Full text of Annual Report of the Secretary of Commerce : Ninth Annual Report of the Secretary of Commerce, 1921

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O R G A N IZ A T I O N O F T H E D E P A R T M E N T .
[ O c t o b e r 1 , 1 9 2 1 .]

S e c re ta ry o f C o m m e rc e _________________________________ H e r b e r t

Hoo ver .

A s s is ta n t S e c re ta ry o f C o m m e rc e _____________ _________ C l a u d iu s H. H u s t o n .
S o lic ito r_______________________________________________ W i l l i a m

E. L a m b .

A s s is t a n t to t lie S e c r e t a r y _____________________________ F . M . F e i k e r .
P r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y to tlie S e c r e t a r y ______________________R ic h a r d S. E m m e t .
C h i e f C le r k a n d S u p e r in t e n d e n t ________________________ E d w a r d W . L ib b e y .

D is b u r s in g C le rk _________- _____________________________ C h a r l e s E. M o l s t e r .
C h ief, D iv is io n o f A p p o in tm e n ts ------------------------------------C l if f o r d

H a s t in g s .

C h ie f , D iv is io n o f P u b lic a t io n s _________________________ T h o m a s

F. Mc Ke o n .

C h ie f , D iv is io n o f S u p p lié s --------------------------------------------F r a n c is M. S h o r e .
D ir e c t o r o f t lie C e n s u s _________________________________ W il l i a m M . S t e u a r t .
D ir e c t o r , B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e ___ J u l i u s K l e i n .

D ire c to r, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s _________________________ S. W . S t r a t t o n .
C o m m is s io n e r o f F i s h e r i e s ______________________________H u g h M. S m i t h .
C o m m is s io n e r o f L ig h t h o u s e s _____________ ____________ G e o r g e It. P u t n a m .
D ir e c to r , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ___________________ E. L e s t e r J o n e s .
C o m m is s io n e r o f N a v ig a t io n ___________________________D a v id B. C a r s o n .
S u p e r v is in g

In sp ecto r

G e n e r a l,

S te a m b o a t- In sp e c tio n

S e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ge o r g e U h l

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C O N T E N T S
Page.

I n tr o d u c to r y s t a t e m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------------A p p e n d ix A .— R e p o r ts o f a d m in is t r a t iv e d iv is io n s o f t h e O ffice o f th e

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S ecreta ry ________________________________________________________
G o v e r n m e n t -o w n e d b u ild in g s f o r t h e D e p a r t m e n t ----------------------------

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A r c h iv e s b u i l d i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------T r a v e l a llo w a n c e ------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------E s t im a t e s fo r fisc a l y e a r e n d in g J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 3 -------------------------------A p p r o p r ia t io n s a n d e x p e n d it u r e s --------------------------------------------------

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P e r so n n e l S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r i n t in g a n d b in d in g ------------------------------------------------------------------D e p a r t m e n t l i b r a r y ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------W o r k o f th e S o lic i t o r ’s O ffice----------------------------------------------------A p p e n d ix B .— A b s t r a c t o f r e p o r t o f t h e D ir e c t o r o f t h e B u r e a u o f th e

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C en su s___________________________________________________________
D e c e n n ia l c e n s u s w o r k ---------------------------------------------------------------A n n u a l a n d o t h e r in q u ir ie s n o t in c lu d e d in t h e d e c e n n ia l c e n s u s ------C e n su s p u b lic a tio n s ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------P r e s e r v a tio n o f r e c o r d s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o o p e r a tio n w it h o th e r b u r e a u s ---------------------------------------------------R e c o m m e n d a tio n s f o r c h a n g e s in c e n s u s la w s a n d m e t h o d s -------------A p p e n d ix C.— A b s tr a c t o f r e p o r t o f th e D ir e c t o r o f t h e B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n

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a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e ----------------------------------------------------------------D e c r e a s e in t o ta l v a lu e o f fo r e ig n t r a d e --------------------------------------C h a n g e s a m o n g o ffic e r s a n d d iv is io n c h ie f s o f B u r e a u ---------------------G e n e r a l d e v e lo p m e n ts in c o n n e c tio n w it h fo r e ig n s e r v i c e ----------------W e s te r n a n d n o r th e r n E u r o p e — B r i t i s h S o u t h A f r ic a --------------------

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P e r m a n e n t p o s ts in so u th e r n a n d c e n t r a l E u r o p e ----- --- ----------------W o rk o f a t t a c h é s in L a tin A m e r ic a ------ -------------------------------------A c t iv it y a t p e r m a n e n t p o s ts in F a r E a s t ------------------------------------G e n e r a l e c o n o m ic s u r v e y s b y t r a v e lin g c o m m is s io n e r s ------------------C o m m o d ity i n v e s t ig a t io n s ----------------------------------------------------------D i s t r ic t a n d c o o p e r a t iv e o ffic e s---------------------------------------------------I n c r e a s e d e f f e c t iv e n e s s o f L a tin A m e r ic a n w o r k ----- ------ --------- —
E x p a n s io n a n d d e v e lo p m e n t o f F a r E a s te r n w o r k -------------------------W o rk In c o n n e c tio n w it h E u r o p e , C a n a d a , a n d A f r ic a ------ -------------P r o m o tio n o f c o m m e r c e w it h N e a r E a s t -------------------------------------R e s u lt s a t t a in e d b y R u s s ia n d iv is io n ------------------------ ------------------D iv is i o n o f s t a t i s t i c s ----------------- :----------------------------------------------O r ig in a l r e se a r c h a n d c o m p ila tio n o f fo r e ig n s t a t i s t i c s ----------------D iv is io n o f fo r e ig n t a r if f s ----------------------------------------------------------I n c r e a s e d a c t iv i t y in c o r r e sp o n d e n c e a n d d is t r ib u t io n w o r k — ...... ......
E d it o r ia l d iv is io n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e c o m m e n d a t io n s ----------------- - ---------------------- ------------------------------

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CONTENTS.
Page.

A p p e n d ix D .— A b s t r a c t o f r e p o r t o f th e D ir e c t o r o f t h e B u r e a u o f S ta n d ­
a r d s -------------------------------------------------------

75

W e ig h t s a n d m e a s u r e s _________ i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
E l e c t r i c i t y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ;_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
H e a t a n d th e r m o m e tr y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_______
O p tic s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
C h e m is tr y ______________________________________________________
E n g in e e r in g p h y s ic s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S tr u c tu r a l, e n g in e e r in g , a n d m is c e lla n e o u s m a t e r ia l s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M e t a l l u r g y ___ i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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C e r a m ic s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A p p e n d ix E .— A b s tr a c t o f r e p o r t o f th e C o m m is s io n e r o f th e B u r e a u o f
F is h e r ie s _________________________________________________________
R e la t io n s w it h t h e fis h e r y in d u s t r ie s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A la sk a f is h e r ie s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A la s k a f u r -s e a l s e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B io lo g ic a l in q u ir ie s a n d e x p e r im e n ts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P o llu tio n o f w a t e r s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o p a g a tio n o f fo o d f is h e s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A p p e n d ix P .— A b s t r a c t o f r e p o r t o f t h e C o m m is s io n e r o f t h e B u r e a u o f
L ig h th o u s e s ____________________________________________
M ore im p o r ta n t a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e L ig h th o u s e S e r v ic e d u r in g t h e y e a r .
S u m m a r y o f m o re u r g e n t n e e d s o f t h e L ig h th o u s e S e r v i c e _______
S p e c ia l le g is la t io n n e e d e d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
V e s s e ls , u r g e n t n e e d fo r r e p la c e m e n t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A id s to n a v ig a t io n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A d m in i s t r a t i o n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :i'2_ __
E n g in e e r in g a n d c o n s t r u c t io n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I m p r o v e m e n ts in a p p a r a tu s a n d e q u ip m e n t_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

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P e r s o n n e l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a v in g o f l i f e a n d p r o p e r ty ---------------- - ------------------------- 2 ------------L ig h t h o u s e d e p o ts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e n d e r s a n d lig h t v e s s e ls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A p p e n d ix G .— A b s t r a c t o f r e p o r t o f t h e D ir e c to r o f t h e C o a st a n d G e o ­
d e t ic S u r v e y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,----- 1-----------------------------------------N e e d s o f th e B u re a u ____________________________________________
G e n e r a l s t a te m e n t o f w o r k d o n e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A p p e n d ix H .— A b s tr a c t o f r e p o r t o f th e C o m m is s io n e r o f th e B u r e a u o f
N a v ig a tio n _______________________________________________________
I n s p e c tio n o f c a r g o s t e a m e r s -------------------------------------------------------L o a d lin e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------O cean p a ssen g er ste a m e r s_______________________________________
R a d io c o m m u n ic a t io n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S h ip p in g c o m m is s io n e r s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E n fo r c e m e n t o f th e n a v ig a tio n l a w s ---------------------------------------------M o to r b o a t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a v ig a t io n r e c e ip t s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
N a v ig a t io n a p p r o p r ia tio n s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A p p e n d ix I.— A b s t r a c t o f r e p o r t o f t h e S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l o f
th e S te a m b o a t- In sp e c tio n S e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
O r g a n iz a t io n _____________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S t a t i s t i c s ____ ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A d m in is t r a t iv e e f f ic i e n c y ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
D e s ir a b le l e g is la t io n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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N IN T H A N N U A L R E PO R T
OF T H E

SE C R E T A R Y OF CO M M ERCE.
D e pa r t m e n t o f Co m m e r c e ,
O f f ic e o f t h e Se c r e t a r y ,

Washington, November 15, 1921.
T o th e P r e s id e n t :
I h a v e th e h o n o r to s u b m it h e r e w ith , fo r t r a n s m is s io n to C o n g r e s s ,
in a c c o r d a n c e w it h p r o v is io n s o f th e o r g a n ic act', th e n in t h a n n u a l
r e p o r t o f th e S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m er c e. I a t ta c h h e r e to f o r m a l r e p o r ts
o f t h e d iff e r e n t b u r e a u s, s h o w in g th e sc o p e a n d c h a r a c te r o f t h e ir
w o r k a n d e x p e n d itu r e s d u r in g th e fisca l y e a r in q u e s tio n .
A s I a ss u m e d office o n M a r c h 4 , 1 9 2 1 , t h is r e p o r t c o v e r s b u t f o u r
m o n th s o f th e a d m in is t r a t io n o f th e D e p a r t m e n t u n d e r m y d ir e c ­
tio n .
T h e n e w a d m in is t r a t io n d u r in g t h is f o u r m o n th s d e v o te d
i t s e lf to t w o p r im a r y q u e s t io n s :
F i r s t . R e o r g a n iz a tio n o f th e d e p a r tm e n ta l e x p e n d itu r e s .
S e c o n d . R e o r g a n iz a tio n o f th o s e b u r e a u s c o n c e r n e d w it h in d u s ­
t r y a n d tr a d e , th a t th e y m a y b e c om e o f m o r e e ff e c tiv e s e r v ic e to th e
c o m m u n ity .
T h e r e su lts o f r e o r g a n iz a tio n e n a b le d a r e v is io n o f th e e s tim a t e s
o f e x p e n d it u r e f o r th e fis c a l y e a r 1 9 2 1 -2 2 , so th a t w h ile t h e t o t a l
a p p r o p r ia t io n s a v a ila b le f o r th e D e p a r t m e n t f o r t h is p e r io d a re
$ 2 4 ,2 2 2 ,1 9 2 , y e t it n o w se e m s p r o b a b le t h a t th e e x p e n s e s d u r in g t h is
fisc a l y e a r ‘w i l l a p p r o x im a t e $ 2 0 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 , s h o w in g a to ta l s a v in g o f
a b o u t $ 4,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , o r lO f p e r c e n t, o f th e a v a ila b le a p p r o p r ia tio n s .
T h e a b o v e e c o n o m ie s s h o u ld b e a c c o m p lis h e d n o t w it h s t a n d in g
t h e t r a n s f e r o f so m e s a v in g s a n d so m e s u p p le m e n t a l a p p r o p r ia tio n s
to b u r e a u s w h o s e s e r v ic e s to t h e p u b lic r e q u ir e d e x p a n s io n i f t h e y
w e r e to g i v e f u l l e ffe c tiv e n e s s .
T h e r e su lts o f r e o r g a n iz a tio n o f th e b u r e a u s c o n c e r n in g in d u s t r y
a n d tr a d e a re in p a r t in d ic a t e d b y th e in c r e a s e in v o lu m e o f d e m a n d
u p o n th e D e p a r t m e n t f o r h e lp f u l a c tio n o r in fo r m a tio n . T h e s e
d e m a n d s h a v e n o w r e a c h e d a r a te o f o v e r 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 p e r a n n u m .
T h e fu r th e r p r a c tic a l r e su lt s to A m e r ic a n c o m m e r c e a n d in d u s t r y
w ill be m o r e e v id e n t la te r in t h e y e a r a n d c o m m e n t u p o n th e m c an
b e st be d e fe r r e d u n t il r e su lts h a v e b ee n f u r th e r r e a liz e d .
0

6

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

T h e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a r ea l D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , e ff e c tiv e
in s e r v ic e to th e p r o d u c e r s, m a n u f a c t u r e r s , a n d d is tr ib u t o r s o f c o m ­
m o d it ie s , a b le to g i v e e c o n o m ic in t e r p r e t a t io n o f im p o r ta n c e to th e
A m e r ic a n p u b lic g e n e r a lly , to s t im u la t e A m e r ic a n tr a d e a n d m e r ­
c h a n t m a r in e , r e q u ir e s a th o r o u g h r e o r g a n iz a tio n a n d e n tir e r e g r o u p ­
in g o f t h e F e d e r a l f u n c t io n s b e a r in g u p o n th e se p r o b le m s. I n a s ­
m u c h a s th e se m a tt e r s a r e n o w a c t i v e ly b e fo r e C o n g r e s s a n d th e
a d m in is t r a t io n it is n o t n e c e ss a r y on t h is o c c a sio n to e n t e r u p o n
d is c u ss io n o f th e m .
Y o u rs f a ith fu lly ,

H er ber t H o o v er ,

Secretary of Commerce.

A p p e n d ix

A .— R E P O R T S
O F

T H E

O F

O F F IC E

A D M IN IS T R A T IV E
O F

T H E

D IV IS IO N S

SEC R ETA R Y .

W it h t h e g r e a t ly in c r e a s e d d e m a n d s o f b u s in e s s u p o n th e D e p a r t ­
m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , fo r c e is le n t t o t h e r e c o m m e n d a tio n s t h a t h a v e
b ee n m a d e in p r e c e d in g r e p o r ts r e g a r d in g n e w b u ild in g s , t r a v e l
a llo w a n c e s , a n d o th e r a d m in is t r a t iv e d e t a il.
T h e D e p a r t m e n t is
e s s e n t ia lly a b u s in e s s o r g a n iz a t io n , i t s s ta f f is m a d e u p l a r g e l y o f
m e n d r a w n e s p e c ia lly fr o m a c t iv e c o m m e r c ia l p u r s u its , a n d to r e n d e r
th e h ig h e s t s e r v ic e t h e y s h o u ld w o r k u n d e r b u s in e s s lik e c o n d itio n s .
M o r e o v e r , th e D e p a r t m e n t a s i t d e v e lo p s w i l l b e c o m e m o r e a n d m o re
t h e n a t u r a l h e a d q u a r t e r s o f A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s a n d i t s n e e d s fo r
b u ild in g s a n d p e r s o n n e l sh o u ld b e in te r p r e te d in t h a t s p ir it .
G O V E R N M E N T -O W N E D

B U IL D IN G

FOR

THE

DEPARTM ENT.

A m o n g th e g r e a te r n e e d s o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t is a G o v e r n m e n to w n e d b u il d in g to p r o p e r ly h o u s e it s v a r io u s a n d in c r e a s in g a c ­
t iv it ie s .
T h e C o m m e r c e B u i l d i n g h o u s e s th e im m e d ia te O ffice o f th e S e c r e ­
t a r y a n d t h e s e v e r a l d iv is io n s t h e r e o f , w h ic h c o n s is t o f t h e A s s is t a n t
S e c r e t a r y ’s office, S o l ic i t o r ’s office, C h ie f C le r k ’s office. D is b u r s in g
C le r k ’s office, A p p o in t m e n t D i v i s i o n , D i v i s i o n o f P u b lic a t io n s , D i ­
v is io n o f S u p p lie s , L ib r a r y , a n d th e S t o c k a n d S h i p p i n g S e c t io n ;
a ls o p a r t o f t h e B u r e a u o f th e C e n su s, p a r t o f t h e B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n
a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e , th e B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n , t h e B u r e a u o f
L ig h t h o u s e s , a n d t h e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e .
T h is b u i l d in g is le a s e d a t a n a n n u a l r e n ta l o f $ 6 5 ,0 0 0 . T h e D e ­
p a r t m e n t b e g a n i t s t e n a n c y o n S e p te m b e r 1, 1 9 1 3, a t a n a n n u a l
r e n ta l o f $ 4 8 ,0 0 0 , L a te r a n a d d it io n to t h e b u i l d in g w a s e r e c te d a n d
o c c u p ie d b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t o n J u l y 1, 1 9 1 4 , th e c o m b in e d r e n ta l b e ­
in g $ 6 5 ,0 0 0 p e r a n n u m . T o t h e c lo s e o f th e c a le n d a r y e a r 1921 a t o ta l
o f $ 5 3 1 ,2 4 9 .9 3 w i l l h a v e b ee n p a id in r e n t f o r t h is b u ild in g .
W h ile o n e o f th e c h e a p e s t r e n ta ls in th e D i s t r i c t o f C o lu m b ia , i t
r e q u ir e s n o a r g u m e n t to p r o v e t h e w is d o m o f h o u s in g G o v e r n m e n t
a c t i v i t i e s in G o v e r n m e n t-o w n e d b u ild in g s . F r o m a n e c o n o m ic a l as
w e ll a s a n a d m in is t r a t iv e p o in t o f v ie w t h is s h o u ld b e d o n e . T h e
C o m m e r c e B u i l d i n g is o v e r c r o w d e d t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t e ffic ie n c y
is g r e a t ly r e ta r d e d . T h e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s, in a d d it io n to o c c u ­

8

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

p y i n g a p o r t io n o f th e C o m m er c e B u i l d i n g , h a s q u a r te r s in b u ild in g
“ D , ” a t e m p o r a r y s tr u c tu r e e r e c te d f o r w a r n e e d s. T h e d iv is io n
o f s t a t is t ic s o f th e B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m er c e is
a ls o lo c a te d in o n e o f th e t e m p o r a r y w a r s tr u c tu r e s , to t h e g r e a t i n ­
c o n v e n ie n c e o f th e B u r e a u a n d th e im p a ir m e n t o f e fficien cy .
A R C H IV E S B U I L D I N G .

T h e g r o w in g n e ed f o r a n a t io n a l a r c h iv e s b u ild in g w a s f o r c ib ly
e m p h a s iz e d o n J a n u a r y 10, 1 9 2 1 , w h e n fire o f u n k n o w n o r ig in in th e
b a se m e n t o f th e C o m m e r c e B u il d i n g d e s tr o y e d a la r g e q u a n tity o f
v a lu a b le r e c o r d s o f s e v e r a l b u r e a u s o f th e D e p a r tm e n t.
T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s r e c o r d s w h ic h i f d e s tr o y e d c o u ld n o t be r e ­
p la c e d , a n d p r o p e r p r o t e c t io n f o r th e m sh o u ld r e c e iv e th e e a r n e st
c o n s id e r a t io n o f th e C o n g r e s s. I n a d d it io n to th e p r e s e n t u n s a t is ­
f a c t o r y m a n n e r in w h ic h th e se r e c o r d s a re s to r e d , t h e y o c c u p y sp a c e
w h ic h c o u ld b e u se d to a d v a n t a g e in c o n n e c tio n w it h th e in c r e a s in g
w o r k o f th e D e p a r tm e n t.
A s h a s b e en r e p e a te d ly m e n tio n e d in r e p o r ts o f m y p r e d e c e ss o r s,
th e se p a p e r s , p o s s e s s in g p e r m a n e n t v a lu e a n d h is t o r ic in te r e s t, i n ­
c lu d e c e n su s r e tu r n s , s t a t is t ic a l p u b lic a tio n s a n d r e p o r ts g o in g b a ck
a s f a r a s th e y e a r 1 8 4 7 , r e c o r d s o f sc ie n tif ic in q u ir ie s , t e c h n ic a l p a ­
p e rs, s h ip p in g r e c o r d s, c o p ie s o f d o c u m e n ts o f v e s s e ls fr o m 1813 to
d a t e , a n d c o r r e s p o n d e n c e a n d r e c o r d s o f r u lin g s , e tc ., u n d e r th e
s te a m b o a t-in s p e c tio n la w s .
I t sh o u ld r e q u ir e n o a r g u m e n t to j u s t i f y th e w is d o m o f e r e c t in g
a n a r c h iv e s b u ild in g fo r th e p r o p e r h o u s in g a n d p r o te c tio n o f th e
v a lu a b le p a p e r s o f a ll b r a n c h e s o f th e G o v e r n m e n t, m a n y o f w h ic h
r e la te to th e e a r ly h is t o r y , g r o w t h , a n d d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e c o u n t r y ,
th e lo ss o f w h ic h w o u ld be n o t h in g le s s th a n a c a la m ity .
T h e p u b lic b u ild in g s a c t o f M a r ch 4. 1913, a u th o r iz e d th e p r e p a r a ­
t io n o f a d e s ig n f o r a n a r c h iv e s b u ild in g , a n d th e S e c r e t a r y o f th e
T r e a s u r y w a s a u th o r iz e d to se le c t a site .
TRAVEL ALLOW ANCE.

R e c o m m e n d a tio n s h a v e h ith e r t o o f t e n b e e n m a d e w it h r e g a r d to
t r a v e l a llo w a n c e . U n d e r th e m o st a d v a n t a g e o u s c ir c u m s ta n c e s th e
p r e s e n t p e r d ie m a llo w a n c e o f $5 o r $ 4 in lie u o f s u b s is te n c e c o m ­
p e ls e m p lo y e e s t r a v e lin g o n G o v e r n m e n t b u s in e s s to d e f r a y th e ir
a c tu a l n e c e ss a r y e x p e n s e s fr o m p e r s o n a l f u n d s . I t is e s s e n t ia l in th e
in te r e s ts o f th e D e p a r t m e n t a n d o f b u s in e s s it se r v e s t h a t th e D e ­
p a r tm e n t r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s k e e p in c o n s ta n t c o n t a c t w it h in d u s t r y .
I t th e r e f o r e d e v e lo p s t h a t th e m o r e u s e fu l th e s e r v ic e r e n d e r e d a n d
th e m o r e a c tiv e th e i n d iv id u a l in h is w o r k th e g r e a te r is h e p e n a l­
iz e d f in a n c ia lly . T h e o b v io u s u n f a ir n e s s o f t h is a r r a n g e m e n t n e e d s

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

9

o n ly to b e s ta t e d to b e r e c o g n iz e d , a n d i t is h o p e d t h a t t h is c o n d itio n
m a y be r e m e d ie d t h is c o m in g y e a r .
T h e D e p a r t m e n t is a s k in g in i t s a n n u a l e s tim a te f o r a n in c r e a se d
a llo w a n c e n o t t o e x c e e d $7 a c lay , w h ic h , i f g r a n t e d , w i l l a ffo r d a
m u c h -n e e d e d r e lie f . T h e r e is n o d e sir e f o r e x tr a v a g a n c e , a n d s u i t ­
a b le r e g u la t io n s c a n be m a d e to k e e p th e e x p e n d itu r e s w it h in r e a ­
s o n a b le b o u n d s.
E S T IM A T E S

Co

FOR

F IS C A L

m pa r is o n B e t w e e n t iik It e m s o f
me r c e S u bm it t e d f o r t h e F is c a l

F

YEAR

E N D IN G

Es t im a t e s
Y e a r 1923

JU N E

30, 1923.

f o r t h e D e pa r t m e n t o k
a n d Appr o pr ia t io n s f o r

Co m ­
t h e

Y e a r 1922.

is c a l

E s t im a t e s ,
1923.

A p p r o p r ia ­
t i o n s , 1922.

In cre a se.

S a la r ie s....................................................

8 2 2 6 ,2 5 0 .0 0

8 1 9 6 ,0 5 0 .0 0

$ 3 0 ,2 0 0 .0 0

C o n t in g e n t e x p e n s e s .................................

9 2 .4 0 0 .0 0

5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

4 2 ,4 0 0 .0 0

R e n t ..............................................................

6 8 .5 0 0 .0 0

6S, 5 0 0 .0 0

3 8 7 ,1 5 0 .0 0

3 1 4 ,5 5 0 .0 0

B ureau .

D e c r e a se .

OFFICE OF T H E SECRETA RY .

T o ta l.

...................

7 2 ,6 0 0 .0 0

LIGH THO USE SER VICE.

2 3 ,7 1 0 .0 0

00 6 8 ,2 9 0 .0 0

S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f L i g h t h o u s e s ................................

9 2 .0 0 0 .

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s ............................................................

4 .4 0 0 .0 0 0 .

00 4 .2 0 0 .0 0 0 .

S a la r ie s o f k e e p e r s ..........................................................

1 .3 0 0 .0 0 0 .

00 1 .3 0 0 .0 0 0 .

00

S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e l s .........................................

1 .8 0 0 .0 0 0 .

00 1 .8 0 0 .0 0 0 .

00

00

2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e .......................................

4 6 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

4 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

6 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

R e t ir e d p a y .....................................................................

8 0 .0 0 0 .

00 7 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

V e s s e l s for g e n e r a l s e r v i c e ....................................

1 ,5 0 0 , 000.00

1, 000 , 000.00

D e p o t for fift h li g h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t ......................

275, 000.00

D e la w a r e B a y e n t r a n c e , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n . . .

138, 000.00

A la s k a , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n ...................................

125, 000.00

P u b l i c w o r k s:

000.00

C a lu m e t H a r b o r , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n .................

60,

S p e c t a c le R e e f lig h t s t a t i o n .................................

14, 500.00

C a p e S p e n c e r , A la s k a , l i g h t s t a t i o n ...................

175, 000.00

N e w p o r t , R . I ., l ig h t h o u s e d e p o t ......................

82, 300.00

R a d io fo g -sig n a l in s t a l l a t i o n s ..............................

50, 000.00

D e t r o it , M ic h ., l ig h t h o u s e d e p o t ........................

50,

000.00

.
.
.
.

500 000

.
.
.
.

275 000
138 000
125 000

00
00
00
00

66,000.00

.
. .
82.300.00
50.000 .
50.000 .

14 500.00
175 000

00
00
00

R a r it a n B a y , a id s t o n a v ig a t io n ........................

100, 000.00

100.000.

00

G a lv e s t o n B a y , a i d s t o n a v i g a t i o n ....................

125, 000.00

125 000

00

. .

H a w a iia n I s la n d s , lig h t h o u s e d e p o t ..................

120 , 000.00

120.000. 00

D e p o t for s e v e n t h l ig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t ...............

225, 000.00

2 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0 !

P o t o m a c R iv e r , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n ...................

90, 000.00

D e p o t for e ig h t h l ig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t ................ .

132, 750.00

C h a r le s t o n , S . C ., l ig h t h o u s e d e p o t ...................

60 000.00

V ir g in I s la n d s , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n .......... . .........

50; 000.00

L u d in g t o n , M ic h ., a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n ...............

70, 000.00

T a m p a B a y , F l a ., a i d s t o n a v i g a t i o n ...............

17, 500.00

K e e p e r s ’ d w e llin g s , G o a t I s la n d , C a li f .............

16, 500.00

D e p o t for s e c o n d lig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t .................

85, 500.00

S a n J u a n , P . R ., lig h t h o u s e d e p o t .....................

60, 000.00

K e t c h ik a n , A la s k a , l ig h t h o u s e d e p o t . . . . . . ___

75, 000.00

.000. 00
,750.00
.000.
.000.
.000.

90
132
60
50
70

17, .moo
16 500.00

00
00
00

.
.
. . 00
,
i.

85 500.00
60 000
75 000.00

j
i
i

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE,

10

Co

m pa r is o n B e t w e e n t h e It e m s o f
me r c e Su bm it t e d f o r t h e Fis c a l
F i s c a l Y e a r 19 22 — C o n tin u e d .

Es t im a t e s
Y e a r 1 9 23

A p p r o p r ia ­
t io n s , 1922.

E s tim a te s ,
1923.

l ig h t h o u s e

s e r v ic e

f o r t h e D e pa r t m e n t
a n d A ppr o pr ia t io n s

In crea se,

of
for

Co m ­
t he

i D e c r e a se .

—c o n tin u e d .

i

C a lif o r n i a , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n ..............................

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

F lo r id a c o a s t s , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n ......................

5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 0 .0 0 0 .

G o a t I s la n d , C a li f., l ig h t h o u s e d e p o t ................

6 8 ,0 0 0 .0 0 ;

68.000. 00

S a n d u s k y , O h io , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n .................

10S, 0 0 0 .0 0 1

O s w e g o , N . Y . , a id s t o n a v i g a t i o n .....................

1 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

G a lv e s t o n J e t t y lig h t s t a t i o n .........................................................
T o t a l ................................................................ . . . 1 2 ,0 9 9 ,0 5 0 .0 0

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0
00

1 0 8 ,0 0 0 .0 0
1 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0
$ 6 ,5 0 0 .0 0

$ 6 ,5 0 0 .0 0

8 ,8 4 9 ,7 9 0 .0 0

6 ,5 0 0 .0 0

3 .2 5 5 .7 6 0 .0 0

N e t in c r e a s e .................................................................... ..........................

3 .2 4 9 .2 6 0 .0 0

BU REA U OK TH E CENSU S.

S a la r ie s ........................................................

9 1 5 ,3 3 0 .0 0

9 1 5 ,3 3 0 .0 0

C o ll e c t in g s t a t i s t i c s ...................................

1 ,3 0 7 ,8 2 0 .0 0

,3 0 7 ,8 2 0 .0 0

.

T a b u la t in g m a c h in e s ...............................

4 0 ,3 4 0 .0 0

4 0 ,3 4 0 .0 0

.

E x p e n s e s , F o u r t e e n t h C e n s u s ...............

7 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

7 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
I

T o t a l ......................................................................

.

2 ,2 6 3 ,4 9 0 .0 0

7 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 .2 6 3 .4 9 0 .0 0

N e t in c r e a s e ...............................................................................................

7 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 .5 1 3 .4 9 0 .0 0

BU REA U OF FO REIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE.

S a la r ie s .............................................................................

2 5 1 ,3 8 0 .0 0

2 3 2 ,5 1 0 .0 0

1 8 ,8 7 0 .0 0

P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e ...................................................

6 2 4 ,0 5 0 .0 0

3 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 9 9 .0 5 0 .0 0

P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a

2 5 3 ,6 5 0 .0 0 |

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 5 3 .6 5 0 .0 0

P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e ,

F a r E a s t ...............................

2 7 5 ,6 50 . 00 1

1 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 2 5 .6 5 0 .0 0

C o m m e r c ia l a t t a c h é s ....................................................

2 7 5 ,8 0 0 .0 0 !

1 7 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 0 4 .8 0 0 .0 0

E x p o r t i n d u s t r i e s ..........................................................

5 4 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 9 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

T o t a l — y...............................................................

2 ,2 2 5 ,5 3 0 .0 0

1 ,2 2 8 ,5 1 0 .0 0

9 9 7 ,0 2 0 .0 0

5 ,3 0 0 .0 0

STEAM BOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE.

S a la r ie s , o ff ic e o f S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l.

2 8 ,2 4 0 .0 0

2 2 ,9 4 0 .0 0

S a la r ie s , S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .................

6 3 6 .9 0 0 .0 0

6 9 2 ,8 5 0 .0 0

C le r k h i r e .......................................................................

1 2 0 .6 0 0 .0 0

1 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00

5 ,6 0 0 .0 0

C o n t i n g e n t e x p e n s e s ...................................................

1 8 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 6 0 .0 0 0 .

00

20,000.00

9 6 5 ,7 4 0 .0 0

9 9 0 ,7 9 0 .0 0

T o t a l...
N e t d ecrease.

5 5 ,9 5 0 .0 0

3 0 ,9 0 0 .0 0

5 5 .9 5 0 .0 0
2 5 .0 5 0 .0 0

J_

BU REA U OF NAVIGATION.

S a la r ie s ...........................................................................

4 8 ,8 8 0 .0 0

4 2 ,7 8 0 .0 0

S a la r ie s , S h ip p in g S e rv i c e .........................................

3 4 ,6 0 0 .0 0

3 5 ,2 0 0 .0 0

C le r k h ir e , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e .....................................

9 5 ,4 6 0 .0 0

7 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

C o n t i n g e n t e x p e n s e s ...................................................

1 0 ,2 4 0 .0 0

1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 4 0 .0 0

A d m e a s u r e m e n t o f v e s s e ls .........................................

4 ,5 0 0 .0 0

3 ,7 6 0 .0 0

7 4 0 .0 0

I n s t r u m e n t s for c o u n t in g p a s s e n g e r s ......................

2 5 0 .0 0

2 5 0 .0 0

P r e v e n t in g o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s se n g e r v e s s e l s . . .

1 8 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

E n fo r c e m e n t o f n a v i g a t i o n l a w s ..............................

6 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

6 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

E n fo r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s - c o m m u n ic a t io n l a w s . . . .

8 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

8 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

M e d a ls o f m e r it t o t h e m e r c h a n t m a r in e ...............

1 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

6 ,1 0 0 .0 0
6 0 0 .0 0
2 5 ,4 6 0 .0 0

3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
Co

m pa r is o n B e t w e e n t h e It e m s o f
me r c e S u bm it t e d f o r t h e F is c a l

Fis c

al

E s t im a t e s
Y e a r 1923

11

f o r t h e D e pa r t m e n t
a n d Appr o pr ia t io n s

of
for

Co m ­
t h e

Y e a r 1 9 22 — C o n tin u e d .
E s tim a te s ,
1923.

B u reau .

bur ea u

o f n a v ig a t io n

A p p r o p r ia ; t io n s , 1922.

D e c r e a se .

In cre a se.

—c o n tin u e d .

R e fu n d in g p e n a ltie s, e t c ................................

$ 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

$ 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

T o ta l......................................................

3 6 7 ,9 3 0 .0 0

3 1 9 ,9 9 0 .0 0

$ 6 0 0 .0 0

$ 4 8 ,5 4 0 .0 0
4 7 ,9 4 0 .0 0

N e t in c re a se ..................................................... .
BU REA U OF STANDARDS.

S a l a r i e s ............................................................

522 , 560.00

9 0 ,2 0 0 .0 0

4 32,360.00

E q u i p m e n t .....................................................

95 . 000 .

00 9 5 .0 0 0 .

00 ;

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s ...........................................

75 . 000 .

00 7 5 .0 0 0 .

00

I m p r o v e m e n t a n d c a r e o f g r o u n d s ...........

10.000. 00

T e s t i n g s t r u c t u r a l m a t e r ia ls .......................
T e s t i n g m a c h i n e s ..........................................
F ir e - r e s is t in g p r o p e r t ie s ..............................
P u b l i c - u t i l i t y s t a n d a r d s ..............................

,

200 000.00
35 . 000 .

10.000. 00
2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

175,0 00.00
00 3 0 .0 0 0 .

25 . 000 . 00

2 5 .0 0 0 .

,

100 000.00

00 :5 ,0 0 0 .0 0
00 i

8 5 .0 0 0 .

00 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00

M is c e ll a n e o u s m a t e r i a l s ..............................

45 . 000 .

00 3 0 .0 0 0 .

00 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00

R a d i o c o m m u n i c a t i o n .................................

40 . 000 .

00 3 0 .0 0 0 .

00

10.000.

00

C o lo r s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n ..................................

10.000.

00 10.000.

00

C la y p r o d u c t s .................................................

30 . 000 .

00 2 5 .0 0 0 .

00 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

M e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s .................................

40 . 000 .

00 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00 2'5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

O p t ic a l g l a s s ...................................................

25 . 000 .

00 2 5 .0 0 0 .

00

T e x t i l e s ............................................................

25 . 000 .

00 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00 10 , 000.00

S u g a r s t a n d a r d i z a t io n ..................................

4 0 . 000 .

00 3 0 .0 0 0 .

00 10,000.00
I
00

G a u g e s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n ................................

40 . 000 .

00 4 0 .0 0 0 .

M in e s c a l e s ......................................................

15. 000 .

00 1 5 .0 0 0 .

00

M e t a llu r g ic a l r e s e a r c h ..................................

50 . 000 .

00 4 0 .0 0 0 .

00 10,000.00

H ig h t e m p e r a t u r e .........................................

10.000.
10,000.00

00 10.000.

00

200 000.00

150.000.

00 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

100 . 000 .

00

S o u n d in v e s t i g a t i o n .....................................
S t a n d a r d iz a t io n o f e q u i p m e n t ...................

,
100,000.00

S t a n d a r d m a t e r ia ls .......................................

10, 000.00

I n t e r n a l- c o m b u s t io n e n g in e s ......................

45 . 000 .

R a d i o a c t i v e s u b s t a n c e s ..............................

10 . 000 . 00

T e s t i n g la r g e s c a l e s .......................................

40 , 000.00

I n d u s t r ia l r e s e a r c h .......................................

T o t a l ......................................................

5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5,000.00 ;

10,000.00
00

4 5 .0 0 0 .

00

10.000.

00

4 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 ,8 4 7 ,5 6 0 .0 0 I 1 ,5 0 7 ,3 6 0 .0 0

3 4 0 ,2 0 0 .0 0

.

COAST AND OEODETIC SU RVEY.

P a r t y e x p e n s e s ..............................................

8 2 0 .3 6 1 .0 0

5 2 4 .2 8 0 .0 0

R e p a ir s o f v e s s e l s ..........................................

9 7 ,4 0 0 .0 0

7 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

P a y , e t c . , o ff ic e r s a n d m e n .........................

5 0 7 .0 0 0 .

P a y , c o m m is s io n e d o ff ic e r s .........................

6 1 4 ,7 5 5 .2 5

S a l a r i e s ............................................................

4 4 2 .3 1 0 .0 0

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s ...........................................

100.000.

N e w l a u n c h e s .......................... ......................

5 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

T o t a l ......................................................

2 ,6 3 4 ,8 2 6 .2 5

N e t in c r e a s e ....................................................

00 5 2 8 .0 0 0 .
5 2 7 .0 0 0 .

2 9 6 .0 8 1 .0 0 I.
2 2 ,4 0 0 .0 0 L
00 8 7 ,7 5 5 .2 5

3 0 3 .1 1 0 .0 0

00 100 . 0 0 0 .

21 , 000. 00

00
.

1 3 9 .2 0 0 .0 0 L
00

5 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0
2 ,0 5 7 ,3 9 0 .0 0

5 9 8 .4 3 6 .2 5 ;
5 7 7 .4 3 6 .2 5

2 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0
.....................

12
Co

REPORT OF TH E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
m pa r is o n B e t w e e n t h e It e m s o f
me r c e S u b m it t e d f o r t h e F is c a l
F i s c a l Y e a r 1 9 22 — C o n tin u e d .

B ureau .

Es t im a t e s
Y e a r 1923

f o r t h e D e pa r t m e n t
a n d A ppr o pr ia t io n s

E s tim a te s ,
1923.

A p p r o p r ia ­
t i o n s , 1922.

In crease.

$ 4 8 8 ,3 0 0 .0 0

$ 4 4 4 ,1 8 0 .0 0

$ 4 4 ,1 2 0 .0 0

2 6 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 6 ,0 0 0 .0 0

of
for

Co m ­
t he

D e c r e a se .

BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
P a y , o ffice r s a n d c r e w o f v e s s e l, A la s k a n s e r v i c e . .

5 7 6 .0 0 0 .

00 5 9 9 .0 0 0 .

00

1 6 5 .0 0 0 .

00 1 6 5 .0 0 0 .

00

2 .5 0 0 .0 0
7 .0 0 0 .

$ 2 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 ,5 0 0 .0 0
00

7 .0 0 0 .

6 .5 0 0 .0 0
6 .0 0 0 . 00

6 .0 0 0 . 00

1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

7 .5 0 0 .0 0

7 .5 0 0 .0 0
5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 ,0 0 0 .0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
1 ,2 9 9 ,8 0 0 .0 0

00

6 .5 0 0 .0 0

1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 ,2 4 6 ,6 8 0 .0 0

8 6 ,1 2 0 .0 0

3 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 3 ,1 2 0 .0 0
5 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

3 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

2 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

RECAPITULATION.
O ff ic e o f t h e S e c r e t a r y ..................................................

387.1.50.00

314, .550.00

7 2 .6 0 0 .0 0

L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e ........................................................ 1 2 . 0 9 9 .0 5 0 .0 0

8 .8 4 9 .7 9 0 .0 0

3 .2 5 5 .7 6 0 .0 0

6 ,5 0 0

7 5 0 .0 0 0 .

2 .2 6 3 .4 9 0 .0 0
00

7 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s ....................................................

2 .2 6 3 .4 9 0 .0 0

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e ......... ! 2 .2 2 5 .5 3 0 .0 0
S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e ....................................

1 .2 2 8 .5 1 0 .0 0

9 9 7 .0 2 0 .0 0

9 6 5 .7 4 0 .0 0

9 9 0 .7 9 0 .0 0

3 0 .9 0 0 .0 0

55,9.50

3 6 7 .9 3 0 .0 0

3 1 9 .9 9 0 .0 0

4 8 .5 4 0 .0 0

6 0 0 .0 0

1 .8 4 7 .5 6 0 .0 0

1 .5 0 7 .3 6 0 .0 0

3 4 0 .2 0 0 .0 0

2 ,6 3 4 ,8 2 6 . 25

2 .0 5 7 .3 9 0 .0 0

5 9 8 ,4 3 6 .2 5

2 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 .2 9 9 .8 0 0 .0 0

1 .2 4 6 .6 8 0 .0 0

8 6 .1 2 0 .0 0

3 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0
T o t a l ...................................................................... 2 4 ,6 4 1 ,0 7 6 .2 5

3 2 5 .0 0 0 .

00 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

1 7 ,5 9 0 ,0 6 0 .0 0

7 ,9 1 8 ,0 6 6 .2 5

8 6 7 ,0 5 0 .0 0

867 0 5 0 .0 0
7 ,0 5 1 ,0 1 6 .2 5

A P P R O P R IA T IO N S A N D E X P E N D IT U R E S .

T h e ite m iz e d s ta te m e n t o f th e d is b u r s e m e n ts fr o m th e c o n t in g e n t
f u n d o f th e D e p a r t m e n t a n d th e a p p r o p r ia tio n f o r “ G e n e r a l e x ­
p e n se s, B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ,” f o r th e fisca l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 ,
r e q u ire d to b e s u b m it te d to C o n g r e s s b i’ s e c t io n 193 o f th e R e v is e d
S t a t u t e s o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s : t h e ite m iz e d s ta te m e n t o f e x p e n d it u r e s
u n d e r a ll a p p r o p r ia t io n s f o r p r o p a g a t io n o f f o o d fis h e s d u r in g th e
fisca l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , r e q u ir e d b y t h e a c t o f C o n g r e s s a p ­
p r o v e d M a r c h 3 , 1887 ( 2 4 S t a t ., 5 2 3 ) ; t h e s ta te m e n t s h o w in g tr a v e l
o n o ffic ia l b u s in e s s b y officers a n d e m p lo y e e s (o th e r t h a n s p e c ia l
a g e n t s , in s p e c to r s , a n d e m p lo y e e s w h o , in th e d is c h a r g e o f t h e ir r e g ­

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

13

u la r d u tie s , a r e r e q u ir e d tu t r a v e l c o n s t a n t ly ) fr o m W a s h in g t o n to
p o in t s o u t s id e o f th e D i s t r i c t o f C o lu m b ia d u r in g tb c fisc a l y e a r
e n d e d .1 u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 1 , a s r e q u ir e d b y th e a c t o f C o n g r e s s a p p r o v e d M a y
2 2 , 1908 (3 5 S t a t ., 2 4 4 ) ; th e s ta te m e n t s h o w in g t y p e w r it e r s , a d d in g
m a c h in e s , e tc ., e x c h a n g e d b y t h is D e p a r t m e n t d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r
e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1921, a s r e q u ir e d b y s e c t io n 5 o f th e a c t o f M a r c h 4,
1915 (3 8 S t a t ., 1 1 0 1 ) ; a n d th e s ta t e m e n t in c o n n e c tio n w it h th e
p a y m e n t o f in c r e a s e d c o m p e n sa tio n to e m p lo y e e s o f t h is D e p a r tm e n t
d u r in g th e fir st fo u r m o n th s o f th e fisc a l y e a r e n d in g J u n e 3 0 , 1922,
a s r e q u ir e d b y s e c t io n 7 o f th e a c t o f M a r c h 1, 1919 (4 0 S t a t ., 1 2 6 8 ) ,
w ill be t r a n s m itt e d to C o n g r e s s in th e u s u a l fo r m .
-T h e ta b le f o ll o w i n g s h o w s th e t o t a l a m o u n t o f a ll a p p r o p r ia t io n s
f o r th e v a r io u s b u r e a u s a n d se r v ic e s o f th e D e p a r tm e n t f o r th e fisca l
y e a r e n d e d J u n e 30, 1921 :

B u reau .

L e g i s la t iv e
a c t.

S u n d r y c iv il
a c t.

D e f ic ie n c y
a c t.

A llo tm e n ts ,
le g is la t iv e
a c t, M ay
29, 1921.

.
O ff ic e o f t h e S e c r e t a r y ..................................................

$ 3 1 4 ,5 5 0 .0 0

B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s ....................................................

5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

$ 6 8 .2 5
2 .0 0
$ 2 ,0 4 1 ,4 4 7 .0 0

4 7 ,8 8 7 .3 0

1 ,2 1 1 ,3 1 0 .0 0

1 7 ,7 1 7 .4 3

7 ,7 7 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

5 4 3 ,4 6 5 .0 1

8 7 ,2 7 2 .0 0

3 2 ,0 3 8 .7 2

9 1 6 .5 1 0 .0 0
6 7 ,2 9 0 .0 0

6 0 .3 7

3 1 5 .1 4 0 .0 0
B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s .....................................................

1 ,2 3 2 ,3 6 0 .0 0

2 .0 9

9 9 5 .8 9 0 .0 0
T o t a l ............................................................. . —

8 ,8 4 1 ,7 4 0 .0 0

$ 3 6 6 ,1 9 2 .0 0

5 ,1 1 7 .8 7
1 1 ,1 1 0 ,0 2 9 .0 0

6 4 6 ,3 5 9 .0 4

3 6 6 ,1 9 2 .0 0

6 4 6 ,3 5 9 .0 4

3 6 6 ,1 9 2 .0 0

2 ,5 2 2 ,8 2 0 .3 2
3 6 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0
1 1 ,3 6 4 ,5 6 0 .3 2

B ureau .

1 1 ,4 7 5 ,0 2 9 .0 0

A llo t m e n t s ,
fo r tif ic a t io n s
a c t, M ay
2 1, 1921.

S p e c ia l a c t .

T o t a l.

$ 3 1 4 ,6 1 8 .2 5
5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 2 .0 0
$ 1 5 ,5 5 6 .0 0

2 ,1 0 4 ,8 9 0 .3 0
$ 2 ,2 1 0 .7 7

1 ,2 3 1 ,2 3 8 .2 0
9 1 6 ,5 7 0 .3 7
8 ,3 8 0 ,7 5 5 .0 1

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ..........................................................................

6 ,1 8 2 .0 2
4 9 2 ,9 8 0 .0 0

3 2 1 ,3 2 4 .1 1
2 ,2 1 0 ,8 4 2 .7 2
1 ,0 0 1 ,0 0 7 .8 7

T o t a l .............................................................................................

5 0 8 ,5 3 6 .0 0

8 ,3 9 2 .7 9

2 1 ,4 8 1 ,2 4 8 .8 3
2 ,5 2 2 ,8 2 0 .3 2
3 6 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0

G r a n d t o t a l ..................................................................................

5 0 8 ,5 3 6 .0 0

8 ,3 9 2 .7 9

2 4 ,3 6 9 ,0 6 9 .1 5

14

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

T h e d is b u r se m e n ts b y th e a u th o r iz e d d is b u r s in g officers o f th e D e ­
p a r t m e n t d u r in g th e fisca l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 1 , a r r a n g e d a c c o r d ­
i n g to ite m s o f a p p r o p r ia tio n , a r e a s f o l l o w s :

By Disbursing Clerk, Department of Commerce.
OFFIC E OF T H E SECRETARY.

C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 -------------------C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 0 -------------------C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 1 -------------------K e n t, D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 0 ----------------------------------------It e n t, D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 1 ----------------------------------------S a la r ie s , office o f th e S e c r e ta r y , 1 9 2 0 ----------------------------------------S a la r ie s , office o f t h e S e c r e ta r y , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------------------------N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n ti d e f e n s e , e l e c t r ic r a i lw a y s in v e s t ig a t io n ,
1 9 1 9 _______________________________________________________
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e fe n s e , w a s t e - r e c la m a tio n w o r k , 1 9 1 9 -------T o t a l__________________________________________________

$125. 54
1 8 ,3 2 2 . 4 8
79, 344. 9 7
5 ,9 5 8 . 3 4
6 2 ,1 9 1 .6 8
7 , 9 9 4 .5 5
178, 8 0 3 .9 2
380. 2 9
1 0 .7 0
3 5 3 ,1 3 2 .4 7

B U R E A U OF T H E C E N S U S .

C o lle c t in g s t a t i s t i c s , 1 9 1 9 ---------------------------------------------------------T a b u la t in g m a c h in e s, 1 9 1 9 --------------------------------------------------------

203. 8 9
121. 25

T o t a l__________________________________________________

3 2 5 .1 4

B U R E A U OF FOREIGN A N D D O M ESTIC COM M ERCE.

C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , 1 9 1 9 ----------- .-------------------------------------------C o m m e r c ia l a t t a c h é s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , 1 9 2 1 ---------------------- ---------------------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 ------------------P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 0 ------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 1 ------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , F a r E a s t , 1 9 1 9 ----------------------------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , F a r E a s t , 1 9 2 0 ----------------------------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , F a r E a s t , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------------------------P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 1 9 ---------------P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , S o u th a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 2 0 ---------------P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , S o u th a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 2 1 ---------------S a la r ie s . F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e , 1 9 2 0 -------------------------S a la r ie s , F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 1 -------------------------N a t i o n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , im p o r t a n d e x p o r t s t a t i s t i c s , 1 9 1 9 _ _

• 48
19, 049. 3 8
15, 436. 50
1 0 2 .3 3
2 5 ,6 1 8 .6 6
9 4 , 2 8 0 .4 2
. 26
1 , 9 4 2 .1 5
3 3 ,0 3 7 .4 0
3. 32
2, 387. 4 0
3 8 ,0 4 8 . 9 7
8, 335. 21
1 9 1 ,9 7 4 . 0 2
9. 0 0

T o t a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ *.

430, 225. 50

B U R E A U OF ST A N D A R D S.

A r m a m e n t o f fo r t if ic a t io n s , c o m m e r c e t r a n s f e r ---------------------------C o lo r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 1 9 ------------------------------------------------------C o lo r s t a n d a r d iz a t io n , 1 9 2 0 ------------------------------------------------------C o lo r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 1 ------------------------------------------------------D e t e r m in in g p h y s ic a l c o n s t a n t s , 1 9 2 0 ----------------------------------------E q u ip m e n t, 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7 ,0 6 0 . 3 9
1 1 8 .2 5
9 7 6 .1 5
8 ,9 4 4 . 77
167. 0 0
1 . 8 3 3 .1 4

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

15

E q u ip m e n t, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
$ 2 3 ,3 7 9 . 64
E q u ip m e n t, 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 9 ,8 2 4 .1 5
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 1 9 -------------------------------------------------------1 , 1 7 7 .4 7
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4 , 747. 37
4 0 ,1 2 1 .4 2
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G en era l e x p e n se s, 1919________________________________________
478. 63
G en era l e x p e n se s, 19 20 ________________________________________
1 9 ,0 5 1 . 08
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 ------------------------------------------------------------31 , 4 7 1 .1 7
H ig h -p o te n tia l in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 1 3 .2 7
H ig h -te m p e r a tu r e in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 . 6 9 1 .1 3
9 , 403. 40
H ig h -te m p e r a tu r e in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E q u ip p in g la b o r a to r y , 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ‘------------------5. 3 5 5 .1 5
Im p r o v e m e n t a n d c a r e o f g r o u n d s , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
7 7 1 .7 7
S, 215. 85
Im p r o v e m e n t a n d c a r e o f g r o u n d s, 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h , 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 3 .9 1
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h , T 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 7 ,3 2 3 . 91
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 1 3 , 277. 74
I n d u s t r ia l s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. 045. 67
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f c la y p r o d u c ts, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1, 684. 81
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f c la y p r o d u c ts , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 1 ,1 9 8 . 3 6
137. 78
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f fir e -r e s is tin g p r o p e r tie s, 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f fir e -r e s is tin g p r o p e r tie s, 1 9 2 0 ___________
2 , 8 7 2 .1 2
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f fir e -r e s is tin g p r o p e r tie s, 1921_______
2 0 ,5 1 5 .4 8
1 0 1 .1 0
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f m in e s c a le s a n d c a r s, 1 9 1 8 - 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f m in e s c a le s a n d c a r s , 1 9 2 0 ___________________ _
242. 15
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f m in e s c a le s a n d c a r s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 , 8 4 8 .1 8
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f o p tic a l g la s s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 8 .7 5
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f o p tic a l g la s s , 1 9 2 0 __________________
7 , 9 3 3 .9 3
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f o p tic a l g la s s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y c o m p a n ie s, 1 9 1 8 - 1 9
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ------ -------------------I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _____________
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 1 - 2 2 - _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f r a ilw a y m a te r ia ls , 1920.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
___ __
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f r a ilw a y m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _
— ___
______
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f t e x t ile s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f t e x t ile s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f t e x t ile s , 1.921_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
________________
— _
A d d it io n a l la n d , 1921 ....__ __________
M a n u fa c tu r e o f a r m s, w a r t r a n s fe r , 1 9 2 1 - 2 2 __
...
------M e t a llu r g ic a l r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M e t a llu r g ic a l r e s e a r c h , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 5 ,7 7 1 .2 7
6 .4 9
6 3 4 . 38
6, 251. 51
8 3 ,3 8 9 .8 1
6 , 8 0 8 .3 4
1 .0 3 9 .4 2
1 3 .0 9 6 .0 0
336. 50
230. 48
1 3 ,7 8 4 .4 0
4 7 ,2 7 2 .0 0
'
1 3 .7 5
3 ,6 0 6 .5 7
2 3 .0 4 6 . 0i)

M ilita r y r e se a r c h , 1 9 1 8 -1 9 ________ j.___________________________
4,721.07
S a la r ie s , 1920 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19. 240. 3 6
S a la r ie s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 94 , 638. 03
S o u n d in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 , 4 9 9 .5 9
S o u n d in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
5 ,8 9 2 .8 1
S ta n d a r d iz a t io n o f e q u ip m e n t, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 4 ,0 7 4 .1 0
S ta n d a r d iz a t io n o f e q u ip m e n t, 1921_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 , 2 1 5 .1 2
S ta n d a r d m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1, 308. 49
S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. OO
S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
1 3 ,1 5 6 . 09

16

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , 1!)21_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

$ 2 8 ,7 5 7 .4 7

S u g a r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S u g a r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S u g a r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 1 _________ :__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P la t in u m a n d r a r e m e ta ls , 1 9 2 0 -----------------------------------------------

695. 82
1 ,4 8 6 .9 7
3 0 ,6 1 5 .2 3
1 , 5 9 6 .3 2

R a d io
R a d io

r e s e a r c h , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9 S 6 .17
2 6 ,6 8 6 .7 0

R e n e w a l o f s t o r a g e b a tt e r ie s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e t a in in g w a ll, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g G o v e r n m e n t m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g G o v e r n m e n t m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v_______
T e s t in g m a c h in e s, 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m a c h in e s , 1 9 2 0 -------- ■_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m a c h in e s, 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m is c e lla n e o u s m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 ______ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m is c e lla n e o u s m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ______

9 , 0 1 4 .9 1
1 1 4 .0 5
1 7 .7 0 0 .8 6
1 8 ,9 9 6 .1 9
2 .1 4
2 , 6 6 0 .2 8
28, 072. 02
2 , 4 6 7 .1 1
26, 68S. 89

T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.9 5
8 ,1 4 6 . 74
3 5 ,4 6 5 . 42

T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 1 9 ---------------------------------------------T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls . 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , m ilit a r y r e s e a r c h e s , 1 9 1 9 ------------N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , R o b e r t s b y -p r o d u c t c o k e o v e n , 191 9 _
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , th e r m it e in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 1 9 _____

4 6 . 55
24, 553. 30
115, 3 3 8 .0 3
6 2 0 .5 7
.2 9
3 9 .9 1

T o t a l________________________ _________________________
S T E A M B O A T -IN S P E C T IO N

C le r k h ir e ,
C le r k h ir e ,

1 ,7 7 2 ,7 6 7 . 65

SERVICE.

1920____________________________________________
1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

9 . 6 1 3 .5 9
1 0 0 ,8 8 1 .3 7

C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s . O ffice o f S u p e r v is in g In sp e c to r G e n e r a l, 1 9 2 0 _________
S a la r ie s , O ffice o f S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l, 1 9 2 1 _________
S a la r ie s , S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

20S. 90
3 6 ,1 1 8 .8 8
1 2 4 ,4 6 6 . 58
9 5 5 .8 6
2 1 ,3 0 1 .4 3
55, 668. 99

S a la r ie s , S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6 0 7 ,0 2 0 .9 6

T o t a l___________________________ ______________________

9 5 6 ,2 3 6 .5 6

BUREAU

OF

N A V IG A T IO N .

A d m e a s u r e m e n t o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A d m e a s u r e m e n t o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C le r k h ir e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C ler k h ir e , 1 9 2 1 _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e n d e e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e n d e e , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E n fo r c e m e n t o f n a v ig a tio n la w s , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
E n fo r c e m e n t o f n a v ig a tio n la w s , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

498. 05
2, 7 5 0 .1 2
5 ,4 4 7 .4 7
6 0 ,7 1 9 .8 1
. 56
1, 642. 75
7, 437. 46
1 8 ,5 4 6 . 78
7 0 ,2 8 6 . 62

E n fo r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s -c o m m u n ic a tio n la w s , 1 9 1 9 _____________

. 95

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
E n fo r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s -c o m m u n ic a tio n

17

la w s , 1 0 2 0 ____________

$ 5 ,9 2 0 .8 7

E n fo r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s -c o m m u n ic a tio n la w s , 1 9 2 1 _____________
P r e v e n tin g o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s s e n g e r v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 9 _____________
P r e v e n tin g o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s s e n g e r v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 _____________
P r e v e n tin g o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s s e n g e r v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _____________
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
S a la r ie s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1921_*._ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

52, 735. 22
20. 89
2 ,2 2 5 . 44
15, 299. 08
1 ,6 9 1 . 30
38, 934. 08
2 , 5 4 6 .1 0
3 0 .1 3 2 .7 7

T o t a l ----------------------------------------- --------------------------------

316, 836. 32

B U R E A U OF F IS H E R IE S .

B io lo g ic a l s t a tio n , M is s is s ip p i R iv e r V a lle y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B io lo g ic a l s t a t io n , M is s is s ip p i R iv e r V a lle y , 1 9 2 0 - 2 1 ___________
B u ild in g s a n d w a t e r s u p p ly , fu r -s e a l is la n d s , A la s k a ___________
B u ild in g s a n d im p r o v e m e n ts , f u r - s e a l is la n d s , A la s k a __________
F is k h a tc h e r y , B o z e m a n , M o n t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , C o ld S p r in g , G a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , C a p e V in c e n t, N . Y ., 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , W a s h in g t o n ------ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

25, 447. 76
4 , 783. 82
9 ,6 2 1 .0 3
7 7 3 .0 0
5 ,4 7 2 . 83
320. 89
5 ,1 8 3 . 79
3 3 ,5 7 6 .1 3

F is h h a tc h e r y , W o o d s H o le , M a ss., 1 9 2 0 - 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , W y t h e v ille , V a ., 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , S t. J o h n sb u r y , V t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , W y o m in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T r o u t h a tc h e r y , B e r k s h ir e . M a s s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
D e v e lo p in g a q u a tic s o u r c e s o f le a th e r , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t in g d a m a g e s to f is h e r ie s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M a r in e b io lo g ic a l s t a tio n , F lo r id a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M isc e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o t e c tin g s e a l a n d sa lm o n fis h e r ie s , A la s k a , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o t e c tin g se a l a n d sa lm o n fis h e r ie s, A la s k a , 1 9 2 0 ______________
P r o t e c tin g s e a l a n d sa lm o n f is h e r ie s, A la s k a , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P a y , o ffic er s a n d c r e w o f v e s s e l, A la sk n fis h e r ie s s e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 ____
P a y , o fficer s a n d c r e w o f v e s s e l, A la s k a fis h e r ie s s e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 ____
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 2 1 __ '_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , d e m o n s tr a tio n p la n t , 1 9 1 9 _______
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , fo o d -fish s u p p ly , 1 9 1 9 ___________

4 1 ,6 4 7 .6 0
5 1 1 .9 4
1 ,5 7 7 .8 5
3 2 6 .1 8
6 0 5 .1 0
1 ,1 7 6 .9 4
350. 01
138. 26
423. 60
9 1 ,1 5 2 .2 8
508, 012. 81
7. 28
5,
928. 67
138,
018. 27
1, 325. 00
7 ,0 0 1 . 67
27,
944. 43
373,
515. 09
30 . 32
0. 78

T o t a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 ,2 8 4 ,8 7 9 .8 3
B U R E A U OF L IG H T H O U S E S .

A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s

to
to
to
to
to
to
to

n a v ig a tio n , A la s k a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
31. 88
n a v ig a tio n , C h e sa p e a k e B a y , M d. a n d V a __________________
87. 28
n a v ig a tio n , C o n n e a u t H a r b o r , O h io - _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
80. 90
n a v ig a tio n , F a ir p o r t H a r b o r , O h io ______________ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _
111. 05
n a v ig a tio n , F lo r id a R e e fs , F l a _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
4 7 ,1 4 8 .0 0
n a v ig a tio n , G u a n t a n a m o B a y , C u b a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 4 .0 0
n a v ig a tio n , P e a r l H a r b o r . H a w a i i_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
’
2. 3 0

7 6 0 6 0 — 21------2

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

18

A id s to n a v ig a tio n , S t. J o h n s I t iv e r , F l a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A id s to n a v ig a tio n , W a sh , a n d O r e g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A m b r o s e C h a n n e l, N . Y „ lig h te d b u o y s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F if t h lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t g a s b u o y s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
J o e F lo g g e r S h o a l E i g h t S ta t io n , D e la w a r e I t iv e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P o in t B o r in g u e n E ig h t S ta t io n , P . R _____________ _____________
P o in t J ig u e r o E ig h t S ta t io n , I*. I t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E x e c u tio n Ito ck E ig h t S ta t io n , X . Y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M a n ito w o c B r e a k w a te r E ig h t S ta t io n , W i s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
D ia m o n d S h o a l E ig h t V e s s e l, X . C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E ig h t-k e e p e r ’s d w e llin g s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E ig h t v e s s e ls f o r g e n e r a l s e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E ig h t v e s s e ls f o r g e n e r a l la k e s e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g a id s to n a v ig a tio n , A t la n t ic c o a s t _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir in g an d r e b u ild in g a id s t o n a v ig a tio n , G u lf o f M e x ic o ______
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g a id s to n a v ig a tio n , s e v e n th a n d e ig h t h
lig h t h o u s e d is t r i c t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
V e s s e ls f o r L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tl
G e n e r a l e x p e n se s, L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f L ig h th o u se s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s . L ig h th o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e V e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , a id s to n a v ig a tio n , C a rib b e a n S e a ,
1 9 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ —

$ 1 9 0 .3 6
7. 52
2 5 6 .1 3
607. 03
2 2 0 .7 6
23. 41
321. 58
4 .3 4
1 2 1 .1 7
120, 625. 3 6
24S . 64
J50, 6 0 1 .1 4
14, 742. 8 0
S4. 6 6
48. 3 6

T o t a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7 0 0 ,9 6 9 . 44

376. 54
3 2 2 , 758. 0 0
4, 545. 7 3
22, 830. 98
46, 800. 25
2, 590. 7 7
59, 881. 47
2 2 5 .0 0
5 ,2 7 0 .8 3
8. 9 1
22. 2 9

M IS C E L L A N E O U S .

I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. 0 0
30. 5 6 2 .1 6
4 6 6 ,0 2 1 .4 7

T o ta l__________________________________________________

496, 588. 63

G r a n d t o t a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _________________ 6 ,3 1 1 ,9 6 1 . 04

By disbursing officers. Lighthouse Service.
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s
A id s

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

n a v ig a tio n . A la s k a ----------------------------------------------------n a v ig a tio n . C h e sa p e a k e B a y , M d. a n d Y a ---------------------n a v ig a tio n , A tc h a f a la y a E n t r a n c e C h a n n e l, L a -------------n a v ig a tio n , C o n n e a u t H a r b o r , O h io _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
n a v ig a tio n , F a ir p o r t H a r b o r , O h io ----------------------------------n a v ig a tio n , F ig h t in g I s la n d C h a n n e l, D e t r o it R iv e r , M icli_
n a v ig a tio n , G u a n ta n a m o B a y , C u b a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i----n a v ig a tio n , H u d s o n R iv e r , N . Y _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
n a v ig a tio n , I n d ia n a H a r b o r , I n d _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
n a v ig a tio n , K e e w e e n a w W a te r w a y . M ic h ----------------------n a v ig a tio n , F lo r id a R e e f s . F l a _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
n a v ig a tio n , S t. J o h n s R iv e r , F l a ------------ :-------------------n a v ig a tio n , S t. M a r y s R iv e r , M ic h _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
n a v ig a tio n . P e a r l H a r b o r , H a w a i i_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
n a v ig a tio n . W a s h in g to n a n d O r e g o n -----------------------------

9, 630. 6 5
774. 21
437. 7 6
1 1 ,6 6 9 . 4 2
20, 293. 7 7
3 243. 6 3
972. 3 7
341. 61
10, 846. 5 3
611. 50
4 7 ,1 4 8 . 0 0
1 1 ,8 9 0 . 81
29, 447. 61
44, 255. 65
8, 245. 7 6

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

19

A id s to n a v ig a t io n , T o le d o H a r b o r , O h io _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ---------?SS. 0 0
A id s t o n a v ig a tio n , M i s s is s ip p i R iv e r , I ,n ---------------------------------114. 78
N a n t u c k e t H a r b o r F o g -S ig n a l S ta tio n , M a s s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
924. 62
D e p o t fo r se c o n d lig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t ---------------------------------------5 7 ,1 6 3 .6 2
D e p o t fo r s ix t e e n t h lig h t h o u s e d is t r i c t _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
1, 546. 98
1 966. 55
S t a t e n Is la n d L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t, N . Y _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
W o o d s H o le L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
411. 84
F i f t h lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t g a s b u o y s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 1 ,3 5 5 . 76
9, 5 3 5 . 50
L ig h t k e e p e r s’ d w e llin g s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
D e t r o it L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t, M ic h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 , 8 6 5 .0 2
E x e c u tio n R o c k L ig h t S ta t io n , N . Y ---------------------------------------6 ,1 4 3 . 30
H u n t s P o in t L ig h t S ta t io n , N . Y ---------------------------------------------1, 0 6 5 .3 5
J o e F lo g g e r S h o a l L ig h t S ta t io n , D e la w a r e R iv e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 ,4 1 9 . 89
P o in t B o r in q u e n L ig h t S ta t io n , P . It_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
22, 721. 00
13 . 2 3 1 .3 6
P o in t J ig u e r o L i g h t S ta t io n , P . I t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a n d H i l l s L ig h t S ta t io n , M ic h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
53. 20
S a n d I s la n d L ig h t S t a t io n , A la _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. 40
3 9 1 .2 0
S p e c t a c le R e e f L ig h t S ta t io n , M ic h _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ :__________
D e t r o i t R iv e r L ig h ts , M ic h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3, 83S. 31
8 ,1 5 6 . 0 0
D ia m o n d S h o a l L ig h t V e s s e l, N . C - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g , a id s to n a v ig a tio n , A t la n t ic c o a s t _____
7 4 ,2 1 3 . 73
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g , a id s to n a v ig a t io n , G u lf o f M e x ic o ____
1 0 ,0 6 1 .1 3
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g , n h ls to n a v ig a tio n , se v e n th a n d e ig h t h
d is t r i c t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
56, 551. 27
R ip r a p p r o te c tio n fo r lig h t h o u s e s t a tio n , th ir d lig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t .
1 9 ,0 5 5 .6 5
L ig h t v e s s e l fo r g e n e r a l s e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 077. 56
1 5 .3 9
T e n d e r an d b a r g e , e ig h t h lig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t __________ :_____ _ _ _
V e s s e ls fo r L ig h th o u s e S e r v ic e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 7 ,0 1 3 .4 3
2 0 ,8 6 4 . 98
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 --------------------- -------G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 5 6 ,5 1 7 .4 3
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------- ----- 3 ,5 2 1 2 9 3 .1 1
R e t ir e d p a y , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ i . .
1 ,0 (5 8 .2 4
R e tir e d p a y , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ • 6 7 ,1 7 2 . Oil
S a la r ie s , k e e p e r s o f lig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 2 0 ------------------------ :------------3 5 ,8 7 4 .4 4
S a la r ie s , k e e p e r s o f lig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 2 1 -------------_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — 1 ,2 5 8 ,7 1 5 .1 1
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 ------------------------------------------8 , 713. 50
3 77 410. 30
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 ________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
75, 370. 23
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 ,7 8 4 ,8 9 3 .7 2
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , a id s t o n a v ig a t io n , C a r ib b e a n
S e a 1 9 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2, 021. 47
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , lig h t h o u s e d e p o t, T o m p k in s v ille ,
N . Y _______________________________________________________
57, 3 6 7 .3 9
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 0 ___
2 2 ,8 2 1 .3 3
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1921 _____
8 5 3 ,9 7 9 .6 0
T o t a l _________________ _______________________________

9 , 1 8 0 .4 8 4 . 0 6

Ily special disbursing agent, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
A lt e r a tio n o f v e s s e ls t r a n s fe r r e d fr o n t N a v y , 1 9 2 1 -------------------- A lt e r a tio n o f v e s s e ls t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m N a v y , 1 9 2 0 -2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v_
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s . C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 ____________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 -2 0 __________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 2 0 ____________

4 . 6 7 3 .8 4
1 , 4 0 7 .8 6
121. 75
5, 874. 65
1 0 ,8 4 5 .4 3

20

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , C o n st n m l G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 0 2 1 _____________
P a r ty e x p e n s e s . C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

$ 75 , 7 9 0 .4 7
7 8 0 .9 2

P a r t y e x p e n s e s , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P a r t y e x p e n s e s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P a y a n d a llo w a n c e s , c o m m is sio n e d o ffic er s, 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P a y , e tc ., o f o ffic er s a n d m en , v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
P a y , e tc ., o f o ffic er s an d m en , v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _

9S, 816. 63
3 8 1 ,9 8 7 .2 2
384,1X 14.74
80. 553. 91
3 6 1 ,2 8 6 .5 5

R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 ___________
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 2 0 ____________
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 2 1 ____________
S a la r ie s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ,
1920____________________
S a la r ie s , C o n st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ,
1921____________________
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , b u ild in g e q u ip m e n t, 1 9 1 9 ________
In c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 0 -----------------------------------------I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------------------------- :___

5 1 5 .0 0
8 ,3 0 7 .2 1
36, 382. 57
6 7 ,4 7 3 .8 0
2 9 0 ,6 1 5 .9 9
2 , 9 3 5 .0 0
3 0 .0 0
1 3 ,5 4 4 .1 3
1 3 0 ,1 9 1 .7 9

T o t a l_________________________________________________

1. 962. 998. 46

71// special disbursing agents, Bureau of Fisheries.
M a r in e b io lo g ic a l s t a t io n , F lo r id a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5 0 .0 0

M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 2 1 _____________
r a y , offic er s a n d c r e w o f v e s s e ls , A la s k a f is h e r ie s se r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 __
P r o t e c tin g s e a l a n d sa lm o n f is h e r ie s o f A la sk a . 1 9 2 1 ___________
In c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7 3 .5 0
1 3 ,9 6 0 .3 8
1 , 2 5 3 .0 0
2 ,8 1 1 .3 1

T o ta l

________________________________________

IS , 1 5 6 .1 9

By disbursing clerk, Bureau of the Census.
E x p e n s e s o f th e F o u r te e n t h C e n su s , 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 , 4 4 3 ,9 5 5 .8 2
6 0 ,2 9 7 .7 4
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
In c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 8 9 ,4 0 5 .6 2
T o t a l j _________________________________________________

7, 293,659.18

Bp special disbursing agents, Bureau of the Census.
E x p e n s e s o f t h e F o u r te e n t h C e n su s , 1 9 2 0 -1 9 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 9 ,4 9 4 .9 2

Jig special disbursing agents. Bureau of Standards.
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s . B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h . 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R a d io r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T o ta l..

_______________________________________________

1 . 0 2 7 .7 3
1 ,9 6 7 .6 8
3 2 5 .0 0
4 5 5 .0 9
3 , 7 7 5 .5 0

By commercial agents of the Department investigating trade conditions abroad.
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 ,0 1 4 .9 1

C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 0 __________
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ _

1 3 8 ,0 1 6 .0 5
7 9 2 .2 5
1 8 3 .0 3 7 .8 2

P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , F a r E a s t , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o m o tin g e o n h n e r e e . S o u th a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a . 1 9 2 1 ________
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5 8 .3 3 3 .8 0
4 4 ,8 2 9 .1 5
5 , 0 7 5 .3 9

T o ta l

432, 099. 37

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

21

W a r r a n ts d r a w n on th e T r e a s u r e r o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s t o s a t i s f y
a c c o u n ts s e t t le d b y th e A u d it o r f o r th e S t a t e a n d O th e r D e p a r t m e n t s
d u r in g th e fisca l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , c la s s ifie d a c c o r d in g t o
ite m s o f a p p r o p r ia t io n :
O ffice o f th e S e c r e t a r y :
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 _______
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , ] 9 2 0 _______
C o n t in g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r tm e n t, o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 2 1 _______
C e r tifie d c la im s —

$552, 59
5 , 4 1 8 .9 8
8 ,0 8 4 . 7 9

C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 6 ____
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 7 ____
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 8 ____

1 .2 0
7. 91
61. 31

T o t a l --------------------------------------------------------------------

1 4 ,1 2 6 . 7 8

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n an d
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s ,
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s ,
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s ,
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e .
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e ,
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e .

D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e :
1919 _______________________________
1 9 2 0 _________ _____________________
1921 _______________________________
D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 9 _______
D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 2 0 _______
D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 2 1 _______
F a r E a s t , 1 9 2 0 ___ :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F a r E a s t, 1921______________________
S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 1 9 _____
S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 2 0 _____
S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 2 1 _____

1 4 9 .0 4
7 3 0 .8 4
3 7 .9 0
1 ,3 5 8 . 25
2, 819. 78
4 0 1 .8 9
355. 70
89. 00
2 2 .0 9
28. 24
9 .0 0

N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , c o m m o d it y e x p e r t s , 1 9 1 9 ___
C e r tifie d c la im s —
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , 1 9 1 7 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 7 ___
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 8 ___

3 8 0 .0 0

T o t a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________

8 ,4 2 0 . 09

2 1 .8 7
14. 77
5 2 .3 2

B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s :
E q u ip m e n t, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E q u ip m e n t, 1 9 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 9 ----------------------------------------------------G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,______________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , 1 9 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

992. 28
134. 49
4 .2 0
2 .9 0
11. 07
3 1 ,3 0 5 .1 8
14, 714. 61

H ig h -te m p e r a tu r e in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f c la y p r o d u c ts, 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f f ir e -r e s is tin g p r o p e r tie s, 1 9 2 0 ---------------------I n v e s t ig a t io n o f fir e -r e si st in g p r o p e r tie s , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------

45. 60
1 2 .5 9
65. 0 0
4 3 7 .2 4

I n v e s t ig a t io n o f o p tic a l g la s s , 1 9 1 9 -----------------------------------I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 0 --------------------I n v e s t ig a t io n o f r a i lw a y m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 -----------------------------

18. 91
308. 8 5
4 .7 4

M e t a llu r g ic a l r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M ilit a r y r e se a r c h , 1 9 1 8 - 1 9 -----

100- 01
4 ,5 7 4 .9 1

22

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s — C o n tin u e d .
R a d io r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S o u n d in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S o u n d in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m a c h in e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t i n g m a c h in e s, 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ T ______
T e s t in g m a c h in e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d
s c a le s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
T e s t i n g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
E q u ip p in g la b o r a to r y , 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n d u s t r ia l r e se a r c h , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n d u s t r ia l s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e t a in in g w a ll, 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ - ________________
S ta n d a r d iz a t io n o f e q u ip m e n t, 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
T e s t in g G o v e r n m e n t m a te r ia ls , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , R o b e r t s b y -p r o d u c t c o k e o v en ,
1919___________________________________________________
N a t i o n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , m ilit a r y r e s e a r c h e s , 1 9 1 9 ____
C e r tifie d c la im s —
E q u ip p in g c h e m ic a l la b o r a to r y , 1 9 1 6 - 1 7 _______________
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , 1 9 1 7 - 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

$S2. 45
252. 52
61. 73
5 5 6 .5 0
7. 78
2 ,1 4 6 . 73
3 8 .4 0
7 1 .8 5
9 2 .4 1
3 .8 0
9 9 .5 5
793. 57
2 .4 6
103. 95
818. 50
8 2 9 .3 7
1 7 .7 8
1, 6 95 . 25
205. 25
251. 0 9
1 1 ,7 9 0 .0 0
9 9 .2 9
1 2 .0 0
5 0 .8 7

G enera l e x p en se s, 1916_______________________________
G enera l e x p en se s, 1917_______________________________
G en eral ex p en se s, 1918_______________________________
M ilit a r y r e se a r c h , 1 9 1 7 -1 8 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 1 7 ------------I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , 1 9 1 8 ------------T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 1 5 ---------------------------------------T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , 1 9 1 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , 1 9 1 8 -------------------------------N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , m e t a llu r g ic a l w o r k , 1 9 1 8 —
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , R o b e r ts b y -p r o d u c t c o k e
o v e n , 1 9 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 .0 1
6. 20
4. 87
6 0 0 .4 0
6 .8 0
5. 36
5 9 .3 4
6 ,0 3 5 . 21
181. 78
69. 38
1 0 ,0 1 2 . 0 0

T o t a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

80, 866. 59

B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n :
R e f u n d in g p e n a lt i e s o r c h a r g e s e r r o n e o u sly e x a c t e d ----------C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 ----------------------C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 ----------------------E n f o r c e m e n t o f n a v ig a tio n la w s , 1 9 2 0 -------------------------------E n f o r c e m e n t o f n a v ig a t io n la w s , 1 9 2 1 -------------------------------E n fo r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s -c o m m u n ic a tio n la w s , 1 9 2 0 -------------E n f o r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s - c o m m u n ic a t io n la w s , 1 9 2 1 --------------

6 ,5 2 6 . 8 6
19. 24
1 .9 2
2 ,8 5 8 .9 1
12. 54
2 5 .3 6
2 7 .9 2

C e r tifie d c la im s —
E n f o r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s - c o m m u n ic a t io n la w s , 1 9 1 8 --------

2. 09

T o ta l______________________________________________

9 ,4 7 4 . 84

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

23

S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e :
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1!)1!)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C e r tifie d c la im s —C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

$244. 20
3 22 . 76
287. 44

C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

41. 83

T o t a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

909. 27

B u reau o f F is h e r ie s :
B io lo g ic a l s t a t i o n , M is s is s ip p i R iv e r V a lle y , 1 9 2 1 ___________
F is h h a tc h e r y , B o z e m a n , M o n t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , C ap e V in c e n t, N . V ., 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5 .6 1
245. 82
100. 79

1 3 .0 4

M a r in e b io lo g ic a l s t a t io n , F l a ------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 0 -------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r o t e c tin g s e a l an d sa lm o n fis h e r ie s o f A la s k a . 1 9 2 0 _______
P r o t e c tin g s e a l a n d sa lm o n f is h e r ie s o f A la s k a , 1 9 2 1 _______
S a la r ie s . B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
C e r tifie d c la im s —
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^_______
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 7 ---------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , fo o d -fish su p p ly , 1 9 1 8 ___

2 3 .3 1
5 , 9 0 0 .S 4
20, 2 9 3 .9 1
6 , 527. 71
1 , 7 3 3 .3 3
269. 74
9 0 .0 0

T o t a l______________________________________________

3 5 ,2 0 2 .7 9

B u rea u o f th e C e n s u s :
T a b u la t in g m a c h in e s, 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
E x p e n s e s o f F o u r te e n th C e n su s, 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 2 ____________
C e r tifie d c l a im s —
E x p e n s e s o f T h ir te e n th C e n su s, 1 9 1 0 -1 9 1 2 _____________

5 2 .8 3
8. 23
1 0 .4 0
. 27

.3 7
3 5 6 ,2 9 2 .6 6
2 .0 0

T o ta l______________________________________________

3 5 0 ,2 9 5 .0 3

C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y :
M o to r -d r iv e n v e s se l a n d la u n c h e s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G en eral ex p en se s, 1919___________________________________
G en era l ex p en ses, 1920 ___________________________________
G en eral e x p en se s, 1921 ___________________________________

2 , 2 7 0 .9 8
.2 5
8 0 1 .0 4
2 , 9 1 9 .2 5

G ene ra l ex p en se s, 1 9 1 9 -2 0 ________________________________
P a r ty e x p e n se s, 191 9 _____________________________________
P a rty ex p en ses, 1920_____________________________________
P a r t y e x p e n s e s , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
P a y , e tc ., offic er s a n d m en , v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C e r tifie d c la im s —
G en e ra l e x p en se s, 1 916 _______________________________
G eneral ex p en ses, 1918 _______________________________

200. 00
6 , 8 9 2 .7 7
5 2 ,1 5 0 .3 2
3 , 6 8 6 .7 8
233. 77
13, 593. 27
19, 054. 72
4, 548. 73
22. 0 0
19. 44

24

BEPOBT OF T H E SECBETAEY OF COMMEBCE.

