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CHAPTER IV.
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRI.ES.
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CHAPTER IV.
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
This chapter contains statistics of strikes and lockouts in Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Franc~, Germany, Great Britain, Italy,
the Netherlands, and Spain, compiled from official reports of these
countries. In most cases the countries mentioned issue annual
reports on strikes and lockouts, but there are some which give merely
brief annual summaries in their monthly bulletins, and others which
compile and publish data at longer and irregular intervals. In addition to the countries mentioned, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Russia,
and Switzerland have published strike and lockout statistics which
were not in such form 1:1s to be conveniently ~sed in the present
compilation.
The Austrian Government has been collecting statistics of labor
disputes since 1891. The reports for the years 1891 and 1892 were
published by the Government, (a) but not for general distribution. The
figures for these years presented in this chapter wer.e obtained from
Volume XI of the Foreign ·Reports of the British Royal Commission,
the original publications not being available. The report for 1893
was published in the form of a supplement to the monthly statistical
bulletin in the bureau of statistics of the Austrian ministry of commerce. (b) The report for 1894 was the first th.a t appeared in the form
of a regular annual report of the bureau of statistics of Austria, (c) a
decree of the imperial ministry of commerce dated December 7, 1893,
requiring the publication annually of such statistics. In 1898 a
bureau of labor statistics was created in Austria by imperial decree,
and the work of collecting and publishing strike and lockout statistics
was transferred to this bureau. The report for 1897, (d) published in
1899, was the first to appear under this new regime. The reports for
a Zusammenstellung der in den J ahren 1891 und 1892 stattgefundenen Arbeitseinstellungen im Gewerbebetriebe.
b Beilage der statistischen Monatschrift, 1894. Herausgegeben vom Statistischen
Departement im Handelsministerium.
c Die Arbeitseinstellungen im Gewerbebetriebe in Oesterreich wahrend des Jahres
1894. Herausgegeben vom Statistischen Departement im k. k. Handelsministerium.
d Die Arbeitseinstellungen und Ausperrungen im Gewerbebetriebe in Oesterreich
wahrend des J ahres 1897. Herausgegeben vom k. k. arbeitsstatistischen Amte im
Hand elsministerium.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
777
778
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
the years 1891 to 1897, mclusive, ao not cover msputes in the mining
industry, but since 1898 this industry has been included, and tlie
report for that year contains the detailed statistics of strikes and lockouts in the mining industry for the years 1894: to 1898, and a summary
of all strikes and lockouts for these years, with the statistics of mine
disputes included. The strikes and lockouts in the agricultural and
forestry industries are not included.
At the present time the data relating to strikes and lockouts are
collected by the bureau of labor statistics under authority of the
decree of February 22, 1899, of the ministry of commerce, and of the
decree of April 6, 1899, of the ministry of agriculture (which has
jurisdiction over mineral lands) . The admjnistrative officials of the
local governments are directed to fill out a schedule blank for each
establishment, unless the strike or lockout.a:flcects only small establishments in the same administrative district, when one schedule may be
used for all the establishments in dispute. The material js then -sent
directly to the bureau of labor statistics, where an examination of the
statements is made in rega.rd to completeness, consistency, etc. In
order to discover strikes that may have been overlooked by the local
officials~ and to secure the greatest possible ·measure of accuracy and
completeness, newspapers published by workingmen, reports of organizations, and other publications~ are consulted, and the strike and
lockout material is submitted for verification to the factory inspectors
under whose supervision the establishments involved ar~ placed. A
strike or lockout to b~ included in the Austrian reports must involve
at least ten persons. In order to present definite information on the
subject, the sc~edule of inquiry calls for foll statements regarding
the hours of labor, the rates of wages, and the weekly earnings of the
persons in the various occupations affected by the strike or lockout,
even if t4e question of hours or wages is not involved in the dispute.
In view of the difficulty of presenting the various phases of labor
disputes in tabular form, the reports give .a summarized account of
each dispute. This feature is probably carried to a greater extent in
the Amitrian reports than in the reports of other countries, and is
supplemented by the reproduction of important documents, such as
the minutes of arbitration·committees, proclamations of either party,
formal demands upon each other, etc.
At the request of the labor organizations, special attention has been
given to reporting unlawful acts which have occurred during th~ disputes, for the purpose of. showing the effectiveness of the control of
the workmen's organizations. The facts reported include statements
regarding the violation of labor contracts,. attacks upon persons or
property, etc. An .effort is also made to :show the extent to which
strikes have been managed by labor orgfanizations, the amount of ·
money contributed to the support of those thrown out of work, etc.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIIrns AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
'779
As now published, the .austrian reports on strikes and lockouts
,contain a series of six tables, showing: Strikes for the current year
according to geographjca1 distribution; strikes according to industries; a general summary of strikes; comparative summ;ary of strikes
for a series of years beginning with 1896; details for each individual
strik-e during the current year, and details for each individual
lockout. The tables are preceded by an explanatory and d·escriptive analysis, with charts showing fluctuations. Appendixes contain
, brief reviews of industrial and labor conditions, statistics · of ·trade
unions, and notes relating to the strikes and lockouts reported . .
The statistics relate to the Crown lands represented in the ImpeTial
Austrian Parliament, namely, Bohemia, Bukowina, Upper Austria,
Lower Austria, Kustenland, Moravia, Styria, Galicia, Tyrol and.
Vorarlberg, Silesia, Carinthia, Salzburg, Carniola, and· Dalmatia.
fo Belgium, statistics of strikes have been collected and published
monthly by the Belgian bureau of labor since January, 1896, in
accordance with the law of April 12, 1895, which created thi,g bureau
and which Tequires the publication of this information. The collection of the statistics of strikes and lockouts is regulated by a ministerial circular of November 22, 1895, which requires that whenev.e r a,
strike or lockout occurs, the buTeau of labor is to be notified immediately by the heads of the communes. These officials must send a,
statement of the name and business of the establishment, the· number
·of strikers, and their demands. The labor office then sends copies
of the schedule of inquiries to the ¥ommunal officials, who at the
close of the strike must fill out one schedule for each establishment
involved. 'The usual methods of verifying the data in the schedules
and securing information as to strikes not reported by the officials,
by making use of labor journals, reports of correspondence, etc.,
are followed. If necessary, agents of the bure~u are sent to the scene ·
of the strike for the purpose of gathering informat ion. The "correspondents" of the bureau, who are agents permanently located at
the large industrial centers, are made use of in seeming data regarding
strikes possessing unusual features. When the schedules reach the
bureau of labor, they are combined in making up the reports of the
general, or "group" strikes, as the strikes in which more than one
establjshment is involved are designated. In this manner the central
office exercises complete control over the classification of the disputes
into general or single strikes.
The official definition of a strike reads: "The cessation of work by
se-veral workmen at the same time, with the clearly defined purpose
of imposing certain requirements on the proprietor or directors of
the establishment." A lockout occurs when "the proprietors or
directors of an establishment dismiss their workmen and decide not
to take them again into service unless they submit to certain clearly
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
. 780
· REPORT
OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
defined requirements. " These definitions would not include sympathetic strikes or lockouts, but, because of the importance of this class
of disputes, they are included in the Belgiim statistics.
In 1903 the Belgian labor bureau published a compilation of
statistics of strikes and lockouts covering the years 1896 to 1900, (a)
consisting of an analysis, details in tabular form for each strike, and
summary tables showing the results of strikes and lockouts by industries, by causes, and by methods of settlement; the duration by causes;
and the ·monthly distribution by industries. This report, together
with annual summaries which appeared in the monthly Revue du
Travail of that office since 1901, constitutes the source from which
the Belgian statistics in the present report have been obtained.
These statistics cover the years 1896 to 1904. In 1907 a summary
of strikes and lockouts of the year 1906 was published, but as no
such summary for 1905 was given in any of the bulletins or other
publications of the BelgiaJ?- labor bureau the data for 1905 and-1906
have been omitted from the present compilation.
Canada has published strike and lockout reports since October,
1900, in the monthly Labor Gazette issued by the Canadian department of labor. These consist of brief descriptive accounts of individual trade disputes in text and tabular form and annual summaries
with comparative statements of strikes and lockouts of each year
since 1901. The annual summaries have been rriostly used in the
present report, whjcl1 covers strikes and lockouts in Canada during
the years 1901 to · 1905.
In Denmark statistics of strikes and lockouts have been collected
since the beginning of the year 1807, in compliance with a law passed
December 16, 1805. The information rela.tes to all strikes and lockouts resulting in a suspensjon of work and is obtained by means of
schedules of inquiry sent to the employees and employers concerned,
and returned by therri. The statistics have been published in brief
form each year in the statistical yearbook of Denmark. In 1901
the data for the three years 1897, 1°898, and 189"9 were published
collectively in a more detailed form in a report of the Danish statistical
bureau. (b) This report contains an analysis and summary of the
strikes and lockouts, copies of the schedules of inquiry, and details of
each individual strike and lockou_t occurring in 1897, 1898, and 1899.
The principal facts shown are the number, time, duration, causes,
and results of strikes and lockouts, the number and locatjon of
establishments involved, the number and occupations of persons
affected, wage loss, assistance received, and cases of arbitration.
In the present- compilation the data for the years 1897 to 1905
a Statistiquo des Greves en Belgique 1896- 1900, Office du Travail.
b Strejker og Lock'outs i Danmark 1897-1899.
Raelike, ottende Bind, fjerde Haefte.
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Statistiske Meddelelser, fjerde
• CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
781
·obtained from these different source~ have been combined in the
same tables wherever this was practicable. Some of the facts can
be shown only for the years 1897 to 1899.
,
Statistics of strikes and lockouts in Finland are contained in a
• publication issued in 1907 by the department of industry of that
country. This report, which is the first of a series devoted to a
general review of the labor situation in Finland, gives the principal
facts concerning each strike and lockout occurring during the years
1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906, respectively, the data being arranged in
chronological order-. Owing to the varied character of the information presented and the absence, in many cases, of essentia.l facts, no
attempt at tabulation of the material has been made; hence the data
concerning this country have not been included in the present
compilation.
. In France the collection and publication of statistics of strikes was
begun by the French bureau of labor immediately upon its organization, October 1, 1891. Since 1860 efforts have been made by the
ministry of commerce and industry to obtain reports of strikes from
the prefects of the departments. I.n _1885 a circular calling for such
reports and specifying the points to be covered was sent to each
of the prefects, but the returns received were very incomplete and
were not published, except that the statistics contained in the report
of the French bureau of labor for the years 1890 and 1891, published
• in 1892, (<i) were compiled largely from the data thus obtained. Subsequent ministerial orders concerning the reporting of strikes and
lockouts were issued November 20, 1892, December 10, 1895, and
December 15, 1905. At the present time the prefects of the departments are required to collect the original data concerning strikes and
lockouts occurring within their jurisdiction and to report within one
month to the national labor bureau on schedules provided by ,.the
latter. In general, one schedule is prepared for each strike, although
in extensive general strikes a separate schedule is sometimes prepared
for each establishment. In the labor bureau the material is subjected to a careful revision, and by using information secured from
newspapers and other unofficial sources an attempt is made to secure
completeness.
A feature which is carried out more folly in the French reports than
in the reports for other countries is the effort to show the condition
of the industry in the locality where the dispute has occurred. This
is done by making an investigation of the industry in that locality in
regard to the number of persons and the number of establishments
affected by the dispute, while data regarding the rates of wages and
the hours of labor before and after the strike are collected, regardless
of whether wages and hours of labor were causes of the dispute.
a Statistique des Greves survenues en France pendant les annees 1890 et 1891.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
782
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
In the s~hedule of inquiry the average number of persons on strike
during .ach quarter of the period·of the strike's duration is asked for,
and in the ,tabulated statement of strikes both the average number
and the greatest number of strikers during the strike is given. In
addition the number of men, women, and children is reported.
The scope of the strike reports has not changed materially since.
they first began to be published. They cover strikes in all industries,
including agriculture, forestry, and mining. Beginning with the •
report for 1893 (a) they also contain information relating to the results
obtained with regard to the application of the la,w of December 27,
1892, concerning conciliation and arbitration.
The French reports on strikes, conciliation,. and arbitration, as now
publisheq, contain, in ad~ition to an introduction and analysis,
detailed tables showing for each year the facts collected for each
strike and lockout arranged by industries; a, detailed table showing
for each occupation the causes and results of strikes; summary tables
showing the results of strikes by industries, by causes, and by months;
the number, duration, and results of strikes according to the number
of persons taking part; the number and results of strikes according to
their duration_; tables, maps, and charts showing the distribution of
strikes by departments; the proportion of strikes to the total working
population, and detailed accounts of all cases where the law regarding
conciliation and arbitration in trade disputes was applied. The report
for 1899 contains a series of eight . tables giving a recapitulation of
strikes and lockouts during the ten years from 1890 to 1899. The
reports thus far published cover labor disputes occurring during the
years 18.90 to 1905, inclusive. .
The German Government did not begin the publication of statistics
of strikes and lockouts until 1899 . The reports cover disputes in all
the States comprising the German Empire. They relate to disputes
in industrial occupations; that is, in all industries exclusive of agriculture and forestry and the State and communal services. The
returns are published quarterly in summary form in the quarterly
journal of the imperial statistical bureau (b) and the detailed statistics,
summary, and analysis are published for the year in the form of an
annual report. (c)
Tl?,e data regarding strikes and lockouts a.re collected for the whole
Empire under authority of the decree of the Federal council of June
10, 1898. This decree does not define a strike, but merely directs
that information sh_all be collected in regard to every collective cessation of work by several workers in trade or industry and every cola Statistique des Greves et des Recours a la Conciliation et a l ' Arbitrage survenues
pendant l'annee 1893.
b Vierteljahrsh efte zur Statistik des Deutsch cn Reichs .
c Streiks und Aussperrungen im J ahre 1905. Bearbeitet im Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amt.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
783
lective xclusion of several workers from work in trade or industry.
The regulations further specified that the duty of furnishing the information rests upon the local police officials unless other officials are
selected for this purpose by the governments of the States. The
police fill out a schedule blank at the close of each strike or lockout
in their district, and immediately send the schedule to the higher
administrative officials of the State. They also send a list of strikes
and lockouts which have begun, but are not y~t concluded in the
quarterly period. The higher State officials, with the assistance of
the factory inspectors, subject the material to a thorough examination,
indicate which strikes are general or group strikes in more than one
police district, and at the close of the quarter forward the material
to the imperial statisticf,1,1 office. In this office a careful verification
of the facts stated in the schedules is made, and an effort is made to
guard against omissions by comparing the data in the schedules with
those secured from their file of labor newspapers, which is scanned
for the purpose of obtaining references to the strikes, lockouts, or
other data -which may have escaped the observation of the police
officials.
The definition of a strike as stated in the .decree of the Federal
council is enlarged in the instructions to those collecting the data,
in which it is specified that a strike is any collective cessation of
work by several workers in trade or industry wlµch has for its object
the obtaining of specific demands from the employer. A lockout
is anv collective exclusion from work of several workers in trade or
indu;try which has for its purpose the obtaining of specific demands
from the workmen. Beyond the designation "several" no definite
number of persons is given as the minimum necessary for classing a
dispute as a strike or lockou1. Under certain circumstances, therefore, two persons may be the total number involved in a strike or
lockout, and these two persons may be in two establishments. In
addition to these, sympathetic strikes and lockouts are also reported,
tho.ugh the definitions given above would not include such disputes.
The reports as now published contain an analysis and summary
tables of the strikes and lockouts, copies of the schedules of inquiry,
and tables showing in detail, by locality and industry for each dispute, the duration, number of establishments affected and their
employees, number of strikers and others thrown out of employment, •
causes, results, manner of settlement, etc. The reports thus far published cover the years 1899 to 1905.
In Great Britain statistics covering labor disputes for the United
Kingdom have been published since 1888 in the form of all:-Ilual
reports by the labor department of the British Board of Trade. (a) The
report for 1888 is not so comprehensive as those for subsequent
years, and the data for that year have not, therefore, been used in
a Report on Strikes and Lockouts and on Conciliation and Arbitration Boards.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
784 _
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
the present report. • A number of important changes have been
made from time to time in the method of presentation of these statistics, which make an accurate comparison of the data for the
entire period impossible. Thus in the earlier reports, from 1888 to
1893; strikes and lockouts were considered separately in many of the
important. statistical tables, while in later years they are shown
together under the general term of disputes. From 1888 to 1896 all
strikes and lockouts that were reported to the department were
included in the compilations, but beginning with 1897 disputes
involving fewer than ten persons or resulting in less than one day's
stoppage of work are not considered, except where the aggregate
duration of a dispute exceeds one hundred working days. Other
changes are mentioned in the form of notes to the tables and in the
analysis. The collection of the original <la.ta is done by the labor
department of the Board of Trade. Information r:egarding strikes
and lockouts is obtained by consulting a large number of newspapers,
trade papers, reports of unions, reports of employers' associations,
etc. As soon as the department learns of the occurrence. of a strike,
two schedules of inquiry are mailed to the employers and to the
workingmen. One schedule is to be filled out at once in order to furnish a preliminary statement for the monthly report, while the second
is to be filled out at the end of the strike. By comparing the statements made by the two parties to the controversy and hy securing
additional information where necessary, the department obtains the
data it desires. Because of tho groat extent to which the organjzation
of empl_?yers and employees has been carried, it is possible to secure
information without employing special a,gents or making use of ·
local Government officials. The "labor correspondents," however,
are frequently called upon to assist in this part of the work.
