 20 do. do. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 151 E—Coritinued. Articles enumerated. Ambergris . . - - - - . . . . . " . ...-•---.Ammonia. .'... ..... ....::. Annatto...;.. ••.".. .'•.'•./...^......- - - - - . , Aniseed :. fi . . . . - . . . . . .. '..... Arrowroot . - > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . Vanilla beans . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . : ....i. :>.... French c h a l k ; . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . Red c h a l k . , , . . . ..,..,.. . ^ . . . , , . i.... Juniper berries.. -. -—'-.'....,, - - . . . . , . . . . . . . Manganese. .• : .^.•... ..:,:.\> . . . . : : . . . Nitrate pf lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j •.•:./, 'Chromate of potash :•...-,.-.-.....;...:.,. Bichromateof potash , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . Prussiate pf potash,.^..., ............... Glauber s a l t s . - . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . .^.......... Rochelle salts-... .;. . ^ . . . , . . . . . . . . . - . . . , . . . . . Epsom salts -.., J . .....'..... . 1 ; . . . . . . . . . . Srilphate pf magnesia.: .........:..... All other cherriical salts and preparatioris of salts not enumerated -.r- >.- -T --.-.- .r —• Smalt. - - . ^ L . . . . . . ' . - . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . . Sal soda - .•.. - . . . . . . - x j . ; . . . . . , . . . . : . ^ . . . . . . . ; . . Carbonates..of soda, all. except soda ash, barilla, and k e l p . . . . . . . . - - Sulphate of quinine . 1..................,,.,..........., . Soda a s h . . :•-.•.. . -r.>............................. Spirits, brandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . other distilled', from grain, 1st proof... ;* / , 2d d o . . . . I' . / Sd ; d o . . . . . [ 1 1 I 1 1 1 .Rates of duty. Ad valorem 20 per cent. do: do. .do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do! do. do. do. do. do. do. do. . ; do. ;do. . do. per gallon. cents per ga:llon. do. do. do. db. do. $1 60 60 65 , . '•:• _ 4 t h . d p . . . . 70 5th , d o . . . . . 75 above 5tli> d o . . . . 90 distilled from other materials-^— . do. . •••1st ..prop'f... .......-..-.--.-.•:. .- 60 • 2d do. . . . . . - - - 1 - , - 60; do. do. 3d d o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . / 65 4th d o . . . . . . . - . . - - - - . . , - 70 , do. . 5th do. . , . , . ^ - . . , . . . ; . 76.do. above 5th do. . . , . . - - - - . - - . 90 : do. do. Wines, in casks or bottles, Madeira................ 60 . . . . . ' Sherry...-.----...., !50 . do. . ;..' .St. Lucar.. . . . . 60do. do '-\ C a n a r y . . . . - , , , . . , . 60 do. . ~ , .. Champagrie....-. - 40 . ^ do. do. do. [1845. REPORTS OF,THE 152 E^—Continued. Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Wines, in bottles, p o r t . . . . . . . .. , . . .35 cents per gallon. do. ^Burgundy . . - . . - , , . - 35 do. claret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 do. in casks, port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 do. ' Burgundy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 -do. in casks or bottles, T e n e r i f f e . . . . . . . . 20 do. ' in casks, claret .6 do. white,, in casks, France . . . . . . . . . . . . -7ido. ; A u s t r i a . . . . . . . . . . . . • 7i do. Prussia............ -7J. do, ' Sardinia. . ... Portugal, and its posdo. sessions..-. . . . ^7i do. white,- in bottles, France . . . . . . . 20 6 - do. red, in casks, France . . - . . . . . . . . do. Austria...... -. - . . . . - • 6 -do. P r u s s i a - . . -. - . - - . . . . . . > 6, do. Sardinia............. Portugal, and its posses6 do. sions . -"-- - ---•.do. in bottles, same as a b P v e . . . . — . . - - 20 do. white arid red, in casks, Spain . . . . . . 12i. do. G e r m a n y . . . . 12i 'Mediterranean 12i do. in bottles, bf Spain . . •... . - . . . . . . 20 do. Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. do. Mediterranean..-.--.--^.... 20 do. in casks or bottles, S i c i l y . . . . — 25 do. 25 Madeira . do. -V, ~ - M a r s e l q i ^ . . . . . . . . 25 do. 15 other wines of Sicily do. all other wines ;not enumerated, and other than those- of Erance, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, and Portugal and its possessions, in-bottles.....-. — . 65 do. all other wines not enumerated, and other than those of France, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, and Portugal and its possessions, in casks . . . . . . - . - . . . 25 do. Bottles in which wine is impoited,fiuideGISLSS.) 60 Cordials do. Liqueurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 60^ do. 60 Arrack . . ........ ., do. 60 Absynthe . . do 60 Kircherwasser.. . . , .-...: do 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 153 E^Contiriued. Articles'enumerated. . Rates of duty. Ratafia and other beverages, not specified..... 60 cents per gallon. 20 do. • Ale, in b o t t l e s . . . . . , . . . : . . . do. Porter, in bottles .-•:::. . - . . . . . . . . . ' - . . 20^ do. Beer, in bottles... ::y J . . . . . . - . - - . - - . - 20 15 . do. Ale, otherwise than in bottles-. -,.-----" 15 do. Porter, , do. ; do. . . . 15 do. • . Beer, -do. do.... Tpbacco, manufactured .". . . . . . . . . . . . . Ad valorem 20 per cent.. "40 cents per pound.. Cigars, of aU k i n d s , . . ' ..,. Snuff . .-- • .: • -•--- 12 do. Tobacco,'mariufactured, other -than snuff" and. do. . cigars ----- - - - - - - - - - - - .10 Articles for the use pf the United States- - - ^ - - .Free. AU goods, wares, or merchandise,.the. growth produce, or manufacture of-the.United States, . exported to a foreign country,., and brought back to the United States -- , . -..-... ... ,. ..dp.. . . Bopks of citizens of the United States, dying, abroad.... - - . . . . . . . . . , . . . !. .. . . d o ^ l do. . • Personal effects not merchandise of do. do: do. Household effects ' do; ^ do. do. Paintings, the production of American, artists residirig a b r o a d . . . . . . . . . - : . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . - . dp. Statuary, do. -do. do. do. Wearing apparel in actual use of persons arriving in the United States. ....... do. Personal effects not merchandise of do. ' do. do., Professional books of do. ^ do. do. Instruments of trade, occupation, or employment, of persons arriving in the United States do. do. Implements of do. -. d o / do. do. Tools of do. do. do. Philosophical apparatus, specially irriported for. philosophical or literary purposes, or for the encouragement of fine arts, or" for the use and by the order of any college, academy, school, or seminary of learriing. in the United S t a t e s . . . . . . . . . . ..-.•..,, . 1 . - — • : . . . do. Instruments, imported for. same.purpose. — '. do.. • do. Books, do. ^do. do. . : . . . : Maps and charts, do. do. do. . do. . Statues, . do. do. do. ......... do. • do. . " Statuary, do. '. dp. .. do. . . . .-. Busts and casts of marble, bronze, alabaster, do. . , or plaster of Paris, for same purpose.-.. .*. R E P O R T S OF T H E 154 [1845. E-T7-Continued.. Articles enumerated.. Paintings, imported for the same p u r p o s e . . . . Drawings, do. . . .dp.. [ ; d o . , . . . . . Engravings, do.; . do.. . do. . . . . . Etchirigs, ^ dp. dp. dp. ........ Specimens of sculpture, do. ... . d o . . . . . . . . Cabinets of coins,.' , do. ,.do.,.,.;.. medals, ' do. do........ • gems, and all o t h e r , , : . d o . . . . . - . collections of antiquities,, do. . , , , -. Anatomical preparatipris., ...--. ^,, Models of machinery •..................:. Inventions and'irriprovements. in .the arts. , , - . . Specimens iri natural h i s t o r y . . , . . , . . , . • . . 1 . . niineralpgy, .&c. - - . - - - . . . ^ 1 . . 1^ botany . . . ; . : . . - - - - 1 - - . -^ . . - . Trees.'....-.:.. . : . . - - J . .... .•...'•.'. •.•.-. Shrubs.. - - - -- - - -'- -. - . ' . , :,., ...,..:.:.: ; Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 . . . - - - ' . Bulbs or roPts.. . i.......,..,-*.,;-.,,..:....: Garden seeds, not Ptherwise specified- - - . . - .^ Berries,, used principally in dyeing or. cpnipos.-, irig dyes, i . . . . . , . - . ..'...'...'..:......:-.•. -. Nuts, do. dp. . do. - , . - . - - , Vegetables, , do. . doi do. - - - - . . • . All dyewoods'in stick . . . . . . , . . . - . - . , . . . . . . . Whale oil, of American fisheries....,.,.- - , - Otherfish oU of . ,do. v d o . .:...--.-.'.* AU Pther articles, produce of do. - - , . . . - . . : . . Animals imported for b r e e d . - - • . - - - . . . . . . • . , . . Fish, fresh caught, dmported for . daily c.o'n. sumption. .J - . . . . . ' . . .-.L . . . . . . . . . . - . . . Fruit, green or ripe, from the West. Indies in bulk.--.......:..,,...----;....:.:'..: Tea, when imported in America.n vessels from the place of its growth or p r o d u c t i o n , . . . . . Coffee, : do:. do./do. - - - . - . Adhesive felt for sheathing v e s s e l s , : . . . . . . . . Alcornoqui..... . . . . ....•.,.,...,.......-. AlPes ...... .''........:...... ..•-.- -.Antimony, crude . . . . . . -,. . ;A r g o l . . . . . : . . . . . - - : - , . . ...;. ....... Asafoetida.-..--... ..-..-,' - . Ava root . L . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .... ... Barilla: .............. Bark) of cork tree, unmanufactured. . . . 1 . . . ' . Rates of duty. Free. do.. do.: . do... do. do. do. do. ;do.:^ ..do.. do. do. do. do,. do. do; do. do; .do. do. do. . do. do. .do;: do; do. do. do. . :do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. E—Continued; Articles enumerated. Rates of duty. Bells or bell metal, old, and only fit to be remanufactured j. or parts, thereof,., - - . . . . . . Free. Chimes of b e l l s . . . . . . . . . . . . ...: . . i - - . . . . . . . do. do. Brass, in pigs or b a r s . . . . do. .Old brass, only fit to be remanufactured...- - . do. Brazil wood - - - . - . . . — -. - - -.-,--.-.- . - , . . . Crude brimstone ... - - - -.-.. — - . - - - -...-.. -•. ^ dp.' Flour of sulphur.. -- - --- - 1 , . ; - . , ^ - - . . . . ; . . do. BuUion - - - - - - ^ - . - - . - . . - . - - iw - -'. V - - - - - ^ - do. do; Burr stones, unwrought- - - - - -... - -.--'- V . . : . : . Cantharides . . . . \ . . . . . . . : . . . . . i->;^ - • - . - . . . . . .; do.- ~ Chalk . . -.-.-- - - ..._... - - - - ::-.^ . - - -- - - - .: .; 'do. do. Clay,, unwrought -...'.. . ' • ' . . . . . . . . . .^..^ J . .-.. Cochineal. . . * . , ! . . . . . . . - . . . : . . . . , . . - - - ^ i i. :d0.l Coins of gold.and silver .--.i..-. ^ • , . . : . . . . - - . . . ^do. .Copper^ imported for the. useof the M i n t . . i . do. Cppper, in:pigs or ba:rs. -. *=.-.. ,.•;-----.-.•.>.. do. Copper ore . ' - . - - - . , . - . - . . . . . ^.-.- -• - : ^..-. - ^do. Plates or sheets of copper^ for sheathing. ves"' sels, which is 14 inehes wide and 48 inches lorig, arid weighing 'from 14 to. -34 ounc0s : the square foot. .-. .^ .;. ^. -•^^.-- - . ^-. - - - - do. Old copper, fit only to- be remanufactured - - . do; Cream of tartar . . . . . . ' • . . : . - . : . . . . . . , . . v ^ . . . . do. Emery. - . . . . - - -.--..-. - - - - -.', - . J . [ . : . . . . . . do. .Flints. . , . ^.-r.-^.. , . . . . . — J : . . . . . ..'.•. do. Ground flint . ^ . . . . . . . . . 1 . - . -.".-.:. .^-^^.. : .-. do. Gold b u l l i o n . . . . . . . . . , . - J -- -. - -- . . . . do. Gold epaulets and wings . . . . . . . . ...-...•. do. Grindstpnes . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . : . . . do. Gum: A r a b i c . . - - - - . - - - - . - - . . . . . . . . - - . . - . . do. - . Senegal. - - - - - : > . . . , ' . : — . . . . . , . • - . . . : . . . clo. .. • • T r a g a G a n t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : - . ' . . . ; . . : do. Iridia rubber, in' bottles, sheets, or otherwise, unrrianufactured..... . . . . . , ' . . . . . - - . . : .• do. " Oldjunk-. . V . . . . . . . . : . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . '.... do. Oakum . . . — . ' . . . , . . . do. do. Kelp;, ..^;. - -•-.--:-,.:.:.-^ . • - . : . . ; : . • . . . . - • - • do. Kerrnes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . , , . . - ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Lac d y e . . . - ' J . J. . . ; . . - . . ' . . 1... J , . ,>-... do. Leeches . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . J..........;..: \ M a d d e r . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..fi. , 1 . . do. do. Madder root. . , , . . . - - . - . . . : . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. Mother-pf-pearl..........................', Nickel.:.... .... '..'.........;....'..... dp. 15'5 [1845. REPORTS OF THE SECRETARY, &c. 156 " • '. . E—Continued. Rates of duty. Articles enumerated. . Free. . ' Nux vomica do. Palm leaf, unmanufactured.'.... do. Palm o i l . . : Peruvian bark . . . . . . .. r - T - -. - ----.-.- do. , . Pewter, when old aiid pnly fil.to be renianudb. . factured . . . ..-..,----.----.-- — . Platina, unmanufactured - - - , . . - - , - - - - - - - - . • d o . Ivory, • unmanufactured . - - . . . - - . - - — --.-,-- 'do. Plaster of Paris, unground . . . , , , . . . , . • . . . - do. Ratans; arid reeds, unmanufaptrired . . . . . . . . . do. " Rhubarb j .• ; :• do. Saltoetre. when crude . . 1 . . . . . . . . ' . d o . . • •• • , . , , . . . . Sarsaparilla -.:.... .^ :. d o . Shellac ....:'.:.-. do. . Silver b u l l i o n ! . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . , , — , do. ' : Silver epaulets and -wings..'. do. ; . . Stones called polishing stones .,. -:- . . . . . . . , : do. Stones called rotten stone do. Sumac : ........-.....,:...'.. do.^ Tartar, "when crude. . do.. . Teutenegue . . . . do., Weld. dp. Woods, of all kinds, when unmanufactured, not herein enumerated d o . .. V ' Fish, .fresh caught, brought in for daily con• sumption •do., ; •.: ;.:. . On all articles not herein enumerated or proAd valorem 20 per cent. vided for •NOTES. (a) 1842, .August 30.—"That all manufactures of cotton, or of which cotton s.hall be a^ component, part, not dyed, colored, printed",,or stainedj not exceeding in value 20 cents, per square yard, shall be valued at 20 centsper square yard ; and if dyed, colored,, printed, or ^ stained-, in whole or in part, nqt exceeding in value 30 cents the square yard, shall be valued at.30 cents per square yard, excepting velvets, cords, moleskins, fustians, buffalo cloths,"or goods manufactured by napping or raising, cutting or shearing, not'exceeding in value 35 cents the square yard, shall be valued at 35 cents per square yard, and duty be paid thereon accord(6) 1842, .August SO.—"All. cotton twist, yarn, and thread, unbleached and uncolored, the true valiie of which at the place whence imported shall be less than 60. cents per pound, shall be valued at 60 cents per pound, and shall be charged^ with a duty of 25 per*, centum ad..valorem ; ail bleached or colored cbtton twist, yarn, and thread, the true, value of which at the place whence imported shall be less than 75 cents per pound, shall be valued at 75 cents per pound, and pay a duty of 25 per centum ad, valorem." . • ; .• ' . • . • -J . • • • . - • • . • • , • • • (c) 1842, Jlugust^SO.—" That-braces or suspenders, of that material, not exceeding in value two dollars per*dozen, shall be valued at two dollars per dozen, and pay duty accordingly." • '(d) 1842, August 30.—"That all such.buttons, not exceeding in value one dollar per gross., shall be valued.at one dollar, and be charged with duty accordingly.'.' THIRTEEN SEPARATE TABLES, SHOWING THE IMPORTS OF THE VAUIOUS DESCRIPTIONS OF IRON, .-AN-D I T S MANUFACTUKES, .-. IMPORTED EACH YEAR SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT ' TO THE PRESENT PERIOD; WITH . THE VALUE AND RATE OF BUTY. ' . •0\ .00 Tahles showing the Imports ofi the various descriptions ofi Iron j and its manufiactures, imported each year since the organization ofi the Government [tothe present period; withthe value and rate ofi duty. • ;• • I R O N . . • Gtuantity. " Value. . -" . Rate of duty. - • • • - " ''. . ' • - • . "Value.- , . ^ . . . STEEL, • • Value. Gluantity. ., 1 cent.per lb. _• 1 cent per. lb. .'- - ---. " • .Rate of duty. . - • " . • ^ • Rate of duty. iQ 75 per 112 lbs. 1 00 per cwt. - • .. • . - . 280,237 lbs. 279,553 " .353,485 " ,275,934 " 457,189 • " 407,936 " • 284,742 .•-•." • 812' " 176,960 " 280,215' ** 48,808 " " 94,874 "• 23,115 " 2,560 " ' _ w O K • • • o . .. "^' . • " . - - • • • • SPIKES. Q^uantity. ' '. . 1 cent per lb. ... 1790 1791 1792 -" 2 cents perlb. 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 3,120,6911bs. . 1802: 3,113,083 ' * • . 1803 3,674,769- ' «-. 1804 3,819,198 * ' - - . . .- -.. 1805 3,503,379 ' ' 1806 3,059,529 ' ' ,1807 3,072,238 ' ' - . 1808 156,253 ' * 1809 1,021,483 ' ' • • 1810 2,112,223 ' ' -. . .1811 . 212,389 ' ' . . .. - ^ .4 cents per lb.. 1812 739,462 * * 1813 . 206,771 *< .-._ . -' 1814 86,568 ' * - ^ - NAILS. Years. : '". -- • ' ' . -. , - -• - ': - " . • • • " ; . • ' • • • ' . - - ' . • • . . - . ; - • - . • - • - . •-'. 2 cents.per lb. • - .:. - . - ' { ' . • : • 14-,844 cwt. 11,326 : ' 7,394 ' 10,]98 ' 9,717 ' 12,228 ' .^ 10,604 ' 7,079 ' 12,452 * 11,043 * *' . 3,411 * ( 7,958,435 lbs. 5,424 cwt. .6,378,117 lbs. , . • 2 OQ per cwt. -. ' 00 C71 .1815 - ;• 1816 i»' 18171818. \ 1,087,889 •*« 364,563 " 1819 220,682". 1820 678,554 " 1821 890,643 *-' 1822 ' 581,639 ^'. 1823 404,617 " 1824. 393,863 '- . 1825 • 230,996 ' 1826 502,457 '. 1827 1828. ' . . 653,655 ' 532,407 ' ' 1829 613,704 ' 1830, ' 814,748 ' . 1831 746,544 ' 1832 ' 1833. •. • 686,228 ' '610,833 ' 1834 1,068,733 " 1835 1,261,554 ". 1836 619,165 " 1837 • 837,661 " . 1838-' 1,659,534 .' 1839 715,191. " 1840. 939,899 • " 1841 1842-.- • 773,936 * 149,473- " , 1843.610,694 " 1844 • 3 cents per lb. . 4 cents per lb. --, ' - • ' - - • • $41,953 23,739 46,080 46,625 36,723 40,906 52;597 47,130 48,399 51,886 77,647106,283 66,315 70,159 140,88962,477 81,951 65,792 13,260 43,423 - . _ . '' .-,-•.-.5 cents per lb. .. - • • _ 5 cents per lb. . - . - - - ^ • - . - - ' • • . - • 5 cents per lb. • Compromise. • -' -.. - ... - . . - ' • - . . • • - " • • • 3&.:4cts. pri lb.. . • • . ' • - . . • • 2 cents per lb.- , 262^664 " 165,679 " . 38,625 " ' 87,798 " 182,100 " 77,028- . " r 103,555 " 25,B87 " ^ .34,426 " . 52,011 " 82,59.8 " 80,511 . " 37,873 " . 75j999 " 150,623 " 108,263 " 226,444' •" 159,994 " 295,324 " •974,448 " , 353,073 .'" 468,988 " . 104,134 ." 105,390 " ; 13,687- " • 6,'247 ." 19,243 "• .. - .' -. -. - $1,191 1,328 2,624 3,598 3,315 • 1,391 - 3,175 5,635 4,134 11,240 6,885 15,804. 49,614: 18,556 24,957 5,032 5,436 523227 713 ' 3.centsper lb; . \ • - • • - • ' • 4 cents per lb. ' . _ - - '• • • - .- 4 cents per lb. '" . • . - • - . . - 4 cents per lb. .. Compromise." •'• • \ : • • - • - ' • ' • • . -" . • . - - . - '• .. ' - • . • ' ; . • • . • • - - _ - • 3 cents per lb. • " • - . , . • . - ' • . - . • " •\ »^ t o o per cwt. 11,343 cwt.. 8,461 •" . .' . . 0 7,802 • " 11,570 " $131,291 16,098 " 189,613" 20,551 " 224,595 '21,954 " 236,405 1 00 per cwt. 26,675 ." 291,215, 36^525 " 384,235 25,012 " . 310,197 35,660 " 430,425 1 50 per cwt. 24,000' " 289,831 24,472 "• •291,957 34,203 " 399,635 54,929 " :. ,645;510 1-50 per cwt. 42,629. " 523,116. Compromise. 48,623 " 554,150 52,116- " • • 576,988 57,570 " 686,141 . 61,234 " - 804.,8'17 38,145 " . 487,334 59-,174 " :•• 771,804 44,506- " 528,716 '" ' ' '\ 51,270 " 609,201 .55,428 " . 597,317 16,624 1' 201,772 $i50&$250pr.'cwt. 42,704 " ,487,462 " • • • ' 00- w o g > • ^ !> w cl CD F—Continued. : A N C H O R S AND S H E E T IRON. o IRON. IRON AND S H E E T W I R E . . . T A C K S , : B R A D S , A N D SPRIGS. Years. R a t e of d u t y . ' Value. Gluantity. Gluantity. . Value. -^ Gluantity. ' R a t e of duty.- Advalorem.7|p.ct. 1790 1 ^ u • • r Free • .1791. . ^-s - • ' A d v a l o r e m l O p . ct. Free. ' • " - " 1792 fe§. • • ^ ^ f>-l • 1793 _ '- .. .Free - - A d valorem 15.p. ct. bSi-P' • * fl , 1794. • • - tUOo 1795 1796o -1797 . •. 1 1 ,1798 :• ' < v n • • •-- ^ ^ § ' - • ^ . -^ '' ' . -1799 • ^ a •• ' " -.'. ^*^, 1800 " ]'• ' : ' ' ' ' ' ' \' .2 ^ ^ 1801. . • . s | ^ ; • , ' " ' - - . , " ' ', • • ; r . - • - ' . ' • • .1802: '. .^803: J - ' ..fX4. . . . . . . . . . . I ^ o - • • .- -. t3-.«3 : ^ 2^ A d valorem'17| p . ct. • ^ 1 8 0 4 : . : .-.•:.-278,642Jbs.' ...- . .-•• ^.^..|1B05-. , -•!^742,28TfV^} . - - - • fl TiJ ..w . ••. . -fl -'-•ZX:.'^-^-^^---r^ "• -. ••-,-. ..r--l'806-" T^ - : ^ 8 2 ; 2 3 r % i ^.>»-rtc.w.,^l:.' .i^:--^ .s_.^^.g... - > •. v. ^ 1807;: :'^ -846,008 " - %fi''^'••^•^^,fi - ^ ' • • . i ! : ' - - • : • - " . . ' : i . , . - ' . - - w - | ; ^ / , • . . . - : . , sa: - • -.'•v. . . . . . . • -Isogt- ^: •-323,757 '.' - . ' : • / ? . . - - . • , ' • ' ' " ''3M:-^fi'^^-^-::fii'fi':^. :-....'.-.•t:H''S>-iiv.••..'•''. .,^-J. ._.•;.- ' . ---• 0-. " ^. ..gvO^.-.... ... ... . •'• - " ^ V - . -^••' :.- 804,679- " ' •fij'^^jif::^: y-. • . .. - - , 0 - l 3 - .o'^-a'-... : ^852,949-^^. :' :'^fi- ''•>x '•:':-" -\' ••^ • . -05. cn- Ui .o • -• /^- :286,286^-:"' • ' • - ' ^ • ^ - fl.>:::::566:;i50:." A d valorein 30 p i c t . •1812 F r e e . . ' . ' : =5.1 •. • fl • cj ^.. - i-^." rt• '••• r .' • • 18,13, : . - 2 2 6 , 8 6 5 .-M O o .5. • . -1814' *-:^ 1:53,736.:-'j . - f£ - ' v "_ : 1815 1816 . A d v a l o r . * 2 0 p . ct. -- -. . . ". -. '. 1817 J . < lbs.. 1818 81,588 lbs. (fcM. ,. : . - . . • - . -. ^,. 286,662 309,477 " 1819 21,113 •* . • • • -• : " - • • " •. . • - • • - • • •^s - • 1803 inc I aggrega .ying ad y importa - • _ _ . _ ' ^ ' > " ^ - : • • ^ ^ • • " ' :-mfy^ -' • - . . ' . - . . _ • ; - • " • - ' - . - • • • • ' • • - . . - . . . _ - • • • _ • • • • ' ^ • • ' . " - : • - .> ' . • " - • - - • - . . - . ' . - . . . . ' • - . . _ • • ••'' '• - : •.':"•-... • : > - • ' - : ^ ' - . • • • ' - • - • - • ' • ' ' . - . • - ' • • " • • • ' ' . . ' • • • -., ' ; > • • . - . . ' • - • •. . . . . - - . • . . ' • " . Ad valorem 1 7 | p . c t . . • : : - :'• - . ' •;•' '••• . - ' • - • . . . . .- A d v a l o r e m 3 0 p . ct. -. .- " A d valorem 20 p . ct. • . • . . _ • • . - • • ••,.. . v>l • • • . ' ... - '. : • ' • • >,. • • • : - ..•••-' • . . - . • - • • • - ; ; - . . - - 15p.ct. . ~ * . ^ . - ^ fifi-'Wfi-' • -A d valorem §>^' . '• - - . - V • - .'• • _ -.- -^1' -. ; . . - " • • • - - " • . . - . : #1!: ' • '.•--.-.• - - - • . ' • •'••-"•' im. . . . - • • . . . • ; ^ - . - . . - - " — ' . " ' • .: "'. • Ad.valorenl 10 p . ct. - ' . • • • • . • A d valprem 5 p . ct. • • . ' . R a t e of d u t y . - ' • Value.: - - - '• . • . , ' • - - . : • . . . . . . - • • • 5c.p,M.&4c.p.lb:" , ^ 1820 1821 1822 1823 <i 1824 O 1825 ^ 1826 <j 1827 ^ 1828 .• . . , = - I 1829 !-; 1830 ^ 1831 1832 1833 1834 18351836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 • 1842 1843 1844 ^ • . - • " • - • - 127,866 305,389 784,491 618,922 769,377 826,994 756,660 846,910 1,338,524 463,145. 592,733 608,779 662,995 519,756 236,572: 260,388; 533,135 649,086 183,510 547,999 220,474 201,134 474,095 55,9:68 105,524 " " . ** • i **: " ' ." *' " ,i " • " «< <« . . " ** " ** " " <* " *' " " :' ." " : - 23,506 47,908 $35,884 102,361 ,--- • - 41,256 123,044 " 77,139 101,203 Ad valorern 25perct.' 39,343 37,485 91,539 90,401 : :- - 19,163 22,533 - 79,257 M. 117,467 '6 and 10 cts. .per lb: 21,859 18,714 <« 51,170 14,499 59,485 : - • . " 29,877 . ." 67,718 91,069 5 and 9 cts. per lb. 32,8851bs.&M. 8,270,. " 52,643 Compromise. " ; 6,803 32,284 «* 35,063 -, ' . - - 12,195 .13,752: « . 52,854 6,385 ' ** 62,428 4,463- . ** 19,496 6,917 «« 44,874 - • 15,696 •. - . 4,234 .7,808 ** 15,146 ; -27,846 - - '• - 4,379 6,154 5, 8, (fell cts. perlb. '2,649 16,321 ' ' ' .' 161,877 : . ' - • ' . - - 1 - . 1 - - . - - • . • - ' • ; • ' . . . - . . ; . • . - ' . - . ' ' • ' V - ' ' . - . • ' - ' - - . ' 00 C^ • LIJ - , . - - •" . ••• - • >-* - • - - ' '• --- . - ^ " • • - • Sc.prM.&'Sc.prlb. $9,293 4,135 4,391 5,133 5 cents p e r M . 4,249 2,799 4,297 3,394 5c.pr«M.&5c.prlb. 1,435 Compromise. 1,210 2,008' 2,914 • 1,188 773' 1,102 874 1,064 698 344 5c.prM.&5c.prlb. 1,908 ' w t^ o sH H > ^ ^ O 1-^ - -: > w na Oi F—Continued, iN3 IRON. NAIL OR SPIKE RODS. . S H E E T OR H O O P . Gluantity; • "--^i y . cd c~i ^ B>-§ . Ad• valorem 10 pr ct. - Ad valorem 15 pr ct. . • M Ad valorem 7 | pr ct. ' "73 •43 - Gluantity. Rate of duty. • Id - • - - . Ad valorem 10 pr ct. CD • ,.^ _ ..^ ., . ' . Ad valorem 17g pr ct. hSS^ . • - ' . it . ' • ^ ••"'' - . '- • . Ad valorem 15 pr ct. ..fcUO--' Advalorem 17| prct. - Ad valorem 10 pr ct. :'^^ ' ^ -.- i ^ • ._ • .-^p .Ti fl - ? = .< ^' fl '^' 0 cd Ad valorem 30 pr ct. . 0 >-> r - 0 s.' .• ' _ •_ • $2 50 per cwt. ^• S • -' • •S -. - ' • fe. - ,.^ . Advalorem 7 | pr ct. 0 ed - •. - _ • - • _;. • ! § . . ,. •' • %M . 0 cd fl > _ _ - . -. : . "TT^ - • S cd Ad valorem 30 pr ct. 0rH 0 bf) fl. ' . - _"' — _ ,^'^ _ . . .. ' valorem - • 20',pr - ct, • s > ^ Ad ' ._ - • • . - _ - . • " . - • - - •. , • _ • .• • • •• l : : ; _ ''• • ' • ' • Advalorem 17| prct. - .. . .S2 J l . .. - • ' . - - • Rate oif duty. Ci • _ Ad valorem 15 pr ct; " '' . - ^ Value. TQ • • - : • Value. Ofl 17,856'cwt. 18,315 " 12,520 " Gluantity. Ad valorem 5 pr ct. r 15,355 lbs. 169,525 " 271,063 *'• 834,200 •" '390,959 " 217,272 " 759,337 '"f 175,856 " 599,553 "• 183,739 " ..358,956 "'. Rate of duty. Value. • ' ^ "^feOT From -17!dO to 1803 in( the ge neral aggrega ' articles1 paying ad 'rates, i f any importa 1-790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795' 1796 •1797 1798 17991800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 .1807 1808 1809 1810 1811. J812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 ^ B A N D , S L I T , OR R O L L E D . gregate'bf all portations. Years. - : _ '- ' • _ - ; • • - ' - ' ' B 0 . . • ' - ' - -' Ad valorem 30 pr ct. Ad valorem 20 pr ct. 24,122 " 1821 37,424 ." 1822 39,914 "^ 1823 1,088,858 lbs. 1824 18'25 . 2,106,677 " 2,407,867 ^' 1826 4,419,732 '« .1827 6,551,642 " 1828 2,441,024 " 1829 2,326,796 " 1830 5,6.72,779 "' 1831 6,391,578 " 1832 7^505,246 ". 1833 4,960,516 *' 1834 4,508,005 " 1835 8,115,800 '.* 1836 11,293,703 " 1837 5,679,796 *' 1838 7,412,382 " 1839 . 5,529,585 " 1840 8,166,550 ''' 18-41 8,061,941 ": 1842 2,608,548 " 1843 4,456,018 " 1844 .. .. - « • r : 3 cents per pound. $88,111 ^ 88,438 ^ .135,759 236,794 31 eents per pound. ' 89,057 59,822 151,909. 182,559 3 cents per pound. 245,848 Compromise. 190,237 133,639 325,671 - ^ 504,473 208,192 354,933 235,809 -. 376,075 296,679 . 134,206 2 | cents per pound. 152,771 . - • . \ - - - • • ' . - * • • •; * . . - ' • 2,307 3,249 : 240 840,986 985,909 7,282 32,848 227,160 126,542 214,240 1,553 3,702 24,925 1,064 3,191 80,404 1,108 3O,?60 40,269 11,902 43,165 lbs5. " " '' : " . " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $339 . 106 17 13,273 28,176 234 784 4,585 2,063 6,080 . 77 : 244 1,301 . 33 - 94 2,291 24 613 860 515 1,324 ' . & (*) 00 Ol '• Scents perpound. • - . '. - - ; •: r ..'3g cents perpound. - ." - 3 cents per pound. • Compromise. . - - - ' J - - . .-. -. - - • : ... . ^ i . . - • • ^ __ •. - • . - 2 | cents per pound. - . - • . 6,832 lbs. 70 " 2,458- " 111,286 " 97,909 " 2,845 23,234 7,334 26,556 8,625 • 85 137 458 121,998 23,213 34,470 • 33,404 • 49,714 26,408 - 130,184 " *' " " **' " " " " " <* " " ," «' $457 3 cents pet* pound. 7 3,946 6-,489 2,931 3 | centsper pound. 81. 724 176 3 cents per pound. 2j063 Compromise^ 230 w O P^ •• 5 5 -36 2,712 886963 1,161 1,023 1,292 2 | cents perpound. 6,109 ........ O M '^See page 166—Manufactures of iron paying ad valorem rates not specified. w a CO F—Continued. IRON. J. PIG. BAR, HAMMERED. BAR, ROLLED; —. Year. Ciuantity. 1790. 1791 1792 ^ o 1793 cd"i2 •1-794. 1795 1796 1797 ... :t.c3:'fl 1798 1799 ^ .•:Si^ 1800" 1801 1802 , 1803 • "• - s " 1804 ' ••U'P' .1805 : 1806 ; 1807 1808- . - . : c r > ' ^ ' 1809 :E^:^ 1810 1811 .:0.^ 1812 1813 • ^ ^ 1 1814 1815 1816 J fe 1817 1 "^ «*H . - — ; ; - ' :•• / • • • - • • & • . - '. 10 per ct. -Ad~val. 4-5-per et. _ - ' ^ . . : ' • • " ' • •p. - . -.Ad val. • _ Value. Rate of duty. ^ ^O ,;; M _. Ad val. 5 per cent. - Ad val. 10 per ct. Ad val. 71 per ct. lO.per ct. -.: -^ ,rt:-; cu fH ^' _. ' - .-.-.;• n3 'O ^:.cd - • • 0 0 .fl • - .. . ' • • - • . A:d..val. 30per.ct. ^ • • — •'II : - • .(3^ '^.'S . -. ' - $1 50 per cwt. <U. J .fe I . . ' - ' -. t . • . - ••'.§>.g-- . .- ..-" '• ; . : • ^ . -•- i !- . . ; - • - , • . . '. ' '«'i:' fl''^-, i i ^ o • - i Ad val. 175 per ct;. •' f^ : - • .. • l- i • '.' 1 ' ' ' . '. ' 1' '. I-I r—{ L-Cb-^ •^"•g^.- -• ' • ' ; . . - S fl C 03 :&.^ ..- .- '. .- . .- . _ :• ., 'Ad-val. 171 per ct.' • _ . .." ° i .: .— ,. .— '- • -. ' . - ...... • . 'J - - . - . « • - >.fl ''^.. '••' - . -'.-. . . -Ad.val.lS-p-^r'ct. •: Ad-val. IS-per-ct. . — • . --.. ' . Ad-val. 171 per ct.. • . :^"fi fl « • - • ' ;- . , , - •. Qi t t u , . - :|l '. . * •--. .: :. • :.. , ... -.' '• . - • , . • inclu dval . - - .' .. ,;- ^ , . •If. : ^ • ~ **^ .1 ^-fl , . Gluantity, '•cd '-3 • - • § • " ' • • : .Ad val. - ^' ^f: • Ad val. 7^ perct. i. .- Rate of duty. Value. Gluantity. Rate of duty. Value. ; ; , ' \ . • ; - - •; - : . . • • . . • - - ; ; • & • ^ Adval. 30per ct..,: .- • . • o .• ' • - . . •; • : i. Ad val. 30 per ct. • i r - I O •. j - 45 cents per cwt. "', J • : . - | i fe •.. i Ad Vd. 20 per ct, ; : 53,97,9 cwl 1818. 51,290 "^ 1819. i 59,385^ "• 1820 \ 1821 [ c 43,684.^ *.* 101,334 *' 1822. i 106",933 *' 1823 115,809 " 1824 85,010 " 1825 88.j741 '* 1826 162,052. " 1827 205,897 " 1828. 66,.408 " 1829. 138,981' " 1830 304,918 " 1831 • 427,745- " 1832. 560,566 " 1833 577,927 " 1834.: 568,204 <* 1835 933,514 ** 1836 956,792 " ,1837 723,48a " 1838. 1,205,697 " 1839; 656,574 " 1840 1,261,118.' " 1841. 1,231,985 " 1842: 1843 . 315;i57. " 757,824 *' 1844 $1 50 per cwt. $224,497 223,259 347,792 441,000 119,326 226,336 544,664 701,549 1,002,750 1,187,236 1,050,152 2,131,82.8.. 2,573,367 1,825,121 3,181,180 1,707,649 2,172,278 2,053,453 511,282 1,065,582 $1 85 per cwt. $1 50 per cwt; Compromise. $25 per ton. 298,438 cwt* 324,933 '•389,797 "< 343,094 *'532^805 *' 591,880 " 425-^906 ** 492,998 " 467,515 ". 440,200 " 667,849- " .66,039,460-lbs. 68,752,943 " 52,232,192 " 85,456,164 " 722,486 cwt. .-635,698 " 630,584 " 658,752 ** 626,512 " ' 426,389 ** 711,153 " 576,381 " ; 592,108 *' 390,236 *' 125,081 " 236,451 " 75 cents per cwt. 90 cerits per cwt. $1,562,146 .1,590,350 1,323,749 2,141,178 1,884,049 1,730;375 1,260,166 1,929,493 1,837,473 1,742,883 1,641,359 1,891,214 2,017,346 1,166,196 2,054,094 1,689 r831 1,614,619 1,041,410 . 327,550 583,065 1 cent per lb. 90 cents per cwt Compromise. .3,970 cwt. 6,634 " 6,584 " 18,356 " 23,614 " 49,607 " 15i856 " 16,309 " 34j092, <« 35,118 " 69;937 " 22,771 " 22,499 *» 138,967 "' 203i025 " 186^60r " 222,265 " 245,917 " 170,822^ " 282,571 " 243,830 " 250,154 " il0,3ll " $17 per ton. 245,353 373,881 • 77,461. 298,880 " " ** " 50 cents per cwt. OQ... Ol 50 cents per cwt. $36,513 67,004 • 46,881 93,025 28,811 25,644 160,681 222,303 217,668 270,325 289,779 272,978 422,929 319,099 285,300 114,562 223,288 295,284 48,251 200,522 621 cents per cwt. a pi 50 cents per cwt. Compromise*.. • $9^perton. ^ g, pi- § Ol- F-—Continued. IRON. ANCHORS Years. •. Value. Gluantity. Rate of duty. • fi ^3 O Ad val. 7 | per ct^ M _ >.' . ' 1dv>~. . , , -. . _ _ . ^^- ^ . - . : ' • •. _ . . " • ^ -"cd ,' rH hD OOfl - - ••. . • . - • . . _ ' ' '^ >^ - . •;• i § . T •^ ' • % , faj)-^ ' . ''^'., • • • (7- .^ ,. . • . . _ - • ' '• r . . ' Ad val. 30 per ct. -" .. ^ _ : •• • ' • ' ' •!• . ' ^ ^ 00 tUD o/F^ - *^ O cd &H • - • . ^^ r-=H s-^ • FH fe W)g. • -- , '" -'""'"" ' 15,915 cwt. 19,099 " 6,202 *' •• Ad val. I 2 | and . 17| per cent; • •' <U JH ' i t ' . >^ o . ' - ' w . ^ • • Ad val. 30per ct, • - ' R tOD o 75 cents per cwt. p - .... ... / , - . ' s, • " . •Ad val, 10 and 30 per cent. ".. Ad val. IQ per ct, •- ^ ^ . g f - - • rH 2 cents perlb". •' • .Ji-:- r- - .. '" -. .,\ ''• - -^1' " ' ' ^ • ^ . 1 Id' >:. . '^ fl . ~ r L : Ad val.:iO and 15 " per cent. 03 - . •-.: • ~ • - . r $1 50 per cwt: • ' - _ ' •' Ad-val. 5 per ct. Adval. lOper ct. • ' "cd'-^ • " Ad val, 171 per ct. • ; . . ' . . ~ • • fi % O '-. '-_ " -: - Rate of duty. • fl ^ - : • fi^ -- ~ - • • . •^. Value. cd Ad val. 15 p..er ct. - - - ^ . " " ' • : ' • : -I : _ ... , • •-.:- ' - ._ \ ' • •• Ad val. 17| per ct, - - • _ - Ad val. 10 per ct. Gluantity. • _ ' . 113,8571bs. 205,370 '^ 79,252 «.* • - °g. • is-" : | l -. - tL, : ' • . Ad val. 7 | per ct. ?^ o ^ :ti • • 1^ • . - z ^ - ;:_-.. _ , fl • Rate of duty. §)3 • Ad val. 15 per ct. ' .M Value, o fl • Ad val. 10 per ct. cd --12 • ^ i Gluantity. 1790 1791 1792 1793, 1794 1795 1796 17971798 1799 1800' 1801 1802^ 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 J 1817 1818 1819 1820 M A N U F A C T U R E S O F I R O N P A Y I N G AD V A L O R E M RATES NOT SPECIFIED. CASTINGS. ' ^ " ^ . • / ^ - Ad vaL 20 per ct. 72,580 1821 193,817 1822 114,580 1823 147,064 1824 49,262 1825 46,680 1826 67,371 1827 55,640 1828 54,023 1829 22,672 1830 54,771 1831 . 78,921 1832 322,904 1833. 224,763 1834 222,152 1835 235,419 1836 183,708 1-837 .195,252 .1838 ' 291,728 1839 154,227 1840 251,867 1841 1842 196,594 1843 52,839 1844^ ^ 84,434 1 $3,050 /2,502 2,901 3,535 2,979 1,121 2,287 •4,987 17,891 11,940 11,496 13,007 11,063 11,741 16,347 •8,876 13,466 9,911 2,944 3,397 \ 7,037 " ! 10,663- " 14,221 " ' 12,925 '* 2 cents per lb." 1,618,975 lbs. • 1,432,976 '* ...•(.1,103,113 ".. - ' 1,133,140 " 2 cents per lb." • 1,248,157 " 1,157,256 " 1,174,510 " 2,999,039 " 2 cents per lb." 6,080,156 " Compromise -1 -- , 6,831,109 " 2,077,088 - " 2,025,054 " 3,016,026 " .' - " - ' 2,190,588 " -^2,921,877 " . . . . 3,624,488 " |, 3,981,002 " ' " - 2,769,095 " 852,205 " , 2i cents per lb. 1,146,724 " - '• - - . . . V - • - ".;• - _ - - • 1 -"- •" ' •• - ^-' $67,275 55^,526 44,402 44.192 4l',782 38,686 32,14359,545 123,448 152,733 65,683 77,625 105,695 69,698 79,740 115,496 129,633 78,755 33,058 63,264 larid lucent per ib, 1 | cent per lb. .If cent per lb; Compromise - l,li,2i,4&5c'.p.lb |$1,630,129 2,767,757 2,568,842 '2,486,164 3,029,510 3,592 3,202,058 3,225,907 2,725,430 2,908,978 3,735,010 3,894,298 2,831,715 3,470,543 4,116,104 5,870,240 4,495,352 2,635,884 4,949,642 2,204,311 3,455,907 2,617,601 681,281 2,708,923 00 Ad valorem 25 p.ct. Ad valorem 25 p.ct. w Advalorem 25 p.ct. Compromise. O > pi Kl O Ad valorem 30 p.ct. H pi > F—Continued. 00 IRON. B L A C K S M I T H S ' HAMMERS AND SLEDGES. -AN vii. S'o ;• Gluantity. 1790 • 13 ^ '. ^-^i • II • • - • —t • . . - • , : ' • • - • - <D ' . y •^S-. • %- §^ • - - ' - ' • ^ ••is>-. fl-TS. " ^ cd - J ' • „ • - - . .,- ,. • . ^ .. _. C^. rH ... ' ; . ^ -" -- ..: •• ^-^-.B- 'S|^ • 'S'^ •• • ! - - Adval, 20 per .. cent." . ' . . " -• ' ' - • ! " • • • . ' • ' - . ; . - • -Ad-vaW-S-per-eent— w O • fcUD'fl . • : - f; PH. . , o -•" --fl;:,. r:i >^ ?3. 'fl ' • '• : • • ^ • • . ' ' ' - . ' ' " - • • - " ' • - -g^l • -s-^ . '... - ' . - -' Ad val, 30 per cent. - • 1 ' . - - : 'lS-> - - .', - . -' ,20.per --cent. Ad val. :'",-, .. : . "-. , ' Ad val. 17|perct. ' '• • •S.^ ' _• •- hrj -.^:S .. ^ P^ hri ' o :|l- .• • - . '^ - • ^ B . ' CT5 ' - - : • .-- - ^ oi • • il^; ^ • " ' • **^ fl ..QB ._ ..' -. .- •-'1.1 -. _ - Adval. lOpercent. .—> Adval. 17| perct. •" • Ad val. 30 percent.' -• ^:>^' • ss. s • . ^ i§W fS.; • . ' Ad val. 17| per ct. . Ad val. 5 per cent. -S . - . _Ai_v.aL_15_p.er_cent... i the gen rates,-if o) cd " '- •-3 - • . Rate of duty. S Adval. lOpercent. ••- o Value. IS .--o.g • ^ • • • Gluantity. Ad val. 5 per cent. . -3 ^ ' Ad val. 15toercent. ; of duty. Rate Value. S Adval. lOpercent, .,.. '43 - Ad val. 5 per cent. • 1 the geri rates,if 1793 1794 -179-5" 1796 . 17971798 1799 1800: 1801 1802 1803 1804. 1805^ 1806. 1807: 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 18181819 1820 . - 02 <U 'mr 1792 Gluantity. Rate of duty. Value. I the geri rates, if dears'. CABLES AND CHAINS, OR PARTS THEREOF. ^-too OD ^ ^'>.'o 'cd - • .-:- Adval. 30 per cent. - Ad val. 20 per cent. - o' " J 2-. -feo -- . I 1—1 C ; 1 GO O^ 1 1821 1822, 1823 1824 ' 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830. 1831 1832 ' 1833, 1634 1835 1836 1837 1838:. 1839 18.40' 1841 1842 184.3 116,387 lb£ . 596,426 *.* 407;344^ " 1,011,412 " 972,129 -." 699,836 ** 677,246 ^" 1,253,450 " 1,393,295 " 943,203 <^ 989,091 ' " 1,386,293 ' ' 1,573,367 " 1,177,735 «•' ' 524,343 " 1,026,497 " - 324,698 " 558,237 " 518,3,61 *' 266,45'2. " 1844; . 894,565 \ (*) " (*) ".. ' $2,683 2 cerits perpound. - 34;505 r 24,560 .: ' -52;643. 49,171 2 cents perpound. 37,873 . 31,249 64;06477,139 2 cents per pound. : -56,545 Compromise. : 61,260 -": . 83,105 -' 99',283 83,395 ... -: 34,158 ." 71,087 23,203 i 35-,720,. 33,134 : 15,153 2 | cents perpound. - • " : : - _ • 52,573 - _ • " • - " . - - - . . . • • ' . ; 10,144 lbs Jl 7-2',897 " h 22,153 *' \ . 4i;003 " : 5§,855 ' ' ; 65,896 " \\ 75,616 *' ; . 116,166 *' i 90:,637 .*' ' 63,418 *'. 76,888 • *' • 120,328 ** ' 180,329 " 93,931 " : 60,740 *' 116,271 • " 35,729 " ; . 36,150 " -45,231 " 19,307 • *' i 62,528 " \ P02 (*) :'" ; '- 00. OT» 2 | cents per pound; 3;049 3,096 4",249 3;699 2,648 3,769 5,624 9,282 5,253 3V283 6V125^ 1,922 2,015 2,308 1,177 21Q,550 lbs . 423,766 " .-' . . . ' - ' - ' • 431,766 " -- - : 388,893 " - -. --, . • 21 cents per pound. 847,655 " 810,372 " .'\ .: . -i""' 540,628 " : 1,004,5.40 '^ •2| cents per pound. : 2,45.4,360 " . Condpromise. 4,216,261 " 2,931,936 " -' i 2,023,332 " :, 2,925,527. " . \ ..' -" i 2-,332,8'78 '* . 2,089.,259 •" 3,486,810 ** r \ " — ' 2,114,760 " 3,825,038 " ' ! '' ." • 2,488,852 " h ;2| cents perpound. 884,259 " \' • - - ?'6^^ i " 4,460 1,683 2,071 3;o8i " ' - ' • • ' - . . - • . - ' : ;. • • ' _ . " - . . . .... ' - . ' ' - . - - " - . • • • • • ' . - ' • " - " • • ** 2,39,0,1%;." :; ^ See page 166—Manufactures, of iron paying ad valorem rates not specified. $10,491 •3 cents per pound. 33,568 29,140 j 25,624 45,611 3 cents per pound. 41,097 25,855 51,341 106,576 3 cents per pound. 192,022 Compromise. 121,487 86,515 139,731 116,815 '88,597 143,979 89,643' 150,442 92,134 28,858 : 2 | and 4 cts. perlb; .average 30 per cent. 91,943 W a I 1 o d CD 3. F—Continued. o IRON. RIFLES. Rate of duty.. Value. Gluantity. ~ - Rate of -duty. Ad val. .5 per cent. Ad vaL 5 per cent. Ad val. 15 per ct. " Ad val. 17| per ct. Ad val. 30 per ct. Ad val. 20 per ct. Gluantity." -• Ad val. 15 per ct. • - . . .S, • - - Ad val.-15 per ct. h . ' ' '15«+H f Rate of duty. Value. Ad val. 5 per ct. <u 1 ... Adval. 17| perct. Ad val. 30| per ct. Adval. 20 per ct. r t CO From 1790 to.l820 included in the general aggregate c ' paying ad valorem rates, if any importatior Value. From 1790 to 1820 included in the general aggregate of all articles paying ad valorem rates, if any importatio-ris 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 ISOO 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805. 1806 .1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 18]3 18 J 4 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 Gluantity. From 1790'to 1820 included-in the general aggregate of all articles • paying ad valorem-rates, if any importations. Years. SIDE AND F I R E A R M S . .' MUSKETS. c I I c 1- Adval. 171 perct. V h H t • - • ' Ad val. 30 per ct. Ad val. 20 per ct. rH c 1821 1822 1823 •1824 . 1825 1826 •-1867 1828 • 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 • 1835 • 1836 -1837 1838 -18.39 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 (*) - 2,140 $2,754 28,125 91,998 65,689 18,188 "4,110 . 13,176 • . 7,09126,679 13,937 44,7l5 8,341 25,142 1,079^ 2,946 4,399 14,239 34,421 11,160 71,876 23,749 • 17,108 40,093 • 18,807 53,617 • 3,584 13,343 6,409 21,114 3,294 •8,438' •' 8,824 . • 34,200 7,879 21,506 7,405 17,739 1,035 447 12,359 17,945 (*) ' 2 $1 50 per starid . ^ • • . • V V • - . • ' . ~• - • - . - ^ • ' -^ $1 "50 per stand . Coinpromise -^ • • • ' - . . • • , ' • ^ - ,. - ' ^' . . . - . ' - • . ' - - • - - . • ' :- 56 . - • ^ 69 24 17 $1 50 per starid " 781 1,841 -. 277 .110 - _' - 46 158 •^ 14 - ' • • - ' • - "I " ; - , - ' '." . ' 976 ' 771 354 " . - • . ' " ' • - - . . • • . ; ' - " " - - • . 370 $2 50 each 196 Ol "- • . -'. ' -: ' ". ". • • • ' - ' -'• -. •.: - "- . '•- • 349 $2 50 each . ' 663 Compromise 1,283 "1,362 1,410 ". 3,530 -- . .'. .V1,722 1,086 ." ":^ ' . '. 96 $2 .-50 each 125 85 193 ". • GO - - -=6 10 8 18 23 41 97 224 148 227 126 $1 50 per stand (*) $15 $2 50 each 12 . . ^ _ - • • . . " . " . - -^. fi^' - • . $7,820 134,88f 111,207 105,175 106,887 132,224 179,153 214,194 305,205 231,903 289,577 351,135 658,306 577,033 193,683 267,517 134,785 125,116 101,647 27,615 73,214 Ad val. 30 per cent. ' Adval. 30 percent. W. Adval. 25 &30 pr.ct Compromise. • ^ - ' o >' ? o Ad val. 30 per cent. .ffi * See page 166—Manufactures of iron paying ad valorem rates not specified. > w d 3 F---IContinued. IRON. WOOD-SCREWS. B R A Z I E R S ' R O D S , OR R O U N D S . S C R E W S W E I G H I N G 2 4 POUNDS AND U P W A R D S . Years. Gluantity. 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798. 1799 1800 • 1801 1802 1803. 1804 • 1805' 1806. 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1'81'5 1816: 1817 1818 . i:8i9 1820, Value. Rate of d u t y . - A d val. 5 per cent. (Quantity. . Value. (Quantity. R a t e of d u t y . . - A d val. 5 per cent. •} ia r 13 Adval. lOpercent. - Cd " 'id • ... A d val. 15 per «cent. ' - — ,, A d val. 10 per cent. . cd- "3 !>. - " * • rr-i B ^ U, n^ O «^ • 'fi^ • L . .s^'• - 00 fl .g*^. . TH ' _ • " • , . • . - - I d t>> JH -H • ! br> , • - " o fe. - . •^-'. Cd fl ' ' ^ A d val. 20 per cent. - ^ - •• • : • • - - - - - / ' ..'•. • • .( 1 J _ S'^ _ r * j - s j - ' • • .i . i • - A d val. 15per cent. •.'-; - :, • - - . il fl -5^ - A d v a l . 1 7 | percent. g i ; -S a \ - ^S^ : '.\ I !Ad val. 30 p e r c e n t . J CJ cu fl > ^ i^ '-H fl , "' A d val. 30 per cent. -. Ad val. 20 per cent. 2 > ,• ' • -' . < - - - • . A d v a l . 20 p e r c e n t . _- r 1 .• I i. • fe . I ; : -I'S. ' fl .03 • a O) SH ^Id ' o ;> 'g'^. S fl- A d v a l . 1 7 | per cent. .' . ' : ' I'l : ;• 1 . ,"-• • ^. ! _ • ' :. ' . .. _ - '. _ „ .. • _ ' . _" .. ' A d v a l . 30 per cent. ._ .' _ . A d val. 10 per cent.. <u. o : • - .. . -.- :, '• A d v a l . 1 7 | per cent. - ^ • „- " ^ bS) - bD2 <o u, - .. A d val. 5 per cent. eg . - feJ3P. - • •—t A d val. 15- per cent. <D.O , ^t: : Rate of d u t y . . Value. _ - ..." g"^ g oUt fe 1821 1822 1823 •1824 1825' 1826 1827 1828 .1829. 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 18371838 1839 1840 1841 1842. 18431844. ..' (*) -, 2,128 224;086 498,404 771,944 730,031 169,531 ^218,428 487:^0.13 525,313 506,447 297,529 254;665 537;817 450,817 319,474 852,695 433-,620 367,090 1,178,374 378,415 805,906 lbs. ": " '» " « " ' " *' ** " " ' " « «' " " , " . " «* " • > " . . • . ' • • • • . ' ° . •! . - •- . \ — - • • • ^ •• • -"^ 1 i .r - I - "'-' j1 •.<*> I $5,206| Advalorem 30 prcti; I' 67,316; . . - , - • . -..--.'• _ 1 j. 86,285: 112,790: •'--" "' t 87,100 Ad valorem 40;:pr ct.; -• - '• '-'- . . j 61,967: '' 66,817: "" ! -• "' • ' -. ' j 112,545 . - • ' - -" ' 1 ; - • •• 1 1 133,698i Advalorem 3(>prct/ \ 11-0,3431 . Coriipromise." •' • . I 141,560; . " i 150,9631 •I f 16-1,769; -.1 1. 145,565j r. . '; 107,2561 .... \ 166,570' 131,986: .' 138,527 i ! . . . . • [ 113,469; •; 40,260 lbs. -7,551 12 cents per lb-. 30,488 " . 6,135 ' " -- ' i • ;• • ' ' - " • ' ' • • - ' . - • • - . - • ' • - • " - •:, • . . . ' • - . ; i Ad valorem 30 pr c. Compromise. .- ; • . ! '•? • ;- ' ••' •Ol • $ 6 ' Advalorem 30 pre. 160 954 • 81.. 2,598 Ad yalorem 40pre. - -2,640 17 .. •- ' I •'••- 00 . ^ ! ; • • - . . ^ ' . . - 1 ; ! j -. $67' 3 cents per lb. 1-2,578 . "- . -. - ' r • .1 23,600 { 2-7,308 25,833 3 | cents per lb. i: ^,164 5,945 '- • i 13,660 13,727 3 cents per lb. ] 12,834 Compromise. • 10,017. :. . . -7,428 . 21,764 21,792 ... ' . 10,648 27,942 47,78212,843 37,767 ( " 11,005 2 | cents per lb. 29,452** : > ,(*) • — i j. . . 1 " • ; . • '; i 1 w o P^ > P^ O . j 1Adyalorem30prc. i • . • - - •hrj \ W * See page .i.66^^Manufactures oif iron paying ad valoreiri rates-riot specified. > .w CO F—Continued. IRON. ' CUTTING KNIVES, SCYTHES, SICKLES. REAPINGHOOKS, SPADES, AND SHOVELS. . MILL SAW5 Years. /, . . x/x • ^ cd Id . - . • ^ f OT <^ C3 Ad valorem 5 pr ct. " fl O S)5,. • - fl ' • . . <U.tw ^1. -3 g CM bJD S.5 •• (5 ^ (3^ • .: V - ' - .' -^ . : OT _ • I d ;>> ^ res B cu OJ r ^ SH • Ad valorem 30 prct. O oi. S fl -. 1 1—i , B _ . - ' - 2 P^ • ^.d^ • • - . . , . - • ' •. • - . - CU '^ ^' • . _ .'_ . : -. . . _ - • Advalorem 15 pre. . •• t 4 _ . . , 0 OT - - - ' • . - - ' - . - - • ' cd ,g - -' Ad valorem 17| pr c. - Ad .valorem 10 pre. - • _ • Ad valorem 5 pr c. OT _ - Rate of duty. Cd "43 ' ._ - - • . b fl _ , ' • : . . . _ • • ; ' • . -- . ' ' - - • •Value. Gluantity. Ad valorem 15prct.' . il ,H cd ^ f l SH • Ad valorem 10prct. • =&l - Ad valorem 20 prct. TH s s fe' . - " ^ O j5 Ad valorem 171 pre. - .. -, . -gt : • .. Ad valoreni 5 pr ct. r cd - - . . -. : -. : : -. .- . . . . . - • OT - Rate of duty. <u o •<U OT ; . g . • Value. 13 • ' V • . - - ", "* • 1 • • -_ ' -Ad valorem 15 prct. " . -' fl ^ - Advalorem 10 prct. -"SBr -f-' ' •- le gene s, if an 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 " 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 . 1803 1804. 180.5 1806 1807 1808 , 1809". 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 . Gluantity. Rateofduty. Value. he gene es, if a Gluantity. MILL CRANKS AND MILL IRONS, OF WROUGHT IRON. ... _.- Ad valorem 30prct. fi '.'fi: -_ '. • _' . • - Advalorem 17| pre - " u i§ • 1 1 - .s ^.o cd • 00 bJi' ^ fl Advalorem 20 prct. _ • • fl S .-...-. ... .: -. , ' : s'? . g""- , -,.. - rH B O fe -" Ad valorem 30 pre. Ad valorem 20 pr c. 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844- (.*). (*) $6,095 80,621 81,457 105,329 . 119,849 77,262 95,004 118,743 133,677 97,071 114,003 97,626 137,378 133,949 49,520 88,126 63,515 60,035 52,953 10,602 Ad valorem 30 p.ct. Ad valorem 40 p. ct. Ad valorem 30 p.ct, Compromise - Ad valorem 30 p.ct. 1,073 No, li559 " 1,499 " : 1,357 " 2,758 "' 4,126 " 4,395 " 5,679 " 4,121 '' 2,540 " 2,445 " 3,055 ' ' 4,161 " • 3113 " 1,752 '' 2,241 " 575 " 635 " , 1,498. " /225 " 1,481 " -- $1,573. 6,022 6,076 5,322 8,766 12,536 ^2,252 16,160 11,964 7,865 . 7,578 ^•^8,813 13,936 10,271 5,572 7,385 1,874 2,255 5,253 - 846^ 4,344 . 00 _ $1 each . (*) 4 cents per lb. • - - . . - $1 each -: -w. ' ". - $1 each Compromise - - 354 lbs '- 37 " 557 •" 300 " 2,781 "• 20 " - • - .. - : - ' • -- ' •' ^ $1 each 61 10 20 4 cents per lb. 50 200 3 4 cents per lb.. 617 *' 52 235 " 11 H o > o -- 4 cents per lb. ffl * See page 166—Manufactures of iron paying ad valorem rates not specified. > in % Ol F—Continued. IRON. DRAWlNG-KNIVES, AXES, A D Z E S , AND SOCKET CHISELS. BRIDLE BITS OF ALL KINDS. STEELYARDS, SCALE BEAMS, AND VICES. Years. Ad valorem 5 p.ct. Advalorem id p.ct. Ad valorem 15:p..ct' • - ' i Advalorem 17|p.ct. . . . .. Ad valorem 30-p. ct. r . • Ad valorem 20 p. ct. Gluantity. • Value. Rate of duty. Gluantity. Ad valorem 5p. ct. Ad valorem 10 p. ct. Ad vailorem ISp.'ct. Advalorem 17|:p. ct: Ad valorem 30 p. ct. Ad valorem 20 p.ct. ... a. -i- • From 1790 to 1820 included in the general aggregate of all articles payirig advalorem rates,-if any importatioris. Rate of duty. Value. From 1790-t;o 1820 in eluded, in.the-general aggregate of all articles paying ad valorem rates, if any importations: 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 • 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804' 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815. 1816 1817 1818 1819' 1820 From 1790 to 1820 included in the. gen eral aggregate of all articies paying ad valorem rates, if any importations. Gtuantity. Value. Rate of duty. . Ad valorem 5 p.ct. Ad yalorem. 10..p. ct. Ad yalorem 15p.ct. 1 Ad valorem 17| p. ct. ! Advalorem 30 p.ct. Ad valoreni 20 p.ct.. 1821 ' , 1822 1823 1824 1825.. 1826 1827 • 1828: 1829 1830 1831 • 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836^ 1837 1838. 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 '.". • • <j O ^ <j ? 1 S^ • . . • •. - p) . : -' " > • .D _ '^ Ad valorem 25 pr ct. ( * ) ^' - " -' e.) • - - • ' - • . . (*) • . ' Ad yalorem 25prct. . 00 Ol' (*) i • - -• , Ad. valorem 25 pr ct. * - . --' - -. .,.• . --. C) . $6,392 19,287 , 29,007 30183 62,774 40,126 41,935 • 48,852 68,422 62,458 ' 46,812 . 54,873 22123 24,732 14,552 _3,575 • ^ " . Ad val. 25 & 30 prct: .-: . -• - -..- ': ' -' - - ( . * ) -- . . - , . • - - -. • - • •- . . - ' . * • ' - ' Ad valorem 30 pr ct. . • ^ . • . • - ' -. - 1 . _ • Adval. 25 &30'prct. Compromise. $7,445 Ad valorem 25 prct. .4a,331 * 62,27i - 80,,637 , ' • 99,977 Ad valorem 25 pr ct. Cornpromise., " • . ' -. • '. .. -•- . •; ---.. -: . • -. • -. .: (*) - -r . . - - . •' " • • - - . - _ • • ' :.- - • . .--.- •. - • ..-.'..' ' • - ..: -. - . " • ' - - • , - , • " - :• . - :. • • - . "- . - ' • - Ad yalorem. 30 pr ct. - . . - - • - • - - . " - • , : • " . - ' - . • -. . - ' (*), $3,804 •32,484 -30,899 67,609 67,613 47,560 ... 37,880 56,386 92,028 68,286 32,482 51,548 15',468 22,197 17,509. 4,016 Ad valorem 35 prct. Ad valorem 30 pr ct. Compromise. ' - W . o > oAd valorem 30 pr c . . ' See^page 166—iVtanufactures of iron paying ad valorem rates riot specified. > .w a 5 F—•Gontinued. 00 IRON. O L D AND; S C R A P . Gluantity. From. 1790 to 1820 included in the-general aggregate of all articles : • paying .ad valorem rates, if any importations. : :1790 : 1791 1792 1793 1794 . 1795 : 1796 1797 1798 . .1799: :i800. •1801 •1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 .1809. .181.0 1811 1812 1813 • .1814 .1815.1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 , Value. Rate of duty. ,. Gluantity... Ad valorem 5pr. ct. ro 13' Advalorem lOpr'ct. . Ad valoreni 15 pf ct. ; Value. ^ -••- ^ STEEL. Rate of duty. Gluantity. Ad valoi^m 5 pr. ct: Ad valorem 10 pr ct. JH "2 Ad.valorem 15 pr ct. :-. : ^. . . ^ ro •Ofl '- a o ^- ^li bJ)pL, . • " .^ -fB- ' r Ad val. 17| pr. ct. - , - p . .cd a3t.<+H.. Adval. 17| pr. ct. .flS • • - . - *^ a <u <u Ad valorem 20 pr.ct. .;> 0> cd 00 ^ rH fl Ad valorem 30 pr ct. o"^ . , -^ rt . o P^ • ^ : . - S o .p fe-" o . . <^ : ^ ' ° ' . . . Ad yalorem 30 prct. Ad.yalorem 20 pr ct. • - •- . - - -tVIRE, C A P , A N D B O N N E T . 'From 1790 to 1820 included in the generabaggregate of all articles • ' . paying ad valoreni rates, ifan'y importations. Years SQUARES OF IRON AND . .Value. Rate of duty. Ad valorem 5 pr. ct. Advalorem 10 prct. Ad valorem 15 pr ct. Ad val.. 17| pr; ct. ' ' - • Ad valorem 30 pr ct. Ad valorern .20.pr ct. 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 -1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833. 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842. 1843 1844 1 (*> ^ « (*) • •A . . . • • ^ - i • Ad val. 25 per ct. ' • (-*) . 62i cents per cwt. " ' - • - . - - - .- - , . - . • . • . ' - • - ' Ad val. 35 per ct. • , - • — . , ^ ' . - - • - - (*). ' , - Ad val. 30 per ct. (*) -. Adval. 30 perct; w ' • • • - . - . • (*) . 6,205 29,106 10,161 1,223 1,499 7,355 3,543 10,514 1,435 911 4,160 •o *See page 166-—Manufactures of iron paying ad. valorem rates not specified. • - . OO Ol . Ad val. 30 per ct. " $2,864 Coinpromise. 4,867 6,395 .13,261 -. 5,968 4,370 .. 6,787 3,041 '- ' 1,986 1,767 47 Ad val. 30 per- ct. . - : (*) ' ^ r . ... Ad val.. 25 per ct.. - (*) '.. i.. 'iS (*) ^ . 62| cents per c-wt.. .(*) 19,963 cwt. $24,035 Conipromise 32,746 " • •' 33,243 _ -r 12,806 " 11,609 24^953 " 28,224 :-A . £ 15,333 " 18,391 'r 8,739 " 7,567 r ', 11,783 ** 10,161 . i 14,142 " 15,749 15;670 " 10,537 13,713 '' 8,207 3157 " 2,743 $10 per ton 7 42,663 " 43,396 "i • ( * ) - . . - • ' ' lbs. ", " *^ *'^ " " " " '* " -^ -- 12 cents per pound Compromise. $1,079 2,931 1,394 -'• .378 1,019 3,899 2,262 ' ' . . 6,366 393: 541 8&12cts.p. pound 1,983 a > o •ffl > w a <l CO F—-Gontinued. 00 . o IRON. SCREWS, OTHER THAN w o o l ) ] ~ . • NEEDLES.—-SEWING, KNITTING, &C. . SAD, H A T T E R S ' , AND TAILORa' IRONS. Years. Gluantity,; • .Value. •Rate of. duty. '. (Quantity:.;. ; Value; - . .Rate of duty. . :"Gluantity. ••.• • Value;-; Rate of duty. . - i . 1790 1791 1792 1793: . 1794 1795 17961 179:7 1798. 1799 18O01801. 1802 1803 1804 • 1805 • 1806 • 1807. 18081809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 181718,18 • 1819 1820' 1 Ad val: 5 per cent. • " Ad.val. 10 per-ct. Adval. 15-per ct. Ad val. 17| per ct. Ad val. SO.per ct. Ad val. 20. per ct. • Ad val. 5 per cent. Ad val. 10 per ct;-. Aid'vak 15-per;cti -A .. - ' . Adval. 17i.per ct. • - .. Ad val.'30/per c,t. - J ,Adval-.:20pe'r ct.. From 1790 to 1820ancludedin the gejierfil aggregate of all arti cles. pay• • - ing ad valorem rates, if-any importatio.ns.. ' ^. From 1.790 to 1820 included in the general a;ggregatie. of all articles . • paying ad valorem rates, if. kny iniportations.' . From 179.0 to 1820"included in the general aggregate,of a.11 articles • . -paying ad valorern rates,, if any i.mp:o.rt.aLt^ . '-. • • . . . . - . Adval. 5 per cent. Ad val. 10 per ct. Ad val.: 15.per ct. . - , - . ' • * , Ad val. 17i per-ct. Adval. 30 perct,, Adval. 20 perct. 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 . 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 . 1834 1835 1836 1837" -1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 •1844 . .f) -(*>..•• f 00 •Ol r) A d v a l . 25 per cent. • e) A d vai. 25 per cent. '(^fi-'l Ad vaL 25 per cent. Ad val. 20 per cent. Ad val;. 25 per cent. Ad val. 20'per cent. Free v :.-.Compr.omise •*. Ad val. 20 per cent. Compromise. w A d vaL. 25 per cent. C o m p r o m i s e .- o. •I om See'value (^.) -"$256- A d val. 30 per cent. See-vJilue. $T,345- :Ad val. 20 per cent. "28^474 lbs.: 261646 " ; * See page 166—^Manufactures of iron paying ad valoreni rates riot ^specified. .: $1,275 2^ cents per lb. .- -852 • ^ F—Continued. 00 IRON. A X L E T R E E S , OR P A R T S CAST BUTTS OR H I N G E S . Years-. Gluantity. 1790 00 1791 13 1792 •X3- ,. • . 1793 d 1794 1795 p fl 1796 .2^-2 1797 .1798.. ^3 1799 1800 1801 1802 m. fl .-.1803 - 1804 pfl 2 1805-' 1806 fl >1807 '^ B ' 1808 QJ cu 1809^ 1810 1811 O) ai 1812 1813. 1814' . S'S- • oo> 1^ 1815 t1816 1817 • s 1818 • o 1819: • fe. . 1820 • JH ,_ '_ -.• . - . ' " - . ' . • , ' • • - . , : . . - . • .-_ ... ' . . - • . •• • - : y - ' . , > -. : . • .•. : . • - °fl <u - o • ' ••• I f •• - s^p. _ . • fl • • - • • ' . . . •_ -r - . - _ _ * ."^ . • ^ •- r ^ .: '. - .. : . • - .- Adval. lOpercent. - Ad yal. 15 per cent. • r Ad vai: 171 per ct., cd_g <u c . fl ai bX3-pH r- -- , Ad val. 5 per cent. &!' . . . T' • ' I . ' Rate of duty. o-g. ^ o. • Adval. 17i.per ct. - ^ •s- . . • ? - . Adval. 15 percent. .fl (D «S fl . - Ad. val. 1 7 | per ct. - .^ Ad val. 10 per cent- 'T'"' 1^ - . - Value. . <v -' -.' Adval. 15per cent.. • _ ' 13' •43 . JH • - ;• • _ - Gluantity. Ad val. 5 per cent. <u , ' Ad val. lOpercent.: - ' .. "WROUGHT I R O N , F O R S H I P S , L O C O M O T I V E S , &C. Rate of duty.. . Ad. val. 5 per cent. ^ ^s- . Value. Gluantity. Rateof duty. •Value. THEREOF. . - - rfl cu • - .fl . s . - 0) a; .. . . •• - It o> rt Ad val. 30 per cent. . - - " :, -: ' -§ ° . •- - " - • '_ • - .' • - ' _ Ad val.'20 per cent. . -•^ • - . . S ^ g s J^ _ . ' • 2 S^ • feo - - • - -•_ .r . - fl t=* • o cd Adval. 30 per cent: - - . . . - .' _ -s^ • - . . r''' • . . Adval,,gOpercent. - "-i.fl • • • •*-' c d • _ O-P. ' 05 t— Ad vai. 20 per.cent: • • " f ' - . Adval, 30 per cent. . TTi '• " J' • B o fe' -• : L _ - • . " . . ' , T 1821 '.: - O .• 1822 1823 *_.: Ad val. 25 per.cent. 1824 . 1825 1826 .1827 .. - ., >. Ad val.. 25 per cent. 1828 • :. ::.. 1829, 1830 1831 Ad val. 25 per cent. 1832 Compromise. 1833 • .1834 1835 '' 1836 1837 1-838 1839 1840 1841 -1842 $19,043 2§ .cents per lb. 312,789 lbs. 1843: :987,7-3'5 - " :•."• 53,877: •1844 ~ -' " ' . • ; ( • • - < : • • •• - • ( * ) -'•^M: .'-^ > - . . . (*) . • - - . ( • * ) • . . . -- . • • Ad val. 25 per cerit. . ( * ) , - : (*) -. Adval. 25per cent. - Ad val. 25 per cent. 00 M^ 0\ • • ..^*^. p> :' . :" - • •: Ad: val. 25 per cent; (*), w .' - Ad val. 25 per-cent. Corimpromise. . n -. Adval. 25 per cent. Compromise. ." • o . p^ H h "• - 3 )< O 8,681 Xb's:. 8,322 "• '. $441- 4.cents per lb... 1,153 . See page 166—Manuifactures of iron paying ad valbre^^^ . . - • • • . . - . ' . $450. 12,195 lbs. ' . 4 cents per lb.. • .ffl 1 ^ h9' •g > •? •• r - \ '. . • - . m a «! pi 00 .CO G. GO Tahle showing the quantity bfi Goal imjjorted into the United States each year .since the organizdiion.ofi the Government.to the present period^ with the value and rate ofi duty. COAL. Years. Gluantity. 1790.... .1791 . • 1792..... Rate of duty. Remarks. 3 cents per bushel. 4 | cents per bushel. 1793 : 1794.... 1795 •1796 .1797 1798 , 1799 • 1800 1801.;.. 1802.... 1803.... 1804.... ^1805..... 1806....' 1807...^, -180a-.-.-^ 1809. -.... 1810..... 1811...... 1812 1813..... 1814 1815...... 1816 1817 1818 1819..... 1820..... Value. j5 cents-per-ibushel. - 616,483 bushels. - 445,417 " • .419,460 " 281,269 "498,543. " 311,146 '' 569,425 «r -140y928364,618 392,857. 96,512 101,193 25,333 25,121 From annual reports of the Secretary of the Treasury from 1790vto 1820. 10 cerits per bushel. 5" cents perbushel, heaped. 921,832 785;,077 673,711 I $91,352 627,737 ** 1821...... 1 _ 139,790 970,828 " 1822....... ~ - ' 1 F r o m annual, statements furriished b y the Register- of the T r e a s u r y , and )• submitted to Congress b y . t h e Secretary.of the T r e a s u r y , in obedience to' 111,639 854,983 " 1823...... the act of F e b r u a r y 10, 1820. _ 111,541 6 cents per bushel, heaped. 764,815 " : 1824........ 108,527 1825...... 722,255 " -. . 970,021 " .. . 1 4 5 , 2 6 2 1826...... 142,677 .' 1 8 2 7 . . . . . . -1,127,388 "•. . . '"' . 1828 906,200 V* . 104,292 " • • 1 8 2 9 . . . . . . . . ., 1,272,970 ** ': 145,993 " 204,773 1,640,295- •'' • 1830...... ' '"' , .....r.- . . : J 108,250. 183Uv-.... 1,022,245 " :- ^ 211,017. 1832...... 2,043,389 «'. 2,588,102 '' 261,575 Compromise act. 1833 .xlComirierce and imvigation of the IJriited States. • 200,277 1834 • 2,005,522 '-'^ 1835....... 1,679,li9 -'•' 143,461' -• 244,995 1836...... 3,036,083 . " . •. • -362,079: 1837...:.. 4,268,598 *' ..:1838....'.. 3,614,320 «'. •308,591' •5,083,424 *' 415,761 1839...... " : 1840. 4,56'0,287 •''' • • ' 387i238-1841...... 4,351,032 '' 369,352 - 1842 3,962,610 • '? 380,635 .- :i Comrnerce and navigation of the United States, (nine m o n t h s only.) 116,312 $1 75 per ton.. • 41,163 t o n s . " 1843..;... Commerce and navigation of the United States. 236,963 1844 .. 87,073 " " - - • - . . • • " . - • - ^ . • • . ' • •- 00 . Ol • • - • ' - • ' . • ' w O •W - - « - - O • • • - . • ffl t^ > 00 '9f8l] 6V ^ cn:. . 0 . • ^ ^ ' ' ,ro ^ ^ 0. g-sr. • • • • : ' ,^ . ' MayJ >O,1830. M a y ! J4, 1828. - '. -" May :19, 1.828.-: May 22, 1824. March.3, 1819. Aprii;20, 1818. , Aprii 2b,, .181.8. ' April 27,1816.-:' • - M a y s )9, 1830. .; ^ 0 (t) • -." • . March 2,1833, ' 3Hi li Angus .30,1842. Sept;! ] 1,1841. J u l y l 4, 1832. 1. , • . truly ] 3, 1832. • . • fi^ May i19, 1830, , • - SL'*^: • ^ • • ' • : r- .'.g^l • . : Q f . " MM r ; CP ' . • • . , • . 1 •i 1.... , • . (T> «- ^1' • 2.."d d-o fl o' : .>-.-. - J—CD . rj fl^« .- cr*^'--. ' - £ . ^ . • M tr- M (D ' " d . ^ CD .•M g . siHoaaTi -CT)-- • - ••.&• .0 0 0 •'.2:^ • CD . - ,. • Feb. 5, 1816. July 29,1813. .July 1,181.2. March 27, 1804. ,. March 26,1804. ; May 13, 1800. .'July 8,. 1797. March'3,M797-. Jan. 29., 1795. • .June 7, 1794; , May 2, 1792. March 3j 1791. -August 10,1790. -July 4,1789. 98t H. 00 Ol Table showing the quantity ofi Sugars imported into the United States each year ^since the organization ofi the Government to the "-^ . present period; with the value and rate ofi duty. SUGARS. Years. 1790... 1791... 1792... 1793... 1794... 1795... 1796>.; 1797... 1798... 1799... isoo:.-. Ciuantity. , 22,719,457 pounds. 21,919,066 " .22,499,588 " 37,291,988 ••''• > 33,645,772 " •37,582,-507 • ". 25,403,581 . " •49.767,745 "• 33,206,395 ^' 57,079,636 ' '' ' 50,537;637 . " .47,882,376 ." 39,443,814. *' 151,066,934 '* 55,070,013 " . 68,046,865- • ' I 73,318,649 " . 65,801,81-6 ^' • 84,853,633 " 12,381,320 "^. 29,312,307 " ' 55,332,214 '•'' 60,166,082 " 31,364,276 •' 20,^670,168- " 54,732,763 " 35,387,963 " 65,591,302 >'• 51,284,983 " " 1801... 1802.:.. 1803'... 1804... 1805.'.. 1806:.. .1807... 1808... •1809... 1810... 1811..-. 1812... 1813... 1814:.. 1815... 1816..-. 1817... 1818... ' Value. Rate of duty. lg, 2 | , and 5 eents per lb. Ig:, 2g, and 6 cents per lb. lgarid.3 cents per lb.' Ig, -2, and 3,cents-per lb. 1 g, 2g, and 3 cents per lb.. 3g, 5, and 6- cents per lb. .3, 4, and 12 cents per lb. Remarks. From annual reports of the Secretary of the Treasury, from do. do. do.do. do. do. do. . do. do. db. ; do. .. do. • do. do. . do. . do. do. \ do. do. do. do. do. do. . -. do. do. do. do. do. '-'• do. do. do. do. do. . do. : do; . . . . do. do. do. do.. do. ' ..^0do. . - • .. do..; -. . . . do. . L . -' do.. . . • "do.. . . . . , < do. .:• . ••: do.. :. . . . do. * . • do.., do. do. do. • do. .: do. •: . do. . do, do. ,• dp. do. ^ do. • . do. do. do. - do. . . do. do. do. do. . doV - -: •'• ' ..do.do.. .. / . do. do. do. do.. do. do. do. do. . do. do. do. do. 1790 to 1820, do. do. do: do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do./. do. do. do.do. do. do. do. do.. -do; do. do, do. do. H-^—Continued, . ^ Years. ; .Gluantity.' Value. •00 .GO SUGARS. Rate of duty. • -Remarks. •3, 4,and 12 cents per lb. From anhual reports of the'Secretary ofthe Treasury, frorh 1790 to 1820. 1819,.,.-..-' 71,665,401 pourids. db. do. , do. do. ^ 1 8 2 0 ' : . . . . . •51,537,888 . " • -' 1821...... 59,512,835 " $3,553,582 From annual statements furnished by the Register of .the Treasuryj. and • •1822.'..-... 88,305,670 " 5,034,429 - submitted to Congress by. the Secretary of the Treasury, in obedience to 1823...... 60,789,210 " • 3,258,689 the act bf Februar.y 10, 1820. . . . '..,,-• -'-1824.V.'..-. 94,37.9,76'4. i.' : 5,165,800 . 1825'.-...:-.. 71,771.,.479 : ": ' - 4,232,530" . L ' . • -.. Commerce-and navigation .ofthe .United States. 1 8 2 6 ; . . . . V .'84,-902,955 "- . ' 5,311,6.31. do. do., do. 1827.'.-....." •76;-70i;'629. " • 4,577,361 •-... • '-. . • do. do. ' . do. 1828. . . . r . " . 56,935,951 " ' ' 3,546,736 ,- .do. . . do. : do-. . 1829...... 63,307,294 " 3,6-22,406 : db. ... do. do'.. 1830 •86,483;046 " ' 4,630,342 --'.' do. do... ' . do. . ' . 1 8 3 1 . . . . . . , 109;014;654 *' 4,910,877 do. . do. . . do. 1832:...... 66,452,288 " • 2,933,688 2 | , 3-|, and 12 cents perlb. ' do. ^do. do. 1833:..... 97,688,132 "4,752,343 . Compromise. ' do. 'do. . do. • ^ 1834...-..-. -115,389,855-. :-''- . 5,537,829 do. do; • .do. , .: 1835^..'...; 126,03-6v239. • " . - ^ -6,806,174 do; do. • do. 1 8 3 6 . . . . . ' . 191,426,115 < ' ' 12,514,504 do. do. .. do. . 1 8 3 7 . . . . ; . 136,139,^9 *' 7,202,668 ... . -' do. do. do. • , 1838.-.-.v.. 153-,879,143 " - ' 7,586,360' --. • .do^. ^.. do. . . . do.' • ' •• . . .. 1839 195,231,273 " 9,919,502 'db.- ••• do. ' do. 1840... •... 120,9.39,'585 '** '5,580,950 do. do. do. . 1 8 4 1 . . ' . . . . 184,-264-,881 *' . 8,-802,708 do. do. do. 1842.. 173,863,555 '.' 6,503,434 - .' •do. do. do. (9•months-only.-') 1843...... 71,335,131 *' '• •2,532,279 2 | , 4, "and-e cents'per lb. do. do. . do. ^ . ^ 1844 .186,804,578. " . 7,195,700 - .- .- •- '. ^ •- - • ' ;• ' • ' . . • • . • ' - — • - • • . - - ^ - - . . - - . • ' • • . ' • ' : . • - '..'-- • - . . - . • . . . : - { . • • • . ^ • . . ' H m O Hrj - . . -'-. • ' * . ^ >3 mKl . _ . - ' hj Q > ' . P3 H • " • - • - - • . , ' - . ' - • - : - - . . - • -- • • .- : - • : . ' - . ; - . - . ' ; ' - • .• -' - •• • • , , . . . ' . . ' • • • - ' ^ . 00* H—Continued. 00 Ol ^ • " • .-- •• . ' ' • • . O c3:5 - c— 05 .- rH< 'Sugars. - ° •- <£ ' ... ** .^ .,.. • bD fl. • <1 . - B r o w n . . . • . . . ; . ^ . . . . . . . . . ' . . . ' ' . . . .1 ct. p.er lb.. l i Ct. p e r l b . "yV-hite..^...-.-...^. . . . . . . . . . . v . ' . . . . l | c t . p e r l b . 2g c t s . p e r l b . Clayed, or clarified-;. Refined. . . : . . . . .:.•.. ,3 Cts. per lb. 5 cts. per lb. "SYrup of cane. . f. , : . • . ' . • ' ':' ^- >; § ^•,. . - -.. t' r—1 - CO CM t^ CM Qi •• . ' •'•• d ai • ^ s CO CO 1—i • - .•§ - r-. • • - d ..; " _. 2 cts. per lb. 'I5 Cts. p e r l b . - -" • : CO s CM ^. ^ - p^ .-. ">%-- d ^' _ _. - - § -- cn 'c^ ' .r—i >-»' JH JH 00 rri . QO rH rCM -i CM . s- 2 | cts. p e r l b . _ •- ^ T-i . ^ ' ^ - l-i- ... .. - . , • tOi trH 0 Oi tr—i .cn . .Oi . t— CO • .fl , .„ H-i . Oi ., r ^ t-s . 5 cts. per lb: 3 cts. per lb. • 6 cts. p e r Ibj. 3'cts..per .lb*. -.- • " • - .: ' ' r * - ; • " '6 ctsv per lb. •- 03 O fd' WH • ! > • •> O . H—C ontinued. • , • Sugars. ir>"' t o ' .d . OJ fe-. . td; : •-. . 06 r-r • c© - CX), ^ ;•• Brown. "White......... Clayed, or clarified Refined........ S y r u p of-'carie,- •. . , CM rH 00 • 1—i- OOrH- 0 CM 00 T-ri 00 r-i • •-.rH 1—i • CM s f-H ' • § • ••r; ''^II ' ffl • oi - '...65' " ^ - : :^- CO ^ „ •§ ••§-- • ^ . rH . rH .- -1- ai- a. • 1 -' .-- • : : rt • _ • S rH. - -^ >—• >> !-i • § • • . :... 5.Cts. p e r l b . 3 Cts. per lb. .3-cts. p e r lb. •4 ctSi per lb. -. •. ' . . .' 6;cts. per lb. "12 cts. p e r l b . • • 1-i 1 ^ -, _ • r-i 00 rH • CM 1 CO 'b.D • . <u. (72 ' 2g cts. p e r l b . 3^cts-.per-lb'. 12 cts. per lb. CM " y ^ ' 21 Cts. per l b . •21-cts-.per lb. 4 Cts.'per lb. 6 cts. per lb. 2 | cts. per lb J fd • . ' , - •" ' I - l^ahle showing the quantity ofi Molasses..imported into the United' States each yecir fironi the organizatioi^ ofi the Government to the '• • ' '" present period, with the value and rate ofi duty4 "•..'. '•:'.' . -. • . • " ; - , MOLASSES./ ' Years. Remarks; 1 2 3 1790 5,664,345 1791 6,354,148 -1792 . 4,250,874 •4 1793 . 4,236,222 5 • 1794 • 3,144,225 1795 6 • .3,853,905 7 ' .°1796 3,896,241 8^ • 1797 3,724,369 0' 1798 .. . 4,079,145 i7'99 10 • 3,889,084 1800-. 11 . 3,?J7,359 12 • 1801. < '5,447,545 •1802 13 6,317,969 14 -1803' : 5,963,275 15 1804 . 6,535,513 .1805 . . 9,226,446 16 .1806 - , 8,533,590. 17 1807 18 : 8,255; 753 19 1808- ' • 6,456,073 1809 20 5,336,686 1810 ' 21 7,651,682 22 1811 8,500,019 1812 23 7,373,448 1813 24 3,220,710 25^ ' 1814 . 2,879,283 26 1815 6,110,957 27 1816 8,643,972 1817 28 10,877,670 gallons " "-^ ^ '' 2 | cents per gallon: 3 cents per gallon fd hj " ^' -•" " " '•' " " " " '" '* " " " ^^ " " " *« " " " O fd -H '4 cents per gallon GO •O 5 cents per gallbn fflFrom aririual reports of the Secretary of the Treasury, from 1790 to 1820. 10 cents per gallon 5 cents pergallon cc Ol Mi 1 1818 1 1819 . 1820. 1821. . 1822.• 33^ 1823 34 35 ^ 1824 1825 36 1826 37 1827.: : 38 39.. . 1828 1829 40. 41 : 1830 1831 . 42 1832 43 1833 44 1834 45 1835 46 1836 . 47 • 1837 48 49 . 1838 1839 50 1840 51 1841 52 1842 53 1843* : 54 -° _ 12,315,023 ". 11,910,729 &' ; - ^ 10,786,905 «' . .. 9,086,982 ." ^ $l,719-,227 11,990,569 2,398^,355 13,019,328 '' 2,634;222 13117,724 *f . 2,-413,643 12,535,062 *' 2,547,715 . 13,843,045 " • .2,838,728 13,376,502-' .<-.''- • • 2,818,982^ 13,393,651'' *"" ^ '2,78B,47i 10,150,224 -". •1,484,104 • 8,374,13^-^'' . 9 9 5 776 17,085;'878.: .,". .'./^ . 2,432 488 . 15,860,553 " 2,524 281 15,693,050 • •* 2,867 986 2,989,020 17,086,472, 0.'.' 18,971,60'3 , ." . . .. 3,074,172 18,051,784 . . " '. • 4,077,312/ 16,451,182 " , . 3 , 4 4 4 701 21,196,411 *' 3,865,285 -23,094,677 '" *' " 4,364,234 19,703,620 :./^. . 2,910,791 •19,355,028." " ' . . 2,628;519 17j83.4,927 ••• " 1,942,575, 129,53^,523 pourids 1,134,820. 55 249,428,872..: . " " : ^ 29 30 31 32 1844 2,833,753- "' . '- - • ~ • • . - ; - ' • . • • • - 1- ' • y F r o m annual reports of the Secretary of the T r e a s u r y , from 1790 to 1820. •J '^ ^-. Ol 11 . '. From annual ' -' ' ' - ^ • ' . -. furnished by the .Register of the Treasury, and statement's I submitted to Congress by the Secretary, of the Treasury, in obedience to \ / t h e a c t o f February 10,^820. . . . / • . - _-.. . 1 - -" -_ • • ' -. .W \^ • 10 cents per gallon ' • ' - • ' • ' a- . 5 cents per gallbn "' ... - fd : • _ Compromise • " •[ -. - • • ' • . ". . . . .r. . • • : - ^ " • . . , , - ~ .- .• . - . ' " • • - . fd xl O ^• H - " • - .-- .' ffl \ 4,5 mills per pourid,-equivalent "to 5.cerits per gallon. 1 •' • k Commerce, and navigatibn o f ' t h e "United States. - - ' - ' I. . . ' • • *;• • , - . Commerce and navigation of the Uriited States, .(nine m o n t h s o n l y . ) C o m m e r c e a n d navigation of the U n i t e d S t a t e s . • -. - .^ . > ^ F r o m r e p o r t b f t h e Secretary of the T r e a s u r y , J u n e 15, 1844. " G e n u i n e molasses weighs from 10 tb 12, arid usually but 11 p o u n d s p.er gallon.' • w 'd fd I-—Continued. CO to o . <7i t. _ • - . • , ; . . . . '^ r-i' r-i- trH O C«f < • g. , CM Oi t- •g- . .-.4. d t-i • -- • - -. - . c3 • - CO rH • 3 1—i Jai CM rH •g ' ^ - , • ;^ . < 3 • - :ffH 'd Hi § ' • : - 5 cts. per ' gallon'. • 00 00 CM •. \ CM* : 1 :1 -§• • • ' : • % 4 cts. per ;• gallon'.. •CO • • rH CM • OD o d cd" rH 00 g .r' 1-i CO ..d ai * '- "^ • 1—i Qi ..• 2 | cts. per 3 cts. per gallon. . : gallbn. Molasses. CO T—i - P. d• to Oi t- .'CM" M d bj) .. o 10 Cts. per >.-. gallon. ' • - 10 cts. per gallon. ! "^ CM. cd 00 - oi 1—i - OC)' 00 rH .00 CM OD 00 - ..t CM • Molasses.. < ^ ' ' •'*. .•• .Vi._.:.. 5 cts. per gallon. " • - ' • oT ; -'. :. - • - . § O rH Sg- . • 10 cts". per .gallon. rt ai ai . • - ' CM S S 1—i CO • ai 1 -- CM • CTi CM ;>. . • O CO . OD r-i CM- ai - ai *-Report of the Secretafjy ofthe Treasury,^ June 15, 1844. the duty bf 4 | mills per pourid "is'equal to 5 cerits per gallon. 1—i 1-i CM" CM . CO O 5' Cts. per gallon. - * ^ ' ' - • 00 rH . cTco •f—i r-T •^ rH .1—i .:S -. .PH. • GO' d £0] o '<D H' CO - O fd. +^ m 1—i. fd ffl 4 i mills per pound.* 'Genuine molasses weighs from 10 to 12, and usually but 11 pounds per gallon;" consequently GO Ol ^m 18'45.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY; ' 193 K..'-, . : / Table showing the quantity ofi Cofi'ee imported into the United States each year firom the organization ofi the Government to the present period y with thevalue .and rate ofi duty. COFFEE. Years. • Gluantity. - Population. ^- 1 2 3 4'. 5 6 -.'. - ' -' 7 '8 , -. . ' 910 . . .: , ^ . .^. . . 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 , , . . . .r - ^.' .\'.. . .: ........... •18 19 20 21 . - . 22 ..,._.. 23 .•'-,. 24 25 26 27 28 29 . 30 31 . . -...,.:..:,,_;. .. : . 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 - ' . . - •. . 40 -. , 41 ' 42 43 ,. - . 44 45 46 . 47 48 49 0 : - , - r ' ' : ' . • • ..s ' " - ' ' • • " • • • • - _ . . . • . • . . - . . , - ; . • - . , : - - . . - . , - . • , • . . , . . , . , , . . . . . " • . • • , . . • • - . . - - :'/• • - . \ - , • .' ' . - . . . , • • . • • • _ . • , ' • . • - : . • ' : . • . • . • V .• • _ . " . - • •• . . ' • . - . ^ . " : ' - •-.•• • , - •• •' • . . . . . _• . • . . . . ' - • - • ' . . ' • • • : ' •'• ' ' • - ' ' - ; . • • ' _ • . . : • - . - . . : . ' • * , . . - . . .; - i ' . . . • .. • ' ' : . • ' . : ^ " • ^ • - 1 . . . - . . • ' - . ^ - . • . ^ Per. lb. Pounds: 17:90 4,150,754 j $0.04 ^. • 1791 2,588,970 1792 4,769,450 1793 11,237,717 1794 ; 6,033,618 .•5 1795 14,674,726 *1796 1797' - 13,511,'877 . 1.79a 4,178,321 1799' 10,800,182^ ' 1800 : 7,408,196 - 1801 8,471,396 1802 .' 6,724,220 1803 8,495,260 ^'1804. 6,101,191 1805 4,816,274 1806 17,345,188' • 1807-• 11,016,419 1808' - 30,895,495 - 1809: •' -6,649-,293 1810 , 5,852,082 1811 17,648,398'' 1812 16,150,176 : 10 1813 8,202,072 1814 .6,528,238 1815 . 14,238,319 1816 17,809,018' '" -5 •1817••21,900,104 - 1818 • 19,199,403 1819 '20,-825,869 • ^ ;1820 ., r3:,291,857' 11821 : .21,273,659 $4,489,,970 10 21. • 1822-. • 25-,.7-82,390 5,552,649.: ai, 1823 191 37,337,732 ' 7,098,119.' . 1 8 1824 -30,224,296 5,437,029 • 1825. '45,190,630 5,250,828.;.- • . 1 1 . ^ • • m '1826 • 37,319,4^7 : • •-4,159,558 1827 9:\ 50,051,986 :. 4,464,391 1828 55,194,697 5,192,338 91 1829 51,133,538 4,588,585 9 1830 51,488,248. 4;227,021 8 2 1831'^ 1 ^81,757,386 .. 6,317,666 1 ' ^ 1832 91,722,329 Free . 9,099,464 1833 . 99,955,020 10,567,299 1834 - 80150,366 -8,762,657 lOi 1835 103,199,777 10,715,466 1836 . 93,790,507 1 9,653,053 1837 • 88,140,403 • 8,657,760 1838 88,139,720 7,640,217 1 ,- • , - . . • : " • . - .. . • . • • ':- • . • . • . • . : . • • • ^- ' • • ; " - • ' ' • • . . - . . - , • • . . • ] ' • Rate of Value duty. per lb.' - . ' . ' • • • • ' . . . " ' _ , • ' - . . ' . - . , • ' ' - ' . . . . • Value. •" • ' • ' ' . • ' - '' • . " . ' - - - . - ' " - • - • * • ' ' " . ' - . • • . : • ' - ' " • • n\ m\ ml m\ n\ i '* Excess of exports over'imports, 5,526,269 p.ounds. t From 1821, inclusive,t-he whole importations.are given ; previous to this.time, the amounts only on which duties had'accrued.' VOL. V.—13. [1845. REPORTStOF THE 194 R^CohUnued. '•---'•,\ • • '. ' 50 51 52 53 54 55 •u • .;•.. Population.. "• •' ':.;,'.• ^ ' . • : ' • : • - • , • . • • • /COFFEE.- Years. • .1839 1840 ' 1841 ^ 18.42^..1843-. '1844 • ^ > " • ' • ' ' ' :'^-V .Gluantity. ' • • Value;. Pounds. • 106,696,992• 94,996,095 - 114,984,.783 . ,112,865,927. 92,914,557 160,461,943 ' • ' - ' , - -.NOTES. '. Rate of Value duty.'- perlb. ' Perth. $0 09 9 9 8 - -7. •61 9,744,103 - • 8,546,222 10,444,882 8,938,638 ,6,399,189 9,764,554 > • . Average-value per pound, from 1821 to 1844 :- - ,^ .. •• : . . ' : ' - -. -. $0 11 -• : .; Average value per .'pound, bn all importations, from 1821 to 1844. Cents. .11 Highest value per pound, on all importation^, from 1821:to.l827,'paying5 cts. per lb;.21 Lowest value per pounds on all importations, from 1821 to 1829,'paying 5 cts. per l b . . 9 -A-v.e'rage yalue per pound, bn all importatioris, from 1,821 to 1829, paying 5 cts. per lb. .14 5-36 Value per pound p/i all importations, in 1830, paying 2 cents' per p o u n d : . . . . ....'...*. o -8 ' Value per pound on.,all importations in 1831, paying .1 cent per pound . . . : . . - . . . . . . . . 7^ Highest value per pound, ori-^11 importations:,-from 1832 to 1844, a;dmitted. free . . . . . . .10| Lowest value per'pound, on all iniportations, from 1832 to1844, admitted . f r e e . . . . . . . 6| . :. • Average Value per pound, pn all importations, from 1832 to. 1844, admitted free . . . . . . . 8 The operation of the.act of 1816,- iniposing.a duty of :5 cerits per pounds will be seen . • in.the impbrts from 1821 to 1830, inclusive. . .'• • Highest value per'po^und, on "all importations, from 1821 to 1830, paying 5 Cts. per lb. .21 Lowest value per pound, on all importations, from 1821 to ,1830,. pay ing 5 cts. per l b . . 8 Ayerage value per pound, ori all,importatipns, from 1821 to 1830,:paying 5 cts. per lb. . 1 3 | The operation of the act of 18;30,"imposing a duty of 2 athd 1 cent per pounds will be . seen in the imports of 1831 and-1832. • . - Value per pound on all importations in .1831,- pay.ing.2 cents per pound ; . . . 7^ . Value,per pburid on all importations in. 1832.,.paying 1 .cent per pound . . . ^ . » . . . . . . . . 9f The operation of the-act of 1832, adniitting coffee, free, will be seen in the imports •• from 1833 to 1844, inclusive.. • ' :••" .. ', _ . , : : . • j. Highest value per pound', on all importations, from 1833 to 1844, admitted free 10^ '" Lowest value per.pound, on all impor tations,.froni 1833 to 1844, admitted .free. .> . . . ; 6^. Average yalue per pound, on all importations, from 1833 .to 1844', admitted free . . . . ; . .9 1-lG .. - - fi • : . ;::" •;. ; ; . ' .••••••••:-•. . - . • L , - ^ ' . • " ^ •• •-••'•-.•-; - - . - . V - ' :' ' " - ' - • ' ' Table showing the quantity ofi Tea imported into .the tlnited States each year firom the orgamzation ofiihe Government to the present • . , .peiiod, with the value and rate of duty.' :. ; Popula:tion. . Years;. • .Gluantity. . -. - • .• . . P o u n d s . •'•• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 '21 22 23 24 25 26 . - .1790.^ ..3,047;242 .1791 1792 1793 - • ' - ' ; : 1794 1795 -' . 1796. 1797 1798 1799 - . • 1800 1801 1802 * lf03 1804 1805 . 1806. 1807 .-'.'' 1808 . -1809* . 1810 1811 .- - - .' 1812" • - '_ 985,997 :. .2,614,008 2,009,509 2,460,914 - 2,374,118 2,310,259 : 2,008,399 1,890,965 4,501,503 3,797,634 2;e69,831 2,406,938 3,174,370 2,432,074 3,354,381 4,750,881 6,173,151 .4,800,142 • . ' • • . . . -.. •• / • ; • - ' .• • -_ • . ' • ' " " ' • . - ~ "o" • - - - • ' ' - " • ' • - - • * - - " . • • • . '-• • • - 1813 1814 1815 6,647,726 2,557,329 2,644,329 • 524,888 354,038 2,172,940 - ..• .,- ••".• '• Value. , -• ' : -• . ' T E A . .. . • . ' • ' • : ." GO o« '•' Value per lb. Rate of duty!. . w o - - -"-:'-' -. . - : ' . • . • . • - - ' . • - . ' . - • • . . ' ' ' : • : . From Ghi-ri.avlO, 18,20, and 32 cents per lb.; from Europe j.12, 21, 24, and 40 \ : cents per ib.-,. frorii any other place, 15,- 27, 30, and 50 cents per lb* fd |>O ffl' -- ,-..'.." • • ' . ' ' • • - • • • • • ' " " - , : . ' •• A • . • - ' • <• - • ' - ^ . ' " • . : • •* . . . • ' . . ^ • • . . - • • • . • fd t^ ^• w c! fd " ^ - ; . • " • . - - • • - . • ' . • ' • . - . - ' - . ' . " ' - . - . . . • . - From China, 20, M^ 4dj arid 64 dents per lb;- from Europe, 24, 42, 48, and 80 cents per lb.; from any other place^ 30j 54j 60j and 100 cents per lb. • . . • . . . • - • ' . • - - * Excess ofexports bver. imports, 318,302 poUrids; " . " . Ol -Continued. .CO. TEA. Population. Years. •„.'