C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y — C o n tin u e d .
C e r tifie d c la im s — C o n tin u e d .
P a rty ex p en se s, 1917_________________________________
P a r t y e x p e n s e s , 1 9 1 8 --------------------------------------------------

$37. 83
921. 43

T o t a l______________________________________________

1 0 8 ,0 1 8 . 5 8

B u rea u o f L ig h th o u s e s :
A id s t o n a v ig a tio n , A la s k a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A id s t o n a v ig a tio n , A tc h a f a la y a E n tr a n c e , L a ---------------------A id s to n a v ig a tio n , C o n n e a u t, O h io -----------------------------------A id s to n a v ig a tio n , G u a n ta n a m o B a y . C u b a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A id s t o n a v ig a tio n , W a s h in g t o n a n d O r e g o n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 5 1 . 49
1 , 6 4 2 .8 3
428. 53
265. 5 0
53. 2 0

K e lie t t B lu f f L i g h t S ta t io n , W a s h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
W h it e S h o a l L a k e L ig h t S ta t io n , M ic h _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
* L ig h t v e s s e l, S o u t h w e s t P a s s , M is s is s ip p i R iv e r , L a ________
K ip r a p p r o te c tio n fo r lig h t s t a t i o n s , th ir d lig h t h o u s e d i s t r i c t I ta d io i n s t a lla t io n s on lig h t h o u s e te n d e r s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g a id s to n a v ig a tio n .. G u lf o f M e x ic o .
R e p a ir in g a n d r e b u ild in g a id s to n a v ig a tio n , s e v e n th a n d
e ig h t h lig h t h o u s e d is t r i c t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

469. 9 8
1. 954. 8 2
1 . 6 1 3 .9 0
9-, 000. 0 0
8 , 8 5 1 .4 5
4 ,7 0 8 . 79

T e n d e r f o r fir st lig h t h o u s e d is t r i c t _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e . 1 9 1 9 ________________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

10. 6 0
3 6 4 .1 7 4 .8 5
288, 542. 3 5
9 2 ,2 6 8 .9 8
7 2 .2 2

1, 675. 3 7

S a la r ie s , k e e p e r s o f lig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 2 1 _____________ ,________
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls . 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls . 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1921_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a tio n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , a id s t o n a v ig a tio n , C a r ib b e a n
S ea, 1919______________________________________________
C e r tifie d c la im s —
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 6 ____________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s . L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 7 ____________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 8 ____________
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

53. 51
15, 413. 9 2
45. 56S. 0 5
3 , 0 0 3 .5 4

T o ta l______________________________________________

8 5 6 .7 0 1 .2 5

M i s c e lla n e o u s :
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 0 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , 1 9 2 1 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___________
J u d g m e n ts , U n ite d S t a t e s c o u r t s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
C la im s f o r d a m a g e s b y c o llis io n w it h lig h t h o u s e v e s s e l s — ___

36. 0 0
2 0 .0 0
2 , 2 1 0 .7 7
4 3 6 .1 2

T o t a l— . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2, 702. 8 9

G rand

t o t a l _______________________________________

85. 0 0
2 ,3 1 4 .8 0
8 ,0 9 1 .2 1
5 ,4 2 6 .3 6
1 6 0 .0 0

1, 479, 77S. 71

T h e f o ll o w i n g s ta te m e n t s h o w s t h e e x p e n d itu r e s d u r in g th e fiscal
y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 . 1921, o n a c c o u n t o f a ll a p p r o p r ia tio n s u n d e r t h e
c o n t r o l o f th e D e p a r t m e n t , g i v i n g th e t o ta l a m o u n t e x p e n d e d b y e a c h
b u r ea u :

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

B ureau .

B y D is b u r s ­
in g C le rk of
th e D e p a r t­
m e n t.

B y s p e c ia l
d is b u r s in g
a g e n ts of
D e p a r tm e n t.

$ 3 9 2 ,0 3 8 .1 6
32 5 .14
B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s ..........................

B y A u d ito r
for S t a t e
a n d O th e r
D e p a r tm e n ts.

$ 1 4 ,1 2 6 .7 8

25

P r in t in g
and
b in d in g .

$ 1 3 ,5 2 4 .3 5

T o t a l.

$ 4 1 9 ,6 8 9 .2 9

$ 7 ,3 1 3 ,1 5 4 .1 0

3 5 6 ,2 9 5 .0 3

1 ,9 6 2 ,99S. 46

1 0 8 ,0 1 8 .5 8

3 6 ,8 7 3 .0 2

2 ,1 0 7 ,8 9 0 .0 6

1 8 ,1 5 6 .1 9

3 7 ,5 0 9 .5 6

2 2 ,4 3 5 .0 4

1 ,4 5 6 ,6 2 5 .0 1

1 ,3 7 8 ,5 2 4 .2 2

7 ,6 6 9 ,7 7 4 .2 7

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic
C o m m e r c e .......................................

4 8 1 ,2 8 8 .6 0

4 3 2 ,0 9 9 .3 7

6 ,4 2 0 .6 9

1 6 3 ,9 1 8 .9 9

1 ,0 8 3 ,7 2 7 .6 5

B u r e a u o f L i g h t h o u s e s ....................

7 0 8 ,6 3 8 .6 7

9 ,1 8 6 ,4 8 4 .0 6

8 5 7 ,1 5 7 .3 7

2 5 ,4 1 3 .3 8

1 0 ,7 7 7 ,6 9 3 .4 8

9 ,4 7 4 .8 4

4 4 ,1 0 7 .4 5

4 0 9 ,9 1 8 .5 9

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ........................

1 ,9 5 0 ,5 9 8 .5 1

3 ,7 7 5 .5 0

8 9 ,8 6 6 .5 9

3 8 ,8 9 9 .3 8

2 ,0 8 3 ,1 3 9 .9 8

909. 27

1 9 ,8 2 5 .5 6

r, 0 6 4 ,9 4 6 .2 7

1 8 ,9 1 6 ,6 6 7 .6 8

1 ,4 7 9 ,77S.71

3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7

2 7 ,0 7 3 ,4 0 4 .6 0

3 5 6 ,3 3 6 .3 0
S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e ___

1 ,0 4 4 ,2 1 1 .4 4

T o t a l .........................................

6 ,3 1 1 ,9 6 1 .0 4

T h e f o ll o w i n g s ta t e m e n t s h o w s th e e x p e n d itu r e s d u r in g t h e fisc a l
y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0, 1921, o n a c c o u n t o f a ll a p p r o p r ia tio n s u n d e r th e
c o n tr o l o f th e D e p a r t m e n t , g i v i n g t h e t o ta l a m o u n ts d is b u r s e d b y th e
v a r io u s d is b u r s in g officers o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t a n d m is c e lla n e o u s r e ­
c e ip t s f o r th e sa m e p e r io d :
B y d ie d is b u r s in g c le r k , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, o n a c c o u n t o f
s a la r ie s a n d e x p e n s e s o f t h e office o f t h e S e c r e t a r y o f C om ­
m er c e, H ie B u r e a u s o f N a v ig a t io n . S ta n d a r d s , F is h e r ie s , C e n ­
s u s , a n d L ig h t h o u s e s , th e office o f th e S u p e r v is in g In sp e c t o r
G e n e r a l, S t e a m b o a t- I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e , s a la r ie s a n d e x i « a ise s
o f t h e S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v ic e a t la r g e , t h e p u b lic w o r k s
o f th e L ig h t h o u s e an d F is h e r ie s S e r v ic e s ( s h o w n in d e ta il in
th e first o f t h e fo r e g o in g t a b le s o f d is b u r s e m e n t s ) ___________ $ 6 ,3 1 1 ,9 6 1 .0 4
B y th e a u th o r iz e d d is b u r s in g offic er s o f t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v i c e - . 9 ,1 8 6 , 484. 043
1 , 9 6 2 ,9 9 8 .4 0
B y th e s p e c ia l d is b u r s in g a g e n t, C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ____
B y t h e s p e c ia l d is b u r s in g a g e n ts . B u r e a u o f F i s h e r i e s _________
1 8 ,1 5 0 .1 9
B y th e c o m m e r c ia l a g e n t s o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t in v e s t ig a t in g tr a d e
c o n d it io n s a b r o a d , a s s p e c ia l d is b u r s in g a g e n t s ______________
4 3 2 ,0 9 9 .3 7
B y th e d is b u r s in g c le r k , B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
7, 2 9 3 ,0 5 9 .1 8
B y th e s p e c ia l d is b u r s in g a g e n t s , B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s ________
B y t h e s p e c ia l d is b u r s in g a g e n ts , B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ________
B y w a r r a n t s d r a w n on th e T r e a s u r e r o f th e U n ite d S t a t e s to
s a t i s f y a c c o u n t s s e t t le d b y t h e A u d it o r fo r th e S t a t e a n d

1 9 ,4 9 4 .9 2
3, 775. 50

O th e r D e p a r t m e n t s __________
P r in t in g a n d b in d in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 ,5 7 9 ,7 7 8 .7 1
3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7

T o t a l----------------------------------------

2 7 ,0 7 3 ,4 0 4 .0 0

M I 8 C E L I.A N K O U S R E C E I P T S .

C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y : S a le o f c h a r t s , p u b lic a tio n s , old
p r o p e r ty , e t c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s : S a le o f p u b lic a tio n s , e t c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B u re a u o f F is h e r ie s :
S a le o f 25 ,1 43 s e a ls k in s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a le o f f o x a n d o t h e r s k i n s __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.$50, 333. 8 0
0 1 6 .2 5
1 ,1 2 8 ,9 5 3 .1 3
72 , 882. 69

26

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s — C o n tin u e d .
S a le o f f e r t il iz e r fr o m P r ib ilo f I s l a n d s _____________ _____

$523. 36

S a le o f s e a l o i l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M e a ls f u r n is h e d e m p lo y e e s a t Is o la te d s t a t i o n s ___________
S a le o f o ld p r o p e r ty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s : M isc e lla n e o u s
r e fu n d s________________
S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v i c e : M is c e lla n e o u s r e f u n d s _________
B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s : S a le o f o ld p r o p e r ty , r e n t a ls , e t c ______
O ffice o f th e S e c r e t a r y : M is c e lla n e o u s r e f u n d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e :
P h o t o s t a t ic w o r k d o n e ----------------------------------------------------•
M is c e lla n e o u s r e f u n d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n :
T o n n a g e d u tie s _________________________________________
N a v ig a t io n f e e s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a v ig a t io n f in e s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 ,2 0 8 ,5 3 9 .6 9
2 2 5 ,8 2 2 . 89
63 , 5S4. 23

M is c e lla n e o u s r e f u n d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14. 25

T o t a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________

16. 37
4 , 1 0 7 .3 6
3 . 0 1 5 .9 4
6 6 .5 6
44. 85
5 2 ,9 7 9 .0 7
1 .S 3
2 3 4 .4 1
42. 50

3 , 8 1 1 ,7 7 9 .2 4

T h e f o llo w in g u n e x p e n d e d b a la n c e s o f a p p r o p r ia tio n s w e r e tu r n e d
in to th e s u r p lu s f u n d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , in a c c o r d a n c e w it h

th e a c t o f

J u n e 2 0 , 1 8 7 4 (1 8 S t a t ., 1 1 0 - 1 1 1 ) :
S a la r ie s , O ffice o f th e S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 9 ____________
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 8 _______

$ 6 ,0 2 4 . 73
6 4 .4 4

I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 _______
I n c r e a s e o f c o m p e n sa tio n , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 2 0 _______
It e n t, D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s . D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 8 ___________
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 ___________
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f C e n s u s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o lle c t in g s t a t i s t i c s , B u r e a u o f C e n su s , 19 1 S ________ '---------------C o lle c tin g s t a t i s t i c s , B u r e a u o f C e n su s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T a b u la t in g m a c h in e s, B u r e a u o f C e n su s , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T a b u la t in g m a c h in e s, B u r e a u o f C e n su s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P u n c h in g m a c h in e s fo r F o u r te e n t h C e n su s , B u r e a u o f C e n su s , 1 9 1 9 -

1 ,9 2 2 . 27
1 ,1 2 6 .0 9
1 ,1 3 2 . 30
4 0 2 .2 7
2 7 6 . 28
57, 3 8 7 . 51
1 8 ,1 0 0 .1 8
3 2 ,9 6 9 .8 4
5 , 4 3 7 .8 3
1 8 ,9 4 4 .5 8
21, 4 7 2 .2 5

S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 ______
14, 5 6 3 .4 8
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 7 ----------------2 5 .0 1
C o m m e r c ia l a t t a c h é s , D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 8 ___________
3 7 3 .0 6
C o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , 1 9 1 9 ___________
6, 252. 40
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 4 _______________
50. 00
P r o m o tin g » c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r ce . 1 9 1 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1. 76
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 7 ----------------------28. 80
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 8 ----------------1 1 8 .9 9
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, 1 9 1 9 ___________
4 ,3 4 6 . 73
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e ,
S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 0 9 .4 5
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e .
S o u t h a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 , 0 6 1 .0 8
P r o m o t in g c o m m e r c e ,
S o u th a n d C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , 1 9 1 9 ________
4 , 8 2 0 .6 6
P r o m o tin g c o m m e r c e in th e F a r E a s t , 1 9 1 9 ___________________
9 , 3 5 8 .5 5
S a la r ie s , O ffice o f S u p e r v is in g In sp e c to r G e n e r a l, S te a m b o a tI n sp e c tio n S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
38S . 61
S a la r ie s , S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 4 ,4 3 6 .4 9
C le r k h ir e , S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1, 647. 44

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

27

C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s , S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c tio n S e r v ic e , 191S ________
C o n tin g e n t e x p e n s e s . S te a m b o a t- I n s p e c t ion S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 ________
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
S a la r ie s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C le r k h ir e , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C o n t in g e n t e x p e n s e s , S h ip p in g S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :___
A d m e a s u r e m e n t o f v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
P r e v e n t in g o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s s e n g e r v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 9 _____________
E n fo r c e m e n t o f n a v ig a tio n la w s , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
E n f o r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s - c o m m u n ic a t io n la w s , 191S _____________
E n f o r c e m e n t o f w ir e le s s -c o m m u n ic a tio n la w s , 1 9 1 9 _____________
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 - -'_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
E q u ip m e n t, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 19 1 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Im p r o v e m e n t a n d c a r e o f g r o u n d s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ___
C o lo r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s, 1 9 1 9 __ I ___________
D e t e r m in in g p h y s ic a l c o n s t a n t s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _____
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , e tc ., B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 7 - 1 S ______
G a u g e s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , e tc ., B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _________
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f c la y p r o d u c ts , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _______
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f t ir e -r e s is tin g p r o p e r tie s. B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s, 1 9 1 9 H ig h - p o t e n tia l in v e s t ig a t io n , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 S ________
H ig h - p o t e n tia l in v e s t ig a t io n , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ________
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f m in e s c a le s a n d c a r s, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s ,
1 9 1 S -1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f o p tic a l g la s s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ______
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y c o m p a n ie s, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s ,
1 9 1 S -1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s,

$7, 23S. 24
1, 809. 44
1 ,1 0 7 . 72
1 ,3 7 5 . 00
1 ,1 3 0 . 58
57. 09
180. 78
193. 42
28. 02
1. 29
8 0 1 .1 3
57. 4 9 7 .1 3
5, 0S9. 91
3 3 4 .0 0
1, 340. 45
2 1 4 .1 8
58. 50
27. 82
2, 418. S I
4, S 80. 14
233. 5 0
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52. 59
183. 00

1 9 1 8 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f p u b lic -u tilit y s t a n d a r d s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s,

7 .0 0

1 9 1 9 _____ :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f r a ilw a y m a te r ia ls . B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _
I n v e s t ig a t io n o f tex tile s-, e tc ., B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s, 1 9 1 9 _______
M ilit a r y r e se a r c h , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 7 - 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M ilit a r y r e se a r c h , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 8 - 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R a d io r e se a r c h , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ------------------------------R a d io la b o r a to r y , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

579. 80
1 4 1 .3 0
135. 09
1 0 ,1 0 4 . 85
0, 2 53 . 72
101. 59
3 8 .1 5
1 ,3 0 4 . 23
88. 21
100. 70
576. 87
194. 47
771. 2 3
2. 25
2 , 1 7 3 .9 0
309. 70
2 ,8 8 3 . 37
9 , 703. 85
99 , 5 2 2 .1 8
31 , 470. 0 2

R e n e w a l o f s t o r a g e b a t t e r ie s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _______
S ta n d a r d iz in g m e c h a n ic n l a p p lia n c e s , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 S ta n d a r d m a te r ia ls , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 -------------^_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S u g a r s t a n d a r d iz a tio n , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _____________
T e s t in g m a c h in e s, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g m a c h in e s, B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s, 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , e tc ., B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 8 - ________
T e s t in g r a ilr o a d s c a le s , e tc ., B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 -------------T e s t in g m is c e lla n e o u s m a te r ia ls , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 _____
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 8 ________
T e s t in g s t r u c t u r a l m a te r ia ls , B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , 1 9 1 9 ________
S a la r ie s , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 ------------------------------P a r t y e x p e n s e s , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 8 5 .3 3

2 , 210 . 20
7 1 0 .2 1

28

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 8 ____________
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 _____________
P a y , e tc ., o ffic er s a n d m en , C o n st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 _____
R e p a ir s o f v e s s e ls , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , 1 9 1 9 ____________
T w o n e w v e s s e ls , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M o to r -d r iv e n v e s s e l a n d la u n c h e s , C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ,
1 9 1 9 ______________________________________________________
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

$ 1 ,1 3 4 . 60
3 , 1 9 1 .2 0
68, 761. 53
2 ,1 0 1 . 86
455. 3 9

R e t ir e d p a y , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7, 664. 67
2. 27

50, 890. 41
6 , 6 4 3 .1 3

G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 2 .3 9
55. 0 4
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e . 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9, 239. 78
109, 591. 73
G e n e r a l e x p e n s e s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 ___ ________________
S a la r ie s , k e e p e r s o f lig h t h o u s e , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
53. 34
S a la r ie s , k e e p e r s o f lig h t h o u s e , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4 6 .9 2 1 .2 7
9 , 0 6 6 .6 7
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S a la r ie s , lig h t h o u s e v e s s e ls , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
46, 522. 75
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 8 -------------------- -----------------------196. 41
S a la r ie s , L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1 2 ,0 1 9 .4 4
O il h o u s e fo r lig h t s t a t i o n s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
330. 4 0
D o g I s la n d L ig h t, M e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
381. 4 6
C a p e C od C a n a l L ig h t s , M a s s -------------------------------------------------94. 91
5 .3 0
W o o d s H o le L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t, M a s s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A id s to n a v ig a tio n , B a s t R iv e r , X . Y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 6 .1 1
A m b r o s e C h a n n e l, N . Y ., lig h t e d b u o y s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
. 07
2 2 6 .7 4
H u n t’s P o in t L ig h t S ta t io n , X . Y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S ta t e n I s la n d L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t , X . Y _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
1 ,1 4 4 .5 1
6 3 .2 0
A id s to n a v ig a tio n , D e la w a r e R iv e r , P a . a n d D e l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
L ig h t in g N o r f o lk H a r b o r , V a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 1 2 .4 0
T h im b le S h o a l L ig h t S ta t io n , Y a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
344. 61
A id s to n a v ig a tio n , L o r a in H a r b o r , O h io _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
25 . 46
9 7 .1 6
M a n ito w o c B r e a k w a t e r L ig h t S ta t io n , W is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
C a p e S t. E lia s , L ig h t S ta t io n , A la s k a _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2 0 0 .1 6
N a v a s s a I s la n d , L ig h t S ta t io n , W e s t I n d ie s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 ,9 9 1 .6 1
7. 50
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 2 -----------. ----------------- ------------S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
82. 50
S a la r ie s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 9 ------------------------------------------3 8 ,2 3 8 .7 0
.6 0
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 8 ______________
5, 621. 83
M is c e lla n e o u s e x p e n s e s , B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s , 1 9 1 9 ______________
1, 583. 95
P a y , o ffic er s a n d c r e w o f v e s s e ls , A la s k a fis h e r ie s s e r v ic e , 1 9 1 9 —
5 ,3 7 5 . 84
P r o t e c tin g s e a l a n d sa lm o n f is h e r ie s o f A la s k a , 1 9 1 8 ----------------1 .9 5
P r o t e c tin g se a l a n d sa lm o n f is h e r ie s o f A la s k a , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
285. 33
F is h h a tc h e r y , C old .Sp rin g, G a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , E d e n to n , N . C., 1 9 1 9 ----------------------------------------F is h h a tc h e r y , S t. J o h n sb u r y , V t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
F is h h a tc h e r y , U t a h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T r o u t h a tc h e r y , B e r k s h ir e , M a s s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T o t a l _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ — __ — —

— ___

16. 9 6
7 9 8 . 35
6 .0 2
30. 95
16. 07
9 2 3 ,2 3 3 . 25

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

29

N a t i o n a l S e c u r it y a m i D e f e n s e , S w e d is h ir o n o r e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :-$2,
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity
a n d D e f e n s e , e x p o r t c o n t r o l-------------------------N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity
a n d D e f e n s e , d e v e lo p in g in la n d w a t e r w a y s ___
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , im p o r t a n d e x p o r t s t a t i s t i c s ___
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , in d u s t r ia l la b o r a t o r y ----------------N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , m e t a llu r g ic a l r e s e a r c h _________
N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , n e w b u ild in g , B u r e a u o f S ta n d ­
ards
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , p r o d u c tio n o f f a b r ic s ___________
N a t i o n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , p r o d u c tio n o f o p tic a l g l a s s _____
N a tio n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , R o b e r t s b y -p r o d u c t c o k e o v e n . ,._
N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , th e r m it e in v e s t ig a t io n __________
N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , fo o d -fish s u p p ly _______________
N a t i o n a l S e c u r it y
a n d D e f e n s e , r e s c u in g fo o d fis h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y
a n d D e f e n s e , s e a l- o il p la n t __________________
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity
a n d D e f e n s e , n e w b u ild in g , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic
S u rv ey ____________________________________________________
T o t a l_________________________________________________
N a t io n a l
N a t io n a l
N a t io n a l
N a t io n a l
N a t io n a l
N a t io n a l
N a tio n a l
N a t io n a l
N a tio n a l

S e c u r ity
S e c u r ity
S e c u r it y
S e c u r it y
S e c u r ity
S e c u r ity
S e c u r ity
S e c u r ity
S e c u r ity

a n d D e f e n s e , im p o r t a n d e x p o r t s t a t i s t i c s ____
a n d D e f e n s e , in d u s t r ia l la b o r a t o r y ___________
a n d D e f e n s e , m e t a llu r g ic a l w o r k _____________
a n d D e f e n s e , p r o d u c tio n o f o p tic a l g l a s s _____
a n d D e f e n s e , R o b e r t s b y -p r o d u c t c o k e o v e n ___
a n d D e f e n s e , t h e r m it e in v e s t ig a t io n _________
a n d D e f e n s e , fo o d -fish s u p p ly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a n d D e f e n s e , r e s c u in g fo o d fis h ______________
a n d D e f e n s e , s e a l-o il p la n t ___ _______________

T o t a l_________________________________________________
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , I n d u s t r ia l B o a r d , 1 9 1 9 _________
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , I n d u s t r ia l C o o p e r a tio n S e r v ic e ,
1 9 1 9 ______________________________________________________
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , w a s t e - r e c la m a tio n w o rk , 1 9 1 9 __
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , c o m m o d it y e x p e r t s , 1 9 1 9 ----------N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , im p o r t a n d e x p o r t s t a t i s t i c s , 1 9 1 9 _ N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , I n d u s tr ia l la b o r a to r y , 1 9 1 9 _____
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , th e r n r ite in v e s t ig a t io n , 1 9 1 9 _____
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , R o b e r t s b y -p r o d u c t c o k e o v e n ,
1 9 1 9 ______________________________________________________
N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , a lt it u d e la b o r a t o r y , 1 9 1 9 ----------N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , c o m p le tin g la b o r a t o r y , 1 9 1 9 -------N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , m ilit a r y r e se a r c h e s , 1 9 1 9 ----------N a tio n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , d e m o n s tr a tio n p la n t , 1 9 1 9 _______
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , fo o d -fish su p p ly , 1 9 1 9 ___________
N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , s p e c ia l s t a t i s t i c a l w o r k , 1 9 1 9 ----N a t io n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , b u ild in g e q u ip m e n t, 1 9 1 9 ----------N a t io n a l S e c u r it y a n d D e f e n s e , n e w b u ild in g , C o a st a n d G e o d e tic
S u rvey, 1919_______________________________________________
N a t io n a l S e c u r it y an d D e f e n s e , a id s to n a v ig a t io n , C a r ib b e a n
- S e a , 1 9 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

780, 3 5 1 .0 8
3 0 .6 5
3 1 .8 6
7, 888. 56
24, 842. 80
264. 65
5 2 .4 7
701. 35
1, 224. 95
1 3 ,3 8 1 .9 1
4 ,1 4 6 . 08
15, 4 1 2 . 59
3 , 1 8 7 .1 7
1 4 .1 3
27, 8 3 5 .12

2 , 8 7 9 ,3 4 5 . 9 7
7 7 .9 1
7 ,1 3 0 . 48
320. 73
3, 123. HO
1 0 1 .3 9
1 8 7 .8 2
2 , 2 4 8 .0 3
3 , 9 3 2 .2 7
852. 35
1 7 ,9 7 4 . 78
1 1 ,1 2 4 . 81
18, 984. 24
12, 482. 9 7
8 5 ,4 6 7 .8 8
78 4 .3 0
3 8 .9 9
353. 25
2 5 1 . 58
102. 81
3, 1 2 9 .5 9
2 , 9 7 4 .4 2
0 ,8 8 5 . 0 0
993. 32
20, 838. 93
144. 2 0
2, 620. 40
23, 707. 09

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

30

N a t i o n a l S e c u r ity a n d D e f e n s e , lig h t h o u s e d e p o t, T o in p ld n s v ille ,
N. Y„ harbor, 191 0_________________________________________

$9, 5 5 8 .1 9

T o t a l -------------------------------------------------------------------------A r m a m e n t o f fo r t if ic a t io n s , c o m m e r c e t r a n s f e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A v ia t io n , N a v y , c o m m e r c e t r a n s fe r , 1 9 1 9 _______ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T o t a l_________________________________________________
G r a n d to ta l
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200, 442. 57

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D e p a r tm e n t o f

C o m m er ce h a s tu r n e d

b a c k u n u se d in to th e T r e a su r y th e f o llo w in g a m o u n ts :
June
30, 1 9 1 3 ___________ $ 6 1 8 ,9 7 0 .0 1
June
30, 1 9 1 4 __________
3 4 7 ,1 0 2 .4 8
2 4 7 .4 8 2 .2 2
June
30, 1 9 1 5 __________
June
30, 1 9 1 6 __________
2 2 7 ,9 4 1 .9 2
June
30, 1 9 17 __________
1 7 7 ,9 9 5 .2 7
149, 009. 51
J u n e 30, 1 9 18 __________

June
June
June

30 , 1 9 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 4 7 0 ,0 4 5 .1 0
30 , 1 9 2 0 ________ _ 1 , 1 4 9 ,3 6 3 .2 8
30, 1 9 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , 0 4 2 ,4 3 4 . 3 8
T o t a l___________

7 ,4 3 0 ,4 0 4 .1 7

PERSO NNEL.

T h e a c c o m p a n y in g ta b le s h o w s , b y b u r e a u s , th e n u m b e r o f p e r ­
m a n e n t p o s it io n s in th e D e p a r t m e n t on J u l y 1. 1 9 2 1 , a n d t h e in c r e a se
o r d e c r e a s e in e a c h b u r e a u a s c o m p a r e d w it h J u l y 1, 1920. T h e
fig u r e s d o n o t in c lu d e t e m p o r a r y a p p o in t m e n t s , n o r d o t h e y in c lu d e
th e f o ll o w i n g a p p o in t m e n t s o r e m p lo y m e n ts n o t m a d e b y th e h e a d
o f th e D e p a r t m e n t : P e r s o n s e n g a g e d in r o d d in g , c h a in in g , r e c o r d in g ,
h e lio t r o p in g , e tc ., in field p a r t ie s o f th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ;
t e m p o r a r y e m p lo y m e n ts in fie ld o p e r a tio n s o f th e B u r e a u o f F i s h ­
e r ie s ; m e c h a n ic s , s k ille d t r a d e s m e n , a n d la b o r e r s e m p lo y e d in fie ld
c o n s tr u c tio n w o r k in th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e . E n lis t e d m e n o n v e s ­
s e ls o f th e ('o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y in th e P h i l ip p in e I s la n d s a n d
officers a n d m e n o f th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t e m p lo y e d o n v e s se ls o f
t h e B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s a re a ls o e x c lu d e d . T h e t o t a l o f th e se e x ­
c lu d e d m is c e lla n e o u s e m p lo y m e n t s a n d e n lis t m e n t s is a p p r o x im a t e ly
3 ,5 7 3 , a s c o m p a r e d w it h 4 .2 3 4 f o r th e fisc a l y e a r 1920. A t t h e c lo se
o f th e fisc a l y e a r th e r e w e r e 751 e m p lo y e e s in th e s e r v ic e o f t h e
D e p a r tm e n t s e r v in g u n d e r te m p o r a r y a p p o in t m e n t o r e m p lo y m e n t
T h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f p e r m a n e n t p o s it io n s r e fe r r e d to in th e a c c o m ­
p a n y in g t a b le , t o g e t h e r w it h th e e m p lo y m e n ts a n d e n lis t m e n t s j u s t
m e n tio n e d , o n J u l y 1. 1921, w a s a p p r o x im a t e ly 1 3 ,0 0 5, a s c o m p a r e d
w it h 18,249 o n J u l y 1, 1920.

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

S ta tu ­
to ry .

B u reau .

N o n sta tu to ry .

183
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w h ic h , u n d e r t h e l a w , m u s t t e r m i n a t e o n or b e fo r e J u n e 30, 1922; a ls o 633 c o t t o n a g e n t s e m p lo y e d in t h e
fie ld .
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t r e a t e d a s w i t h i n t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o lu m b ia .
3 I n c lu d e s t h e f o ll o w in g p o s it io n s , a p p o i n t m e n t t o w h ic h i s n o t m a d e b y t h e h e a d o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t :
481 m e c h a n ic s , s k il le d tr a d e s m e n , a n d la b o r e r s e m p lo y e d in f ie ld c o n s t r u c t io n w o r k in t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ­
i c e a n d w o r k o f a si m ila r c h a r a c t e r a t t h e G e n e r a l L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t a t T o m p k in s v ille , N . Y .; 1,105 l a m p ­
li g h t e r s ; 227 l i g h t a t t e n d a n t s , a n d 1,365 m e m b e r s o f c r e w s o f v e s s e ls .

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66

32

945

1 ,39 2

4 ,3 9 0

5 ,7 8 2

7 ,7 0 3

R educ­
t io n s .

1 ,14 6

D o m e s t ic
76

16

230
B u r e a u o f F i s h e r ie s .................................

46

12

397

5

4

96

30

126

131

24

254

390

644

515

18

76

80

156

93

3

402

260

662

681

155

C o a st a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y ...................

64

1

5

70

50

120

205

3

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n .........................

43

12

21

76

68

144

76

3

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .............

53

1

54

15

69

42

3

T o t a l ...................................................

1 ,40 2

1 ,0 2 7

2 ,4 7 8

5 ,29 1

7 ,7 6 9

9 ,4 7 8

1 ,3 1 3

49

1 I n c lu d e s a p p o i n t m e n t s o f t h e fo ll o w in g c h a r a c te r : P r e s i d e n t ia l, b y s e le c t io n fr o m c iv il- s e r v ic e c e r t i f i­
c a t e s , u n d e r E x e c u t i v e o r d e r , t o e x c e p t e d p o s i t i o n s , b y r e i n s t a t e m e n t , a n d b y r e a s o n o f tr a n s fe r w i t h i n
t h e D e p a r t m e n t or fr o m o t h e r d e p a r t m e n t s o r i n d e p e n d e n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .

2 I n c lu d e s

for t h e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s a ll e m p l o y e e s , a lt h o u g h t h e m a j o r it y o f c h a n g e s a p p l y t o t h e

a d d it io n a l for ce a u t h o r iz e d d u r in g t h e F o u r t e e n t h D e c e n n ia l C e n su s p e r io d t o bo m a d e b y t h e D ir e c to r
o f th e C en su s.

32

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

S e p a r a t io n s .1

B ureau .

F r o m p e r m a n e n t p o s it io n s .

C om ­
p e ti­
tiv e .

O ffic e o f t h e S e c r e t a r y ......................................

45

B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s ........................................

1 ,60 2

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m o r c e

51

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s .........................................

219

U n­
c la s s i­
fie d .

E x­
c e p te d .

%
1

3

2 ,1 2 8
16

57

13

7 ,5 6 8

932

69

9

78

44

417

641

124

40

C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y .............................

36

6

24

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n .......................................

21

1

21

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .......................

38
2 ,4 0 2

8
3 ,8 3 8

224

350

T o t a l ..........................................................

49
3 ,7 3 0

5

B u r e a u o f F is h e r ie s ...........................................

10

I

G rand
t o t a l.

M isc e lla ­
neous
c h a n g e s .*

2

B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s .....................................

10

T o t a l.

te m p o ­
rary
p o s i­
ti o n s .

36 j 2 ,1 9 1

60

54

114

18

350

240

590

51

66

72

138

14

43

118

161

19

38

20

58

15

4 ,6 2 9

4 ,7 7 6

9 ,4 0 5

1 ,23 0

1 I n c lu d e s s e p a r a t io n s b y r e a s o n o f r e s ig n a t io n s , d is c o n t in u a n c e s , r e m o v a ls , d e a t h s , t r a n s fe r s w i t h i n t h e
D e p a r t m e n t , a n d tr a n s fe r s fr o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t t o o th e r d e p a r t m e n t s o r in d e p e n d e n t e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
* I n c lu d e s r e a p p o i n t m e n t s b y r e a s o n o f c h a n g e o f s t a t i o n , n a m e , d e s ig n a t io n , e x t e n s i o n o f t e m p o r a r y
a p p o in tm e n ts , e tc .

W h ile th e f o r e g o in g ta b le s s h o w a la r g e r e d u c tio n in tu r n o v e r a s
c o m p a r e d w it h th e r e p o r t fo r 1 9 2 0 , fr o m a b u s in e s s p o in t o f v ie w
it is s t i l l e x c e s s iv e , l a r g e l y b y r e a so n o f t h e d iffic u lty o f s e c u r in g
c o m p e te n t e lig ib le s t o a c c e p t th e m e a g e r c o m p e n sa tio n s o f th e
lo w e r -g r a d e p o s it io n s or to r e ta in a p p o in t e e s t h e r e in w h e n t h e y
le a r n th e l im it a t io n s a s r e g a r d s f u t u r e p r o m o tio n s .
A lt h o u g h h a n d ic a p p e d b y c o n d itio n s b e y o n d its c o n tr o l, t h is D e ­
p a r t m e n t h a s f o r so m e t im e m a in ta in e d a g e n e r a l p o lic y o f f illin g
v a c a n c ie s in th e h ig h e r g r a d e s b y p r o m o tio n , le a v in g t h e c o n se q u e n t
v a c a n c ie s in th e lo w e s t o r e n tr a n c e g r a d e s to b e fille d in e a c h in s ta n c e
b y n e w a p p o in t m e n t , a n d o t h e r t h in g s b e in g e q u a l p r o m o tio n s a re
b a se d o n c o m p a r a t iv e e fficie n c y a n d le n g t h o f s e r v ic e .
I n s p it e o f p r o m is in g p r o s p e c ts w h ic h h a v e p r e s e n te d th e m s e lv e s
fr o m t im e t o t im e f o r s o m e y e a r s , s a la r ie s r e m a in p r a c t ic a lly u n ­
c h a n g e d . I t is tr u e t h a t th e b o n u s is s t i l l p a id a n d t h a t th e c o s t o f
l i v i n g is s l i g h t l y lo w e r e d , b u t n o c o n c lu sio n c a n b e r e a c h e d o th e r th a n
t h a t th e G o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y e e a s a c la s s is g r e a t ly u n d e r p a id f o r th e
q u a lific a tio n s h e m u s t p o s s e ss a n d th e w o r k h e h a s to u n d e r ta k e .
T h is is s t i l l m o re a p p a r e n t in th e s c ie n tif ic a n d s u p e r v is o r y p o s i­
t io n s . T h e r e m a in in g o f m a n y s u c h e m p lo y e e s in th e s e r v ic e m a y
b e a ttr ib u te d to p e r s o n a l t ie s fo r m e d , th e d is lik e to b r e a k a w a y fr o m
fix e d h a b its o f l i f e , a n d lo y a lt y to t h e s e r v ic e . T h e u s u a l e n tr a n c e
s a la r ie s o f c le r k s is $ 9 0 0 a n d $ 1 ,0 0 0 p e r a n n u m ( h ig h e r c o m p e n sa ­
t io n is o c c a s io n a lly o f f e r e d ) . A r e c e n t c o m p ila tio n o f th e a v e r a g e

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

33

s a la r y o f c le r ic a l e m p lo y e e s o f t h is D e p a r t m e n t s h o w e d i t to b e le ss
t h a n $ 1 ,2 5 0 p e r a n n u m . A c o m p a r is o n o f th e se fig u r e s n o t o n ly
p r e s e n ts th e in a d e q u a c y o f s a la r ie s o ffe r e d , b u t t h e c o m p a r a t iv e ly
lim it e d p r o m o tio n o p p o r t u n it ie s a s s h o w n b y t h e s l i g h t d iffe r e n c e
b e tw e e n th e e n tr a n c e s a la r y a n d th e a v e r a g e s a la r y o f e x p e r ie n c e d
c le r k s. T h e tr a d e w o r k e r s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d m e c h a n ic a l e m ­
p lo y e e s in th e fie ld se r v ic e , w h e r e lo c a l c o n d it io n s p e r m it o f e q u a l
c o m p e t itio n , a re g e t t i n g w a g e s e q u iv a le n t to fr o m $ 2 ,0 0 0 to $ 3 ,0 0 0
a y e a r . L a b o r e r s c a n g e t w a g e s a p p r o a c h in g t h e a v e r a g e s a la r ie s
o f e x p e r ie n c e d c le r k s . I f i t is c o n s id e r e d a d v is a b le to k e e p a lo w
e n tr a n c e s a la r y t h e r e s h o u ld b e a su ffic ie n t p r o p o r t io n o f th e h ig h e r
g r a d e s to p e r m it p r o m p t a n d r e a so n a b ly f r e q u e n t p r o m o tio n sc h em e.
O u t o f 1 ,00 0 c le r ic a l p o s it io n s in t h is D e p a r t m e n t t h e c o m p e n sa tio n
o f 6 is o v e r $ 2,0 0 0 p e r a n n u m , o f 152 b e tw e e n $ 1 ,5 0 0 a n d $ 2 ,0 0 0 p e r
a n n u m , o f 5 7 7 b e tw e e n $ 1 ,0 0 0 a n d $ 1 ,5 0 0 p e r a n n u m , a n d o f 2 7 8 in
g r a d e s b e lo w . I t is e x p e c te d t h a t r e c la s s if ic a tio n w i l l r e m e d y so m e
o f th e se d r a w b a c k s, b u t a lt h o u g h f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s th e q u e s t io n h a s
b e en u n d e r c o n s id e r a t io n a n d c o n s id e r a b le la b o r a n d e x p e n s e h a v e
b e e n d e v o t e d to i t , r e c la s s if ic a tio n d o e s n o t a p p e a r to b e a p p r e c ia b ly
n e a r e r th a n it w a s a y e a r a g o . V a r io u s p la n s in th e fo r m o f b ills
in tr o d u c e d in t o C o n g r e s s a re s u g g e s t e d , o n e d e s ir a b le a im is c o m ­
m o n t o - a l l , t h e d iff e r e n c e s a re s e c o n d a r y a n d s h o u ld n o t b e p e r m it ­
te d to f u r t h e r p o s t p o n e s o a d v a n t a g e o u s a m o v e m e n t.
T h e a n n u a l s tu d y o f le a v e s t a t is t ic s to a s c e r t a in t h e e x t e n t to w h ic h
le a v e p r iv ile g e s w e r e u s e d b y e m p lo y e e s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t d u r in g
t h e c a le n d a r y e a r o f 1 9 2 0 s h o w s t h a t 2 6 p e r c e n t o f t h e e m p lo y e e s
c o n s id e r e d to o k n o s ic k l e a v e ; 63 p e r c e n t to o k t h e f u l l 3 0 d a y s ’ a l lo w ­
a n c e o f a n n u a l l e a v e ; 14 p e r c e n t t o o k t h e f u l l 3 0 d a y s ’ a llo w a n c e o f
s ic k l e a v e ; 3 p e r c e n t t o o k t h e c o m b in e d a llo w a n c e o f 3 0 d a y s e a c h
o f a n n u a l a n d s ic k le a v e . C o n tr a r y to t h e p o p u la r b e l ie f , i t is n o t
t h e e x p e r ie n c e o f t h i s D e p a r t m e n t t h a t e m p lo y e e s a r e e a g e r t o a v a il
th e m s e lv e s o f th e f u ll u se o f le a v e p r iv ile g e s .
7 6 0 6 0— 2 1 ----- 3

84

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE,

T o t a l a n d A v e r a g e A m o u n t o f A n n u a l a n d S ic k Re a v e , h y B u r e a u s , St a t e d
S e p a r a t e l y a n d T o g e t h e r , T a k e n b y t h e E m pl o y e e s o f t h e D e pa r t m e n t
in
t h e D is t r ic t
o f Co l u m b i a , A r r a n g e d A c c o r d in g t o S e x , D u r i n g t h e
C a l e n d a r Y e a r 1 0 2 0 , »a n d A v e r a g e L e a v e f o r 1019.
M ALE.

A n n u a l le a v e.*
B urea u .

b e r .1

D a y s.

A ver­
age.

S ic k le a v e .

D a y s.

A ver­
age.

T o ta l.

D a y s.

A ver­
age.

A v erag e,
1919.

O ffic e o f t h e S e c r e t a r y ............................

73

1 ,98 0

2 7 .1 3

509

6 .9 7

2 ,4 8 9

3 4 .1 0

3 1 .6 1

B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s ..............................

282

7 ,6 %

2 7 .2 9

1,203

4 .2 7

8 ,8 9 9

3 1 .5 6

3 0 .6 6
3 4 .1 2

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c c ......................................................

71

1,963

27. 65

498

7 .01

2 ,4 6 1

3 4 .6 6

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ..............................

455

11,622

2 5 .5 4

2 ,6 7 3

5 .8 8

1 4 ,2 95

3 1 .4 2

2 9 .4 5

B u r e a u o f F i s h e r ie s ................................

39

1 ,01 0

2 5 .9 0

214

5 .4 8

1,224

3 1 .3 8

2 9 .5 2

B u r e a u o f L i g h t h o u s e s ..........................

17

489

2 8 .7 6

205

1 2 .0 6

694

4 0 .8 2

3 5 .9 3

C o a s t a n d G e o d e ti c S u r v e y ..................

158

4 ,3 %

2 7 .8 2

1 ,23 0

7 .8 2

5 ,6 3 2

3 5 .6 4

3 5 .4 0

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ............................

15

395

2 6 .3 3

73

4 .8 7

468

3 1 .2 0

2 9 .5 3

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .............

5

144

2 8 .8 0

29

5 .8 0

173

3 4 .6 0

3 0 .0 0

T o t a l a n d a v e r a g e ........................

1 ,11 5

2 9 ,6 9 5

2 6 .6 3

0 ,6 4 0

5 .9 6

3 6 ,3 3 5

3 2 .5 9

3 1 .1 1

FEM ALE.

O ffic e o f t h e S e c r e ta r y ............................
B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s ..............................

55 1 1 ,58 6
335

2 S .83

7 88

1 4 .3 3

2 ,3 7 4

4 3 .1 6

3 9 .1 8

9 ,7 0 6

2 8 .9 7

2 ,6 4 2 1

7 .8 9

1 2 ,3 48

3 6 .8 6

3 9 .7 2

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m 54

1 ,5 9 0

2 9 .4 4

544 1 1 0 .0 7

2 ,1 3 4

3 9 .5 1

4 0 .8 8

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ..............................

87 i

2 ,4 0 1

2 7 .5 9

860 '

9 .8 9

3 ,26 1

3 7 .4 8

3 7 .8 5
3 7 .8 2

r n e r c e ......................................................
B u r e a u o f F i s h e r i e s ................................

23

675

2 9 .3 5

264

1 1 .4 8

939

4 0 .8 3

B u r e a u o f L i g h t h o u s e s ..........................

3

88

2 9 .3 3

58

1 9 .3 3

146

4 8 .6 6

4 8 .0 0

C o a st a n d G e o d e ti c S u r v e y ...................

28

829

2 9 .6 0

323 !

11 .54

1,15 2

4 1 .1 4

4 1 .3 1

173

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ............................

13

381

2 9 .3 1

1 3 .3 0

554

4 2 .6 1

4 3 .3 8

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .............

6

180

3 0 .0 0

60 ;

1 0 .0 0

240

4 0 .0 0

3 6 .0 0

T o t a l a n d a v e r a g e ........................

604

1 7 ,4 3 6

2 8 .8 7

5 ,7 1 2 I

9 .4 5

2 3 ,1 4 8

3 8 .3 2

3 9 .5 9

TOTAL.

O ffic e o f t h e S e c r e t a r y ............................

128

3 ,5 6 6

2 7 .8 6

1 ,29 7

1 0 .1 3

4 ,8 6 3

3 7 .9 9

3 3 .8 0

B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s .............................

617

17,402

2 S .21

3 ,8 4 5 '

6 .2 3

2 1 ,2 4 7

3 4 .4 4

3 3 .7 6

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m r n e r c e ......................................................

125

3 ,5 5 3

2 8 .4 3

1 ,0 4 2 1

8 .3 3

4 ,5 9 5

3 6 .7 6

3 6 .8 1

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s ..............................

542

14,023

2 5 .8 7

3, 533 !

6 .5 2

17 ,55 6

3 2 .3 9

3 0 .6 1

B u r e a u o f F i s h e r ie s ................................

62

1 ,68 5

2 7 .1 8

4 78

7 .7 1

2 ,1 6 3

3 4 .8 9

3 2 .6 5

B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s ..........................

20

577

2 8 .8 5

263

1 3 .1 5

840

4 2 .0 0

3 7 .9 4

C o a s t a n d G e o d e ti c S u r v e y ...................

186

5 ,2 2 5

2 8 .0 9

1 ,5 5 9

8 .3 8

6 ,7 8 4

3 6 .4 7

3 6 .4 9

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ............................

28

776

2 7 .7 1

246

8 .7 9

1 ,02 2

3 6 .5 0

3 6 .4 6

8 .0 9

413

3 7 .5 5

3 3 .5 0

7 .1 9

5 9 ,4 8 3

3 4 .6 1

3 4 .1 1

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v i c e .............

11

324

2 9 .4 6

T o t a l a n d a v e r a g e .........................

1 ,71 9

4 7 ,13 1

2 7 .4 2

j

89 j
1 2 ,3 5 2

1 I n t h e c o u n t o f t h e a n n u a l le a v e , a ll p e r io d s o f o n e -h a lf d a y a n d o v e r a r e c o u n t e d a s a fu ll d a y ; p e r io d s
o f le s s t h a n o n e -h a lf d a y a r e o m it t e d .
* O n ly t h o s e e m p lo y e e s a r e i n c lu d e d w h o w e r e c o n s id e r e d a s b e in g e n t i t l e d t o th e fu ll y e a r ly a llo w a n c e
o f b o t h a u t m a l a n d s ic k le a v e .

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

35

R E T IR E M E N T .

F o r th e p e r io d e n d in g J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , t h e D e p a r t m e n t u n d e r th e
p r o v is io n s o f th e c iv il- s e r v ic e r e tir e m e n t a c t h a s r e tir e d 56 e m ­
p lo y e e s , 52 o f th e se w it h a n n u it ie s a v e r a g in g $ 5 5 7 .2 5 , 4 w it h o u t a n ­
n u it y . T h e r e a re r e ta in e d b e y o n d r e tir e m e n t a g e 4 6 e m p lo y e e s . T h e
fir s t y e a r ’s o p e r a tio n o f th e r e tir e m e n t s y s te m h a s d e v e lo p e d so m e o f
i t s s h o r tc o m in g s w h ic h s h o u ld b e a m e n d e d . A m o n g th e se m a y b e
m e n tio n e d th e lo w r a te o f p e n s io n , w h ic h is in su ffic ie n t to s u p p o r t
a n a n n u it a n t . S u c h a c o n d it io n h a s a te n d e n c y to m in im iz e o n e o f
t h e g r e a t a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e s y s te m . T h e s u p e r a n n u a te d e m p lo y e e
is u n w il l in g to r e tir e , a n d o u t o f c o n s id e r a t io n f o r h im h is s u p e r io r
officers m a y , a g a in s t th e ir g o o d j u d g m e n t , a p p r o v e h is r e te n tio n b e ­
y o n d r e tir e m e n t a g e . I t is u n d e r s to o d t h a t th e c o st o f t h e s y s te m is
m u c h le s s t h a n w a s a n t ic ip a t e d , a n d i t is h o p e d t h a t fa v o r a b le c o n ­
s id e r a t io n m a y b e g iv e n to th e in c r e a s e o f th e a m o u n t o f a n n u it ie s .
A n in e q u a lit y in th e a c t is t h a t o f c o m p e llin g e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv in g
o v e r $ 1 ,2 0 0 p e r a n n u m to c o n tr ib u te th e u s u a l p e r c e n ta g e o f th e f u ll
a m o u n t o f t h e ir c o m p e n s a tio n w h ile t h e m a x im u m a n n u it y is t h a t
w h ic h m ig h t b e e a r n e d b y a $ 1 ,2 0 0 c le r k . I n a ll e q u ity i f su c h a l im i ­
t a t i o n is p la c e d o n t h e a n n u it y , a c o m p a r a b le l im it a t io n sh o u ld be
p la c e d o n t h e d e d u c t io n s f r o m h is s a la r y . T h e m a tt e r o f r e fu n d m e n t
o f d e d u c tio n s to e m p lo y e e s le a v in g t h e s e r v ic e h a s b e en a source, o f
c o n s id e r a b le tr o u b le a n d d e la y . U n d e r th e la w su c h d e d u c t io n s can
b e m a d e o n ly a f t e r r e fe r e n c e to a n d t h e n e c e ss a r y o p e r a tio n in th e
im m e d ia t e office o f t h e e m p lo y e e , t h r o u g h th e D e p a r t m e n t h e a d ­
q u a r te r s to th e C iv il S e r v ic e C o m m is s io n , t h e n c e to t h e P e n s io n
O ffice. S im p lif ic a t io n a n d p r o m p tn e s s w o u ld be se c u r e d i f t h e r e ­
f u n d s c o u ld b e m a d e b y th e d is b u r s in g officers b y w h o m t h e d e d u c ­
t io n s w e r e m a d e.
T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s in o p e r a tio n a se c o n d r e tir e m e n t s y s te m fo r
t h e fie ld e m p lo y e e s o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e . T h i s s y s te m is n o n ­
c o n t r ib u t o r y , th e p e n s io n b e in g b a s e d u p o n th e le n g t h o f se r v ic e
a n d a v e r a g e s a la r y d u r in g th e la s t fiv e y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . U n d e r t h is
s y s te m 18 e m p lo y e e s h a v e b e e n r e tir e d d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r w it h an
a v e r a g e p e n s io n o f $ 5 8 8 .2 0 a n d 2 e m p lo y e e s a re b e in g c o n t in u e d b e ­
y o n d r e tir e m e n t a g e.
P R IN T IN G A N D B IN D IN G .

T h e c o s t o f p r i n t i n g a n d b in d in g f o r th e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s
d u r in g th e d e c e n n ia l- c e n su s p e r io d ( J u ly 1, 1 9 1 9 - J u n e 30, 1 9 2 2 ) is
p a id f o r fr o m t h e a p p r o p r ia tio n f o r t h e F o u r t e e n th C e n su s . F o r
th e p r i n t i n g a n d b i n d in g n e e d s o f th e o t h e r b u r e a u s, offices, a n d
s e r v ic e s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t f o r t h e fisc a l y e a r 1921 C o n g r e s s a llo t te d
$ 3 6 5 ,0 0 0 . O f t h is s u m , $ 3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7 w a s e x p e n d e d .

3ü

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

T h e e s tim a t e d c o s t o f u n b ille d a n d u n c o m p le te d w o r k o f th e D e ­
p a r t m e n t a t t h e G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffice o n J u l y 1, 1 9 2 1 , a n d
c h a r g e a b le a g a in s t th e a llo t m e n t f o r 1 9 2 2 , w a s $ 4 4 ,3 2 6 .9 0 , w h ile s u c h
w o r k a t t h e G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffice o n th e sa m e d a te i n 1920
a c t u a lly c o s t $ 47 ,4 7 1 .8 4 .
T h e f o l l o w i n g t a b le s h o w s th e c o s t o f p r i n t i n g a n d b in d in g f o r
e a c h o f t h e se r v ic e s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t , e x c lu s iv e o f t h e B u r e a u o f
t h e C e n su s , d u r in g th e fis c a l y e a r s 1920 a n d 1 9 2 1 , a n d t h e e s tim a te d
c o s t o f th e w o r k o n h a n d b u t n o t c o m p le te d o n J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 1 :

C o st o f w o r k .
B u r e a u , o ff ic e , o r s e r v ic e .

E s t im a t e d
c o s t of
w ork n o t
c o m p le t e d
J u n e 30,
1921.

1920

1921

C h ie f C le r k , a n d D i v i s i o n o f P u b l i c a t i o n s ) .............................. ............

5 1 5 ,5 2 8 .7 3

$ 1 1 ,7 8 5 .7 5

$ 1 ,7 4 3 .7 3

A p p o i n t m e n t D i v i s i o n ............................................................................

4 4 6 .7 7

3 9 8 .7 6

1 0 8 .4 7

D is b u r s i n g O ff ic e ............................ .........................................................

6 2 2 .6 5

7 5 9 .2 0

2 9 .9 4

D i v is io n o f S u p p l i e s ................................................................................

5 0 5 .9 8

58 0 .64

9 4 .0 7

C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y ...........................................................................

3 7 ,4 8 9 .4 8

3 6 ,8 7 3 .0 2

5 ,5 0 1 .6 1

O ffic o o f t h e S e c r e ta r y (S e c r e t a r y , A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y , S o li c it o r ,

B u r e a u o f F i s h e r ie s ..........................................................................................

1 5 ,2 6 3 .5 1

2 2 ,4 3 5 .0 4

2 ,5 3 4 .6 5

B u r e a u o f F o r o ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e ............................................

1 2 7 ,9 0 9 .6 9

1 6 3 ,6 3 9 .2 4

1 8 ,1 3 2 .9 3

B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s ....................................................................................

1 5 ,1 7 0 .0 4

1 6 ,4 9 6 .2 5

2 9 2 .6 7

L ig h t h o u s e S e r v i c e ..................................................................................

5 ,5 0 7 .2 2

8 ,9 1 7 .1 3

1 ,3 8 9 .9 3

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ......................................................................................

2 3 ,8 3 0 .9 5

2 4 ,9 8 7 .7 1

1 8 .3 9

S h ip p in g S e r v i c e ..................................................... . ...............................

5 ,4 9 2 .4 5

9 ,6 5 7 .9 4

3 ,2 5 1 .7 6

R a d i o S e r v i c e , ..........................................................................................

785 .01

9 1 9 .4 9

5 7 2 .3 7

B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s .......................................................................................

29,930.5-4

3 8 ,8 9 9 .3 8

5 ,2 2 4 .9 9

O ffic e o f t h e S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l, S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n
S e r v ic e .............................................................................................................

1 ,4 3 2 .2 6

9 0 6 .1 6

S t e a m b o a t I n s p e c t i o n S e r v ic e ...............................................................

1 4 ,1 9 9 .6 4

1 8 ,9 1 9 .4 0

3 .2 8 8 .1 1

C u s t o m s S e r v ic e ...............................................................................................

5 ,8 8 1 .0 5

8 ,8 2 2 .0 6

2 ,1 4 3 .2 8

T o t a l .........................................................................................................

2 9 9 ,9 9 5 .9 7

3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7

4 4 ,3 2 6 .9 0

E x p e n d it u r e s c h a r g e a b le a g a in s t a l lo t m e n t s fr o m n a t io n a l s e c u r i t y j
a n d d e f e n s e fu n d :
2 ,3 4 2 .9 1
1 5 ,6 0 0 .1 7
T o t a l .............

1 7 ,9 4 3 .0 8

G ran d to ta l.

3 1 7 ,9 3 9 .0 5

3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7

37

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE,

T h e c o s t o f e ac h c la s s o f w o r k d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r s 1020 a n d 1921
is s h o w n in th e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t :
C la s s.

1920

1921

B la n k f o r m s .............................................................................................................................

$ 3 1 ,0 7 0 .3 3

$ 3 0 ,4 1 0 .4 0

R e p o r t s , p a m p h l e t s , e t c .........................................................................................................

2 5 7 ,0 9 2 .1 3

2 9 6 ,2 1 5 .6 7

L e t t e r h e a d s ...............................................................................................................................

3 ,4 6 5 .7 4

3 ,6 3 0 .3 0

E n v e l o p e s ..................................................................................................................................

1 2 7 .52

1 5 0 .7 0

2 9 9 .8 7

1 ,0 7 8 .5 6

I n d e x c a r d s ...............................................................................................................................
M e m o r a n d u m s h e e t s ..............................................................................................................

T o t a l ................................................................................................................................

1 ,6 3 2 .3 9

2 6 1 .7 9

9 6 1 .5 1

3 ,4 4 2 .2 8

1 ,4 2 4 .6 2

3 4 3 .3 6

1 5 ,3 2 0 .1 0

2 0 ,3 3 6 .7 6

5 ,3 6 1 .6 9

7 ,5 2 6 .6 6

1 ,1 8 3 .1 5

1 ,6 0 0 .6 9

3 1 7 ,9 3 9 .0 5

3 6 4 ,9 9 7 .1 7

T h e p u b lic a tio n w o r k o f e a c h B u r e a u o f th e D e p a r t m e n t f o r th e
p a s t tw o fisc a l y e a r s is s u m m a r iz e d in th e f o l l o w i n g t a b le :
--------- s- -----

---- - --- - ............... .............. ......
P u b lic a ­
t io n s .

P agos.

C o p ie s p r in t e d for
D e p a r tm e n t.

C o s t .1

B u r e a u or o flic e .
1920

1921

1920

1921

1920

1921

1920

1921

O ffice o f t h e S e c r e t a r y .........

64

42

1 ,83 0

1 ,6 7 9

135 ,7 50

143 ,22 5

$ 5 ,8 6 2 .0 1

* 4 ,8 4 0 .8 3

B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s ...........

55

137

8 ,63 1

4 ,6 0 0

1 ,3 9 8 ,9 5 1

4 8 2 ,3 19

1 6 0 ,8 6 2.7 6

9 6 ,5 1 0 .6 2

C o a st a n d G e o d e ti c S u r v e y .

49

54

5 ,2 0 5

4 ,20 1

9 2 ,9 0 0

9 2 ,9 9 5

3 1 ,4 5 9 .4 7

3 3 ,7 8 1 .4 0

59

49

1,03 4

3,0-17

5 7 ,4 0 0

7 2 ,9 5 0

1 0 ,8 0 0 .7 «

2 2 ,4 8 3 .4 4
1 4 7 ,3 0 4 .8 5

B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e ..............

465

507

17,961

1 6 ,3 4 0

2 ,2 0 7 ,6 9 0

2 ,1 5 2 ,8 0 5

1 4 7 ,01 1 .2 4

B u r e a u o f L i g h t h o u s e s ........

94

99

3,01 1

3 ,2 0 1

2 7 2 ,8 5 0

2 4 3 ,5 50

1 6 ,2 3 7 .8 2

1 5 ,9 7 0 .1 2

B u r e a u o f N a v i g a t i o n ..........

33

31

3 ,0 6 9

2 ,0 4 0

9 6 ,5 0 0

9 1 ,0 0 0

2 2 ,1 1 7 .2 5

2 4 ,1 5 3 .7 0

135

119

5 ,1 9 6

5 ,8 1 8

2 4 0 ,3 5 0

181 ,90 0

2 4 ,4 9 8 .9 7

3 3 ,1 2 0 .3 9

t e e ..........................................

21

14

808

1 ,32 2

2 2 8 ,7 0 0

193 ,90 0

6 ,5 2 0 .5 3

1 1 ,3 9 6 .8 6

T o t a l .............................

975

1 ,05 2

4 6 ,7 4 5

4 2 ,2 4 8

4 ,7 3 1 ,0 9 1

3 ,6 5 4 ,6 4 4

4 2 5 ,3 7 0 .7 5

3 8 9 ,5 6 8 .2 1

S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v-

____

1 F ig u r e s r e l a te t o p u b lic a t io n s a c t u a l l y d e li v e r e d t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t d u r in g t h e y e a r .

T h e D e p a r t m e n t c o n t in u e d to c o o p e r a te w it h th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t
o f D o c u m e n t s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f it s p u b lic a tio n s o n a s a le s b a sis.
T h e r e is in c r e a s in g e v id e n c e t h a t t h is m e th o d o f d is t r ib u t io n c u r ­
t a il s e x tr a v a g a n c e a n d p r e v e n ts w a s t e fu ln e s s .
T h e f o l l o w i n g s ta t e m e n t , c o m p ile d fr o m fig u r e s f u r n is h e d b y th e
office o f th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts a n d th e C o a s t an d G e o ­

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

38

d e tic S u r v e y , s h o w s t h e e x t e n t t o w h ic h t h e D e p a r t m e n t ’s p u b lic a ­
t io n s w e r e s o ld d u r in g th e p a s t t h r e e fisca l y e a r s :
C o p ie s .

R e c e ip t s .

S a le s .
1919

1920

1921

1919

1920

1921

B y S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts :
A n n u a l s u b s c r ip t io n s ................

2 ,4 7 6 ,9 8 6

2 , &13,658

2 ,3 7 1 ,2 2 8

S 1 9 ,3 0 1 .1 0

$ 1 9 ,1 5 1 .9 0

$ 1 7 ,9 3 4 .4 0

T h r o u g h m is c e lla n e o u s s a l e s . ..

1 1 7 ,19 7

152,314

3 0 0 ,3 7 6

2 3 ,8 2 9 .8 1

3 0 ,6 0 9 .7 5

4 3 ,6 4 9 .9 7

T o t a l ..........................................

2 ,5 9 4 ,1 8 3

2 ,9 9 5 ,9 7 2

2 ,6 7 1 ,6 0 4

4 3 ,1 3 0 .9 1

4 9 ,7 6 1 .6 5

6 1 ,5 8 4 .3 7

2 4 ,6 2 0 .7 1

3 5 ,9 0 2 .4 7

3 6 ,1 0 0 .3 3

6 7 ,7 5 1 .6 2

8 5 ,6 6 4 .1 2

9 7 ,6 8 4 .7 0

B y C o a st a n d

G e o d e t ic S u r v e y :

C o a s t p i l o t s , i n s i d e r o u t e p il o t s ,

G r a n d t o t a l ..............................

DEPARTM ENT

L IB R A R Y .

W ith th e in c r e a s in g a c t iv it ie s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t , t h e r e h a s b een
a n in s is t e n t c a ll u p o n t h e D e p a r t m e n t ’s lib r a r y f o r s e r v ic e , e v e n
e q u a lin g t h e u n u su a l d e m a n d s o f t h e w a r p e r io d . T h e lib r a r y , c o n ­
t a in i n g a p p r o x im a t e ly 10 0 ,0 0 0 v o lu m e s , is t h e d e p o s ito r y f o r th e
m a te r ia l u se d in r e se a r c h w o r k , a n d w it h it s e q u ip m e n t a n d tr a in e d
t h o u g h in su ffic ien t p e r so n n e l is a m o st im p o r ta n t u n it o f th e D e ­
p a r tm e n t.
T h e y e a r ’s r e c o r d o f a d d it io n s to th e lib r a r y w a s 1 ,3 3 5 b o u n d
v o lu m e s a n d 894 p a m p h le ts , c o m p a r e d w it h 1 ,27 7 b o u n d v o lu m e s
a n d 1,597 p a m p h le ts d u r in g th e p r e v io u s y e a r ; 8 0 0 b o o k s w e re rec a ta lo g u e d a n d r e c la ss e d , 1,173 d u p lic a t e s a n d d is c a r d s w e r e d is ­
p o se d o f , t h u s p r o v id in g s p a c e f o r m o re v a lu a b le m a t e r ia l; 4 5 9
b o o k s w e re p r e p a r e d f o r th e b in d e r y , 1,178 w e e k ly a n d m o n t h ly
p e r io d ic a ls a n d 53 official g a z e t t e s w e r e c u r r e n tly r e c e iv e d , r e c o r d e d ,
a n d r o u te d to th e v a r io u s b u r e a u s .
B o o k s b o r r o w e d fr o m t h e
L ib r a r y o f C o n g r e s s a n d o th e r lib r a r ie s n u m b e r e d 4 8 5 .
E x t r e m e c a r e is g iv e n to r e v ie w in g a ll m a te r ia l in o r d e r t h a t it
m a y be m a d e a v a ila b le to th o s e e n g a g e d in s p é c ia l r e se a r c h w o r k .
T h e lib r a r y , in a d d it io n to b e in g a m o st v a lu a b le a d j u n c t to t h e
D e p a r t m e n t , is r e c o g n iz e d a s o n e o f th e f o r e m o s t r e fe r e n c e lib r a r ie s
a n d is m a d e u se o f n o t o n ly b y t h is D e p a r tm e n t b u t b y o th e r G o v ­
e r n m e n t e s ta b lis h m e n t s a n d in d iv id u a ls .
W O R K O F T H E S O L I C I T O R ’S O F F IC E .

D u r in g t h e fis c a l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 30, 1 9 2 1 , 155 c o n tr a c ts t o t a l in g
$ 8 5 0 ,6 0 8 .7 4 , t o g e t h e r w it h 10 c o n t r a c t s o f in d e te r m in a t e a m o u n t s ;
71 le a s e s a m o u n t in g to $ 1 0 6 ,9 9 8 .7 5 ; 2 4 r e v o c a b le lic e n s e s a m o u n t in g
t o $ 2 ,1 2 0 ; 4 d e e d s in t h e su m o f $ 6 2 .6 4 8 ; 85 c o n tr a c t b o n d s a m o u n t ­

REPORT O F 'T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

39

i n g to $ 1 9 6 ,7 5 6 .6 9 ; 80 o fficial b o n d s a m o u n t in g to $ 4 9 5 ,5 0 0 ; a n d i n ­
s u r a n c e p o lic ie s a m o u n t in g t o $ 8 1 5 ,0 0 0 , w e r e e x a m in e d ( a p p r o v e d ,
d is a p p r o v e d , d r a f t e d , r e d r a ft e d , o r m o d if ie d ).
T h e n u m b e r o f l e g a l o p in io n s r e n d e r e d , f o r m a l a n d in f o r m a l
( m e m o r a n d u m ) , t o ta le d 2 6 7 . L e g i s la t iv e m a tt e r s h a n d le d , w liie h
c o n c e r n th e D e p a r t m e n t ( d r a f t in g a n d r e d r a f t in g o f b ills , r e p o r ts
r e la t iv e t h e r e t o , e t c .) , n u m b e r e d 17.
P o w e r o f a t to r n e y c a r d s,
a u t h o r iz in g a g e n t s to e x e c u te o fficial a n d c o n t r a c t b o n d s f o r s u r e ty
c o m p a n ie s e x a m in e d t o t a le d 3 ,6 0 0 . I n a d d it io n , 1 ,34 0 m is c e lla n e o u s
m a tt e r s , e m b r a c in g e v e r y t h in g s u b m it t e d f o r t h e a d v ic e o r s u g g e s ­
t io n o f th e s o lic it o r , o r f o r t h e f o r m u la t io n o f d e p a r t m e n t a l a c tio n ,
n o t in c lu d e d in th e f o r e g o i n g ite m s, w e r e h a n d le d b y t h is office.

A p p e n d ix B .— A B S T R A C T O F R E P O R T O F T H E

D IR E C T O R

OF T H E B U R E A U O F T H E CENSU S.
(W i l l i a m M. S t e t j a r t , Director.)
D E C E N N IA L C E N SU S W O R K .

T h e fisc a l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , -was t h e s e c o n d o f th e t h r e e
y e a r s w h ic h c o n s t it u t e th e d e c e n n ia l- c e n s u s p e r io d a s d e fin e d b y th e
F o u r t e e n t h C e n s u s a c t. W i t h i n t h i s t h r e e -y e a r p e r io d th e r e p o r ts o n
t h e c o m p r e h e n s iv e s t a t i s t i c a l in q u ir ie s c o v e r e d b y t h e c e n s u s m u s t,
i f th e p r o v is io n s o f th e la w a r e c a r r ie d o u t , b e c o m p le te d a n d p u b ­
lis h e d . T h is lim it a t io n o f t im e , o b v io u s ly d e s ig n e d t o p r e v e n t d e la y
o r u n d u e p r o lo n g a t io n o f c e n s u s w o r k a n d in s u r e r e a s o n a b ly p r o m p t
p u b lic a tio n o f th e r e s u lt s , w a s fir st in tr o d u c e d a t t h e T w e l f t h C e n su s ,
ta k e n in t h e y e a r 1900 ; a n d a t t h a t c e n s u s t h e r e q u ir e m e n t o f t h e la w
w a s p r a c t ic a lly , i f n o t l it e r a l l y , c a r r ie d o u t . B u t a t t h e n e x t c e n s u s ,
t h a t o f 1 91 0 , t h e w o r k w a s f a r f r o m b e in g c o m p le t e d w i t h in t h e
c e n s u s p e r io d ; in f a c t , i t w a s c o n t in u e d f o r m o r e t h a n a y e a r a f t e r ­
w a r d s.
E v e r y e ffo r t is b e in g m a d e to c o m p le t e t h e c e n s u s w it h in t h e th r e e y e a r p e r io d in a c c o r d a n c e w it h t h e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f l a w ; a n d th e
p r e s e n t c o n d it io n o f t h e w o r k a n d s t a g e o f p r o g r e s s n o w r e a c h e d
g i v e m e c o n fid e n c e t h a t t h i s p u r p o s e w i l l b e r e a liz e d — a t le a s t t o th e
e x t e n t o f h a v i n g t h e m a n u s c r ip t f o r t h e la s t o f t h e r e p o r ts i n th e
h a n d s o f th e p r in te r b y t h e c lo s e o f th e p e r io d . I t is , h o w e v e r , b y
n o m e a n s a s im p le m a tt e r , e a s y o f a c c o m p lis h m e n t ; a n d p r o b a b ly
f e w p e r s o n s o t h e r t h a n th o s e c o n n e c te d w it h t h e c e n s u s r e a liz e th e
m a g n it u d e o f t h e u n d e r t a k in g a n d th e d iffic u ltie s o f c a r r y in g i t to
c o m p le t io n w i t h in t h e p e r io d p r e s c r ib e d b y la w . I t in v o lv e s th e
p r i n t i n g a n d d is t r ib u t io n o f 1 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 s c h e d u le s o f q u e s t io n s ; th e
o r g a n iz a t io n a n d s u p e r v is io n o f a fo r c e o f o v e r 9 0 ,0 0 0 e n u m e r a to r s
a n d s p e c ia l a g e n t s e m p lo y e d to m a k e a h o u s e -to -h o u s e c a n v a s s o f
t h e e n t ir e U n it e d S t a t e s — i n c lu d in g a ll th e o u t ly i n g p o s s e s s io n s e x ­
c e p t th e P h i l ip p in e s a n d t h e V i r g in I s la n d s — a n d to f ill o u t s c h e d u le s
f o r 1 0 7,5 0 0,0 0 0 p e o p le , 0 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 fa r m s , a n d 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 m a n u f a c t u r in g
e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; t h e p u n c h in g o f 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 t a b u la t io n c a r d s ; th e
r u n n in g o f th e e q u iv a le n t o f o v e r 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 c a r d s t h r o u g h e le c 40

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

41

t r ic a l s o r t in g a n d t a b u la t in g m a c h in e s ; t h e c o m p u ta t io n o f s e v e r a l
m illio n p e r c e n ta g e s ; t h e p r e p a r a tio n o f e la b o r a te m a n u s c r ip t t a b le s ;
a n d , f in a lly , t h e p r i n t i n g a n d p u b lic a tio n o f 11 q u a r to v o lu m e s o f
a b o u t 1.000 p a g e s ea c h .
T h e e n u m e r a tio n o f th e p o p u la t io n a n d th e c o lle c t io n o f t h e s t a ­
t is t ic s o f a g r ic u lt u r e a n d m a n u f a c t u r e s f o r th e F o u r t e e n th C e n su s
g a v e e m p lo y m e n t to a field fo r c e o f 9 4 ,1 4 0 s u p e r v is o r s , e n u m e r a to r s ,
s p e c ia l a g e n t s , a n d c le r k s . V i r t u a ll y t h is e n tir e fo r c e w a s s e le c te d ,
in s tr u c t e d , a n d o r g a n iz e d , c o m p le te d its w o r k , a n d w a s p a id a n d
d is b a n d e d w it h in 12 m o n th s . T h e e x p e n d itu r e s f o r fie ld w o r k
a m o u n te d to $ 1 1 ,4 7 9 ,3 9 0 .
A s th e field w o r k a p p r o a c h e d c o m p le t io n th e office fo r c e w a s a u g ­
m e n te d , th e p e a k b e in g r e a c h e d on A u g u s t 3 1 , 1 9 2 0 , w h e n th e r e
w e r e 6,301 e m p lo y e e s , in c lu d in g s t a t is t ic ia n s , c le r k s , a n d m a c h in e
o p e r a tiv e s a t w o r k in th e B u r e a u . T h is f o r c e w a s e n g a g e d in th e
e x a m in a t io n a n d t a b u la t io n o f th e r e tu r n s a n d in t h e p r e p a r a tio n o f
t h e b u lle t in s a n d r e p o r ts .
T h e p o p u la t io n o f C o n tin e n t a l U n it e d S t a t e s , a s r e p o r te d f o r th e
c e n su s o f 1920, w a s 1 0 5 ,7 1 0 ,6 2 0 , a n in c r e a se o f 1 3 ,7 3 8 ,3 5 4 o v e r th e
p o p u la t io n in 1910. T h is in c r e a se in p o p u la t io n w a s a c c o m p a n ie d
b y in c r e a s e s in m a n u f a c t u r e s a n d a g r ic u lt u r e , w h ic h a d d e d m a te ­
r ia lly to t h e m a g n it u d e a n d c o m p le x it y o f t h e c e n s u s w o r k . T h e
in c r e a s e in t h e office w o r k h a s b e e n c a r e d f o r b y a la r g e r n u m b e r o f
c le r k s t h a n a t p r io r c e n s u s e s , a n d a ls o b y th e in tr o d u c t io n o f im ­
p r o v e d m e th o d s a n d th e m o r e g e n e r a l u se o f m a c h in e r y .
I n a d d it io n to C o n tin e n t a l U n it e d S t a te s , th e c e n s u s c o v e r e d
A la s k a , H a w a i i, P o r t o E i c o , G u a m , S a m o a , a n d th e P a n a m a C a n a l
Z o n e. A c e n s u s o f t h e V i r g in I s la n d s w a s t a k e n b y th e C e n su s
B u r e a u in 1 9 1 7 , a n d a c e n s u s o f th e P h i l i p p i n e I s la n d s w a s t a k e n in
1 91 8 u n d e r th e a u t h o r it y o f th e lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t.
TA BULATIO N OF C E N SU S DATA.

T h e t a b u la tio n a n d p r e p a r a tio n f o r p u b lic a tio n o f th e g r e a t m a ss
o f d a t a r e tu r n e d o n t h e m il li o n s o f s c h e d u le s se c u r e d b y t h e e n u ­
m e r a to r s a n d s p e c ia l a g e n t s o c c u p ie d th e a t te n t io n o f p r a c t ic a lly
t h e e n t ir e fo r c e o f th e B u r e a u in W a s h in g t o n d u r in g th e fis c a l y e a r .
T h is w o r k , o f c o u r se , m u s t b e c o n tin u e d u n t il th e e n d o f t h e c e n su s
p e r io d , J u n e 3 0, 1922. I t i s h o p e d t h a t b y t h a t t im e th e m a jo r p o r ­
t io n o f t h e F o u r t e e n th C e n s u s r e p o r ts w ill h a v e b e e n p r in te d a n d
d is tr ib u t e d a n d t h a t t h e m a n u s c r ip t f o r t h e r e m a in d e r w ill b e i n
t h e p r i n t i n g office.
N o t w it h s t a n d in g t h e g r e a t in c r e a s e in o u r p o p u la t io n a n d in d u s ­
t r ie s , th e r e h a s b e e n , o n t h e w h o le , v e r y l i t t l e , i f a n y , d e c r e a se in

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th e a m o u n t o f d e t a il c o v e r e d b y th e c e n su s. T h e r e is a c o n s ta n t
d e m a n d f o r s p e c ific in fo r m a tio n r e la t iv e n o t o n ly t o th e a g g r e g a te
p o p u la t io n b u t to th e v a r io u s e le m e n ts c o m p o s in g t h is a g g r e g a te .
W h i le i t is im p o s s ib le f o r th e C e n s u s B u r e a u to c o lle c t a ll th e i n ­
f o r m a t io n d e s ir e d , i t e n d e a v o r s to c o v e r t h e m o re im p o r t a n t i n ­
q u ir ie s ; b u t i f im p r o v e d m e t h o d s o f t a b u la tio n h a d n o t b e e n in t r o ­
d u c e d , it w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le f o r th e B u r e a u to ta b u la te a n d p r e s e n t
t h e d e t a ils n o w c o n ta in e d in i t s r e p o r ts .
T h e s c h e d u le s r e c o r d in g th e a n s w e r s to th e v a r io u s in q u ir ie s w h ic h
w e r e m a d e r e g a r d in g e a c h in d iv id u a l, e a c h f a r m , e a c h i r r ig a t io n o r
d r a in a g e e n t e r p r is e , e a c h m a n u f a c t u r in g o r f o r e s t -p r o d u c t s e s ta b ­
lis h m e n t, a n d e a c h m in e , q u a r r y , o r o i l o r g a s w e ll w e r e c a r e f u lly
e x a m in e d b y t h e c le r k s in th e C e n su s B u r e a u t o d e te c t e r r o r s, o m is ­
s io n s , a n d in c o n s is te n c ie s . A f t e r t h is e x a m in a t io n h a d b e e n c o m ­
p le t e d a n d th e n e c e ss a r y c o r r e c tio n s h a d b e e n m a d e — in v o lv i n g th e
r e tu r n o f t h e s c h e d u le s in so m e in s ta n c e s — a c a r d w a s p u n c h e d f o r
e a c h p e r s o n e n u m e r a te d a n d f o r e a c h fa r m , e n t e r p r is e , e s t a b lis h ­
m e n t, e tc ., c o v e r e d b y t h e c e n su s. T h e h o le s p u n c h e d in th e s e c a r d s
e n a b le t h e B u r e a u , b y t h e u se o f e le c tr ic m a c h in e r y , to t a b u la te th e
fig u r e s a n d p r e s e n t th e r e s u lt s in a g r e a t m a n y in s t r u c t iv e g r o u p in g s
a n d c la s s ific a tio n s . I t r e q u ir e d 3 0 1 ,2 5 5 ,4 1 7 p u n c h e d c a r d s to r e c o r d
f o r t a b u la tio n a ll th e d a ta o b t a in e d b y th e c e n s u s , a n d in -ord er to
p r o d u c e th e v a r io u s c o m b in a tio n s a n d c la s s ific a tio n s o f th e s t a t is t ic s
it w a s n e c e ss a r y f o r th e c a r d s to p a s s t h r o u g h t h e v a r io u s m a c h in e s
m o r e t h a n o n c e — in m a n y in s ta n c e s 16 tim e s . T h is m a c h in e w o r k
r e p r e s e n ts , t h e r e f o r e , t h e p a s s a g e o f t h e e q u iv a le n t o f 2 ,0 2 2 ,6 0 1 ,8 5 0
c a r d s t h r o u g h th e v a r io u s s o r t in g a n d t a b u la t in g m a c h in e s .
M a n y o f t h e m a c h in e s u s e d in t h is c e n s u s w e r e o f a k in d in v e n te d
a n d d e v e lo p e d b y th e e m p lo y e e s o f t h e B u r e a u — so m e w e r e a c tu a lly
c o n s tr u c te d in t h e B u r e a u ’s m e c h a n ic a l la b o r a to r y , a n d a ll t h e r e ­
p a ir s a n d p a r t s f o r r e p la c e m e n t h a v e b e e n m a d e in t h i s la b o r a to r y .
O n e o r t w o in v e n to r s a r e n o w a t w o r k p e r f e c t in g a n d im p r o v in g
th e se m a c h in e s f o r u se a t s u b s e q u e n t c e n s u s e s a n d f o r u se b y th e
F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t g e n e r a lly in t h e t a b u la tio n o f s t a t is t ic s .
I
c o n s id e r i t v e r y im p o r t a n t t h a t t h e m a c h in e r y a c c u m u la te d in th e
C e n s u s B u r e a u s h o u ld b e u t iliz e d in th e c la s s o f w o r k f o r w h ic h i t
is e s p e c ia lly d e s ig n e d ; a n d I a m o f th e o p in io n , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t so
f a r a s p o s s ib le th e s t a t is t ic a l w o r k o f th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t s h o u ld
b e c o n c e n tr a t e d in t h is B u r e a u , a n d th e c o n s tr u c tio n a n d d e v e lo p ­
m e n t o f m a c h in e r y o f t h is c la s s b e e n c o u r a g e d a n d c o n t in u e d d u r in g
t h e p e r io d s in t e r v e n in g b e tw e e n c e n su se s.
T h e w o r k o n p o p u la t io n a n d v ita l s t a t is t ic s r e q u ir e d 35 h ig h - s p e e d
e le c tr ic t a b u la to r s , c a p a b le o f o p e r a t in g a t th e r a te o f 4 0 0 c a r d s p e r
m in u te a n d r e c o r d in g 60 ite m s a t a tim e on e a c h c a r d . T h e s e a r e

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

o w n e d b y th e C e n su s B u r e a u .

43

I n a d d it io n , th e B u r e a u lia s r e n te d

fr o m th e T a b u la t in g M a c h in e C o . 79 s o r t in g a n d 78 t a b u la t in g m a ­
c h in e s ; h a s r e n te d , p u r c h a s e d , o r c o n s tr u c te d 1.544 c a r d -p u n c h in g
m a c h in e s : a n d h a s p u r c h a s e d 122 a d d in g a n d c a lc u la t in g m a c h in e s
t o s u p p le m e n t t h e 152 a lr e a d y o w n e d , to s a v n o t h i n g o f t h e la r g e
n u m b e r it h a s b e en n e c e ss a r y to r e n t fr o m t im e t o tim e . M a n y o f
th e m a c h in e s h a v e b e e n in o p e r a tio n o n t w o s h i f t s , d a y a n d n ig h t .
W i t h t h is e q u ip m e n t t h e B u r e a u w a s a b le to m a k e m u c h m o r e r a p id
p r o g r e s s in th e t a b u la t io n o f th e d a ta th a n a t a n y p r e c e d in g c e n su s.
I f e e l t h a t th e p u r c h a s e a n d u se o f s im ila r e q u ip m e n t b y o th e r F e d ­
e r a l offices in W a s h in g t o n s h o u ld b e d is c o u r a g e d , a n d t h a t a ll s t a t i s ­
t ic a l w o r k o f a n y m a g n it u d e in w h ic h m a c h in e r y c a n be u t iliz e d to
a d v a n t a g e sh o u ld be c o n c e n tr a te d in t h e C e n su s B u r e a u .
REDUCTION OF T H E FORCE.

N o o t h e r b r a n c h o f th e G o v e r n m e n t, in t im e s o f p e a c e , h a s a s
d iffic u lt a p r o b le m o f o r g a n iz a t io n , r a p id w o r k , a n d d is b a n d m e n t a s
t h e C e n su s B u r e a u . S in c e th e f a l l o f 1919 m o re t h a n 100,000 p e o p le
h a v e b een a p p o in t e d , in s tr u c t e d , su p e r v is e d so a s to r u s h th e w o r k ,
n o t w i t h s t a n d in g th e s h o r t te r m o f e m p lo y m e n t, an d th e n d is c h a r g e d .
W h e n 1 w a s p la c e d in c h a r g e o f th e D e p a r t m e n t , t h e B u r e a u h a d
p a s s e d t h r o u g h m o st o f th e se s ta g e s o f its w o r k a n d h a d a r r iv e d a t
w h a t, in so m e r e sp e c ts , is t h e m o st d iffic u lt p e r io d , a s it in v o lv e s t h e
c o m p le t io n o f its r e p o r ts a n d th e d is p e n s in g w ith th e s e r v ic e s o f t h e
b e s t, m o st s k i l l f u l , a n d m o st h i g h l y tr a in e d o f its t e m p o r a r y e m ­
p lo y e e s . A t m y r e q u e st th e D ir e c t o r h a s a d o p t e d w h a t s e e m s to m e
to b e a n e q u ita b le a n d b u s in e s s lik e m e th o d o f p r o c e d u r e f o r t h e d i s ­
m is s a l o f th e r e m a in in g e m p lo y e e s w h o c a n not b e p a s s e d in to th e
r e g u la r s ta f f o f th e B u r e a u w h e n t h e c e n s u s p e r io d is o v e r .
TH E

A P P O R T IO N S !E N T .