The annual reports as now published contain an account of the
disputes during the year, an analysis by industry groups, summary
tables of strikes and lockouts and of conciliation and arbitration
proceedings for the year and in comparison with a number of p~eceding years, tabular statements giving the principal facts concerning
each of the most important strikes during the year and of the great
strikes occurring each year since 1888, detailed statements of the
work of trade boards of conciliation and arbitration, and specimen
• schedules of inquiry.
In Italy strike and lockout statistics have been published annually
since 1892. Until the close of the · year 1903 the work of compilation and verification of these statistics was in the hands of the general
statistical bureau of the ministry of agriculture, industry, and commerce, but beginning with the year 1904 this work was transferred
to the bureau of labor in the same ministry.
The original data are collected by the prefects of the provinces on
schedules furnished by the bureau of labor, and cover s_trikes and
lockouts in indust rial and agricultural occupations.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
785 -
The first report (a) covers data for the years 1879 to 1891 and for a
few months in 1878. No changes of any importance have been made
in the subject-matter considered or method of presentation since that
time. As now published the annual reports contain detailed tables
showing for each strike and lockout the locality, number, and occupation of strikers and persons locked out; the cause or object, result,
duration, total working-days lost, and whether the disp.u te was
accompanied by violence; descriptive notes of each strike and lockout; summary tables showing strikes by duration, number of strikers,
causes, results, working-days lost; etc., and a copy of the schedule of
inquiry used in obtaining the information. The annual reports thus
far published contain strike data for the years 1878 to 1903.
-The Russian department of industrial affairs in the ministry of
commerce recently published a report of the labor inspector on
strikes in Russia during the years 1895 to 1904. A copy of this
report was not available for the present compilation.
In the Netherlands statistics of strikes and lockouts have been
published since 1901 in the form of supplements to the Review of
the Oentr al Bureau of Statistics of the Netherlands. ( b) The information is given in the form of an analysis, with summary tables,
and a tabular statement showing in detail the important facts con•
cerning each strike and lockout.
Spain has published but one strike report, (c) which covers the last
five months of the year 1904 and the entire year 1905. This report,
which was issued by the Spanish labor bureau, is announced to be
the first of an annual series. The report consists of a tabular statement of each individua strike and summary tables, with analyses,
showing the number of strikes, their duration, the number of persons
employed in establishments involved, the number of strikers and
others affected, their occupation and industries, and the causes and
results of strikes. In the present compilation data for 1905 only
have been used.
In Switzerland statistics of strikes and lockouts for the period
1860 to 1894 were published in the annual report of the managing
committee of the Swiss federation of labor (d) for the year 1894. The
report for the succeeding year contained strike data for the year
1895, after which the publication of this information was discontinued.
a Statistica• degli Scioperi Avvenuti nell'lndustria e nell' Agricoltura durante gli
anni dal 1884 al 1891. Ministero di Agricoltura, Industria e Commercio. Direzione
generale della Statistica.
b Werkstakingen en Uitsluitingen in Nederland. Bijvoegsel van het Tijdschrift
van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
c Estadfstica de las Huelgas (1904-5). Instituto de Reformas Socjales.
d Rapport Annuel du Comite-Directeur de la Federation Ouvriere Suisse et du
Secretariat Ouvrier Suisse. •
309n-07---50
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
786
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
AUSTRIA.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in Austria, compiled from
·the annual reports of the Austrian Government, cover labor disputes
·o ccurring in the various industrial occupations from 1891 to 1905 in
the Crown lands represented in the Austrian Parliament. While the
1
Austrian reports for the years 1891 to 1897 do not include the min-.
ing industry in the statistical presentations, the reports for 1898 and
subsequent years contain summary statistic.s for each year beginning
with 1894 which include statistics for the mining industry. This
'makes it possible to present a series of comparative figures for the·
years 1894 to 1905. In the .Austrian reports strikes and lockouts
are considered separately in all the tabulations, and the same has
been done in the present compilation.
t The following table gives the summary of all the important facts
published in relation to strikes in Austria during the years 1891 to
1905:
STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1891 TO 1905.
Btrikes ordered or assisted
by labor organizations.
Strikes whichYear.
Total
strikes.
.
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly .
1891 ~a) ........
1892 a) ........
1893 (a) .. ......
1894 . . _--·-····
1895 ..... ··- -· ·
1896 ..... ·· ··· 1897 ... -· ......
1898 ....... . .. .
1899 •• • •••••• ••
1900 ....... ... .
1901 ... -·· .....
1902 .•. -·······
1903 ••• ·······1904 .•• -- - · ····
1905 •• --·-····-
b 104
101
172
172
209
305
246
255
311
303
270
264
324
414
686
23
26
33
43
56
64
43
48
48
61
56
52
56
101
150
Total (d)
b 4, 136
860
I
Failed.
26
29
55
48
52
111
91
105
140
136
98
103
141
184
351
51
43
84
81
101
130
112
102
123
106
116
109
127
129
185
1,670
1, 602
•
Yes.
No.
( c)
( e)
( c)( c)
( c)
( C)
47
61
109
81
103
121
131
96
104
140
238
376
125
148
196
165
152
190
172
174
160
184
176
310
e 1,607
e2, 152
a Not including strikes in the mining industry.
b Including 4 strikes the results of which were not reported.
c Not reported.
d Not including strikes in the mining industry in 1891, 1892, and 1893.
e Not including data for 1891, 1892, and 1893.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Total
establishments.
1,916
1,519
1,207
2,542
874
1, 499
851
885
1,330
1,003
719
• 1, 184
1,731
2, 704
3,803
23, 76.7-
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
781
STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1891 TO 1905-Concluded.
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
Year.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
(b)
(b)
(b )
(b)
(b)
(b)
Aggregate days of work lost-
Other New
ememployees ployees
thrown
Failed. out of after
work. strike.
-1891 (a) ........
1892 (a) . ... . ...
1893 (a) ........
1894 .. .........
1895 ...........
1896._ ... ..... .
1897 ••. •··•····
1898 ...........
1899 ...........
1900 • •. ••••·•·•
1901 ...........
1902 ...........
1903 ...........
1904 ...........
1905 ... ···· ; ···
14,025
14,123
28,120
67,061
28,652
66,234
38,467
39,658
54,763
105,128
24,870
37,471
46,215
64,227
99,591
6,133
3,609
3,046
6,034
3,315
5,594
4, 891
5,007•
5,162
4,620
11,925
13,991
Total (c) d 728,605 e'73,387
25,019
17,390
41,597
18,391
26,356
39,421
89,921
11,895
19,739
31,436
26,563
71,282
e 419,010
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
7,562
35,909
7,593. 2,062
21,591
3,473
14,042
2,858
9,987
5,458
9,748
5,374
10,316
7,737
7,968
2,846
12,570
6,354
10,159
5,245
25,739
9,301
14,318 11,340
2,175
1,073
1,389
1,565
1,343
1, 115
4,346
771
1,431
1,092
2,817
3,276
By other
emBy strik- . ployees
ers.
thrown
out of
work.
(b)
b)
~b)
795,721
300,348
899,939
368,096
323,619
1,029,937
3,483,963
157,744
284,046
500,567
606,629
1,151,310
e_179, 940 e69,610 e22,393 e 9,901,919
(b)
b)
~b)
100,312
25,261
37,945
33,392
29,254
106,248
191,753
32,015
79,168
72,244
60,029
87,148
Total.
--247,076
150,992
518,511
896,033
325,609
937,884
401,488
352,873
1, 136,.185
3,675,716
189,759
363,214
572,811
666,658
1,238, 458
e 854, 769 11,673,267
aNot including strikeH in. the mining industry.
o Not reported.
.
cNot including strikes in the mining industry in 1891, 1892, and 1893.
d Including 56,268 strikers in strikes the results of which were not reported.
e Not including data for 1891, 1892, and 1893.
The next table shows statistics for lockouts which occurred during
the years 1894 to 1905:
LOCKOUTS IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
Year . .
Lockouts.
Per cent of EmployEstablisb- Employees emtoyees ees looked
locked out. l°;f ~it~r o~!::d
employees. ployed.
~~~;!i~-
1894 .... .................................................... . ··· ···· .. . ............................. .. .
1895 ..... -.. ................................
8
17
2,317
51.2
2,183
1'896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
211
5, 445
79. 5
4, 589
1897.. _.....................................
11
12
1, 712
54. 4
1,647
189 . - . · ··············• ·· ··········•········ ·••····•·•·• .•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• ····•··· •••
1&19.... .... ............ ... . .... ............
5
38
3,-457
60.9
3,448
~~:::: :::,:::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::
1g
8
8
6
17
9
71
605
448
1,050
i,334
23,742
11,197
49.9
51.8
99.2
75.2
1,003
905
2-3,717
9,614
Total ............... .......... ..... . .
86
1,472
54,592
78.6
51,111
1902.... ....................... .... ....... ..
1903 .•. ·······-······-··············-·······
1904........................................
1905.... ...... ................ . .. ........ ...
5g
4,~~
~gj
3,~g~
During the fifteen-year period covered by the table relating to
strikes 4,136 strikes were reported, involving 23,767 establishments,
728,605 strikers, and resulting in a total loss of 11,673,267 workingdays. Of the 4, 13"2 strikes for which the results were known, 860,
or 20.8 per cent, succeeded, 1,670, or 40.4 per cent, succeeded partly,
and 1,602, or 38.8 per cent, failed.
During the twelve-year period, from 1894 to 1905, for which comparable statistics for ·all industries have been published, 3,759 strikes
were reported. These affected 19,125 establishments, involved
672,337 strikers and 69,610 other employees who were thrown out of
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
788
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
work on account of strikes, and resulted in a loss of 9,901,919 workingdays by strikers and of 854, 769 working-days by others thrown out
of work, or a total of 10,756,688 days. Of the 3,759 strikes reported
during this period, 778, or 20. 7 per cent, succeeded, 1,560, or 41.5 per
cent, succeeded partly, .and 1,421, or 37.8 per_cent, "failed. Of the
672,337 strikers involved in these strikes, 73,387, or 10.9 per cent,
were in strikes which succeeded, 419,010, or 62.3 per cent, in strikes
which succeeded partly, and 179,940, or 26.8 per cent, in strikes
which failed.
The following table shows the number of strikes and strikers
according to the results of strikes for ea~h group of industries and
each year from 1894 to 1905 :
RESUL'rS OF STRIKES IN A UST RIA, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
Strikers in strikes
which:E:stab- Striklishers.
SueSueSue- ceeded Failed. ments.
Sue- ceeded
Failed.
ceeded. partly.
ceeded. partly.
Strikes which-
Industry and year.
Total
strikes.
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - Mining and metallurgical :
1894 ... -- ...... . .. .. .. ...
1895 .....................
1896 ...... .. ......... .. . .
1897 ....... ... ...........
1898 ................ · · · · ·
1899 ............. ....... .
1900 . .. ............... · · ·
1901 ... -· ................
1902 ... _. . .... .. ..... ....
1903 .......... ·- ... . . .. ..
1904 .....................
1905 .....................
'rota! .............
Quarrying, products of
stone, clay, glass, etc.:
1894 ... -- ..... ··- . .......
1895 ••• -·. •••••••••••••••
1896 .....................
1897 ...... .. .. . . ... . ... ..
1898 . .. ··•·· . ... ·· -· · · · -·
1899 ......... ........ .. ..
1900 .. . ·· · ···· ·· ... ......
1901 ... ·- ... . . .. .... . ... .
1902 .... ......... .. ......
1903 .. . .......... . .. . ....
1904 .... . ................
1905 . . ......•... .. ..... .. .
Total ............ .
Metal working:
1894 .................. . ..
189!5 .... ... .. .... ..... ...
1896 .......... ...... .... .
1897 ... ·- .............. ..
1898 ..... .. . ... .... . ... ..
1899 ....... .. .... ... ... ..
1900 ..... .. .. . ... ... . . . . .
1901 . .. -- . .. .............
1902 .. ............. ·· ··· .
1903 ................. .. . .
1904 ....... .. ... ... .. ....
1905 ....... . ... ....... ...
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
13
4
11
25
29
26
40·
40
63
40
36
43
4
1
5
2
3
6
3
7
2
2
2
5
1
4
10
12
12
21
13
12
8
12
28
4
2
7
10
15
11
13
24
44
30
22
13
370
37
138
195
22
29
29
27
27
21
19
29
24
18
38
76
6
7
6
4
10
3
5
7
3
1
16
18
10
7
14
9
10
7
6
12
14
12
14
40
6
15
9
14
7
11
8
10
7
5
8
18
359
86
155
23
37
33
26
26
32
26
22
18
34
44
65
6
8
10
6
4
2
7
6
5
6
16
15
6
7
9
9
10
15
10
6
9
18
17
35
386
91
74
5
96
32
32
32
272
45
70
43
192
45
22,986
626
30, 120
3,632
7,046
3,477
78,791
7,496
13,573
12,341
19,614
10,100
966
180
789
58
446
2,465
554
1,070
40
586
769
15,835
80
19,283
1,412
3,939
1,352
74,321
3,458
3,469
6,455
3,171
7,736
6, 185
366
10,837
1,431
3,049
1,679
2,005
3,484
9,034
5,846
15,857
1,595 •
- -- -- -- ----- -- -- ----
- - - - - -- -
J
151
938 209,802
7,923 140,511
130
100
112
67
47
42
31
2,484
290
171
440
537
95
156
308
94
51
2,553
897
68
80
186
122
235
118 ~
11
22
14
11
12
15
9
10
4
10
11
15
-
144
38
40
200
169
119
112
91
43
58
60
74
419
6,415
9,943
3,217
3,053
4,491
2,112
574
1, 698
1,819
2,740
4,788
9,832
-
-
1 50,682
8,076
2,752
3,694
2,973
1,568
991
2,459
1,977
1,393
741
2,936
4,211
7,406
1,198
508
583
123
119
194
132
692
236
771
351
1, 397
3,736
9,030
2,634
1,939
3, 442
1, 630
243
1,186
1,473
2,505 1,629
7,830
61,368
195
623
412
674
512
3 7
175
204
252
184
606
1,105
- -- 37,277
5,329
667
1,596
1,614
1,272
374
1,150
663
257
314
1,800
2,647
4,495
887
1,590
776
173
498
1,115
1,182
444
191
365
1,213
1,514
----
i- - - - - - - - - 1,423 j 33,101
6,304
16,849
- - - - - - ====-====.=:::::::::=:::::= =
9,948
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
789
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905 - Cont'd.
Strikes whichIndustry and year.
Machinery,
instruments,
apparatus, etc.:
1894 .................... .
1895 .................... .
1896 .................... .
1897 .................... .
1898 ...... . . ............ .
1899 .................... .
1900 .............. : ..... .
1901 ......... . .......... .
1902 .............. ······.
1903 ......... ... ... ... .. .
1904 .............. .... .. .
1905 ••• ••••••••••••••• •••
Strik~~i~t~rikes
I<.I1!~~-
Ttro1_ktaels.1 ----,,-----,,----1
S
SucSuet
ceeded. ceeded Failed. men s.
partly.
Strikers.
10
11
7
7
7
8
6
7
9
8
7
6
100
20
13
40
13
15
15
13
27
45
194
253
2,058
4,689
2,471
1,356
519
889
1,013
705
1,400
4,660
146
33
2,370
531
281
46
192
146
446
44
436
····14f
7 .. .. .......... ..
2 ....... .
6
2
2
14
5
20
4
5
13
1
12
24
5
13
3
3
15
5
2
7
15
2
3
13
3
27
17
1
45
32
5
7
4
i- - - - - ~ - - -
Sue
Succeed;d. ceeded Failed.
partly.
1,395
1,704
845
98
272
617
106
1,125
3,777
194
107
1,282
924
236
230
375
425
250
153
231
4,:7
Total. ·.. .... ..... .
212
30
91
91
314
20,207
4,671
10,682
4,854
Wood working, caoutchouc,
carved materials, etc.:
1894 ................. . .. .
1895 .................... .
1896 ............. ... •.... .
1897 .................... .
1898 .................... .
1899 ..... .... ........... .
1900 ............. .
1901 ........ .. . . ..... ... .
1902 .................... .
1903 .......... .... ...... .
1904 .............. .. .... .
1905 .................... .
23
55
28
28
35
34
27
20
48
41
53
8
7
15
9
23
20
13
13
19
14
6
8
18
13
• 12
1,593
354
340
120
151
229
45
49
177
361
177
404
9,793
2,336
5,972
1,382
1,318
3,198
1,391
2,925
1,312
2,846
1,756
2,736
273
565
745
231
267
345
349
948
80
.727
347
281
596
680
4,495
948
596
2,454
760
1,661
444
1,810
1,158
2,013
8,924
1,091
7
5
10
8
5
13
11
13
6
8
20
11
8
11
10
13
7
17
17
28
106
156
·168
4,000
36,965
6,158
17,615
14,192
Total ............ .
38
430
4
- - - - - - ~ - - 1- - - ' - 4 ~ - -, 0~ - -
L eather, hides, hair, feathers, etc.:
• 1894 .................... .
1895 .................... .
1896 .................... .
1897 ............ . ....... .
1898 ................... . .
1899 .................... .
1900 .................... .
1901 .................... .
)902 ..•... ····· ......... .
1903 ••• ••·•·•••· .. .. ··•·•
1904 .................... .
1905 ............. .. .. ... .
Total ............ .
Textiles:
1894... ...... ... . .... ....
1895.....................
1896.....................
1897 .....................
1898 ... ..... .... . .. ......
1899..... .. ... .. .. . .. . . . .
1900 ... ·········..... ....
1901... .. .... ............
1902 .....................
1903... .. ...... .... ......
1904............... .. ....
1905... ... . ... . . ... ......
Total.............
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9
3
2
7
18
4
11 ....... .