- 27 s . 28 29. 30 31 .. 32 33 34 35 1 36 37 38 39 ^ 40 41 • ' • . - ' - : • - • . - • . • . • . - • ^ - . ' • - 1831 1832 : 1833 , ...... " 1834 1835 1836 1837' •1838 1839 1840 . . 1841 . • 1842. 1843 * 1844 ; . : • Pounds. .3;864;604 Value. ; . . . ' ' ' • ^ . •- = Rate of d u t y . • . . : " '" Value per lb. F r o m China, in ships or vessels of .the United States, 12, 2 5 , 2 8 , 40, a n d 50 cents per l b . ; frorii a n y other place, in other vessels, 14, 34, 38, 56, a n d 68 cents per lb: • . • - 4,586,153 -• 1817 4,842;963 • 1818 • .5,480,884 1819 ' 4,891,447 -1P20 4;975,646 ••. 1 8 2 1 182-2-' 6,639,434 : • 8,210,01.0 1823 1824 • 8,920;487 : 10;209,54& 1825 :10a'08,90O' 1826 5,875,638. • 1827: - 7;707,427 • 1828, : 6,''636;790 1829 8,609,4:15 1330 . *• . ^. -^ -.. . *• . • . 42 43 44 45 . - ..y . :^, 46 47 '4849 50 -. 51 52 53 • : ' ' " . . . v . . . 54.55 ' 1816 Gluantity. $1,322,636 $0 261 1,860,777 • 28 2,361,245 281 ••• 2,786,312 31i • \ • . ' . . _ • • 3,728^935 36^ 3,752,281 37"' • i •1,714,882 291 .: 2,451,197 .' . 311 : 2,060,457 31 2,425,018 From China, in ships or vessels of the United States, 40, 10, 12, 18, and 25 centsper.lb.; from any other place, in other vessels, 6, 18, 20, 27, and 37 . cents per lb.'.: ' : .• . . • 28 1,418,037 .•'5,182,867 ; 27| ^ -9,906,606 , . 2,788,353 F r e e . . . - . •-. . . .-^-v ' •'. .:;• : > - , -. • ~ - ^ - '.. -_ . ' , . 28 i 14,639,822 5,484,603 37i : " - ' - . , • • - ' . ' ' ' r • . : • ' • . ' • ' ' . • - - • • • _ _ . • . . ^ 16,282,977" •"•: 6,217,949 -,: 381'-;, -; . r . _ . ff . . ^ : 4,522,806. 14,415,572 -•:3r|.:. 1 16,382,114 5,342,811 - • : 321 ^'^ 1 16,982,-384 5,903,054 341 14,418,112 • 3,497,156 24| 9,349,817 2,428,419 26 20,006,595 5,427,010 , 27 • , .11,560,301 . 3,466,245^ 30. ^ ' • 15,692,094 •.••'. 4,572,108 29 ? . 13,869,366 3,849,662. 271 15,656,114 4,120,785 "261 •Average value per lb.,.from 1821 to 1844 -. .- • 30 17-48 - . • • • ; - - - : . - - - • - • - . - , - ' - . . - . : ' ; - • • - ' : - • • • ' - . • . : . - . ' - - • . : •• - . - . . . - . . - • • ' . . • . . : . . . - • ' - - - ' . ••.. • ; : ~ ' . - . _ . . ' • • . • . - } - - ^ • • . • - \ ^ . - . . - . - - - - - . ' . ^ ' . • ' ' . ' - - • . - . . ' ' • . . _ - • , ' • - - . ' - . ^ . - • . ' ' • ; - • • • - . . ^ - • . • ' - ' . - - * - - " • ' • ' - ' •: - - - . - , . - • ' ' . ~ - - • ' • • . . '. - - ^ . . - , ' ' • . - • . • ' - - : . • . - ' - . . • - • ^ - - : • . V ' - ' - • - . ' - * ' • • ' . = - - ' . ' - - . - . _ . ' - . . • • ' - ' - . . ' . . ^ • - - , • ; . - • . ' - . • „ . _ • . - _ . - - _ _ ' , _ \ -. ' , - . . . ' • . - •. 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. . 197 Circulars^ ofi the Secretary afi the Treasury, .in .relation to the:. Tariff fias refierred to in the accompanying ahstracts. : .' ; .:. . ciiiciJLAR:No. t.-^auESTiom^^ , 1 . State.and countyin wbicla the: manufactory is situate^^ v 2. Kind or description of the manufactory | .^and whether-water, stearn, or other power? ,. ;' : • ' / . •••[ . f i y . - . ' ^ ' f i ' 3.* W & i i established;: and .whethef a.jointrStoGk concerri?... : ' 4. Capital irivested in ground.and buildings, arid wa and in machinery?: • • • - • - . . : • ' .- ' o. Average amount, in inaterials, and in cash for the purchase of materials j and payment of wageS:? :" •-,'-. :fi : -. . 6; Annual rate of profit ori.-the capital irivested:since the.establishmerit ofthe rnaiiufactory > distinguishing between the rate of profit .upon that portion of the Capital which is borrowedj .after prQviding for- the interest upon it, and the irateof profit:upo.n that".portion %hich is-n^^ • 7. Cause of the mcrease:(or decrease, as th'ie case niay be) of profit? ' . -.8. iftates'of, prpfit on :capitai otherwise em^^ same State andrcdunty ?: :- : - '. ;. ; -; ' • , 9..:Amourit of article.s*-annually iiianufactured sinise, the establishment of th0 :manufact6ry ?--^description, quality, and value of each ,kind ? • 10., QuaMity arid value:of different kinds of lajw distinguishing between.for eign p-rodiicts arid, dpiiies^^^ ' ' '. :11. C.ost in the ^.United States of similar .articles "of: niaiiufacture irnported froni abroad, and from what couhtri.es? ' • • -12l Niimber .of rneii, worneti, :and childireri,: ernplpyed, and;average waofes of each class ? : • •.' .- ''' : V ' '13. How many hours a day employed,-and what pprtiQiliof the year ? : : 14. Rate of wages of similar, classes Ptherwise employed' in the same Stateand County, in other States, and in fpreign couiitries? . •' 15. NuiTiber of horses qr'other aniiiials employ . -' .; ' . • , ' • • 16. Whether the maiifactures fiiid a imrket at the uiaiiiifactory ? If -no.t,.how far they ai;e: sent to a: market? .: '.: ' . :" 17. "Whether^ foreign: .articles of the hke kinds .enter into • competitipn. with'theiii at such place of sale? and to what: exteiit? / . 18. Where are the manufactures consunied^? ' . -.:..• 19. Whether any;of. the manufactures 'are exported,-tq foreigri coun. tries?, and if so,: where? . ' . ' -. 20. .Whether the manufacture is sold bythe. riiahufacturer for cash ? and if ;on credit,, at what credit? if bartered, fbr.what? .^ 21. Whether, the costof the manufactured article (to the manufacturer) has increased or decreased? and how much in each year- fiomthe establishmentof the manufactory? and whether, the increase has been in the. materials or the labor, and at what rate?; '; *Copi6s of tliese Circulars were sent to-individuals, throiighout. the Uriited States. The various answers,Which were received.are inserted immediately after -the Circulars. The States are arranged in the usual order; and the numbers prefixed to the answers show what questions are referred to. . ;'-, ' 198 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—^Continued. . . . 22. The prices at which the mariufactm:es have' been sold by the manu-facturer since the establishment ? . : 23.- W h a t rate of duty is necessary to enable the-manufacturer to enter into competition in the home market with.similar articles imported? 24. Is there .any. change necessary iri- levying or collecting the duty on siich articlesy.tp prevpiit.fraud? , i. ; Y ' ' " 2.8:. What has been the rate of your profits, annually, for the last three years ? .and if. it be a joint-stock, company, what dividerids have been received,. and -what portion.of the income ofthe company has been converted into fixed capital, or retained .as a fund for contingent or other objects, and.therejFore riot divided out aririually? -. . / . 26. What portion ofthe cost of your mariufactures consists of theprice of the rawmaterial,; what portion of the .wages of labor, arid what pprtion of the profits of capital ? ,. * . ' 1 . 27._ What amount of the agricultural prod.uctions.of the country is con- . surii^d.ill your establishment, and. what ampurit of other domestic pro,ductipns? . ,-.:• . ' ^ . :• ;. • 28. What quantity or aniount of manufactures such as you mal^e are produced in the United States, and what amount in your own State? 29. If the duty upon the foreign manufacture of the kind of goods, which you. make were reduced to 12J jDercent., with a corresponding reduction on all the imports, would it cause 5^ou to abandon your business, or would you continue to manufacture at reduced prices? 30. If it would cause you to abandon your business, in what way. . Avould you employ your capital? ^ 31. Is there any pursuit in which you could erigage, from -which- you could derive greater profits, even after a reduction pf the import, duties, to 12^ per cent. ?• \ 32. Are notthe mariufactures of salt and iron, remote from the ppints. of :importation, out .of foreign competitiori within a certain circle around thein? and what is the extent of that circle? ,. . . . ' '33. Amount of capital; and what proportion the borrowed: capital bears to that which is real ? .. • ,34. What amount of reduction in the duties would enable the actual or real capital employed to yield an interest of six per cent. ? and how , gradual the reduction should be ? . 35. If minimums should.'be abolished, and the duty assessed upon the actual value of,the iniported article inihe American port, what rate of ad .valoren) duty,would be equivalent to the present with the minimurn?: -. ;: . , 36\ What would be the operation of this change upon the frauds .at present supposed to bp practised? • 37, Proportion which the production by the Americaii rnanufacturer bears to the consuriiption? -. . . 38. Exterit of individual and household mariufactures in theUnited States, and how much it has iricreased since the tariff'of 1842?. 39. Average profit of riioney or capit.al in the Uhited States ? 40. A verage rate of wages ? .1845.]. - ' S E C R E T A R Y - O F . T H E "T-RI^ASURY.^ : : "''•.•'•• : ' •••.199- M—Contiriued. •.' CIRCULAR NO. 2 . — a U E S T I O N a ' ' . ._" ^ ^ •: . . .\ -^ 1st. What agricultural products are raised in your State, and which, if any, of the staples pf cotton, rice, or. tobacco?. *• -'.^ .• fi , .'^ f-^ . 2d. What por-tipn of its Capital, is engaged .in their prpSuction ?' • \: • 3d. To what-extent is its .'.coriimercral,..riiechariicalj ri^ . and navigation interests. immediately .epniiected with, .or dependent .-upon them?::'..... .'• -.fi,.-:i ••.-. I '.:•:-•'••.::'^fi. : f i - . ' ' . : •••^^'••'•••-.•• '; ••-••V-..-":'-•-./••• - .. :4tb;. •What.:lias.be^ the-.tonu-al.average.pfo in., their^ ppo.ductipn., -pri weltcP^^^ farms,.'.or piaiitatio'ri|,-:-for the' last, three years,: since, tile' pas-sage of the:taiiff of. 1842, ineiuding the ."crop- of; that year, and deductiiig all expeiises: incidpn^ pf thp , articles, th.eir preparation foi^ maxket, the transporiatipri tP; the place: :of:--. /sak, aild the sales theiriselyes f-'^ .• .' • - .: j . . : . . :•.'"'• •5th. •What.has beeri.this aiinual-profit of the capital so.:.eriiployed.^.fpr^^ the .ten years precedirig'.i842, under the re.ductipn bfthe dutie s:.by .the' :act of 1832, and the conipromise act- pf .the next year,~'estima:ted irl- the;, ^same.Way?-''.v-'^^ ' •: -. - >' '••'..- :: ;,V;--.'' ••/..:; . :•-"-;: "- -•"',•.• 'V-' - \ -"[ ' -•.-•• ' 6th. W h a t has. been, the 'annuai average pr:icepf-these.:agricultur:^^^^^ products-a-nd staples: during the sanie- periods- respectively?" and what .the annual average income per:-h.axid, or-laborer,' de due tirig,.:a:ll expen se.s,\.during'the same periods respectively? ' . :. . :- • • :-v .': . ^-^• .7th. How far have prices and profits .during the,;,peHpds:.referred- tb?^^ beeri affected', by the operatiori. of the tariff laws, and how far by'the ; state of the. currency?' ,; • ... . .,: • : .:' : .: ,: '^ 8th,, Does.the .State raise a sufficierit supply of horses, riiules,'hpgs'jand of'cattle, riieats, and other provisions?, if. not, from .what places does. it draw its. supplies? .-Arid what has beeri the ayei'ageann-ual amorint,. arid what the prices for the last thre.e years, and ,also for'.the ten preceding? If there has been-a difference-between, therii, to what do you. attribute'it? , : ^ .- , ' : . • 9th. Are the commerci^^l, mechanical, and manufacturing,, and riavir gation interests of the State so immediately corinected with and depend-^ ent upon the agricultural products and staples,, that .their profits increase . or diniinish in the same, .or very .nearly th.e same, proportion with them?: lOthp Have the average prices of what are called the protected articles beeri as low in proppftion to the average prices, of the sta.ples forthe last three years, as in the precedirig teri, making allowance for the effects . which the average: prices .of the raw riiaterials during the .respectiye.^ ••peripds referred to must have had. bri.'the- cost of making, such •articles'?.^ If not, to what, do you" attribute it, and tp what extent liasit affected the ' growers of the staples, and • the.- State at large, iri the iricreased..cPst Pf' their prpd,uetiori, a:nd the general experise of living?" .. : •,.. . , l l t h . Does the State export anyother articles, of its ov^iiprpduct,-^ besides the agricultural .products arid staples.? : If it does, of.^^hat descrip-tipn .are they, arid to what extent have tlieir prices, and. the. aggregate amount.in value, beeri. comparativelj^^ affected during the same periods? 200 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M---C ontinued i 12th. What proportion of; the aggregate amount of articles of every, kind, that the State makes for export, are exported and consumed abroad? are their.prices governed by the foreign or home demand?' tp what foreign markets are they principally- shipped? do.you meet cornpetitors in them from other couritries with similar articles for sale? do the high duties .imposed by the' present tariff* lessen your, ability to meet them •successfully? and if they do, state hpw? . 13th. Is there anysuch immediate connection between imports and exports that a country cannot coritinue to import for any great length of time a greater amounfin value than it" exp:orts, or, vice versa, export for any great length pf time riiore than it is permitted to import, estimatirig fairly, the value ofeach; and if there be, to what,extent mustthe preserit duties affect ultimately the value of the^exports ofthe coriritry?. • •14th. Have you. any manufacturing establishments.in your State? arid if so, of w-hat kind are they, what is their number, and what amount of capital is invested in them? what descriptions of "goods do they make, and what has been the profit on their investment for the last three years? Are the present duties riecessary to keep thern in operation with prPfit? ifriot^ what.amourit, if any,, would :be required to give a profit equal in ariipurit to- the average profit pf growing the great staples of the State^ for • the last: three years, or the ten preceding?' . V 15tli.-Is 5^our State now, or have its citizeris been, at any former period, erigaged in the business of ship--building, or that of riavigation, and to what extent? what is the present conditiori of thpse iriterests? how have they been, affected by the tariff'laws? and what is t h e effect of. the piresent duties upon: thern? : . • . 16th. W h a t proportion does the capita! invested byyour citizens .iri cPrnrnerce .bear to the value of its agricultural products and staples? Have the comniercial interests of the State been affected by the tariff* laws? if so, hpw,. and to what extent? 17tli. Would the establishment, of a warehouse system promote the trade-and .increase the commerce of 3^dur State? 18th. :How would the abohtion of 'drawbacks, in connectipn. with a warehouse systerii, operate upon the comrnerce of your State?19th. Are there any, arid, what articles, on which a debenture or.drawback ought to be allowed, on their reexportatiori which would - operate -beneficially Lippri the trade of the country, and equally to all classes of citizeris, but on which no debenture or drawback is now allowed? ' 20th. What .*. .articles .... are there . -of foreipii . '-.^ manufacture which come into conipetition with sirnilar articles maiiufactured in, the United States, the duties ori which are sP high as to amount to* a prohibition of. the foreign articles? " . • -•. . • '' . •• ' . ', 21st. How are the iriterests of the. several great interests of ybur State affected by .the minimums of the present tariff J and the rule requiring duties to be paid in cash, "^without the. establishment of .a warehouse systern or admitting goods in entrepot? • ,22d-. What articles are there now in the hst of those duty free.,, oii -1845.]:. S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. • M—•Continued. 201 . which a moderate duty might be levied "without b.eing onerous to any class, and which worild operate equally on-all?, and what amdunt of , revenue might be levied by sifch a .duty on these articles? .. • 23d. What is the comparative operation ofthe present tariff'upon the mariufacturers, arid the Pther classes of our-citizens, as to articles used in manufacturirig and other'articles corisumed by them respectively? State the particular articles ? • : , • 24th. W h a t i s the effect of the present system of duties upon articles,, especially, those extensively, cprisurned, which are; manufactured" only to. a very.hmited extent in the'United States? and how ;do these duties operate upon the interests ofthe other industrial class.es of. the cpuntry? , 25th. Are there any, and what descriptions of -goods, or other conirnodities, consumed in your own Stale, which are either very greatly enhariced in price, or altogether excludpd by the operalion of the presenttariff*? for what prices, rnight such gobds, or cpmrriodities, be. irnported, independently of the .drity ?• and, what are the prices actually paid by the . cPnsumers fbr these articles, or such others as are.substituted for them? is lhe corisumption ofthese articles, or their substitutes, extensive in your State, and is it peculiar, or nearly so, to.your State,:or^any bther:particular States? what is the aggregate arnouritpf duties riow paid to the Governrnent.on such articles? arid what ariiount: would-be paid under a tariff^graduated entirely with- a view to fevenue? : .; 26th. Do the present duties, benefit in: ariy respect.those, engaged in growirig the agricultural products arid staples referred to ? arid if not, can they be -so modified, in ariy pther. way than by.reducirig thern, as: to benefit the growers? has the State prospered, or not, underthose duties? if not, to. what do. you attribute its cause? if the high duties, explaiii to what exterit, and in what rrianner,-,: they have affected the pfosperity of the State?-' .: , . -•'• / • '" '':. ^ .-. •;fi' ' • -, ] 27th. What qriantity of wool is raised in your State, what is its price per pound'since the tariff" of .1842, and what its price" per pqurid for .the ten years preceding? . •' ' ;. : ' • •28th. What mines are worked in your State? what quantityof metal or rnineral has been produced ? what has been the-pricevsinee the .tariff of 1842, and for the ten years preceding? . - » 202. '. , • R E P O R T S .OF T H E .;' .: M—-Continued.. •[-1845.. . ". ABSTRACT OF ANSWERS'^TO CIRCULARS NOS. 1 AND 2. .• ••' ..... ^ M A I N E . ^ '" ' • "• ' • ^ ;.;,•: ANSWERS TO.CIRCULAR NO. 1. - ^ ^ Washington County._ F-roiri Hon. .J.C'-'Noyes, ofi. Eastport, enclosed in letter firom. Bion Bradbury, Collector. \ ; li State of Maine, Washington county.' 2. Plaster mill for the manufacture of calcined, and grourid plaster, 3.. Established in 1845. Joirit stock.-r 4. Capital in grounds, buildirigs, &c., $10,000. 5. Average arnount in materials, $5,000. ' • ; ': 6. No estimate can be had," as orie year has not elapsed* . .., 7,-8. Not answered. .. ' . • • 9. About 2,000 barrels-^-value-$3,000.^ , lo. Not answered. • ' . .•.-'-..-• •'-•""..11. Similar articles are not'supposed to, be imported. 12. Sixteen rneri, at $1 per day. . ' . . ' , ' 13. Twelve hours per day, for" 8rnonths. . ' • 14. Not knoAvn. - , .' :^ • . •. '. ^ '"• 1 5 v N o r i e . ' "•-..-'• ' . ,: :•••'••• •: .. ' • ' • 16. Usually sent from 500-to 1,500.miles,. •• 17. Supposed to be norie. ' , ' • 18. In the Uriited States. - ' • .- -'^ :• 19. None exported. ''..-'; . ' 20. None sold at the mill, 21,22. Not answered; . . '. : • ''• • 5 3 , 24. Free. " ' -. '. .25 to 40. .Not ariswered. ; . : •• - . - ' • ' ^ - - • ' • ' . ' • , . • • . . • "' '. . • ' ' . •_ . " / -'Bion Bradbury, Collector, encloses a/mwersfirom.Samuel'Fowler ofi Lubec. ' "1. Washington cpunt}^:, Maine.. 2. Plaster and lumber mills,-Water power. , ''-•.•'' ..3. In 1834. Joint stock. 4. Capital iri buildings' and machinery," $75,000. . . 5. Average cost of materials per 3^ear, $18,000; labor, $13,000. 6. From 5 to.6 per cent, per annum, ;after the first three .years. '..-.. 7. Operiing the ports ofthe Uriited States to the British colonial trade, he thinks,, will ultimatel}^ put amend to the plaster'trade o.ii the.lines, 8. .Unable to give a general ariswer; but says a small farm adjoining the mills, .which cPst $1,000, has, paid an arinual profit of | 2 0 0 . .9. $35,000.; 10,000'barrels calcined, plaster, $15,000;. 20,0'00 tierces, of ground plaster, $20,000; iriciuding-750,000. .sta/ves/ 180,OQO- headings, and 300,000 hoops, all made at the niaririfactbry. ' .- ,'" 1845.] , S E C R E T A R Y O F - ' T H E .TREASURY. • 203 M—Continued. 10. "Of foreign products," 8,000 tons pf plaster, at $1 25 per ton, produce of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, $10,000; ^'of domestic, products,." such as. logs, hoops, slabs, round wood, kettles, and flour, valued af $8,000. per annum. Reconimends a review of Hon. Secretary Bibb'§ decision in regard to the lumber. - • .. 11. Importations very limited. , . -. . . 12. Ayerage nurnber of harids employed^ 42 men, no women or children; average wages $310 each.:-highest wages $2 per day^; lowest $20 .per month. • ": / -. 13. Twelve hours per day. 14. Not answered satisfactority. •. ' : .15. None.^^ , " . . . '._ . 16. None sold at the manufactory; sold all alorig t h e coast from Maine to-New; Orleans. . •'• . 17. Before the preserit tariff, had.to cornpetewith foreign ground and calcined plaster, but not. since,^ except at Hallowell and Augusta, in this : State.- ' " • . • :^ ' . • • . ' • . - ^ '..- 18. Same:as No.. 16. , ^ .: , ' : 19. Some to West Indies, principally to Cuba. 20. Sold at 3 and 4 months generally; never bartered. • . 21. There has been no decrease in thecost ofthe materials, pr maurufacture, in, proper tion to the decrease in the price ofthe. article. : 22.. The first two or. three years grourid plaster sold In market at $1 12 to $1 25 .per cask,"and, calcined at | 2 and $2 12J per barreh;; The last year at $1 for ground, and $1 .62J and $1 75 for calciried. 23. A less rate of duty than the present w.ould give the foreig.n manufacturer a decided preference in our: market. , ' : 24. To prevent fraud, duties should be as.:far as possible specific,' or. on a home valuation. . : '. - ' • 'i 25; Ariswered in reply to. questioris No. 6. No part ofthe inconie hasbeen cPnverted into fixed capital, &c. ' -. • 26. See reply to question No. 5. . 2 7 . $10,000 is-aboutthe amount used annually. - 28. Supposes the amount of ''foreign" plaster 'used in the UnitedStates to be about 200,000 toris annually. ' . " -^ 29. A reductipn of the diities so as. to. admit:the ground and calcined plaster from Nova Scotia would effectually, destro}^ us. 30. ''After a loss of the capital, could not employ it in other busi- ness."' • " ' . : " . "' • ' - - , ' • . • ',,' ;\.-. 31. Says both '.'.mercantile and farming are rnore profitable than the manufacturing of plaster with a duty of 20 per cent, instead of 12J per cent." ' •• - ' • . 32 tp 40. Cannot answer. ' , - . • • ' . . ' . Pembroke T^own.- Bion-Bradbury, Esq., .Collector, .encloses^ answers 'firom Joseph Barrell. . .' '. 1. Townbf Pembrpke,. State of Maine,-.'. • "•. . .. 204 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—•Contiriued. " ., .^.^ Rourid and square^iron 5-16 to 7-8 i r i c h . ' - '. • .. -^ . • .. 3. In 1832. ••.Npw a j Pint-stock coric.ein. . 4. Capital established: by the:last Eegislatuire ript to exceed $150.,.0O0. • • 5.: Amourit:consuriied equal.tb eight tons per day, priricipally'American pig, averaging from $1,500 to>'$2,000 per rnonth. ' ; 0 • 6 to 9. Not answered.. : : . .. •. - . . : ' : •'' 10. Nearly, all the iron^exceptirig scrap, is of the manufacture: of the United-States.;:.;,. . .' - •. •' -'.'.,-• ' .. ,• .• ' •- .'•* ..' 12. Men and boys, eriiployed-, about 50; when wprking day and night, 100 will be required.. ,: " -., •. 13. From'6^A. M.-'to 6':p. M..' --'•.'/.•.":. •;.;::•:• .••.•:-: '"'./ :^ .15. 12 oxen,eniployed constantly. ,> : -, . . i"6. All sold, iri Boston.. .: ; * .;. .. 17. Foreign irPn" entet.s into .cornpetitiPn with the"same quality :o:f Ameficanv and is sold for less price.; ' . . 18. Nearly all corisumed iri New. Englarid. : ' '"'.'•-'. -"'•. .' 19. None exported.. . ' . ; .. .•• .; . 20. Iron is usually sold on a creditpf six tP nine moriths; seldorri .for c a s h . - . • • • - . _ ' . ;• •: •• :•. ' . " - . • - : ' • -.'• ' : > .•••:.•.. 22. Prices according to quality* ... \•W \. , • 23: to 39. Unanswered. : ^ ..'..-•'. ' i- • ' : ' f i - ' 4-0. Wages from $1 ..to- $2.• 50, according to the pccupation of the men; consuriies- about:8. tons of .coal ^per. day,, all pf which is of fpreign growth. Is of the- opiniPn that a.-duty of 12 J .per cent, will not be sufficient to eriable them to compete'.with: the foreigri article,: Washington. Count fi B i o n - B r a d b u r y , : CoUector y encloses answers firom. W i h - ,..: '. lifim P'llie, ofi Calais. : •• ' ' - . . - . . \ " [ ':"... .1, 2/ 3. 4. , | 3 o o : . Stateof Maine, county of Washington. . ,-. Saw mill; water povver. -• . '• : • • : ,' -. ' 'V- ^ Established fort)^ years'ago; joint-stock concern. . • '• Ground.and buildings, $1,700; water power $1,000; riiachiriery -••' \ ••.'.• •- •• .• -.;• • 5. Materials $3,300; labor $i,l'50;'both $4,450. -6. Profit, if not borrowed, 10 per cent.; if borrowed, less. .. 7. Owirig to the demand for the: article. . . . §. Thinks about-10.per cent. -,.- . ' -' " .:9. About 600,000 to a saw; half spruce and piriC; 600,000 laths; •average price,-pine 9 J ; spruce 64-;.'-laths 85 centsi • ' . :"••'• . 10..; 300,000'pine logs, $1,950'; spruce, $1,125;, domestic-products. : 11. Cannot answer. 12. Six riien to a saw. ' ,. : •, ' • * 13. Fourteen hours per day, for six months in the year. . . 1 4 . Irithe country,, on a;n average, about five shillings, per day. . 15. About t"wo hprses to a sawV •' 16. Mostly sold atthe riiill, and shipped tb West Indies, Perinsylvania, New York, and the Ne-vv England.. States. 1845.] • " .•. S E C R E T A R Y . O F T H E TREASURY. . ': '. 205 , M-^Cohtinued. : 18. ,Iri the W^estIndies, Pennsylvania, New Ybrk^ and New EriglandStates. • ,. . 19. :Principally in t h e W e s t IndieSo , • '. . "• . '. 20. G.erierally for cash; som.etiiiies on credit;:'seldoni bartered. . 21. The'raw raaterial has increased in pric-p within the last-eight or ten.years. : ; • \ ^. ' ' . 22. From $8 to $15 ;-last year,.for 'pine-,.$9 50;•spruce,. $6 :50; laths, 85 cents. .; ' ' . . - . . ' • '•'.-'•-' 25. About npthing. The profits about pay the interest on the.capital. ..-26." Material,;$3,300; labor, $1,150,i.p^^^^ ' 2 9 . No; 'should contiriue as long as a spruce or .pine tree could be found. . . . . • 30. Cannot answer. .' , ' ' •' ' .31. Thinks thereis. . , .. . - . . • . ' ] '. ;• ' ' .32. Carinot answer. / ' • . .. .' :33. Amount of capita;! for one saw and niaterials, .:$7',:500o 34 to 40. Not answered. .-fi . Kennehunk, County ofi'YorJc. •:..-'''• . /. : : 1.: Mairie^ York county.. . •' ' > • ' 2 . Cotton; w a t e r power, :". -/: : :' :^ •/. .:.; ' .;• ;3v in'183:4,;:joirirt-stPck concern. . :-' : • : :':, .r:l: 4. Capital, $855,000. • " •..••. '. ,. - :<pi,:Ab0ut2--.per cent. . •• .; . - • -.-^ - . •; , . • : : ^ . . 1;,'0Q0,©00 yairdB bf 2 8 j inch.printirig:cloth. : • ';.; •. . .;; . d o . 450,bales, cptton, ;l:,:600gH^^ starch, .&c. :: ; 1 ^ . gl^rnen, 14^pys,'artid,M,girisv . • " •-.•.•.:.' •'::'•.'••. :-^'' ' • .. .'13,.,'llf bours-,.•;•....-:^.,-:,. ..,:.^ ' -• -• ; ' ": -'.-''^ -.••':.\---.-: •'•.\.."••.'•'v--' ' 16.-Philadelphia, N e w York, a n d .Boston-. •'''•'•-. ' ,' :i8..Prkreii)ally:in'i:bis country. • , ' • • •• . ' ' ' • .xSOVOn credit.':..-. • •...'.•.• '• ••'..^.'-•' .' :':••' '-'''^^:' '. ' • ' .-Sl to 40^-Unanswered. : . . . . - ' • . '-•-••'-.:• :..-:• • ' •:. Belfiasti . F r e m N . 'M-. lowry, -Colleetor.- .•.. •:. '• " Regrets his inability^to procure.information from reliable sources..-.. . Saco, YorJt 'County. •• •• . " Ichahod Jordan, polle.ctor, encloses'answers firom- X ; • WilliUmsfiSaco. • : "' . ::-l.'Maine, Saco.. .. ••: .' ••';•''' -' • fi-2: Irprivfoundry.' • v ••' ' V. ' • : 3.-In 1844; private c P n c e r m : - •: -'^ . : . . ; :^ 4. Capital, $10yOOO---4n buildings^ machinery^ .&c. , 5. $6,0,00 forthe purchase of stock, &c. / 6 , 7, 8.. Not answered. . . ••• . .9. ^Od tons of machiriery arid rriiih castings,' . ' ' •'" ' •-'-./ " • '':'•' ' 206 R E P O R T S OF THEM—Continued. : [1845. • . 10. 200 tons of pig iron, and 300 tons of various qualities of American iron. . ; / " 11, 12, 1.3, Not ariswered. ." ^ . ^. 14. Average rate pf wages, eight shillings per-, day. 1 6 . " F i n d a market near by." . <. ' •' 17. Foreign articles do en.ter into competitiori when not protected. 20. Sold for cash, or on 4 months' credit. 21 to 40.. Not answered.' . • Saco, York County. Ichahod Jordan, Collector, encloses answersfii'omSamuel Batchelor. ' ' . \"'-- 1. Mairre; Saco, York county. 2. Cotton; water power. 3. Iri 1831; joint stock. 4. Capital in ground, buildirigs, water power, and .-machiriery, $550,000.: ' ' ' \' • ^ •. ' ^ ....• . 5. The business capital, invested in materials and for payment of wages, is $450,000. t: 6. The York Manufacturing Conipany purchased, for about. $60,000, the property which.had cost .a former, company..$234,000. : T h e first company haid sunk their whole capital, ariiounting to $300^000, with a considerable loss, in addition, to individual stockholders, after: carrying on the business for four or five years without any dividend. ' On- this second capital, invested by the York conipany witb additional improvenients and machiriery, the profits have been as follows-: 1831, 1832, and 1833, 4^ percent, per .annum; 1834, 9J; 1835, lOf; 1836,; l l f ; 1837, 5 J ; 1838 10^; 1839, 9f; 1840, 14f; 1841, 13J; 1842, 5 ; 1843 9 J ; 1844, 20J;—being an.;average of 9J. per cent, for the 14.years on. capital actually paid. No borrowed capital. . : . 7. The increasie and decrease of, :prPfit,.as w i l l b e seen, above, has .cpnforrned very nearly with l h e general prosperity of the country, and with the rise and fall of prPfits in other branches,of business. The greate'st increase, within the. last two years, has,been owing, in addition to the general causes abovementioned, to an iricreased demand for goods . for .exportation to-foreigri cpuritries,.and tp the rnariufacture of a new arid successful style of goods. .,^.: •' . - " ' ' -"^.: 8. Capital emploj^ed in trade and-navigation has experienced similar varialioris in profits during the same peripd, andin navigation particularly; for p a r t o f the.time, the profits have even exceeded the highest rates on manufacturirig. . .9. The amount of goods manufactured has beeri, as follbws, coni:puted at the actual cost: . In 1831, 1832', and 1833, $145,0-45; in il83.4, $176,985;, 1835^ $233,234; 1836, $277,159; .1837, $296,630; .1838, • $357,307; . 1839, :$516,896.; 1840,' -;$455,812; 1841,,-" $.422,1-35;'-l',842.,' $328,138; 1843, $267,351; and in .1844, $457,424;—consisting entirely of cotton goods,mostly of heavy strbrig articles^—say 12 skeins to the .pound for sumrner clothing, and to a considerable extent differing in 1845.] , : S E C R E T A R Y ' O F T H E TREASURY. 207 M—Continued. . style and fabric froni the .ordiriary .rnanufactures of cotton irr this country. .: -. 10. The raw materials used, and the ambunt.of wa,ges for the last two years, have been as follows: Years. • 1843... 184-4.... • Cotton. $116,917 - • 218,925 Wages. Other domesiic materials: Foreign materials. $16,065 34,903 •..'•••' • •-..$36,:353 . . : . 46,026 . $98,014 157,566. The domestic materials, other than cotton, consist principally of oil, starch, coal, and dyeirig materials.. The foreigri are confiried almost . entirely to indigo and some other dye-stuffs. 11. The only similar articles imported have been from,England and France,-and the cost of importing goods of. equal quality, and made of the same kind of cotton, would be niore than the cost of those made here, arid ours, have uniforrrily beeri sold-at a lower price. . • 12. The riumber of men ernployed, on the average, is about 200; the number of women from 900 to.1,200. No children ernplyed under the age of 14,.and very few younger than 16.' The, rate of wages for men varies from $8 to '$12 per month, at the differerit seasoris of the year, except for mechanics and.experienced manufacturers, who receive frpm $1 25 to $2 per dayl The wages of females is from $1 to $2 per week, exclusiveof board, accbrding to their skill and experience; but there are rhany instances where they earn $3 or more. - /• 13. The average time the mills are in operation though the year is. 12. hours 1 3 minutes per day. The principal part of what can be called labor is perforrned by machinery, which only requires the attendance and skill of hands to direct it. ^ This is so .easily done, that it is not uriusual for one to attend to the duty of "two, for hours or days together; and in this" -way, some in turn get released; so that it does not follow, because :the machinery works 12 hours per day, that the.hands employed do the same; they do not labpr, on an average, more than ten months in the year, and many come into the mills orily for a few months at such Reasons of the year as they can best be spared frorn their schools or. occupations at home. . • 14. The rate of wages for men in other employment, is presumed to be 'something lower, frprn the fact of .the nuniber of applications for places in the mills. 15. E m p l o y from 4 to-6 horses. : - • .'•.,. 16. The gbods are riot. sold at the manufactory, but are sent .100 miles to Boston, where they are'sold or distributed to other markets.. 17. There.is generally very little" conipetition of .foreign., articles y/ith such as are made liere,; but occasionally there has been a considerable import of siniilar goods j when the -stagnation of business .abroad-has 20:8 " . •• . , R E P O R T S OF T H E . • . " . [1845.- M-^Coritiri'ued.. . reduced:theratepf "ivages andthe cost of goods rnuch below the ordinary price; at -whiGh times goods of an inferiPr quality, made with a mixture of Madras and other .low-priced cotton, and sornetimes expressly in imitationofAinerican fabrics, arid with similar marks, .are thrown into Pur own as well as foreign rnarkets, to the great injury of the manufacturer, and in the end of the purchaser and consumer also. :- 18,, 19. They-.are consumed in ail.parts of the United States, some in Canada, and expprted to A-frica, China, South .Anierica, and other parts ofthe world. . . ' - . : •/„.:': 20. Areriotspld by barter,, b u t generaUy on a credit of 8 nionths. . • 2 1 . There has been a coristant decrease in the costof articles'manufactured, on account of the decline in .the price pf cptton and the. improverrients in •machinery, so that a. particular de.scription of goods, which cost, for a certain'•.quantity, .in 1834, for cotton, $.5 :33.; kbor, $2. 4 1 ; other .expenses, 93 cents---tpt.al.$8 67;:;-in.l844 cost,.fo^^^^^ $3 05;.labor., $1 74; Pther experises5:$l 0.5---total, $5 84; yet the rateof wages paid at the lalter period was: 10 to 2:0 per cent.:higher than at the fprmer. 22. The price atwhich the; gpbds have beeri sold has been reduced fully in proportion.:to the cost. : The greater.profits,of the latter .period have been, derived,from the larger quantity of goods produced by the employnient of the. same capital; -principally by reason of the iniprovement in the cpnstructipn, and the reduction in the: cpst, of machinery'. .: 23. As niany of the goods made by this cornpany .are sold in foreign oo.uritries, in;. cPmpetitiori .\iath Sirnilar of course Can reqnire no duty to- secure the market at, home in the ordiriary. cpurse of business;, rior would the price of the goods here be afiected by the duties ori .similar..foreign goods, any riiore than the price of C(?5tton.was affected .by the :duty,of-3 cerits- per .ppund on foreign, cotton. In this he .refers'.tp such heavy goo:Gis' as,are made at this niill, where the cost: of the cottori.andsPther inaterials bears so large apropPrtion tothe cost of the mari rifacture:d article.. With fine goods, where the . cost of the material would beiless arid the labor :mor.e.,.,the. case might •be different. .. " / , : . : ' • ^ - .•. ' ; . '. " ,24. .Thepresent regulations seern.lo:be sufficient for,the purpose, iinless with .-refererice to-a/:Z^ duties an.d frauds by false invoices. Such frauds are beat guarded agairis,t:> by..the. iniriimurn or' square-yard duty,: as.it is iri effect the same as a .specific duty, estirnated upori the: qriantity of: "the. article.imported, about \yhieh there, can'be no' question, as ifl relation to the cos.t.; ,. ' . . . .. ' ;' 25.: ..Refers.to answer- tp questipn No; .6, with reference to: anniial .profits. • .Within three .years:haye appropriated 'something over'$20,000 ofthe profits there stated, to rnake up for depreciation inthe value ofthe buildings." •' : ' : .' '-^ ; . •• : : ' : ' -•.'>. •^ '26, •Refer to ans w^er to question 10, •: • ./.^ ^^ :27; It-would be .'difficult to .'niake a •correct account ^,^ the amount of domestic productipris corisumed in this;establi-shrnent,. and' to distirrguish those deriyed fi'om-agriculture.;' butv,prie,.itern.Qf expenditure'-is at least |l,*200;per week, or rriore than $60,0'00 per year, paid for board of those 1845.]: SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 209 M—^.Continued. employed in the factory. Almpst the. whole. of this would be of dorriestic origin, and the greatest part the produce of agricultui;e. • ^. fi-'' 28. Carinot answer* .. — . : • . • •.'29.. A general reductipri of duties to, 12:J per cent, might not produce . any imrriediate.effeGt upon the prices:or salesof such goods as wemake^ as there would be httle direct competition, with similar goods imported. But those manufacturing companies which are inakirig .finer goods, or which have not been so long in operation* as-to become well established and able to contend with foreign conipetition j would, have to give up their business; and the la-bor and capital thus emplpyed, together with the buildings arid niachineiy, so far as they were suitable, would .bp , directed to other branches of manufacture, and.thri's overstock the market withall-articles that coiild riot be''sold for exportation*' Another effect of a .low- rate of duties -would be, that whenever the rrianufacturirig busi-ness in other, countries should be so much depressed,' as is sorrietimes the-case,.that goods for tw:o or three season^ are sold for less than thp cost of producirig. therii, we should have such quantities: thrown upon the market here as vvould be rriinous to any regular busiriess, and riiust stop the mills for a" time, and throw the workmpri outof 'eniplo.y, or reduce• the profits of capital and the, price of labPr to the same low rates as in foreign countries. All such changes, in the gerieral course of bu'siriess,' as'produce a charige in-the employmerit of labor and the'applicatioii of capital, :haye an effect rappn the general prosperity, and an irifluence uppn the ability of the consuhier of goods to make his purchases, much mpre destructive to the business of the nianufacturer than any competition in the supply of gpods merely,^ foreign or domestic.' Competition, either at^ home or abroad, will, tend, to reduce the price of labor. and thb cost of production of goods,so as to meet' the market price;, but & y "general distress in the country,-like .that produced by-the. defarigerrient of the currency a few years ago, takes frorn.the.-consumer the ability to purchase: or to pay, and causes an •eritire-prostratioripf business. ' ' : •. 30, 31. Should not probably be'.induced to abaridon the-busiriess, except thrpugh the operation of causes which would 'produce general dis^, tress, arid rerider it equally discouraging to engage in any-other :pursuit. 32. Cannot answer. , ' . .• , ' - . '33. The capital of the Ybrk Mariufacturing Compariy is $l,600;d00. . ,Db not use borrowed capital. : . " • 34. See answer;to question 23. ' •. " .•. ^ " : . :35 to. 40. -Cannot ariswer. ^ • ' . •. ' . ... • Pdrtland. From Augustine Haines, Esq.,. United' States District Attorney.^ Aetenowledges thcjreceipt of the circulars,, arid has distributed them, but. has received no answers. . Cumherland, John Anderson, Collector, encloses answers from H . ./S'^itK .agent ofi Portland Manifiactufing. Company, 1.-State of Mairie, county of Cumberland.VOL. v.—14. 210 R E P O R T S OF T H E fi: . [1845. M—Continued. ,. . .2. Cbtton; water.power. . • - : .3. Iri 1833; joint''stock. . ,. ' . -' • 4. Capital in buildirigs, water power, and machiriery, $185,000. . 5. Present annual payrnent of wages $36,000. The'average ainount of . cotton used fi^orii 1833, 433,000 lbs. per anrium. The first year"280,000 lbs., the.last year 727,386 lbs.; ayerage. cost for the cotton for the whole period 12 4-10 cents-per lb. ' . • 6.'The average prPfit. on'capital borrowed, over 6 per-cent.,.1 per cent.; .on capital invested,, 7 per cent. ... •; 7.. This depends upon .the great law of,trade—demand and supply.; The manufacturing.business has been gpod for the last two years, from • two • causesr^the home and export demand. The home demand isd-wing to the general, prbsperity of the country. This prosperity has. arisen from the enactments of the General Governmerit, protecting the labor-of the country against the labor of foreign countries, and the general impression that this is to be the .settled pohcy of the Goverriment. .The protective policy reaches directly or indirectly all classes of the .community—the" farmer, rriechanic, and' the day laborer. Cottpn fabrics are all American labor,, frorn the seed to the article. • • 8.- .Have rio statistics- by w.hich to judge specifically, but presume it varies from 5 to-15 per. cent*. .9. About 2,000,000 of yards per year of heavy sheetings, at 7J to 7f cents; white drills at .8 cents; striped drills, (indigo blue,^) 10 cerits. These w^re the gross prices of sales at eight mPnths' credit. 10. Partly ariswered iri. No. 5, as -to the cost and quantity of the principal material. Iri additiori to which, there is consumed the value of $6,000 in pptatP starch, oil, leather, iron, coal, and sundry^ other articles for repairs'; t,o° which may:be added $12,000 of agricultural •productions for .food. Of fbreign productions, from $2,000 to $3,000 per annum for iridigo blue. ;. 11. •;None imported, but a large amount exported. 12.- 45 "males, .180 females. Average wages of men, $1 80 per day; young rnen .and boys, "42 to 75 cents per day ;',fernales frorn. $1 to $2 pier week. : ... ^ . . ^ •'13. About .12 hours. ' . " ^ 14. Less wages in all. other employments in this couritry. In Europe, females earn fi^om one-third to one-half less. • . .. • . 15, 4 horses. V • 16. The principal markets are Portland, BostPn, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore; from'which poirits they are distributed through the country, and exported.> . . . ' 17. No foreign articles corne" in competition in the home market. 18. In this and foreign, countries. ., . . . :. 19. Asia, Africa, and :South America. \ 20. On 8 months'credit. 21. The cost of the manufactured article is varied very materially by the price of the material. .The experise of labor,, although wages have 1845,] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 211 M—Continued. . ' essentially adyanced, is. somewhal less, .owing to the improvement in machinery and the experience in manufacturing. 22. It has varied from 12J to 6 i cents per y.ard. " 23, 24. Speaks of the great'improvements in machinery; the policy ofthe British Governmtotin relation to her nianufactures; and concludes by recommending that the rninimums should be re:tained, and the tariff" remain as it now is, as it has been a blessing tb the land. 25. Itis a joint-stock cornpany; the^Jdividends have been $7 p'er share. The excess of profits oyer the dividends has been apphed to the payment of loss sustained in selling goods at 6J cents per yard. ' 26. The cost of labor already stated. The cost of the material has varied from 17 to 6 i cents per lb. The profit on the capital irivested. has not averaged 1 per cent, per annum, over the value 'of money invested in .stocks. ' 27. Already Answered. 28. Carinot answer with any precision, but it is vast in amourit and quantity. ' . 29. As the present tariff" has a most salutary influence on all the departments of labor, there seems no good reason why it should be altered. A settled policy is the only method to make this a great and strorig nation. We have all the elements to^produce great results, and they are now in active exercise, and in the right direction. He would use the mariner's language,—" steady, steady, as you ai'e." , 30. " I f our business is abandoned, our property is worthless." 31. The property being of no value, it could npt be applied to any use. 32.^ Cannot say. 33. Amount of capital already stated. Bprrow .occasionally, to stock the rriill with cotton. 34. This is altogether problematical. 35.^ Cannot say. ^ 36. A home valuation. If men of unquestionable integrity, &c., should be, employed, it is to be presiimed that the business would be done correctly. ^ • 37. Cannot answer with precision; but has np doubt that the great mass of the people are clothed with American manufactures, and that the proportipn is increasing. 38. To a small extent. .' The farmers who raise wool exchange it for woolen goods at the factories, their daughters being better employed than in spinrring at home, in a cotton factory, ; > 39. Not arisweredt ' * 40. Not answered. . i . ( ANSWERS .TO CIRCULAR No. 2.^ Belfast. From N. M. Lowry, Collector. 1. Wheat, r3^e, barley, Indian corri, hay, potatoes, with other succu 212 R E P O R T S OF T H E M—Continued. [1845o - lents, and pulse. Apples in lai:ge quantities and .of^ good quality; but none of the staples rnentioned.,',-. ''•' • •: ,' - C o / ., 2. It is estimated that, exclrisive of ship-building, tM manufacturing capital is not more than one-eighth, ship-bpilding two-eighths;: the o-thpr five-eighths are embraced urider the terrn''agriculture.. 'o <> ^' 3. The general prosperity of the State,: as a'comrriunity, is judged to depend-upon the success ojf the seyeral interests in the proportion above stated. . :-..[.:• .^ " . 4. The average of riet profit on capital employed in agriculture is estimated to be-not more than one per cerit. for the last four years., . :. 5. It is estimated to. have been something better for the .ten yeai's .pripr . to that tirne-^saj^ two p.er- cent.; but since that, tirne a general corriplairit has preyailed that farmers have beeri unable '^-to make- both ends rneet." 6. The.average price.for wheat for the first period riamed has' been $1, rye 75, oats 25, Indian corn 75, potatoes -30, beans $1. 25, peas $1 20; since 1842 there has been but little variation, though,.•including 1842, and excluding 1845, potatbes have averaged less---say 25'; corn less—-say 70; wheat 90; 'arid other aigricultural products iri hke proportion.' The average price per hand fpr agricultural labprers has -been, for the last-period, about $10 per riionth and board, and a trifle less for the first period. It is estimated that a frugal man would have done well tP have realized $75 per year above his expenses^ for either of those periods, in agricultural labor; a n d n b man can support hiriiself and. wife at that kind of labor at the average wages that cpuld have lieenofe'ed for that time.' . . . \ • •• ' • ' • .' • 7.. It is judged, from a consideration of all the informatiori that could be obtained, that with, the exception of ship-building, manufacturers' profits have largely increased for the last four years,, while the-prpfits of ship-buildirig and agriculture have diriiinished in a sorrie what less proportion; but, with the exceptiori of certain periods, it is -not understbod. to have been l h e result of ariy peculiar state of the currency, and it is riot supposed that there has been any violent contraction or expansion; bf the circulating medium for the last four years. •'•••' 8. .The State raiises horses for e-xportation;. also hogs, neat cattle, and other prpvisions. For the last three years the average price of beef upon the hoof has been about $3 75 per cwt.; pork about $4. It is so diffi^ cult to fix any average .upon tbe price of horses, .that an estimate'would be deemed'of little value, there being no price-current rioticed to which Tcference can be had, and as the .qualities are so various, though it is. thought that all the horses in the State, at this time, would riot; average more than $40 per head. The causes of variatiori in- the ..price of "beef are. various, such as the state of the hay crop, the increase of the lumbering business, w.hich emplbys lai^ge numbers of the best oxen. The best judges estimate that the exports of provisions, with the exception of flour, have been nearly balariced by the iniports. The imports of flour have been for the last ten years pripr to 1842 about 50,;000 barrels peryear, and about the same price for the period named. The price<^of flour has averaged about $4 for the ten years, prior to 1842, and ab"dut 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 213 M—Continued. $-5 for. the •period; since, excliiding 1845. The relative differences of •price noticed are attributed to the state of the' crops.and supply at the giyeri points of demand,-thpugh the- advantage given to certain kinds of .manufactures by law is deemed tP very much increase the profit of the particular class: protected, and, in like proportion, burden all the others.. 9. In this State there is. les.s relative dependence of the other classes upbri the agricultural of. the Stale'as a -whole, but.the commercial and riavigation interests in a great degree depend; upon the greal staples of. the Gountry.,'viz:: cotton, rice, &c.; and their profits-greatly depend upon them,"as a large portion of the riavigation derives emplpyment. from, them. 10. .The average prices of protected articles have not been as low, in . proportion to the. average price of the staples, for the last three, as. the \ preceding ten years, making all allowarices for the effect of any relative differerice of price in the raw inaterial for the sever.al periods. referred to; meaning by staples, not the articles produced by this State, but,the great staples of the country; and the cause, it is believed, will be fpurid in the desire of .those erigaged in manufacturing the great staples, of the country to make great • profits.;-increased, no. doubt, b y a fear that a change rnust soprier or later take place. The effect upon the State has • been irijurious, as -these profits are returned, to' the. State of Massachus'etts, w:here a la:rge portion of the capital employed is owried, though it has not had any very visible effect r^pon the expenses of living.. ' 11. The State exports large quantities of lumber of various kinds,, and some cotton fabrics. The amouiit of lumber and the prices thereof seem "to have been but.little affected during both peripds inquired of, by any cause, except the regular and increasing demand, which, our p.ecuhar situation and riieans have enabled the . comrii|Uriity tp meet with .corresponding supply; The cotton fabrics which have beeri exported have ge.nerallybeen sent to Boston, and the inforniation respecting them will, it is supposed, be more full- and certain from -.that source. ^ The effect tipon this community is only that produced by carrying on the cotton vmills and returning the proceeds to the merchant at Boston. Very small ' parts of the fabrics made in this State are sold here without first beirig . taken'.tb Boston.. i .' . -. :, .,12.. Itis.estirria.ted that three-fourths pf all articles of every kind that the State makes for export are. consumed abrPad. The prices are gpverried generally by. the foreigri demand, niodifi.ed by the circumstances that, coiitrol br affect the general supply al hpme. • The AVest, India market receives mostly, our lumber and surplus produce of various kirids. .-It is stated- by shippers that the duties on West India products materially affect the prices bf our exports in thqse markets, althougb thereis but little cbmpetition with our-particular produce in. those markets.. •. 13.. The,connpction' between the Exports an.d iniports of our country is.,deerned to be such,, that. no pne couritry can rely totally upon its exports, for itis apjparent that such a course rnust ultimately prpduce a revulsion, which will paralyze the productionof the articfes^of export, unfess the exporting. country has a riionPpoiy of production of a giyen 214 R E P O R T S OF T H E ^ [1845. M—Continued. article, and the market which receives that production has a monopoly ofthe market ofthe. world; and then a crisis would arise from the want of a rnedium to carry on the business for any length of time. And'it is judged that the present tariff'must, if continued withbut niodification, in a great measure reduce the exports and oblige their home consumption at a very reduced price, which is understood to be the real working of the theory that "high duties make low prices;" and these changes can only be effected through terrible revulsions in the commercial world. 14. W e have cotton and woolen manufactories; the exact riumber cannot by me be readily ascertained at this time. They produce common cotton fabrics and the cheapest cassimeres. It is judged that the capital invested in ihem is about one and a half milhon, and if any reliance is.to be placed on the ordinary sources of information, their profits for thelast three years liave been from 20 tp 40 per cent.. It is adrnitted by all that our cottori manufactories can compete with the world without the present duties. " 15. Having already stated that the State is largely a ship-building State, I have only to reply to the other brarich pfthe inquiry. It is supposed that every one must know that the duties on articles that go into the manufacture of vessels are onerous upon this State, and benefit no other branch of our iridustry, as we do'not produce any of them. The present condition of that interest is much less prosperous than before the act of 1842, though the enterprise of our citizens has been able to endure it thus.-far. The general interest of navigation is only ^^ofe?*tt^&/e, 16. Is answered in the fbrmer replies. 17. I t is not supppsed that the wareliousing system would affect materially the commerce'pf .Maine. . • . IS. It is supposed that if a systeni cari be adopted which should prevent frauds in the transactions,^ it would be favorable to allow them as now. > . ^ . . 19. The irnporters of Maine, ofwhom inquiry has been made, do not name any articles which should be entitled to debenture, which are not so now. • • .^ 20. Cotton fabric's of various kinds. ' ..21. It is not apparent that the rninimums of the present tariff' affect very materially the general interest of this State; nor is it known that there is any objection to cash duties, without lhe warehousing, system, that would materially affect the State as a community. 22. After a careful exaniination of the.list of free articles, it is not discovered that there are any of them that would furnish any consider• able revenue, or which, if a small duty were laid on'thern—say. 20 per cent, ad valorem-—would be attended by any evil in consequence.' 23. There are a few articles of dye and d3^e compositions, which are now free, which are used solely by manufacturers, which are protected iin the rnariufactured fabric; but i t is deemed .immaterial whether the evil be corrected by reduction^of duty on the fabrics, or by a duty on the articles used, or both: , fi '• . • 24. There are some articles of general consumption which are now 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. . -M—Contiriued: . 215 ;; heavily dutied, which are produced, in.'but. small, propprtioris : to the arnount consumed in the United States, which operates:very unequally . upon the poorer classes. The article-of sugar .is quoted • in the.: New York Trifeyzeprice-current, 1.842, at 3J.c.eiits per p p u n d a t New .Orlearis^; The same paper-.quotes the sarne.artic.le.at same place, 1844, :at 7 cerits. per pourid. If one cent of this duty goes into, tlie hands, of the United States sugar planters, by a reasoriabl.e estiniate of the.-crop of .1844 it gives those prpducersriearly three mihions. of-dollar.^ o:^t,bf", the pockets • ofthe community at large. ..This is considered as grievous to Maine,, in the prpportion her populatiori bears to the whole ofthe cbrisuriiers o-f .the States. : • . : • • . • . ... 25. The above "answer is considered as answering ihis inquiry, so faras relates to the article of sugar. The common fabrics of cotton, sheeting, :shir ting; calicoes, ticking, &P:?-, are all much.enhanced in price, and .the .additional price is considered to average about 30 per pent, as' far as it is possible tb ascertain. There are many pther articles whi.ch it is deemed unimportant to mention.'' The article of irori, which goes into the coristruction of vessels, is extensive and somewhat peculiar to Maine, as she does not produce any iron. The arnount of duties-paid upon these' articles cannot now be ascertained here. • .' 26. It is not understood how the present duties can in-^any way benefit the producers of Maine, except on the articles of cbrd-woPd, potatoes, yarious kinds pf lumber, and .wool. These should be increased, iri.ord,er to balance.the accounts, yery considerably. It is thbught that in evei'y other 'instance the farming iriterest is very heavily burdened. . • The State has not prospered under the present tariff-as before, arid itis attributed to , the bindirig her interest in agriculture and cornmerce, to favPr manu-. facturersv • " , . . - . .. -^ -27. T h e S t a t e produces about one and.a quarter million porinds of wool of the coarser kinds. Its average price per pound' has been 31 cents since'1842, and about 42 cents before that time. Itis not assumed that the present tariff has caused the difference, though the wool raised in Maine is not that kind which- receives .the greatest prPtectiori. It is an article which can be increased or .diminished in amount. about .100 per cent, per annum. . ^ • 28. We have no mines-in this State, though we haye extensive quarries of granite and limestone. '•' • ' . - N E W HAMPSHIRE. .* Strafford. ANSWERS. TO CIRCULAR :No, 1. From Salmon FaUs Manufiacturing Company^ per J, D. Watson, 1. NewHampshire; Strafford county. 2. Cottbn factory.. Water power. 3. 1822.' Joirit-stock company. . .V. . •, - •- 216 R E P O R T S OP T H K [1845,. . M—-Continued. "4. When completed, .will have cost $250,000.. ' . '' . ' . 5. About $50,000. : ' -.. ••• : 6. No profit, but a loss of three-fourths ofthe capital by goods and by fire. A new capital was paid in a yeai: ago. •. . 7. Accounts have not been made tip; probably some profit at preserit, 8'. Six per cent. ' . *. : 9.- Do not know; havirig:been connected with the concern only sirice converted from a woolen to a cotton factory. : ,,. 10. 35,000 pounds of cotton per-week, or 1,820,000 pourids per annurh;. 300 tons of coal;. 3,000 gallons- of oil; and $1,000 worth of potato starch. '. 11. Do not know. ^' / 12. See answers to 13.and 40. About 1,000 hands employed. . •- 13..-From-11 to 12* hours' a day. Principaily paid 6y the quantity, and not by the day. ;. . 1 4 . The. rate of wages of persons similarly emplpyed the same as here;» beirig higher ihan in other States' in. common employments, and yery niuch higher than iri foreign countries. . • . 15. Never more i h a n four'.hor ses and oxen. •" ". 16. Sold chiefly in Boston, to be distributed. • :-. 17. None of the same descriptfon brought to this market. . • 18. Chiefly in this couritry—^some exported tp South America. 19. Answeredi' • .: • " , 20. • Sometimes for cash; generally on eight riipnths' credit. 2.1. Cost of riia:nufacturing has diminished, partly frPm a decrease in. the price pfthe raw material, and from the imprpvement in machinery. Labor, is rather higher. ' • . ,-^ /. 22. Similar. goods have' been sold, withiri ten years, for 14 and 15 cents.; n:ow for 8, and pay a profit. : , .' : 23. .-A protective duty is riecess.ary to protect us" against the low:-prices produced by a glut of siriiilar goods in foreigri countries; They are not npw sent to" this countiy,_but wbuld be but for the -duty imposed; and. Avould have corne into ruinou$ compeiitipn with our own manufactures. •'.24; No; the specific'duties, prevent fraud effectually" eriPugh.- 25.- Canriot say.- ' Other similar coricerns have done well within the: last twp years, diyiding from-4to 8.per cent, semi-annually, and in some cases 10 per cerit. -. • \ . . • 26. The raw rn.a:terial costs three cerits a yard, and other expenses, amount to about the same. The principal part of the cost, besides the. raw.material, is the labor. 27. Cannot say; no iinporta.nt agricultural productions corisumed in the process oT mariufacturing, except potatoes for. starch. 28. Would require a great deal of examination;- -The.cerisus givesthe amount of cotton rnanufactures, or an approaoh to it.: I should think one-third, was in gPods pf this niimber of j^arn. 29. Cannot be answered until the expeririient is tried; think itwould be ruinous. - . • . : • 30. No answer. ' \'o- • - • ' : • . . • • • ' 18:45.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 217 M—Cpntinued. - $1.^ No answer.. ' .- -^ . / . • • -'-^ ' :'} '."'.;-...- •'• I'32.. Iron can be imported >nd delivered in all places on the great water courses'and railroads cheaper than it can be produced,'provided there were no protective duty -upon it.: Not acquairited with the cost of manufacturirig salt. . • " ' . ' ' • ' 33. $300,000. W e may at tinies owe $50,000. 34. Do not know. ' 35. About 80 per cent. .: , .36.' No rate of ad valprem duties will prevent frauds as. well as specific, duties, There are no frauds in imp.prting heavy cottpn goods that .1 know of '• -: ' . . . . 37. Do not know precisely. Iri the northern States all the low cotton goods consumed, are prodiiced here. ' , . 38. Do not know. ' . , 39. See American Almanac, where the rates- of interest of all the States are put down. •' 40. I should s.Uip.pose.75.''cents.a day for men./. Strafford County.' .1, 2t 3. ^ 4. From P . 2^. Jackson,- Trecisurer ofi th'e Great Falls Manufiacturing Company. • •' < In the State pf New Hampshire, county pf Strafford,.. Cotton cloth of various qualities; water power, • . . A joint-stpck concern, chartered in 1823... . :. Capital paid in September, 182,3, on '780 s h a r e s : , . .$780,000^ 00 Dp. -November, 1838, on 1,220 " ' . > . . 488,000 00 •. " Do. Septernber, 1840, Pn 2,000 "" . . ' . . lOO^^OOd.OO . Do. Novembei, 1841, on 1,000, " . . . . /21Q,:000 >00 " Whole amount ofcapital paid in . . . . . . . . . .•.•....... • . .$lv878,00Q "00 of which I. cannot designate. how much has been\e:5^p)ended from l^Ke ; beginning in ground, buildings,- water power, , and machiner^y,, but: that. ^ portion of the property was Valued and charg.ed' in', the. last ^annual account, Junfe 30, 1845, at $670,000.. . ^-^ • fi • / ' . ' '.> / , ' ' - 5'.- The amount charged in the-sarne accourit for-materials and^cash,' ' was $211,447 12; de]its due.lo the company (less ambunt they owbd) '• / by the same aecbunt,'$392,929 60, ' — ' ' ' . . . ' . -6. The-$768,000 paidin 1823 was employed iri •manufacturing-cbttpn • and woolen cloths cand carpeting. I carinot state what amount was ' employed in each branch, neither can I distinguish the profits on borrowed oapital from those on capital paid in. Iri: 1838 .the stockholders ^ found that thej^ had lost so much that they must raise moire rnpney or stop their works; accordingly, they created 1,220 shares, which were sold for'$400. each,, adding $488,000 to the capital.- Up to this period, the dividends paid were $399,194, and the simple iriterest on the capital paid in was $702,000. \ • From 1838 the company confined their operations to the manufacture of cPtton goods. • In the.summer of 1840, it appeared that, after paying 218 R E P O R T S OF T H E ,M—Continued. [1845. . ' the,debts,, there would be left only $40,000 for active capital; and the . mills aild machinery required sorne alterations and heavy repairs to place them on a par with sirnilar establishments. 2,000" shares were created, and; sold for $400,000'; in 1841, l,000rnore-shares Were sold . at auction for $210,000; making the whole capital paid in (in 5,000 shares) amount to $1,878,000; the simple interest-on which, frpm the several dates of payrnent to 1845, amounts to $1,402,8.60—say capital, .with interest, $3,280,860. The dividends paid to 'June, 1845, were $804,194; add-iriterest, $268,911, is $1,07,3,105, which, deducted frorn -^ the capital and interest,' leaves $2,207^755. From this deduct the actual market.value of the stock in 1845, viz: 5,000 shares, at $300. each, is $1,500,000; arid the loss to the stockhpldersls $707,755, after crediting all dividends received, with simple interest on payments- and receipts. I have given this statemerit of the losses-of this compahy, because I know that, in, doing this, I am 'also giving the history of mariy ofthe cotton manufactories in New England.. Hayirig had some experience in the business, I venture to give it as i n y opinibn, that,if a true account were obtained of all of thern from the commencement to this time, they would not return the capital invested, with the cornmon rate of interest. • • ^ " .r. . 7. No doubt a portion of the loss sustained by this compariy may be ascribed to the want pf skill in the early stage of the business; but much . may very properly be attributed to the. frequent and sudden variations in the markets from. 18S6 to 1842; since which year the business has • been more regular and profitable. • . ' • ' ^-. . 8. I cannot state with accuraby, but certainly not lessthan six per :. cent. ' , . . . • 9. I can only go back tb 1840; since which we have made— S h i r t i n g s : . : . . . . . .No. 30 yarn, 14,200,442 yards, worth $973,458 .00 Printirig cloth. . . . .No. 30 " 18,336,228 •'" '^ " 1,009,444 ^00 " , Do. '- . . . . . N o . 38 " 1,007,145 " . ^ " 79,014 00 :' Sheetings . • : . . . . . .No. 14 . " 10,551,718 " • '' • .643,332 00 . Drillings.... . .No. 14 "• 3,942,220 - " ' -" 280,870 00 . Madein5years. -...--•....48,037,748 : $2,986,118 00 The cost of manufacturing the above Was— ,. For labor, &c., &c.:..'... .$1,141,092 •For'12,557,672 Ibs.of c o t t o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118,437 ^$2,259,529 00 l o . We are riow using per annum—• . . ., , Of cotton, about 3,500,000' lbs.—value at preserit price, (8 cen.ts) ..fi...... ' $280,000 00 . Of fuel, mostty wpod,. value, at present price, .(90 cents).. • 5,700 .00Of oil, 8,000 gallons per annurn^—value at preserit price, (90 c e n t s ) . . . . . . . . . ; ' . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f i . : ', 7,200. 00 Of soap, value at present price - - . . . - . . . . . . . - , . . . . . - . • . . . 600 00 Of leather, value at present price ......-.-...-.'.-.. 3,500 00 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 219 M—-Continued. Of potatp starch, about 100,000 lbs., value at present , price, (4 cents) Of sundries for repairs—as luniber, iron, steel, charcoal, &c., say . ............ $4,000 00 5,000 00 All domestic products, except part pf the iron . . . . : . , . . , $306,000 00 11. Carinot answer. 12. The nuniber of persoris employed in June last was^— M e n . . . . . .258, average wages, iricluding board, $1 05 cents p.er day. B o y s . . . . . . 35, do'. do. 35 do. Girls . . . . . 9 2 1 , do. do. 53 do. ^ 13. Average hours of labor through the year, 12 hours per day. 14. In New Hampshire the wages of mem average al30ut the. same as we pay. There is no standard rate for.wages of^girls, but we believe they do nPt generally get so much as we pay. 15. No animals employed. \ 16. 18, 19. Our goods are'sold, for consumption, alLover the'United States. Mbst of our sales<>are made in Philadelphia, New Yprk, and Boston. Sbme o f t h e drillings and sheetings are sold for export to China, South America, and the Mediterranean. 17. I cannot answer ; we do not export, pn our own account. 20. We generally sell on eight to twelve months' credit. 21. The cpst has decreased. The cost, of shirtings. No.. 30 yarn, was, in— 1828, 33 cents per pound for manufacturing; cotton 1 2 | cents. 1830, 22 do. do. do. 12 84-100 " 1835,20 : do. do. do. 1 6 | 1840, 14J. , do. do. do. 1181-100 " 1845,11 J do. do. do. 7 For sheetings, No. 14 yarn, the cost wa.s, in—. ' 1835, 14^ centsper pourid for rnanufacturing; cotton 15f cents. 1840,. 9 do. do. . do. 10 1845, .5-1 do. .^ . do. do. 5| / " The principal cause, of the decrease in the cPst of manufacturing, is to be found in the irnprovernents made in niachinery. - 22. Prices obtairied— •• : 1841.." 1842. 1843. 1844. • 1845. 7 50-100 7 • For shirtings. No. 30, .7 20-100 6 75-100 6 . 6 For printings. No. 30,-. 5 85-100 . 4 75-100 ' 4 25-100 7 6 . For sheetings. No. 14, 6 30-100 5 50.-100 5 75-100 7: 8 50-100 7.. 6 For drillings. No. 14, none. . "none. :. 23, 24. In.answerlp these I can only say, we are content with the revenue laws as they riow exist. 25. The profits made in three years, frprn June 30,1842, to June, 1845, were $562,000^^0 dividerids paid durihg the same period were $405,000; leaving reserved prpfits of $156,000-, which has..been expended in puttirig the mills and niachinery in good repair; for'which 220 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M-^Continued. purpose about $120,000 more will be required, to be reseryed. put of future profits. " \. . :/ :• ' ,' : . 26. The cost of No.. 30 shirtings and p r i n t i n g s Labor 8 cerits, other expenses 4 cents, cottori 8 cents per pound; The cost of No. 14 sheetings and drillings-— . ' Labor 3 6-10 cerits, other.experises 2 cerits,-cotton'6 1-6 cent-s per pound. 27, 28; Have no mearis of fqrmirig a judgment. * • ' . 29, 30, 31. Reducing the duty to 12'|-per cerit. would reduce very much the value of. all l h e rnills and machinery now in operaltibn;. it would also cause a great reductiori in the price of labbr,..arid"perhaps in the price of cottori. In this case, skillful persoris might be: enabled to operate them with some profit---small,:but perhaps equals to what could be made in*other pursuits, in the state of, things which would be produced by s.uchj a change.' If. this should fail, and we are compelled to abaridpn the business a:ltogether, w.e shall be" situated very rriuch as w e were when the , policy of the Government obliged us to . abandon a portion of our commerce, and niust employ what httfe :capital we may have left as well as >we can. , . , ^ ,. " 32 to 40. I have ..hot the means of answering the remainder of the questions. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. 'Keene, , From Hon. S: Hale,^ enclosed in letter fir oin' Cyrus Barton. 1.. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, potatoes, cpcoons,. and rriaple sugar.- No cotton, rice, or tobacco. .' ' ' ' • . ' . fi. 2." The proportion of capital invested in farming operations- he estimates at four-fifths of the'whole, or $58,000,000. . • : 3 , 9 . " The' commercial, mechanical, /manufacturing, and. riiayigatibn interests." of New^ Hampshire are not so much conriected with, and dependent upon the agricultural as is the case elsewhere. They are all, however, and more especially the mechanical and nianujfacturing iriterests, ^beneficial to the agricultural, arid,each to the other..' Biit the benefit whi'ch agriculture thus receives is mbre than couriterbalanced by disadyantEiges arising from other sources.- Tp this seaport, and to almost every factory in the- State, the flour and: corn of the West-and the,oats of Vermont find easy ^cPess. ' F o r the consuiiiptiori.of only a -part of the county of Cheshire. 5^000 bbls. of .flpur are brought annually ^ and into the whole State probably 100,000 bbls.' The factories, howeyer, prevent this disastrous effect from falling-sb heavily'on the farrriers living I n the neighborhood by taking from t,l%Gm,. besides their grains °.at reduced prices, potatoes, &c. 4, 5i 6, 7.; Carinot aiis\ypr the.sb' questibns except in general, ternis. From 1832 to. 1842, .considered as one peripd, the!profits'of-farming in this State, though yariable,4were''higher^than they haye been since;.but the reduction of profits has not been-occasioned liy any single cause. J845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 221 M—Contiriued. The currency has been an efficient cause. The irnpulse giveri to rnan•ufactures by the tariff of 1828 continued to operate tilh 1836* Before that year a vast riumber of persons, ceasing l o produce, became- consumers only, of agricultural products; afterwards an equal or greater number, before consumers, only, became prpducers.. Suppose that one, two, or three huridred thousarid riien, whp have consurried one barrel pf flour each for seyeral.years, thus.raising the price, should be. cornpelled to ..change their emplby merits, and'.each, instead of taking, one barrel from niarket, should send three or more into it, this a:,lorie would be sufficient tp accourit for a considerable fall, in the .price of agricultural products. Theforrher state of things hasriotbeen restored; at-present there are ' too rnariy,.f)rodueers in proportion to the consumers, and,,pf course, the profits of farmirig capital have, .until receritly, been comparatively 16\Y. .8. New Harripshire raises a srifficient supply-of horses, rnriles, cattle, sheep, and .hogS' for its own 'use and consumiDtiqn, and spme to spare. Of" wheat> corn, arid oats,.it does riot raise eriough. . .Wheat cbmes in'flour, priricipaily.frorn the -West, and so much of it and cPrri as tb reduce the prices of: all. grains raised here, and the value of real estate. 10. " The average prices of what are called •protected/articles" have not, in his opiniori, been as low, in comparison, with those of staples, arid irideed of all agricultural products, for the last three :ye:ars as forthe preceding ten yeai'S:; but he .expresses this opinion without" haying gone irito a particular examination of the subject. This state of things may be'attributed to causes already alluded to. Before 1840 a. large number of people, from.being coiisurners merely,:became, producers of agricultural products, and remain such still. Thb supply was thus increased, the demand lessened, and, pf course,' prices fell. ; 1.1;..Besides agricultural products, such as cattle, sheep, wool, pork,&c., the State exports large quantities of.manufactured articles, of the vaiueVaiid.ariiountof/which he can form no estirniate. ^, . 12. It is irnpossible to tell what prpportion of the articles- exported frorri New Hampshire are consumed abroad. A large amourit goes to Boston, and sorne to'New York. He doubts .whether,.'when any con-' siderable: portion of ariy comrriodity, and not all, is exported, the price is ever:" governed " exclusively^" by the foreign, pr the hoine demand^" Each has rriore or.less influence, according tp circumstances. If a market [.requires but a. tenth part of a commodity, it affects,, if it does not "goverri.j" the price of the rernaining nine parts.^. . . : 13. -A country can export only its surplus products, and these it will export; it GariimpPrt Pnly ^as .much as its surplus products will pay for, arid so rnuch it,will irnport. .These are-.gerieral rules, arid must be ap. plied, not to single years, but to periods, of several years; and he-enters into a long argumerit on theisubject. '. . ... • 14. There are maiiy manufacturing establishments, large, and. sniall, " mostly pf: Cotton and wool; but his iriformation does not eriable hirn to gi,ve: any .-account of their number, "nor of the capital invested, nor pf their profits.. He has been, coricerned in but one, which is of cotton, and that has riot, for the last twent}'' years, jnelded.two per cent, per arinum 222 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. on the cost; and for the" last three years has paid no dividend, the profits being expended in repairs. Others have yielded less, and a few havebeen prpfitable. . ' . •, 22. If rnore revenue is needed, tea and coffee would bear a moderate duty. He i s n o t aware of any reason why these, articles should be exempt from duty. It is by no means certain that a moderate duty would enhance their cost to the consumer. ^ " 26. Manufactures beriefit the farmers in this State, especially in the neighborhood of the factories, by furnishirig them a near and certain market -fbr their products. In his opiriion the preserit duties can be so modified as to benefit a portion of them (those whoi-aise sheep) directly, and the rest indirectly, by imposing a higher duty on wool costing less, than seven cents per pound. Much of this wool comes in coriipetition with, the wool raised here. For the last twenty years this State, if it has prospered at all, has prospered slowly; does not attribute its want of prosperity to high duties, but to a want of skill and rnanagement in the cultivation of the soil, and to the amount of ernigratiori from the State, &c. - . .