T h e e n u m e r a tio n o f th e p o p u la t io n f o r th e p u r p o s e o f e s t a b lis h in g
t h e n u m b e r o f r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s e a c h S t a t e s h a ll h a v e in C o n g r e s s is
t h e m a in p u r p o s e o f th e c e n s u s r e fe r r e d to in th e C o n s t itu t io n . T h e
S t a t e t o t a ls f o r u se a s a b a s is f o r th e a p p o r t io n m e n t w e r e fu r n is h e d
to C o n g r e s s in a m p le t im e to m e e t a ll its r e q u ir e m e n ts. T h e C e n su s
B u r e a u a ls o a s s is t e d t h e c o m m itt e e s o f th e S e n a t e a n d H o u s e o f
R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s in d e v i s i n g v a r io u s m e t h o d s o f a p p o r t io n m e n t t h a t
c o u ld b e u se d a n d in p r e p a r in g a p p o r t io n m e n t ta b le s . A s a r e s u lt
t w o b ills h a v e b e en in tr o d u c e d b y th e C e n su s C o m m itte e o f th e
H o u s e . T h e fir st, w h ic h w a s in tr o d u c e d a t th e S i x t y - s i x t h C o n g r e s s
b u t f a ile d o f e n a c tm e n t, fix e d th e n u m b e r o f R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s a t 4 8 3 .
T h e s e c o n d , r e c e n t ly in tr o d u c e d at the. s p e c ia l s e s s io n o f th e S i x t y s e v e n t h C o n g r e s s , p r o v id e s f o r 460.

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A N N U A L A N D O T H E R I N Q U I R I E S N O T I N C L U D E D IN T H E D E C E N N I A L
CEN SUS.

I n a d d it io n to th e d e c e n n ia l- c e n su s w o r k , th e B u r e a u ’s d u t ie s i n ­
c lu d e th e c o n d u c t o f a n n u a l in q u ir ie s c o v e r in g S t a t e a n d m u n ic ip a l
fin a n c e s, a n d b ir th s a n d d e a th s in t h e r e g is t r a t io n a r e a s; q u a r te r ly
in q u ir ie s o n to b a c c o s to c k s , a n d f a t s a n d o i ls ; m o n t h ly in q u ir ie s a s t o
s to c k s o f h id e s a n d le a t h e r , a c tiv e a n d id le w o o l m a c h in e r y , n u m b e r
o f a c tiv e c o tt o n s p in d le s , c o n s u m p tio n a n d s to c k s o f c o t t o n ; a n d p r o ­
d u c tio n , c o n s u m p tio n , a n d s to c k s o f c o tt o n se e d a n d c o tt o n s e e d p r o d ­
u c t s ; a n d s e m im o n t h ly c a n v a s s e s , m a d e d u r in g t h e g i n n i n g season *
to a s c e r ta in t h e a m o u n ts o f c o tt o n g in n e d to s p e c ifie d d a te s.
A M O N T H L Y SU R V E Y O F C U R R E N T B U S IN E S S .

D u r i n g th e la t t e r p a r t o f th e fisc a l y e a r I a s s ig n e d to t h e B u r e a u
th e w o r k o f c o m p ilin g s t a t is t ic s f o r a m o n t h ly r e p o r t t o s h o w t h e
c u r r e n t t r e n d s o f b u sin e ss a n d in d u s t r y t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n tr y .
T h is m o n t h ly r e p o r t w i l l, I b e lie v e , b e v e r y u s e f u l to t h e b u s in e s s
p u b lic a n d in so m e m e a su r e f u r n is h in f o r m a t io n w h ic h w i l l h e lp t o
s t a b iliz e in d u s t r y .
V IT A L

S T A T IS T IC S .

F o r m o r e t h a n 2 0 y e a r s th e B u r e a u h a s b ee n f o s t e r in g th e a d o p t io n
b y S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s o f a n a p p r o v e d la w f o r th e r e g is t r a t io n o f
b ir th s a n d d e a th s . A s r a p id ly a s th e S t a t e s e n a c t t h is la w a n d g i v e
s a t is f a c t o r y e v id e n c e o f a d e q u a te e n f o r c e m e n t o f i t s p r o v is io n s , t h e y
a r e in c lu d e d in th e F e d e r a l r e g is t r a t io n a r ea . L a r g e ly t h r o u g h t h e
e ffo r ts o f th e B u r e a u t h is a r ea h a s b e e n e x te n d e d fr o m y e a r to y e a r
u n t il f o r d e a th s it n o w c o n t a in s 8 2 .2 p e r c e n t o f t h e p o p u la t io n o f t h e
e n t ir e c o u n t r y , a n d f o r b ir th s 65.1 p e r c e n t. T h e c o lle c t io n o f v i t a l
s t a t is t ic s is o n e o f th e m o st im p o r t a n t o f th e r e g u la r a n n u a l i n v e s t i ­
g a t io n s o f th e B u r e a u , a n d n o t w it h s t a n d in g th e g r e a t m a ss o f w o r k
in v o lv e d in th e d e c e n n ia l c e n s u s , i t h a s b e e n c a r r ie d o n w it h o u t in t e r ­
r u p tio n d u r in g th e c e n su s p e r io d . I t is h o p e d t h a t t h r o u g h th e i n ­
s t r u m e n t a lit y o f t h e C e n su s B u r e a u a ll th e S t a t e s w i l l e v e n t u a lly
a d o p t th e m o d e l la w f o r th e r e g is t r a t io n o f b ir th s a n d d e a th s a n d
w i l l p r o v id e p r o p e r m a c h in e r y f o r i t s e n fo r c e m e n t.
T h e B u r e a u h a s p u b lis h e d 2 0 a n n u a l r e p o r ts g i v i n g d e t a ile d s t a ­
t is t ic s o f d e a th s in th e v a r io u s S t a t e s a n d c it ie s , 5 a n n u a l r e p o r ts
c o n t a in in g d e t a ile d s t a t is t ic s o f b ir th s , a n d a v o lu m e o f l i f e ta b le s
s h o w in g e x p e c ta t io n o f l i f e a n d o th e r d a ta f o r th e p o p u la t io n o f
c e r ta in S t a te s . I n a d d it io n i t h a s c o m p le te d th e c o p y fo r a s e c o n d
v o lu m e o f l i f e t a b le s , w h ic h w i l l c o m p r is e t h e o r ig in a l t a b le s , c e r ta in
t a b le s f o r f o r e ig n c o u n t r ie s , a n d a d e t a ile d e x p la n a t io n o f t h e
m e th o d s e m p lo y e d in c o m p u t in g t h e A m e r ic a n ta b le s . T h e B u r e a u
a lso p u b lis h e s th e W e e k ly H e a lt h I n d e x , w h ic h s h o w s th e t o ta l n u m ­

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b e r o f d e a th s , n u m b e r o f d e a th s o f i n f a n t s , a n d th e in f a n t - m o r t a li t y
r a te s f o r (iG la r g e c it ie s in t h e d e a t h - r e g is t r a t io n a r ea .
F IN A N C IA L !

S T A T IS T IC S

OF

STA TES

AND

C IT IE S .

B e c a u s e o f th e h e a v y d e m a n d s u p o n th e r e so u r c e s o f t h e B u r e a u in
c o n n e c tio n w i t h t h e w o r k o f t h e d e c e n n ia l c e n s u s , t h e r e g u la r a n ­
n u a l c o m p ila t io n o f s t a t is t ic s f o r th e fin a n c ia l t r a n s a c t io n s o f S t a te s
a n d c it ie s w a s o m it te d in 1920 a n d n o r e p o r t p u b lis h e d f o r t h a t
y e a r , b u t t h e w o r k h a s n o w b e e n r e su m e d a n d d a ta a r e b e in g c o l­
le c t e d f o r t h e fis c a l y e a r 1921.
T h e c o m p ila t io n o f “ o fficial ”
s t a t i s t i c s o f c it ie s b y t h e C o m m is s io n e r o f L a b o r w a s a u t h o r iz e d b y
a c t o f C o n g r e s s in 1 8 9 8 ; a n d in 1903 t h is w o r k w a s t r a n s f e r r e d to
t h e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s. I t h a s b e e n t h e p r a c tic e to h a v e s p e c ia l
a g e n t s v i s i t e a c h S t a t e a n d c it y a n d c o m p ile th e se s t a t i s t i c s fr o m th e
b o o k s o f t h e a u d it o r s , t a x c o lle c to r s , a n d o th e r f in a n c ia l officers,
a lt h o u g h w h e n th e a c t a u t h o r iz in g t h is in q u ir y w a s p a s s e d i t se e m s
t o h a v e b ee n t h e e x p e c ta t io n t h a t t h e d a ta c o u ld b e c o m p ile d o r
a b s tr a c te d f r o m th e p u b lis h e d r e p o r ts o f c it y d e p a r tm e n ts . B u t
t h is w a s f o u n d im p r a c t ic a b le b e c a u s e o f th e la c k o f u n if o r m it y in
th e r e p o r ts a n d in m a n y c a s e s th e la c k o f a n y r e p o r ts w h a te v e r .
T h e w o r k h a s n o w b e e n c a r r ie d o n b y t h e B u r e a u f o r a b o u t 18
y e a r s , a n d 23 d e t a ile d a n n u a l r e p o r ts h a v e b e e n p u b lis h e d . T h e y
c o v e r t h e a n n u a l fin a n c ia l tr a n s a c t io n s o f a ll S t a t e s a n d o f a l l c it ie s
w it h a p o p u la t io n o f 3 0 ,0 0 0 o r o v e r . T h e c it ie s c o n te n d t h a t th e
r e p o r ts a r e o f g r e a t v a lu e t o th e m , h a v in g b e e n o f s p e c ia l a s s is ta n c e
in th e d e t e c t io n o f a n tiq u a te d m e th o d s a n d e x t r a v a g a n t p r a c tic e s ;
a n d th e s t a t is t ic s h a v e b e e n u s e d e x t e n s iv e ly in t h e d is c u s s io n o f
s y s te m s o f t a x a t io n a n d h a v e b e e n o f v a lu e in p r o m o t in g t h e a d o p tio n
o f im p r o v e d m e th o d s o f a c c o u n t in g o r o t h e r r e fo r m s.
I f t h e f in a n c ia l s t a t i s t i c s a re o f s u c h v a lu e to t h e c it ie s , i t w o u ld
se e m t h a t t h e y s h o u ld b e a r a t le a s t a p a r t o f th e e x p e n s e o f t h e p r e p ­
a r a tio n o f th e r e p o r ts ; a n d a c t in g o n m y in s tr u c t io n s , th e D ir e c t o r
h a s m a d e a ' r a d ic a l c h a n g e in th e o r g a n iz a t io n o f t h is w o r k a n d is
a r r a n g in g f o r t h e c it ie s to f u r n is h t h e d a ta , t h u s e f f e c t in g a c o n ­
s id e r a b le s a v in g i n t h e a n n u a l e x p e n d it u r e s o f t h e B u r e a u . T h e
c i t i e s t h a t d o n o t a t t a c h su ffic ie n t im p o r ta n c e to t h e s t a t i s t i c s t o
j u s t i f y th e m in s u p p ly i n g t h e d a ta w i l l b e o m it t e d f r o m t h e r e p o r ts .
W h i le s u c h o m is s io n s w i l l b e u n f o r t u n a t e , I f e e l t h a t t h e c it ie s a lo n e
w i l l b e r e s p o n s ib le , a s t h e r e p o r ts a r e p r im a r ily f o r t h e ir b e n e fit.
T h e a n n u a l e x p e n d itu r e s f o r th e fie ld w o r k o n t h is in q u ir y n o w
a m o u n t t o a b o u t $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 . T h e c it i e s h a v e h a d a m p le t im e to a d o p t
a s ta n d a r d c la s s ific a tio n o f r e v e n u e s a n d e x p e n d it u r e s a s r e c o m ­
m e n d e d b y t h e B u r e a u ; a n d I a m in fo r m e d t h a t t h e r e is n o d iffe r e n c e
o f o p in io n a b o u t t h e d e s ir a b ilit y o f th e a d o p t io n o f s u c h a c la s s ifie s -

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REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

t io n . I t s a d o p t io n a n d th e p r o m p t r e sp o n s e o f t h e c it ie s to th e r e ­
q u e s t o f th e C e n su s B u r e a u f o r a n n u a l r e p o r ts w i l l in su r e th e c o n ­
t in u a n c e o f th e se v a lu a b le p u b lic a tio n s .
C E N SU S P U B L IC A T IO N S.

T h e v a lu e o f c e n s u s d a ta is e n h a n c e d b y t h e ir e a r ly p u b lic a t io n ,
a n d e v e r y e ffo r t h a s b e en m a d e a t t h is c e n s u s to p u b lis h t h e f ig u r e s
a s p r o m p t ly a s p o s s ib le . W it h in a s h o r t t im e a f t e r t h e r e c e ip t o f
th e s c h e d u le s c o n t a in in g th e e n u m e r a tio n o f th e p o p u la t io n in a n y
d e fin e d a r e a , su c h a s a c it y o r c o u n t y , a p r e lim in a r y c o u n t w a s m a d e
a n d th e to ta l p o p u la t io n a n n o u n c e d . T h e a g g r e g a t e p o p u la t io n f o r
th e e n t ir e c o u n tr y w a s a n n o u n c e d o n O c to b e r 7, 1 9 2 0 , o n ly a l i t t l e
m o re th a n n in e m o n th s fr o m th e d a te ( J a n . 2, 1 9 2 0 ) o n w h ic h t h e
e n u m e r a tio n sta r te d .
T h e B u r e a u h a s b ee n a b le to a n n o u n c e t h e fig u r e s a t e a r lie r d a t e s ,
r e la t iv e ly , th a n a t a n y p r e c e d in g c e n su s. I t h a s a ls o a d o p te d t h e
p o lic y o f g i v i n g th e p u b lic im m e d ia t e ly , t h r o u g h th e n e w s p a p e r s ,
th e d a t a o b ta in e d o n v a r io u s t o p ic s t h a t h a v e h e r e to f o r e b e e n b u r ie d
in th e v o lu m in o u s fin a l r e p o r ts, w h ic h a r e n o t iss u e d u n t il n e a r th e
e n d o f th e c e n s u s p e r io d . F o l l o w i n g t h is p o lic y , i t h a s d is tr ib u te d ,
a s r a p id ly a s th e fig u r e s w e r e a v a ila b le , s h o r t s ta t e m e n t s g i v in g ,
f o r e a c h S t a t e a n d f o r m a n y c o u n t ie s a n d c it ie s , th e s e x , n a t io n a lit y ,
a g e , s c h o o l a tte n d a n c e , p r e v a le n c e o f illit e r a c y , o c c u p a tio n g r o u p s ,
a n d o th e r f e a t u r e s o f t h e p o p u la t io n , a ls o s t a t is t ic s o f a g r ic u lt u r e ,
ir r ig a t io n , d r a in a g e , m a n u fa c tu r e s , a n d m in in g . D u r i n g th e y e a r
t h e r e w e r e d is tr ib u t e d 6 ,2 18 s ta t e m e n t s o f t h is c h a r a c te r . T h e s e
w e re m im e o g r a p h e d a n d g iv e n o u t to n e w s p a p e r r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s in
W a s h in g t o n , w h o , a s a r u le , t e le g r a p h e d th e f a c t s to lo c a l p a p e r s
t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n tr y .
A f t e r th e p u b lic a tio n o f th e n e w s p a p e r s ta t e m e n t s t h e f ig u r e s f o r
e a c h S t a t e w e re a s se m b le d a n d p u b lis h e d in p r in te d b u lle t in s . O n e
h u n d r e d a n d t w e n t y -o n e s u c h b u lle t in s , g i v i n g s t a t is t ic s o f p o p u la ­
t io n , a g r ic u lt u r e , ir r ig a t io n , d r a in a g e , m a n u f a c t u r e s , a n d m in in g
w e r e p u b lis h e d d u r in g th e y e a r . T h e s e b u lle t in s h a d a n a g g r e g a t e
e d it io n o f 3 2 5 ,3 5 0 c o p ie s. I n a d d it io n t h e r e w e r e p u b lis h e d 132
s ta t e m e n t s a n d b u lle t in s p r e s e n tin g t h e r e p o r ts o n th e B u r e a u ’s r e g u ­
la r a n n u a l, m o n th ly , a n d s e m im o n th ly in q u ir ie s.
T h e c o p y f o r th e fir s t o f th e 11 q u a r to v o lu m e s t h a t w i l l c o n s tit u te
th e fin a l r e p o r ts o f th e F o u r te e n th C e n su s w a s s e n t to th e p r in te r
b e fo r e th e c lo s e o f th e fis c a l y e a r , a n d w i l l b e r e a d y f o r d is tr ib u t io n
at a n e a r ly d a te . I t s h o w s th e p o p u la t io n o f S t a t e s , c o u n tie s , c it ie s ,,
w a r d s, t o w n s , v illa g e s , t o w n s h ip s , a n d o th e r p o lit ic a l s u b d iv is io n s .
I t is t h e b a s ic v o lu m e o f t h e c e n s u s r e p o r ts, a n d t h e B u r e a u is to b e
c o n g r a tu la t e d u p o n it s e a r ly p u b lic a tio n . T h e r e m a in in g v o lu m e s .

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■will c o n s is t in p a r t o f b o u n d s e r ie s o f S t a t e b u lle t in s , m a n y o f w h ic h
h a v e a lr e a d y b e e n p r in t e d , w h ile c o p y f o r t h e o th e r s is b e in g se n t
th e p r in te r a s r a p id ly a s t h e fig u r e s c a n b e e s ta b lis h e d . I n a d d it io n
t o th e f u l l r e p o r ts a n o c ta v o a b s tr a c t o f a b o u t 1,000 p a g e s w i l l b e
issu e d . I t i s t h e d e s ir e o f t h e D ir e c t o r o f t h e C e n su s to h a v e th e
c o m p le te c o p y f o r a ll t h e r e p o r ts in t h e P r i n t i n g O ffice b e fo r e J u n e
3 0 , 1 92 2, w h e n t h e c e n su s p e r io d o f t h r e e y e a r s t e r m in a te s . T o a c ­
c o m p lis h t h is i t h a s b ee n n e c e ss a r y f o r h im to d e p a r t in so m e im ­
p o r t a n t r e sp e c ts fr o m t h e fo r m o f th e p u b lic a tio n s o f t h e T h ir t e e n t h
C e n su s. I n m a k in g th e se c h a n g e s h e h a s h a d t h e a d v ic e a n d a s s is t ­
a n c e o f a n a d v is o r y c o m m itt e e o f e m in e n t e c o n o m is ts a n d s t a t i s ­
t ic ia n s .1
P R E S E R V A T IO N O F R E C O R D S.

A fire in t h e D e p a r t m e n t b u ild in g d e s tr o y e d a p o r t io n o f t h e
c e n s u s r e c o r d s, a n d a la r g e p a r t o f th e s e r e c o r d s is s t i l l s to r e d in
n o n f ir e p r o o f b u ild in g s . T h e ir d e s tr u c t io n , e s p e c ia lly i f i t in c lu d e d
th e s c h e d u le s o f a c e n s u s n o t y e t c o m p le te d , w o u ld r e su lt in a lo s s o f
m a n y m illio n s t o t h e G o v e r n m e n t— o n e t h a t i t w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le
t o r e p la c e . T h e lo s s o f th e s c h e d u le s o f p r e v io u s c e n s u s e s c a n n o t,
o f c o u r se , b e m e a s u r e d in te r m s o f m o n e y , b u t in v ie w o f t h e ir v a lu e
a s h is t o r ic a l r e c o r d s i t w o u ld b e a g r e a t a n d ir r e p a r a b le m is f o r t u n e .
A h a ll o f r e c o r d s in w h ic h th e se d o c u m e n ts c a n b e sto r e d a n d c o n ­
v e n ie n t ly e x a m in e d is m o st u r g e n t ly n ee d e d .
T h e c e n s u s s c h e d u le s c o n t a in a v a s t a m o u n t o f u n p u b lis h e d i n f o r ­
m a tio n t h a t is o f g r e a t v a lu e in s t u d y in g th e a g r ic u lt u r a l, in d u s t r ia l,
a n d s o c ia l c o n d itio n s in v a r io u s S t a t e s a n d c it ie s . T h e S t a t e g o v e r n ­
m e n ts o f N e w Y o r k , P e n n s y lv a n ia , a n d A r k a n s a s , a s w e ll a s th e
g o v e r n m e n t s o f so m e o f o u r im p o r ta n t c it ie s , h a v e a t d iff e r e n t t im e s
m a in t a in e d c o r p s o f c le r k s in th e B u r e a u to c o p y s p e c ia l m a te r ia l
fr o m th e se r e co r d s. T h e S e c r e t a r y o f A g r ic u lt u r e h a s r e q u e s te d m e
t o m a k e a n u m b e r o f s p e c ia l t a b u la t io n s a n d to f u r n is h o th e r m a te r ia l
t h a t w i l l b e o f g r e a t a s s is t a n c e in t h e c o n d u c t o f t h e v a r io u s in v e s t i ­
g a t io n s o f a g r ic u lt u r a l c o n d it io n s n o w in p r o g r e s s in h is d e p a r t ­
m e n t. T h e B u r e a u o f I n t e r n a l R e v e n u e , t h e B u r e a u o f P e n s io n s , a n d
o t h e r F e d e r a l offices a r e c o n s t a n t ly c a ll in g o n t h e C e n su s B u r e a u f o r
in f o r m a t io n fr o m i t s s c h e d u le s ; a n d in d iv id u a ls a n d s o c ie t ie s in t e r ­
e s te d in g e n e a lo g ic a l a n d o t h e r r e se a r c h w o r k a re f r e q u e n t ly r e q u e s t­
i n g in f o r m a t io n c o n ta in e d in t h e r e tu r n s o f t h e e a r lie r c e n s u se s. T o
s a t i s f y th e se d e m a n d s a c o r p s o f c le r k s is c o n t in u a lly e m p lo y e d in
s e a r c h in g t h e r e co r d s.
1 T his com m ittee con sists o f W. S. R osslter, Dr. Edwin E. Gay, and P rofs. W alter F.
W lllcox, W esley C. M itchell, Edwin R. A. Seligm an, Carroll W. D oten, and A llyn A . Young.

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REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
C O O P E R A T IO N W IT H

O T H E R BU R EA U S.

I h a v e a s k e d th e d ir e c to r to n e g o t ia t e w it h o th e r s t a t i s t i c a l b u r e a u s
o f th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t w it h a v ie w to m in im iz in g d u p lic a tio n
in s t a t is t ic a l in q u ir ie s.
M a n y c o m p la in t s h a v e b e en r e c e iv e d f r o m m a n u f a c t u r e r s a n d
o th e r s c o n c e r n in g th e n u m e r o u s r e q u e sts m a d e b y F e d e r a l b u r e a u s
f o r s t a t is t ic a l a n d o th e r in fo r m a tio n . T h e s e c o m p la in t s h a v e b een
a c c o m p a n ie d b y t h e s u g g e s t io n t h a t it w o u ld g r e a t ly s i m p l i f y th e
w o r k o f th e G o v e r n m e n t a n d a t th e sa m e t im e r e lie v e b u s in e s s m en
o f a g r e a t d e a l o f a n n o y a n c e i f a r r a n g e m e n ts c o u ld b e m a d e f o r
a ll t h e r e q u e s ts f o r s t a t is t ic a l in fo r m a tio n to c o m e th r o u g h o n e
office.
F o r m a n y y e a r s t h e B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s h a s b e e n e n d e a v o r in g
to a v o id d u p lic a tio n o f in v e s t ig a t io n s a n d a t t h e s a m e t im e t o c o m ­
p l y w it h t h e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f th e la w . I t s w o r k is d u p lic a te d to
so m e e x t e n t , o r a t le a s t in q u ir ie s a r e m a d e f o r s o m e w h a t s im ila r
d a ta , b y a n u m b e r o f o t h e r b u r e a u s, s u c h a s th e G e o lo g ic a l S u r v e y ,
t h e B u r e a u o f M in e s , B u r e a u o f M a r k e ts , F e d e r a l T r a d e C o m m is ­
s io n , U n it e d S t a t e s T a r if f C o m m is s io n , B u r e a u o f C h e m is t r y , a n d
B u r e a u o f C r o p E s t im a t e s . I f e e l c o n fid e n t t h a t in m a n y in s ta n c e s
t h e p e r io d ic in v e s t ig a t io n s o f t h e B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s a r e a ll t h a t
is n e c e ss a r y to m a k e a n d t h a t t h e i n v e s t ig a t io n s o f o th e r b u r e a u s
c o u ld , w it h a d v a n t a g e , b e d is c o n tin u e d ; o r i f s u c h i n v e s t ig a t io n s a re
n e c e ss a r y , t h e y s h o u ld b e a s s ig n e d t o th e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n su s, w h ic h
is e s p e c ia lly e q u ip p e d a n d o r g a n iz e d f o r th e c o lle c t io n a n d p r o m u l­
g a t io n o f s t a t i s t i c a l d a ta .
R E C O M M E N D A T IO N S F O R C H A N G E S I N C E N S U S L A W S A N D M E T H O D S .

T h e D ir e c t o r is o f t h e o p in io n t h a t in o r d e r t o a d v a n c e th e w o r k o f
su b s e q u e n t c e n s u s e s i t w i l l b e n e c e ss a r y t h a t c h a n g e s b e m a d e in t h e
m e t h o d s o f p r o c e d u r e , i f n o t in th e sc o p e o f so m e o f th e in q u ir ie s . F o r
e x a m p le : I t w o u ld h a s te n th e p u b lic a tio n o f th e f ig u r e s f o r th e t o t a l
p o p u la t io n i f t h e s u p e r v is o r s in t h e v a r io u s d is t r ic t s m a d e t h e p r e ­
lim in a r y c o u n t a n d a n n o u n c e d t h e p o p u la t io n , s u b je c t to c o r r e c tio n ,f o r th e p o lit ic a l s u b d iv is io n s o f t h e ir d is tr ic t s . F u r t h e r , h e is o f th e
o p in io n t h a t , so f a r a s t h e s t a t is t ic s o f p o p u la t io n a r e c o n c e r n e d , i t
w a s a m is t a k e to a d v a n c e t h e d a t e o f t h e e n u m e r a tio n fr o m A p r i l 15
( t h e T h ir t e e n t h C e n s u s d a t e ) to J a n u a r y 1. T h i s c h a n g e in th e
la w w a s m a d e a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r ic u lt u r e a n d
o f t h e v a r io u s in te r e s ts m a k in g u s e o f a g r ic u lt u r a l s t a t is t ic s , t h e
id e a b e in g t h a t m o r e a c c u r a te s t a t i s t i c s c o u ld b e o b t a in e d c o n c e r n in g
t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e fa r m s i f t h e c a n v a s s w a s m a d e s h o r t ly a f t e r t h e
e n d o f t h e y e a r to w h ic h i t r e la te d . T h e w e a t h e r d u r in g J a n u a r y ,
h o w e v e r , is a s e r io u s h a n d ic a p t o t h e e n u m e r a to r . I n m a n y in s ta n c e s

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

49

i t d e la y e d th e w o r k a n d m a d e it n e c e ss a r y to ta k e u n u s u a l p r e c a u ­
t io n s to in su r e a c o m p le te c a n v a s s .
M ID D E C E N N IA L E N U M E R A T IO N .

T h e r e w a s su c h a s h i f t i n g o f th e p o p u la t io n j u s t p r io r to a n d f o l ­
l o w i n g t h e c e n su s d a te t h a t th e r e h a s b e e n c o n s id e r a b le d is s a t is f a c ­
t io n w it h th e r e s u lt o f th e c o u n t. I t h a s f r e q u e n tly b e e n c o n te n d e d
t h a t th e d is t r ib u t io n o f th e p o p u la t io n a s s h o w n b y th e r e p o r ts o f
t h e F o u r t e e n t h C e n su s is a b n o r m a l; t h a t p r io r to t h e e n u m e r a tio n
t h e r e w a s a g r e a t m o v e m e n t f r o m r u r a l to u r b a n d is t r ic t s w h ic h
s in c e t h e e n u m e r a tio n h a s b e e n n e u t r a liz e d in la r g e m e a su r e b y a
r e v e r s e m o v e m e n t ; a n d t h a t t h is s h i f t i n g o f th e p o p u la t io n a ffe c te d
th e t o t a ls f o r c e r ta in S t a t e s , th u s in flu e n c in g t h e a p p o r t io n m e n t o f
R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s in C o n g r e ss . T h e C e n s u s C o m m itte e o f th e H o u s e
is n o w c o n s id e r in g th e in tr o d u c t io n o f a b i ll p r o v id in g f o r a n o th e r
e n u m e r a tio n o f th e p o p u la t io n in 1925 o r so m e o th e r y e a r p r io r to
th e n e x t d e c e n n ia l c e n su s. T h is p r o p o s e d le g i s la t io n h a s m y a p ­
p r o v a l.
O F F IC IA L REGISTER.

S in c e 1907 th e B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s h a s b e e n c o m p ilin g b ie n n ia lly
a lis t g i v i n g th e n a m e s o f a n d in f o r m a t io n c o n c e r n in g t h e c iv i li a n
e m p lo y e e s o f t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t e x c e p t th o s e in t h e P o s t a l
S e r v ic e . T h e p r e p a r a tio n an d p u b lic a tio n o f t h is O ffic ia l R e g is t e r
n o w e n t a ils a n e x p e n d itu r e o f a p p r o x im a t e ly $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 . I t se e m s t o
m e t h a t i t a n s w e r s n o im p o r t a n t p u r p o s e ; c e r t a in ly i t s v a lu e d o es
n o t j u s t i f y su c h an e x p e n d itu r e . I h a v e a c c o r d in g ly r e c o m m e n d e d
to C o n g r e s s t h a t a la w b e p a ss e d to d is c o n tin u e th e p r e p a r a tio n o f
th e O fficia l R e g is t e r a f t e r th e p u b lic a tio n o f t h e e d it io n f o r J u l y 1,
1921, a n d to a u th o r iz e th e c o m p ila t io n a n d p u b lic a tio n b ie n n ia lly b y
th e B u r e a u o f th e C e n su s o f s t a t is t ic s o f th e c iv i li a n p e r s o n n e l o f
th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t.
C O T T O N U SE D I N M A N U F A C T U R E O F E X P L O S I V E S .

T h e a c t o f A u g u s t 7 , 1 9 1 6 , p r o v id e s t h a t “ th e D ir e c t o r o f t h e
C e n s u s s h a ll c o lle c t a n d p u b lis h s t a t is t ic s o f r a w a n d p r e p a r e d c o t ­
to n a n d lin t e r s , c o tt o n w a s t e , a n d h u ll fib er c o n s u m e d in th e m a n u ­
f a c t u r e o f g u n c o t to n a n d e x p lo s iv e s o f a ll k in d s , a n d o f u b so r b e n t
a n d m e d ic a te d c o tt o n , d u r in g th e y e a r 1915 a n d q u a r te r ly t h e r e a f t e r ,
a n d th e q u a n t it y h e ld in s u c h e s ta b lis h m e n t s a t th e e n d o f e a c h
q u a r te r .” A t th e tim e t h is la w w a s p a s s e d t h e c o n s u m p tio n o f
c o tt o n in th e m a n u f a c t u r e o f e x p lo s iv e s w a s so g r e a t t h a t i t h a d an
e ffe c t o n th e p r ic e , a n d i t w a s , th e r e f o r e , im p o r t a n t to k n o w th e
q u a n t it ie s t h u s c o n s u m e d . S u c h in f o r m a t io n , h o w e v e r , is n o lo n g e r
o f v a lu e , a n d I r e c o m m e n d t h a t t h is p r o v is io n o f th e la w b e r e p e a le d .
7 6 0 6 0 — 2 1 ------ 4

A p p e n d ix C.— A B S T R A C T O F R E P O R T O F T H E D I R E C T O R
O F T H E B U R E A U O F F O R E IG N A N D D O M E S T IC C O M ­
M ERCE.
( J u l i u s K l e i n , Director.)
D E C R E A SE IN

TOTAL

VALUE

O F F O R E IG N

TRADE.

P o s t - w a r c o n d it io n s b r o u g h t a b o u t a f a l l i n g o ff in t h e t o t a l v a lu e
o f A m e r ic a n tr a d e fr o m $ 1 3 ,3 4 7 ,3 4 0 ,7 7 7 in fisc a l y e a r 1920 to
$ 1 0 ,1 7 0 ,7 6 4 ,7 7 6 i n 1921.
I m p o r t s o f m e r c h a n d is e t o ta le d $ 3 ,6 5 4 ,4 4 9 ,4 3 0 , a s c o m p a r e d w it h
$ 5 ,2 3 8 ,3 5 2 ,1 1 4 in 1 9 2 0 a n d $ 4 ,0 9 5 ,7 2 0 ,0 6 8 i n 1919. D o m e s tic e x p o r ts
a m o u n te d to $ 6 ,3 8 5 ,6 3 6 ,0 3 9 , a g a in s t $ 7 ,9 5 0 ,4 2 9 ,1 8 0 i n 1 9 2 0 a n d
$ 7 ,0 8 1 ,4 6 1 ,9 3 8 in 1919. T h e v is ib le b a la n c e o f tr a d e in f a v o r o f
th e U n it e d S t a t e s o n m e r c h a n d is e t r a n s a c t io n s ( n o t c o n s id e r in g r e ­
e x p o r t s o f f o r e ig n g o o d s ) w a s $ 2 ,7 3 1 ,1 8 6 ,6 0 9 , a s c o m p a r e d w it h
$ 2 ,7 1 1 ,8 0 7 ,5 1 2 d u r in g 1920.
T h e s lu m p in b u s in e s s , w h ile h e a v y , h a s c e r t a in u n d e r ly in g c a u se s
w h ic h s h o u ld b e ta k e n in t o c o n s id e r a t io n in a n a ly z in g t h e g e n e r a l
s it u a t io n . P a r t o f th e s h r in k a g e in t h e t o t a ls o f v a lu e is d u e to lo w e r
p r ic e s r a th e r t h a n to d im in is h e d q u a n t it ie s a n d p a r t to t h e g e n e r a l
u n s e t tle d c o n d it io n s in t h e c o u n tr ie s to w h o m th e U n it e d S t a t e s s e lls .
I t is,' t h e r e f o r e , in c r e a s in g ly im p o r t a n t t h a t t h e s e r v ic e s o f t h e
B u r e a u o f F o r e ig n a n d D o m e s t ic C o m m e r c e b e d e v e lo p e d a n d i n ­
t e n s if ie d t o m e e t t h e in c r e a s e d d e m a n d s o f A m e r ic a n m a n u f a c t u r e r s
w h o a re p la n n i n g to h o ld a n d e x te n d t h e ir m a r k e ts a b r o a d .
T h e e x p o r t s o f d o m e st ic a n d f o r e ig n m e r c h a n d is e to t h e s e v e r a l
g r a n d d iv is io n s d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r 1921 w e r e a s f o ll o w s : E u r o p e ,
$ 3 ,4 0 8 ,3 9 0 ,1 1 8 ; N o r t h A m e r ic a , $ 1 ,6 4 6 ,0 1 6 ,4 4 0 ; S o u t h A m e r ic a ,
$ 5 2 3 ,4 5 0 ,6 5 0 ; A s i a , $ 5 4 7 ,2 4 7 ,1 1 7 ; O c e a n ia , $ 2 5 7 ,1 8 1 ,8 1 3 ;
$ 1 3 4 ,0 2 9 ,2 0 8 ; m a k in g a t o ta l o f $ 6 ,5 1 6 ,3 1 5 ,3 4 6 . .

A f r ic a ,

A m e r ic a n s a le s t o t h e U n it e d K in g d o m r e g is t e r e d a s h a r p d e c r e a se ,
fr o m $ 2 ,1 5 1 ,1 1 5 ,4 2 8 in 1 9 2 0 to $ 1 ,3 2 6 ,3 7 7 ,9 1 7 in 1921. S h ip m e n t s to
F r a n c e w e r e 4 0 p e r c e n t le s s in v a lu e a n d t h o s e t o I t a l y 2 4 p e r c e n t
le s s. S h ip m e n t s to B e lg iu m d r o p p e d fr o m $ 3 1 7 ,1 1 2 ,6 8 8 to $ 1 8 4 ,5 3 3 ,4 3 0 , w h ile th o s e t o th e N e t h e r la n d s w e r e a b o u t t h e sa m e a s d u r in g
t h e p r e c e d in g y e a r . I n te r m s o f d o lla r s , G e r m a n y b o u g h t m o r e
g o o d s fr o m th e U n it e d S t a t e s in t h e fis c a l y e a r 1 9 2 1 t h a n in th e
50

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p r e -w a r y e a r 1 91 4 , a n d th e in c r e a se fr o m 1920 to 1921 w a s $ 1 7 9 ,5 9 5 ,5 3 0 — fr o m $ 2 0 2 ,1 7 6 ,0 7 9 t o $ 3 8 1 ,7 7 1 ,6 0 9 .
C o lo m b ia , E c u a d o r , P a r a g u a y , a n d V e n e z u e la b o u g h t g o o d s o f
le s s v a lu e fr o m th e U n it e d S t a t e s t h a n i n t h e p r e c e d in g y e a r , b u t th e
o th e r S o u t h A m e r ic a n c o u n tr ie s in c r e a s e d th e ir p u r c h a s e s , t h e g a in
o f $ 3 3 ,7 4 4 ,4 3 7 in th e c ase o f A r g e n t in a b e in g p a r t ic u la r ly im p o r ta n t.
O u r s a le s t o M e x ic o in c r e a se d 8 6 p e r c e n t in v a lu e .
T h e r e w a s a g r e a t f a l l i n g o ff i n th e v a lu e o f s h ip m e n t s to J a p a n —
fr o m $ 4 5 3 ,0 9 8 ,0 6 3 in 1 9 2 0 to $ 1 8 9 ,1 8 1 ,5 5 1 in 1921. T h e fig u r e s fo r
C h in a , o n t h e o th e r h a n d , s h o w a n in c r e a s e fr o m $ 1 1 9 ,2 7 6 ,8 2 8 to
$ 1 3 8 ,2 8 2 ,7 8 5 . T h e in c r e a s e f o r A u s t r a lia a n d N e w Z e a la n d , ta k e n
t o g e t h e r , w a s m o re t h a n 4 0 p e r c e n t.
C H A N G E S A M O N G O F F IC E R S A N D D I V I S I O N C H IE F S O F B U R E A U .

R o y S . M a c E lw e e r e s ig n e d a s D ir e c t o r o f t h e B u r e a u M a r c h 3 1 ,
1 9 2 1 , a n d w a s su c c e e d e d o n J u n e 2 2 b y J u l iu s K le in . D r . K le in h a d
p r e v io u s ly b e e n in th e s e r v ic e o f th e B u r e a u ; h e w a s a p p o in t e d
e x p e r t in L a t in A m e r ic a n tr a d e S e p te m b e r 1, 1917 ; w a s c h o s e n f o r
th e p o s t o f c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h é a t B u e n o s A ir e s , A r g e n t in a , M a y 1,
1 9 1 9 ; a n d r e s ig n e d fr o m th e s e r v ic e O c to b e r 3 1 , 1 9 2 0 , to a c c e p t a
p r o f e s s o r s h ip a t H a r v a r d U n iv e r s it y .
O n D e c e m b e r 31, 1920, L . E . S c h m e c k e b ie r r e s ig n e d a s c h ie f o f th e
r e se a rc h d iv is io n , a c c e p tin g a p o s it io n w it h t h e I n s t i t u t e o f G o v e r n ­
m e n t R e s e a r c h , a n d J o h n K . T o w le s h a s s in c e b e e n a c t in g a s c h ie f
o f t h a t d iv is io n . F r e d W . P o w e l l , c h i e f o f th e W e s te r n E u r o p e
d iv is io n , r e s ig n e d N o v e m b e r 15, 1920. H u g h D . B u t le r , c h i e f o f th e
f o r e ig n - s e r v ic e d iv is io n , w a s p r o m o te d to tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r a t
L o n d o n N o v e m b e r 9, 1 9 2 0 , a n d H a r o ld D o t t e r e r w a s p r o m o te d to
su c c e e d h im .
G E N E R A L D E V E L O P M E N T S IN C O N N E C T IO N
SE R V IC E .

W IT H

F O R E IG N

T h e c o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é s a n d tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r s r e p r e s e n t in g th e
D e p a r t m e n t a b r o a d h a v e d o n e c r e d it a b le w o r k d u r in g th e p a s t y e a r
in t h e ir w o r k o f in v e s t i g a t i n g a n d r e p o r t in g e c o n o m ic d e v e lo p m e n ts ,
f a c i l i t a t i n g th e f o r e ig n o p e r a tio n s o f A m e r ic a n b u s in e ss m e n , a n d
a c t in g a s c o m m e r c ia l a d v is e r s t o th e d ip lo m a t ic m is s io n s.
T h e r e w e r e n u m e r o u s c h a n g e s in p e r s o n n e l a t th e v a r io u s p o s t s a n d
t h e m o re im p o r t a n t o f th e se w i l l b e in d ic a t e d in t h e s u c c e e d in g p a g e s.
F i v e c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h é s , 12 tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r s, a n d 2 a s s is t a n t
tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r s r e tu r n e d t o t h e U n it e d S t a t e s f o r c o n fe r e n c e s
d u r in g t h e y e a r . T h e y v is it e d c o m m e r c ia l a n d in d u s t r ia l c e n te r s, a d ­
d r e s s in g o r g a n iz a t io n s a n d c o n f e r r in g w ith b u s in e s s m en .
I t is in te n d e d t h a t e a c h f o r e ig n office s h a ll p r é p a ie a c o m m e r c ia l
h a n d b o o k o n th e te r r it o r y a s s ig n e d to i t ; c e r t a in o f th e se h a n d b o o k s

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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h a v e a lr e a d y b e en p u b lis h e d , o th e r s a re in c o u r se o f p r e p a r a tio n ,
w h ile so m e a re in a m e r e ly p r e lim in a r y s ta g e .
W ESTERN

AND

NORTHERN

E U R O P E — B R IT IS H

SOUTH

A FR IC A .

L in c o ln H u t c h in s o n , th e c o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é f o r m e r ly s ta t io n e d in
L o n d o n , r e sig n e d o n A u g u s t 7, 1 9 2 0 , a n d T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r W i l ­
b u r J . P a g e w a s in c h a r g e o f th e L o n d o n office o f t h e B u r e a u a s a c t ­
in g c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h é u n t il F e b r u a r y 1, 1 9 2 1 , w h e n h e w a s s u c ­
c e ed ed b y C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é A l f r e d P . D e n n is , w h o w a s t r a n s ­
f e r r e d fr o m R o m é ; C o r d ia l c o o p e r a tio n h a s e x is t e d b e tw e e n th e
c o m m e r c ia l a t ta c h é , th e e m b a ss y , th e S h i p p i n g B o a r d , a n d th e
A m e r ic a n m ilit a r y a n d n a v a l a tta c h e s , w h ile c lo se r e la t io n s h a v e b e en
e s ta b lis h e d w it h th e A m e r ic a n C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e in L o n d o n a n d
th e B r i t i s h D e p a r t m e n t o f O v e r se a s T r a d e . T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r
P a g e h a s s p e c ia liz e d o n B r it is h s h ip p i n g a n d o n th e ir o n a n d s te e l
in d u s t r y a n d e n g in e e r in g tr a d e s , w h ile T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r H u g h
D . B u t le r h a s s tu d ie d t e x t i le s a n d th e m a r k e t in g o f o ils , r e sin s , a n d
f a t s . T h r o u g h th e in t e r v e n t io n o f th e L o n d o n office, t h e M in is t r y o f
T r a n s p o r t w a s in d u c e d to in s t r u c t th e G r e a t W e s te r n R a ilw a y to
g i v e b e tte r f a c i l it ie s f o r th e s h ip m e n t o f c h in a c la y a t th e p o r t o f
F o w e y . T h r o u g h th e sa m e m in is t r y , th e office w a s a b le t o h a s t e n th e
in s t a lla t io n o f u n lo a d in g e q u ip m e n t a t F o w e y to f a c i l it a t e t h e q u ic k
“ tu r n a r o u n d ” o f S h i p p i n g B o a r d v e s se ls a t t h a t p o in t. C o m m e r c ia l
A t t a c h é D e n n is se c u r e d t h e r e le a se o f $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 w o r th o f A m e r ic a n
s e c u r it ie s t h a t h a d b ee n s e iz e d u n d e r a t e c h n ic a lit y b y t h e B r it is h
T r u s t e e f o r A lie n P r o p e r t y . T h r o u g h h is e ffo r ts , s e v e r a l o r d e r s f o r
A m e r ic a n c o a l w e r e p la c e d d u r in g th e B r i t i s h str ik e .
C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é W i ll ia m C . H u n t in g t o n has- b e e n in c h a r g e
at P a r is , a s s is te d b y T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r J o h n F . B u t le r a n d A s s i s t ­
a n t T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r F r e d e r ic G . S in g e r . T h e c lo s e s t r e la t io n s
h a v e b e e n m a in t a in e d w it h th e I n t e r n a t io n a l C h a m b e r o f C o m ­
m e r c e . h a v i n g h e a d q u a r te r s in P a r is .
C o m m e r c ia l in q u ir ie s fr o m
b o th th e U n it e d S t a t e s a n d F r a n c e in c r e a s e d m a t e r ia lly . T h e a t ­
ta c h é m a d e a n e x t e n s iv e t r ip t h r o u g h t h e d e v a s ta t e d r e g io n s a n d ,
a t t h e r e q u e st o f G en . A lle n , s p e n t t w o w e e k s in th e R h in e la n d
s t u d y in g th e e ffe ct o f a n e w c u s to m s b a r r ie r b e tw e e n o c c u p ie d a n d
u n o c c u p ie d G er m a n }7.
T h e C o p e n h a g e n office, w it h D e n m a r k , N o r w a y , a n d S w e d e n a s
it s fie ld , h a s b ee n in c h a r g e o f C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é N o r m a n L .
A n d e r s o n , a s s is t e d b y T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r T h o r m o d O . K la t h .
M r . A n d e r s o n w a s in t h e U n it e d S t a t e s fr o m J u l y t o N o v e m b e r ,
1 9 2 0 ; h e v is it e d th e m a in in d u s t r ia l c e n te r s. A l l s ig n if ic a n t d e ­
v e lo p m e n ts r e la t in g n o t o n ly to S c a n d in a v ia b u t a ls o to R u s s ia a n d
G e r m a n y h a v e b e en m a d e th e s u b je c t o f r e p o r ts fr o m t h e C o p e n ­

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h a g e n office. O p p o r tu n it ie s f o r A m e r ic a n in v e s t m e n t h a v e b een
a n a ly z e d a n d i n d iv id u a l in q u ir ie s a n d q u e s tio n n a ir e s fr o m A m e r ic a n
fir m s h a v e b ee n h a n d le d . T r a d e c o m p la in t s h a v e b ee n a d ju s te d .
S e v e r a l e c o n o m ic r e p o r ts h a v e b e en p r e p a r e d f o r th e S t a t e D e p a r t ­
m e n t. M r. A n d e r s o n h a s m a d e se v e r a l tr ip s o f in v e s t ig a t io n to
N o r w a y an d S w ed en .
S in c e J u n e , 1920, th e B r u s s e ls office h a s b ee n in c h a r g e o f T r a d e
C o m m is s io n e r S a m u e l H . C r o ss, w h o w a s d e s ig n a te d a c t in g c o m ­
m e r c ia l a t ta c h é in F e b r u a r y , 1921. I t s d a ta h a v e b e e n f r e e ly
u t iliz e d b y A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n in B e lg iu m . I n f o r m a t io n h a s
b e e n e x c h a n g e d w it h B e l g ia n G o v e r n m e n t offices a n d th e in te r ­
n a tio n a l b u r e a u s c e n t e r in g in B r u s s e ls . M r. C r o ss h a s m a d e f r e ­
q u e n t v is it s t o B e lg iu m in d u s t r ia l a n d c o m m e r c ia l c e n te r s. M o r e
t h a n 4 00 s p e c ia l in q u ir ie s fr o m A m e r ic a n firm s h a v e b een h a n d le d .
A g e n t s h a v e b e e n f o u n d f o r A m e r ic a n p r o d u c ts . E v id e n c e h a s b e e n
se o u r e d a s to th e e fficie n c y o f A m e r ic a n lo c o m o tiv e s o n B e l g ia n lin e s .
V i s i t i n g A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n a n d e n g in e e r s h a v e b ee n a id e d . A
s u r v e y o f p r o d u c t io n c o sts a n d w a g e s in B e l g ia n in d u s t r ie s is n o w
b e in g c a r r ie d o n , a n d r e p r e s e n t a tiv e p la n t s h a v e b ee n v is it e d . A n
e x t e n s iv e s t u d y h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d c o v e r in g B e lg iu m b a n k in g a n d
fin a n c ia l m e th o d s a n d t h e n a tu r e an ti e x t e n t o f B e lg ia n f o r e ig n
in v e s tm e n ts .
A c t i n g C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h e C o ld w e ll S . J o h n s t o n h a s b e en in
c h a r g e a t T h e H a g u e . A b o u t 50 s p e c ia l r e p o r ts h a v e b e e n p r e p a r e d
a n d t r a n s m it t e d to th e B u r e a u , a s w e ll a s 150 a n sw e r s t o in q u ir ie s
fr o m p r iv a te firm s. M r. J o h n s t o n l e f t th e s e r v ic e s h o r t ly a f t e r th e
c lo s e o f t h e fisc a l y e a r .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r P e r r y J . S t e v e n s o n t o o k o v e r th e office a t
J o h a n n e s b u i’g , S o u t h A f r ic a , in A u g u s t , 1920. D u r i n g N o v e m b e r
lie v is it e d a ll th e l e a d in g c o m m e r c ia l c e n te r s o f th e U n io n . D u r in g
th e p a s t y e a r a b o u t 20 s p e c ia l r e p o r ts h a v e b e e n p r e p a r e d , p a r t ic u la r
a t t e n t io n b e in g d e v o te d to t a r if f l e g i s la t io n , th e n e w R e s e r v e B a n k ,
e le c tr ific a tio n p r o je c ts , a n d th e a u to m o b ile tr a d e . M r . S t e v e n s o n h a s
c o o p e r a te d c lo s e ly w it h th e n e w ly o r g a n iz e d A m e r ic a n C h a m b e r o f
C o m m e r c e in S o u t h A f r i c a a n d h a s h a n d le d a ll c o m m e r c ia l in q u ir ie s
a d d r e ss e d to i t b y A m e r ic a n firm s. T h e a d j u s tm e n t o f tr a d e c o m ­
p la in t s h a s b e e n an im p o r t a n t f u n c t io n o f t h e office; in o n e c a se a
lo c a l firm w a s in d u c e d to ta k e u p a d r aft, f o r £1,000.
A m e r ic a n
m a n u f a c t u r e r s h a v e b e e n a id e d in e n t e r in g in t o d ir e c t r e la t io n s w it h
S o u t h A f r ic a n s u p p lie r s o f r a w m a te r ia ls , i n c lu d in g a sb e sto s, c h r o m e ,
a n d c o r u n d u m , w h ic h a r e im p o r t a n t in s u p p ly i n g r e tu r n c a r g o e s fo r
v e s s e ls fr o m th e U n it e d S t a te s . D u r i n g 1 9 2 1 -2 2 th e w o r k o f t h e
J o h a n n e s b u r g office w ill b e e x te n d e d to c o v e r th e a d ja c e n t m a r k e ts
o f P o r t u g u e s e E a s t A f r ic a a n d R h o d e sia .

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REPORT OK TH E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
P E R M A N E N T P O S T S IN S O U T H E R N

AND

CENTRAL EURO PE.

C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é C h a r le s IT. C u n n in g h a m w a s t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m
M e x ic o C it y to M a d r id in N o v e m b e r , 1 9 2 0 , to r e lie v e T r a d e C o m m is ­
s io n e r W illia m A . S t r a c h a n , w h o w a s te m p o r a r ily in c h a r g e o f th e
M a d r id office. M r . C u n n in g h a m h a s m a d e t r ip s to B a r c e lo n a , A n d a ­
lu s ia , a n d P o r t u g a l, w h ile M r . S t r a c h a n h a s s tu d ie d c o n d it io n s in
A n d a lu s ia , n o r th e r n A f r ic a , B ilb a o , a n d S a n t a n d e r , b e sid e s c o m ­
p l e t i n g a s tu d y o f S p a n is h la w s g o v e r n in g f o r e ig n c o m p a n ie s .
A m e r ic a n s a le s m e n h a v e b e e n p r e se n te d to G o v e r n m e n t offices; in
o n e c a se a n o r d e r f o r 5 0 ,0 0 0 t o n s o f c o a l w a s se c u r e d f o r a n A m e r ic a n
firm in t h is w a y . M u c h tim e h a s b e e n - g iv e n to th e a d j u s tm e n t o f
c la im s a n d c h a r g e s a g a in s t A m e r ic a n in te r e s ts , e s p e c ia lly th e S h i p ­
p i n g B o a r d . M u ch m a r k e t in f o r m a t io n h a s b e e n fu r n is h e d to v i s i t ­
i n g A m e r ic a n s a le s m e n , a n d A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s h a s b e e n e x te n d e d
t h r o u g h “ tr a d e o p p o r t u n it ie s .” H u n d r e d s o f tr a d e le tte r s , r e p r e s e n t ­
in g in d iv id u a l r e se a r c h , w e r e s e n t in r e p ly to A m e r ic a n in q u ir ie s .
C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h e A l f r e d P . D e n n is , u p o n h is t r a n s f e r t o L o n d o n
in O c to b e r , 1920, w a s su c c e e d e d a t R o m e b y H . C . M a c L e a n , w h o w a s
th e n p r o m o te d fr o m tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r to c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h é . M r .
M a c L e a n h a s b een a s s is te d b y A s s is t a n t T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r A l g e r ­
n o n A . O sb o r n e . T h e a t ta c h e h a s m a d e fr e q u e n t v i s i t s to M ila n
a n d o th e r in d u s t r ia l c e n te r s , in c lu d in g th e n e w I t a l i a n te r r it o r y in
th e T r e n t in o .
B e s id e s s e c u r in g fr o m I t a l i a n G o v e r n m e n t offices
in f o r m a t io n o f t a r if f c h a n g e s a n d m o d if ic a tio n s o f e x p o r t p r o h ib i­
t io n s , h e w a s in s tr u m e n ta l in o b t a in in g f a v o r a b le a c tio n o n a p p lic a ­
t io n s f o r e x p o r t a n d im p o r t p e r m it s p r e s e n te d b y A m e r ic a n fir m s.
H e se c u r e d th e r e m o v a l o f th e fo r m e r r e s t r ic t io n s o n th e im p o r t a ­
t io n o f A m e r ic a n p a s s e n g e r a u to m o b ile s. A sp e c ia l f e a t u r e o f th e
a t ta c h e ’s w o r k h a s b ee n th e a d ju s tm e n t o f d is p u t e s a r is in g in th e
c o n d u c t o f b u s in e s s b e tw e e n th e tw o c o u n tr ie s , a n d th e s e tt le m e n t
o f s e v e r a l la r g e c la im s a g a in s t I t a l i a n im p o r t e r s w a s th u s f a c ilit a t e d .
N u m e r o u s o p p o r t u n it ie s f o r th e e x te n s io n o f A m e r ic a n tr a d e h a v e
b e e n p o in te d o u t. M a in t a in in g c lo s e c o n t a c t w it h th e e m b a s s y , th e
c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h é h a s b ee n a b le to c o n c lu d e i n f o r m a lly a n d e x p e ­
d it io u s ly , w it h th e v a r io u s m in is tr ie s , n u m e r o u s q u e s tio n s r e fe r r e d to
h im . M r . O sb o r n e , d u r in g th e p a s t y e a r , h a s s p e c ia liz e d in a n s w e r in g
s p e c ific in q u ir ie s fr o m A m e r ic a n fir m s a n d in th e c o m p ila tio n o f
e c o n o m ic n o te s. H e lik e w is e p r e p a r e d a n e x h a u s t iv e s t u d y o n th e
I t a l i a n s it u a t io n w it h r e g a r d to r a w m a te r ia ls , b e s id e s c o v e r in g t h e
T r ie s t e p r o b le m a n d o th e r q u e s tio n s o f t im e ly in te r e s t.
T h e B e r lin office o f th e B u r e a u w a s o p e n e d in J u l y , 1 9 2 0 , b y
H o w a r d W . A d a m s , f o r m e r ly tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r a t P a r is , w it h th e
t i t l e o f “ R e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m ­
m e rc e in G e r m a n y .” M r. A d a m s h a s w o r k e d in c lo se c o o p e r a tio n

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w it h t h e A m e r ic a n C o m m is s io n , a n d s im ila r c o n t a c t h a s b e en m a in ­
t a in e d w it h th e A m e r ic a n M ilit a r y M is s io n a n d th e S h i p p i n g B o a r d
r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s .
I n v e s t i g a t i o n s h a v e b ee n c a r r ie d o u t. c o v e r in g ,
a m o n g o th e r t o p ic s , th e G e r m a n o p t ic a l in d u s t r y , n e w G e r m a n
m e t a llu r g ic a l p r o c e ss e s , th e s h ip p in g s it u a t io n , th e G e r m a n s u g a r ,
a u to m o b ile , a n d v e g e ta b le -fib e r in d u s t r ie s , a n d th e lo c a l m a r k e t f o r
A m e r ic a n e x p o r t c o m m o d itie s .
A la r g e c o lle c t io n w a s m a d e o f
G e r m a n v e g e ta b le -f ib e r p r o d u c ts w h ic h h a s s in c e b ee n e x h ib it e d in
t h e B u r e a u ’s d is tr ic t offices.
A s im ila r c o lle c t io n o f p a p e r -y a r n
p r o d u c ts w a s p r e p a r e d . M r. A d a m s h a s v i s i t e d the* fib e r m ills a t
F u r s t e n b e r g ( M e c k le n b u r g ) , t h e L e i p z ig F a i r , a n d m e t a llu r g ic a l
p la n t s a t V ilt e n a n d R a t h e n o w ( in c o n n e c tio n w it h th e o p t ic a l i n ­
d u s t r y ) . D u r i n g th e p a s t fis c a l y e a r t h e B e r lin office- r e c e iv e d 7 8 2
v is it o r s . T h e e ff o r ts o f th e B e r l in office in tr a d e p r o m o tio n h a v e
n e t te d n e a r ly $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o f c o n c r e te b u s in e s s , t h e la r g e s t p o r t io n o f
w h ic h c o v e r e d c r e d it s f o r A m e r ic a n c o tto n . L o c a l a g e n t s h a v e b e en
se c u r e d f o r 18 A m e r ic a n fir m s, a n d A m e r ic a n in te r e s ts h a v e b e e n
a id e d in a c q u ir in g n u m e r o u s v a lu a b le G e r m a n p a te n ts . I m p o r t p e r ­
m it s h a v e a lso b e e n se c u r e d f o r s h ip p e r s o f A m e r ic a n g o o d s in to
G erm an y.
T h e office o f t h e B u r e a u a t P r a g u e h a s b e e n d ir e c te d d u r in g th e
p a s t y e a r b y T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r V l a d im ir A . G e r in g e r , w h o se
j u r is d ic t io n w a s e x te n d e d t o H u n g a r y in O c to b e r , 1 9 2 0 , w h e n A s ­
s is t a n t T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r D o n a ld L . B r e e d w a s a s s o c ia te d w it h
h im . M r . G e r in g e r h a s h a n d le d a ll c o m m e r c ia l a n d e c o n o m ic i n ­
q u ir ie s a d d r e s s e d t o t h e le g a t io n . S p e c ia l s tu d ie s h a v e b e e n m a d e
o f th e a u to m o b ile m a r k e t a n d o f t h e lo c a l p r o d u c t io n o f g r a p h it e
a n d n e w s p r in t p a p e r . M r . G e r in g e r s u c c e e d e d in e x p e d it in g t h e
r a il s h ip m e n t o f u n fin is h e d fa b r ic s m a d e fr o m A m e r ic a n c o tt o n to
A u s t r ia f o r f in is h in g , a n d e n a b le d A m e r ic a n fir m s to o b t a in la r g e
o r d e r s f o r t y p e w r it e r s , c o tt o n , a u to m o b ile a c c e ss o r ie s, fo o d s tu f f s , a n d
o th e r a r tic le s . T h e tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r c o o p e r a te d in s u r v e y s r e s u lt ­
in g in A m e r ic a n in v e s t m e n ts in C z e c h o - S lo v a k c o tt o n m il ls a n d
f a c ilit a t e d t h e o b t a in in g o f C z e c h o - S lo v a k p a t e n t s b y A m e r ic a n
firm s. H e w a s a b le to s e c u r e a d e q u a t e c o a l s u p p lie s f o r A m e r ic a n o w n e d f a c t o r ie s in h is t e r r it o r y d u r in g t h e w in t e r o f 1 9 2 0 . U p o n
h is a r r iv a l in P r a g u e , A s s i s t a n t T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r B r e e d , a sid e
fr o m h is w o r k o n r o u t in e r e p o r ts , b e g a n t h e p r e p a r a tio n o f a c o m ­
m e r c ia l h a n d b o o k o n H u n g a r y . I n M a r c h , 1 9 2 1 , h e o p e n e d a t e m ­
p o r a r y office in B u d a p e s t f o r s t u d y o f th e s it u a t io n in H u n g a r y ,
w h e r e h e r e m a in e d u n t il A p r i l 2 2 b e f o r e r e t u r n in g to P r a g u e .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r W i ll ia m F o r d U p s o n , w h o h a s b e e n i n c h a r g e
o f t h e A u s t r ia n office o f t h e B u r e a u d u r in g 1 9 2 0 -2 1 , h a s m a d e in v e s ­
t ig a t io n t r ip s t o t h e T y r o l , S a lz b u r g , S t e y r , a n d S t y r ia . T h e office
lia s b ee n v is it e d b y m o r e t h a n 3 0 0 A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n ; A m e r i­

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REPOBT o f t h e s e c r e t a r y o f c o m m e r c e .

c a n r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s h a v e b e en p u t in to u c h w it h G o v e r n m e n t o ffic ia ls
a n d le a d in g b u s in e s s h o u se s, w h ile a g e n t s h a v e b e en lo c a te d f o r
A m e r ic a n fir m s. T h e tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r h a s b e en a c tiv e in f u r t h e r ­
in g th e b u s in e s s o f A m e r ic a n p a c k e r s a n d a d j u s t in g d is p u t e s a r is in g
th e r e fr o m . A m e r ic a n a u to m o b ile in te r e s ts , s t u d y in g th e p o s s ib ili­
t ie s o f an a s s e m b lin g p la n t a t V ie n n a , h a v e b e en a s s is t e d in t h e ir
in v e s t ig a t io n s . T h e office w a s in s tr u m e n ta l in p r o m o tin g th e s a le
o f la r g e a m o u n ts o f A m e r ic a n l e a f to b a c co t o th e A u s t r ia n to b a c c o
m o n o p o ly . R e p r e s e n ta tiv e s o f A m e r ic a n c o tt o n g r o w e r s w e r e f u r ­
n ish e d w it h d a ta c o v e r in g lo c a l s a le s , c o m m e r c ia l m e th o d s , a n d b a n k
g u a r a n tie s . M o r e th a n 2 0 0 in q u ir ie s a n d r e q u e sts fo r in fo r m a tio n
h a v e b ee n r e c e iv e d b y m a il fr o m A m e r ic a n c o n c e r n s, c o v e r in g r e ­
q u e s ts fo r tr a d e lis t s , p r o s p e c tiv e a g e n t s , a n d a d ju s tm e n t o f c la im s
a n d tr a d e d iffic u ltie s. T im e h a s b e en d e v o te d to th e c o m p ila t io n o f
a d ir e c to r y o f le a t h e r u se r s o f C e n tr a l E u r o p e a n d th e c o lle c t io n o f
a la r g e n u m b e r o f s a m p le s o f p a p e r -c lo th m a n u fa c tu r e s .
T h e W a r s a w office h a s b een in c h a r g e o f T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r L o u is
K . V a n N o r m a n , w h o h a s c o o p e r a te d w it h a ll A m e r ic a n d ip lo m a t ic
r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s in P o la n d a n d h a s e s ta b lis h e d c o r d ia l r e la t io n s w it h
th e P o lis h m in is tr ie s . T h e tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r w a s a c tiv e in n e g o t in t io n s w ith th e P o lis h M in is t r y o f F in a n c e r e g a r d in g th e r e m it ­
ta n c e o f r e li e f f u n d s fr o m th e U n it e d S t a t e s to P o la n d . H e e n d e a v ­
o r e d to f u r th e r s a le s o f A m e r ic a n r a w m a te r ia ls f o r m a n u f a c t u r e b y
P o lis h in d u s t r y a n d , in t h is c o n n e c tio n , to se c u r e a m it ig a t io n o f t h e
m a ss o f lo c a l r e g u la t io n s h a m p e r in g P o l is h c o m m er ce . M r . V a n
N o r m a n w a s a c tiv e in p r o m o tin g t h e o r g a n iz a t io n o f a P o lis h - A m e r i ­
c an C h a m b e r o f C o m m er c e in W a r s a w . H e c o o p e r a te d w it h A m e r i­
c an g r o u p s , e n d e a v o r in g to a r r a n g e so m e fo r m o f c r e d it g u a r a n t ie s
b a s e d o n P o l is h in d u s t r ie s a n d n a t u r a l r e so u r c e s, t o c o v e r A m e r ic a n
s a le s to P o la n d . H e m a d e in v e s t ig a t io n t r ip s t o D a n z ig , L o d z ,
C racow , L em b erg , an d P o sen .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r G e o r g e W y t h e w a s fo r c e d b y i ll h e a lt h t o
le a v e C o n s t a n t in o p le in D e c e m b e r , 1920. H i s a s s is t a n t tr a d e c o m ­
m is s io n e r , J u l ia n G ille s p ie , to o k c h a r g e o f th e office f o r th e r e ­
m a in d e r o f th e y e a r . M r . G ille s p ie m a d e e x t e n s iv e r e p o r ts a s a r e ­
s u l t o f h is t r a v e ls t h r o u g h G r e e c e , T u r k e y , S y r i a , P a le s t in e , a n d
E g y p t . H e h a s c o n t in u a lly a s s is t e d t h e A m e r ic a n c o m m iss io n e r in
th e h a n d lin g o f c o m m e r c ia l m a tt e r s , a n d , w h ile in A le x a n d r ia ,
E g y p t , h e w a s o f m a te r ia l'a s s is t a n e e, in a l e g a l w a y , t o th e A m e r ic a n
c o n s u l in c e r ta in c o m m e r c ia l n e g o t ia t io n s . I n M a y , 1921, C o m m e r ­
c ia l A t t a c h e P a u l !.. E d w a r d s w a s a s s ig n e d to C o n s ta n tin o p le .
W O R K O F A T T A C H É S I N L A T IN A M E R IC A .

T h e offices in L a t i n A m e r ic a , lik e t h o s e in E u r o p e a n d t h e F a r
E a s t , h a v e p e r fo r m e d th e f u n c t io n s c o m m o n to a ll th e p e r m a n e n t

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p o s t s , su c h a s h a n d lin g c o m m e r c ia l m a tt e r s f o r th e e m b a s sie s o r l e ­
g a t io n s , a id in g v is it o r s , a n d a n s w e r in g sp e c if ic in q u ir ie s r e c e iv e d
fr o m th e U n it e d S t a t e s .
C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é E d w a r d F . F e e ly , f o r m e r ly a t M e x ic o C it y ,
to o k c h a r g e a t B u e n o s A ir e s in O c to b e r , 1 9 2 0 ; h e h a s b e e n a s s is te d
b y T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r G e o r g e S . B r a d y . H i s office b r o u g h t a b o u t
th e p u r c h a s e o f A m e r ic a n m o to r tr u c k s , a n d h e p u t p r o s p e c tiv e A r ­
g e n t in e b u y e r s in to u c h w it h A m e r ic a n lo c o m o t iv e m a n u fa c tu r e r s .
P e r io d ic t r ip s h a v e b e e n m a d e to M o n t e v id e o , U r u g u a y . M r. F e e ly
h a s b e e n a s s is t in g th e A r g e n t in e M in is t e r o f F o r e ig n A f f a ir s in p la n ­
n i n g a c o m m e r c ia l- a tta c h e s e r v ic e f o r t h e B e p u b lic . H e h a s a id e d
s e v e r a l A m e r ic a n G o v e r n m e n t r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s , h a s c o o p e r a te d w it h
t h e A m e r ic a n C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e a n d t h e A m e r ic a n D r y g o o d s
A g e n t s ’ A s s o c ia t io n , a n d h a s fo r w a r d e d n u m e r o u s r e p o r ts t o th e
B u rea u .
T h e B i o d e J a n e ir o office w a s in c h a r g e o f A s s i s t a n t T r a d e C o m ­
m is s io n e r K . M . C o n n e ll fr o m J u n e to N o v e m b e r , 1 9 2 0 , o f W illia m
E . E m b r y fr o m N o v e m b e r , 1 9 2 0 , t o F e b r u a r y , 1 9 2 1 , a n d , s in c e t h a t
d a te , o f C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é W . L . S c h u r z , se c o n d e d b y A s s is t a n t
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r s B e r n a r d H . N o ll a n d W . E . E m b r y . D u r i n g
a t r y i n g p e r io d e v e r y p o s s ib le a id h a s b e e n g iv e n to A m e r ic a n i n ­
t e r e s ts in B r a z il. D u r i n g t h e t a r if f d e b a te s in th e B r a z i li a n C o n ­
g r e s s in 1 9 2 0 th e office w a s a c t iv e in a i d in g A m e r ic a n fir m s in th e
p r e p a r a tio n o f p e t it io n s in c a s e s w h e r e t h e b u s in e s s o f th e s e fir m s
w a s t h r e a te n e d b y p r o p o s e d c h a n g e s i n im p o r t s c h e d u le s . A la r g e
n u m b e r o f v a lu a b le e c o n o m ic r e p o r ts h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d , a n d a m o n g
t h e i n v e s t ig a t io n s in p r o g r e s s a r e th o s e o n f o r e ig n c o m p e t it io n , th e
B r a z i li a n r a ilw a y s , t h e ir o n r e so u r c e s a n d m e t a llu r g ic a l in d u s t r y o f
B r a z i l, t h e fin a n c e s o f t h e B r a z i li a n S t a t e s , t h e m a r k e t f o r m o to r
v e h ic le s , th e tr a d e b e tw e e n B r a z il a n d A r g e n t in a , a n d t h e B r a z ilia n
r u b b e r in d u s t r y .
T h e office a t S a n t ia g o , C h ile , h a s b e e n d ir e c te d b y C o m m e r c ia l
A t t a c h é C h a r le s A . M c Q u e e n . I n J u l y , 1 9 2 0 , M r . M c Q u e e n w a r n e d
A m e r ic a n e x p o r te r s o f im p e n d in g d iffic u ltie s a n d t h e d e s ir a b ilit y o f
f il li n g p e n d in g o r d e r s a s r a p id ly a s p o s s ib le . T h e su b se q u e n t c e ss a ­
t io n o f n it r a t e s a le s , b r in g in g w it h i t a f a l l o f C h ile a n e x c h a n g e ,
c a u se d m a n y c a n c e lla tio n s a n d f a ilu r e s , w it h th e r e su lt t h a t d u r in g
t h e a u tu m n th e a t ta c h é ’s e ff o r ts w e r e p r i n c ip a l ly d e v o te d t o a d j u s t ­
i n g c la im s a n d f a c i l i t a t i n g th e c o lle c t io n o f d is p u te d a c c o u n ts. D u r ­
i n g th e y e a r a b o u t 4 0 0 A m e r ic a n e x e c u t iv e s a n d s a le s m e n c a lle d a t
h i s office. C h ile a n m e r c h a n ts h a v e o f t e n c a lle d u p o n t h e a t ta c h é
f o r h e lp in c o n n e c tio n w it h p u r c h a s e s fr o m t h is c o u n t r y . D u r i n g
M a y a n d J u n e , 1 9 2 1 , M r . M c Q u e e n u n d e r to o k a t r ip o f in v e s t ig a t io n
t h r o u g h th e n o r th o f C h ile .

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REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

F r o m J u n e to O c to b e r , 1920, th e M e x ic o office w a s d ir e c te d b y
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r C h a r le s H . C u n n in g h a m , a id e d b y T r a d e C o m ­
m is s io n e r B e r n a r d H . N o ll. M r . C u n n in g h a m a d j u s te d a s h ip p i n g
d is p u t e a n d o b ta in e d c a r s to m o v e a la r g e s h ip m e n t o f t a llo w b e ­
lo n g in g to a n A m e r ic a n c o n c e r n . U p o n h is t r a n s f e r to M a d r id h e
w a s su c c e e d e d b y C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é C a r lto n J a c k s o n ; t h e la tt e r ,
w h o h a d b e e n tr a d e c o m m is s io n e r a t L im a , P e r u , m a d e a t r ip t h r o u g h
th e U n it e d S t a t e s a n d a r r iv e d a t M e x ic o C it y in D e c e m b e r . M r.
J a c k s o n h a s v i s i t e d V e r a C r u z a n d G u a d a la ja r a f o r th e s t u d y o f
c o m m e r c ia l a n d in d u s t r ia l c o n d itio n s . T h e M e x ic o office n o w h a s
in p r o c e ss o f p r e p a r a tio n a d ir e c to r y o f lo c a l fir m s r e p r e s e n t in g
A m e r ic a n m a n u f a c t u r e r s , e x p o r te r s , a n d im p o r te r s . O n a n a v e r a g e ,
130 c a lle r s p e r m o n th h a v e b e e n r e c e iv e d , a n d a b o u t 75 r e p o r ts , in a ll,
h a v e b e e n f o r w a r d e d to t h e B u r e a u . M a n y r e p o r ts h a v e a ls o b ee n
p r e p a r e d f o r p r iv a t e firm s.
A c t i n g C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é D a n ie l W a t e r s h a s b e e n in c h a r g e a t
L im a , P e r u . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e c o v e r in g m a r k e t s fo r
tr a c to r s, th e f o r e ig n m a c h in e r y s a le s , th e u se o f a u to m o b ile s, c o tt o n
s t a t is t ic s , a d v e r t is in g , w o o l p ie c e s , a n d l iv e s to c k , w h ile s tu d ie s h a v e
b ee n m a d e f o r q u e s tio n n a ir e s . M u c h t im e h a s b e e n g iv e n to s tu d y
o f t h e p o r t c o n g e s tio n a t C a lla o , a n d c o n fe r e n c e s h a v e b e e n h e ld
w it h in te r e s te d s h i p p i n g a g e n ts . M r . W a t e r s h a s b e e n a c t iv e in
p r o m o tin g A m e r ic a n p a r t ic ip a t io n in t h e P e r u v ia n c e n te n a r y e x h i ­
b itio n o f f o r e ig n p r o d u c ts . R e p r e s e n t a t iv e s o f A m e r ic a n p ip e m a n ­
u f a c tu r e r s h a v e b e e n p la c e d in lin e t o c o m p e t e s u c c e s s f u lly f o r a
la r g e P e r u v ia n c o n s tr u c t io n c o n tr a c t.
h a v e b ee n a d j u d ic a te d b y t h e office.

T w e n t y - n in e tr a d e d is p u t e s

A C T I V I T Y A T P E R M A N E N T P O S T S IN F A R E A S T .

T h e P e k i n g office i s d ir e c te d b y C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é J u le a n A r ­
n o ld , w h o h a s b e e n a s s is t e d b y T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r s F r a n k R h ea
a n d L y n n W . M e e k in s , w h il e S p e c ia l T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r J . M o r ­
g a n C le m e n t s h a s b e e n s t u d y in g t h e m in e r a l r e so u r c e s o f C h in a .
M r . R h e a h a s d e v o te d m o s t o f h i s t im e t o in d u s t r ia l a n d t r a n s p o r ­
t a t io n p r o b le m s w it h r e la t io n to in v e s t m e n t o p p o r t u n itie s , w h ile M r.
M e e k in s , in a d d it io n to s e r v ic e in P e k i n g , h a s m a d e a n e x t e n s iv e
r e p o r t o n M a n c h u r ia a n d , d u r in g th e la t t e r p a r t o f t h e fis c a l y e a r ,
h a s d ir e c te d t h e b r a n c h office a t S h a n g h a i. T h e P e k i n g office c o n ­
tr ib u t e d m a te r ia l f a v o r i n g t h e C h in a T r a d e A c t t h a t h a s b e e n b e fo r e
C o n g r e ss , a n d a c t iv e ly p r o m o te d t h e s e c u r in g o f C h in e se r a d io -c o m ­
m u n ic a t io n c o n t r a c t s b y A m e r ic a n in te r e s ts . O p p o r t u n it ie s h a v e
b e en se c u r e d f o r A m e r ic a n m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f r a ilw a y e q u ip m e n t to
s u p p ly m a te r ia ls f o r C h in e se r a ilw a y s . T h is office m a in t a in s a
m o tio n - p ic t u r e s e r v ic e , s h o w in g a l l o v e r C h in a s e v e r a l h u n d r e d
A m e r ic a n in d u s t r ia l a n d e d u c a t io n a l film s. A b r a n c h office w a s

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o p e n e d in S h a n g h a i in J a n u a r y , 1921. A s p e c ia l in v e s t ig a t io n o f
im p o r t c o m m o d itie s a n d C h in e s e m e t h o d s o f h a n d lin g im p o r t b u s i­
n e s s is n o w u n d e r w a y . T h e A m e r ic a n r e p r e s e n t a tiv e in C h in a fo r
th e in te r n a t io n a l c o n s o r tiu m h a s h a d th e a s s is t a n c e o f t h e a tta c h é
a n d o f M r . R h e a . P e r s o n a l s e r v ic e h a s b een r e n d e r e d to s e v e r a l
th o u s a n d c a lle r s a t th e C h in e se offices o f th e B u r e a u .
C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é J a m e s F . A b b o tt w a s in c h a r g e o f th e T o k y o
office d u r in g 1 9 2 0 -2 1 . T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r H . A . B u t t s a r r iv e d in
S e p te m b e r . T h e T o k y o office a ffo r d s v a lu a b le a id to lo c a l A m e r ic a n
r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s b y f u r n is h i n g d a t a o n lo c a l c o n d itio n s , in tr o d u c t io n s
t o J a p a n e s e c u s to m e r s, a n d a s s is t a n c e in a d j u s tm e n t o f d iffic u ltie s
w it h J a p a n e s e o fficial a g e n c ie s . I t h a s b e e n a c tiv e in a d j u s t in g tr a d e
d is p u t e s . P r o t e s t s w e r e e n te r e d r e g a r d in g d is c r im in a t io n a g a in s t
A m e r ic a n s h ip s a t K o b e a n d t h e c a u s e s f o r c o m p la in t w e r e r e m o v e d .
D u r i n g th e p a s t y e a r s p e c ia l r e p o r ts h a v e b e e n p r e p a r e d o n t h e s ilk
s it u a t io n , u n e m p lo y m e n t , t h e o i l s it u a t io n , c o a l r e so u r c e s, la b o r a n d
w a g e s , b r u sh e s , m e n th o l, s u g a r o f m ilk , t h e J a p a n e s e -G e r m a n e c o ­
n o m ic a g r e e m e n t, a n d t h e c o d fish in d u s t r y . M r . A b b o t t , i n p u r s u in g
a s p e c ia l s t u d y o f J a p a n e s e f u e l p r o b le m s , h a s m a d e e x t e n s iv e t r ip s
t o t h e M a n c h u r ia n a n d K y u s h u c o a l fie ld s. O n A p r i l 2 2 , h e l e f t
T o k y o o n a s p e c ia l m is s io n in S ib e r ia . M r . B u t t s h a s g i v e n s p e c ia l
a t t e n t io n to t h e s i l k s it u a t io n , w it h a v ie w n o t o n ly to k e e p in g
A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s w e ll in fo r m e d o f c u r r e n t d e v e lo p m e n t s , b u t o f
g a t h e r in g m a te r ia l f o r a g e n e r a l s t u d y o f t h e su b je c t . H e h a s t h u s
m a d e s e v e r a l t r ip s t o th e S h in s u a n d o th e r s il k d is tr ic t s .
T h e office a t M e lb o u r n e , A u s t r a lia , h a s c o n t in u e d in c h a r g e o f
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r A . W . F e r r in , w h o se m a in w o r k h a s c o n s is t e d
in m a k in g r e p r e s e n t a tio n s to th e c u s to m s a u t h o r it ie s , b y w h ic h a
n u m b e r o f c h a n g e s in d u t ie s a n d r e g u la t io n s h a v e b e e n e f f e c te d ; in
a s s is t in g in t h e a d j u d ic a t io n o f n u m e r o u s d is p u t e s a r is in g o u t o f
r e p u d ia tio n o f d r a f t s ; in h e l p in g lo c a l im p o r te r s o f A m e r ic a n g o o d s
t o o b t a in m e a n s o f r e m it t in g f u n d s o u t s id e t h e b a n k s ; in o b t a in in g
p e r m is s io n f o r A m e r ic a n fir m s to r e g is t e r f o r b u s in e s s u n d e r th e
w a r - p r e c a u tio n s a c t ; in f a c i l i t a t i n g t r a n s a c t io n s b e tw e e n A m e r ic a n
firm s a n d g o v e r n m e n t d e p a r t m e n t s ; in p r o m o t in g A m e r ic a n t e n ­
d e r s o n s u p p lie s f o r t h e n e w M o r w e ll p o w e r sc h e m e ( s e v e r a l o f w h ic h
h a v e b e e n s u c c e s s f u l) a n d te n d e r s o n s u p p lie s f o r t h e V ic t o r ia n R a i l ­
w a y s e q u ip m e n t b r a n c h ; a n d i n t h e p r e p a r a tio n o f n u m e r o u s s p e c ia l
r e p o r ts o n fin a n c ia l, m e r c a n t ile , a n d in d u s t r ia l s u b je c t s . A n e s ­
p e c ia lly im p o r t a n t m a tt e r w a s th e r e g is t r a t io n f o r b u s in e s s o f t w o
A m e r ic a n in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s . M r . F e r r i n v is it e d Q u e e n s la n d a n d
T a s m a n ia .
GENERAL

E C O N O M IC

SUR V EY S

BY

T R A V E L IN G

C O M M IS S I O N E R S .