2
10
7
1
20
6
8
8
9
8
15
130
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
7
3
3
11
5
1
2
5
3
4
25
54
5
3
4
4
5
~
2
I
19
15
47
22
15
641
40
306
28
754
176
834 . . . . . . . .
275
77
488
196
487
722
105
36
8
:~
202
120
213
203
455
399
282
316
788
309
251
442
====l====I===
1~i40
! !! fl li
51
ni
5,287
116
~~~
!~ I
3,310
113
82
91
112
93.
137
133
42
129
81
23
165
1,201
- - - - - - - - - = = = =,====1====1====1= = ==t===
34
29
43
28
28
84
56
28
34
44
'.r1
54
2
6
9
6
8
10
5
4
7
5
7
12
10
13
19
11
10
50
35
10
16
27
18
30
22
10
15
11
10
24
16
14
11
12
12
12
46
29
89
41
36
185
73
34
48
48
54
6,317
4,085
9,791
11,275
3,171
30,249
12,010
2,675
2,599
5,220
3,483
5,866
499 ,
81
249
169
712
96,741
29
I
209
408
420
788
832
1,659
223
391
363
409
591
722
2,547
1,797
5,840
2,357
995
25,059
8,192
1,066
1,302
3,468
1,948
4,083
3,561
1,880
• 3,531
8,130
1,344
3,531
3,595
1,218
934
1,343
944
1,061
7,015
58,654
31,072
790
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LAB-OR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Cont'd.
' Strikers in strikes
which-
Strikes which-
Ttro1. tkae1s_1- - -- - - - - - j E1~!l'.~- . StrikSucSuet
ers.
SueSucceeded ceeded Failed. men s.
ceeded. ceeded Failed.
• partly.
partly.
- - - -- - - - - - -1- - - - 1 - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Industry and year.
Upholstering and p ap er
hanging:
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S
1 ........
1 ........
145
194 . . . . . . . .
194
mt::::::::::::::·::::: .... J ::::·::~: :::::::: ::::::~:1.... J .... ? :::::~;: :::::::: ::::::~!
1898 .. .'..................
4
1 ........
3 1'
6
31
16 . . . . . . . .
15
rnii::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~. :::::::: :::::::: ......~ ....... ~ ...... .~. :::::::: :::::::: ....... ~
lit++ + T<::\::J J l ::::::i\}
- - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - ·- - - - - - - - 17
7
4
6
~:25
467
91
281
95
Wearing apparel, cleaning,
etc.:
1894 .....................
1895 .................. : . .
1896 .....................
1897 .....................
1898 ..... . ...............
1899 ... ········· .........
1900 .....................
1901 . .. ..................
l902 .....................
l903 .....................
1904 .....................
1905 .....................
9
14
25
11
19
17
27
28
22
38
35
46
'4
7
3
2
3
6
3
6
11
12
8
3
5
10
6
10
6
21
16
7
25
17
24
2
2
12
3
6
5
3
6
4
5
6
14
22
67
~!69
42
79
~l03
192
809
157
811
[,89
668
976
2,563
300
1,354
696
1, 644
1,821
927
7,946
2,582
7,525
437
106
122
40
20
138
75
180
615
254
504
707
130
832
1,137
215
1,237
444
1,485
1,533
273
7, 475
1,729
5,316
101
38
1,304
45
97
114
84
108
39
217
349
1,502
Total. ............
291
73
150
68
2,fl50
29,002
3,198
21,806
3,998
1
5
1
2
2
4
1
8
3
3
77
71
1
Total.. ............
Paper:
1894... ..................
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1896... . .. .. .. ..... . .. .. .
1897................ . ....
1898.- .. ···· ···••·••······
1899. ... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii8L:::::: ~:::::::::::
s
1 ........ ........
1
2
8
3 . .......
2
3' ........
1
{i
• 2
2
6
2
~
~
1902.....................
1903............... .... ..
1904.............. . ......
1905....... . .... ........ ...
4
8
10
13
Total.............
79
15
Foods and-drinks (including
tobacco):
1894...... .. .. . .. . .......
1895.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1897... .. ..... ... ........
1898... ..... .............
1899... ............... .. .
1900................. ....
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903.....................
1904 . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .
1905 ... ··· ·········. .....
7
7
9
8
5
8
8
13
7
12
31
30
2
2
~
1
3
2
1
10
5
1
1
8
5
j
31 j
2
1
1
5
2
4
2
4
4
5
12
16
~
i
24 ......... . ..... .
377
16
67
1,384
1,377
1,026
439
1,537
129
1,363
562
431
1
l , ~~
173
100
73
249
79
909
225
410
4,502
60
4,278
i~
m
24
294
7
587
45
131
6
505
6
4
2
5
10
33
l'.14
. 33
M4
12,430
668
9,555
2,207
3
4
8
3
3
4
6
9
3
6
11
9
97
82
48
118
64
318
43
65
173
26
:!59
215
299
514
356
1,519
2,414
1,512
229
336
584
432
1, 408
4,442
41
95
145
71
208
1,194
2,247
1,457
86
235
558
95
1, 242
2,750
113
348
148
325
167
55
143
101
26
331
64
141
Total ....... ...... ~ - - 1 8 - ---58- ---69-j~
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
mo
- -- - - - · - - - ·- - - - - - - - -
, 6
102
1,551
170
274
164'
14,0451,795 ~ 1,962
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
791
RESULTS OF..- STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Cont'd.
Strikers in strikes
whichTotal 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 Eli:~~- Strik- , - - - - - - - - strikes. Sue- c:ea°;d Failed. ments.
ers.
Sue
Sue•
ceeded. partly.
ceeded ceeded Failed.
• partly.
Strikes which-
Industry and year.
- - - - - - - - --
·!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hotels, restaurants, etc.:
i•
1894 ............................................................................................ .
1895 ... ······· ........... ········ ······· ........................................................ .
1896 ... ·················· ................ ····· .. · ............... · ............................... .
1897 ... ·················· ....................................................................... .
mL: ::::::::::~::::::: ......~. ::::::::: ::::::: ...... ~ ....... ~ ...... ~. :::::::: :::::::: ...... ~?
1900 ...... .-..................................... . ............................................... .
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
8 ........ ........
8
1902.....................
2 ........
2 ........
47
430 ........
430 ....... .
1903 ... ····· ................... . ................. .. ........ ·· · ··· ... ····· ....................... .
1904 ... ·················· ········ ......... . ....................... ... ........................... .
1905 ................... . . ········ ............... . ............................................... .
Total.. . . . . . . . . . . .
4 ....... · I
2
2 I
49
I
463 1· . . . . . . .
~ ~~~~~.
Che~~r~t~~~~~::::::::: ...... ~. :::::::: :::::::: ...... ~. , ...... ...
::::::::
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1
2
1
4
875
11
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2
2
3
7
287 •
125
1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
1
49
1899.... .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .
4
2
2
4
559
1900 ....•.................
2
1
1
2
83
1901.....................
5
3
2
5
314
1902 ... ,.................
4
2
2
85
626
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1
1
5
107
1904.....................
4
1
2
4
912
44
1905.....................
10
10
10
1,211
Total .............
45
25
4
16
129
6,291
180·
430
I
33
::::::::1
...~~~~76
788
56
49
292
62
244
196
64
70
1,211
106
3,032
3, 079
267
21
70
430
43
798
--- --------
Building trades:
1894 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1895 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1896 .....................
1897 .....................
1898 ... ·····•···•· .••.•.•
1899 .• •••·•••••••• •••••.•
1900 •. ••••••••••••• ••••••
1901 .•. •··•••·••••• ••••••
1902 .............. . ······
1303 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1904 •••••• •••••••••••••••
1905 ••• •••••••••••• •••••••
11
24
42
34
49
33
23
24
22
37
80
188
Total .............
567
138
Printing:
1894 ..... : ...............
1895 ... ·····•· ...........
1896 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1897 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1898 ••• •• ••••••••••••••••
1899 ••• ••••••••••••••• •••
1900 ••• •• ••••••••••••••••
1901. ....................
1902 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
1903 .....................
1904 ••. ·•···•••••• .••••••
1905 ••• ••••••••••••••••••
5
3
13
5
6
7
17
11
6
12
8
12
3
1
4
Total .............
105
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
6
13
9
28
12
6
7
10
16
4
10
9
9
5
8
5
6
5
9
15
53
3
3
6
8
1
4
4
1
38
76
224
205
4
1
2
2
3
2
2
5
4
1
2
8
3
3
5
2
3
4
3
I
16
16
13
12
11
7
12
26
59
39
I
5
8
20
24
703
2, 217
i,026
1, 117
977
1,482
1,936
5,252
14,010
1,020
2,026
759
3,350
1,654
2,151
681
314
922
2,748 131, 723
17,911
76,294
37,518
85
147
374
144
120
199
204
64
13
241
5;)
53
92
91
21
134
67
85
41
18
63
70
56
93
158
141
74
223
69
158
24
156
120
457
810
8
5
4
37
8
7
11
17
14
10
12
10
19
43
154
14,975
5,361
5,434
4,991:
13,961
7,842
4,849
3,214
10,476
9,645
15, 947
35,024
384
1,300
674
581
3,041
2,734
3,393
9,908
3,971
1,672
1,416
9,185
7,241
8, 909
24,243
358
843
66
426
26
89
50
306
30
59
76
57
2,476
836
376
114
179
108
28
27
32
87
5,102
5,529
, _ - -282
710
930
792
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN A USTRH., BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905Concluded.
Strikers in strikes
which-
Strikes whichIndustry and year.
Total 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 ~f!:~- Strik- 1- - - - - - - - strikes. Sue- c:e~c;d Failed. ments.
ers.
Sue
Succeeded. partly.
ceed;d.
Failed.
:~ir:
----------- --- --- -, -
- - - - --
------ --- ---
Heat, light, and power
plants:
104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
1895 ........ .•••.•.••••••••• • • • • • .• • • · • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........
1 ........
1
16 . . . . . . . .
_ 16 ....... .
1897 ..................... ··· ··· ·· . .. ... ........... ..... .. ....... ......... ... ~ ................... .
1898 ........................ · · .. · ..... · · · · · · . ... ..... ......... · · · · .. · · .. · · ....... · ... · · · · · · · .... .
1899 ..........•...•••••.•••. · · · · • · • • • • • • · • · · • · · · · · · · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • · · • · · • • • • • • • · · · · · • · · • •• •
1900 ..................................... . ........................... .... .. . .................... .
1901.....................
3
1 ........
2
3
274
178 . . . . . . . .
96
1902 ..... ................ .. ... ...... ............ . ........................... ...... ....... .. .... . .
1903 ........... .. .. .... .. ..... ..... .. .............. . ...... . . . ........ .......... . ... : .. ... ....... .
1904 . ..... ........ .............. . ............ .... .. ... ......... ......... ........ . ............... .
1905 ............................................................................................ .
Total ............ .
- - -1- - -:- - - - 1 - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 394
178
16
200
Commerce :
]894 ..... .. .. . ......... .. .. ........... .. .............. ....... ............. ...... ....... ..... .... .
1895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
2:l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
9 ........ ........
9
1897...... .. . . .. .........
7
3
4
122
1, 121
800
321
1898....... ...... ... . ....
2
1
1
13
280
220
60
1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1
1
3
90
64
8
18
1900..... ................
1 ........ ........
1
1
6 ........ ........
6
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1 ........
2
3
64
5 ........
59
1902... . ........ ... .. ....
5
4
1
19
863
798
65
1903.....................
4
2
2
20
190
170
20
1904. . .. ...... ..... ......
6
5
1
81
2,014
2,009
5
1905.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
10
4
4
2
92
994
131
859
4
Total ....... .. ... .
43
20
Transportation:
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1895 .....•..•. .•• ••••••.••.•..•...• · • • •• •
1896 ... L................
2
1
1897.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1
1898. ....... .... .. ..... . .
1
1899......... .. .. ........
3
1
1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1
1902 ... ·· ····· .. ..... .. ..
-7
2
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
3
1904... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2
1905 ...... ~....... .......
21
8
Total.......... . . .
56
20
17
356
5,651
200
4,864
587
,
1
1
2
249 . . . . . . . .
40
209
••••· ••• · · · · ••· • •••••••· ••••· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
. .. . . . . .
1
2
65
45 . . . . . . . .
20
2
2
5
2,629
285
2, 190
154
1
1
124
124
1
3
117
54
54
9
546
36
51{)
1
2
2
28
365
80
285
2
3
73
1,880
1, 348
470
62
........ ........
3
299
299 .. .. ...... ... .. .
3
2
896
4, 700
4,542
136
22
8
5
685
4,359
1,631
2,361
367
21
15
1, 700
15,333
8,320
I
6,170
I
843 •
Other:
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1
1
2
97
37
60 ... .. : ..
1895 ............................................................................................ .
1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ..... : . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
236 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
236
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1898 ..................................... -····· ...... · . ................. · · ..... .. · .... · ......... .
1899 .•.... .. .....• : • •.. ...• ••.•.. .•••.•.•. • • • • • .. · · · • • • · · · • · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
1900....... ... .... . ..... .
6
1
2
3
22
697
GO
552
95
1901...... ...... ....... ..
2 ........ ........
2
2
137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
137
1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1 ........
1
30
30 . . ..... .
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
1904...... .... ...... .....
1
1
12
12
1905........ .... ... ......
1
1
12
12
Total. ........... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16
2
8
32
1,277
87
666
524
(
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
793
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY INDUSTRIES, FOR THE PERIOD 1894 TO 1905.
'
Strikers in strikes
whichEstab- StriklishSueers.
SueSue- ceeded Failed. ments.
Sue- ceeded
Failed.
ceeded. partly.
cceded. partly.
Strikes which-
Industry.
sfrtt!~.
- - - - - - - --
Mining and metallurgical ...
Quarrying, products of
stone, clay, glass, etc .....
Metal working ..............
Machinery, instruments, apparatus, etc . .... ..........
\Vood working, caoutchouc,
carved materials, etc. , ...
L eather, hides, hair, feathers, etc ..... ......... ......
Textiles .....................
Upholstering and paper
hanging ...................
Wearing apparel, cleaning,
etc ........................
Paper .......................
Foods and drinks (including
tobacco) ..................
Hotels, restaurants, etc ....
Chemical products ..........
Building trades. :- ...........
Printing ....................
Heat, light, and power
plants .......... . ..........
Commerce ..................
Transportation .............
Other .......................
370
37
138
195
359
386
86
91
155
151
118
144
---
938 209,802
1,220
1,423 ◄
50 , 682
33,101
-
-
--
7,923 140,511
8, 076
6,304
37,277
16,849
- -61,368
5,329
9,948
212
30
91
91
314
20,207
4,671
10,682
4,854
430
106
156
168
4,000
36,965
5,158
17,615
14,192
130
499
25
81
54
249
51
169
218
712
5,287
96, 741
776
7,015
3,310
58,654
1,201
31,072
17
7
4
291
79
73
15
150
31
68
33
145
18
4 ····---45
4
567
138
105
38
58
2
2fi
224
24
69
2
16
205
43
1
6
20
2
1
20
21
6
3
17
15
8
5
43
56
16
G
225
467
91
281
95
2,950
344
29, 002
12,430
3,19~
668
21,806
9, 555
3,998
2,207
1,795
17,911
836
10, 288
430
3, 032
76,294
710
1,962
33
3, 079
37,518
930
178
200
8,320
87
16
4,864
6,170
666
200
587
843
524.
19,125 672,337 1 73,387 419,010
179,940
1,608 14,045
49
463
6, 291
129
2,748 131 , 723
154
2,476
5
356
1,700
32
394
5,651
15,333
1,277
-------180
------------
Total .................
3,759
778
1,560
1,421
During the twelve-year period for which comparable statistics are
given, the group of building trades had the largest number of strikes,
namely, 567 out of 3,759, or 15.1 per cent of the total number. The
group involving the largest number of establishments was that of wood
working, caoutchouc, carved materials, etc., there being 4,000 establishments out of a total of 19,125 establishments involved in strikes,
or 20.9 per cent, in this group. In the number of strjkers, however,
the mining industry exceeded by far every other group of industries.
Thus, during the period, there were 209,802 strikers in this industry,
or 31.2 per cent of the entire number.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
794
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
The following table shows the number of strikes each year from
1894 to 1905, grouped according to the number of days of thefr
duration:.
STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY DURATION AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
Strikes in which the days of duration wereTotal
strikes. 1 to 5. 6 to 10. 11 to 15. 16 to 20. 21 to 25. 26to30. 31 to 40. 141 to 50.
Year.
51 to
100.
101 or
over.
- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1894 ... . .. . .
1895 ....... .
1896 ........
1897 ....... .
1898 .. ......
1899 ..... ...
1900 . . ......
1901 . ...... .
1902 ........
1903 ....... .
1904 . .... ...
1905 ....... .
Total.
172
209
305
246
255
311
303
270
264
324
414
686
-3,759
88
109
158
135
142
170
167
160
146
175
218
366
35
35
42
39
42
45
56
44
45
60
77
117
2, 034 1 ~
16
18
24
20
25
22
17
9
10
13
12
12
8
9
8
11
9
17
37
23
24
28
41
52
2
3
8
8
3
13
10
7
6
12
10
15
4
3
11
10
5
7
9
11
11
11
16
28
310r155r126 -
7
10
10
5
10
11
8
9
8
5
11
22
2
5
16
4
4
12
4
3
6
5
4
14
6
15
19
9
11
20
18
5
6
16
10
25
-9-7 1 1 61--7-9 ~
3
1
4
4
1
3
5
··------1
3
10
10
1- - 4 5
1
The strikes were mostly of short duration, ~,034 out of a total of
3,759, or 54.1 per cent, lasting from 1 to 5 days. Only 45 strikes
. occurring in the twelve years lasted over 100 days.