• ' 21. The number ofsheep in 1844 was 497,633. Estimating each sheep ' to 3deld two pounds twelve ounces of wool, the whole amount would b e 1,368,475 pounds. The price of wool has fallen this year-—domestic competition, stimulated by the present duties, having increased the quantity raised. . Hanover, Grafiton county. From Alfired Morse, Postmaster. 1. Speaks only of Gra,fton county, which he says is an agricultural county, raising aU kinds of grain and vegetables. No cotton, rice, or tobacco. \ • 2. Nearly three-fourths of the capital is engaged in agriculture, including the raising of live stock. ' . 4. The annual average of prpfits on capital emplbyed on well-cpnducted farms for the last three years has been very small, if an actual loss has. not been sustained. F o r t h e ten years preceding 1842 was about six per cent greater than for the "last threeyears. The operation of the tariff' laws and the currency have undoubtedly produced this result. . 8. This county raises a supply of horses, mules, hogs, and cattle, and a supply of all provisions except flour, the deficiency of which is obtained from the West. The average price of this, as weU as. all other agricultural products, has been lower sirice 1842 than in the ten years preceding; while the average prices of what are called the protected articles have been higher in proportion. » • There are eight smalll manufacturirig establishrnents in this county for the manufacture of woolen goods,..principally cassimeres and satinets, the value "of which and their machinery ih 1844 was $38,350; capital for the purchase of raw materials, $5,000 each. The prPfits for thelast three years have.been large... The present duties might be somewhat lessened without irijuring them. '. • , 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 223 Mr—Gontinued. .23. The articles of iron, sugar, &c., which are extensively used and consumed by the producing and laboring classes, are undoubtedty greatly enhanced in price by the operation of the present tariff. • 27.; Wpol is the great staple of this county, of which there is used annuany about 450,000 ppunds. The. duties on foreign wool."which comes in competition with much of this, are almost.nominal,.and afford httle protection to the wopl-groWer; and the only benefit from the present duties to those erigaged in growing the agricultural products and staples referred to, is through the manufacturer; that is, they perhaps find a quicker mari^et, though. not at any adva^nced price. It would seem evident that, tp be equal, if the present duties are continued on the manufactured articles, the duties on the raw material ought to be considerably iricreased. - The price of woolin this county sirice the tariffs pf 1842 has been, rtpon an average, for good quality thirty-five cents per ppund, and for lhe ten years preceding about forty-five .cents... 28. There is an iron mine worked in the town of Franconia, in this county, the fixtures andrnachinery of .which are valued by the assessors of that town at $3,000, and in the working of which some $20,000 capital is employed. The quantity of irpn produced, or its value,, he has not been able tb ascertain. The business is better than it has been for several years-past.. • VERMONT. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 1. Burlington, Archibald W. -Hyde, Esq., late .Collector, encloses answers firom Norris Dodge. 1. Arlington, Burlington county, Vermont. 2. Woolen.. , Water power. ' • , 3. 1833. Joint stock. • 4. Capital $7,000. ' ^, , :.; :,. ' 5. N P answ:er. . . . . : . 6. Has made no dividends as yet. Prospered till January, 1837, when the whole, was lost by fire. Very soon rebuilt, and agairi lost by the failure ofa commission house in 1840. 7. Causes of increase and decrease are vaiious. A good, established Government policy—one that can be relied on as permanent—gives life, and health to the rnanufacturer; whereas an unstable one is death to all improvement, and to business.itself There are pther causes. .. 8. No answer. 9. About 12,000 yards per annum o f f goods. p 10. No,answer. „ . 11., No answer.12. On an average about 12. 224 . R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Contiriued. 13. Thirteen hours. -j . 14.'No-answer. . « ' '•": . : .. 15. No answer. : • '•••'• 1 6 . Clocks are sent to Troy,;, Albany, and New York.* . 17. They: db, but to what extent carinot say. 18. In nearly all the States. ' * . •" ' . • . * 19:. Not any. _ .fi. . ' •- . 20. Sold ori comriiissipri a:t six months. . 21.-There has been a decrease in .Porisequerice of improvement i n ' • .machinery, and an increase in. stock at times, but nbt ariy in labor. .'22. Varied from .95 to 40 cents. . 23.' The preserit rate of .duty;-\X^ill answer very well.. None less. 24. No'.answer. '• ; • ' ' • ' , . ' " • " • '> ' 2:^.. No-answer.'• •' ' ^ :" ' • • '''.fi ' V '': •26. Neariy .three-fourths of the raw niaterial; one-fourth for labor, and profits, of capital. : ' ' '• . - " '27.- Five families, are fed arid clothed mostly, by American productiphs. • • ' . ' . : - • '.. • • , : ' . ' 2 8 . ' N P a n s w e r . •' '..••• ' •'. ' 29. Should .be obliged l o abaridon.the'busiriess.: 30. Till the soik ^ . ,. ; • 31. Could make a comfortable living by farmirig; but m.anufacturing could only be done at a loss. 34. Not .any. . fi 35.10 40. Not ariswered. ", " ,!> •'MASSACHUSETTS.. ;• ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 1.. Plymouth. From W. M. Jackson, CoUector. 1. Massachusetts, county of Plymouth.;. • 2. Two rolling, and nail mills; water -power. 3. In 1807. Individual concern. . ^ 4. $100^000. : " : . . . • 5.. $85,odo. ' ••--.6 to 9. Nbt answered. . * " -. . 10.-Scrap and.pig iron. .• 11. Not answered. 12. 13. 14. 16. 17, 20; .'.•--'--• Fifty men; average $1 per day. ' Ten hours average tinie. 15. Not answered. : Sent principally to Boston and southern ports. 18, 19. Not answered. On a credit of six, months. ' • 1845.] SE'CRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. . 225 M-rrr<>pntinued^ . - ' 2 1 . Not. ansWered. 22.. From 3J to 5 cents per pdund. 23, 2.4, 2§..-Not answered. • 26. Raw material cost about 50 per cent. 27, 28. Not "answered. / '' 29. Could n o t be cpritiriued. ,. 30. Unknown. A heavy loss would be incurred. •3i to 40. Not answered. ^ Plymouth. From W. M., Jackson, Collector, . :.""- ' - '- .. : / . . . 1. Massachusetts, county of Plymouth. : 2. -Cordage manufactories. Water; .and stearn power. ; 3. In 1828 and 1838. Joint stock! ' ., ' 4. $7o,oo(j. ; 5. $65,000. 6. About 1 per cent. 7. 8. Not answered. 9. About 900 tons. , 10. Rnssia, Manilla, and American^ one-third .each. 11. Cost about the same to import., \ 12. 139 men and bbys; average about $1 per day. \ 13. Average 10 hours per day. 14. 15. Not answered. 16. Principally sent to Boston. , ' . • 17, 18. Not answered. • 19. Sorne Manilla cordage sent to Havana and,South Arnerica. 20. Six .months' credit. . • . ' 21. Not answered. ' .• , 22. Tarred cordage for 11 cerits; Manilla, 10 cents per pound. 2 3 l o 27. NPt answered. ..28. 5,000,000 in the.United States; 1,500,000 in this S^^^ 29: Could not be continued. ; 3.0. Not answered. . • : .. 3 i . Would.be nearly a to.tal loss.. , 32 tb 40. Urianswered. ' , - ; Plymouth.. From W.'M. Jachson, Collector^ 2. Cotton mills. Water power. 3. In 1812 and 1830. Joint stock. 4. $2.0,-000 capitaL 5. $10,000. ^ . 6, 7, 8. Not answered. 9. $16,000. '• . . 10. 187,000 ibs. of cotton. 11. Not answered. ' 12. About,31 riiales-arid 47females; males average about $1, females 75 cents per day. VOL. v.—15. . 226 R E P O R T S OF T H E "^ . [1845. M—-Continued. 13. Average about l o hours. 14, .15. Not answered. ^. 16. Sent.to Boston principally. • Plyinouth. . -— . ;• From W. M. Jackson, Collector, : • - ' •-• .^ • 2.'Rivet manufactory. "Water power. :" :. '. ,- . . 3.. In 1844. -• . -• .... • .• 4. $10,000. . . • : 5 to 9. Urianswered. . :• ' . ' / 10. 75 tons of wire, "domestic," value $50,000. • I L Not answered. ' ' . "" ,• . 12! 15 men," at $1 25* per day. , . ' . .:". , .. 13 to 15. Not replied tp. • ./ 16. In this country.' , . ^. . 17 tb 19. Not answered. , 20. Six months. 21 to 40. Not answered. Essex.. Frorri Williarn Nichols,-CoUector, fir oin Amesbury Mariufacturing • . 'Company. 1. Massachusetts, county of Essex, r • . ./ , 2. Woolen. Water power. : 3./Estabhshed in 1822. Joint stock. "' 4.. $400,000. 5/About $100,000. • 6. After paying iriterest on amount borrowed, have not averaged more than 5 per cent. . ; 7... Causes'various. • " -. . • .. 8. From 6 per cent, tp 12 per cent. , 9. Frorii $200',000.to $300,000. Flannels and satinets principally; • about two-thirds flannels,' and orie-third satiriets. 10. Wool 400,000-lbs. per annum; all raised in this' country; value $140,000. Value of other domestic products per arinum $8,000; foreign pro.ducts $12,000. I L From the variety of qualities, impossible to state. 12.. About 180 males and females. Wages; males $5 to $8 per week, .females $3 50 t o $ 5 per week; younger class of females from $2 50 to $3 per week.. • . ° , . • : . 13. About IOJ hours a day, on an average,'the year through. 14. Not answered. "15. Two horses. ' •. , ,' 16. Manufactures sent to Boston arid there sold .to different parts of the country. 17. Notto a great exterit. . ,18. Cpnsumed in every part of the country, chiefly in the North and West. '. ' 1845.] . S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E - T R E A S U R Y , • 0 - 227 • M—Continued. 19. ^None expprted. 20, -Sold by commission mercharits Pn a credit of 8 months. 21.- Decreased; • Sorne of the materials cheaper, and some- not. By improvement in machinery, manufacture for less- than formerly; operatives receiving the same wages as ever. \ : 22. Prices have varied almost every year, more or less. . 23. The preserit duty is none too much. 24. For securing 'the duty a specific square-yard: duty is the, most desirable. In ad valorem duties, false invoices are easily m a d e . 25. For 3 years, including the present, about 30 -per cent, for the z(;A.o?e. .tee—10 per'cent, per anriurn. 26. Cost of raw^ materials, including wool, about 70 per cent.; .labor 20 per cent.; interest, commission,freight,&c., about 10 per cent.; profit about 5 per cent, per annum. ^ • ' 27. See-ariswer to question No. 10. . 28. Not answered. 29.- If the duty should be reduced to 12J. per cent., it would cause us to abandon the busiriess.. . , : : ^ 30. Cannot say. 31. The business done by a certain class of brokers would be rnore profitable thari manufacturing, should the duties'be reduced to anything like 12J per cent. --.:..; ; 3 2 , 3 3 . Not answered. •. • " . 34. Has not giyeri 6 per cent, throughout. Cbuld expect nothirig good from a reduction of duties. — ' 35. About 40-per cent, ori flannels.: 36. l i practicable to carry into effect the system of honie valuations, (which seems impossible,) that would operate equally at all ports, and prevent frauds by the importer. : ' > > 37. All consumed here. ' . •. '\ ' 38. 39, 40. Not ariswered. Essex. From Wm. Nichols, Collectm',firomBartlett.steam mills, Newburyport, 1. Massachusetts, Newburyport, Essex cpunty. - fi '\ 2. Cotton manufactory. Steam ppwer> '3. In 1838. Joint stock. ; -. 4. Capital $300,000. /: 5. Average aniount of materials, ^ c , $50,000. ;' 6. Annual profit 8^per cent*' 7. Competition and. state of the market. 8. Not answered. ^: . • " . 9. 2,000,000 yards of cotton cloth. No. .40--rvalue $200,000.. 10. 500,000 ibs. cotton, Louisiana. 100 bbls. flour per anrium. 11/Not answered; .'..''. 12. Four hundred. -. 13. Eleven hours throughout the year.. . 14.. Not answered*• •" . ' • . 228 •- . REPORTS OF T H E -. M-^Coiitinued. . .;15, None.."' ' '.:..-• .., [1845<> , • / ; ^' • " .' o /'• . _ . ^, ' " :''''; . -16., Bostori, New Yo.rl?,PMiadelphia,'-arid Baltimorco. . .0 9. "1.7, Unknown.' ,:, ..-• ", •. - .'•'•.'. - ; ^.--' 1 8 . I l l t h e U n i t e d •S.tates.. ' ^ 1 9 . N P n e . . ' . •' " ' '.-' ' ... • 20-." Ori credit, 8 to-9 •months. 21. W a g e s pretty uniform. . - . ,• . " -''^-^ ' - ". .: .... '. • .•..•'--.. . :., * ., ' . ' - - -. : . • • - ' . • . 22. I.nl839, 25 per Gent, higher than the present-rates. • 23^ Not answered.^ - . ' \ '^ ^ . :. • ' 24; Unknown. - ; • ^ : , . , . • . . ' •? • • 25.- bividend^ average 9f per cent., and in the last four.years have. -•carried to profit and loss accourit $33,-000. ' - : \ • . ' . -26; LabPrj .bne-half; raw material, one-fourth;'profits ofcapital,".onefourth. .... fi.'.•'. \- - . ' •• • • ' - '27. $45,000, in-cottori, flour,.arid starch made frorn potatoes... .-.• '28, 29, Uriknown. ••. " . ' - ': : •.''[•' . • .. ^. ^30;. The larger proportion of the capital being iri..-buildings ari-d machinetj,.would he lost. ' :. : • .;.' ..• ' • - •: '. 31. Know of none. ' . • "• . . . . - 32.. Not answered*. :•' • '- • • ' . • 33.'$3:50,000 paid in, of:which $50,:000. is actiye capital; rernainder . buildings,'machinery, &c. .. . ' :' . - . ' 34 to'40.'Not answered." . .. :. ,: .. Essex. Frdm William Nichols, Collector., 'firom- Globe steam mills, .New-.• . .hurypdrt. . - '- '- '- .1." Massachusetts, • Newburyport, Ess'ex couri'ty. . . .• 2.^ Cotton drilhngs. . Stearn power.• • fi' .' •3. In. 1845. Joint stock. ' ' : •"' . 4. Capital $2.00,000.' . 5 . Not yet in operation. ./ - ., ^ . .•••-... . 6 , 7 . Not answered. ••'. •"-. . . ;. //'"'" . •':'••• 8. 1 to 50 per cent. . ': 9,10'. Not answered. •..•) . "'. '. 'fi • .•• .;.•*/ 11. None-imported. . \ ". *• 12, 13. Not answered. ^' . •' • . . ; 14. Too various, to name. ' 15, 16. Not answered... ... . 17. Not much competitiori" in this particular aiticte^ •' • . . 1 8 . United States, South Arheriea, and China,.. 19. Not answered. " . . • . • 20. Usually 6-to 8 nionths' credit. • . • ". • -. 21. 22. Not answerpd. • • • \ :• • 23. The tariff would riot affect-this, article so much "as fine goods/' 24. Think nbt. . '. ' c 25. 26, 27, 28. Not ariswered. ^^ V o 29. The proporti^on of raw material for this manufacture .'being so 1845,] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. M—^Continued.. 229 . -. large, cpmpared to the labor, should riot require so rriuch duty as articles requiring more labor, • . ; > • .* : .' 30. The capital, consisting of buildings and machinery,, would become - useless... • • :-. •• _ .::.. •.••:• •' '•, • ; _' . - 31, 32. Cannot say. V• "' ^ . 33. Real capital $200,000; - ' •' ; .. > 34 tP 39. Unanswered. . : . / 40. Ayerage .rate of wages pfnia:les $1,50;. females 50 to 60 cents per d a y - ' Essex. -..' . . '.. \, • •-. •;. '.^.^ \./-."v' ' _ ;_•-', ; From WiUiam Nichols, CoUector, firom Essex steam mills. New.buryport, .: :' - ;, - " 1 . Massachusetts, county :of Essex, and town of NewburypQrt. • 2. No; 30 printing cloth, three-fourths.of a yard wide. Steam power. 3. Built in 1835. .Joint-stock concern. , . • . • •. 4. Original cost pf buildings, niachinery, &c., $80,000; failed, and sold for $21,500; afterwards, ad.ditional improvemeiits,-riiachinery, &c., riiade^ to theamount of $131,500. : , . 5; •$27,000.:'i --..•; • .;': • : ' -. . f i - - . .. ' -.' 6. . T h e " Newbur5nport Steain, Cptton Conipany ".rnade Pne dividend of 10 per cent., br $60,000.' The present company rnade one in 1844. 'of $12,400, and another in 1845 of $29,750, pr.4gt} per cent, upon a • capital of $70,000. A new mill of this capacity;would cost $100,00.0.The costto the forriier and present proprietors is $131,500, consequently a loss pf $31,500, which, if dedricted frorri- 'the dividend of $48,850, Meaves a net profit of $17;050. Earnirigs, from 1835 to 1845, is 1 70'-100 per cent, pel annum upon a capital, of $100,000. - If the capital is estirnated at $100,000, niaking no allowance for loss, the miU has ^earned $48,850 in 10 years, or 1 .86-100 per cent.-,per annum. The present proprietors, by a purchase at - a very.low rate,- have made .a: profit of $42,550 in theiast'2 years,":all of which has been ^experided iri imprpve'irients. <- . . . ' " . \ ' - ' • .'. ' • • • ' / • •,:^ • 7. Increaseof demarid for the goods manufactured. -: • .. 'S; Presume frprii 4J to 25 per cerit. per annuni.' . . • 9. The Newburjrport Stearn Cottpn Cornpany niade per %iinuni.aborit .-• 700,000 yatds of ]Np..30 pririting' clpth, wortji^ frorn 5 to 10 cents .per • •yard. The'Essexstbam riiilis have made l,i00,O00-yards per arinum, ..worth from 6, to 7 cents per yard; the-'present price is 6^;—all sold bn , a credit of 6 mbnths.. .. • . . ., ' • •10. The Essex mills have.used, in 2. years,. 489,156 lbs. cotton j costing $38,138;.'l,139 tons. anthracitecpal,,$5,766';- 2,239 gallons- of-oil,. $1,898;-1.9,568 lbs. starch,^$905; "be'side.s; in sundry articles., $5,OQO; all of wiiich is of domestic production. ' i -, 11. • None imported. . i - •. ' / .:, "-. ' ' • . 12. About 150,in all, viz-: 32 men,.103 females over 16'years of age,^ 15' children from 10 to 16 years pf age. 'Men, per da}^^ $1 28;',wbriien, • 61 cerits; children, 33 cents. ••. • " - . , ' ' . ' ' ' . .. : • . . . ' 230 . R E P O R T S OF T H E . 1845.] M-—Continued. '13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. -• 11J hours. Mill in operation about 50 weeks. About the sariie i*ate of wages in this neighborhood. Npt answered. •' : • . Soldin Boston. , No. . - . , • - / . Consumed in this couritry. . . 1 9 . ' N o . . . • .-:• •• • : ; - . ' ' • 20. Sold on 6 months'credit. . / -'~ '. 21. To the Essex steam mills the increase of cost of the second year over the first was 10 per cent.; labor increase, 25 per cent.; cotton decreased 17 per cent.; coal increased 10 per cent.; starch increased 25 per cent.; oil increased 20 per cent.; incidentals, 10 per cent. 22. The'Steam Cotton Compariy sold at from 10 to 5 cents per yard.; the Essex at from 6f to 6J, on six months' credit. . 23.. Cannot answer.. - . ^ ^.' 24. No. • ..- ..•':. ' 25. See answer to No. 6. .; / .. :. / 26. Our goods cost'us about.4^ cerits per - yard; they net, in cash, • 5 85-100 cerits. Of the cost, cotton is 35:per cent.; labor, 47>per cent.;, other expenses j 18 per cent. Of the price received, labor: is 47 per cent.; cptton 26 per cent.;,other expenses, 13 .per cent.; profit of capital, 27 per cent, .'fi . .' 27. See answer to questiori 10. -. . \. ,• • - 28.'Don't kriow... • : . . ' / / :.,..:' ^ : : 29. " I t would, without dpubt, cause us to abandon our busiriess." '. 30. The rernainder (if any) should bedivided among the stockholders," as'by the act of incorporation they are confined to. the manufacture of cottPn.' .• •.. '. 31. A multiplicity; if the duties were reduced to 12J per cent.; could not realize the cost of thegoods. : •. • 32.'.Don't know. .... ... 33. Capital is:$100,000; no part borrowed, . : . 34. As they have-not as yet realized a profit of 6 per cent, per arinum, think no reduction of the duty would enable them to db so. 35. CannPt tell, as it would depend upon the quantity imported.and . manufactured in this country.-. ' • 36. Are not aware of any frauds upon -the revenue being practised, as no goods of this kind are iniported; thinks an ad valorem duty would lead to fraud by false invoices, and strongly opposed to. the abolition of • minirnuriis. , . „ ' 37. The printirig cloths printed b y t h e printers of this couritry are allof domestic products, 38. 39, 40. Canriot answer. Essex.- From William Nichols, Collector,firom lames'^s.steam.milL : 1. Massachusetts, Essex countyo.' 2. Cottori steani mill. ^ 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 231 .M—Cbritiriued. 3. Commenced 1.8,42, erilarged in 1.844, and just completed.,, .: 4.: Capital, $250:,000.' ". . : \ 5. The ;whole capital stock is in buildings arid machinery.: - ' . •6; Semi-annual dividends of 3 and 4 per cent. " •.-. '^. -. 7. Iricrease or decrease of profit depends'.upon l h e deinand, "which will be goverried:.by quantity of similar goods iiiipprt^ 8. The profits.of other inyestrnerits, managed with the same .skill, will^ be aboutthe same. . Agriculture, in many, eases,pays larger, profits. • 9. 1,800,00.0 yards of No. 40 shirtings and sheetings; value, $220,000. .. : 10. 1,000 to 1,,200 bales of cotton per annum_;-value, ^40,000. In making this, there will be used 3,000 gallbns -sperm oil ;value, $2,700; 1,000 tons coal, $5,500; 600 bushels charcoal, 1,00. barrels superfine .flour,, 60 casks of potato starch, &e. •. : .: . 11. Aboutthe same cbst. . ' '*' . 1 2 . Of men, 7 5 ; wages, $ 1 37.per day. Women, 16.0; wages, 67 'cents. Children, IOQ; wages,. 30 cents. 13. Eleven to twelve hours per day through the j^ear. . :-: ^ . ,14. Higher wages than is paid for any otlier labor, or for any similar labor in .other countries. .. : : 15., None.- ' ^ '•• . r -.^ •.:.•.: 16. Into the-Atlantic.cities.. , , .\ ;. ' ••./ 17. Sufficient to reduce the.price, since 1836,.bf the article which w e manufacture froni 22.cerits to 14 cents per square yardi . , ' -. .18..,In our own couritry. / ., ^• ..- l" 19. Answefed above. ' : \ ' .20; Sold usually on a credit of 8 riionths. :, • . > . 21. Decreased,'fi'om. the greater facilities of manufacturirig afforded by protection and encouragement to our own labor,, and the imprbveriient' in machinery. Wages-as high as they have beeii fbr :the.last 15'years. 22. Has not been in operation lorrg. The price- now is 14 cerits'. per . square yard. Sirnilar goods .were sold iri 1836 at 22 cents. T h e reduction has been.gradual. •. ; 23. Thirty per cent, on a Aame ?;aZ2^atio?z.. v .: . . . : .". 24. Not prepared to say:what change, if.any. . ,. • • . ,' .25. All the profits divided.. See No. 6. • •26. The labor amounts to about one-half' of. the cost. , ; •. 27. Sufficient for the suppprt -of the operatives.' Potato starch and. flour in maiiufacturing. , . •. 28. Not able to state. Several mills" are niaking tiip same description of goods. , " •* . • •' • \ 29. The'busiriess w:ould prpbably be abandoned, pr the wages:of labor reduced,.to enable-the manufacturer to rneet the surplus product of the foreign article.. s ,.:.:-.' - V :, 30. Such property \yould be spld for 25 per cent, of its cost, and would'depend upon a reduction of wages of the operatives for its Continuance. .' -. . •• ' . 31. Nbt answered. , . - :' . 32. No." • 232: REPORTS OF THE .: / M^^Contiiiued. .'., 33.. Npt ariswered. . . . -• ' "- .-,'-. -.' ...,;. - - / .-. .34.. The.preseriPrate would not be rriore ihan srifficient to pay 6 per cent., arid keep the. property good-^^that is-, at pair value-^for a series of years.- ' •,' ' ; .'.,—•<•;.'.'• • ^^S. .^.'If'minimurris shpuld :be abolished," it would be; difficult to 'determine what rate of ad valorem duty, would be sufficient, ^' or equivt atent"'tb the.present duty. The change would open the dobr to' extensive •fraudsi;'^: ' :" '••':'.' . ' . ,-• - ., . . . .•..-.36. Greater frauds \vould pr^^^ •' , .. ".. 37 to 40.-Not answered.. .-Essex.^. From Williani Nichols, Collectbr,fironfiEnoch Huse, tohacco a'nd • •' cigar rnamfiac-turer, Newburyport.-. ^ - .1... Newbtuypbrl^ Essex courity,,Massachuse^^^^^ : .\ - .: .. 2. Tobacco, .snuff, and. cigar manufactory.'. Hand arid Water' power. 3. Inl816. . 4. CommPncedwith sm'all'capital—now $20,000... . 5 , AbPut $10,000. .. ' .... •:• -: •' 6.. Not ariswered satisfactorily.7. Increased to three times its former amount-sirice the tariff of 1842; has aban doned the making of tobaccp fpr chewirig to the southern rnan-. ufapturer, in consequerice ofthe access to; the imported article; has a:dvantage'oyer the southern manufacturer for cigars^-&c. 8. Cannot give an opinion, approaching to accuracy..' •-. 9.. Previous: to. the tariff of 1842, 2^000,000 ,cigars--yalue, $6,000,; " . also,-600,000^value,-$5 per thousand; snuff*, $2,000 ;^-^arinually. Since thelariff of 1842,!6,000,000 to'.7j^000,000 cigars7%)ribe ribt increased; the low-priced Ariierican tobacco now fills the place of the same articleof foreigri-; iricrease three-fold; value of same, $18,000 to $2.0,000. ' .•• 10.. About 150 hogsheads of Arnerican tobacco, ann ually—value $10,500; 200 bales foreign—value, $6,000; -20 barrels flo,ur, $100; foreign guriis, a small quan tit}^ " 11. Cost of Cuba and Havana cigars, $4 or $5 per thousand;-can. be rnadb here.at$,2 to $4. -. •12.. 45; females and 4 males;, to 1842, wages $1 per day for men, 4Q. cents for women;...since 1842, 90 ferriales and 10 men. • 13. Ab.out.lO hours per day. ' •^ 14. Not answered.- . • -. . ' .. - 15. None.' . : '16. Atthe factory, for both foreigri arid:domestic consum:ptiori. ' • .17. A t the present.rate of duty, the American cigar will take the place of the foreign, so long as the raw.material can be had at low.duties. • '. 18.- Almost inevery pa;rt bf the;United'States; many exported; - . 1 9 . Tp all couritries where the ,Guba.cigarfind.s a market. 20. Generally sold on a credit of .4 and 6 moriths.. , 21. Increase.of cost to maniifacturer.for. labor, 30 per cent.22. Prices about uniform. . ^ 1845.] . SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. ' , . ' 233 . M—Coritinued.'' 23. The present duty ample—-.any less will, prevent the use of American .tobacco:. -. ^ . •. • -24. No change neededv . " 25. As there is; bul one owner, no dividends are rriadei . 26. About one half of, the cost is for material—the other labor; 27. 28. Not answered. -,.. 29v?.''Abandori the busiriess. : ; ', • '. •' . 30. As an impprter of cigars, niade of Cuba and Calcutta tobacco. •31, 32. Not known., "^ ' ^ .,...: . 33. About 25 per cent. . • .j . • . 34. Will not admit of reductipri. . • ' . - / . 35. Sufficient tb rnake t h e d u t y as it is now. -,. 36. Not answered.. •• . , , "; / ; 37.. F.ormerlyy about .one-eighth^-^under preserit duties, four-fiffis.38, 39. Not answered. ; '• ;•': •: ... • ' .•.- • 40. Men, $ 1 per day;: females, 40 to 50 cerits. . Barnstahle. 'From.Pacific Mamfideturing Company,.Falniouth. ' : 1. Barnstable county, Massachusetts. 2. Woolen manufactory; water ppwer. • ^ .3. Established in 1830; jpint stock;. '-'.'' - :. -L $10,000. : .' . • , • ... ^ . :• ' . 5. .$14,000.,. '..'.-• • ...,:• ' :. : •- -• ' . 6. None bbrrpwed;.ayerage profit not over'3 per cent.'before 1842.7.-.Profits have increased to-6 per cent, since 1842.. • , . S-. Npt-answered.. . •• '. : .9*. .50,000 yards kersey flannel;-25 to 40 cents .per yard. • 10. 35,tf6o lbs., mostly dorriestic wool; value, "$10,500. . 1-1; .Not answered. • . . • . . • - ' • . '- .: .12. .9 m e n a t 75--cents per day, and 14 .wornen at 40 ceiits per. day. : 13.-.11 to-:12 hours; - ", ''• fi ' ' f i ' f i ' • • . 14. Not ariswered. :• : ^ '. - 15." 1 horse. \ •: . " • ^ 16. .40 to 80 miles. . , 17. They do, and .probably to three tirnes the hoine nianufacture. 18. Withiri about 100 niiles. . ": , .-• -^ 19. Not any. . ' .' ' : -' -. ' " " . . . • . 20. Usually on 6months' credit:. - • •.,• ,' .. • . . • : '. 21. Decreased nearly 40 per cerit.; i q r l O per cent, on labor,, and f or 3,0 per cent, on material. .' . .' ' . , • 22, Frorii 45 cents dpwn to 30 cents, at different times. ,. 23-. Certainly not less.than thepresent. •• . 24. Not answered. . , • 25. 6 per cent, retained, .or not yet paid out. " s2,6. Three-fourths for ra\^.mater iai. . • . . . • . 27, 28. "Not ariswered. •; . . . . 29. Corild not continue at reduced pricesl 234 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. • M—Continued. " ' 30. Uncertain.. :. 31 to 40. Not answered;' Barnstahle. ... " • ' ' ' . Moonarkis Manufiactiiring Company, Falmouth, • 1. Massachusetts, Barnstable county. • : .', .2. Woplen; water power.. ' • ' .V • '.'• 3..In 1831. Joirit stock. ' .. . • - -4. $8,000; , ' •' . . . . ' ' • ' .-••... • •-:,,."• • 5. $9,000. • . -" . . - :-:./- .V '6. All borrowed;'no p.rofit over interest. 7. Since tariff'of 1842 profits have increased. . • 8. Not answered". <, -. . . 9. 7,000 yards satinet, 3,000yards, 4,000 pounds yarn.10. 18,000.pourids of wool—cost $6,000—-domestic. 11. Not answered. " . ": • 12. 5 rnen at 65. per day, and 3 women at 3^. per;day.' 13; 11 hours. ... -. ; •: • , 14, 1.5. Not answered; , . . • • 16. 40 miles.' , , • '' . ' 17.°They'do.' ; • . • '. y fi fi- .• •' • 18. Within a circuit of 50 miles mostly. / . , • 19. No.' • . , •, .. >•_ 20. Cash, and 6months. • .- . •: 21..Decrease LJ per cent, in materials.: 22. Satinet frorii 7^.6^. to 50 cents; kersey 50 to 35; yarn 7i. 6i. to 45. 6^. -. -°- . ' -'. ••• •23, 24. Not answered. ' .:..;.. 25. 6 per cent.; no dividends; into fixed capitak ,. 26. 15-20ths raw-material; 4-20ths — [So in the originaL] 27. 28. Not answered.- ' ' : ' •- • • . . 29. Very probably should; ... . . . 30. Convert the streani into a herring fishery.. '. 31. Uncertain. 32 to 40. No answers. Barnstable. From Anthony Killry. 1. Massachusetts, Barnstable county., " :. 2. Cotton; water. . J : ' , »' . '. ^ 3. In 1825; joint stock. . • -. • 4. Capital $9,360. ' 5.. $500. • . - • • • - • • . . - • . 6, 7,.8. Nothing. • . ' • -"••.• :• .9. Sheeting, shirting, warp-yarn, and wadding, &c.; difficult tb give the amount rnanufactured. 10. 6,000 pounds dornestic cbtton; value, $500. 11. Not answered. • • . . 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 235 M—Cbntinued. 12. 1 man, $2 per d a y ; 6 wornen pr children at.$2 per weeko .13. Twelve hours per day, orfelhird of the year; 14. Not answered. .. -. 15...None.. • :•..- :. " ' • •" . •• - " .:'- ' 16. Partly at the factory and partly at Boston. 17. Not answered. • • . ,. ^ 18. In theregion of the factory and in Boston.. 19. Norie. " .. . '•• :20.' Generally sold for cash or on a short credit. • 21. Cost of materials and labor variable. /. ^ . 22. Sarrie as in other parts of the State. ., • 23,.24..Not answered.. .• 25. Nothing.; ' : . , / 26 tp 40.. Not answered. . .' Salem. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. B. F . Browne, Postiriaster^ encloses answersfiromJohn W. Treadwell. John, "W. TreadAveli selects such .questions as he thinks applicable, and begins with No. 14, viz: ' 14. "Says there are a large riumber of manufacturing establishments, private and incorporated, in proportion to the population, and cornpared v^ith the other States ofthe Union. The oapital invested in them is about $60,0p0,000, arid the annual product about $100,000,000. The principal article.s manufactured are cotton arid woolen cloths, oils, the product pfthe fisheries, leather, boots and shoes, iron, castings,, nails, brads and lacks, paper, books, and stationer)^, glass, candles, and soap, clothing, machinery,: salt, brass and copper utensils;-the profit o n t h e irivestment has averaged, probably, about,six per cent, per anrium. The present rate of duties he corisider s necessary tp sustain this rate of income. 15.. A portion of..our citizens have always-been engaged- in the busi' ness of ship-building and. navigation; to the extent in ship-building of about a milliori and a half of dollars per annurii, The condition of these interests is abput the same as the average of the .other iriterests of the State. The effect ofthe tariff laws is salutar}'' upori these as well as all the other .interests ofthe country, inasmuch asour own labor is empiloyed, instead of foreign labor, in theproduction of the manufaclurps consumedin the country. This einployment of labor, and the consuniption ofthe domestic raw niaterial,:is mpst beneficial to tlie agriculturalinterest; it ^enableslhe laborer to consume more ofits products, as well as the products of the manufacturing establishments; and this universal ability to. ' consume is the fouridalion of the prosperity which the country has enjoyed sincethe passage of the tariff act of 1842; and, on the other hand, the inability to consume which marked the three j^ears imrnediately precedirig that act (the last three yearsof the^ dis astrous cPrn promise-act) was the main cause, in his opinion, of the prostration of business, .arid 236 •:•:.: . R E P O R T S OF T H E , ' ... M-—Coritinued.. ; [1B45. ' ' • ' . ' - the consequent poverty and - distress of that period. A portion of- our riavigation finds prpfitable-employriierit in the purchase, in -foreign cpuntries, pfthe raw. materials used in our "manufactures, and the transportatiori and sale, of our manufactures abroad, which are becoming, every succeeding year mpre arid more in deinand, arid- compete siiccess. fully with sirnilar articles manufactured in Europe. 17,18. I consider that tlie-establishmerit of a wareliouse system, under proper regulations and safeguards,.would proniote the trade arid increase the commerce-, of thp State; arid .that clrawbaclis, runder its ope-ration,'' niight be safely abolished.: '. / . . ' : fi'[ • .• • 20.' There are a nuniber of articles of foreign manufacture which come into coriipetition with similar articles manufactured in the United States, the duties on which-are so high as to amount to a' prohibition of the foreign "articles; and the price of. the-dornestic article has •" been - sp. reduced by domestic competition, in bur .market, that the duties on the • fpreign article might now be safely abolished, were it riot that we should, thereby open a door to the foreign manufacturers, to -throw uppn our . market any surplus in theiroWri, which would^so reduce the price here a s t o effectually ..destroy our own manufactures: among Ihese articles may be nariied iron, cut nails, and alum. ... 21. The interests pfthe country have"" been herbtpfore rnost favbrably ^affected'by the rninimums of the jiresent-tariff; and the anle requiring the' duties to be paid- in cash is a gPod one, arid has been salutary iri- its effects upon the busiriess pfthe country. .'• •*-/ 27. The quan titj^ of'wool grown in the State is of about the annual value of half a riiillion of .dollars. Its price, .sirice the tariff .of 1S42, -has been-abo.ut thirty-five cents per pound, and'for'the ten yeai-s preceding, about forty-three-cents per pound. - ' T h e different state of .the currency in the two periods, it should be considered, had an impprtant bearing on .prices. * ' '. -." ; \ , '-;. • ' • • - ' . [ •- . ; • - ,' . • . . '^ : Bostori. Ndthcmiel.-Greene,'. Postrn.riste7''''y encloses answers firom, Mr.. Payne. '. Mr. Payne, after givirig the statistics of "a very large number of rrian--, ufactories of various, descriptions, their capitals, nuniber of persons eriiployed, and value .of rnanLifactures,- answers as follows-: ' . -_ . 1. Neithpr.pf the; .great staples narned is-produced in •'Massachusetts, but Indian corn, pptatoes, apples, &c.,. " '-:.-• ^ ." ; : 2. A very small prpportipn,of capital is thns ir-iyested—and refers to the.a:s'sessbrs'returns-for ari appropriate answer. . . ' .,' * " ' . .3. • It may be .Sa:id that yery little employment to^our shippingis derived '. frorn. agricultural produce of this State;, rie'aii}'' all the •'biilky exports,'of. other .than rnanufactures. or handicraft, beino: derived^ frorii ice and granite. :••":• •' ' " -•'.'' ^ •• • . . "- :.-•': ' •' — - • -4. Only a. general, answer can b e gi.veri,. and. that is to .the effect of reporting a.net profit'of six to-, ten-pbr cent, on other than ihose farms •which "supply the d.aily wants: of. la:rge towns.. On- sonie of the latter . establishmerits very .large profits have.beeriliiade from.,.the sale, of veger. tables, fruit,: &c.- •• .'v ... ;. ' " • -• .^'' . '' ' • •. 1845.] . SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 237 ..:-M—-Continued.-. 5. An equally gerierabans wer must.be given, and that is to this effect: ;agreater prbfit has-been derivedfrprn farniing in.this State, for the last five years, than for many years before; but'.rnuch of that prosperity in that interest has .iirisen fi-pm a spurid currency and the success of handici'aft in. the: srriall towns, nearly all-havirig- now some-kind of-.-estaMish:ment to make eithef clocks, tubs and pails, palm leaf hats, chairs, &c. . 6.. Cannot ans wer with the accuracy it demand's. ,7. Has been •..answered b}'" the reply to the 5th,- which refers the' pfosperity in-Massachusetts rather to a sound currency than 'to an:ultra ' :syste;m 01 protectiouj a§ that of 1842. - ;. ' 8, May be 'answered'so far as to say, decidedly,- that,we doiiot raise asufficient supply of cattle, .&c., and liave to rely" on New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, a:nd Ohio, for that supply. The ^average of prices is lower Ihan ;it'has been, but the "quality •'is so' various :that a. definite': ^answer ^canriot be given. \ . '. • - .v .. . ' ..:... . ' ' :9. They-ajre not-;, and the reasoris may be'fourid in replies tp. 1,2, : a n d 3 . ' • ' • • • ' : -.'. . . . .- 10....Theyhave not been; and the canse may be found in the cur- , rency, backed by.'alariff provision which,, in the case of a specie currency or its equivalent, acts to prohibit a certain class of irnports. The expenses of liying are greater than before; . '• . "/ • '. 11,-12. Would say that-we have .no .exports of .agricultural prpduce, of.any .note;.. Ice or:granite is not competed, with in any other"market. . *. 13. As--a general -remark, would -.say that custbrri-house yalues are "bad criterions from which-to deduce either profit or loss~ on exports and imports. .T-lie general prosperity of ^me.rchar'its and traders,, and, by coiisequence, the' whole eountrj'', must depend upori the: profit or loss. , upon the aggregate of-adventures., • If pfofitableT^the'returri entry must, of. course, represent an increased: value, as also the freights of ouf ships; both bfw^hich.gp to swell, an adyance balance-of trade, if custom-house aggregates are relied^ upon---^arid no otliers are -accessible. •-14; .IriTeference to the profits.of cotton factories' iri the' State, it may • be remarked,'that' since 1842^ which Avas..a period of great depression for that interest,: they have revived, and make •sp-lendid returns of- profits', • besides keeping their stock good b'y depreciation accounts andlargereserr vatioris. • FPrlhe y|.ars 1843, '44,-and-'45, tli^^^ average prpfits earned must .have been fully 25 percent. . ••• z'.: ' '•. .15;' This/State was fprmerly to a large, and :is' now to some extent engaged in'ship-buildirig:; .butthe freighting, business has for the last two years been so'bad m its returns-that builders are discouraged frprn those extensive operatioris, pnce carried, pn. -The cost bf ships is, of course, much -enhariced- by high duties on heriip and •iron; but the fprmer article has recently been derived frorii the westerri States,, of good quality, and - at low.rates. . •• , . .". .^ / 16. Conimerce .has a vast preponderance iri capital oyer agricultural, products, other thanfor dornestic use of the grower; and the tariff" laws have until receritly had an injuripus effect upon cominerce; but a turn 238 . REPORTS OF THE [1845. M—^Continued. has been effected, within a few years, by the natural tendency to increase in our population,• and requirements of an iridustrial supply in raw material, &c. ; , ^ ^ -1.7. May be ans AVer ed in the affirmative, if it can be properly regulated and fraudulerit exports preverited; and the abolition of drawbacks, as named in th© 18th question, would be injurious in its effects upon oUr .manufacturing industry. •^-: .19. ..Should answer by naming hemp and,iron usedin ships j and coal in stearii ers. • . .. -,. v. ,^ 20. Cannot-ariswer in'detail; but i t i s obvipus that many descriptions of cotton and woolen goods, hardware, and cutlery, are thus prohibited; while Pur local currency is sound and not inflated, so as to break down this prohibited-difference. 21. In answer, it may be said that the minimums of the tariff of 1842 have, while our local currency is equiyalent to specie, a prohibitive effect upon nearly all articles: thus. protected. The. cash-duty system works well in practice, but a -vyarehouse system, with due restrictions, would ;do away Avith some hardships to those of smah capital and facilities in .busiriess., • . ,. ". . ' 22. If the AV'ants of the Goverriment require a duty on tea arid coffee, then it should be levied; but not unless imperiously demarided, to raise sufficient revenue for the economical adniinistration thereof. ' ,. 23. -Cannot understand, so asto give a distinct .ansAver ;• but if it means cottPii and. Avopl as: a raAV material, and their manufacture as goods used by the people, the. answer w.ould be that those great staples haA^e fallen, and the^.articles' inanufactured therefrom generally advanced within a short time. 24. Railroad iron rnay be stated as an important articlelhat.the tariff of '42 has injuriously affected the general interest of, by. a prohibitive duty, when it carinot be .produced .in the country in any considerable quantity. A reduction to, $10 per ton,with the proviso that the rnail and other Governmenf : service shall be freely and cheaply performed, would be an adyantage tP all classes and the country, generally. / 25, 26. Are already, so .far as possible, ansAveredj; except that it may be • said to , be undeniable - that: \sorne modificatiori of the existing tariff would' be. agreeable to all but^the very large and flourishing corporations and their agents ; such discriminations being made as would prevent an overfloAv of foreigri riianufactures, and the breakirig doAvn of our domestic iridustry. Very little objection -NA^ouid ;other-Avise be rnade to the abolition, of riiinirnurn scales of duty by the mass of our State. '27. But little AA^OOI is noAy raised in other tbari Berkshire and'Hamp/ shire cbunties:, and its,price is so seriously depressed as to induce a disposal or slaughter pf very rriany [sheep.] this^ fall. . If no direct and unaA^oidable duty upon'low-cost Avool is imposed, its productiori must soon.cease in the eastern States, as. our woolen factories irnppft a large porlion of their supply sp as to have" it at seyen cents or urider, and pay but five per cent. duty.. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. • . .• 239 M—Coritinued. • Boston. -Isc^acO. Barnes, Esq., United-States Marshal, encloses answers firom^ : - Hon... Isaac Winslow. •. - • '-' 1. The great: staple of "the NCAV .England farms is hay. No cotton, rice, or tobacco groAvn. 2.. The fixed or inactive capital of. agriculture (land and buildirigs) •must be. very great; its active . capital in live stock and productions is considerable. I t is impossible to state what pprtion of l h e capital of Massachusetts or. NCAV England is absorbed in agriculture. . : 3. As furnishers, of ..produce for expprt, either at home or abroad, the .-three iriterests rnentioned are not,-to ariy importarit extent, connected with .agriculture; but a l l l h r e e more especially'and beneficially con.nected with agriculturists, as c.onsii/mers, both of foreign and home productions. : . . : ' : . .- .-. •/ • : 4,: Iriippssible to answer. The profit of a New Englam.d-farmer is principally.from, his labor, combiried with his sons (if he has sons,) as they groAvup to riiarihood.- A farm 10 miles frpm :Bost.on, of 80 acres,-. with'l).uildingSj &c., sold for $.2,000. The owner Avould have to .expend $500 in repairing buildirigs. This is cailedfixed.capital; his active capital, consisting pf 15.CPAVS,_ 2 yoke of oxen, 2 horses, wagons, &c;,. would be $1,000. Frbrii this he expects to cut 150 tons of hay; pne-half he keeps for.his .pAvn use, a n d t h e other he:;sells at.$15 per ton;. which, deducting extra labor in cutting, curing, and carting to. the buyers, ($3,) AVould leave $900.for the hay crop. :: But 1 tori per acre is a inedium crop; if . sp, onty-$450 would beleft; deducting interest :on $2,500 cpst,.-$300 is . left. "Then, in winter, he.can bring in:Avood, poultry, eggs^ butter, ifec, to market, arid fatten hogs, thereby making'an i-ncbrne:of $700 to $1,000 per annum.' Being .principally a grazing countrjr, cattle, hogs, sheep, . butter, arid cheese are.raised in great iabundaricein Ave stern-Massachusetts, Verrnont, NCAV Hampshire, and Maine—nearly all pf which Corrie to Boston-niarket. . The very low prices prevalent from- 1837 to 1842 iio doubt affected iheir profits very sensibly. ' Imputes, the low prices to the-inability of the riierchants-to buy for exportation, because from the principal markets (West Indies, Newfoundiand, &c.,) the returns Avere snbject-tos. prohibitive duty..: • 5. The operiing of the ports of Great Britain to, agricultural .products is a most beneficial -event for all 'agriculturists .in. the United States, bspecially the. West. As to the high prices supposed IP be caused by the tariff, this is of little, iraportance to farmers, as regards all.but clothing and utensils, tools, &c. . . ;' 6. It may be observed, generaUy.that agricriltural products are at low prices in a languishing state of trade. The price-of flour, for instance, has increased or decreased for thirty years back, in proportioii to the increase Pr decrease of. tlie net revenue; :in other Avords, as national prosperity increases or decreases, • ••' 7. Pric'es and profits of farrner^ are alAVays injuriously affected by the operation of laws: which preA^ent their produce being exchanged. The state of the currency has a most impprtant bearing on the prices of .240 R E P O R T S OF T H E M-^CJontin-ued. - ' agricultural produce, as well as >every' article .of trade.- .Ari inflated currency-causes prices to adA':anCe ; a contracted, one produces.a decline. -ThuSj in 1837, 1838, and 1839, years of excessively inflated, currericy, flour (Avhich from. 1819 to 1830 averaged about $5 25) rose to $9'.50-^ $7 75 and $7 25 average price; from 1840 tolhe present^time,-ata^avprage has riot been" $5, till very recentty. , . . . ' • . 8. This State, and • all .NCAV Erigland,-raise a superabun-darice .of -horses, cattle, .and eatables adapted to the climate, es.pecially potatoes. • - Prices for:thelast two orthree years cannotbe stated; generally,-however, it -may be affirmed that lhe prices of meats, bntter, cheese, pota-. -.toes, &c., Aver:e:as IOAV or lower than they werebefore the Revolution. Considers this as partly-OAving to .the le&tiietwe system, which prevents cm .excliange of :d.oriie.stic.fbr foreign articles by the prohibitive duty on so mariy articles of foreign produce. Asks respectfully to suggest to .the honorable Secretary the expediency -of obtainirig^ from Congress ppwer for the Executive to permitlheirripPrt-ation -of eatables, in-case ofi.riecessity, :or bad hsuY.ests, dutyfiree—-a.power the Executives of all countries "have. 9. Does riotihink that the profits.of the -four •occupations, inquired of depend at all on, or are closely connected (at least, only generally) -Avi-th the profits of agriculture; because the consurners. amongst the iinprofit-... able occupalions can buy but sparingly of either dornestic Pr foreign, articles. It is for the interest..of every class of society that all classes • should be profitably ernp:loyed, .and buy largely*' - 10. Very much reliance: has been placed, on the p a r t :of both tariff and anti-tariff" writers, on the :e.ffect of a protective system and prpliibitory duties •to influence the prices of-articles; the prie conteridirig the systeni ..-in question really reduced the prices—the other, that it had the effect toincrease thern.- ' In the face of a. high .tariff, prices- of. the high duty articles certainly sornetimes .have falleri, and risen in price :in face of ;a tariff nierely for revenue; but other circumstances than the tariff produced the fall orrise of prices. Were it possible to "adjust the supply,. ^ • ' t o the demarid exactly,'no.do.rrbt,. the.duty ;being:an" irnportant element"" •in price, lhe latter Avould be regulated by :the former; but supply and • demand arejiever equally balaric'ed, :nQr can be-r—and^ herice a rise or foil .of price is not riecessarily regulated by, the rise br-fall-of duties. ^.^ 11.-The State exports .no agricultural product abroad,;but exports - 1 some fish and fish oil; but these articles are now rnpstly consumed at home. It .expprts al^G .to Brazil, the'.Pacific, arid. China, .and Calcutta, perhaps aboutthe valiie of IAVP millions of doll.afs in manufactures. Its •exports are.principally to our own ports, especially to NeAv-Orleans, of soap, candles., Avliale oil, -AA^ooden. ware, pots, kettles, nails, brooms, 'Cabinet ware, shoes—;in short, a little of ever5lhing. Does not .think the tariff or protective systein .has had any effect on the export trade.12. The prices of all articles of produce •pr.mci^allj consumed at Jiome, as meats, fi-esh fish, butter, cheese, potatoes, grain and flour, hay, fruits,, shoes, hats, furniture: of all kinds,:Avith.a vast number of other articles, are regulated almost entirely by the home market, or the proportion of suppiiy to deniand. .ThPse partly ..consumed at'home and partly 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 241 M—Continued. r exported are generally regulated by the foreign price; such as pickled fisli, pot and pearl asiieSj naval" stores, (trirpentine)—the leading exports, such as'Cotton, tobacco, rice, and lately butter, cheese, lard, and similar articles;almost eiitirely by the Lorrdon prices. The bulk.and value of the vast riumber of niinor manufactures, household furriiture and apparatus, mechanics' and farmers' tools, shoes, hats, &c., shipped, (some to the West Indies, Brazil, and.the Pacific—-but few, comparatively, to foreign places,) are not benefited or injured by the tariff, either at home or abroad. . , . . ; 13. It is my firm opiniori that exports arid imports are intimately connected ; not, hoAveyer, in all cases, as in the trade to China it could not be carried on without her takirig our produce instead of specie; but .tlle^ latter can only be obtained from Pther buyers of our surplus productions. 14. To the first part of tliis query, has not sufficient tirne for investigation to mal^e a pr.pper reply. ' To the latter part, says : In proportion as lhe varipus products of all climates, .and the rnariipulations bf all people, can be naturalized in th'e Uriited States, in such proportion will imports become unnecessary, and therefore cease. - Agriculture, except perhaps cotton,, rice, and tobacco,, and with it trade and riavigation, Avould decline, and, of course, the revenue amount to little or nothing. 15. Ship-building is one of the oldest, and perhaps the most important occupatipn in New England. From the cutting of the-wood in theforest to the launching, all is deriyed frpm ..rnariual labor. Yet this doinestic manufiacture is most shamefully taxed by heavy duties on its hemp, duck, iron, and sheet cables, to benefit, or rather introduce Kentucky hemp into the United.States. A ship of 1,000 tons pays a duty on iron of $750;. copper bolts, of $700; canvas, $300; anchors, $200; chain cables and bhains, $1',000; cPrdage, $950—in all $3,900; of course, in proportion for srnaller vessels. And yet the ship-oAvners, set on probably by the tariff people, complain of the fort}^ pr fifty reciprocity vessels that frequerit our ports.—^principally NCAV York and Baltirnore. The' effect of the tariff laws has, not been so injurious to ship-building .as might have been expected, owirig to lhe vast iricrease of cotton from lhe South, augmented and bulky cargoes from New Orleans to the North, and steani navigation ori our lakes and rivers. ^ But the high tax on it$ inaterials is most unjust.. 16. Cannot answer the first member of this query. 'The commerce of the State.has not declined, as he. and other anti-tariff people antici-. pated; this only proves that the internal commerce of the country is^ vastly more irnportant than its external. The preserit duties prevent wholly, or in a great measure,theirnportatron of spirits, of Russia goods generally, of coarse cottoris, woolens, .flannels, baizes, wool over 8 cerits, prints and calicoes,, glass and glass ware, carpeting, floor cloth, liriseed oil, &c.. . \ : 17. A warehouse system would essentially benefit the wholesale merchant whp imports for exportation. In fact the principle of the warehouse system exists by a sectibn of the act of 1799, never repealed, by which vessels in distress may unload, deposite their cargoes under VOL. v.—16. ^ 242 - REPORTS OF THE [1845, M—Continued. lock and.key of the collector, reload, and prpceed on their voyage. A warehouse system, would not.benefit, indeed, the importers for corisumption; but what Avould accommodate thern, would be to direct the collectors to suffer'the entry and receive theduties on any part..of fii p.acka.ge shipment, not less than one paokage. ..In this-way they Avould only haveto pay moderate sums of cash, receive the articles immediately Avanted, and. Avail till the.press of business.is partly .over. , This is :often so great . here and inNew York, that clerks are, brAvere, feed tp get the •importersentries passed. (Such directions-might be given at once.) 18. The abolition pf draAvbacks is a necessary consequence of a warehouse system, saving to both merchant, and Governrnent pfficers a v a s t deal of unnecessary trouble and expense; speaks of. the systern introduced from Great-Britain by .Alexar-ider Haniilton; giA^es the form of ..a. biU, to be passed by-Congress, which he thinks would establish the warehouse system,, and,by which the, coniplicated machinery of entries, ascertainment pf duties,.debenture^, -&c,,-&c., would be done aAvay Avithi and.the coriimerGe. of the State and country, gerierally greatl.y benefited. . 19, Answered iri the preceding. 20. Allthe high-dutied articles of foreigri' grpwth or .manufacture similar to pur own, especially white lead and carpets, floor cloths, &c. ' 21. The establishment of minimums has already been touched upon as to its first introduction;,being then supposed to be on cottori.gopds 25.per cent., (at that, tiriie thought a very high ad valorem, duty.) I t h a s . degenerated into a complete.deception; ashamedlo call fpr a:-prohibition: in a free country,, or so calling itself, (or, w h a t i s the .same thing, open, prohibitory duties,) minimums have become a concave mirror, reducing the giant to a dAvarf; Avhereby a 30 per cent, duty . becorn.es, in a feAv extreme cases, 180 and' 190; iri nunierous ones 100 per.cent.;' in a feAv. comparatively, (arid in none.Ayheri.inirii.munis.exist.j). 25.or 3Q., or 50.per cent., as the law-giversintended;. cpusiders minimums- a disgrace.tp o.rii; reveriue system. 22. A duty pf 5 per cent, ad yalorem might safely be imposed'on all the articles free of duty now, except .to the 5 th paragraph' of. the • 9 th section of the act of 1842. . The articles in the - 6th paragraph might well pay 5 per'.cent, except tea and coffee; .some raAvmaterials in this paragraph might indeed- come free; but Avhen the, .ship and, wood manufacturers are so .enorrnously taxed for th.eir raAV- rnaterials, the consumers of dye-woods-might pay somethirig; but dye-AVOods have always been free of dut5S and had better continue so. 23. This is of a yery comprehensive .character. If it means, for instance, to ascertain whether anthracite coal comes' dearer to lhe pri-^ vate .corisumer than to the i.ricprporated cornpany, should say, -certainly, not. The consumption of aU the. manufacturers, together is as.nothing to the great mass of cons ame rs—-perhaps, of coal, a 20tli or SOth ofthe quantity used by the mass. So in regard lo. the consumption .of foreign .articles .by stockholders and operatives, (the latter of whpm are on wages)—they consume as muchv and no more.than other indiyiduals of the game revenue../ . .' " . : 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 243 , .M-r-Continued. 24. The effect of duties .on articles generally consumed, and manu-. factured here only to a limited exterit, is to enrich at first, the manufacturers; then: cornpetitiPn arises, and profits decrease or.become.nothing. In the mean time agriculture arid commerce decline, because the manufactured article takes the place of the foreign, for AA'^^hich there is no demand;: ' . ^. ." : " •• .' ; 25. To answer this requires statistical inforrnation I:canriot obtain. 26. I believe agriculture to be the, chief sufferer in all countries from restrictiye duties. . . ,27. I arn entirely.unacquainted with the wool trade, and "only know this fact, that the greater part ofthe wool used is. imported from Buenos Ayres,...Smyrna, Gibraltar, &c... ^ ,.«. • 28. No niine.s are Avorked/in this, State. . NOTE.—The uridersigned, .fearing lie rhay haA^e overlopked some fact in the above synopsis of Mr. WinsloAy's ans.Avers, as he has entered very largely irito a discussion of most of the interrogatories, would mPst respectfully-refer the honorable Secretary t o l h e letter^of Mr. Winslow itself, enclbsed in one from .Isaac" O.. Barnes, Esq., Uriited States Marshab Boston. ; ' E.G. Newhuryport, Essex Cottnty. William Nichols, Collector, sends answers firom ' .' .. ' Edmi Bartlet.. ; ' L Corn, potatpes, onions, ha^y, beef, pork, horses, sheep, swine, neat cattle; no cotton, rice, or tobacco. . * . 2; ^Three-fifths of 350^000,000 of dollars in value. 3. Three-fifths of all.that is produced. 4. The agricultural interest gives but. a small percentage over the support of the laborers. 5. Four per cent. . . . . . . ; 6. Fluctuating; present prices 30 per cent, higher than in 1842,' 7. In 1842. pribes Avere depressed by the currency; since 1842 prices higher. ' . . , . . _ . : ' ' 8. The State -does npt raise sufficient; from the West; a revival of business-, and more confidence. .. . , ,. . 9. They iricrease or diminish slightly by commerce; by manufactures and mechanical operations, they increase. ' 10. The prices are loAver; competition and improvement have caused i t . i • . • , • ' . • ' . • • " ' • ' . 11. Largely of its products of industry; aggregate greatty enlarged. ^ 12. Competition and industry are the hfe of all. 13. Keep up the tariff, and we will soon- supply articles for expprt, which we now iniport. ' ' 14. Have aU kinds' of manufactures ofthe raw niaterial, and many articles made frorn rnaterials imported, to the arnorint of mPre than $100,000,000; invested capital, $120,000,000; profits 8 to 12 per cent., clear. They are riecessary, with shght riiodifications on some articles. 244 . R E P O R T S ..OF T H E .[1845.. • M^--^Continued. The profits ori the inanufacture of certain articles fluctuate as the times are. • • • • • ' ^ • _ ' [ 15. Largely, in shipbuilding. Heretofore, the duties on some articles AVere heavy; UOAV little affected, by reason of supplies, of irori, hernpj Copper, &c., being our own products, and also conipetition. ^ 16. Two-fifths in commerce. The tariff has benefited cornmerce 10 j)er cent, of A-alue of iriipPrts. . / 17. It would be berieficial in many respects, 18. It operates unfavorabty. 19. There are soriie such ar'ticles. . i 20. I think of none. ^ 21. The interests of the State are promoted by the tariff. T h e cash system is good foi^ large capitalists; but lhe Avarehouse systerii Avould •benefit all irnporters, if optional. > 22. Coffee, tea, and some others; 20 per cent, specific duties. 23. This informatiori-cari best be obtairied from rnanufacturers or their agerits. • ,' 24. Encourages new enterprises.; brings out talent and capitali 25. None; riot pecuhar to'MassachrisettSi . ' . ' 26. Yes; greatly prosper^ed by the tariffof 1842. 27. Large quantities—^25 to 30 cents per pound; previously 18 to 20 cerits. •. - . 28. Some coal, some iron, little copper, sorne other minerals,. large quantity of granite, marble, some slate, ochres, ifec. Since thelariff of 1842, the -prices ofsaid articles have gradually loAA^ered, and are now 10 to 15 per cent, less than before 1842. Neipburypoi't. William Nichols, CoUector, encloses answers firom \name not given.'] 1. Hay, potatoes, butter, cheese, stock, &c. - ,• • 2. Should suppose about one-fifth. . 3. The success-of agriculture in the State mainly deperids upon the prbsperity of the cpmmercial, manufacturing, and •mechanical interests, as its chief busiriess is to supply the tow.ns and cities in which these:are carried on-\vith the products of'the farm. . , 4. The profits on capital ernployed in agriculture were, probably, gre'ater from 1830 to 1837 than at.any time before. Since 1887, the increase of the products of the West has gerierally operated to reduce the price of agricultural products. ' 5. The profit of capital ernployed in agriculture in Massachusetts, and managed under the eye of the OAvner, with a proper regard to system and economy, has prbbably been .pretty uniformly about six per cent, on a fair valuation, the valuation changirig Avith the general prosperity or depression of business. ^ ' 6. The first part of Ihis questipri riiay be answered accurately by refererice to the books of some of the, large prPvision-dealers in Bostori; and the secorid by the judgmerit :of some farriier of large capital, who, Goriducts his business with a systerriatic regard to prPfit. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 245 M-^Contirined. 7. Not ariswered. .8, This State does not raise a sufficierit supply for its consumption; the deficiency is. draAvnfrom^ Maine, NCAV- Hampshire, Vermont, and the western States. The average annuaL amount, prices, &c., rnay be ascertained of the large provisiori dealers in^ostpm 9. See answer to No. 3. . ^ . ' 10. As a general rule, the prices of all articles of domestic manufacr ture are lower than those of irnppf ted articles;. arid the prices are usually low.in proportion to the lerigth of time during Avhich the manufacture hasbeen carried on in this couritry, subject o.nly to temporary variations, by the increase or diminution of conipetition, and the general prosperity of this and foreigii couritries. • 11. A: corisiderable quantity o f t h e manufactrires of this State, of various kirids, are exported to differerit parts of the world, where they are. allowed admission. The statistical tables within reach of the Department will aiiSAver the latter clause of this questioiiT 12. The statistical tables in the possession of the Department will give an answer to the /first three divisions of this question. Foreign competitors to most descriptioris. of mercharidise (Avooden clocks are, perhaps, the only ^exception) expprted, are met .almost everywhere. The • English and Germans are tlie principal competitors who meet our manufactures in foreign countries; arid in soriie, oAAiiig both to long, experience in the manufacture, to, the establishment.of agerits concerned in their manufacture and ac^quainted Avith the tastes and habits preyailing iri. the foreign market, aided by their cheaper labor, they.undersell us. Arn not aware that the present tariff lessens the ability, to export. If it does this to any extent, it must be in consequerice of increasing the horne market and keepirig up the price of labor. There is no limit to the increased production of nianufactured goods, unless the parties engaged in it are in possession o f t h e rrionopoly of some patented machinery, so long as they pay a profit equivalerit to the customary rate of interest. Many articles, mariufactured in Massachusetts are prohibited as contraband, or" excluded to a great extent in large fPreign markets by high duties. ' , •, • ' • 13. There is, undoubtedly, an iritirnate connection betAveen the amount of foreign exports and imports of a cbuntiy. -The iniports cannot, for any long series'of years,, exceed the aniount of expprts more than the gains on traffic^ and the profits bn freight, which sometimes may reach 25 per cent. • The tariff may be considered, among an industrious' people, as diminishing the foreign traffic of a country just in proportion as it increases their internal trade.' This will hold where the tariff is placed upon articles susceptible of being produced to advantage Avitliin the country itself. 14. The ansAver to the first five divisions of this question maj^" be found in the statistical returns of Massachusetts industry. The present tariffls probably (more needful to the success of newly-established manufactories, than of those which have been iri operation for a course of years. An estabhshment which is just putting up its buildings, placing 246 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. its machineiy in operation, arrd procuring its agents' and. operatives, necessarify.does..this at more or less disadvantage. Other things beirig equal, the.longest experience in the nianufacture of an article gives the fabricator a manifest advantage. The profits of manufactures are less equable than those of agriculture, aiid even those of commerce. -They are affected by the legislation of foreign countries, by the general prosperity of theAvorld and of our own country in particular, bythe legislation bf our own Governrnent, and by many pther contingencies; , . 15. ^ The tabular statemPnts anriually published by the Department Avill show the arnount ofthe ship-building, and theextent of the navigation of Massachusetts. The general condition of those branches bf busi- . ness has not been better for many years than during the last three. The .cotton and tabacco carrying trade alone has :been depressed, and their profits reduced tP; an exceedingly IOAV figure, by a g-reat influx of shipping belonging to England and. the. Hanse Towns. The .shipping employed by thfe : Hanse . Towris,OAving to the' cheapness 'with Avhichthey are sailed aridcbnstnicted, a u d i o the niirrierous branches of German commercial houses from Hamburg and Brerrien established in the United States, possess an. advantage in'some respect over our own . shipping. The English, also-, from' their vast colonial trade and their navigation laAvs, added to the / a c t that their irnmense timber fleet is shut out-from almost all its timber trade during the busy season, when' the great staples of the Uriited States are pressing on the market, thus , enabling thern to make .two timber freights a year, and then, iristead of hauling up during the winter, coming over to the U.nited States, and makirig one or lAvp freights j renders it not only a. formidable riyal, but . giA^.esit a manifest advaritage over the, shipping of the United States, whichis excluded from this great colbnial trade. • ' • 16. The, capital invested in. commerce^ includirig all branches of the fisheries, is probably gi'eater thari that iriyested, rn agriculture. The foreign commerce^ of the..State rriay have been someAvhat unfavorably affected bythe tariff';.but its coastAvise trade and fisheries have undoubtedly-been benefited by this tariffto a still gfeater. exterit^ . .'. .17. The establishment of a warehouse system Avould undoubtedly .benefit the importing interest, and particularly the large cities, .especially if no charge should be'made for stprage. At this time, on ..some articles upon Avhich the duty is high the preserit tariff operates very unfavorably f for instance, on a cargo of pepper, theimporter is obliged to raise about $50,000 in cash on what cost him only half this sum, befare he cari touch or sell a single pound of it.' : . " 18, 19.- There is little or no foreign merchandise exported from this district. ' - • . . . •• - " . ' 20. It is difficult to decide what foreign articles are shut out from competition Avith domestic .nianufactures. by high duties-. . The fairest Ava}^' seeriis to be to ascertain the .present prices of article.s of tlie same quality in the United States and foreigri countries. The prices at home ma.y be readily ascertained, and those in foreign countries, accompanied by samples, ma.y be obtained through the consular agenfs ofthe United 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 247 Mr—'Contiriued. S.tates. I t i s believed that,, with the exception- of woolen goods, the firiest quahties of white cotton goods and of prints. Iron,, hemp, canvas, and perhaps- coal and. shpes, all articles Avhich enter extensively into the consumption of the people, and are produced in the Uriited States, are quite as chea:p,:and in" many cases cheaper thari in any other part of the Avorld.. : ; :, .-<'.. • 21. Not answered. 22. There are sPme articles now on the.free list, upon which a moderate duty riiight be levied, withput, perhaips, affecting the price at .all, except at the outset^-by s.peculatipri. They are such articles as are most cheaply and aburidantly produced in foreigri couritries, and for.which:the:United States afford an importarit and valuable market. Experience has shoAvn to a. certain extent, in such cases, that the duties come out pf the pockets of the producer, and not of the consumer.' He fiiids it better .to diminish his price and reduce his profits sornewhat, rather than tp check the consumption, which is always the tendency^of high prices. : • . - . < 23. The duty on articles used in manufacturirig is probably rather lower than the average pf other articles, owing to the high dutips on sugar, hernp,* iron, and dry goods, which enter so largely.into the general consumption: but, with the exception of the cheapest kind of foreign AVOOI and dye-stuffs, very few foreign articles- are used by' our manufacturers. "Ori these, it is beheved the duty is quite as high in the United States as in England. 24.: High duties upori articles extensiyely consumed, and manufactured only-to a lirniLted exterit iri the United States, are unquestionably, for the period during Avhicli such a state of things: exists; irijurious to the commerce;. but if they should lead t P a l a r g e increase of tiie manufacture, sufficient^ AAdthin, a reasonable time, to :supply the wants of the cpuntry, at a-price nPt much above the cost of the same articles if brought from foreign couritries free of duty, they woukl in the long run be berieficial. -The infancy bf manufactures needs as much care and attention in order to cause them tP thrive, as does the irifaricy pf human existence.:. • ' . ^ 25. The articles on Avliich the prices are the most enhanced by t h e \ duty are probably sugar, pepper, iron, canvas, Avoolen and worsted goods, spirits, and high-priced pri.rits. • 26.. Inasmuch as l h e present duties .tend .to increase and cheapen the rnanufactrires of l h e conntryby competitiori, and advance the general .prosperity of the community,: they enlarge the demarid and the home iriarket for agricultural products. : .27,'28.. Not satisfactorily answered. ' Vue de r E a u , Seekonk. From Hon. Johnson. Gardner. ' 1 . A reply to this may be fourid at length in the cpm'pendium of the 6th census, pages. 107,, 108. • , • -2. .Of this I will only say, that in this State there Avere, accordiriglo 248 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845, M-^Con tinued. the last census, 87,837 persons employed in agriculture, 8,063 in commerce, arid in manufactures and trades of aU kinds only 85,176; yet the manufacturers would like to have it inferred that they possess all the wealth and influence of the State. 3. It would conduce to the permanent welfare of the other great interests ofthe country,were agriculture, Avhich is after all the great interest of the country, to be equally regarded in our tariff with the other interests, instead of being taxed for their benefit. • 4. In his judgment the annual average of profit on capital employed in agricultural pursuits in. this State lor the last three years has not been, after deducting the incidental expenses, preparation for market, transportation, to place of sale, and sales theriiselves, niore than two per cent., ifi indeed it. has been more than one. , '' 6. Should think", from sales made from his own farm, that the average for the ten years previous, estimatedln the samp way, would, be about, five or six per cent. 6. The price of products has been about one-halfior two-thirds as much since the passage of the^unjust act of 1842, as it was the three years previous. /.: , . . ; 7. The prices and profits have not, in his judgmerit, been as much affected by the state of the currency, or by any expansion of the same, as by the operation of this same tariff. • 8. Many cattle and other prpvisions are transported hither from other States, . • 9. While the agricultural interest is depressed, the manufacturing may flourish and prosper, if the te^er, can receive a bounty frpm the Government at the expense of the fiormer.. -. 10. Says a protective-t3.nff benefits a few wealthy capitalists at the expense ofthe great mass of the people'; and therefore is unwise, unjust, and intolerable, &c. I L Under high, tariffs there has been a diminution of the exports of agricultural produce, and a correspondirrg fall of prices in the market. No greater absurdity ever existed than the idea-'advanced by the manufacturers, that by protecting them with a high tariff Ave are afforded an adequate horne market for our produce. . : 12. Not .answered. 13. Is ofthe opinion that a protective tariff like the one of 1842 has a tendency to diminish the export trade. _. • ', ' ' 14. There are iri the State manufactures of all kinds. Their profits for the last three years have rrot been less than 25 to 30 per cent. Contrast this with the profits of agriculture and cornmerce, crippled and, depressed as they have been by ihis aggra.vated injustice! Beheves that the manufacturing.: interest needs np rnore protection than the agricultural.. 15. Some of the citizens of this State are engaged in ship-building, and that interest and the interest'of navigation are injuriously affected by the tariff. 20 to 23. Articles principally used by the agriculturists, such as iron 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. ( 249 M-—Continued. implerrients, rrianirfactures of iron, leather, salt, &c., are subject to a cZ^/^y almostprohibitory, while articles used by rnanufacturers, such as machinery, Ay e-w oods, S^e., are admitted duty firee! . 24 to 28. Has not time to answer. [Encloses some resolutions of his introduced into the- Senate of the State, in 1843, in relation to the interests of agriculturists.]; Barnstahle. From Josiah Hinkley, (Collecior: V , Ajcknowledges the receipt bf the circular, but cannot answer either question satisfactorily. , . . ,V'. . \ ;^ • _ ''^ V ,.,' ' . •- "• ' • [[ fi[' [ ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 1. Lowell, From Thomas G, Cary, Treasurer ofi the Hamilton Manufiacturing Company, 1. The manufactory is situated at Lowell, iri the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts. 2. It is' a cotton factory, rnoved by water power. 3. It was established in 1826, and is a joint-stock concerri. 4. The capital invested in ground and buildings, water power, and machinery, is $700,000. ' 5. The average amount in materials, and iri cash for their purchase, and for-paymerit of wages, is $500,0Q0. 6. The annual rate of profit on the capital sinCe the- establishment of t h e manufactory has" been,, orl an average, 9 J per cent., allowing for fire insurance, and loss of interest' during the building, or 10j per cent, without any such allowarice; the profit having been .as high as. 23 per cent, in one year, and there having beeri in other years no profit at all. No part of the capital is borrowed. -7, The causes of the increase and decrease, when they have occurred,havebeen similar to those which have produced fluctuations in-other branches of business;, but the decrease has 'been particularly owirig to over-importations of foreigri goods; and competitiori at horne. .^8. The rates of profit on capital otherAvise employed in this State vary from 2 or 3 per cent, to 20 per cerit. or more. 9. The amount of articles annually manufactured is as follows, (the value fluctuating like that of other goods): J n one mill of coarse yarn. No, 14, bedticks, shirting stripes, and deriims, valued at 9 to 12 cents per yard, | Avide.. . . . $240,0,00 In one mill of finer yarn. No.. 20, jeans, cotton flannels, and pantaloon stuffs, of different yalue, from 8 to 15 cents per y a r d , , | wide - . . . ............... .... i . / . , . . . . . 200,000 In a third mill, also of finer yarn, (from No. 22 to No. 36,) sheetings and •printing cloths, valued at S t o 12 cents per square yard. / . . . . . : . . . . 170,000 250 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. I n a set bf print-Avorks'belonging: to the same company are printed annually 750,000 yards of piinting clpth, rnade iri : the third mill mentioned above, and about 2,000,000 more: which are purchased. . The-whole are valued, Avlieri printed, : at a b o u t . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . - . . . . ; . . . . . . - . . . ' . , . : . . . . . . . . , . : . - 300,000 . Total amourit annually manufactured.. - - - - - . . . . - . . $910,000 ^10. The quantityand value of different raw materials used are— Domestic—Cotton, 5,000 b a l e s . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . $140,000 • St3i(^ . ^ . . . : . : . . \ . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . J . . : .S,SO^^ Leather.....'-.-....: ..:..-..-.... Oil.:. . 1 . . . . , .. Coal..,.-...-.......:..... Lumber. ...-. -.,.-.-:..:... DyestuflEs..-.......:.:.... . • . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 6,000 15,000 18,000 24,000 ;• • ;• • ••': '$207,000 Foreign—Madder. ....... '-.'......... ... Indigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . : . : . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . Other d y e s t u f f s . . . . , . . . : ...:.......,,...... • ; • - • '.:• .•• •• ••-•" ;-',.• •.'. • . . : . ' • . ;•• $18,000 30,000 ;28,000 ..$76,000 11. The cost in the United States of similar articles' ^^ of manufacture imported firorn: abroad" canriot be giyen, because similar, goods are scarcely ever imported. Some of them, probably Avould not be iri any stateof duty, as they appear to be made cheaper here than in-any other part of the wprld; the Pthers are made nearly as cheap here as anywhere. . ..• -• ••. • • -. : •: 12. The .number of persons employed is. as folio AVS: V M e n . : . - 1 . . - — . . . . .245;' average' Avage's . . : : $ 1 03.per day. Women. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 9 ; do......:... .53 do. , : Children, (boys,).. .L 34; do........... 44 -do.>The wages are ahvays paid, Avhether the. manufacture yields any prPfit or not. In 1^42, Avheii there were hardly any diAaderids, and when this company made:riorie at all, there was a reduction of wages; .but it was small iri propoftiori, and the reduced ,Avages. Avere sufficient to enable those who are prudent to lay by a part of their earnings. The laboring classes employed in mariufactures,-, therefore, suffer but little frorri the depressiPn of prices until the AVorks are stopped, as they have been when the importations AV ere excessive. '- . 13. They are emplpyed about 12 hours a day, and have work through theyear.. ' *.; • " • . '. /. • • • - ' ' '•' • .. 14. The rate of wages of similar classes otherwise employed in this and other States, is j as. far as I am informed, for men about the sariie, and for wonien.and children cpnsi der ably less.. In England, it appears, by pariiarnentary returns^ that they are less by about 40 per cent. . 15. The nuniber of horses employed is 2 ; no otlier animals are used. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 251 M-—Coritinued. 16. The manufactures do not find a market at the fa-ctpry.. They are sent lb Bostori and other Atlaritic cities; and sPrne of them are pf epared, by order, for shipment to South America and elseAvhere. 17. Foreign articles of like kinds do not enter into competition Avith them a t l h e places of sale in the Uriited States; although foreign articles of finer qriality and higher cost are constaritly imported and sold in consider ai)le quantities, everi to the people Avho are eniployed in the factories/ The consumptipn of foreigri goods m :LoweU, for instance, is iriiportant. If the'manufacturing establishrrients at such places were .to be broken" up, the prirchasers there would cease tp have the means of purchasing fpreign goods; arid, the dismission of such people froni profitable employments Avouid affect foreign trade. The repeal of the tariff, therefore, is more likely to diminish tlian;tP.in.cre'aseimportatipn; a n d i f the •prosperity of the;South deperids" upon that, the South-is likely to suffer with the rest of the co"untry:by the repeal, for the. returns. shoAV t h a t i m portatipns haye increased under the tariff of 1842.'.. 18. The manufactures. are consumed in various' parts of the United States, in; South America, in the islaiids of the indiau Pcean,- and to a small extent in China. .^ - • ' . 19.. Soine of the cloths are^exported as above in considerable ..quantities to South Arnerica, and in srnall quantities to the West Indies and the British coloriies. 20.- They are usually sold on a credit of six or eight months; they are not bartered. : . •• . 21. The cost of the manufacture'd article, to the manufacturer has decrea:sed, both in materials and labor. The decrease has not been at ai regular; annual' rate, but subject to partial fluctuations. The fluctua-^ tions of the principal rnateriak(cptton), are well knoAvn. The decrease, .in the cost of labor has not been produced by the reduction, of Avages, but by improvements in machineiy-and skill-, which enlarge theproduction of cloth Avithbut adding t o l h e number of hands ernployed. The whole decrease since the estabhshment of the manufactoiy has been aboutone-third of the cost. ' / 22. The prices at which the manufactufes have been sold.since the establishmerit have been various, fluctuating to ;tlie extent of riearly 100 per cent, from 75' per cent, aboye the present rates to 25 per cent. beloAV; ' 23. " To enable the manufacturer to enter into competition in the home ma,rket Avith :similar articles imported," such rate of duty is necessary as Avfll secure him a.gainst the excessive impprtations that sornetimes occurAvhen there is.an over-prpduction abroad; such importatipns being of • no perin anent advantage to the consunier, beca.use the depression Avhich they cause is followed by a short supply, and great advance in prices. It-is Avell kriown that our cotton cloths are. furnished so loAA^that oniy a small portiori pf the present duty on most kinds is added, in the price paid by the consumer, tO; what would be the cost of similar, foreign articles. 'But paying, as the mariufacturer does, wages sufficient to make 252 REPORTS OF THE [1845. M—Continued.. , those iri his employment indeperiderit, he Avishes that he and they may be relieved from the uncertainties caused by the competition of foreigri pauperism, whose labor is occasionally procured at any rate that will preverit starvation. ' ' . The duty necessary, fbr this varies with the fineness of the cloth. • For the goods made in the mill first nientioned from No. 14 yarn, and frprn the coarser numbers, little: duty, if any, is required, except to prevent our beirig flooded with spurious imitations made from Bengal cottpn, the Avarit of intrinsic -value in which niight iiot be -fully known uritili. much mischief had been done to our establishments. W e sell such goods in foreign rnarkets as low as they can be sold by any nation.. Foreigners then could not send them,here advantageously under any circuriistances; and as to those goods, therefore, Avhich are chiefly used by the laboring classes, the tariff is wholly inoperative; they are as cheap: as if there Were no duty at all. , Fpr cloth a grade or two better, a rriodr erate duty would be sufficient;" and for the finer fabrics, the duty as it now stands is necessary to effect the purppse intended. ; ' 24. I am not aAvare that ariy change is riecessary in cpllecting the duty, undef the preserit tariff to preyent fraud, except a, more careful examination of the goods. If the duty should: be assessed upori the-value, I • think there w^ould be great frauds, Avhich could not be prcA^ented. 25. The rate of our annual profits for the last three years, to June,. 1845,"Avhen the accounts were last made up, has been 12 percent, on an average. The dividends during that time have been 8^ per .cent, annually. The differerrce, amounting in all to 11 per cent., has .been appropriated to the renovation of the mills and machinery, Avhich b.eing old, required new outlay to fit them for competition AAath .ncAver estab-lishments.: 26. The proportion of price of the raAvmaterial to that of the labor in the cost of the cloth varies Avith lhe price of cotton, Avhicfrhas fluctuated from 6J to 20 cents per lb. since the establishrnent of the factory. It varies also Avith the fineness of the cloth. At preserit, in our coarse cloth, theprice ofthe raw material is about double the price ofthe labor of making it. In the finest cloth that we make,' the price ofthe labor is about one-fifth more than that of the raw material. The profits pf the capital are not reckoned in the cost:of the cloth. Sornetimes there are no profits. 27. The agricultural productions of the cpuntry consuriied in our establishment amountto $140,000;: other- domestic productions so consumed aniount to $67,800. , ' • • . ; . «> • 28., The nianufactures of the Hamilton Cornpany are so various that to ansAver this question with precision AVould I'cquire a comparison with most branches of the cotton manufacture of the United.States. 29; If the duty were reduced to 12 J per cent., it AV ould probably cause us, in a great rrieasure, tP abaridon the business. The manufacture ofthe coarser cloths might,,as has been stated, be contiriued Avithout interruption, except from one cause—that is, the prpbable. change of 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. ' 253 M-—Continued.. machinery from the finer descriptions,, to increase, the quantity of the coarser, so that the manufacture of the latter would be greatly overdone. ' . 30. The capital beirig furnished by the stockholders, I carinPt say Avhat they would severally do in such a case. More than half of it being in fixed property, whicli could not be converted to ncAv uses, rnust be riearly a total loss. • . 31. No doubt there are pursuits'in which they could employ Avhat they would haye left, so as to derive gi-eater profits than from the manufacture of the finer cloths, for there Avould probably be little or no profits on them after such reduction. 32. I am not particularly acquainted Avith the manufacturesof sa:lt and iron. ^ 3-3. The amount of our capital is $1,200,000; no part of ^which is borrowed. 34. It would be irnpossible to tell " w h a t amount of reduction in the duties would enable the real capital einployed to yield an iriterest of 6 per cent." .. To regulate the profit in thai way Avould probaHy require a: monthly change of tariff—a shdirig scale; for it must be obvipus "that such a limit as would prevent the profit from ever, rising above 6 per, cent, would probably, have the effect to destroy the profit altogether; since it Avould leave our. niarket exposed to-any influx of goods Avhich might/suit the temporaiy convenience of the foreigner, and subjbct the manufacturer here to uncertainties thalAvould be ruinous. • When business is sP nicely balanced, a srnall addition to the importation is sufficient to turn the scale. Instead of cPmpetitiori among purchasers to get the goods, there comes conipetition among the sellers to get rid of them, at l h e sacrifice of all profit and part of the cost.- Then begin failures among the merchants:, discharges of hands fr-pm the factories, and bad tinies to most people; for, though a yard of cloth that usually costs a'shilling may be .bought for sixpenpe, it is more difficult, at sucii tirnes, to. get the sixpence to pay for it than it had beeri to earn the shilhng before. This was eminently so in the depression of 1841 and 1842, just preceding the operatiori of the present tariff; .goods could scarcely be sbld, even at half price. 35. It ap.pears from a statenient, made by the Treasury'Departnient,* that if (as is suggested in the 35th inquiry) ''minirriums should be abolished,.and the duty assessed upon the actual value of the irnported article in the American port," the rate of ad valorem duty, equivalent to the present with the .riiinimum, as actually collected, would be 38 per cent. It appears, too, that this is chiefly collected upon articles of the highest cost, and therefore approachingmearest to what are called luxu. ries. -, The rate per cent, charged upon the cheaper cloths would appear *Senate Doc. No. 109, 2d Session'28th Congress: Duty frpm goods costing above the minimum 30 per cent. .$1,121,000 Duty from .printed and colored goods, at 9 cents per square-yard, 43 per c e n t . . . . . 2,574,000 Duty irom'plain good^, at 6 cents per square yard, 454 P^^' ^ ^ n t , . . . . . . , . . : . . . , , . . . 544,000 254 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Cpntinued. higher than the.average; but, as, has been .shown, this becomes almost nominal as the cloth. declines in quality, because the coarser fabrics could, not be imported with advantage under any arrangement of the duty. • • :• • .i • . , / 36.- The operation of the change upon the fraudsat present supposed to-be practised, would probably^be greatly to increase them. ,, : 37. In coarse cotton good.s, the production by the American •rnanufacturer supplies - the Avhole. consurription of the country/ . In firier goods, the propPrtiori of the production to the cpnsrimptipn yaries, dirriinishing as the goods iricrease in .fiiieness. , ' . . .'- ' 38. I think the individual and household, manufactures of the United , States have dirninished since the tariff „pf 1842. • 39,40. I arn not particularly iri formed as to the average prPfits of rrioriey or capital, or of wages, iri the United States. So far .as I have observed, they are occasipnally,liigher in the southern and Avestern States, than in the northern.: ' ' Lowell. • ' ' • ' - . • . < ^ ' ' ' ' • - ' - " From Thomas G, Gary., Treasurer Appleton Company, . • ' . \ 1. I t i s situated at"LoAvell,.Massachuse:tts.': ' . . ^ 2. It is moved by Avater poAver. • 3.-It was established in 182.9, arid is a joint-stbck concern/. 4. The arnount invested in grourid/arid buildirigs, water power, and niachinery,'is $375,000. \ i . 5. The average amount in rnaterials. and cash is $225,000. 6. The annual rate of profit since the establishment of the factory, allpwing for fire insurance a:nd losspf interest during the building, has been 8f per •cerit,or9|- per cerit. without any such allowance, • No part of the capital is .bprrowed.. 7. The cause of increaLsepr decrease, when they "haye occurred, has been of the sarrie nature as the cause of fluctuations in other branches . of business, arid also honie: competition.' • 9. The amouiit of articles anriually manufactured has been about 1,700,000 pounds of heavy .shbetings and. shirtings^ pf abput:3 square yards to the pound. T h e cloth is all rnade from onp- kind of yarn, IN^o. 14, and is nearly, similar in quality, jthough•varying in Avidth. • ' 10.. Tiie raw materials used are as follows:: 1,500 bales-of c o t t o n . . " . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . .$120,000 . Starch. . ' . : . . . l v . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . \ . . .^., . . , . . . . . . . / . i . : . .\2,500 Leather.--....../.... ...;.• . . . . . . . . / , . / . / . . - . . . . . . . . . . . 500 L u m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . J, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...../... 2,00,0 Oil. ..-. / 3,000 Coal _....;........./.....1,500 Total ../.... $129,500 . 11. No similar articles are imported from any foreign, country. 12. Tlie riumber of men employed is 89—average wages $1 ,05 per 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 255 M—Continued. day. The number of wornen employed is 326—average wages: 51 J . cents per day. Children rione. : ' ' 23,24. No.duty is necessary, unlpss to prevent.spurious imitations; nor would it be for that if Bengal cottPn were ,adniitted..free. There are no fraud's, I presunie, therefore, in, respect to goods like the -fabrics of this company, for no such foreign cloth is made, cheaper. -25. ^ The rate of profit for the last three years has been IOJ per cent. The dividerids during that time have beeri'. 7f per cent.' The rernainder of the income,.amouriting to 8J per-cent., br 2 5-6 per cent...annuaily, has beeri appropriated to the improve rnerit of the rriills and niachinery, w^hich are:now old. and .require UCAV outlay to 'enable.them to starid in . competitiori with ncAver establishmerits. ' 26. Theprice of the raw material.i.s usually about, Glouble thecost of the labor in the price of the cloth; but it varies with the market for cottori. , - - . ' ' 27. The amount of agricultural productions of the country consumedin the establishment is $120,000; .other:, domestic, produc tioris amPuntlo $9,500. • . / / ' • . .. . "V .'/ . 28. The quantity or a.mount of nianufactures, such as we, make, • pro^ duced.in the United States, must be. nearly one-fourth pf the whple cottori:manufacture. -. 29. If-the duty were reduced to 12 J per cent, prithekind of goods made in the Appleton factory, I do not think it Avould-. induce ris to abandori the business unless the duty were reduced on,finer goods, so that machinerywould.be turned from.the manufacture of fine to that of coarse goods. . ' " . . . .' ' 33. 'The arnpuiit of capital is $600,000, arid none of itis.borrOAved. 34. The duty beirig wholly inoperative on cloths frpm • No. 14 yarn, the reduction would probably have no effect. 35. If minimums, which are inoperative as to the goods of this company, were abolished, the rate of duty ad valprem. Aypurd be equivalent to-about 75 per cent. But, as has been stated, it is/merely nominal and is never levied, because such goods are not imported, and could not" be at any rate of duty, unless it might be a spurious imitation from Bengal cotton. . . . 36. The cliange, therefore, would have .no effect upon frauds.. • 37. The production of the American manufacture cpvers the whole consumption of .the country. . . • . For answers to questions Nos. 8, 13 to .22 iriclusive, 30,. 31, 32, -38, 39, and 40, reference is had to the answers annexed hereto in respect to the Hamilton Manufacturing Company. - . ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR NO. 2. , Groton. From Noah Shattuck. 1. Hay, wheat, rye, corn,.pats, barley, apples, peaches,.pears, plums, 256 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. cherries, grapes, potatoes, and other usual garden vegetables; fruit trees, of various kinds, and butter and cheese. 2. A large proportipn of its oapital is engaged in their production. 3.. To a very considerable extent. ' 4. Not more than 3 per cent.., as a general rule. 5. About .4 per cent., as a general rule. 6. Cannot ariswer. ' . ' 7. Cannot answer. 8. No; it draAvs its supplies from the various quarters of the United Stales and from abroad. Carinot answer last tAvo branches. 9. -The commercial, mechanical, and riavigation, I think do, but not so. with the manufacturing interest.' : ;. 10. I should think not; I attribute it tothe tariff; canriot ansAver.. 11. We export cotton cloths to a great extent. .• . ' 12. Cannot ansy^er., . 13. Cannot ansAA'er.. ' 14. We have, of A^arious description's; and a great ariiount of capital irivested in them. Goods of various descriptions, but I cannot ansAver . as to profit, or investment. With the present duties the manufacturing interest is preferable to the agricultural or mechanical interest.. .' 15.' Yes; but to Avhat extent I carinot ansAver. 16. Cannot ans AVer. • 17, 18. I canriot say. 19,^20. I leave these questions tP be ansAAT-ered by the mercantile part of the conimunity. . 21, 22. I cannot answer. 23, 24. I an SAV er, that the present duties bperate more favbrably to the manufacturing interest than to the other industrial classes of our comniunity. ,, ' ,-/ 25 to 28. I shall not risk an- opinion. I confine i m y anSAA^ers, in particular, to Middlesex county,.Avhere I am engaged in agricultural pursuits. ' . .. • •. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No/1. Boston. From C. W. Cartwright, Treasurer ofi the Uxbridge Cotton Mills. 1. Massachusetts., Worcester county. 2. Half throttle and half mule spinriing, five spindles. 3. Present corporation, in 1840. ' \ 4. Eighty thousand dollars. 5. Forty-five thousand dollars. 6. Seven per cerit. since 1840; prior thereto a great loss. W e have no borrowed capitaL * :• / 7. Supply and demand. 8. I don't knoAA^. 9. About Orie riiillion yards of-cloth; value•$100,000; all shirtings. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY.. M-^Coritiriued. 257 .^ 10. 600 bales of cotton; 12,000 lbs. of starch; 1 ;&bO galloris of oil; 400 cords of wood. ^ .11. I do not knPw. 12/ About 50.meri, and 120 girls; men's wages .fl 50 per day, arid girls' 40 cents per day, clear of board, and lodging, ; 13. About tAvelve hours the year round. 14. I dori't kribA\)^. - 15. Orie.hprse^ , . • ': • 16. Our goods are sold iri the various seaports in the"-.United States; sonie for" corisuniptiori, arid sorrie for Mexico. ^. ^ 17. I am not a-^areIhat any foreigri goods corrip'into oPriipetitiori with ours iri tlie United States; but in Mexico this may be so; ' " . \ -' 18. They a:te distributed withiri and" without the United.States for consuriiption. / , .' ' / ' • 19. AnsAvered; in NP. 16; 20. Gerierally sold .Oii 6 arid 8 rii-briths' crjedlt; never bartered. 2 i . It has constaritly'varied .as cPttpri .has/vaiied; arid tiiis variatioiii . sirice 1840, has been CPrifinedlilmost exclusively tP the cottori, the labor .being nearly-statipnary;; the goods sbld Iri. 1840 at ,12 cerits per yaord now sell at 9 cents'. : . ' ' 22. AnsAvered above, feo.far ais' regards the preserit company;' but about 1828 the goods now seliirig at 9 brought 16' cerits per yard* . 23. I do not know. . 24. I shouldihink noti , . :; ;^ ^ 25. Ariswered iri No; 6, so far as prpfits arp bbncerried; all of Av^nich, excepting one dividend of six per cent., has been added to the ca||ital, raising'said capitak from $100,000 to $125,000, arid shares h a t e been issued to the stockhplders' for such addition, i / : , ' '' ' - 2&. About orie-half for labpr, 35 per cent, fpf stock, arid 15 per beni for prpfit for the past year, owing to thelow price of cottPn arid fee^dy sale of gpods; but frequeritly ou'r gPods. haVp reriiairied on hand,- arid the loss of interest and expenses on them'has left no profit/ 27. Our hands nbt being furnished by us with board, 1 dp nbt krib-vv; but,, beirig well fed and clothed from their wages!,' I preduriie they consume as much as any other equal number of harids. 28. I carinot form an opiniori based on facts within rny own knowledge; buf suppose we make ofthe nrirnber.pf yarri woven into shirtings about one-twentieth of what is made iri the United States. 29. The reductiori of duties on. goods to 12J per cent., other than cotton fabrics, Avouldmot reduce the cost of our goods; but a reduction bn cotton goods tP 12i per: cent. AvPuld be very likely tP create'such a competition in the home market from European manufacturers as would be destructive of our busiriess/ / ; ^ - 30. If our busiriess was destroyed, so far as Pur capital is iri build• ings, machinery, and Water pbAver:, it AvPuId be lo'st, and we should ri'ot of course have it to employ in any other: busiriess;" Pur quick or;#orki-rig capitalwe could convert into mPriey atmore Pr less sa,crificeV arid div^ VOL. v.—17. 258 R E P O R T S OF T H E M—Continued. [1845, . it,among our stockholders, Avho would use it no doubt with proper dis- . cretion. 31. in case of reduction,.I have no doubt that circumstances Avould arise by Avhich those who had rnoney might speculate on thpse in distress to great advantage. .- , . . 32. So far as I am informed, there is rip poirit in the United States where iron is m a d e in any quantity; but Avhat is within, the reach of foreign competition the most remote frPm the seaboard, so far as regards the home market, Avould be the least operated on; but so far as thesame furnaces depend pn the seaboard for a market, it would be ruinous to them at present to allow foreigners to cpmpete in the home market; but as the skill and necessary econorny are 'acquired at bur furnaces, our iron ore arid coal being so much mPre abundant than in .any foreigri country, and generally above' the level of tide-water, (which is not tlie . case in England,) all that rs required to reduce theprice of iron here iri a few years is the security ofthe home market: this secured, capitalists would be induced to enter into the business with a m p l e m e a n s t o iritroduce the most approyed machinery and skill in this fabric;.. and I have no doubt that i n a few years all bur railroad iron wpuld be niade in the, United States, and that hammered and rolled iron Avouid be ranked among our articles of domestic export. Salt .made west of the AUeghany mpuntains, and in western NCAV York, I think is placed beypnd foreign competition. : 33. I do not know. 34. This involves tpo many contingencies to be susceptible of an an-, swer.'. • . . . , , • " • . 35. I do not knoWi. ., 36. Its operation would be to have different rates of duty existing in the.different ports of the United States; the trade would of course centre where the officers were the mostpliable: then, in guarding against foreign frauds, Ave should encounter unequal duties atour various custpmhouses at home. 37. I don't know. , 38. 39,, 40. I dori't.knpw. • RHODE ISLAND. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No/ 2. Newport County* From E , \ Wilbur, Collector, 1. Hay, cbrn, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, onions,-and garden vegetables; together witli beef, pork, and poultry. No cotton, rice, or tobacco. 2. About tAvo-thirds ofits capital employed in their production; 3. All these interests have been, so nearly blended that it is. difficult to decide which is the dependent interest. : : • 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 259 M—Gontinued. 4. Four to six per cent, • 5. Six to eight per cent, ; • From 1832 to 1842. From 1842 to 1845. . $12 per ton. Hay, $15 per ton. . . 7 0 cents per bushek Corn, 92 cerits per bushek 87 do. •' Rye, $1 •' do. 37-. do. Oats, 42 cents do. Barley, 67 cents do. 67 V ' do, Potatoes, 33 cts. do. 30 do. Onions, 37 cts. dp. 25 .do. Beef, 6 cents per pound. 4 cents per pound. .Pork, 10 do. 6 '. do. Poultry, 10 do. 10 do. . Garden vegetables about the same during both periods. AA-erage income per hand, during the first: period,, about $125; during the last $150.' 7. Perhaps somcAvhat by both; much mpre by the currency than the tariff; perhaps as 4 to 1. : , . . 8. The country does not raise a sufficient supply. It draAvs its supplies mostly from .New Yprk, Virginia, Louisiana, Massa.chusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, MainCj Connecticut, Maryland, and Cuba. The average amourit has been estimated as follows, together with the prices: . Articles,' Flour;.:.. Beef: ,....,.,., Pork Bacon Fish . , . ; . . ..^.. Butter :... Clieese... ^ Lard.., ,> . . . . . . . New Orleans molasses. Corn Rye....... ,,... Buckwheat,; .., Beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cuba molasses Horses.., :,.. Neat cattle, Sugar. Amount, 11,500 barrels 700 " 800 '» ' 300 " 1,000 " 100,000- " 60,00,0 '* 150,000 10,000 gallons 50,000 bushels 4,000 " 1,500 barrels 500 25,000 gallons 200 head . 2,000 Price, 1832 to 1842. 10, 12, . 15, 12 cts. 8 cts.. Sets.,' 30 cts., 60 cts., 75 cts.,, $5, 6, 25 .cts., $75, • 30, $69,000 7,000 9,600 4,500 3,500 12,000 4,800 12,000 3,000 30,000 , 3,000 7,500 3,000 6,250 15,000 ,60,000 Price, 1842 to 1845. 7, 10, 12, 3, 10 cts., 6 cts.; 6 cts., 28:cts.: 50 cts. 60 cts.: 5, 20 cts. $60,^ 20, $57,500 4,900 8,000 3,600 3,000 10,000 . 3,600 9,000 2,800 25,000 2,400 6,000 ^ 2,500 5,000 12,000 40,000 The difference in prices may be traced to various causes: the extensive railroad operations which were forced onward in .the teri years preceding 1842, beyond the ability of the. countr:y to sustain; the state of the currency; to facilities afforded to speculators b y t h e Bank of the United States and other banks; tp the diversion of labor from agricultural to manufacturins: pursuits and internal improvements. 9. No. - " ^' - . . . • • • . . - ' ' ' . 260 . ^ REPORTS O F THE [1845. M—Gontinued. 10. The average prices of protected articles have npt beeri so low during the last three years as in the ten preceding. This is owing, in part, to the operation of the differ'ent tariff laAvs, but perhaps more to the ^ imprpved conditipn:of the currency, and the consequent stability pf trade. The amount of protected articles is mot so- large but that the general expense of living has been less in the last three years than in the prepeding ten. 11. A large-amourit of cotton and woolen goods exported; but the manufacturers, refuse to answer the questions propounded to' them, so that I cannot ansAver exphcitly as to the difference in valrie; probably about teu: per cent, higher during the last three years than in the preceding ten. The county also exports oil and- other articles to a large amount, which have not beeri materially affected. Cotton and woolen /goods nearly, or quite $1,000,000; oils and other articles, $190,000. 12. "The direct .expPrtation from this' courity to foreign markets is so sriiali that this questiori canriot be fully ansAVered. The direct foreign exports,, to any considerable ampunt, are garden vegetables, cheese, pork, potatoes, onipns, sperm andlalloAV carid;les, cordage, fish, and poultry; norie of Avhich are materially .affected, if at all, by the tariff. 13i No ansAver. 14. "We have in this county 4 Av:bolen and 8 cotton manufactories; the woolen rrianufactrires are riibstly coarse goods, coriirnorily Called ^^negro cloth,'' satinet, the coarse kinds of broadbloth, and a small quantity of firier and medium broadcloths. The cotton manufacturers - use about No. 40 sheetings, and,Nos."28 to 30 printing cloth; sheeting, 1,230,000 y a r d s ; printing clpth",-i2,200,000 yards. The bthers make cotton yarn about Nos. 8 to 10; these are small mills;; capital about $640,000/ T h e manufacturers refuse to answer questions aa to their ; profits; a. fair estimate is, probably, 20 to 30^ per cent. A profit at least equal to agriculr tural profits (under a-discriminating tariff, bf 25'^ per cerit. advalorem on manufactured articles, rejecting; the-lninimum) might be made by the manufacturers in this county; perhaps/more.' - •: . . . . . 15> .Tbis= cprinty has. but little interest .:in. ship-building, at preserit,: compared Avithforrner years. , T t e laAvs' have had sonie effect upon/this bimich of business', by engaging pur' citizens in manufactures-:. Another reasori is found in the fact, that the supply of ship timber in tiiis-: State is nearly exhausted/. : : ."\'.^..'.fi.',. 16v About 1 to 10; theaitentipri of our citizens haying been diverted frorn commerce to manufactures has caused the •dechne ofthe former... Cannot tell how far the tariff laws have operated to produce this effect. 17. Not materially. ,, 18; The sarrie ariswer. ^ 19. Cannot specify Avith certainty, 20. Cotton fobricsgerierahy, and low-priced wPolens. 21. 'The mariufacturing interest orify directly affected; all the others iricideritaliy; and the effect upbn all beneficial, as- it destroys foreign competition. 22. Cannot give a definite ansAver. A duty on tea and coffee and 1845.] ; SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 261 M-r-Continued. ' fruit would fall Avitli about equal Aveight on the poor as pri: the Avealthy ;• and the tax would therefore, be unequal in comparison Avith their ability t o - p a y . . ' • • • . . •• ^ : •". : ' ' : 23. The duty pn wool affebts the agriculture of the State materially; upon all .other articles the present duties seem to operate equally. 24;. The duties on silk and on some articles pf woolen inanufactures operate injuriously upon this class; not necessarily perhaps, but froni a desire to dress as'fashionably as their more Wealthy neighbors. 25. Answered in the foregbirig as far as.my rneans .of-knpAying.will justify. ; ^ 26. The benefit to the agriculturist is only incidental,, and the effect of modification will also beonly :inciden:tal? except in the case of silk and . some articles of .wpolen manufacture referred to in No: 24. 1 know of n o w a y to reniedy'the evil but "by a reduction of duty/. The country" has, prospered under the present duties, but it is believed that under a .system of duties for revenue, y^ith a judicious discriniination in favpr of the manufacturirig interests, it would be equally prosperous.. • 27. Abbut 80,000 lbs. in this county. . Sirice 1842, the average price has beeri abriut 37 cents;: in the ten years preceding, about 30 cpnts. 28. We have only one coal mine, which produced last year about 2,800 tons of anthracite coal; .the price at the mine' has ^uniformly been $3 per tPn; it is now abandoned; never havirig been profitable. . The above return from Edwin^Wilbur, eoliector,,district of NcAvport Rhode Island, is connected Avith a obmmunication: address.ed to ' the Secretary of the Treasury, acknowledging the receipt of the circrilar, stating, thatlhe had " frirnlslied the several agerits- of manufacturing companies with copies bf the questions.;" that tlie "agerits refuse to an swer;'' that ^ Vthe facts set forth. in the return refer to the county of NcAvport alone, .and are l o be regarded as mere estimates fi &c., &c/ B. Anthony, United States rnarshal,,, Providence Rhode Island, fur . nishes a list of iridividuals and companies tP whom he had. sent copies of the questioris. Newport, From Joseph Joslen. -V 1. Similar products to those in the rest of NCAV Eriglarid. 8.. .The greater pprtion of. the capital; but investments iri other pursuits involve that also to a considerable extent. • ^ ,: 3. The general'cPmiection is, intimate, but not so vital in a given space but these may flourish, at least for a time, while agriculture is languishing. ^ , 4. Farmers, in general, are 'understood to say, "'^ Not more than 3. per cent, since 1842;,"-^ •. • • • ' . ' . /.- . • • ' 5. And '^4 or 5 per. cent, for the ten preceding yiears." But add that, sirice 1842,.they.have had to compete- with a gfeater quantity in^ this market irom other States, as well as gerieral Ibw prices." • 2G2- ., R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Contiriued. 6. The variation is inferred to be in about the same proportion. 7. As far as those laws have increased or diminished the rate of liAlng and cost of cultivation, or left operi to a, greater or less coriipetition ffom abroad the produce of the soik The fluctuation of the currency considered as incidental only. • 8. Not a sufficient supply of the animals mentioned. Not of provisions of all the kinds consumed. Supplies of grain and flour from the South and .West; meats frorri bordering States. Prices lower in the latter period; attributable to the fact that agriculture has not been fostered so much as other interests. ' 9. Theseinterests, in this State, always tend to an equality of profits with one another, and Avith agriculture. Pursuits are changed as profits invite. That interest w.hich, for the tirne being, is mPre profitable than any other, will for that reason constantly tend, if undisturbed, to become the least so in its turn. Legislation may cause one to flourish at the expense of another, for a season; may check the tendency to equality ;^ if despotic enough, arrest it. Still, under ,a fair operation of law, the degree in which agriculture flourishes is the best test of general prosperity. If there are exceptions, they, are not to be looked for Avhere the agricultural is the chief iriterest. 10. The protected articles have been, on an average, higher in the latter than in the former period. Attributable to special protection, operating as a tax upon, and a general tax. 11. This State exports few agricultural products, and these to a very limited extent. The ^export of rnanufactures, coastwise at least, is considerable. Their value has been enhanced during thelatter period. 12. Not a large proportion in foreign couritries. Prices are governed by the general demand, home and foreign. Similar articles from other countries do come in conipetition with those from this. High duties must stand in the Avay of successful conipetition abroad, so far as they are a protection, by raising the home value; at least :so far' as the home profits fail to rnake up to the exporter that differerice. . . 13.^ The general conriection is such, that at a fair value, if excessive importations coritinue a sufficient length of tirne, the indebtrnent of the couritry importing Avill become oppressiA^e. And if the exportations are in the same nianner, continued, the balance in its favor may result in loss. Supposing the difference removed, in course, by the transport of specie, the otherwise creditor countiy, is exempt from loss AAdiile it exports. But the debtor country suffers a drain of specie mea.iiAvhile, arid must fail to receive as its ability to exchange fails. The present duties tend to- lessen, therefore, the value of agricultural exports, so far as the ability to purchase is thereby lessened in the couritry receiving thern. . . « 1 4 , Numerous..' Of cotton, wool, machinery, &c. Comprising from one tp three-teriths of the Avhole capital, and increasing. Cottori and , woolen rnills together between one and tAvo hundred, and about bnethird as many of various other estabhshments. ^ Not less than 276,000 cotton spiridies, rna:king 925,760 yards per week. Profits are admit 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 263 M—iContinued. ted to have ranged, for the last three years, from .8 to 15 per cent. 'The preserit duties on coarse goods are not necessary for therii to operate Avith profit Thcspresent profits induce so rriany to embark in the business that it will soon be overdone. If the duties should be changed in the mean time, agairist their inclinations, as a matter of course the manufacturers will attribute the failure of their business to that circumstance.' But 20 to 25 per Cent, is, undoubtedly, as the most intelligent now admit, enough to make the manufaoture of coarse goods equally profitable with the growing ofthe best products in this State in either of those periods. :^ 15. Comparatively much at former periods; ship-building has evidently declined; the business has been unfavorably affected by tariffs; thepresent not an exception. They have increased the cost o f building by increasing the price of important materials for that pufpose and for equipment. ' ' 16. Less to greater. Commerpe has declined less than shipi-building; manufactures, and the transport of materials for them, supply in some degree that deficiency. ., > . 1 7 . Undoubtedly. 18. Very well. 19. Spirits permanently without reductions. , 20. Some of those paying high duties; the domestic having taken their place.. : . ^ : ' 2 1 . Agriculture and commerce, especially the latter, unfavorably; manufactures favorably; at least there is heard no cPmplaint on their especial behalf. ; . . ^ 22. Articles of luxury, and those which-may well be produced inthis couritry, rather than those of the.most common use which are not, because less burdensome in general, and more equal as to the means of contributing. 1 - . \ . 23. Many articles used by the riiost numerous class are taxed higher than others more: especially in request for manufacturirig purposes: as wool, hides, some materials for dyeing, and other raAV materials, whichare or may be prpdueed in this country, notlaxed so high^as the cheaper kinds of clothing and several articles made of materials of hke origin for general use. 24. To increase the cost to consumers, arid so tP protect the maniifacture of them in the United States; unequally, at least while such protection lasts, upon those interests. ^. , ' / ' '25. The idea of special protectipn supposes there are; cpnsequently they might be imported for less, the duty aside, or sufficiently reduced. The consumption of such is considerable and not peculiar. Were there no fears of competition, as with respect to someis the case, the evidence would have a different bearing. 26. The opiriion is general in this State that the present duties, by stimulating rnariufactures/and collecting consumers in vill ages, rnake a home market for agricultural products; but they do riot appear to have stimulated agriculture in an equal degree, to say nothing of commerce; 264 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845, M!-rTrGpn.tinu:ed. From s.p.rne causeVthe^profits of farms are less, while those.pf manufactures are: greater s nevertheless, the State ori the whple has prospered thrpugh its m.anufaptories, howev.er less in degree in other pursuits. 27/" Prpbably .200,000: pprinds-of Avool annuaily, and double at least, of that quantity manufactured.-. The wool raised for market is mostly ' of .fine quahty,: but lariguishirig in price-^^25lo 28.cents, and no demand. Woolen factories mostly work'coarse wopl from S.outh America, under the eight cents miriirnuni. The AVOOI of this Stajte has declined -30 per cent, or more in the last tAvelve or fifteen ye.ars;./and h.ad nearly reached the present low price as early as 1842. .2:8/Soni.e .of cpal, but not Avith repia - CONNECTICUT. ANSWERS TO CIRCyLAR No. 1. New London County. From Increase Wilson, •. ' . : 1. Connecticut, New Londori county. • ' ^ .2. Miscellaneous hardAVarp; steam power. ' .. 3. In 1830; individual concern. : ' 4... Preserit.capital invested in grounds, buildings, poAve.r,.and machinery^ about $35,000. V: :, ' ' .. • 5. Average a,mount expended annually for the last ten years, fpr rnaterials ari.d w.ages, about $3^,000.- ' / • - . .6-tp 8. No answer. •; 9. Amount o f goods manufactured siricp 1830 froni: $20,000 to $50,000 per annum, consisting of a variety of articles. [A list of these articles is apperided.] 10. Materials annually used for a few years past, 100 to 150 tons, pig iron; abput Pne half Scotch, and the remainder American. Also from 20/to 30 tons Americari bolt and bar irpn, rpds, and wire, arid about the sarne ,quantity "of English, Swedes, and.Russia irori? and riparly the same quantity of old copper, block tin, zinc, &c. ...11, No-ariswer..-, .•, ' , • - . . , • 12,. Forty to sixty nien; average wages $1.25 per day; twenty to forty bo3^s, average Avages 60' cerits per day./ .13. Ten hours per day throughout the year. 14, ,15. Np answers/• .' , :. 16. Sales made to merchants directly, in different parts ofthe coun^ try, and through agents in Boston, NCAV York, Philadelpbi.a, and Baltirnore. ., 17. Similar articles are iniported in large quantities, and sold at less prices,, brit are supposed to be gerierally inferior in quality. , 18. The manufactures are prp.bably consumed iri every State in the Uniori. . \ 1845,] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. . 265 MTTT-Contiriried. 19. No answer:. 20. Sold principally on,a credit of six months, but in. some cases for cash, with a discount of five per ceiit. * ". 21. The cost of'the manufactures has gradually decreased., in consequence of greater experience in the workriien, imprpvements in rhae-hinery, tools, &c., and a slight^reductiori in the cost pf materials. The ' price of labor has not rnaterially-yaried. 22. Many articles are UOAV sold from 20 to 30 ppr cent, "lower than . they were ten years since; .and other articles 15 to' 20 per pent. .loAver than they Ay ere fiye years since. .. 23. The present rate-of duty on general hardware is cpnsidered necessary tp enable .rn.anufaGtur.ers to .cornpete with' similar ar.ticles imported; but if no mpre thari .a. cprresporidirig duty were placed ori pig and bar iron, many "articles .riow exclusively imported'cpuld be made in thi^ cpuntry, ,:• ' : .^ ^'24..Np ariswer.' .'• •,• 25; Profits never precisely ascertained, but -^ni.all and hithertp expended in irnproving th.e cpnpern. 26 to 28. No answers. .. , fi^fi .i •• ' 29.- Urider a duty of /12| ,p,er cpnt. pn irnported gopds mpre than one half the articles now made here would probably be abaridoned. 30 to 40. No:answers.' .' ' Tolland County.. Name not given; received in a letter ofi Charles F . Lester, . Collector,. Neup London, .October 2, 1845*, \_Namje supposed to be Rufius G. Penney.'] • . , - : 1. Connecticut, Tolland county. 2. Satinet;. Avater power. / . ^ . .' . 3. In 1839;'joint-stock concern. ' -•, 4. Capital invested, $24,000. 5. Not-able to answer. . 6. Not over six per cent; no portion of.capital borrowed. 7. Fluctaatiori of prices. §. No answer. " • 9., About 70,000 yards satinet good quality; .aA-erage value about 60 cents'per yard. 10. Severity thousand ppurids doniestic woob 35 cents per pound; 75,000 yards cotton warp, 4J cents per yard; l,?OO.gallons lard oil, 70 cents per gallon; 400 gallons sperm oil, $1 per gallbn; dj^e-stuffs, wood, &c., about $3,000. .. •/ 11. No ansAver, 12. Fourteen men, average AA^ages • $1 per day; 13 women, $2 per A^eek; no children. ./ 13." Twelve hours per day throughout the year. 14. No answer. . 15. Npne.; teaming done on contract.' 16. Sent to Bostorr, New York, and Philadelphia, to market. 266 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. MT—Continued. 17. LoAA'-priced imported Avoolens to a considerable exterit. 18. Principally in the United States. 19. Do not kno AV that any part are exported. 20. Sold bj^ our agent in market for cash, and credit at eight months. ^ 21. Varies from year to year; prices fluctuating. :.^ 22. From 50 cents to $1 per yard. ... 23. Satinets are riot imported to any extent; but low-priced imported woolens compete Avith them. , . ; ^'^: 24. Is unacquainted Avith the frauds practised. :' 25. First three years a loss; since, $8,000 have been converted into fixed capitak -. . ;. . / 26. Domestic wool is the principal article consumed by us.:: 27. Wool, cotton, and all others, probably $34,000. '^ 28. No answer, . ; •. *. 29. If the duties on woolens AA^ere reduced to 12^ per cent., and cbrresponding imports, it wPuld pfobably cause us to abaridon Pur business. 30. Should be governed by circumstances. 31. At present know of: none better than to loan at six per cent. 32. Unacquainted with these interests. . 33. Amount of. capital, $24,000; none bprrowed. . 34. No answer. . 35/ Carinot say certainly; probably 30 per cent. 36 to 40. No answers. Middlesex County. Name not given; received in letter firom P . Sage, Collector, Middletown, Connecticut. - r . 1. Connecticut, Middlesex county. . ' . 2. Cotton factory; water poAver. 3. In 1838; joint-stock cbrnpariy. 4. TAverity-five thousand dollars. • 5. The property is leased at $1,400' per annum; from, which sum is deducted, say $400, for insurance and taxes, &c. The lease expires April, 1847. ./ . -' 7. Home Competitiori, by additional factories,- as Avell as foreign importations, diminish profits. 8. Legal interest six pel cent.. Bank stock pays about seven per cent. , 9. Three.hundred and fifty thousand ya.rds printed cloths; formerly sold at nine cents per yard, but are now selling at about five cerits. 16. Sold principally in New York. 18. Purchased by calico printers in this country. ' '20. Cash and credit. . . 21.' Mknual labor has diminished by improvement in machinery. 22. Printed cloths now sold at five cents per yard were a fcAV years ago sold at about eight or nine cents. / The other questioris not ansAvered. NOTE.—The first and second returns given above Avere received in a 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 267 M—-Continued. letter from-Charles F.Lester, CollPctor, NCAV London, Conriecticut, October 2, 1845, who states that he had "spared np pains in .distributing the ^questions,, and seeking to obtairi all necessaiy informatiori from^the ^manufacturers;" t h a t ' l i o response had been;received, except in the. UAVO; cases"'given above. Mr. Lester adds: " The great reluctance 'exhibited by the manufacturers to ansy^er openly and frankly,- gives 'strong evidence that they are uriAvilling to riiake a free expose of their ^ business, which is owing to,, the fact of the immense profits thereof, 'growing out of the present' protective tariff. I am Avell satisfied that 'the average net profit of the cottPn and woolen establishments of Con' necticut is equal to forty per cent, per annum," &c. .: ANSAVERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Litchfield. From George C, Woodruff, Postmaster, 1. Rye, maize,-oats, flax, potatoes, turnips, and a httle tobacco; beef, pork, horses, sheep, &c. 2. Say four-fifths. 7. I tliink not riiuch by the tariff—^^a little by the currericy. 8. Yes; except wheat, which has beeri draAvn-from the Avestern States, New York iricluded. 9. J thirik npt. 10. No; I attribute it to the duty. 14. We have manufacturirig establishrnents of Avoolen and cottori goods, buttons, brass, clocks, iron, &c., &c.; (and being in successful operation before the tariff of 1842, I conclude they w^ouldxpperate Avith profit without it, though: the profit would be less. 23. On most articles rnanufactured here the tariff is beneficial to the manufocturer to a rnuch greater extent than the agriculturist. 24. Increase of price at the expense of other classes. 27. Price increased by tariffof 1842. 28. Lon mines in this section. L1TCHFIE.LD, CONN., October 4, 1845. S I R : I herewith return the questions propounded - by you, with answers annexed to such as are in my power to ansAver., I canriot, without great expense, procure informatiori necessary to eriable rne to answer the others. , fi . .^ "Very respectfully 3^ours, . GEO. C. W O O D R U F F , P . M . P. S, By an act of .our Legislature in May last, the assessor's in each town, in this State are to.procure and return to our Secretary of State a vast ariiount of statistical information relative to t h e matters contained in your inquiiies; an abstract of Avhich the Secretary is to make,'print, and-return to the Legislature in May next. This is probably the only 2.68 R E P O R T S OF T H E " [1845. M^—Coritiriued.. . way in AVhich much of the iriformation. ybu seek can be. accrir ately obtained^ , •, . ; : • ' . Hon. R, J, WALICER., I^To this latter set pf questions, .D, Browning, P . M., Hillsbpro', states' that he ''has: not the rneans of pbtainirig the necessaiy information," &c., &c.]. -. •/ . • ^ ^ : ;• New. London, From Sidney Miner.. 1. Potatoes, onions, corri, pats, wheat, rye, and barley, sufficient-for the consuniption of the State; some tobacco; cptton arid rice, rione. 2. About one-fourth. . . / ' 3. Not connected Avitli or dependerit on them to any extent. 4. Not rnore than 3 to'5 per cent, per annum, and generally uniform. 5. Profits on agriculture uniform, but generally small for iO years past, b u t improving. . .; ., 6. Prices have averaged fpr, 10 years, past as. follows: Potatoes, 25 cents per bushel; corn, 65 cents; oats, 40: cents; -wheat, $1 12; rye, 67 cents; barley:, 67 cents;labor, per .band, $10 to $14 per month and found. • ; , ,. '... '' ; 7. Prices have not been materially affected either by thelariff or: the currericy. : . . " / ::^ ' • •. 8. .Raise's..a sufficierit supply, of horses, hogs, and cattle, and provisions, (except flour, hprses, and mules, for shipping purposes.). Flour is, supplied, from NCAV York, and horses and mules frPm the. westerri States. Arnounts have been- small,, and :(varyirig with the season) used for comniercial purposes, which is large, and purchased principally in NeAV York for the whaling interest only: 13,000 bbls.. proyisions,,3,000 bbls, flour, 600. bbls. fneal, 1,200 bbls.. rn classes, 150 tierces, peas, 400 tierces beans, and 120,000 lbs. bread, yearly. / "9. These interests;are not depe.ridei-it on the agriculture, of the State to any extent. . 10. Little or no difference in prices;: does not think there is any effect on the groAA^ers of the .staples, or the State at' large, in production or living. ' . . . f ,. l i . None to any amount; some fcAv potatoes, onions, and tobacco; their prices have .not been affected, to any exterit for several years past. 12. None to ariy extent exported; piices governed b y hoine deinand; none shipped to,foreign markets, except some fpAV manufactured articles. /13. No arisAver. . . 14. A cpnsiderable number; cottori, Avopleri^ Avorsted carpeting, clocks, nails, combs, chairs, Avooden ware, candles, oil, soap, oakum, sash and windoAv blinds, foundries and rope walks; profits not kriown;. generally good; cotton and wboleri factories, large profits; AA'-OUM bear a great reductipn of duties. , , .. , / 15. Engaged at present, to.'sorne extent, in ship-building, but not as largely as formerly, owing to the scarcity of ..timber arid the high duties on iron, copper bolts,, duck and rigging, anchors, chains, fee.; largely engaged in navigation, ino stly. whalirig;" con sider ably iri West India and 1845.} SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY., 269 M-^Cbntinued. iri..cPastirig and general freight; her present condition is flourishing; the effect ofthe tariff is detririiental, to individual enterprise, particuiarly in ship-buildirig. . \ 16. One half of the capital employed in • conirriercial interests, which have been affected to soriie exterit by the tariff pn the before-mentioned articles, viz:-iron,-copper bolts, &c. ..: . , 17.: A Warehouse system AVould ribt be of use in this State. . IS. The drawback-Avould not be beneficial to any great: extent. ., 19 to 22; No answers; :,; ' 23. By the ppefatiori: of the preserit tariff the duties on cottons and woolens give a gieat profit to the mariufacturer, to the injury of the consumer, and especially of the labpririg* classes. ' The .preserit duties on iron,: duck, cordage^ ^ copper bolts,' chains, &c., operate very hard on ,commercial interests.. 24. The effect ofthe tariffon the 'before-mentioned articles, mariufactured to.a lirnited exterit in the United States, is 'detrimental to shipbuilding and the commercial iriterests "to a considerable extent; the bperation of a high tariff is^ irijurious to the. commercial and mechanical :interests. . , 25. Cotton and woolen goods particularly are rriuch erihanced in price owing to the protection; iron, cPpper bolts, duck, cprdage, and chain cables, could ,be reduced without ^ great injury to. those manufacturing therii; the consumptiori is. large,: arid" Would increase with a reduction of the duties. ' / ' ' ' • • . .V ' .26. The duties do- nbt beriefit the .groAvers of the articles referred to, but give a greater profit l b the manufactrirer;:does hot thirik t h a t l h e State has been irijufed by the tafiff generally;: sorne have been, benefited;: ship-building has declined,- while cott.on and wboleri factories havP greatiy increased. 27; Not a great amorint; ,price:s vary accor ding to quality and demand, but prices generally fair. 28. No answer.' • •:' -''."''' ' ' • .' ; - ' • ' ': 'Milfiqfd. From D. L.'.WidMt. : 4. The average profit ^on capital ernployed ori weU-cuitivated farms is beiAVeen 2 and 3 per cent. Arid as to;the arinual prpfit on capital employed for the ten preceding-years, my answer is, betAveen 3 and 4 per cerit; that is to say, the profits on farming, undet the tariffof 1842, have lesseried Avith hs- abbut 25" per cent, as' compared Avith the like business for the ten years precedirig. It rnight seem strange iri a Con^ necticut rrian to say that this depreciation is in- Corisequence of the preserit tariff;:but the fact is.so, although other causes besides the tariff have opef ated./ 6. -Agricultural prpducts brought aboiit 25 per cent.-mpre duririg most o f t h e ten yeafs precedirig 1842. thari they have brought for the last threeyears. / . :' 7. It is difficult to say precisely hoAv far prices have been affected by 270 , R E P O R T S O F THE ^ [1845. M—Continued. tariff laAVS, for our prices and profits are much regulated and controlled by agricultural productions Avliich come to us from the ^rm^ West. Still, I hesitate not to say that the tariff of 1842 has not benefited our agricultural interests; that is, more than tlieywould.be aided..by a lower tariff*. 8. Horses, mules, arid cattle are exported, but many of theni are first brought here from "Verrnorrt, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. .Their prices AA^ere raised by the bloated currencyof 1835 and 1836; b.ut prices have lessened since our eurrency-has' become sound, and bills are equal to dollars, as has been the fact since the United States Bank ceased to regulate the currency. ., / .- . 10. The average prices of protected docticles have been higher .since' 1842 than they Avere the ten preceding years. The high duties have prevented importations, and manufacturers have fixed their own prices, 12.: You will have learned the extent and character of manufacturing establishments from our eastern^ fiiends. I think that profits, for the last three years, have been three times greater than the profits of agriculture. If duties Av^ere reduced about one-half on many articles, the manufacturers would then make gbod profits, and this reductipn would lessen prices to consumers... • f 15. The extent of ship-building and navigation, you AAIU have learned from other sources, but both interests are injured by high tariffs.. 17. A warehousing system Avould riot affect our trade and commerce as, materially as it would those of large importing States. 20. Coarse cottons; soriie coarse woolens; hats, (fur imported;) if the tax on iron wexe\ow ered, more would cprrie in, and at cheaper rates for consumers, (butPennsylvania would scold!) so, as to sugar and molasses, (but Louisiana would scold!) 21. T h e " minimums" of the tariff suit the manufacturers, but the mass of the consumers are beginning to understand and cbmplain of their • operation. ^ /^ 22. Tea and coffee; moderate duties would collect much revenue without raising their prices. 23; The present tariff. helps manufacturers much, but burdens other, classes. "^ . • -«' ' 25. Coarse cottons, some Avooleris, iron, sugar, and molasses, are among the chief articles; .duties on soriie might be lessened half, and pn others a quarter. . , .. 26,.Present duties do not lielp_ agriculturists arid other consurners; duties shpuld be lessened. Our State, as a Avhole, would be helped by the operation. • , , , •, For many reasons, I thirik the tariff tax better than the direct tax systeEG; but the tariff can be improved, andthen the system, will.be mpre, lasting and satisfactory; High tariffs, like all other disjointed things, place men and business in false positions, and always produce agitations. Modify the tariff and it will bearmore equitably on all classes; then the middling and poorer classes AvillPnly bear their proportionate burdens; now they are oppressed, while the rich are favored, if not privileged. 1845.] ^ SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY.; ., 271 M—Continued. :- -.NEW YORK. : . ,-• ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR, No. 1. Schenectady.' From Archibald Craig, President ofi'the Factory, enclosed in letter firom C. W. Lawrence, Esq., CoUector. 1. State of New York, Schenectady county. . . 2. CottPn m'anufactory; AvaterpoAA^er... 3 ; In 1841; joint stock. . 4. Capital in real estate $20,000; in machinery, &c., $36,000. 5./Capital in stock, niaterials, &c., $20,000. 6. Profits about 2J per cent; riPne borrowed. . 8. No capital employed in other business. 9. Amount manufactured last year about 225,000 yards 3-4 coarse cotton, and,175,000 yards 4-4 do; both valued at about $25,000. 10. 100,000 lbs. cottPn used annually, with, other domestic produc- ^ tions valued at $10,000. / 12. Twelve rrieri-—average wages perdiem $1 06; 18 young women, at 50 cents; 30 boys and girls, at 25/bents. 13. Working hours,, winter and surririier, about 12 hours. 16/ Abput one-fburth sold at home, and the other three-fburths sent to N e ^ York city. ,/ . , . 20. Sold mostly on a credit of six to eight months. 22. ThreeTquarter brown cottons have sold ffpm 37^. down to 4 cents. 25. Last three years abput 5 per cent, per annum." . 26. Raw material, &c., about 40. per cent; AA^ages of labor, repairs, &c., 45 per cent. Profits on amount of manufaetures (riot on capital) about 15 per cerit. 27. About $15,000 agricultural productions; $5,000 other doniestic productions. « 40. No arisAver. . , ; Troy, Rensselaer County, From Benjamin Marshall, Esq., enclosed in letter firom. C. W. Lawrence, Esq. 1. Troy, Rensselaer coririty. New York. 2. Cotton factory;/water poAA'-er. . -< >• 3. In 1 8 4 3 ; private, oAvned by B. Marshall. 4. One hundred thousand dollars. 5. Fifty.thousand dollars. • .6. About 7 per cent. 7. An increased demand* 8. None otherwise employed., 9. About 250,000 yards plain, and twilled shirtings, at 13 cents;100,000 yards colored | , al 13 cents; and 50,000 yards ginghams, at 20 cents per yard. " 10. Three hundred bales of cotton, about $12,000; oil, 1,000 gallons, 272 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—-Continued. . $900; coal, 100 tons, $500-; iron, $500; leather, $500; lumber, $500: say $15,000 domestic, including $1,500 foreign. 11. All his rnariufactures could be iniported. from England, at'an advance of 10 per cent, on the above prices. • , 12. Twerity-five men, at $ 1 ; 15 boys,, at 50 cents; 80 females, (chiefly women,) at 50 cents per day. . : . , .^ . / 13. Twelve, hours all the year. , 14. In Erigland about two-thirds the price, and. on the contirient of Europe one-third to One-half the price. • , ,. , *,. : - • 15. Two horses. • , .. . : ^ 16- Sold, chiefly in New York,. Philadelphia/. arid-' Baltimore, and thence scattered all over the United'States.", / • 17. Ginghams,and J colored goods are chiefly imported. ( 18. .All-over the Uriited States. . /. 19. A: small port at South. Alii erica,. 20; Chiefly sold at.eight months' credit.;. . , ' -,. 21, Cottons>:liave fluctuated^ .but .generally declined; labor steady, and rather advaricing. /, 22. Goods of the above, niake have declined frorii 20 to M cents duririg the last 20years. . . :• / V . ,..23. Not less than 5 centsper squareyardi; ;, .. . .'. ,-; 24. Not able tp recomniend any, , ' . "' 25. Norie except iriterest, .on capital which has b.een inypsted in improvements of buildirigs arid machinPry./ ... . .. .. 26.- About 20 pef, cerit./raw rnateiial, 60 per cerit. labor^ a n d 20 per cent, interest. ,. ' - . ' : • /: ; .27.' Includirig cotton,.40per cent, agricultural,:40/per cent* domestic mariufactures, arid.about 20 per:cerit. iniported articles.....28. TAVO-thirds Uriited States, one-third this State. ' 29. The high price of labpr. would: not enable him to compete with the foreign importations at 12J per cent; duty, and Avould cause,him to abandori his business. , . . . 30. Capital; chiefly in buildings and riiachinery, would be lost, and therefbre leave but little lo •employ pther^wise;- but,'/if able,- would iriippft cotton goods, and ship cbtton... : / : ^ • 31. Made all liis capital in importing and shipping,. and-at the high rate of duties has only been able tb exteri'd his rriaiitifactuMng concerns, which would not, this day, realize riiore than the capital comriienced w i t h . - . • ' •• '• ' ' • • • — • • . • • 32. Not acquainted, /• 33.. About one million of dollars, original capitak 34. The increase of manufacturing establishments: will reduce the profits and make it an interest business of 6 per cent, in threeyears,^ and no reduction beyond 10 per cent, on the^ amionrit of: duties' per anrium could be sustairied by the inariufacturers. v . ' 35. About 40 per cent. Pri firie goods, arid 50 to 100 per cent; on coarse. . : • ' 36. Not acquariited. , 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 273 M^-C ontinued. 37. In cotton goods, thinks three-fourths are noAv manufactured in the United States. 38. Not acquainted. 39. Not exceeding the lawful interest. 40. Boys and girls under 15 years, 37J cents; boys of 20 yeafs, 62J cents; 25 years and upwards, $ 1 ; Avomen, 50 cents per da}^ Buffalo, Erie county. From Calvin J. Mills, Eagle Furnace, Buffalo. 1. State, of NCAV York, Erie courity. 2. Iron castings; stearn power. 3. In 1836; "is not a joint-stock concern." 4. Capital in buildings and machinery, $35,000-. 5. Materials $30,000, wages .$15,000 during the year. ^ 6. Profit 10 per cent.; no borfoAved capital. . ' 7. Decreased in corisequence ofthe increase of manufactories ofthe same kind in this vicinity. 9. Manufactured annually, $40,000; sales in 1836, $12,000; in. 1844, $60;000; iron castings, average value of each $ 7 0 per ton. ' 10. Seven hundred tons of pig iron, at $ 3 0 per ton; 200 tons Lehigh coal, at $ 7 per ton; 100 bushels of charcoal, at 4^- cents per bushel; 350 cords of wood, at $ 2 per cprd; all domestic products. ^ 11. No articles of the same kind imported. 12. Eighty men; average wages, $ 1 50 per day. . 13.. TAVCIVC hours per day during the yeaf. 14. About the same ihroughout the. country; in foreign countries less, but does riot knoAV.. , 15. Three horses. , , . 16. Finds a market at factory. , : 17. Foreign articles do not-enter into competition. 18. The manufactures are consumed partly in westefri New'York, and the western States, and Canada. 19. A small portion exported to Canada. 20. Part for cash and part fpr credit of 6 months; some bartered for wood. ° , 21. Has continued about the same. 22. In 1836 castings sold for-5 cents per,pound; noAV for 3^-. 23. As no castings are IIOAV imported, itis presumed the tariff is sufficient. 25. Annual profits for the last three years about 1 0 per cent. 26. Costof niaterial 50 per cent.; labor 40 percerit.; and profits of capital 10 per cent. : ^ ^ 29, Any reduction of duties would cause an,vabandonment of business. , . 31. Cannbt tell; thiriks there-would be if the duties Avere reduced. 33. Fifty thousarid dollars; no borroAv'ed capital. ^ 34. Thinks any reduction Avould have that effect. VOL. V.—18. 274 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Coritinued. 38. Amount not knoAvn; thinks it has increased since the tariffof 1842 50 percent. 39. 40. No answers. Erie County. From Calvin J. Millsf Buffalo Steam Engine Works. 1. State of NCAV York, Erie courity. 2. Stearn engines, mill gearings, and castings generally; steam power. .3. In 1842;. a joint-stock company. • • . 4. In buildirigs and machinery, $60,000. 5. In niaterials and Avag'es, $20,000. ". 6. Annual profit, about 10 per cent. 7. No difference. - 10. Sixty-five thousand dollars annually; all domestic. 11. No importation. ^ 12. About 75 rnen; average Aya:ges, $1 25 per day. 13. Labor 10 hours a day the whole year. . 14. Thinks men generally receive $1 per day in Ihis-place; don't know as to other places. 15. Two horses. ' • .: 16. Two-thirds at the factory—the remainder is. sent to Michigan, Illinois, arid Wisconsin. 17. Foreign articles do riot enter into competition. 18. Two-thirds iri this vicinity; one-third iri Michigari, llhnois, and Wisconsin. 19. Perhaps one-twelfth sent to Canada. 20. One-half is sold for Cash, and one-half on a credit of 6 months; 21.. The Cost to the manufacturer has iricreased 10 per cent. It 'has been gradual, and almost equally in material and labor. 22. The castings for $80 per ton, and the wrought work $200 per ton. 23/ Thinks 40 per cent, duty necessary. . 25. The profit of 10 per.cent, has been cPnverted into fi^xed capital. 26. Cost of material, 50 per.cent.; labor, 40 per cent.; and profit on capital 10 per cent. . , .: 29. Should abandon the business. 31. Thinks there.is. 32. With iron this is partly the case; cannot tell to what exterit. 33. Amount of capital, $80,000. ~ 3.4. Thinks the duty might be reduced 5 per cent. 40. Thiriks average rate of wages not equal to 75 cents per day. Erie County. From Calvin J. Mills,.Black Rock Iron Works. 1. State of New York, Erie county. . ' 2.. Manufacture o f wrought-iron; water poAjver. 3. In 1844; individual property. 4. Capital in buildirigs, machinery, and water power, $4,500. . 5, Average cost of'materials, $2,400; wages, $750. 6. Annual rate of profit, 12 per cent.. - 1845,] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. i 275 M—Continued; 12. Employ. 12 rrierr, who receive $16 for every 2,000 lbs. of iron wrought. ' 13. Thirteen hours a day throughout the year. 16. At the factory and at Buffalo, 4 miles distant. 23.. If the duty of $17 per ton should be;Struck off, it Avoukl cause a loss of $2 per ton. 24 to 40. Not ansAvered. . . ' Erie County, From Calvin.J, Mills, Buffalo Cotton Factory. 1. State of New York, Erie county. 2. Manufacture brown sheetings; steam power. 3. In 1844; joint stock.., ' . 4. Capital in buildings and machineiy, $35,000.. 5.- In the.purchase of materials and payment of wages, $5,000.' 9. Thirty-five thousand dollars wprth ^made in one year of brown sheetings; value, 7J cents per yard. . 10. Cannot answer, as the factory has nbt been long in. operation. 11. Similar goods not imported. 12. " W h e n in full operation calculate to pmploy 50..men, Avomen, and children; wages for men, from 75 cents to $ 1 25:per day; women, 25 to 50 cents; children, 12J to 25 cents per day." ,. 13. Twelve hours per day the whole year. .15.-None. 16. A market at the factory for two-thirds, and the balance in New York, Ohio, and Michigan. 17. For eign. articles do not now enter into competition; but.by redu-r cing the tariff to 1 2 | per cent, they would, and would ruin the business. 18. Consumed in all parts of Arnerica, and exported to Mexico, Canada, and China. 19. Answered in 18. 20. One-fourth is sold for cash, one-half on credit of two to eight inPnths, and orre-fourth battered for all kinds of goods.. 21. The cpst pf the manufactures to the riianufacturer has decreased, in Gonsequence of the extreme low price of raw cotton. 22. Piices have been from ,7 to 8 cents pei yard. 23. The preserit tariff enables the manufacturer to enter into competition with the foreigrier. 24. No change necessary. 25. No profits divided; they have been expended in and upon the buildings, &c. ' . 26. Cost of manufacture; three-sevenths of raw material, threesevenths of labor, and one-seventh of profit of capital. 29. Such a reduction Avould cause us to continue manufacturing by reducirig the wages of labor. - : •30/.Same as 29. :/ . : 31 to 40. NotansAvered. 276 R E P O R T S OF T H E M-T-C ontinued. Erie County, [1845, ^ " From Calvin J. Mills, .Niagara Mills, 1. Erie county, NCAV York. ', 2. Flouring mill; water poAver. 3. In 1840. " N o t a joint-stock concern." 4. Capital in buildings, machinery, and water power,,$62,000o 5. Capital in material and wages, $10,000. 6/ Arinual rate of profit uncertain. 7. Wheat is ahvays too high fpr the price of flour. 9. Make annually 35,000 barrels flour; average pfice, $ 4 5 0 ; value, $157,500. 10. Use annually 160,000 bushels of wheat, wbrth $128,000. 12. Employ 12 men: Avages$30 per month. ' 13. Eighteeri hours per day for 8 months in the year. 16. The manufactured.article is sent to the northern Atlantic citieslbr market. 17. Foreignarticle does riot enter into: corripetitiori; .18. Consumed aniong the manufactories of the eastern cities; 19. Not expbrted. 20. Sold for cash. « , , ,26. The price of the manufactured article corisists of the price of raw riiaterials, nine-tenths; the wages of labor and profit of capital, orietenth. 27 to 40. Not ansAsrered, Erie County, From Calvin J, Mills, Tannei'y, 1, Erie courity j NeAV York. 2.. Leather tannery; Avater and steam power. . 3. Established i n 1831; Private concern. . • 4. Capital in buildings, machinery, and water poAver, $10,000. 5 to 8, Nb/ansAvers. ' 9. Amount of liianufactufed articles arinually, about $50,000. 10. Aniount of raw materialiised annually, about $24,000-^-^one-third of raw hides from Sbuth America. 11. There is not eriough,of foreign manufacture imported to affect the price. 12. Twenty-five rnen at $18 per month. 13. Ten hours per day the whole year. 15. Orie horse. — 16. Market principally at the factory. ' 17. No foreign articles eriter irito'corrijpetitiori. 18. Principally consuined in the Uriited States. 19. A small portiori expprted IP Cariadk, ,20. Sold half for cash and half bn credit of 2 to 6 mPnths. 2 J. Has decreased to manufacturer in cbnsequence off eduction of price of raw material and price of labor. \ 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 277 M—Continued, 22. Sole leather, the principal article, has decreased,' sirice 1831, from 20, 18, 15, to 13 cents per pound. ' \ 23 to 40. Notanswered, Cattaraugus County, From Calvin J, Mills, Persia Woolen Factory, 1. Cattaraugus county. New York. 2. Woolen factory. Water power. 3. Established in 1844. Private concern. 4. Capital in buildings, machinery, &c/, $4,000. . ' • 5. Average amount in materials, purchase ofthe same, and wages, $1,000. 6. Profit annually 10 per cent. 9. Annually manufacture 4,000 yards'woolen cloth, valued at 60 cents per y a r d ; wopl carding valued at $1,000 per annum. 10. Quantity of raw material not stated. Value of American wool from 26 to 31 cents per pound. 12. Six men and three women. .. Wages of men 90 cents, and of women 50 cents per day. 13'. Twelve liours per day, 8 months qf theyear. 14. In mechanical pursuits about the same; in agriculture, less. • 15. One horse. : 16. Part sold at the factory, and part at Buffalo, 35 miles distant. 17. Foreign articles-do not enter into competition. 18. Consumed in this country. 19. None-are exported intp foreign countries. 20. Partly sold on a credit of three and four months, and party bartered for provisions, &c. 22. The manufactured goods have been sold from 50 cents to $1 per yard. 23. Cannot say whether or not similar goods would be imported if there were no duty. 29. Should continue to nianufacture, with a less reduction of price ofthe manufactured article, than, in the raw material, and thus make a better profit than now. 30. Answered in the foregoing. 31 to 40. Unanswered. ' • . ' • - / • Erie County. ' " • . •• . . • . ' From Calvin J. Mills, Collins Woolen Factory. 1. State of New York, county of Erie. 2. Woolen ; water poAver. 3.. Estabhsiied in 1837 ; is not a joint stock. \ '. 4. Capital in buildings, machinery, aiid Avater power, $i0,000. 5. Average amount in material, purchase of same, and wages, 15,000. 6. Annual rate of profit 12 J per cent. _ , , 7. There has been an increase in cost to the inanufacturer,lii conse 278 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Coritinued. quence of the increase of establishments, of the same kind, and of the increase in demand for raAV inaterial/- , . 9. Made about 15,000 yards of woolen clPth the presentyear; value 65 cents per yard. " ' . 10. Used 17,000 poririds of wool; value'25 to 31 cerits perpound. 12. Fprirteen men, forir women, and one boy; wages of men 90 cents^ women 50, and boy 37J per day.i 13. Twelve hours per day, eight mPriths iri the year. 15. One horse. 16. Part ofthe goods are sold-at Buffalo, 30 rriiles off, for cash;, part bartered at the factory. 17. Foreign articles do not enter into competition. 18. Are cpnsumed in this country. 19. None are exported. . 20. Some sold on credit of three and four inonths, and some bartered for all sorts of goods. 21.. The cost ofthe r a w material has decreased about three per cent, per annum; (?) there has been a gradual decrease in the value of goods. . J , . _ ', 22. Sold for from 50 cents to $Lper yard. 25. Annual rate of profit about i o per cent. ' 29. Should continue to manufacture at a less reductipn of price of cloth than of raAV material, arid thus make greatef profits. 30 to 40. No answers. Cha2itauqtie County. From Calvin J. Mills, Westfield Edge-tool Factory. 1, State of New York, Chautauque county. ' 2.'Edge tools ; water pbwer. ' 3. Established, in 1840", private concern. 4. Capital in buildings, machinery, &e., $8,000. 5. Annual arnount paid for raAV niaterial and AV ages, $20,000, . 12. About 45 m e n ; wages from $16'to $40 per month. '13. Twelve hours per day all they^ear. 18, Mostly consumed in tlie United States; some exported to Canada. 19 to 40. No answers. Chautauque ^County. 1. • 2. 3. 4. 5. 9, 12. 16. .From Calvin J. Mills, Westfield Pearlash Manufidctory, Chautauque county. New :Yorko : Ashery. . \ In 1842; private concern.' ' Capital in buildings, machinery, &c.y'$1,000. Annual amount for materials and wages $2,200. Amount of rnanufactured articles produced annually, $4,300. Four men, at $15 per month. Articles sent to New York city for market; sold on credit. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. , 279 M-^Continued. Chautauque. County. From Calvin J. MiUs, Westfield Distillery. 1. State of New York, county of Chautauque. 2. Mariufactory of high wines; steam power. 3. Estabhshedin 1843; and enlarged in 1845. . :^ 4. Capital in grounds, building.s, &c., $6,000. 5. Annually expended for raw. malerials and wages of labor, $9,000. 9. Value o f wines, beef, and pork, annually made, $15,000. 12. Eight men at $15 per month. , 16. The productipns.sold for cash in Buffalo and New York. 17 to 40. No answers,: '^Rossie, St. Lawrence County. D, C. Judson, Cbllector—-From Geo, Parish^ Esq., proprietor ofi the Rossie Iron Works, , , 1. Rossie j St, L awrence county. New York. . ,; : ,• 2. Iron furnaces; Water power. ' . 3. In 1825; private property. . 4. Sixty thousand dpllars. ': ' 5. Forty thousand dollars. : r .;. 6. None so far.; $100,000 over and beyond interest have been sunk in the establishment. , ^ 7.. The low price of iron; the high price of labor; the expense of getting to market. • 9. Abo.ut 1,500 tons of pig iron annually, of which one-sixth has been riaanufactrired into castinsfs. -o - . • 12. From 40 to 50 men, at average wages of $1 25 per day, .15. Twelve to; sixteen horses annrially, and from 150 to 200 teams during the winter to supply stock. ' .16. Chiefly at Buffalo, 300 miles;, and at Rochester,-250 iniles. 17; Scbtch and English, pig. iron reach the same inarket .through New York and Cariada; the facility "of transportation from the seaboard is such that the cpst of laying doAvn British iron invariably regulates the niarket price. 20. Usually on six rnontlis'credit. . • 21. Decrease in cost of manufacturing pig iron, since established, 30 per cent., and progressing; owing to: the increased scale of manufacture and to improA^ements introduced.