T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r H . L a w r e n c e G r o v e s w a s a t Z u r ic h , S w it z e r ­
la n d , u n t il J a n u a r y , 1921, w h e n h e w a s a s s ig n e d to th e B a l t i c S t a t e s

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RKPORT OF TH E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

o f E s t h o n ia , L a t v i a , L it h u a n ia , a n d F i n l a n d , w i t h h e a d q u a r te r s i n
R ig a . D u r i n g th e l a s t s ix m o n th s o f 1920 h e s u b m it te d 56 s p e c ia l
r e p o r ts , p r e p a r e d a c o m m e r c ia l h a n d b o o k o f S w it z e r la n d , a n sw e r e d
tr a d e in q u ir ie s , a d ju s te d c la im s , a r o u s e d in te r e s t in A m e r ic a n g o o d s ,,
a n d to o k u p the m a tt e r o f d ir e c t r e p r e s e n ta tio n o f A m e r ic a n fir m s.
I n th e B a l t i c S t a t e s h e h a s t r a v e le d e x t e n s iv e ly a n d s u b m it te d r e g u ­
la r r e p o r ts , b e s id e s a i d in g A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n w h o h a v e v is it e d
R ig a a n d p l a c in g s e v e r a l o f th e m in to u c h w it h p u r c h a se r s.
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r E l i o t G . M e a r s h a s b ee n c o n t in u in g w o r k o n
a n e c o n o m ic h a n d b o o k o f G re e ce , w h ic h w i l l s o o n be c o m p le te d .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r P . L . B e ll m a d e a c o m p le t e s u r v e y o f t h e
r e so u r c e s, in d u s t r ie s , tr a n s p o r t a t io n , a n d c o m m e r c e o f V e n e z u e la , a s
w e ll a s a r e p o r t o n th e D u t c h W e s t I n d ie s . S p e c ia l a t te n t io n w asg iv e n t o tr a n s p o r t a t io n , m in in g , a g r ic u lt u r e , a n d c a t t le r a is in g . P e ­
tr o le u m w a s m a d e th e s u b je c t o f a s p e c ia l r e p o r t. A c a r e f u l a n a l y s is
w a s m a d e o f t h e f in a n c ia l c o n d itio n o f th e V e n e z u e la n G o v e r n m e n t.
M r. B e ll m a d e a c o n fe r e n c e t o u r o f 19 c it ie s in th e U n it e d S ta te s,,
m a k in g a d d r e ss e s a n d c o n f e r r in g w it h b u s in e s s m e n a n d o r g a n iz a ­
t io n s .
T h e B u r e a u h a s p u b lis h e d th e e c o n o m ic h a n d b o o k o f P a r a g u a y b y
fo r m e r T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r (n o w C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h é ) W . L .
S c h u r z , a n d h is h a n d b o o k o f B o l i v ia is n o w in p r in t.
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r F r a n k R . R u tt e r , w h o m a d e a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n
o f in d u s t r ia l c o n d itio n s in J a p a n d u r in g th e p a s t fisc a l y e a r , h a s
b een p r e p a r in g a n e x h a u s t iv e h a n d b o o k o f th e E m p ir e , w h ic h w i l l
b e c o m p le te d w it h in t h e n e x t f e w m o n th s.
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r J o h n A . F o w le r , w h o h a s b e e n in t h e E a s t
I n d ie s m o r e th a n tw o y e a r s , c o m p le t e d h is s u r v e y o f th e D u t c h E a s t
I n d ie s in N o v e m b e r , 1920, p r o c e e d in g th e n to B r i t i s h M a la y a . H e
h a s s u b m it te d h u n d r e d s o f r e p o r ts , o n p r a c t ic a lly e v e r y a s p e c t o f
e c o n o m ic c o n d itio n s . H e h a s g a th e r e d im p o r t a n t d a ta o n t h e S i n g ­
a p o r e s h i p p i n g s it u a t io n , i n c lu d in g m a te r ia l o n t h e v a r io u s s h i p p i n g
o r g a n iz a t io n s . M u c h a t te n t io n w a s g iv e n to th e m in e r a l-o il s it u a t io n .
I n B r it is h M a la y a , M r. F o w le r h a s s y s t e m a t ic a lly in v e s t ig a t e d t in
p r o d u c tio n , e s p e c ia lly a t S a la n g o r a n d P e r a k , a s w e ll a s r u b b er a n d
o th e r im p o r t a n t ite m s. H i s p r in c ip a l a c h ie v e m e n t, a s id e fr o m t h e
s t e a d y d e v e lo p m e n t o f h is e x t e n s iv e s u r v e y , h a s la in in o u t li n i n g t h e
p o s itio n o f B r it is h a n d D u t c h c o m p e t itio n in s h ip p i n g a n d i n t h e
m in e r a l-o il s it u a t io n a n d in d e f in in g th e s t a t u s o f t h e v a r io u s o r ­
g a n iz a t io n s a t B a t a v ia , S o e r a b a y a , a n d S in g a p o r e .
A f t e r r e m a in in g a t t h e a t ta c h e ’s office in P e k i n g d u r in g J u l y , 1 9 2 0 ,
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r C . C. B a t c h e ld e r m a d e i n v e s t ig a t io n s o f c o n d i­
t io n s in T ie n t s in , M u k d e n , H a r b in , a n d V la d iv o s t o k , a n d u p o n b e in g
o r d e r e d to I n d i a , w h ile a w a i t in g t r a n s p o r t a t io n in J a p a n d u r in g
S e p te m b e r , h e s tu d ie d t h e e ff e c t o f t h e in d u s t r ia l d e p r e s s io n u p o n

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J a p a n e s e c o m p e t itio n w it h A m e r ic a n g o o d s in I n d ia , b e sid e s r e p o r t ­
i n g o n th e c o m m e r c ia l m u s e u m s in T o k y o , N a g o y a , K y o t o , O sa k a ,
a n d S in g a p o r e . A f t e r a r r iv a l a t C a lc u tta in N o v e m b e r , 1920, M r.
B a t c h e ld e r r e p o r te d e x t e n s iv e ly o n lo c a l b u s in e s s c o n d itio n s a n d
m e th o d s , tr a n sp o r ta t io n f a c i l it ie s , a n d m a r k e t s fo r A m e r ic a n s p e c ia l­
tie s . D u r i n g J a n u a r y h e v is it e d th e p r in c ip a l c it ie s o f N o r th e r n
I n d ia ( a m o n g th e m B e n a r e s , A lla h a b a d , G a w n p o r e , D e l h i , A m r it s a r ,
a n d K a r a c h i) to d e te r m in e t h e ir im p o r ta n c e a s d is t r ib u t in g c e n te r s;
h e s tu d ie d t h e lo c a l p r o d u c t s a v a ila b le f o r e x p o r t to th e U n it e d S t a t e s
a n d , m o r e e s p e c ia lly , th e a r tic le s o f f o r e i g n o r ig in s o ld in th e b a z a a r s.
M a te r ia l w a s g a t h e r e d f o r a p r o p o s e d h a n d b o o k o f I n d i a a n d a
m o n o g r a p h o n I n d ia n m a r k e ts f o r A m e r ic a n g o o d s . D u r i n g F e b r u ­
a r y a n d M a r c h th e sa m e lin e o f w o r k w a s p u r s u e d a t J a ip u r , A h m e n a b a d , B a r o d a , B o m b a y , M a d r a s , a n d B e n g a lo r e .
I n A p r i l M r.
B a t c h e ld e r r e tu r n e d to C a lc u tta , a n d h e s p e n t M a y a t D a r j e e lin g in
th e p r e p a r a tio n o f r e p o r ts.
C O M M O D IT Y I N V E S T I G A T I O N S .

D u r i n g th e tw o y e a r s t h a t T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r R . A . L u n d q u is t
s p e n t in B r i t i s h S o u t h a n d P o r t u g u e s e E a st A f r ic a h e p r e p a r e d a
t e c h n ic a l m o n o g r a p h o n e le c tr ic a l g o o d s , se c u r e d d a ta fo r a r e p o r t
o n h a r d w a r e , r e p o r te d o n th e c o o p e r a tiv e m o v e m e n t, an d c a r r ie d
o u t g e n e r a l t r a d e - p r o m o tiv e a c t iv it ie s . M e g a v e m u c h t im e to th e
a d ju s tm e n t o f p o s t a r m is t ic e c la im s . E l e c t r ic m in i n g in s t a lla t io n s
a n d p r o b le m s c o n n e c te d w it h th e p r o p o s e d e le c tr ific a tio n o f p o r t io n s
o f t h e S o u t h A f r ic a n r a ilw a y s r e c e iv e d h is c lo se a t te n t io n . M r.
L u n d q u is t s u b s e q u e n tly p r o c e e d e d to I n d i a to p r e p a r e a r e p o r t o n
•e le c tr ica l g o o d s . H e r e tu r n e d to th e U n it e d S t a t e s in M a r c h , 1921,
v is it e d v a r io u s c it ie s f o r c o n fe r e n c e s w it h b u sin e ss m e n , a n d a id e d
m a n u f a c t u r e r s a n d c o m m e r c ia l h o u s e s in te r e s te d in h is fo r m e r t e r ­
r it o r y .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r W a lt e r H . R a s t a ll c o m p le te d h is s u r v e y o f
t h e A s i a t i c m a r k e ts f o r in d u s t r ia l m a c h in e r y . H e r e tu r n e d to th e
U n it e d S t a t e s in J u n e , 1 9 2 1 , f o r t h e p u r p o se o f p r e p a r in g a c o m ­
p l e t e r e p o r t on t h e s u b je c t a n d e s t a b lis h in g c o n t a c t w it h in te r e s te d
p e r s o n s . H e d e v o te d p a r t ic u la r a t t e n t io n to th e m a r k e ts o f th e
D u t c h E a s t I n d ie s a n d B r it is h I n d i a , w h ic h a r e r e la t iv e ly l it t l e
know n.
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r P h i l i p S . S m it h h a s c o n tin u e d h is i n v e s t ig a ­
t io n o f m a r k e ts f o r in d u s t r ia l s u p p lie s in S o u t h A m e r ic a . H e h a s
c o m p le t e d s u r v e y s o f A r g e n t in a , B r a z i l, a n d C h ile . I t is e x p e c te d
t h a t t h is in v e s t ig a t io n w i l l b e c o m p le te d w it h in (h e n e x t fis c a l y e a r .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r H e n r y F . G r a d v c o m p le te d h is in v e s t ig a t io n
o f f in a n c ia l c o n d itio n s in th e U n it e d K in g d o m a n d w a s la te r a s s ig n e d

62

REPORT OF T H E SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

to t e m p o r a r y d u t y in v a r io u s E u r o p e a n offices, a f t e r w h ic h h e r e ­
tu r n e d to th e U n it e d States a n d w a s d e t a ile d to a d iv is io n o f t h e
B u r e a u a t W a s h in g to n .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r N o r m a n H e r t z c o m p le te d h is in v e s t ig a t io n
o f m a r k e ts f o r le a t h e r g o o d s i n E u r o p e , c o v e r in g th e U n it e d K i n g ­
d o m , F r a n c e , B e lg iu m , a n d S c a n d in a v ia .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r J . M o r g a n C le m e n ts fin is h e d h is e x te n d e d
s u r v e y o f m in e r a l r e so u r c e s in t h e F a r E a s t a n d s a ile d f o r t h e
U n it e d S t a t e s in J u n e . H i s r e p o r ts w ill c o v e r C h in a a n d J a p a n .
T r a d e C o m m is s io n e r G e o r g e E . H o o k e r h a s c o n tin u e d h is i n v e s t i ­
g a t io n o f tr a n s p o r t a t io n in th e U n it e d S ta te s .
C o m m e r c ia l A t t a c h e P a u l L . E d w a r d s h a s b e e n d e t a ile d d u r in g
t h e g r e a te r p a r t o f th e fis c a l y e a r to th e D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e , w h e r e
h e h a s s e r v e d a s s e c r e ta r y o f t h e I n t e r n a t io n a l E le c t r ic a l C o m m u n i­
c a tio n s C o n fe r e n c e . H e c o m p le te d t h is w o r k in M a y a n d t h e n s a ile d
f o r h is n e w p o s t in C o n st a n tin o p le .
D I S T R I C T A N D C O O P E R A T I V E O F F IC E S .

I n t im a t e , p e r s o n a l c o n t a c t b e tw e e n th e B u r e a u a n d th e b u s in e s s
m e n o f th e p r in c ip a l c o m m e r c ia l c e n te r s is a ffo r d e d m a in ly t h r o u g h
th e s y s te m o f b r a n c h offices— th e e ig h t d is t r ic t offices m a in t a in e d b y
B u r e a u f u n d s a t N e w Y o r k , B o s t o n , C h ic a g o , S t . L o u is , N e w O r le a n s ,
S a n F r a n c is c o , S e a t t le , a n d M a n ila , a n d t h e c o o p e r a tiv e offices in 18
o t h e r c it ie s s u p p o r t e d f in a n c ia lly b y lo c a l o r g a n iz a t io n s b u t p r o v id e d
w it h B u r e a u s e r v ic e .
T h e s p e c ia l im p o r ta n c e o f th e s e offices a r is e s f r o m th e f a c t t h a t
th e y a r e im m e d ia t e ly a c c e s s ib le , so t h a t w h e n a lo c a l m e r c h a n t o r
m a n u f a c t u r e r is u r g e n t ly in n e e d o f in f o r m a t io n w it h r e sp e c t to f o r ­
e ig n t r a d e , h e n e e d o n ly ta k e d o w n h is te le p h o n e r e c e iv e r to b e s u p ­
p lie d w it h d a ta c o lle c t e d b y t r a in e d G o v e r n m e n t in v e s t ig a t o r s o n th e
u p p e r Y a n g t z e R iv e r , in th e fis h in g p o r t s o f N o r w a y , o r o n th e h ig h
B o l i v ia n t a b le - la n d . I f h e c a lls p e r s o n a lly a t th e d is t r ic t office, h e
fin d s a v a ila b le f o r h is u se a v a s t a m o u n t o f p r a c tic a l m a te r ia l in
p r in te d f o r m , a s w e ll a s th e a d v ic e a n d a s s is ta n c e o f c o m m e r c ia l e x ­
p e r ts. T h a t b u s in e s s m e n a re a liv e to t h e v a lu e o f su c h s e r v ic e i s
in d ic a t e d b y th e 39 .53 1 c a lls a t s e v e n o f th e d is t r ic t offices d u r in g th e
p a s t fisca l y e a r , a n d b y e x p r e s s io n s o f a p p r e c ia t io n su c h a s t h is fr o m
a S t . L o u is e le c tr ic a l m a n u f a c t u r in g firm :
I t is e s p e c ia lly g r a t i f y i n g to k n o w t lia t t h i s w e a lt h o f t h o r o u g h ly r e lia b le in ­
fo r m a tio n is in su c h p r o x im it y t h a t i t c a n h e o b ta in e d , o n e m ig h t sa y , a t a
m o m e n t's n o tic e . W e a r e v e r y e n t h u s ia s t ic a b o u t th e B u r e a u ’s S t. L o u is s e r v ic e .

T h e se v e n d is t r ic t offices in t h is c o u n tr y r e c e iv e d 8 6 ,5 0 8 le t t e r s d u r ­
i n g th e p a s t fis c a l y e a r a n d w r o te 5 1 ,5 2 8 . T h e y s e n t o u t 2 9 ,8 8 3 c ir ­
c u la r o r fo r m le tte r s . T h e y s u p p lie d “ f o r e ig n tr a d e o p p o r t u n it y ”
in f o r m a t io n a n d “ tr a d e l is t s ” to th e n u m b e r o f 2 2 6 ,8 0 3 , s o ld a b o u t

BEPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP COMMERCE.

63

$ 1 2 ,0 0 0 w o r th o f B u r e a u p u b lic a tio n s , a n d o b t a in e d 900 n e w s u b ­
sc r ib e r s to C o m m er c e R e p o r t s , th e B u r e a u ’s c o m m e r c ia l jo u r n a l. L e t ­
te r s in th e B u r e a u ’s file s sh o w t h a t th e f u r n is h in g o f a s in g le sh e e t o f
sp e c ific c o m m e r c ia l d a ta o f t e n le a d s to v e r y la r g e o r d e r s fr o m a b r o a d ;
a n d w it h t h a t f a c t in m in d o n e c a n r e a d ily u n d e r s ta n d th e s ig n if i­
c a n c e o f th e d istr ic t-o ffic e a c t iv it y t h a t d e a ls in su c h “ tr a d e h e l p s ”
b y h u n d r e d s o f th o u s a n d s .
W h ile d is t r ib u t io n a n d d is s e m in a tio n fo r m th e la r g e s t p a r t o f th e
w o r k in th e se offices, th e “ g a t h e r i n g ” a c t i v i t y f u n c t io n s s im u lt a n e ­
o u s ly . T h e B u r e a u is d a ily in r e c e ip t o f m a te r ia l fr o m a ll p a r t s o f
th e w o r ld t h a t r e q u ir e s lo c a l in v e s t ig a t io n in t h is c o u n tr y b e fo r e it
c a n b e p r o p e r ly u t iliz e d . M u c h o f t h is is h ig h l y c o n fid e n tia l in c h a r ­
a c te r a n d p l a y s a n im p o r t a n t r o le in th e p r o m o tio n o f f o r e ig n tr a d e .
IN C R E A SE D

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T h e L a t in A m e r ic a n d iv is io n o f t h e B u r e a u h a s r e n d e r e d n o ta b le
s e r v ic e t o A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n d u r in g th e y e a r j u s t p a s t. T h e
w o r k o f t h e d iv is io n c o n s is t s i n g a t h e r in g , a s s im ila t in g , a n d d is ­
t r ib u t in g c o m m e r c ia l in f o r m a t io n c o n c e r n in g a ll t h a t p o r t io n o f th e
W e s te r n H e m is p h e r e l y i n g s o u th o f t h e U n it e d S t a te s . T h e m a in
so u r c e s o f in f o r m a t io n a re th e r e p o r ts o f t h e c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h e s a n d
tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , t h o s e o f t h e
d ip lo m a t ic a n d c o n s u la r officers o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e , a n d 1 8 2
p e r io d ic a ls p e r t a in in g t o L a t in A m e r ic a , t o g e t h e r w it h c a ta lo g u e s ,
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s a t is f a c t o r y a n s w e r s c a n b e o b ta in e d t o q u e s tio n s o f p r a c t ic a lly a n y
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p o r ts a n d th e p r e s s , b y c o n fid e n tia l c ir c u la r s , b y c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , a n d
o r a lly .

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e n c e is in d ic a te d
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E a c h y e a r a l a r g e r n u m b e r o f v i s i t o r s c a l l a t t h e o ffic e s o f

t h e d iv is io n , 520 b e in g r e c o r d e d in

1921.
T h e L a t in A m e r ic a n d iv is io n c o n d u c ts r e se a r c h c o v e r in g a w id e
v a r ie t y o f su b je c ts. I f th e r e se a r c h r e s u lt s in a r e p o r t t h a t se e m s to
b e o f g e n e r a l in te r e s t, t h is i s p u b lis h e d in C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s in t h e
fo r m o f a “ L a t i n A m e r ic a n c ir c u la r .” T w e lv e su c h c ir c u la r s w e r e
p u b lis h e d d u r in g th e y e a r , in c lu d in g “ I n t e r - A m e r ic a n c a b le f a c i l i ­
t ie s ,” “ T h e p e tr o le u m in d u s t r y o f M e x ic o ,” “ T h e p e tr o le u m in d u s t r y
a n d l a w s o f C o lo m b ia ,” “ I n v e s t m e n t o f A r g e n t in e c a p it a l s in c e
1 9 1 4,” “ T r a d e o f th e U n it e d S t a te s w it h L a t in A m e r ic a in 1 9 2 0 ,”

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

64

d is c u s s io n s o f a u to m o b ile m a r k e ts i n C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , in C o lo m b ia
a n d V e n e z u e la , a n d in M e x ic o , a n d c ir c u la r s o n t h e lu m b e r m a r k e ts
o f M e x ic o , th e W e s t I n d ie s , C e n tr a l A m e r ic a , a n d o th e r p o r t io n s o f
L a t in A m e r ic a .
T h e c o n g e s tio n a t th e p o r t o f H a b a n a , C u b a , w h ic h d e v e lo p e d in
t h e e a r ly p a r t o f 1 92 0 a n d g r e w r a p id ly w o r se d u r in g th e s p r in g a n d
su m m e r , le d t h e S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m e r c e to a p p o in t a c o m m itt e e r e p ­
r e s e n t in g t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n in te r e s ts to v i s i t C u b a
t o in v e s t ig a t e a n d m a k e r e c o m m e n d a tio n s .
T h e D ir e c t o r o f t h e
B u r e a u a n d th e c h ie f o f th e L a t in A m e r ic a n d iv is io n w e r e m e m b e r s
o f t h is c o m m itt e e . T h e r e w a s c o o p e r a tio n w it h a C u b a n c o m m itte e
a p p o in t e d b y P r e s id e n t M e n o c a l. A f t e r a t w o - w e e k s in v e s t ig a t io n
t h e C u b a n a n d A m e r ic a n c o m m itt e e s r e n d e r e d to P r e s id e n t M e n o c a l
a j o in t r e p o r t, m a n y o f t h e p r o v is io n s o f w h ic h w e r e la t e r p u t in to
e ffe c t b y C o l. D e s p la in e s , w h o w a s a p p o in t e d s p e c ia l s u p e r v is o r o f
t h e p o r t. T h e w o r k o f th e c o m m itt e e a id e d m a t e r ia lly in th e s o lu tio n
o f t h e c o n g e s tio n p r o b le m .
O th e r

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w ere th e em b a rg o
em b a rg o , th e

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and

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w o r k o f th e S u g a r F in a n c e C o m m is s io n .

th e

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U n io n T e le g r a p h C o . a n d t h e A ll- A m e r ic a s C a b le C o . t o e x t e n d a n d
im p r o v e

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T h e I n t e r n a t io n a l C o n g r e s s o f M e r c h a n ts a t M e x ic o C it y , th e M e x ­
ic a n

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C o m m is s io n ,

th e

P e r u v ia n

C en ten a ry

E x p o s itio n

(1 9 2 1 ), a n d t h e B r a z i l i a n C e n t e n n ia l E x p o s i t i o n (1 9 2 2 ) w e r e a m o n g
th e tr a d e -p r o m o tin g p r o je c ts to w h ic h a tte n t io n w a s g iv e n .
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p r o v id in g in fo r m a tio n a s to th e m e th o d s o f e n te r in g th e L a t in A m e r i­
ca n m a r k e t.

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p o r t s ; th e T o r n q u is t p r o p o s a l fo r e s ta b lis h in g a “ r e v o lv in g c r e d it ”
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b r a n c h e s o f th e N a tio n a l C ity B a n k ; th e r e n e w a l o f G e r m a n c o m p e ­
t itio n ; th e m e th o d s o f tr a n s fe r r in g m o n e y fr o m E c u a d o r in s p ite o f
t h e fix e d r a t e o f e x c h a n g e ; a n d t h e p a r t ic ip a t io n b y A m e r ic a n fir m s
in th e A s s o c ia tio n o f N itr a te P r o d u c e r s.
E X P A N SIO N A N D D E V E L O P M E N T OF FAR EA ST E R N W ORK.
The
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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
m a n n e r d u r in g th e p a s t y e a r .
i t s v a lu e m a t e r ia lly e n h a n c e d .

65

T h e se r v ic e h a s b e en e x p a n d e d a n d

A m o n g th e in n o v a t io n s is a “ f o llo w - u p ” s y s te m b y w h ic h th e
d iv is io n k e e p s in to u c h w it h p e r so n s w h o h a v e m a n if e s t e d in te r e s t
in a p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t a n d s u p p lie s th e m w it h p e r t in e n t d a ta o b ­
ta in e d b y th e B u r e a u . T h is f e a t u r e h a s b e e n g r e a t ly a p p r e c ia te d ,
a n d d u r in g th e y e a r 5 0 0 n a m e s w e r e p la c e d o n th e l i s t o f th o s e d e s ir ­
i n g th e s e r v ic e .
W e e k ly “ r e se r v e b u lle t in s ” (a n n o u n c e d in C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s )
h a v e c o n ta in e d th e g i s t o f th e 7 ,5 00 c lip p in g s m a d e in th e d iv is io n
d u r in g th e y e a r .
A m e th o d h a s b e e n a d o p te d o f d i g e s t i n g th e m a te r ia l in th e d i v i ­
s io n ^ c o lla t io n file s, a s o f J a n u a r y 1, 1 9 2 1 , a n d c ir c u la t in g th e e s se n ­
t ia l in f o r m a t io n in c o m p a c t s ta t e m e n t s o f f o u r or fiv e t y p e w r it t e n
pages.
D u r in g th e y e a r th e r e w e re a d d e d to th e d iv is io n ’s file s 15,000
c a r d s r e c o r d in g th e r e c e ip t o f in f o r m a t io n fr o m G o v e r n m e n t r e p r e ­
s e n ta t iv e s a n d 1,700 a d d it io n a l c a r d s i n d e x in g b o o k s a n d p a m p h le ts
a n d m a g a z in e a r tic le s n o t c lip p e d .
I n r e sp o n s e to w r it t e n in q u ir ie s , t h e d iv is io n p r e p a r e d 6 ,3 4 9 le tte r s ,
a s c o m p a r e d w it h 5,901 d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r 1920, a n d t h is c o n s t i­
t u te s th e m o st h e l p f u l a n d s ig n if ic a n t p h a s e o f its w o r k . N e a r ly
400 v e r b a l in q u ir ie s w e re a tte n d e d to in th e d iv is io n .
A b o u t h a lf o f th e F a r E a s t e r n d iv is io n ’s s ta ff is e n g a g e d in d i g e s t ­
in g a n d r e w r it in g r e p o r ts fr o m c o n s u ls a n d B u r e a u fie ld officers,
so t h a t t h e y m a y b e m o re r e a d ily u se d in C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s a n d b y
th e p r e ss. T h e s e a r tic le s a p p e a r a s “ E c o n o m ic a n d tr a d e n o t e s ” in
C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts , o n e d a y a w e e k e a c h b e in g a llo t te d to J a p a n ,
C h in a , A u s t r a la s ia , a n d th e F a r E a s t e r n T r o p ic s ( in c l u d i n g I n d ia ,
S ia m , M a la y a , a n d th e D u tc h E a s t I n d i e s ) . T h e s e n o te s a re w id e ly
c o p ie d a n d h a v e p r o v e d v e r y e ff e c tiv e . T h e e n e r g ie s o f th e sta ff
h a v e b een t a x e d in e x p a n d in g a n d in t e r p r e t in g c a b le m e s s a g e s fr o m
t h e fie ld a n d in h a n d lin g th e n e w m o n t h ly s t a t is t ic a l
in a u g u r a t e d , w h e r e b y s t a t is t ic s o f A m e r ic a n tr a d e in
w it h F a r E a s t e r n c o u n tr ie s a r e p r e p a r e d fr o m th e
B u r e a u ’s s t a t is t ic a l d iv is io n a n d , w it h a p p r o p r ia te

s e r v ic e r e c e n tly
53 c o m m o d itie s
r e c o r d s o f th e
in te r p r e ta t io n ,

a re p u b lis h e d 2 0 d a y s a f t e r th e fir st o f e a c h m o n th .
R e v is io n o f tr a d e l is t s o c c u p ie d a g o o d d e a l o f th e d i v is i o n ’s tim e .
S i x h u n d r e d l is t s w e r e is s u e d d u r in g th e y e a r , a n d , o f th e s e , tw o t h ir d s w e r e n e w .
T h e d iv is io n

h a s been con cern ed

d u r i n g t h e y e a r , in o n e w a y o r

a n o th e r , w ith m o s t o f th e o u t s t a n d in g e c o n o m ic a n d s o c ia l d e v e lo p ­
m e n ts in th e E a s t.

66

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

L a r g e ly t h r o u g h th e c o n s tr u c t iv e c o o p e r a tio n o f t h e A m e r ic a n
c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h e a t T o k y o , a c t in g o n in s t r u c t io n s fr o m th e
B u r e a u , a g r e a t im p r o v e m e n t w a s e ffe c te d in t h e p o r t c o n d it io n s a t
K o b e , J a p a n , w h e r e d e v e lo p m e n t s h a d o c c u r r e d v e r y d e t r im e n ta l to
th e t r a n s s h ip m e n t o f A m e r ic a n g o o d s to th e O r ie n t.
A n A m e r ic a n c o m p a n y in te r e s te d in d e v e lo p in g th e m a n u f a c t u r e
o f c a b le s w is h e d to o b t a in in f o r m a t io n o n th e o r ig in a l so u r c e s o f
g u t ta - p e r c h a , a n d t h e tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r a t S in g a p o r e , a t th e s u g ­
g e s t io n o f t h e B u r e a u , m a d e a n e x h a u s t iv e s t u d y o f th e s u b je c t w h ic h
t u g a l, A u s t r ia , C z e c h o s lo v a k ia , H u n g a r y , C a n a d a , a n d (b e c a u se o f
w a s o f s u b s t a n t ia l b e n e fit to th e in d u s t r y .
T h e “ C h in a T r a d e A c t o f 1921 ” f o s t e r e d b y R e p r e s e n ta t iv e L . C.
D y e r , o f M is s o u r i, w a s p e r fe c t e d fr o m a d r a f t p r e p a r e d in th e
s o lic it o r ’s office o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t a s th e r e su lt o f c o n fe r e n c e s b e ­
tw e e n t h e F a r E a s t e r n d iv is io n a n d r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s o f o th e r G o v ­
e r n m e n t d e p a r tm e n ts in te r e s te d . T h e b ill p a ss e d th e H o u s e o f R e p ­
r e s e n t a t iv e s e a r ly in t h e fir s t s e ss io n o f t h e S ix t y - s e v e n t h C o n g r e s s
a n d is n o w u n d e r c o n s id e r a t io n in th e J u d ic ia r y C o m m it te e o f th e
S e n a te .
T h e B u r e a u h a s s u p p o r te d th e m o v e m e n t to r e la x t h e im m ig r a ­
tio n la w s s u ffic ie n tly to p e r m it c e r t a in C h in e s e s tu d e n ts to d e v o te
p a r t o f t h e ir t im e to a c tu a l e x p e r ie n c e in A m e r ic a n s h o p p r a c tic e ,
b e c a u se o f a r e a liz a t io n t h a t th e m o s t im p o r t a n t f a c t o r in f u tu r e
s a le s o f A m e r ic a n m a c h in e r y in C h in a w i l l b e A m e r ic a n - tr a in e d
C h in e se e n g in e e r s .
W O R K IN C O N N E C T IO N W I T H

EU R O PE, CANADA, AND

AFRICA.

T h e o r g a n iz a t io n a n d m e t h o d s o f t h e E u r o p e a n d iv is io n a re
s im ila r to th o s e o f th e o ld e r L a t in A m e r ic a n a n d F a r E a s t e r n d i v i ­
s io n s. I t g a t h e r s a n d d is s e m in a te s d a t a in m u c h t h e sa m e m a n n e r .
I t c o v e r s , h o w e v e r , a la r g e r fie ld t h a n a n y o f t h e o th e r g e o g r a p h ic a l
d iv is io n s , it s t e r r it o r y i n c lu d in g t h e U n it e d K in g d o m , F r a n c e , G e r ­
m a n y , B e lg iu m , t h e N e t h e r la n d s , I t a l y , S c a n d in a v ia , S p a in , P o r th e in c lu s io n o f c e r t a in c o lo n ie s ) p r a c t ic a lly a ll A f r ic a .
O b v io u s ly , th e d iv is io n h a s to d e a l w it h m a n y p r o b le m s t h a t a re
p e c u lia r ly p e r p le x in g b y r e a s o n o f th e v ir t u a l d is in t e g r a t io n o f th e
p r e w a r e c o n o m ic s tr u c tu r e i n c e r t a in s e c t io n s o f E u r o p e . I t h a s
r e n d e r e d n o ta b le s e r v ic e b y w a t c h in g t h e s t r i k i n g d e v e lo p m e n t s in
E u r o p e a n e c o n o m ic l i f e a n d in t e r p r e t in g t h e m f o r t h e b e n e fit o f
A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s . B y p r e s e n t in g d e p e n d a b le d a t a a n d d r a w in g
v a lid c o n c lu s io n s fr o m th e m , i t h a s e n a b le d f o r e ig n tr a d e r s u t i l i z i n g
i t s s e r v ic e t o a v o id n u m e r o u s p i t f a l l s a n d t o p r o c e e d a s p r u d e n t ly
a s p o s s ib le .
M u c h a s s is t a n c e h a s b e e n g i v e n t h r o u g h t h e m e d iu m o f le t t e r s
w r it t e n in th e d iv is io n . F o r p u b lic a tio n i n C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s t h e

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

67

E u r o p e a n d iv is io n h a s p r e p a r e d a b o u t 3 0 s e r ie s o f tr a d e a n d e c o n o m ic
n o te s a n d n u m e r o u s lo n g e r a r tic le s .
PR O M O T IO N OF COM M ERCE W IT H

N EA R EAST.

O n J u l y 1 , 1 9 2 1, t h e N e a r E a s t e r n d iv is io n o f t h e B u r e a u c o m ­
p le te d t h e fir s t y e a r o f i t s in d e p e n d e n t e x is t e n c e ( t h o u g h i t h a d
a c te d p r a c t ic a lly a s a n a u to n o m o u s u n it s in c e J a n u a r y , 1 9 2 0 ) . T h e
c o u n t r ie s a n d r e g io n s c o v e r e d in c lu d e R u m a n ia , B u lg a r i a , J u g o ­
s la v ia , A lb a n ia , G r e e c e , T u r k e y , S m y r n a , M e s o p o ta m ia , P a le s t in e ,
S y r i a , A r a b ia , P e r s ia , A f g h a n i s t a n , E g y p t , A b y s s in ia , E r it r e a ,
C y p r u s , t h e D o d e c a n e s e I s la n d s , a n d th e M a lt e s e I s la n d s .
T h e N e a r E a s t h a s g r e a t p o t e n t ia lit ie s , i t d e se r v e s c a r e f u l a t t e n ­
t io n b y fir m s in t h is c o u n t r y , a n d t h e w o r k o f t h e B u r e a u ’s N e a r
E a s t e r n d iv is io n is c o r r e s p o n d in g ly im p o r ta n t. T h is w o r k h a s i n ­
c r e a se d in a ll d ir e c tio n s. I n q u ir ie s f o r in f o r m a t io n , a n d t h e r e s u lt ­
i n g c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , h a v e b e e n a u g m e n te d b y s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e r
c e n t. V a r io u s c o m p ila t io n s h a v e b e e n p u b lis h e d in C o m m e r c e R e ­
p o r t s , a r tic le s h a v e b e e n p r e p a r e d f o r t r a d e p e r io d ic a ls , a n d m a te r ia l
h a s b e e n d is tr ib u t e d t h r o u g h tr a d e a s s o c ia tio n s .
M u c h in f o r m a t io n c o n c e r n in g t h e N e a r E a s t w a s d is se m in a te d
t h r o u g h C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts . C o n sid e r a b le m a te r ia l a p p e a r e d in t h e
fo r m o f “ E c o n o m ic n o t e s .” I n so m e c a s e s it w a s s im p ly a n n o u n c e d
t h a t m a te r ia l w a s a v a ila b le , a n d th e n t h e w h o le r e p o r t o r i t s e s s e n tia l
p a r t w a s s e n t o u t o n r e q u e st. C e r ta in r e p o r ts w e r e issu e d a s c o n fi­
d e n t ia l c ir c u la r s .
I n q u ir ie s a d d r e ss e d to th e d iv is io n c o v e r e d a w id e fie ld .

A m ong

th e m o r e s ig n if ic a n t m a tt e r s w e r e th e o il q u e s tio n ( in R u m a n ia ,
M e s o p o ta m ia , P e r s ia , E g y p t , P a le s t in e , a n d e ls e w h e r e ) , t h e s h i p ­
p i n g o f E g y p t i a n lo n g - s t a p le c o tt o n , a n d p u r c h a se s o f c u r r a n ts fr o m
G reece.

A s a r e s u lt o f t h e d iv is i o n ’s e ff o r ts a c la s s ific a tio n o f G re e k

c u r r a n ts f o r e x p o r t a t io n to t h is c o u n t r y h a s b ee n a d o p te d b y th e
P a t r a s ( G r e e c e ) c o n s u la te , a n d a n im p r o v e m e n t is e x p e c te d in th e
q u a lit y o f c u r r a n ts s o ld a s fo o d in th e U n it e d S ta te s .
A g o o d d e a l o f in f o r m a t io n w a s g iv e n o u t r e g a r d in g t h e g e n e r a l
e c o n o m ic a n d fin a n c ia l c o n d itio n o f R u m a n ia a n d it s a g r ic u lt u r a l
a n d in d u s t r ia l r e so u r c e s. O th e r m a tt e r s t h a t e x c it e d in te r e s t in e lu d e d c o n c e ss io n s in v a r io u s c o u n tr ie s , th e u se o f c a b le s a n d a lle g e d
d is c r im in a t io n a g a in s t A m e r ic a n c o n c e r n s, th e e x c h a n g e q u e s tio n ,
m in e r a l r e so u r c e s , m a r k e ts f o r m o to r v e h ic le s a n d a g r e a t m a n y o th e r
a r tic le s , p o r ts a n d t e r m in a ls , t e le p h o n e s , t e le g r a p h s , a n d r a ilw a y s ,
t r a c t o r t r ia ls , n a t io n a l d e b ts, t h e m ix e d c o u r ts o f E g y p t , m o tio n p ic tu r e film s, e tc .
T here

w a s c lo s e c o o p e r a tio n

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68

REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

tio n o f th e A m e r ic a n C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e fo r th e L e v a n t a t C o n ­
s ta n tin o p le .
R E SU L T S A T T A IN E D BY R U SSIA N D IV ISIO N .
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v a ilin g th r o u g h o u t m u c h o f th e te r r it o r y w it h w h ic h i t d e a ls .

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s p ite th e s e d is a d v a n ta g e s , h o w e v e r , s o m e t h in g h a s b e e n a c c o m p lis h e d
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g iv e n to A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n d e s ir in g to tr a d e w ith th o s e r e g io n s
o f th e fo r m e r R u s s ia n E m p ir e w h e r e c o m m e r c ia l tr a n s a c tio n s c o u ld
s a fe ly b e u n d e r ta k e n .
T h e d iv is io n c o v e r s th e fo r m e r R u s s ia n E m p ir e , w h ic h a t p r e s e n t
is

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a n d F in la n d .

A c ir c u la r iz in g o f A m e r ic a n fir m s a t th e e n d o f J u n e , 1921, b r o u g h t
r e p lie s fr o m n e a r ly 1,800 c o n c e r n s t h a t d e c la r e d t h e m s e lv e s in te r e s te d
in th e R u s s ia n field . D u r in g th e p a s t fisc a l y e a r th e R u s s ia n d iv is io n
o f th e B u r e a u h a n d le d m o re th a n 2 ,7 00 le t t e r s , in c o m in g a n d o u t ­
g o in g , m a n y o f w h ic h r e q u ir e d a la r g e a m o u n t o f r e se a r c h w o r k .
N e a r ly 4 ,00 0 r e p o r ts a n d p u b lic a tio n s r e la t in g t o t h is fie ld w e r e
r e a d , c h e c k e d , c o m m e n te d o n , o r t r a n s la t e d ( i f in R u s s i a n ) , a n d
c la s s ifie d in su c h a m a n n e r t h a t th e f u lle s t p o s s ib le u se m ig h t b e
m a d e o f th e m — b y p u b lic a tio n in C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s o r t h e p r e s s,
o r b y th e ir p r e p a r a tio n a s s p e c ia l c ir c u la r s . T h is w o r k is r e n d e r e d
e x c e p t io n a lly d iffic u lt b y th e f a c t t h a t n o ite m o f in c o m in g i n f o r m a ­
t io n c a n be d e f in it e ly a c c e p te d a s r e lia b le w it h o u t fir st b e in g s u b ­
j e c t e d t o a r ig id p r o c e ss o f v e r if ic a tio n .
S o m e o f th e a r tic le s p r e p a r e d in t h e R u s s ia n d iv is io n a n d p u b ­
lis h e d in C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts a r e : “ N e e d s a n d r e so u r c e s o f th e C r im e a ,”
“ T h e b r is t le in d u s t r y o f R u s s ia ,” “ T u n g s t e n in R u s s ia ,” “ P o s s ib le
d e v e lo p m e n t s in R u s s ia ’s c h e m ic a l in d u s t r y a n d t r a d e .” “ F u r s a n d
o th e r r a w m a te r ia ls .” “ R u ss ia n o s m ir id iu m a n d o th e r p la tin u m
p r o d u c ts ,” “ P o t e n t ia l b e e t- s u g a r in d u s t r y in C o u r la n d ,” “ L a t v ia n
e x p o r t s a n d im p o r t s ,” “ T r a d e in P e r s ia n la m b s k in s ,” a n d “ P e ­
tr o le u m in d u s t r y in p r e w a r R u s s ia .”
T h e e x p e r t in c h a r g e o f th e d iv is io n p r e p a r e d a c o m p r e h e n s iv e r e ­
p o r t ( p r a c t ic a lly a h a n d b o o k ) o n th e B a l t ic P r o v in c e s , t h e g a t e w a y
to R u s s i a ; t h is h a s 128 p a g e s a n d w a s p u b lis h e d a s S u p p le m e n t N o .
16c t o C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts . A t r a n s la t io n o f a d e t a ile d a c c o u n t o f th e
in d u s t r ie s o f S o v ie t R u s s ia d u r in g 1920 w a s b e g u n to w a r d th e e n d o f
t h e fisc a l y e a r . T h e lis t o f p u b lic a tio n s o n R u s s ia in t h e E n g li s h
la n g u a g e w a s r e v is e d a n d e n la r g e d . V a r io u s c ir c u la r s w e r e p r e ­
p a r e d a n d se n t to th e firm s o n th e “ R u s s ia n m a ilin g l is t .” I n f o r m a -

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

69

tio n s e n t in b y B u r e a u r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s in P o la n d a n d t h e B a lt ic
P r o v in c e s w a s d ig e s t e d b y th e d iv is io n a n d s u b m it te d , in a p p r o ­
p r ia te f o r m , to t h e A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s c o m m u n ity .
D u r i n g th e y e a r th e p e r s o n n e l o f t h e d iv is io n h a s c o n s is te d o f o n ly
tw o p e r s o n s , a n e x p e r t a n d a s te n o g r a p h e r , b u t a r r a n g e m e n ts h a v e
b e en m a d e to in c r e a se th e s t a if to m e e t t h e d e m a n d s t h a t w i l l b e m a d e
u p o n it d u r in g th e c o m in g y e a r .
D IV ISIO N

O F STA TISTIC S.

T h e B u r e a u ’s d iv is io n o f s t a t is t ic s r e p o r ts t h a t th e n u m b e r o f i n ­
q u ir ie s r e la t in g to c o m m e r c ia l a n d o th e r fig u r e s in c r e a s e d m a te r ia lly
d u r in g t h e p a s t y e a r . T h e d iv is io n f u r n is h e s a ll a v a ila b le s t a t is t ic s
o n e a c h q u e stio n s u b m it te d .
C o n g r e s s io n a l c o n s id e r a t io n o f t h e n e w t a r if f b ill r e su lt e d in m a n y
in q u ir ie s f o r s t a t is t ic s fr o m b u s in e s s c o n c e r n s a n d M e m b e r s o f C o n ­
g r e s s . T a b le s s h o w in g im p o r t s fr o m a n d e x p o r t s to 30 p r in c ip a l
c o u n tr ie s o f a g r ic u lt u r a l p r o d u c ts d u r in g th e la s t 10 y e a r s w e re
c o m p ile d f o r th e W a y s a n d M e a n s C o m m itte e .
A n a d v is o r y s t a t is t ic a l c o m m itt e e , a f t e r a n in v e s t ig a t io n o f th e
m e th o d s o f th e B u r e a u o f C u st o m s S t a t is t ic s , r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t th e
p r o c e d u r e b e c h a n g e d so a s to ta b u la te t h e r e p o r ts f o r th e D e p a r t ­
m e n t o f C o m m e r c e fir st, to b e f o llo w e d , a f t e r th e ir c o m p le t io n , b y
th e r e p o r ts f u r n is h e d to th e c o lle c to r s o f e a c h d is t r ic t . T h e n e w s y s ­
tem b e g a n w it h t h e A p r i l r e p o r ts. A s a r e su lt it h a s b e e n p o s s ib le
to fu r n is h p r e lim in a r y t o t a l v a lu e s b y t h e 9 th a n d th e r e p o r ts o f im ­
p o r ts a n d e x p o r t s b y a r tic le s an d c o u n tr ie s b y t h e 1 5 th o f th e m o n th .
B e g i n n i n g w it h A p r i l , 1 9 2 1 , t h e M o n t h ly S u m m a r y o f F o r e ig n
C o m m e r c e h a s b e e n is s u e d in t w o p a r ts . P a r t I , c o n t a in in g th e m a in
ta b le s ( im p o r t s a n d d o m e st ic e x p o r t s b y a r tic le s an d p r in c ip a l c o u n ­
t r i e s ) , is is s u e d a r o u n d th e 2 5 th o f th e m o n th f o l l o w i n g t h e o n e to
w h ic h t h e fig u r e s p e r ta in . P a r t I I , c o n t a in in g to ta l v a lu e s b y g r e a t
g r o u p s , c o u n tr ie s , a n d c u s to m s d is t r ic t s , f o r e ig n e x p o r t s , m e r c h a n ­
d ise in w a r e h o u s e , c o m m e r c e w i t h n o n c o n t ig u o u s t e r r it o r ie s , a n d
o th e r ta b le s , is iss u e d a b o u t 10 d a y s la te r .
T h e p u b lic a tio n o f th e q u a r te r ly im p o r t s f o r c o n s u m p tio n w a s
d is c o n tin u e d w it h t h e q u a r te r e n d e d D e c e m b e r , 1 9 2 0 , o n a c c o u n t o f
in a d e q u a te a p p r o p r ia tio n s . T h e c o m p ila tio n o f c o a l c a r r ie d o v e r 14
p r in c ip a l r a ilw a y s w a s a lso d is c o n tin u e d .
I n v ie w o f a p p r o a c h in g t a r if f r e v is io n , t h e a n n u a l s ta t e m e n t o f
im p o r t s f o r c o n s u m p tio n , p u b lis h e d a s T a b le 9 o f C o m m e r c e a n d
N a v ig a t io n , w a s issu e d a s a s e p a r a te p u b li c a t i o n ; t h r o u g h th e e ffo r ts
o f c o n g r e ss io n a l c o m m itt e e s p r in t in g w a s r u sh e d a n d it w a s r e a d y
f o r d is tr ib u t io n o n A p r il 1.
T r a d e o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s w it h th e W o r ld in 1918 a n d 1919, s h o w ­
in g im p o r ts a n d e x p o r ts f o r e a c h c o u n tr y b y a r tic le s , w a s iss u e d a s

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

70

M is c e lla n e o u s S e r ie s N o . 106.
f o r 1920 a n d 1921.

A s im ila r m o n o g r a p h w i l l be issu e d

A n u m b e r o f r e v ie w s o f s ig n if ic a n t f e a t u r e s in th e f o r e ig n - t r a d e
s t a t i s t i c s w e re p r e p a r e d f o r C o m m er c e R e p o r ts , in c lu d in g a s t u d y o f
q u a n tity in c r e a s e s in e x p o r t s a s c o m p a r e d w it h v a lu e s ; r e la t io n o f
f o r e ig n e x c h a n g e r a te s to im p o r t v a lu e s ; e ffe c t o f d e c r e a s in g w h o le ­
sa le p r ic e s in th e U n it e d S t a t e s on o u r f o r e ig n t r a d e ; tr a d e o f th e
V ir g in I s la n d s in 1918 a n d 1 9 1 9 ; a n d o u r f o r e ig n tr a d e in 1920 in
th e t e r m in o lo g y o f th e B r u s s e ls in te r n a t io n a l s t a t is t ic a l c la s s ific a tio n .
T h e “ s p e c ia l s t a t is t ic a l s e r v ic e ,” in a u g u r a t e d e a r ly in 1 9 1 9, c o n ­
s is t s o f f u r n is h in g to tr a d e j o u r n a ls , c o m m e r c ia l o r g a n iz a t io n s , a n d
b u s in e s s h o u se s m o n t h ly s ta t e m e n t s s h o w in g , f o r c e r ta in a r tic le s ,
c o m p le te d e t a ils o f im p o r ts o r e x p o r ts b y c o u n tr ie s w h ic h it is n o t
p r a c tic a b le to p r in t in th e M o n t h ly S u m m a r y . T h is s e r v ic e h a s b e en
a c c o r d e d u n iv e r sa l a p p r o v a l a n d th e d e m a n d f o r i t s e x te n s io n is m u c h
g r e a te r th a n th e B u r e a u c a n s u p p ly .
T h e r e v is e d im p o r t a n d e x p o r t c la s s ific a tio n s p r e p a r e d b y a n
in te r d e p a r t m e n t a l c o m m itte e w e re a p p r o v e d b y th e S e c r e t a r ie s o f
th e T r e a s u r y a n d o f C o m m er c e in S e p te m b e r , 1920. I n s t e a d o f th e
fo r m e r a lp h a b e tic a l l is t in g , th e r e is in th e n e w sc h e d u le s a c la s s ific a ­
tio n o f a r tic le s u n d e r 10 g r e a t g r o u p s a c c o r d in g to o r ig in o r u se ,
th e se g r o u p s b e in g f u r th e r s u b d iv id e d o n th e d e c im a l s y s te m a c c o r d ­
in g to c o m p o n e n t m a te r ia l a n d d e g r e e o f m a n u fa c tu r e . F o r e x p o r ts
1,243 a n d f o r im p o r ts 9 7 4 s e p a r a te c la s s e s a re p r o v id e d , in s te a d o f 7 0 0
e a c h a s in th e p r e se n t sc h e d u le s . Q u a n t it ie s in c u s to m a r y c o m m e r c ia l
u n it s o r in w e ig h t are r e q u ir e d f o r a ll c la s s e s , in a d d it io n to v a lu e s.
B e c a u s e o f th e la c k o f th e r e q u isite a p p r o p r ia tio n , th e n e w c la s s ific a ­
t io n s h a v e n o t b een m a d e e ff e c tiv e y e t. I t is p la n n e d to a p p ly th e
n e w S y stem to im p o r t s w h e n th e p e r m a n e n t t a r if f b ill is e n a c te d , a n d
to m a k e it e ff e c tiv e fo r e x p o r t s a s s o o n a s a d d it io n a l f u n d s , n e e d e d
f o r h a n d lin g th e in c r e a se d w o r k u n d e r th e e x te n d e d c la s s ific a tio n a n d
f o r im p r o v e m e n t o f th e s t a t is t ic a l se r v ic e , a r e p r o v id e d .
T h e p la n f o r t r a n s f e r r in g th e B u r e a u o f C u s to m s S t a t is t ic s fr o m
th e T r e a su r y to

th e

C om m erce D e p a r tm e n t

is d e p e n d e n t u p o n

d e c is io n o f th e C o m p tr o lle r G e n e r a l o f th e U n it e d

th e

S ta te s r e g a r d in g

th e p o w e r o f th e P r e s id e n t to tr a n s fe r th e n e c e ssa r y a p p r o p r ia tio n s
o r , i f t h e C o m p t r o l l e r ’s d e c i s i o n i s a d v e r s e , u p o n t h e e n a c t m e n t o f a
se p a r a te b ill b y C o n g r e ss.
O R IG IN A L R E SEA R C H A N D C O M P IL A T IO N

O F F O R E IG N STA TISTIC S.

T h e B u r e a u ’s r e s e a r c h d i v i s i o n h a s d e v o t e d t h e g r e a t e r p a r t o f i t s
tim e to a n s w e r in g in d iv id u a l in q u ir ie s w it h r e g a r d to t h e tr a d e s t a ­
tis tic s o f

fo r e ig n

c o u n tr ie s .

N um erous

in d ic a te th e g r e a t v a lu e o f t h is s e r v ic e .

le tte r s

fr o m

b u s in e s s

m en

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

71

I t h a s a lso w o r k e d o n s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s g i v i n g im p o r t s a n d e x p o r t s
o f t h e c h ie f c o u n tr ie s o f t h e w o r ld a n d th e sh a r e o f th e U n it e d
S t a t e s t h e r e in ; th e se c o v e r g o ld a n d s ilv e r a n d a b o u t 75 b a sic f o o d ­
s tu ffs a n d in d u s t r ia l r a w m a te r ia ls f o r 1 9 0 8 ,1 9 1 3 , a n d th e th r e e la te s t
a v a ila b le y e a r s.
T h e d iv is io n p r e p a r e d , fo r p u b lic a tio n in

C o m m erce R e p o r ts, v a ­

r io u s s t a t is t ic a l s t a t e m e n t s d e a lin g w it h t h e tr a d e o f c e r t a in f o r e ig n
c o u n tr ie s

in

v e g e ta b le

o ils

and

D u r in g th e la tte r p a r t o f th e

v e g e ta b le -o il

p r o d u c ts.

fis c a l y e a r , t h e

fo r ty -th ir d

annual

n u m b e r o f th e S t a t is t ic a l A b s t r a c t o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s w a s is s u e d .

A ¡p a m p h let e n t it le d “ W h o le s a le p r i c e s ” h a d b e e n iss u e d a n n u a lly
sin c e 1893, g i v i n g a r e c o r d o f w e e k ly q u o ta tio n s . C o p y f o r th e 1920
p a m p h le t w a s p r e p a r e d a s u s u a l, b u t i t s p u b lic a tio n h a s b e e n s u s ­
p e n d e d b e c a u se s o m e w h a t s im ila r s t a t is t ic s a re iss u e d b y th e B u r e a u
o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s .
T h e r e a re in th e file s o f th e d iv is io n e la b o r a te s tu d ie s o f w o r ld
tr a d e in v a r io u s c o m m o d itie s , b u t t h e y h a v e n o t y e t b e e n p r in te d b e ­
c a u se o f la c k o f fu n d s . A m o n g th e se s t a t is t ic a l c o m p ila tio n s m a y be
m e n tio n e d th o s e o n c o tt o n g o o d s , m o to r v e h ic le s a n d b ic y c le s , h o r sed r a w n v e h ic le s , a g r ic u lt u r a l im p le m e n t s a n d m a c h in e r y , p a p e r a n d
m a n u fa c tu r e s o f p a p e r , e le c tr ic a l g o o d s a n d m a c h in e r y , a n d d r u g s ,
d y e s, a n d c h e m ic a ls . T h e p r e p a r a tio n o f th e se h a s in v o lv e d m u c h
tim e a n d e ffo r t, a n d it is f e l t th a t p r o v is io n sh o u ld be m a d e f o r a d d ­
in g th e f ig u r e s f o r th e la te s t a v a ila b le y e a r a n d p u b lis h in g th e m fo r
th e u se o f th e p e r s o n s in te r e s te d in th e se lin e s .
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a ls o d is t r ib u t e d to b a n k e r s s p e c ia l r e p o r ts o n f u n d a m e n t a l e c o n o m ic
a n d fin a n c ia l c o n d it io n s in

fo r e ig n

c o u n tr ie s .

D IV IS IO N OF F O R E IG N T A R IFFS.

T h e fa c t th a t a n e w t a r if f m e a su r e h a s b e e n in c o u r se o f p r e p a r a tio n
in th e A m e r ic a n C o n g r e s s h a s h a d a m a r k e d e ffe c t o n th e w o r k o f
th e B u r e a u ’s d iv is io n o f f o r e ig n ta r iffs . T h e d iv is io n h a s p r e p a r e d
e x te n s iv e c o m p ila t io n s o f r a t e s o f d u t y in f o r e ig n c o u n t r ie s f o r th e
C o m m itte e on W a y s a n d M e a n s a n d f o r in d iv id u a l S e n a t o r s a n d
R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s , a m o n g th e se b e in g a s ta te m e n t o f th e r a te s o f d u ty
in 29 c o u n tr ie s o n a ll p r o d u c ts in c lu d e d in th e a g r ic u lt u r a l s c h e d u le
o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s ta r if f, w it h th e r a te s c o n v e r te d in to U n it e d
S ta te s cu rren cy.
T h e p u b lic a tio n

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C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts o f c u r r e n t n o te s o n ta r iff

c h a n g e s w a s c o n tin u e d
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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

72

t a r if f c h a n g e s t h a t a r e n o w in p r o s p e c t in m a n y f o r e ig n c o u n tr ie s
a n d t h e c o n se q u e n t im p o s s ib ilit y o f p r e s e n t in g d a ta t h a t w o u ld r e ta in
t h e ir a c c u r a c y f o r a n y c o n s id e r a b le p e r io d . M o r e o v e r , t h e in su ffi­
c ie n t s ta f f o f th e d iv is io n w o u ld h a v e m a d e it im p r a c t ic a b le , in a n y
c a s e , to u n d e r ta k e th e t r a n s la t in g a n d t a b u la t in g in v o lv e d in su c h
w o rk .
T h e d iv is io n h a s, a s a lw a y s , k e p t f u lly in fo r m e d c o n c e r n in g ta r iff
m o v e m e n ts in

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t h e e c o n o m ic d is lo c a t io n t h a t a t t e n d e d a n d f o llo w e d th e W o r ld W a r .
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T h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e o f th e B u r e a u r e g is te r e d a s u b s t a n t ia l in c r e a se
o v e r t h e p r e c e d in g fisc a l y e a r . T h e r e w e re a b o u t 15 0 ,0 0 0 in c o m in g
le t t e r s , w h ile th e t o t a l o u t g o in g c o r r e sp o n d e n c e ( c o m p r is in g g e n e r a l
a n s w e r s to in q u ir ie s a n d n o t i n c lu d in g m im e o g r a p h e d c o m m u n ic a ­
t io n s ) a p p r o x im a t e d 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 p ie c e s . M o r e th a n h a l f o f th e o u t ­
g o i n g c o r r e sp o n d e n c e o r ig in a t e d an d w a s p r e p a r e d in th e c o r r e ­
s p o n d e n c e s e c t io n o f t h e d iv is io n o f c o r r e s p o n d e n c e a n d d is tr ib u t io n .
T h e d iv is io n a n sw e r e d a v e r y g r e a t v a r ie t y o f tr a d e in q u ir ie s .
T h i s d iv is io n in c lu d e s , a ls o , th e d is t r ib u t io n s e c tio n , w h ic h se n d s
o u t B u r e a u p u b lic a tio n s , c ir c u la r s , a n d tr a d e lis t s , a n d th e c o m m e r ­
c ia l- in t e llig e n c e s e c t io n , w h ic h m a in t a in s a W o r ld T r a d e D ir e c t o r y
o f b u s in e s s h o u s e s a n d p r o s p e c tiv e b u y e r s a n d a g e n ts . A b o u t 17,000
n e w r e p o r ts on fo r e ig n firm s w e re r e c e iv e d f o r t h is d ir e c t o r y d u r in g
th e p a s t fisc a l y e a r . T h e c o m m e r c ia l- in te llig e n c e s e c tio n p r e p a r e d
831 s e p a r a te c o m m o d ity tr a d e lis t s , s h o w in g th e c h a r a c te r o f b u s i­
n e s s c o n d u c te d b y a ll t h e firm s n a m e d a n d “ s ta r r e d ,” in m o st in ­
s ta n c e s . to in d ic a te th e ir r e la t iv e siz e . M o r e t h a n 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 c o p ie s o f
s u c h lis t s w e r e d is tr ib u t e d to A m e r ic a n b u s in e s s m e n d u r in g th e
y e a r . T h is s e r v ic e is g r o w i n g in p o p u la r it y a n d im p o r ta n c e .
E D IT O R IA L D IV ISIO N .

T h e e d it o r ia l d iv is io n h a n d le d , a s u s u a l, a v e r y la r g e n u m b e r o f
r e p o r ts. T h e c o m m e r c ia l a tta c h e s a n d tr a d e c o m m iss io n e r s, r e p ­
r e s e n t in g th e B u r e a u in f o r e ig n c o u n tr ie s , s e n t in 4 ,9 6 2 r e p o r ts d u r ­
i n g t h e y e a r , an in c r e a s e o f 1.482 o v e r th e p r e v io u s fisc a l y e a r . O n
t h e o th e r h a n d , th e n u m b e r o f r e g is te r e d c o n s u la r r e p o r ts d e c r e a se d
fr o m 2 2 ,6 1 0 in 1920 to 1 9 ,82 5 in 1 9 2 1 ; th e d is c o n tin u a n c e , in th e
f a l l o f 1 9 2 0 , o f th e p r a c tic e o f n u m b e r in g tr a d e le t t e r s a c c o u n ts f o r
m o st o f t h is d iffe r e n c e . A d e c r e a se o f 4 0 p e r c e n t to o k p la c e in th e
F o r e ig n T r a d e O p p o r tu n it ie s , th e n u m b e r in 1921 b e in g 1 ,9 2 6 a s c o m ­
p a r e d w it h 3 ,3 6 4 in 1920.

REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

73

M a te r ia l e d ite d in th e d iv is io n d u r in g t h e y e a r a m o u n te d to a p ­
p r o x im a t e ly 1 1 ,6 0 0 p r in t e d p a g e s . E le v e n m o n o g r a p h s w e r e p r e ­
p a r e d f o r p u b lic a tio n in th e S p e c ia l A g e n t s S e r ie s , 61 in th e I n ­
d u s t r ia l S t a n d a r d s S e r ie s , 3 in th e M is c e lla n e o u s S e r ie s , a n d 1 in
th e S p e c ia l C o n su la r S e r ie s . D u r i n g th e y e a r th e r e w e r e 6 ,5 9 2 p a g e s
in t h e d a i ly C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s a n d 1,219 p a g e s in t h e S u p p le m e n ts ,
t h e la tt e r c o n t a in in g th e a n n u a l r e p o r ts o f A m e r ic a n c o n s u la r officers.
T h e p u b lic a tio n o f th e S u p p le m e n t s w a s d is c o n tin u e d a t t h e e n d
o f th e y e a r 1 9 2 0 , p r i n c ip a l ly a s a m e a su r e o f e c o n o m y , b y r e a so n o f
th e s h o r ta g e in th e p r in t in g a p p i’o p r ia tio n . S in c e t h a t t im e th e m o re
s ig n if ic a n t o f th e a n n u a l r e v ie w s h a v e b e e n p u b lis h e d , in c o n d e n se d
fo r m , in C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts i t s e lf .
A
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fe a tu r e in C o m m e r c e R e p o r ts t h a t h a s b e e n w e ll r e c e iv e d

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p r is in g s t r ic t ly u p - t o - d a t e in f o r m a t io n c a b le d t o t h e B u r e a u b y t h e
c o m m e r c ia l a t t a c h e s a n d t r a d e c o m m is s io n e r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r ld .

A t th e e n d o f th e fis c a l y e a r , s t e p s w e r e b e in g ta k e n to p u b lis h
C o m m er c e R e p o r t s w e e k ly , in s te a d o f d a ily . T h is im p o r ta n t c h a n g e
w e n t in to e ffe c t S e p te m b e r 6. T h e s iz e a n d m a k e -u p w e r e g r e a t ly
a lte r e d . T h e v a r io u s a r t ic le s a r e n o w g r o u p e d u n d e r c o m m o d ity
h e a d in g s , s u c h a s “ T e x t il e s ,” “ C h e m ic a ls ,” “ M a c h in e r y ,” e tc . I n
th e p a s t , th e r e h a s b e e n n o d e fin ite c la s s ific a tio n o f a r tic le s . T h e
n e w C o m m e r c e R e p o r t s h a v e at le a s t 6 4 p a g e s e a c h w e ek .
R E C O M M E N D A T IO N S.

T h e B u r e a u r e q u ir e s g r e a t a d d it io n a l s tr e n g t h i f it is to s e r v e th e
p u r p o s e r e a lly in te n d e d b y C o n g r e s s a n d m e e t th e d e m a n d s t h a t
a r e m a d e u p o n it b y th e b u s in e ss m e n o f th e c o u n t r y in th e ir p r e s e n t
d istr e ss. N o t o n ly s h o u ld m o re a t t e n t io n b e g iv e n to tr a d e p r o m o ­
tio n , w it h w h ic h th e B u r e a u h a s b een a lm o s t e x c lu s iv e ly c o n c e r n e d
in th e p a s t , b u t it s h o u ld b e p o s s ib le to m a k e t h e m o r e d e t a ile d
e c o n o m ic s u r v e y s a b r o a d t h a t a r e n o w so in d is p e n s a b le b e c a u se o f
th e e n o r m o u s fin a n c ia l in te r e s t w e h a v e in f o r e ig n fie ld s. T h e r e
n e v e r h a s b een a t im e in th e p a s t , a n d p e r h a p s m a y n e v e r b e in th e
f u tu r e , w h e n a c c u r a te e c o n o m ic d a ta o n t h e s it u a t io n in f o r e ig n
c o u n tr ie s w a s s o v it a l to o u r m a te r ia l w e ll- b e in g .
B e f o r e th e c lo se o f th e fisc a l y e a r u n d e r r e v ie w C o n g r e s s p r o v id e d
f u n d s f o r th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f c o m m o d ity d iv is io n s in th e B u r e a u ,
a n d s h o r t ly a f t e r th e b e g in n in g o f th e n e w y e a r a su ffic ie n t n u m b e r
o f h ig h - c la s s m e n w e r e f o u n d to o r g a n iz e so m e 12 o r 14 su c h d i v i ­
s io n s. T h e s e d iv is io n s w i l l n o t o n ly o r g a n iz e a n d d ir e c t t h e c o lle c ­
t io n o f in f o r m a t io n a b r o a d c o n c e r n in g th e ir c o m m o d itie s (s u c h a s
t e x t ile s , c o a l, m a c h in e r y , e t c .) , b u t w ill s e t u p , w it h th e a c t iv e h e lp

74

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

o f th e in d u s tr ie s th e m s e lv e s , th e m a c h in e r y f o r th e b e st p o s s ib le d is ­
t r ib u t io n o f s u c h in fo r m a tio n . T h e s e d iv is io n s a re r e v o lu t io n iz in g
th e m e th o d s o f th e B u r e a u a n d s h o u ld b e c o n s id e r e d a l o n g a n d im ­
p o r ta n t s te p in th e r ig h t d ir e c tio n . N e x t y e a r a n o th e r l o n g s te p
s h o u ld b e ta k e n a n d m o n e y s h o u ld b e f o r t h c o m in g to e x p a n d th e
w o r k a lo n g lo g ic a l lin e s .
C o n g r e s s h a s a ls o v e r y w is e ly p r o v id e d a n e w t e c h n ic a l d iv is io n
to h a n d le t h e d iffic u lt s u b j e c t o f f o r e ig n c o m m e r c ia l la w s . T h e u n it
w a s in o p e r a tio n s h o r tly a f t e r J u l y 1 ,1 9 2 1 . T h e B u r e a u s h o u ld h a v e
m o r e t e c h n ic a l d iv is io n s o f t h is s o r t to p r o v id e r e a lly e x p e r t a d v ic e
o n su c h s u b je c ts a s f o r e ig n c r e d its , p a c k in g , a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n .
T h e r e g io n a l, o r g e o g r a p h ic , d iv is io n s a r e i n p r o c e ss o f r e o r g a n iz a ­
t io n , b u t t h is r e o r g a n iz a tio n w i l l o f n e c e s s ity f a l l s h o r t o f w h a t is
n e e d e d b e c a u se o f th e in a d e q u a te f u n d s a v a ila b le f o r th e w o r k . T h e
n e w c o m m o d ity d iv is io n s w i l l n o t d is p la c e th e r e g io n a l d iv is io n s ,
w h ic h m u s t c o n tin u e to b e r e lie d u p o n f o r t h e s u r v e y s o f g e n e r a l
e c o n o m ic c o n d itio n s in f o r e ig n c o u n tr ie s.
W it h im p r o v e d p r o s p e c ts f o r a d e q u a te ly sta ffin g t h e W a s h in g t o n
office, th e n e c e s s ity f o r k e y in g u p th e f o r e ig n sta ff to th e p o in t w h e r e
i t c a n k e e p p a c e w it h t h e d e m a n d fr o m th e d ir e c t in g fo r c e o f e x p e r ts
a t h o m e is a t o n c e a p p a r e n t. T h e s e r v ic e o f th e B u r e a u a s a w h o le
c a n n o t be b e tte r th a n t h e w e a k e r o f i t s t w o b r a n c h e s , w h e th e r i t
b e th e h o m e office o r t h e f o r e ig n s e r v ic e .

A p p en d ix

D .— A B S T R A C T
O F

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(S. W. S t r a t t o n , Director.)
T h e N a t io n a l B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s is e n g a g e d in in d u s t r ia l r e ­
se a r c h a n d s ta n d a r d iz a t io n . T h e w o r k is g r o u p e d u n d e r s ta n d a i’d s
o f q u a lit y f o r m a te r ia ls , s ta n d a r d s o f p e r fo r m a n c e f o r d e v ic e s , a n d
s ta n d a r d s o f p r a c tic e f o r u t il i t i e s , s c ie n t if ic a lly b a se d u p o n s ta n d a r d s
o f m e a su r e m e n t, a n d u p o n s ta n d a r d n u m e r ic a l c o n s ta n ts o r m e a s ­
u r e d d a t a c o n c e r n in g th e p r o p e r tie s o f m a te r ia l a n d e n e r g y . T h is
is a n e p o c h o f s t a n d a r d iz a t io n w h e n s ta n d a r d s a r e b e in g s e t s y s ­
t e m a t ic a lly in a ll lin e s o f a c t i v i t y to p r o m o te e fficie n c y a n d m in i ­
m iz e w a ste . T h e s im p lif ic a t io n o f s t a p le g r a d e s a n d s iz e s o f a r tic le s
o f c o m m e r c e f a c ilit a t e s q u a n t it y p r o d u c t io n , i n t e r c h a n g e a b ilit y , a n d
r e p a ir , a n d p r o m o te s e c o n o m y a n d e fficien t u t il i z a t io n g e n e r a lly .
T h e B u r e a u ’s w o r k is c o n d u c te d b y a s ta f f o f 850 e m p lo y e e s ,
h o u s e d in 13 la b o r a to r y b u ild in g s , a te c h n ic a l lib r a r y o f n e a r ly
2 2 ,0 0 0 v o lu m e s , a n d a r a n g e o f s u b j e c t a n d v a r ie t y o f e q u ip m e n t
u n iq u e in r e se a r c h la b o r a to r ie s . T h e r e se a r c h r e s u lt s a r e m a d e a v a i l ­
a b le t o th e in d u s t r ie s t h r o u g h th e B u r e a u ’s p u b lic a tio n s ( o f w h ic h
n e a r ly 800 h a v e b e e n i s s u e d ) . D u r i n g th e y e a r th e B u r e a u iss u e d
8 6 n e w p u b lic a t io n s , c o m p r is in g 33 s c ie n t if ic p a p e r s , 2 7 t e c h n o lo g ic
p a p e r s , 18 c ir c u la r s , 3 h a n d b o o k s , a n d 5 m is c e lla n e o u s p u b lic a tio n s .
A te c h n ic a l n e w s b u lle t in , iss u e d e a c h m o n th , d e sc r ib e s c u r r e n t i n ­
v e s t ig a t io n s in p r o g r e s s a n d r e s u lt s o b ta in e d in th e la b o r a to r ie s .
W EIG H TS AN D

M EASURES.

I n c o n n e c tio n w it h le n g t h m e a s u r e m e n ts th e p a s t y e a r h a s b een
a b u s y o n e , a s t h is s e c tio n h a s s p e n t a g r e a t d e a l o f t im e in o v e r ­
h a u lin g it s a p p a r a tu s a n d in m a k in g so m e in te r c o m p a r is o n s o f it s
s ta n d a r d s , d o in g t h is Avork Avith th e h ig h e s t p o s s ib le a c c u r a c y . I n
p r e c is io n le n g t h m e a su r e m e n ts, m ic r o m e te r m ic r o s c o p e s are v e r y
la r g e ly e m p lo y e d , a n d b e c a u se o f t h e ir im p o r ta n c e in t h is w o r k o n e
m e m b e r o f t h e s e c tio n h a s s p e n t a g r e a t d e a l o f t im e in in v e s t ig a t in g
t h e p e r fo r m a n c e o f s u c h in s tr u m e n ts . T h e r o u tin e t e s t in g o f th e
le n g t h s e c tio n h a s b e e n s y s te m a tiz e d to su c h a n e x t e n t t h a t it o c c u p ie s
b u t. a s m a ll f r a c t io n o f th e t im e f o r m e r ly n e c e ss a r y f o r su c h Avork.
t h u s a llo w in g m o re tim e to b e p u t o n f u n d a m e n ta l r esea r ch .

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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s e t m e a n s t h a t th e e n tir e s e t m u s t b e r e je c te d , t h is h a s r e s u lte d in a
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th e tr a n s m is s io n o f m o to r tr u c k s to d e te r m in e t h e a m o u n t o f w e a r .
A n o th e r e x te n d e d r e s e a r c h , c o m p le te d d u r in g th e y e a r , is t h a t c o n ­
c e r n e d w it h th e a b s o r p tio n o f m o is tu r e b y c e llu lo id .

C o n s id e r a b le tim e

h a s b e e n d e v o t e d to o v e r h a u lin g so m e o f th e h ig h - p r e c is io n ^ a la n c e s ,
a n d t h e a p p a r a t u s o f th e s e c tio n is n o w in v e r y g o o d c o n d it io n .
T h e c o n s tr u c tio n o f s to p w a tc h e s h a s b e e n th o r o u g h ly in v e s tig a te d ,
s in c e m a n y o f th e w a tc h e s o f th is ty p e s u p p lie d to th e B u r e a u
its w o r k h a v e p r o v e d u n s a tis fa c to r y .

fo r

I t w o u ld a p p e a r t h a t a g r e a t

m a n y c o m m e r c ia l s to p w a tc h e s a r e o f p o o r d e s ig n a n d c o n s tr u c tio n ,
a n d t h e B u r e a u h o p e s t o b e a b le to a id th e in d u s t r y in d e v e lo p in g a
b e tte r

ty p e .

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to

th e

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in d u s tr y o f th e c o u n tr y th r o u g h a c o n fe r e n c e u n d e r th e a u s p ic e s o f
th e N a tio n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c il, a t w h ic h th e B u r e a u w a s r e p r e s e n te d .

T h e u s u a l la r g e a m o u n t o f c h e m ic a l a n d o th e r v o lu m e tr ic g la s s ­
w a r e w a s t e s te d d u r in g th e y e a r , t h is w o rk s h o w in g a n in c r e a s e o f
4 7 p e r c e n t o v e r th e fis c a l y e a r 1920. T h e p e r c e n ta g e o f g la s s w a r e
w h ic h p a sse d te s t w a s s o m e w h a t h ig h e r t h a n la s t y e a r . A m e r ic a n
fir m s a re p la n n in g to p la c e o n th e m a r k e t v o lu m e tr ic w a r e o f th e
h ig h e s t c la s s , w h ic h w ill b e o f g r e a t b en e fit to th e c h e m ic a l in d u s t r y .
In

th e

correct

S o u th w e st,

fu n c tio n in g

o f g a s to

w here

of

th e

n a tu r a l
m e te r s

to w n s is m e a su r e d

is o f

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m eans

of

e m p lo y e d ,

w h ic h

g r e a t im p o r t a n c e .

h a s r e c e n tly b e e n c a lle d u p o n to te s t

th e

th e

s u p p ly

The

B ureau

a n u m b e r o f th e se m e te r s a n d

to s e t t le d is p u te s a r is in g b e tw e e n th e g a s c o m p a n ie s a n d th e m u n ic i­
p a l g o v e r n m e n ts,
su m ers.
to

th e

as

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as

b e tw e e n

th e

c o m p a n ie s

and

th e

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T h e w o r k h a s sh o w n t h a t b y p a y in g m o r e c a r e fu l a tte n tio n
s to p p in g

of

le a k s

in

th e

gas

m a in s

sev era l

m illio n

d o lla r s

c o u ld b e s a v e d e a c h y e a r .
T h e m e a s u r e m e n t o f th e t h e r m a l e x p a n s io n o f s o lid s r e q u ir e s v e r y
c a r e fu l w o r k a n d e la b o r a te a p p a r a tu s .

T h e t o t a l c h a n g e s o f le n g th

a r e u s u a lly e x tr e m e ly s m a ll, a n d f o r t h a t r e a s o n m u s t b e d e te r m in e d
w ith g r e a t a c c u r a c y .

I m p o r t a n t w o r k a lo n g t h e s e lin e s h a s in c lu d e d

t h e s t u d y o f s o - c a lle d fis h s c a lin g o f e n a m e le d m e t a l w a r e , a d e f e c t
w h ic h h a s c a u s e d t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f t h is c la s s o f a r t ic le s a la r g e
annual

lo s s .

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tr o u b le

has

d iffe r e n c e in t h e r m a l e x p a n s io n

now

been

proven

to

be

b e tw e e n th e m e ta l a n d

due

to

th e

th e e n a m e l.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

77

A m o n g th e m o s t im p o r ta n t w o r k in c o n n e c tio n w it h w e ig h t s a n d
m ea su res
tr a c k

w h ic h

and

cars and

th e

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c a r r ie s

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m o to r tr u c k s , w h ic h

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c a r s, w h ic h

fo r a n u m b er o f y ea rs.
program

have

to

each year.

an

of

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a ll p a r ts o f

r a ilr o a d
e q u ip p e d

th e c o u n tr y

t o o v e r h a u l i n g t h e B u r e a u ’s

been

in

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co n sta n t

s e r v ic e

T h is h a s n e c e s s ita te d a m o d ific a tio n o f th e

o f te s tin g th e m a ste r tr a c k

a c c o r d in g

te s tin g

D u r in g th e p a st y e a r a g r e a t d ea l

a n d a tte n tio n h a d to b e g iv e n

tr a c k -s c a le

cars

is

a r e s e n t to

w h e r e s u c h s c a le s a r e e m p lo y e d .
o f t im e

on

w ork

a g r e e m e n t w ith

s c a le s o f t h e

th e

B ureau

are

r a ilr o a d s , w h ic h
to

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once

I t is h o p e d t h a t d u r in g t h e c o m in g y e a r , r e p a ir s t o th e

h a v in g

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t h is c o n n e c tio n th e

B u r e a u ’s m a s t e r t r a c k
th e

s c a le h a s b e e n

p r e v e n te d

its

u r g e n t, a n d

n e c e s s ity

fo r

a c e n tr a l d e p o t to h o u s e th e

s c a le m u s t b e a g a in

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fo r

The

so m e p r o v is io n

e m p h a s iz e d .

s e v e r a l y e a r s, la c k
need

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a

of

A lth o u g h
fu n d s h a s

c e n tr a l

at once

depot

is

f o r a s u ita b le

b u ild in g .

T h e t e s t in g o f p r e c is io n g a g e s o f a ll s o r ts h a s b ee n c o n t in u e d , th e
n u m b e r e x a m in e d t h is y e a r b e in g s l i g h t l y g r e a te r th a n th o s e se n t
t o th e B u r e a u d u r in g th e fis c a l y e a r 1920. A le s s n u m b e r o f g a g e s
w e r e s u b m it te d b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t, b u t t h is w a s m o r e t h a n m a d e u p
b y th e la r g e r n u m b e r s e n t in b y m a n u f a c t u r in g c o n c e r n s. T h is
w o u ld se e m to in d ic a t e t h a t m a k e r s o f m a c h in e r y in t h is c o u n tr y a re
c o m in g to r e a liz e th e im p o r ta n c e o f a c c u r a te fits in th e ir w o r k , p a r ­
t ic u l a r ly w h e r e th e p a r ts are in te n d e d f o r in te r c h a n g e . T h e sp e c ia l
w o r k c a r r ie d o n d u r in g th e y e a r h a s in c lu d e d t h e t e s t in g o f g e a r s
a n d g e a r c u tte r s , a n d a c e r ta in a m o u n t o f p r e lim in a r y w o r k in th e
d e v e lo p m e n t o f a s ta n d a r d s y s te m o f f in g e r - r in g s iz e s , a n d a ls o in
t h e s ta n d a r d iz a t io n o f b u tto n s.
A s i n t h e p a s t, t h e B u r e a u h a s c o o p e r a te d in th e c lo s e s t p o s s ib le
w ay

w ith

o th e r b u rea u s a n d

d e p a r tm e n ts o f th e

N a tio n a l G o v e r n ­

m e n t a n d w it h t h e S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s in w e ig h t s a n d m e a s u r e s la w s
a n d a d m in is tr a tio n .

T h e F o u r te e n th A n n u a l C o n fe r e n c e on W e ig h ts

a n d M e a s u r e s w a s h e ld a t t h e B u r e a u o n M a y 2 3 -2 6 , 1921. a n d w a s
a t t e n d e d b y o ffic ia ls f r o m

27 S t a t e s a n d t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a b e ­

s i d e s m u n i c i p a l w e i g h t s a n d m e a s u r e s o ffic e r s a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f
m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n ts .

M a n y p r o b le m s o f t h e fir s t im p o r t a n c e , s u c h

a s th e s a le o f b r e a d b y w e ig h t a n d th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f p r o p e r t o l ­
e r a n c e s f o r w e ig h in g a n d m e a s u r in g d e v ic e s , w e r e d is c u s s e d , a n d it
w a s th e
w as

th e

co n sen su s o f
m ost

o p in io n

su c c e ssfu l

th u s

o f th o se
fa r

p r e se n t th a t th e co n fe r e n c e

h e ld .

The

c o m p ila tio n

of

th e

w e ig h t s a n d m e a s u r e s la w s o f th e v a r io u s S t a t e s h a s b e e n c o n tin u e d

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

78
th e

d u r in g

year, and

th e

w ork

is

now

fin is h e d , b u t

has

n o t been

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B ureau

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su c h a s th e N a tio n a l S c r e w

m any

im p o r ta n t c o m m itte e s ,

T h r e a d C o m m is s io n , th e A m e r ic a n

So­

c ie t y o f M e c h a n ic a l E n g in e e r s ’ S e c t io n a l C o m m itte e o n U n if ic a t io n
a n d S t a n d a r d iz a tio n o f S c r e w T h r e a d s , a n d th e C o m m itte e o n P la in
L im it G a g e s fo r G e n e r a l E n g in e e r in g W o r k .
w o r k in
th e

c o n n e c tio n

P ro g ress

w h ic h

I t h a s d o n e im p o r ta n t

w ith th e p r o b le m s b e fo r e th e s e c o m m itte e s a n d

R eport

of

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S crew

T hread

C o m m is s io n ,

w a s is s u e d d u r in g t h e y e a r , is a n o t a b le s t e p f o r w a r d in t h e

s ta n d a r d iz a tio n

o f screw

th r e a d s.
E L E C T R IC IT Y .

The

B u r e a u ’s

w ork

in

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concerned

m e n ta l in v e s t ig a t io n s o f e le c tr ic a l s ta n d a r d s , fr o m

w ith

th e

fu n d a ­

w h ic h th e s ta n d ­

a r d s u se d b y m a n u fa c tu r e r s o f e le c tr ic a l a p p a r a tu s th r o u g h o u t th e
c o u n tr y

a r e d e r iv e d , w it h

th e te s tin g

o f e le c tr ic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d

d e v ic e s , w it h t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f im p r o v e d a p p lia n c e s , a n d w ith th e
p r e p a r a tio n o f s a f e t y c o d e s g o v e r n in g e le c tr ic a l c o n s tr u c tio n .

S in c e

s o m e c la s s e s o f s e r v ic e fu r n is h e d b y p u b lic -s e r v ic e c o r p o r a tio n s a re
s im i l a r in a g e n e r a l w a y t o e le c t r ic a l s e r v ic e , w o r k i s a ls o d o n e in t h e
fie ld s o f g a s e n g in e e r in g , c e n tr a l h e a t in g , a n d in c o n n e c tio n w it h g e n ­
eral sa fe ty w ork.