The next table shows, for each year, the magnitude of the strikes
as measured by the number of persOlls involved:
STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY NUMBER OF PERSONS INVOLVED AND YEARS, 1894.
TO 1905.
Strikes in which the number of persons involved were--
~
Year.
Total
strikes .
~
16tol0. 11 to 20. 21 to 30. 31 to 40. 41 to 50.
6 1
14
12
8
12
10
16
20
9
1894 •••• ••••••••••••• •• •• ••••
1895 •••• ············ -'· ·······
1896 •••• •••••••••••••••••••••
1897 •••• •••••••••••••••••••••
1898 •••••• ••••••• • •••••••••••
1899 •••• ••••• • • • •••••••• • ••••
1900 •• •• ···· ··-··· · ··· ····· ••
1901 •.,-•• ••• •••••••• •• •• •• •• ••
1902 .•. . · ····· ........ ··· ·· ··
1903 •••• •••••••••••••• •••••••
1904. ·.• .. ... .... .. .. ···· · ····
1905 •• •• •• • ••• • • • • •• •• ••• ••••
172
209
305
246
255
311
303
270
264
324
414
686
22 1
33
25
35
21
25
26
43
32
29
35
50
64
Total . ...... ... .......
a, 759
187 1
397
22
40
48
40
41
47
48
40
36
44
72
108
14
23
586
I
17
51 to
100.
32
32
44
36
41
57
29
34
70
12
17
25
18
19
21
26
19
22
34
34
46
12
9
22
20
15
26
18
13
18
17
29
43
51
37
51
57
120
366
293
242
603
20
34
29
25
25
23
32
28
101 or
over.
-57
54
85
74
77
99
84
63
85
92
105
210
45
1,085
I
This table shows that a large proportion of the strikes in Austria
were strikes of considerable magnitude, 1,085 out of a total of 3,759
involving over 100 employees.
In the table which follows the strikes are grouped according to the
number of working-days lost, which probably is the true measure of
magnitude, since it takes into account both the number of pe~sons
involved and the time during which they were idle:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
795
STRIKES IN AUSTRIA BY WORKING-DAYS LOST AND YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
Strikes in which the aggregate working-days lost wereYear.
Total
strikes. 1 to
10.
11 to 51 to 101 to 201 to
50.
100. 200.
300.
----
1894 ........
1.895 . .......
1896 ....... .
1897 ........
1898 ........
1899 ... .....
1900 ........
1901.. ......
1902. •••••·.
1903 ........
1904 ........
1005 ........
Total ..
172
209
305
246
255
311
303
270
264
324
414
15
10
22
14
21
17
50
18
59
28
53
65
49
65
686
26
11
19
26
29
108
136
3,759
235
791
- ---
57
60
68
301 to
400.
401 to
500.
I 501
to • 1,001 to 5,001 to
1,000.
5,000. 10,000.
---22
26
41
30
34
34
46.
43
29
48
49
89
491
25
24
36
27
38
50
32
33
30
43
17
23
25
24
25
24
28
33
9
9
8
13
11
15
14
14
25
21
50
107
28
29
27
53
35
495
336 1
194
20
5
6
5
12
4
6
6
7
11
6
16
21
1051
15
12
27
27
28
30
16
28
26
30
43
34
35
43
42
24
39
75
31
32
54
94
3G3
488
28
38
7
7
16
7
6 •
16
8
2
7
10
13
25
124
Over
10,000.
10
9
17
9
7
16
18
3
4
10
12
22
13 7
Owing to the short duration of many of the strikes, the aggregate
working-days lost did not exceed 100 days in 1,517, or 40.4 per cent
of the total number of strikes.
The summary tables of strikes, as published in the Austrian
reports, do not show the results of strikes by principal causes, but
make each individual demand· a separate unit, regardless of the
number of strikes: Thus the statistics which follow show the number of times each demand figured as an incentive to a strike, and
the results of such damands. The figures for the years 1891 to
1893 were not in such form that they could be used in this connection.
Those for the years 1894 to 1897, inclusive, do not include strikes in the
mining industries, while those for 1898 to 1905 show the demands
made and results for all the strikes reported in the preceding tables.
The following table shows the causes or objects for which strikes
were undertaken and the results for each year from 1894 to 1905.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
796
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
[St rikes due to t wo or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the totals for this
table, if computed, would not agree with those for the preceding tables. Strikes in the mining industry previous to 1898 er e not included.]
1894.
Strikes which-
Marginal
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
number.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
F ailed.
---- ---1
2
!5
6
7
8
9
10
For increase of wages .......................... .. .... .
Against reduct ion of wages .......................... .
88
18
3
43
16
23
28
1
24
74
J~~ ~:~~~~fJiialflieiJ~;:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
For discharge of foremen, etc ........ ...... .. ........ .
Against discharge of striking employees ...... ... .... .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .... ... .. . .
For adoption of sh op rules . .. ... .. ................... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ... . . ... .
Other causes . ...... .. ..... . .......................... .
31
'5 7
8
3 ·······--- ---------15
25
3
2
14
6
17
3
24
1 ---- ------ ..........
6
1
17
8
29
37
20
10
1895.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2b
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
For increase of wages .............. .. ................ .
Against r educt ion of wages ......... ......... .. ...... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rat e for
overcime.
For extra pay for preliminary work .... .... .. ....... .
For extra pay for m ealtime work . . ............ , ..... .
For free lodgmg in factory building ........ .. ... .. ... .
Against increase of hours ........... .... ....... .... .. .
For reduction of hours . .. .. .... .................. . ... .
For abolition or limitation of overtime .............. .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reduction of hours on Saturday ................. .
For change of rules .. .. ........... . .... . .............. .
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen, etc .... ... .............. . .. .
For reinstatement of discharged employees ... . ...... .
Against dischar ge of striking employees . .... ........ .
For disch arge of objectionable persons ........... .... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ........ .
For recognit ion or creation of employees' committees.
For abolition of piece or contract work .......... .... .
For establishment of court of arbitration ........ .... .
Disaweement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
For limitation of number of apprentices . . ........... .
For pay while on strike ....... .... ..... .... .. ........ .
Other causes . . . .. . .............. ... ...... . ........... .
103
26
28
21
18
49
10
9
2
3
9
6
1 .......... ..........
1
1
1 ................... .
1 .......... ..........
1
4
50
3 . . . . ... . ..
23
3
2
7
5
• 3
2
45
14
18
9
19
33
10
32
14
•
l
24
2 . . . . .. ..... .. . . .. . ..
13
6
12
1
4
5
1
18
8
2
1
19
3
16
3
22
11
21
2
12
3
9
1
5
1
11
1 . - - - .. . - - . - - - . .. - - ..
2
2
2
3
1 - . . ..... . .
5 ..........
13
18 96 .
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
For increase of wages .............. ............ ...... .
Against reduct ion of wages . .................. .. ... ... .
For pay for holidays and lost t ime.and extra rat e for
overtime.
For extra pay for secondary work ................... .
For extra p ay for special work ....................... .
For _pay for r ejected work ...... . ... .................. .
167
24
30
31
!:3
8
9
7
4
73
12
14
1 .......... ..........
1
1
1 ......... .
1 . . ... ... .. ,. . . . . . . . . .
1
4
1
1
2
94
36
22
36
~g:1~~uict1~~a~1 ~~~i~_r_s_-_-_ -. -. : ::::::::::::::::::::::::
For abolition or limitation of overtime ...... ....... . .
5
2
3
6
3
2
For abolition or limit ation of Sunday and holiday
work.
2
8
46 For r eduction of hours on Saturday ... . .............. .
47 For one day of r est each week ... ·.· .. ............... . . .
1 ... - . - .. ...... - - .. - 2
1 . ... ... - - .
48 For reduct10n of hours before holidays .............. .
1
49 For abolition of intermission and consequent shortening of working day.
21
24
6
51
50 For change of rules ... . . . .. ... ........................ .
4
12
3
5
51 For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
2
22
32
8
52 For discharge of foremen, etc ....... . ................ .
27
11
38
53 For reinstatement of disch a rged employees .... .. .... .
21
4
14
54 Against discharge of striking employees ...... ..... .. .
39
a This total does not agree with the sum of the items: the figures ar e given, however, as shown in
the original report.
43
44
45
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
797
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905.
[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the totals for this
table, if comput ed, would not agree with those for the preceding tables. Strikes in the mining industry previous to 1898 are not included.]
1894,
Establishments in which.strikeTotal establishments.
Succeeded. Succeeded
Failed.
partly.
2,072
34
3
2,264
16
24
28
9
1,753
2,066
74
314
25 -----------3 ·······--···
41
210
2 -----------6 -----------1
3
9 -----------10
11
w
83
1,684
9
-----------2,013
14
18
24
-----------1;732
1,943
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
23,411
1,955
162
28,929
1,160
2,330
3,401
295
15,676
a 34,221
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
Marginal
number.
3,122
12,779
7,510
430
1,525 -- --- -- ----162 ------------ -----------1,788
467
26,674
98 -----------1,062
479 -----------1,851
1.54
63
3,184
295 ······-·---- ······-·-···
4,498
488
10,600
7,089
25,434
1,554
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1,640
275
1,375
6,086
1,339
450
11
12
13
238
------------ ------ ----- 364 ------------ ........ i94.
--------- --- -----------402 -----------78
2,491
11,734
866
1,460
------------ ••••••••••••
14
15
1895,
488
40
126
89
15
22
1
14
1
17
518
46
78
. . . . . . . . .i1'
238
16 1
61
............
............
161
9
43
19,773
1,786
2,506
1
14
63
238
364
194
40
15,091
1,460
1,389
3
150
72
2 ----···-····
47
38
20
49
1
65
3
292
8,Z71
2,609
19
3 ------···-·65
72 ............
2 ............
3
28
1 ---·-······ ·
16
129
14
40
14
------------ ............
16 -----------183
33
------------ ------------
-----------1
1
302
46
22
57
12
9
13
98
99
1 ------····-1 - . --- --. ---- ···--------1
2
4
2 ··········-·
22 ··········-55
77
1 -----------1 ······-----22 -·-·-------49
71
12,047
172
681
364
425
254 ------·-·-··
2,061
2,329
1,273
1,274
16
600
17
18
19
20
38
3,881
62
21
22
23
2,017
2,176
159 -------·-·· ·
796
2,752
19
1,937
10,577
8,539 -·-·-·-----1,988
210 ···········1,220
1,430
213
32
754
999
G46
369 ···-·····- -·
277
2,810
2 -----·······
2,808
5 . -- -- - . - . -- ---·-·-----5
157 -----------·
851
1,008
426 -----------·
1,637
2,0~3
65 -----------65 -···········
2,194
325 ········-···
1,869
~
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
1896.
1,582
85
502
2 -------·-···
137 ··---·----·5 ----- - ---···
1
8
626
1,473
224 -----------269
•
1,300
64
363
99
9
33
2
-----------137 ··--·------5
-----------5
731
221
256
2
2
9
1 ------------ ----------·1 -----·-·---2
1 ---········· ········-···
441
302
187
29
32
66
205
8
11
76
183
12
106
382
14
287
100
207
216
47
57
11,161
2,485
2
22
55
109
7,174
6,210
8,270
20
1,407
382
1,040
46 ............
948 ---· --- ----127 -----·-·-- -124
484
6,113
19,786
779 -----------13
909
5
1
1
1
------------
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
116
3
12
23,357
3,003
6,695
114
14,628
1,591
3,283
·--·····g4g'
·----------2!}4
4,429
685
564
84
---------- -· ----········
6~ ----------··
----------- - ----········
6,687
1,051
1,462
867
1, 04))
529
2, 056 ........ } ...
771
4,932
7,322
1 030
2;372
36
37
38
46
39
40
41
42
43
44
·····-··-···
127
66
9,244
94
332
45
184
14..
224
100
46
47
48
49
3,012
567
50
51
5,596
4,154
2,567
52
53
54
798
REPORT OJ!' THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued,
1896--:Conciuded.
Marginal
number.
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
Cause or object.
Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmii nner).
•
2 For discharge of objectionable persons. ______________ _
3 Against being compelled to work on holidays ________ _
4 For recognition-or creation of employees' committees_
5 For abolition of piece or contract w-0rk ...... __ ... __ ..
6 Disagreement r egarding sick and accident insurance ..
7 FoI regulation of .a pprenticeship system .. . .. _... . ... .
8 For pay while on strike ......................... ... -. 9 For abolition of home work ..... _........ __ ._._ ...... .
10 Against being compelled to board with employer ... . .
11 For adoption of piece or contract work .............. .
12 Against employment of men without consent of other
employees.
13 For adoption of shop rules ........................... .
14 Other ca uses ............ . . _................... _...... .
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
2
14
16
14
18
2
5
5
1
6
1
4
1
1
1
1 . ... _. _____ . _... _. __
2
5
9
11
7
17
1
3
1
2 ......... .
3
2
1 ___ . _... _... ___ . . _..
1
2 ••• ···-··· ··--- - ·-· ·
2
1 .. - . - ... -.. . -... - ...
1
31
10
4
17
123
19
25
19
3
48
56
4
7
9
1897.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
For increase of wages ....................... . . _._ .... .
Against reduction of wages ....................... _.. .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra pay for secondary work ...... _... __.. _.. _. _
For ·e xtra pay for special work .... .. _... _._ .. _....... .
For extra rate for night work ...... . _... _............ .
For pay for rejected work ....... _.. _.. . . _.. __ . __ . .. .. .
~~ i~:i~~J~~~~a~~ h;~~i.r.s_-_-_·_ ·_ ~:::::: ~~::::::::::::::::
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
For abolition or limitation of overtime .. _. ___ . _____ ._
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reductlon of hours on Saturday ___ .. _.. __.. __ ___ _
F-0r reduction of hours before holidays._. ____ .. ___ ._ . .
Against being compelled to work on election day. __ ....
For increase of hours._. _____ .. __ .. ____ __ ._._ .. __ .. __ ..
For change of rules. ___ . _. _.... _........ _. _...... _.. ... _
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
_
For discharge of foreimm, etc ............. _. _. ___ . _.. .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .. _....... .
Against discharge of striking employees ...... __ _. _.. .
Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanne-r).
For discharge of objectionable persons __ ............ __
Against being compelled to work on holidays .... _.. _.
For recognition or creation of employees' committees.
For abolition of piece or contract work .. _. _...... _.. .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance .. .
For regulation of apprenticeship system ... _. __ .. ..... .
:44 -Against
I~~ ItKuI~~\~~~~:~or1r:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
being compelled to board with employer .... .
45
46
47
For abolition of night work ... ___ . __ .. _._ .. _. __ .. .. ... .
For employment of new men through agency of employees' committee.
Other causes ...... . _................................ :.
9
12
2
2 ·-··· ·-·· •.•........
1
1 . _...... __
1 .... __ ... __ . .. _.. _..
1
1 ..... _.. ___ ... ___ ...
3
2 _.........
1
1
52
11
13
3 .......... ----· -··-10
6
2
28
3
2
9
3
1
1 ............ ... _.. . .
4
1
5
3
2 ... . . ... . . ..... .....
50
24
5
9
6
2
21
3
24
27
21
3
5
9
2
19
19
10
15
11
16
3
4
2
2
5
11
1
5
10
9
13
2
2 ••••• ···-- -···-··-··
2
1
8
2
3
1
1 ...... _.. _ .... _... _.
1 ........ - ....... - . - 1
4
2
2
l
24
8
140
28
10
12
13
1898.
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
¥or increase of wages ............ , ........... . __ ..... .
Against reduction of wages ....... _. ___ . __ . _. _....... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra pay for secondary work ................ __ __
For extra pay for special work ... _____ ... __ .. ___ ... _..
For increase of wages for home work ........ __ ... •. _._
For pay for enforced idleness.: ........ _. _.. __ ... _. _. _
For increase of monthly gratmty .................. _..
For-pay for rejected work .... __ . . _.... _- . - -- -- . -- -_- __
For change in method of payment ................... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
31
28
57
7
14
2
14
4
55
3
8
2
1
1
1 .. . _. . •,...
1 .. . ...... .
1 ..... _... 1 __ .... __ - -
5
l
1 . __ . _______ .. _. _....
1 .. ____ .. __ _. _. __ . _..
1
•
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
799
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905---Continued.
1896-Concluded .
Strikers in strikes whichEstablishments in which strikeTotal es- ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,
Total •
tablishFailed.
strikers. Succeeded. Succeeded
Failed.
Succeeded. Succeeded
ments.
partly.
partly.
150
2
14
445
110
277
53
78
5 ... .........
376
1
87
6
9 ... . ... .....
52 . . . . . . . . . .. .
21
1
9
68
17
268
1
56
1
38 • •••••••••••
38 ••••••••••••
37
160
197 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1 ............ ............
1 . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... .. .
2 •••••••••••• ••• .••.•.•••
4
189
2
4
34
148
1,998
4,781
4,045
1,943
1,017
910
63
309
623
9
49
33
5,944
13 ........... .
Marginal
number.
137
1,755
243 . . . . .. . . . . . .
2,893
1,477
411
1,401
218
2,426
1,909
34 ....... .....
25
· 992............
486
385
39
63
... . ........ .. ..........
309 ... ·········
............
87
536
. . . . .. . . . . . .
9
............. . ·····•· ·· ·
49
............ ............
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1,4.43
1,075
33
3,426
13
14
1,651
385
1,812
9,367
388
3,580
14,200
237
1,668
15
16
17
1897.