^ ' . ^ ^ 22. Pig iron has sold at from $20 to $40 per tPn, and castings from $50 to $100. . 23/ Nothing less than the present duty on:pig iron; even urider its operation the British riianufacturer competes • with and regulates the price in the markets. 2 5 . None.. . •••.-•: 26. The s.tock and material for the manufacture of iron being prepared | t and near the works, is calculated at its cost in labor; the entire cost expended in Avages of labor, deducting only for interest on capital Ivested; equal to $4 per ton; 280 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. 29/ Any reduction of the present duty on pig iron would cause the business to stop. . ' 32. The expense of transportation on pig iron must always limit the sale to a certain circle around the place pf manufacture, the extent of which must depend upon the facilities of transportation and the cost of the article. 33 to 40. No answers.: , / ' NOTE.—D. ,C. Judson, Esq., in his letter enclosing the above,, says that the manufacture of woolen fabrics is iriereasing in the valley of lire St. Lawrencp/ and where Avell conducted, with sufficierit capital, has been prosperous. Instead of pwing their prosperity to the high duties, on irnported wpolens, they have deri-ved very much of their profits fi'om sales in Canada; and the demarid there for American woolen fabrics of the common wool, adapted to ^ ordinary wear, is constantly increasing, and at prices affordirig a fair profit to the manufacturer. The duties to be paid on the entering of them on the Canadian side are equal to about 13 per cent. It I s scarcely necessary to say, therefore,iHat the high duties on Avoolens are not at all essential to the prosperity of the manufacturer of the article so far as this locality is concerned. In relation to the duties on wool, it is to be observed that the present rates interfere with the manufacture,.of Canadian wool in our manufactories, which Avould be carried on to a considerable extent were the duty a mere ad valorein duty of 20 per cent., and to a much larger extent if it could be m.anufactured and returned in the plpth Avithout duty, or Avith the retention of the usual amount in case of importations, with the benefit of drawback. . The same remark m a y be m a d e in relation to the flouring of wheat. The grinding of Canadian AAdieat would be carried Ori to a considerable extent on the frontier could it be donewithout the payment of duties, or if the exportation of the flpur would' give a draAvback of the duties on wheati • . ; Town ofi Salina, 131 - miles firom Albany. George H. McWhorter i Esq., Collector at Oswego, encloses letterfiromE . Marks, Superintendent ofi Onondaga Salt Springs. 1. On the Erie and Oswego canals, in the town of Salina, 131 rniles from Alban3v . -, 2. Salt springs. , ' 32. The quaritityof salt, sent to the Hudson river, and thence distributed throughput the New England States, the counties bordering on the Hudson river, NCAV Yprk city,^ and the ports still further south, even to Baltimore, Avas 878,769 bushels; the quantity shipped this year will be> greater. The Onondaga salt is brought into competition with the fbreigr ' article^ throughout, the-Northern, Eastern, Middle, and Western State| and along the Mississippi to New Orleans; The quantitj^ niade in 184^ was 4,003,554 bushels. \ ; . 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 281 M—Continued. Rochester, Monroe County. L . B..Langworthy, Esq., Collector; firom Samuel Moulson. ' 1. Rochester, Monrpe county. New Ybrk. -^ . . 2. Soap, candles, salaeratus,-oil, and white lead; water poAver. 3. A part in 1829, and part in 1844; joint stock. 4. Capital in grourid, buildirigs, machinery, and water poAv-er, $22,700. 5. Materials, $8,000; for materials, payment-of wages, &c., $6,400.. 6. Cannot answer. 7. " H a s arisen from the fluctuations in the currency." ,8. Capital loaned yields 7 per cent.; in agriculture about 6.per cent.; in sorne favorable branches of manufactures it may yield 12 to 18 per c e n t . • " •- • : : • • • - -. : ••' " 9. Cannot ansAver satisfactorily. 10. Does not answer the question. 11. Soap and candles seldom irnported; Avhite lead in small quantities from England sells 25 per cent, higher thari the American. 12!!! From 10 to 40 men; 1 boy to 10 men; average wages of men 69 cents per day. 13. Eleven hours per^day all the year. ^ 1.4. In farming, wages about the same, 69 cents per day^in this State; in Germany, 40 cents; in England, 421- cents per day. 15. TAVO horses. 16. Sold principally in this city; spme sent to various^ places; say one thousand miles off.> 17. Foreign articles enter iriio eompetitiori to an extrernely, limited extent. ~ 18. Consumed in western New York, Michigan,'a.nd a sinall part in Canada. 19. Exported to Canada to a limited exterit. 20. Sold for cash, and on credit pf 3 and 6 rnonths; sorne little bartered for goods for the Avorkrnen. . . 21. Wages decreased; ashes decreased; lead decreased, although it is rioAv 18 per cent, higher than last spring. ^ 22. Price of soap has varied from 8 to 4 cerits per pound;, candles, frorn 12J to 7 cents; salaeratus, frorn 10 to 3f cents; white lead, from 6^ to 8 cents. ^23. A tariff of 18 to 20 per cent. Avould be ample; this applies to lead, 24. No change Avould be necessary. , ^ 25. Armual rate of profits about 15 per cent.; surplus conver.ted into fixed capital. 26. Tallow 80 per cent.'; labor 11: profit 9; white lead, 50 per cent, ir matericd,.30 for labpr, and 20 profit. Not answered satisfactorily. No ans-wer. The duties on soap, candles, and alkali have no effect, as the raw Irial is loAver here than in Europe; goods made of such niaterial do 282 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. not nePd protection. White lead requires a duty; might manufacture at 12J per cent; duty; could certainly at 18 per cent. 30. Would probably ernploy bapital in agriculture. 31. A reduction of duties to 12J':per cerit. (except on white lead) would'"^ rather increase thari diminish his profits. . . 33, Varies; borrowed capital about 10 per cent. ,34. All may be taken off soap,-candles, alkali, tallow, and soap materials; on lead a gradual reduction to 18, or probably to 12J per cent. . 35, Thiriks,it would be extremely difficult to levy duties on actual value, as the A^aluations in some ports a r e 30 per cent, loAver than in others,/ . , ; 36. It would change the perpetrators of fraud from manufacturers to foreign importers. 37. Nine-five per cent, of the articles manufactured. ., 39. Probably 7 per cent. : \ / , 40. Probably 70 cents per day for men; Rochester, Monroe County. L . B.Langworthy, Collector; firom Lewis Selye, Mamfiacturer. ' . 1. Monroe county,'New York. 2. " M a c h i n e r y ; " water ppAver. , '^ ' ; /: ' 3. In 1821, Individual enterprise. . 4. Fifty thousand dollars, . 5. For material$12,000;; wages $18,000, 7. Increase of profit since 1842. " . ' •. 12. Forty men; average wages $1 50 per day, 13. TAVCIVC hours, per day, the whole year. 1.6. A portiori at the factory. 17; The competition is great. ' . . . 18. All in the United States. 20. Fpr cash and six months',credit; never bartered. 21. Increase since 1842 in labor, but mostly in niaterial. . . i 23. The present rate of duty is sufficient, to protect the manufacturer. 24. No clrarige necessary in collecting. ' . Monroe County. From Horatio N. Cwtis, Manufiacturer. 1. MonrPe courity. New York.. 2. Manufactory of wood, such as lasts, bootlrees, &c.; water poAver. 3. In 1841. Individual enterprise. 4.: Capital $50,000. . 5. Wages and material $50,000. 7. Busiriess increased, from protection afforded mariufacturers, &c, 12. Men 75, women 40, boys 25; Avages of men $1, women 37^ centsj and boys 25 cents per dayi 13. Ten hours the year round. - . • 16.^In the United Stales and Canada. • .20. Cash, and 4 months' credit; none bartered. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY, M—Continued, 283 i 23. The present tariff of duties prevents all competition. 24, No cliange is necessary, Monroe County. . L.B.Langmorthy, Collector, Rochester; firom D . S/' T, ' Graws, Mamifiacturers. ' . , 1. State of,"New York, Monroe county, 2. Leather. "Waterpower,, = 3 / I n 1830. Joint stock, 4. Capital $50,000, , .. 5/ Seventy-five thousand dollars* . 7, Canada tariff arid surplus stpck have caused a decrease. 12, Forty men; $1 per day, 13; Teri hours per day allthe year, ' 15, Seven horses.. 16, In part at home. 17, They do enter.into competition, ' /: ': 18, in the .United States and Canada, 19, To Canada, 2.0, Cash, and 4 months'credit; no barter, 21, Decrease, because of a surplus. 23. An increased amountof duty is necessary. 24. No change is necessary. . '. 29. " I t would cause us to abandon our business." 30 io 40,. Not answered. Monroe County. L . B. Langworthy; firom D. R. Barton, Manufiacturer, 1. State of NCAV York, county of Monroe. 2. Mechanics' and agricultural tools. Water poAver. . 3. In 1831. Private. 4. Capital $32,000. 5. Fifteen thousand dollars; . '••. ; 6. About 20 per cent. . ' 7. Increased; owing chiefly .to the protective pohcy of the'Government. . '9. Began Avith abbut $4,000—noAV about $30,000. : 12. About 35 men; $1 per day. 13. Ten hours per day the entire year. • 14. In foreign countries about 25 cerits per day. . "l^. None. • ^- •;;.' 16. At home. : • .• 17. " T h e y d o ; but being inferior articles, theycannot coriima:nd the liigh price w e are enabled to obtain; Without the prptection at present afforded bj^ the Governmerit Ave could not successfullycompete Avith the oreign manufacturer—the difference of AV ages being so great." 8. Chiefly in this and the westerri States. . . . A' fcAV to England for manufiacturers'' samples, and a small arnount nada for competition. . . . . Forcash, and 4 months''credit. . • 284 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued, 21. It has decreased iri price; but the profits are as great, owing to the increased demand and the experience in manufacturing. , 23. " The present'rates of duty on the articles we manufacture are as low as AV ould enable us to compete with the foreign article, so much of the cost being in labor." 24. Knows of none. . 25. About 16 per cent. ^ 29. It would; Ave can now make, more pfofit on foreign articles than on those of our own make. 30. In purchasing and vending the foreign article. 31. " I don't knoAv; Yankees are disposed to try.'' 32 to 40. Not ansAvered., » • Rochester, Monroe County. ' . . • • - . • . L . B.Langivorthy, Collectqr; firom Roswell G, Benedict, Manufiacturer. , ' • 1. State of New York, county of Monroe. v 2. Castings, wrought irPn., machinery, &c. Water power. 3. In 1832. Individual enterprise. 4. Fifty thousand dollars. .:: . v , . 5. Fifty thousand tw^o hundred and twentyTthree dollars. jy 7. Increase; caused by the price of iron* 12. Fifty-seven men; average wages, per day, $1 25. . 13; Ten hours the whole yeaf, , . 16. At home and abroad. • 17. No competition. . 19. Exported to the Canadas. .- . 20. Cash, and credit 6 months; barter for agricultural products.. 23. A reduced rate of duty on Scotch pig iron is necessary. ,24. No change is necessaiy. / 25 to 40. Not answered. * .' : Monroe County. From Gatens ^ Price, Manufiacturers. 1. State of New York, county of Monroe.. 2. Woolen factory; water power. 3. In 1845; joint stock. 4. Capital, $31,000. 5. Twenty-six thousand dollars material; five thousand dollars wages. 7. Increase caused by the low price of WOOL 12. Nine men, 12 women, and 10 children; Avages—men, $ 1 ; women, 50 cents; children, 25 cents; , '...''•••. 13. TAvelve hours per day, the whole year. ,. . 23. The present rate of duty. ,24. No change necessary. " 25 to 40. Not ansAvered. . NOTE.—L. B. LangAvorthy, Esq., enclosing the "above answers, s | ' Without professing to be auficuctin the just views of a financia"" 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 285. M-—Continued. protecting systern of duties, I cannot see the fallacy of taking the ground, as a basis br general rule^ that all those articles which Ave possess the most ample ability to manufacture, and for w.hich we produce the raAV material in abundance, and of which the material is the principal item of value, are the true subjects ofi protection;' and all those articles of Avhich we do not produce the raAV material, or not in abundance, and of which the chief value corisists in labor, should be taxed only nominal duties, if at all—else, to operate as a protection against the pauper labor of Europe, the duty must be excessive and unjust, and the prices exorbitant. " The IOAV 5 per cent, wool duty must, I conceive, be abolished, arid the higher grades reduced; it is all a sham—the plea for the admission o f t h e cheap wool o f t h e South American States for; carpet purposes. Urider it the greatest possible frauds on the fevenue are practised,.by means of double agerits.; the last agent m?ioce?^% purchasirig of the ffrst agerit, who actually sells the supercargo, or agent, AVOOIS worth 30 cents for 7 ; and all the ceremony of drafts actually passes in good faith on one part, and all the proofs are easily made complete Avithout any false swearing. At ouri late State fair, I saw 16 samples of the large lot of Lowell wool, (lately seized by the GPverrimerit agents,) both in tiie.rough and Avashed state; it Avas fuUy equal to bur 30 cerit | blooded, merino AVool, and in the grease could ribt lose rnore than 33 per cent.; a monstrous fraud riot orily On the 'Goverriment, but upon the gxbAversin the . cbtiritry, if pf otectiori is an item of consideratiori, which I coriceive to- be gopd doctrine. If any class is lb be protected, the agricultural productions ha.Ye the ^troho^est claitn.''^ ' Oswego County. ^George H.-McWhorter, GoUector; firom WiUiam Foster, Manufiacturer,, -1. State of NCAV York, OsAvego cburity. 2. Hemlock sole leather. . ': 3. in 1831;: private concern. 4. Capital, $50,-000; of which $12,000 is invested in buildirigs, riiachinery, and water pPAver. ' 5. Thirty thousarid dbllars,for the purchase of rnaterials, and $8,000 for the paymerit df wages. .- . 6. 'For the last three years the "anriual profit has been but a fi-action above 7 per cent. 7. The usual profit is from 12 to 20 per cent., arid the cause of the decrease is the bver^pfeduction; or supplygreater than demand. -9. About $50,000 AvPrth pf sole leather per annum; descriptipn and quality hght in comparison Aviththe English afticle. 10. About $30,000, or $35,000 per annum of foreign hides, and about ),"000 bf bark and wood frorii our own forests. From 25 to 30 riien. New York arid Boston. There is no :foreigri-: competition that affects prices. ; In every part of the Union, : 286 ^ REPORTS OF THE [1845. M:—Continued. 19. Considerable has been exported to England this season. 20. Generally sold on a.credit of from 4 to 6 rnonths. 23. No duty whatever.. The duty imposed by our tariff of 6 cerits per ppund on sole leather is totally, inoperative for protection or revenue, for the simple reason that Ave can manufacture at a less price than any other nation; and so long as it remains on the list of duties it will be one of the items of import which justify retahatory duties by other Governments. . " • . 25. Answered in answers to 3d, 6th, and 7th questions. 26. AiiSAvered in ansAver to 5th question. . ^ 27. Cannpt say. . 29, 30. AnsAvered in 23d. 31. If the British Gpvernment keeps the trade free Ave can undersell them in their OAvn markets. B u t should the: British Government impose the same duty which is iniposed by our.tariff it Avould prohibit the trade. 32 to 40. Not ansAvered.., . Cayuga. County. . George H."McWhorter, Collector; firom R. Muer, Manu-^ facturer, ' . • * ' • * ' . • . • 1. Cayuga county, NCAV York. 2. Two cotton riiills, for spinning yarn and weaving cloth, 4r-4. sheetings,-and 3-4 shirtings,yarns No.. 16, and 18; water poAver. . 3. The one at Auburn was commericed in 1818, the other at Moravia in 18—; the first a private cpncern, the other joint stock, 4. Buildings, Avater power,' &c., at Auburn, $8,000; buildings for the operatives and land, $5,000; machinery, &c., $12,000. * / 5. About $5,000 in cash, for the purchase of cotton, oil, and wpod, and. the paymerit pf wages. . . ^6..From 1828 tP 1840 about 7 per cent., all of -which was used in repairs and supplying new machinery, &c. Since 1841 has paid in improvements and interest about 20 per cent. 7. The increased profits arise principally from the reductiori in .the price of cotton, a small. percentage in labor, and the goods selling at about the prices as when,cottbn was 4 cents a pound higher. 8. In improved farms, 4 to.5 per cent.; bank stock, 9 per cent.; railroads, 9 and lO per cent.; money at legal interest, 7 per cent. • ' . 9. About 180,000 yards of 4-4 sheeting, 120,000 yards 3-4 shirting,, made from No. 18 yarn; the 4-4 sells from 7 to 7J cents per yard;. 3-4 shirtings from 5 \ to 51: cents a yard, running measure. , . 10. The* quaritity of cotton used is about 130,000 lbs., valued at 6^ to 7J cents per pound,, groAvth pf the United States; about 300 gallons sperm oil, at 90 cerits per gallon;.and 100 cords of wood,^ at from $2 25 to $2 50 per cord. 11. None such irnported; the valueof such sheetings at Marichestei^ England, is.about 4dcsterling, or 7f br 8 cents per yard., 12. About 8 rnen, 26 women, and 20 boys and girls under 16 ye of a^e. Men's wages average $1,20 per day; wornen's 50 cents,j children from 25 to 33 cents per day. 1845.] • S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 287 M—-Continued. 13. Thirteen hours in all seasons. 14. Laborers' wages in the field-about 60 cents per day; Avornen, for common Avork, 30. Cannot say as to the othef States and Territories. 16. A large, part are sent aAvay to a riiarket; some to. Buffalo, 130 miles, thence to Canada; some to NCAV York, ihence tb China and South America; those sold ^at horne are for consumption. New York is 320 miles distant. . • 17. There is no foreign competition, as regards these goods. ' 18. Consumed all; over the Uriited States. 19. Almost all the 3-4 shirtings are sold for the South American market; some have gone to China. ' 20. " They are mostly sold by commission merchants^ always for cash,: after a credit of 6 and 8 months-^mostly at 8:months' credit." -o 21. The cost has generally decreased, principally in laAv cotton, by improvements in machinery, and a small percentage in labor. 22. The prices of sheetings and ^ shirtings have changed from 6 to 10 cents per yard. The cause of fluctuation has ahvays been controlled by the high or low price of cott.on. ^ 23. It would require rio duty, or at least a very small one, to carry on this factory; the sheetings weigh about. 1 lb. to every 3 yards. . 24. None imported. ,/ 25. Theprofits^ for the last threeyears are fully 20 per cent., besides keeping the machiriery in repair.: . ' .' . .26. About three-fifths for raw material, cotton, oil, and. wood; about three-teriths for labor.; residue interest, profits, and commission. . • 27. About 40 bbls. of flour for starch, or its equivalerit in potato starch. 28. Canriot say.: • .29. It would make no difference; would continue at less prices, and at one-half the present prpfits. 30. It would still be more profitable than farming. 31. Knows, of none. . ' 35. About 90 to 95 per cent. • i 37. Aniourit manufactured is greater than the amount consumed in the United States. NOTE.;—The above answers will apply to the Moravia: mills; the goods find the sarne.markets. Sheetings are mostly made at this nii.il fromyarns No 16. . It produces about 350,000 yards per annum.: Last year it made in profits 21 per cent/ to its- stockholders, besides expending $3,000 for.new machinery; this year it will pay 25 per cent on its capital. In the. last 16. years great losses have been sustained by the, manufacturer in consequence of the high prices paid, for raw cotton. The fluctuations of the tafiff have had little or no effect upon this kind of goods. Oneida. George H. McWhorter, CoUector; firom Kellogg Hurlburt, Agent ofi New Hartford-: Cotton Mills, 1, Oneida county. New York, 288 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. : M-—Continued. 2. Cotton shirtings; water power, 3. Comriienced in 1812; joint-stock concern. ,- 4, 5. Capital about $60,000, exclusive of about $20,000 reserved profits, used for purchase of stock, and paying Avages and other current expenses. 6. Has had no immediate charge of this factory till within the last eight years; but from Avhat knowledge he has, is inclined to think the annual net profits riiay have been, previous to 1837, frPm .6 to 8 per cent. Sirice 1837 the profits have been very irregular, varying from a positive loss in one or tAvo years, tb 15, 20, and even '25,per cent, in others. During the la.st tAvo years the profits have been nearly or quite at the latter fate. 7. The changes in the general conditiori of the trade of the countr}^ and consequerit fluctuation of prices of goods and raw material. 8. Unable to state. 9. For the last few years about $60,000 in value, •wholly unbleached sheetings, now Avorth 7 cents per yard. 10. About $25,000 worth of cotton, and perhaps $3,000 Avorth of other rnaterials almost exclusively of dornestic products. 11. No goPds of similar description imported. . . , 12. Eighteen men, average wages about $1 25 per day; 60 girls', at 45 cents per day.; 20 boys, at 50 cerits per day; all boarding themselves. 13. Twelve hours a day the whole year. 14. Cannot say; but thinks tiie Avages in this factory better than in other employments. • 15. None, except for a small amount of team work. 16. Mostly at home; a small portion sent to New York and Boston. , 17.None. , 18. Answered in 16. ^ 19. Large quantities of goods, sirnilar to thPse made at this factory, are exported to foreign couritries; Chiria, India, South Americaj nortliwest coast of America,^ West Indies, Mediterranean, :&G. 20. Partly for cash, but mostly on credit of 6 to"8 months. 21. A gradual decrease has occurred in the cost of labor, owing partly to diminished Avages paid, but mostly to improved inachinery, and a gi'eater skill and experierice in the operations. A yard of goods can be manufactured now,-without regard to the cost of materials, for little riiore than half what it Cost 10 years ago. The cost of cotton has varied within the time from 18 to 6 cents,' such as is used in this factory. It is noAv Avorth about 8 cents. 22. In 1813 such •sheetings were worth about 40 centsper yard; in 1816 abbut 25 cents; from which price . they "gradually declined, with various fluctuations, till, in 1842, they were Avorth but 6J cents; since Avhich time the price has improved, and they are now worth 7 J cents on time, or 7 to 7^ cerits cash. : 23. No duty whatever is required to sustain the manufacturer of such goods, or of the heavier sorts of plain cotton goods. 24. Answered above. 1845.] • SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. "^ M--^Cbritiriiied. . •' ' ° ' ° 28# ^ ; , 25. Previously answered. ''" 26. At the present, price of:cotton, (say 8 cents: per pourid,), about 3-7ths fpr material, 2-7ths for labor, and 2-7ths profits^ It sho'uld be remarked, ho wever, that the rate of profits for the last, t w e years^ has been unprecedentedly large, OAving to various causes, which carinot con* tinue long. ^ The extensive preparations noAvin progress, and rapidly coming into us^,'must very greatly reduce .the present rate of profits, in the course of one or two years, by the competition which will be created i n i h e cotton rhanufactrire. 27. Exclusive of cotton,^only" so rriuch as: is necessary fe;f the siistenance of ol 0,0 persons^ einployed and their families.: : * 28. Has no rrieans of answeringc ' 2 9 i o 31. Has ansAvered. . 32. Cannot answer. 33. Capital $60,000; reserved profits $20,000; none borrowed. 34; Any addition or dimiriution of duties Avould be altogether inoperative, directly, in this business. What indirect effect a feductiori of duties on other manufactures might hav'e- Pri this, he canriPf say. ' 35, About 86 per cent, on the kind of goods madC' here. " 36 to 40. Cannot answer. Oneida.r From Geo, H,. McWhorter, Collector;:Manchester Cotton'Factory, 1. State of New Yorky Orieida county. . :.: : 2. Cotton sheetings; AV ater power. . \ . :, "••?,-;;3;-In-1814j-joint stock;'' -•'^:\ "^/-••.-•/>- ,/' . •' ' 4 , 5 . Capital $10J&yOOOv exclusive of $18^000^ reseryed p purchase stock arid pay wages, &c. 6. For the last four years the average annual prPfits have bePn about 10 per cerit. 9. For thelast four years $3^^000 per year, wholly fof sheeting^ aiid drillings. 10. About $20,000 worth^of cotton, and $4,000 worth df other goods, all domestic. > — 11. None imported of this description. 12. Ten men, 25 boys and girls; wages for men .$l<per day; boys and girls 38 cents. . • . 13. Twelve hours per day the-whole year*15.: Noncy except for team.work. . ; 16. Mostly sold in New York, and some at hoirie; 17.-None."; •': / ^" •18. Answered in M . ; 19/. Large quantities^ siriiiiar to oursy exported' to China:, India?, Sbuth America, nbrthwest Coast of America, West Indies, Mediterranea!n,,^C.. 20. ^ Principally for c a ^ , but sonie ori a Credit of 60^ to- 9§ days; 22. For the last four 5^ears prices hayp" ranged from^ 6f to.) 8f centsper yard; now worth 8J cents. 23. Thinks no duty necessary bn such goods as are made al this-factory, or on any of the heavier sorts^ of plain cotton goods; VoL.v.—19. : 290 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. ' ? . . • -' ' ' ' • . , o'" 25. Previously answered. 26. At tire present pfice of cotton, (say 8 cents per pound,) about 3-7ths for material, 2.-7ths fbr labor, and 2-7ths for'profits. 27. Only so much of agricultural productions (exclusive of cottori) as are necessary for the support of the persons emplpyed in the factory; .-28.. Cannot say. .: '/ • ':o,.^ '29. Shpuld continue to manufacture;. •'• '\ - ' '.^P, :\. c- , 30, 31, 32- Not answered; , i > :_ / . ; ''^' •'• 33/ Capital $100,000, reserved prpfits $18,000; none borrowed, t , ' 35. About 86 per cent, on the goods manufactured at Ihis.plaee. , 36 to 40. Not answered. . . ^ "> *•, . / oo: ^-.(j:^,:^,,^' • Oneida. : . - • • • • ' • • • • : ^ ^ • • • « ' ; - " • : / - o " From George H . McWhorter, Collector; New York Mills, [Upper • • Mill.) ..-•-.. :fifi - - . • • • . ' ' - ' • ' * . " , - ' ' • . ' • 1. New York, county pf Oneida. 2. Cptton; Avater.power. 3. In 1813; not a joint-stock concern. ' , 4. Seventy-five thousand dollars. : . 5. Seventy-five thousa.nd dollars arinually. • 6. Not over 7 per cent.; none borrowed. 7. The changes of policy in the administration of the Governriient of the country has been the great cause of. fluctriations in business matters. 8. Unable to say. ... 9. Eight hundred thousand yards of cotton goods annually; princi:pally heavy jeans for paritaloons; average value 18 cents. 10. Five hundred and twenty bales cotton annually; $32,500. : •' 11. From 15 to 25^cents. From Great Britain and.France. 12. 33 men, 102 Avomen, 36 boys and girls; average wages of men $7 50 per week, women $2 75,^ boys, &c.,-.$l 75. to $2 per week. 13. Twelve hours all the year. • " . . . . : 14. Cannot ansAver. .. • , . • 15. Two horses; 16. Articles manufactured sent to: New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, : , • -• • - :' 17. They do tb some extent. ' ' .. 18. Principally in the United States.):, 19. Not aware of any expPrtalion. ' • ^ . : : 20. All at eight months'credit. " ' 21. The cost of the inanufactured article has decreased iri consequence ofthe improvements in machinery, and depreciation iri. the .price of the raw material; but the decrease in the pricepf thegoPds hasbeen greater than on the cost. " . -22. Prices have varied from six to tAventy cents; . - 2 3 . : The present rate, and not less. , 24. Not aAV are of any, : ^^ . . • .. .s ' 2 5 . ' No dividends. / . '• ' . ^. 26. One-third labor; one-haif raw. material. ' ' 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 291 . M—Continued. . 27. From $12,000 to $15,000 anriually. ' 2 8 . Unable to answer. 29/ Abandon the business. . , . . . . 30. Uncertaim If the prpperty could be made, available, should want to look about and ascertain what would pay best; not in manufacturing. 3 1 . Y e s , '• . i-\/-; . / • •-'.-; 32. Should think not. The facilities for transportation are so great that the manufactures of salt and iron can hardly be so remote as to be Ayithout the circle of foreign ;Competition.. 33,to 40, Not answered. . . • Oneida County. From George H . McWhorter, CoUector; Oneida Manufiactwring Society, 1. Oneida county. New York. , 2, Cotton; water power. 3,. In 1809; joint stock, 4. Capital, about $100,000, 5. Amount of materials, about $40,000;, wages, $30,000, 6. No borrowed capital; average rate of interest is four per cent.: 7. A very great variety of causes. 8. Not knowri. . .9. Principally domestic sheetings; as nearly as can be ascertained, about $80,000. ' _. 10. Cotton averaging fairT—amount about $35,000v . . 11. No cottons are noAv imported of a similaf description; formerly, an article: for which.this is a substitute was irripprted from China at a -cost of from three to four shillings per yard. 12. Thenumber of meri, women, and children, is about one huridred and fifty;-, The average wages of men is aboutIAVeive shilhrigs per d a y ; womeri four shillings per d a y ; and children tAvo shillings. , 13t TAVCIVC hours per day the whole year. • ,^ 14. In this State,.should say, meri eight shillings; women, three shillings; children nPt generally employed. . , 15. One span of horses, and no other anirnals. 16. The manufactured goods mostly find a market in- the vicinity of the factory. 17. No foreign article, to any extent, enters into competition with the description of gopds made at tills factory. . 18., Throughoutthe country generally. . 19. Similar goods are extensively exported to China, South America, and many other corrntries. 20. Both cash and credit from three to eight months. 21. The. cost of the article has decreased, both iri the material arid the expense of manufacturing, by the intrpduction of labor-saving niachinery, Tiie labor has not materially varied. 22. The price, since the establishment, has varied very materially— frorn fifty cents per yard to seven cents, ;In 1809 the same kind of fabric 292: R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845» M—Continued. then sold for fifty cents—would riot be worth now more than seven cents. • ^ . 23. From twenty-five to thirty per cent. 24. As there are no goods of the description made at this factory imported which directly enter into, competition, no changeiri levying or collecting the duty is necessary while we have the control of the home market. 25. The rate of profits, for the last two years, has been about twelve and a half per cent.; for the threeyears previous, nothing; and, in many instances, worse than nothing. 26. About fifty per cent, materials, &c., and about thirty per cent^ labor; arid, for the last three years, ten pef cent, profits. 27. The amount of agricultural production consumed in many ways may be $70,000. 28. Cannot say. 29. " I verily believe if the duty were reduced to twelve and' a half per cent, generally, we should have to abandon:the business.'^ 30 to 40. Not answefed. New Hartfiord^ Oneida County, From George H, McWhorter, Collector; Half Century Manufiaetwing Gompany, 1; Oneida counly, New York. 2. Cottpn; water power. 3. Commencetl in 1826—enlarged in^ 1830; joint stock. 4. Capital, $10,000. 5. Capital employed for stock and wages of hand^Sy $4,000; 6. Not known—but some years a: loss, OAving to fluctuations in trade; other years, froni fiA^e to twenty per cent. 7. The changes in trade and consequent fluctuations of prices of good^:s and ofthe raw materiak 8. Unable to state. 9; Amount nianufacturedy$15'j000;r—goodsj six-quarter bed/ticking, wicking, and batting. At this time, say:$14,000 in tickirigj and $1,000 in wicking. W, Quantity, fift3rlwa thousand pounds of cotton, at this tiriie worth ajbout $5,OOQ, exclusively domestic. Other materials, $1,0:00, mostly d!omestic. . ' " 11. No goods o f a similar description are imported. 12. Four men, | 1 each per day; eight girlsy at $1 75^per A^reek ;^ eight boysj at $ 1 25 per Aveek. 13. Twelve hours a day the year round. 14. Not known. 15.. One horse at horiie, and teamirig b y others as=wanted<, 16/ City^ofNew-Ybrfcmostly^:; distance 25:0^ miles. 17. None. 18. Mostly in the State of New-York, ' ^ 19. A few may b e sent to China and South America, 1845.] . ,,; S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. . ^ ; !M—Centinued. : 2m f ; 20. Some sold for cash; sorne:on 6/and'8 months' time. . 2 1 . Decreased ajbout one-balf in cost, owing to the decline of labor and stock, and the imprpvements in machinery.'• . 22; Our gPods have varied from 56 to 15 cents'since we comuienced; are worth now 2 2 i to 23 cents per vard, bri 8 months' credit, in New Y o r k - ; • ; . • . ; . • . ^--••.•••• ••-• • - : - ^ -; r ^ • . / ^ / . ..•'. . 2 3 . W e do ript know of any goods similar to ours beirig impprted.; consequently no foreign competition; b u t \ v e go up of down Avith finer factories., A^^liich have competition from abroad .and .need some pf otectiori^; -fi/:' • ••^,.; • /'•_ . ' '• ; . ^.-' ': '•:.-'. • .' 24:. Not known. . / • l 25, Three years ago run at aloss, andtill the fall of 1843 the-sarne;. since that time froiri 15 to 25 per cent, profits :have been.realized. • . 26. Cost of cotton, a t present rates, $80,,and Avages to hands, &G., about $50, pef Aveek. . . . ': 27, .The excbange for produce at this, e'stablishment is sufficient to ,support:20 persons and the families to whicii they belong. 28. Confined mostly to New. York State; .amount riot knowni ..^9, .Cannot say. i 30. Accbrding tp: our best judgment. 31, 32, CannotteU, . .. , ^ 33. Ten thousand dollars capital; $4,000 stock in trade, and $2,000 t)PrroAved, : 34 to 40.'Cannot answer. ^ Oneida County. . 1, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. c e n t . From George H.fiMcWhorter, Collector; FranM Fcictory, hy A. Brownell &" Co. , Cotton Oneida county. New York. ' ,. / . : Cottpn,: Water poAvef. In 1826.. Individual concern. Present capitar$50,000. Materials about $20^000. Wst^es about $15,0^0^^^^ No borrowed capitak Average rate of interest is about 4 per • ••••. _. • . .' • ,"• _ • • . , .'•' . .^ . , - • ' '• - . - '• 7. A variety of causes. 8. Not known. ' 9. Domestic sheetings and shirtings about $40,000» .10; Cotton, middling fine; aniount about $16,000, 11. None ofa similar description irnported., : 12. Numbef of men, women, and childf en, about 100, The average wages of men about $1 25 per day;.women 44 cents.; children.22 cerits, - \ - . . - ' ' • ' • ' .. :• •.. 13. Twelve hours per day the whole year. 14. In this State children are riot generally,employed; but men's wages say $1, and women's 37^ cents per day. 15. Three horses. 16. No; the manufactured goods are generally sent aboutr^SO miles to New York city.. 294 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M-—^^Continued. 17. Not to any extent, of the kind made here. 18. Through the country generally, and exported. 19. To South Arnerica, China, and othef countries. * 20. Credit generally, and at 8 mpnths-principally. 21: The cost of the article has decreased fi'ornyear to year, both iii the manufactured article. and expense of manufacturing, by the introduction of labor-saving machiriery. The price, of labor has not riiaterially varied. / / . ' 22. The prices of our goPds have varied—say from 11 cents per yard to 6J cents in 4-4 goods; and the shirtings in about the sarrie proportion. 23. Probably about .30 per cent./ 24. Np change is necessary while we have the privilege of the home market. ./ " _: 25. The rate of profits for the last tAvo years may have been 11. per cent.; but say, for the last three years previous very trifling, if anything. 26. About 50 per cent, rnaterials, &c., and about 30 per cerit. labor; and for the last 3 years 9 per cent, profits. 27. The amount of agricultural productions cons.umed in various Avays may be about $34,000, cotton included. .28. Not possessed of inforrnation. 29. Most likely wiU have to abandpn the business. 30 to 40. Cannpt answer/ . .^ Oneida County. From George H . McWhorter, Collector; Stone Manuelfiactory. . 1.,Oneida county. New York. 2. Cotton sheetings and drilhngs; ^water power. 3. In 1844; individual/ .4. Twenty thousand dollars. 5. Materials fbf Pne week, $144; wages, $1.87 -13." " 6 to 9. Cannot ariswer. 10. TAVO thousand pounds cotton per Aveek; value $144. 12. Seventeen menat $1 12 J per day; 21 women at $2 75 per week; 13 children at $1 l 2 J : per week. 13. Twelve hours per day; every day.. 15. Four horses employed. 16. Two hundred and eighty niiles to a rnarketu. 17. No competition. 18. 19. Cannot answer. ^ 20. Sold at 8 months'credit. 22. Five and three-fourths cents per yard. / 25. Has been in operation only a year. . / 26. Cotton, $144; laborj $187 13; profit for capital, $50 per Aveek^" 27. Agricultural; other than cotton, $80. .28 to 32.'Cannot answer. ^ . 33. Four thousand doUars, borrowed; $16,000 real. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 295 M-—Continued. ^ 34 to 39. Not ansAvered. 40. Cannot say. - ': . - Oneida County.. George: H. Mc Whorter, Collectpr; firom M. T. Eggleston^ Superintendent ofi Utica Cotton Manufiacturing. Company. . 1. .County.of Oneida, New York.; •;• . . 2 . Cotton. - ' : • ; 3. About the year 1812; joint-stock company. 4. Capital, $100,000. ; ' . .5, Value of materials about $35,000; wages j $25,000. 6, As near as can be asceftained, about 3 per cent, 7, Various causes, ., 8, Does not knoAV, . v 9, As near as'can be ascertained, the value o f t h e manufactured article, as answered in No. 2, is $60,000, 10. Cotton, about $25,000, at the present low prices... • 11.. None/ • ' '..,.'." 12. About 150; average wages of men, IO5. per day ;/women, 4^, per day; children, 20 cents. .' ., 13. Twelve and a half hours a l l t h e year*. . 14. In this State about 65. per day; women. I5. .6.6?. A^ 15. One span ofhorses; 16. NeAV Yorkand Philadelphia markets; a small portion at home, 17.° None impprted. -^ • .. 18. United States, East Indies, and South America. 19. Answered in 18. 20. Cash, and credit on 8 months. ^ 2 1 , The cost has. decreased iriaterially by the: irifrodubtion of laborsaving inachinery. . • ' 0 " ' • ^'^ 22. Previous to the introduction of power-looin%, slieptirigs Averp sold for 50 cents per yard, inferior in quality. .',% :,... . >. .23.; Thirty per cent. ^ 'fi • ' - ' . ^ ^5. , : / . :24. No means .of knowing. \ . , ',-,..". ; , .. 25. AbputolO per cent'profits have been expended iri improvemeiits for the last three years,. " . . 2 6 . About 50 per cent, materials, 40 per cent, iabor, and 10"per Cent, profits. ' ; 27. About $50,000. . " • 29. Would cause an abandonment of present business. (, 30..,Cannot say. " .• ' '. -. 31. .None.^ ' ' "• .-^' .'^ '' . " •' ' 32 to 40. Cannot say. Oneida County. George H.- McWhorter, Collector; firorn S. Newton Deleter, • Agent ofi the Oriskany Manufacturing Company, . 1. Oneida county. New Yprk. 2„ For the manufacture of broadcloths; water power/ 296 R E P O R T S OF T H E • [1845. M-HGontinued, "^ 3. In 1811. Joint stpck. . 4. Capital $110,000. 5. Not answered. 6. Notable to say ;.profits better, however, than fornierly. 7. Since the tariff of .1842, haye increased in skill arid had a better market for the goods. From 1837 to 1842 (except 1838 and 1840) lost rnoney. * 8. Has not the means of answering this question. . 9. Not able to say for want of proper records, . , 10, Use none but American wool,-and of this about 210,000 l b s , " worth this year about $70,000. The yalue of all other materials, such as soap, dye-stuffs, oil, fuel, teazle, urine, iron, lumber, &c.;, in. 1844, $16,356 09; all these articles were of American growth, except the dye-stuffs and whale oil, amounting tp about $3,700. 11. Not answered.' ^ • . 12/ 49 men, 58 Avomen, .26 boys.and girls. Wages for men is 8 8 | cents per day; wpmeri, 47 cents; children, 31 cents per day.. 13.. Five days in the week, 12 hburs; Saturdays, 11 hours. ^' , . 15. Two hours. 16. About 35 percent, sold at the factory; the residue: sent to Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. 17. Foreign articles do enter into competitiori, and to a very great extent; but to what extent unable to say. ' ' • IS.'In nearly allthe States and Territories of the Union, 19. Knows of none having been exported.. 20. Some sold for cash, some bartered for wool or other materials, but • the greater part sold on eight months' credit in the cities narned above.. 21. The cost of^thp manufactured article has decreased. This is partly owing to ciriorP^'skillful management, and partly owing: to the re-' duced price of the raw materials and the improvements in riiachinery. 22. Not able.to stated •:'-^ ^ ,^'' . > v/^ ^23. j^ot less thanthe present duty. '^^^ . -24. <i Cannot say. t ' .25. There have been only three dividends of five per cent each, since 'October 28, 1841; no particular sum has been reserVed Br^set^apart; have made improvements worth $6,000 or $7,000^; capital has not otherwise increased from profits. ' . In the year 1844 the expense of. labor, including agent and superintend- . . . ent's salaries . ,................. . . , . . . . . . . . . , $24,763 9 3 ^ ^ Materials, exclusive of wool. „. ....;.. 16,356 09 -^ Wool.... : . , . . . . 71,451 '4:&/a Insurance- and interest p a i d . , . ^ ^ , . , . . . . . . . 112,571 4 8 " 6,190 53 $118,762 01 Profits not >oyer 10 per pent. 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE.TREASURY. 297 M—-Continued. 27. Believes the .company consuriies of agricultural prbdubtioris, annually, from $80,000 to $83,000, besides what is consumed by persons in its employ. 29. Should abandon the business. ' 30. Cannot tell. .;;V : =31:. Many, he has no doubt. 33. H e has very little iriforrnation on the subject. 33. Capital is $110,000, and generally oAve nearly half as rnuch more. 34. As there is not now. realized an income of six per cent, on, real capital, could not if the duties were less. 35/ The minimum pririciple dpes not apply to broadcloths. : 36 to 40; Cannot answer. y"^ Oneida County, George H, McWhorter, Collector; firom S, Newton Dexter, Agent ofi the Dexter Manufiacturing Company i \ 1. State pf New, York, Oneida county. 2. Woolen;; water po>yer. -: . ' :' . i / 3. In 1834; joint ;St0ck. \ •.' . 4. About$40,000, -^ "'''\i /; .5. Materials, $12,291 17; Av:a:geSj $17,859, This is exclusive of wooi, / .6. There have been dividends to the amount of 40,per cent, 7.. The tariff, a ;bettef market for .goPds, and more skill in making. 8. Cannot tell. . • 9. In 1844 made 46,525 yards of broadcloth, at an average value of about $1.55 per yard; cannot say of preyious years, 10. Use none but Americari wool, and-of :this last year 116,250 lbs. The value of all other materials, as stated above,, is $12,291 1.7:. •12.. Twenty-nine: rnen, 30 women, 12. girls,, and 20 boys; average wages 55 J cen.ts. 13. Twelve hours 5 days each week, a n d : l l hours one day. 15, Two horses. 16, About 33 per cent, are sold at the factory; the residue in B.altir more, Philadelphia,iVew York, and Boston. 17, Foreign articles do enter into competitipn to a yery great extent. --18. In nearly, if notin all the States.and Territories. 19. These are riot exported, . ... " ' : " . . - . \ 30. The goods are sold and bartered in almost every way^, (that is, those^that are sold at the. factory,) for cash, on a credit, or fpr fuel, -tesizles. Sec,fi•''•.•'•• . •-•. /; '..J^;." %21.. The costohas decreased,. oAving to greatef skill in the manufa:cture, the reduced pribe of materials, and improyed machinery. 2-3. The preserit duty is low enough. 24, Has .no| giyen his-atterition to the,subject, ;; , ; 25, SinceDl839. aodiyidend of 20. per cent.; should estimate'abbut 20 per centi has been added in buildings arid machinery out of the profits since 1834—say ^|)^5per^en$. in aik 26, At this time^shojLi|d tj^n\ about 65 ..per cerit, for materials, la^Q>r 23 per cent.—-liaving about ol2 per cent, for profit. . ,, 298 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845.. M—Continued. 27. Cannot tell exactly, but thinks about $54,500. 29. Should abandon the business as soon as he could. • 31. Believes there are many. ' ' 33. Capital paid in is $30,000, and frequently owe as much as $25,000, and sometimes more. ./ 34. Profits probably Avilfnot be sixper cent., even at the presen trate of duties; this year they, will probably amount tp 12 or 15 per cent., in consequence pf the IOAV price of American wool. : 35. It would not affect bis business. • ; . 36 to 40. Not answered. . , Oneida County,-. ' George H . McWhorter, Collector; firom .Alfred Thompsori, Agent ofi Oriskany Falls Woolen Factory. 1. New York, Oneida county, , 2. Woolen; water power. • 3. In 1834; joint stock. : ' 4. Capital $6,000, in ground, buildings, machinery, & c . ' 5. Four thousand doUars; reserved profits used for purchasing stock and paying wages, &c. 6. The concern has manufactured at a. loss until 1841; since then should think from 12 to 15 per cent, profit has been, realized.. 7. The changes arid fluctuations of trade. 8. None. 9. Amount $12,000; wholly woolen goPds, worth 55 cents per yard. 10. Seven thousand dollars worth of, wool; $500 of other materials; all domestic production. 11. None of the kind of gPods made at this factory are imported. 12. Six men, average Avages 88 cents per day; five girls, 40 cents per day. . ° 13. Twelve hours per day; ten months in the year. 14. The rate of wages in this district i s altogether higher than in foreign couritries. , : ' 15. None. , ' .fi ^ ^ 16,. SentmPstly to New York; some are consumed at the factory. 17. None.••• 18. Answered in 16. ^ 19. Some are sent to Canada, and sPme to Illinois and the }vestern States. • ^ • _ ; - ' • •. \ , o : ' : ° \ . 20. Partly for cash and partly for credit; those sold^Pn credit frbriioSix.to eight months, i • : . ' . ' '^ •* ^'oC 21. The reduction in the expenses of business, improvements irf m^. chinery, and the red.uced price of stock, have occasioned a decrease''. 22. Sold the cloth for 68 cents up to 1840; ^ince that tirne fore53 cents. 23. None of this kind are imported, therefore needsmo protection/** .24... Cannot say. . - - . , • : fi^ •• ^ . f i ^ . ' - ' ' _ : • .;• 25. Previously answered, as far as couldobe.j > o^o : oo . 26. Present price of wool 27 cents per oponn4; th|;ee-^fths for material, one-fifth labor, and one-fifth p r o f i t . ' o ,. ^ o" o 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E T R E ASURY. 299 M—Continued. 27. Six hundred dollars, the aggregate amount of the productions used at this establishment; ordinary sustenance of'20 persons. 2810 32. Cannot say. \ ; 33. Capital $6,000; borrowed $4,000. 34 to 40. Not answered. ' Oneida County. George.H^.McWhorter, Collector; '' ' Factory, 1. State of New York,, Oneida county. . 2. Woolen; water and steam power. • 3. In 1817. .. -. •, . .- . 4. Twenty-five.thousand dollars. : 5. Wages and materials, $21,000 ; wages, $7,005. . / 6. Nothing. : 7. Fluctuating times, &c, ;' . -> 8. Nothing. ' ,/ 9. For the last seven years have manufactured satinets and woolen plain cloths; about$20,000 annually. 10, Average price of the domestic wool about 33J cents; the foreign wool, 30 cents; quantity, 75,000 p.ounds. 11, Fifty cents per yard,, 12, Twelve men, 12 women, and.4 boys; wages of men.$1 per day; women, 50 cents; boys and little girls, about 37J cents, 13, TAVCIVC hours each day the year round, . . / 14, Cannot say, 15, Five-horses. :. 16, New York, Philadelphia, and at home; mostly to New York city. . 17, Unable to state, 18, All over-the United States. 19. None. 20, Sold on six tp eight months credit, 21. Has not increased in the material, and not in labor on the average, 22. From $1 25 doAvm to 50 cents per yard. . . . 23. Thinks the preserit tariff will answer if it cari be continued, 24, Cannot ans AVer. . 25, Have not made any dividends, but haye extended the works out of Avhat it has made. 26, Cannot say, 27, Three thousand dollars, ' . 28. Cannot .say, but a large amount. 29. ShPuld be obliged to stop, 30 to 37, Cannot say, 38. Thinks it has increased. . . 39, 40. Not answered. , . Oneida County. George H. McWhorter, Collector; Hollister Woolen Factory. 1. State of NeA\^ York, Oneida courity, 2. Woolen; water power. 300 R E P O R T S , OF T H E . [1845. M—-Contuiued. ; 3. In 1842; not a joint stock. 4..* One hundred and twenty thousand .doUaQ-s. y5.^ Sixty thousand, dollars. . 6. -No borrowed capital; .profits invested in irriprpvenierits/ . 7 . The unsettled-state of the tariff is the cause.. 9. One hundred thousand yards wooleuj different styles, frorii three(juafters to six-quarlers wide, varying in price from 45 cents to. $3, 10,' Two hundred thousand pounds wool; value $50,000; 11. Unable l o say, •. • . 12. Fifty individuals; average sixty-five cents. , 13.'TAVCIVC hours through the year. 14; Wages abput the same in this county and States .15. Six horses and two yoke of oxen. 16.. Partial market at home; majority New York, Boston,' and Philadelphia/ . / ' •' \- ^ 17. .Great competition in finer quahties. ". fi '. 18.. In the United States. . .. ' •. . 19. Not exported to foreign countries. , 20./Credit eight months. 21. Variation riiostly in raw matefial. ' . • 22." Three-quarter goods at 45 centSj six-quarter at $1 75 per yard. . 23. Nothing less than the preserit rates. : 24. Uriable to say. 25. No reserved prbfits;.profits iriyested in. iniprovemerits. 26.: One-half raw inaterials, one-fourth labor, and one-fourth profits. 27. From $10,000 to $15,000. • « * 28. Uriable to say. -: 29.'Will be obliged to abandon the business. .30/Uncertain; property would be useless. " 3 1 . Yes. 32 to 40/Not answered. Oneida County, George H , Mc Whorter, Collector; firom HoUister Checkerville Woolen Mills, -^ ; 1/New-York, Oneida county. 2. Woolen goods; water power.. - 3.-. In 1842; joirit stock. < 4. One hundred thousand dollars. - 5.. One hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars anriually. 6.-No borrowed capital. 7. Agitation of tariff. 8. No answer.. 9. One hundred and twenty thousand dollars annua;lly; style three^ quarter woolens. • _ 10., Three hundred thousand pounds foreign wool. 11. No answer. ' 12.. One hundred hands; average price per day five shillings. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. M—Continued. • 301 . 13.' Twelve hours per day through the year, 'fi V 14, Wages 50 per cerit..less in foreign countries., ' • 15, Eight horses. . W, Find a market everywhere; 17. No. 18. United States. • 19. Export none. 20. Sold at eight months'credit. "• . 2^1. Little variation, taking materials and labor. 22. Average 50 cents, 23..Fifty per cent. ^ 24. No answer, 25. No excess; any profits arising haye been expended in imprpye- » ments. / ^. 26. One-half raw'materials:; balance diyided betAveen labor a n d " profits. . ^ 27. Fifteen thousand dollars per annum. ' l '' 28. N oanswer;' ^ ^-' 29. Abandon the business. 30. Profit would be thrown away, . 31. Yes,., •, ' .' ^ \ " 32 to 40. Not ansAvered. , Orieida County, ' fi. ^. _ . / -^ - „ <:" .o ^^^ >, ^ - ^ •" o "" , From George H , McWhorter^ Collectdr—New York Mills, 1. NCAV York, county of Oneida, t, .^ 2. Cotton; Water poAver. , ; 3/ Iml825; Not a joint-stock concern. 4. Capital $350,000, ' 5. For materials, &c.; $126,&00. , 6 . Seven per cent. No borroAved capital. ' 7 . The agitation of the tariff question has probably produced as' much variatiori as any other cause. 8. Unable to say; ' 9. One milhomyards annually; average price 13 cents; The style is 4-4 shirtings, of _^No. 40 yarns. 10. Seven hundred and eighty bales of cotton annually; value, $41,000. 11. Price about the same. ^ 12. Forty-six men, 190 women, 62 boys and chiMren, Men. average per week $7 50; women, $2 5 0 ; boys, $1 75 and $2.. 13. Twelve hours through lhe year. 14. Wages dp not'differ niaterially in this country; say 33'per cent, less in foreign countries; > 15; Six horses; .^ ,' 16. Articles manufactured sent to NCAV York, Pftiladelphia, and Baltimore markets—principally to New York, 17. There is a competition of a foreign artiole to some extent. 302 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M-—Continued. 18. In the United States. 19. Exports very hmited, if any, . •' 20. Sold at eight months' credit. 21. Much thesame as at the, commencenient, taldng rnaterials and labor together. . •' 22. At an ayerage of 14 cents per yard. 23. The present rate, and not less. 24. Do not know of any. ^ .^ 25. No surplus profits; any profits arising have been expended in extending the business, 26. One-fourth is raAv material; one-haff labor. 27. From $25,000 to $30,000 a year. 28. Cannot say. . : ., . 29. Abandon the busine.ss, in all probability, from necessity. 30,, Uncertain; the property would b e unavailable, S l . Yes. / ' • :, S2^to39/ Not answered. 40. Answered in No. 12. . '. . • . - Oswego County. "^George H . McWhorter, Collector; firom Stevens^ West, - ' - 'Woolen Manufacturers. • ,1. New York,. Oswego county. ,2. Wpolen. Water power. ^ < ' 3. In 1830. Not a jointrstock concern. , 4. Capital $9,000. fi 5. Say $6,000; about one-hsLff cash and one-half,inaterials. 6. Cannot say; but the rate of profit has not exceeded 7 per cent. 7. Canriot say; in 1840 and '41 the profits were greater than.since. 8. Np capital employed in any/othPr°place. , 9. Say $7,000. Coarse woolen cloths. 10. About 18,000 lbs. native wool, at a cost of about $5,000; foreign dye-stuffs, value $400. ^^. ^. 12; Ten men, at $1 per day; 5 Avomen, at $2 25^per week. 13. TAvelye hours the whole year. - . o ;> 14. Men's wages about 75 cents; women's-50 cents per.day. 15. One horse. . :\ 16. Part sold at home, surplus about 300 rniles to a market. 17. Yes; toIvhat extent unable to say. . 18, Generally in the country..^ 19. None so'exported. .. . , 20. Such goods as are sent to market are .-sold for cash, and credit at eight months, some bai'tered at home for all kinds of prod.uce. 21. Decreased say 40 per cent, since the estabhshment of the concern ; one-half by the introduction pf labor-saving machinery, and onehalf on materials employed. : _ 22. From 42 cerits to $1 per yard. 23. Twenty-five per cent. / 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 303 M—-Continued. 24.^ Cannot say. 25, Ten percent. * . 26, About one-half in materials, three-eighths in labor, and oneeighth of profits. 27, About $2,000. Say about $5,000. 28, Carinot say. .- • 29, Would be compelled tp abandonlhe business. 30 to 32. Cannot say. 33, Real capital $9,000; none borrowed. 34. To about 25 per cent. 35 to.37. Cannot say. • 38. Thinks there has been a considerable reduction in such manufactures, ""c a ; 39. Seyen per cent;-\ ;^ ; 40. Should think, about 75 per cent. . Oswego County. .\'Geo%ge H.\McWhorter, Collector; firom Tallmage, ^ . ^ / °V •,.-*/,• Wright ^ Co. '" . ..^':'>^ ^ • / .^. c ''''' 1.: State of .NCA^/YorkrOswego county.'^; ; ^. / ^^ 2 . P a p e r ; Avater p o w e r ; ; -.-'^ ' v ^ ^ <:• , . /' r } * . o c... . - . o ^o*' 3. In 18^7; not a jointrstock concern. ' -* .' • . ;4. Capital $14,.000. -fi-^ « ^^ > .• '" 5/ Twelve thousand dollars for materials, &c. . 6. The profits have not exceeded 7 per-cent, -' 8. None. - . ^ 9. Caiinot say. ' ^ 'o , 1 0 . $8,000domestic, $2,000 foreign. 11. Similar articles of paper, of French and English make, are much cheapef than Ave can well.afford them. 12. Thirteen men^ eight to ten girls ; men $ 1 per day, girls 12J cents per day and board. : ^ , , ;; 13. Ten hours aU the year. ' ' 14., Cannot say, ~ ^ : 15. Five hofses. . ^ -. ' 1'6. At the manufactory in part, but most ofthe articles (say printing . f paper) sent 300 rniles. 17. They do, but canriot.say to what extent. 18. Generally in NCAV York city and county, 19. None. 20. Articles sent abroad sold for cash, and. at from 3 to 6 months' credit; some bartered at home for rnaterials and produce for consump- tion. , './ . . 21. Cannot say, but probably about the same. 22. Printing paper, at the establishment of the concern, sold for 12J •cents per lb..; now at only 10 cents per lb. ^ . 23. Forty per cent. 24. Fpreign paperis often done up three rearris for twb. . 304 - ;. R E P O R t S O F THE^ : - [1845. M^—Cpntinued. 25. Cannot ans wer. 27, $l,500%gricultural,.$l,200 domestic and foreign. 29. Should abandori the business. . • ." / 30. CannotvSay. i . 31. " Yes; >buying ..bonds and riiortgages at a share." 33. $26,000 about one quarter; 34. No reductiori, or not niore thanfive pef cent. .35 to 37. Not ariswered. /. . . . . 3 8 ; There is none. ; '•::-• " . 39/"^ T e n p e r c e n t . . . ^ . • ., .-.• -. 40, Six;, shillings per day for; men, and for women one shilling and .boards "'^ • . / .fi .fi... fi .fi.. /'. :.'.. •,:;.••- /.-•.:.. ' Niagara, R.„ H, Broughton, Collectdr; firom George Field, Agent ofiihe: Niagara.Manufiacturing Company^. . 1, New: York, Niagara cprmty. . V^ ^, ^ o <> '/^•^ " ' 2 . Cotton^; water poAver. \ ' : < , ' ^ . • ' ' > ' ' ' ' • -'fi '.fi'-' S. By th'e'originah owners J n 183.5; oy the pres.ent incl841*. Joints stock,' :^ \ y r ;^> .• :. ^ ' '^'fi'fi^ -•> ..' „ ^- 4,^^ Capital of original OAvnefs $60,0t)0, Avhich Avas all lost. Capitalof present oAvners $60,000. "^ ^ ' o 5. From $16,000 .to $18,(!00 for m'atefialsj annually, $750-per nionth for labor, • , ' f %.- -^.^ " 'ik6. The first company m^de . np.; profits, andlost their whole capital; the present. OAvners lost moneyln 1841 and 1S42| in 1;843^ :at!nd 1844 made barely sufficient to cover losses.;pf thp. tAvo^.lprpceding years ;^ during the last yeaf .yfriade about 7 per cent., beinglhe first:actual profits made by the establishment. ^' : "fi '^ / 7. Losses occasioned partly by the descPriding scale of duties on importations previous to the j'-ear 1841. 8. Money is worth 7 per cent.; some farmers make 10 to 15, while some make only 5 per cent. Mechanical labor yarious. 9. Make 4-4 brown sheetirigs, Aveighing about rune lbs, to each thirty yards—^yarns nunibered 16 to 18—^which have varied frorii 6^ to^ 8 cents per y a r d . . : 10. Consume domestic products almpst entirely. . • 12. About eighty men, women, and- children; the wages- of the men about $1 25 per day, wonien $3 per Aveek, and- the children $1 7^ per w e e k . - -' .. ^'^"^^ •..;• • • '• • 13;: Twelve hourS'per'day, expept Saturday—then, nirie and: a hatlfl M.. Some expert spinners- and weavers al this' factory receive more, by three dollars per month, than similar ones-elseAvhere. The wages bf the younger persons aboutthe same in the county.' 16. Aiboutoncrthird-find: a market .at home, while the residue is sent. to the commercial marts, to be distributed in the- countiy. ; Some few sent out ofthe coriritry. • .> . : •, • 17. Is not aware of any^ fbfeijgn article coming into competition. 1845.]i 305 S E C R E T A R Y OP T H E TREASURY. .M-^Coritinued. 19; Some few exported. : 20. Generally sell at home and abroad^ on a.credit/of six months. 21. The cost of manufacturing has varied with the cost pf the raw material and the rate of interest; the Avages of labor continuing about the same. 23. In this, as in nearly all branches of doriiestic manufacture, a protective duty sufficierit, urider ordinary circumstances, to insure the home market to our own manufactures^ is iridispensable to their-stability and success. • -. . 26. The cost of the raAv materialis about 2-5ths, the wages of labor and other expenses about the same, to whicli is to. to be added waste and ordinary wear of machinery and interest of capital. 27. Consume but few domestic productions except cotton, about $1,000 worth of flour, and the riecessary supplies to the machinery. 30. Capital invested in buildings.and.'machinery carinot be withdrawnj and to discontinue the business- Avhicb. has in^it all one's capital, or tO' work at a certain loss, is equally disastrous;: and, generally speaking, thpse who are driven fro.m any kind of manufacturing have no capital left to employ. ' « . New, York. From William A. Hadden, ' Tdble of? dvities o n carpetings i m d e r ' t oa' <u .si: o Description. a> 'bJi- :.s: Floorcloth baiz;e......... -• W.S: ^ S '^ m !l P . s. d. 1 3 • -5 f. 36^ Super i n g r a i n . . . . . . . . . . 36 Inferior Brussels 27 Better Brussels;........ 27B^est Brussels • 27 Three-ply ingrain........ 36 AVilton ; . . . . . . . . 27' Axminster 27 Hearth r u g s ; . . . , . . . . . . . tuo • •- erf o Pine ingrain . ^ S- . a* • 'S' h Remarks. Itf' o- 6cts.^ .. 30:05 cts. 30 cts. 30 Q 44.37 30 110 55 68.57' . 2 10 55 : 3 6 • 84.70= 55 4^ 0 • 96:80. 3 0 ,72.60 . 6 5 65 7 6 18r.50 65 10 0 242.00 • •• o 14 30 4ii: 411 41i 65 48i 481 'per ct. Prohibitory; none n o w 100 imported. Do. do. :67i60 Do. do. 49Do, do. 4 2 | : A few stiir imported. • 90 .Prohibitory.. 26 Still imported.Do. 20 Prohibitory; v e r y ' few 40^ no-w imported. 100 to .Prohibitory, as to lOV/er qualities-.:.. 30. NEAV YonK,-September 19, 1845. SiRo I t being generally understopd'that a report is, about to emanate from ybur Departrrierit iri relation to our revenue laws, and our presenttariff in particular, I b e g to hand you a table showing its effect upon the article of carpeting, in the^ importation of which I have been-rathpf extensively engaged for years past* You Aviil observe that the law, asit now stands,; virtually excludes all but the most costly descriptiori of VOL. v.—20. 306 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—-Continued. carpets, such as are used by a coniparatively small class of consurners, namely, the most Wealthy. Very, respectfully, your obedient servant, W. A. HADDEN. Hon. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Washington. Orange County.. From Daniel Ja.ckson, Speaks of the hue and cry raised by the Whig papers about the circulars npt being sent to Whig manufacturers, and requests that 15 copies be sent him for that purpose. . ; Alhany. From Albert Gallup, Deputy. Collector. • . States that, he sent the circulars to manufacturers with Avhom h e i s acquainted, but as yet has received no ansAver to the interrogatories. Thinks.more information can be derived from the census returns of the State thah thrpugh any other channel. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Rochester, Monroe County: From L . B. Langworthy, Collector. 1. The principal sta.ples of the State are wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, potatoes, and rye; neither rice, cotton, nor tobacco are grown. 2. Probably three-fourths of the capital ofthe State invested in agriculture. 3. Nearly wholly dependent upon them. 4. Deducting necessary outla)^ probably 4 per cenl. 5. Two per cent, more,than in the precedirig period. 6. Since 1842 the.avera.ge value of wheat has been about 84 cents; Indian corn, 37 cents; oats, 18 cents;: r5;-e, 40 cents; -potatoes, 18 cents." Previous to 1842 the prices, during some years, Avere so affected by the currency that.it is'difficult to state the average price; yet it Ayas considerably higher than since that period.' From this cause, too, it is nearly impossible to tell the.real effect of the tariffof 1842 on the value of agricultural productions. ' . " 7. Prices, however, have lallen, arid it must be admitted that since 1842 the currency of the Stale has been comparatively steady. We have not been visited by any monetary conAmlsion consequent upon a paper-money inflation. 8. The State raises (Avrth the exception of horses, probably) rnore than sufficient of the articles enurnerated in this interrogatory for its OAVU consumption; and, as a general thing, prices have follen since the passage ofthe tariff act of 1842; and for-the ten preceding, years no correct data can be given, as the piices rose and fell in the exact ratio ofthe inflation, and curtailment of.our rascally currenc)^ • 9; Althpugh dependent upon agricultural products in a great degree. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y QF T H E TREASURY. M—Continued. 307 » the profits on mariufactures do not diminish in the same proportion; nevertheless, the value consumed of the latter must be'affected by the prosperity of the former. The tariff act bestows a bonus on the one and not on the other. • ^ 10. The average prices of prptected articles have not been as IOAV, in proportion, as the staple pirodu'ctions of the State for the last threeyears as in the preceding ten. The prices of manufactured goods, in general, have been higher, and an increased expense to the farmer has.been the consequence. 11. The State exports chiefly manufactured goods of AVood, [wool?] iron, and leather; canriot say further. 20. WindoAv glass is manufactured in the State,: and the duty on it amounts to a prohibitipn of the article. ' . 26.: The duties do not benefit those engaged in agricultural pursuits. The duty on wheat is not needed, and that on wool affords little or no protection to the grower. That on cheap wool of South'Arnerica, which more immediately comes into competition Avith that raised by our own farmers, is by far too IOAV. The tariff, in this respect, is made for the especial behoof of the manufacturer, enabling him to buy the raw material as low arid sell his goods as high as.possible. 27. Not answered. Rochester, Monroe County. L . B. Langworthy, Collector, encloses answers \, firorn— —. \_Name not mentioned.] 1/ Wheat, rye/Indian corn, oats, barley, potatoes, AVPOI, butter, and cheese. 2. Three-fourths-of the entire capital ofthe State invested in agricultural pursuits. ': 3. About one-half of the ma^ermZ that goes to make up the commercial, manufiacturing, and mechanical business, and the riavigation of western New York, are dependent upon the agricultural productions,of this State and the western lakes; balance from other States and foreign productions. 4. From 4 to 5 per cent. 5. The annual profits, for the ten years preceding, AA^ere greater than during the three years succeeding arid including 1842, Avhich has been more or less influericed by the increased productions of the far West, the immense immigration, the increased facilities of transportation, and the operation ofthe 2^ar?yof 1842. 6. The average value of Avheal from 1832 to 1842 was, in this market, where frprn 500,00010 600,000 barrels are manufactured annually, $1 03; corn, 50 cents; and wool, 37 cents. For the years 1842 to 1845, ^ wheat has averaged 86 cents, corn 40 cents, and AVOOI.31 cents/ It is difficult to estimate the average, profits per hand, from the manner iri which agricultural labor is performed. 7. The excessive prices of the ten years precedirig 1842 were materially affected by the inflation ofthe currency; arid every article of agricultural production in this quarter of the'Statp has declined since the passage of the tariff act, particularly wool, contrkry to expectation. 308 REPORTS G® THFT / , [1845. Mr—Continued/ 8/ The State produces more than its supply of all those articles-; the^. value of all has receded: since the passage of this tariff 9. As far as. Avestern New York is cPricernedy yes-. 10. They have not, although competition is now gently operatirig upon; prices;. but, in many cases,, those foreign articles which, are; all but excluded from our rnarkets: arelurnished b y our manufacturers, at pricesr close, uponlhe rate that foreign articles can be sold for, Avith the duty added—as cotton and woolen goods, iron?, glass,. .&c. 11. The Avestern part of this State and lake coast export some-lea.th.er,. rnachinery, arid agricultural, implements, • but at prices: considei^ably lower. than fair rates, partly OAving. to; lhe: countervaihrig; imperial and: provincialiduties of Canada. .' . . .. . 12. Cannot ariswer satisfactorily.; • 13. If a country's im2.?.07.t5 greatly exceed^its exports-,, and the balance has to be paid in coin, it Avould: seem to b e a necessary consequence that the: couritry Avould be drained of the precious metals.; but it i& proved tO: the-contrary by many- years' experience, and. may in a nieasure be. accourited for by the irnmense quantities brought into the country, by emigrants, the production of our mines, and the payments riiade h j stock, and-paper. Excessive- duties must haA^e aii:unfavorable effect on exports-,. especially on mariufactures, not only from countervaihng duties of foreign governments, but from the inflated prices ofi labor consequerit on the exclusion ofi competition. 14. The western district of the State o f NCAV York is strictly an agri- ^ cultural region, .and therefore canriot ansAver this question, satisfactorily. 15. In this section, only for the lake trade. 16 to 18i Not ansAvered. 19. As far as the lake trade.is concerried, all imported •merchandise is entitled to draAvback; there is no discriminatiorimade by thelaw of 1842,. 20. All articles (or many of thern) of Avhich iron, cotton,.and AVOOI are the chief componeiits,..together Avith glass and leather. This question, can only be correctly :answered: by manufacturers and irnporters;, and there is a rnanifest. repugnance in a certain class to giYO the Irue facts inihe case, : ' .'•. ';• . . 21. This rinterrogatory must be ariswered by the experienced among cpri^iri^i'oial men, I n the absence of-experience oh the "subject, the ca^Ii: systm: would: seern to; claim a preference over, the warehouse or credit: 'system, . 22. Mariyarlicles which: now p a y a Aeat'^^i^^j^^vshou^ or:nearly so., viz; all such articles as we imperiously:require, and whicli Ave do not nor ever can produce, and many, of thpse of which: labor, is -the. chief com:ponent of value, and that; of a cheap description?: to enter into.-competi^ tiori with which presupposes a most abject state ofi population. Of articles now firee, which might pay a moderate dutjs.3,r.e. dye-woods, copper in all shapesy.giindstones,.^and] India.: riihben; fov reasons that they are used.by manufacturers: and cornpanies that Ayill be iricidentaily Or otherAvise protected^-^spme of them;, the: subject ^^' gfeat prqfitSito^the manufacturer^ aiid4yth^slsii.ge!!^:pwd^^ ,, . . 1S45.3 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 309 M-i^Gontiriued. As far as the lake is concerned, the articles firesh fish, staves', shingles, pail dndtid) holts, (blocks,) re^Z, white, and yellow cedar posts, and flat hoopstuff, should pay about. 10 per Cent. « 23. Not answered. 24. Its operation is bad on all the articles which are the prirrie necessaries of life, which causes general complaint on account ofthe unequal duties of the present tariff .when compared with the non-tdxdiion of the luxuries and higher grades of articles. . 25. Cannot answer. 26. The agricultural community "are only benefited by the operation of the tariff in the case where the manufacturers who are consumers can only sustain themselves by its heavy discriniihating dutiesi The State .of NCAV York is undoubtedly steadily progressing in prosperity* From its favorable location, its S5^stem of internal comrriurrication, and its fertile lands, (not being strictly a manufacturirig State,) it will Continue to do so, under a fair and equalized revenue tariff, based upon ad valorem duties, at a ra^io that the manufacturers AVho .are consumers to a considerable amourit may live and make as fair a profit as other investments. . S7. The prices of AVOOI, from reliable sou/rces, fot severi years priorto 1842, in this region was 37 1-10 cents; and since, including '42, is 31 2-10 cents—average of all grades. The produoe has doubled since 1840, increased in fineriess of staple and:weight df fleece, and decreased in price, notwithstanding the protection given to the manufacturers. Of the absolute fallacy of its, necessity there is no better proof than the fiact that they are enabled to compete in fioreign markets with fioreign goods. 28. As there are no mines in this State^except iron, therefore cannot . answer this question. " . ' -• Cortland village. New York. From Henry S. Randall. In ansAvering the interrogatories cpntained in your circular, I shall confine myself to those pertaining to agriculture, the only branch of physical industry with Avhicli I have any extended practical acquaintance. ' . Those of my ansAvers Avhich erribrace facts affected by local position, as, for examplcj the prices of products and staples, are designed to represent the southern or grazing sectioris of New York., I iriclude under this head all that'pait of the State lying southof thelirriestoneor wheat-^ producing region. The line of division, with soriie exceptions, would nearly correspond with a right line drawn from Buffalo to the mouth of the Mohawk river. The great triangle, bounded by Oswego river. Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence ori the Avest,,east by Lake Champlain and the Hudson, and south by the Erie canal, though presenting differ-^ ent geological features from the southern section above specified, is also a glazing, as contradistinguished from a wheat-growing region. Though the prices of its rriiriPr agricultural products and staples, take thewhole legion tpgether, riiightj for a term of years, considerably vary from those 310 R E P O R T S OF T H E 184^.] ,M—Continued. of the southern section, by reason of the sterility of considerable portions of it andthe new settlement of others, still it is probable thatits agricultural interests Avould be similarly, affected by legislation designed to modify the riatural course of production and trade. : i^ The courities and parts of counties comprising l h e southern section) taken as a Avliole, produce a surplus of wool, butter, cheese, pork, and beef;, about a supply of Indian corn, barleyj oats, and buckAvheat; also pease and beans; and less than a supply of Avheat. West of the Catskill mountains this region has no outward niarket for its sui*plus products, excepting on the .Erie canalon the north, reached, from some portions of it, through the lakes and lateral canals; and th.e southern markets^ reached through the Susquehannah, the DelaAvare, and the Alleghany rivers. From the greater pprtion ofit much land transportation is necessary to reach outAvard or domestic rnarkets of any extent; and, consequently, though the prices' of the articles whicli will bear transportation are regulated by lhe large outward markets, those of the: minor and also the less portable products, such as oats, pease, beans, hay,.potatoes, &c.^ are, to a certain extent, only nominal, and are considerably affected by local circumstances. Though one hundred tons, of hay, or one or two . thousand bushels of potatoes, would glut the market for an entire year in many towns in southern • New York, still the nominal price wo.uld remain the same, and would frequently exceed those of the canal or city markets. This Avill appear in the tables of prices hereafter given. These high prices, therefore, are no index of that prosperous agricultural condition Avhich they'would, at first vicAV, seern to indicate. The coarser •grains, pulse, roots, and hay, have in fact. I n the main, in the whole'' southern region, to be reconverted into wool, dairy products, beef, pork, &c.,.before they-find any cash market. ' ' '• I have judged it best, in giving prices and in making all estimates, to conform to the .home, rather than the city market standard. I have supposed it your object to ascertain, the profits of the producer. The intermediate purchaser, the drover, packer, wool, butter, or cheese buyer, expects to receive a profit considerably-exceeding disbursements and transportation., 1. The agricultural products ofthe State of New York arelhe cereal gra,ins, live stock, products of the dairy, wool, potatoes, hay, sugar, hops, •products of the orchard, hemp, flax, silk, cor.d-Avopd, Avax, &c. No cotton or rice is cultivated in the S.tate, and not to exceed 1,000 pounds per annum of tobacco. 2. Probably nearly four-fifths of the capital ofthe State is invested in agricultural productions. In 1839 the capital invested in manufactures was $55,252,779; in commerce, fisheries, mines, and other interests, $107,425,593. The valuation of the real and personal estate that year Avas $519,058,782. This would show that a fraction above three-fourths of the capital of the State was invested in agriculture. But in this estimate the capital employed in agricultural lcd)or is not taken into account, and it is also'Avell known that it is the practice of assessors to assess real and personal estate at not much beyond one-half its actual 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 311 M—Continued. value/ Probably $1,000,000,000 would not exceed the Avhole actual arnount-of capital now invested in a.griculture in the State. 