T h e fie ld o f e le c t r ic a l c o m m u n ic a t io n is a ls o c o m ­

p le te ly c o v e r e d , a n d th e a p p lic a tio n o f e le c t r ic it y to p r e c is e m e a s u r e ­
m e n ts fo r m s a n im p o r ta n t p a r t o f th e w o r k .
I n c o n n e c tio n

w it h th e t e s t in g o f s ta n d a r d s o f r e s is ta n c e , th e d e ­

m a n d fo r s u c h w o r k h a s b e e n g r e a te r th a n a t a n y tim e in th e h is to r y
o f th e B u r e a u , b u t in s p it e o f th e la r g e a m o u n t o f r o u tin e w o r k t h u s
r e q u ir e d , s o m e im p o r t a n t

fu n d a m e n ta l w o rk o n

th e c o m p a r is o n

in te r n a t io n a l r e s is ta n c e s ta n d a r d s h a s b e e n c a r r ie d o u t.

of

T h e r e s is t­

a n c e o f th e h u m a n b o d y h a s b e e n s t u d ie d , a n d v a r io u s r e fin e m e n ts
h a v e b e e n d e v e lo p e d fo r u s e w h e n m a k in g r e s is ta n c e m e a s u r e m e n ts .
A s u g g e s tio n h a s b een m a d e th a t th e p r e s e n t s y s te m o f in te r n a tio n a l
e le c tr ic a l u n its b e d is c o n tin u e d , a n d t h a t m e a su r e m e n ts o f e le c tr ic ity
b e e x p r e s s e d in u n its to b e a p a r t o f t h e c. g . s. s y s te m .

I n th is c o n ­

n e c tio n c a r e fu l s t u d y h a s b e e n g iv e n to t h e u n it o f r e s is ta n c e t o b e
u sed .

A n o th e r in v e s tig a tio n h a s h a d fo r its o b je c t th e p la c in g o f th e

e x p r e s s io n o f th e c o n d u c tin g p o w e r o f a c o n d u c to r o n th e sa m e lo g i­
c a l b a s is a s o th e r e le c tr ic a l u n its .

G o o d p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e in

th is w o r k .
S in c e a g r e a t m a n y te s ts o f in d u c ta n c e a n d c a p a c ity c a n o n ly b e
m ade

in

e q u ip p e d

th e

B u r e a u ’s

in s titu tio n

b e d ev o ted

in

la b o r a to r y
th is

to th is w o r k .

w o r k to a fe w

(th e r e

b e in g

no

o th e r

s u ita b ly

c o u n t r y ) , a g r e a t d e a l o f tim e h a s to

T h is h a s lim ite d

fu n d a m e n ta l in v e s tig a tio n s .

th e a m o u n t o f resea rch
A

stu d y h a s b een m a d e

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

79

o f th e in d u c ta n c e a n d r e sis ta n c e o f p a r a lle l r o d s , a n d a set o f o b ­
s e r v a t io n s c o v e r in g s e v e r a l y e a r s h a v e b e e n m a d e o n so m e a ir c o n ­
d e n se r s to le a r n i f p o s s ib le th e c a u s e s f o r c h a n g e s in c a p a c ita n c e .
I n c o o p e r a tio n w it h t h e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t , th e im p o r ta n t w o r k in
c o n n e c tio n w it h b a llis t ic s a n d a llie d p r o b le m s h a s b e en c o n tin u e d .
T h is h a s in c lu d e d a s tu d y o f th e v a r ia t io n o f g u n p r e s su r e w it h tim e ,
th e t im e o c c u p ie d in p r im e r e x p lo s io n s , a s tu d y o f e je c t io n v e lo c i­
tie s a n d f ir in g -t im e in t e r v a ls , th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f in te r io r b a llis t ic
f o r m u la s , a n in v e s t ig a t io n o f th e p r e s su r e in r e c o il c y lin d e r s , th e
m e a su r e m e n t o f t h e v e lo c it y o f p r o j e c t ile s in s id e th e b o r e o f th e
g u n . a n d th e p h o t o g r a p h in g o f p r o j e c t ile s in f lig h t . S o m e in t e r e s t ­
in g m e a s u r e m e n ts w e r e m a d e a t th e f ir in g t r ia ls o f t h e B r a z ilia n
b a t tle s h ip Sao Paulo , a n d a r e p o r t r e n d e r e d to th e N a v y D e p a r t ­
m en t. I m p o r t a n t w o r k a lo n g s im ila r lin e s h a s b ee n d o n e o n th e
U . S . S . Tennessee , a n d m e a s u r e m e n ts o f g u n - t u r r e t m o v e m e n ts d u r ­
in g f ir in g w i l l b e m a d e a t th e tim e o f th e t r ia ls o f th e n e w U . S . S .
California. A s t u d y o f t h e p h y s ic a l c o n s ta n ts o f s u b m a r in e m in e s
h a s a lso b e e n c o m p le te d .
I n c o o p e r a tio n w it h t h e a u t o m o t iv e p o w e r p la n t s s e c tio n o f th e
h e a t d iv is io n , w o r k h a s b e en c o n t in u e d on th e m e a s u r e m e n t o f
th e e le c tr ic a l c h a r a c te r is t ic s o f g a s o lin e - e n g in e i g n it io n s y s te m s.
T h r o u g h r e p r e s e n ta tio n o n v a r io u s c o m m itt e e s a s s is ta n c e h a s b een
r e n d e r e d o n a n u m b e r o f e le c tr ic a l p r o b le m s , a n d so m e r e se a r c h
w o r k h a s b e e n u n d e r ta k e n f o r m a n u fa c tu r e r s , a s a r e s u lt o f v is it s
to t h e ir p la n t s , w h e r e th e n e e d s o f th e in d u s t r y w e r e s tu d ie d . I m ­
p r o v e m e n ts h a v e b e e n m a d e in th e a p p a r a t u s f o r th e m e a s u r e m e n t
o f h ig h v o lt a g e s , w o r k w h ic h is o f g r e a t im p o r ta n c e in c o n n e c tio n
w it h lo n g -d is t a n c e p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n .
E x p e r im e n t s h a v e b ee n c a r r ie d o u t on m a g n e tic m e a s u r e m e n t o f
v e r y s h o r t s p e c im e n s , w o r k w h ic h is im p o r t a n t w h e r e o n ly a lim it e d
a m o u n t o f m a te r ia l is a v a ila b le . T h e m a g n e tic a n a ly s is o f s te e l is
n o w r e g a r d e d a s a m o s t im p o r t a n t w a y o f t e s t in g t h is m a te r ia l, a n d
th e B u r e a u is g o i n g in to t h e s u b je c t v e r y t h o r o u g h ly . B y t h is m e a n s
i t is p o s s ib le to e a s ily d e te r m in e w h e t h e r th e r e a r e fla w s in th e
s te e l w it h o u t d e s t r o y in g it , w h ic h r e su lt s in a la r g e s a v in g o f m a te ­
r ia l. S o m e o f t h is w o r k is in c o o p e r a tio n w it h a s p e c ia l c o m m itte e
o f th e A m e r ic a n S o c ie t y f o r T e s t in g M a te r ia ls . S o m e w o r k h a s
b e e n d o n e o n t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f a s p e c ia l t y p e o f m a g n e tic c o m ­
p a s s f o r u se o n f ig h t in g ta n k s .
S o m e p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e d u r in g th e y e a r o n p r o b le m s in
l i g h t m e a su r e m e n t. I n t e r n a t io n a l a g r e e m e n t a s to m e t h o d s f o r th e
c o m p a r iso n o f lig h t s o f d iff e r e n t c o lo r is h i g h l y d e s ir a b le , a n d a t a
m e e t in g o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l C o m m is s io n o n I llu m in a t io n h e ld in
P a r is in J u n e , 1 9 2 1 , th e B u r e a u p r e s e n te d a r e p o r t o n th e s t a t u s o f
h e te r o c lir o m a tic p h o to m e tr y .
A r e p o r t o n p r im a r y s ta n d a r d s o f

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

80

l i g h t w a s a lso s u b m it te d . T h e g r o w i n g u se o f g a s -f ille d a n d o th e r in ­
c a n d e s c e n t la m p s w it h c o ile d fila m e n ts h a s m a d e th e u se o f a n in t e ­
g r a t i n g s p h e r e p r a c t ic a lly in d is p e n s a b le , a n d to m e e t th e n e e d fo r
in f o r m a t io n o n t h is s u b je c t a p a p e r is b e in g p r e p a r e d a n d w ill be
r e a d y d u r in g th e c o m in g y e a r . S e v e r a l im p r o v e d t y p e s o f r e flec to m e t e r s h a v e b een c o n s tr u c te d , o n e o f w h ic h is d e sc r ib e d in S c ie n tific
P a p e r N o . 4 05 . A n in t h e d itio n o f C ir c u la r N o . 13, S p e c ific a tio n s fo r
I n c a n d e s c e n t E le c t r ic L a m p s , is b e in g p r e p a r e d . T h is r e v is io n o f
t h e s p e c if ic a tio n s h a s b e en m a d e n e c e ss a r y b y th e g r o w in g u se o f
t u n g s t e n a n d g a s -f ille d la m p s . T h e n e w s p e c if ic a t io n s , w h ic h h a v e
b e e n a d o p te d fo r th e fisca l y e a r b e g in n in g J u l y 1, 1921, a r e m o d ifie d
in r e sp e c t to th e l i f e t e s t s o f tu n g s te n la m p s .
A s a c o n s id e r a b le p o r t io n o f t h e w o r k in r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n
c a r r ie d
b e in g

on

a t tlx e r e q u e s t o f o t h e r

p r o v id e d

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m e n t.

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th e se o r g a n iz a tio n s , th e

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b y th e n e e d s o f th e se b r a n c h e s o f th e

G overn­

S ig n a l C o r p s, A ir

research

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fu n d s

S e r v ic e , a n d

B ureau

of

M a r k e ts o f

t h e D e p a r tm e n t o f A g r ic u lt u r e h a v e p r e s e n te d to th e B u r e a u a la r g e
num ber

of

p r o b le m s

fo r

s o lu tio n

d u r in g

th e

year.

C o n s id e r a b le

a t t e n t io n h a s b e e n p a id to k e e p in g t h e r e f e r e n c e file s o n r a d io s u b ­
je c ts

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year.

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c o lle c te d

w ith

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is

w ork,

p r o g r e s s is b e i n g m a d e in t h e s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n o f r a d io t e r m i n o l o g y ,
a s u b j e c t in w h ic h t h e B u r e a u is c o o p e r a t i n g w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d i z a ­
t io n C o m m itte e o f th e I n s t it u t e o f R a d io E n g in e e r s , a n d a m e m b e r
o f t h e B u r e a u ’s s t a f f h a s b e e n a p p o i n t e d s e c r e t a r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n
b r a n c h o f th e
C o n fe r e n c e s

I n te r n a tio n a l U n io n

have

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w ith

th e

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G uard

p o s s ib le u t ilit y o f r a d io te le p h o n y fo r life b o a ts .

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on

t h e S ig n a l C o r p s , a s p e c ia l d ir e c t io n fin d e r h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d
u se

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lo c a te

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r a d io

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on

th e

f o g - s ig n a lin g a p p a r a t u s a t th e r a d io b e a c o n s t a t io n s o n F ir e

I s la n d L ig h ts h ip , A m b r o se C h a n n e l L ig h ts h ip , a n d S e a G ir t L ig h t ­
h o u se.

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d e m o n s tr a tio n

p a r a tu s w e r e m a d e , u s in g

Tulip.
r a d io

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th e

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se ts.

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ap­

lig h th o u s e te n d e r

in c r e a s in g a m o u n t o f in te r e s t is b e in g s h o w n

r e c e iv in g

m a r k e t r e p o r ts n o w b e in g se n t o u t.
m a tio n

te sts o f

th e in s ta lla tio n

in

c o n n e c tio n

s im p le

w ith

th e

T h e B u r e a u is c o m p ilin g in f o r ­

A s s is ta n c e

w as

rendered

th e

B ureau

o f M a r k e ts o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r e in t h e b r o a d c a s t in g o f
th e m a r k e t r e p o r ts ju s t m e n tio n e d .

T h is s e r v ic e w a s c a r r ie d o n fo r

so m e tim e b y th e r a d io s ta tio n o f th e B u r e a u o f S ta n d a r d s , b u t h a s

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

81

n o w b ee n tu r n e d o v e r to th e A ir M a il S e r v ic e o f th e P o s t O ffice
D ep a rtm en t.
T h e d a m a g e c a u se d b y e le c t r o ly s is o f u n d e r g r o u n d p ip e s in o u r
c it ie s is v e r y g r e a t, a n d h a s r e s u lt e d in m a n y d is p u t e s b e tw e e n t r a c ­
t io n c o m p a n ie s a n d t h e o w n e r s o f t h e p ip e s . T h e d a n g e r a n d lo s s is
n o t a lo n e d u e t o t h e in j u r y t o t h e p ip e s th e m s e lv e s , b u t t o th e in d ir e c t
lo s s , c a u se d b y th e w e a k e n in g a n d b u r s t in g o f w a te r m a in s a t c r it ic a l
tim e s , t h e le a k a g e o f g a s fr o m p it t e d m a in s , e tc . T h e B u r e a u h a s
f o r so m e t im e m a d e s u r v e y s o f e le c t r o ly s is c o n d it io n s in o u r c it ie s ,
a n d h a s o f t e n b e e n a b le to p o in t o u t w a y s f o r le s s e n in g t h e d a m a g e
a n d d a n g e r s a r is i n g fr o m t h is c a u se .
T h e in v e s t i g a t i o n o f le a d
c a b le tr o u b le s in S t . L o u is w a s c o m p le te d d u r in g t h e y e a r . I t w a s
p o in te d o u t t h a t t h e r e w e r e in a ll fiv e s e p a r a te c a u s e s o f t h e e le c ­
t r o ly s is o f th e s e c a b le s, a n d t h e ir r e la t iv e im p o r ta n c e w a s in d ic a te d .
T h e B u r e a u is c o o p e r a t in g w it h a ll t h e g r e a t n a tio n a l a s s o c ia tio n s
in te r e s te d in th e e le c t r o ly s is p r o b le m , a n d i t is h o p e d t h a t t h e w o r k
c a n b e p u sh e d m o r e v ig o r o u s ly d u r in g t h e c o m in g y e a r . C o n s id e r ­
a b le im p r o v e m e n t h a s b e e n m a d e in t h e a p p a r a t u s u se d in m a k in g
field s u r v e y s a n d so m e e n t ir e ly n ew m e t h o d s h a v e b e e n w o r k e d o u t.
HEAT AND THERMOM ETRY.

T h e n u m b e r o f c lin ic a l th e r m o m e t e r s te s te d d u r in g t h e y e a r ,
2 6 ,3 3 6 , is s l i g h t l y la r g e r th a n la s t y e a r . T h e in t e r e s t in g f a c t in
c o n n e c tio n w it h t h is w o r k is t h a t o v e r 9 5 p e r c e n t o f th e s e t h e r ­
m o m e te r s w e r e f o r v e te r in a r y u se . P r o g r e s s is b e in g m a d e in th e
e lim in a t io n o f m is le a d in g c e r tif ic a te s in th e c lin ic a l th e r m o m e te r
fie ld , b u t t h e r e is r o o m f o r m u c h f u r t h e r im p r o v e m e n t in t h is d ir e c ­
tio n .
M o r e in te r e s t is b e in g s h o w n e a c h y e a r in p y r o m e tr ic w o r k o n
a c c o u n t o f th e r a p id ly in c r e a s in g im p o r ta n c e o f th e m e a s u r e m e n t
a n d c o n tr o l o f h ig h t e m p e r a tu r e s in m a n y in d u s t r ia l p r o c e sse s. T h e
r e c e n t p u b lic a tio n o n p y r o m e t r ic p r a c tic e ( T e c h n o lo g ic P a p e r N o .
1 7 0 ) is s u e d b y th e B u r e a u h a s b e e n r e c e iv e d w it h e n t h u s ia s m b y th e
in d u s t r ie s a n d b y te c h n ic a l e d u c a t io n a l in s t it u t io n s .
W o r k h a s c o n t in u e d o n t h e d e t e r m in a tio n o f th e f u n d a m e n ta l c o n ­
s ta n ts o f r e f r ig e r a t in g e n g in e e r in g , a n d a r e p o r t c o v e r in g t h e i n ­
v e s t ig a t io n s to d a te w a s m a d e a t th e D e c e m b e r m e e t in g o f th e A m e r i­
c a n S o c ie t y o f R e f r ig e r a t i n g E n g in e e r s .
T h e c o m p le tio n o f th e
ta b le s o n th e p r o p e r tie s o f a n h y d r o u s a m m o n ia w i l l r e q u ir e e x p e r i­
m e n ta l d a t a o n th e s p e c ific v o lu m e s a n d s p e c ific h e a t o f th e sa tu r a te d
vapor.
T h e n e c e ss a r y a p p a r a t u s h a s b e e n c o n s tr u c te d a n d p r e ­
lim in a r y m e a s u r e m e n ts m a d e. A n e w flo w c a lo r im e te r f o r w o r k in
c o n n e c tio n w it h t h e d e t e r m in a tio n o f th e sp e c if ic h e a t o f g a s e s h a s
b een c o m p le te d , a n d a p a p e r is to b e p u b lis h e d in th e n e a r f u tu r e on
reoco —21---- 6

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

82

n e w fo r m s f o r t h e M o llie r c h a r t a s u s e d in r e f r ig e r a t in g e n g in e e r in g .
I n v e s t ig a t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e o f v e r y s m a ll p r e s s u r e r e lie f d e v ic e s ,
and

v a lu a b le d a ta

h ave ben

secu red

on

th e d ia p h r a g m s u se d

w ith

s u c h a p p lia n c e s .
W o r k o n t h e fir e r e s is t a n c e o f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s h a s b e e n a c t i v e l y
p u sh e d d u r in g th e y e a r .

T h e t e c h n o l o g i c p a p e r o n t h e fir e t e s t s o f

c o n c r e te c o lu m n s is n o w b e in g p r e p a r e d fo r p u b lic a tio n .
s iv e p r o g r a m
f e e t in
w ay.

A n e x ten ­

o f t e s t s o f b r ic k w a lls , m a d e u p in t o p a n e ls 11 b y

s iz e , h a s b een la id

1G

o u t a n d th e e x p e r im e n ts a r e w e ll u n d e r

B o t h 8 a n d 1 2 in c h w a l l s a r e t o b e t e s t e d u n d e r fir e c o n d i t i o n s

a n d t h e ir e f f e c t iv e n e s s a s fir e b a r r ie r s d e t e r m in e d .

In

c o o p e r a tio n

w ith th e H o llo w B u ild in g T ile A s s o c ia tio n a n in v e s tig a tio n h a s b een
c o m m e n c e d o n t h e fir e r e s is t a n c e u n d e r lo a d o f h o l l o w t ile .

A

is

v a r io u s

b e in g

e q u ip p e d

fo r

s p e c ia l

w ork

on

ig n itio n

p o in ts

of

room

s u b s ta n c e s , s p o n ta n e o u s ig n it io n , e tc .
U n u s u a l in te r e s t
w ork

h a s been

in c o n n e c tio n

w ith

sh o w n

in

so m e

p a r ts o f

a u to m o tiv e p o w e r p la n ts .

th e

In

B u r e a u ’s

th e a ltitu d e

la b o r a to r y tw o m a jo r in v e s t ig a t io n s h a v e b e e n c a r r ie d o u t, o n e b e in g
th e

a ltitu d e

te s tin g

of

a ir p la n e

e n g in e s

in

c o o p e r a tio n

w ith

th e

E n g in e e r in g D iv is io n o f th e A ir S e r v ic e o f th e A r m y , a n d th e o th e r
th e

e ffe c t

e n g in e s .

of

c o m p r e s s io n

Two

r a tio

r e p r e s e n ta tiv e

on

R e s u lts o f c o n s id e r a b le v a lu e

on

th e

to e n g in e p e r fo r m a n c e h a v e b een
su b je c ts

are

in

p ro cess

e le c tr ic a l

d iv is io n ,

T h is h a s

in c lu d e d

of

w ork

th e

G erm an

r e la tio n

secu red .

p r e p a r a tio n .

on

p e r fo r m a n c e
e n g in e s

ig n itio n

th e in v e s tig a tio n

of

have

a v ia tio n

been

te ste d .

o f c o m p r e s s io n

E le v e n
In

c o o p e r a tio n

sy ste m s

o f sp a rk

lia s

r a tio

r e p o r ts o n th e se
w ith

th e

been

c o n tin u e d .

p lu g s a n d

p o r c e la in s ,

a s tu d y o f th e e ffe c t o f th e e le c tr ic a l c h a r a c te r o f th e sp a r k o n ig n i­
tio n ,. a n d
v o lta g e

an

in

in v e s tig a tio n

h ig h -te n s io n

of

th e

m a g n e to s.

m a th e m a tic a l
A

stu d y

is

th e o r y
b e in g

of

in d u c e d

m ade

o f th e

d e te r io r a tio n o f lu b r ic a tio n o ils a f t e r lo n g s e r v ic e in a t y p ic a l a u to ­
m o b ile e n g in e , a n d o ils f o r s p e c ia l p u r p o s e s h a v e b e e n in v e s t ig a t e d .
Two

m a in

p r o b le m s h a v e

b een

s tu d ie d

in

c o n n e c tio n

w ith

carbu­

r e to r s ; th e m ix tu r e c o n tr o l fo r a ir c r a ft e n g in e s a n d th e d is tr ib u tio n
of

liq u id

and

v a p o r iz e d

fu el

in

th e

in ta k e

m a n ifo ld .

The

fu el

e c o n o m y o f s ix w id e ly u se d ty p e s o f a u to m o b ile c a r b u r e to r s h a s b e e n
in v e s tig a te d

f o r d iffe r e n t lo a d s a n d s p e e d s .

I n o rd er to u n d e r sta n d

m o r e f u l l y th e p h e n o m e n a o f c o m b u s tio n in t h e c y lin d e r s o f in t e r n a lc o m b u s tio n e n g in e s , e x p e r im e n ta l s tu d ie s h a v e b e e n m a d e o f th e r a te s
at w h ic h

v a r io u s a ir -fu e l m ix tu r e s b u r n

u n d e r d if f e r e n t c o n d it io n s .

A s p e c ia l o n e -c y lin d e r e n g in e h a s b een u se d

fo r so m e o f th is w o rk .

A s y s te m a tic c o m p ila tio n a n d r e v is io n o f a ll r e se a r c h r e s u lts o b ta in e d
d u r i n g t h e B u r e a u ’s i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
a ir c r a ft e n g in e s

has

been

b e issu e d o n th e su b je c t.

m ade, and

a

r a d ia to r s fo r

c o m p r e h e n s iv e

report

w ill

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

83

A t t h e r e q u e st o f th e M o to r T r a n s p o r t D i v i s i o n o f th e Q u a r te r ­
m a s te r C o r p s o f th e A r m y , a s p e c ia l in v e s t ig a t io n is b e in g m a d e o f
th e p e r fo r m a n c e o f m o to r tr u c k r ea r a x le a ss e m b lie s . T h is w o r k
in c lu d e s a d e te r m in a tio n o f th e e fficien c y o f p o w e r t r a n s m is s io n u n d e r
a ll c o n d it io n s o f lo a d a n d an e n d u r a n c e r u n to b r in g o u t a n y
p o s s ib le w e a k n e s s in th e c o n s tr u c tio n . A n im p o r ta n t in v e s t ig a t io n
o f th e p r o p e r tie s o f b r a k e l i n i n g m a te r ia ls f o r a u to m o b ile s h a s b een
in p r o g r e s s d u r in g th e y e a r . M a n y s a m p le s h a v e b e e n se n t in b y
m a n u f a c t u r e r s a n d a c o n fe r e n c e M as h e ld a t th e B u r e a u a t w h ic h
m o st o f th e p a r t ie s in te r e s te d M ere r e p r e s e n te d . D a t a M’h ic h w i l l
le a d to s ta n d a r d iz a t io n o f t e s t s o f b r a k e l i n i n g m a te r ia ls a r e b e in g
se c u re d .
O PTIC S.

T h e }Te a r h a s n d tn e ss e d th e c o m p le tio n o f so m e v e r y im p o r t a n t
w o r k in th e fie ld o f o p tic s . I n c o n n e c tio n w it h s p e c tr o s c o p y a c ­
c u r a te M a v e - l e n g t h m e a s u r e m e n ts o f th e s p e c tr a o f t h e in e r t g a s e s,
h e liu m , n e o n , a r g o n , k r y p t o n , a n d x e n o n h a v e b e e n c o m p le te d . T h e
p e c u lia r c h a r a c te r is t ic s o f th e s p e c tr a o f th e se g a s e s m a k e th e m
p a r t ic u la r ly u s e fu l a s s ta n d a r d s f o r le n g th m e a su r e m e n ts. I n c o ­
o p e r a tio n w it h th e B u r e a u o f th e M in t o f th e T r e a s u r y D e p a r t m e n t
a n e la b o r a te s t u d y o f th e s p e c tr a o f v a r io u s a llo y s o f g o ld h a s b e en
c a r r ie d o n . T h is M-ork h a s y ie ld e d v e r y s a t is f a c t o r y r e s u lt s a n d m a y
r e v o lu t io n iz e th e m e th o d s o f g o ld a n a ly s is in u se b y th e U n it e d
S t a t e s M in t. A b o u t 100 tu b e s fille d w it h v a r io u s g a s e s h a v e b een
p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u ’s la b o r a to r ie s f o r t h e u se o f e d u c a t io n a l a n d
r e se a r c h in s t it u t io n s t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n tr y in c o n n e c tio n w it h
s p e c tr o s c o p ic r e se a r c h . T h e M7o r k 6 n th e h y p e r s e n s it iz in g o f p h o t o ­
g r a p h ic p la te s , w h ic h r e n d e r s th e m s e n s it iv e to th e lo n g e r w a v e
le n g t h s o f th e s p e c tr u m , h a s b e e n c o n tin u e d w it h s a t is f a c t o r y r e su lt s
a n d h a s h a d a n im p o r t a n t b e a r in g in r e c e n t im p r o v e m e n ts in p h o t o g ­
r a p h y o f v a r io u s k in d s , in c lu d in g th e t a k in g o f p ic tu r e s fr o m a ir ­
p la n e s th r o u g h h a z e a n d f o g .
T h e w o r k o f th e s u g a r s e c t io n h a s b e en p r o s e c u te d w it h v ig o r ,
a n d in s p it e o f th e n e c e ss a r y c u r ta ilm e n t a lo n g c e r t a in lin e s im p o r ­
ta n t r e su lts h a v e b e e n a c c o m p lish e d . L a b o r a t o r y a n d s e m ic o m m e r ­
c ia l- s iz e d s u g a r -r e f in in g e q u ip m e n t h a s b e e n o b ta in e d , o f t e n b y lo a n
fr o m th e m a n u fa c tu r e r s, so t h a t i t is n o w p o s s ib le to s t u d y n ew
p r o c e sse s o f r e fin in g s u g a r o n p r a c t ic a lly a c o m m e r c ia l sc a le b e fo r e
th e m e th o d is g iv e n to th e m a n u f a c t u r e r s , th u s a v o id in g d e la y s a n d
e r r o r s w h ic h a re v e r y c o s t ly in a c o m m e r c ia l p la n t. T h r o u g h th e
r e se a r c h e s o f th e B u r e a u , A m e r ic a n m a n u f a c t u r e r s a r e n o w a b le to
p r o d u c e a n u m b e r o f th e r a r e s u g a r s , M'hich a r e e x tr e m e ly im p o r ta n t
in p a t h o lo g ic a l r e se a r c h e s, in q u a n titie s a n d a t p r ic e s c o m p a r a b le

REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

84
w ith

th o se e x is tin g

b e fo r e

th e

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w as

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th e o n ly s o u r c e o f th e s e m a te r ia ls .
T h e c a u s e s o f s t r a in s in o p t ic a l g la s s a n d t h e p r o p e r m e t h o d s to
b e u s e d in a n n e a lin g g la s s h a v e b e e n s t u d ie d , a n d a f t e r a lo n g in v e s t i­
g a t io n im p o r ta n t p r e lim in a r y w o r k h a s b e e n c o m p le te d o n th e e s ta b ­
lis h m e n t. o f a s t a n d a r d

fo r

“ w h ite

l i g h t ” w h ic h

r e a lly

fo r m s th e

w h o le b a s is o f c o lo r im e tr y .

V a lu a b le d a ta o n t h e c o lo r a n d s p e c tr a l

tr a n s m is s iv ity

o ils h a v e

o f v e g e ta b le

been

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sta n d a rd s

f o r tb e c o lo r g r a d in g o f n u m e r o u s c o m m o d itie s h a v e b e e n e s ta b lis h e d .
I n c o o p e r a tio n w ith th e O r d n a n c e D e p a r tm e n t o f th e A r m y , a v e r y
th o ro u g h

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m e n in t h e s e r v ic e in o r d e r t o in s u r e g o o d a v e r a g e r e s u lts .
S e v e r a l im p r o v e d o p tic a l in s tr u m e n ts h a v e b e e n
so m e

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r e fr a c to m e te r . a n d a u n iv e r s a l p o la r im e te r .

S u c c e ssfu l m e th o d s h a v e

b een d e v is e d f o r t e s t in g e y e -p r o te c tiv e g la s s e s , u s e d in g u a r d in g th e
e y e s o f w o r k m e n fr o m

in ju r io u s r a d ia tio n s , a n d a v e r y s im p le m e a n s

h a s b een w o r k e d o u t f o r c o a t in g th e w in d o w s o f b u ild in g s in s u c h a
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sta n d a r d s o f

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an ces u sed
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de­

m a te r ia ls ,

o f s e n s ito m e te r h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d .

S in c e th e p a te n t c o v e r in g t h is d e v ic e h a s b e e n d e d ic a te d to th e p u b lic ,
a n y o n e d e s ir in g to u s e a p p a r a t u s is a t lib e r t y t o d o so .
C H E M IST R Y .
T h is d iv is io n c o o p e r a te s w ith e v e r y o th e r d iv is io n

o f th e B u r e a u ,

f o r th e r e is h a r d ly a n in v e s t ig a t io n w h ic h d o e s n o t in v o lv e a c h e m ic a l
a n a ly s is o f so m e so r t.
r a tio n

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s p e c ific a tio n

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fo r

t h is r e a so n th e c h e m is tr y d iv is io n is o fte n c a lle d u p o n to a s s is t o th e r
b u r e a u s a n d d e p a r tm e n ts o f th e G o v e r n m e n t.
D u r in g th e y e a r v a lu a b le a s s is ta n c e h a s b e e n g iv e n
of

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and

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in

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e n g r a v e d p r in t in g p la te s b y e le c tr o ly tic m e th o d s.

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d e v e l o p e d i n t h e B u r e a u ’s l a b o r a t o r i e s a n d h a s b e e n n l a c e d o n a s u e -

REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
c e s s f u l c o m m e r c ia l b a s is .

In

85

th e p a s t m o n th s s e v e r a l w a y s fo r im ­

p r o v in g th e p r o c e s s a n d f o r s e c u r in g a d d e d e c o n o m ie s h a v e b e e n d is ­
covered.
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o f a c o m m e r c ia l c o n c e r n s o m e p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e .

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cooper­

a tio n w ith th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t a s t u d y is b e in g m a d e o f th e fa c to r s
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th e ir p h y s ic a l p r o p e r tie s a n d f o r p e r m e a b ility .
d e t a ilin g th e r e s u lts o f t h is w o r k .

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d e v e lo p m e n t o f a p p a r a tu s f o r a u to m a tic a lly

r e c o r d in g th e a n a ly s is

o f g a s e s , u s in g th e th e r m a l-c o n d u c tiv ity m e th o d .

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th e s e in s tr u m e n ts h a v e b e e n c o n s tr u c te d a n d in s t a lle d a t G o v e r n m e n t
g a s -p r o d u c tio n p la n ts .

T h e p e r f o r m a n c e in s o m e c a s e s h a s n o t b e e n

e n tir e ly s a tis fa c to r y , b u t o n th e w h o le th e in s ta lla tio n s h a v e p r o v e d
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m e th o d s fo r p r o d u c in g h y d r o g e n

th e c a se h a v in g b e e n d e v e lo p e d .

a t a c o s t le s s th a n

is

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o f E n g in e e r in g o f th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t , a n a ir s h ip s lid e r u le , u s e f u l
in c o n n e c t io n w it h c a lc u la t io n s o f t h e l i f t i n g p o w e r , e t c ., o f lig b t o r th a n -a ir c r a f t , w a s d e s ig n e d a n d c o n s tr u c te d .

A n o r d e r w a s im m e ­

d ia t e ly p la c e d b y t h e A ir S e r v ic e f o r a la r g e n u m b e r o f th e s e r id e s .
A g o o d s ta r t h a s b e e n m a d e o n a b ib lio g r a p h y o f th e s c ie n tific lit e r a ­
tu r e r e la tin g t o th e p r o p e r tie s o f g a s e s , b u t th e w o r k h a d to b e d is ­
c o n t in u e d o w in g to la c k o f f u n d s .
R e s e a r c h o n th e c h e m ic a l a n d p h y s ic a l p r o p e r tie s o f th e p la tin u m
m e ta ls

has

been

c o n tin u e d .

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m e ta ls o f t h is g r o u p h a v e b e e n p r o d u c e d .

q u a n titie s

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o f p la tin u m o f a h ig h e r d e g r e e o f p u r it y th a n a n y w h ic h th e B u r e a u
h a s b e e n a b le t o o b t a in
or abroad.

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s to le n fr o m

th e B u r e a u d u r in g

86

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

M a r c h . 1 9 2 0 , a b o u t 80 p e r c e n t w a s r e c o v e r e d in M a r c h o f t h is y e a r .
A s s is t a n c e w a s r e n d e r e d th e D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t ic e in it s in v e s t i g a ­
t io n o f th e t h e f t o f p la tin u m fr o m th e O ld H ic k o r y P o w d e r P l a n t ,
n e a r N a s h v ille , T e n n .
S t a n d a r d s a m p le s o f m e t a ls a n d a llo y s w e r e d is tr ib u t e d a s in
fo r m e r y e a r s , b u t u n f o r t u n a t e ly th e s m a ll f u n d o f $ 5 ,0 0 0 f o r t h is
w o r k w a s e n t ir e ly c u t o ff. w h ic h m a d e n e c e s s a r y th e c u r ta ilm e n t o f
th e d is tr ib u t io n . N e v e r th e le s s , in s p it e o f t h is d iffic u lty , th e B u r e a u
w a s a b le to s u p p ly 4 ,0 1 6 o f th e se s a m p le s to A m e r ic a n in d u s tr ie s .
W h e n it is r em e m b er ed t h a t th e se s a m p le s fo r m th e f u n d a m e n t a l
c h e m ic a l s ta n d a r d s f o r th e m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f t h is c o u n t r y , th e im ­
p o r ta n c e o f t h e w o r k w ill b e a p p r e c ia te d . T h e f u n d f o r m e r ly p r o ­
v id e d f o r t h is w o r k sh o u ld b e r e sto r e d a n d in c r e a se d i f p o s sib le .
I t s h o u ld be b o r n e in m in d t h a t t h is r e s u lt s in n o e x p e n s e to th e
G o v e r n m e n t, th e f e e s r e c e iv e d f o r th e s a m p le s m o re t h a n e q u a lin g
th e a m o u n t o f th e a p p r o p r ia tio n . S o m e c o o p e r a tiv e w o r k w a s p e r ­
fo r m e d o n B r i t i s h c h e m ic a l s ta n d a r d s , th e B u r e a u a c t in g in c o n n e c ­
t io n w it h B r i t i s h , S c o tc h , F r e n c h , a n d I t a l i a n a n a ly s ts . A s tu d y
o f th e J o n e s r e d u c to r w it h s p e c ia l r e fe r e n c e to th e r e d u c tio n o f ir o n ,
t it a n iu m , c h r o m iu m , m o ly b d e n u m , v a n a d iu m , a n d u r a n iu m h a s b e e n
p a r t ia lly c o m p le te d .
T h e u s u a l la r g e n u m b e r o f r o u tin e te s ts o n a ll s o r ts o f m a te r ia ls ,
s u c h a s b a llo o n f a b r ic s , r u b b e r g o o d s , t e x t ile s , in k s , c a r b o n p a p e r ,
t y p e w r it e r r ib b o n s , g lu e a n d p a s te , e tc ., h a v e b e en c o n d u c te d f o r
G o v e r n m e n t d e p a r tm e n ts a n d th e G e n e r a l S u p p ly C o m m itte e .
A c t iv e w o r k b y th e I n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l C o m m it te e o n P a i n t S p e c i ­
fic a tio n S t a n d a r d iz a t io n , o n w h ic h th e B u r e a u is r e p r e s e n te d , h a s
b e e n c o n t in u e d t h is y e a r , a n d a su ffic ie n t n u m b e r o f s p e c if ic a tio n s
h a v e b een is s u e d to be o f d e c id e d u se in t h e in d u s t r y . M a n y o f th e
s p e c if ic a t io n s a re b e in g e m p lo y e d b y p e r so n s o u t s id e th e G o v e r n m e n t
a n d so m e h a v e b ee n a d o p te d a s s ta n d a r d b y th e A m e r ic a n S o c ie t y fo r
T e s t in g M a te r ia ls .
E N G IN E E R IN G P H Y SIC S.

A w id e v a r ie t y o f w o r k , i n c lu d in g i n v e s t ig a t io n s r e la t in g to
m e c h a n ic s , s o u n d , a n d p r o p e r tie s o f m a tt e r , t e s t in g a n d i n v e s t i g a ­
t io n o f e n g in e e r in g in s tr u m e n ts a n d m e c h a n ic a l a p p lia n c e s , s tu d ie s
o f s o u n d r a n g in g a n d th e s o u n d p r o o fn e s s o f b u ild in g m a te r ia ls ,
s tu d ie s o f a c o u s tic s , in v e s t ig a t io n a n d t e s t in g o f a ir c r a f t in s t r u ­
m e n ts, a n d w o r k in a e r o d y n a m ic s , is in c lu d e d u n d e r t h e a b o v e t it le .
T h e B u r e a u is o n e o f th e f e w la b o r a to r ie s in t h e c o u n t r y e q u ip p e d
w it h a ta n k in w h ic h c u r r e n t m e t e r s c a n b e r a te d , u s e d f o r m e a s u r in g
th e flo w o f w a t e r in r iv e r s a n d o th e r o p e n c h a n n e ls . A s t h is t a n k is
c o m p le t e ly h o u s e d i n , it c a n b e u s e d a t a ll s e a so n s, a n d h a s b e e n
u se d f o r a g r e a t n u m b e r o f t e s t s d u r in g th e p a s t y e a r . I n a l l, 511

KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

87

in s tr u m e n ts h a v e b e e n t e s t e d , i n c lu d in g b e s id e s c u r r e n t m e te r s, p r e s ­
su r e g a g e s , s te a m -e n g in e in d ic a t o r s , a n e m o m e te r s , o r d in a r y w a te r
m e te r s , s p e e d o m e te r s , e tc . A m o r e r e lia b le fo r m o f s a f e t y v a lv e fo r
h y d r o g e n c y lin d e r s h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d , w h ic h w i l l g i v e t h e d e s ir e d
d e g r e e o f s a f e t y b u t w ill n o t w a s t e t h e g a s . T h e in v e s t ig a t io n o f
r a d ia to r r e tu r n lin e v a lv e s , f o r th e office o f t h e S u p e r v i s in g A r c h i ­
t e c t o f th e T r e a s u r y D e p a r t m e n t , h a s b e en c o n tin u e d . T h e u se o f
im p r o v e d v a lv e s in t h is w o r k w i l l r e s u lt in a la r g e s a v in g o f s te a m ,
a n d a c o n se q u e n t r e d u c tio n in th e a m o u n t o f f u e l b u r n e d in th e
p u b lic b u i l d in g s c o m in g u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f t h a t office. I n c o o p e r a ­
t io n w it h t h e V a c u u m C le a n e r s M a n u f a c tu r e r s ’ A s s o c ia t io n , a s t a n d ­
a r d p r o c e d u r e f o r t e s t in g v a c u u m c le a n e r s is b e in g d e v e lo p e d , w h ic h
w i l l r e d u c e th e r a t in g s o n a ll t y p e s o f m a c h in e s to a c o m p a r a b le
b a s is. A n u m b e r o f d iff e r e n t m a k e s o f fire e x t in g u is h e r s h a v e b een
t e s t e d , a s in t h e p a s t , f o r th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e .
O w in g to th e la c k o f s u ita b le m e a s u r in g in s tr u m e n ts in v e s t ig a t o r s
h a v e b e en g r e a t ly h a m p e r e d in m a k in g s o u n d i n v e s t ig a t io n s . T h e r e ­
f o r e , th e B u r e a u h a s d e v o te d c o n s id e r a b le t im e to t h e im p r o v e m e n t
o f e x is t in g a n d t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f n e w s o u n d -m e a s u r in g d e v ic e s.
A p o r ta b le e le c tr o m e c h a n ic a l so u n d so u r c e h a s b e e n d e v is e d w h ic h
c a n be u sed u n d e r d iffic u lt c o n d itio n s . A n a p p a r a tu s w h ic h c a n be
u se d f o r m e a s u r in g s o u n d s o f d iff e r e n t f r e q u e n c ie s h a s a ls o b e e n
c o n s tr u c t e d , b e in g a d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e m a c h in e d e v is e d b y P r o f .
G . W . P ie r c e . T h e tw o d e v ic e s j u s t m e n tio n e d h a v e b e e n u se d to
s t u d y th e so u n d field o f a la r g e p a r a b o lic m ir r o r u se d b y th e A r m y
f o r lo c a t in g h o s t ile a ir c r a f t . W o r k h a s a ls o b ee n d o n e o n a m e th o d
f o r lo c a t in g e n e m y a ir p la n e s b y m e a n s o f t h e h e a t r a d ia t e d fr o m
t h e ir e n g in e s.
M a n y r e q u e s ts h a v e b e e n r e c e iv e d to s tu d y th e a c o u s tic a l d e f e c t s
o f b u ild in g s a n d a s se m b ly h a lls w it h a v ie w to s u g g e s t in g r e m e d ie s
f o r th e se u n s a t is f a c t o r y c o n d itio n s . T h e B u r e a u h a s o n ly b e e n a b le
to g i v e a lim it e d a m o u n t o f a s s is ta n c e in th e se c a s e s , a s th e w o r k
in m o st c a s e s in v o lv e s a n e x te n d e d in v e s t ig a t io n . H o w e v e r , so m e
v a lu a b le a id h a s b e e n g iv e n . A n e le c tr o n -tu b e d r iv e f o r t u n in g
fo r k s, d e v e lo p e d la s t y e a r , h a s b e en c o n s id e r a b ly im p r o v e d , a n d a
s u c c e s s f u l r a d io t im e r e c o r d e r h a s b e e n d e s ig n e d a n d c o n s tr u c te d
f o r t h e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y . I n c o o p e r a tio n w it h th e O r d ­
n a n c e D e p a r t m e n t o f th e A r m y a c h r o n o g r a p h h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d
fo r v e r y p r e c ise m e a s u r e m e n t o f p r o j e c t ile s p e e d s o v e r s m a ll d i s ­
ta n c e s . P a r a l l e l i n g t h is w o r k , th e f e a s i b i li t y o f u t il i z i n g th e p ie z o ­
e le c tr ic e ffe c t fo r o b t a in in g a g r a p h ic a l r ec or d o f th e t im e -p r e s s u r e
r e la t io n in th e d is c h a r g e o f a g u n h a s b e e n in v e s t ig a t e d . W h a t a p ­
p e a r s to b e a s a t is f a c t o r y a p p a r a t u s h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d . V a r io u s
p h a s e s o f so u n d r a n g in g h a v e b een s tu d ie d in c o o p e r a tio n w it h th e
S i g n a l C o r p s a n d th e O r d n a n c e D e p a r t m e n t . T h is w o r k h a s m a d e

REPORT OK THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

88

n e c e ss a r y th e d e s ig n in g o f s e v e r a l n e w in s tr u m e n ts , i n c lu d in g a
s t r i n g g a lv a n o m e t e r a n d an o s c illo g r a p h w it h o u t d a m p in g flu id .
F o r so m e t im e a n e x t e n s iv e p r o g r a m o f r e se a r c h a n d d e v e lo p m e n t
w o r k lia s b e en u n d e r w a y o n a e r o n a u tic in s tr u m e n ts in c o o p e r a tio n
w it h th e A r m y , N a v y , th e N a t io n a l A d v is o r y C o m m itte e f o r A e r o ­
n a u t ic s , a n d w it h o th e r G o v e r n m e n t a g e n c ie s a n d so m e p r iv a te
fir m s. B e s id e s i n v e s t ig a t io n a l w o r k , a g o o d m a n y r o u tin e t e s t s o f
a ir c r a f t in s tr u m e n ts h a v e lik e w is e b e e n c a r r ie d o u t. A th o r o u g h
s t u d y h a s b e en m a d e o f t h e e ffe c t o f a lt it u d e o n a ir - s p e e d in d ic a t o r s ,
a sp e c ia l w in d t u n n e l o f s m a ll s iz e d e s ig n e d f o r s t u d y in g t h e p e r ­
fo r m a n c e o f in s tr u m e n ts a t h ig h a lt it u d e s h a v in g b e en s e t u p i n o n e
o f th e B u r e a u ’s a lt it u d e c h a m b e r s f o r th e p u r p o s e . R e se a r c h le a d ­
in g to im p r o v e d m e t h o d s f o r m a k in g in s tr u m e n t d ia p h r a g m s h a s
b ee n c o n tin u e d , a n d a stu d }' h a s b e e n m a d e o f th e h y s t e r e s is e ffe c ts
in B o u r d o n tu b e s, su c h a s a re u se d in m a n y p r e ssu r e g a g e s . B i ­
m e t a llic b a r s, u se d to o p e r a te te m p e r a tu r e c o m p e n s a t in g m e c h a ­
n is m s , a ir c r a f t s e x ta n t s , a n d c o m p a ss e s a n d tu r n in d ic a t o r s h a v e
lik e w is e b e e n s tu d ie d . A n u m b e r o f im p r o v e d t y p e s o f in s tr u m e n ts
h a v e b ee n d e s ig n e d a n d b u ilt d u r in g th e y e a r , su c h as a p r e c isio n
b a r o m e te r , t e m p e r a tu r e -c o m p e n s a te d a ltim e t e r , p r e c is io n b a r o g r a p h ,
r e c o r d in g r a te - o f- c lim b in d ic a t o r , c o m b in e d s ta t o s c o p e a n d r a te -o fc lim b in d ic a t o r , g r o u n d s p e e d in d ic a t o r , s e v e r a l t y p e s o f a ir c r a ft
s e x ta n t s , a n a s tr o n o m ic a l p o s it io n fin d e r , h o r iz o n ta l a n g le in d ic a to r ,
ta c h o m e te r s , a ir -s p e e d in d ic a t o r f o r d ir ig ib le s , a n d a b a llo n e t v o lu m e
in d ic a t o r f o r lig h t e r - t h a n - a ir c r a ft . T e s t s o f th e se in s tr u m e n ts
sh o w th e m t o be in n e a r ly a ll c a s e s s a t is f a c t o r y f o r th e p u r p o s e s
in te n d e d .
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c r a f t w o r k n o w u n d e r w a y in E n g la n d , F r a n c e , I t a l y , a n d G e r m a n y ,
a n d v a lu a b le in fo r m a tio n h a s b e e n se c u r e d .

V e r y c o m p le te e q u ip m e n t is n o w a v a ila b le f o r i n v e s t ig a t io n s in
a e r o d y n a m ic s , a s t w o w in d t u n n e ls a r e a t p r e s e n t in s e r v ic e a n d a
t h ir d is u n d e r c o n s tr u c tio n . T h e l a r g e s t t u n n e l a t p r e se n t in u se is
o f o c ta g o n a l c r o s s s e c tio n , w it h a d is ta n c e o f 5 4 in c h e s b e tw e e n
o p p o s it e fa c e s. T h is t u n n e l is e q u ip p e d w it h t w o b a la n c e s, o n e f o r
w o r k o f th e h ig h e s t p r e c is io n a n d th e o th e r fo r r o u g h e r d e te r m in a ­
t io n s , a n d w in d s p e e d s fr o m 17 to 90 m ile s p e r h o u r m a y b e se c u r e d .
A 3 6 -in c h c ir c u la r t u n n e l is a ls o in u s e , in w h ic h a w in d s p e e d fr o m
11 to 180 m ile s a n h o u r is o b ta in a b le . T h e t u n n e l n o w u n d e r c o n ­
s tr u c t io n w ill be 10 feet in d ia m e te r , a n d it is p la n n e d to p r o v id e f o r
a s p e e d r a n g e t h e sa m e a s t h a t o f th e 5 4 -in c h tu n n e l. D u r i n g th e
p a s t t w o y e a r s a th o r o u g h s t u d y h a s b e e n m a d e o f th e a e r o d y n a m ic a l

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
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S T R U C T U R A L , E N G IN E E R IN G , A N D M IS C E L L A N E O U S M A T ER IA LS.
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r ia ls o r d in a r ily e m p lo y e d in e n g in e e r in g a n d in d u s t r ia l w o r k .

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o n w e ld e d a n d r iv e te d s te e l ta n k s a n d d a ta w e r e c o lle c te d o n th e a d ­
v is a b ilit y o f r a is in g th e a llo w a b le s tr e s s e s in ste e l fo r b u ild in g c o n ­
s tr u c tio n .

I t w a s c o n c lu d e d t h a t s u ffic ie n t in f o r m a t io n is n o t y e t o n

h a n d to w a r r a n t t h is b e in g d o n e .

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g a g e m e a s u r e m e n ts o f th e flo o r s o f th e A r lin g t o n B u ild in g h a v e b e e n
p r e p a r e d f o r p r in t in g a n d w ill s o o n b e p u b lis h e d .

S tr e n g th te sts are

b e in g m a d e o f h o llo w -b r ic k w a lls , a n d i f th e r e s u lts a r e s a t is f a c t o r y ,
a d ir e c tio n f o r e c o n o m iz in g in b u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n m a y b e p o in te d
o u t.

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fo r a ir p la n e c o n s tr u c tio n .

T h is h a s in c lu d e d s tr e a m -lin e w ir e s a n d

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

90

th e l i g h t a llo y s o f a lu m in u m u se d f o r m a k in g w in g s u r fa c e s , e tc . I t
h a s b e en s h o w n t h a t f a ilu r e b y f a t i g u e is a n im p o r t a n t p o in t t o c o n ­
s id e r in u s in g th e se m a te r ia ls . A t th e r e q u e st o f t h e N a v y D e p a r t ­
m e n t e x p e r im e n ts w e re c o n d u c te d o n b o d y -b o u n d b o lts a n d i t w a s
f o u n d t h a t a t i g h t fit c o u ld b e se c u r e d b y s h r in k in g t h e b o lts w it h
liq u id a ir , o r b y e x p a n d in g th e m w it h a n e x p lo s iv e c h a r g e p la c e d in
a h o le d r ille d a lo n g th e a x i s o f th e b o lt. S o m e e x p e r im e n ts h a v e
b e en m a d e o n th e s t r e n g t h o f s c r e w th r e a d s in c o o p e r a tio n w it h th e
N a t io n a l S c r e w T h r e a d C o m m is s io n . C a lib r a tio n s o f t e s t in g m a ­
c h in e s h a v e in c lu d e d a c o m p a r is o n c a lib r a t io n o f th e 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 -p o u n d
c h a in t e s t in g m a c h in e a t th e B o s t o n N a v y Y a r d a n d a 1 ,0 0 0 ,00 0 p o u n d h y d r a u lic p r e s s b e lo n g in g to th e B u r e a u .' I n b o th c a s e s th e
m a c h in e s t e s te d r ea d h ig h a s c o m p a r e d w it h th e s ta n d a r d m a c h in e
o f th e B u r e a u . I n a ll, 7 8 0 t e s t s w e r e c o m p le t e d d u r in g t h e y e a r .
N o n e w in v e s t ig a t io n s o n t h e c o n s t it u t io n o f P o r t la n d c e m e n t w e re
u n d e r ta k e n d u r in g th e y e a r . S e v e r a l lo t s o f m a g n e s it e h a v e b e e n
c a lc in e d u n d e r c o n tr o lle d c o n d itio n s , a n d fr o m th e r e s u lt in g c a lc in e
t y p ic a l m ix t u r e s f o r a f lo o r in g a n d f o r a stu c c o c o m p o s it io n h a v e
b e e n m a d e. T h e m a r k e d e ffe c ts o f d iff e r e n t a g g r e g a t e s o n th e sam e
c a lc in e w e re n o te d . T h e e la b o r a te t e s t o f a c o n c r e te a n d h o llo w t il e flo or s la b a t W a y n e s b u r g , O h io , w a s c o m p le te d . I t w a s im ­
p o s s ib le to p r o d u c e f a ilu r e o f a n y o f th e p a n e ls w it h th e m a x im u m
lo a d w h ic h c o u ld b e p ile d u p o n th e sla b . I n th e c a se o f th e la r g e s t
p a n e l, th e fin a l lo a d w a s 18.6 t im e s t h e s a f e lo a d a llo w e d b y p r e s e n t
c a lc u la t io n s . T h is in d ic a t e s a c h a n c e f o r m o re e c o n o m ic a l c o n s tr u c ­
t io n t h r o u g h th e e m p lo y m e n t o f h ig h e r a llo w a b le str e ss e s. I t a p ­
p e a r s fr o m a n a n a ly s is o f str e s s e s in s la b s, u n d e r ta k e n in c o o p e r a ­
t io n w it h th e A m e r ic a n C o n c r e te I n s t i t u t e , t h a t m o r e a t t e n t io n o u g h t
t o b e p a id to th e t e n s ile s tr e n g t h o f c o n c r e te , a f a c t o r w h ic h h a s
b e e n n e g le c te d h e r e to f o r e . A t o ta l o f 7 5 9 ,0 5 1 b a r r e ls o f c e m e n t w e re
s h ip p e d o n th e b a s is o f B u r e a u c e r tif ic a tio n d u r in g th e y e a r . T h is
r e p r e s e n ts q u ite a d e c r e a se fr o m th e p r e v io u s fisca l y e a r , a n d f o r t h is
r e a so n in s p e c tio n a t s e v e r a l p la n t s w a s d is c o n tin u e d . T h e B u r e a u ’s
b r a n c h la b o r a to r ie s a t P it t s b u r g h , N o r t h a m p to n , P a ., D e n v e r , a n d
S a n F r a n c isc o a re s t i l l m a in t a in e d h o w e v e r , a n d so m e o f th e m are
e q u ip p e d to d o a s m a ll a m o u n t o f m is c e lla n e o u s t e s t in g in a d d it io n
to c e m e n t w o r k . A d ig e s t is b e in g p r e p a r e d b o th in t h e fo r m o f a
c h a r t a n d a s a p a m p h le t o n f o r e ig n c e m e n t s p e c if ic a t io n s , a n d sh o u ld
p r o v e o f c o n s id e r a b le v a lu e to e x p o r te r s .
S o m e n e w e q u i p m e n t h a s b e e n a d d e d t o t h e B u r e a u ’s r u b b e r l a b o ­
r a to r y , so t h a t it is n o w p o s s ib le to c a r r y o u t th e c o m p o u n d in g a n d
v u lc a n iz in g
w ork.

o p e r a tio n s

C o n s id e r a b le

w h ic h

are

n ecessa ry

d iffic u lty

has

been

in

so m e

e x p e r ie n c e d

p a r ts
in

th e

of

th e

la b o r a ­

t o r ie s w ith th e c o m m e r c ia l r u b b e r t u b in g b o u g h t in th e o p e n m a r k e t,
.a n d f o r t h i s r e a s o n t h e r u b b e r l a b o r a t o r y e x p e r i m e n t e d o n d i f f e r e n t

REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

91

p r o c e sse s o f m a k in g t h is m a te r ia l a n d w a s so s u c c e s s fu l th a t n o w th e
e n tir e

B ureau

is

b e in g

s u p p lie d .

The

c o o p e r a tiv e

w ork

w ith

th e

D e p a r tm e n t o f A g r ic u lt u r e o n r u b b e r ja r r in g s h a s b e e n c o n tin u e d
d u r in g th e y e a r a n d w ill b e s u p p le m e n te d

w ith a c tu a l s e r v ic e te s ts .

T h e p o w e r lo s s e s in a u t o m o b ile t i r e s a r e b e i n g s t u d ie d w i t h t h e a id
o f a d y n a m o m e te r s p e c ia lly d e s ig n e d

fo r th is p u r p o se .

of

d e te r m in e

th is

a p p a r a tu s

it

is

p o s s ib le

a m o u n t o f p o w e r d is s ip a t e d in

to

w ith

B y th e u se
accuracy

th e

h e a t in d iffe r e n t k in d s o f t ir e s a n d

in n e r tu b e s .

T h is m a y le a d t o s o m e in t e r e s t in g d a ta f o r t h e d e s ig n

of

is

tir e s .

It

d if f e r e n t

p la n n e d

in g r e d ie n ts

in

on

w o rk h a s b een sta r te d .

th e

th e
A

n ea r fu tu r e

p r o p e r tie s

of

to

stu d y

rubber

th e

and

e ffe c ts o f

p r e lim in a r y

la r g e n u m b e r o f s a m p le s o f r u b b e r g o o d s

a n d m a te r ia ls a n d o f m is c e lla n e o u s a r tic le s a re te s te d fo r th e G o v ­
e r n m e n t d e p a r tm e n ts , th e G e n e r a l S u p p ly C o m m itte e , a n d in a fe w
c a s e s f o r p r iv a te p a r tie s .
p o s s ib le
th e

e x te n t

w ith

p r e p a r a tio n

goods of

T h e B u r e a u is c o o p e r a tin g to th e f u lle s t

m a n u fa c tu r e r s,

o f s p e c ific a tio n s to

a ll so r ts.

A m o n g th e se

S ta te s,
govern

m ay

and

m u n ic ip a litie s

th e p u rch a se

be

m e n tio n e d

of

in

rubber

s p e c ific a tio n s

f o r t ir e s a n d t u b e s a n d f o r fir e h o s e .
T h e in v e s tig a tio n , w h ic h

h as been

in

p r o g r e s s f o r so m e tim e , o n

t h e c o m p a r a t iv e d u r a b ilit y o f le a t h e r t a n n e d a n d fille d w it h v e g e ta b le
t a n n in g m a t e r ia ls a n d le a t h e r ta n n e d a n d fille d w it h s u lp h it e - c e llu ­
lo s e

e x tr a c t,

is

now

n e a r ly

c o m p le te d .

It

w o u ld

appear

th a t

th e

u se o f s u lp h ite c e llu lo s e d o e s n o t a ffe c t th e d u r a b ilit y o f th e le a th e r .
T w e n t y s e r v ic e t e s t s o f w a t e r p r o o f e d a n d n o n w a t e r p r o o f e d o a k s o le
le a th e r sh o w
tio n
is

b u t little

o f s h a r k -s k in

s till

in

d if f e r e n c e in

le a th e r

p rogress.

The

th e d u r a b ility .

The

r e s u lts

in d ic a te

th a t

th is

le a th e r

d u r a b le a s c a lf a n d d o e s n o t s c u ff o r p e e l so m u c h .
t iv e d u r a b ility o f h o g s k in a n d c a lf s k in
p

T h e t e x t ile la b o r a to r ie s h a v e b e e n

» th e

year.

The

c o n s ta n t-h u m id ity

c o t t o n - m ill e q u ip m e n t is c o m p le te .
fo r

a

num ber

v a r ie ty

of

o f te x tile

A s s o c ia tio n

th e

te x tile s

and
is

as

T h e com para­

u p p e r s w ill a ls o b e s tu d ie d ,

p u t in
room

is

e x c e lle n t sh a p e
now

fin is h e d

d u r in g
and

th e

S p e c ific a tio n s h a v e b een p r e p a r e d

G overnm ent

m a te r ia ls , a n d

in

d e p a r tm e n ts
c o o p e r a tio n

c o v e r in g
w ith

th e

a

w id e

N a tio n a l

o f W o o le n M a n u fa c tu r e r s q u ite a n e x t e n s iv e in v e s t ig a ­

t io n o f w o o le n p r o d u c ts is t o b e u n d e r ta k e n .
of

in v e s tig a ­

f o r sh o e u p p e r s h a s b een c o n tin u e d

is

r e c e iv in g

m ore

and

m ore

T h e m ic r o s c o p ic s tu d y

a tte n tio n .

The

B ureau

is

c o l l e c t i n g m a n y r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s a m p le s t o u s e in m ic r o s c o p ic i d e n t i f i ­
c a tio n

w ork.

tin u e d ,
s h o u ld

and

The
a

in v e s tig a tio n

c e r ta in

m in im u m

p ossess, h as b een

in c lu d in g

t e s t s in

th e

of

b a llo o n

th r e a d

d e c id e d u p o n .

c o n s ta n t-h u m id ity

fa b r ic s

c o u n t,
A

th o ro u g h

room , w as

f h e r e q u e s t o f a la r g e s e llin g h o u s e , t o d e c id e u p o n
ance

fo r

th e

le n g th

of

b la n k e ts .

V ery

has

w h ic h

h e lp fu l

been

su ch

con­

fa b r ic s

in v e s tig a tio n ,
u n d e r ta k e n

at

a p r o p e r to le r ­

c o o p e r a tio n

w as

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

92
secu red
tu rer

of

f o r th e p a r tie s
th e

b la n k e ts ,

r e q u e s tin g th e t e s t a n d

fr o m

th e

and

have

been

in te r e s tin g

r e s u lts

m a n u fa c ­
secu red .

P r e lim in a r y w o r k h a s b e e n s ta r te d o n th e p r o b le m o f u t iliz in g lo w g r a d e c o t t o n , a n d t h e v a r ia b le s in c lo t h h a v e b e e n s t u d ie d .

A s j u s t m e n tio n e d in c o n n e c tio n w it h th e w o r k o n t e x t i le s , th e
p a p e r la b o r a to r ie s h a v e lik e w is e b e en p la c e d in fir s t-c la s s c o n d itio n
d u r in g th e y e a r . S o m e n e w m a c h in e r y h a s b e e n a d d e d a n d t h e
s u c c e s s f u l o p e r a tio n o f th e c o n s ta n t- te m p e r a tu r e h u m id it y r o o m h a s
a d d e d g r e a t ly to t h e f a c i l i t y w it h w h ic h c e r t a in k in d s o f t e s t s c a n
be c a r r ie d o u t. A s ta in h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d b y w h ic h it i s p o s s ib le
to d iff e r e n tia te b e tw e e n s u lp h it e a n d s u lp h a t e p u lp in p a p e r , a s t h e
t w o c la s s e s o f fib er s sh o w d iff e r e n t c o lo r s wTh e n t r e a t e d w it h t h is s ta in
a n d th e n v ie w e d u n d e r a m isc r o s c o p e . C o n sid e r a b le t im e w a s d e ­
v o te d to a n a t te m p t t o p r o d u c e a s a t is f a c t o r y p a p e r f o r m a k in g
e le c tr ic a l c o n d e n se r s. A p a p e r su ffic ie n tly f r e e fr o m m a g n e tic
p a r t ic le s w a s r u n o ff o n t h e B u r e a u ’s p a p e r m a c h in e , b u t t h e t h ic k ­
n e s s w a s g r e a te r t h a n i s d e sir a b le . H o w e v e r , i t is t h o u g h t t h a t b y
m a k in g so m e a lt e r a t io n s in th e m a c h in e a s a t is f a c t o r y p a p e r c a n be
p r o d u c e d . T e s t s to d e te r m in e th e s iz i n g q u a lit y o f p a p e r h a v e b e en
s tu d ie d w it h a v ie w to th e ir im p r o v e m e n t, a n d i t is t h o u g h t t h a t a n
e le c tr ic a l c o n d u c t iv it y m e th o d w ill p r o v e s a t is f a c t o r y . A c ir c u la r
o n p a p e r t e s t in g ( C ir c u la r N o . 1 0 7 ) w a s iss u e d d u r in g t h e y e a r in
r e sp o n s e to m a n y r e q u e sts.
G e n e r a l p r o b le m s o f lu b r ic a t io n a n d th e u se o f d iff e r e n t in s tr u ­
m e n ts f o r d e t e r m in in g th e p r o p e r tie s o f o ils a n d s im ila r s u b s ta n c e s
h a v e b een s tu d ie d a s h e r e to fo r e . A p a p e r o n t h e M a c M ic h a e l v i s ­
c o s im e te r w a s p u b lis h e d b y th e B u r e a u o f M in e s , th e e x p e r im e n ta l
w o r k h a v in g b een d o n e in c o o p e r a tio n w i t h t h a t b u r e a u . T h e n e w
S a y b o lt v isc o s im e te r w a s d e s c r ib e d in a r e p o r t o f o n e o f t h e c o m ­
m it te e s o f th e A m e r ic a n S o c ie t y fo r T e s t in g M a te r ia ls . T h e s u b je c t
o f p la s t ic flo w h a s b ee n t h o r o u g h ly in v e s t ig a t e d , a n d h a s in c lu d e d
c o o p e r a tiv e w o r k w it h t h e B u r e a u o f H o m e E c o n o m ic s o f t h e D e ­
p a r tm e n t o f A g r ic u lt u r e . R o u tin e t e s t s w e r e m a d e o n C61 s a m p le s
o f o ils fo r G o v e r n m e n t d e p a r tm e n ts a n d o n 51 s a m p le s f o r p r iv a te
p a r tie s.
I n c o n n e c tio n w it h th e s t u d y o f lim e , g y p s u m , a n d s a n d - lim e b r ic k
c o n s id e r a b le p r o g r e s s h a s b ee n m ad e . T h e f e llo w s h ip e s ta b lis h e d
b y th e G y p s u m I n d u s t r ie s A s s o c ia t io n h a s b e e n c o n t in u e d , a n d a n ­
o th e r w a s e s ta b lis h e d b y th e N a t io n a l L im e A s s o c ia t io n . V i s i t s h a v e
b e en p a id w h e n p o s s ib le to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ’ p la n t s a n d th e ir p r o b le m s
s tu d ie d . T h e e ffe c t p r o d u c e d b y t h e a d d it io n o f h y d r a t e d lim e to
c o n c r e te h a s b ee n in v e s t ig a t e d , a n d f u r th e r w o r k o n t h e c a u s e s o f
t h e p o p p in g o f lim e p la s te r w ill b e c a r r ie d o u t in c o o p e r a tio n w ith
th e N a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n o f P l a s t e r in g C o n tr a c to r s , th e I n t e r n a t io n a l
P la s t e r e r s ’ U n io n , a n d th e N a t io n a l L im e A s s o c ia t io n . T h e in s t r u ­

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

93

m e n t d e s ig n e d b y th e B u r e a u to m e a su r e th e p la s t ic it y o f h y d r a te d
lim e h a s r e c e iv e d t h e o ffic ia l s a n c t io n o f th e N a t i o n a l L im e A s s o c i a ­
tio n .
M e a n s fo r c a u s in g th e q u ic k s e t t in g o f lim e p la s te r h a v e b e e n
v e s tig a te d , a n d th e B u r e a u is w o r k in g o n
sa n d ed g y p su m
c in e d g y p s u m
su m

p la s te r s .

S t a n d a r d r e q u ir e m e n t s f o r fin e n e s s o f c a l­

a r e a ls o b e in g in v e s tig a te d .

H e r e to fo r e c a lc in e d g y p ­

h a s n o t b e e n s u ffic ie n tly p la s t ic to b e e n t ir e ly s a t is f a c t o r y a s a

p la s te r in g m a te r ia l.

T h i s d iffic u lt} ' h a s b e e n o v e r c o m e in t h e

b y th e a d d itio n o f o th e r su b sta n c e s.
o f th e B u rea u
has

b een

gyp su m

a m e th o d

d is c o v e r e d , b y
w h ic h

is

H o w e v e r , th r o u g h

o f c o n tr o llin g
m eans o f

s u ffic ie n tly

p la s tic

fo r

it

is

a ll

p o s s ib le

p u rp oses.

p ast

th e e ffo r ts

th e m a n u fa c tu r in g

w h ic h

v a lu e o f t h is d is c o v e r y c a n b e e a s ily a p p r e c ia te d .
in g

in ­

a s ta n d a r d c o n s is te n c y o f

p rocess

to

produce

The

great

T h e p a te n t c o v e r ­

t h is p r o c e s s h a s b e e n d e d ic a te d t o th e p u b lic , a n d m a n y p la n ts

a r e in s t a llin g e q u ip m e n t fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g th e n e w p r o d u c t.
METALLURGY.
T h e m e ta llu r g ic a l w o r k o f th e B u r e a u
in

th e

fie ld

m e ta llu r g y ,
fr o m

of

p r o d u c ts

th is

la s t

th e ir o r e s, w o r k

m e ta llu r g y

h a v in g
w h ic h

to

do

is c o n c e r n e d w it h

as

d is tin g u is h e d

w ith

th e

research

fr o m

e x tr a c tio n

p ro cess

of

m e ta ls

is c a r r ie d o n b y o th e r b u r e a u s o f th e

G o v e r n m e n t.
M any

im p o r ta n t

in v e s tig a tio n s

have

been

c o n d u c te d

d u r in g

y e a r a n d in s e v e r a l c a s e s t h e w o r k h a s y ie ld e d v a lu a b le r e s u lts .

th e
N ew

e t c h in g m e th o d s h a v e b e e n d e v e lo p e d fo r th e m e ta llo g r a p h ic e x a m ­
in a tio n o f n o n fe r r o u s a llo y s , a n d th e s tu d ie s o f e tc h in g v a r io u s k in d s
o f ste e l h a v e

b e e n c o n tin u e d .

s o lu tio n o f a m m o n iu m

A

r e a g e n t c o n s is tin g o f a n

aqueous

p e r s u lp h a te h a s b een fo u n d to r e v e a l m o s t o f

t h e s tr u c tu r a l fe a tu r e s o f ir o n

a n d s te e l, w h ic h a re o r d in a r ily o n ly

r e v e a le d b y d e e p e t c h in g , a n d h a s th e a d v a n t a g e o f n o t s p o ilin g th e
s p e c im e n f o r fu r th e r e x a m in a tio n .

T h e in v e s t ig a t io n o f th e s tr u c t u r a l c h a n g e s w h ic h a c c o m p a n y th e
t e m p e r in g o f h a r d e n e d s te e ls is a b o u t o n e - h a lf c o m p le te d , b u t m o re
t h a n 4 0 0 a d d it io n a l s p e c im e n s m u s t b e e x a m in e d to fin ish t h e w o r k .
A n in v e s t ig a t io n s im ila r to t h a t c a r r ie d o u t o n le a d is n o w b e in g c o n ­
d u c te d o n th e e m b r it tle m e n t o f o th e r s o f t m e t a ls , a n d a s t u d y is
b e in g m a d e o f th e c o r r o s io n o f c h r o m iu m s te e l. T h e in v e s t ig a t io n o f
th e d is t r ib u t io n o f p h o s p h o r u s in lo w -c a r b o n s te e ls lia s b een c o m ­
p le te d a n d th e r e s u lt s a re b e in g c o lle c t e d f o r p u b lic a tio n .
S ix

research

s ta tio n e d

a t th e

a s s o c ia te s
B ureau

and

a s s is ta n ts

d u r in g

th e

year

in

m e ta llu r g y

and

have

have

done

been

v a lu a b le

w o r k fo r th e in d u s tr ie s a n d o r g a n iz a t io n s w h ic h th e y r e p r e s e n t, th e
r e s u lts

of

th e ir

in v e s tig a tio n s

a n d v a lu a b le to th e B u r e a u .

b e in g ,

of

c o u r se , e q u a lly

T h is w o r k h a s in c lu d e d

a v a ila b le

th e q u a n tita ­

94

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

t iv e d e t e r m in a tio n o f th e a m o u n t o f ir o n in b r a s s , a s t u d y o f t h e
S h e r a r d iz in g p r o c e ss, r e se a r c h e s in m o n e l m e ta l, a s tu d y o f n ic k e l,
an in v e s t ig a t io n o f d e o x id iz e r s a n d s la g s , a n d a s t u d y o f r ed s h o r t ­
n e s s o f iro n .
C ER A M IC S.

T h e c e r a m ic in d u s t r ie s a r e o f b a sic im p o r ta n c e to th e c o u n t r y , a n d
in s p it e o f th e f a c t t h a t m a n y o f th e m a re l o n g e s ta b lis h e d t h e y h a v e
r e c e iv e d c o m p a r a t iv e ly l it t l e e x p e r t s c ie n tif ic a t te n t io n .
T h e in ­
v e s t ig a t io n s o f th e B u r e a u a re t h e r e f o r e o f m o re th a n o r d in a r y im ­
p o r ta n c e , a n d h a v e b een g l a d ly r e c e iv e d b y th e in d u s t r y i n g e n e r a l.
D u r in g th e p a s t y e a r th e in v e s t ig a t io n o f “ fish s c a lin g ” o f m e t a l
e n a m e ls h a s b ee n c o n tin u e d , a n d it h a s b e e n f o u n d t h a t t h is tr o u b le
is d u e to a d iffe r e n c e in t h e c oe ffic ien t o f e x p a n s io n o f t h e e n a m e l
a n d th e m e t a l o n w h ic h i t is p la c e d . W e t p r o c e sse s o f e n a m e lin g
s m a ll a r tic le s , su c h a s s to v e f it t in g s , h a v e b e e n s tu d ie d , a n d i t is b e ­
lie v e d t h a t t h is w o r k w i l l s u g g e s t m e a n s f o r im p r o v in g th e p r o c e ss.
S o m e w o r k h a s b e e n c a r r ie d o u t o n w h it e e n a m e ls f o r c o p p e r , w h ic h
w ill fo r m th e b a s is f o r a p a p e r o n t h is s u b je c t. T h e s t u d y o f th e
r e la t io n o f th e c o m p o s it io n o f e n a m e ls t o s o lu b ilit y in a c id s h a s
boon c o m p le te d , a n d an in v e s t ig a t io n i s in p r o g r e ss o n th e r e p la c e ­
m e n t o f t in o x id e in e n a m e ls f o r s h e e t ste e l.
A s t u d y h a s b e e n c o m p le te d o n h ig h -fir e p o r c e la in g la z e s , w h ic h
a r e im p o r t a n t f o r m a k in g c h e m ic a l p o r c e la in w a r e , s p a r k p lu g s , a n d
p y r o m e t e r tu b e s. T h e c r a z in g o f p o t te r y h a s b e e n in v e s t ig a t e d , a n d
it h a s b e e n s h o w n th a t p r o b a b le v a r ia t io n s o c c u r r in g fr o m t im e t o
t im e in th e s ilic a c o n te n t o f th e c la y s u s e d a re su ffic ie n t to a c c o u n t f o r
th e o c c a sio n a l r e c u r r e n c e s o f c r a z in g . A p a p e r is in c o u r se o f p r e p ­
a r a tio n o n th e s o lu b ilit y o f f e ld s p a r f r i t s , a n d a n im p o r t a n t i n ­
v e s t ig a t io n is n e a r in g c o m p le t io n o n t h e p r o p e r tie s o f d o m e st ic b a ll
c la y s a s c o m p a r e d w it h th o s e o f E n g li s h o r ig in . T h is w o r k w i l l
e n a b le A m e r ic a n m a n u f a c t u r e r s to t e ll w it h g r e a te r c e r t a in t y w h a t
r e s u lt s are to b e e x p e c te d fr o m d o m e st ic c la y s .
I n c o o p e r a tio n w it h th e N a t io n a l T e r r a C o tta S o c ie t y p r o g r e ss
h a s b e e n m a d e o n p r o b le m s r e la t in g to t h e u se o f a r c h it e c tu r a l te r r a
c o tta .
T h e tr a n sv e r s e s t r e n g t h o f fir e c la y u n d e r s e v e r e c o n d itio n s o f
t e m p e r a tu r e a n d lo a d h a s b e e n t h o r o u g h ly in v e s t ig a t e d , a n d it h a s
b e e n s h o w n t h a t a b o v e 1 ,3 0 0° C . t h e tr a n sv e r s e s t r e n g t h is a n e g lig ib le
q u a n t it y fr o m th e s t a n d p o in t o f d e s ig n . A m e r ic a n b o n d c la y s f o r
g la s s p o ts h a v e b ee n in v e s t ig a t e d in c o m p a r is o n w it h th e G r o ss
A lm e r o d e c la y , a n d i t h a s b e e n s h o w n t h a t e a c h k in d p o s s e ss e s c e r ­
t a in a d v a n t a g e s f o r t h is p u r p o se . D if fe r e n t c o m b in a tio n s o f c la y s
a n d “ g r o g s ” h a v e r e c e iv e d a t te n t io n , a s w e ll a s s p e c ia l m a te r ia l f o r
r e fr a c to r y tu b e s.

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S t e a d y p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e in c o n n e c tio n w it h o p t ic a l g la ss .
A b o u t 3 0 ,0 0 0 p o u n d s o f e x p e r im e n ta l m e lt s h a v e b ee n m a d e , in c lu d ­
in g s e v e r a l d iff e r e n t k in d s o f g la s s . I m p r o v e m e n ts h a v e b e e n m a d e
in t h e m e th o d s o f m o ld in g a n d a n n e a lin g th e le n s b la n k s , p r ism s , e tc .
M o r e t h a n 1 ,50 0 p o u n d s o f o p t ic a l g la s s in t h e fo r m o f le n se s a n d
p r ism s h a v e b e e n d e liv e r e d to th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t d u r in g th e y e a r .
T h is h a s in c lu d e d t h e p r o d u c tio n o f le n s d is k s 15 in c h e s in d ia m e te r .
A n in v e s t ig a t io n h a s b e e n m a d e o f th e m a n u f a c t u r e o f c o lo r e d g la s s
f o r s p e c ia l u s e s in o p t ic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d so m e p r o m is in g r e su lts
h a v e b e en o b ta in e d .
S p e c ific a tio n s a re in c o u r s e o f p r e p a r a tio n c o v e r in g o th e r k in d s o f
g la s s a r tic le s , s u c h a s ta b le w a r e a n d s h e e t g la s s , a n d in t h is w o r k
th e B u r e a u is r e c e iv in g th e c o o p e r a tio n o f o th e r G o v e r n m e n t d e p a r t ­
m e n ts a n d t h e in d u s tr ie s .

A p p e n d ix

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F IS H E R Y

IN D U S T R IE S .

T h e A m e r ic a n fis h e r y in d u s t r ie s h a v e b e e n c o n f r o n te d w it h o n e o f
th e m o s t s e r io u s s it u a t io n s in th e ir h is to r y . A p o s t -w a r d e c lin e in
c o n s u m p tio n o f fish a t h o m e a n d a b r o a d , f o l l o w i n g a w a r - tim e e x ­
p a n s io n o f o p e r a tio n s , n e c e s s ita te d a h e a v y c u r ta ilm e n t in p r o d u c t io n
a n d a m a r k e d r e d u c tio n in p r o d u c e r s ’ p r ic e s , w h ile t h e c o s ts o f la b o r ,
m a te r ia ls , a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e s t i l l a d v a n c in g . R e tr e n c h m e n t
h a s b e e n p a r t ic u la r ly n o t e w o r th y in th e s a lm o n a n d s a r d in e in d u s ­
t r ie s a n d in th e N e w E n g la n d b a n k fis h e r ie s. A p p e a ls to t h e D e ­
p a r tm e n t f o r a s s is t a n c e in o v e r c o m in g a d v e r s e c o n d itio n s , in e ff e c t­
i n g e c o n o m ie s o f o p e r a tio n , a n d in im p r o v in g m e t h o d s o f c a p tu r e ,
m e r c h a n d is in g , a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n h a v e e x c e e d e d a ll p r e v io u s d e ­
m a n d s.
T h e h e l p f u l e ffo r ts o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t in t h is fie ld h a v e in c lu d e d
a id in in c r e a s in g th e c o n s u m p tio n o f s t a p le fis h e r y p r o d u c t s o f w h ic h
t h e r e w a s a n o v e r s u p p ly , s u c h a s f r e s h h a d d o c k , c a n n e d p in k a n d
c h u m s a lm o n s , a n d v a r io u s k in d s o f fr o z e n f i s h ; in it i a t i o n o f a s e r ie s
o f s u r v e y s o f c e r ta in p r im a r y m a r k e ts , t o s u p p ly d a t a f o r t h e g u i d ­
a n c e a n d u se o f th e tr a d e in e x t e n d in g t h e d e m a n d f o r f is h ; a id to
p r o d u c e r s in p r o m p t ly o b t a in in g a n d t r a n s p o r t in g m a te r ia ls , su c h
a s s a lt a n d b a r r e ls , r e q u ir e d f o r im m e d ia te u se w h e n fish a r e r u n n i n g ;
p r a c tic a l a d v ic e f o r in c r e a s in g t h e u t il i z a t io n o f b y - p r o d u c t s o f th e
fis h e r ie s , e s p e c ia lly m e a l, f e r t iliz e r , o i l, le a t h e r , fish s c a le s , a n d s h a r k
fin s ; d e m o n s tr a tio n o f n e w m e t h o d s a n d t h e d is s e m in a tio n o f i n f o r ­
m a tio n lo o k in g to im p r o v e m e n t in m e th o d s o f t h e fish e r ie s , i n c lu d in g
p r e s e r v a t io n o f fish n e ts, a n d t h e s a lt i n g , p r e c o o lin g , a n d f r e e z in g o f
fish in b r i n e ; r e c o m m e n d a tio n s f o r im p r o v e m e n t in t h e m e th o d s o f
h a n d lin g fr e s h fish o n v e s s e ls , a t d o c k s , a n d i n t r a n s it to se c u r e
b e tte r q u a lit y a n d p r e v e n t w a s t e ; a n d t h e e ff e c tu a tio n o f e x te n d e d
t r ia ls o f se a p la n e s a s a d j u n c t s o f t h e fish e r ie s , f u l l y d e m o n s tr a t in g
th e u t i l i t y o f a ir c r a f t in l o c a t i n g s c h o o ls o f fish .
A d v a n c e m e n t in so m e p h a s e s o f th e f is h in g in d u s t r y h a s b ee n
s lo w e r th a n in o th e r c o m p a r a b le in d u s t r ie s , a n d a n o t e w o r th y p a r t
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o f th e p r o d u c t o f th e fis h e r m e n ’s la b o r s is w a s te d t h r o u g h f a u lt y
m e th o d s. T h e a n n u a l lo s s e s r e p r e s e n t m illio n s o f d o lla r s t o th e
b u s in e s s a n d m illio n s o f p o u n d s o f f o o d a n d m a te r ia ls r e q u ir ed in
th e a r ts an d in d u s t r ie s . T h e o p p o r t u n it y t h a t is t h u s p r e s e n te d to
th e D e p a r t m e n t to s e r v e th e g e n e r a l p u b lic t h r o u g h a id to o n e o f th e
c o u n t r y ’s b a s ic in d u s t r ie s s h o u ld be f u l l y a v a ile d o f , a n d s h o u ld
r e c e iv e s u b s t a n t ia l r e c o g n it io n fr o m C o n g r e ss . U p to th e p r e s e n t
t im e in a d e q u a te p r o v is io n h a s b een m a d e b y th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n ­
m e n t f o r r e n d e r in g to th e fis h e r ie s th e t e c h n ic a l a s s is ta n c e t h a t th e
in d u s t r y h a s r e a so n to e x p e c t a n d a s a w h o le c a n o b ta in th r o u g h n o
o th e r a g e n c y . T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s in c r e a se d it s f a c i l it ie s a n d th e
v o lu m e o f i t s a c t iv it ie s fo r s e r v in g th e v a r io u s b r a n c h e s o f th e
fish e r ie s, a n d h a s in s t it u t e d a n u m b e r o f in v e s t ig a t io n s t h a t sh o u ld
so o n y i e l d h e lp f u l r e s u lt s , b u t th e fie ld is la r g e a n d th e r e is n e e d
f o r e n e r g e t ic a n d a u g m e n te d s e r v ic e t h a t c a n n o t b e p e r fo r m e d w i t h ­
o u t a d d it io n a l c o n g r e s s io n a l a p p r o p r ia tio n s . A s an e x a m p le o f th e
p r a c tic a l V alue o f th e e ffo r ts r e c e n tly p u t f o r t h in b e h a lf o f th e
in d u s t r y , r e fe r e n c e m a y be m a d e to th e f a c t t h a t th e w o r k d o n e b y
th e B u r e a u d e m o n s t r a t in g a n im p r o v e d m e th o d o f u t il i z i n g t h e
m e n h a d e n a d d e d m o r e th a n $ 1 00 ,0 0 0 to th e v a lu e o f t h e fish p r o d u c ts
o f a s in g le c o m m u n ity o n C h e sa p e a k e B a y in a s in g le s e a so n — a
su m fiv e t im e s a s la r g e a s t h e a p p r o p r ia tio n a v a ila b le f o r t h is b r a n c h
o f th e s e r v ic e .
T h e p o s s ib ilit y o f a d a p t in g f o r e ig n m e t h o d s o f f r e e z in g fish in
b r in e to t h e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f th e in d u s t r y in th e U n it e d S t a t e s is
a t t r a c t in g u n u s u a l a t te n t io n t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n t r y , a n d w o rk
n o w in p r o g r e s s g i v e s p r o m is e o f e ff e c tin g im p o r t a n t im p r o v e m e n ts
in p r a c tic e . T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s b e en a p io n e e r in d is s e m in a t in g
in f o r m a t io n c o n c e r n in g th e p r o c e ss e s a n d p r in c ip le s in v o lv e d . I t
im p o r te d a n d in s t a lle d th e fir st b r in e - f r e e z in g p la n t in th e U n it e d
S t a t e s , a n d h a s u s e d i t to d e m o n s tr a te th e m e t h o d to p e r so n s in th e
fis h e r y in d u s t r y a s w e ll a s to F e d e r a l o ffic ia ls in te r e ste d in f r e e z in g
f r u it s , v e g e ta b le s , p o u lt r y , a n d m e a ts. T h e r e h a s b ee n p r o v id e d
e q u ip m e n t f o r te c h n o lo g ic a l in v e s t ig a t io n s to d e v e lo p in fo r m a tio n
w h ich th e in d u s t r y n o w la c k s a n d w h ic h w ill b e o f v a lu e in a d a p t in g
b r in e f r e e z in g to th e n e e d s o f th e A m e r ic a n fish e r ie s.
I t is p la n n e d to e x te n d th e s e r ie s o f fis h -m a r k e t s u r v e y s to a t le a s t
10 im p o r t a n t c e n te r s ; to in c r e a s e th e s e r v ic e f o r b e t te r in g th e
m e th o d s o f h a n d lin g , d is t r ib u t in g , a n d m a r k e t in g fis h e r y p r o d u c t s ;
to c o m p le te c e r ta in t e c h n o lo g ic a l in v e s t ig a t io n s in th e c a n n in g o f
w e s t c o a s t fis h e r y p r o d u c t s ; to in c lu d e in th e s t a t is t ic a l p r o g r a m a
c a n v a s s o f th e fis h - c a n n in g a n d f is h - f e r t iliz e r in d u s t r ie s o f th e
A t la n t ic s e a b o a r d , a n d to c o n t in u e th e p u b lic it y a n d d e m o n s tr a tio n
w o r k to in c r e a se th e u se o f fish a n d fis h e r y b y -p r o d u c ts.
7 60 6 0— 2 1 ------7

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
A LASKA F IS H E R IE S .