701
20
153
2
39
3
\l
535
4
72
127
13
72
··········~· ·········T::::::::::::
1
1 ............ ·•·•·•••••••
1 •••••••••••• ••• •••••••••
2 ... .........
3
143
112
378
19 ·•·········· ...•••••••••
4
110
116
1
1
1
123
19
2
14
74
59
64 ••••••••••••
18
46
1
1 ........•..... ·•·······.
2 ••••••••.•.• ••••••••••••
2
65
20
108
193
14
53 ............
67
24
52
85
3
35
89
45
73
47
g ·· ···· ····r
91
16 . ····· ... ~~. ·········i6.
554 ... ,........ ............
117 ••••••••••••• •••••••••••
204 .. ..........
221
12,162
5,877
1,521
243 ·••••••••••• ••••••••••••
1,615
1,000
592
::::::::::::
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
986
1,580
78
2,644
63
119
182 . . . . . . . . . . . .
276
276 ••••• ••••••• •••••••••• ••
45 ..••••.... .. ·· ·••••••··•
45
9, 775
3,193
4,612
17,580
1,009
2,179 . ...........
3,188
26
27
28
29
30
31
2,558
1,020
2,475
220
32
33
34
35
1,376
1,149
1,923
2,240
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
554
117
17
4, 764
243
23
5,034
3,121
7,625
1,023
2,476
2,011
4,729
803
·········40·
!~1 ::::::::::::
.... ................... .
2, 012
2,437
2,648
2,444
272
999
48
42
287
795
119
594
737
725
163
21i
219
48
3
10, 347
1,515
859
7,973
47
;!,618
321
3,017
18,517
1,461
1,177
7,930
1,391
2,125
43
49
50
71
3
2 ••• •••••••••
3
2
53
9
2 •••• ••••••••
2
13
19
44
11
1
30
27
43
. 58
1
15
15 ......... .... .. .. ······.
19
6
M
M
65
65 ········ ·•·· ...... .•....
46
46 ...•....••.• ·•·•·••••••·
94
25,~18
1,010
7,060
10
90
421
42
551
41
780
42
84
795
119
1898.
914
33
260
86
10
65
585
7
86
243
16
109
4
7 . ... ... .....
l1
77
29
~
118
72 ........... .
72 ............
1 ........... .
1 ............
1 ........... .
1 ... . . . . . . . . .
2
2 •••••••••••• ••••••••••.•
195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
195
29,065
3,173
6,319
1,736
109 .... ........
1,845
1,223
143
35
1,401
1,095 •••• ••• •••••
1,0951············
126 ......... . . .
126 . .. . .. . . . . . .
12 ........... .
12 . . . . .. . . . . . .
50 ....................... .
50
2, 923
2, 923 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
800
REPORT
OF THE COMMISSIONER
OF LABOR.
-
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued. •
1898-Concluded.
Strikes which-
Mar-
ginal
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
nlllll-
ber.
Succeeded .
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
- - -1-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2
3
4
5
6
For car fare and pay for time spent in going to and
from place of work.
For extra rate for night work __.. . _........ . .. __ ..... .
For free lodging and fue~ ... .......................... .
For extra pay for mealtrme work ........... _.. __ .... .
For free bakery products . .... ... . .. ........ __ . ..... _:
For free or lower-priced fuel. ...................... : ..
~ i~:~~~t~~~~~f ~~~i:r.s_._·. •. ~:::::::::::::::::::::::::
9
10
For abolition or limitatioi;i. of overtime ...... ... ..... .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
11 For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ..... .
12 For retention of hours of rest ............... . _....... .
13 For r eduction of hours before holidays ......... .. ... .
14 For intermissions during night work ........ .... _... .
15" For week-day r est when working Sundays .. ......... .
13 For or against change of rules .......... ............. .
17 For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
18 For discharge of foremen, etc . . ......... .............. •
19 For reinstatement of discharged employees ... ....... .
20 Against discharge of striking employees ............. .
21 For discharge of objectionable persons .............. :.
22 Against being compelled to work on holidays ........ .
23 For recognition or creation of employees' committees.
24 For abolition of piece or contract work ......... ..... .
25 Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
26 For regulation of apprenticeship system ............. .
27 For pay while on strike .............................. .
28 Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
29 Against being compelled to board with employer . ... .
30 For adoption of piece or contract work .. ............ .
31 Other causes ......................................... .
---
3 ·•••••· ..... .. .. .. . .
3
1
1 .......... ..........
1
1
1 ......... .
1
1 . - ................ - .
4
1 .... - .....
5
66
20
4
4
2
1
10
1
3
1
1
52
8
3
1
2
----------
21
34
21
13
7
6
7
9
4
4
13
6
17
4
5
2
4
1
2
28
23
17
2
1
3
·-----------------1
9
6
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
14
29
---------1
1
20
2
14
24
11
9
2
5
14
2
1
1
3
1
6
1
8
1899.
32
33
34
For increase of wages . ......... .... ..... . . . . . ........ .
180
25
81
741
Against reduction of wages ......................... . .
30
8
10
12
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
30
10
5
15
overtime.
35 For extra pay for secondr.ry work ................... .
4
2
2
35 For pay for enforced idleness .. ..... . ....... ...... . .. .
1 - ... - . .. . - . . . . . . . . . .
1
37 For pay for rejected work .. ...... ..... ..... . ... .. .. . . .
2
1 ..........
1
38 Against deductions of all kinds from wages .......... .
8
7 . . . . . . . .. .
1
33 For regulation of wages for work on Monday .... .... .
1 . ..... - . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
40 For higher premiums ....... .. ... . .. . . . . .... ......... .
1
1 ......... .
41 For extra pay for mealtime work ... . ... .. . .......... .
1 .......... ..........
1·
42 For free or lower-priced fuel. . ... ..... ............... .
2
2 .............. - .... .
43 Against increase of hours . . .......................... .
7
4
1
2
44 For reduction of hours ..... ..... . ... ... ...... ..... ... .
105
37
19
49
45 For abolition or limitation of -overtime ....... . ...... .
5
1
4
46 For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
15
3
8
work.
47 For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ..... .
7
3
48 For retention of hours of rest .. ...... .... ............ .
1
49 For rednctio!1 of hours before holidays ......... _. __ ..
2 . ... . .. .. . ... . .... ..
2
50 For restoratwn of legal hours of labor . .............. .
1
1 ............ ... .... .
51 For reduction of ho,urs for women ...... .. .. ... .. .... .
2
1 ..........
1
52 Against change from full to half shift ........... _.... .
1
1
53 For or against change of rules . . . .' ................... .
76
34
15
27
54 For better arrangements concerning workshops and
20
15
1
4
dwellings .
55 For di~charge of foremen, etc......... ... .............
24
2
9
13
56 For reinstatement of discharged employees ... ........
41
6
4
31
57 Against discharge of striking employees ... ..... _._...
54
34
4
16
58 For discharge of objectionable persons................
13
2
1
10
59 Against being compelled to work on holidays.........
21
6
15
60 For recognition or creation of employees' committees..
16
9
7
61 For abolition of piece or contract work...............
10
1
9
62 Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance...
6
3
2
63 For regulation of apprenticeship system ... ......... . ..
4
1
3
a This total does not agree with the sum of the items; the figures are given, however, as shown in
the original report.
' •
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES A
801
D RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued.
189~-Concluded.
Establishments in which strikeTotal es- ,_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ,
Total
, tablishstrikers.
Failed.
Succeeded. Succeeded
ments.
partly.
16
16 ....................... .
12 . ... .. ... .. .
2
14
1
1
1
1 ............ ............
60 . . .... . .....
60 .. ····· ·· ···
1
1
4
1 ........... .
5
214
262
621
145
20 ... . . .. . . ...
27
47
1
61
8
70
108
1
31
1
60
a !i07
21
32
72
178
13
123
103
81
15
68
2
13
19
16
73
1 ................... ... . .
13
18
1
iiff : ········~·
3
72
43
50
4 • •••• •••••••
12
109
73
18
8
2
13 . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
2
26
56
9
2
12
71
2
4
1 ............
1
3 ............
10
60 ... . . .... ...
60 ..... ······.
1
2 ............
3
63
24
37
124
186
Strikers in strikes which1 - - - - - --
- - -- - - 1
Succeeded. ·succeeded
partly.
Failed.
186 ...... . ..... .. ........ . .
1,981
251
2,232
37
37
200 . ········ .. . . . ..... .....
200
185 ........... .
185 . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
135
798
39 ... ........ .
837
5,401
4,309
4,189
13,899
100
2,105 ..... ..... ..
2,205
124
22
320
466
92
2,869
268
268
72
230
200 •• ••••••••••
185 . ····· ......
9,522
18,054
1, 41~
3,037
4,178
6,542
3,954
1,019
3,392
4,647
4,042
959
254
47
1,429
Marginal
number.
1,199
1,578
•••• •••••• •• ••••••••• •••
' 15
... . ..... .. .
200
•••• ••••••••
185 ........... .
7,288
1,244
1,625
............
268-369
9 6
765
1,095
1,232
191 -----· --- -- 3,257
86
2,442
1,159
86
60
302 ---·-· -----·
24
200
12 ------- -- -··
833 -----·-·····
3,541
4,791
1,627
28
49
1,046
3,896
657
30
35
596
185 . .......... .
185 . . . ...... .. .
74
15 . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
5,590
3,808
10,134
736
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ll
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1 89 9 .
996
32
493
662
10
30
97
8
63
237
14
40)
2 -----------2
4
1 ------------ -------- -- -1
4 . ... ........
5
1
10
9 .. .. ........
1
37 ····-·-·-·-- ..... . ......
37
1 -- --- ------1 -·---------1 ------------ --- --- -----1
2 ------------ -----------2
4
2
7
1
]54
1,037
333
550
379 ····· · ····-·
311
68
487
11
58
418
.
142
72
5
65
1
1 ··----··-- -- --- -- -- --·-·
3 ---- -- -- ---- ---- ---- -- -3
1
1 ------- -- ·- - ---------·-·
2
1 -----------1
1 -------·-·-1 -·-·--- ----2
394
72
34
25
35
1
9
30
4
169
16
487
344
102
44
41 -
12
7
112
2
19
319
1
5
1
5
6
5
1
---------·-····--·----··-·-···-·- 1
... .........
309B-07--51
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
13
35
52
13
468
25
101
38
40
31,831
3,446
8,430
3,551
G52
3,101
18,625
1,900
1,090
9,655
894
4,239
32
33
34
] 34
G52
518 -- ------- --11
11 ---- ------ -· -- ---------1,220 -----------1,255
35
2,426
2,241 -- ---------185
130 -----------· -----------130
54 ••••••••••••
54 ••••••••••••
289
289 ··-····· ---- -------·-· ··
164 ------------ -----------164
195
71
96
328
7,484
31,400
15,111
,805
1,626 -·- -·-- ·---l,099
527
1,510
1,976
3,581
95
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
12,233
10,141
1,375
717
77 ---·- ·-··- - · -- ---···-·-37
37 ---- ··- ----- -----------1,345 -----·-···-- -----------1,345
1, 442
826 -·········-616
76 -------·--- 76 ···· - --·---23,495
3,394
16,194
3,907
3,053
70
1,788
1,195
4
4
49
50
51
52
53
54
1,386
1,578
289
620
544
8,443
46
107
2,G09 -- -- --- -·-·
3,090 --- -------- 486 ----- -- ----1,345
702
1 345 . . .. ........
55
56
57
58
5'.)
60
61
62
63
77
3,723
5,167
11,421
2,241
7,417
4,474
1,5~6
2,236
1,511
759
4,258
2,434
2,0 8
4,808
1, 384
1, 080
189
166
{6
802
REPORT OF ';['HE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 18)4 TO 1335-Continuad.
1899-Concluded .
Strikes which-
Marginal
munber.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
For pay while on strike .............................. .
Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
Against being compelled to board with employer .... .
For adoption of piece or contract work .............. .
For abolition or limitation of home work ..... . ...... .
For abolition of night work .......................... .
Other causes.-· ...................................... .
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
3 ······· .. ........ . . .
3
1
1
2
1
1 ..........
1 ..........
44
18
Failed. ·
3
2
................... .
..........
1
..........
1
..........
1
2
24
1900.
8
~
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
'/,7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4o
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
For increase of wages ..................... ........... .
Against reduction of wages .................. . ....... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra pay for secondary work ........ ... . ....... .
For pay for en.forced idleness ......................... .
For pay for rejected work .. . ... .... . ... ... . ........ . .'.
For higher rate on account of poor material ......... .
Against deductions of all kinds from wages .......... .
For free delivery of prepared matprial ....... ........ .
Against tailors being required to furnish their own
needles, thread , etc.
For abolition of premium system .................... .
For retention of premium system ....... . . . . ... .. .... .
For extra pay for Sunday and holiday worlc ......... .
For free lodging and fuel ..................... .. ...... .
For-free or lower-priced fuel. ............ . .. ... : ..... .
For free or lower-priced lighting .............. . ...... .
For free tools for miners ............................. .
For free powder ...................................... .
For part payment of heating expenses ..... ..... .. . .. .
}~or part payment of lodging expenses ............... .
For part payment of loss from wear of tools ......... .
For uniform rate of wagPs ........................... .
For free bakery products ........... . ................ .
Against increase of hours ............ . ............... .
For reduction of hours . .... . ......................... .
For abolition or limitation of overtime .............. .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ..... .
For an occasional day of rest ................ ... ..... .
For reduction of hours before h olidays .............. .
For restoration of legal hours of labor ............. . . .
For reduction of hours for women ................... .
For intermissions during hours of labo r ............. .
For abolition of night work .............. ....... ..... .
For or against change of rules ........ .... .. ......... .
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen, etc .. . ..................... .
For rei.nstatement of discharged employees ....... . .. .
Against discharge of striking employees ........ ... .. .
For discharge of objectionable persons ............... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ........ .
For recognition or creation of employees' committees.
For abolition of piece or contract work .............. .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
For regulation of apprenticeship system ............. .
For pay while on strike ..... ... ............. ... .. .... .
Agamst discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
Against being compelled to board with employer ..... .
For retention of piece or contract work ............... .
For payment of wages in advance ..................... .
For abolition of female labor ........ .. .......... . .... .
For abolition or limitation of home work ............. .
For establishment of court of arbitration ............ .
Other causes ........................... ..... ......... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
184
24
36
86
1
8
62
35
11
15
6
1
2
1
2 ······ ............. .
1
1
4
12
12
5
1 .. .. ... .. .
1
2
1
1
1 ................... .
1 .......... ..........
1
1 ................... .
1
1
2
1
1
11
1
7
7
3
1
4 ••••••••• • ••• - ••• •••
1 ...... - . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 .............. - .. - . .
3
3
4
1
1
1
1 .. ... . ............ . .
1 .......... ..........
1
2
1 ..........
1
1 .............. - . . . . .
1
5
4
1
99
41
21
37
5
11
2
3
4
3
4
10
3
6
1 .......... ..........
2 •••••••••• ••• • • •••••
1
2
1 .......... ..........
1
3
4
1
3
6~
2
1
2~ • • • • • •
·ii· ••••.. •si •
12
8
4
24
3
30
57
12
gz
3
21
21
7
30
11
31
12
13
4
7
2
8
4
1 ................... .
2
: >I :;;,
.l :::1 ;
23
9
18
17
9
5
4
1
2
1
t1
2
1
13
803
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES .AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COU TRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued.
1899-Concluded.
Strikers in strikes which-
Establishments in which strikeTotal es- ,___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ,
Total
tablishstrikers.
Succeeded. Succeeded
Failed.
ments.
partly.
6 .••.•••••..• ·•·•··•·••••
15
13 ........... .
41
41
5
4
34 ... ...... .. .
311 . . . . . . . . . . . .
452
375
6
2
....................... .
... .........
1
······· .....
34
. . . . .. . .. . ..
311
3
74
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -1
Succeeded. Succeed ed
p artly.
1,859
226
45 ••••••••••••
Failed.
1,859
181
92
92 .... ······ ............. .
500
1,220 . .... .. .....
1,720
400 ••• •• •••• •••••••• •••••••
400
1,099 ... ········· ... ... ... . ..
1,099
3,678
1,452
3,208
8,338
Marginal
number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1900.
783
38
69
229
24
444
1
24
9
110
13
36
1 ........... .
7
6
117
117
1 . . . . . . . .. .. .
1 ........... .
1 ............
1 ........... .
1
3
1
1
1 ....................... .
1 . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
5
1
1
1
2
199
173
134
16
1
1
1
•••••• ••••••
........... .
.. . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
41
............
. ..... ... . . .
·... ... . ... . .
1
............
••••••• •• ••• •
1
............
1
. . . . . . . .. .. .
1
1 ........ .. . .
67
131
1
131
............
134
.. . . . . . . . .. .
16
. . . . . . . . . .. .
1
•••·•••••••• ••••· •••••.• ,
............
1
2
1 . .. . .. . . . .. .
3 •••••••••••• ••••••••••••
5
4 . . . .. . .. . . . .
558
124
323
25
2 ............
56
11
26
1
3
1
111
23
19
20
42
31
63
31
5
1
20
4
1
333
20
62
195
341
12
222
334
25
8
42
1
19 ........... .
1
1
92
49
16
3
7
121
114
142
3
151
160
4
1
142
143
4
59
74
78
9
70
32
21
6
12
30
1
24
2
43
192
2
2
56
1
1
1
5
1
1
3
42
106
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
31
93,000
1,447
6,182
5,124
563
2,454
77,041
46
944
10,835
838
2,784
9
1,798
300 . .. . . . . . . . . .
1,498
767
767 .. ..................... .
134 . . . . . . . . . . . .
134 . . ......... .
167 • ........... .
167 ........... .