3. I know of no data by which the facts involved in the question can b e settled Avith precision. It is the province of both the mechanic and manufacturer to prepare the raw material of the products and substances of the earth for human use, A great share of these products, and by far the mpst indispensable of them, are supplied by agriculture. Commerce and navigation are the media ofthe exchange and transportation. The connection, therefore, between these interests and agriculture is necessary and intimate* ^ 4. The average netprofits of agricultural production,.where a considerable section of the country is included in the estimate, must necessarily be, to some exterit, conjectured. More light Avill be throAvn on this subject, so far as this State is concerned, by the publication of the census taken this year, which will contain Inany statistics of importance not embraced in the United States census. The-United States census, though giving gross amounts of products, does not give the number of acres cultivated, the amPunt of labor, or the animals employed to obtain them. Dairy- products, for example, are stated, but not the number of coAvs milked, acres depastured, or laborers employed. On sheep alone are we enabled to obtain the product per anirnal. It appears that in 1840 the number of sheep in the Sta.te was 5,118,777, and the product . in wool 9,845,295 pounds, or less than two pounds per head. It is to be hoped, and it is probably true, that this miserably low, average weight of fleece was improved in 1842, and has continued to improve since. We. will assume that the average for that and the three succeeding years has been 2 pounds per head. The average price for that peiiod has been, as will be shown hereafter, 31 1-16 cents. It.Avould require land of -more than medium quality, ''on well-managed farms," to sustain-fiye sheep to the acre during summer, or the hay from half an acre to sustain the same number during winter.* The land Avhich would do this AvPuld be Avorth at least tAventy dpllars per acrpit The average price of sheep, immediately after shearing, has not been far from $1 25 per head; lambs a t t h e same time 75 cents. The average annual increase in lambs is probably not far from, eighty per cent.; or, where.the number of lambs is less by reason/pf the number of Avethers in the flock, the growth ofthe, latter wpuld give a corresponding profit. The profit and loss account, then, with one hundred sheep, would stand thus: 100 sheep, to interest on purchase money . : . . . . . . . . . . . $8 75 To iriterest.on 30 acres^ at $20 per acre . ......._.,... 42 00 To curing and storing hay on 5 acres of above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 25 To expense of shearing ^.. . ------.... . . . . ..^. -. 3 00 To loss by death—-say two per centum over and above yalue of ^ pulled w o o l . . . . - . -2 50 ~ ' • s . . • • • • . • - • • . • ^It is ordinarily estimated that, on the average,, one acre -w-ill keep three sheep a year. f.The grazing lands ofthe southern sectionar'e far lower priced than the wheat region, though they wiir produce probably as m.uch or more grass-and hay. 312 R E P O R T S OF T H E ; [1845. M—-Continued. ' To labor of fodderuig d.uring Ayiriter—-tsay...,^...............--,., $5 ^00 To salt," tar, and summer c a r e . . . . . .-.--., - - . . -r-r -r -. -—— -^ 09 To intereston winter .shelter .(worth., say |2.5)^^ -....;....,- -..=.. ..,-V 1 75 • • ^ • . " •. • . '• • _ ,• •CR. • • 173 25 ^ . : By 200 pounds wool,, at .31 1-16 cerits per p o u n d . . . . . . - . . , $6.2 12 By 80 lambs, at 75 cents per h e a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . ; .... 60 00 By -manure . . - - . . - . . . . . ., . . . . . - . - . . . . - . . ^ . . . . . 5 00 . Balance,.,...., . ...,,.. J 127 12 /.: . . . f 53 87 Making:a net profit of $1 79 17-30 per acre on lands worth $20.' Now, 100 acres of cleared land of aboA^e quality (and this would at least equal the ayerage in the southern sectipn pf New York) would support 333J sheep, and give an income of $179 5 6 | . On the average, at least thirty acres of Avood land Avill belong to every farm. Avhich contains one hundred acres of cleared land. The interest on this would be $42. Deduct from this $11 25.for thirty cords of wood, for use of family, (Avorth not to exceed 37J cents per cord, standing;) leaving the account pf an exclusively sheep farm ofthe above specified size to stand thus: Farm: ofi 1^0 acres. Tp interest on capital. . . , . . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . „ . . . ^ „.,...,......,..... ..$182 0.0 To taxes and insurance—-say . . , . , . . ' , . . , . > . ^ . , , . . . . . , . ; • . . , , . . 12 00 To repairs to fences and buildings . . - - . . . . . . . . . . -. - - . . . . - . . . . . - 20 00 '^•\- • ' $-214 00 By keeping 333 J sheep, yielding a profit of $319 56 By 30 cords of wood, at 37^ cents per c o r d . . . . . . . . . . . \ - . . . 11 25 330 81 Balance,.. ..-. $116 81 I will now give a profit and loss accpunt of rearing neat stock; selects ing steers, which give a better return t o t h e breeder and grazier than COAVS. I shall here be under the necessity of abaridoning estimates by acres, as nP farmer in the Uriited States, has, so far as .1 am informed, made experiments to determine the average amount of land required to supply the summer feed of neat stock of the various ages, from which. reliable data can be drawn. I shall therefore estirriate by the average price of pasturage, hay, & c . : * ... Cost of rearing a calf up to the first winter . , . . , . . , :$4 00 Hay for first Avinter, half ton, at $ 6 per t o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / 3 00 '-'•'•: .'. ' ."' • ' -$7 m - Summering a yearling, 26 weeks, at 10 cerits pel A v e e k . : , . , . . - , 12 60 Ig45.| SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 313 M—rContinued. Hay for second winter, one ton. interest on first year's .'disbursements. $6 00 • 49 $9 0.9 ^ Summering a two-year old,:26 weeks, at 16 cents per w e e k . . . . $4 16 Hay for third winter, I J ton . ...= . .9 00 interest on previous year's disbursements . . . . . / . ' / 1 12 .-.••'• $14 28 Pasturing 8 Aveeks to ordinary time of sale,; at 22 cts. per week.' $1 76 Interest on previous •disbursements, 8 weeks....., .;...:.. . 35 Previous d i s b u r s e m e n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^.,.../.... .'..'..•.•........ 30 ^7 Total cost of raising a steer until three yeai's and two months o l d . . $32 48 Average .price of grass and hay-fed steer, at that .age, notto exceed.: $ 18 00 I have not estimated the pasturage as high as it will average in this (Cprtland) and some of the better southern counties; perhaps a trifle higher than the price in some of the more sparsely settled and remote from markets. At all events, 1 feel authorized in saying that no farmer can rear neat stock on grass and hay alone to "three years old past," and obtain within ten dollars per head, of the nominal prices ofthe grass and hay consumed by them. In the a:bove estimate I have let manure offset against labor in feeding, &c. Dairying, though sufficieritly familiar with the estimales of others, I have not had sufficient personal experience in to undertake to speak of its. various processes with entire accuracy. The average profits are not far from those derived from sheep husbandry, but it is attended with much more hard and confining laibor. It also, reqriires better soils and a larger investment of capital. \ Fattening pork beyond what is necessary for family use, is not generally considered so profitable as wool-growing or dairying. The same reniark will apply to the rearing of horses. The expense of preparing the .soils for the cereal grains (Avith the exception of Indian corn) is not far from the same. . In the following table allexpenses are included: ' - UH •o t-l 1 %H . • di' t-l li •S 0 • ^ ^ • • 'r5 '^ 1 ai 0) i ' ^>-• e •• . . '^ • - ; •§ •.:3 53 u ci^ • •' u a; •P. Cost per acre. -. i ' ^ (D • o '« m ^ - 1^i^.. v30 Indian corn, $ 1 5 . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . Spring wheat, 9 . , , . , . , . . . . . = . -12 .Barley, 9 . . . . . , , . , . . . . • . 28 bats, 7.. ...... 38 .. . • • ^ .c S ;>» •-; ro c H - . ^ <D >- -^ >. • • > ba cutc , , ^•n%^M • $5 1 1 1 00 $20 00 00 12 40 25 13 29 25 10 18 a • «« p a. _ 1 $5 3 4 3 00. 40 l 29 18 314 REPORTS OF THE I V - [1845, M—Continued. In considering the profits of these several.branches qf husbandry, we are.not to forget that there are a fcAv farms where we can select a single branch, theit Avhich appears mpst profitable under favorable circumstances, and pursue i t t o the exclusiori of all others. There are lands and grasses on rriost farms adapted to one kind of animals, and not to anpther; and the same is true in relation to grains. Wet lands and coarse grasses are unsuitable for sheep; they rnust be depastured by' grosser feeding animals. High poor lands and steep declivities, on thP other hand, could not be as profitably grazed by neat cattle as by sheep. He who has lands adapted tothe cultivation of Indian corn:Avill.alwa3^s find it a highly profitable crop; but there is rarely- a farm in NCAV York Avhere the whole, or even a half, is suitable for Indian corn. Ifit were, it would be impracticable to obtain the necessary manure. If that was obtained, it is out of the power of any ordinary farmer, to raise force ^ enoughlo get in, hoe,.and finally harvest such a disproportioned crop. If we cultivate Indian, cprn, we must have cattle or horses to consurire the stalks, arid SAvme to eat the soft or .unmarketable corn. To crop our lands with any reference to an ecoriomical preservation of their fertility, we must resort to a rotation of crops,' requiririg at least three kinds of grain, or two kinds of grain and one kind of roots.; arid so on through the Avhole circle of husbandry. Whatever theoretical reasons there may be in favor of a division of labor on the farm, as Avell as in mechanical occupations,-and however well the theory rnight Avork pn favprable soils and near large markets, Avhere CA^ery product can be sold without converting it into another product, it.is a reasoning which Avill not apply in the inland agricuUural regions of the United, States. I have already stated that, although in those inland positions all products bear a nominal price/ rnany of them, such as hay, potatoes, and eyen the coarse grains, find a cash market only, to a veiy limited extent. , On thewhole, it is my ppinion that ten percentum is realized on agricultural ^investments only by farmers of skill and under favorable circum-. stances; that frpm six to seven per, centum is not far from the average profit from and including the.year 1842. * •: 5. For the ten preceding years thp a.verage profits wpuld be someAvhat higher. Aninspectipn of the tables of prices below will enable you to determine this question with as muc;h accuracy as could the prac-; tical farmer. Duririg the years of high prices the expense of producing Avas increased, the price of rrian" arid horse labor being higher, but not sufficiently so to counterbalance the increase of profits. The cost of production Avas, say, from one to two per centum higher ad valorem on the products"; I feel confident not to exceed this. Now the price of wheat from 1832 to 1842 averaged $1 33J; frorn 1842 to 1845, inclusive, 9 2 | cents; making an avera.ge differe:nce of 41^ cents perbushel!* The prices of other products and staples, as will be seen by the tables, bore about the same ratio to each other diiring those periods. *The prices of 1845 estimated up to the 15th of October, 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. M—Continued. 315 ,. 6. In giving the tables of prices asked forin your sixth question,. I have thought it not expedierit to rely simply on farm, books. These, though correct as far as they go, could not indicate average prices. I have, therefore, resorted to the books of extensiye dealers in the several prpducts,; giving in all cases the average prices paid to the producer. For the .following table of prices of the cereal grains, pulse, &c., I am indebted to Mr. Abrabam Mudge, a miller of staiiding in this place, (thirty miles.south of the Erie canal.) BuckOats. - wheat. Years. Wheat.' Indian corn. 1832../.. .... 1833 1834._..../...,... 1835. 1836 . : • 1837 . . . i . : . . . . . . . . . . 1838... 1839..... 1840.............. 1841 : 1842....../../...'.. . 1843.............. 1844.....:.....-:...^ 1845^..-.....:' .• $112 1 12 1 06 1 25 1 38 2 00 1 60 1 50 1 25 1 07 1 06 88 . 85 90 $0-56, 35 65 38 56 65 62 60 . •37. 69 • 75. ' 3 8 40 •87 . 75 1.00 44 : 75 42 88 • 7 0 80 38 62 . 62 50 30 62 50 .28 25 60 45 20 44 40 20 40 44 25 40 ' 50. Barley. Cts. Cts. . Peas. Cts. CIS. 60 . 62 62 40 56 75 75 50 80 • .62 75 50 5 0 . 62 50 38 50 •38 50 38 31 . . 40. 44 30 . 40 31 44 44 To enable you to compare the prices of the southern counties Avith those of the markets orr the Erie canal; (which are supposed to correspond, with those of NCAV York, bating the price of transportation,) I append the followirig table. I am indebted for it to George Geddes, ./Esq., of Tyler, (one of the rnost intelligent and correct of our New York agriculturists,) who collated it for me from the books of the most extent sive grain riierchants in Syracuse. The averages are taken betAveen the 1st of April for each year, except" 1845, which only extends to August/ ' Years. Wheat. Indian corn. Cts. . 1840 /... 1841. . . . 1 8 4 2 , . . •..:,-............ 1843w 1844 •./..... 1845.... $0-S6 98.7 1 06.7 '87.5 90 91 44 :52.l 44.2 •. 47.7 43.1 Oats. Barley. • • Cts. Cts. - 43.1 46 35 36 53 •28 31.5 • 26• • 1 9 ; '• 22 ;. *I think the disparity was less between the average prices in lhe canal and city markets of these respectiye periods. Local circumstances had a bearing on them iri the southern counties. 316 R E P O R T S OF T H E Mr-^Gontinuedv. For the prices of pork, eggs, and feathers, I aim iridebted to "Messrs. J . Barker & Son, extensive dealersN of Homer; for those of butter and •cheese, to James, Van; Valen & Co., of this place, who purchase those •articles :to the valueof $100,000 annualy; for those of beef, to Rufus Boies & Sons, of this town, extensive.dealers and packers; for those of wages, to niy own recollections, aided by those of varioris agriculturists with whom I have conferred on the subject. I have found it impossible to ascertain the average prices of talloAv, lard, and several other pro.ducts, there being httle commerce here in those articles. Hay and ^potatoes I have omitted, as the prices, as befPre stated, would be merely nominal. . . . Years. 1832.. 1833.. 1834.. 1835.. 1836.. 1837-.. 1838.. 1839.. 18-40... 1841.. 1842.. 1843.. 1844/. 1845.. Wages per| Pork per Beef :per month. cwt. cwt. ^10 50 10 50 10 25 11 50 12 50 13 50 14 00 14 00 12 00 ll 00 10 50 10 00 10 00 10 00 P 00 00 00 GO 00 00 00 50 50 50 00 75 50' Butter. Cts. 10 .f7 00 9 00 10 00 10 50 121 14 ISIS 18 15 -Cheese. Feathers. Cts. 5 6 6 • 7 . • 8 •lr m 13 111 10. iir 14 4| ^ 5h Cts. -37i 37i 44 ^50 50 62| 62i 62| 56 37,37g 37^ Eggs ,per| ozen. Cts. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 6 372 37. For the following table of prices I am indebted to Messrs. Rufus Boies and Sons, the drovers above mentioned. Years. Oxen in yoke. 1835... •• $70' ; 1836...... • 85 • 18.37 ......... 100 105 18-38 18.39.....-• .... • • 85 • .70 1840 ' 65 1841....... 1842-. ........... 55 1843 .;........ 60 1844 65, 1845: ......: 70 Three-year, Two-year Dairy cows. Wethers. | old .steers. old steers. : $24 • 28 30 82 28 24 20 14 16 . 17 20 $14 : • . .20 22 . 24 • 20 . 14 • 13 9 10 12 14 $27: 35 38 35 25 20 18 13 14 17 18 $2 2§ . . 2',75 2 75 2 00 1 75 1 50 1 25 1 06 1 25 2 12J 1 25 In the above table each animal is priced sepai^ately, with the excep* tiori of oxen iri yoke, Avhere the price of a pair of yoke is given. 1.845.]j S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E - TREASURY. M—^Continued/ 317 , I have not: included Avool in any of the above products, aS; you make ' it a separate subject of inq.iuiry in your 27th interrogatory;. It would be difficult to state, with precisiori (iri answer to the latter clause of the 6th iriterrogatory) ''the net income per hand," on account of the variety pf avocations Avhich the riorthern laborer engages in.. In the estimates in ariswer to your 4th:, interrogatory, I have reckoned in labor,;in; all casesj as chargeable to,, or to be deducted from.,lhe gross: proceeds ofeach crop or animal; and this Avill afford., perhaps, sufficient data to the fact.you. desire to ascertain. • . • 7. Prices of agricultural products have been; raised by the operation: of. tariff* laAvs;.; but; far more, however,.-ini m y judgment,, from the: confidence or fear these; laws, have been the" means of inspiringv than from any natural or legitimate consequences;: groAving out of them. Wool is;thegi'cat protected: article ofthe northern agriculturist—the only one whichreally enters-materially into his/estimate of the benefits .which he expects to derive from, the tariff";, but Avool averages; higher in price urider the"coHiprpmise tariff^,:" than that enacted i n l 8 4 2 . ; , The reason for this brings me: to the second branch pf your inquiry,;. 'viz,: the effect- of the state of the currency on agrieultural prices and profits. One has.but.toinspect.the table of prices, above jlo perceive the: direct consequences, in the markets: of those, great, expansions and contractions of the circulating, mediuni: Avhicli occurred between: 1832 and 1842.. At one.peripd the agriculturist waS: incited, to extravagance and: injudicious, irivestments of capital by unreasonably high; prices—the . effect of the cheapness of pamper, money, rather than, the increasing demand: for^ the product;, and:at ariother. he-vA'as pressed to/the earth bj^ the reaction and panic- follpAving; such periods,- and the depreciatiori: of his capital in unprofitable investmerjts;. ' . . ' Thus- far I have spoken df prices;; but your inquiry: further- embraces agricultural profits.. The.effect.of the tariff has. been to raise the value o.fAvool,but.^ls.o to enhance the prices of articleS:"of foreign production' consumed by the farmer; I. think, the.balance of grain has been in faA^or ofthe wool grower, but I think such, gain-isvfar below the popular estimate. Few fa.rmers. in: this- State, in propprtion. to the .Avhole- number,., are benefited .$25: in the sa.le of their AVOOI,. by the oper ation. of the tariff*.. He must be a plain hA^er, and use fcAV ofthe necessaries and luxuries of life-,. Avho does not: pay an approximation to this sum, in duties, on foreign articles: consumed by him, or doniestic articles, whose prices are enhanced by those duties. - HOAV mucliis: to be dpducted frorii what the tariff costs him,.by reason of"one of its supposed indireet effects, viz: the crealionof aliom,e: market: for his; other products besides wpol, by building up a . manufacturing: interest, I -do:ri.ot consider if rny pro-vince; here to discuss. That; riiore benefits. Av.ould resultr to the. Avoobgrowing farmer from the present tariff* were it not for certain frauds and evasions practised., b.}'- those imposing: wool.under-certairi of its provisions, I have no doubt. These willbe alluded, to:in answering: a; subsequent inquiry. 8; The State of NCAV York raises a sufficient supply; of "horses^ 318 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. mules, hogs, rmeats,- and other proAdsions." By the Uriited States census of 1840 it appears that there Avere then in the State— Horses and mules 474,543 Neat c a t t l e . . . . . . . . 1,911,244.. Swine. . . . . . . . . ^ . / . 1,900,065 .9. To this interrogatory, I will simply express my decided conviction that the connectipn betweeri the iriterests alluded to is so intimate that their profits increase or diminish together. 26. To the first clause of the iriterrogatory I have already made ansAver under the 7th question. In ansAver to the second -clause, I Would say that I believe the present duties ''. can be so modified in some other Avay than by reducing them so as to benefit the groAvers." I Avould specify particularly the duty on wools Avorth seven cerits or under at the place of exportation. The diity on AVOOI, ''the value AA^hereof at the last port ol" place Avhence exported irito the United States shall be seven cents or under per pound," is not, I think I am fully authorized in saying, believed by the most intelligent and leading agriculturists of this .State to be sufficient, or to bear any just proportion to that on other wools, viz: 3 cents per pound and thirty per centum ad valorem'. If the wool thus invoiced were all of the quality Avhose admission was contemplated under the tariff act of 1842, viz:, that of a quality coarser than any groAvn in the United States, still its adniission at such rates of duty Avould prevent the extension of a branch of industry Avhich might be productive of widely-diffused beriefit.. The high inferior lands of Virginia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and, in short, all the southern States, and to a certain extent the prairies of the West, niight be grazed with sheep. A warm climate is no bar on the healthy groAvth . and Avool-producing qualities of this animal. • Spain, the native.country of by far the best variet}^ for the production of AVOOI, lies betAveen 36° and 44° north latitude, corresponding Avith a section of the United States extendirig from Nashville, in Tennessee, on the south, to OsAvego, iri New York, ori the north; and it is.a Avell-established fact that isothermal do not correspond Avith latitudinal lines as betAveen this couritry and Europe. At similar latitudes, the mean temj)era.ture of Europe is considerably higher or warmer than that of the United States. * It is asked if these regions, or any other in the United States, could profitably produce wool of a similar quality with that UOAV imported from South Americci, &c., under the "five per cent, duty? ; Not certainly the most profitably, for itcosts.no more to raise a pourid oYmedium, than a ppund of these exceedingly coarse wools.. After considerable experience Avith^every important variety ofsheep, I am willirig, unhesitatingly, to hazard the assertion, that more pounds of mediuni (say the coarser * I might adduce much more, proof—the experience of many highly intelligent agriculturists . ofthe South—to determine this point, if such proof were needed. During the p e r i o d ! acted as corresponding secretary of the New "York State Agricultural Society, I made this a subject of particular inquiry and investigation in my southern corresporidence, and soon became perfectly convinced of the feasibility of growing wool in any portion of the United States where the land is dry and there is a supply cfnutntious and not over-coarse grasses. 1845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 319 M—Continued. grades of merino) A\[OOI can be produced from the feed on an acre of land, than of the excessively coarse South American wools. With suitable encouragement this branch of industry might be established in the regions alluded to; and, when firmly established and .Avidely extended, I believe those foreign coarse wools Avould be driven from the market, though admitted duty free. There is no good reason why fleeces shpuld average only tAvo pounds. It is a fact discreditable to the American farmer. Not only medium, but fine wools may be made to average at least from three and a half to fbur pounds per fleece; * and medium wools still more. It is certainly a profitable irivestment of capital when the fleece brings one dollar. Medium wool, averaging four pounds to the fleece, would bririg this sum, sold for tAventy-five cents per pound. To cleanse them as AVCU as our domestic wools are ordinarily cleansed for • market, (deprived of " t a g s , " and Avashed on the back ofthe sheep as thoroughly as it can be done in SAviftly-running cold Avater,) they Avould lose. probably full half of their present weight. Thus a pound ofthe coarse foreign AVOOI Avould cost (washed) twerity cerits. The same amourit of good riiedium AVOOI could be growri in the United States for twenty-five cents. NOW it is a Avell-knoAvn fact that the felting property of wool, (its serrations or " beards,") which gives adhesion and strength to.cloth, increa.ses, in all ordinary cases, in the same ratio Avith its fineness. If a pourid of medium AVOOI would make no riipre cloth than a pound of A^ery coarse wool, the cloth thus produced would exceed that manufactured from the coarse, in..value—whether carpets, slave cloths, or other fabrics—by more than five cerits, or double that, amount. But the .finer wool voill make the most cloth. It will bear beirig spun.finer, still retaining equal pr superior strength and. durability, arid will thus make enough more, cloth to coyer the extra expense. When the America.n farmer learns to depend upori his own skill and perseverance rather than the arm of legislation—to call upon his OAvn energies instead of: the Hercules of the State—the tariff on all kinds of wool Ayill, I believe, soon become as niuch a dead letter as thai rroAV imposed on foreign provisioris. Indeed, I believe the United.States may,' at no distant day,, profitably eayor^ Ay ool. Iri speaking of the foreign "scA^en per cent. AVOOIS," I have hitherto proceeded on, the supposition that thpse t.hus invoiced AV ere actually Avhat was contemplated in the tariff act of 1842, viz: a much coarser article than any groAyn in the United States.; It is beheved, however, thai frauds ofan extensive and serious charactef have been, perpetrated *In a flock of merinoes on w h i c h i drew the first State premium in 1844, as " the best ifnanaged and most profitable flock,'! the full-bloods averaged over five pounds per fleece, though many of them had not.arrived at maturity. The wool" sold for thirty-eight cents per pound. This year the fleeces of my' full-bloods averaged over six pounds. Ten sheep, (one ram and nine ewes,,) on which I drew the first premium on rams arid the first and second on e^ves, at the State fair the same yearj cut this year over seventy-five pounds of washed wool, though tiie ram was but a yearling. ''We. have far better sheep, in my opinion, (the acclimated rrierinoes, imported originally by Livingston, Humphrey, Jarvis, &c.,) than any now in Spain or any other foreign; country; and there is no excuse whatever for a farmer to fear sheep cutting only two pounds to the fleece. 320 R E P O R T S OF T H E (:1845. M—Continued. in the invoicing ofthese wools. Numerous specirrieris of A\^OO1 equalling; our choicest Saxon are in the hands of yarious individuals-.throughout the' country,. Avhich men of well-knoAvn standirig and- veracity ahege they obtained of importers and manufacturers—such importers stating that they were-, from bales of South American, wool admitted urider the five per cent, ad yalorem duty; and conceding that large quantities of a similar quaht}^ were received by them from the same source.-^ It is alleged that some of the smaller riianufactoriesof good-cloths- receive^ their principal suppl5r in this way. HOAV such a-fraud couid elude the provisions applicable to our custom-houses j I aril uriable to say. . These- sta:tements-j as I present them,, assume but the questionable fbrrn of mere reports. But they are based on the authority of highly respectable men, and they' are, I hehoYe, generaUy credited. It would^ perhaps hardly be ex-pectedlhal those AA^ho could fiirnish the best testimony in the premises would, if guilty, vpluriteer to throw-that testimorry in an authenticated form before the "public. B e the facts as they may, the public mind AAdllhardly rest satisfied until the subject shall receiA-e competent investigatiori. In conclusion of this: topic, though perfectly satisfied that all legislative protection on wool,, after the business-of growing- it is Avidely extended and well understood, will becorrie nugatory, I am of the opinion that, in-, the present conditiori of thirigs, while the average quality arid quantit}^ per fleece is so-IOAV; and especially while popular opiniori^ and feeling remain whai tliey rioAV are ort this tPpic, all the incidental protection^ Avhich can be yielded, in- justice^ to- the rights of all, under a revenue tariff; is necessary to foster this importarit. interest. If is necessary t o / encourage the extension of this branch of industry to encourage^the w^ool• groAving farrher to persevere, uritil obtaining more skill, possessing himself of better breeds ofsheep, learning to rely on his own efforts, instead of legislation, for success; he shall cease to be dependent upon legislative, protection frorii foreign competitioni The folio Aving vie AVS of Judge Beatty of Kentucky, (publishedin the Americari Agriculturist) if correct^ show the importance, in a national point of vieAv,^of • this great interest. ' I believe they are substantially correct. .-. " The returns ofthe late census shoAv- that: the riumber ofsheep in the United States in 1840 Avas a fi'aGtion less than 20^000,000.. TAvice this number AA^ould probably not funiisli'more AVOOI than Avould be needed by a- populatipn: of 17,000,000, if we Avere to manufacture all our' OAVU blan7 kets; carpets, and every other description pf woolen fabrics; The period is riot A^ery distant AA^heh this Avill be done, Avith- the exception of some very fine goods. W e shall then need about 100,000,000 lbs. of wool for a population of 17,0 00,000; and iri that proportion; for home consumption, even supposing none should be exported. Now, as our population increases (as past experience demonstrates) at a;,compound.ratio of threeper .cent, per annum, we shall have a population of 34,000,000 in the year 1864, 51,000,000 in;1878, and-60,000,000 i n l 8 8 8 / W e shaU need at these respective periods two, three, arid four hundred millions of pounds of wool. If we estiriiate sheep, upon an average, toa produce 2^ Jt845.] SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 321 M-rrnContinued. lbs. of Avopl ,per .head, Ave shall .require in the.year 1888 (a little-:more than forty-years :hence) 160,000,000 .of sheep. This view of-the-subject,; without looking to a foreign market, holds. out strong iriducement to engage in sheep husbandry." And I believe, to give effect and consistency to present' protection, as Avell as to do equal justice to all connected with the iriterest, there.should be no essential disparity in ad valorem duties on coarse and fine foreign AVOOI. • To the third clause of your/question I would say, t h a t i haye nordoubt the -State of NCAV Ydrk .has prospered under the present, duties. .:T thirik, however, as a whole, those .duties have benefited the nianufaeturing far more than the agricultural interest. The gains of the/ai'mervare moderate, as has been shown befpre; he rarely/attains Avealth by the mere profits of ordinary farming. If he attains even competence, it is rather by economy; by savirig, tha-ri -by large pr rapid accumulation. Low as the prices of agricultural products are, the .markets are comparatively steady and equable. This tends greatly to alleviate the evils which would otherwise result from their depression. I attribute this partially .to the steady, and .settled .state of .the .currency. :If-.the same settled and steady character .could be giyen lo.our tariff laAvs, our prosperity would be greatly augmented. T h e farmer wants to kno AV what he can depend upon. H e asks that-the -fruits of his labor shall not be subject to constant variations in value by reason, of •va.cillatinglegislation; he asks that ihis ;G0vernment shall not one year enact laAvs to encourage him ; to embark his capital in one branch of industry, and the next,: by -adverse legislation, destroy or depreciate the value of the investmerit. Jn;a word, be asks that the tariflf be settled on -a :=fixed and permanent basis..; one;admitting.of no fluctuations but those rendered indi^iensable by important:.naturaL;cliariges, or discoveries lleA^elpping new interests, or anpdifying existing ories. ' 27. The quaritity of wool raised in -the iState of.^New York in 1840, ..was 9.:,845,2951bs. . • .For the follewing table-of prices I-arn indebted to George T. Taylor, Esq., ofMadisonj Avho has bought wools-extensively through this^section of couritry for a:series of years. .He reniarks that the table beloAv gives the prices about 3 cents per pound higher than his OAvn average purchases, -as he buys lor a satinet manufaGtory Avhich eloes not require. the choicest quality^ of wool.. My OAvn opinion, hoAvever,. based on l h e average purchases of others, Avould. be, that the average of the Avhole State would be betAveen the prices paid by hirn and the table beloAv, viz: about 1J per cent, below the fpllowing table: Per Pound. 1 1832, average price, 40 cents. 1833,do. 50 1834, do. 45 1835, do. 48 1836, do. 64 1837, do. 30 1838, do. 36 VOL. V. —21. Per Pound. In 1839, average pr ice, 50 cents. 1840, do. 33 do. 1841, 35 1842, do. 30 1843, 31 do. 40 X 1844, do. 1845, 32 do. 0 322 R E P O R T S OF T H E ' [1845. M—Continued. The following ayerage prices have been paid by Rufus Boies & Sons, of this tOAvn. On these I founded the estimates given in answer to your 4th question: In 1842, avera.ge price paid, 28^ cents per pound. . 1843i do. 28i do. 1844, do. 39J do. 1845, .xdo.. 28 do. . ^ - The following table of prices paid by William Randall, Esq., of this town, shows about the average prices received by the growers of small, including average and rriedium lots of AVOOI: In 1840,- average price paid, 30 38-100 cents per.pound. 1841,' do. 32 22-100 do. 1842, do. 27 73-100 • do. 1843, do. 25 63-100 do. 1844, do. 34 25-100do. ' 1845^. do. 26 75-100 do. New York City, George A. Dwight-—encloses a letter firom Edwin Hunt, . . containing two., statements. Speaks ofthe great impositions practised-upon the consumer pf glass, owing to the yet imperfect state ofthe manufacture. EdAvin Hunt, at the request of Mr. Dwight, has made oat .a calculation ofthe ad valorem rate ofthe present specific, duties on certain hardware goods, on many of Avhich the duties amount to an entire prohibition, such as wood-screws; iron and brass ; brass battery or hammered kettles; thf chea.p or common butt hinges.; sad, srnoothing, and tailors' irons ; pins and iron Avire; Avhich articles are not now imported. The correctness of the statenient is attested by five ofthe largest and most respectable importing houses. • v, In 1841 he imported Avood-screws to the amount of- .£1,986 10s. 6d.,. and brass kettles, to the amountof £1,218 125., payirig about $3,500 duties on these two alone; since which time he has not iniported any, except one cask for the purpose of testing the percentage. Also, encloses a staternerit from an, importer of Avindow glass, sboAVing the duties on that article; both of which are given, marked Nos. 1 and 2. M—Contiriued. •• 00 • r r - No. l.—^A statement ofi the sterling prices ofi various hardware articles now paying specific duties, and the percentage rate ofi duties ^-^ . . o n t h e same. Par value, at $4 44 the £ . Duty* Ad valorem rate of duty. l5s. 6d. sterling per cwt., delivered in Liverpool 19.5. do. , do. do 125s. per cw.t., or i s . l^d. per l b . , delivered in Liverpool.. • Common k i n d , 8 2 | p e r cent., -a cask a m o u n t i n g to .<^15 2s. 7tZ. n e t . . $3 44 per 102 l b s . $4 22 do 241 cts. per l b . . . . 21 cts. per lb*,-or $2 80 per cwt. Do. do........ 12 cts. per lb 815 per cent 66| do. 50 do. s|54 57,. value . , , . . S m i t h s ' h a m m e r s . . . . * . . . . . . . . . C o m m o n , 17s. per-cwt., ;delivered. iri ^ L i v e r p o o l / . . . . . D6. Best steeled,. 19s. do. . d o , . . . . . . .4. Sad or smoothing, tailors a n d hat- " S w i n d e l l ' s ^ " 9 s . 6d. per cwt., delivered in.Liverpool. t e r s ' irons. ; . " . I r o n wire, N o s . 0 to 6 A bundle of 63 lbs.,cost 6s. dd. net/sterling. W r o u g h t rose-head nails, a b a g 2Is. 3 j d . net, sterling, delivered in L i v e r p o o l / . . . . . . . . of 100 lbs. .8d. Pins, mixed.. ;. T h i n k , i s . 2d. per l b . , n e t ; . . / ; ,.. ,,, S a w s , c r o s s - c u t . i . . . .^.. 6-feetGerman steel,22s.-r-70 p e r c e n t . , is 6s. 7|rf. each. -Screws, iron, called " W o o d - A cask of " J a m e s > , " amounting: to <f 69 15s. Od. . . . screWs." S c r e w s , b r a s s . . . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . A lot,:costing £ ^ ls.:'10d.-.... . . . . . . . ..;.-,•...^.... - p -78 per 112 lbs. 14 22 do../.. | 2 11 do..... 2 | cts. per lb.; net weight in this cask, 1,624 lbs.; amount of dutypaid, $40 60. 74i 2^ cts. per lb., or $2 80 per cwt. 733 Do.do 67 Do. d o . . . . . . . . 135 do. do. do. do. $1 50 per bundle.. p 72 for lOOlbs.. 5 cts per lb., or $3 15 for 63 lbs. 210 4 cts. per lb., or $4 per bag 85 do. do. 26 cts. per l b . . . . . $1 46 each.... * . . $310...... 20:ctsperlb ..... $1 each s a w . . . . . . . . : ..... 12 cts per lb. on 2,250 Ib^.; actual duty paid, $270. Duty paid, 66 lbs. at 30 cts. per lb., is $19 80.. 2 | cts. per lb,, 351 l b s . , = $ 8 87 do. do. do. Articles.- Price in England. Anvils J comnion.. . < « . < . . . . . . . . warranted....:.....,... Brass, battery or hammered kettles .; . . . . . . . . . . . . B u t t hinges, cast .Kitchen furniture, as saucepans, kettles, & c . . - A cask, amounting to £ 4 7s. 6^., net > $41 74-. $19 4 5 . W e , the undersigned, have examined the above calculations, and: find them correct. R I C H , KINGSLAND & CO., WOEFER GILLESPIE, A. W . SPIES & CO. N E W YORK, Octoher 31, 1845. GO 75 683 O ffi ;>^ 87 do. 471 do. 45 HYSLOP & BROTHER, C. V. S. ROOSEVELT, EDWIN HUNT. CO ^!) CO • CO' M—Continued. No. 2.—Duties on Window Glass, Sizes. Description. , Prices in Eriglarid.. Par value. British sheet or cylinder glass..-,, -. 4 X 6 to 6 X 8 ^ • 6s. sterling per 100 feet. $1 33per 1 78 do Do. do......----"-7 X 9 to. 8 X 10 8 do..... 2" 67 Do, do 9 X 11 to 10 X 12 12 . d o . . . . . . v . ; . : 3-00 Do, do/.... X l 3 t o l 0 x 14 14 . •.. •.; 10 d o . . . . . . . . . . : 3 56 Do. do..... 10 X 15 t o l l X 16 16 16 do. 3 56 Do. do . . . i l X 17 to 12 X 18 do......V.V,' . . . . i . . 12 X 18 to 16 X 24 18 4 00 Do, do..... d o , . . . . ; , , ; . 4 88' ;..., ._;^Do. ., ,^ ^. :_^ . d o . . . . . ; 18 X 2 4 t o 3 l X 4g 22 do........,, 178 (3rown .window glass; , 4 X 6 to 6 X 8 8 . « . . . ; . ^' 7 X 9 to 8 X 10 10 2 22' Do. do..... do...;.. Do, do .. do...;/..... 3 56 9 X 10 to 10 X 12 16 Do'. do do...;...,.; 4 00 ^ 10 X 13 to 10 X 14 18 Da. . do 4 66 do ;.., 10 X 15 to 11 X 16 21 Do. do . 5 37 do • 11 X 17 to 12 X 18 24 Do. do..... 6 66 30 d o , , . ; . . , . . : . 12 X 19 to 18 X 26 : : : : : : : : : • : • . . . • * . . - ; Americari duty. lOOfeet. do.,;;-' do..,. do.,,. do.;., do.,, do.;. do;,. do... do...: do... do.;. ; do;,. do..; do... • . - ' : $2 00 per i 2 00 2 50 35a 4 00' 5 00 6-00 600 3 50 3 50 5 00 6 00 : 7 00 ,8 00 . 10 00 100 feet, do do....; do.;;..do;.... do do..;.. do.,,;. do...., do.;;;; do.,;;. do.;;.^. do;.... do.;... do.,;.. Ad valorem rate of such duty. 150' per cent, 112i do. ^ 94 do. 112i: do. • 112i do. 140" do, 150 do. 123 do, 198 do. • 165 do. • 145 do, 150' do. 150- do. 1 150 do. 150 do. W M . CHANCE, JR., Per JAMES H , HERVV. pi w O m 1845.]: 325 S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. M—Contin.ued, Port: ofi Black: Rock, Distriet ofi Buffalo Creek, From C P , Turrier, Deputy CoUector, Abstract.-r-T'TSot doubting but that your official position, has freqrierrtly brouglit. you in contact with the., fi'arids. and deceptiorrs: ,prae.ti.sed upori: the reyenue b.y importers,, under that, most arijple. shield, for corruptiori, the tariff of 1.842,, Lhave thought it not out. of place for me, nor perhaps. toQ much a tax- upoU: your time, tOr direct your attention to the operation of the sys:tem upon a portion of our northern frontier.. In that portion of Canada. West bordering on. Lake Ontario, the Niagara river,, and Lake Erie, agriciilturists,/for the last two or three years,, have erigaged somewhat extensively in the growing of wool. In consequence of a lack of manufactures in that portion of Canada, growers, of necessity,; have had to. resort to. a United States^ market. A majority of the wool grown in Canada, and imported to the United States, I am sat-, isfied, from personal observation, will vary in value from two to three cents per pound less in our niarkets than a rnajority of the wool grown, by our farmers and. sold in the. same markets. It is geneirally a. coarserquality. It is. probably safe.to. assume that the: Canada wool has, on an average,.been worth iaour markets the present season from 23 to, 25 cents per pound, and would average 18f cents per pound in'Cariada as its cash value; last season the prices were somewhat higher. Importers, for the purpose of avaihng. therriselves^^ 5;pe.r cent... duty, resort to the expedient, of irnporting the wool on the; skin.. This, you will per-^ ceive by theerrtries which I copy frorn the books of this office, made by the ex-daprity collector last, season, and also at the port o^f Black Rock Dam], under the sanction of an appraisal,, furnishes a two-fold system of fraud:. First, it will appeax that a mere nominal duty was, collected upon wool last year, in consequence of underrating the value and quarrr tity of wool upori^ the pelts, aS; the following examples of the entries: will show: • Date, of entry/ 'Amount of wool Amount of wool No, of peltSi Value of pelts. • entered at 7 cts. entered at 12 cts. j:' . Septembers, 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . September 12, 1844 September 26:, 1844.,......;. : October 3, 18.44 ....,...,. October 10„ 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . October 1 2 , 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . October 17,18.44..; December 13,1844 January 2, 1 8 4 5 . ; . . . •' February 11„1845..,..,,... Total.............. 1,200 1,030 1,00.0 1,5.10 1,800 800 i 1,60,0 1,30.0 812 . 1.26 11,168 $48 0.0 51 SOSO 00 60:00 72 00 40 00 80 00 6S00 40 60 6 30. $513 50 550 pounds. ^ 1,615 " i 6.75 •*.* . . 900. ^' ^ 1,500 " 1,200 " > 1,500. ** 1,170 " ' 1,1^20 ^'• i -lao; "10,360 pounds. 50.- pounds. 150 '^ 75. " 100 ^\ : 100 100 100 80 20 ^' " . " ' 1 i* 1 ^^ 1 775 pounds. It appears, by this table that the quantity of wool upon the pelts was 326 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845, M—Continued. . averaged at less than one pound each, and the valueof the skins less-than 4f cents each, and the amount of wool entered at over 7 cents; averaging a little over 13 pounds'to the 100 pounds. Itwould appear to-be somewhat remarkable, that i n t h e ten entries made at different dates there should, be in each entry so near an average of coarse and fine wool, and from September to February no more difference in the amount of wool upon each pelt;, but such are the entries, sanctioned by the oath of, the importer, or his age:nt. There may be ia reasonable doubt of the propriety of such entries, contrasted with the entries made by the same importer of purchases made in the same mar'kets, the present season, at correspondirig dates, as follows: No. of pelts. V'alue of pelts. Amount of wool Amount, of wool entered at 7 cts. entered at 5 | cts. Date of entry. September 27, 1845/ October 20, 1845 October 24,1845 .. Total... i 1,152 r,372 > 5m 3,024 P 1 5 20 • 17150 62 50 3,487 pounds. $349 20 3,487 pounds. 3,600 pounds. 1,500 " 5,100 pounds. • The qtrantity df wool upon the pelts, in these entries, it seems, averaged nearly three pounds each, and the skins at nearly twelve cents each; thus exhibiting a somewhat remarkable increase, in the quantity of wool realized from pelts purchased this season over that realized from pelts purchased at corresponding periods of last year; and a somewhat nrore remarkable advance in the value of skins. These differences, however, are accounted for not in so wide a difference.in the yield of wool, nor so great an advance in the market value of skins, but from the fact that after Mr. Rogers, the present collector of this district, became acquainted with the frauds which before had been practised, he directed a different criterion to be "observed, and the only one which it is believed the present law. contemplates; that is, to estimate the value of wool on pelts the same as other wool, and collect duty upon the "value of'the wool in the principal markets of the country where it was purchased.". In consequence of the deputy collector refusing* to receive the last entries as rriade, the importer asked ari appraisal under the 16th sectionof the law-of 1842, which resulted in sanctioning an entry of the wool at 7 cents per pound,'and the skins at 10 cents each; the inrporter introducing his agents a,nd workmen to prove that the pelts cost in gross about 28 cents each, and that the skiris, after the wool was piilled, were, worth 12 cents each in Canada,'and .would averages pounds of wool each. Thus, by overrating the value of the skins, and the quantity of wool, the importer was furnished vidth a successful stratagem to avail himself of the 5 per cent. duty. i I respectfully suggest that the appointment of one appraiser on the part of the Government, who would have a general supervision over the 1845'.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. . M—Continued. 327 ,' valuation of articles to be entered, and whose business it Would be to obtain such information as is unavoidably beyond;the control of the several collectors, would not only produce uniformity in entries, but in a great measure guard the revenue against frauds that may be practised under any sys.tem that fixes an ad valorem rate of duty to be collected. One appraiser, I have no doubt, could perform the duties incumbent upon him, upon all that portion of the frontier extending from Oswego, in this State, to Erie, Pennsylvania; and in case of an appraisal, could act in conjunction with one appointed by the collector at the port where such • appraisal, should take place. New York city. From William Depew. Ahstract.—-In view of the contemplated revisai of the tariff, takes the liberty of .calhng the attention of the Secretary to the inconsistent rates of duty which are now charged on wines. ' His predecessor, the late Nathaniel Cogswell, was engagedin, and carried on for many years, a trade with the island of Grand Canary, inrporting from that place the article known as Canary wine, and making returhs for a large portion of the proceeds in our products. Since the business came into Mr. Depew's hands, not a gallon of Canary wine has been imported into this country in consequence of the prohibitive and extremely unjust duty of 60 cents per gallon. Speaks ofthe duties on different kinds of wine, and of Judge Bibb's construction ofthe treaty with Portugal, under which Madeira is adr^nitted at a duty of 7J cents/ and Port at 6 cents per gallon, while Sherry is imported as white wirie of Spain, at a duty of only 12 J cents per gallon, and points out other inconsistencies in regard to other wines. New York city. From C. A. Secor. Abstract.—^-^e^ks of the duty on sheathing copper and vSheathing metal; ofthe advantages the European mechanic has over the American. • Ta,kes the liberty of suggesting the only renr.edy which will materially promote the general interest, viz: that of striking off the duty on " sheathing metal,"-on a revision of the tariff. Oswego. .From Hon. D . P . Brewster. ' ^ Abstract.—Acknowledges the receipt, of the circulax, and regrets that he cannot furnish any information other than that contained in a speech delivered by him in .the House of Representatives in 1842, which he encloses. . Rochester. From Aaron Erickson. Abstract.—The collector of this port, Mr. L. B. Langworthy, has requested me to address you a letter, communicating such views as a somewhat extensive experiehce in the domestic wool trade ofthe couritry rnay have suggested to my mind. 328^ R E P O R T S OF T H E E1845. M-—Cbntinued^^ The average price of wool in western' New York, as realized by the? growers for the last eleven-years, is as follows: 1835,: average price 35 cents per pound. 1836,, 36 do. do. , do. 1837,. 37 . do.. do. do. 35* 1838," do. do. do. 1839i do.: do. do.. 1840, 33 do. do. do. 1841, db. 36| do.. do. 1842, ' 30J do. do. dd. 1843, 28. . do. do. do. 1844, 39| do. do. do. 29i 1845, do. do; do. Although the manufacturers and 'dealers purchased the clip of 1839'at the avera.ge cost, as above stated,- in the autumn of the same year wool declined to nearly the,price of 1840. I have, the present season, shipped fo England about 40,000 pounds of Americari fleece wool,- grown in western New York. This wool cost at the hand ofthe growers 33 cents per pound, a.nd averaged in quality about the second grade of fine wool. The eight sample bags of these shipments (and they determine the value of the whole) have been sold in Leeds at a price which, by axlding the difference of exchange, is equal in Federal money to 40 cents per pound. To arrive at the relative value of wool in this country and England, it will be necessary to add to the American cost, for collecting, packing, and transporting to tide water, or to the factories of New England, not less than 2 cents per pound, which • added; to the price paid the grower, makes the home value 35 cents, leaving a difference against the British manufacturer of 5 cents per pound; and as, from the great expense of shipping to and selling wool in England, the present experiment will rather pay a loss than a profit, the difference-must be still greater before, successful exportations can take place. > Having given /such, statistical evidence as may be justly regarded as contradicting the necessity for ai highly protective tariff,- so far a s t h e growth and manufacture of wool is concerned., it will,- nevertheless, be necessary, in order to arrive at just conclusions, to consider other causes than the mere tariff laws inconneetion with this-very important subject. It will appear fronr the above statistics that the wool grower realized a higher average price for the seven years preceding the enactrnent ofthe present tariff law, than for the four succeeding years; but it, should; be remeriibered that up to the period of 1844 this country had imported, under heavy impost duties, large quantities of foreign wools of differeht grades, and these importations, controlled the price of American wool. In 1844 the growth of wool in this country had so far increased that, with the importation of low wools, which still continued, the supply was found to be greater thah the demarid, and the still further iricrease of the present 5rear frirnishes a very considerable excess beyond the demand for domestic consumption, and that excess is now being, exported;, Gonsequently 1845.]! S E C R E T A R Y OP T S E TREASURY. MS M^—Contrnued;the inrportatioh and/exportation: pricesv the trade being reversed, are tO; be r^egarded a^s determining the prices of American wools' at the different periods stated. '• . ^ The question, theh,-naituraly arises, in view of the&ets stated, what benefit does the Ameriean wool grower receive frorln^ the action of thepresent tariff? The answer to- my mind is clear,, that he receives- none beyond that incidental- benefit that may be supposed^ to flow from the general prosperity consequent .upon the: well-employed and well-paidindustry of the country.: Fdr whilst he is obliged to look abroad for the sale of so much of his production- a;S determines the price of the whole,/ large quantities of foreign wools ai^e introduced into this country paying only a nominal duty. It is a fallacy that any description of wool can be imported into this country that does not compete directly with the American article. The different, grades of wool are • so. minutely removed frora each other as to be imperceptible; and when one grade is relatively higher than another,, .the next grade is substituted, until the whole isbrought to a corresponding: price. • All the wools that are imported into, this country really at a cost of seven cents, or under, are- only so imported for the reason that, an average of not less than one-halfi of the whole; weight is GomiDosed of the impurities contained in them. These evils can be remedied only by a- specific d.uty on such wools, or by horrre valiiation, subject to. the same rate of duty as wools: of higher cost. . Hitherto this country has been, the chief comipetitor with England for the purchase of the surplus wools ofthe world, and it is: highly interesting, at this time to; contemplate our altered relations. The history of the introduction of the cotton culture in. this, couritry, its extraordinary progress and wonderful results, is> hardly more rernarkable than-the consequenees that have followed theintroduction of a few fine-wooled. sheep into this eountry from^ Spain and Germany a.t a still much later period; which,: blended with our. native ^tock, have not' only sirpplied the domestic demands of twenty millions of people, but the countries from which these first germs were imported are at this moment actually menaced with the •reaction of a large excess—a. fa;ct that cannot:but be regarded with the most lively interest both in the: Old World and the New. And here the mind is: brought to contiemplate an ample field for corrjeeture; but it has . not. been my purpose to enter into any arithmetical ealculation of the '"progress of demand and snapply, or; to speculate uponthe cha,nce s o f successful rivalry; the prudent merchant, however, will,. I think, ;proceed cautiously with a customer whohas; the world for his rnarket,. without a competitor. This is literally the case with England at this time. ^ If I have not been mistaken in any important point in the view I have here taken, it would seem evident that neither the wool grower .nor the manufacturer of wool, as suchy is or can be interested hi a high rate of duty. Thelatter ha,s a protection in the relative low. price of the raw material much more likely to be permanent than any lav^ of Congress., The tariff on woolen goods is,, therefore, purely a revenue question. In conclusion, allow rne to say that I have here stated such facts and opinions as have seemed to mie to be: important, without, considering, what 330 \ R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued, their bearings might be upon the great question of a protective tariff that now- divides the political parties of the country. I will only add that what is true of wool and woolens, is not true of many other branches of industry. It could hardly be expected that human wisdoni could frame a law for the commercial regulations of a great nation so perfect that experience would not detect err'ors as well as suggest improvements; and in this light I regard the present tariff. No one could regret more than myself to see its essential principles abandoned. Hoping that tlie spirit of comproniise and devotion to the public good may give stability to a law of such vital ihrportance, • I am, &c. ^ New York. From T. F . CorneU. " ., : Abstract.'—I take the liberty to call your attention to a subject, at present coming within.the scope of your ofl&cial duties, in which the citizeris of this State, as well as those of all the western States, have a deep interest. The articles of pot and pearl ashes, it is known to some, form one of the most iniportant staples ofthese States, and, until the last two or three years, entered largely into the consumption of all our glass manufacturers and bleachers, soap boilers, &c., throughout the United States. To the detriment of the manufacturers of these ashes, and all others dealing in therir, embracing almost every merchant throughout the country and in the cities, au article known as soda ash has lately found its way into this country, which, by being admitted by thepayment ofa mere nominal duty, has lately usurped the place of our pot ashes, and reduced them in price, much to the injury of all interested in theirproduction, and to the benefit of only a few individuals whb import this article from Europe, where it is produced in large quantities; and by being subject.only to a small ad valorem duty, and invoiced at the place of exportation at a low figure, the chief benefit accrues to the European houses. If I mistake not, this article of soda ash was formerly subject to a duty of 33^ per cent.; b u t i t now stands at a rnere nominal duty. If there be an article within'the whole range pf the tariff requiring a revision, it is this article of soda ash. By imposing a duty, the object of an increased revenue is obtairied, and an incidental protection afforded to thousands of our settlers, in the new western States—to all the nrerchants, inthe country and city^—in fine, there is no limit to the incalculahle benefit that would be produced to all parties interested in ashes, by adopting the suggestion which I have made. Our rnembers from this State, as well as those from the western States, will be addressed on this subject, ahd will unite in their efforts to bring about the desired object. \ ^ There are two other articles which are admitted from abroad (I think) free of duty, which seriously conflict with the home use of our ashes, viz: barilla and sal soda. ' • . . . ' New York. From Cogswell, Crane if Co. ^ Abstract.—We hand you, herewith, a request relative to a landing cer 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 331, M—Continued. tificate, and now address you on the subject of bounty or returh duty on molasses distilled in this countr}^ We are extensively erigaged in this business, and feel seriously the loss of bounty which occurs under the present law. We feel that we are entitled to the same treatment as the refiners of sugar for export. Our business is injured materially by the present law; and as we haye understood that you'.are engaged in revising the existing tariffj we have taken the liberty of drawing your. riotice to the above matter, as the manufacturing aswell asthe commercial iriterests ofthe country would be promoted. .We sincerely hope that you may give this matter your usual thorough examination, as it really is very unjust towards a large interest of the people of this country. W e trust that you will pardon the liberty which we have taken, but a sense of the importance of a revision of this subject compels us to intrude these remarks upon your notice. ' Considerations on the Tariff—by a Farmer. [From the Westchester Herald.] - ' ^ 1st. What equivalent does the farmer get for the ta.x he pays on goods ? The tax on foreign goods, at the custom-house, is said to average about 40 per cent., on which the inrporter has his profit, and the country merchant his; so that it brings it up to fifty dollars on the hundred, or thereabouts; and that is about double the amount that would be taken by a tariff for revenue. Now, what equivalerit does the manufacturer rerider the farrher, for such an extravagant protection to hi$ pursuit ? No doubt he would say, I make a home market for your produce, and if. you will only consent to stand the tax, I will increase the number -of my worknren, who, instead of being producers, will become consumers; there will be less breadstuffs produced when laborers are abstracted from agriculture. I grant it; the farrher will produce less, and have to pay more for his goods. Yes, he will have to pay you a handsome profit; perhaps four times as much as he makes on his farm capital. But, say you, there being fewer producers, and- rirore consunrers, the price of produce must consequently rise. That by vho means follows; for there is so rn.uch produced, that all the nrariufacturers necessary to supply this country with such things as can be made here will be fed; and so far as related to cottons, the whole country will be clothed, and still a large surplus- be left for exportation. "Ther'efore, the price will be what it is Worth to export, and no more: more likely less, from our refusing to take -manufactures in exchange, for no- nation can buy that does not also sell. . • 2d. If .a tariff raised the price of othej things to correspond with the price of goods, wherein would the manufacturer be benefited? Surely, he would have to pay more for the raw material, more for his foctory la.bor,. and the laborer more to the farmer for his bread and meat,—and so on to the end of the chapter. Therefore, if protectionists' assertions 332 ; R E P O R T S OF T H E M—Continued^ be true, that all other classes, professions,, and, trades-are to. he alike; benefited, the nianufacturer would=not be protected at all by a.tax om foreign goods.. ^ I want this truth ta be deeply impressed, on thef minds of a,U—that favor to everybody is.favor to nobody; and that unless' there be some.body else to grind up to feed the: favored orres,. it is^ rio: favor at all. . 3d. Any tariff that lies against the .trade of a natiori, lies against thei nation itself. A tariff which, makes- against the iirrporting- trade: of a;. nation,, makes also: against the exporting trade of that nation, as. a riiatter of cohsequence; because no riation can export that does-, not also importv And. a tax which lies against either- the importing- or exporting trade of a nation,-lies against the nation itself, and is felt in. full force by that nation as a whole or. unit,, although, a part of that nation may be bener fited—even/as the mass suffer by the burning of a city,, although, brickr layers and dealers in old iron may be benefited. 4th. The ma.nufc£cturer's- gain and, the nation's-loss, contrasted: The manufacturer who is protected, is not protected and benefited to the extent ofthe tax. . If that were the ,ease,he would need little or no protection; because his business would already have been on a par with . other employments; but it is in this manner: A.certain manufacture eannot b e carried o,n in this country without a loss of 2.0-per cerit., unless somebody else is taxed, to support it, or protect it, as the tariff manwould say. . Well, if the tax.be 40 per cent., then the manufacturer earii: carry on tha;t branch of business at,a.profit of.20:per cent.; but allthe rest of the nation: that consumes tha/t article is taxed 40. per cent., that the manufacturer may make a profit of 20 per cent.. And the less the manufacturer makes the greate.r the sum. lost by the- nation in supporting him;, thus, if he made but 5 per cerrt., we should be paying .35 per cent, for nothing. Where the manufactrirer makes,. b.y the aid of a. tariff, a .larger percentage than is: made. in . other employments, the overplus is .drawn from thos:e: other employments, which ar:e: thus made poorer;, for , whatever one man.or set of men nrakes in moriey clear is drawn frorh others who^are losing.. This is right whenit is obtained by a. c:0mpeti>tion that is.fair, open, and free; but when the transfer is made by legislation, it is worse than agrarianism. . ^ • 6th. How other tra-de^s and ertaployments are injured:, and the dependence of one employment, on ariother exemplified.:. , . . . The farmers, under a high tariff,, get no more: or not so much.for their produce, and have to pay more for their goods, and groceries: being the principal consumers of the countr}^, they bear the burden of the tax. The common trades of the couritry suffer still more, than the farmirig interest. Take the shoem'als:ers, for example, and they are far more numerous than any other manufacturers—their trade requires nothirig more than a revenue tariff*,, if it does; ,that, to keep out. foreign competitivn;. the few boots and shoes that are imported, coxcombs will, have at alnrost,. any price. But he pa3^s more for goods and groceries. The farmer, suffering by the tax, cannot affbrd to pay the common mechanic as much a.s 4B45.| S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. . 333 M—Continued. teetherwise could, jbecause ihe has not-wherewith to pay;; therefore we:must endeavor to get alorig with less boots and.shoes, or get them at a.less price. The blacksmith hammers iron taxed forty dollars on .the hundred dollars' worth, besides the riiierchant's profits, and :gets back :as riruch of the t a x a s h e c a n rf the farrxier; :but the loss, from obvious reasons, is borne between them. He false pays :-more to the ^merchant for the same quantity :or'amount ^o^f goods, hnt ihis means being less he .must do with less; mid therefore, under the restrictive ^system, he has to excha.nge'.ihe same amount of labor ifor a.:less amo.unt of erijoyment. There axe no houses impdrted, that-Ldmowof, to come ;in competitiiotn w-ith/carpenters and masons, ::and I trattier .think the tax :is a dead weight on them. The butcher ^'and feker must also be injured, the farmer'isioss having.to be borne iin-part ^byoOther trades.;'their market is irijured for bread and' meat, and thus ahightariff or t a x injures ;all iriterests except those which ' axe protected. -It is therefore true that all employments are dependent on each other, •and whatever injures ©he vuseful employment .injures, ^in the aggregate, all the rest. , "-Sth. A tariff ibr protedtion contrasted with; a tariff for revenue, &c. . A high tariff is clearly injurious to t h e b e s t iriterests of the country; but the evil:is =-mitigatedif the t a x i s laid for revenue purposes, protection •being the .incident, i f :it be laid for revenue, dis criminating, in favor of t h e poor^who would ^otherwise have to-pay, as at present, far more than^their-share,in^so.fer ;as'this:tax goes to:support the Government in lieu -'of other taxes, its inequality might ibe no very serious objection to it. But in .so far a s i t enhances :the price-of similar" : articles made at home itis^a tax onthe consumer, for which .lie receives-little or no beriefit. Thus, if domestic -goods of like-.character equal in amount the imported,, theyare erihanced in price to-mi equal amourit; and in order to collect a reveriue of twerity millions ofdollars :ori foreign goods under a tariffof 2Qiper cent., the consumers pay twenty millions more to :doriiestic manufacturers. ;0r,in other words, the consumers have to p a y a t a x of ibrtj?, millions-on both foreign/and doniestic goods in-order that twerity millions hiay be realized for the support of Goverriment. -Now, .that is the case under a tariff for revenue—the.cansumer. pays two dollars to get. one into the Treasury, •which is bad enough in all conscience. :Eut if. the tariff be dike .the preserit, ohe of protection for protection, and the tax be 40 instead of .20 per cent., the design of which is to increase the amourit of goodsmade inthis country, and one-half theimports are -cut off by such ^a tariff, the reverrue would still be twenty millions of dollars; but now •three-quarters of our goods of like character would be made at home, "and would be. enhanced in price: by the tariff equally with the;iraported goods of like descriptioh; then, in order to ra;ise a revenue of twenty millions of dollars, t h e consumers would pay a tax of eighty millions, or -four-dollars to fget. one into t h e Tr.easury, which is the state the protectionists are now bririging us to as fast as they can. -Now, farraers :and mechanic's,'you-areiri].ured .by.:any:and all tariffs. 334 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. •,' M-^Continued. Which would you rather do, pay two dollars to get one under a revenue tariff of 20 per cent., which James K. Polk is in favor of? or pay four dollars to get one under the present tariff of 40 per cent.,, for which Henry Clay stands committed ? . • Here Iwill notice a fallacy of Daniel Webster's, delivered atthe mass meeting at Albany, and which was the only point he madein political economy in all his great flourish of words; which I will notice for the purpose of showing up the sophistry and deceit of the high tariff advocates. He says: **Suppose a man has to pay five dollars towards the * support of Governmerit—it makes no difference to him whether he pays * it directly out,of his pocket, or in the shape of. a tax on foreign goods, ' b u t that it may make a great difference to his next neighbor, who is * manufacturing the same kind of goods." But Daniel did not tell us who paid the raise on his neighbor's goods. Now, thq difference is this: for the five dollars paid at the custom-house, there has to be perhaps fifteen dollaxs paid to the domestic manufacturer—making twenty in all —that the Government may, get five or four to one; but in paying the tax-direct, he pays but one for one. This is a fair specimen of the sophistry of the high taxiff men. . ' ' • 7th. The excuse for a high tariff, on'the ground of being independent in the event ofwar, considered: It is urged, when all beriefit to the agriculturist is given up, t h a t we must be taxed into the support of certain manufactures, lest the importatiori of them be cut off by war. • In answer to that, I.would, say that there is no prospect of this country being engaged in-war one yeaxin twent)^ . The chances are altogether in favor of peace; therefore we ought ndt to suffer a war penalty throughout the reign of peace. Our polic};^ should be the peace policy. Why prohibit goods for fear ofwar, when the war itself would, or riright,'-be the most effectual prohibition after all? But suppose the war conies; all heedful and necessary articles would be made now urider a taxiff. for revenue,, and.for that matter without any tariff at all; and why.not then? All articles that are regularly exported carinot be protected by any tariff, the price being the exporting price. Alf comm.onvmanufactures, .all good, plain, substaritial waxes, Would be made here without ahy .tariff other, than the natural orre of cost of transportation. Then why endeavor to tax us into a. stateof indeperident "poverty in tim:e.of peace? / All articles that axe regularly exported at a profit would be exported at still greater profit, were it rrot for the taxiff tax on other articles that have to be used by those producing the articles fbr-export. .For instance, coarse, cottori goods axe exported; butthe machinery is rnade. of taxed iron ;^ th.e workrnerr wear protected woolens and calico; tliey. use pro-, tected sugar and molasses, (for the.beriefit,of six hundred sugar plahters in Louisiana,) and numberless other. things, whicli increase the costef living, and add to the cost of the rnanufaeture they are erigaged in;, so that it is exported at^a less profit.. The interests of the mariufacturers of articles for export, then, are the same as those of the producers of * bread and meat. ' , ' • The less, the expense of Hving in any country, the cheaper they can 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 335 M-—Continued. manufacture, and the sooner they can export any particular kind of manufacture at a profit; therefore a high tariff' retards and puts off' the time when the exportation of an article can comraence. It defers the , time for another reason: it retards the. accumulation of capital; without capital and labor united,, we cannot manufacture. If I, b}^ six days' work, urider a moderate tariff, can obtain as much as I could by eight days' .work under a high tariff, I lose one quarter of my time, w^hich would otherwise be employed in rnaking improvements which would add to the capital and wealth of the couritry. And if I am so taxed that in order to live I have to occupy my whole time, then I make^ no increase of capital at all. The restrictive system, then, instead of hastening the ^ time wheri we shall be independent of other nations, actually puts it off'. 8th. An inquiry, as to which party is most likely to reduce American labor to a par with British pauper labor : It is said, that by a tariff for revenue -we will be supporting British pauper, labor in preference to American la;.bor; but those who make the assertion seem to overlook thefact that the imported goods are purchased with the products of Araerican • labor, which can be raore profita.bly exchanged for the products of foreign labor (or it would not be) than eraployed in rnaking the sarae kind of, goods at horae; and therefore it is the true raode of protecting Araerican labor, for by that raeans it gets the best returns; and if the starving millions of Europe are benefited by it, so are^we, the benefit being reciprocal. But the protectionist is wilhng to sacrifice the interests ofthe American laborer, if by so doing he can prevent bread from entering the mouths of the foreign poor. What philanthropy of the dog-in-the-manger . school! ' . : It is .stated again that we have manufacturers of certain articles who •must be protected, or they will be turned back into agricultural and. other employm.ents, and so reduce the rewards of labor there. I would say in answer, that I ara not sure but that we could support that portion of our raanufacturers in idleness by direct taxation, under a S5^stem of • freer trade, cheaper than we support them how by indirect taxation, which . raises the price not only of what they manufacture, but also of all similar articles imported. ' But there is another answer to that assertion, . which is, that this is a new and agricultural coimtry, and that there, is room in agriculture for a hundred tirnes as raany as are now engaged in raanufacturing such articles as would notbe raade under a revenue tariff^ for the whole nuraber of persons thus eraployed at. this time, so soon after the imposition of this high tariff*, does not probably equal the foreign immigration of a single year. So far from the prohibitory systera protecting Arnerican labor, it plunders.it. The farraer gets no raore fbr his produce, and pays more for his goods; consequently gets less for his own kbor, and has less with which to pay for that of others,—-whilst the mariufacturer, if he could affbrd to pay a great deal rnore, pays but just enough to get the labor away from the farmer, which may not be as " much, after 'all, as the farrner would pay under a moderate tariff^—the laborer, in the mean time, payihg more for his goods. The faxrn laborer, rinder the republican character of farmers^ is gen 336 REIPORTS OF T H E [1S45. ^--Continued. erally treated as an equal in their families, whilst the factory laborer's mlation to his rernployex is sufficieritly well :defined by fhis beirig .called an ''operative," which we might imagine to :be some kind of machinery [belonging:tothe .establishment, ^ h i c h .is most like British pauper labor-? So far from the high tariff men being :sincerely opposed to putting American labor-on a -par with British pauper labor, they advocate the only system that can bring it to that result. ;I-n the :first..piaGe they tax .the labor ofthe : whole nation:; curtailing the enjoyment of those in: easy .circumstances.; bringirrg a great middle -.class nearer to poverty, '.and .pauperizing the .po'br. In .the second place, :.they, by transferring from agriculture to manufactures, take thern frorii an ernploymentthat.isrnatural easy, and free, jand..-coopthem.up within factory walls, where they are subject to the same kind of :.prispn discipline "with the .British paupex laborer. And but for t h e .-arbitrary, restrictive :pdlicy, thos,e :laborers, thus.tra:risfen'e.d, would have been better xewaj-dedther^ In agriculture, if .men can make more by growirig woofthan wheat, they wiU grow less wheat and more wool. Jf they can.make niore by .pork than. :either, they will grow less wheat .and wool, and rrnake raore pork. And :they will .naturally go .into, that business-which jdelds the best returns, without the aid. o.f Congress. :.Reason ;and eomrnon sense ought to teach the-sarne men, that in any country the :business of agriculture and raanufactures starid in a certain ..relation tp;each other, the same as .the differerit branches of'farm industry alluded t o ; that each 'business .ministers to the wants of the other, and that the freer the trade between them the nearer on a par will their profits :be;:that if there be an excess of labor in rnanufactures, it will go over to agriculture, .where it will .-be-better paid. ;:But if the excess be in agriculture it will go over to rnariufactures of its own accord, and thus restorethe -equilibrium of profits. . ~ " - •. These are the /natural laws,of trade, fourided on the daws of nature, and belonging -to the riatural rights of man. ..But ruatural rights :are equal rights.; therefore you cannot, infringe m a n ' s natural rights without violating-his equalrights. Neither can you violate or infringe his:natural lights without injuring the social system. Now what does the present tariff law do? Why, it says :to agrieultrire, you ^AaZZ give up a portion of your labor to the manufacturirig interest. :But I .ask, why did not .labor go there of its own accord"? .The answer is, because it -was better paid..in agriculture-^therbest of reasons. Had it inot ;beeri, there would have been .no .necessity for a tariff t a x to . driveft out. But the fbrcing s.ystem, beirig artificial,. not .-natural, is supported, nqt;by taxirig the •manufacturer, who ought ;to pay his-.own laborers, but-by taxing the .farmer and the mechanic, who, instead .of eraploying thenr, have irad thern bought away'by the manufacturer by the-use of their own money, which the mariufacturer^ has been .enabled to itake by lawj which is a' :viola.tiorr of justice and the natural rights of man. " 9th. • Can there be a home niarket for. all. our produce? The protectionist says, tax us .on, tax us on, nntil -we have a. home market for all our:agricultural produce.. 