T h e s a lm o n fis h e r ie s o f A la s k a so f a r o u tr a n k a ll o th e r b r a n c h e s o f
th e f is h in g in d u s t r y o f th e T e r r it o r y t h a t in th e d is c h a r g e o f th e
r e g u la t o r y f u n c tio n s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t a t te n t io n is c h ie f ly d e v o te d
to th e p r o te c tio n o f th e s a lm o n s . D u r i n g th e a c t iv e f is h in g s e a so n o f
1920 th e r e g u la r s ta ff o f w a r d e n s a n d a g e n t s w a s s u p p le m e n t e d b y
a c o r p s o f t e m p o r a r y e m p lo y e e s , i n c lu d in g o n e p e r s o n d e t a ile d f o r
th e p u r p o s e b y t h e g o v e r n o r o f A la s k a . F o r t h e se a so n o f 1921 th e
p a t r o lin g f o r c e w a s f u r t h e r a u g m e n te d a n d w a s m o r e e fficien t th a n
e v e r b e f o r e , b u t a f u r th e r s u b s t a n t ia l in c r e a se in t h is p e r s o n n e l is
n e c e ss a r y to p r e v e n t i lle g a l o p e r a tio n s .
T h e A la s k a fis h e r ie s a s a w h o le in 1920 s h o w e d a f a l l i n g o ff in b o th
q u a n t it y a n d v a lu e o f p r o d u c t, a lth o u g h t h e r e w a s a n in c r e a s e d y ie ld
o f h e r r in g , c o d , a n d h a lib u t a s c o m p a r e d w it h 1919. T h e p r in c ip a l
f a c t o r in th e d e c lin e w a s th e r e d u c e d o u t p u t o f c a n n e d s a lm o n in
s o u th e a s t A la s k a . S t a t i s t i c s c o lle c te d a n d c o m p ile d b y th e D e p a r t ­
m e n t s h o w t h a t in 1 9 2 0 ,2 7 ,4 8 2 p e r so n s w e r e e m p lo y e d in th e fish e r ie s ,
t h e c a p it a l in v e s t e d w a s $ 7 0 ,9 8 6 ,0 0 0 , a n d t h e v a lu e o f th e p r o d u c ts
w a s $ 4 1 ,4 9 2 ,0 0 0 . T h e o u t p u t o f c a n n e d s a lm o n w a s 4 ,4 2 9 ,4 6 3 c a se s
o f f o r t y - e i g h t 1 - p o u n d c a n s , v a lu e d at $ 3 5 ,6 0 2 ,8 0 0 , a d e c r e a s e o f 3 p e r
c e n t in q u a n t it y a n d 17 p e r c e n t in v a lu e a s c o m p a r e d w it h th e
p r e v io u s y e a r . T h e c o u n t r y ’s g e n e r a l in d u s t r ia l s it u a t io n s e r io u s ly
a ffe c te d th e A la s k a s a lm o n in d u s t r y in 1921. O n ly a b o u t o n e - h a lf
o f th e c a n n e r ie s w a s o p e r a te d , f is h in g f e l l o ff in c o n se q u e n c e , a n d t h e
a t te n t io n o f fish e r m e n a n d c a n n e r s w a s d ir e c te d m o s t ly to th e h ig h e r p r ic e d k in d s o f s a lm o n . T h is d e c lin e in b u s in e ss d u e to m a r k e t c o n ­
d it io n s w a s in p a r t c o m p e n sa te d f o r b y a n u n u s u a lly la r g e e s c a p e ­
m e n t o f s a lm o n to th e s p a w n in g g r o u n d s , t h e r e s u lt s o f w h ic h s h o u ld
b e see n in in c r e a s e d r u n s t w o t o fiv e y e a r s h en c e.
I n O c to b e r a n d N o v e m b e r , 1 9 2 0 , fiv e h e a r in g s w e r e h e ld to c o n ­
s id e r th e n e c e s s ity f o r im p o s in g a d d it io n a l r e s t r ic t io n s o n th e t a k in g
o f s a lm o n in A la s k a n w a t e r s , a n d a s a r e s u lt t h e D e p a r t m e n t iss u e d
o r d e r s e ff e c tiv e J a n u a r y 1, 1 9 2 1 , c lo s in g c e r ta in r iv e r s to c o m m e r c ia l
f is h in g , so a s to in s u r e a n a d e q u a te e s c a p e m e n t o f s a lm o n to th e
s p a w n in g g r o u n d s a n d r e s t r ic t th e fis h in g in th e r iv e r s to th e n o n ­
c o m m e r c ia l n e e d s o f n a t iv e a n d w h it e r e sid e n ts . O u t o f c o n s id e r a ­
t io n f o r c o m p a n ie s h a v i n g in v e s t m e n ts in lo c a l f is h in g p r o p e r tie s th e
n e w r e g u la t io n s f o r th e Y u k o n , K u s k o k w im , a n d C o p p e r R iv e r s c o n ­
t a in e d e x c e p tio n s w h e r e b y c o m m e r c ia l fis h in g w a s p e r m it te d to c o n ­
tin u e u n t il S e p te m b e r 1, 1921. F u r t h e r h e a r in g s in t h e f a l l o f 1921
a re e x p e c te d to d e v e lo p in f o r m a t io n s h o w in g t h e d e s ir a b ilit y o f
p la c in g a d d it io n a l r e s t r ic t io n s o n s a lm o n f is h in g i n th e w a te r s o f
n o r th e r n a n d w e ste r n A la s k a a n d o f e x t e n d in g th e c lo s e d z o n e s o ff
th e m o u th s o f str e a m s in s o u th e a st e r n A la s k a .

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N e e d f o r r e v is io n o f th e A la s k a fis h e r y l a w s is a p p a r e n t to e v e r y ­
o n e w h o h a s g iv e n th e m a tt e r c o n s id e r a tio n , a n d d u r in g th e e x is t in g
p e r io d o f r e d u c e d o p e r a tio n s n e w r e g u la t o r y m e a s u r e s c a n b e a p p lie d
w it h th e m in im u m e ffe c t o n th e in d u s t r y . T h e s u b je c t s h o u ld r e ­
c e iv e th e p r o m p t c o n s id e r a t io n o f C o n g r e ss . T h e D e p a r t m e n t is n o t
c o n c e r n e d o v e r th e m in o r d e t a ils o f l e g is la t io n , o n w h ic h m u c h d is ­
c u s s io n h a s h e r e to f o r e b e e n e x p e n d e d , a n d w i l l w e lc o m e a n y la w t h a t
ta k e s c o g n iz a n c e o f th e c o n d itio n o f t h e A la s k a s a lm o n s u p p ly a n d
m a k e s p r o v is io n f o r t h e p e r p e tu a tio n o f t h a t s u p p ly t h r o u g h p r o p e r
r e g u la t io n . U n t i l a n e w g e n e r a l fish la w m a y b e e n a c te d , sp e c ia l
m e a s u r e s m a y b e n e c e ss a r y to m e e t p a r t ic u la r s it u a t io n s . I n t h is
c la s s is a b ill n o w on th e c a le n d a r o f th e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n ta t iv e s
e x t e n d in g f o r a d is ta n c e o f 3 m ile s th e j u r is d ic t io n o f th e D e p a r t m e n t
o ff th e m o u th s o f s a lm o n s tr e a m s in A la s k a , in o r d e r t h a t th e a c t iv it y
o f f is h in g o p e r a tio n s in s u c h a r e a s m a y n o t im p e r il th e f u t u r e r u n s
t h r o u g h th e c a p tu r e o f to o la r g e a p e r c e n ta g e o f th e s p a w n in g fish .
T h e j u r is d ic t io n o f th e D e p a r t m e n t u n d e r e x is t in g la w e x te n d s o n ly
500 y a r d s fr o m th e m o u th o f s a lm o n s tr e a m s— a n a u t h o r it y t h a t is
q u ite in a d e q u a te to m e e t c o n d it io n s t h a t h a v e b e e n a r is in g i n th e
c o u r se o f th e e x tr a o r d in a r y d e v e lo p m e n t t h a t th e s a lm o n in d u s t r y
h a s u n d e r g o n e . T h e b ill h a s r e c e iv e d th e a p p r o v a l o f t h e D e p a r t ­
m e n t a n d it s e a r ly p a s s a g e is u r g e d .
ALASKA FU R -SE A L

S E R V IC E .

T h e e x c e e d in g ly v a lu a b le h e r d o f f u r s e a ls r e s o r tin g to th e P r i b i l o f
I s la n d s h a s c o n tin u e d to in c r e a se in r e sp o n s e to th e p r o te c tio n a f ­
fo r d e d b y th e d is c o n tin u a n c e o f p e la g ic s e a lin g , a n d th e u t iliz a t io n o f
th e s u r p lu s m a le s e a ls k ille d u n d e r G o v e r n m e n t s u p e r v is io n is a
p r o fita b le b u sin e s s. N e w m e th o d s o f t a k in g a n d c u r in g s e a ls k in s
h a v e b ee n u n d e r ta k e n o n a n e x te n s iv e sc a le , a n d im p r o v e m e n t in th e
q u a lit y o f th e f u r h a s r e su lte d .
S e a ls k in s s e c u r e d in 1920 n u m b e r e d 2 6 ,0 4 8 , p r a c t ic a lly a ll fr o m
a n im a ls t h r e e o r f o u r y e a r s o ld . T h e n u m b e r ta k e n in 1921 t h r o u g h
th e r e g u la r k i l l i n g s e a so n t h a t e n d e d o n A u g u s t 5 w a s 2 2 ,5 4 6 , c h ie fly
fr o m s e a ls th r e e y e a r s o ld . T h e c e n s u s o f th e se a l h e r d in 1920 i n d i ­
c a te d 5 5 2,7 1 8 s e a ls o f a ll a g e s a s o f A u g u s t 10, o f w h ic h 16 7 ,5 2 7 w er e
b r e e d in g f e m a le s a n d th e sa m e n u m b e r o f n e w b o r n y o u n g . T h e 1921
c e n s u s s h o w e d t h e e x is t e n c e o f 5 8 7 ,8 2 0 s e a ls o f a ll a g e s , o f w h ic h
17 6 ,6 5 5 w e r e b r e e d in g fe m a le s w it h a lik e n u m b e r o f y o u n g . T h e
a g g r e g a t e s tr e n g t h o f th e h e r d a c c o r d in g to th e se fig u r e s d id n o t i n ­
c lu d e th e s e a ls k ille d in e a c h o f th e y e a r s n a m ed .
I n F e b r u a r y , 1 9 2 1 , th e D e p a r t m e n t e n te r e d in t o a c o n t r a c t w ith
th e F o u k e F u r C o ., o f S t . L o u is , f o r h a n d lin g th e A la s k a s e a ls k in s .
T h is is th e o n ly c o m p a n y in t h e U n it e d S t a t e s f u l l y e q u ip p e d for
d r e s s in g a n d d y e in g la r g e n u m b e r s o f s e a ls k in s in a m a n n e r o q u a

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to th e b e st p r a c tic e s o f th e f u r tr a d e , a n d th e D e p a r t m e n t is g la d to
b e a b le to le n d s u p p o r t to t h is n e w ly e s ta b lish e d A m e r ic a n b u sin e ss .
D u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r 1921 tw o p u b lic a u c tio n s a le s o f fin is h e d s e a l ­
s k in s w e r e c o n d u c te d a t S t . L o u is ; 2 0 ,1 8 0 d r e sse d , d y e d , a n d m a c h in e d
s k in s w e re d is p o s e d o f ; th e g r o s s p r o c e e d s o f th e s a le s w e re $ 7 1 5 ,4 0 4 ,
a n d th e n e t p r o c e e d s $ 3 4 2 ,7 0 1 .2 9 . T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s d e p o s ite d in
th e U n it e d S t a t e s T r e a s u r y th e su m o f $ 9 9 ,9 8 3 .5 4 , r e p r e s e n t in g t h e
n et p r o c e e d s o f th e s a le o f s e a ls k in s d u r in g 1 9 2 1 , a n d in a d d it io n
th e r e to h a s p a id to th e G o v e r n m e n ts o f G r e a t B r i t a i n a n d J a p a n th e
su m o f $ 3 1 ,8 2 5 .3 5 e a c h , r e p r e s e n t in g th e ir sh a r e s u n d e r th e s e a lin g
c o n v e n t io n o f J u l y 7, 1911.
A n o th e r v a lu a b le n a t u r a l r e so u r c e o f th e P r i b i l o f I s la n d s is a
h e r d o f b lu e f o x e s , w h ic h a r e p r a c t ic a lly d e p e n d e n t f o r f o o d on th e
c a r c a sse s o f s e a ls k ille d f o r t h e ir p e lts . U n d e r th e c a r e f u l h a n d lin g
t h is h e r d is n o w r e c e iv in g , th e n u m b e r o f a n im a ls h a s s t e a d ily i n ­
c r e a se d a n d th e y i e l d o f s k in s h a s b e c o m e la r g e r th a n e v e r b e fo r e
u n d e r G o v e r n m e n t a u s p ic e s . T h e f o x p e lt s ta k e n d u r in g th e w in t e r
o f 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 . n u m b e r in g 901 b lu e s a n d 37 w h it e s , w e r e so ld a t p u b lic
a u c tio n in S t . L o u is in F e b r u a r y , 1921, f o r $ 8 0 ,6 9 9 . D u r in g th e w i n ­
te r o f 1 9 2 0 -2 1 , a f t e r a n a m p le b r e e d in g r e se r v e h a d b e e n r e le a s e d ,
th e D e p a r t m e n t ’s a g e n t s to o k 1,125 b lu e f o x e s a n d 14 w h it e f o x e s
w h o se s k in s w i l l be so ld in d u e c o u r se.
T h e 325 n a t iv e in h a b it a n t s o f th e P r i b i l o f I s la n d s a re G o v e r n m e n t
w a r d s a n d d e p e n d e n t f o r th e ir v e r y e x is t e n c e o n th e f o o d , s h e lt e r ,
f u e l, a n d c lo t h in g p r o v id e d f o r th e m b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t . T h e y a r e
lik e w is e f u r n is h e d m e d ic a l s e r v ic e a n d s c h o o l f a c i l i t i e s ; a n d in g e n ­
e r a l e x h ib it s a t is f a c t o r y m e n ta l, p h y s ic a l, a n d m a te r ia l p r o g r e ss.
T h e y h a v e c r e d it a b ly p e r fo r m e d th e w o r k r e q u ir e d o f th e m in c o n ­
n e c tio n w it h s e a lin g , f o x in g , a n d o th e r o p e r a tio n s , a n d are g iv e n
e v e r y o p p o r t u n it y to b e c o m e s e lf - r e li a n t a n d s e lf - s u p p o r t in g t o th e
f u l l e x t e n t p e r m itte d b y t h e ir e n v ir o n m e n t.
I n t r a n s p o r t in g th e
a n n u a l s u p p lie s r e q u ir e d o n t h e P r i b i l o f I s la n d s f o r th e m a in te n a n c e
o f th e n a t iv e s a n d th e G o v e r n m e n t o ffic ia ls a n d t h e ir f a m i li e s a n d
f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o f th e se a l a n d f o x h e r d s , th e D e p a r t m e n t h a s
h a d th e in v a lu a b le a s s is ta n c e o f th e N a v y D e p a r tm e n t. T h e r a d io
te n d e r Saturn m a d e tw o t r ip s to th e is la n d s w it h f r e i g h t a n d p a s s e n ­
g e r s, a n d a lso c a r r ie d to S e a t t le th e s e a so n ’s ta k e o f s e a l a n d f o x
sk in s . V e s s e ls o f th e C o a s t G u a r d lik e w is e r e n d e r e d u s e f u l s e r v ic e
in t r a n s p o r t in g s u p p lie s .
I n v ie w o f m u tu a l in te r n a t io n a l p e c u n ia r y in te r e s ts in th e v a r io u s
sea l h e r d s o f th e N o r t h P a c if ic O c e a n a n d B e r in g S e a , u n d e r th e
te r m s o f th e c o n v e n tio n s ig n e d a t W a s h in g t o n o n J u l y 7. 1911, an
in s p e c tio n o f th e A la s k a n , J a p a n e s e , a n d B u s s ia n se a l r o o k e r ie s b y a
px-operly c o n s tit u te d in te r n a t io n a l c o m m iss io n w o u ld be d e s ir a b le , to
a s c e r ta in th e p r e s e n t c o n d itio n s a n d to p la c e th e r e s p e c tiv e G o v e r n ­

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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m e n ts in p o ss e ssio n o f in f o r m a t io n o n w h ic h to b a se f u t u r e a c tio n
f o r th e p r e s e r v a t io n o f th e f u r se a ls.
B IO L O G IC A L

IN Q U IR IE S

AND

E X P E R IM E N T S.

N o t h in g c a n be o f m o re im p o r ta n c e t o th e w e lf a r e o f th e fis h e r y
in d u s t r ie s th a n th e m a in t e n a n c e o f a n a d e q u a te s u p p ly o f fish in
p u b lic w a te r s, b u t th e c o r re c t d e t e r m in a tio n o f m e a s u r e s to p e r ­
p e tu a te a n d in c r e a se fis h e r y r e so u r c e s m u s t be b a s e d o n k n o w le d g e
o f th e e s s e n t ia l f a c t s a s r e v e a le d b y th e a p p lic a t io n o f s c ie n c e to fis h ­
e r y p r o b le m s. T h is is th e p r im a r y field o f th e s c ie n tif ic in q u ir ie s
c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u .
T h e w e ll- k n o w n d e c lin e o f so m e o f th e m o st v a lu a b le fis h e r ie s sh o u ld
b e a n e ff e c tiv e w a r n in g t h a t in th e p a s t p r o p e r c o n s id e r a t io n h a s n o t
b e en g iv e n to th e v ita l m a tt e r o f c o n s e r v a tio n , a n d s h o u ld e n c o u r a g e
th e m o re d ir e c t a n d e x t e n s iv e a p p lic a t io n o f sc ie n tif ic s t u d ie s in th e
f u tu r e . P a s t m is ta k e s w it h r e g a r d to th e m a in te n a n c e o f a q u a tic
r e so u r c e s h a v e n o t s e r v e d in a n y w a y to s i m p l i f y th e e c o n o m ic p r o b ­
lem o f p r o d u c t io n a n d d is t r ib u t io n b u t r a th e r th e r e v e r se . D iffic u l­
t ie s in m a r k e t in g h a v e a n in t im a t e r e la t io n to th e p r ic e s a t w h ic h
p r o d u c ts a re so ld a s c o m p a r e d w it h c o m p e t in g p r o d u c t s ; th e p r ic e s
o f fish , f o r e x a m p le , a re c o m p a r e d w it h t h e p r ic e s o f m e a t s , a n d t h e
g e n e r a l tr e n d o f p r ic e s m u st be u p w a r d a s th e a v a ila b le s u p p lie s d e ­
c r e a se r e la t iv e ly to th e d e m a n d f o r p r o te in fo o d . Y e t w h ile w e as
a p e o p le h a v e d e v o t e d m u c h e n e r g y a n d t e c h n ic a l s k ill to th e p r o b ­
le m s o f in c r e a s in g p r o d u c t io n o f la n d a n im a ls , w e s t ill m a k e s c a n t
p r o v is io n f o r a c q u ir in g th e k n o w le d g e n e c e ss a r y to c o n s e r v e an d
d e v e lo p o u r f is h e r y r e so u r c e s.
T h e c h i e f l i m i t i n g f a c t o r s o f t h e B u r e a u 's s c ie n tif ic w o r k at th e
p r e s e n t t im e a re n o t o n l y th e s m a ll a p p r o p r ia tio n s a v a ila b le b u t a lso
t h e d iffic u lty in s e c u r in g c o m p e te n t e m p lo y e e s a t th e s a la r ie s offered
a n d in h o ld in g th o s e w h o h a v e a c q u ir e d sp e c ia l t r a in in g a n d s k ill in
th e s e r v ic e ; t h u s , n e a r ly 5 0 p e r c e n t o f th e t e c h n ic a l p o s itio n s h a v e
b e en v a c a n t d u r in g th e g r e a te r p a r t o f th e p a s t fisc a l y e a r .
T h e a c t i v i t i e s u n d e r t h is h e a d m a y b e g e n e r a lly c la s s ifie d a s d e a l­
i n g w it h l i f e h is t o r ie s , h a b it s , a n d p r o p a g a t io n o f fish es, w it h fish c u ltu r a l e x p e r im e n t w o r k , a n d th e d is e a s e s o f fish e s, w it h t h e u s e o f
fish in c o m b a tin g d is e a s e s o f m a n , w it h th e p r o p a g a t io n a n d p r o te c ­
t io n o f s h e llfis h ( p r im a r ily , a t t h e p r e s e n t t im e , o y s te r s a n d f r e s h ­
w a te r m u s s e l s ) , w it h g e n e r a l s u r v e y s a n d a f e w s p e c ia l p r o b le m s,
a n d w it h th e m a in te n a n c e o f la b o r a to r ie s f o r s u c h p u r p o s e s .
T h e P a c ific s a lm o n s h a v e r e c e iv e d s p e c ia l a t t e n t io n on a c c o u n t o f
th e im p o r ta n c e o f t h e in d u s t r ie s w h ic h t h e y s u p p o r t a n d th e d e m o n ­
s tr a t e d n e e d o f m o r e a d e q u a te p r o v is io n f o r t h e p r e s e r v a t io n o f th e
fish e r ie s. I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e d e s tr u c t iv e p r a c tic e s o f t a k in g im m a ­
tu r e s a lm o n in th e se a o ff th e c o a s t o f P a c if ic S t a t e s , m a r k in g e x p e r i­

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m e n ts w it h y o u n g c h in o o k s a lm o n p r o p a g a t e d a n d lib e r a te d in t h e
r iv e r s f o llo w e d u p b y c a p tu r e a n d s tu d } 7 o f m a r k e d fish r e tu r n in g
to s p a w n , a n d s t u d ie s o f r u n s o f s a lm o n in A la s k a n r iv e r s h a v e
y ie ld e d so m e r e s u lt s u s e f u l in g u i d i n g th e w o r k o f p r o p a g a t io n a n d
in f r a m in g m e a s u r e s o f r e g u la t io n . S u b s t a n t ia l c o n t r ib u t io n s h a v e
b e en m a d e to k n o w le d g e o f t h e l i f e h is t o r ie s o f m a r in e fish e s, a n d
f u r th e r p r a c tic a l w o r k o n th e c o m m e r c ia l s p e c ie s o f fish w o u ld h a v e
b e en a c c o m p lis h e d b u t f o r th e lo s s o f th e p e r s o n n e l a s s ig n e d to t h is
w o r k . A n o t h e r m a jo r in v e s t ig a t io n h a s b ee n d ir e c te d to th e w h it e
fish e s a n d r e la te d s p e c ie s o f t h e G r e a t L a k e s , u p o n w h ic h a r e b a se d
t h e m o st im p o r t a n t fis h e r ie s o f th e se w a t e r s. A t t e n t io n h a s b e en
g iv e n , to o , to t h e fish e s o f in te r io r la k e s , v a lu a b le b o th a s a r tic le s o f
fo o d a n d o b je c ts o f s p o r t, a n d to t h e d is a p p e a r in g p a d d le fis h o f th e
M is s is s ip p i b a sin .
T h e f is h -c u lt u r a l e x p e r im e n t w o r k , c e n te r e d p r im a r ily a t th e
fis h e r ie s b io lo g ic a l s t a t io n a t F a ir p o r t , I o w a , h a s t h e o b je c t o f
e s t a b lis h in g a b e tte r s c ie n t if ic b a s is f o r fish c u ltu r e e it h e r a s a p u b lic
u n d e r t a k in g i n p u b lic w a t e r s or a s a p r iv a t e e n t e r p r is e in p r i ­
v a t e ly c o n tr o lle d w a te r s , s u c h a s p o n d s a n d s tr e a m s o n fa r m s . I n
p u r p o s e it is d ir e c t ly c o m p a r a b le to a g r ic u lt u r a l e x p e r im e n t w o r k ,
a lth o u g h fis h -c u ltu r a l s c ie n c e , a s c o m p a r e d w it h a g r ic u lt u r a l sc ie n c e ,
is a s y e t in a n e a r ly s t a g e o f d e v e lo p m e n t a n d v e r y lim it e d in e x te n t.
T h e w o r k c o n d u c te d h a s b ee n c o n c e r n e d w it h v a lu e d f o o d fish e s,
su c h a s t r o u t, c a tf ish , b u ffa lo fis h , a n d b r e a m , a s w e ll a s w it h th e f o o d
s u p p ly o f fish e s a n d o th e r c o n d it io n s o f t h e s u c c e s s f u l p r a c tic e o f
fish c u ltu r e . I n p r o p o r t io n to th e f a c i l it ie s a n d p e r s o n n e l a v a ila b le ,
n o t e w o r th y p r o g r e ss h a s b e e n m a d e .
W it h su c h w o r k is c lo s e ly
a s s o c ia te d th e in v e s t ig a t io n o f t h e d is e a s e s o f fish e s, t h e c o n t r o l o f
w h ic h f o r m s n o in s ig n if ic a n t p a r t o f a ll fish c u ltu r e .
I t is n o w a f a m ilia r f a c t t h a t s m a ll fish in in c lo s e d w a te r s p la y
so m e p a r t in th e m a in te n a n c e o f h e a lt h f u l c o n d itio n s , w h e r e v e r m a ­
la r ia - b e a r in g m o s q u ito e s o c cu r . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s c o n d u c te d b y t h e B u ­
r ea u h a v e n o t o n ly d e te r m in e d t h e c o n d itio n s o f t h e c o n t r o l o f m o s ­
q u ito e s b y fish b u t a lso h a v e r e v e a le d g r e a t p o s s ib ilit ie s o f e x te n s io n
o f t h e u s e o f fish f o r t h is p u r p o s e , w it h c o n s e q u e n t p r o m o tio n o f
e c o n o m y a n d e fficien c y t h r o u g h im p r o v e m e n t o f c o m m u n ity h e a lth .
T h e p r a c tic a l s e r v ic e r e n d e r e d d u r in g th e y e a r to t h e U n it e d S t a te s
P u b lic H e a lt h S e r v ic e a n d to S t a t e a n d lo c a l h e a lth o ffic ia ls h a s
b r o u g h t g r a t i f y i n g e v id e n c e s o f a p p r e c ia t io n a n d su c h c o n v in c in g
s ta t e m e n t s o f e c o n o m ie s e ffe c te d t h r o u g h a d v ic e g iv e n a s a b u n d a n t ly
to j u s t i f y th e te m p o r a r y d e t a il o f a n a s s is t a n t in t h is p r a c tic a l s e r v ­
ic e . T h e B u r e a u h a s n o t , h o w e v e r , r e ste d w it h g i v i n g a d v ic e b a se d
u p o n p r e v io u s in v e s t ig a t io n s , b u t h a s c o n tin u e d th e e x p e r im e n ta l
a n d o b s e r v a tio n a l w o r k n e c e ss a r y to e ffe c t f u r t h e r im p r o v e m e n ts in
m e t h o d s o f a p p lic a t io n o f fish c o n t r o l f o r e lim in a t io n o f m o s q u ito e s.

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I n th e field o f g e n e r a l s u r v e y s s p e c ia l a t te n t io n h a s b e e n d e v o t e d
r e c e n tly to th e G u lf o f M a in e , t h e C h e sa p e a k e B a y , th e M is s is s ip p i
R iv e r , a n d c e r ta in in la n d la k e s. T h e p o r t io n o f t h e n o r th A t la n t ic
te r m e d th e G u lf o f M a in e , w h ic h in c lu d e s so m e o f t h e g r e a t fis h in g
b a n k s, is o n e o f t h e c o u n t r y ’s m o s t im p o r t a n t s o u r c e s o f fish fo o d
s u p p ly , a n d th e in v e s t ig a t io n s u n d e r w a y a r e in te n d e d to r e m o v e
m u c h o f th e c lo u d o f o b s c u r it y v e il in g t h e d is tr ib u t io n , l i f e h is to r ie s ,
a n d c o n d itio n s o f l i f e o f o u r m o s t v a lu a b le c o m m e r c ia l fish e s. S u c h
k n o w le d g e is n e c e ss a r y to in f o r m u s t o w h a t e x t e n t w e c an t a p th e
r e so u r c e s o f th e se a w it h o u t ir r e p a r a b le lo s s , a n d m a y p e r h a p s fo r m
t h e b a s is o f p r e d ic a t io n s o f t h e y e a r ly a n d s e a so n a l a b u n d a n c e o f
p a r t ic u la r fish e s. C h e s a p e a k e B a y is t h e la r g e s t a r m o f th e se a e n ­
t ir e ly w it h in o u r b o u n d a r ie s a n d th e sc e n e o f im p o r t a n t fis h e r ie s, n o t
o n ly f o r fis h e s b u t f o r o y s te r s , b lu e c r a b s, a n d o th e r s h e llf is h . A v e r y
p r a c tic a l p u r p o s e is , t h e r e f o r e , se r v e d in a c q u ir in g t h e in f o r m a t io n
n e c e ss a r y f o r in te r p r e ta t io n o f th e s e a s o n a l a n d ir r e g u la r m o v e m e n ts
o f fish e s in th e b a y a n d f o r th e s o lu t io n o f p r a c tic a l p r o b le m s t h a t
a r ise fr o m t im e to t im e r e g a r d in g fish a n d s h e llf is h . S p e c ia l a t t e n ­
t io n is b e in g g iv e n to a s tu d y o f th e d is tr ib u t io n a n d m o v e m e n ts o f
fish in th e b a y a n d t r ib u t a r y w a te r s.
A r e s u lt o f p a r t ic u la r n o te h a s a c c r u e d f r o m th e in v e s t ig a t io n o f
n a t iv e se a w e e d s a s m a te r ia l f o r th e m a n u f a c t u r e o f g e la t in e s u s e fu l
in c o m m er ce . O n e o f t h e m o st v a lu a b le o f g e la t in e s is th e a g a r -a g a r
f o r w h ic h t h e U n it e d S t a t e s h a s a lw a y s b e e n d e p e n d e n t u p o n o r ie n t a l
s o u r c e s o f s u p p ly . A g a r - a g a r h a s m a n y c o m m e r c ia l u se s, b u t o w e s
i t s im p o r ta n c e p r im a r ily to t h e f a c t t h a t i t is a n in d is p e n s a b le m a ­
t e r ia l in m e d ic a l la b o r a to r ie s a n d h o s p ita ls . A c o n s ta n tly a v a ila b le
s u p p ly m a y b e s a id to b e e s s e n t ia l to n a t io n a l s e c u r ity . T h e in v e s t i ­
g a t io n s c o n d u c te d b y t h e B u r e a u d u r in g t h e p a s t fis c a l y e a r h a v e
s h o w n t h a t c e r t a in s e a w e e d s o f t h e P a c if ic c o a st w i l l y i e l d a g a r -a g a r
(h a t m e e ts th e m o st e x a c t in g r e q u ir e m e n ts.
T h e B u r e a u h a s c o n t in u e d i t s e ffo r ts t o s o lv e t h e d iffic u lt p r o b le m s
c o n f r o n t in g th e o y s t e r - g r o w in g in te r e s ts , p a r t ic u la r ly in t h e L o n g
I s la n d S o u n d r e g io n , w h e r e t h e a r e a s u n d e r c u lt iv a t io n a re r e g u la r ly
d im in is h in g f o r w a n t o f se e d a n d t h e w h o le in d u s t r y h a s b e e n
th r e a te n e d w it h e x t in c t io n . T h e s e a so n o f 1920 p r o v e d v e r y u n ­
fa v o r a b le f o r e x p e r im e n ta t io n , b u t th e o u t lo o k f o r p r o fita b le w o r k
d u r in g t h e se a so n o f 1921 is p a r t ic u la r ly p r o m is in g . S p e c ia l a t t e n ­
tio n h a s b e e n g iv e n to th e e ffe c t o f p o llu t io n u p o n o y s te r p r o p a g a t io n .
F r e s h - w a t e r m u s se l p r o p a g a t io n h a s b e e n c o n d u c te d a s u s u a l a n d ,
p a r t ly t h r o u g h t h e lib e r a l c o o p e r a tio n o f t h e N a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n
o f B u t t o n M a n u fa c tu r e r s , t h e o u t p u t o f la r v a l m u s se ls d u r in g th e
la s t s e a so n w a s g r e a t ly in e x c e s s o f p r e v io u s y e a r s. T h e n u m b e r o f
su c h larvae a r t if ic ia lly im p la n t e d o n t h e g i l l s o f a p p r o p r ia te fish
h o sts w a s a p p r o x im a t e ly 6 4 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . T h e e ff o r ts o f th e D e p a r t m e n t

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to a w a k e n in te r e s t in t h e p r o t e c t io n o f t h e m u s se l r e so u r c e s h a v e
c o n tin u e d to m e e t w it h fa v o r a b le r e sp o n s e s, so t h a t th e a r e a s n o w
u n d e r s t r ic t p r o te c tio n h a v e b e en m a t e r ia lly e x te n d e d .
R e f e r e n c e m a y be m a d e to th e f a c t t h a t in J u l y , 1921, a c o n fe r e n c e
b e tw e e n r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s o f th e S t a t e s o f M a r y la n d a n d V i r g in ia a n d
o f th e D e p a r t m e n t w a s h e ld in W a s h in g t o n to s e t t le th e m u c h -v e x e d
p r o b le m o f t h e p r o te c tio n o f th e b lu e c ra b o f th e C h e sa p e a k e B a y
u p o n t h e b a s is o f r e c o m m e n d a tio n s a r is in g fr o m a n in v e s t ig a t io n o f
th e l if e h is t o r y a n d m ig r a t io n s o f th e b lu e c ra b p r e v io u s ly c a r r ie d
o u t b y th e B u r e a u in th e r e g u la r c o u r se o f it s s c ie n tif ic w o r k . E s ­
s e n tia l m e a s u r e s o f p r o t e c t io n w e r e a g r e e d u p o n , a n d th e S t a t e offi­
c ia ls w ill e n d e a v o r to se c u r e c o n c u r r e n t le g is la t io n to g i v e e ffe c t
th e r e to .
A m o n g th e m o st g r a t i f y i n g o c c u r r e n c e s o f th e y e a r h a v e b e e n th e
c o r d ia l r e sp o n se s to t h e in v it a t io n s g iv e n o n t w o o c c a sio n s b y th e
D e p a r t m e n t f o r c o n fe r e n c e s o n th e s u b je c t o f th e c o n s e r v a tio n o f r e ­
so u r c e s o f in te r io r w a te r s. T h e fir st c o n fe r e n c e , h e ld o n t h e o c c a sio n
o f th e d e d ic a tio n o f th e n e w b io lo g ic a l la b o r a to r y a t F a ir p o r t , I o w a ,
w a s a t te n d e d b y s c ie n tif ic m e n fr o m 12 S t a t e s a n d , in d e v o t in g s p e ­
c ia l a t te n t io n to th e a p p lic a t io n o f s c ie n c e to fis h e r y p r o b le m s, g a v e
s u b s t a n t ia l a id to th e D e p a r t m e n t in f r a m in g p la n s f o r c o n s tr u c t iv e
s e r v ic e to th e fish e r ie s. T h e o u tc o m e o f t h is c o n fe r e n c e in d ic a t e d th e
a d v is a b ilit y o f a n o th e r o f b r o a d e r sc o p e a n d lo n g e r d u r a tio n , w h ic h
w a s h e ld a t th e sa m e p la c e in J u n e , 1921. I t w a s a tte n d e d b y a
la r g e n u m b e r o f c o m m e r c ia l m en , a n g le r s , a n d s c ie n t is t s , b e s id e s r e p ­
r e s e n t a t iv e s o f S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s a n d s e v e r a l F e d e r a l b u r e a u s , a n d
p r o v e d m o s t h e lp f u l in e f f e c t in g b o th a n in te r c h a n g e o f id e a s a n d
a b e tte r u n d e r s t a n d in g a m o n g p e r s o n s o f v a r ie d in te r e s ts . S o m e
p r a c tic a l r e s u lt s b e c a m e a lm o s t im m e d ia t e ly a p p a r e n t in th e s te p s
w h ic h h a v e b e en ta k e n to g iv e b r o a d e r p r o te c tio n to fis h e r y r e so u r c e s.
P O L L U T IO N

OF W ATERS.

T h e r a p id ly in c r e a s in g p o llu t io n o f b o th fr e s h a n d s a lt w a te r s
r e s u lt in g f r o m d e v e lo p m e n t o f in d u s t r y h a s c r e a te d a la r m a m o n g
fish e r m e n a n d u n d o u b te d ly in m a n y c a se s h a s c a u se d m u c h h a r m ,
b o th to t h e fis h e s a n d f is h in g g e a r . T h is h a s b e en p a r t ic u la r ly tr u e
o f p e tr o le u m a n d i t s p r o d u c ts , b u t th e r e is a g r e a t v a r ie t y o f in d u s ­
t r ia l w a s te s w h ic h a re e it h e r k n o w n to b e h a r m f u l o r a re s u s p e c te d
o f b e in g so . T h e r e a re v e r y f e w e x p e r im e n ta l d a ta a n d l i t t l e s p e c ific
in f o r m a t io n o n th e s u b je c t, s u c h a s c a n b e u se d in c o u r ts o f la w o r
b e fo r e le g i s la t iv e b o d ie s , a n d it is im p o r t a n t t h a t su c h d a t a s h o u ld
b e a c q u ir e d a n d m a d e a v a ila b le . O n th e o n e h a n d , t h e fis h e r ie s
s h o u ld b e p r o te c te d fr o m p r e v e n ta b le p o llu t io n s a n d , o n th e o th e r ,
in d u s t r y s h o u ld n o t b e h a r a s s e d a n d s u b je c te d to u n n e c e s s a r y e x ­
p e n s e in th e d is p o s a l o f in n o c u o u s su b s ta n c e s r e s u lt in g fr o m l e g i t i ­
m a te a n d e s s e n tia l o p e r a tio n s .

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I t is d e sir a b le t h a t i n v e s t ig a t io n s s h o u ld d e f in it e ly d e te r m in e w h a t
p o llu t io n s a re in j u r io u s , to w h a t e x t e n t t h e y m a y b e c o n v e r te d in to
h a r m le s s su b s ta n c e s a f t e r t h e y a r e d is c h a r g e d , a n d w h a t m e a su r e s
are f e a s ib le f o r r e n d e r in g th e m in n o c u o u s b e fo r e d is c h a r g e o r f o r r e ­
c o v e r in g th e m a s e c o n o m ic b y -p r o d u c ts. I t is d e s ir a b le to le a r n a lso
w h ic h fis h e r y p r o d u c ts a r e a ffe c te d a n d u n d e r w h a t c o n d itio n s , a n d
w h ic h a re r e s is ta n t to th e e ffe c ts o f th e se d iff e r e n t tr a d e w a ste s.
T o e n a b le th e D e p a r t m e n t to c a r r y o n th e p r o p o s e d in v e s t ig a t io n s
a n it e m o f $ 7 ,5 0 0 h a s b e e n in c lu d e d in th e e s tim a t e s o f a p p r o p r ia ­
t io n s f o r th e n e x t fisc a l y e a r .
P R O P A G A T IO N

OF FOOD

F IS H E S .

I n c o n s id e r in g th e s e r v ic e r e n d e r e d b y th e D e p a r t m e n t in p r o p a ­
g a t i n g fo o d fish e s a n d d is t r ib u t in g th e m in th e p u b lic a n d p r iv a te
w a te r s o f th e c o u n tr y , th e q u e s tio n a r is e s w h e th e r th e F e d e r a l G o v ­
e r n m e n t h a s b e e n p e r f o r m in g a f u n c t io n t h a t sh o u ld be a ss u m e d b y
t h e r e s p e c tiv e S ta te s . T h e r e c a n b e lit t l e d o u b t a s to th e p r o p r ie t y
o f e ffo r ts o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t to m a in t a in a n d in c r e a s e t h e s u p p ly
o f fo o d fish e s in c o a s ta l w a te r s, in te r s ta t e s tr e a m s a n d la k e s, a n d
b o u n d a r y w a t e r s , b u t t h e r e is g r a v e d o u b t a s to th e p r o p r ie t y o f
p r o p a g a t in g a n d p la n t in g fish in th e m in o r w a t e r s w h o lly w i t h in th e
S t a t e s , e s p e c ia lly w h e n su c h w a te r s in m a n y c a s e s a re n o t o p e n to
t h e p u b lic .
I n t h e a b se n c e o f a d e fin it e p o lic y in t h is m a tt e r , C o n g r e s s h a s fr o m
t im e to t im e o r d e re d th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f n u m e r o u s h a t c h e r ie s a p ­
p a r e n t ly w it h o u t a n y r e g a r d f o r th e r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s a n d d u t ie s o f th e
S t a te s . H a t c h e r ie s h a v e b e e n lo c a te d in S t a t e s t h a t w e re a lr e a d y
m a in t a in in g h a t c h e r ie s o f th e id e n t ic a l n a tu r e a n d p u r p o s e a s th o s e
p r o v id e d b y C o n g r e s s , a n d w e r e a b le a n d w i l li n g to b u ild a d d it io n a l
h a tc h e r ie s a s o c c a s io n d e m a n d e d .
O n th e o th e r h a n d , h a tc h e r ie s
h a v e b e en p la c e d b y a c t o f C o n g r e s s in S t a t e s th a t h a v e e x h ib it e d
l i t t l e o r n o in c lin a t io n to a id th e m s e lv e s b y t h is d ir e c t m e a n s o f
p e r p e t u a t in g t h e ir lo c a l fish s u p p ly a n d , in so m e c a se s, h a v e b e en
q u ite in d iff e r e n t in th e m a tt e r , a s s h o w n b y th e ir f a ilu r e to a ffo r d
e v e n t h e m in im u m d e g r e e o f p r o t e c t io n r e q u ir e d fo r th e m a in te n a n c e
o f t h e v a r io u s k in d s o f fo o d fis h e s w it h in t h e ir lim it s . M u c h e ffo r t
a n d m u c h m o n e y e x p e n d e d b y th e D e p a r t m e n t in h a t c h in g a n d p la n t ­
in g fish h a v e b e e n w a s te d b e c a u se c e r t a in S t a t e s h a v e f a il e d to r e n d e r
p r o p e r c o o p e r a tio n . A lo g ic a l p o lic y f o r th e G o v e r n m e n t to p u r su e
w o u ld b e to lo o k to t h e ¡sta te s f o r th e c o n d u c t o f su c h fis h -c u ltu r a l
o p e r a tio n s a s m a y be r e q u ir e d f o r th e m a in te n a n c e o f th e fish s u p p ly
in m in o r lo c a l w a t e r s , l e a v i n g to t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t th e e s ta b ­
lis h m e n t a n d m a in te n a n c e o f h a t c h e r ie s f o r fis h e s t h a t s u p p o r t c o m ­
m e r c ia l fis h e r ie s o r c o n tr ib u te m a t e r ia lly to th e c o u n tr y 's f o o d s u p p ly
in c o a s ta l, in te r s ta te , a n d b o u n d a r y w a te r s. T h e p r o p e r d is p o s it io n

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to be m a d e o f th e e x is t in g F e d e r a l h a tc h e r ie s t h a t se r v e a r e la t iv e ly
lo ca l n ee d r e m a in s to he d e te r m in e d , b u t a s s u r e d ly n o a d d it io n a l
h a t c h e r ie s o f t h is k in d sh o u ld h e e s ta b lis h e d w it h o u t a v e r y c a r e f u l
c o n s id e r a t io n o f th e w h o le s u b je c t b y C o n g r e s s.
M e a n w h ile , in o r d e r to m a k e th e f is h -c u lt u r a l w o r k a t le a s t p a r t ly
s e lf - s u s t a in in g a n d t o b r in g to a n e n d a p r a c tic e t h a t c a n n o lo n g e r
b e r e g a r d e d a s n e c e ss a r y o r d e s ir a b le , a p r o v is o h a s b ee n in se r te d in
th e e s tim a t e s o f a p p r o p r ia tio n s fo r th e n e x t fisc a l y e a r a u t h o r iz in g
th e S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m e r c e to im p o s e a r e a so n a b le c h a r g e f o r a ll fish
fu r n is h e d b y th e B u r e a u f o r p la n t in g in p r iv a te w a te r s in w h ic h th e
g e n e r a l p u b lic is n o t p e r m it te d to fish , th e m o n e y s r e c e iv e d fr o m t h is
so u r c e to b e c o v e r e d in to t h e T r e a s u r y .
T h e h a tc h e r ie s a re m a in t a in e d to m e e t d e fin ite r e q u ir e m e n ts a n d
th e ir o u t p u t r e a c h e s e v e r y S t a te . T h e b u lk o f t h e e g g s in c u b a t e d in
th e fie ld o p e r a tio n s a re ta k e n fr o m fish t h a t h a v e b e e n c a u g h t in c o m ­
m e r c ia l f is h in g a n d a re o n t h e ir w a y to m a r k e t ; u n le s s s a lv a g e d b y
t h e fish c u lt u r is t s t h e y w o u ld b e lo st . D u r i n g th e fisc a l y e a r 1921, th e
d e p a r tm e n t p r o d u c e d a n d d is tr ib u t e d 3 ,6 2 6 ,2 6 3 ,0 0 0 f r y , 2 2 6 ,5 8 9 ,0 0 0
f in g e r lin g s , a n d 1 ,10 9,6 3 7 ,0 0 0 f e r t iliz e d e g g s , a t o t a l o f 4 .9 6 2 ,4 8 9 ,0 0 0 .
A n e x te n s iv e a n d h i g h l y p r o d u c t iv e b r a n c h o f th e fis h -c u lt u r a l
w o r k is t h e r e s c u in g o f s tr a n d e d fo o d fis h e s fr o m o v e r flo w e d la n d s
in th e M is s is s ip p i v a lle y . T h e fish a r e l e f t b y t h e r e c e d in g flo o d
w a te r s, a n d u n le s s c o lle c t e d a n d p la n t e d in th e m a in s tr e a m s w ill
in e v it a b ly p e r is h w h e n th e t e m p o r a r y w a t e r s in w h ic h t h e y a r e i n ­
c lo se d b e c o m e d r y o r fr o z e n . I n 1 9 2 1 , th e r e sc u e d fish , c o n s is t in g
o f a ll th e im p o r t a n t f o o d s p e c ie s fo u n d in th e M is s is s ip p i R iv e r a n d
t r ib u t a r ie s , n u m b e r e d o v e r 1 2 0,00 0 ,00 0 . T h e s e o p e r a tio n s , w h ic h a t
m in im u m c o s t p r o d u c e th e m o st n o t e w o r th y r e su lts , c o n tin u e to be
c o m m e n d e d b y e v e r y o n e f a m ilia r w it h th e ir c h a r a c te r . T h e r e is e x ­
c e lle n t o p p o r t u n it y f o r a n e x te n s io n o f th e w o r k in t o fie ld s n o t n o w
o c c u p i e d ; a n d th e D e p a r t m e n t h a s m a d e a fa v o r a b le r e p o r t o n a b i ll
w h ic h p r o v id e s in c r e a se d f a c i l it ie s a n d p e r s o n n e l f o r t h is p u r p o se .
T h e D e p a r t m e n t h a s e n te r e d in to p r o fita b le c o o p e r a tiv e r e la tio n s
w it h th e C a n a d ia n G o v e r n m e n t in th e c o n d u c t o f f is h -c u lt u r a l o p ­
e r a tio n s a d d r e ss e d to th e c o m m e r c ia l fish e s o f th e G r e a t L a k e s . T h e r e
is a ls o in t im a t e a n d m u t u a lly h e l p f u l c o o p e r a tio n w it h t h e v a r io u s
S t a t e s w h ic h a re e n g a g e d in a r tific ia l p r o p a g a t io n . I n t h e n a t io n a l
p a r k s a n d n a t io n a l f o r e s t s th e D e p a r t m e n t h a s u n d e r ta k e n to k e e p
th e ' w a t e r s s to c k e d w it h s u ita b le fis h e s a n d to e s ta b lis h d e s ir a b le
s p e c ie s in p r e v io u s ly b a r r e n w a t e r s ; a n d , in a c tiv e c o o p e r a tio n w it h
th e G o v e r n m e n t o fficials in c h a r g e , is r e n d e r in g a v a lu a b le se r v ic e in
m a k in g th e se g r e a t n a t io n a l p la y g r o u n d s m o r e a t t r a c t iv e to v is it o r s .
H a t c h e r ie s a re m a in t a in e d in th e Y e llo w s t o n e N a t io n a l P a r k a n d th e
G la c ie r N a t io n a l P a r k , a n d la r g e d e p o s its o f fish a re b e in g s y s ­
t e m a t ic a lly m a d e in p a r k a n d f o r e s t w a te r s t h a t a re m o st fish e d .

A p p e n d ix

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Commissioner.)

T h e U n it e d S t a t e s L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , u n d e r th e D e p a r t m e n t o f
C o m m e r c e , is th e la r g e s t o r g a n iz a t io n o f it s k in d in th e w o r ld , h a v in g
c h a r g e o f th e lig h t s , b u o y s, a n d o th e r a id s to n a v ig a t io n o n a ll th e
se a a n d la k e c o a s ts o f th e U n it e d S t a te s . I t m a in t a in s a b o u t 16,000
a id s , e m p lo y s a b o u t 6 ,00 0 p e r s o n s, a n d o p e r a te s a b o u t 120 v e sse ls.
F o r p u r p o s e s o f a d m in is t r a t io n , th e c o a s t is d iv id e d in to 19 l i g h t ­
h o u se d is tr ic t s , e a c h in c h a r g e o f a s u p e r in te n d e n t o f lig h t h o u s e s , w h o
is lo c a te d in a m a r it im e c it y in th e d is tr ic t . T h e G r e a t L a k e s c o m ­
p r is e th e te n th , e le v e n t h , a n d t w e lf t h d is t r ic t s , w it h d is t r ic t h e a d ­
q u a r te r s a t B u ff a lo , D e t r o it , a n d M ilw a u k e e , r e s p e c t iv e ly .
The
s u p e r in t e n d e n t o f e a c h d is t r ic t is t h e c h i e f e x e c u t iv e o f lig h t h o u s e
w o r k u n d e r h is c h a r g e , w ith im p o r t a n t a n d r e sp o n s ib le a d m in is t r a ­
t iv e a n d te c h n ic a l d u tie s , b e in g a n e n g in e e r in g a s w e ll a s an e x e c u tiv e
officer. E a c h s u p e r in te n d e n t is r e sp o n s ib le , t a k in g th e a v e r a g e o f a ll
t h e d is t r ic t s , f o r G o v e r n m e n t p r o p e r ty o f $ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 e s tim a t e d v a lu e ,
7 v e s se ls , th e m a r k in g o f 1,000 m ile s o f g e n e r a l c o a s t lin e , 860 a id s
t o n a v ig a t io n , 3 2 0 e m p lo y e e s , a n d $ 4 00 ,0 0 0 a n n u a l d isb u r se m e n ts.
S o m e o f th e q u a lific a tio n s n e c e ss a r y f o r t h is d u ty a r e : ( 1 ) T e c h n i­
c a l k n o w le d g e o f lig h t h o u s e w o r k ; ( 2 ) b u s in e s s a b ilit y f o r it s e c o ­
n o m ic a l a n d e fficien t h a n d lin g ; ( 3 ) v ig ila n c e in p r o t e c t in g th e s a f e t y
o f n a v ig a t io n ; ( 4 ) t r a in in g a n d e x p e r ie n c e in p r a c t ic a lly a ll b r a n c h e s
o f e n g in e e r in g ; ( 5 ) n a u t ic a l k n o w le d g e a n d e x p e r ie n c e ; ( 6 ) e fficien t
s u p e r v is io n o f a w id e ly s c a tt e r e d p e r s o n n e l; ( 7 ) a b ilit y to a c t o n in ­
d e p e n d e n t in it i a t i v e a n d r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; a n d ( 8 ) a b ilit y to a c t a n d
c o o p e r a te w it h r e p r e s e n ta tiv e c it iz e n s , a n d lo c a l o r o th e r G o v e r n ­
m e n t officers in m a tt e r s a f fe c tin g th e n e e d s o f n a v ig a t io n .
T h e h e a d q u a r te r s o f th e e n t ir e S e r v ic e is in W a s h in g t o n , u n d e r
th e C o m m is s io n e r o f L ig h t h o u s e s , w h o , w it h t h r e e p r in c ip a l te c h n ic a l
a s s is t a n ts , h a s th e m a n a g e m e n t a n d d ir e c t io n o f th e e n t ir e w o r k , i n ­
v o l v in g n o t o n ly th e m a in te n a n c e a n d o p e r a tio n o f th e lig h t h o u s e
s y s te m , b u t d e s ig n s a n d c o n s tr u c tio n o f n e w lig h t h o u s e s , v e s se ls an d
r e la t e d s tr u c tu r e s , a s w e ll a s th e ir r e p a ir a n d im p r o v e m e n t.

107

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
IM P O R T A N T

A C T IV IT IE S
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OF
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YEAR.

T h r e e r a d io f o g - s i g n a l s t a t io n s , th e fir st in

t h is c o u n t r y , w e r e

p la c e d in c o m m iss io n b y th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e o n M a y 1, 1 9 2 1 .
T h e s e a re o n A m b r o s e C h a n n e l L i g h t V e s s e l, F ir e I s la n d L i g h t V e s ­
s e l, a n d a t S e a G ir t L ig h t h o u s e , a ll in th e v i c i n i t y o f N e w Y o r k
H a r b o r . T h e s e s t a t io n s a r e th e r e su lt o f e x p e r im e n ts c a r r ie d o u t
d u r in g s e v e r a l y e a r s b y th e B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s a n d th e L ig h t h o u s e
S e r v ic e in c o o p e r a tio n , a n d o f t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f a p r a c tic a l r a d io
c o m p a s s b y th e fo r m e r . A p u b lic d e m o n s tr a tio n o f th e w o r k in g o f
th e se s t a t io n s , a n d o f th e u se in c o n n e c tio n t h e r e w it h o f a r a d io
c o m p a s s m o u n te d o n a v e s se l, w a s g iv e n o n th e lig h t h o u s e te n d e r
Tulip in th e v i c i n i t y o f N e w Y o r k o n J u n e 2 7 a n d 2 8 , 1921. T h is
s y s te m s h o u ld g i v e to th e n a v ig a t o r , f o r th e fir st t im e , a m e a n s o f
t a k in g in a f o g , o r tim e o f lo w v i s i b i li t y , a c c u r a te b e a r in g s o f i n ­
v is ib le lig h t h o u s e s a n d l i g h t v e s se ls , w h ic h h e m a y u s e in lo c a t in g o r
s t e e r in g h is v e s se l, a n d lie s h o u ld b e a b le to d o t h is in d e p e n d e n t ly a s
lie u se s h is m a g n e tic c o m p a ss fo r b e a r in g s o n v is ib le o b je c ts. W h e n
d e v e lo p e d a n d it s u se e x te n d e d , r a d io f o g s ig n a ls a n d th e r a d io c o m ­
p a s s w ill p r o b a b ly be th e g r e a te s t a d v a n c e m a d e in a lo n g p e r io d in
a f fo r d in g p r o t e c t io n to v e s s e ls in f o g . a n d s h o u ld be th e m e a n s o f
a v o id in g so m e o f th e s e r io u s m a r in e d is a st e r s n o w d u e to i n a b ilit y
to lo c a te a f o g s ig n a l u n d e r u n f a v o r a b le c o n d itio n s .
C o n g r e s s b y th e a c t o f M a r ch 4, 1921, a p p r o p r ia te d $1,000.01X1 f o r
v e sse ls f o r th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , a p a r t o f th e $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 v e s se l
r e b u ild in g p r o g r a m w h ic h w a s a u th o r iz e d b y th e a c t o f J u n e 5 ,1 9 2 0 .
P la n s a n d s p e c if ic a t io n s w e re p r o m p t ly p r e p a r e d a n d b id s o p e n e d o n
J u n e 2 1 , 1920. T h e y w e r e f o u n d so f a v o r a b le t h a t i t w a s p o s s ib le to
c o n tr a c t f o r fiv e id e n tic a l l i g h t v e s se ls a t a n a v e r a g e c o s t o f $ 1 8 4 ,0 0 0
each.
D u r in g th e y e a r th e n e w lig h t h o u s e at P o in t B o r in q u e n . th e n o r t h ­
w e s te r n e x t r e m it y o f P o r t o P i c o , w a s fin is h e d , c o m p le te n e w s y s te m s
o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n w e re e s ta b lis h e d f o r K e w e e n a w W a t e r w a y ,
L a k e S u p e r io r , a n d f o r F i g h t i n g I s la n d C h a n n e l a n d D e t r o it R iv e r ,
M ic h ., a n d th e n e w p la te s h o p a n d c o a l s h e d a t th e g e n e r a l l i g h t ­
h o u se d e p o t o n S t a t e n I s la n d , N . Y ., w e re c o m p le te d .
I m p o r t a n t im p r o v e m e n ts a n d c o n s tr u c tio n w e re in p r o g r e ss a t
lig h t h o u s e d e p o ts a t C h e ls e a , M a ss., G a lv e s to n . T e x ., D e t r o it . M ic h .,
a n d K e t c h ik a n , A la s k a ; o n a id s in t h e H u d s o n , S t . J o h n s , D e t i'o it,
M is s is s ip p i, a n d S t . M a r y s R iv e r s ; th e E a s t e r n S h o r e o f C h e sa p e a k e
B a y . a n d a t lig h t s t a t io n s a t P o i n t J ig u e r o , I 1. R ., th e F lo r id a R e e f s .
F a ir p o r t a n d C o n n e a u t H a r b o r s , O h io . I n d ia n a H a r b o r , I n d ., a n d
P o in t V in c e n te . C a lif.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

109

S U M M A R Y O F M O R E U R G E N T N E E D S O F T H E L IG H T H O U S E S E R V IC E .

1. R e v is io n o f p a y sc h e d u le s is u r g e n t ly n e e d e d so a s to b r in g
a b o u t a j u s t r e la t io n a c c o r d in g to d u tie s a n d r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s b e tw e e n
t h e v a r io u s e m p lo y m e n ts in t h is S e r v ic e , a n d in c o m p a r is o n w ith
o t h e r G o v e r n m e n t a n d o u t s id e e m p lo y m e n t, a n d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f
t h e d e p r e c ia te d p u r c h a s in g p o w e r o f th e d o lla r ; m o st o f th e r e a d ju s t ­
m e n ts o f p a y t h a t i t h a s b e e n p o s s ib le to m a k e u n d e r th e a p p r o p r ia ­
t i o n s h a v e n o t m e t th e n e e d s , a n d c e r ta in c la s s e s , p a r t ic u la r ly th e
B u r e a u fo r c e in W a s h in g t o n , h a v e s h a r e d l it t l e o r n o t a t a ll in
a d v a n c e s s in c e c o n d itio n s b e f o r e th e w a r . T h e d e c r ea se s in th e c ost
o f l i v i n g t h a t h a v e o c c u r r e d d o n o t m a t e r ia lly r e lie v e th e d iffic u lty ,
a n d w ill n o t so lo n g a s th e s a la r ie s a b o v e r e fe r r e d to are v e r y m u c h
le s s t h a n th o s e p a id in o th e r b r a n c h e s o f th e G o v e r n m e n t f o r s im ila r
s e r v ic e s .
2. P r o v is io n is u r g e n t ly n e e d e d f o r r e p la c in g m a n y o f th e v e s se ls
o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e w h ic h h a v e b e e n lo s t o r w o r n o u t in se r v ic e
o r w h ic h w i l l so o n h a v e to b e c o n d e m n e d , a s w e ll a s f o r a d d in g r e a ­
s o n a b le v e s se l e q u ip m e n t to m e e t th e c o n s id e r a b le in c r e a se o f th e p a s t
10 y e a r s in th e a id s to n a v ig a t io n m a in ta in e d . T h e p r o v is io n r e c e n t ly
m a d e c o v e r s o n ly a s m a ll p r o p o r t io n o f th e n e e d s o f t h e S e r v ic e in
t h i s r e sp e c t.
3. P r o v is io n is g r e a t ly n e e d e d f o r im p r o v e d d e p o t f a c i l it ie s in
s e v e r a l o f th e d is t r ic t s , p a r t ic u la r ly a t o r n e a r N o r f o lk . V a . ; K e y
W e s t , F l a .; H o n o lu lu , H a w a i i; a n d N e w p o r t, R . I . ; a n d a d d it io n a l
f u n d s a r e n e e d e d f o r th e c o m p le t io n o f th e im p o r t a n t d e p o t s a t B o s ­
t o n , M a ss., a n d C h a r le s to n , S . C ., D e t r o it , M ic h ., S a n J u a n , P . R ., a n d
K e t c h ik a n , A la s k a .
4. L e g is la t io n is g r e a t ly n e e d e d e x t e n d in g t h e r e tir e m e n t s y s te m
i n th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e to c a se s o f d is a b ilit y in c id e n t to th e w o rk
o t h e r th a n in j u r y r e c e iv e d in th e lin e o f d u t y , a lr e a d y p r o v id e d fo r.
5. L e g is la t io n is im p o r t a n t to b e tte r d e fin e t h e r e la t io n s o f th e
L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e to th e N a v y u n d e r th e a c t o f A u g u s t 2 9 , 1916,
p r o v i d in g f o r i t s t r a n s f e r in t im e o f n a tio n a l e m e r g e n c y , a n d to p r o ­
v id e a p r o p e r m ilit a r y s ta t u s f o r th e p e r s o n n e l o f th e L ig h t h o u s e
S e r v ic e s u b j e c t to su c h t r a n s f e r .
M o r e c o m p le te e x p la n a t io n s o f th e se a n d o th e r r e c o m m e n d a tio n s
a r e g iv e n in t h e f o ll o w i n g s ta t e m e n t s :
S P E C IA L L E G IS L A T IO N

NEEDED.

IN C R E A S E

S A L A R IE S .

OF STA TU TO R Y

T h e le g is la t io n m o st u r g e n t ly n e e d e d fo r th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e
a t th e p r e s e n t tim e is a r e v is io n o f t h e s a la r ie s nowT fix e d b y s ta t u t e
a n d o th e r le g is la t io n f o r im p r o v in g t h e s t a t u s o f th e p e r s o n n e l, so

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

a s to p e r m it th e S e r v ic e to a g a in a t tr a c t, a s i t f o r m e r ly d id , a h ig h
g r a d e o f f a i t h f u l a n d e fficien t e m p lo y e e s . T h e s m a ll a p p a r e n t in ­
c r e a se in a p p r o p r ia tio n s r e q u ir e d to d o t h is w i l l in th e e n d r e s u lt
in e c o n o m y , f o r t h e r e a so n th a t in th e c a r r y in g o n o f h i g h l y te c h n ic a l
w o r k su c h a s t h a t o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e t h e r e is g r e a t w a s te
t h r o u g h lo ss o f tim e a n d in e x p e r ie n c e , w h e n , a s h a s b e c om e m o re a n d
m o r e th e c a se in th e la s t f e w y e a i's, th e S e r v ic e d o e s n o t o ffe r su ffi­
c ie n t in d u c e m e n ts in th e w a y o f c o m p e n sa tio n to a t tr a c t to i t a
p e r s o n n e l s u ite d to it s s p e c ia l n e e d s, n o r to r e ta in m a n y w h o d o
e n te r it.
T h e p r o p o r tio n o f tr a in e d a n d e fficie n t p e r s o n n e l h a s
d im in is h e d to a s e r io u s e x t e n t d u r in g r e c e n t y e a r s.
C o n g r e s s h a s r e c o g n iz e d th e im p o r ta n c e o f t h e p r o b le m t h r o u g h
t h e a p p o in t m e n t o f th e C o n g r e s s io n a l J o i n t C o m m is s io n o n R e c la s s i­
fic a tio n o f S a la r ie s , w h ic h m a d e a r e p o r t o n M a r c h 12, 1920. T h is
r e p o r t f u l l y s h o w s th e n e e d o f r e a d ju st m e n t o f s a la r ie s a n d s y s t e m ­
a tic g r a d in g o f p o s itio n s . T h e r e a r e a t th e p r e s e n t t im e v e r y g r e a t
a n d u n j u s t in e q u a lit ie s in th e s c a le o f c o m p e n s a tio n , a n d c e r ta in p o r ­
t io n s o f th e p e r s o n n e l o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e p a r t ic u la r ly su ffe r
in t h is r e sp e c t. L e g is la t io n is e s p e c ia lly n e e d e d f o r th e r e a d j u s t ­
m e n t o f s ta t u t o r y sa la r ie s. T h e f a c t t h a t C o n g r e s s h a s d ir e c t ly a n d
in d ir e c t ly t h r o u g h lu m p -s u m a p p r o p r ia tio n s p r o v id e d in r e c e n t
y e a r s m u c h m o re lib e r a l p a y s c h e d u le s f o r n e w o r g a n iz a t io n s , h a s
m a d e s u b s t a n t ia l in c r e a s e s in p a y f o r th e m il it a r y s e r v ic e s , a n d h a s
e x te n d e d th e se to s e v e r a l s e r v ic e s w it h c iv i l d u t ie s b u t s u b je c t to
t r a n s f e r to th e N a v y in tim e o f w a r , a s is th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e
u n d e r th e la w s e n a c te d , h a s g r e a t ly in c r e a se d t h e d iffic u lty o f o p e r a t ­
in g th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e w it h i t s in a d e q u a te a n d u n a d ju s t e d s a la r y
s c a le s . A t p r e s e n t officers in t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e c h a r g e d w it h
im p o r t a n t r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s a re i n so m e c a s e s r e c e iv in g le s s t h a n h a l f
t h e c o m p e n sa tio n o f p e r s o n s in o th e r s e r v ic e s in s im ila r s t a t u s a n d
w it h n o g r e a te r r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s o r r e q u ir e m e n ts.
P R O V IS IO N S

FO R

R E T IR E M E N T
L IG H T H O U S E

FO R

D IS A B IL IT Y

S E R V IC E

AND

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OTHER

CHANGES

IN

LAW .

F o r th e p e r s o n s in t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e c o v e r e d b y t h e a c t o f
J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 1 8 , it is v e r y d e s ir a b le t h a t th e r e tir e m e n t p r o v is io n s be
e x te n d e d t o c o v e r c a se s , n o t d u e t o v ic io u s h a b it s o r m is c o n d u c t,
w h e r e a n e m p lo y e e is f o u n d to b e d is a b le d f o r u s e f u l s e r v ic e b e fo r e
r e a c h in g th e a g e fix e d in th e a c t. B e c a u s e o f t h e r e s p o n s ib le a n d
a r d u o u s c h a r a c te r o f m u c h o f t h e w o r k , e s p e c ia lly o n v e s s e ls a n d a t
l i g h t s t a t io n s , su c h p r o v is io n s w i l l a d d m a t e r ia lly to th e e fficien c y
o f th e S e r v ic e a n d r e lie v e c a se s o f s e r io u s h a r d s h ip n o w a r is in g .
T h e r e is p r o v is io n f o r r e tir e m e n t o f p e r s o n s in c a p a c it a te d f o r d u t y
in th e C o a s t G u a r d a n d in th e A r m y a n d N a v y . I n th e g e n e r a l

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

c iv il- s e r v ic e r e tir e m e n t la w o f M a y 2 2 , 1 9 2 0 , t h e r e is p r o v is io n fo r
r e tir e m e n t f o r d is e a s e o r i n j u r y n o t d u e t o v ic io u s h a b it s a f t e r 15
y e a r s ’ se r v ic e . P e r s o n s c o m in g u n d e r th e a c t o f J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 1 8, a re
t h e o n ly o n e s in th e m ilit a r y o r c i v i l s e r v ic e o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t to
w h o m so m e su c h p r o v is io n d o e s n o t n o w a p p ly , a n d le g is la t io n is
n e e d e d t o r e m e d y t h is .
S o m e o th e r m o d if ic a t io n s in th e r e tir e m e n t la w a r e d e s ir a b le in
th e in te r e s t o f e fficien t o r g a n iz a t io n .
E X T E N S IO N

OF

M E D IC A L

R E L IE F

FO R

L IG H T

K EEPER S.

L i g h t k e e p e r s a re n o w e n t it le d to m e d ic a l r e li e f a t h o s p it a ls a n d
s t a t io n s o f th e P u b lic H e a lt h S e r v ic e . T h e s e h o s p it a ls a r e, h o w e v e r ,
in a c c e s s ib le f o r a la r g e n u m b e r o f l i g h t k e e p e r s w h o are s ta t io n e d a t
r e m o te o r is o la t e d p o in t s . E q u a l b e n e fits s h o u ld be e x te n d e d to a ll
l ig h t k e e p e r s, a n d le g is la t io n is n e e d e d to p r o v id e m e d ic a l r e l i e f fo r
a ll, a n d t h is h a s b ee n c o n c u r r e d in b y th e S e c r e t a r y o f th e T r e a su r y .
OTHER

M EASURES

FO R

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OF

PER SO N N EL.

L e g is la t io n is n e e d e d to p e r m it t h e a d j u s tm e n t , w i t h in a m o d e r a te
a m o u n t, o f c la im s b y lig h t h o u s e e m p lo y e e s f o r lo s s o r d a m a g e to
p e r s o n a l p r o p e r ty , su c h a s c lo t h in g , f u r n it u r e , e tc ., c a u s e d b y s to r m s ,
c o llis io n s , o r fire a t l ig h t s t a t io n s , d e p o t s , a n d on v e s se ls. L e g i s la ­
t io n is a ls o n e e d e d to g iv e c o r r e s p o n d in g e m p lo y e e s o f th e L ig h t h o u s e
S e r v ic e c e r t a in n e c e ss a r y p r iv ile g e s n o w a c c o r d e d b y la w to s im ila r
s e r v ic e s , in c lu d in g th e p u r c h a se o f c o m m iss a r y s u p p lie s , t r a n s p o r t a ­
t io n o f f a m i li e s a n d o f h o u s e h o ld e ffe c ts w h e n o r d e r e d to p e r m a n e n tly
c h a n g e s t a t io n , a n d t r a n s p o r t a t io n o n A r m y tr a n s p o r ts .
IN CREA SE

OF

RA TION

ALLOW ANCE

OR

OF

C O M PEN SA TIO N

FOR

L IG H T

KEEPERS.

T h e c o m m u ta tio n o f r a tio n a llo w a n c e a u th o r iz e d b y th e a c t o f
J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 1 8 , a t 45 c e n ts p e r d a y , is in su ffic ie n t to p u r c h a se f o o d
f o r o n e p e r s o n f o r a d a y , a n d l e g i s la t io n is n e e d e d a u t h o r iz in g its
in c r e a se to an a m o u n t r e a so n a b ly su fficien t f o r th e p u r p o se , o r o th e r
p r o v is io n s m a d e f o r in c r e a s e o f th e ir c o m p e n s a tio n . A lt h o u g h a
n u m b e r o f t h e p r o v is io n s r e c o m m e n d e d a b o v e w o u ld b e o f b e n e fit to
l i g h t k e e p e r s u n d e r c e r ta in c o n d itio n s , a n d t h e y h a v e h a d so m e i n ­
c r e a se o f p a y a n d b o n u s in r e c e n t y e a r s , th e a v e r a g e p a y a u th o r iz e d
b y la w o f $ 84 0 p e r a n n u m , e v e n w it h b o n u s , r a tio n s , a n d q u a r te r s,
w h e n p r o v id e d , is v e r y s m a ll u n d e r p r e s e n t l i v i n g c o n d itio n s a n d is
n o t c o m m e n s u r a te w it h t h e s e r v ic e o r q u a lific a tio n s r e q u ir e d .
P R O T E C T IO N OF AIDS TO NA V IG A T IO N .

L e g is la t io n is n e e d e d f o r th e b e tte r p r o t e c t io n o f a id s to n a v i g a ­
tio n . S u c h a id s , e s p e c ia lly t h o s e lo c a te d in t h e w a te r , a r e o f t e n d a m ­

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a g e d b y p a s s in g v e s se ls , a n d it is d iffic u lt in m a n y in s ta n c e s to lo c a te
tht! p a r t y a t f a u lt . M o r e s t r in g e n t r e q u ir e m e n ts a re n e c e ss a r y a s to
f a ilu r e to r e p o r t su c h in ju r ie s , e tc . S u m s r e c e iv e d in p a y m e n t s h o u ld
a ls o b e m a d e a v a ila b le f o r r e p a ir o f a id s.
VESSELS, URG ENT

NEED

FOR

REPLACEM ENT.

T h e a n n u a l r e p o r t f o r 1919 ( a n d th e r e p o r t o f th e S e c r e t a r y o f
C o m m e r c e f o r th e s a m e y e a r , A p p e n d ix A ) , g a v e a f u l l s ta t e m e n t o f
th e u r g e n t n e e d f o r th e c o n s tr u c t io n o f a d d it io n a l v e s se ls f o r th e
L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e , to r e p la c e th o s e w o r n o u t in s e r v ic e , th o s e lo s t
t h r o u g h v a r io u s c a s u a lt ie s , a n d to m e e t th e c o n s id e r a b le g r o w t h o f
th e S e r v ic e . T h e d u t y o f th e tw o t y p e s o f v e s s e ls , te n d e r s f o r b u o y
w o r k a n d s u p p ly p u r p o s e s , a n d lig h t v e s s e ls f o r f lo a t in g lig h t h o u s e s ,
w a s e x p la in e d , a s w e ll a s t h e se v e r e u s a g e a n d h a z a r d o u s s e r v ic e to
w h ic h th e se v e s se ls a re e x p o s e d . T h e s e c o n d itio n s s t i l l c o n tin u e .
T h e u s e f u l l i f e o f a lig h t h o u s e t e n d e r is a b o u t 25 jre a r s, a n d o f a
l i g h t v e s se l a b o u t BO y e a r s u n d e r n o r m a l c o n d itio n s . T h e a v e r a g e
a g e o f th e te n d e r s is a t p r e s e n t 21 y e a r s , a n d o f t h e l ig h t v e s s e ls 30
y e a r s. O f th e l i g h t v e s s e ls n o w in u se 23 a r e m o r e t h a n 30 y e a r s o ld ,
a n d o f th e te n d e r s 19 a re m o r e t h a n 25 y e a r s o l d ; 12 o f th e l i g h t
v e s se ls a r e o v e r 50 y e a r s o ld . S in c e 1 9 1 0 , a n d p a r t ic u la r ly s in c e th e
b e g in n in g o f w a r c o n d itio n s , th e r e h a s b ee n a c o n s id e r a b le d e fic ie n c y
in th e b u ild in g o f v e s s e ls su ffic ie n t to k e e p u p t h is v e s se l e q u ip m e n t,
a s id e fr o m t a k in g c a r e o f t h e la r g e in c r e a se o f a b o u t 4 0 p e r c e n t in
th e n u m b e r o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n m a in t a in e d . S o m e c la s s e s o f th e
im p r o v e d a id s , p a r t ic u la r ly b u o y s a n d sh o r e b e a c o n s , w it h a u to m a tic
g a s lig h t s , h a v e m a t e r ia lly in c r e a se d th e w o r k o f th e te n d e r s .
A n u m b e r o f th e o ld e r te n d e r s a r e n o t d e s ig n e d to h a n d le th e m o d ­
e r n t y p e s o f h e a v y b u o y s a n d s o m e o f th e m a r e n o t s u ffic ie n tly s e a ­
w o r th y to be s e n t o n o u t s id e w o r k . M a n y o f th e lig h t s h i p s a re n o t in
c o n d itio n to b e s a f e l y p la c e d o n e x p o s e d s ta t io n s . T h e c o s t o f r e ­
p a ir s a n d o v e r h a u l b ec o m e s so h e a v y t h a t i t is n o t e c o n o m ic a l to k e e p
in c o m m is s io n v e s s e ls a f t e r t h e y h a v e r e a c h e d a r e a so n a b le l im it o f
u s e fu ln e s s . T h e e ffe c t o f c o n t in u in g th e u se o f th e se o ld v e s s e ls is
o f t e n a g r e a t ly d im in is h e d o u t p u t o f w o r k w it h th e sa m e o r g r e a te r
c o st o f o p e r a tio n a n d u p k e e p . O f m o re im p o r ta n c e t h a n th e q u e s ­
t io n o f e fficien t a n d e c o n o m ic a l o p e r a tio n , h o w e v e r , is t h a t o f s a f e ­
g u a r d in g l if e . B o t h lig h t h o u s e te n d e r s a n d l ig h t s h i p s a re e n g a g e d
o n h a z a r d o u s d u t y , a n d t h e ir officers a n d c r e w s s h o u ld n o t b e r e ­
q u ir e d to s e r v e o n v e s se ls w h ic h h a v e p a ss e d a r e a so n a b le l i m i t o f
u s e fu ln e s s , n o r c a n t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e p r o p e r ly p e r fo r m it s p a r t
in th e s a f e g u a r d in g o f l i f e a n d p r o p e r ty o n th e n a v ig a b le w a te r s o f
t h is c o u n t r y w it h o u t n e c e ss a r y v e s s e l e q u ip m e n t.
T h e d e fic ie n c y o f v e s s e ls f o r th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e h a s b ee n a c ­
c e n tu a te d b y a n u m b e r o f c a s u a lt ie s in r e c e n t y e a r s , in c lu d in g lo ss e s

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

113

b y s u b m a r in e , ic e , fire , a n d c o llis io n , a n d a ls o b y t h e se v e r e u s a g e to
w h ic h a n u m b e r o f t e n d e r s w e r e p u t w h ile c o o p e r a tin g w it h th e N a v y
d u r in g th e r e c e n t w a r . S in c e t h e s ta t e m e n t in th e r e p o r t o f 1919 it
h a s a ls o b e e n n e c e ss a r y to p u t o u t o f c o m m iss io n a n d s e ll th r e e l ig h t
v e s s e ls a n d o n e te n d e r .
V e r y t h o r o u g h in v e s t ig a t io n h a s b e e n m a d e a s to t h e p o s s ib ilit y
o f o b t a in in g v e s s e ls s u ita b le f o r w o r k o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e fr o m
th e S h i p p i n g B o a r d o r fr o m v e s s e ls n o lo n g e r n e e d e d b y th e N a v y
o n a c c o u n t o f th e c e ss a tio n o f th e w a r . I t w a s f o u n d t h a t th e S h i p ­
p in g B o a r d h a d n o v e s s e ls in a n y w a y s u ita b le . F r o m t h e N a v y
s e v e r a l s m a ll v e s s e ls h a v e b e e n tr a n s f e r r e d w h ic h w i l l b e u s e d fo r
s h o a l w a te r t e n d e r w o r k , b u t t h e y w i l l b e o f b u t lim it e d u s e fu ln e s s .
L ig h t h o u s e te n d e r s a n d l ig h t v e s s e ls a r e b o th v e s se ls o f u n u s u a l r e ­
q u ir e m e n ts, a n d it is im p r a c t ic a b le to m e e t th e s p e c ia l n e e d s o f t h is
w o r k b y a d a p t in g v e s s e ls o f o th e r t y p e s . I n v e s t ig a t io n o f t h e p o s s i­
b i li t y o f g e t t i n g v e s s e ls fr o m o th e r d e p a r tm e n ts is s t i l l c o n t in u in g .
C o n g r e ss , b y th e a c t o f J u n e 5 ,1 9 2 0 , a f t e r f u l l h e a r in g s , a u th o r iz e d
a b u ild in g p r o g r a m f o r v e s s e ls f o r th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e o f $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , a n d a n a p p r o p r ia tio n o f $ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o f t h is a m o u n t w a s m a d e in
th e a c t o f M a r c h 4 , 1921. U n d e r t h is a n d p r e v io u s a p p r o p r ia tio n s
th e f o ll o w i n g v e s se ls in c lu d e d in th e l i s t o f 1919 a r e n o w u n d e r c o n ­
s t r u c t io n ; o n t h e la s t c o n tr a c t m u c h lo w e r b id s w e r e r e c e iv e d th a n
f o r a n u m b e r o f y e a r s , a n d t h is a p p e a r s t o b e a f a v o r a b le t im e f o r
v e s se l c o n s t r u c t io n :
L i g h t v e s se ls to r e p la c e No. 71, D ia m o n d S h o a l ; No. 51, r e lie f ,
t h ir d d is t r ic t ; No. 43, r e lie f , e ig h t h d is t r ic t ; No. 20, C r o ss K ip ;
No. 3, H a n d k e r c h ie f , M a s s .; a n d f o r B a r n e g a t , N . J . ; te n d e r s to
r e p la c e Jessamine, f if t h d is t r ic t , a n d Gardenia, t h ir d d is t r ic t ; a lso
th e p la n s f o r th e te n d e r Goldenrod a r e in p r e p a r a tio n .
F r o m c a r e f u l e s tim a t e s a n d e x a m in a t io n s a s to th e c o n d itio n a n d
f u r th e r s e r v ic e a b ilit y o f v e s s e ls o f t h e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e it is f o u n d
t h a t , in a d d it io n to th o s e p r o v id e d f o r b y v e s se ls n o w b u ild in g , 16
l i g h t v e s se ls a n d 11 t e n d e r s , s h o u ld b e r e p la c e d w it h in th e n e x t fiv e
y e a r s. A s i t w ill r e q u ire fr o m tw o to t h r e e y e a r s a f t e r a p p r o p r ia ­
t io n is m a d e b e f o r e v e s se ls a re a v a ila b le f o r se r v ic e , f u n d s s h o u ld be
p r o v id e d n o w f o r 15 o f th e se v e s s e ls , b e in g th o s e m o r e u r g e n t ly
n e e d e d , a s s h o w n in th e f o ll o w i n g l i s t :
A D D IT IO N A L V E S S E L S FOR W H IC H A PPR O PR IA T IO N 1 8 NOW N E C E S S A R Y .