365
49
243
73
22
22 ••••••• •••••• •••••••••••
15 ............... ... .. ·,·..
15
11
12
13
14
15
lfi
17
300 •••••••••••• ••••• • ••••••
300
9 •••••••••••• ••••••••• •••
9
12 •••••••••••• •••••• • •••••
12
358
184
174 ........... .
61,610
100
32,605
28, 905
53,829
24,725
199
28, tO5
30,106
30,106 ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
7,305
1,m ................. ···· ·· ·
•••••••••••• ••••• •••••••
674
509
509 ••••• •• ••••• ••••••••••••
25 ... .... ..... ... . ... . ....
25
142
9 • • ••••••••••
133
18 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .
18
367
360 ••••••••••••
7
81,288
4,318
38,756
38,214
780 . . . . . . . . . . . .
224
1,004
8,689
430
917
7,342
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
3,808
2,157
315
1,336
76
76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38 .• -· -··· -··· • •. ·-·· .. -·.
38
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
2,S.'37
2,498 . . .. . . . . . .. .
339
923
m . : : : : : : : : : : : : . - ......
381
71,399
5,054
26,096
40,249
2,379
2,191 . . . . . . . . . . . .
188
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
29,171
59,364
72,076
1,440
20,950
40,735
1,973
977
2,489
44
~~~.
418
280
12,345
156
1,949
4,522
207
492
2,203
23,050
25,018
28,753
36,034
34,713
1,284
76
25,018
18,925
11,195
1,766
485
286
7
7
2
705
705
1
1
1
1
202
2
1
71
145
22,649 1
33
8
10
117
76
9
3,135
11
31
94
71
21
2,870
11
31
94
124
16,644
29
30
31
32
33
34
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
804
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued.
1901.
St1ikes whichMar- I
ginal
number.
Total
strik s.
Ca use or object.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
- - - 1 - - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
For increase of wages ................................ .
Against reduct-ion of wages ...... . ................... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra pay for secondary work ................... .
For pay for rejected work ............................ .
Against deductions of all kinds from wages .......... .
For free lodging and fuel or their equivalents ........ .
For free or lower-priced fuel.. ... ..................... .
For free or lower-priced lighting ..................... .
For extra rate for night work ... ..................... .
Against increase of hours ............................ .
For reduction of hours . . ..... ... .... ................. .
For abolition or limitation of overtime . . ............ .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ..... .
For week-day rest when working Sundays ........... .
Against change of hours on Saturday, Monday, or
before holidays.
For increase of hours ................................. .
For intermissions during hours of labor .. : .......... .
For or against change of rules ........................ .
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen, etc ....... .. ... .... . ....... .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .......... .
Against discharge of striking employees ............. .
For discharge of objectionable persons ............... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ........ .
For recognition or creation of employees' committees
For abolition of piece or contract work .............. .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
For regulation of apprenticeship system ............. .
For change of system of arbitration ... _.. . . . ........ .
Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmlinner).
Against being compelled to board with employer .... .
For adoption of piece or contract work .............. .
For abolition or limitation of home work ......... . .. .
For establi shment of court of arbitration ............ .
Other causes ...... . .. _..................... .. ........ .
128
28
22
54
52
11
14
5
7
3
10
6
4
1
2 . .. .. .....
2
1 ....... . . .
7
2
1
2 . .... ..... .. . .......
4
2
2
1 ..........
1
1 . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .
1
1 .. - ................ .
1
4
2
6
61
21
1
5
2
1
13
27
2
1 .... - ..... - -....... .
1
1 . - .. . - .. . . - ........ .
51
26
10
7
• 27
37
23
13
7
16
2
7
7
5
13
7
2
9
1
12
13
2
1
20
26
6
1
10
1
1
3
6
4
1
8
1
3
3
2 .... . .... .. ........ .
1
1
1 - . - .... - . - - . . . .... .
1
1
1
23
10
147
24
>
1902.
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
[O
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
(·0
61
62
For increase of wages ................................ .
Against reduction of wages .......................... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra rate for night work ........................ .
For extra rate for Sunday and holiday work ......... .
Against deductions of all kinds from wages .......... .
Against di:Scontinuance of contributions to rent ..... .
For free or lower-priced fuel. ...... ................... .
For free or lower-priced lighting ........ ............. .
For free tools for miners ............................. .
For free working materials ............... . ........... .
For free working clothes ............................. .
For extra rate for outside work ...................... .
For payment of deductions from wages ........ ..... . .
Against increase of hours ......... ................... .
For reduction of hours ............................... .
For abolition or limitation of overtime .............. .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ...... .
For an occasional day of rest ....... ................. .
Against change of hours on Saturday, Monday, or
before holidays.
For abolition of night work._ ........................ .
For additional days of rest .......................... .
For or against change of rules ....................... .
For better arrangements c.oncerning workshops and
dwellings.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
28
28
7
62
2
8
6
2
61
19
14
1
1 .......... ..........
1
2
1 ......... .
1 .......... ..........
1
2 . ·••·•·•·.... . . . ....
3
2
1
1
1 ..........
6
2
1 ..........
1
1
2
4
70
26
2
..........
1
................... .
..........
1
3
..........
1
- . - ... .. ... . ....... .
. . . . ... .. .
2
12
32
1 .. - ..... - ... - . - . . . . .
5
2
10
1
3
2
2
1
1 ... - .............. - .
25
13
24
5
1
2
62
13
9 ......... .
1
4
805
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESU.LTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued.
1 90 1 .
Establishments in which strike-Total es- 1- -- ----,----- - - - - - - 1
Total
tablishstrikers.
Succeeded. Succeeded
Failed .
ments.
partly.
544
36
259
4
34
17
5
61
11
15
449
8
239
2 ••• •••••••••
2
1
5
1 ............
12
6
1 ........... .
5 . .... .. .. .. . ... . ... ... ..
2
1 ............
5
1
1
1 ............ ............
10 . ............ . ......... .
lO
7
4
3
431
49
82
300
10
10
53
49
3
5
45
2
119
180
160
1i ····· ····T
27
27
21
1
14
10
6
1
16
16
3
1
7
1
51
240
24
5
4
45
220
1
2
7
2
45
1
1
1
1
9
290
- - - - - , - - - -- -- --
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
2,171
755
373
327
314
72 .. . . ... .. ...
2,169
1,673
1,816 . . . . . . . . . . . .
340
303
37 . . . . . . . . . . . .
200
200
1,185
792
7,117
1,210
50
50
2,497
794
1 ........... .
45
2
1 ....................... .
1 ....................... .
1
178
81
13
84
57
51
6
36
39
36
14
13,535
2,415
1,891
Strikers in strikes wbicb1-
72
60
7,240
2,097
4,451
1,822
3,667
1,417
766
635
1,858
• 3,001
78
45
1
8,147
1,180
1,097
1,730
1,693
60 ---- --- ----3,297
2,391
494 -------·-···
180
-----------122
9
9
480
421
393
4,177
10
18
19
20
21
1,603
554
278
225
----------- - -----------180
149
6
6
19
44
2,241
34
1,082
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
72
-----------1,552
149
34
4,247
1
2
3
15
16
17
863
2,420
-----------180
Marginal
number.
76
146
180
44
267
3,217
3,638
1,445
205
1.,010
706
19
14
l
............
13
72 ........... .
126
370
............
1,816
............
37
............
37
43 ........... .
180
160
813
255
3,316
227
60
230
441
303
78
-1
Failed.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
924
33
34
35
36
37
6,937
2,970
1,569
38
39
40
1902 .
970
39
. 275
70
18
64
662
2
85
•
238
19
126
126
44 .. . .... ·····
82
............ ............
1
1 •........... .
2
1
1 ............ ............
2 • •••••••••• ••••• ••••••••
2
2 . . . . . . . .. . . .
1
3
27
27 .. .. . . ····· . . ......... . .
1
1 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
3
6
1
1 ............ ............
1 ....................... .
1
57
55 •••• ••••·•• •
2
672
339
168
165
1
1
7
105
fl6
i
59
32
46 ........... .
54
29
1
26
46 . .. ... ·····.
25
1 ........... .
]
498
117
281
188
32 ........... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22,231
4,005
6,259
2,530
2,686
243 . ..... . .....
114
74
429 . . . . . . . .. . ..
311 . . . . . . . . . . . .
271
320
238
238
85
13,362
410
3,259
. . . . . . . . . .. .
156
···········.
243
40 ••••••••••••
............
429
............
311
. . . . . . . . .. . .
49
.•.. ... . ..... ··· ···· ····
143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143
330
292
672
26
74
50
•• ••••• ··14· ::::::::::·:: ......... ~~.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
318 . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,792
7,266
93
4,881
7 . . . ..... .. .. .. .. ... . .. ..
2, 988
326
3,859
545
50
51
52
53
54
E5
143
!'i6
411
16,939
443
247
487
130
14, 397
1,545
53
7
57
58
382
382
183
1
29
1,932
625
1,431
355
132
183 . .......... .
130
2,537
627
59
60
61
62
806
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 189~ TO 1905-Continued.
19O2- -Concluded.
Marginal
number.
Strikes which- •
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
- -- - - - - - - - -- -------"-------1 ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
For discharge of foremen, etc .......... ... .... ... .. .. .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .......... .
Against discharge of striking employees ... .......... .
For discharge of objectionable persons ....... . ....... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ........ .
For recognition or creation of employees' committees ..
For abolition of piece or contract work .............. .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance . .
9 For regulation of apprenticeship system ............. .
10 For arbitration of labor disputes ............... . .... .
11 Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
12 For pay while on strike . ......... ..... ... ....... .. ... .
13 For piece or contract work ........ ... ...... ...... . ... .
14 For abolition or limitation of home work .. .. . .. ... .. .
15 . For establishment of court of arbitration ..... .. ..... .
16 Other causes ...... .. ... .............................. .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12
35
26
4
9
9
10
5
4
5
3
3
1
3
11
8
6
5
1
2
3
1
8
24
13
4
2
2
5
5
3
1
1
4
1 - . - -- - - -.. - -- - - - -- - -
1
2
1 - .. - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2
1
2
38
1
24
181
27
31
29
10
10
1
1
1
3
11
86
66
8
1903.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
For increase of wages ........ .. .............. . ....... .
Against reduction of wages .......................... .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra rate for holiday work ..................... .
For extra pay for secondary work ................... .
Against deductions of all kinds from wages ......... .
For reduction of rent of houses occupied by employees.
For free or lower-priced fuel. .......... . .. ....... ... _.
For free or lower-priced lighting ..... ... ..... ........ .
For free tools for miners ............................ . .
For free working materials .. .. .... .......... . .. . ..... .
For higher rate on account of poor materiai. ........ .
For increase of rate for outside work ........ .. ; . .... .
For extra rate for outside work .. .................... .
Against excessive dockage or fines . .. ..... .. ......... .
For abolition of premium system . .... ............... .
Against increase of hours ....... ..................... .
For reduction of hours .................. , ............ .
For abolition or limitation of overtim e ............ . .
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ..... .
For intermissions during hours of labor ............. .
For reduction of hours before h olidays .............. .
For reduction of hours for women .. .. .... ...... .. .. . .•
For abolition of night work ............. . ..... . .... .. .
For increase of hours ........... . ... . ........... . ..... .
For or against change of rules ........ ... _. .. .. . . .... .
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen, etc . .-: ..................... .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .. ...... . . .
Against discharge of striking employees ....... ...... .
For discharge of objectionable persons ............... .
Against being compelled to work on holic.ays ... ... .. .
For reco~ition or.creation of employees' committees ..
For aboht10n of piece or contract work .......... J ... .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
For regulation of apprenticeship system .. ... ..... . . . .
For a rbitrat ion of labor disputes ....... . ... . .. .. .... .
Against discharge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
For pay while on strike .......... . .... .. . .... .. ...... .
For employment of union men only .................. .
For abolition or limitation of home work ....... ..... .
For establishment of court of arbitration . .... .. .. .. . .
Against discharge of union employees ............... .
Against being compelled to board with employer ..... .
For payment of wages in advance ........ .......... __
Other causes ............. . .... , ..................... . .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9
9
1 . -. - . -.. - - . - - - - -.. -.
1
5
2
4
1
2
3
3
2
------··n:::::::i:
12
1
1
1
1
2
i
1
3
3
7
1
1 - . - - - -- - - - .. - . - -. - - 1
1 - - - .. - - .. 1 .. - - - - . . - - . . - - - - - - - 1
4 ..... . . .. ...... -... 4
6
2
8
89
3
8
7
39
1
19
1
5
1
2
1
31
1
5
1 ..........
1 ....... ., .
1
1 .. . ................ .
2 - - -- - -·· -- ... . .. .. . .
2
1
1
84
12
1 ................... .
1 • . .. ............ . . .. .
36
15
33
8
3
1
32
50
1
10
70
20
16
28
11
4
3
4
4
48
1
4
1
·I .JI
1
3
3
4
2 .... ......... - . -- . - -
2
3
1
6
1
33
30
36
21
14
9
12
8
1
2
1
1
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
807
CAUSES AJ:,l"D RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905--Continued.
1902-Concluded .
Establishments in which strikeTotal esI
tablishSucceeded Succeeded
Failed.
ments.
• partly.
I:
Strikers in strikes which'l'otal
strikers.
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
Marginal
Failed.
Illllllr
ber.
i
12
40
216
13
34
120
81
10
78
79
1
4 i--·········.
M1
5
3g 1::::::::::::
114
1
50 -----------3 -----------25
52
6 -----------1 ------------
2
-----------1 ---- -------- -----------2
1 ------------
45
44
394
205
---- --------
8
24
122
8
4
5
31
7
1
73
······--- ---
1,133
4,545
2,871
662
600
1,669
3,2\H
593
590
1
1
1
1
186
48
10
-----------344
527
2,809
2,000
566
534
705
740
448
130
570
-----·-·····
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
132
37
10
15
9
1,714
12
13
14
15
16
24, 757·
1,598
2,281
6,763
624
1,985
17
18
19
5 ..... ....... .... . .......
5
913
63
762
88
585
360
182
43
578 -----------· ................
578
2,632 ------------ -------·-·-2,632
626
273 -----------353
1,208
110
10
1,088
133
63
70 •••••••• 440°
761
241
80
15
15 -------·---- ................
110 -- --- -------110 ..... ....... .....
360 ------------ ........... ............
360
2,007 ------------ -----------2,007
741
629 -----------112
22,041
3,284
13,31i
5,~~
932
87
611
64
148
399
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
26
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
585
73
23
2,539
12,764
606
1,m
34
96 ............
66 ·----·-----834
130
2,551 ---- -------145 .............
90
370
15 ----·------73 -----------11
-----------------------
- . ---- -. --...
--·······--8
2,530
10,918
-- -- --- -- ---
1903.
902
83
216
1
26
7
1
2
3
3
134
63
754
12
131
43
------------ ----------- 22
2
3
1
............
---- ------------ -- ----- ------------
2 -----------1
1
22
1
7
1
3
1
1 --------·-·1 ----------·1
1 ------------ --------- --5 --------- --- -----------11
9 -----------·
592
1,268
353
12
1
4
46
13
10
23
•
36
1
1
2
13
7
356
137
32
59
260
23
548
83
176
11
166
60
4
4
2
76
69
1
54
1
219
7
1
1 ------------
74
8
42
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
-----------3
---------------- ------1
5
2
323
7.
23
28
34 060
4:547
4,713
155
56
65
1
1,976
134
49
303
110
796
14,931
6,199
1
1
4
10
1
238
1
8
1::0
10
14
9
15
2
3 -----------28 -- ------- --59 --- --------3 ------------
30
45
21
14
408
60
159
8
138
1
1
2,140
5,905
14,581
1,650
2,541
3,231
1,081
3,831
718
824
719
2
2
218
41
189
417
32
5,288
64
12,959
------------
-----------·
13
7
136
80
------------
68
2
---- -------- ---------------- ---- --- -----------·
2 · ·· ·····-·- -
-----------54
-----------------------
--- ----·····
22
------------
--- --------1
1. ------- -- --- -----------53 -- --- -- --- - 1
1 ------------ ----·····--·
170
40
9
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2,540
2,325
447
1,153
-----------49
796
27
134 ..................
---- --- ----· --······--- 303
----------- - ....................
110 ----------·- .................... .
796 ................... ··-·--· · -- -6;274
4,364
584
4,293
578
136
85
928
665
12,526
182
552
15
477
148
1,046
369
45
57
3,796 -----------·
83 .............. .......
785 -----------692 ------------
1,919
4,312
1,873
1,083
1,916
1,816
979
35
635
39
27
-----·-·-·-·
146
5,037
72
--- -- ------126
151
32
5,198
64
10,692
41
-- --- ------63 -----------266
--- -· --- ----------------- -- ---·--- 90
-- ------------·- ------- -----------1,212
1,055
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
. 63
808
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Continued.
1904.
Marginal
~umber.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
Cause or object.
For increase cf wages .... ... .... .. ................... .
Against reduction oi wages ........ .................. .
For pay for holidays and lost time and extra rate for
overtime.
For extra rate for h oliday work ........... ... .... . . .. .
For extra pay for secondary work ................... .
Against deductions of all kinds from wages . . ... . .... .
For extra rate for certain classes of work ........... .
For free or lower-priced fuel. ......... .. ....... ... ... .
For secondary pay for lodging ........... ............ .
F or free t ools for miners ...... . . .. . ....... ..... .. .... .
For free working materials ........................... .
F or higher rate on account of poor material. ........ .
n i~~ ~;; i~:;!ffctea.·;;or=1c:::::::::::: :: :::: :::::::::::
1,5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
'.l3
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4.5
46
47
48
, 49
50
,51
For extra r ate for night work .. ............ _.. ...... . -1
For free working clothes .... . .. ........ .. ............ .