'Their policy tendstothat result,«,in-this way: 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 337 M—Continued. the more you tax imports, the more the farmer and mechanic have to pay' for their goods, and the more the raanufacturer will get for his g o o d s as farraing goes down, manufacturing goes up, of course; according to natural laws, meri will go over from the irijured side to the benefited; side. But will enough go over to eat up aU our surplus flour and rneat, and manufacture all our: cotton? If hot, then is the farmer's and planter's price the exporting price still. But if enough do go over to effect that result, and we have no raw produce to send abroad, how are We to get our tea and coffee, and nurnberless other things that we cannot produce at horae? The answer evidently would be, that they must be purchased • by hianufacturers. And in very truth, when. eriough have been driven into raanufacturing to raake a home raarket for all our produce, they would be huraerous enough to manufacture two or three times as much as this couritry could consurhe, and the surplus would have to find aforeign market^—the priceof manufactures would be the exporting price, worth no more here than what they were worth to send to fbreign* countries. They would have to compete with Erigland for the fdreign market; and then, in truth and deed would Arnerican factory labor, and agricultural labor too—for all eraployraents find their level—-be reduced to a level with British pauper labor; a state for which the Whig party seera to have a pious abhorrence. As protection will then be coraplete, they raust resort to direct taxes for at least a part of the :reveriue. Under the protective systera one of two things must happen; either the farmer's and planter's price for raw produce rnust be the exporting price, whilst they pay raore for their goods, (or there is no protection,) or else Araerican labor raust be reduced to a par with British pauper labor. Gentlemen, take either horn of that dilemma, and acknowledge it honestly, and see how many 5''ou will get to sustain you. . ' , 10th. Ofthe laws which govern the amount ofcurrency; or, can the country get rich through the aid of a high tariff, by getting a balance of trade in specie? which I shall call the specie humbug ^of paper money men. If we take specie from dne side of the Atlantic arid put it in circula-' tion on the other, it will lower prices where it is taken from, and raise prices where it is taken^ to. If it conies frorri Erigland here, it must depress prices there and raise prices here^^depress the price of dur staples there, and raise the price- of their godds here; of course, our' staples bririg less, and their goods more. We expoit less in value, and iraport raore in value. In fact, the balance of trade raust then turn against us, and be paid in specie. The same thing is true if the case be reversed, and specie taken from here to England—prices would fall here and rise there. Their goodswould bring less here, and our agricultural staples more there. They would get less and pay rnore. Many good-hearted and well-disposed raen support a high tariff for no' other reason, as they allege, than to keep our specie in the country. To such I would say, that orily a certain portion of the currency ofthe whole world belongs to us, or can be supported, kept, or maintained by us, and VOL. v.—22. 338 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845.. M—Continued.. that portion is. fixed by the laws of trade; that the more specie foreign traders take of us, the less price they will get.for their goods; and it is only when our currency is in excess: that specie will be drawn from us, until prices are restored to their natural level, despite all tariff men's;theories. ^But a country under a high tariff can support more currenGy than, linder a low one, because, for a limited tirne, by dirainishing iraports it protects specie frora exportation. The importation of goods will be less profitable, they being taxed at the custom-house; but the exports will go forward to a rather poorer rnarket, and be exchanged in part for such articles as can be:still brought in, and the balance taken in- specie. As soon as a sufficierrcy of specie has been brought in. by that operation of trade tp raise the price of goods as much: pex cent, as the duty laid- upon them,, they can be imported again, and the imports and exports of specie will again, be regulated by the laws of trade. The increased, price of goods through the accumulation ofcurrency under a tariff, again adraits of foreign competition, and thus the more protection our rnanufacturers get the more they will ask for. This is proved by the operation ofthe present tariff Last year there-were twenty millions of specie irnported; the price of goods raised;- and this year they are- again iraported at a profit; so that a further increase of specicj by raising prices, of goods-, must soon be reduced to its natural level. But. this inflation of prices does not reach the farmer's produce; The price of all articles of which a portiori is exported must remain depressed, whilst- all articles iraported, or like articles made here, advance in price. The farmer bears the brunt ofthe loss. B.ut the domestic manufacturer still has the advaritage of the fbreign in what he is: able to sell, the tax: still continuing-—^the difference in affairs now being, theit a part of the tax we had been pa.ying to the doraestic raanufacturer is now paid at the custora-house on foreign goods, forthe beriefit of the Governmerit, and to that extent the people are benefited. But supposing we could exchange the products of our labor for specie continually, (which is not the case, for no nation can sell much that does not also buy,) and have it accurnulate on our hands: what good would it do- us SQ long as we kept it, and did not exchange it for something to eat,.drink, wear or use in some other way? Those who are so fearful of losing pur s.pecie, had better.turri their attention to the banking system of this, country; for: a bank irifla.tion drives-out the specie, .and a ruinous contraction, which goes as. much below, brings it back. I think it must be evident froni this article that, the consumer here, riot the foreign: manufacturer, pays, the tax. The agricultural interest pays it. ..So- also in England the consumers;of imported articles pay the tax. But. there the ma;nufacturing interest is the eX:porting; interest,, and agriculture is the interest protected;-—they import, breadstuffs, and, as a. consequence, the consumers of breadstuffs pay the tax. Bythe accumu-. lation of currency there, .under, the high: tax on imports,, floux is m a d e to , bear a price about double what it. is worth here,, and. hence- w e caU: export it tO: them,, they paying us. what it is worth, here—the. costs j charges, arid profits,.arid their duties.besides. 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 339 M-^Contiriued. A most dishonest atteriipt has been made for political purposes, in the Juriius tracts, to make people believe that, for the want ofa high protective dr prohibitory tariff, the balance of trade has been against us about four hundred millions ofdollars since 1789, and that the cduntry is that much poorer thanit should be; because our balance of imports over exports amoririts to niearly that sum. The question is summarily disposed of by James BateSvof Norridgewockj Maine,4ri a letter td the Albany Cultivator, ih the following manner: " If a wagoner, from Verrnont should tal^e a load of notions^to Boston^ *arid a Idad of groceries back, as the avails of his export load, which ^ was not worth ariy raore on his> returri than he gave for his load at ^ starting, how long would i t take hira to get rich, or for the town in * which he lived to become rich, by a thousand sucb transactions? ' When ships are employed on similar errands to all parts of the globe, , * the ma:,griitude ofthe affair seems to involve it in a fog, and every little ^ while ^ome wiseacre is crying about the ruinous effects of the balarice * of trade, &c." Again, that "our exports are valued at the' place of departure, and * our imports, until 1833, were valued at the foreign invoice, with 20 ^ per cent, added to those beyorid the Cape of Good Hope, and 10 per * cent, for all others, as cost of transportation and profit. Sirice then ^' they are valued by the true price at the port of entry. Now it is easy ' t o see the value df imports should be so much greater than that of the ^exports a s t o cover the use of ships, wages of rnen, finding, insurance *and profits." l l t h . Do the farmers ask protection—arid has any class Arightto demand it? I riever yet heard a farmer of any party, at any time, say that he was in favor of taking of the manufacturer or mechanic more price by nine cents per pound on cheese, or a dollar per barrel on flour, or IOO- per cent, on beef, more than the article was worth iri the raarket at the time of sale; arid if he was tdld that he should not orily have the. right to, but should riiake them pay to him that much in addition to what they now pay, he,would rio doubt say, I do not wish to be dishonest; I do not wish to take the advantage of an unjust law. H e would not find it in his heart to tell the shoemaker, who furnishes him with boots and shoes, arid takes his pay in flour arid meat^ a little at a tirae, for the iraraediate support df his faraily, that he must pay the accustomed market price, and an addition of 40 to^ 50 per cent, by way of protecting him, or making him a legahzed robber. In dther words, he Would not like to give him in exchange for the same amount- of work ten pounds of chedse instead' of twenty-five, or five bushels of wheat instead of six^ of on^-half a- quarter of beef instead of a whole one,-—all of wliich the present law says^ he may do if he cam No; he would shrink frorii such grinding oppression. If 1,^ a;S a-farmer; were corripelled to take, through the operation^ of ari^ oppressive law, one dollar and fifty cerits for that which otherwise could have beeriiboughl by the consumer for a dollar, I should feel bound in good conscierice td 340 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—-Continued. refund the fifty cerits. The tariff leaders, iricluding tlie God-like Daniel, sneer at the idea of the protection incidental to a revenue tariffin other words incidental protection—and call itaccidental, and say they go for protection for. the sake of protection; but urider the present state of the, country they have no rnore. right to protection frorn rne on that ground than they have to steal ray corri. It is not a whit raore honest. It is the producer.of .raeat and breadstuffs that gets the accidental protection,^perhaps once in a generation, whilst the cotton grdwer's protection does not amount.to an.acciderit, he never getting any. All protected alike mearis all irijured alike. All cannot under any tariff be- protected- alike, because the farmer, planter, and comraon mechanic canriot be protected at all; and inasriiuch as foreign. goods would notbe imported at all if it were not cheaper than to make thern here, itis plain,that a prptective or prohibitory tariff^ by preventing our buying to the best advaritage, is a national injury; but as a certain portion of our people are benefited by this national injury, it foUows that the whole natidnal loss falls upon the portion not benefited, to whicli is to be. added the amdunt which the protected interest gains by.that which caused the riational loss. Now if all are to be protected alike, arid protectidn causes national loss, it follows that all ought .to be affected alike, which being for evil, the-manufacturer ought to lose as well as the farmer and mechanic; but if the manufacturer causes the farmer to lose by indirect taxation at the custom-house, and the farmer cannot cause the mariufacturer to lose at the sarae place, because agricultural products, are not irnported, and thus rnade susceptible of, arr increase of price to the rnanufactures by. faxing them, it follows that, to equalize the protection and distribute the loss, it will become necessar}^ to levy internal custoras ori all the rnanufacturers and tlieir operatives, on all they consurae and use which is the produce of farmers and mechanics, or else tax them direct and distribute the amount amongthe injured classes; that would be equal protection,, or protecting all alike. I t i s Whig protection, equahzed and distributed according to their professions of benefiting aU ahke; hut not according to their practice, which is to benefit the. few at the experise df the many. If you would protect all alike, let trade alorie^ 13th. When will manufactures flourish naturally? This is, and ought to be, emphatically an agricultural countryi But manufactures also are destined to flourish here. And each particular branch will be engaged in and flourish without taxing, other, eraplpyrnents to support it, wBenever individual sagacity (which is better than legislative wisdom in such matters) can perceive that la,bor will be as well or better rewarded in that branch than in agriculture. For if it will not be as well rewarded without taxing other interests to support it, it goes to show that there is not yet asufficient accumulation df labor and capital in the country to be diverted to it, and therefore it is premature. Who cannot perceive that under such circumstances a low, revenue tariff, such a s all are wilhng to subrnit to, is a sufficient tax to pa}^ fdr any contingent benefit that rhay ensue in case of war or non-intercourse? 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. 341 M—Continued. This concludes my examination of the protective system, which has necessarily been hasty in consequence of pressing engagemerits on the farm. I am weU. assured that that which is wrong in theory cannot be correct in practice, and that the present tariff will be tolerated' no longer than the time when the subject is understood. Let those who are . determined to think that the more toll the miller takes the more meal he gets, give verit to their patriotism by paying tribute to the manufacturers to their hearts' content; but Polk Wright rnen protest against being, compelled to join in the tribute, as their patriotism runs in quite a different channel. . W e had rather stick to the old toll-dish, but are wilhng that they should allow the miller to ma:ke theirs, high enough to agree with their philosophy. W e do not believe in the doctrine that the more a thirig is taxed^, the cheaper it is; that the rnore we pay for an article, the less it costs us. . • . A variety of charming expressions are rnade use of to tickle the fancies of our people into a love for the doctrine of protection. They are told that it is to''stimulate industry." And irr truth that will be the effect, if we are to realize as ranch as under a systera of freer trade, for w e W'ill have to work one quarter harder to obtain the; sarae araount of enjoyment. And many of those who are in debt will very likely, in utter despair, stimulate ih sorne other way. It is to "develope resources;" but it is- the resources of necessity, burdened with tax, seeking out ways and nn^ans to get along. I t i s called the ^' American system f but what a prostitution of terras! Can that system be American which shackles trade and deriies to us the markets of the world ? which .prevents'our selhng where we can get the best price, and buying where we can buy the cheapest? which taxes the rnillions in order that a few factory owners raay amass princely fortunes in kinds of business for which the country is not ripe? No; there is nothing about it which partakes ofthe freedom which we associate with the name of "America." • A FARMER. N E W JERSEY. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. L .Paterson. From John Travers. 1^ New Jersey, towri of Paterson, Passaic county. 2. Cotton arid flax carr vas chiefly; water power. . . . . " 3. Incorporated in 1824; ^ :' ; 4. Total cost about $400,000. ' .-, .. . 5.. About 60,0,000 pounds cotton arid 250,000 pounds flax; $75,000 materials and $50,000 wiages per annum, ) 6. Profit varies. We have divided, since 1824, 40 per cent, in 21 years. • ' ' ; . '^ y 7, The demand for the goods fluctuates according to the importa 342 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued., tions and. the wants of the Government, at whose instance and for whose uses it was first established. 8. No. answer. ' J*. Cotton yarns selling from 16 to 30 cerits per pound; flax and tow yarns selling fronr 8 to 32 cents; .cotton duck from 12J to 30, cents pex yard.;.fl.ax arid tow cloth from, 11 to .40 cents per yard; ahout 3,000 bolts cottpn and 2,000 bolts flax duck. The balance iri various kinds of yarns. . 1-0. Partly answered in No. 5 ; the cotton is all domestic, and about pne-^fifth of the flax; the reniainder is irnported froni Russia and Ireland* 11. Cotton duck cannot^be impprted? as when the yalue of an article G.orisists chiefly in the raw material, cotton, there is no foreign .competition. Taldng the weights as the. criterion of value, the foreign and domestic fla.x goods are about the same price. The. bette.r. quality of the domestic enables thern to sell somewhat higher. , 12, There are about three hundred and fifty hands, employed, at from 10 shillings to $9 per week; children earn from 10 shilling.s (but only two at this) to $3 per week; girls (growri) from $3 tp $5 per week; and rnen frorn 75 eents to $1 50 per day. •33. Twelve hours the year rourrd. 14. The difference in factory wages between Erigland. and this country is about .40 per cent.; in Russia a person earns in a year what;is paid him here in a week, (see Tooke's Account of Russia;) men, in this Statesreceive about the sarae wages at inconstant service; girls, put of the factory, earn fr^orn 25 cents to 37J cents; boys are idlers when not engaged in a factory, and leave .the neighborhopd, -15, .None, 16.. Sold in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and to the United States Navy. . 17. The foreign article enters into competition in every place with our. cotton and flax duck. . 18. Chiefly consumed at home, though cotton duck is exported to the Brazils, Cuba, and the West Indies. 19. Answered in the preceding. 20. Sales sometimes for cash, or on a credit of six raonths; never bartered. , . 21. The cost of raanufacturing has decreased, from imprpvements in machinery; the wages are the samje as paid 20 years since; the cost also fluctuates with the variations in the price ofthe ra.w material; but, from the improveraents in the machinery, in 20 years we have reduced the cost from 30 to 40 per cent. 22. We originally obtairied $25 for duck, made half flax aud half tow; it is now made much better of all .fl,ax, sanie weight'and lengths, at $13 50 per bolt; cotton has also been reduced from 42 cerits to. 26 cents pex yard, same weight and length. The reductipn has been gradual, from $26 tp $22 50, $21,. $19, $18, and so pn, as it could be afforded. •' 23. We have never had any protection pn duck but one session of 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 343 M-^-^Contiiiued. Gongress, when tke professing tariff men reduced it at the succeedirig orie. I believe the duty i^ now less than it was at the first orgariization of the Government. The comrnercial interests have always opposed any protective laws, although canvas is an indisperisa.ble article in time of war, and is a contraband article; yet our Navy and the whole marine of the couritry is dependent on the foreign manufacturer, as all fail who undertake it exclusively in this couritry. If the mercharits would perrait 30 per cent, duty, and provide against procuring ducks iri foreign countries, as all nations have hitherto done, particuiarly Great Britain, it would be quite sufficient o n t h e home valuation. But this will be difficult to accomplish, as all raeans are devised for the protection of the raerchant, who would not hesitate to abandon his couritry for his " b a g of coffee." 24. Russia raven's duck is daily imported into New York as she etings or cloths, paying less duty than ducks would pay. 25. Have divided 40 per cent, to our stockholders in 21 years. In the last three years have paid 5 per cent, per annum, with" a reservation t)rily in reference to the payment of our debts. 26. In flax, as 15 to 40 of raw material; in cotton, as 8 to 30; wages about the same proportion. 27. Cannot answer satisfactorily; we use coal, flour, pot-ashes, oil, and wood, in the processes. 28. There are five flax factories in this State, Penrisylvariia, Massachusetts, and New York. I suppose they consume 3,000,000 pounds of flax; arid of cotton duck I suppose there are 30,000 bolts per annuni made^, requiring 4,500,000 pounds of cotton per anrium. ' 29. I have been frank, and it nray be easily determined what would be the result of 12J per cent, duty, unless we could introduce some machinery to compensate for the reductiori. .30. If I could now find a purchaser at two-thirds of the cost, every stockholder would sell. I should then retire to a farm, and invest what I might have in United" States stocks. 31. I do not believe that there would be any profits at 1 2 | per cent, duty on imports, and any other business would be rnore inviting. 32. Some ofthe manufacturers of salt and iron live rernote from the points of importation, and, having a riiarket at home, never see foreign iron. 33. Does not like to answer this question, and hopes that'he will not, therefore, be chaxged with a want of candor. 34. If we had 30 per cent, on the home valuation on all canvas, flax, and tow goods and yarns, it would be eriough to equalize our earriings with those of the foreign manufacturer; and foreign duck should pay this duty, "whether in use or not," as the Enghsh have it. 35. I have never looked into the matter. Have never beeri ari advo5 for very high duties, but should think the duty I now proposp on and tow gpods, with a similar mode of estiniation, would be quite icient. Frauds would be preverited, as the article would have to undergo JTSOrial examination, in order to determine its value, and one mer .344 R E P O R T ^ OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. chant would take care of his ow:n interests by watching another; and in this manner the Goyernment, and those collaterally interested, would be protected. 37. We produce entirely for honie consumption. 38 to 40. No answers. ^ • • Hudson County. Name not given. Endorsed as firom ^'Ruchuntte ^ Andrews.^^ This is probably a mistake, as the Collector, A. Gifford, at Newark, refiers to a return ofi.these g.entlemen, and.gives their location a s '.^ BellviUe, Essex County.''^ I find, however, no such paper in those which have reached the:Departrnent. • 1. New Jersey, Hudson county, Harrison township. 2. Patent woolen manufactory; steam power. 3. In 1845. • Only two partners. i 4. Capital invested, $25,000. ' ; ./ -: 5. Refer to No. 4 ; wages, drugs,, coal, &c.; average about $300 weekly. ^ 6. Profits not yet ascertained. 7. 8. No answers. . 9. From 30 to 40 pieces manufactured weekly, 6 to; 8 quarters broad; average value about $30 per piece. 10. Raw material; sheep's wool; domestic produce; quantity about 2,000 pounds per week, at an average of $700. 11. From England, and we are governed by the English prices. . 12. Men, women, and children; about50; frora$2 50 to $8 per week wages. , . . ^ 13. Eleven hours per day, 14. Our men average $6 per week; same work in England is done for $4 per week. 15. Two horses. . 16. New York, Philadelphia, &c. . . 17. The Eriglish, largely. 18. Principally South and West, and the United States. 19. No answer. . . . 20. Six and eight months' eredit. 21. Cannot yet answer. ; •: 22. Average $30 p e r piece. 23. The present tariff 40 per. cent.. 24. Vigilance arrd honest men to prevent • bribery.25. No sto'ck taken. . . 26. Answered in 6 and 10. , 27. All we consume i s the produce of the United States. 29. It would be a great injury, if not the ruin, ofthe concern. 30. Should be at a loss, as rapst manufactures would be abandoij 3 i . Norie that we know of except farming. . 3 2 , 3 3 , No answers. :" ,34. Any reduction wpuld be ruinous at present. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 345 M—Continued. '35 to 39. No answers. 40. Answered irr No. 12. -^ Further remarks on No. 14. W e pay workmen ,$6 per week; in England they receive $4; difference in wages .30 per cent, in favor of England. The difference in cost of wool, drugs, and coals, is 20 per cent, in favor of England—together 50 per cent, against u s ; showing that 40 per cent, tariff is not too much. The manufactures of England have made it rich and powerful; it may be so with Arnerica. If manufacturers are injured, agriculturists must suffer also. Their interests are the same. The manufacturers of America consume raore Araerican prpduce than all Europe. England can buy wheat cheaper in Poland and Odessa than the Araerican farraer can afford it, Und will not take a single barrel raore.than suits her purpose. If the tariff is reduced we shall be flooded with foreign goods, and drained of hard coin to pay the wages of the English workraen. This would create a balance of trade aga;inst us whicli would be ruinous. Araerica should be an exporter of wool, npt an iraporter. If the farraers would turn their atterition to this, nothing would pay thera as well. The export of cotton and wool would enrich us, and give the balance of coraraerce greatly in our favor.. .- ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Atlantic County, From Robert B. Risley, Collector^ Great Egg Harhor. 1. Corn, wheat, rye, potatoes, &c.; no cotton, rice, or tobacco. 2. Is answered in ray answer to the 1st; no capital engaged in the production of rice, cotton, or tobacco. 3.. Not dependent, nor irhraediately connected. 4. Answered by ray answer to the 2d. > 5. Canriot answer, as there has been no capital eraployed in Egg Harbor township after that raanner. 6.. Cannot answer. 7. Cannot answer. .^ 8. Egg Harbor township does not raise a sufficient supply ofhorses, mules, hogs, cattle, meats, and other provisions; draws its supplies chiefly from Philadelphia and New York. Township is large; cannot answer what has been the aver'age annual arnount for whole township, nor what the price for- the last three years or for the ten preceding. If there has been a difference between thera, cannot answer to w h a t it is lattributed. 9. Cannot answer. :10. Cannpt answer. 11. This township does not export a:riy articles of its own product to ''oreign maxket. 346 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—^Continued. 12. Answered in my answer to the l l t h question. 13. Cannot answer. ' " 14. No manufactories of any kind or description in Egg Haxbor township. 15. Citizens of this township have been, at a former period, engaged in the business of ship-building to a considerable extent, and some are now engaged to a very small extent. Two vessels building at this time in the towhship; owning no vessel property, eannot answer the xemain-ing part of the question. 16. Cannot answer. 1 7 . Cannot answer. <- ' ' ' - '.. \ • - . '\ 18'. Caririot answer. 19. Cannot answer. 20. Iron, glass, sugar, duck, and cottori. 21. Cannot answer.. 22. Cannot answer. ' ,23, Cannot answer. 24. Cannot answer. ' 2^5. Cannot answer., ' , 26. Cannot answer. ' 27. There is raised in EggHarbor township abdut 2,320 pounds pf wool per year; it is now worth about 37^ cents per pound, and ten years preceding the tariffof 1842 it was worth 50 cents per pound. • 28. There are no niines worked in this township. Salem, From S. H.-Merritt, Postmaster. 1. Wheat, corn, rye, oats, potatoes, fruits; no cotton, rice, or tobacco. 2. About seven-tenths ofits capital eraployed in their production. 3. The raechanical interest is iraraediately dependent upon thera; the commercial and manufacturing remotely.. 4. The average profit on capital ernployed on well^cohducted farms does not exceed four per cent, since the tariffof 1842. . 5. The average profit for the ten years preceding was greater. - The tariffof 1842, has affected injuriously the interests of the middle class of farmers. 6. Average price of wheat, 90 cents; corn, 4 5 ; rye, 5 5 ; oats, 30; hay, $8 per ton. . . 7. Prices have been affected somewhat by the currency, but more by the tariff, which is felt by the farmer both in his-purchases and in his sales. /• 8. The State raises a good supply. 9 to 12. No answers. 13. There is; and a country cannot long coritinue to import a much larger amount than its exports without injury. The present high duties, affect the country in two ways: 1st, in the excess over the average profits of.other comniercial or agricultural interests; and 2d, by its moral effect on the intercourse of nations. They will buy in preference of those wh do not unnecessarily restrict their interests. 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 347 .M-—Continued. 14. We have cotton, woolen, saddlery, carriages, calico, pririting, &c„ &c. Capital about $5,000,000. The present tariff benefits these in a high degree. 15. But shghtly engaged in ship-building. 16 to 27. No answers. ' 28. The quantity of wool raised ..is not large; its price per pound, since 1842, about 30 cents. Rahway. From WiUiam G. Lathrop. 1. Indian corn, potatoes, oats, wheat, buckwheat, rye, barley, wool, mutton, hay, fruit and vegetables. 2. Not less than nine-tenths. The .census of 1840 is referred to. 3. Its comraercial and raechanical interests are iriirnediately connected with, and dependent upon, its agricultural, manufacturing, arid navigation interests, to an extent proportioned to the capital respectively engaged in.each, . , Its manufacturing arid riavigation iriterests are mairily indeperident of its agricultural interests, consuraing the pro.ducts pf other States and countries, and looking beyorid the bounds ofthe State for their principal market. 4. Average annual profit for the last three years, nothing.. 5. No answer. 6. For the past three years, wheat, $ 1 ; maize, 56 cents; oats, 30 cents; buckwheat, 50 cents; rye, 62J cents; hay, $8 per ton of 2,000 pounds. 7. From 1832 to 1842 the currency mainly affected prices and profits. During the years 1842, '43, and '44, the currency having become regulated, the tariff of 1842, carae in aid of a reviving industry, and with decided benefit to the agricultural interests in this region. 8. The State supplies herself 9. Ariswered in No. 3. 10. Answered in No. 3, " • 11, 12. No ariswers. 13. [This question is answered by referring, at great length, to the past history and present condition of China, as a strong illustration of the principles involved in the question.] 14 to 16. No answers. ' . ' • " . 17. As the iraporter is, in one sense, an agent of the cornmuriity who consume his imports, the facilities afforded by a wise and liberal " warehouse system" must affect beneficially the trade of the State. 18 to 21. No answers. 22. On tea and coffee, and hides, (if now free—a drawback being allowed pn the export of leather,) 10 per cent. 23. No answer. 24. One effect ofthe present high duties on iron is to enable the manufacturer to pay to the skilled workmen the extravagarit wages exacted. by them, and maintained by means of a thorough understariding arrd 348 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. combihatiori among them; wages amountirig to from $3 50 to $5 per day, and exceeding the wages received by the same class in England and Wales three and four-fold. 25 to 28. No answers. • PENNSYLVANIA.. ^.. ' ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 1. Clarion County. Buchanan Furnace—From P . Cermer, Cary &f Dale. 1. PennsyIvarria, Clarion county. "^ 2. Water power; a.blast furnace. . 3. Iri 1844; partnership concern. 4 to 8. Not answered. ' -; 9. Four hundred and fifty tons pig metal—value, $12,500. 10, 11. Not answered. 12. Forty men, ten children; average wages of men, 87^ cents. 13. Ten hours all the year. - " 14. Not ariswered. 15. Twerity horses, six yoke of oxen. . \ 16. None at home; 100 miles, by water, to Pittsburg. 17. Not at present. ' . • '; 18. Pittsburg. 19. Thinks not. 20. Cash, and,credit frora three to six mpnths. . ^ 21. Iricreased on labor twelve per cent. 22. Thirty dollaxs per tori, cash. 23. The same as at piresent. 24. Do not know., 25. Not ariswered. 26. The material costs but iittle, except labor. ,27. Five thousand, dollars agricultural; $3,000 other domestic productions. ,. 28, Very little idea, but large. ' 29. Yes, and would not continue. . . .31,.32. No.. . • , • '. ^' • ' 33. Not answered. 34. No reductipn. . 35,36. Does not know; ,, 37 to 40. Not answered. ., . " ." Pittsburg. From George W.Smith.. 1. Perinsylvania,. Allegheny county. • 2. Brewery and malt house; steam power. . 3. In 1811; individual. . ^^ 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. 349 M—Contiriued. 4. Buildirigs, rnachinery, &c., $23,000.. 5. Average araount of grain used 25,000 bushels; hopSj 15,000 lbs.; cash paid for raaterials, $17,000 ; for wages, $4,000. 6. Profit, $3,000; no borrowed capital. • 7. General prdsperity, or general.depression^ 8. Not answered. 9. Four thousand barrels of ale, porter, and beer. 10. No answer. . . 11. The cost of Eriglish ale and porter is double .the price of that manufactured here. 12. Fourteen men at $1 per day. 13. 14. No ariswer. 15. Four horses. , 16. About half the articles manufactured are sent to tlie. western States. 17. The importation of foreign ale or porter does not injure the brewers here. 18. Not answered. . 19.. Veiy little exported. 21. The.cost in material and labor has increased. 22. No answer. . • \ 23. No protection needed. 24 to 40. No answer. ; Pittsburg. From John B. Sheiiff. . 1.. Pennsylvania, Allegheny county. .' ' • 2; Sheet iron; cooking stoves; copper, tin, and sheet iron; no stearii or water power. ^ 3. In 1843; joint stock. 4. One thousarid two hundred dollars invested in buildiria:s and tools. ^ 5. No answer. 6. 7, 8. The rate of profit, exclusive of labor, is a.bout twenty-five per cent. No borrowed capital. The profits have iricreased, in consequerice of a general increase of busiriess, since 1843; no capital otherwise invested.' 9. Cannot say with certainty; probably about $3,000; canriot describe all the articles without-writing a volurrie; cooking stoves vary fi'orii $50 to $300; copper pipe at 40° cents. • . 10, 11. Canriot tell the quantity of copper and tin plate used; its cost is, for copper 30 cents per pound, and for tin plate $11 50 per box; tin plate iraported; is not aware of any tin or copper ware imported from foreign markets. 12,13. Four men,:three boys; wprk 11 hours per day in summer, 10 hours in winter. 14. From $1 to $1 75 is paid, depending upon circumstances. 350 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Gontinued. 15. No answer. 16. They do. 17 to 19. No answer. 20. Generally for cash; when ori credit, not to exceed four months. 21. The cost of the mariufactured article has-increased in consequence ofan advance of two cents pex pound on copper, and $2. 50 per box on tin plate; no increase in wages. 22. No answer. 23. A specific duty of twenty per cent, would be an abundant protection, provided the tin plate should be admitted free of duty; the tin plate not being manufactured in this country, there is no competitiori, and the importer is enabled to add the duty to the first cost of the article, thereby making us pay higher by the arnount of dirty. 24. 25. No answer. " . 26. Three-fourths material, one-eighth wages or labor, and one-eighth profits. V 27. None, except such as are used in families. '. 28. Canriot tell. 29. If the duty on ware and tin plate were reduced to 12 J per cerit., with a corresponding reduction of all imports, the result would be felt only indirectly; all the large manufacturing establishments, upon which I depend, would close, and, as a necessary consequence, I should have to close also. .. 30. If corapelled to close, having capital, I would eraploy it in importing. 31. No answer. 32. Salt and iron are not protected from a ruinous competition by their distance from the sea-shore, but bythe duties now laid upon foreign salt and iron; if the present duty on salt is taken offer reduced, at least one hundred furnaces in this State must be abandoned. 3,3 to 37. No answer. 38. Has greatly iricreased since the tariffof 1842. NOTE.—The foregoirig returns were forwarded to the Department by J . B. Guthrie, Surveyor and Inspector, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, who furnishes a. list of the names of manufacturers (188 in riumber) in the adjoining counties of Pennsylvania, to whom he had furnished the "questions;" together with a copy of his note to each, soliciting their attention to the: subject. He states that "only four of the manufacturers have returned answers." The letter^ of Mr. Guthrie enclosed, in additiori to the above,- a communication Trom S. Morrow, who states that he i s " not sufficiently acquainted with the subjects of inquiry to give satisfactory answers;" that, in his "own business (the manufacture of tin, copper,.tod sheet ^irori ware) there has been no foreigri competition;- the bulky nature of 'the article, and the small proportion of value which the labor bestowed ' bears to the material, preclude it." 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 351 M—Cbntiriued. George F . Lehman (post office, Philadelphia) regrets his inability to furnish answers to the questioris, and gives his own views, generally, on the tariff. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Gettysburg, From C . W . Berbechy, Postmaster, 1. Wheat, rye,, corn,, and all cereal grains. 2. Canriot answer." . ' 3. Depend on the success of the farmer. 4. Average profit small, in consequence of low prices. ' 5. The farming interests more encouraging previous to 1842 than ' since. 6. Average prices for wheat, previous to 1842j $1 2 5 ; since that time frora 90 cents to $1. [Nd other questidns answered.] Hollidaysburg. From Joseph Kemp. 1. Wheat, rye, corn, oats, potatoes, buckwheat, &c.; no cotton, rice, or tobacco. . " • ^2. Atleast five-sixths. 3. To a very great^ extent; but not so great as to the mining^and manufacturing interests. 4. The average profit on capital (after paying labor and supporting famihes) has been about as good as the average of manufacturers or merchants. Farms wiU, not rent for raore than 3;|.t0 4 per cent, (clear df taxes) on. the capital invested in thera, or the amourit they would bring.if exposed to sale; but this is cdnsidered a safer business and investment. The price of larid, compared with the profits, has been high. Since 1842 rather lower, owing td a nearer approximation to a specie standard. Land was higher in 1837, 1838, arid 1839, w h e n t h e country was full of paper, and.niatters unsettled, than since, as persons were willirig and anxious to invest their paper dollar in land, as soon as possible. • 5.. The arinual profit for the time referred to was rather higher than now. True, the price of flour was' about double what it now is, but that was,, in part, owing to., a failure of crops. 6, No answer. 7. The tariff laws have.always affected agriculture inimediately in the vicinity of mariufacturing .establishmerits favorably, by furnishing a raarket for their productions; it aff^ects those at a distance,;also, by leav-ing to thera the city or foreign market. The condition of the currency has more to do with prices and profits than the tariff. . 8.. About the same as the^ ten- preceding years. 9. They are. 352 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. ' 10. The prices of the staple manufactures- are .considerably Idwer than they were for the ten precedirig years, averaging them; they are manufactured cheaper. Iron is cheaper. The price will still decrease, by reason of the iraraense quaritity now raaking, and the nuraber of new works going into operation. One county in.this State alone is now putting up twerity-seven new furnaces, capable of manufacturing nearly one-half of the entire amourit manufactured iri the State in 1830. The impression that the tariff is tp perform woriders, has put in motion capital and exertions that would astonish persons not conversant with the facts; the result must be over-production, low prices, and ruin to those who have made debts in the construction of their works. The present rates afford a sufficient rernuneratidn. Iron that in 1837 and 1838 cost $100 to $110 per ton, can be bpught at $65 and $70. Pig iron commands from $30 to $33 now. ; In 1837, 1838, and 1839, when the tariff was neairlyoff, it commanded ,$45; showing that the currency produced this effect, and not the tariff. . 11. It exports vast quantities of coal, iron, &c. 12. The: foreign mari^et, although consuraing little,, has much to do with the price of products. We could supply the entire seaboard with coal; Erigland and Nova Scotia interfere. •. * . 13. There is a. verj^ intimate conriection. We ought not to irnport as much as we export; we might as well throw the cost of premiums for excharige on our foreigri friends, as to pay them ourselves. To do that we rnust tax their fabrics so high as to rnake it the iriterest of artisans to corne ampng us, uritil we learn, and get fully established. A n d t h e n t h e next raost importarit step is to keep our currency good; keep prices low at home, and our mariufacturers will make rnoney; riot by xeason of high profits oh a small quaritity riiade, but by srnall profits on much made; then they, can ship fabrics a.broad. The present tariff canrrot affect the exports, in the aggregate, othex than to iricrease. them. Instead of sending flour, we. may send steam-engines and cotton fabrics to the places heretofore supplied by England; and when a failure of crops occurs,, they must buy our flour ..in addition; and, without a failure, they wiU not take it. 14. A s i t regards.the duties, I cart only say that it does not- affect them any riow; at the preserit rates of irorr but little can be imported. A terrific storm impends over the heads of rnany who are just going into business, ori -account of over-production, low rates, ,&c. I expect,a decline of 10 to 15 per cent, in the price pf hon within the next six or mnemonths; and it would be better to avoid any panic, as they might weather oiit the storm; and when pnce under way, the tariff will affect them but httle, as competition will cprapel them to manufacture so cheap that they will not be aifected by a reveriue tariff. 15. No answer. : ., 16. They are said to be greatly benefited. 17 to 20. No ariswers. , '\ 21. The rule requiririg cash duties is much preferred; lower than the preserit rates, and cash, I would prefer. 1845.]^ - S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. M—Coritinued. 353 " 2 2 . N o a n s w e r . •'"'• • • „ : • • . • •' ' • • 23. Considerable prosperity prevails, but this is not to be ascribed to thelariff. ^" A "reaction must always take place in a country like pur's after a suspensipn of business. . Public, opiniori makes trade; raanufactures, and business generally, start iritP life, when that on which their hopes . were founded is really in ppieration for good or evil. All are in better spirits riow than in 1840j 1841, and 1842, except lawyers.: [The writer had stated previously that he was a lawyer.] ^ \ 24. 25. No answers. ^ , 26. The tariff' has been a benefit to'the. agricultural and laboring poor, . as it has given eraployraent to raany, and purchased the s;urplus provisions ofthe farraer. The raanufacturer labors under a delusion as to the protecting shield of the tariff; but othfers-have been, benefited notwithstanding, by .reason of new'.works which have been erected under the behef that a tariff would exclude foreigri iron,' 27. No ariswer. . .' 28. Coal andiron are the ehiefniinerals of this State; and the amount produced now is full 50 per.cent, greater than in 1840 and 1841. - : DELAWARE. ANSWER T P CIRCULAR,No. 2. Georgetown^ ^ From Charles Tunnell, Postmaster, Cannotsay that the tariff has had any effect in the county of Sussex;^ no cotton, rice, o.r tobacco raised, and no nianufactures of any kinii; principle staple Indian corn.. .. " , : ; ^"MARYLAND. ;• ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 1. •_ ;• - Prince George^s, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore. From Covington Manufac^ turing Company—'Messrs. Ellicott.. 1. Maryland; Pririce George's, Arine Arundel, and;^Baltimore counties. 2. Pig iron, bar iron, boiler iron, nails, and spikes. Water and; steara. , , , ; 3. H a s b e e n conducted under,various names fpr forty years. 4. Cost of the various establishments about four hundred thousand .dollars. '•: . . . .' 5. Current stock on hand'(incliiding iron and nails unsold) is about one hundred thousand doUars. , 6. Has not averaged six per cent, per annum; no differencein profit between thefeatl -and borrowed capital, except the interest paid on the latter. VOL. Y , — 2 S . ' 354 REPORTS OF THE [1845* M-—Continued. 7. The tariff is the general cause of the iricrease pr decrease of the profits, the comproniise act having caused great losses. . 8 . Capital generally does not pay over six per cerit per annum. 9. Generally Pur product is about $300,000 per annum. 10.. The manufacture being iron, the raw material has no value except that which is given to it by labor. • ^.^ 11. About the same as ours at the present rate of duty* .. 12. About 500 men. ; . / ' 13. Twelve hours the year round. ^ . 14. About the same throughout the U rri ted States; in Europe wages axe less than one-half the rates in this country. ^: 15.. About two hundred and fifty. '\ > ' 16. Our manufactures are sold to all parts of the United .States. 17. Foreign articles do enter irito competition' with ours at all their places of sale, except in the case of cut nails, which are not made in foreign cpuntries. ' .18. In this cbuntry. . ' 19. Few or none exported. / 20.^ Generally ori credit. . ' . . 21. The value and cpst pf our manufactures are constantly fluctuating, as is also the costof labor. 22. Prices generally, since the establishment of these works, have decreased about one-lia;if; too general to be answered with any correctness. . ' 23. Fifty per cent., becanse the cost of iron is produped solely by labor and agricultural products.24. The preserit tariff has proved effectual except in relation to scrap " iron. •'••'.. 25. No dividend has been declared; but the works have been somewhat iraprp ved, . ' . • 26. See answer to 10th question. ' / ' r 27. Agricultural production^ about one-half. . 28. Cannot answer. , , : 29i The business would be abandoned, and the property worthless. 30. Capital would be annihilated, and our people would resort to agricultural pursuits. ^ c . , " 31. Answered in the preceding., \ ,32. They are not;-.the largest iron estabhshments are tributary to the seaboard; but there are some 100 to 200 miles in the interior, and should those on the seaboard be destroyed by the reductiori of 12J per cent, duty, the interior establishmerits would seek a market in the West._ • - . "^ : ' . • • 33. .Unimportant.^ 34. Profits do. not -average; over six.per cent, at the present rate of duty., . -. . ..-;,_ ^ - •• . . '- "•; . • . 35. Answered previously. >/ 3 6 , 3 7 , 3 8 . Cannot answer. ' 39, About 6 per cent. i845.j SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY, 35S •M—^Continued, 40. About seven-^eighths of a dollar. . NOTE,—-The above return, from the Messrs. Ellicott, is forwarded to the Department by General W. H. Mairriott, Collector at Baltimore, with a lettex from Messrs. Robert Neilson and George W. Burke, to whom , the Cpllector had eonfided the daty of obtainirig information called for by the circular of the 16th of. April last, and that of the 10th.of July. . These gentlemen state t h a t their "labors were alniost entirely unaided by any official statistical records on which they could rely;" that they [ *' had to depend in nearly every case on the; voluritary informat io ri of gentlemen connected withthe various interests referred; to in the circular;" and t h a t , " with few^ exceptioris, their inquiries were responded to with readiness and frankness;" that, in relation tp the latter circular, they had *'placed in the hands df several gentlemen engaged in the nianufacture,. of wool, cotton, iron, and tobacco, copies of the questions;" and that, "with the exception of the Mes^r's. EUicott, proprietors ofthe Covirigtori iron works\ they ha:d all decliried answering:'' Since the above„was written, several communications have been received in reply to questions'riumbered i^!;(?o.. They are hereto annexed.; T h e return from John Dukehard and the letter from J . T. Ducatel were received in communication from Moreau Forrest, marshal, &e., October 31,1845."' / ; '••- • ^. . • • ' . > . _. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Baltimore, From J, Dukehard. 20. In .answer to this question, (to which^Mr. D. confines hiriiself,) -hefurnishes the follpwing table: Cost of wood-screws, (it the prese:nt duty, ofi 12. cents per pound* ' . Weight. Size. ' - - ; - liinch,No. 6 il ^i 1 a li 1| 2 2i 3 3| 4 " "\ ." " " ** « « " " 8.. • Net sterling .cost, reduced dollars and ' cents. Remarks oil question 20»^ • -. ' 1 Diity. 7 ' . 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 18 19 20 \ . • • . 4 ozs. • ' $ 0 0 3 . J O 07 6 « ' 04| ;08i • 8i -; 06 091 V 12i *« ' , - 09 111 •lib. |:oz. 12 ^ 13 - l i b . 4 | ozs, . 15 .16 1 ** i 4 i : " 221 20 -. • ,. 3 | lbs. . 4^ 35 - .43 «« ' 57 , 46 6 | «* 79| 68 10 " ^ 1 20 92 . 12 " .I'U ^ 110 From the foregoirig calcuia'tiori, . it-win be seen that thie. diity of 12 cents per^pound, on wood-; screws, from the sm'sdler sizes up to 1 of an inch, enables : dealers to import th em. , f As; the size, and consequently the^ weight, is iricreased, the ;duty' .rapidly advances; so that .agro ss of screws,: 4: in ch.es, No. 20, the "cost of which is J l 10,: .; pay^, the' weight being 12' ; pounds, f 1.;:44 ^and-- duties,^BrJ^ 130 per cent.^ ' 356 R E P O R T S OF T H E {1845. ,M^—C oritinued. Baltimore. From J . T. Ducatel, State Geologist. , 28. Is wilhrig. to furriish inforination iri reply to questiori No.-28, if he can be paid for the labor and expense. :. \ Kent County.^ From Jarnes M. Spencer.. 1: Wheat, corn, rye,, oats. Tobacco is raised in some of the southern courrties on the westerri shore.. . ' 2. Capital irivested ir:i agriculture, about $150,000,000;-in comraerce, . $9,246,170; in raanufactureSj $6,450;280; the two-last narned including all the mechanical and navigating interests. About nine-tenths of the capital of the State-is invested in agriculture ^ \ 3. The manufacturing and commercial iriterests,unaided by protective tariffs, are as dependerit upon agriculture as'agricultural property is dependerit [on], the :causes which regulate and contrdl the value;of agricultural products^ It is the sariie from which comraercial and raanufacturing profits are derived. They are coririected with and dependent upon each other'tp a very great exterit; uriless, by a systera of legislative robbery, the.agricrilturist is plundered, to increase the;gains of the mdihnfdftnrer, or vice versa. " ' ;• 4. Average profit on capital, employed in agriculture ori the Eastern Shore of Maryland for thedast three yeaxs, has been.very trifling, if any.. Some of the best farmers have not, been able to pay expenses; tenants, if npt gopd managers, have not beeri able to pay their rents; and raariy farraers who have had to hire laborers to cultivate their farras, have found at the end of the year that thdir expenses have exceeded the, proceeds of their farras. For the last three years agricultural products have been low, and manufactured goods high. 5. Is not prepared to furnish a defiriite ans wer. The prpfit on capital was, however, much greater upon an average than durirrg the eight years' previpus to the cohiprornise act, or than it has been since.. Refers for particulars to Commercial List of Philadelphia for 1840. 6. No answer. 7. The conditipn of the; currericy of this State for thelast three years has been very good. The price of produce low, which proves that the operatiori of the tariff, rrot the condition of the currency, depreciates the value of agricultural products. The currency has, no doubt,, sdnie influence upon the price and value of the staples of the country; but not so great as a protective tariff;- . , ^ '. 8. The State raises cattle, hogs, and provisions sufficient for its owri use.- Horses and mules are brought into the State principally from Indiana and llhnois. The prices ofthese have varied, as the prices of produce, and frpm the seime causes. . '; •'9. Unaided.by prptective tariffs, commerce and nianufactures would be dependent upon, agriculturei^ Uriless it prospered, they cpuld ndt. B y t h e operation of the protective system, the dependence is destroyed.' The manufacturer rides and .rules over the plundered ploughman, and 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY, 257 M-—Continued. commerce and raanufactures are injured and depressed by this systeni of legislative fa;voritism. . [The other questions are not answered.] • , ; " ;. Baltimore. F r o m Robert Neilson a n d George W, Burke, Inspectors ofi the : > • Cmtoms. ' 1.'Wheat, corn, and tobacco.. ,, 2. The whole capital of the State (assurning the last assessraent of the reaf and personal property within its liraits to constitute said capital) is . a b o u t $200,000,000; about $90,000,000 of that amount erigaged in agriculture. . . . • - • .-• . ,; ... ' • 3. The interests mentioned are very,intimately cdnriected with and dependent upon the agrieultural productions of the State, as they afford the mercharit, mechanic, mariufacturer, arid ship-owner; objects for the profitable employment of ^tlieir ca;pital and industry.. 4. It is difficrdt tb answer this question, the profits of farming, deperidfim.g so m n c h on. soil, location, nnd management. The dutieis orr" iraports but incidentally affect prices of product^; the great, regulators in this raatter are supply and demand. The average net profits' of welUconducted farms-cannot be estimated at more'than about 5 pericent* 5. Taking the annual average prices of the staples referred to in the first answer fdr the. last thirteen years,,we do not perceive any material oc^^^aZ difference in ..the" profits of the two periods; for although prices may have adva;nced after the suspension of specie payments in 1837, yet; the expense of production kept pace with the advance of price. . 6. We refer to a paper hereto annexed. (See table on page 359-60.) 7. See ansv^er to questiori 5. " ; ; ' ' „8. The State raises but a small proportion. The supply pf horses and mules is priricipally from Ohio: and.Keritucky; cattle, sheiep, and hogs, from Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Cannot telf the riumber of horses and mules imported frprn other States.. Number of cattle about .50,000; sheep, .40,000; hogs; about .100,000. ^ About one-eighth of the cattle and hogs leave this for other rnarkets. The prices have averaged for the last three years about $5 per cwt.; for the ten precedirig years, about $6, which m a y b e attributed to the fluctuations iri the money :maxket.^ •'• \ . ', ^• • '. . '• •_: •. • ./''••'•. -\'^' ••'•9. Any decided adyance in the prices of our products raust be caused either by deficiency at horae or derriand abroad. If to the latter, the interests referred to in this question will be more or less affected and their profits influericed. ; '. . ^ , . . 10.. W e understand by "protected articlesv" manufactures of cottori-, wool, iron, and sugar; their priees have not varied much, during the last three years, from.the prices of the preceding ten. This is .attributed, mairily, to increased' supply, produced by conipetition',-,improvements in ; machinery j and other facihties in their mariufacture." What proportion these prices bear to the prices ofthe staples duririg these peripds respec-tively,'we..cannot say.. . > , . . " 11. -The State exports a large arnount of her cotton rrianufactures;-and 358 K E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Coritinued.'. sorne rnanufactured tobacco. Thp export of cotton goods ^ has been increasing for years, particularly since the tariff pf 1842, their prices in forei,gn ports being regulated by thedemand. 12. Nearly the whole of the tobacco crop (averaging 30,000 hogsheads per annum) is .exported to and sold in Europe. Flour, corn, beef, pork, fish, arid other provisions, are sent tp South America, the West Indies,^ arid England; cotton nianufactures to South America and China:;, the prpportion exported ;to what is raised arid made, not known. All the articles above named, with the exception of tobacco, meet With compe- titiori abroad. The high duties imposed on impprts must, uriquestionably, lessen the demand for our exports. . . . 13i There is this conhection between imports and expprts, that if a country continues, fpr any length of time, to import more than she can.^ expprt, a balarice will be created .agairist her, whifch must b e m a d e good, by the' export of the precious metals, and- vice versa.. The present rate of duties operatirig to the exclusion of rnany articlesef fdreign production, i t necessarily follows that the countries producing them do not take as niuch of our products as they worild were the duties such as^tp enable them to send their goods to our rnarkets. 14. There are many^and extensive manufacturing establishments in prrr State, consisting principally of :flour, co.tton goods, woolen goods, iron, soap and candles, liquors, gunpowder, glass, tobacco, chemicals, leather,, refined sugar,; &c., &c. The number not kriown; capital invested about $7,500,000. As their profits cannot be ascertained, we canriot say what rate of duty on similax articles would enable them td sustain themselyes^ , ' • 15. Our citizens have been,' and still are, extensively engaged in the business of ship-building and navigation. T h e present conditipn of these interests is progressive and prpsperpus. Cannpt say how they are affected by the tariff. , . ' \ -^ ' . ' , 16. Cannot say. • . ' -, 17. As regards the effects of a warehouse systern, there are different arid conflicting opinions. Those in favor of the • system coritend that it would greatly facilitate commercial pperations in general, and he parties ularly favorable t o r n e n of lirnited capital,,affording them advantages which they do rrot possess under the present rule of Cash duties. On the other side itis urged that it would enable foreigners t o cojnpete injuriously with our own merchants,, and conceritrate nearly the whole ofthe irnport trade in the city of New York. . ^ 18. The abolition of drawbacks would operate injuriously on the comnaerce of the.country.' ,: . 19. There are but few.articles, under the present sj^stem, that dp not enjoy the benefit of drawback. No important beneficial effect would be produced by extendirig the privilege. ;, . . ^ , 20. Low-priced cottpn gpods, the inferior qualities of carpetirig arid other' woolens, low-priced silk goods, wood-screws of larger size than' f inch, and some articles of hardware. 21. The mininiums of the preserit tariff and cash duties affect favor 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 359 M—Continued. ably—the former the marihfa;cturer, the latter theiriiporter of large capital. The other great interests of the State are injuriously affected by their operation. , ^ . 22. Tea and eoffee. An average duty of six cents per pound on tea, and one cent Pn coffee, would not be felt by any class ofthe coraraunity,, and, at the same time, prpduce considerable fevenue. 23. No answer. . - o \ 24. Ail the "protected articles" are extensively corrsiinied, and, with the exception of Ipw-priced cotton goods, not manufactured in sufficient, /quantities to supply the demarid for home cpnsumptiph. W e may mention, in addition to the "protected articles," glass bottles, glass tumblers, demijohns, baizes, flannels, ox and trace chains, cigars, railroad iron, pig irpn^ salt,,'molassfes, wood-screws, cordage, &c., &c., as- being in constant demand, arid manufactured only to a limited exterit. The effect of the present system of duties on the above articles, and many others that might be riientioned, is to enhance their price to the consumer, and thereby operate injuriously to all classes except the manufacturer. 25. In the precedirig answer several articles are enumerated partially manufactured in this country, the prices of which are greatly enhanced by the operation ofthe present tariff law. Black pepper and raisins are extensively cpnsumed, and are subjected to very high duties. Other parts of the question not answered. " 26. The present duties on imports have induced capitalists to engage extensively in manufactures; thereby creating, at various points, increased consumptiori of the fruits bfthe earth. In the vicinity of manufacturirig establishments lands have increased in value, and most of the agrieul^tiiral products are rjeadilyidisposed of, either for money or in exchange for goods. The-State is now prosperous-—all her interests are in a healthy condition. \How a modification ofthe preserit tariff would affect hex prosperity, we are unable to say. ' ; -^ . 27i^ T h e average price of wool in this market, since the tariff of 1842, is; 26 cents per pound'. For the ten preceding ^years the average price was 33 cents.. The quantity raised in the State not known; the princip.al supplies derived from the West. v - " ^ 28. Iron, magnesia mineral, chrome, and qoal. The ainnual product of irori ore 130;,000 tons, worth $4 per ton; 300 tons magnesia'mineral, worth $7 per ton; chrome, 300 tpns, worth $18 per ton; coal, 12,000 > tons, worth $4 75.to'^^$5 per ton, in this (Baltimore) rharket. A statement showing the annual;^average prices ofi wheat, corn, and tobacco:^, in the Bdltimore rnarket, fior three years,firorn. 1%4:2 to 1844, inclusive. Years. Wheat/ 1842i...... . . ; . . . ...f... 1843............;. .....:... 1844 105 cents. 92 " : '91 ** ;, Corn. 51 cents.' 49 " 41 " Tobacco. No. of hogsheads Maryland; tobacco inspected in Baltimore. '.$5 00 5 00 5 50 '*33,'653 29,848 ' 32,101 R E P O R T S OF T H E 360 [1845. M—Continued. And fior the ten preceding years. , Years. Wheat. Corn. 1832... 1833 1834......... 1835 . , 1836*............ .:.:.. 1837*. 1838* 1839 ........:........; 1840.......-^.•.•. ............. 1841............ 113 cents. 115 " 102 " 126 . *' t72 " .177 " 166 ." 138 ". 100- " 112 " 69 cents. . 61 '' 61 " 82 ..-" 80 . " 90 '' 75 • " 75 «« 50 '' -56 " Baltimore, No. of hogsMaryland Tobacco. • heads tobacco inspected in Baltimore. $4,87-. • 5 60 5 56 6.00 '5 81 4 75 6 00 6 00 5 00 5 00 20,643 • 18,099. 19,386 24,930 ' 23,804, • 25,788 . 23,464 22,558 31,211 29,404 . From'C. E . Wethered, fia Manufiacturer.) 1. Wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, hay, and fruit. . , 2. Not known. 3. All links of the same chain, depending ori each-other. 4. Carinot be stated with precisiori.. Farming and planting,'^raust pay better on the" capital invested than anything else. The State has been iraproving ;since the tariff of 1842. ' • 5. No answer. -; , . . • . • 6. Prices of agricultural products deperid on thp supply arid demand. Othpr parts of question not answered. ' ' ' 7. TKe operation ofthe tariff has .'given a stability to currericy which would not exist without. Prices and profits have been niPre'uniforrri.-^^ 8. Does riot iaise a suflicierit supply; of horses, but draws its suppliers from, other States. There is constantly a fluctuation in prices, depending pri supply—-perhaps greater "regularity at preserit than before., the passageof the tariff of 1842.,. .. > 9. They are so far dependent that when, from any cause, the farnier "realizes good returns, all derive, advantage. At.tinies, the profits of sorae do not depend so. iraniediately upon, the others. For instarice, the cotton manufacture, withiri the last year or two, owing to the opening of the Chiriese raarket, and the demand being greater, has beeri rnore profitable. The cotton manufactures of other countries have been equaUy profitable during the same time, from the same cause. . ^ 10. The average prices of what are called protected articles have been lower for the last three years than the preceding ten, taking into consideration the raw material arid the price of labor. . .. " 11. Exports, principally cPtton goods, and some manufactured tobacco. ^ Prices abroad have depended on the conditiori pf the foreign mar'ket—sometimes netting good returns and sornetimes loss. ['*In consequence ofthe partial failure of thewheat crops of 1836 and 1837,_pricesadvanced, and large quantities were imported from foreign, countries. l,671,572^bushels of wheat were received into the port of Baltimore during these three years. : ; ,..'[[.,, .,; . ; . , . . . , . ' ' 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 361 M~r-Contiriued. 12. All goods exported are consumed abroad. Prices are governed by the demand, whetherhorap or foreign; but when shipped are generally sold. The products of this State are shipped priricipally to South Araerica, the West Indies, tod tobacco to Eurepe. They raeet with cprripetition frorii pther points.. . We cannot see hpw the tariff* prevents our meeting them.with success, unless in the article of breadstuffs and ,provisions; much the larger market for which is. the home market, arid the prices ofwhich would be lower but for that market. \ 13...No country can long coritinue to import where the iraportation exceeds the exports; for com would .be drawn to meet the difference, which would soon derange the currency and prbduce distress. 14. We have a riumber of manufacturing estabhshments of cotton, wool, leather,"irpn, &c.. The profits have been greater the last three years than immediately hefore that period, particularly the cotton—caused, as be.fore stated,.by the opening of the China market. ; The profits depend upon skill, riianageraent, i&c. Sorne make nothirig; others do well. A fair tariff, not lower than 30 per cent., is necessary tp keep thera in operation. Nothing would raake thera realize as ranch profit as the .farming and planting interests. . , " , 15. Is.extensively engaged in ship-building; not so much so as before ' the West India treaty;, that treaty irrjured the^shipping interests more than everything else. Npt affected by the tariff. 16. .Irapossible to say what proportion. The cpraraercial interests are beriefited by strpng tariff laws,, by giving greater security to comraerce. 1. 17. The wa;rehousirig systerri is calculated to" give an advantage to the European over the Araerican raerchant—the interest on capital or money beirig Zes5 abrpad than in this couritry. ^ ; ' . 18. Some adyaritage raight be derived from the establishinent of a warebousing, systera to those erigaged iri exports of goods to foreign raarkets, but not sufficient to do away with the injuries to other branches of trade. 19, 20.. Not known. . ^ ; 21.'No driswer. ; -. 22./Tea and coffee. ^ : - ' ' 23,tp,25. No answer. 26. Thepresent duties are advantageous tothe agricultural products. TheState has been irnproving under the systera, caused b y t h e certain horae;raarket. 27.; Considerable wool raised in the State. Prices depend on quantity, quality, dond condition. Prices lower npw than they have been, owing to the tariff—giving the horae raarket to the producer pf the article. Increased protection has had the effect of bringing down the price. 28. The raineral products of the State are principally iron, coal, and chemicals. JPrices npt known.' ' ' \ ' - ^ ' . • , ' • ' • . Baltimore. An importing merchant^ [name not given,']'received with the ^ returns.firom William''H.:Marriott, Collector, 17. The warehouse system would be irijurious to-Baltiniore, by throwing aU the.trade into New York, arid;that in the Hands pf foreigners. 362 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Gontinued. 20. Flannels, baizes,> fustians, cords, and velveteens, lowrcolored cotton goods and white. cPtton goods of all descriptions, are prohibited, or nearly so, by the excessive high duty. . . ' , 21. The miniriium duty of the present tariff acts so as to make the poorer classes of people pay higher rates of duty than the rich. The cash system is preferable to the eredit. The warehpuse system wpuld throw all the business into New York. 23. The operation ef the pre sent, tariff upon the manufacturers is to enable: them to make^ large profits on their goods without being required' to use extraordinary skill. The articles on which large profits are made are woolen cassimeres and brown cotton goods of all lands. Vienna,. From B.. H . Crockett, .Collector, 1, The' agricultural productions of this, portion o f t h e State-are wheat, rye, corn, oats, pPtatoes, &c.; no cotton, rice, or tobacco. 2 to 7. Does not know. ., ^ 8. This portion o f t h e State does not raise a suffiGient supply of horses, mules, and Hogs. Horses are siipplied frorn Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and some froni New York; mules from Keritucky; bacon from the city of Baltimore--originally, he believes, froni Ohio. Cannot answer the remainder'of the questipn.' . . ,. 9, 10. Not answered. 11. This portion of the States exports lumber, and wpol, but to what amount he does not know. '. . 12, 13. Cannotsay. ;^ • 15. Iri this portion of the. State vessels are built-^some cpasters, but principally for the bay and river trade. Has not the inforn[iation to. answer this further.' , 16 to 27. Cannot answer. ' . 28. No mines are worked in this portion of the State. In closing his letter^ he says that he enclosed the circulars to seyeral geritleraen-of both political parties, whora, frora their general intelligerice and political stariding, he considered qualified to give the desired inforjnaation, frora Pnly two pf whorn he received answers. • ' • • , . ^ • • ' , , • . . , \ ' . . • • . • "• " ^ Indian Town. Hon. .John N. Steele; enclosed i n a letter firom B. H . ^ ' Crockett, Esq. '. Regrets that he can give no., answer to the questidns ofthe Secretary in regard to the operations, of the tariff. The general impression^ prevails here that the only.regular and certain demarid for the products of agriculture is the. home market, and that that will increase with the extension of manufactures at home, and increased diversity of employment' of capital. Speaks of Mr. Rush's report on the subject of niariufactures while Secretary of the Treasury. Speaks of Mr.; Cambreleng's report .fro;m the Coraraittee of Ways arid Means of the House of Representatives in .1836 or 1837, showing, from pfficial sources, that the importation of the protected articles since the tariff era of 1816 has 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 363 M—Cbntinued. steadily iricreased, and the duty, of course, still a tax. How the high wages and high rate of iriterest in: this country are to .compete with the low wages and low xate of interest in other couritries he cannot see; but supposes the agriculturist to be compensated by the production of his products at home, as he can find no demand abroad. Speaks of the large profits made by the manufacturerv and supposes that competition will eyentually reduce their profits and prices. . , Cambridge, From James A, Stewart, Regrets that he has not the time to answer the questions in detail;. Can only say that the operation of the present tariff is highly iniurio-us to the general interests of this sectiori of the State, and that the reduction of the duties on iniported articles tp the revenue standard would be highly advarrtageous. ^ . -^ " Baltimore.. From William Miles. . H a s been deahng-very much for the last two years in the article of salt, and begs leave to present certain facts^ in relation to it. The duty charged on Turk's Island salt, of 8 cents per bushel of 56 lbs., is equal to a duty pf 10 pr 11 cents per Winchester (comraon) bushel. The cost of the article, per English Winchester bushel, at Turk's Island, during the last two years, has been 6J to 7 cents per bushel raeasure, (Winchester.) There is an export duty there of one cent per bushel; so that it ^ CO sts, on board the vessel, .about 7^ to 8 cents per bushel, free of other expense, as the sellers there put it on board M^ithout further charge. ; ^ The freight from Turk's Island to the United States has been at about an average of 8 cents per Winchester bushel measure, or as follows: .. To Norfolk, 7 and 8 cents; to Baltirnore, 5 to 8 cents; New York, 8 to 10 cents; Philadelphia, 8 cents; Bostori, &c., 8 to 10 cents; New Orleans, 8 cents. He supposes 8 cerits to be a fair ayerage. RECAPITULATION. 1 Cost of a bushel measure at Turk's Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 cents. Export duty t h e r e . . . . . . . . .-.,..... . . , - . . - . - . . . 1 . '^ Freight to the United S t a t e s . . . . . , . . , . . . , .^,. .,1..;,.... 8 . " ; Duty at the rate of 8 cents per 56 lbs. — . . ..^._........;..,. . 1 1 *' Cost of a bushel measure (Winchester) in the United'' States.. 27 " Turk's Island was settledby the English,, from Bermuda, about orie hundred and fifty years ago. Their only business is salt-making. They are entirely dependent on the United States for a .market for their salt, except what they sell to. Npva Scotia, &c.; They.draw their supplies frorn this country almost entirely. Does not know why: the duty on salt was fixed so high, but.supposes it was to protect the salt-makers of New 364 . R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. . M—Continued. York, Kentucky,:Virginia, &c. Butthis he does know': thatthe people, of Turk's Island are extreniely anxious to have the duty reduced, because th^j know that if .it is, the price of their salt will rise several centsperbushel at the Islands. If the duty were taken off he thinks it -would rise .5 or 6 cents per bushel there. Such has been the case/before, and on the iraposition of the duty of 1842 the price fell there. He is a ship-owner, arid is in favor of free trade, but will state what he knows. • . Gets salt alsp frora Bonaire, a. Dutch island near Curagoa, on the coast 'of New Gxanada, eff Maracaibo, at 6 cents; also frora Cadiz, St. Ubes, in Portugal, &c. •' The Gerraari vessels that come to this country to transport tobacco to Europe often call at St. UbeSj near Lisbon, and bring salt (under our reciprocity treaties) as favorably as ouf own can; and they are well satisfied if they can earn 5. per cent, interest ori the capital employed in vessels, .&c. They pay less wagps than we do to seamen. Speaks pfthe quantity of salt raade at Key West, and of the riumber of mariufactures of yaripus kinds that will spring up in this country urider the protection afforded by the present tariff. VIRGINIA. ' ' ANSWERS TO .CIRCULAR No. 1. , Richmond City. From Charles Cumberson. 1. Virginia, city of Richmond. 2. Lock raanufactdry; no-power^ used. r 3. In 1840; an individual estabhshraent. 4. In grourids and buildings about $6,QOO. 5. About one-third raaterial, and two-thirds wages. -. 6. Not answered., 7. Very little change in the last three years. ^, 8. 9. Not answered. ; • ' . ,. 10. Morethan seven-eighths raw raaterial, consisting of copper, at 16 to 17 cents; sheet irori, at 8 to 8J cents; bar and rod iron, from 4 to 7 cents; and spelter,, at 8 to 10 cents; this last-named article is-enormously high; has knpwn it t p b e as low as 2f to 3 cents per pound; advance caused by the iraraense duty upon it. ^' - 11. Iraported articles from England about 25 per cent, cheaper, but inferipx. - -> 12.''Four men, and four bpys. ' ' 13. Ten hpurs per day the whole year. fi:'^ 14. Not ariswered. ' .-^ ^15. No horses or other animals eraployed. 16. Sold from the rhanufactory to" consumers. ^, 17. Where regard is paid tp thequahty of. the article no competition 1845.] ' SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 365 M—Continued. exists; but where it is otherwise,; (as in the case of contractors to firlfill the lettex of their contracts,) then we come, into competition with the imported article. . .; ; ' 18, In Richmond, and the adjoining towns and couritry. 19. Npne exported. ' ' , 20.- Sold on a credit.of three months. \ . :.- 21, 22.,Not answered.. ' ' '—. •' .. 23. The duty on locks is not essentially too high, on accourit of the unfair :competition with the English nianufacture, as explained in ariswer to questiori 17; oar articles beingrsuperior to the imported^ 24 to 26. Not answered. 27. About $400 of agricultural productions, and about $600 of other domestic productipns. 28. Not ariswered. , , .' 