T e n d e r to r e p la c e J o h n R o d g e r s , t h ir d d is t r ic t , c l a s s B ___ _________ $ 3 1 0 ,0 0 0
T e n d e r to r e p la c e H o lly , fift h d is t r ic t , c l a s s B _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
310, 0 0 0
T e n d e r t o r e p la c e M is tle to e , th ir d d is t r ic t , c l a s s B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 1 0 ,0 0 0
T w o sm a ll t e n d e r s to r e p la c e M y r tle , th ir d d is t r ic t , a t $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 0 0 , (MX)
T e n d e r t o r e p la c e A r b u t u s , fif t h d is t r ic t, c l a s s B __________ ________
3 1 0 , 000
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 55, L a n s in g S h o a l, M ic h ., c l a s s 3 _________
150, 0 00
7 6 0 6 0 — 2 1 ----- 8

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E ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 5, S to n e h o r s e S h o a l, M a ss ., c l a s s 2 _______ $ 3 1 0 ,0 0 0
L ig h t v e s s e l
to r e p la c e N o . .'/, r e lie f, s e c o n d d is t r ic t , c l a s s 2 -------------- 3 1 0 , 000
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 2, r e lie f, f if t h d is t r ic t, c l a s s 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 1 0 ,0 0 0
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 1/6, T a il o f H o r se sh o e , V a ., fift h d is t r ic t ,
c la s s 2 _______________________________________________________
3 1 0 ,0 0 0
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 11, S c o tla n d , N . J ., th ir d d is t r ic t , c l a s s 2 _ 310, 0 00
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 57 , G r a y s lt e e f , M ich ., t w e lf t h d is t r ic t,
c la s s 3 _______________________________________________________
150, 0 00
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 56, N o r th M a n ito u , M ic h ., t w e lf t h d is t r ic t,
c la ss 3 _______________________________________________________
150, 000
L ig h t v e s s e l to r e p la c e N o . 60, E le v e n F o o t, M ic h ., t w e lf t h d is t r ic t,
c la ss 3 _______________________________________________________
150, 0 00

Ge n e r a l T y p e s o f V e s s e l s P r o po s e d .
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N A V IG A T IO N .

D u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r th e r e w a s a n e t in c r e a s e o f o n ly 30 in th e
t o ta l n u m b e r o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n m a in t a in e d b y th e L ig h t h o u s e
S e r v ic e , t h is b e in g th e s m a lle s t in c r e a se in a n u m b e r o f y e a r s , d u e
to th e la r g e n u m b e r o f a id s d is c o n tin u e d . T h e r e w a s a n e t d e c r e a se
o f 49 lig h t s , a n d an in c r e a se o f 4 7 g a s b u o y s , 5 flo a t l ig h t s , a n d 27
u n lig h te d a id s . T h e t o ta l n u m b e r o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n in c o m m is ­
s io n J u n e 3 0, 1921, w a s 16,35G, in c lu d in g 5 ,7 56 l ig h t s o f a ll c la s s e s
a n d 593 f o g s ig n a ls ( n o t i n c lu d in g s o u n d in g b u o y s ) .
D u r i n g th e y e a r 22 n e w a id s w e r e e s ta b lish e d in A la s k a , in c lu d in g
11 lig h t s , 3 g a s a n d b e ll b u o y s , 1 g a s a n d w h is t li n g b u o y , a n d 7 o th e r
a id s. T h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n in A la s k a a t th e e n d
o f th e fisca l y e a r w a s 5 4 8 , b e in g a n e t in c r e a s e o f 13 o v e r t h a t o f th e
p r e c e d in g fisc a l y e a r .
I m p r o v e m e n t in i llu m in a t in g a n d f o g - s ig n a l a p p a r a t u s o f e x is t in g
a id s w a s c o n tin u e d d u r in g t h e y e a r . F i x e d l i g h t s w e r e r e p la c e d b y
fla s h in g o r o c c u lt in g l ig h t s a t 35 s t a t io n s , in c lu d in g 3 l i g h t v e s s e ls ;
in c a n d e s c e n t o il v a p o r l ig h t s w e r e s u b s tit u te d fo r le s s e fficien t illu m i-

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n a n t a t 2 s t a t io n s ; a n d a c e ty le n e or e le c tr ic in c a n d e sc e n t illu m in a n t
w a s su b s tit u te d f o r o th e r illu m in a n t s at Tl s t a t io n s , i n c lu d in g 1 l ig h t
v e s s e l a n d 8 l ig h t e d b u o y s . N e w f o g s ig n a ls w e r e e s ta b lis h e d a t
9 s t a t io n s a n d th e f o g - s i g n a l a p p a r a t u s a t 3 s t a t io n s im p r o v e d
b y th e s u b s t it u t io n o f m o r e e fficien t a p p a r a tu s .
A D M IN IS T R A T IO N .

T h e g e n e r a l o r g a n iz a t io n o f th e S e r v ic e r e m a in e d u n c h a n g e d d u r ­
i n g th e fisca l y e a r .
T h e a p p r o p r ia t io n s fo r th e m a in te n a n c e o f th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e
f o r th e fisc a l y e a r 1 92 2 a re $ 1 ,7 1 1 ,2 5 0 le s s th a n th e e s tim a te s su b ­
m it te d , a n d $ 46 6 ,0 0 0 le s s th a n th e t o ta l m a in te n a n c e a p p r o p r ia tio n s
f o r th e p r e c e d in g fisc a l y e a r , 1921. N o t w it h s t a n d in g t h a t t h e r e h a v e
b ee n r e d u c tio n s in th e c o s ts o f a n u m b e r o f s u p p lie s , a n d a ls o in so m e
w a g e s c a le s a f fe c tin g t h is S e r v ic e , it is d o u b t f u l w h e th e r th e S e r v ic e
c a n be a d e q u a te ly m a in t a in e d d u r in g the, y e a r on th e f u n d s a v a i l ­
a b le w it h o u t p l a c in g a id s o r v e s se ls o u t o f c o m m iss io n .
T h e r e h a s b ee n a m a r k e d im p r o v e m e n t in t h e m a tt e r o f m a in ­
t a in i n g a n a d e q u a te p e r s o n n e l o n t h e v e s s e ls o f t h e L ig h t h o u s e
S e r v ic e , d u e t o th e p a s s in g o f w a r c o n d itio n s . A t t h e e n d o f t h e y e a r
a s y s te m o f l o n g e v it y in c r e a s e o f p a y , a f t e r s ix m o n th s ’ se r v ic e , fo r
th e u n a p p o in te d m em b e r s o f th e c r e w s o f L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e v e s se ls ,
w a s in tr o d u c e d f o r t h e fir s t t im e , g o i n g in to e ffe c t o n J u l y 1, 1921.
I t is b e lie v e d t h is w ill h a v e a n im p o r t a n t e ffe c t in m a in t a in in g a
m o r e e fficien t p e r s o n n e l o n th e se v e s s e ls in t h e f u tu r e . A s y s te m o f
lo n g e v it y p a y in c r e a s e a f t e r fiv e y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e w a s p u t in to e ffe c t
a s r e sp e c ts t h e lig h t h o u s e k e e p e r s N o v e m b e r 1, 1 9 1 8 , a n d h a s b een
o f b en e fit.
S y s t e m a t ic in s p e c t io n s h a v e b ee n c o n tin u e d in th e v a r io u s l i g h t ­
h o u se d is t r ic t s o f t h e te c h n ic a l w o r k , b u s in e s s m e t h o d s , a n d p r o p e r ty
a c c o u n ts.
A s im p le c o s t- k e e p in g s y s te m w a s c o n tin u e d d u r in g t h e y e a r ,
g i v i n g th e c o s t o f th e v a r io u s a c t iv it ie s o f th e S e r v ic e a n d o f th e
p r in c ip a l u n its.
E N G IN E E R IN G

AND

C O N ST R U C T IO N .

T h e m o r e im p o r t a n t ite m s o f c o n s tr u c tio n c o m p le te d d u r in g th e
fisc a l y e a r w e re th e im p r o v e m e n ts a t W o o d s H o le L ig h t h o u s e D e p o t,
M a s s.; H u n t s P o i n t L ig h t a n d F o g - S i g n a l S t a t io n , N e w Y o r k ; r e ­
s t o r in g a n d im p r o v in g th e l ig h t s t a t io n a t E x e c u t io n R o c k s, N e w
Y o r k : th e e r e c tio n o f a p la te s h o p a n d c o a l p o c k e t a t G e n e r a l L ig h t ­
h o u s e D e p o t , T o m p k in s v ille , N . Y . ;. im p r o v in g a id s to n a v ig a t io n ,
E a s t R iv e r , N e w Y o r k ; th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f an u n a tte n d e d l ig h t an d
f o g s ig n a l a t B o w le r s R o c k , V a . ; t h e r e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f C h o p ta n k

116

REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

R iv e r L i g h t S t a t io n , M d .; th e fin a l c o m p le t io n o f a id s to n a v i g a ­
t io n , A t c h a f a la y a E n tr a n c e C h a n n e l, L a . ; t h e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f P o i n t
B o r in q u e n L i g h t S t a t io n , P . R ., o n a n e w s it e ; im p r o v e m e n ts to a id s
to n a v ig a t io n a n d n e w d w e llin g a t G u a n ta n a m o B a y , C u b a ; a n e w
k e e p e r s ’ d w e l l in g , P o r t S a n J u a n , P . R . ; th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a
s y s te m o f a id s to n a v ig a it o n in K e w e e n a w W a t e r w a y , M ic h .; a n d a
s y s te m o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n in F i g h t i n g I s la n d C h a n n e l, M ic h .
O th e r im p o r t a n t w o r k s in p r o g r e ss a t th e c lo se o f th e fisc a l y e a r
in c lu d e d th e f o ll o w i n g : N e w lig h t h o u s e d e p o t a t C h e lse a , M a ss.;
im p r o v in g a id s to n a v ig a t io n in H u d s o n R iv e r , N . Y . ; a l i g h t a n d
f o g - s i g n a l s ta t io n a t G r e a t S a l t P o n d , R . I . ; im p r o v in g a n d e s ta b ­
l i s h i n g n e w a id s , S t. J o h n s R iv e r , F l a .; im p r o v in g a n d e s t a b lis h in g
n e w a id s o n F lo r id a R e e f s , F l a .; im p r o v e m e n t o f a id s o n M is s is s ip p i
R iv e r b e lo w N e w O r le a n s, L a .; n e w f o g s ig n a l f o r G a lv e s to n J e t t y
L i g h t S t a t io n , T e x . ; n e w to w e r a n d d w e llin g , P o i n t J ig u e r o , P . R . ;
im p r o v e m e n ts to a id s to n a v ig a t io n a t C o n n e a u t H a r b o r a n d F a ir p o r t H a r b o r , O h io ; lig h t h o u s e d e p o t, s ix t e e n t h lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t ;
a id s to n a v ig a t io n , A la s k a .
I n r e s t o r in g a id s d a m a g e d b y h u r r ic a n e in th e G u lf o f M e x ic o a n d
b y ice a n d sto r m o n th e A t la n t ic c o a s t, fr o m w h ic h t h is S e r v ic e h a s
su ffe r ed s e v e r e ly in r e c e n t y e a r s , m o re p e r m a n e n t m a te r ia ls o f c o n ­
s tr u c t io n h a v e b e e n u se d a n d t y p e s o f s tr u c tu r e s d e s ig n e d a n d
a d o p te d , so fa r a s a v a ila b le f u n d s p e r m itte d , w it h a v ie w to g r e a te r
p e r m a n e n c y , e fficie n c y , a n d e c o n o m y o f f u t u r e m a in te n a n c e .
I M P R O V E M E N T S IN A P P A R A T U S A N D E Q U I P M E N T .

B e s id e s th e r a d io f o g - s i g n a l in s t a lla t io n s d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , o th e r
im p r o v e m e n ts h a v e b ee n m a d e a s f o ll o w s :
R a d io e q u ip m e n t w a s in s ta lle d o n 3 l ig h t v e s se ls a n d o n 1 te n d e r
d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r . A t th e e n d o f t h e y e a r 4 5 l i g h t v e s s e ls a n d
2 8 te n d e r s w e r e e q u ip p e d w it h r a d io a p p a r a t u s .
I m p r o v e m e n ts o f in te r c o a s ta l c o m m u n ic a tio n b y th e in s t a lla t io n
o f te le p h o n e s a t l ig h t s t a t io n s w e r e c o n t in u e d d u r in g th e y e a r b y th e
C o a s t G u a r d . O n J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , 2 8 0 l i g h t s t a t io n s h a d te le p h o n e
c o n n e c tio n s .
A n a u to m a tic a e r ia l f o g b e ll, h a v in g a s t r ik in g m e c h a n is m , s im ila r
to th o se a lr e a d y in o p e r a tio n a t t w o s t a t io n s in th e f if t h lig h t h o u s e
d is tr ic t , w a s in s ta lle d a t B o w le r s R o c k , R a p p a h a n n o c k R iv e r , Y a .
A r r a n g e m e n ts h a v e b e e n m a d e w it h th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t f o r th e
in s t a lla t io n o f r a d io te le p h o n e s a t S c o tc h C a p a n d C a p e S a r ic h e f
L i g h t S t a t io n s , s o u t h w e s t e r n A la s k a , w h ic h w i l l be in s t a lle d t h is
p r e s e n t su m m e r . O w in g to th e is o la t io n o f th e se s t a t io n s c o m m u n i­
c a tio n w it h th e m b y r a d io sh o u ld p r o v e v e r y v a lu a b le . T h e e le v e n th
lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t is a ls o t a k in g m e a s u r e s f o r w ir e le s s -t e le p h o n e
a p p a r a t u s a t is o la t e d s ta tio n s .

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T h e n e w t a ll t y p e m e t a l c o n e b u o y , d e s ig n e d to r e p la c e w o o d e n
b u o y s u se d in s h o a l-w a te r c h a n n e ls , h a s p r o v e d e fficien t a n d 50 h a v e
b e e n p la c e d in s e r v ic e in t h e th ir d lig h t h o u s e d is tr ic t . T h r e e la r g e r
b u o y s o f t h is t y p e are n o w b e in g b u ilt f o r te s t.
W i t h th e g r o w t h o f c o m m e r c ia l a n d o th e r e le c tr ic g e n e r a t in g
p la n t s a n d th e e x te n s io n o f r e lia b le e le c tr ic c u r r e n t to t h e n e ig h b o r ­
h o o d o f l i g h t s t a t io n s , t h e r e h a s b e en a n in c r e a s in g u se o f e le c t r ic it y
d u r in g t h e y e a r f o r la m p s in le n se s a n d f o r f o g - s i g n a l p u r p o s e s .
A d e s ig n f o r a g o n g b u o y , to g i v e a so u n d d is t in c t iv e fr o m th e b e ll
b u o y , is u n d e r w a y .
E x p e r im e n t s a n d t e s t s w e re c o n tin u e d d u r in g th e y e a r w it h v a r i­
o u s d e v ic e s a n d e q u ip m e n t u se d in lig h t h o u s e w o r k , r e s u lt in g in
im p r o v e m e n ts a n d o p e n in g u p n e w lin e s o f in v e s t ig a t io n ; a f o g s ig n a l t e s t in g s t a t io n h a s b e e n c o m p le te d a t E x e c u t io n R o c k s , N . Y .,
a n d im p r o v e m e n ts in t h e s u p p ly a n d s to r a g e o f c h e a p e r g r a d e s o f
k e r o se n e a t f o g - s i g n a l s t a t io n s a r e b e in g m a d e.
PERSO NNEL.

O n J u n e 3 0 , 1921, t h e r e w e r e 5 ,9 2 2 p e r s o n s e m p lo y e d in th e L i g h t ­
h o u s e S e r v ic e , in c lu d in g 93 t e c h n ic a l, 155 c le r ic a l, a n d 5 ,6 7 4 c o n ­
n e c te d w it h l i g h t s t a t io n s , v e s se ls , a n d d e p o ts . T h is is a d e c r e a se o f
80 fr o m th e la s t a n n u a l r e p o r t. T h is S e r v ic e is c h a r g e d w it h th e
m a in te n a n c e o f a id s to n a v ig a t io n a lo n g 4 9 ,0 1 2 s ta t u t e m ile s o f c o a st
lin e a n d r iv e r c h a n n e l.
-

S A V IN G O F L I F E A N D P R O P E R T Y .

D u r i n g th e fisc a l y e a r s e r v ic e s in s a v in g l i f e a n d p r o p e r ty w e re
r e n d e r e d a n d a c ts o f h e r o is m p e r fo r m e d b y e m p lo y e e s o f th e L i g h t ­
h o u s e S e r v ic e o n 125 o c c a s io n s . M a n y o f th e se a c ts w e re e s p e c ia lly
m e r ito r io u s a n d th e e m p lo y e e s w e r e i n d iv id u a lly c o m m e n d e d b y th e
S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m er c e.
L IG H T H O U SE D E P O T S.

A lig h t h o u s e d e p o t, v e r y m u c h n e e d e d f o r th e A la s k a d is t r ic t , h a s
b e e n p a r t ia l ly b u ilt a t K e t c h ik a n , A la s k a , u n d e r a p p r o p r ia t io n s o f
$ 9 0 ,0 0 0 a n d $ 1 2 ,0 0 0 . W h ile th e w h a r f a n d sto r e h o u s e h a v e b e e n p u t
in u se d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r , th e f u n d s a r e n o t su ffic ie n t to c o m p le te
th e d e p o t.
W o r k o n th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f a n e w lig h t h o u s e d e p o t a t C h e lse a ,
M a s s., f o r th e se c o n d lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t , u n d e r a n a p p r o p r ia t io n o f
$ 8 5 ,0 0 0 m a d e b y a c t o f J u l y 1 ,1 9 1 8 , w a s in p r o g r e s s a t th e e n d o f th e
fisc a l y e a r , b u t th e a m o u n t w i l l b e in su ffic ie n t to c o m p le te th e d e p o t.
U n d e r th e a llo t m e n t o f $ 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 , in A u g u s t , 1 9 1 8 , fr o m f u n d s fo r
n a t io n a l s e c u r it y a n d d e f e n s e , a n e w p la te a n d b o ile r s h o p , a n e w s h e d

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

f o r th e s to r a g e o f ir o n b a r s a n d s h a p e s , a n d a n e w c o a l p o c k e t h a v e
b ee n c o m p le te d .
T h e a c t o f J u n e 2 0 , 1918, a u th o r iz e d $ 2 75 ,0 0 0 f o r im p r o v e m e n ts a t
th e lig h t h o u s e d e p o t a t P o r t s m o u t h , V a ., o r e s t a b lis h in g a n e w d e p o t,
b u t n o a p p r o p r ia t io n h a s b e e n m a d e f o r t h is w o r k . T h is is t h e p r in ­
c ip a l d e p o t o f o n e o f th e la r g e s t lig h t h o u s e d is t r ic t s a n d is th e h e a d ­
q u a r te r s f o r fiv e te n d e r s a n d tw o l i g h t v e s se ls d u r in g th e g r e a te r
p a r t o f th e y e a r . T h e f a c i l it ie s fo r b e r t h in g th e se v e s s e ls a r e e n t ir e ly
in a d e q u a t e , a n d th e e ffic ie n t o p e r a tio n o f th e v e s se ls is m u c h h a m ­
p e r e d in c o n se q u e n c e . T h e in a d e q u a c y o f sp a c e f o r s t o r in g a n d
h a n d lin g b u o y s a lso c a u se s m u c h d e la y a n d lo ss .
fo r t h is d e p o t a re u r g e n t ly n e c e ssa r y .

I n c r e a s e d f a c i l it ie s

T E N D E R S A N D L IG H T V E S S E L S .

T h e te n d e r s o f t h e S e r v ic e h a v e b e e n in o p e r a tio n t h r o u g h o u t th e
y e a r , e x c e p t o n e w h ic h w a s la id u p a p a r t o f th e y e a r ' b e c a u se o f
la c k o f fu n d s . T h e r e a re 55 te n d e r s in c o m m iss io n , a n d t h e y h a v e
s te a m e d a t o t a l o f a b o u t 4 6 5 ,0 0 0 n a u t ic a l m ile s in t h e ir w o r k o f m a in ­
t a in in g b u o y a g e , c a r r y in g s u p p lie s a n d c o n s tr u c tio n m a te r ia ls to
s ta t io n s , s u p p ly i n g l ig h t v e s s e ls w it h c o a l, w a te r , e tc ., a lso t r a n s ­
p o r t in g officers a n d e m p lo y e e s to s t a t io n s o r o n in s p e c t io n d u t y ; a lso
d u t y in c o o p e r a t in g w it h o t h e r G o v e r n m e n t s e r v ic e s a n d s a v in g o f
l i f e a n d p r o p e r ty , w h e n th e o c c a sio n r e q u ire d .
T w o t e n d e r s , t h e Oak a n d H aw thorn , a re b e in g c o n s tr u c te d to
r e p la c e th e c o n d e m n e d t e n d e r Gardenia a n d th e n e a r ly w o r n -o u t
t e n d e r Jessamine. T h e n e w te n d e r s a re n e a r ly c o m p le te d .
P la n s a n d s p e c if ic a tio n s are b e in g p r e p a r e d f o r th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f
a te n d e r f o r th e fo u r te e n t h d is t r ic t to r e p la c e 4116 t e n d e r Goldenrod ,
w h ic h is p r a c t ic a lly w o r n o u t.
A s m a ll te n d e r , th e A ster , i s b e in g b u ilt f o r u se a lo n g th e in te r c o a s ta l w a t e r w a y s o f T e x a s a n d L o u is ia n a .
T w o n e w l i g h t v e s se ls w e r e c o m p le te d d u r in g th e fisc a l y e a r a n d
a s s ig n e d to th e G r e a t L a k e s . A n o t h e r n e w l ig h t v e s s e l, a u th o r iz e d
b y a c t o f N o v e m b e r 4 , 1919, is in c o u r s e o f c o n s tr u c tio n a n d is n e a r ly
50 p e r c e n t c o m p le te d . T h is v e s se l is to b e m o o r e d o n D ia m o n d
S h o a l. N . C ., to r e p la c e t h e v e s se l s u n k b y a G e r m a n su b m a r in e in
A u g u s t , 1918. F i v e n e w l i g h t v e s s e ls o f th e se c o n d c la s s w e r e c o n ­
tr a c te d f o r s h o r t ly a f t e r th e e n d o f th e fis c a l y e a r .
A t t h e c lo se o f th e fis c a l y e a r 6 2 l i g h t v e s s e ls w e r e in c o m m iss io n .

A p p e n d ix

G .— A B S T R A C T

O F

T H E

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A N D

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SU R V E Y .

(E . L e s t e r J o n e s , D ir e c to r .)
NEEDS

OF THE

BUREAU.

A m o s t im p o r t a n t m a tt e r to be b r o u g h t to y o u r a t te n t io n is th e
c o n d itio n o f th e B u r e a u a s a f u n c t io n in g o r g a n iz a t io n . I t is n o t u p
to th e m a x im u m o f p r o d u c t io n , d u e p r im a r ily to in a d e q u a te s a la r ie s
t h r o u g h o u t th e se r v ic e . C o n g r e s s d id p r e v e n t c o m p le te d is in t e g r a ­
t io n o f th e B u r e a u w h e n it g a v e r e c o g n it io n to th e fie ld officers, a n d
th e ir p a y is n o w f a i r l y c o m m e n s u r a te w it h t h e d u t ie s p e r fo r m e d , b u t
th e r e are o th e r h i g h l y t e c h n ic a l a s w e ll a s n o n te c h n ic a l e m p lo y e e s
o f th e B u r e a u w h o h a v e b een r e ta in e d o n ly t h r o u g h th e h o p e a n d c o n ­
tin u e d p r o m is e s o f r e c la s s if ic a tio n t h a t h a v e b een h e ld o u t to th e m ;
b u t n o w t h e t e c h n ic a l e m p lo y e e s a n d o th e r s t h a t a re h i g h l y q u a lifie d ,
t h o u g h n o t m e m b e r s o f th e te c h n ic a l f o r c e , a r e o p e n ly s i g n i f y i n g
t h e ir in t e n t io n s o f l e a v i n g th e B u r e a u to b e c o m e id e n tifie d w it h o th e r
b r a n c h e s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t s e r v ic e o r to e n t e r o u t s id e e m p lo y m e n t
w h e r e th e s a la r ie s a r e m o r e c o m m e n su r a te w it h th e ir a b i li t y a n d t h e
c h a r a c te r o f w o r k a c t u a lly p e r fo r m e d b y th e m . T h is w i l l b e a lo s s to
th e c o u n t r y , to t h e B u r e a u , a n d to th e in d iv id u a l, b e c a u se th e B u r e a u
h a s a fie ld o f its o w n n o t p a r a lle le d a n y w h e r e e ls e in t h is c o u n t r y , a n d
c o n s e q u e n tly th e e m p lo y e e le a v i n g c a n n o t f u l l y a p p ly a n y w h e r e e ls e
th e s k i ll h e h a s a t ta in e d in th e B u r e a u , n o r c a n h e b e r e p la c e d b y
a n o th e r e m p lo y e e o f m a tu r e s k ill a n d j u d g m e n t in c a r r y in g o n th e
w o r k o f t h e B u r e a u . I t w a s o n ly th e z e a l, p a in s t a k in g c a r e , an d
e x t r a e ffo r ts o f th e se se a so n e d e m p lo y e e s , im b u e d w it h th e o ld - t im e
t r a d it io n t h a t th e B u r e a u sh o u ld s e t th e s ta n d a r d o f s c ie n tif ic e x a c t ­
n e ss , t h a t p r e v e n te d th e d is in t e g r a t io n w h ic h w o u ld m e a n t h e lo ss o f
f id e lit y o f o u r n a u t ic a l c h a r ts , t id e t a b le s , c u r r e n t, m a g n e tic , a n d t r i ­
a n g u la t io n d a ta . I t m a y b e o f in te r e s t to s ta t e t h a t m a n y o f th e se
u n d e r p a id te c h n ic a l e m p lo y e e s , a s w e ll a s th o s e o f th e le ss t e c h n ic a l
w o r k e r s , a re c o m p e lle d to r e so r t to o u t s id e w o r k u n d e r t h e m o st t r y ­
i n g c o n d it io n s in c o n n e c tio n w it h t h e ir r e g u la r d u t ie s in o r d e r to
m a k e a liv e lih o o d . I c a n n o t e m p h a s iz e to o s t r o n g ly t h a t u n le s s t h is
f u n d a m e n t a l tr o u b le is s o o n c o r r e c te d a d is in t e g r a t io n o f th e s e r v ic e
119

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

w ill c o n tin u e , w it h

d is a s tr o u s r e s u lts o f w h ic h th e G o v e r n m e n t a n d

th e p u b lic w ill fe e l th e e ffe c t f o r y e a r s to co m e .

A n o th e r p h a se o f th e s a la r y q u e s tio n is im p o r t a n t e n o u g h to b r in g
to y o u r a t te n t io n , r e it e r a t in g w h a t h a s b e e n s a id in fo r m e r r e p o r ts
c o n c e r n in g t h is B u r e a u . I t in v o lv e s t h e e n tr a n c e s a la r ie s , w h ic h are
to o lo w to a t tr a c t t h o s e w h o h a v e t h e b a sic e d u c a tio n r e q u ir e d f o r t h e
s p e c ific w o r k in v o lv e d . I n s t e a d o f b e in g in a p o s it io n t o a c c e p t o n ly
th o s e w h o m ee t th e n e c e ss a r y r e q u ir e m e n ts, t h e B u r e a u h a s to ta k e
m e n w it h in f e r io r q u a lific a tio n s a n d h o ld th e m s im p ly a s “ t e m ­
p o r a r ie s .” I f t h e y s h o w s p e c ia l a p t it u d e f o r t h e w o r k t h e ir s o jo u r n
in th e B u r e a u is o f s h o r t d u r a tio n , f o r th e p r e s e n t r a te o f p a y is
to o s m a ll to h o ld th e m . T h e y a re b e n e fite d b y t h e h e lp a n d c o a c h ­
i n g o f m o r e e x p e r ie n c e d m e n , a n d th e n le a v e f o r m o r e lu c r a t iv e
p o s itio n s . T h e b a la n c e o f th e se t e m p o r a r y e m p lo y e e s w h o d o n o t
im p r o v e o r m e a s u r e u p to a f a ir s ta n d a r d e v e n t u a lly m u s t b e
d r o p p e d ; a n d so it g o e s o n , y e a r a f t e r y e a r , w it h a n a n n u a l t u r n o v e r
o f 50 to 100 p e r c e n t. T h is m e th o d o f d o in g b u s in e s s is w a s t e f u l
fr o m e v e r y p o in t o f v ie w . U n t i l t h e lo n g -r e c o m m e n d e d c h a n g e f o r
e q u ita b le s a la r ie s is m a d e , j u s t so lo n g w i l l t h is u n e c o n o m ic a l c o n d i­
t io n e x is t .
NEW

nmi,OING

RE QU IRE D.

A n o t h e r s e r io u s c o n d itio n t h a t p r e v e n ts t h is B u r e a u f u n c t io n in g to
th e f u ll e s t e x t e n t , a n d w h ic h I h a v e d w e lt o n a t le n g t h in p r e v io u s
r e p o r ts , is th e u t t e r ly in a d e q u a te s p a c e in w h ic h it is h o u s e d a n d a
la c k o f p r o p e r a n d s a n ita r y q u a r te r s.
T h e B u r e a u is o p e r a t in g in e ig h t b u ild in g s , fiv e la r g e r a n d t h r e e
s m a lle r , a ll b u t t w o m o re o r le s s d e ta c h e d a n d c o n n e c te d a s f a r a s i t
i s f e a s ib le b y c o m m u n ic a tin g b r id g e s. T w o o f th e m a in b u ild in g s
w e r e d e s ig n e d a n d b u ilt f o r d w e llin g s a n d o n e o f th e m w a s u s e d f o r
t h a t p u r p o s e . O n e o f t h e sm a lle r b u ild in g s w a s b u ilt f o r a n d u se d
a s a s ta b le , a n d a n o th e r t w o o f th e m a in b u ild in g s w e r e d e s ig n e d a n d
c o n s tr u c te d f o r u se a s a h o te l a n d w e r e r e n te d t o t h e G o v e r n m e n t
f o r th e u se o f t h is B u r e a u fr o m 1871 to 1891, w h e n t h e y w e r e s o ld to
t h e G o v e r n m e n t t o h o u s e p a r t o f t h is B u r e a u .
A s t h e w o r k o f , t h e B u r e a u c e n te r s la r g e ly in t h e c o n s tr u c tio n a n d
p r o d u c tio n o f n a u t ic a l c h a r ts , a n d i t i s t h e r e f o r e a m a n u f a c t o r y , th e
B u r e a u o p e r a te s u n d e r a s in g le h a n d ic a p in b u ild in g s so l i t t l e s u ite d
to i t s n e e d s. I t is a m a tt e r o f e c o n o m y to p r o v id e a r e sp e c ta b le b u ild ­
i n g f o r t h is s e r v ic e — it is a w a s te t o c o n tin u e u n d e r e x is t in g c o n d i­
tio n s .
A D D IT IO N A L

SU R V EY

VESSELS

NEEDED.

I n t h e a n n u a l r e p o r ts o f t h is D e p a r t m e n t f o r r e c e n t y e a r s , an d
p a r t ic u la r ly in th e a n n u a l r e p o r t f o r 1920, th e u r g e n t n e e d f o r

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121

s p e e d in g u p th e s u r v e y o f A la s k a w a s d is c u ss e d in c o n s id e r a b le
le n g th . T h is c o n d itio n o f la c k o f a d e q u a te s u r v e y s to m e e t th e
r e q u ir e m e n ts o f c o m m e r c e t h r o u g h A la s k a n w a te r s s t i l l e x is t s , a n d
s in c e th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t h a t v a s t t e r r it o r y is s t e a d ily in c r e a s in g ,
th e la c k o f s u r v e y s m u s t, o f n e c e s s ity , b e c o m e m o re c r it ic a l e ac h
s u c c e e d in g y e a r , u n le s s f u n d s f o r e q u ip m e n t, in e x c e s s o f a n y t h in g
t h a t h a s b e en p r o v id e d h e r e to f o r e , a r e m a d e a v a ila b le f o r g r e a te r
s u r v e y in g a c tiv itie s .
T h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y h a s b ee n s t e a d ily e n g a g e d u p o n
th e s u r v e y o f th e se w a t e r s , e x c e p t d u r in g th e tw o y e a r s t h a t t h is
c o u n tr y w a s a t w a r . C a r e f u l c o n s id e r a tio n h a s b e en g iv e n to i n ­
c r e a s in g th e e fficie n c y o f th e se p a r t ie s w it h th e r e su lt t h a t e a c h p a r t y
is n o w t u r n in g o u t th e m a x im u m p o s s ib le a m o u n t o f w o r k c o n s is te n t
w it h it s e q u ip m e n t.
C o n se q u e n tly , w e c a n n o t e x p e c t t o r ed u c e
a n n u a lly th e u n s u r v e y e d a r e a s in a n y g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n t h a n w e
are n o w d o in g . T h e o n ly s o lu t io n o f th e p r o b le m , th e r e f o r e , a p p e a r s
to be th e a s s ig n m e n t o f m o re s u r v e y in g p a r tie s to A la s k a . T h is
m e a n s m ore s u r v e y s h ip s a n d la u n c h e s.
U p o n t h e t e r m in a tio n o f h o s t ilit ie s w it h t h e C e n tr a l P o w e r s th e
D e p a r t m e n t m a d e a c a r e f u l c a n v a s s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t’s flo a t in g
e q u ip m e n t to d e te r m in e w h a t v e s s e ls a n d la u n c h e s c o u ld b e t r a n s ­
fe r r e d to th e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y . A s a r e s u lt o f t h is c a n v a s s ,
se v e n ste a m v e s s e ls a n d e ig h t p o w e r la u n c h e s w e r e t r a n s fe r r e d fr o m
t h e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t . T h e s e w e r e a ll y a c h t s o r s m a ll p le a su r e c r a ft
t h a t h a d b ee n c o m m a n d e e r e d b y th e N a v y f o r m ilit a r y p u r p o s e s
a n d w e r e n o lo n g e r r e q u ir e d b y t h a t d e p a r tm e n t.
T h e s e v e s se ls w e r e ta k e n o v e r b y t h is D e p a r t m e n t r e lu c t a n t ly
b e ca u se t h e y w e r e f a r fr o m id e a l s u r v e y in g v e s se ls , b u t w it h th e
h o p e t h a t t h e y w o u ld , in a m e a su r e , t e m p o r a r ily m e e t th e n e e d s o f
th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y u n t il t h e y c o u ld be r e p la c e d b y
s u ita b le v e s se ls. T h r e e o f th e la r g e r v e s se ls a n d tw o o f th e la u n c h e s
w e r e r e tu r n e d w it h in a f e w m o n th s, w h e n i t w a s f o u n d t h a t n o u se
w h a te v e r c o u ld be m a d e o f th e m . T h e o th e r s are n o w o p e r a t in g w it h
s u r v e y in g p a r tie s . T h e y a re f a r fr o m e fficien t, b u t s t ill a r e b e tte r
th a n n o n e . T h e s e v e s s e ls j u s t a b o u t r e p la c e t h e o ld flo a t in g e q u ip ­
m e n t o f th e B u r e a u w h ic h h a d w o r n o u t in s e r v ic e a n d w a s r e a d y
f o r c o n d e m n a tio n a t th e o u tb r e a k o f t h e w a r .
I f th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y is to s p e e d u p it s s u r v e y in g
o p e r a tio n s in A la s k a to m e e t th e in c r e a s in g n e e d s o f c o m m e r c e
th e r e , i t is a b s o lu te ly n e c e ss a r y t h a t s e v e r a l n e w v e s se ls d e s ig n e d an d
b u ilt f o r th e p u r p o se b e p r o v id e d , a n d u n t il th e se a re o b ta in e d th e
p r e se n t d e p lo r a b le la c k o f s u r v e y s w i l l c o n t in u e a n d w ill b e c om e e v e n
w o r se e a c h s u c c e e d in g y e a r .
T h e r e a r e n o v e s s e ls a n y w h e r e in t h e G o v e r n m e n t s e r v ic e w h ic h c an
b e s p a r e d fr o m t h e ir p r e s e n t u se to s u p p le m e n t th e C o a s t a n d G e o ­

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d e t ic S u r v e y fleet. T h e y a r e, o f c o u r s e , m is c e lla n e o u s a sso r tm e n ts
o f d is c a r d e d v e s se ls in o th e r se r v ic e s o f th e G o v e r n m e n t s u c h a s th e
N a v y a n d t h e E m e r g e n c y F l e e t C o r p o r a tio n , b u t th e se v e s s e ls are
e it h e r so la r g e t h a t t h e y c a n n o t b e o p e r a te d e ffic ie n tly o n s u r v e y in g
w o r k , or a re so o ld a n d w o r n o u t t h a t th e c o s t o f p u t t in g th e m in
o p e r a t in g c o n d itio n w o u ld a p p r o x im a t e th e c o s t o f b u ild in g n e w
v e sse ls.
I t h a s b e en f o u n d t h a t a v e s se l o f 1 ,00 0 to n s d is p la c e m e n t is la r g e
e n o u g h f o r a ll r e q u ir e m e n ts o f h y d r o g r a p h ic s u r v e y in g .
C o n se ­
q u e n t ly , w h e n it is r e a liz e d t h a t th e c o s t o f o p e r a t in g a v e s se l i n ­
c r e a se s r a p i d ly w it h t h e s iz e o f th e v e s se l, i t w i l l b e se e n t h a t to
u t il i z e a v e s se l o f s e v e r a l th o u s a n d to n s d is p la c e m e n t, w h e r e a 1,000to n v e sse l is su ffic ie n t, is b a d b u s in e s s a n d w o u ld n o t b e t o le r a te d
in a n y c o m m e r c ia l e n te r p r is e .
T h e B u r e a u n o w h a s o n ly 11 s u r v e y in g v e s s e ls b e tw e e n 100 a n d
1 ,00 0 to n s d is p la c e m e n t a n d tw o u n d e r 100 t o n s , t w o o f w h ic h b e lo n g
to th e P h i l ip p in e G o v e r n m e n t. T h r e e o n ly o f th e se v e s s e ls c a n w o r k
in e x p o s e d lo c a lit ie s a n d t h e o th e r s m u s t b e e m p lo y e d o n ly w h e r e
s h e lt e r c a n b e h a d d u r in g s to r m y w e a th e r . S e v e n o f th e s e v e s se ls ,
la r g e a n d s m a ll, a re c o n s id e r e d r e a lly e fficien t f o r t h e w o r k o n w h ic h
t h e y c a n b e e m p lo y e d , a n d th e o th e r s a re o n ly m a k e s h if ts . T h is is
t h e e q u ip m e n t w it h w h ic h th e B u r e a u m u s t k e e p u p - t o -d a t e s u r v e y s
o f th e A t l a n t i c , G u lf , a n d P a c ific c o a s ts o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s a n d
e x te n d th e h y d r o g r a p h y o u t to th e e d g e o f th e c o n t in e n t a l s h e l f ;
s u r v e y A la s k a , P o r t o R ic o , V i r g in I s la n d s , H a w a i i, a n d t h e P h i l ­
ip p in e s , a n d m a k e su c h s p e c ia l s u r v e y s a s m a y b e r e q u e ste d b y o th e r
b u r e a u s o f th e G o v e r n m e n t.
NEED

FO R

T ID A L

AND

CURRENT

W ORK.

T h e B u r e a u is c h a r g e d w it h m a k in g th e t id a l a n d c u r r e n t o b se r ­
v a t io n s a lo n g t h e c o a s t o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s . I t h a s a p e r s o n n e l
tr a in e d in t h is p a r t ic u la r lin e a n d i t s w o r k is d u p lic a te d in n o w a y
b y a n y o th e r o r g a n iz a t io n . T h e a n n u a l t id e t a b le s h a se b e e n b r o u g h t
to a s ta n d a r d w h ic h m a y b e c o n s id e r e d su ffic ie n t, r a n k in g w e ll w it h
th e p u b lis h e d ta b le s o f a n y o th e r n a t io n . T h e B u r e a u h a s f o r m a n y
y e a r s , h o w e v e r , b e e n h a n d ic a p p e d b y in su ffic ie n t f u n d s to c a r r y o u t
e v e n a m o d e st p r o g r a m o f w o r k f o r t h e d e t e r m in a tio n o f c u r r e n t
v e lo c itie s . A n d t h is is a v it a l f a c t o r in th e s a f e t y o f c o a s tw is e n a v i ­
g a t io n .
T h e S u r v e y h a s m a d e u s e o f e v e r y a v a ila b le m e a n s f o r s e c u r in g
o b s e r v a tio n s f o r th e s t u d y o f c u r r e n t c o n d itio n s a lo n g th e c o a sts.
B y c o o p e r a tio n w it h th e L ig h t h o u s e S e r v ic e c u r r e n t o b s e r v a tio n s
h a v e b e e n o b ta in e d a t a m in im u m c o s t o n th e l i g h t v e s s e ls o f b o th
c o a s ts . T h is h a s b een a b i g s te p t o w a r d s a f e g u a r d in g t h e c o a s tw is e
c o m m e r c e , b u t t h e o b s e r v a tio n s t h u s o b ta in e d f u lf i ll o n ly in p a r t th e

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n e e d in o r d e r to r e a ch c o n c lu s iv e r e su lt s , a n d g i v e th e n a v ig a to r
su ffic ie n t in f o r m a t io n to k e e p h is v e s se l o ffsh o r e in th ic k w e a th e r ,
b e c a u s e o f th e f a c t t h a t t h e l i g h t v e s se ls a r e so w id e ly d is tr ib u te d ,
p a r t ic u la r ly a lo n g th e P a c if ic c o a s t w h e r e c u r r e n t c o n d itio n s a re
m o s t c o m p lic a te d . A n in c r e a se in th e a p p r o p r ia tio n b y a m o d e st
a m o u n t o n ly w o u ld p e r m it o f s e c u r in g s h o r t s e r ie s o f o b s e r v a tio n s
b e tw e e n t h e l i g h t v e s se ls , lin k in g t o g e t h e r t h e o b s e r v a tio n s m a d e at
t h e v e s s e ls , a n d p e r m it t in g t h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y to issu e
c u r r e n t p r e d ic t io n s f o r t h e w h o le c o a st o f in e s t im a b le v a lu e to th e
n a v ig a t o r . T h is w o u ld m e a n a v a s t s a v in g , b o th in l iv e s a n d p r o p ­
e r t y , b y d e c r e a s in g th e n u m b e r o f w r e c k s in c o a s ta l w a te r s, c a u se d b y
a n in su ffic ie n t k n o w le d g e o f c o a s ta l c u r r e n t c o n d itio n s .
T h e p o r t o f N e w Y o r k , th e c o n te m p la te d d e v e lo p m e n t o f w h ic h
w i l l m a k e i t b y f a r t h e g r e a te s t h a r b o r in th e w o r ld , is g r e a t ly in
n e e d o f s y s te m a tic t id a l a n d c u r r e n t s u r v e y , b o th f o r th e u se o f th e
m a r in e r , b y f u r n is h i n g m o re a c c u r a te c u r r e n t p r e d ic t io n s f o r th e
d o c k in g o f la r g e v e s se ls , a n d a ls o f o r t h e e n g in e e r s c h a r g e d w it h th e
d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e h a r b o r . A b e g in n in g h a s b e e n m a d e , so f a r as
f u n d s w o u ld p e r m it, b y th e s e c u r in g o f c u r r e n t o b s e r v a tio n s s c a t ­
te r e d o v e r th e h a r b o r , b u t t h e c o m p lic a te d p r o b le m , d u e to th e fa c t
t h a t th e h a r b o r is m a d e u p o f a b a y , a t id a l r iv e r , a n d t w o s tr a its
c o n n e c t in g in d e p e n d e n t t id a l b o d ie s , m a k e s n e c e ss a r y simultaneous
c u r r e n t o b s e r v a tio n s o v e r th e a r ea b e fo r e c o n c lu s iv e r e su lts c an p o s ­
s ib ly b e r e ach ed .
E n g in e e r s , b o th c iv il a n d m ilit a r y , a s w e ll a s th e m a r in e r , a r e lo o k ­
i n g to t h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , a s a t id a l a u t h o r it y , f o r th e
s o lv i n g o f th e in tr ic a te p r o b le m s in v o lv e d . T h e p r e s e n t s t a t u s o f
a p p r o p r ia t io n f o r t id a l a n d c u r r e n t w o r k w ill n o t p e r m it su c h a
s tu d y .
OCEAN

SURVEYS.

A n o t h e r s u b je c t t h a t s h o u ld r e c e iv e e a r ly a t te n t io n b y t h is B u r e a u
is o c e a n s u r v e y s. F r o m 1845 u n t il 1 8 6 0 th e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic
S u r v e y , th e n k n o w n a s th e C o a s t S u r v e y , e m p lo y e d o n e o r m o re
v e s se ls a lm o s t c o n t in u o u s ly o n d e e p -se a h y d r o g r a p h y in th e A t la n t ic
O c e a n c o n t ig u o u s to o u r c o a s t a n d p r in c ip a lly a lo n g th e G u l f S tr e a m .
T h i s w o r k w a s in te r r u p t e d b e tw e e n 1860 a n d 1867, b u t w a s th e n r e ­
s u m e d a n d w a s c a r r ie d fo r w a r d w it h o n ly s h o r t in te r r u p t io n s u n t il
1890. S in c e t h a t t im e t h is B u r e a u h a s m a d e o n ly m in o r c o n t r ib u ­
t io n s to o u r p r e v io u s k n o w le d g e o f t h e d e e p w a te r s o ff o u r s h o r e s
a n d t h r o u g h w h ic h a ll o u r s h ip p in g , e x c e p t th e c o a s tw is e , m u s t p a ss.
T h e e a r lie r w o r k w a s p e r fo r m e d m o s t ly fr o m s a il i n g v e s se ls an d
w it h s u c h c r u d e a p p a r a t u s t h a t in c o m p le te a n d o f t e n c o n tr a d ic to r y
r e s u lt s w e r e o b ta in e d . T h e la te r w o r k , p a r t ic u la r y t h a t o f M it c h e ll,
:S ig sb e e , B a r t le t t , a n d P ills b u r y , w a s e x c e lle n t b u t w a s , o f c o u r se ,

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lim it e d in d e ta il to th e c a p a c it y o f th e in s tr u m e n ts t h a t h a d b een
d e v ise d u p to t h e ir tim e . T h is w o r k , h o w e v e r , w a s c o n fin e d t o th e
A t l a n t i c O c e a n , G u lf o f M e x ic o , a n d th e C a r ib b e a n S e a , a n d p r in ­
c ip a ll y to a n e x p lo r a t io n o f th e G u l f S t r e a m ; i t w a s d is c o n tin u e d ,
n o t b e c a u se su ffic ie n t in fo r m a tio n h a d b ee n o b ta in e d o r a n y o f th e
la r g e p r o b le m s o f o c e a n o g r a p h y h a d b e en s o lv e d , b u t b e c a u se v e s s e ls
w e r e n o lo n g e r a v a ila b le f o r t h is w o r k , a n d a ls o to c a r r y o n in s h o r e
s u r v e y in g , th e d e m a n d f o r w h ic h h a d b ee n in s is t e n t. C o n se q u e n tly ,
in v e s t ig a t io n s in o c e a n o g r a p h y h a d to g i v e w a y to h y d r o g r a p h y t h a t
w a s m o re u r g e n t ly n e e d e d th e n b y o u r m e r c h a n t m a r in e .
S in c e th e w a r t h e r e h a s d e v e lo p e d a v e r y u r g e n t d e m a n d f o r m o re
e x a c t in fo r m a tio n c o n c e r n in g th e o c e a n s, a n d in p a r t ic u la r th e A t ­
la n tic a n d P a c ific . T h is d e m a n d c o m e s fr o m s c ie n t is t s , a s w e ll a s
fr o m m a r in e r s , fish e r m e n , a n d c a r to g r a p h e r s , a n d t h e in f o r m a t io n
s o u g h t c o n c e r n s th e a d v a n c e m e n t a n d w e lf a r e o f th e c o u n t r y in
m a n y r e sp e c ts . T h e r e w o u ld r e su lt fr o m a b e tte r k n o w le d g e o f th e
o c e a n s d ir e c t s a v in g s fr o m a d e c r e a se d lo ss o f s h ip s , th e ir p a s s e n g e r s
a n d c a r g o e s ; fr o m s h o r te r a n d q u ic k e r p a s s a g e s ; a n d fr o m r e d u c e d
p a s s e n g e r , f r e ig h t , a n d in s u r a n c e r a te s, b e c a u s e o f th e g r e a te r s a f e t y .
T h e r e w o u ld r e su lt a b e tte r k n o w le d g e o f th e p r e se n t f is h in g b a n k s ;
th e d is c o v e r y o f n e w fis h in g b a n k s; a n d a b e tte r k n o w le d g e o f t h e
d is t r ib u t io n a n d m o v e m e n t o f fo o d fish e s a n d o f t h e ir f o o d , w h ic h
w o u ld h a v e e n o r m o u s e c o n o m ic v a lu e to th e c o u n tr y . A b e tte r
k n o w le d g e o f th e c o n f ig u r a t io n o f th e o c e a n b o tto m s , o f t h e m a te r ia ls
d e p o s ite d u p o n th o s e b o tto m s, a n d o f th e o c e a n c u r r e n ts m a y r e su lt
in d is c o v e r ie s t h a t w ill m a t e r ia lly m o d if y o u r id e a s o f so m e o f th e
la w s o f n a tu r e . M e te o r o lo g y is b e lie v e d to b e c lo s e ly r e la te d to o c e a n
c o n d itio n s , an d it se em s m o re th a n p r o b a b le t h a t s y s te m a tic o b s e r v a ­
tio n o f m e te o r o lo g ic a l d a ta o v e r th e o c e a n s w i l l c o n tr ib u te to m o re
c o m p le te a n d m o re d e p e n d a b le w e a t h e r f o r e c a s ts .
O ce a n s u r v e y s s h o u ld b e r e su m e d in th e A t l a n t i c f o r th e p u r p o s e
o f s u p p le m e n t in g a n d e x t e n d in g o u r e a r lie r s u r v e y s. U n e x p lo r e d
a r e a s o ff o u r c o a st sh o u ld b e e x a m in e d a n d a su ffic ie n t n u m b e r o f
s o u n d in g s ta k e n to g i v e a t le a s t a g e n e r a l k n o w le d g e o f th e r e lie f o f
th e b o tto m . W h e r e th e e a r lie r s u r v e y s a r e k n o w n to h a v e b e en m a d e
w ith c r u d e a p p a r a t u s an d b y d o u b t f u l m e th o d s, a r e e x a m in a tio n
s h o u ld b e m a d e to v e r i f y t h e e a r lie r w o r k , a n d , i f f o u n d to b e a p p r e ­
c ia b ly in e r r o r , th e se a r e a s sh o u ld b e r e su r v e y e d . A c c o m p a n y in g t h e
h y d r o g r a p h y t h e r e s h o u ld b e ta k e n a su ffic ie n t n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a ­
t io n s o f c u r r e n t, d e n s it y , te m p e r a tu r e , a n d s a li n i t y , to p e r m it a t h o r ­
o u g h s t u d y o f th e o c e a n c u r r e n ts. T h e s e a re t h e p h a se s o f o c e a n ­
o g r a p h y t h a t c o m e p r o p e r ly w it h in th e sc o p e o f a c t iv it ie s o f t h is
B u r e a u , b u t t h e r e a p p e a r s to b e n o r e a so n w h y o th e r in v e s t ig a t io n s
in o c e a n o g r a p h y c o u ld n o t b e c o n d u c te d a t th e sa m e t im e a t s m a ll

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THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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a d d it io n a l c o s t b y s c ie n t is t s d e t a ile d to th e p a r t y fr o m b u r e a u s h a v ­
i n g c o g n iz a n c e o f s u c h su b je c ts .
I n t h e P a c ific t h e sa m e lin e s o f in v e s t ig a t io n s h o u ld be c a r r ie d
o u t , b u t th e r e e v e n a b e g in n in g h a s h a r d ly b e e n m a d e ; th e a r e a s o f
t o t a l ly u n e x p lo r e d o c e a n a re o f v a s t d im e n s io n s . T h e r e is r e a so n to
b e lie v e t h a t f is h in g b a n k s o f w h ic h w e h a v e n o r e lia b le in f o r m a t io n
m a y lie j u s t o u t s id e o u r c o a s ta l w a t e r s ; th e s u p p o s e d lo c a t io n s o f
th e se b a n k s s h o u ld b e in v e s t ig a t e d w it h o u t d e la y . O ff th e s o u t h e r n
C a lif o r n ia c o a s t a n d a ls o w e s tw a r d fr o m th e H a w a i ia n I s la n d s a re
d a n g e r o u s r e e f s in th e t r a c k o f o u r s h ip p in g . U n t i l th e se a n d o th e r
u n c e r ta in a r e a s a re t h o r o u g h ly e x p lo r e d w e m a y e x p e c t u n a v o id a b le
w r e c k s a n d lo ss o f l if e .
G E O D E T IC

W ORK.

T h e g e o d e tic c o n tr o l w o r k o f th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y h a s
s u ffe r e d in th e p a s t fr o m la c k o f a p p r e c ia t io n b y th e p u b lic o f th e
a c tu a l m o n e y v a lu e o f su c h s u r v e y s a n d b e c a u se it w a s n o t c le a r ly
u n d e r s to o d t h a t i t i s n e c e ss a r y f o r s u c h c o n tr o l s u r v e y s t o p r e c ed e
a n y a c c u r a te t o p o g r a p h ic s u r v e y a n d m a p p in g . T h e s e c o n d itio n s
h a v e c h a n g e d , fo r n o w th e r e is a s t r o n g d e m a n d f o r m a p s w h ic h m ee t
th e m o st e x a c t in g r e q u ir e m e n ts o f th e m a p u ser.
Y e a r s a g o th e c h a r ts o f th e A t la n t ic , G u lf , a n d P a c ific c o a s ts w e re
b r o u g h t in to p r o p e r r e la t io n w it h e a c h o th e r b y p r e c ise t r ia n g u la t io n
e x t e n d in g fr o m M a in e to th e G u lf a n d fr o m N e w J e r s e y to C a l i f o r ­
n ia . a n d fr o m s o u th e r n C a lif o r n ia to P u g e t S o u n d . O th e r p r e c ise
a r c s o f t r ia n g u la t io n h a v e s in c e b een r u n , a n d n o w o u r c h a r t s o f th e
U n it e d S t a t e s w a te r s n e e d g e o d e tic s u r v e y s in c o a sta l a r e a s o n ly .
T h e s u r v e y s m a d e b y o t h e r o r g a n iz a t io n s in th e in te r io r o f th e
c o u n t r y , h o w e v e r , d e p e n d u p o n th e fu r th e r e x te n s io n o f p r e c ise t r i ­
a n g u la t io n in to t h e in te r m e d ia t e a r e a s b e tw e e n th e m a in a r c s o f
t r ia n g u la t io n .
I t h a s b een th e e x p e r ie n c e o f th e G o v e r n m e n ts o f a ll o th e r s o f th e
w e ll- o r g a n iz e d n a t io n s o f th e w o r ld t h a t a c c u r a te m a p s a re e s s e n tia l
to t h e ir c o m m e r c ia l a n d e c o n o m ic d e v e lo p m e n t. T h e ir m a p p in g is
in m o st c a s e s f u r t h e r a d v a n c e d th a n o u r s. W h e n th e y s ta r t m a p p in g
in a n y p a r t o f th e ir area t h e y h a v e th e fr a m e w o r k in t h e fo r m o f
t r ia n g u la t io n u p o n w h ic h to b a se th e d e t a ile d s u r v e y s. F o r m a n y
y e a r s w e h a v e f o llo w e d th e o p p o s it e p la n in t h is c o u n tr y . V a r io u s
s u r v e y s a n d m a p s b y G o v e r n m e n t a n d p r iv a te a g e n c ie s h a v e b een
m a d e a h e a d o f th e f u n d a m e n ta l c o n t r o l w it h th e r e su lt t h a t v e r y
m u c h c o n f u s io n e x is t s in th e se s u r v e y s a n d m a p s . T h is c o n f u s io n
sh o u ld b e r e m e d ie d b y th e r a p id c o m p le tio n o f t h e f u n d a m e n ta l
c o n t r o l s u r v e y s o f th e c o u n tr y . I t w ill th e n b e p o s s ib le to h a r m o n iz e
th e e x is t in g s u r v e y s a n d m a p s to a g r e a t e x te n t : a n d s t a r t in g p o in t s ,

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w h o se la t it u d e a n d lo n g it u d e a r e k n o w n , w i l l be a v a ila b le f o r t h e
s u r v e y s a n d m a p s o f th o s e a r e a s n o t a lr e a d y c o v e r e d .
W h a t h a s b een sa id a b o v e w it h r e g a r d to t h e t r ia n g u la t io n a p p l i e s
e q u a lly t o th e p r e c is e l e v e l in g o f o u r c o u n tr y w h ic h f u r n is h e s a c ­
c u r a te a n d fin a l e le v a t io n s to a ll e n g in e e r s w h o m u s t h a v e t h is
k n o w le d g e f o r t h e ir o p e r a tio n s .
T h e c o st o f a c c u r a te s u r v e y in g a n d m a p p in g b y th e G o v e r n m e n t
o r g a n iz a t io n s s h o u ld n o t be c h a r g e d a s r u n n in g e x p e n s e s , b u t r a th e r
a s an in v e s tm e n t, to a s s is t th e in d u s t r ie s o f t h e c o u n t r y in p ea c e a n d
to s e r v e f o r a v ita l f o u n d a t io n f o r th e O p e ra tio n s o f w a r . T h e r e is
s c a r c e ly an in d u s tr y w h ic h w o u ld n o t be b en e fite d to a m a r k e d d e ­
g r e e b y th e c o m p le tio n o f th e t o p o g r a p h ic s u r v e y s a n d m a p s o f o u r
a r ea s.
T h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y h a s d e v e lo p e d e fficien t m e th o d s
f o r c a r r y in g o n th e p r e c is e c o n tr o l s u r v e y s , a n d t h e o th e r G o v e r n ­
m e n t o r g a n iz a t io n s n e e d in g c o n tr o l d a ta n o w lo o k to t h is B u r e a u f o r
it . T h e r e is n o d u p lic a tio n a t p r e s e n t in m a k in g th e se c o n tr o l s u r ­
v e y s ,-b u t o w in g to la c k o f f u n d s it h a s b e en im p o s s ib le to m e e t a l l
d e m a n d s.
GEODETIC W O R K I X AL AS KA.

T h e d e m a n d s u p o n th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y f o r c o n tr o l
s u r v e y s in th e U n it e d S t a t e s h a v e b e e n so g r e a t a n d u r g e n t t h a t n o
f u n d s h a v e b e en a v a ila b le f o r w o r k in th e in t e r io r o f A la s k a . T h i s
c o n d itio n s h o u ld b e r e m e d ie d a t an e a r ly d a te . P r e c is e g e o g r a p h ic
p o s it io n s a n d e le v a t io n s sh o u ld b e d e te r m in e d t h r o u g h o u t th o s e p a r t s
o f A la s k a w h e r e s u r v e y in g a n d m a p p in g a re b e in g c a r r ie d o n b y
th e U n it e d S t a t e s G e o lo g ic a l S u r v e y , th e F o r e s t S e r v ic e , a n d t h e
G e n e r a l L a n d O ffice. T h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f A la s k a w i l l b e m u c h
a d v a n c e d b y a d e q u a te m a p s s h o w in g th e lo c a tio n a n d c o n f ig u r a t io n
o f it s s u r fa c e a n d th e f u n d a m e n ta l c o n tr o l s u r v e y s sh o u ld p r e c e d e
th e d e ta ile d m a p p in g w o r k .
G E O P H Y S I C A L I X V E 8T I G A T I O N S .

A s a n in c id e n t to th e g e o d e tic w o r k o f th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic
S u r v e y , m u c h d a ta h a v e b een c o lle c te d a n d d is c u ss e d w h ic h h a s r e ­
s u lte d in th e e x te n s io n o f o u r k n o w le d g e o f th e p h y s ic s o f th e e a r t h ’s
c r u st.
T h is is o f b en e fit to t h e g e o lo g is t , m in in g e n g in e e r , a n d
o th e r s w h o a re in te r e s te d in p r o c e sse s w h ic h fo r m a n d m o d if y t h e
o u te r p o r tio n s o f t h e e a r th .
A s a p r e lim in a r y s te p , it is n e c e ss a r y to h a v e d e ta ile d p r e c ise t r i ­
a n g u la t io n a n d le v e ls in r e g io n s o f s e is m ic a c t iv it y , in o r d e r t h a t
s tu d ie s m a y b e m a d e o f g r a d u a l d is t o r t io n s o r d is p la c e m e n ts in th e
e a r t h ’s c r u s t p r io r to sh o c k , th e c h a r a c te r a n d e x t e n t o f t h e d is p la c e -

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m e n ts a t t h e t im e o f th e e a r th q u a k e , a n d th e e x te n t o f th e la te r r e a d ­
j u s tm e n ts o f th e p o r t io n s d is p la c e d .
T h is w o r k o f th e B u r e a u m u s t b e c o n t in u e d , a n d s h o u ld b e e x ­
p a n d e d to c o v e r a c c u r a te m e a s u r e m e n ts t o d e te c t th e e x te n t a n d r a te
o f m o v e m e n ts, b o th h o r iz o n t a lly a n d v e r t ic a lly , o f t h e e a r th ’s s u r ­
fa c e in r e g io n s o f s e is m ic o r e a r th q u a k e a c t iv it y . M u c h t im e is
g iv e n t h is im p o r t a n t g e o p h y s ic a l p r o b le m b y o th e r o r g a n iz a t io n s ,
a n d a s m a ll su m sh o u ld be m a d e a v a ila b le to th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic
S u r v e y i n o r d e r t h a t it m a y a s s is t S t a t e s a n d p r iv a te i n s t it u t io n s
e n g a g e d in r e se a r c h w o r k in th e s c ie n c e o f s e is m o lo g y .
I t is d e sir a b le t h a t an e a r th - t id e s ta t io n b e e s ta b lis h e d in th e
H a w a iia n I s la n d s in o r d e r t h a t w o r k d o n e in t h is c o u n t r y b y p r iv a te
in s t it u t io n s m a y b e su p p le m e n te d .
T h e c o st o f c a r r y in g o n th e g e o p h y s ic a l r e se a r c h b y th e C o a s t a n d
G e o d e tic S u r v e y is v e r y s m a ll, b u t t h e b e n e fits to b e d e r iv e d t h e r e ­
fr o m b y p r iv a te in s t it u t io n s a n d in d iv id u a ls w o r k in g in t h is im p o r ­
t a n t fie ld a r e v e r y g r e a t. T h e f a c i l it ie s f o r d o in g c e r t a in p h a se s
o f t h e w o r k a re a v a ila b le o n ly in th e C o a s t an d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y .
M A G N E T IC

O B S E R V A T IO N S .

A b u ild in g f o r office a n d q u a r te r s at th e C h e lte n h a m O b s e r v a to r y
is m u c h n e e d e d . T h e sp a c e n o w u s e d f o r office w o r k is t h e c e n tr a l
p o r tio n o f a b u ild in g o f w h ic h t h e w i n g s a re u se d f o r a b s o lu te
o b s e r v a tio n s , a n d th e r e is a lw a y s d a n g e r t h a t th e r e s u lt s m a y be
a ffe c te d b y th e p r e se n c e in t h is office o f m a g n e tic m a te r ia l. C h e lt e n ­
h a m is th e o n ly o n e o f th e m a g n e tic o b s e r v a to r ie s n o t p r o v id e d w it h
q u a r te r s f o r th e o b s e r v e r . T h e r e a re o n ly t w o h o u s e s a v a ila b le fo r
r e n ta l a n d t h e y a re so m e d is ta n c e fr o m th e o b s e r v a to r y , a n d c o n d i­
t io n s m ig h t a t a n y t im e a r ise w h ic h w o u ld m a k e it n e c e ss a r y f o r th e
o b se r v e r to g o s t ill f a r t h e r a w a y f o r q u a r te r s. T h e m a in te n a n c e o f
th e in s tr u m e n ts in c o n t in u o u s o p e r a tio n a n d t h e p r o te c tio n o f th e
b u ild in g a n d e q u ip m e n t m a k e i t im p o r t a n t t h a t th e o b se r v e r sh o u ld
liv e o n th e o b s e r v a to r y g r o u n d s .
T h e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a m a g n e tic o b s e r v a to r y in th e C a n a l Z o n e
o r th e is la n d o f G u a m h a s b e en r e c o m m e n d e d in p r e v io u s r e p o r ts.
I t is h o p e d t h a t p r o v is io n w ill b e m a d e f o r t h is im p o r ta n t p r o je c t
in th e a p p r o p r ia tio n f o r th e fisc a l y e a r 1923.
PU BLICA TIO N S.

T h e a c t o f C o n g r e s s o f A u g u s t 2 3 , 1912. tr a n s f e r r e d t h e issu e o f
p r a c t ic a lly a ll G o v e r n m e n t p u b lic a tio n s to th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f
D o c u m e n ts. T h is w a s in th e in te r e s t o f e c o n o m y in th a t it c e n te r e d
th e d is tr ib u t io n o f p u b lic d o c u m e n ts fr o m o n e S to re h o u se. I m m e ­
d ia t e ly a f t e r t h is la w w e n t in to e ffe ct it w a s r e c o g n iz e d t h a t th e

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c o a s t p ilo t s is s u e d b y th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , d u e to th e
n e c e s s ity o f c o n t in u a l r e v is io n a n d c o r r e c tio n s , fr o m in f o r m a t io n
a v a ila b le o n ly a t t h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y , c o u ld n o t b e d is ­
t r ib u te d b y t h e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts. U n d e r a n in fo r m a l
u n d e r s t a n d in g , th e issu e o f c o a s t p i lo t s a n d t id e ta b le s ( th e n e c e s ­
s a r y a c c o m p a n im e n ts o f th e c h a r ts p r e p a r e d a n d p r in te d b y th e
C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y ) w a s c o n tin u e d b y th e C o a st a n d G e o ­
d e t ic S u r v e y .
A t p r e s e n t th e b u o y l is t s a n d l i g h t l is t s p u b lis h e d b y th e B u r e a u
o f l i g h t h o u s e s a re is s u e d b y th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , a n d
p ilo t r u le s are is s u e d b y th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e . A n a v i ­
g a t o r m u s t c o m e to th e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y f o r h is c h a r ts,
c o a s t p ilo t s , a n d t id e ta b le s a n d m u s t g o to th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f
D o c u m e n ts f o r b u o y a n d l i g h t l is t s a n d to th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n
S e r v ic e f o r p ilo t r u le s.
T h e h a n d lin g b y th e se th r e e s e p a r a te a g e n c ie s o f p u b lic a t io n s t h a t
a r e n e c e ss a r y to th e m a r in e r c a u se s a g r e a t d e a l o f c o n f u s io n to th e
p u b lic a n d m u c h d e la y . T h e B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s in f o r m a lly
a p p r o a c h e d th e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y so m e t h r e e y e a r s a g o w it h
t h e s u g g e s t io n t h a t th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y d is tr ib u t e th e
b u o y l is t s a n d l i g h t l i s t s p u b lis h e d b y t h a t B u r e a u , f o r e s e e in g t h a t
i f th e se p u b lic a t io n s w e re is s u e d b y t h e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u ­
m e n ts a n d th e o th e r p u b lic a tio n s n e e d e d b y m a r in e r s w e r e iss u e d
b y th e C o a st a n d G e o d e t ic S u r v e y , th e c o n f u s io n a n d d e la y m e n tio n e d
a b o v e w o u ld e n su e . F o r so m e r e a so n t h e a r r a n g e m e n t w a s n o t
c a r r ie d in to e ffe ct.
I t is r e c o m m e n d e d in th e in te r e s t o f e fficien t s e r v ic e to th e p u b lic
t h a t l e g i s la t io n b e e n a c te d a u t h o r iz in g th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic
S u r v e y to d is tr ib u te th e c o a s t p ilo t s a n d t id e ta b le s p r e p a r e d b y
t h a t B u r e a u , a s w e ll a s t h e b u o y l is t s a n d l i g h t l is t s p u b lis h e d b y
th e B u r e a u o f L ig h t h o u s e s a n d th e p ilo t r u le s p u b lis h e d b y t h e
S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e .
G E N E R A L

ST A T E M E N T

O F

W O R K

D O N E .

A d e t a ile d s ta t e m e n t o f w o r k d o n e w ill b e f o u n d in th e c o m p le te
r e p o r t o f th e D ir e c t o r . I n g e n e r a l, h y d r o g r a p h ic w o r k h a s b ee n f o r ­
w a r d e d on th e A t l a n t i c c o a s t a n d s e v e r a l h ith e r t o u n c h a r te d p o r tio n s
o f th e c o a st h a v e b e e n s u r v e y e d . N u m b e r s o f r a d ic a l c h a n g e s in
c o n d itio n s w e r e f o u n d b o th a b o v e a n d b e lo w w a te r a n d th e se h a v e
b ee n s u r v e y e d a n d c h a r te d .
H y d r o g r a p h ic w o r k h a s a lso b e e n u n d e r ta k e n o n th e P a c ific c o a st.
T h e ste a m e r Natovia w a s e n g a g e d in m a k in g a r e su r v e y o f L o s A n ­
g e le s H a r b o r a n d i t s a p p r o a c h fr o m J u l y to D e c e m b e r . T h is w a s
r e q u ir e d to c h a r t th e n u m e r o u s c h a n g e s w d iich h a v e o c c u r r e d in r e ­
c e n t y e a r s. C o n tin u o u s im p r o v e m e n ts , in c lu d in g la r g e e x p e n d itu r e s

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f o r a b r e a k w a t e r , d r e d g e d c h a n n e ls , a n d d o c k s, h a v e h a d th e e ffe c t
o f t r a n s f o r m in g a n a n c h o r a g e w it h f e w n a t u r a l a d v a n t a g e s in to a
h a r b o r h a v in g u n u s u a l f a c ilit ie s . B a s e d o n t h is r e su r v e y t h e c h a r t
w i l l r e p r e s e n t th e h a r b o r in a n a d e q u a te m a n n e r .
T h e ste a m e r Natovia r e tu r n e d to S a n F r a n c is c o in J a n u a r y a n d r e ­
su m e d w o r k in t h a t lo c a lit y . T h e tw o p r in c ip a l a r e a s e x a m in e d w e r e
th e b a r a t th e e n tr a n c e o f th e h a r b o r a n d th e s o u th e r n a r m o f th e
bay.
H Y D R O G R A P H IC

W ORK, ALASK A.

I n p r e v io u s r e p o r ts t h e c o n d it io n s o f t h e s u r v e y s i n so u th e r n
A la s k a h a v e b e e n d e s c r ib e d in d e t a il. T h e y a re so f r a g m e n t a r y a n d
in c o m p le te t h a t m u c h r e m a in s to b e d o n e b e fo r e c h a r ts u p to m o d e r n
s ta n d a r d s c a n b e is s u e d . T h e s e c o n d itio n s a r e n o w b e in g c u r e d b y
s u p p le m e n t in g th e s c a n t h y d r o g r a p h y a n d t o p o g r a p h y , a n d a ls o b y
t h e e x e c u tio n o f t h e t r ia n g u la t io n f o r p r im a r y c o n tr o l. T h r e e p a r ­
t ie s h a v e c o n tin u e d t h e p r o g r a m o f la s t y e a r a n d e a c h p a r t y is o r ­
g a n iz e d to c a r r y o n s im u lta n e o u s ly s e v e r a l b r a n c h e s o f w o r k .
H Y D R O G R A P H IC

W O R K , P H IL IP P IN E

IS L A N D S .

W o r k in th e P h i l i p p i n e I s la n d s c o n t in u e d d u r in g th e fir st h a l f
o f t h e y e a r w it h f o u r s h ip s in c o m m iss io n . S h o r t a g e in a v a ila b le
fie ld officers, h o w e v e r , o n ly p e r m it te d c o n t in u o u s o p e r a tio n o f t w o
s h ip s , w h ile t h e r e m a in in g t w o w e r e d iv e s t e d o f officers d u r in g r e ­
p a ir s . I n J a n u a r y , o n e s h ip w a s r e tu r n e d to t h e P h i l i p p i n e G o v e r n ­
m e n t, b u t t h e r e m a in in g t h r e e w e r e o n a c t iv e d u t y d u r in g th e se c o n d
h a lf o f th e year.
O n O c to b e r 3 , a d is a s t r o u s fire d e s tr o y e d t h e e n t ir e u p p e r p o r tio n
o f th e I n t e n d e n c ia B u i l d i n g in M a n ila , in w h ic h t h e office o f th e
C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y is lo c a t e d o n th e g r o u n d flo o r. T h e
h e a v y s to n e f o u n d a t io n w a lls a n d r e in f o r c e d c o n c r e t e c e ilin g s o v e r
a p o r t io n o f t h e office a ffo r d e d a f ir e p r o o f s e c t io n t o w h ic h e m p lo y e e s
a n d v o lu n te e r s t r a n s f e r r e d a l l r e c o r d s a n d sh e e ts. T h e S u r v e y f o r ­
t u n a t e ly su ffe r e d n o lo s s e x c e p t t h a t o f w a te r d a m a g e to f u r n it u r e .
T h e b u il d in g is b e in g r e c o n st r u c te d in f ir e p r o o f m a n n e r t h r o u g h o u t .
A n e w b u ild in g to h o u s e a c h a r t - p r in t in g p la n t h a s b e e n c o m p le te d .
M a c h in e r y f o r p h o t o lit h o g r a p h y a n d e m p lo y e e s f o r i t s o p e r a tio n
a re n o w a r r iv in g a n d i t is h o p e d i n t h e n e a r f u tu r e to b e g in p u b lic a ­
t io n o f P h i l ip p in e c h a r ts a t M a n ila .
• c o a st

PIL O T S.

T h e c o a s t p ilo t s a re in e ffe c t c o m p a n io n s to o u r c h a r ts , s in c e t h e y
c o n t a in a g r e a t d e a l o f d e t a ile d in f o r m a t io n o f im p o r ta n c e t o n a v i ­
g a t o r s f o r w h ic h t h e r e is n o r o o m o n t h e c h a r ts.
7 60 6 0— 21 ------9

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A

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
c e r t a in c la s s o f in f o r m a t io n c o n ta in e d in th e c o a st p ilo t s is

c o m p ile d fr o m v a r io u s so u r c e s, b u t th e d ir e c t io n s a n d d e s c r ip t io n s
o n w h ic h th e a c tu a l n a v ig a t io n o f a v e s se l d e p e n d s a r e w r it t e n fr o m
p e r s o n a l k n o w le d g e o b ta in e d o n th e s p o t . T o o b ta in t h is fir s t- h a n d
in f o r m a t io n d u r in g t h e p a s t y e a r , P o r t o P i c o w a s v i s i t e d a n d th e
e x a m in a t io n e x te n d e d to th e V i r g in I s la n d s . A r e v is io n in th e fie ld
w a s a ls o m a d e a lo n g th e c o a st o f t h e S o u t h A t la n t ic S t a t e s fr o m
G e o r g e to w n , S . C ., to K e y W e s t, F la .
A E R IA L

PH O TO TO PO G FAPH Y.

T h e M is s is s ip p i R iv e r D e lt a w a s p h o t o g r a p h e d b y th e A ir S e r v ic e
o f th e N a v y d u r in g M a r c h , A p r i l , a n d M a y , 1 9 2 1 , f o r th e u se o f t h is
s e r v ic e in r e v is in g th e c h a r t o f t h is a r e a . O ffice w o r k o n th e s e p h o t o ­
g r a p h s is n o w in p r o g r e ss .
A t l a n t i c C it y , N . J ., a n d th e v i c i n i t y w a s p h o t o g r a p h e d in J u l y ,
1 9 1 9, b y t h e A i r S e r v ic e s o f th e A r m y a n d N a v y , a n d a lm o s t th e
w h o le o f t h e o u te r c o a s t lin e o f N e w J e r s e y w a s p h o t o g r a p h e d in
M a r c h , 1920, b y t h e A r m y A i r S e r v ic e . R e v is e d c h a r ts o f th e N e w
J e r s e y c o a s t a re n o w b e in g c o m p ile d a n d w i l l s o o n b e iss u e d , s h o w in g
c o r r e c tio n s a s o b t a in e d fr o m th e s e p h o t o g r a p h s . A n officer o f t h is
s e r v ic e e s ta b lis h e d th e g r o u n d c o n tr o l a n d v e r ifie d th e r e su lts o f th e
office c o m p ila t io n , m a k in g a n e x a m in a t io n o f th e p h o t o g r a p h ic m o ­
s a ic s i n t h e field .
T h e r e s u lt s o f t h is w o r k h a v e p r o d u c e d s o m e in t e r e s t in g c o n c lu ­
s io n s in r e g a r d to c h a r t r e v is io n s .
O w in g to la c k o f t r a in e d p e r s o n n e l, t h e A ir S e r v ic e s w e r e n o t a b le
to c a rry o u t a p ro g r a m

o f p h o to g r a p h in g p o r tio n s o f th e A tla n tic

c o a s t a s r e q u e s te d b y t h is B u r e a u f o r th e p u r p o s e o f c h a r t r e v is io n .
G E O D E T IC W O R K , T I ilA N G U L A T I O N , T R A V E R S E A N D

BA SE M E A SU R E M E N T .

T h e g e o d e t ic w o r k o f th e C o a st a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y , d u r in g th e
fis c a l y e a r 1 9 2 1 , w a s f o r t h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f f u r n is h i n g g e o ­
g r a p h ic p o s it io n s a n d e le v a t io n s to th e e n g in e e r s o f t h e C o a s t a n d
G e o d e t ic S u r v e y a n d to th o s e G o v e r n m e n t, S t a t e , a n d c it y o r g a n i­
z a tio n s w h ic h u se su c h d a ta . T h is is th e m a jo r f u n c t io n o f th e g e o ­
d e t ic w o r k o f t h e B u r e a u , a n d a s y s te m a tic p la n is in p r o g r e s s f o r
e x t e n d in g h o r iz o n ta l a n d v e r tic a l c o n tr o l in to a ll t h e a r ea s o f th e
U n it e d S t a t e s a n d in to A la s k a , in o r d e r t h a t fin a l p o s it io n s a n d e le ­
v a t io n s m a y be a v a ila b le f o r a ll s u r v e y in g , m a p p in g , a n d o th e r e n ­
g in e e r in g a c t iv it ie s .
A S T R O N O M IC

W ORK.

A s tr o n o m ic la t it u d e s a n d lo n g it u d e s w e r e d e te r m in e d b y
s e r v e r s a lo n g t h e a r c o f p r e c is e t r ia n g u la t io n f r o m
to th e v ic in it y o f W illia m s , A r iz .

tw o o b ­

E l R e n o , O k la .,

T h e p r in c ip a l d u ty o f th is a s tr o ­

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n o m ic p a r t y w a s to d e te r m in e d iff e r e n c e s o f lo n g it u d e b u t, a s a n
in c id e n t to t h is w o r k a n d w it h o u t a d d it io n a l c o s t, a s tr o n o m ic l a t i ­
tu d e s w e r e a ls o d e te r m in e d .
A z im u t h o b s e r v a tio n s w e r e m a d e a s u s u a l b y th e p r e c is e t r i a n g u ­
la tio n a n d t h e p r e c is e tr a v e r s e p a r t ie s a s th e w o r k p r o g r e sse d .
P R E C IS E L E V E L IN G .

A lin e o f p r e c is e l e v e ls w a s e x te n d e d fr o m th e v i c i n i t y o f K la m a th
F a l l s t o O n ta r io , O r e g ., b y a d o u b le p r e c is e -le v e l p a r t y u s in g a u t o ­
m o b ile tr u c k s a s a m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n . T h is l in e o f p r e c is e
le v e ls w a s c o n n e c te d a t K la m a t h F a l l s a n d O n ta r io w it h p r e v io u s ly
e s ta b lis h e d b e n c h m a r k s.
A s p u r lin e w a s e x te n d e d fr o m t h e v i c i n ­
i t y o f B u r n s o n th e m a in lin e o f le v e ls w e s t w a r d to B e n d , O r e g .
T h is le v e l in g w a s r e q u e ste d b y th e U n it e d S t a t e s F o r e s t S e r v ic e a n d
t h e U n it e d S t a t e s G e o lo g ic a l S u r v e y , a n d t h e e le v a t io n s d e te r m in e d
w i l l b e o f s p e c ia l v a lu e to b o th o r g a n iz a tio n s .
T ID E S A N D

C U R R EN TS.

T h e g r o w in g im p o r t a n c e o f t id a l a n d c u r r e n t w o r k o f th e C o a s t
a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y r e n d e r e d a d v is a b le th e c r e a tio n o f th e d iv is io n
o f t id e s a n d c u r r e n ts o u t o f th e s e c tio n o f t h a t n a m e o n D e c e m b e r
15, 1920.
T h e p u r p o s e o f t i d a l o b s e r v a tio n s is to f u r n is h th e d a ta n e c e ss a r y

(a) in th e p u b lic a t io n o f c h a r ts , c o a s t p ilo t s , a n d t id e t a b le s ; ( b )
in p r e c is e le v e lin g , h a r b o r c o n s tr u c t io n , a n d c o a s t p r o t e c t io n ; a n d
(c) in g e n e r a l e n g in e e r in g a n d o t h e r t e c h n ic a l a n d s c ie n t if ic w o r k .
D u r i n g th e y e a r p r in c ip a l t id a l s t a t io n s w e r e m a in t a in e d a s f o l ­
lo w s : S e v e n o n th e A t l a n t i c c o a s t, t h r e e o n th e G u l f c o a s t, a n d s ix
o n th e P a c ific c o a st. T h e c o m p u ta t io n f o r th e se s t a t io n s w a s k e p t u p
t o d a te b y th e W a s h in g t o n office.
T id e t a b le s a re issu e d a n n u a lly , in a d v a n c e f o r th e p u r p o se o f f u r ­
n is h in g th e N a v y a n d m e r c h a n t m a r in e w it h th e p r e d ic te d t im e s a n d
h e ig h t s o f e v e r y h ig h a n d lo w w a te r f o r a c a le n d a r y e a r a t th e p r in ­
c ip a l p o r ts o f t h e w o r ld , a n d a p p e a r in th r e e f o r m s : G e n e r a l T i d e
T a b le s , c o n t a in in g th e p r e d ic te d t id e s f o r 81 p r in c ip a l p o r ts c o v e r in g
th e e n t ir e m a r it im e w o r ld , t o g e t h e r w it h t id a l d a ta f o r 3 ,5 0 0 s e c ­
o n d a r y p o r t s ; A t la n t ic C o a st T i d e T a b le s , a r e p r in t o f t h a t p a r t o f
th e G e n e r a l T id e T a b le s c o v e r in g th e A t l a n t i c c o a s t o f N o r th
A m e r ic a ; a n d P a c if ic C o a s t T i d e T a b le s , lik e w is e a r e p r in t fr o m th e
G e n e r a l T i d e T a b le s c o v e r in g th e P a c if ic c o a s t o f N o r t h A m e r ic a .
M A G N E T IC

W ORK.