For free powder ... .. ...... .... .. .... . _.......... . .... .
Against increase of hours_ ............ ....... ..... .. _.
For reduction of hours ... _.. .. .. . _.. .. ... _........... _
For abolition or limitation of overtime .. _._ . .... . .. . .
For abolition ·or limita tion of Sunday and h olida y
work.
F or reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ... __ .
For intermissions during hours of labor ........... _..
For reduction of hours before holidays_ ............. .
For additional days of r est ........ _.... . . ... ........ .
For abolition of night work .... . . . _. . ... ... ....... ... .
For week-day rest when working Sundays or holidays.
Against enforced periods of idleness ...... _....... _._ ..
For fewer holidays ........ ... .. _..................... .
For or against change of rules ........ . . _. . . ......... .
For better arrangements concerning workshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen , etc . _. _... .... .. ... . .... . _..
For reinstatement of discharged employees ... _._._ .. .
Against discharge of striking employees .... _. .... . . _.
For discharge of objectionable persons ... . .... . .... . . .
Against being compelled to work on holidays ....... .
For recognition or creation of employees' committees.
For abolition of piece or contract work ... _.......... .
Disagreement regarding sick and accident insurance ..
For regulation of apprenticeship system ....... _..... .
For arbitration of labor disputes ........ _.. . ........ .
Against d ischarge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmanner).
For pay while on strike ..... .. . ... ....... .. ..... .. ... .
For employment of union men only .............. _... _
For abolition or limitation of home work ...... ...... .
For establishment of court of arbitration ....... . .... .
Against employment of objectionable persons ...... . .
Against being compelled to board with employer . _..
For payment of wages in advance ..... .. .... ........ .
For better sanitary conditions ............. ...... .... .
Other causes ... . . . .............................. . .... .
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
255
21
57
72
10
23
104
5
70
9
26
12
3
5
20
3
3
5
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
3
7
14
6
1
3
7
2
2
1
4
2
3
1 .......... ..........
1
3
1
2
2
1
1 ......... .
4
4 • •• •• ••••••• •• • • ••••
i ::::::::i:::::::::J .....J
115
5
17
61
1
7
17
12
4
11
5
1
4
5
3
3
37
4
7
3
3
3
1 .. . _......... _......
1
1
1 .... . ... .. ......... .
6
5
1 ......... .
1 .......... ..........
1
1
1
121
23
20
(;3
72
17
31
48
22
8
10
6
9
,50
14
3
21
<!3
6
16
23
9
1
4
2
3
20
2
1
5
5
1
5
8
2
5
2
2
1
2
2 . ... ...... . .. · ··-· ..
51
7
16
37
24
10
10
17
11
2
4
2
,5
2
3
1 . .... .. ...
2
2 .... .. .... ......... .
1 .. _. ... _........ . _..
12
4
4
10
4
34
13
4
2
1
4
1
3
1
5
4
17
190 5 .
226
For increase of wages ............ _..... . ...... . ....... .
456
113
117
22
Against reduction of wages .... ...... . ..... _.... . .. .. .
9
5
8
For pay for holidays and lost time and · extra rate for
43
35
113
35
overtime.
12
11
55 For extra rate for Sunday and holiday work. .. . . . . .. .
36
13
56 For extra pay for secondary work .... _............. . .
8
5
3
57 For extra r ate for night work ... ... . ....... .. .. ...... .
19
10
5
4
2 ------ ---58 For pay for enforced idleness ... .. . .... .... , ._ . . . _.... .
2
53 For adoption of premium system ..... •.. _............ .
1
1 ---------- ---- --- --1
1 ---------- --- ---- --60 For abolition of premium system . .... ... .. ... . ... . .. .
12
14
34
61 For extra rate for certain clasees of work ............ .
8
2
13
3
8
62 Against deductions of all kinds from wages ..... . .... .
1
2
3
63 For free working materials .... . . . ............ ..... ... .
1
1
64 For higher rate on account of poor material ........ . .
1
1
65 For pay for rejected work .......... . ... ........... ... .
a This total does not agree with the sum of the items; the figures are given, however, as ehOWJ.l in
the original report.
52
53
54
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
809
AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Cont inued.
CAUSES A D RESULTS OF STRIKES I
190 4 .
Establishments in which strikeTotal cstablishments. Succeeded. Succeeded
Failed .
partly.
a 2,163
')
45
1,476
1,165
34
1,060
1,095
3
980
1
5
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
40,066
3,128
17,379
11,512
2,489
7,492
6,334
15
17,263
214
3,203
Failed.
11,291
425
6,684
M.arginal
num-_
ber.
1
2
3
154
30
12 ............
73 --------- ·-·
2
6
23 -----------1 -- --- ---- --12 -----------2
1
35 -·-········- ..............
35
6
6 ----- --- ---- --- --- -- ---1
1 ------------ ··-·········
1 ------------ -----------1
1,144
588
189
1,921
131
7 -- ---------138
906
159
1,113
48
10,149
279
1,171
2,607
2,053
929
156
1,233
59
2,053
263
393
386
257
36
24,034
5,004
11,822
3,809
6
246
18
156
1,015
1,305
837
1,516
537
622
307
36
59
1,233 ··········-59
-----------1,516
537
204 ..............
------------ ...............
386
-----------257
------------
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
31
13
62
18
1 ............
3
4
32
48
66
146
1
1 •••••••••••• ............
7 ............ .............
7
1,050
1,065
15 ............
1
1 ............ ............
25 ••••• •••••••
25 ••• •••••••••
261
1,064
585
1,910
231
155
449
63
251
639
1,878
2,768
17 ••••••••••••
158
175
222
1,158
1,778
3,158
4
4 •••••••••••• .............
195 ............ -·--········
195
44 ·--·-···-···
4,991
5,035
3
3 ···-········ ••••••••••••
135 ••••••••••••
135 ............
21,096
6,646
9,568
37,310
1,823
1,321
6,197
9,341
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
-
5 .... - . - . - . .
20
65
\
233
6
280
757
136
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
1,295
23
1,21
1,374
407
114
316
299
9
114
1
1
1
2
3
22
102
9
3
13
60
3
1
23 .............
1
-----------I)
3
1 ------- ---- -
3
23
1,167
12
936
995
160
1
103
58
3
1
5
74
1
105
184
71
111
67
67
1
'
16
37
54
10
177
195
176
2
146
174
5
7
8 ••••••••••••
29 ............ •• •• • ••• ••••
29
22
23
1 ··········-10
10 ............ ··········-7 •••••••••••• ••••••••••••
7
914
1,039
117
8
4 ••••••••••••
1
3
97
186
8
3
958
207
1,169
4
1,223
6,247
13,847
810
13,441
17,733
10,396
2,915
1,086
5,012
2,123
-----------465
------------
-·········-·
61
••••••••••••
---·········
·········--59
393
-----·-·····
............
36
8,873
195
4,927
139
1,421
10,967
200
6,234
8,543
2,236
3
372
1,414
286
----------------------3,620
11,541
4,809
-----------·
1,019
5,876
59
1,159
1,128
15
1,234
2,408
3,026
2,864
385
428
54
1,025
3,667
1,752
595
5,973
6,782
5,134
48
329
3,170
1,783
70
236
306 ••••••••••••
354
354 •••••••••••• ·········-··
1,112
1,129
17 ••••••••••••
124 •••••••••••• ·······----124
236
236 ............ •• ••••••••••
32
466
4,557
5,055
473
328
801 ••••••••••••
4,358
1,516
120
5,994
8,121
454
7,222
15,797
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
. 50
51
1905 .
2,337
7
433
212
10
94
82,357
2,111
24,029
184
526
270
37 ........ ...
40
2
184
88
2 ............
2
1 ..... .......
1
1 ............
1
408
465
933
22
35
2
223 ... .. .. .....
81
28 ······ ·-·· ··
28
7 ••••••••••• •
7
72
3
16
11,249
1,505
5,852
56
40
89
6,441
3,844
2,503
351
314
3,115
26
1,655
566
9
1,128
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
••••••••••••
••••••••••••
•••••••••·••
60
11
142
- - .... -- ....
.............
15,980
321
11,214
52,777
613
7,560
13,600
1,177
5,255
4,086
3,4 7
3',676
1,469 ••••••••••••
36
1,707
3,819
326
............
56 ••••••••••••
40 ............ ••• •••• •••••
89 •••••••••••• • • •••• ••••••
3,375
974
2,092
798
2,278
768
614
. ... ........
1,889
351 . ...........
. ...........
314 . ...........
. . .. ..... ....
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
(5
810
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIO- ER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 18()4 TO 1905-Concluded.
19O5-Concluded.
Strikes which-
Marginal
number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Cause or object.
For free working clothes ...... ....... ....... .. .. ......
For free tools for miners .. ............... ~ ............
For free or lower-priced fuel.. .........................
For free or lower-priced lighting ........ .. ............
For free bakery products ..............................
For car fare and pay for time spent in going to place
of work.
For secondary pay for lodging ..................... .. .
For free lodging ..... ........ ............. . ..... ..... ..
Against increase of hours ...... . ... . ... .. . .. ... .......
Against change of hours on Saturday, Monday, or on
holidays.
Against enforced idleness.. .. ........... ... .. ..........
For retention of hours of rest .........................
For reduction of hours ... ... ........ .. ..... . ... .......
For reduction of hours on Saturday or Monday ......
For reduction of hours before holidays ........ ... . . ...
For reduction of hours for women ....................
For abolition or limitation of overtime ...............
For abolition or limitation of Sunday and holiday
work.
For week-day rest when working Sundays or holidays.
For additional days of rest ...........................
For abolition of night work ...........................
For intermissions durinf hours of labor ............. .
For or against change o rules................. .. .. ....
For better arrangements concerning wcwkshops and
dwellings.
For discharge of foremen, etc .........................
For reinstatement of discharged employees ...........
Against discharfe of striking employees . .. .. ....... ..
For discharge o objectionable persons . ..... ... .... ...
Against being compelled to work on holidays .........
For recognition or creation of employees' com.."Uittees.
For abolition of piece or contract. work ...... .........
Disagreement re arding sick and accident insurance ..
For regulation o a~prenticeship system ..............
For arbitration of abor disputes ...... ... ... .........
Against discha.rge of employees' delegates (Vertrauensmiinner).
For pay while on strike ........ •. ............... .... ...
For employment of union men only ...................
Against abolition of piece or contract work . ...... .. ..
For establishment of court of a rbitration ... .. ........
Against employment of objectionable persons ........
Against being compelled to board with employer .....
For payment of wages in advance ... . .................
For better sanitary conditions ........ ................
For piece or contract work ......... .. ......... . .......
For abolition of female labor ..........................
For abolition or limitation of home work ....... . .....
Other causes .................... .. ...... .. ... ... ......
7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Total
strikes.
1
8
7
6
4
3
1
2
8
3
Sueceeded
partly.
Sueceeded.
1
2
1
1
2
2
6
1
4
1
1
------------------1
5
2
Failed.
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
196
62
29
1
7
33
1
1 ------ ---2 ---------- ··-·······
91
64
41
31
14
17
21
4
4
1 ······ · ·-- ---------5
2
20
6
7
6
1
1
21
156
27
2
2
1 --- ---- --1 -· -··· ····
7
7
74
36
23
38
118
132
10
33
94
9
56
68
14
3
9
7
8
2
13
26
10
28
28
22
42
22
6
2
12
6
1
2
3
2
1
9
6
2 ········-·
2
10
1
1
26
21
1
1
1
2 ---------76
51
4
40
80
119
41
9
13
20
18
3
2
9
5
2
1
2
------------------7
46
4
72
10
---- -- ---2
1
1
1
1
3
2
6
4
•••••••• ••
1
2
---------5
20
~
>
81 l
CHAP. IV~-STRIK ES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIE S.
CA SES A
D RESULTS OF STRI~ES IN AUSTRIA, BY YEARS, 1894 TO l9ll5-Conclud ed.
19O5-Concl uded.
Establishmen ts in wbicb strikeTotal establishFailed.
ments.
Succeeded . Succeeded
partly.
44
144
7
83
55
36
1
3
41
32
136
1
44
12
1
------------ -----------2 ------------
4
2,474
471
651
1
115
1,026
36
3
31 ······-----4
1
4 -----------745
1,341
204
221
565
40
1 -----------111 -----------37
964
139
1
10
58
1,715
253
23
1
10
37
760
249
50
10
46
664
23
847
556
126
5
136
1,353
69
1,232
1,221
648
61
186
462
28
.
44 -----------8 ······----··
5
1
32
7
10
33
35 ------------
------------
55
147
70
8
6
120
1
119
3
1
195
2
36.8
1
420
1
1
82
923
2
-- ---------206
i
1
2
1
--- ---- --------- ---- --388
46
46
-----------4
25
------------
189
172
1, 419
306
----- ------- -- ---------18 -- --- ---- ---
4
------------------------ --- -- -----
·······----98
1 ·····-··-···
251
91
1 -----------1
------------
1
1
2
167
2
64
-----------78
----- ----- -·········s2·
---- ------------ ------- 773
•
82
68
7
8
9
10
3,863
8,933
4,404
2,956
2,970
13,612
10,745
1,605
584
4,39
2,049
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3-5
229
4
36
37
38
39
5,189
12,504
27,833
4,198
17,914
30,904
12,011
2,297
1,608
6,07
3,385
··-- -- --- ---
6
1,163
2,276
18,285
847
13,041
13,710
750
692
060
461
1,336
27
75
544
32
143
449
422
6
21
344
20
48
------------
5
19
20
21
22
23
24
7
366
4
----------··
18
24
189
154
206
59
1
2
3
4
72
501
18
162 --- --- -- ---- ------. ...... _
1,100 ••••••• "333· -------·---·
496
1,012
16,926
12,254
11,378
4,669 -------- --- 897
14
13
15
145
14
242
216
100
1, 1 9
247
202 ---- -------466 ··· ·· ·- --- -62
1,274
314
64
121
14
827 ------------
320
161
12,723
5,046
5,110
89
2,263
6,886
591
162
1,100
1,841
40,558
5,566
··-- --------
879
23
979
47
20
F a iled.
Marginal
number.
333
161
42,950
8,707
7,100
89
2,453
9,363
11
589
Succeed ed. Succeeded
partly.
202
1,345
1,359
1,357
182
847
105
------------ ----------------------- ------------
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
13 -- -- ------ ----- -- --- --- ········---19,440
2,746
1,795
10,787
915
195
------------ -----------190
-- --------- 712
163
1,295
5,144
395
1,903
3,582
516
-----·-·---64
1,219
------------
97
428
102
351 -----------355
13 -- -- -------63
2,627 -- ------ ---3,173
250 ------------ --········-704
475
1,352
180 ··---------180
5,130
450
10,177
11
11 ··- --------11 -·-·······- ·
11
1,899 ····-·· --·-· --------- --12,673
17,941
827
1,765
50
546
250
173
••• -•-4; 597.
----- --- ------ --------1,899
4,441
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
812
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
BELGIUM.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in Belgium were compiled
from a report covering the y.ears 1896 to 1900 and from annual
summaries which appeared in the monthly bulletjns of the Belgian
labor bureau. As the data in the annual summaries are not as complete as those in the report for the years 1896 to 1900, jt was not
possible to present in each table a complete series of figures for the
whole period from 1896 to 1904.
The following table shows the number of strikes and lockouts,
establishments involved~ and persons affected each year from 1896
to 1904:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY YEARS, 1896 TO 1904.
em- Total emStrike rs Other
Estabployees
Strikes
ployees
emand
lishments and
thrown
thrown
ployees
lockouts. involved. locked
out
of
out of
out. work.
work.
Year.
1896_ - - - ... . . - - ............................... · · ..
1897 ............ ·.............................. · · ..
1898_. - _...................................... · .. .
1899 _. _. -- ..................................... - ..
1900 .............. ·-····· .. · · .. · · · ... · ........... ·
1901 ...... .......... .. .. .. ...... . ....... .. .... ... .
1902 ....................................... ····· . .
1903_. __ ····-··· ···· ............. ··-·. ·-······ ... .
1904 ____ ... ·-·· .......... ·- ·· ........ ... ......... .
139
130
91
104
146
118
74
76
83
a345
250
248
375
317
143
132
78
d 131
Total-·-······-··························· ·
961
e 2,019
b 7,360
b 6,449
23,204
35,908
13,101 ·
57,931
32,443
35,817
10,989
8,591
12,693
230,727
2,940
10,790
c5, 644
3,176
3,324
2,079
2,875
f
44,637
b 30,564
b 42,407
C
16,041
68,721
38,087
38,993
14,313
10,670
15,568
(275,364
a Not including number of establishments for 3 strikes, not reported.
ot including number
ot including number
ot including number
e Not including number
f Not including number
b
c
d ~
of other employees thrown out of work in 5 strikes, not report ed .
of other employees thrown out of work in 3 strikes, not reported.
of establishments for 1 strike, not reported.
of establishments for 4 strikes, not reported.
of other employees thrown out of work in 13 strikes, not reported.
During the nine-year period from 1896 to 1904 there were 961
strikes and lockouts reported, affecting 230,727 strikers and employees locked out. Of these strikes and lockouts 957 affected 2,019 establishments, and in the case of 948 it was reported that 44,63Z other
employees were thrown out of employment on account of the strikes
and lockouts.
The next table shows the percentage of success, failure, or partjal
success of strikes and lockouts which occurred each year from 189S
to 1904:
RESUI.TS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BE~GIUM, BY YEARS, 1896 TO 1904.
Year.