29; ;The reductiori pf the duty to 1.2J per cent, on articles siniilar to those rnanufactured-by me would rerider my business unprofitable. ^ 30. Not answered; . 31. This being my legitiniate busiriess, (havirig served an apprenticeship of severi years,) I should regret being obliged to abandon it. 32 to 40. Not^answered. • .• • •NOTE.-—The above was enclosed to the Departraent in a letter of Septeraber 27, .1845, from Thomas Nelson, Collectpr, Richmond,.. Virginia, who says that,. " as soon as practicable afterthe, receipt of the circular of July 10, he sent copies of the questidns to the various rnanufacturers in the city, with.a request to be furnished with answers as soon as converiient. • No person had furriished: returns except in the above case.'' Mr; Nelson says, ''raost of t h e gentlemen are strorig tariff hien, and are therefpre unwilling to answer., the questions, lest they might have ah unfavorable effect upon their business." ^ East River. ' From., William WiUiams, Surveyor. Says that "there are no manufactories of any kind withiri his limits." .Yorktown,. Froni WiUiam Nelson. \ Says, that "there are no manufactbries in the country, and nothing from which inforniation can be obtairied in regard tp the tariff;" brrt that in relation " t o the, products ofthe country," he will collebt and forwai'd all the information in his power. / . ^. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. ,. The annexed, from James Pointz, Marshal western district "of Virginia^ under date of :October 27, 1845, has reference to the questions numbered from 1 to 28, (being Ch^cular No. 2.y 366 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Contiriued. Staunton. , From James Pointz, 1. Horses, cattle, mules, sheep,'swine, poultry, wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, wool,; hops, wax, potatoes, hay, flax, hemp, and tobacco. ,^ ' 2 to 7. No answer. :„ .8. My district does, and exports to Eastern Virginia, Maryland, &c. 9. No answer. . 10. Average price of produce less in the last three years than in the ten preceding. ' . " ^ • 11. No answer. 12. No data as to aniount;. but flour arid tbbacco are the principal articles exported. ^ 13; No answer. :,. , / . 1,4. The manufacture 'of iron-has increased since 1842, say 10 per cent. . " 15. No ships built. . . ' 16 to 25. No answers. / ^^ 26. The opinion is, that the agricultural interests are riiaterially injured by the tariff of 1842; and for this, and other reasons-^its inequality, (fee—my district is opposed to it, but is in favor of a revenue tariff, which will be made to operate equally on all the great iriterests ofthe country. 27, 28. No ariswers. Residing: in the interior of the countryvandmy district being almpst entirely agricultural, and the State having made no provision to ascertain its resources,^ &C;, it is impossible to answer the questions satisfactorily. . ' ; , . N O R T H CAROLINA. . There are no returns from this State. J. Ramsey, 'Esq., Collector, Plymouth, North Carolina, under date of July 30, 1845, acknowledges the receipt of " copies of questions," arid proposes to "forward them to the estabhshments in that State." Under date of September 24, 1845, Mr. Ramsey says that the copies had been "forwarded through the Governor to the several establishments in the State, with a request that answers should be forwarded," &c. Only one answer had been received, which is enclosed in Mr. R.'s letter. This isfrom Battle & Brothers, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, who dechne answering the questions; first, because no manufacturer can answer them correctly; and. second, because any manufacturer-who would answer thehi incorrectly shpuld not be relied on. . ' Since' the above was written, a, letter has been, received by the ^Department from M. V. Jones, CplleGtor, Wilrriington, North- Carplina^^ dated''October-20, 1845, furnishing the. following iriformation. '<-. 1845.]: S E C R E T A R Y O F T H E TREASURY. 367 , M—Continued. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. L Wilmington, From M, F; Jones, Collector, 1, In Cumberland county there are six cotton factories. ; ^ 2, AU water ppwer. 3.. All established previous to 1840; three are joint-^stock conipanies. 4. Rockfish factory is thp most extensive ; its, capital $143,000; the other five will average $40,000 each. ; 6., Annual rate of profits does hot exceed 14 per cent..^ 8. The lumber business and that of procuring turpeutine is as good as the manufacturing. 11. No similar articles of foreign manufacture are" sold in this State; {these factories only turn out yarns and plain web.) • 13. Ten-hours per day. 16. A large portion is sold in the northern cities. 17. No foreign cbmpetition: 18. Almost entirely'in the United States. 19. A small portion is expprted tP the ^ritish North American Provinces, but no shipments are made direct from North Carolina to foreign portS:. ' 20.,Generally three months'credit. 23. Nothing sirnilar is imported into North; Carolina. ," ; 32. No manufactories of salt now irioperation. The western portion ofthe State is supplied with dorriestic iron; the factories are remote from navigation and from the points of impprtation, and.consequently Httle, if any, affected by foreign impprtations. The other questions not answered. ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR No. 2. Neiuhern,.\ From Thomas S, Singleton, CoUector, . 1. North Carolina-produces cotton,;rice, tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats.- •' ' • , . • - . ' • ^ -. , ,;. 11. The State exports boards, plahk, scantling, square timber, masts and spars, staves, shingles, heading, hoops, tar, pitch, rosin, turpentine, and spirits of iurpentine. 17. The warehouse system would be preferabletd the present systeni, which has almost entirely destrpyed^ the little foreign, comraerce of this place; and I think the old bpriding system would b e ' best in this State, as the irnporting merchants generally have warehouses of their o^yn. The present'high cash duties will destroy the comrrierce of this State entirely. N X Elizabeth City. Ffoin William D,Pritchard, Collector. i . Cotton, tobacco, rice, wheat, corn, &c.; the last two. forrning almost the entire exports. ' . • 368 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M^—Continued. 2. Nineteen-twentieths of the capital employed in agriculture. 3. All other interests dependerit on agriculture.. 4. Annual average profits for the last three years have not exceeded two per cent..,, partly i n consequence, pf a failure of crops.;,-, 5,.6. The agricultural prosperity.of the State was never so great as from 1832 to 1S41—capital paying fxom 5 to 8 per cent. . The year 1842 was disastrous'from loss of air crops. . 7. The prices from' 1832 t o ' 4 1 resulted, in a great measure, frpm the act of 1833, and as but partially the.effect of a redundant currency. 8. The State; produces' a sufficiency, and an; excess, except horses and mules, which a;re brought here, in limited riumber, from Olrio, Indiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Western Virginia.. The prices have been ' S3 per cent; lower the l a s t three years.;than the ten preceding. The. decline I attribute to the reduced rneans of purchasing,- in consequerice of the low price of wheat and qorri. 9. The commercial, rnechanical, and navigation interests, (and the manufacturing, also, to' some extent,) are so connected and dependent on the agricultural prosperity, that, their s.uccess is in nearly the same ratio;" : .' . ; " \ . ' ' 10. The prices of protected articles haye not been r:educed in anything like a fair proportion to the staple products within the last three year^s. A monopoly has been enjoyed in the manufacture ofthese articles; and, ^: in a corresporiding ratio,' the means of purchasing our staples have been cut off. We suffer niore from dirainu.tion in the price of our staples than we do from the increased price of their goods. 1 1 . We export tar, turpentine, luriiberj-salted fish, &c,; it is difficult to s.ay whether they have been affected by the tariff'of 1842. •, 12.. We export but little direct, owing to the peculiar situation of our State arid its bad putlets to the ocean; most of our prpduce finding its way to New York, (through the ports of Yirginia,) and to South Carolina and Georgia. , Some lumber, corn,, arid beans, go directly to the West Indies. The prices are. regulated by^the foreign demand. 13. The idea that one country can continue to impprt or export alone is absurd. The preserit tariff must have the effect to reduce our expbrts to the extent that it prohibits the importation of foreign goods. 14. We have twenty-fiye or thirty manufacturing, establishments (rriostly cptton) in the. State. They are said to be doing well. '•^' . 15. Ship-buildirig was once followed to a great extent, but at present there is riot enough tonriage tp dp the coasting- trade, having to rely on the'canalboa;,ts of Norfolk, and the New England vessels. . 16. The capital ernployed in comrnerce is about as one to two of the agricultural products and staples fox sale and export. The effect ofthe tariff is very injuripus on comrnerce. ' 22. I. merely remark that salt, rholasses, and a small quantity of sugar, form almost the only articles of direct importation; and under the present system of cash duties, the importer is forced to sell very often at a great sacrifice. : :.••,•. /• .^ ' \ , ••' . . . ; 23. No answer, . ^. . . ^ ' • 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 369 M—Continued. 24,, 25. The article of salt, (say Turk's Island, most used .here,) the duty on which is neaxly eleven cents per bushel, (riiPre than its original cost,) is ranch cpraplained of Other parts of the question not answered. 26. The present duties do not benefit the agricultural, coraraercial, or mechanical iriterests of the country in any manner;, and these interestsrequire that the present rate of duties should be reduced. 27, 28.'No-answers. • : ' /'^ ' ' : • ' ' . ' ' ^ ' • ' SOUTH CAROLINA. A N S W E R S TO CIRCULAR No. 2. \ , From P . - W . Fraser.. 1. Wheat, corn, rice, cotton, tobacco, potatoes, sugar, hay, hops, silk,, wine, &c. Rice, cotton, corn, wheat, and potatoes, are the principal staples of South Carolina. In 1840, 60,590,861 lbs. of rice were produced, 61,710,274 lbs. cptton, 14,722,805 bushels corn, 968,354 bushels wheat, and 2,698,313 bushels of potatoes., . ^ 2. Lands, and raahuallabor principally. ' . 3. For a successful operatiori of each, require those fpur iraportant interests ; but to what extent carinot say. ; ' 4. The price of rice has been very low for seyeral years, until the present tiriie; and ray estiraated average profit on capital for the last three years 6 per cent., after. deductirig all expenses. I confine my answer to this pne particular. 5. Am riot aware thkt there has been any great difference, withiri the time stated, in my annual profit on capitaL , • -. -6. The price of rice from the year 1832 to 1844, has varied alraost eyery yeax from .60 cents per bushel, rough rice, to $ 1 ; cleamrice $2 40 to $4 per 100 lbs.. I estimate ray average priceof rice at about 70 cents per bushel rough rice, or $2^80 per 100 lbs. clean rice,, in corisequence of rice, selling oftener at thedower than the higher point of the market.. Irideed,, it has seldom happeried that-rice sold in the Charleston market at | 4 per hundred'clean rice\ or $1 per bushef rough rice. \ The annual average income per hand or laiborer, deducting all expenses, can be easily estimated by the hire, by which standard I am disposed to be governed; arid I consider .full^task hands .must have brought annually.during those years. $60;per head, and the furnishing $15, leaving $45. Many plariters realize:$100 or more; but ranch depends upon the quality ofthe soil, arid its situation, whether safe ,or unsafe, old or new, and many other circurastances. \ • , 7, I ara not prepared to say that there is; any material difference in my annual profit on-capital for the ten. years alluded to; and I might so say as to the prices arid prpfits, [they having] been affected by the operation of the tariff laws." As long as these unconstitutional and oppressive duties prevail, it will be a difficult rriatter to proye whether VoL.'v.—-24. ' • ^ • 37a R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Coritinued. We are richer or. poorer to-riiorfPv(^. We have felt severely the effects of taxatiori fPr years; arid all that we desire is to witness the effects of drities reduced to a reveriue standard.-^^ All duties lessen the ability of the planter, arid, lessen the ihcome by iriereasing the prices of such articles a s a r e riecessary for consumption. The essential articles pf blankets, plains, and implemerits of husbaridry,^cpst to the planter every cent of the duty; which so ranch increases the price as to render it exceedirigly onerous, particularly to the poorer classes. If a systera of taxation on domestic manufactures'could be placed on an equality with the foreign, we.would soon discover the difference in the prices of our agricultural staples; and until a nionopoly ceases in our Governraent, there is little hope of better thingSi 8. The Stateof South Carolina is not dependent on any State, arid raises largely • of every kind;. but many horses and mules are brought irito the State and sold, from .Kentucky, Tennessee, &c. Nuraber of horses in 1840, 129,921; but caririot give the average annual araount or price for the years specified. ; : 9 to 25. Np answers. ' . . "^ 26. As a rice planter I have rieVer been benefited by .any duties. (See answer to 7th question.) ; South Carohna iraproves but slowly in proportion to the northern arid easterri States, where they have all the beriefits, arid we all the evils and burdens of taxation. • 27. Aggregate araount of wool in 1840 was 299,170 lbs; Previous to arid alter I darihot say; prices gerierally prevailihg frora''25 to 50 cents per.lb., . , \ • "' • ' . . . • ' " " • ' / 28; In 1840, iron 2,415 lbs., salt 2,250. ^ Gold, granite, marble, and other stones, are found in this State, but. cannot say whait quaritity or price for the year's specified. Waccdmaw Beach, near. Georgetown, From R. F , W, Allston. As sorrie argumerits arid reasoning are found in-the accPrapanyirig comrnunicatiori, (as weh as facts'stated,) which caririot possibly be coridensed without destroying, to some extent, their force, the original corrirnuriication is hereto apperided. , :7ieaf Georgetown, S. C , October 24:, 184:5. Being requested to reply to certain "questions propounded by theSecretary of the Tieasury," the uridersigned^ willing to furnish tP the Adriiiriistratiori any iriforhia,tiPn iri his power, yet earnestly protesting, in the riame, of the .Constitutiori, ftgainst 4 tariff, fourided on any pretext whatever, fpr ariy other than the bona fide pnripose of raising revenue, and that in the most equitable raanner, cheerfully responds, according to the best of his knpwledge arid belief, to the interrogatories as.riurnbered. The time is quite too Itrriited to reply riiore fully. Responses 4, 5, and 6, are fourided chiefly on his own experience/-iri bis own affairs. Owing tp a secondary (not choice) location, the want of facilities, and other circurristances, he beheves that he has met with orily the ordinary success WACCAMAW BEACH, 1845.] . S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 371 . M-rContiriued. of every^" well-conducted plaritation." He therefore regards the following results of his experience-as being very near the truth, (beyorid, rather than short of itj) when considering the rice-planting interest of the State :/ . V e r y respectfiilly/ •. ^ • R . T , W. A L L S T O K 1. Cptton arid rice are the agricultural staples ^of St)Uth Carolina. The following statements will be understood as relating to the latter staple exclusively, unless cotton should be expressly mentioned. 2. In the business of cultivating and preparing rice for rnarket, the amourit of capital engaged is estimated, approximately; at $18,000,000. 3. Oh cotton and rice to the extent of nineteen-twentieths. 4. As a.inere investment of rnoney,'^seyen and one-third (7^) per centum on the capital, estimating both real.;a:rid personal estate at the ,^upposecl average rii^arket value. ' : ^ 5. Estimated, in the same way about eight (8) per cent. . 6. Froni 1832 to 184^ the annual average price of rice was a;bout;$3 per cwt. ;* i n 1842-'43, f 2 56; iri 1843-'44, $2 6 3 ; in 1844-'45, $3. The anriual average iricpriie per »hand or labprer, duririg the first terrin often years, was about •$130; in 184^-';43j,$83; in 1843-'-44,J96 7 1 ; in 1844-'45, $:128. •• ^ • • . In 1844-^',45, the general crop was short some 12,000 barrels, which caused prices to rise towards t h e last. In 1845-'46, it is estimated that the gerieral failure w i l be douMej' say 25j0,00 barrels; prices, therefore, will range over.$3. 7. An answer to this rnay be derived from a Qonsideration. of other rpplies herein. The state of the currehcy, it may reasoriably be supposed, had some effect on prices a few years back, for example the year 1839j and cpnsequently on profits; but the effect wa;s ephemeral, as was the immediate cause. • Trade, on the priiiciple of Irusseznoiis fiaire, will regula:te itself arid the currency. . -8. This State does not; the supply is drawn chiefly from Kentucky. I have no means by which to ascertain the amount annually experided in this\way; although less than formerly, it is still considerable. Many planters rear, as I do, about orie-half the number of horses or mules, andall the oxen used in faxrriing;' /For pork and bacon, i n t h e year 1841 arid prior, I expended $200 per anrium where I d o not now .lay Put $40, riotwithstandirig the quantity consumed on the plantation^(aibout 10,000 ibs.) has been increased to this extent. • • ^ •• V 9. Y e s ; '• " •• .' / '.-;.' • •'• • "• . . - 10. I canriot answer satisfactoriiyc • ,l i ; Boards, scantlihg,-shingles, staves, tar; further I carinot answer. • 12. Ofthe rice.cr.op nearly the whole, fifteeri-sixteenthsi Of the cottori crop about five-sixths. Prices-of both axe principally gpverried by the * In 1832 "thie average price was $2 811; -in 1833, $2 62i; in 1834, p 1 8 | ; in 1835, $3 25;' in 1836, $3 431; in 1837,^3 681; in 1838, | 4 06|; in 1839, $2 50; in 1841 ,-$3;—average, $3 12|. For 1840 I am not furnished j liaving mislaid my accourit for tliat year* . , 372 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. foreign demarid, though the competition for horae consuriiption helps to put up the price of the la.tter, or rather to keep it up. . • The exports of cotton are principally to Great Britain and France; about one-eighth goes to the north of .Europe, the Mediterranean, &c. The quaritity rnanufactured in the United States is about one-sixth of the crop. The exports; of rice are principally to the north of Europe, Great Britain, and Cubav . To Great Britain it is shipped chiefly in the rough or crude state, in which state it is called.j7a^^2/'' Sorae shipraents are made also, to France, both cleaned and. in the rough;, the choicest.samples are selected for the French market. , About one fourth of the crop is shipped coastwise, principally to New York and JBoston,' whence, for the riiost part, it finds its way to the north of Europe and the West Indies. In Cuba the consumption of Carolina rice is about 17,000 barrels, (average 600 lbs.) Competition isrriet with here in rice grown in Old Spain, in Maranham, and Campeachy. ; In England, and the riorth.df Europe, the competition encountered is •great; being from the Java and East India rice, which can be afforded much lower than ours. In England there are miUs (constructed by.Mr. Lucas.pf this State) which will prepare over 300,000 bushels.. Whenever it becornes the inter.est of their capitalists not to purchase, our rough rice, the East India.paddy is.put under.the pestle, and,thus thrown irito^ the European markets^ in a better condition far than they.can possibly put it in.iri India or Jaya. , The present tariff operates very unfavorably to us by levyirig .high duties on such articles as would best, suit-for shipment to this State in lieu. of xemittances. For exarnple, the rice shipped to Cuba, would partly.be paid for by return cargoes of sugar, but.fpr the almost prohibitory duty Pn srigar.. Again: the rice shipped to England would .be paid-for by return cargoes riia;de up of hardware, cottori goods, woolens, and salt, (which are the principal articles required in exchange for our produce,) but for the sarae alraost prohibitory duties^ Thus is our ability lessened .and our trade crippled by the unwise legislation of our own couritryriien. . In the year 1843 the amount of duties accruing Was . $10,544,135, being; an average rate pf 36 per centum on the .value of merchandise irriported paying duty. In 1844 amount of duties^ $29,137,000, beirig ^ an average rate of ^34.82 per ceriturn ori the value pf; dutiable raerchandisCp - Owirig. to niiriimurn valuations,, tpgether with the^heavy duties on the particular articles consumed by them, the rate of duty paid by southern corisuraers is greatly more than this. 13. As much connection as there is between.individuals trading horses. . If A carinot sell his saddle-horse in B-—r— market, withoutpaying ;thirty per centurii orr his value for the privilege, he carinot purchase C s draught-horse at that place, but must look elsewhere for a raore favorable market. Five ships arrive at Charlestpn from Europe. The supercargo of each; is instructed to lay- in a cargo of rice. One having ori board his ship Welsh'plains, {excellent woolen go.odsV with which our l^-borers are clad,) says to the rice factor, " A s soon as I.dispose of iny plains, worth 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 373 M—Continued. . . . '' . • . . / - ^ 45; cents the yard, (original cost.arid transit charges,) I will take of you a ship load of rough; rice, at 80 cents perbushel.". Ongoing to Mr. L., the merchant, he finds there a supply of "Chelmsford plains" (made at the North, and very inferior to the other^ both in weight and substance) selling at 50 cents. Mr. L.. tells him, "Sir, yours are greatly superior; ,but, to enable the manufacturers of the Chelmsford to cpmpete with you in selhng to. the planters. Government has iraposed onthe introduction, of your wpolens a preraiurri tax, in the shape pf an inipPst,^pf 40 per cent, ad valorem. Now, to inderanify you for payirig this duty, together with commissions, I must sell your goods at 65 cerits, and it will require neafly two yiears to work this supply." . The supercargo, returning to the factor, says: " M r . Factor, I have left ray woolens with Mr. L. the merchiant,^ to be disposed of at kn advance of 20 cents the yard beyond the price I mentipned, this being rendered necessary by the exactions of your Governraent. The impost duty of 40 per cent. w;e can.not pay; this is out of the questipn; we cpuld not live at it. The consumer, your own countr}^raan, raust pay it; and the quiet way to do the thing is the best. So we'll just add the duty; imposed by your tariff on the. pripe; (a majority of those who buy it will not be at all the wiser.) But, mark you; I cannot come back here for two years, arid t h e n i rnust fetch only one-third of my present cargo; (the plariter, trusting xto Providence for a mild winter, will too often prefer buying the ChelnasfordV or sorae other goods,,at 50 cents, to riiy Welsh plains at 65 cents.) , I will take your rough rice again; but inasmrich as I shall have to fetch out two-thirds of its value in specie at a certain risk and Ipss of profit, or in bills of exchange, I w i l l only be able to pay you 70 cents, per bushel instead, of 80 cents. After that, unless more wise and liberal .counsels shall prevail in. your national legislation in regard to your trade with our country, I shall be compelled to give up trading with ypu altogether. ."Although the rice of Carolina is the best in the world, yet to secure to myself and rny principals alegitimate profit on our investment, I must' 'trade with Jaya of the Indies:" , , , . : One ofthe aforeraentioned ships is laderi with hardware, another with caxpeting (at 55 per., cent, duty) and blankets, (82 by 72 inches, at 25 perf cent, duty,)/another with osnaburgs, another with sa;lt—all ofwhich articles are extensiyely used among plariters; the same arguraent, in substance, will apply to eaeh car gp. ^- .This sujpppsition will, in some measure, serve to illustrate the effect of the preserit high tariff on the imports, and ultimately on the exports, of the plaritation S t a t e s . ; , f •. ; s ^ . ' The course of trade,.once interrupted, is with great difficulty, if ever, induced to resuhre its accustomed channel.. 14. There are several cotton factories irithe State operating ori a., small scale: In Peridleton, in Greenville, (one here of paper also,) in Spartariburg, (one. here of iron also,) in Darlingtori, one owned by Colpnel J . W . Williams, in which he employs from 40 to 50 operatives.- There was one in Marlbprpugh, with superior watex powex; but I believe it 374 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M-7-.Contin-ued. has been abandoned ox converted to some other use. • In Barriwe.Il, the "Vancluse" is very successful; in Lexington, near Columbia, the " S a l u d a " company divided 5'per cent.the last half yeax. Limited as is the number of these factories, it is beheved they are not dependent fox their profits on the^present duties; but it eannot be doubted t h a t a , nurnber pf them^ were brought irito existence by tlie patronizing countenance of Governraent, and stimulated by the temptation to share a por-^ tion of the immense profits derived from their peculiar tariff protection by the similar establishmerits at "Lowell," Fall River,-Paterson, and elsewhere. • 15. I am unable to answer. 16. The capital thus irivested is very limited, nearly all the exports from this State bfeing paid for in bills-of exchange upon the countries to which they are: shipped. The present high duties, and the theory bf protection, so fatally for us applied,- forbid the importation to any extent of foreign productions, and fabrics in'return for our exports. Thus are both the comrnercial and agricultural interests of the States materially affected by the " tariff laws."' 17. It would. By this means, the surplus productions and fabrics of any country could be shipped here, iri order to be exchanged for produce, and be held for a rharket eithex on the spot or'in the neighborhood of the mart, without the importef being compelled, to pay the import before a sale could be negotiated. When such compulsion exists, it is often necessary to sell a part ofthe goods at an unfavorable mornent, in order to raise the means of paying, the duty on tke whole; whereas, urrder a warehouse system, the experise of storage only would be incurred. 18. Unfavorably, by hampering the tfeedorn of trade, abridging the, privilege ofthe merchant iraporting to seek the best market for the time' beirig. It would ser've to lessen the induc'ements , to native citizens to invest in commercial adventures, and to foreign capitalists to engage in our trade. .. 19. I cannot answer satisfactorily. ' 20. Manufactures of iron and steel, of cotton, of hemp, of wool, of leather, of copper; glassware of all kinds, paper, books, paints; all of which we would take in 'exchange for produce. The importation of these articles has been gradually diminishing latterly; thus showing that the high duties are becoming: virtiially prohibitorj^ ' 21: The system of miniraums affects the great interests of our State , by oppressing our people having small means; denying them the privilege of buying, at the legitimate ^price, the Ipwer-priced fabrics best suiting their fancy and the condition of their pockets; again,,'by its general imrnoral tendency;. for the rest, see 17th. 22. On tea and cbffee an ad valorem duty oncrhalf in rate of what is riow levied on articles of more essential use to us, wpuld yield a revenue of $2,000,000; the value pf these impPrts exceeds $13,000,000, and they are consumed i n t h e United States more universally than anything else, excepting salt and sugar, perhaps. * • '\. ' > . 23. I kriow riot. iS^&O: S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. M-^Cpntiriued,. 375 ; 24. The effect has be.eri very rnaterially tp dirnini.sh the irnpprtation. of such articles, and.to enhance their price. The dutie^ upon woolens, cotton bagging, and. such articles of hardware as are extensively used in th.e agriciilture pfthe State, viz: spades, scythes, chairis.,. nails, .guns, castings of all, kinds,' &c., operate injuriously on all the other ind ustrious classes, inasmiich as they, are compelled to buy what they want out of a mpre liririted supply, consequently at enhanced prices, besides getting sometimes an inferior article; sugar and salt are two of the most irripprtant arnorigst the necessaries pf hfe—pn one the duty is aborit IOQ per centurn ad valorem, pn the other even, rnprp than that. 25. See 20th. I have no mean.s pf saying what is the.aggregate paid tp Gpvernment; but I cari speak cbrifidently as to the surn paid (incprporated with the price) by an individual; arice plariter, wprking about one hundred hands, finds that his pfiantation experises during the, years 1844_'45 amounted to | 3 , 4 0 6 ; of this sum he has paid $296 20, in the s^hape of Gpvernment duties onwpplens, blankets, psnaburgs, salt, irpn, leather, arid hardware, for the necessary use of his laborers; if we were, tp include his personal expenses, articles purcha.sed for use during the same year, other than those of ordinary necessity, rifimely, for hpusehpld use, the arnount of irnposts would exceed $400 for one individual cpnsuiner, whose habits are not extravagarit. These imposts operate;unconstitutionally and urijristly, as a premium iri favor of the nprthern nianufacturer, at the expense (uricprnpensated. by aught) of the sputhern and sputbwestern planter and cpnsurner; whereas, by taxing some of the Irixurips .of life which are. now admitted duty free, and putting a moderate duty on the articles, §prne of which are enumerated .in reply tp the twentieth questipn, the increased impprtation of srich gpodjS would, iri a few years, rnpre than n:iake up for the diriiinution of the rate of duties, and altogether would r.aisp;^ sufficient rpverrup to meet the expenses pf the' Government, rediiced, as thpy should be,- to the fair and just standard o f a liberal ecoripmy, Such-^ap.oli.cy should recornrnend itself tp .enligh.tene;d statesmen by the consideration that itwould tend greatly to effect a most desirable end, riamely, to remoye from the rninds pf the pepple pfthe Sputh and Southwest the impressipn that they are bearing ari unjust arid onerpus share pf th.e burdeps pfthe Goverhment. The supplies heretofore enurrierated are receiyed chiefly frpm Great Britain and the Contirient, in excha;nge for pur rice, on which (the rpugh rice in particular) the duty in England is trifling, in cpmparison with our duties on their manufactures of iron, wool, and cotton. Many of our cottpn planters ha.ye already set abpiit: riranufacturing at home\ their woolen and cptton goods; I have received, as a present, .sprae pf the goods thus made, now and heretofpre ;^.they will wear almpst .as lorig.again as the goods for the sarne purposf cprning frprn the protected factories ofthe North. , . 26. They do not; they cannot be rnpdified in any.ppnceiyable way, sp as tP benefit the "grpwer3..'' • , , / 376 . R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. By the blessing of God the State has prospered; not in consequence, but in spite of the present high duties on the articles imported in exchange for her agricultural produce. Her imports,, however, have been less and less. The unequal action of the Federal Governraent in collecting and experiding the general revenue having had the effect to render the planting States tributary to the northern ports, raost of the supplies, for the interior especially, are received coastwise. ' / The average anriual iniports for ten years, from 1833 to 1842, were $2,089,463; ayerage annuall exports for the same time, $10,291,735. . The average annual imports for two years,. 1843 and 1844, were $1,213,112; average annual exports, same time, $7,597,045. In the year 1800 the produce of the Sta;te Was exported from her own ports, at which were also received the return, cargoes which paid for it. Then trade was brisk; all the interests of the State flourished in a high degree. Then the iraports at the port pf Charlestpn yielded a revenue of $2,203,812, (less: expense of collecting.) Now, (1843,) the duties collected at the sarae port are $158,405, gross. The great portion of our iraport business is done in the northern ports, where the chief revenue is collected on thera. South Carolina produces for exportation as ranch rice now as then; but the profits of the commerce based upon her great.staples inure to other ports than her own.. One-fourth of the rice crop is^ shipped coastwise, to be exported chiefly to Europe and elsewhere from, riorthern ports. The consumption of the State is . as great now as then; but the supplies and merchandise demanded for it (especially for the interior) are sent to us mostly frorri the Nprth and East; and'thus we, as consumers, pay on oiir supphes, either to the Government (in the one case) the ..duty collected, «^ the North on the imported article, or (in the other) the preraiura (secured by. the tariff) to the riianufacturer at the North of the doraestic article. This effect has been produced, though not entirely, raainly by the operation of the tariff laws, tpgether with the glaring inequality v^ith which the public:raoney fox a long series of years has been experided. . 27. Wool is raised in sufficierrt abundance by many planters. • I have no rnearis by.which to ascertain the aggregate quantity. I have never known it held at more than 25 cents per pound. It is chiefly paid fox in barter; planters having a surplus being in the habit of supplying their more needy; neighbors in the country,-at a very low rate, with enough, when mixed with cotton, for their annual (home-made) stock of winter clothing. These last must suffer seriously by the continuance of a high tariff 'fi ••"-•-.-_. ,. ; Anderson Court House. From Edwin Webb, Postmaster: 1. Cotton and rice ar*e the great agricultural staples of this State ; no tobacco worth mentipning. We raise pf the cornrnon grains'near about as much as consumed. . . ' 2. One-fifth ofits capital in rice, and four-fifths in cottori. 3. These interests are immediately connected with the agricultural 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 377 M—-Continued. productions of our State, and their profits increase or diminish in the same proportion with thera. . 4. The profits on well-conducted farras in the ripper part of this State have been, I should say, 3J ;per cPriti on the capital, and 5 per cent, in the lower part, since and including 1842. The average price of cotton, in Chaflestori,'6J cents. _ : 5. The capital thus eraployed for the ten years preceding 1842 had a profit of 5 per cent., and the price of cotton in Charleston was, on an average, about 9 cents. :^ ; -,/ 6. About 6J cents- per lb. since 1842, and 9 cents preceding that time; and the annual inconie per hand, deducting all expenses, during the sarae periods, was about $35 and $50 respectively. 7. The tariff laws haye had but little effect on prices and profits; they.haye beeri raainly affected by production and corisuraption and the state ofthe currency. , ' . ;. , : 8. The State does not rg.ise a supply of horses, raules, arid hogs, by perhaps one-fourth of the two latter arid Pne-tenth of the former. These are brought mostly from; Keritucky and Tennessee, she raise's her cattle mostly,-and other proyisions. generally; have rio means of stating the amount—several hundred thousand dpllars, though;' prices for good horses, the last three years, sixty-five dollars, mules fifty dollars, pork from 2^ to 3 cents gross; and for the ten years precedirig, horses $80, riiuies $i50 to $65, and pork 4 to 5 cents; the differerice mainly owirig to the scarcity of rnoney the last three years compared with the ten years' preceding. • . 9. I answer this question in the affirmative. , 10. The average prices of protected articles have been as low, for the last three years, under this view of the question, as in, the ten preceding; arid had a reasonable portion of-the capital and influence ofthe State been embarked in the manufacture ofthese articles some fewyears past, they would have been lower than they now are, and cotton would have been worth something raore, I -must think, arid the general expense of living less than it riow is.. , .' 11. The State exports but very little except its agricultural products.. 12. The State makes but little for exportation except rice and cottPn. Ipresume half the rice,>or raore, is consuraed. abroad, and almost all the cotton is exported; their prices are influericed principally by the fpreign deraand, especially that pf cotton. The cotton shipped raost to Liverpool; some to the: northern States. There is considerable competition in the Toreign market; I think it very questionable whether a protectiveta;riff lessens our ability to meet that competition; if it does, I aril unable to say iu what way. , : 13.'The cprinection "between imports and exports; is such that it is difficult to conceive how a country can, for a length, of tirne, contiriue to import a greater amount in value than she exports, without an injury to herself The reverse is more, intelligible. Almost any cpuntry whose agricultural and manufacturing interests are kept weU-balanced and 378 R E P Q R T S OF T H E [1845. M^—rContiriued. highly improved rnay export more thanshe iniports, especially pne wlip.se resources are abundant in raw materials. . 14. We have a few cptton and iron, factprie.s iri this State—twelve or fifteen of the first, and fiye pr six of the latter, The cptton factories' niakey arn raps tly, and weave some coarse: clpths;. the iron factories make bar and sheet iron, nails, castings, &c.; cannpt stat.e their ca;pital; they are, however,.on sinall scales; their profits are less fpr the last three years than they were the teri preeeding I should say,^ as. they sell ^heir articles frorn 50 to 100 per cent, lower.than sorae years pas.t,*; yarn now $1 per bunch, teri ypars ago $2;. nails 6 cents per pound, ten years past' 10 cents. Still their profits are rnuch better than.t!^Q5^ engaged in raisirig. the great staples of the State, . 15. But very few of our citizeris are engaged, in; navigation, and fewer iri ship-building. • * 16. The capital invested by our citizens in corame.rce bears a very sinall proportion tp the capital invested, in the agricu.ltural products and staples of the State.. If its iriterests have been, affected by the tariff laws, I arn unaMe to say how or to what extent. • . . 17. My cprnmercial knowledge and preserit mearis dp npt a.ffprd any information which would be of service to you pn this question, nor pn the 18th and .19th questions. _ ' ' 20. I know of, but few, if any; there should be noiie, Ithink, except such as are dfiveri out by the low price of the domestic article,, under a reasonable duty, which, I am iricliried to believe, would be the case, with many pf them in a few years, were the capital and labor of the country properly diversified. . . . 21. My mformation on this question will ript enable rn.e to say anytliirig worth comraunicating. ' -- ' 22. I cannot, with the, rneans riPw befpre me, name thern; b u t l should say ou all such afticies as are, or cpuld be^r:ea.dily manufactured; in the United States. As to. the amorint of reyenue which might, be cpllepted on these articles, I cannot say.. ^ 23. My knowledge of the articles used in manufacturing generally will not enable me to say anythirig satisfactory on this question. '. 24. A wellr-regulated protective tariff will have a favorable teridency to increase the rnariufacture pf all such articles as can be.manufaptured extensively in this country, and will'ultiniately operate to the advantage pf all, while a .high duty pri. such articles as cannot be made in the. country to advantage will pperate partially, and shpuld not be.laid. As to the present systern of duties, I think the tariff law pf 1842 is riot as well regulated as it rnight be, and too high on many articles. 25. I know of .but few prohibited; the article of raw cottpn, arid perhaps a few others, rnight be set down as such. As tP.the erihanced price of such.as are not prphibited, there is rriuch variety of opiriion. My own view is embraced by the principle laid .down in the auswer to the last (24th) question.. As to the .aggregate ampunt of duties now paid • pn such afticies, or what would be paid und.er a, tariff graduated eri.tirely with a view to revenue, I canriot say. 18:45.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. «• ' 879. M—Cpntinued. 2.6. The present duties, so far as they increase the ihanufactpries of the country,.benefit those engaged in agriculture,.as well, as all other classes, . by diversifying capital and labor by producing a greater demand for agricultural prpductions; thereb.y enhancing the value of lands, &e. And I presume that the most, indeed all the manufacturing States, are enjoying a reasonable state of prosperity, taking into consideration the state of the world, the currency, &c.' Had a suitable portiori ofthe capital and labor of our State been inyested a few years past in the various manufactures to which her riatural advantriges are so well adapted, I think there can be no doubt but that her condition wpuld have been entirely prosperous to what it ripw is, and that she,, would, have retainedvthousands pf her hardy yeomanry who have fled befpre the withering, prospects of poverty and want. . . 27. Canriot state the quantity of wool raised in the State, though it 'Ss small—^hardly sufficient for the small use made of it in families. It has sold for the last two ox three years for.40 cents per pound; previous to"^this time its price was 50 cents. 28.. W e have n o miries in the State worth mentipnirig, except-a few . gold rnines, hardly worth working. . / \ .' ' From the President ofi the Chamber of Commerce, Charleston, S. C. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, CHARLESTON, • November 13., 1.845. .At an extra, meeting, held this day a t t h e hall ofthe B.ank ofCharleston, Mr. M. C. Mordecai, from the comniittee on the questions proposed by the Secretary ofi the Treasury resfecting the operation ofi the tariff, submitted a report, accompanied with tables, which was read.-; whereuppri the fpl-^ lowing resolutions were moved, seconded, arid,adopted:Resolved, That the report, with the accompanying papers, be printed under the direction of the Secretary, forthe use of the -members of the Chamber, and that a copy of the same be transmitted to each inember, with ,a notice of the time fixed for final actiori thereon. . Resolved, That the President be directed tp call a meeting.of the Charn^ ber forthe consideration of the report, at as early a period as possible after the. preparation of the papers, as contemplated in the first reso^ lution. Extract from minutes: ' WILLIAM " ^ . B ^ m y Y , Secretary. . Report ofi the Committee ofi the Charleston Chamber, of Commerce. The 'committee of the Charleston Chamber of Commerce, to whom were referred the letter of the Secretary of. the Treas.ury, arid the questioris propounded b y him in relatipn to the tariff, with iristructions to adopt such measures as riiight be deemed rrecessary to procure the inforriia.tipn desired by hin]^, and^to; repprt thpreon, respeptfully si^binit: ^ 380 ^ , ' R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. That they have discharged the duty assigned to them in the best manner that circumstances would perrriit. They deeply regret the very short tinie allowed by the Secretary of the Treasury tp, ariswer these questions, for, in consequence, they have been unable to enter upon the examination pf the tariff with that full detail of facts, and With that carefulinvestigation which so important a subject demands. They have, therefore, corifined themselves to a simple stateraentof such leading facts, drawn from authentic sources, as will exhibit the unequal operation of , the existing tariff, system, its devastating influence upori the' industry of the country,:generally, and upon the interest of the planting States more especially. The inforniation furnished, has been arranged urider the heads of agriGulture, cornmerce, ship-building,, arid a'sj^sterri pf warehousing, and will be found to cover all of the more important questions ffom the Treasury Departrnent. M. C. MORDECAI, T H O S . J. ROGER, ; ^ F.H.ELMORE, HENRY GOURDIN, H. W. CONNER, JAMES GADSDEN, CHAS. EDMONDSTON, A N D R E W McDOWALL. Answers by the Charleston Chamber ofi ^Commerce, to questions propounded hy fi ' the Secretary ofi the Treasury.^ . v ^ Cotton, rice; and Indiari corn, are the principal staples grown in South Carohna; the two former only areexported. ^ V: The comraercial, raanufacturirig, raechariical, and navigation interests are entirely dependent on the agricultural interests of the Stated—raore especially on the staples of cottpn and rice. Reraunerating;-prices for these staples diffuse prosperity throughput all branches of industry, and the eraployment and the profits of every class depend chiefly, if not entirely, on the products of the soil. • • fi •• : . • ; : ; : . * The capital erriployed in their production carinot be: estimated' at less than $150,000,000. The average prpfit is generally estiraated at 3 to 4 per cent., and the difference in the average profit for the nine years preceding 1842, and for the three last years, raay be inferred from the statements iri another part of this repdrt, in ariswer to other questions connected with the subject.. T h e average price of cotton for the nine years preceding 1842, that is to-sayj from 1833 to 1841, was $12 334^, and for the three years from 1842 to 1844, $7 33i;; of .rice, from 1833 to 1841, $3 per 100 lbs.,'arid from 1842 to 1844,' $2 54 per 100 lbs. Thecurrency of the coiintry has.had rro effect on prices of produce' beyond'what it has had on all other articles. ^Money has been abundant both in Europe and in the Urrited. States for;the last three years,. and the depression in pripes of cotton arid rice cannot be attributed to the eurrency. The tariff*, by preveriting corapetition, and raising the price of ^cotton gpods to thp home epnsumer^, dirainishes;c;onsuraptionaiid lessens the price pr value of the raw material from which they are made. The State does not raise a sufficierit 'supply of cdttle, rriules, hogs, Indian corn, or oats. They are obtained from Virgiriia, Mary land,North Caro J 845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 381 M—Coritinued. Iina, 'Tennessee, Keritucky, and Louisiana. The cornmittee carinot give at this mornent their ayerage price or value. All^cotton goods, especially the coarser kinds, which are the most protected, have been higher inthe last three jrears, while cptton has been lower than it was ever kriown; rice, also, has ayeraged $2 54 in the last. four, years] and. in the four years preceding 1842 $3 51 per 100 lbs. It is. now bringirig a much higher price, the crop being one-third short, but mpre particularly in GPnsequence of the failure, of the crops in Europe.' Iron and cottpn goods, and the cparser kirids of other goods, are among the articles rnost protected by the tariff; many of them are excluded,! the duties being prphibitory. The coarser mariufactures of every kirid, which enter into the daily wants pf the rnasses,: are always the raost extensively consumed,, and all of these articles have been: relatively high in the last three years, as compared with the prices of cbtton arid rice. Timber 'arid lufnber afethe only articles of any consequence, the product of the State,; besides the staples, that are expprted. The icoramittee cannot furnish the relative prices for the ten years; preceding 1842, and.the three years subsequent. ' . .. Five-sixths:of the cotton grown iri: the United States is exported and consumed abroad, andr the same proportion may be;assumed. as correct iri felatipn to that portion pf the crpp raised in Ca;rolina,* Three-fourths of the rice growri in Carolina is exported arid consuraed abroad. T h e price of t h e fornier i s governed alrnbst entirely by; the ioreign deraand, arid this latter also, except in the surnrner: nionths, when .the suppty is sufficient only for the .horae consumptipn, and there is a cessation of export.- . B o t h articles meet competition .in the fpreign maxkets, by similar articles growniri other .cprintries.: The tariff diminishes irnports. The stateraerU-frprii the Departrnent (table I) shows! that the. less we import in a series .of .years, the less do we export in value, although the quantity may be increased^ High drities increase, the cost of production, by increasing the experise pf all ^articles; esseritial tp- subsistence, and lessen the ability of the planter-to rneet the competition abroad. The experience;of all countries has esta.blished the ifact, that there is such a eonriectipn betweeri imports and exports that ariy greatinequality. betweeri the two cannot long continue. The tables, in this report cpur firm this principle, (see table-Ij) arid they show that with increased prosperity in Europe, .and with erihanced prices of all kinds of cottPri gopds, the, raw material is.lower, than was ever known. The Europeari manu-, facturef: has obtained from . us. more cotton for l e s s money,, while- the * Mr. Webster,- in a speech delivered at one of the fairs in the interior of New .York, in 1843, stated that the consumption of cotton in the-United. States was equal to one-third of, the cotton crop, Mrl Webster.dis'played great, ignorance, or he practised a great imposition upon his hearers. -The cotton crop of 1842--43 was 2,378,875 bales, and the; consuniption (1842-'43) 325V129 bales, or one-seventh only ,of the crop, in round numbers. The crop of 1841-'42 was 1,683,574, and the .;consumptioh 267,850, being less than one-sixth; and the crop of 1844. 2,400,000, and the consumption 389,000, or less than one-sixth of the crop also. There is a good deal of cotton manufactured on .the plantations foi' domestic use, ;and by mills in the-interior, of the southern States,^but this can make ;no. difference in the; statement, as the whole quantity is: relatively small^, and the cotton so iised is not taken from the ports, and isnot consequently included in the crop, so that both items niay be thrown out with perfect fairness. • • ' ^ 382 - R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M-^Continued.. Americari cotton grower.has had fewer goods fof more money. Such a trade rnust, sooner or later, be ruinous to the exports; of the cou.ntry.* There have .been several cotton factories established within the * State in the last fewyears. Npt enough is known of thera to give the information asked. They are reported, however, to be doing a prpfitable business, and it is believed that they, would be equally thriving with a fair revenue duty. -, - , ' Tables B, C, and D„ furnish a list of many articles of foreign mariufacture which come into competition with similar articles mariufactured in the United States, the duties pn whicli are riearly, if not entirely,, prohibitpry.. The duty on bagging is particularly onerous to the planter, because it is-almost exclrr sively used in the South in the packing of, cottori. It is subject to a dutyof four cents the square yard, equal to 44^^, per cent, on the .cost of t h e imported article. .; There were required for, the packing of the cotton crop of 1844, 14,400,000 3^ards, and there were imported 1,825,152 ; leaving 12,574,848 3''ards, which were furnished hy the home manufacturer. ; The bagging imported in 1844 paid into the Umted States Treasury the sum of $73,00,6 08. . Assuming 20 per cent, to be a fair revenue duty, the difference between 20 per cent, and 44^ pef cent., beirig 24^-per cent., or', in round riumbers, ' 25 per cent., wa.s levied pn the cori sumers of home-made bagging, as a" bounty to .the rrianufacturer.:. Nearly every article used in .manufacturing is eithex free of duty or lightly taxed. Cotton bagging, is .a riecessary article in the production of cptton. To be plkced-on a fboting with the manu.fa;cturer, .bagging should-be free of dutj^ or among the lightly taxed articles, or there should be ari allowance equal to the duty on all bagging exported with cptton, in analogy to salt used in the fisheries. • Osnaburgs, coarse; cotton goods, plains, coarse woolens and flannels, > are extensively used in the South in the clothing of slaves,, and by other laborers. These articles are; among the most protected, and are subject to duties varying from 40 to 200 per cent., as will be seeri by reference to tables 'B,. C, and D. Among.the rnost- onerous of these duties, afe * It m a y be said that the decline iii the' price of cotton is to be-attributfed to an increase of production beyond the wants of cdnsumption, but this is an error. T h e cotton crop ofthe United States of 1844 was 2,400,000 bales^—the largest ever made ; .notwithstanding, the-stocks in the American ports, on the" 30th August, the end of the cottori year, were less than they were on '^'the 30th August, 1844, b y . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65,676 bales. B y the last dates.from H a v r e , the stocks of American cotton were less than last . ' year, at the same time i .19,500 \ *' / '\ : ^ ., ' ] • • : • In Liverpool, they were more than.at same time last y e a r . . . . . . . . . ' . . '85,146 ^ " / / . . . . ; .64,300 " M a k i n g a deficiency in stock o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 , 8 4 6 ** as compared with "the'same periods of 1844,-notwithstanding a crop of 2j400;00p bales. T h e stocks in the other contiiiental ports cannot be ^stated, btit-they are notlarge... T h e s t o c k s in'spinners' hands i n F r a n c e . a r e moderate. In Engiand they are large, but much smaller,.compared with the extent of th'eir t r a d e , tlVari it.was their practice to hold sdfne few years since. ' . It-is not unreason ab lie to assume, therefore, that had not; the'Consumption been curtailed i n t h e United States-by the excessive duties on imports, and more ^especially those on the coarser kinds of cotton goods, the consumption of cotton at tliis :time would- -not only, have been larger, -but •quite sufficient to have kept pace with the .production, withoiit the disproportionate decline iri price that has taken place between i t arid the-iailicles raanufactured froni'it. ' , , • 1845.] SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. - 883 M—^Contiriued. those on coarse cotton goods,.which, in some instances, are equal to 200 per cerit.; consequently, there have been none imported since the tariff of 1842, the duties being prohibitory. Thus the cotton planter,, five-sixths of whose crop is taken by the fbreign rrianufacturer, is prevented frPrri takirig, in. returri, the very articles produced from the raw material wliich he grows, and'he is therebyfiorced,by a tariff .lessening competition and diminishing consumption, to xdd in 'depressing the value ofi the. very' article produced by the sweat ofi'his owiibrc'w. ' - \ ' Cottori .gppds afe manufactured as cheaply in England as in the United States, and, undef a fair reveriue duty, they would be irnported to sorae extent.; Tables B, C,- and D, furnish a list-of marly articles so circumstanced, riearly or entirely prohibited by the tariff, and yielding no revenue. A declirie in the price of'cotton goods abroad depresses the price ofthe raw materia:l at horiie. Most generally, where prices of articles of raanufacture declirie, especially articles of necessity, the cost of productiori is relativelydiriiinished. It is ribt so with the, cotton planter,: fox he canriot reduce his experises by iraporting the cheaperarticle from abroad— made, too, from hisPwri cotton; for no matter whait the dechne in price, the duty-is prohibitory; and the lower the price, the more onerous it becomes. For Instarice, a yard of co.tton goods, costing 10 cents, pays a specific duty of six cerits, equal.to 60 per cent; the pfice declines to five cerits, and it still pays six cerits duty, equal to 120 per cent. > The duties dn sugar arid molasses are also particularly onerous. The • Spanish islarid s are &;riiorig.the "best customers for the: rice of Carolina. The duties on sugar- arid ^inplasses are extravagantly 'hrgh, and theif tendency is to curtail the consurnptiPn of ri(3ey by lessening the rneans to pay for it. The duty on-Muscovadp sugar" is 100 to 143 per cent.; on malasses," 60 to 100 per cent. Table J will show the result of an import tation of twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, riettirig to the West India planter 98 cents the 100 poundsV Similar, results are common. High duties eri'hance the price of rnariufcictures and the cost of living to the agriculturist, (and all other corisuriiers,) arid depress the prices pf produce.^ By /refe.rerice to table I, it wih been seen that the ayerage yearly export of cotton from 1833 to 1841 was . . . . . . . . . . . .lbs. 472,037,779 From 1842 to 1844 .-..i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lbs. 680,215,859 The average value of cottori exported frorn 1833to 1841, was $58,458,031. Arid from 1842, after the new tariff'went into operation, to _ •1844 . . . . . . .';.':.. ...:..,.•. •'...-. . ' . 1 . . . .$50,292,257 Making the increase of quaritity. . \ . . . . , .L .lbs. 208,178,080 While the decline in value was . . : : . - . . . .•.$8,165,774 I t is also a fact that the years of large impof ts are those in. which the 'agriculturists have pbtained the best prices for their produce. The avef age value of the irriports (refefririg to table I), from 1833 to ^ ••l84i, was . . . .'. :^. •. . . . . . . . . . l . . : . . . - . . . . .$136,264,25^ And frorii 1842, after the riew tariff,, to 1844, was . . . . . . .'.$91,116,973 While the average value of the exports from 1833 to 1841, . was . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . -..-.: '.•... .$116,189,575 And ffom 1842 to 1844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fi... .$10X),079,353 384 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—Continued. Showing a falling off in the imports, of .. $45,149,901 And in the exports, of. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,110,222 By reference to the same table, it will be seen, also, that the average price of cottori fi^oni 1833 to 1841 was $12 33^, and frora 1842 tp 1844, $7 .33J. The same table gives the average value of cotton goods irnported frorii 1833 to 1841 t o have been . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,329,908 And from 1842 to 1844 . . . . i . 8,706,263 Showing a faLlling off" in the valrie of cotton goods ; • irnported, of -..-.., — , . - - - — . . - - - . .$2,62.3,645 per year. The average value of the irnport pf woolen goods from 1833 to 1841, was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . : .$13,635,357 And from 1842 to 1 8 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5,978,261 Showing a falling off o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .$7,657,096 per year." Thus it is plainly shown, that under, a S3^stem of low duties, there is always an iricrease of imports arid exports, with a corresponding increase in the capacity to consume, yvhich is .sensibly felt in the planting States; arid that high duties have the reverse effect. Miriimum and specific duties are unjust and iniquitous, because of the heavy exactions they impose on the many fpr the beriefit ofthe few, and because they irapose a higher percentage of diity^ on the coarser articles, which are consuined exclusively, or nearly so, b}^ the laboring and poorer claisses, than is levied on the finer articles, which are consuraed by the more wealthy. . They are especially onerous to the South, because,, beirig without manufactures, or nearly so, there is no class to beriefit by thern, and the tax therefofe becomes sectional; whereas, in the* Northern and Ea;stern States, although the consurners there pay the tax also, yet tliey have more than ari offset, a n d a s a section are ppsitive gainers, by the enhanced prices obtairied for their goods by virtue of the protection they receiye. All other branches of iridustry are injuriously affected by the present high duties. . The mechanic .and. artisan have to p a y higher for their clothirig. All expenses' of living enter into the cost of productiori; the implements which they use, and the materials which are necessary to their business, are heavily taxed. By referenceto table D, it wiH be seen that iron .spikesy iron wire, wood-screws, cross-cut saws, &c.,- pay a dut}^ of 80 to 100 per cent.. English; bar iron, which is converted into hooks, hinges, rind various kinds of bolts, pays a. duty of 80 per cent^, while these articles of.fpreign manufacture are admitted at duties of 32 to 36 per cenf. * ' ./ . • ': • .^ The mechanic is a corisumer ofthe products of the soil, as well as of nianufactures. : The' high duties on .the articles .necessary to.his trade are restrictions upon his. industry-—they lessen his profits, curtail his employraent, arid diniinish his rnearis as a corisurrier. The South being without raanufactures, the effect of .a protective tariff is to compel every man, whether he be a cultivator of the land or an artisan,.to contribute, to the exterit of,the protection, to the supportof others, on all protected .articles that he consumes. ' ^ The effect of the present system of duties upori articles extensively' 1845.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 335 M^Continued. consumed, but manufactured only to a limited extent in the United St.ates, is of course to enhance the value of,both the fpreign and domestic article excessively, and is injurious to the interests of all the other industrial classes, by increasing their outlay and experises artificially and unnaturally. . . The growers of rice, cotton,' and tobacco, in the last twenty-three years, have furnished 67 pex-^cent. pf the entire export of the country, (see table E,) and they are heavily taxed on all the articles used in their production. .:' ' • ' . r The manufacturers in the same time have furnished' one-tenth only of the value of the entire export, and every article used in their particular branch pf industry is either duty free, or lightly taxed.. The coraparative operation ofthe present tariff upon the raanufacturers and other classes of citizens is clearly very partial to the forraer. . There is scarcely an article used in the process of manufacturing that is not free,;or riearly. so. • Witness the words of the tariff: drysalteries, dj^ewoods of all kirids, palrn oil, berries, nuts, arid vegetables used, principally in dyeing, and composing dyes, crude and refined sulphur, cochineal, gums, India rubber, kelp, lac dye, madder; and rnadder root, sumac, saltpetre,'palm leaf, platina, ivory, feeds, mother-of-peari, &c., comprisirig most articles used in manufacturing processes,; whilst others pay a low rate of duty, varying^ frPm; 5 to 20 per cent., all which should enable the rnanufacturer to produce eyerything at the cheapest rate,, and to raeet foreign conipetition on the easiest ferriis, whUst its pperatiori on the othex classes is directly the reverse. "Everything required for an ecPnpniical living, arid a cheap production by planters, as well as by all the other great raechanical arts of'the couritry, is burdened with an excessive tax, enhancing the valrie riearly 50 per cent, before it,reaches the consuraer. Witness irpn and all its coarser raanufactures, [and cotton stuffs, running .up to 100 per cent.; cotton bag- . ging, 40 to 50 per cent.; carpets, 50 to 60 per c e n t ; flanriels, 14 cerits the square yard, without reference to its quality; ready-raade clothirig, 50 per c e n t ; .cotton thread, 1 8 | cts. perlb., or ,50 to 80 per c e n t ; all •>the low-priced fabrics of cotton and linen, and cotton and wool, for the use o f t h e poorer consumers, 40 to 60 per cent.: virtually prohibiting .many other articles altpgether, and forcing the farraer and all other classes.of citizens to pay an excessiye(^rice for aU iraported articles, or to take the doraestic article at a hfgh artificial value sustained by the tariff. ;It is evident these classes cannot, without submitting to a great deprivation of comfort, raise their produce and bring it into competition' with rnore favored producers, who are supplied with- necessaries at a natural or reasonable rate. - ' The.effect of the high protective duties on the cultivator of the soil is to depress the price of eyerythirig he produces, and to raise the price of everything that he consumes. The consequences are obvious: the profits from manufacturing, since the tariff of 1842, have been from 15; to 50 per cent.; from agriculture in South Carolina^, 3 to 4 p e r cent. The present high duties do not benefit; in any respect, those engaged VOL. V.—^25. 386 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. ' M—Gontinued. . in growing the staples bf ricevcotton, and tobacco, but the very reverse,; and the.y cannot be modified in any Way to benefit these interests, but by feducing therir. The State has not prospered under the protective tariff systera, and it has beeri shown in what raanner it has been affected Tea and eoffee are legitiraate objectsfor a revenue tariff, because they are consumed by all cla.sses: throughout the Union, arid a moderate duty would not bear heavily on any one class, nor would it check consumption. A moderate duty on the articles now free, with a 20 per cent, duty bn tea and coffee, arid on alf articles now paying a duty above that rate, would greatly iricrease the reveriue, and at the sarae tirae equalize the burdens ofthe Governrnent; 20 per. cent duty on the free articles would furnish near $5,000,000 of revenue. ^ High duties dirriinish iraports, or wholly pre vent th era. ^ If the articles now excluded by excessive duties, or the iniport of which is diniinished from the sariie cause, were perraitted to corne in under a fair revenue duty, an irapulse would be given to every branch of industry, and the public revenue would be greatly increased, without irnposirig any partial or onerous •burdens on any class or section of the country. Hunt's Magazine, speaking of Great Britain, says": " T h e collateral * effect of the reraoval of the duties updn necessary articles appears to * have proraoted the consuraption of all others, in, a nianner to gain 30per . ^cent. rriore revenue than was estiraated by the rainister." .Nor would^a reduction;pf duties to a strictly revenue standard injure the raanufacturer, for the greater prosperity pf the consuraers (or, iri. other wprds, his custoraers) urider such asystem, would more than compensate hira against . the corapetition from abroad. ' . The reduction of duties on live animals, butter, and cheese, impprted irito Great Britain, this year, shows that the graziers arid farmers are., less dependent on a monopoly than on a prosperous condition of their consuraers. There were iraported into Great Britain in the O^en. Cows. Calves. Sheep & lambs. Swine.. First 9 months of 1845, 6,863, 3,754 655' '5,791 495 And in a l l . . - . . . . 1 8 4 4 , 1,422 533 40 359 C186/ Iri a l l . . . . . . . . . . 1843, 556 270 ^^ 32 164 •: 242 There were imported into Great.Britain from Jariuary '5, to September 5^— ^ '^- • .1843. . *^o, • 1844. -• 1845.'•' Of b u t t e r . . . . . . . . . 103,482 e w t . 123,575 c w t ^ 163,355 cwt. Of cheese . . . . . . . 97,894 '' . 129,587 >" 163,305. " Notwithstariding this great increase iri the impprt pf live animals, the London Economist states, " that the deraand.for live cattle in all parts 'of the kingdora was never so great as at this time, nor have better prices ffor. years been obtairied. The same remarks," sa.ys the London Ecoriorriist,"** apply to butter arid cheese. ' The irnport of foreign butter ' a n d cheese coritinue s frora radrith to raorrth on a rapidly iricreasirig ' scale; but evefy raonth the demand for the home produce becomes 'greater.". ^ ' 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 387 M—Continued. The export of British produce and manufactures from the United Kingdom, for the eight months ending the 5th of September, 1845, is nearly as possible the same in value as in the same eight months of 1844, and much less in quantity; yet so great is the prosperity of the horne trade, or, in pther wofds so much improved is the conditiori of the consumer, airising from the greatex abundance of food, and the greater freedom tp industry under the late tariff, that all articles of rnanufaeture are higher than they have been for several years, v The foregoing statements show that the prosperous condition ofthe masses is far raore important to the manufacturer in the United States, than any monopoly that couldbe established. Wool is grown in South Carolina to some extent; itJ s entirely corisumed within the State; the product is increasirig. The iron mines are extensive, and sPrae sraall workings by blpomeries have been made.. These are of no consequence. There are three establishments for the working of iron mines, by blast furnaces, rolhng mills, &c. They are located respe.cjively in Yorky Union, and Spartanburg districts. To each establishrnent are attached considerable mines of iron ores.:, There are eight blast furnaces, three xolhng mills, three foundries, and two nail factories,-in the th.ree establishments. They are w;.orked. chiefly by slave labor; their product,varies from 3,500 to 4,000 tons of pigs to half that quantity. This is worked into . castings, bars, nails, Mc. Prices/have varied considerably, being influenced more by the ahility of consumers than other causes. The consumption is local, araong th6 planting interest; and whatever depresses that,^ and diminishes ifs ability ti3 consume, lessens demand and prices. Since 1842, theprice of iron has been reduced frorii this cause some 30 per cent, until latterly it bears a better rate. This again is to be attributed to the fact that a drought of neaxly two years has rendered the supply pf water for the works often inadequate, and the production has been very considerably reduced. The price of iron in the markets thgtt are supphed by these works, although affected, is not yet controlled by the tariff. Their location is -so fax in the interior as to constitute a protection against foreign competitors, and the cheapness .of prpvisions and slave labor, with competent skill and management, will always rerider them independent of Government prptectiori. ' . Commerce^,—The proportion that the eapital in the State irivested in commerce bears to the value of its= staple products, eannot be correctly stated in figures. It is quite ample, however. The interest on money has been moderate and steady for many years, and capital can always be had at the legal rate of interest for all legitimate purposes of business. -The eommerciarinterests of the State have been much depressed for mariy years.; The draining influence of the tariff has no doubt been a leading cause. The products of the soil are sold at low cash prices, and all articles of consumption are bpught at high monopoly prices. The effect in a series of years must be increased poyerty, a deprivation of eomforts, and a crippiled < trade. Table A will show that the principal staple of ;the State, cotton, rates lower in price than it has ever done, 388 R E P O R T S OF T H E [1845. M—-Continued. while in Eufope and Araerica all raanufactures, especially of cotton, are higher than they have been for years. The effect of the tariff* has been to transfer, or to convert, the direct foreigri iraport trade into a doraestic or coastwise one, and tP corapeltfie planting States to receiye all necessary supphes at enhanced home prices, in lieu of the cheaper foreign article. The transfer has cost the South the differerice betweeri the prices, of the article abroad arid the prices of the article of home manufacture, besides liessening the demand for the products of the South, anddirainishirig their prices of value.-—(See tables.) ; ' ' . ' • • . . ' . ; Table G will show that the average yearly araount of dudes coUected in South Carolina, from theyear 1800. to 1828, the year of the first.very extravagant protective tariff, was $928,951, and frorri 1828. to 1844 $467,993, exhibitirig a falhrig off iri the import of one-half; and in the last statement is included $150,000 duty on railroad iron impof ted iri 1844. ' • ^;; , \ • ." .--.•;. • The same results will be found iu the exports, by f eference to table E. They iricrease with a low duty, and falloff with a high duty, and prices-of produce are affected accordingly, as has been .exhibited in the tables annexed. ;. " It is undeniable, that all regulations which convert a trade of barter into a comraerce where specie forras an important payraent in the settlement of conimercial balances, or which force the-foreign trade into indirect or circuitous channels, ;niust affect, sooner or later, the value of the exports pfthe country. ; • . The amount of imported mercharidise in the year 1844, subject to duty,, was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$83,668,154 Of mercharidise free of d u t y . . . : - , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,766,881 Total iniport in 1844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$108,435,035 The amount of duty collected was $29,137,061, equaf tp (in. round iirirnbers) 35 per pent. A duty of 27 per cent', pn the whole amourit imported wpuld have produced the same amourit of revenue; showing a tax paid by the corisuraers, and which the raanufacturers received^as a bonus, of $7,000,000, or of 8 per cent on .$83,668,154. ^ In addition to this bonus: of $7,000,000, besides a protection of 27 per cent-, assuraing that to have been the duty on the whole; arapunt of import, the nianufacturers receiyed also an additional borius of 8 per cerit (the difference between 27 and 35 per cent.) on the whole amount of protected goods manufactured by them—say on $200,0005000^equal to $1,6,000,000; and this protectipn is given to an iriterest whoseriurribers and capital do not exceed the nunibers and caipital of South Carohna. Such a system miist be injurious to the entire foreign trade of the eountry, but more especially to that portiori ofit whose staple products a r e consumed principally abroad. Warehoufing.T—tn the absence of a system of warehonsirig, all articles in origirial packages should be entitled to drawback oh being reexported, 1845.] S E C R E T A R Y OF T H E TREASURY. 389 .M—Cpntinued. except wines and spirits not in custom-house stores. The estabhshment ofa proper system of warehousing would, however, fender drawbacks unnecessary, and, if properly regulated, would greatly benefit all the great interests of the country. Agriculture, commerce,' manufactures arid navigation would all share in its benefits. ; The bill introduced at"^ the last session would be very obnoxious. The goods should at aU times be deemed sufficient security for the duties, and duties should be paid on the weight ox measure of goods at the,time of delivery fof corisumption, or export. The duties not being payable until delivery of the goods, or until they be' taken out of bond at the exprration of the time allowed for warehousing, no interest should b p charged thereon. , The storage shbuld be by operi corapetition, and the merchant should be permitted to find the warehouse, the Government being satisfied with the safety arid the' sepurity of the building. ; Goods intended for corisuraption raight also be permitted to be shipped from one port of entry to another, the duties to be paid at the port where they are entered for consumption. In case of drawbacks, it is equally unjust that the duties allowed should be on the weight or measure at' the time of landing. Table K will show its operatibn. A drawback on fish from the British Provinces, arid elsewhere, would be highly berieficial to the southern States. If a drawback were allowed, fish would be imported to some extent for the purpose of export, arid assist greatly in making up assorted cargoes with our own staples, without irij ury to the Araericari fisheries. Ship-building.-r—Charleston was. at one tirae engaged in ship-building to sorae extent, and rnany ships were owned by its citizens. There are now very few ships owned by them, and the vessels built annually are very few, andgeneralty of the sriiallest class. The high duties on iron, chains, cables, and other articles of outfit, render them, costly in proportion to the cost of British vessels; and the competition from these