T h e m a g n e tic o b s e r v a to r ie s a t C h e lte n h a m , M d .; V ie q u e s , P . R . ;
T u c s o n , A r i z . ; S it k a , A la s k a ; a n d n e a r H o n o lu lu , H a w a i i, h a v e b e e n

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

132

in o p e r a t io n t h r o u g h o u t t h e y e a r a n d c o n t in u o u s r e c o r d s h a v e b e e n
s e c u r e d o n th e m a g n e to g r a p h s a n d s e is m o g r a p h s .
s o lu te

o b s e r v a tio n s

and

s c a le

v a lu e

T h e n ecessa ry a b ­

d e te r m in a tio n s h a v e

a ls o

b een

m ade.
Im p r o v e m e n ts h a v e b een
th e

H o n o lu lu

m a d e to th e

O b se r v a to r y ,

and

b u ild in g s

r e p a ir s

to

th e

and

o f f ic e

grounds

at

b u ild in g

at

V ie q u e s w e r e in p r o g r e s s a t t h e e n d o f t h e fis c a l y e a r .

L ocal con­

d itio n s in th e b u ild in g tr a d e s m a d e it n e c e ssa r y to p o s tp o n e lo n g e r
t h e e r e c t i o n o f a b u i l d i n g f o r o ffic e a n d q u a r t e r s a t C h e l t e n h a m , b u t
it is h o p e d t h a t t h is m o s t im p o r t a n t w o r k c a n b e d o n e n e x t y e a r .

B e c a u s e o f th e i n a b ilit y to se c u r e a d d it io n a l m a g n e tic o b s e r v e r s i t
w a s n e c e ssa r y to s u s p e n d a lm o s t e n t ir e ly th e fie ld w o r k o f t h e m a g ­
n e t ic s u r v e y , a n d a s a c o n se q u e n c e th e p r e p a r a tio n o f t h e is o g o n ic
c h a r t f o r 1 92 0 h a d to b e p o s tp o n e d . A s in g le m a g n e t ic o b se r v e r
b e g a n fie ld w o r k t h e m id d le o f J u n e a n d h a d o c c u p ie d t h r e e r e p e a t
s t a t io n s a t t h e e n d o f th e fis c a l y e a r .
P U B L IC A T IO N S .

In

th e r e a liz a tio n

r e s u ltin g fr o m

th a t th ere

are

fu n d s o f in fo r m a tio n

and

d a ta

th e s u r v e y s m a d e b y th e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y

th a t a r o u s e f u l t o c iv il e n g in e e r s , s u r v e y o r s , a n d o th e r s , a m e d iu m
w a s s o u g h t f o r b r in g in g th e s e f a c t s to th e a tte n tio n o f th o s e to w h o m
th e y w o u ld b e o f u se .

T h e m e a n s a d o p te d w a s th e p r in tin g fo r ea ch

S t a t e in th e U n io n a v e r y s m a ll p a m p h le t c o n ta in in g a n in d e x o f th e
c o u n tie s

in

each

S ta te , s h o w in g

e x a c tly

th e

k in d

of

su rveys

and

p la c e s in e a c h c o u n t y w h e r e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n m a d e a n d t h e p u b lic a ­
t io n s o f t h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y c o n t a in in g th e r e s u lt s .
t h is e ffo r t is a p p r e c ia te d is a tte s te d b y m a n y le tte r s fr o m

T hat

c iv il e n g i­

n e e r s a n d o th e r s.
B y t h e c lo s e o f t h e fis c a l y e a r , s u c h
and

d is tr ib u te d

fo r th e

fo llo w in g

p a m p h le ts h a d b e e n p r in te d

S ta te s:

C o lo r a d o , I o w a , I llin o is ,

K a n s a s , M in n e s o ta , M is s o u r i, M o n ta n a , a n d N e b r a s k a .
A p u b lic a tio n e n title d “ E le m e n ts o f m a p p r o je c tio n w ith a p p lic a ­
tio n s to m a p a n d c h a r t c o n s tr u c tio n ”
w as p repared
c o u n te r e d

d u r in g th e y e a r .

b y ca r to g r a p h e r s an d

(S p e c ia l P u b lic a tio n N o . 6 8 )

A s a r e s u lt o f c e r t a in p r o b le m s e n ­
e n g in e e r s in c o n n e c tio n

w ith

th e ir

a c t iv it ie s d u r in g t h e r e c e n t w a r , th e r e lia s b e e n a m a r k e d q u ic k e n in g
o f in t e r e s t in t h e s u b j e c t o f m a p p r o j e c t i o n s , w i t h p a r t i c u l a r r e f e r ­
e n c e to
e x te n t

th e ty p e s b est a d a p te d
to

w h ic h

th e

B ureau

to

v a r io u s m a p p in g

h as been

c a lle d

upon

p r o je c ts.
fo r

a d v ic e

The
and

a s s is ta n c e o n th e s e p r o j e c t s h a s le d it t o c o n c lu d e t h a t t h e r e e x is t s th e
n e e d fo r a f u lle r a n d m o r e c o m p r e h e n s iv e p r e s e n ta tio n o f th e s u b je c t
th a n h a s h ith e r to b e e n a v a ila b le a n y w h e r e .
The

p r e s e n t p u b lic a tio n

is th e r e s u lt o f t h is c o n c lu s io n .

I t is a

c o m p r e h e n s iv e tr e a tm e n t o f a ll th e m o r e u s e f u l p r o je c tio n s , p r e s e n t­

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

133

in g th e m in a s s im p le a fo r m a s p o s s ib le i n t h e ir g e n e t a ] 'c h a r a c ­
t e r is t ic s , m a th e m a tic a l d e v e lo p m e n t, a n d a c tu a l c o n s tr u c tio n . I t is
d e s ig n e d to e n a b le th e m a p m a k e r to c h o o se th e p r o j e c t io n b est
a d a p t e d to th e p a r t ic u la r p r o je c t in w h ic h h e is in te r e s te d , a n d to
f u r n is h h im th e d a ta n e c e ss a r y f o r it s c o n s tr u c tio n .
S p e c i a l P u b lic a t io n N o . 6 7 , “ L a t itu d e d e v e lo p m e n ts c o n n e c te d
w it h g e o d e s y a n d g e o g r a p h y , w ith ta b le s , in c lu d in g a ta b le f o r L a m ­
b e r t e q u a l-a r e a m e r id io n a l p ro jec t io n ,” e x p r e ss e s th e d iffe r e n c e b e ­
t w e e n t h e g e o d e tic la t it u d e a n d e a c h o f th e o th e r f o u r c la s s e s o f l a t i ­
tu d e in a s e r ie s o f th e s in e s o f m u lt ip le a r c s. I t c o n t a in s a ls o a
n u m b e r o f t a b le s o f v a lu e to g e o d e s y a n d m a p m a k in g .
A n o t h e r p u b lic a tio n iss u e d d u r in g th e y e a r is S p e c ia l P u b lic a t io n
N o . 7 o , “ K a d io -c o m p a ss b e a r in g s .” S in c e r a d io -c o m p a s s b e a r in g s
a r e b e in g u se d m o r e a n d m o r e e x t e n s iv e ly f o r f ix in g p o s itio n s a t se a,
it w a s t h o u g h t n e c e ss a r y to i n v e s t ig a t e th e m e th o d s o f p l o t t i n g th e m ,
b o th c o n v e n ie n t ly a n d a c c u r a te ly , u p o n th e c h a r ts in g e n e r a l use.
T h e tw o p r o j e c t io n s c o n s id e r e d in t h e p u b lic a tio n a re th e M e r c a to r
p r o j e c t io n a n d th e g n o m o n ic p r o je c tio n . A n u m b e r o f o th e r p u b li­
c a tio n s d e a lin g w it h th e r e s u lt s o f t h e B u r e a u ’s a c t iv it ie s w e r e iss u e d
d u r in g t h e y e a r .
H O U S IN G

I N T E R N A T I O N A L IIO U N D A R Y C O M M IS S IO N

IN

BUREAU

IV U I 1.1)1 N G 8 .

O n F e b r u a r y 2 8 ,1 9 2 1 , th e D ir e c t o r o f th e B u r e a u w a s m a d e I n t e r ­
n a t io n a l B o u n d a r y C o m m is s io n e r . T h e p e r so n n e l a n d e q u ip m e n t o f
t h a t c o m m iss io n w e r e a t t h a t tim e h o u s e d in r e n te d q u a r te r s, t h e y e a r ly
r e n ta l b e in g $ 2 ,6 8 8 . T h e r e n te d q u a r te r s w e r e r e le a se d A p r i l 1, 1921,
a n d t h e c o m m iss io n w a s c o m f o r t a b ly s e t t le d in a p o r t io n o f th e b u ild ­
i n g s o c c u p ie d b y th e B u r e a u , a n d a s th e c o m m iss io n h a d f o r m e r ly
b e e n p r a c t ic a lly a p a r t o f t h e B u r e a u , t h e c h a n g e p r o v e d to b e a c o n ­
v e n ie n c e a s w e ll a s a n e c o n o m y , b e c a u s e m a n y o f th e r e c o r d s a re u se d
i n c o m m o n , a n d b e c a u se th e B u r e a u h a s f a c i l it ie s in th e w a y o f p h o t o ­
g r a p h ic la b o r a to r ie s , in s tr u m e n t s h o p , a n d c a r p e n te r s h o p , e tc ., t h a t
a r e ta k e n a d v a n t a g e o f b y t h e c o m m iss io n a t a c o s t t o th e G o v e r n ­
m e n t f a r le s s t h a n i f s u c h s e r v ic e s w e r e p e r fo r m e d b y a c o m m e r c ia l
h o u se .
T h e w o r k o f r e fin is h in g th e r o o m s a n d h a lls o f t h e b u ild in g s o c c u ­
p ie d b y t h e C o a s t a n d G e o d e tic S u r v e y h a s p r o g r e ss e d s a t is f a c t o r ily ,
a n d th e p o r t io n o f th e b u ild in g s t h u s r e n o v a te d p r e s e n ts a p le a s in g
a n d s a n it a r y a p p e a r a n c e . H o w e v e r , i t m u s t be b o r n e in m in d th a t
t h is is a t e m p o r a r y e x p e d ie n t o n ly , in t h e in t e r e s t o f s a n it a t io n o f th e
o ld b u ild in g s o c c u p ie d b y t h e B u r e a u , f o r th e h ig h e s t d e g r e e o f
e ffic ie n c y c a n n e v e r b e a t t a in e d b y a B u r e a u t h a t is a m a n u fa c tu r e r o f
c h a r ts , in s tr u m e n ts , e tc ., in b u ild in g s c o n s tr u c te d f o r u se a s a h o te l
a n d d w e llin g h o u s e .

A p p e n d ix H .— A B S T R A C T O F R E P O R T O F T H E C O M M I S ­
S IO N E R O F T H E B U R E A U O F N A V IG A T IO N .
( D a v i d B . C a r s o n , C o m m is s io n e r .)

A m e r ic a n s h i p p i n g r e g is t e r e d f o r th e f o r e ig n tr a d e a n d e n r o lle d
a n d lic e n s e d f o r th e c o a s t in g tr a d e , in c lu d in g th e fish e r ie s , o n J u n e
3 0 , 1921, c o m p r is e d 2 8 ,5 0 0 v e s s e ls o f 1 8 ,35 0 ,0 0 0 g r o s s t o n s c o m p a r e d
w it h 2 8 ,1 8 3 v e s s e ls o f 1 6 ,3 2 4 ,0 2 4 g r o s s to n s o n J u n e 3 0 , 1920. T h e
y e a r ’s in c r e a se in r o u n d n u m b e r s is 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 g r o s s t o n s c o m p a r e d
w it h 3 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 g r o s s t o n s f o r t h e p r e v io u s y e a r , a n d a s th e S h i p p i n g
B o a r d ’s b u ild in g p r o g r a m w i l l so o n b e c o m p le te d , th e in c r e a s e in
t o n n a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t fisca l y e a r w i l l b e m u c h s m a lle r ; in d e e d , i f
t h e w o o d e n s h ip s b u ilt u n d e r w a r c o n tr a c ts a re s tr ic k e n fr o m th e
r e g is t e r a n d b r o k e n u p , -our t o t a l t o n n a g e a t th e e n d o f th e y e a r
w i l l n o t m a t e r ia lly c h a n g e fr o m t h e p r e s e n t fig u r e .
A b r i e f a n a ly s is o f o u r s h ip p i n g o n J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 1 7 , j u s t a s t h e
U n it e d S t a t e s e n te r e d t h e w a r a n d a t th e c lo s e o f t h e fisc a l y e a r
J u n e 30, 1 9 2 1 , m a y h e l p to d e fin e th e p r e s e n t s it u a t io n . A m e r ic a n
s h ip p i n g f a l l s n a t u r a lly in to th r e e d iv is io n s , fir st, s e a g o in g s h ip s o f
500 g r o s s t o n s o r o v e r b y w h ic h p r a c t ic a lly a ll o u r f o r e ig n tr a d e a n d
n e a r ly a ll o u r c o a s t in g tr a d e b y se a a r e c a r r ie d o n ; se c o n d , s h ip p in g
o n th e G r e a t L a k e s ; a n d f in a lly , th e la r g e n u m b e r o f s m a ll v e s se ls
e m p lo y e d m a in ly o n r iv e r s , b a y s , a n d so u n d s c o n n e c te d w it h t h e
o c e a n s.
T h e f o ll o w i n g ta b le p r e s e n ts th e a n a l y s i s :
S e a g o in g .
J u n e 30—

G r and to ta l.

Nò.

Gross tons.

S h ip p in g H o ar d
(o v e r 1,000
g ross to n s).

No. Gross tons.

P r iv a t e o w n e r s
(o v e r 500
gross to n s).

G rea t L a k es.

No. Gross tons. No. Gross tons.

A ll o th e r s .

No. Gross tons.

1 92 1 ................. 2 8 ,5 0 0

1 8 ,3 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,79 8

7 ,9 9 3 ,7 7 1

1 ,92 5

5 ,2 4 0 ,6 3 0 2 ,9 0 0

2 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0

2 1 ,87 7

2 ,4 9 5 ,5 9 9

1 9 1 7 . . . . . ........ 2 6 ,3 9 7

8 ,8 7 1 ,0 3 7

19

7 6 ,1 6 0

1 ,55 2

3 ,5 0 1 ,1 6 0 3,00 1

2 ,7 7 9 ,0 8 7

2 1 ,8 2 5

2 ,4 5 1 ,6 3 0

9 ,4 7 8 ,9 6 3

1 ,77 9

7 ,9 1 7 ,6 1 1

373

1 ,6 7 6 ,4 7 0

-1 5 9 ,0 8 7

52

4 3 ,9 6 9

In crease___

2 ,1 0 3

-1 0 1

________
T h e t o n n a g e o f th e G r e a t L a k e s is le s s t h a n f o u r y e a r s a g o , a n d
th e to n n a g e o n r iv e r s , b a y s , a n d so u n d s c o n n e c tin g w it h th e o c e a n
a n d o f s m a lle r v e s se ls is p r a c t ic a lly u n c h a n g e d . T h e t o n n a g e o f
134

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

135

b o th th e se d iv is io n s is u n d e r th e p r o t e c t io n a ffo r d e d b y t h e r e se r v a ­
t io n o f th e c o a s t in g tr a d e to A m e r ic a n s h ip s a n d it is b o u n d t o r e ­
su m e i t s n o r m a l in c r e a s e w it h th e r e st o r a tio n o f n o r m a l c o n d it io n s
in in d u s t r y , m in in g , a n d a g r ic u lt u r e t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n t r y ; in d e e d ,
p r o j e c t s a re a lr e a d y u n d e r w a y f o r th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f la r g e r s h ip s o n
t h e G r e a t L a k e s th a n th o s e w it h w h ic h th e ir c o m m e r c e w a s c o n d u c te d
b e f o r e th e w a r .
U p t o th e a u t u m n o f 1920, t h e in c r e a se in o u r la r g e r s e a g o in g s h ip s
w a s c h ie fly in t h e f o r e ig n t r a d e , b u t fr o m th e e n d o f N o v e m b e r , 1920,
to J u n e 3 0 , 1 92 1 , th e in c r e a s e o f su c h s h ip s in th e c o a s t in g tr a d e
a m o u n te d to o v e r 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 g r o s s t o n s in t h e f o r e ig n tr a d e to o n ly
3 5 0 .0 0 0 g r o s s to n s , w h il e d u r in g J u n e a lo n e th e c o a s t in g tr a d e i n ­
c r e a se d 1 70 ,00 0 g r o s s t o n s , th e f o r e ig n tr a d e d e c r e a se d 8 0 ,0 0 0 to n s.
S o f a r fr o m d is c o u r a g in g , th e se in d ic a t io n s p o in t to a r e tu r n to n o r ­
m a l c o n d itio n s u n d e r w h ic h f o r m a n y y e a r s o u r v e s s e ls in th e c o a s t ­
i n g tr a d e s t e a d ily in c r e a se d in t o t a l t o n n a g e a n d in t h e a v e r a g e s iz e
o f o c e a n ste a m e r s a n d im p r o v e d t y p e u n t il w h e n w e e n te r e d t h e w a r
in 1917 t h e y , w it h o u r c o n t r a c t m a il s te a m s h ip s , s u p p lie d v i r t u a l ly
a ll th e A m e r ic a n t o n n a g e e n g a g e d in t r a n s p o r t in g o u r t r o o p s a n d
s u p p lie s t h r o u g h o u t t h a t y e a r a n d c o n tin u e d u p to th e a r m is tic e in
1918 to p e r fo r m a s h a r e in t h a t tr a n s p o r t a t io n e q u a l t o t h a t p e r ­
fo r m e d b y a s m a ll p o r t io n o f o u r fle et a c t u a lly b u ilt u n d e r G o v e r n ­
m e n t w a r c o n tr a c ts a n d in o p e r a tio n u p to t h a t d a te . T h e r e a rc n o
s tr u c t u r a l r e a so n s w h y th e b e tte r t y p e s o f o c e a n c a r r ie r s e m p lo y e d
in th e lo n g e r v o y a g e s o f o u r c o a s t in g tr a d e m a y n o t be e m p lo y e d in
m a n y b r a n c h e s o f th e f o r e ig n tr a d e . T h e r e a so n s t h e y w e r e n o t so
e m p lo y e d b e fo r e 1914 w e r e a lm o s t w h o lly f in a n c ia l, b e ca u se th e s h ip s
c o st m o re to b u ild a n d m o r e to o p e r a te th a n th e s h ip s u n d e r f o r e ig n
fla g s w it h w h ic h t h e y m u s t c o m p e te , a n d th o s e c o n d itio n s a r e n o w
r e a s s e r tin g t h e m s e lv e s .
IN SPECTIO N

OF

CARGO

STEAMERS.

I n th e ta b le a b o v e a re in c lu d e d 2 ,7 5 2 s e a g o in g o c ea n ste a m e r s o f
1.000 g r o s s t o n s o r o v e r a n d a g g r e g a t i n g 1 2 ,1 1 5,7 5 1 g r o s s to n s . O f
th e s e o n ly 2 3 8 o f 1 ,2 7 1,1 7 9 g r o s s t o n s a re p a s s e n g e r ste a m e r s. O v e r
90 p e r c e n t, a c c o r d in g ly , o f th e n u m b e r a n d n e a r ly 9 0 p e r c e n t o f th e
t o n n a g e w it h w h ic h m o s t o f o u r f o r e ig n tr a d e a n d t h e la r g e r p a r t o f
o u r c o a s tin g tr a d e b y sea a r e c o n d u c te d are o c e a n c a r g o ste a m e r s.
I n 1914 t h e n u m b e r o f A m e r ic a n c a r g o ste a m e r s in o v e r se a s tr a d e s
w a s t r if lin g a n d u p to o u r e n t r y in t o th e w a r in 1917 it w a s s m a ll,
a lt h o u g h c o a s t in g tr a d e s te a m e r s in c o n s id e r a b le n u m b e r s h a d b een
d iv e r t e d b y h ig h f r e i g h t r a te s to th e f o r e ig n tr a d e .
W it h in f o u r y e a r s, a c c o r d in g ly , t h e fleet o f A m e r ic a n o c e a n c a r g o
s te a m e r s h a s g r o w n fr o m a m o d e r a te t o n n a g e , a d e q u a te o n ly f o r o u r

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c o a s t in g tr a d e , to a t o n n a g e a p p r o x im a t in g , a t le a s t o n p a p e r , th e
c o r r e s p o n d in g o c e a n c a r g o fle e t u n d e r th e B r i t i s h fla g . T h e fig u r e s
j u s t g iv e n in c lu d e th e w o o d e n c a r g o s te a m e r s b u ilt u n d e r w a r c o n ­
t r a c t w h ic h a re b e in g d is p o s e d o f a s f a s t a s p o s s ib le a n d w i l l so o n
d is a p p e a r fr o m o u r t o n n a g e r e co r d s. F o r e c o n o m ic r e a so n s m o st
o f th e s m a lle r ste e l s te a m e r s b u ilt o n t h e G r e a t L a k e s f o r o c e a n tr a d e
a re n o t a d a p t a b le to c o m p e t itiv e f o r e ig n tr a d e s in t im e s o f p e a c e a n d
th e s u p p ly o f th e m e x c e e d s c u r r e n t c o a s t in g tr a d e r e q u ir e m e n ts.
B e f o r e th e w a r th e c o s t o f b u ild in g o c e a n s te e l c a r g o ste a m e r s w a s
so m u c h le s s in t h e U n it e d K in g d o m th a n in th e U n it e d S t a t e s t h a t
A m e r ic a n c a p it a l s e e k in g in v e s t m e n t in s h ip s in th e f o r e ig n tr a d e
r e so r te d to f o r e ig n s h ip y a r d s f o r th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f i t s s h ip s a n d to
f o r e ig n r e g is t r y a n d fla g s f o r t h e ir o p e r a tio n . T h e d iffe r e n c e in
i n it i a l c o st is v it a l b e c a u se in th e fo r m o f in te r e s t, in su r a n c e , a n d
d e p r e c ia tio n it m u st b e c a r r ie d a ll t h r o u g h t h e l i f e o f t h e s h ip a n d
th e se ite m s a g g r e g a t e a n n u a lly a c o n s id e r a b ly la r g e r su m t h a n th e
e n t ir e p a y r o ll o f officers a n d c r e w a n d t h e c o st o f th e ir s u b siste n c e .
T h e d iffe r e n c e in th e fir st c o s t o f o u r c a r g o s h ip s b u ilt u n d e r w a r
c o n tr a c ts a n d o f f o r e ig n s h ip s w it h w h ic h t h e y e n te r in to c o m p e t i­
t io n is e v e n g r e a te r n o w t h a n w a s t h a t d iffe r e n c e b e fo r e 1914. T h e
S . S . Mauretania, th e f a s t e s t a n d o n e o f t h e la r g e s t B r i t i s h tr a n sA t l a n t i c m a il a n d p a s s e n g e r s h ip s , c o s ts le s s p e r g r o s s t o n t o b u ild
t h a n m o st o f o u r c a r g o s te a m e r s , i n c lu d in g th e w o o d e n s h ip s , b u ilt
u n d e r w a r c o n tr a c ts . C o m p e t it io n w o u ld b e im p o s s ib le w e r e n o t
t h e r e m e d y f o r th e s it u a t io n a t h a n d in t h e p o w e r s b e s to w e d u p o n
t h e S h i p p i n g B o a r d b y t h e m e r c h a n t m a r in e a c t, 1920, o r b y a m o d if i­
c a tio n o f t h a t a c t. T h e w a r c o s t o f t h e c a r g o s h ip s w a s f a r above
t h e ir v a lu e f o r f o r e ig n tr a d e in th e se d a y s , b u t i t c an b e r e d u c e d to
a n a m o u n t a t w h ic h c o m p e t itio n w i l l b e fe a s ib le , so f a r a s t h a t d i f ­
f e r e n c e in t h e fo r m o f in te r e s t, in s u r a n c e , a n d d e p r e c ia tio n a re fix e d
f a c to r s in s h i p p i n g c o m p e titio n .
A p r o p e r s te p to w a r d s e c u r in g m o r e e q u a l te r m s o f c o m p e t itio n
b e tw e e n A m e r ic a n a n d B r it is h o c e a n c a r g o ste a m e r s a s w e ll a s a
s t e p to w a r d p r o m o tin g A m e r ic a n c o m m e r c e w a s ta k e n in s e c t io n 2 6
o f th e m e r c h a n t m a r in e a c t, 1 9 2 0 , b y w h ic h c a r g o s te a m e r s w e r e
a llo w e d to c a r r y a s m a ll n u m b e r o f p a s s e n g e r s w it h o u t c o m p ly in g
w it h a ll th e r e q u ir e m e n ts im p o s e d o n p a s s e n g e r ste a m e r s . F o r m a n y
y e a r s th e B r i t i s h la w h a s r e g a r d e d n o B r i t i s h s h ip a s a p a s s e n g e r
s h ip u n le s s i t c a r r ie d m o r e th a n 12 p a s s e n g e r s a n d o n ly s u c h s h ip s
a re s u b je c t t o a n n u a l s u r v e y o r in s p e c t io n . T h e t r e a tm e n t o f o cea n
c a r g o s te a m e r s u n d e r A m e r ic a n a n d B r i t i s h la w is b a se d o n t w o
q u ite d iff e r e n t a p p lic a t io n s o f th e p r in c ip le t h a t G o v e r n m e n t s h o u ld
ta k e n e c e ss a r y p r e c a u tio n s to se c u r e fir st th e s a f e t y o f th o s e o n b o a r d ,
th e n o f th e c a r g o r e p r e s e n t in g t h e c o u n t r y ’s c o m m er ce , a n d f in a lly ,
r e a so n a b ly e q u a l te r m s o f c o m p e t itio n , so f a r a s G o v e r n m e n t m a y

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

137

d e a l w it h t h is la s t - n a m e d su b je c t. S u c h s a f e t y d e p e n d s fir st o n th e
s tr u c t u r e o f th e h u ll o f th e s h ip a n d o n i t s m a c h in e r y ; se c o n d , o n
t h e d e p th to w h ic h th e s h ip c a n b e lo a d e d w it h s a f e t y a c c o r d in g to
i t s v o y a g e ; t h ir d , th e lif e b o a t s a n d o th e r l i f e - s a v i n g e q u ip m e n t, f o r
u se in e v e n t o f c o llis io n , fire , o r o th e r c a s u a lt y , i n c lu d in g o f la te
y e a r s w ir e le s s a p p a r a t u s ; a n d f o u r th , th e q u a lific a tio n s a n d n u m ­
b ers o f th e officers a n d c r e w r e q u ir e d to n a v ig a t e th e s h ip . U n d e r
o r d in a r y c o n d itio n s t h e s tr u c tu r e o f a c a r e f u l ly a n d s k i l l f u l l y b u ilt
s h i p d o e s n o t c h a n g e a p p r e c ia b ly f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s, w h ile so m e o f
t h e officers a n d m o r e o f th e c r e w a r e l ik e ly to c h a n g e w it h e v e r y
v o y a g e a n d th e l if e - s a v i n g e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e r e p le n is h e d o r r e n e w e d
a t s o m e w h a t fr e q u e n t in te r v a ls .
M a r in e in s u r a n c e a n t e d a te s b y c e n tu r ie s t h e a c t iv e c o n c e r n o f
G o v e r n m e n t s w i t h t h e e le m e n ts o f s a f e t y in n a v ig a t io n j u s t r e c ite d ,
a n d to m e r c h a n t s h i p p i n g a n d tr a d e b y se a c o m p lia n c e w it h it s
r e q u ir e m e n ts is a s e s s e n t ia l a s c o m p lia n c e w it h t h e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f
G o v e r n m e n ts. T o m e e t th e se r e q u ir e m e n ts t h e g r e a t s h ip c la s s ific a ­
t io n s o c ie t ie s w e r e e s ta b lis h e d d u r in g t h e la s t c e n tu r y , o f w h ic h th e
B r i t i s h L l o y d s ’ R e g is t e r is t h e o ld e s t a n d m o s t w id e ly k n o w n , a n d
t h e r e o r g a n iz e d A m e r ic a n B u r e a u o f S h i p p i n g t h e r e c o g n iz e d i n s t i ­
t u t io n o f th e U n it e d S t a te s . T h e s e c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie t ie s m a in t a in
c o r p s o f t r a in e d n a v a l a r c h it e c t s , m a r in e e n g in e e r s , a n d s u r v e y o r s to
e s t a b lis h te c h n ic a l r u le s o f c o n s tr u c t io n , t o se e t h a t t h e y a r e c o m ­
p lie d w it h d u r in g th e b u ild in g o f th e s h ip a n d b y s u r v e y a f t e r a
c a s u a lt y to d e te r m in e t h e n e c e ss a r y r e p a ir s to r e st o r e s e a w o r th in e s s ,
o r f r o m t im e to t im e to m a k e s u r v e y s in v ie w o f d e p r e c ia tio n . U p o n
t h e c la s s ific a tio n o f a s h ip b y o n e o f t h e s e s o c ie t ie s t h e r a te o f in s u r ­
a n c e o f th e s h ip d e p e n d s in la r g e m e a s u r e , a n d t h is is e q u a lly t r u e o f
A m e r ic a n a n d B r i t i s h o c e a n c a r g o s te a m e r s a s w e ll a s o f t h o s e u n d e r
o t h e r fla g s.
T h e d iff e r e n c e b e tw e e n th e A m e r ic a n a n d t h e B r i t i s h a p p lic a t io n
o f t h e p r in c ip le t h a t th e S t a t e s h o u ld c o n c e r n i t s e l f w it h t h e s a f e t y
o f th e o c ea n c a r g o s te a m e r lie s in th e f a c t t h a t , so f a r a s t h e c o n s tr u c ­
t io n o f th e h u ll a n d m a c h in e r y is c o n c e r n e d , th e U n it e d K in g d o m
r e lie s m a in ly o n c o m p lia n c e w it h t h e r u le s o f L l o y d s ’ o r th e B r i t i s h
C o r p o r a t io n o r o th e r r e c o g n iz e d c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie t ie s w h o se s u r ­
v e y o r s s u p e r in te n d th e c o n s tr u c t io n o f t h e s h ip s . O n th e o th e r h a n d ,
th e G o v e r n m e n t o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s r e q u ir e s a n n u a l in s p e c t io n b y
F e d e r a l in s p e c t o r s , a lt h o u g h t h e A m e r ic a n s h ip o w n e r , lik e th e B r i t i s h
o r N o r w e g ia n , is in la r g e m e a su r e d e p e n d e n t f o r h is m a r in e in s u r ­
a n c e u p o n th e c la s s ific a tio n o f h is s h ip b y t h e A m e r ic a n B u r e a u o f
S h i p p i n g , L l o y d s ’ R e g is t e r , o r th e N o r s k e V e r it a s , a s t h e c a se m a y be.
I t is n o d is p a r a g e m e n t to w o r t h y m e n in t h e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n
S e r v ic e to s t a t e t h a t t h e y d o n o t h a v e , a s a r u le , th e t e c h n ic a l k n o w l­
e d g e r eq u ire d , to fr a m e r u le s f o r c o n s tr u c t io n o f h u lls , n o r d o th e y

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h a v e th e tim e , in v ie w o f o t h e r w o r k , to s u p e r v is e th e a c tu a l a p p lic a ­
tio n o f th e r u le s d u r in g th e b u ild in g o f s h ip s , a n d t h e s a la r ie s p a id
a n d a p p r o p r ia tio n s v o t e d a re in su fficie n t to se cu r e th e n u m b e r a n d
k in d o f m e n r e q u ire d . T h e o w n e r o f th e A m e r ic a n c a r g o s te a m e r ,
a c c o r d in g ly , is s u b je c t to r e g u la t io n b y th e c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie t y ,
c o r r e s p o n d in g to th e B r i t i s h s h ip o w n e r ’s r e g u la t io n , a n d in a d d it io n
to th e a n n u a l in s p e c t io n s o f th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e . T h e
F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t, to be su r e , m a k e s n o m o n e y c h a r g e f o r t h is
in s p e c t io n , b u t o c c u r r in g a t fix e d d a te s e v e r y y e a r th e a n n u a l in s p e c ­
tio n ( e x c e p t o n t h e G r e a t L a k e s w h e r e th e c lo s e o f n a v i g a t i o n b y
ic e c h a n g e s c o n d itio n s s o m e w h a t) c a n n o t f a i l f r e q u e n tly to w i t h ­
d r a w a s h ip f o r a tim e fr o m p r o fita b le o c c u p a tio n . I t m a y b e s a id
in e x p la n a t io n o f tb e d u a l s y s te m o f h u ll in s p e c tio n in th e U n it e d
S t a t e s th a t u n t il r e c e n t ly t h e r e w a s n o A m e r ic a n c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie t y
r e c o g n iz e d a s c o m p e te n t to p e r fo r m f o r A m e r ic a n s h ip p in g th e s e r v ­
ic e s p e r fo r m e d f o r B r it is h s h ip p i n g b y L lo y d s ’ S o c ie t y , b u t it is h a r d
to se e h o w su c h a s o c ie t y c o u ld h a v e b ee n e s ta b lis h e d a n d m a in t a in e d
w h ile t h e G o v e r n m e n t w a s m a in t a in in g i t s o w n s y s te m o f in s p e c tio n .
I t w o u ld te n d to c r e a te m o re e v e n c o n d itio n s o f c o m p e t itio n in
f o r e ig n tr a d e i f th e se tw o s y s te m s o f h u ll in s p e c tio n s h o u ld n o t
c o n tin u e to r u n p a r a lle l. M y p r e d e c e s s o r s e e m s to h a v e ta k e n th e
sa m e v ie w in r e c o m m e n d in g t h a t th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e
be in tr u s te d w it h th e w o r k o f c la s s ific a tio n o f s h ip s , w h ic h w o u ld
in v o lv e a la r g e in c r e a se in th e n u m b e r o f t h e p e r s o n n e l a n d c o n ­
s id e r a b ly h ig h e r t e c h n ic a l a tta im n e n ts , a n d w o u ld e n d t h e A m e r ic a n
c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie ty . M u c h m ig h t be s a id f o r t h is r e c o m m e n d a tio n
i f th e A m e r ic a n m e r c h a n t m a r in e w e r e to c o n t in u e u n d e r G o v e r n ­
m e n t o w n e r s h ip a n d o p e r a tio n . T h e a im , h o w e v e r , is to r e sto r e o u r
m e r c h a n t s h ip p i n g to p r iv a te o w n e r s h ip a n d o p e r a tio n a s r a p id ly
a s p o s s ib le , a n d e v e r y p r iv a t e in s t r u m e n t a lit y n e e d e d f o r th e s u c c e s s ­
f u l o p e r a tio n o f su c h a m e r c h a n t m a r in e s h o u ld be d e v e lo p e d . T h e
r e c a s t in g o f o u r in s p e c t io n la w s a lo n g th e s e lin e s in o r d e r t o s e c u r e
m o r e e v e n c o n d it io n s o f in te r n a t io n a l c o m p e t itio n is r e c o m m e n d e d .
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W h ile w e h a v e a d u a l s y s te m f o r th e in s p e c tio n o f th e h u lls o f
o c e a n c a r g o s te a m e r s , w e h a v e n o s ta t u t o r y r e g u la t io n w h a te v e r o f
th e lo a d w h ic h s u c h s te a m e r s c a n c a r r y w it h s a f e t y , t h o u g h f o r
o b v io u s r e a so n s u c h r e g u la t io n f o r m a n y y e a r s h a s b e e n in fo r c e o n
B r it is h . N o r w e g ia n , a n d o th e r f o r e ig n s h ip s a n d a la w u p o n th e
s u b je c t w a s p a ss e d t h is y e a r b y th e J a p a n e s e P a r lia m e n t . I n p o r ts
o f th e se n a t io n s , a c c o r d in g ly , A m e r ic a n s h ip s m u s t b e m a r k e d w it h
lo a d lin e s a c c o r d in g to th e lo a d -lin e la w o f th e p o r t, a ll o f w h ic h ,
h o w e v e r , a re b a sed o n B r i t i s h fr e e b o a r d ta b le s a n d a g r e e s u b s t a n ­

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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t i a l l y w it h B r it is h la w . T h e s tr u c tu r e a n d d im e n s io n s o f th e h u ll
o f th e c a r g o s te a m e r , o f c o u r s e , d e te r m in e g e n e r a lly t h e a m o u n t o f
c a r g o i t c a n c a r r y s a f e l y , t h o u g h t h is v a r ie s s o m e w h a t w it h th e
s e a so n o f th e y e a r a n d th e w a te r s to b e tr a v e r s e d . T h e m a r k in g o f
lo a d lin e s , a c c o r d in g y . is i n t r u s t e d ' to th e c la s s ific a tio n s o c ie t ie s ,
s u b je c t t o a p p r o v a l o f G o v e r n m e n t a u th o r it ie s . T o m e e t t h e e m ­
b a r r a s sm e n ts c a u s e d to A m e r ic a n s h i p p i n g b y th e la c k o f lo a d -lin e
l e g is la t io n , a n in f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t w a s m a d e in 1919 w it h th e
a u t h o r it ie s o f t h e U n it e d K in g d o m b y w h ic h lo a d lin e s m a r k e d
b y th e A m e r ic a n B u r e a u o f S h i p p i n g a c c o r d in g to B r i t i s h fr e e b o a r d
ta b le s a n d r u le s a re r e c o g n iz e d t e m p o r a r ily . T h is a r r a n g e m e n t, o f
c o u r se , c a n n o t b e m a in t a in e d in d e f in it e ly , a n d th e e n a c tm e n t o f a
lo a d -lin e la w , w h ic h th e g r o w t h o f o u r fle e t o f o c e a n c a r g o ste a m e r s
in f o r e ig n tr a d e m a d e n e c e ss a r y t w o y e a r s a g o , is a g a in r e c o m m e n d e d
a n d , in d e e d , is e s s e n t ia l to th e m o d if ic a tio n o f t h e in s p e c tio n s y s te m
j u s t o u t lin e d . T h e e n a c tm e n t o f th e lo a d - lin e b ill w ill r e q u ir e th e
c r e a tio n o f a s m a ll te c h n ic a l sta ff in th e D e p a r t m e n t .
OCEAN

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O n e o f th e m o st v a lu a b le r e su lts o f t h e I n t e r n a t io n a l C o n fe r e n c e
o n S a f e t y o f L i f e a t S e a , h e ld in L o n d o n in 1 9 1 3 -1 4 , f o ll o w i n g th e
lo s s o f th e S . S . Titanic , w a s a n a g r e e m e n t a m o n g m a r it im e n a t io n s
o n th e g e n e r a l r u le s w h ic h s h o u ld g o v e r n th e s u b d iv is io n o f h u lls o f
o c e a n p a s s e n g e r s te a m e r s , c a r r y in g o f t e n s e v e r a l th o u s a n d p a s s e n ­
g e r s. T h e S e n a t e o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s r a t if ie d th e in te r n a tio n a l
c o n v e n t io n b u t w it h a r e se r v a tio n w h ic h h a s d e la y e d th e p r o c la m a ­
t io n o f th e c o n v e n t io n a n d i t s t r a n s m is s io n . I n th e m e a n tim e G r e a t
B r it a in , F r a n c e , a n d o th e r P o w e r s r a tifie d it a n d h a v e ta k e n p r e ­
lim in a r y s te p s t o w a r d it s e x e c u tio n . S o m e m o d if ic a tio n s o f t h e p r o ­
p o s e d r u le s c o n c e r n in g s u b d iv is io n o f h u lls o f p a s s e n g e r s h ip s h a v e
b e e n f o u n d d e s ir a b le in v ie w o f th e e x p e r ie n c e g a in e d fr o m t h e t e r ­
r ib le lo ss o f l i f e t h r o u g h th e s in k in g o f m a n y p a s s e n g e r s h ip s b y
su b m a r in e w a r f a r e , d ir e c te d p a r t ic u la r ly a g a in s t su c h s h ip s a n d s u b ­
j e c t in g t h e ir h u lls to e v e r y fo r m o f s t r a in t h r o u g h th e e x p lo s io n o f
to r p e d o e s . I n f o r m a l c o n v e r s a t io n s o n d e s ir a b le c h a n g e s in th e r u le s
fr a m e d in 1 9 1 3 - 1 4 h a v e b e en h e ld , a n d p r e p a r a tio n s h o u ld b e m a d e
f o r p a r t ic ip a t io n b y t h e U n it e d S t a t e s in th e fin a l d is c u s s io n o f th e
r u le s a n d f o r th e ir a d m in is t r a t io n in t h is c o u n t r y , b e c a u se t h e p o s ­
s e ss io n o f a la r g e m e r c h a n t fle e t b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s e n t a ils r e s p o n ­
s ib ilit ie s , f o r th e d is c h a r g e o f w h ic h w e a r e t h u s f a r p r o v id e d w it h
in a d e q u a te a d m in is t r a t iv e p e r s o n n e l.
T h e f a s t e r o c e a n p a s s e n g e r s te a m e r s c a r r y th e m a ils a n d are
a d a p t a b le to s e r v ic e a s tr o o p tr a n s p o r t s o r a u x ilia r y c r u is e r s , a n d
th e w a r sh o w e d h o w in d is p e n s a b le t h e y a r e to a m a r itim e n a t io n .

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

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F o r th e se s e r v ic e s to G o v e r n m e n t, a c tu a l o r p r o s p e c tiv e , m o s t o f
th e m u n d e r f o r e ig n fla g s o p e r a te u n d e r m a il s u b s id y c o n tr a c ts w i t h
th e ir r e s p e c t iv e G o v e r n m e n ts. T h e m e r c h a n t m a r in e a c t, 1 9 2 0 , in
s e c tio n s 7 a n d 2 4 a u th o r iz e d s u c h c o n tr a c ts w it h A m e r ic a n o c e a n
p a s s e n g e r s t e a m s h ip lin e s , s u b je c t o n ly to th e a m o u n t o f th e a p p r o ­
p r ia tio n s w h ic h C o n g r e s s m a y se e fit to v o te f o r th e s e e s s e n t ia lly
n a t io n a l p u r p o se s.
RAD IO

CO M M U N ICA TIO N .

T h e r e g u la t io n o f r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n h a s b e c o m e a m a tt e r o f
in c r e a s in g in t r ic a c y a n d d iffic u lty o w in g to th e r a p id d e v e lo p m e n t
o f th e a r t d u r in g th e w a r a n d s in c e it s c lo s e a n d to n e w p u r p o s e s to
w h ic h it is b e in g a p p lie d . O u r o w n le g is la t io n o f 1910 a n d 1912
a n d th e in te r n a t io n a l r a d io te le g r a p h c o n v e n tio n o f 1 9 1 2 w e r e fr a m e d
a lm o s t e n t ir e ly f o r th e p u r p o s e o f s e c u r in g r a d io té lé g r a p h ie c o m ­
m u n ic a tio n w it h th e le a s t p r a c tic a b le in te r f e r e n c e b e tw e e n s h ip s at
se a a n d t h e c o a s t, o r b e tw e e n s h ip s a t se a w it h o n e a n o th e r . T h e
le g is la t io n a n d th e in t e r n a t io n a l c o n v e n t io n h a v e b e en r e a so n a b ly
s u c c e s s f u l in a c c o m p lis h in g t h a t p u r p o s e , b u t b o th , e s p e c ia lly th e
c o n v e n t io n , c o n t a in te c h n ic a l r e s t r a in ts , p r o p e r e n o u g h a t th e t im e ,
b u t n o w r e n d e r e d o b so le te b y r e c e n t sc ie n tif ic d e v e lo p m e n ts a n d im ­
p r o v e m e n ts in m e th o d s a n d a p p a r a tu s . O f e v e n g r e a te r p r e s e n t i n ­
te r e st, h o w e v e r , is t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n a c r o ss
th e o c e a n b e tw e e n c o n t in e n t s b y h ig h - p o w e r e d s ta t io n s , a n d t h e
in c r e a s in g u se o f w ir e le s s c o m m u n ic a tio n b e tw e e n s t a t io n s o n th e
la n d , w h e r e it is s u p p le m e n t in g th e c o m m u n ic a tio n h ith e r t o m a in ­
t a in e d b y t e le g r a p h a n d t e le p h o n e w ir e s. T h e r a d io t e le p h o n e m u s t
b e r e c o g n iz e d a s a n e s ta b lis h e d f a c t , t h o u g h y e t in i t s in f a n c y .
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s u c h in te r fe r e n c e a n d w ill d o u b tle s s d o m o r e , b u t in te r fe r e n c e is s t i l l
th e im p o r ta n t fa c to r t o b e c o n s id e r e d fr o m

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p r a c tic a l u se to -d a y o f t h is in d is p e n s a b le m e a n s o f c o m m u n ic a tio n .
F o r o b v io u s r e a s o n s th e b a s ic r e g u la tio n o f r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n
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lim in a r y c o n fe r e n c e a t W a s h in g t o n o n e le c tr ic a l c o m m u n ic a tio n s , a t ­
t e n d e d i n t h e a u t u m n o f 1920 b y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

141

G r e a t B r i t a i n , F r a n c e , I t a l y , a n d J a p a n , p r e p a r e d th e d r a f t o f an
in t e r n a t io n a l c o n v e n t io n o n e le c tr ic a l c o m m u n ic a tio n b y t e le g r a p h ,
te le p h o n e , a n d r a d io , a n d th e p o r t io n s r e la t iv e to r a d io c o m m u n ic a ­
t io n h a v e b e e n u n d e r r e v ie w d u r in g t h e su m m e r b y a n in te r n a t io n a l
t e c h n ic a l c o m m itt e e , t h e A m e r ic a n m e m b e r s h ip o f w h ic h in c lu d e d
c o m p e te n t r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s o f th e D e p a r tm e n t. T h e p r e lim in a r y w o r k
f o r th e r e v is io n o f th e in te r n a t io n a l r e g u la t io n o f r a d io c o m m u n i­
c a tio n is t h u s f a i r l y w e ll in h a n d . I t m a y b e b e s t, t h e r e f o r e , t o a w a it
th e s u b m is s io n to th e S e n a t e o f t h e r e v is e d in te r n a t io n a l c o n v e n tio n
b e f o r e c o n s id e r in g t h e b ill to c h a n g e o u r o w n la w s , a lt h o u g h t h a t
b ill w a s d r a w n so a s to b e r e a d ily a d a p t a b le in a d m in is t r a t io n to th e
c h a n g e s p r o b a b le in th e c o n v e n tio n . I f , h o w e v e r , a c o n v e n t io n s h a ll
b e s u b m it t e d a n d r a tifie d , b r in g in g o u r t e le g r a p h a n d t e le p h o n e s y s ­
te m s, a s w e ll a s r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n , w i t h in in t e r n a t io n a l r e g u la ­
t io n s , a c h a n g e in th e m e th o d o f a d m in is t r a t io n in t h is c o u n tr y w ill
b e n e c e ssa r y . T h e D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e , a s th e d e p a r tm e n t a d ­
m in is t e r in g s h ip p i n g la w s g e n e r a lly , w a s n a t u r a lly c h a r g e d w it h
t h e a d m in is t r a t io n o f th e r a d io le g is la t io n o f 1910 a n d 1 9 1 2 t h r o u g h
t h e B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n . I t s r a d io in s p e c t io n s e r v ic e i s c o n fin e d
to th e se a b o a r d a n d th e G r e a t L a k e s f o r w h ic h th e s m a ll a n n u a l
a p p r o p r ia tio n , $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 , s c a n t ily p r o v id e s. A s a lr e a d y p o in t e d o u t,
t h e p r e s e n t d e v e lo p m e n t o f r a d io c o m m u n ic a tio n is o v e r t h e la n d
o r b e tw e e n d is t a n t c o n tin e n ts . A fo r c e o f in la n d in s p e c t o r s m u st
s o o n b e p r o v id e d in a n y e v e n t, a n d i f th e U n it e d S t a t e s is a lso to
e x e r c is e a n y m e a su r e o f s u p e r v is io n u n d e r in t e r n a t io n a l r u le s o v e r
t e le g r a p h s a n d te le p h o n e s , a ll n e c e ss a r y r e g u la t io n o f e le c tr ic a l c o m ­
m u n ic a t io n s c o u ld p r o p e r ly b e a d m in is t e r e d b y th e P o s t O ffice D e ­
p a r t m e n t w h ic h is a lr e a d y r e p r e se n te d e v e n in r e m o te h a m le ts.
T h e a c t o f J u n e 2 4, 1 9 1 0 , r e q u ir in g w ir e le s s a p p a r a tu s a n d o p e r ­
a to r s o n a l l s h ip s c a r r y in g 50 o r m o r e p e r s o n s h a s b e e n a d o p te d in
su b s ta n c e b y a ll th e p r in c ip a l m a r it im e n a t io n s a n d t h e a m e n d m e n t
in 1 91 2 to t h a t a c t, r e q u ir in g a c o n tin u o u s w ir e le s s w a t c h , w a s i n ­
c o r p o r a te d in th e I n t e r n a t io n a l C o n v e n tio n f o r S a f e t y o f L i f e a t
S e a o f 1914.
T h e B r i t i s h la w o f 1912 r e q u ir e s a ll s h ip s o f 1 ,60 0 g r o s s to n s o r
o v e r to b e e q u ip p e d w it h w ir e le s s a p p a r a t u s a n d o p e r a to r s . N e a r ly
a ll s u c h A m e r ic a n s h ip s n o t a lr e a d y s u b je c t to th e a c t o f 1910 a re
o w n e d b y t h e S h i p p i n g B o a r d , w h ic h v o lu n t a r ily e q u ip s th e m
w ir e le s s a p p a r a tu s a n d o p e r a to r s , so t h a t t h e r e is n o im m e d ia te
o f c o n s id e r in g a n a m e n d m e n t in t h is r e sp e c t o f t h e a c t o f 1910.
c o n t in u o u s w a tc h u n d e r t h e A m e r ic a n la w is m a in t a in e d b y

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lic e n s e d o p e r a to r s ; u n d e r t h e B r i t i s h la w b y o n e lic e n s e d o p e r a to r
a n d t w o w a tc h e r s, tr a in e d to r e c e iv e e le m e n ta r y s ig n a ls a n d m e s ­
s a g e s b u t n o t s k ille d in s e n d in g th e m . O u r o w n s y s te m is p r e f e r ­
a b le.

142

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
SH IPPING

COM M ISSIO NERS.

D u r i n g t h e y e a r 6 5 0 ,8 4 0 officers a n d m e n h a v e b e e n s h ip p e d , r e ­
s h ip p e d , a n d d is c h a r g e d , i n c lu d in g r e p e a te d s h ip m e n t s a n d d is ­
c h a r g e s b y s h i p p i n g c o m m is s io n e r s, c o m p a r e d w it h 6 2 8 ,8 9 0 f o r th e
p r e v io u s fis c a l y e a r a n d 3 7 8 ,7 7 2 f o r t h e y e a r 1914. C o lle c t o r s o f
c u sto m s, a c t in g a s s h i p p i n g c o m m iss io n e r s a t p o r ts w h e r e th e se
officers a re n o t e s ta b lis h e d , s h ip p e d a n d d is c h a r g e d d u r in g th e y e a r
5 6 ,3 6 6 officers a n d m e n c o m p a r e d w it h 6 3 ,4 2 6 d u r in g th e p r e v io u s
year.
T h e d u t ie s o f d e p u t y s h ip p in g c o m m is s io n e r s r e q u ir e t h e ir p r e s ­
e n c e o n b o a r d A m e r ic a n s h ip s to s ig n on a n d p a y o ff c r e w s w h e n
s h ip s a r e a b o u t to d e p a r t o r h a v e j u s t a r r iv e d . S h i p s ’ m o v e m e n ts
a re n o t a lw a y s d e te r m in e d b y office h o u r s , a n d to s a v e c o n s id e r a b le
e x p e n s e s t h e ir c o n v e n ie n c e m u st b e c o n s u lte d . T h e p a y p o s s ib le to
d e p u ty c o m m is s io n e r s, u n d e r p a r s im o n io u s a p p r o p r ia tio n s a llo w e d ,
h a s b e e n q u ite in a d e q u a te a n d th e p r a c tic e h a s g r o w n o f a c c e p tin g
g r a t u it ie s f o r s e r v ic e s , w h ic h is s u b v e r s iv e o f d is c ip lin e . I n c o n s e ­
q u e n c e c o n s id e r a b le c h a n g e s in th e s e r v ic e h a v e b e e n n e c e ssa r y . T h e
c o n d itio n s w h ic h le d to th e m c a n b e p e r m a n e n tly a n d s a t is f a c t o r ily
r e m e d ie d , h o w e v e r , o n ly b y a p p r o p r ia tio n s su ffic ie n t to in s u r e s a la r ie s
to t h is s e r v ic e w h ic h w i l l e n a b le t h e m e n to l iv e a n d s u p p o r t th e ir
f a m ilie s . T h e e s tim a t e s o f a p p r o p r ia tio n s f o r th e s h i p p i n g c o m m is ­
s io n e r s a n d th e ir d e p u t ie s f o r n e x t y e a r h a v e b e e n a p p r e c ia b ly i n ­
c r e a se d f o r t h i s r e a so n .
O f 3 2 1,2 3 5 officers a n d m e n s h ip p e d b e fo r e s h i p p i n g c o m m is s io n e r s,
1 23 ,62 2 w e r e n a t iv e A m e r ic a n s a n d 3 2 ,0 4 9 n a t u r a liz e d A m e r ic a n s , in
a ll 1 55 ,6 71 , o r a t r ifle o v e r 4 8 p e r c e n t, c o m p a r e d w it h 50 p e r c e n t
th e p r e v io u s y e a r . F o r 10 y e a r s b e f o r e th e o u tb r e a k o f th e w a r th e
p r o p o r tio n o f A m e r ic a n s s h ip p e d b y s h ip p in g c o m m iss io n e r s a n ­
n u a lly r a n g e d fr o m 4 7 to 4 9 p e r c e n t, a n d fr o m 1915 t o 1 9 1 8 i t f e l l
to a n a v e r a g e o f 4 3 p e r c e n t, in 1919 it w a s 4 7 .6 p e r c e n t, a n d in 1920
it w a s 5 0.5 p e r c e n t. T h e p r o v is io n o f t h e s e a m e n ’s la w w h ic h r e ­
q u ir e s 65 p e r c e n t o f t h e d e c k c r e w o f c a r g o ste a m e r s , w h ic h m a k e
u p th e b u lk o f o u r m e r c h a n t fle e t, to b e a b le se a m e n o f t h r e e y e a r s ’
e x p e r ie n c e o n d e c k a t se a is a d is c o u r a g e m e n t t o y o u n g A m e r ic a n s
d e s ir in g to f o ll o w th e se a , a n d t h a t p e r io d o f t im e is n o t , in f a c t ,
r e q u ir e d to q u a lif y a y o u n g m a n to p e r fo r m a ll t h e d u t ie s im p o s e d
o n m e n in t h e d e c k d e p a r tm e n t o f m o d e r n o ce an c a r g o ste a m e r s .
O th e r m a r itim e n a t io n s d o n o t im p o s e s u c h a r e q u ir e m e n t o n th e ir
c a r g o c a r r ie r s , e x c e p t N o r w a y , w h ic h r e q u ir e s a t r ifle o v e r 5 0 p e r
c e n t o f th e d e c k c r e w s o f c a r g o c a r r ie r s t o b e m e n o f t h r e e y e a r s ’
se r v ic e , a n d w it h i t s g r e a t s e a f a r i n g p o p u la t io n , f o r g e n e r a tio n s
e m p lo y e d o n s h ip b o a r d , t h is r e q u ir e m e n t is , in f a c t , n o su c h h a n d i­
c a p a s th e r e q u ir e m e n t o f 65 p e r c e n t o n c r e w s s h ip p e d i n t h e U n it e d
S t a te s .

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
ENFORCEMENT

OF THE

N A V IG A TIO N

143

LAWS.

D u r i n g th e fisc a l y e a r 1921 th e v a r io u s s e r v ic e s o f t h e B u r e a u r e ­
p o r te d 1 0 ,7 0 7 v io la t io n s o f th e n a v ig a t io n la w s . T h e v i o la t io n s , o f
t h e v a r io u s la w s a f fe c tin g m o to r b o a t s a n d t h e r u le s o f th e r o a d h a v e
in c r e a s e d fr o m 5 ,7 2 2 t o 7 ,4 4 8 . T h is in c r e a s e is d u e to a c o n s id e r a b le
e x t e n t to th e in c r e a s e d a c t iv it ie s o f th e D e p a r t m e n t ’s fiv e in s p e c t io n
v e s se ls . T h e r e is a d e c r e a s e fr o m 2 ,6 5 0 t o 1 ,09 0 in t h e n u m b e r o f
v io la t io n s o f t h e s te a m b o a t -in s p e c tio n l a w s r e p o r te d to th e D e p a r t ­
m e n t.
T h e a t te m p ts o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t to e n f o r c e t h e la w in r e g a r d to
t h e d o c u m e n tin g o f y a c h t s , s e c u r in g th e su r r e n d e r o f lic e n s e s o f v e s ­
s e ls o n e x p ir a t io n , p r e v e n t in g t h e t r a n s p o r t a t io n o f a u to m o b ile s w it h
th e fir es n o t e x t in g u is h e d a n d th e m o to r s r u n n in g , p r e v e n t in g th e
o v e r c r o w d in g o f p a s s e n g e r s te a m e r s , a n d p r e v e n t in g f o r e ig n v e s se ls
fr o m e n g a g i n g in t h e A m e r ic a n fish e r ie s , h a v e e m p h a s iz e d th e n e c e s ­
s i t y f o r p r o v id in g a n d a d j u s t in g p e n a lt ie s f o r v io la t io n o f th e la w s
c o v e r in g th e se im p o r t a n t su b je c t s h a v i n g to d o w it h s a f e t y t o l i f e
a n d p r o p e r ty .
D u r i n g t h e fis c a l y e a r 1921 th e n a v ig a t io n a n d c u s to m s officers in
th e c a se o f 1 1 .10 6 t r ip s o f e x c u r s io n s te a m e r s c o u n te d 5 ,1 4 1 ,0 9 9 p a s ­
s e n g e r s . a n e x c e s s o f n e a r ly 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 o v e r th e p r e v io u s y e a r . T h e n a v i ­
g a t io n in s p e c t o r s m a d e 8 ,9 6 0 c o u n ts o f 3 ,2 2 4 ,2 3 2 p a s s e n g e r s . T h e im ­
p o r ta n c e o f t h is c h e c k o n t h e l o a d in g o f p a s s e n g e r v e s s e ls is s h o w n
b y th e f a c t t h a t o n 370 o c c a sio n s i t w a s n e c e ss a r y to p r e v e n t a d d i­
t io n a l p a s s e n g e r s fr o m g o i n g o n b o a r d a s t h e l im it o f s a f e t y h a d b een
r e a c h e d . T h e v e s se ls w h ic h w e r e t h u s p r e v e n te d fr o m o v e r c r o w d in g
c a r r ie d 2 6 3 ,5 7 0 p a ss e n g e r s .
D u r i n g th e y e a r t h e r e w a s a m a te r ia l in c r e a s e in t h e n u m b e r o f
v e s se ls b r in g in g s te e r a g e p a s s e n g e r s to th e U n it e d S t a t e s , th e e n t r ie s
o f su c h v e s se ls in c r e a s in g fr o m 6 6 4 to 8 4 1 , th e n u m b e r o f s te e r a g e
p a s s e n g e r s b r o u g h t in c r e a s in g fr o m 2 9 6 ,0 6 6 to 5 8 6 ,1 9 5 p a s s e n g e r s .
D u r i n g 1919 th e r e w e r e b u t 3 1 4 e n t r ie s o f su c h v e s se ls , w it h 55,603
p a s s e n g e r s ; d u r in g 1 9 1 8 , 4 4 2 e n tr ie s , w it h 6 7 ,9 8 8 p a s s e n g e r s ; a n d in
1 9 1 7 , 6 3 0 e n tr ie s , c a r r y in g 147,493 s te e r a g e p a s s e n g e r s .
T h e a c t o f J u n e 7 , 1 9 1 8 , r e q u ir in g t h a t m o to r b o a t s s h a ll b e n u m ­
b er e d in t h e sa m e m a n n e r t h a t a u to m o b ile s a r e n u m b e r e d a n d fo r
s im ila r p u r p o s e s h a s r e su lte d u p t o J u n e 30 la s t in t h e n u m b e r in g
o f 14 1 ,0 0 6 m o to r b o a t s on th e n a v ig a b le w a t e r s o f t h e U n it e d S t a te s .
T h is d o e s n o t in c lu d e a n y m o to r b o a t s on th e sm a ll in la n d la k e s.
R e p o r t s fr o m th e in s p e c t in g officers a n d o th e r s o u r c e s in d ic a te t h a t
th e la w is b e in g f a ir l y w e ll c o m p lie d w it h a n d is r e s u lt in g in m a ­
t e r ia l b e n e fit in t h e e n fo r c e m e n t o f la w s , b o th F e d e r a l a n d lo c a l, an d
in t h e c o lle c t io n b y th e I n t e r n a l R e v e n u e B u r e a u o f t a x e s on t h is
fo r m o f n a v ig a t io n .

144

REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.
MOTOR

BOATS.

D u r i n g t h e iis c a l y e a r 1921 th e fiv e in s p e c t io n v e s s e ls o f t h e
D e p a r t m e n t c o n tin u e d t h e w o r k o f e n f o r c in g th e n a v ig a t io n la w s
a n d th e c o lle c t io n o f in te r n a l-r e v e n u e t a x e s o n p le a su r e b o a ts a n d
w a te r t r a n s p o r t a t io n . D u r i n g t h a t p e r io d th e s e v e s se ls m a d e 2 ,9 5 5
in s p e c t io n s o f v e s s e ls , n o te d 4 ,4 0 0 o f su c h v e s s e ls a s b e in g in v i o l a ­
t io n o f la w , a n d r e p o r te d 1,257 a s h a v in g f a il e d to p a y in te r n a lr e v e n u e ta x e s . T h e s e v e s s e ls m a d e a f a i r l y c o m p le te in s p e c t io n o f
th e A t l a n t i c a n d G u lf c o a s ts a n d a p o r t io n o f th e M is s is s ip p i R iv e r
a n d tr ib u ta r ie s . T h e r e v e n u e c o lle c t e d f r o m fin e s a n d t a x e s w a s in
e x c e s s o f th e c o st o f t h e s e r v ic e . T h e t o ta l a m o u n t o f t h e in te r n a lr e v e n u e t a x e s c o lle c te d i t is n o t p o s s ib le t o s t a t e in a s m u c h a s n o
m o n e y is c o lle c te d b y th e officers o f t h is D e p a r t m e n t , t h e f a ilu r e t o
p a y th e t a x e s b e in g r e p o r te d to th e in te r n a l-r e v e n u e c o lle c to r s f o r
a c tio n .
N A V IG A TIO N

RECEIPTS.

T h e th r e e m a in so u r c e s o f F e d e r a l r e v e n u e fr o m n a v ig a t io n y ie ld e d
d u r in g th e y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 , a t o t a l o f $ 2 ,4 9 7 ,9 4 6 .8 1 , c o m ­
p a r e d w it h $ 1 ,9 9 8 ,2 8 7 .7 9 d u r in g th e p r e v io u s y e a r . T o n n a g e d u tie s ,
n a v ig a t io n fe e s , a n d n a v ig a t io n fin e s a re c o lle c t e d b y c o lle c t o r s o f
c u s to m s in th e a d m in is t r a t io n o f la w s b y g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f th e
S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m er c e t h r o u g h th e B u r e a u o f N a v ig a t io n . T h e
r e c e ip ts d u r in g th e p a s t fisc a l y e a r , c o m p a r e d w it h th e r e c e ip ts
d u r in g t h e la s t p r e w a r y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 1 7 , w e r e a s f o ll o w s :
J u n e 30—

T onnage
d u t ie s .

1921.................................................................

$ 2 ,2 0 8 ,5 3 9 .6 9

1917.................................................................

N a v ig a t io n
fe e s.

N a v ig a t io n
fin e s.

$ 2 2 5 ,8 2 2 .8 9 j

1 ,3 9 3 ,7 4 3 .1 6 j

1 5 9 ,8 0 8 .0 3 j

8 1 4 ,7 9 6 .5 3 :

6 6 ,0 1 4 .8 6 !

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$ 6 3 ,5 8 4 .2 3

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T h e r e c e ip ts fr o m t o n n a g e d u tie s th e p a s t y e a r w e r e t h e la r g e s t
r e c o r d e d a n d w i l l p r o b a b ly b e le s s d u r in g t h e c u r r e n t y e a r .
N A V IG A TIO N

A PPRO PR IA TIO N S.

T h e a p p r o p r ia t io n s f o r th e B u r e a u f o r t h e p a s t fis c a l y e a r , c o m ­
p a r e d w it h th o s e f o r th e y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 1 7 , w e r e a s f o ll o w s :

J u n e 3 0—

B ureau .

S h ip p in g
S e r v ic e .

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g e rs.

1 92 1 ...................................................

$ 4 2 ,5 3 0

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$ 3 1 5 ,1 4 0

191 7 ...................................................

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760

4 8 ,9 0 0

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la w s .

T o t a l.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

145

T h e p r in c ip a l in c r e a s e is in th e a m o u n t a p p r o p r ia te d to e n f o r c e th e
n a v ig a t io n la w s t h r o u g h t h e p a t r o l b o a ts a n d is clue to e m p lo y m e n t
o f t h r e e a d d it io n a l b o a t s r e le a s e d b y th e N a v y D e p a r t m e n t a f t e r th e
w a r to th e D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m er c e, w h ic h h a s p e r m it te d th e e x t e n ­
s io n o f th e s e r v ic e t o th e M is s is s ip p i K iv e r a n d G u lf o f M e x ic o a n d
m a d e m o re e ff e c tiv e th e in s p e c t io n s o n t h e A t l a n t i c c o a st. T h e n e x t
la r g e s t in c r e a s e is f o r th e s h i p p i n g c o m m is s io n e r s a n d d e p u t ie s , 36
p e r c e n t, w h ile t h e c le a r a n c e s o f A m e r ic a n s h ip s in o v e r se a s t r a d e s ,
a f a i r m e a su r e o f th e in c r e a se o f w o r k in v o lv e d , h a v e in c r e a s e d
fr o m 3 ,00 0 ,0 00 t o n s i n 1 9 1 7 t o 1 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 t o n s d u r in g t h e p a s t fisc a l
y e a r . T h e in c r e a s e in th e a p p r o p r ia t io n f o r t h e w ir e le s s s e r v ic e h a s
b e e n 33 p e r c e n t ; in 1917 t h e r e w e r e 836 A m e r ic a n s h ip s e q u ip p e d
w it h r a d io a p p a r a tu s a n d 160 la n d s t a t io n s , w h ile in 1 9 2 1 - 2 2 t h e r e
w e r e 2 ,9 7 8 A m e r ic a n s h ip s w i t h w ir e le s s a p p a r a tu s a n d 4 9 1 la n d
s ta t io n s , t h e in c r e a se in th e n u m b e r o f o p e r a to r s lic e n s e d f o r t h e s t a ­
t io n s h a v in g k e p t p a c e w i t h t h e in c r e a s e in t h e n u m b e r o f s ta tio n s .
S in c e 1 91 7 th e w o r k o f a d j u s t in g a n d r e v is in g t o n n a g e m e a s u r e m e n ts
h a s in c r e a se d b y t h e r a n g e o f q u e s tio n s r a is e d b y t h e S h i p p i n g
B o a r d ’s c o n s tr u c tio n a n d c h a n g e s in c o n s tr u c tio n o f t h e fle et.
760 0 0— 21 ------1 0

A p p e n d ix I .— A B S T R A C T O F R E P O R T
IN G
IN S P E C T O R
GENERAL
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IN S P E C T IO N S E R V IC E .

O F T H E S U P E R V IS ­
THE
STEA M BO A T-

(G e o r o e U h t .e r , Supervising Inspector General.)
O R G A N IZ A T I O N .

T h e f o l l o w i n g p o s it io n s w e r e e m b r a c e d in t h e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c ­
t io n S e r v ic e a t t h e c lo se o f b u s in e s s o n J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 2 1 :
A t W a sh in g to n , D . C . :
S u p e r v is in g In s p e c to r G e n e r a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1
D e p u t y S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l ( w h o i s A c t in g S u p e r v is ­
in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l in th e a b se n c e o f t h a t o f fic e r ) _________
1
P r i v a t e s e c r e t a r y to th e S u p e r v is in g In sp e c to r G e n e r a l________
1
C le r k s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11
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1
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S u p e r v is in g in s p e c t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------11
T r a v e lin g in s p e c t o r s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4
L o c a l in s p e c t o r s o f h u l l s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
L o c a l in s p e c t o r s o f b o ile r s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

15

48
48

A s s is t a n t in s p e c to r s o f h u l l s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
92
A s s is t a n t in s p e c t o r s o f b o ile r s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
94
C le r k s to b o a r d s o f lo c a l in s p e c t o r s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
94
-----T o t a l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

391
406

D u r i n g th e y e a r o n e a d d it io n a l c le r k w a s a p p o in t e d in th e O ffice
o f t h e S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c to r G e n e r a l, W a s h in g t o n , D . C ., a n d tw o
p o s it io n s a s c le r k in th e office o f th e lo c a l in s p e c to r s a t B o s t o n , M a ss.,
w e r e d is c o n tin u e d b e c a u se o f th e r e tir e m e n t o f t w o e m p lo y e e s in t h a t
office.
S T A T IS T IC S .

T h e fo r c e in s p e c te d a n d c e r t ific a te d 8 ,09 5 v e s se ls , w it h a t o t a l g r o s s
t o n n a g e o f 1 6,2 3 1 ,0 0 1 , o f w h ic h 7 ,7 5 3 w e r e d o m e st ic v e s s e ls , w it h a
t o t a l g r o s s t o n n a g e o f 1 3 ,1 3 9 ,0 3 0 , a n d 3 4 2 w e r e f o r e ig n p a s s e n g e r
ste a m v e s s e ls , w it h a t o t a l g r o s s t o n n a g e o f 3 ,0 9 1,9 7 1 . O f t h e d o ­
m e s tic v e s s e ls th e r e w e r e 6 ,4 3 7 s te a m v e s s e ls , 7 1 6 m o to r v e s s e ls , 15
p a s s e n g e r b a r g e s, a n d 5 8 5 s e a g o in g b a r g e s. T h e r e w a s a n in c r e a se
o f 4 4 in th e to ta l n u m b e r o f v e s s e ls in s p e c t e d a n d a n in c r e a s e o f
146

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

147

6 0 9 ,6 0 2 in th e t o t a l g r o s s t o n n a g e o f v e s s e ls in s p e c t e d a s c o m p a r e d
w it h t h e p r e v io u s fisc a l y e a r . L e t te r s o f a p p r o v a l o f d e s ig n s o f
b o ile r s , e n g in e s , a n d o th e r o p e r a t in g m a c h in e r y w e r e g r a n t e d t o 4 2
s te a m v e s s e ls , w it h a t o t a l g r o s s t o n n a g e o f 1,118. T h e r e w e r e i n ­
sp e c te d f o r th e G o v e r n m e n t 57 h u lls a n d 2 ,1 0 0 b o ile r s . T h e r e w e r e
2 ,7 9 3 r e in s p e c t io n s o f ste a m v e s s e ls , m o to r v e s s e ls , a n d b a r g e s.
L ic e n s e s w e r e is s u e d to 2 5 ,9 9 7 officers o f a ll g r a d e s. T h e r e w e re
e x a m in e d f o r v is u a l d e f e c t s 8 ,5 2 2 a p p lic a n t s f o r lic e n s e , o f w h o m 4 5
w e r e f o u n d c o lo r b lin d , o r w it h o th e r v is u a l d e f e c t s , a n d r e je c te d .
C e r tific a te s o f s e r v ic e w e r e iss u e d to 1 6 ,9 4 9 a b le -s e a m e n . a n d 1 ,31 6
w e r e r e je c te d . C e r tific a te s o f e fficie n c y w e r e is s u e d to 13 ,5 4 8 l i f e ­
b o a t m e n , a n d 1,726 w e r e r e je c te d .
S t e e l p la te s f o r th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f m a r in e b o ile r s to th e n u m b e r
o f 4 ,7 5 2 w e r e in s p e c t e d a t th e m il ls , a n d a la r g e a m o u n t o f o th e r
b o ile r m a te r ia l w a s in s p e c te d .
T h e r e w e r e e x a m in e d a n d t e s t e d
3 0 6 ,66 1 n e w l i f e p r e s e r v e r s , o f w h ic h n u m b e r 6 ,10 7 w e re r e je c te d .
T h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f a c c id e n ts r e s u lt in g in lo s s o f l i f e w a s 2 0 0 .
T h e to ta l n u m b e r o f l iv e s lo s t w a s 3 3 0 , o f w h ic h 69 w e re p a s s e n g e r s .
O f th e liv e s lo s t 159 w e r e fr o m s u ic id e , a c c id e n ta l d r o w n in g , a n d
o th e r c a u s e s b e y o n d th e p o w e r o f t h e S e r v ic e to p r e v e n t, le a v in g a
lo s s o f 171 a s f a i r l y c h a r g e a b le to a c c id e n ts , c o llis io n s , f o u n d e r in g s ,
e tc . T h e r e w a s a d e c r e a s e o f 140 in th e n u m b e r o f l iv e s lo s t a s
c o m p a r e d w it h t h e p r e v io u s fis c a l y e a r . P a s s e n g e r s to th e n u m b e r o f
3 5 1 ,7 2 0 ,8 9 0 w e r e c a r r ie d o n v e s s e ls r e q u ir e d b y la w to m a k e r e p o r t
o f th e n u m b e r o f p a s s e n g e r s c a r r ie d . D i v i d in g t h is n u m b e r b y 6 9 ,
th e t o t a l n u m b e r o f p a s s e n g e r s lo s t , s h o w s t h a t 5 ,0 9 7 ,4 0 4 p a s s e n g e r s
w e r e c a r r ie d f o r e a c h p a s s e n g e r lo s t .
sa v e d b y m ea n s o f th e life -s a v in g
w a s 826.
A D M IN ISTR A TIV E

T h e n u m b e r o f liv e s d ir e c t ly
a p p lia n c e s r e q u ir e d b y la w
EFFICIENCY.

N e v e r in th e h is t o r y o f t h is c o u n t r y h a s t h e r e b een a g r e a te r d e ­
m a n d f o r e fficien c y th a n a t th e p r e s e n t tim e , n o t o n ly in p r iv a te b u s i­
n e ss , b u t a ls o in th e G o v e r n m e n t’s b u sin e ss . I f a s tu d y b e m a d e o f
th e h is t o r y o f th e G o v e r n m e n t i t w i l l b e f o u n d t h a t th e r e h a s b e en
a g e n e r a l t e n d e n c y to w a r d c e n tr a liz a t io n , a n d c e n tr a liz a t io n is a b s o ­
l u t e l y a n e s s e n t ia l f a c t o r in o b t a in in g g o o d a d m in is t r a t iv e r e s u lt s ,
a n d i f an e x a m in a t io n b e m a d e o f t h e m e th o d s o f t h e S te a m b o a tI n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e o f t o -d a y a s a g a in s t th o s e o f 30 y e a r s a g o i t w ill
b e se e n t h a t t h e r e is n o w a n e ff e c tiv e c e n tr a l c o n tr o l in t h e office o f
th e S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c to r G e n e r a l.
T h e t r a v e lin g in s p e c to r s a r e n e c e s s a r ily b e c o m in g a n in c r e a s in g ly
v a lu a b le a r m o f th e S e r v ic e , f o r t h e s e m e n , w o r k in g d ir e c t ly u n d e r
th e office o f t h e S u p e r v is in g I n s p e c t o r G e n e r a l, f o llo w u p th e w o r k
o f th e lo c a l a n d a s s is t a n t in s p e c t o r s in th e in s p e c t io n o f s h ip s .

148

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.

F o r th e p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s th e S e r v ic e lia s m a d e a c a r e f u l s u r v e y o f
s h ip s p a s s in g t h r o u g h th e S a u lt S t e . M a r ie C a n a l to p r e v e n t o v e r ­
lo a d in g , a n d s p le n d id r e s u lt s h a v e b e e n o b ta in e d .
I n a p r e v io u s a n n u a l r e p o r t m e n tio n w a s m a d e o f th e d e s ir a b ilit y
o f h a v in g a c o r p s o f e x p e r ts in th e office o f th e S u p e r v i s in g I n ­
s p e c t o r G e n e r a l w h o se b u s in e s s it w o u ld be to p a s s u p o n h u ll c o n ­
s tr u c t io n a n d b o ile r c o n s tr u c tio n . T h is is n o w m o r e d e s ir a b le th a n
e v e r b e fo r e , a s i t w ill n o t o n ly in s u r e u n i f o r m i t y t h r o u g h o u t th e
e n t ir e S e r v ic e in th e in s p e c t io n o f h u lls a n d b o ile r s b u t i t w ill a s­
s i s t in t h a t r a p id r e h a b ilit a t io n a n d e x p a n s io n o f th e A m e r c a n m e r ­
c h a n t m a r in e t h a t is so e s s e n t ia l a t th e p r e s e n t tim e .
RETRENCHM ENT.

T h e r e is n o s u b je c t t o -d a y t h a t is r e c e iv in g m o re a t t e n t io n th a n
t h e h ig h c o s t o f G o v e r n m e n t. A s a r e s u lt o f th e W o r ld W a r , t h is
c o u n tr y n o w fa c e s a tr e m e n d o u s fin a n c ia l b u r d e n t h a t m u s t b e c a r ­
r ie d b y t h is g e n e r a tio n a n d s u c c e e d in g o n e s, a n d t h e p e o p le n e c e s ­
s a r ily lo o k f o r m e a n s to b e r e lie v e d . T h e y c a n n o t b e r e lie v e d o f
it, b u t i t c a n b e lig h t e n e d , a n d th e S t e a m b o a t - I n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e
h a v in g in m in d t h is t h o u g h t h a s r e d u c e d it s fo r c e o f in s p e c to r s b y
3 9 , e ff e c tiv e -Tuly 3 1 , 1921. W h ile t h is r e d u c tio n h a s n o t o c c u r r e d
in th e fisc a l y e a r f o r w h ic h t h is a n n u a l r e p o r t is r e n d e r e d , i t is
p r o p e r ly d isc u sse d n o w b e c a u s e t h e c a u s e s l e a d in g to th e n e c e s s ity
f o r r e tr e n c h m e n t o c cu r r e d in th e fisc a l y e a r e n d e d J u n e 3 0 , 1921,
a n d a lso in p r e c e d in g o n e s. A c a r e f u l s t u d y o f t h e S e r v ic e m a y
r e su lt in a s t i l l f u r th e r r e d u c tio n , b u t b e t h a t . a s it m a y , t h e effi­
c ie n c y o f th e S e r v ic e w ill n o t b e im p a ir e d , a s b o a ts w i l l b e i n ­
sp e c te d j u s t a s t h o r o u g h ly a n d j u s t a s r a p id ly a s h e r e to f o r e , a n d
th e p u b lic w ill b e se r v e d j u s t a s s a t is f a c t o r il y a s in t h e p a st.
M ORE

ADEQUATE

PA T.

W h ile i t m a y n o t b e in lin e w it h t h e g e n e r a l te n d e n c y to w a r d r e ­
d u c in g th e e x p e n d itu r e s o f th e G o v e r n m e n t, y e t I c a n n o t r e f r a in
fr o m p o i n t in g o u t th e in a d e q u te p a y r e c e iv e d b y in s p e c to r s in th e
S e r v ic e . I n o r d e r to m a in t a in th e m o r a le , a n d in o r d e r to im p r o v e
it , it is n e c e ss a r y t h a t th e in s p e c to r s r e c e iv e b e t te r p a y . T h e c le r k s
s h o u ld a lso r e c e iv e m ore p a y , a s t h e y d o w o r k t h a t is q u it e a s im ­
p o r ta n t a s th e in s p e c to r s .
DESIRA BLE

LEG ISLA TIO N .

T h a t w h ic h is m o st d e s ir a b le in th e m a tt e r o f le g is la t io n is th e
p l a c in g o f t h e s u p e r v is in g in s p e c to r s o f s te a m v e s se ls u n d e r th e c la s ­
s ifie d c i v i l se r v ic e . A l l o f th e se m e n a r e e fficien t a n d a b le a n d a re
r e q u ir e d b y la w to fo r m u la te r u le s a n d r e g u la t io n s f o r t h e in s p e c ­

EEPOET OF THE SECEETAEY OF COMMEECE.

149

t io n o f v e s s e ls o f t h e A m e r ic a n m e r c h a n t m a r in e a n d f o r t h e g o v ­
e r n in g o f t h e officers a n d c r e w s o f th o s e v e s se ls . B y r e a so n o f th e
f a c t t h a t t h e y h a v e g e n e r a lly r is e n fr o m t h e r a n k s , t h e y a r e b e tte r
a b le to k n o w w h a t t h e y a re d o in g w h e n t h e y f o r m u la te r u le s a n d
r e g u la t io n s . T h e r e is n o r o o m f o r a n y p o l it i c s in t h e S te a m b o a tI n s p e c t io n S e r v ic e , b e c a u se i t e x is t s p r im a r ily f o r p r o t e c t in g l i f e ,
a n d a f t e r t h a t p r o p e r ty . I n o r d e r t o k e e p th e S e r v ic e a s c o m p le t e ly
a s p o s s ib le o u t o f a n y p o lit i c a l c o n tr o l o r in te r f e r e n c e t h e s u p e r ­
v i s i n g in s p e c to r s s h o u ld b e u n d e r t h e c la s s ifie d c iv il s e r v ic e .
A n o t h e r m a tt e r t h a t s h o u ld r e c e iv e le g i s la t iv e a c tio n is t h e a m e n d ­
m e n t o f s e c t io n s 4 4 1 8 a n d 4 4 3 3 , B e v is e d S t a t u t e s , in r e g a r d to th e
w o r k in g p r e s su r e a n d h y d r o s t a t ic p r e ssu r e o f b o ile r s . A b i l l lo o k ­
i n g to t h is e n d h a s b e e n in tr o d u c e d in C o n g r e s s , a n d i f t h a t b i l l is
e n a c te d in to la w i t w i l l e n a b le t h e S e r v ic e to m a k e m o d e r n i t s r u le s
a n d r e g u la t io n s w it h r e fe r e n c e to b o ile r s .
L e g i s la t iv e a t te n t io n s h o u ld a ls o b e g iv e n to th e a m e n d m e n t o f
s e c t io n 4 4 7 2 , B e v is e d S t a t u t e s , in r e g a r d to t h e t r a n s p o r t a t io n o f
d a n g e r o u s a r tic le s , b e c a u s e t h a t s e c t io n a s a t p r e s e n t w r it t e n is
o b s o le te . T h e S e r v ic e s h o u ld h a v e a u t h o r it y n o t o n ly to p r o h ib it
t h e tr a n s p o r t a t io n o f d a n g e r o u s a r tic le s , w h ic h is o n ly g iv e n to a
lim it e d e x t e n t a t th e p r e s e n t t im e u n d e r s e c t io n 4 4 7 2 , B e v is e d
S t a t u t e s , b u t a ls o to r e g u la t e t h e ir t r a n s p o r t a t io n , a n d th e r e b y
m a k e i t p o s s ib le to c a r r y o n ste a m e r s c a r r y in g p a s s e n g e r s c e r t a in
c o m m o d itie s t h a t m a y w it h s a f e t y b e c a r r ie d b u t w h ic h u n d e r th e la w
a s a t p r e s e n t a re e n t ir e ly p r o h ib ite d .

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