Percentage of strikers and emPercentage of strikes and lockStrikers ployees locked out in disputes
Strikes outs the results of which were- and
the results of which wereemand
ployees
lock- In favor 1In favor 1 ComInlocked
In
favor1In favor ComInouts.
of em- ofempro- deftout.
of em- ofempro- defiployees. ployers. mised. nite.
ployees. ploye rs. rnised. nite.
- - - - - ---
1896 ..............
1897 ..............
1898 ..............
1899 ..............
1900 .. ·-· .........
1901 ... - . - .. ......
1902 ..............
1903 ...... ... .....
1904 ..... . .. · ···· ·
139
130
91
104
146
118
b 74
76
83
a Less than 1 per cent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
15
14
32
14
62
66
75
56
61
11
72
12
11
19
b
76
60
68
15
3
14
5
11 ... ...
11
1
20
5
2
15
2
10
11
18
12
1
--- --- --- - - -23,204
35,958
13,101
57,931
32,443
35,817
C 10,989
8,591
12,693
7
6
18
9
17
3
16
40
18
86
79
74
89
63
90
68
48
52
6
1
12
3
·8 ··-···
2 (a)
15
5
5
2
11
5
4
8
30 (a)
Percentage based upon 72 strikes. c Percentage based upon 7,399 strikers.
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKO~TS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
813
During ach year of the nine-year period over one-half of the strikes
and lockouts resulted in favor of the employers, the percentage of
strikes in their favor ranging from 56 to 76. Measured by the number of strikers and other ~mployees involved, the success of the
employers was even greater, the percentage of such persons affected
jn strikes and lockouts which resulted jn favor of employers ran~ng
from 48 to 90.
In presenting the strikes and lockouts by industries the origjnal
reports show the results only for the period from 1896 to 1900. For
this reason two tables are here given, the one showing sjmply the
number of strjkes and strikers in each industry each year from 1896
to 1904, and the other showing the results by industries for the
period 1896 to 1900:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1896 TO 1904.
Strikes and lockouts. .
Industry.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
18_96_. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. , 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Total.
1
Mining........ ... .. .. ... ... ...........
35
51
15
14
28
37
15
3
21
219
Quarrying.. ..... ... .. .. ... ... ........
3
3
8
4
8
7
6
7
1
47
Metallurgical, metal working, and
machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
11
20
12
22
11
8
10
10
115
Ceramic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
2
4
2
1
1
2
17
Glass................... ... ... ........
1 ...... ......
1
5
6
4
2
19
1
7
~~~tc!~Ectr1ii!~ •. •. •. •. ·.:: : : : : : : : : : : : :
~
1
~
~
i .. ..... . .. ~.
Textiles .. .'.......................... .
42
23
16
29
32
26
26
22
31
247
Clothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
4
2
10
Building trades.... .... ......... ......
8
6
4
4
5 1
9
3
1 ......
40
Wood working, etc...................
7
7
4
2
7
3
2
2
34
t
ir~~thide> ::
:
1~
~
! : :;
t;!cl~t~~~ ~~~. ~~i·e·~~i.~~ !~.s~~.~~~~~:
Transportat10n... .. .... .. ........... .
3
2
~
Total.... .. . ....................
139
130
4
2
I
91
i .... ~.
2
1
I
3
104 1 146 a 117
!f
i
~
~
~~
74
a 78
83
962
3
24
Strikers and employees locked out.
Industry.
1896. 1897. 1898.
Mining................. ... .. . .........
Quarrying..... ... . ......... ...... ....
Metallurgical, metal working, and
machinery ....... . ... . . ..... ........
Ceramic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical products........... . ...... .
Foods and drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textiles ..............................
Clothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building trades.. .... . . ... ... . ...... ..
Wood working, etc ...................
Leather and hides .. .•... ... ... . . .. .. ..
Tobacco ................. ... ..... .... .
Paper. ..... ... .. ..... . ... ....... . ... ..
Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Art trades and scientific instruments.
Special.. .... .. .... ... ........ .... .. ...
'l'ransportation. .. .... .. .. ...... ..... .
~
9
,::::;: ... .: ..... ; ..... :.
189(). 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904.
10,45427,571 5,97045,657 6,851 7,712 5,800
340
405
459 2,307 1,052
710 1,072
2,340
399
56
70
4
6,218
......
555
1,763
456
73
......
97
11
304
64
Total.
637 5,614 116,326
943
38
7,326
1,989 1, 315 1.,111 4,402
573 1,118
555
791
935
935
893 . . . . . .
13 . . . . . . 3,000
282
...... ......
145
772 8, 671 . . . . . .
G62
330
600
672 1, 554 1,121
563 . . . . . .
67 .... . .
......
204
276
144
100 . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
1,901 1,137 2,56113,763 1, 177 1,579 1,376 2,086
...... ..... . ...... . ..... ......
306
523
165
125 1,454
429
640
489
103
19 ..... .
637
110
332
438
91
162......
78
127
4
280
316
245
70
147
188
405
37
145
43 . .....
550
358
12
30 .... . ..... . ............ . .......... . .. .. .. .
16
588
550 1,376
76
88
27
20
858......
201 1, 156
330
49
254 3,000
255
86
947
201 . . . . . .
32
52
39
44
130
543
168 15, 067 . . . . . .
68 ..... .
14, 194
6,457
10,636
4,707
778
31,800
994
3,814
3,611
1, 833
1,623
30
2,838
5,859
1,916
16,084
Total. .. ..... .. ......... .. ...... 23,204 35, 95813, 101 57, 93132, 443 35,817 10,989 a8, 690 12,693 a230, 826
,
a This total does not agree with the ·total given in other tables, but it is the sum of the deta ils as
given in the original.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
814
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS, IN BELGIUM, BY INDUSTRIES, 1 96 TO 1900.
Strikers and employees
locked out in strikes and
lockouts the results of
Total
Total
which werestrikers
strikes
and emand
ployees
In fa- In fatock- In Ia- In falocked vor of vor of Com- Inouts. vor of vor of Com- Inout.
pro- delipro- defiememememploy- ploy- mised. nite.
ploy- ploy- mised. nite.
ers.
ers.
ees.
ees.
Strikes and lockouts the
results of which were-
Industry.
•
- - - - -- --- --- - -- - --
Mining ............ . ......
Quarrying ............ ....
Metallurgical, m e t a l
working, andmachinery.
Ceramic ..................
Glass .....................
~~~a!c:~ra~~~---::::::
Textiles ..................
Building trades ...........
Wood working, etc . ......
Leather and hides .. .... . .
Tobacco ..................
e
~:l:t~~g::::::::::::::::::
Art trades and scientific
instruments ............
S~ial. ........ ... ... . ... .
'I ransportation .... .......
Total. ....... . ......
18
7
4
1
5
1
116
17
11
6
7
6
2 -- -- -2 -----3 -----1 .......
28
3
1
6
4
1
2
1
.l
1
8
52
5
5
19
7
89
12
8
19
10
1
4
9
22
18
3
7
10
5
11
6
1
4 . . . .. .
2 ••••·.
610
115
386
143
26
76
13
7
31
10
142
27
27
27
16
1
15
------9
2
22
8
• 14
5
4
2
1
96,503
4,563
881
330
!ll, 149
3,127
2,287
11,157
5,361
3,162
1,270
957
973 -------772
4,077
2,315
1, 533
628
131
409
25,580
3,t>so 18,893
3,203
2,165
830
1,118
3,280
1,920
1,183
293
816
703
291
369
30 --- --- -30
2,627
2,012
566
2,226
1,793
949
201
734
6871
3,399
1,071
1,074
35
1,gg~. 1, 701
--- --201 -----229 --- --88 . .....
275
-3,332
168
40
177
65
7
67
18
25
-------- ------
1,175
777
145
39
10
850
282 . .....
117 •• - - • -
----------------
19
90
162,637
16, 460 130, 164
12, 781
3, 2.32
The largest number of strikes and lockouts during the nine-year
period, 247 or 25.7 per cent, was in the textile jndustry. The mining
industry was next in importance, having 219 or 22.8 per cent of all
the strikes and lockouts reported. 0£ tho total number of strikers
and employees locked out during the nine-year period 116,326, or
50.4 per cent, were in the mining industry.
The following table shows the strikes and lockouts for the period
1896 to 1900, and for each of the years 1901 to 1904, grouped according to their duration:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY DURATIO
Strikes and lockouts.
Total
strikes
Days of duration.
and - -- - lock- 1896
to 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904.
outs.
1900.
AND YEARS, 1896 TO 1904.
Strikers and employees locked
Total
out.
strikers
andemployees 1800 to
1901. 1902. 1903. 1904.
locked 1900,
out.
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - Under 2 ...........
2 to 5 ..............
6 to 10 .............
11 to 15 ............
16 to 20 ............
21 to 30 .......... ..
Over 30 ............
Not reported ......
160
330
170
65
32
52
71
81
107
218
107
45
18
34
44
37
28
39
21
3
5
6
. 10
6
9
27
11
7
4
4
2
10
12
21
11
3
3
1
7
18
4
25
20
7
2
7
8
10
Total. .......
961
610
118
74
76 1
83 230,727 162,637 35,817 10,989 8,591 12,693
11,517
42,235
29, 3-i2
8,608
9,780
23,329
97, 4oo
8, 4.51
7, 736 2,029
27,743 6,802
22,785 2,157
6,765
75
281
5,505
6,302 15,561
83,030 8,723
2,771 . 189
1,054
2,604
490
1,169
727
275
293
4,377
545
1,383
1,024
133
3,113
150
1,888
355
153
3,703
2,886
466
154
1,041
3,531
759
The strikes and lockouts during the period were mostly of short
duration, 490 of the 880 strikes and lockouts for which duration was
reported having lasted 5 days or less, and but 71 over 30 days. Of
the total number of strikers and employees locked out in disputes
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
815
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
for which duration was reported 124,811, or 56.2 per c nt, were in
strikes and lockouts which lasted 30 days or less.
The causes of strikes and lockouts are shown in the original reports
for each year of the nine-year period, but the results by causes are
given only for the first five years. For this reason two tables follow,
the first showing the strikes from 1896 to 1900 by years, causes, and
results, and the second showing the strikes by causes only for each
year from 1901 to 1904 :
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY YEARS,
1896 TO 1900.
Strikers and employees
locked out ln strikes and
lockouts the results of
Total
which wereTotal
strikers
strikes,- - -- - - - - - -, and
and
In
In
employ- In
In
favor favor Com- Inlock- favor favor Com- Inees
of
outs.
e~e~- J?rO- deft- l~cJt~d eme~- I?ro- defiploy- ploy- rmsed. nite.
ploy- ploy- nused. nite.
ees.
ers.
ers.
ees.
Strikes and lockouts the
results of which were-
Cause or object.
- - - - - - - - - - - ! - --
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - --
1896.
For increase of wages ...... .
Against reduction of wages ..
Other causes affecting wages.
For reduction of hours ..... .
Other causes affecting hours
of labor .................. .
F~~ ~~:Jitt~!; :
66
9
5
16
35
1
5
2
2
12
2
1
1
1 ............ .
3
2 ............ .
0
~o~i~~i.~~.
15
3
Total. ... .......... .. . .
139
7,147
1,581
464
189
841
47
12
25
2 ..... .
3 .... ... ..... .
4,338
2,676
21
23,204
5,260
1,470
242
189
887
64
40
15!)
170
235
76 ..... .
Against piecework ..... .... .
Against employment of fe10
10 ............ .
males ..................... .
For or against modification
1 ..... .
85 ..... .
1 ... .......... .
85
of shop rules ............. .
812
812
Against fines ......... . ..... .
2
2 ··•·••· . •. .••
Fordischarlfeof superintend2,306
13
10 .. .. ........ .
178 2,128 ............ .
ents or other employees ...
For reinstatement of discharged employees: . . . . . . .
17
2
14
1 .. ....
3, 171
57 3,009
105 ..... .
Trade unionism ... : ...... ........ . .......... . ............................. ....... ... .. . ........... .
Other causes................
3 .......
1
2 ... ...
165 . . . . . . .
50
115 .. . .. .
10
28
86
4
4.31
3,831
2,676
1, 591 19, 912
1,372
329
1897.
8,441
531 5, 038 1, 913
959
55
3
34
For increase of wages ...... .
10
8
780
315
315
150
7
1
1
Aga inst reduction of wages ..
5
196
127
24
1
45
7
1
5
Other causes affecting wages.
226
2
1,155
929
2
4
For reduction of hours ..... .
Other causes afft1cting hours
of labor .............. .. .. ................ ..... .......................... ..... ................... .
:F or or againl'lt modification
1,341
60
806
300
175
12
2
7
of conc!itioos of work .... .
228 ...... .
2 . ... .. .. .... .
2 ...... .
Against piecework ...... .. . .
228 ... • ••• ••• •• •
Against employment of females ........................ .. ................ . ............................................... . . .
For or against modification
506 19,679
7 .. .......... . 20, 1 5
of shop rules .......... .. . .
10
901
~oo
rn 451 ..... .
1
1 .. . .. .
Against .fines .............. .
3
For discharge of superintend25
95
389
509
6
e:uts or other employees ...
For reinstatement of dis. charged employees..... . . .
17
1
13
2
1
1, 466
8 1,254
129
75
Trade unionism ......... . ......... . . ... ....... .. .. . .. ... ............ . ............................. .
Other causes................
5 . . . . .. .
3
2 ......
756
262
494
Total... ...............
130
20
85
I
18 ,--7-
For increas: ::::ges.... .... --43- - -8 - ~ - -3-1
Against reduction of wages..
5
1
2
2 ::::::
35, 958
1, 960 28,374
5, 438 1, 192
561310
4, 098
186
4,390
1,234
148 ..... .
65 ..... .
~~~~~~~~!T~:~ri~~~~s~~~~~: .. .... ~. ::::::: ..... ~. :::::::1:::::: ...... ~~. ::::::: .... ~~. ::::::: ::::::
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
816
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY YEARS,
1896 TO 1900-Concluded.
Cause or object.
.
Striker,; and employees
locked out in strikes and
lockouts the results of
Total
which werestrikers
Total
strikes
and
employ- In
In
and
In
In
favor favor Com- Inlock- favor favor Com- Inees
of
outs .
of
of
locked
of
pro- deftpro- deftemout.
emememploy- ploy- mised. nite.
ploy- ploy- mised. nite.
ees
ers.
ees.
ers .
Strikes and lpckouts the
results of wliich were-
18 98-Concluded.
Other causes affecting hours
of labor ............... . .. .
42 ...... .
42 ............ .
1 ...... .
1 ............ .
For or against modification
of conditions of work......
4 .......
3
1 ......
219 . . . . . . .
125 • 94 . . ... .
Against piecework . . ... .............................................. . ..................... .. ..... .
Against employment of feI
males .............. ............... .. ................. . ................ .. . ............. ..... ...... .
For or against modification
of shop rules ........ ..... .
543 3,444
4
3 ............ .
3,987
Against fines . .............. .
1
70
70
1
Fordischargeof superintendents or other employees ...
473
57
416
10
8 ····•· .....••
For reinsta·t ement of discharged employees.... . ...
16
12
3 ......
1,711
277
766
668 ..... .
Trade unionism..... . ... ... .
1 ....... .......
1 ......
90
£0 ..... .
Other causes .... ............
3
3 ... ... . ......
419
::::::r ·4ig" ... ......... .
Total ...... .. . .. . ......
1899.
For increase of wages ...... .
Against reduction of wages ..
Other causes affecting wages.
For reduction of hours ..... .
Other causes affecting hours
of labor ........... .. . .... .
For or against modification
of conditions of work ..... .
Against pir.nework .. ....... .
Against employment of females ....... .... ... . .. .... .
For or against mod1fication
of shop rules .... ......... .
Against fines ........ .. ... .. .
Fordischargeof superintendents or other employees . . ..
For rein statement of discha rged employees. . . . . . . .
Trade unionism....... ......
Othercauses....... .. .... . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-91 - -13-
6 81- -10- 1= ~113,1011 2, 379 1 9,657
1,0C5 ..... .
--- --- --· --- ---·- ----- --- --- =
50
G
8
1
16
27
G
2
3
1
2
1 ...... ... ... .
1
5
50,549
565
1, 150
58
3, 218 46, 917
co
482
£0
60
12 .. .. ........ .
230
2,270
27 ..... .
88 ..... .
1 .. ........ . . .
GO
60 ....... . ···•- :
1 ..... - ....... ~ .. - . . .
1 .... ........ .
302
63
302 ..... .......... . ... . •
63 ....... . .... .
•
7 ... . ........ .
1,580
11
8
2
3
2
2 ___
104
2,527
88
1
1 .. .. ·- .
1 - ......... - .. -
354
432
58
12
10
73
588
G ....... ......
1 . .. . . . . .. . . ..
2 .:..:_:__:_:_:__.:. .:__:_:___:..:_
a 34
a 57
I
12_
1
634
946
812
127
685 .. .......... .
68 \
28
40 ... ........ .. .
97 ....... ~~.:.:_:__:__:_:_
I
57, 931
I 5,081
151,809
981
60
ltJOO.
For increase ·of wages .. .... .
84
18
43
21
:2
26,094 5,326 15,484 3, 774 1,510
Against reduction of wages ..
3
3 . ... . . - ..... .
120
120 . .... ....... .
Other causes affecting wages.
5
1 ..... .
243
45
171
27 ..... .
3
•1
For reduction of hours .. .... .
2, 376 . . . . . . . 2, 369
7
5
4
Other ca uses affecting hours
of labor ....... .............................. ................... . ... ............................. .
For or against modification
of conditiorni of work......
14 .... _..
11
2
1
809 . . . . . . .
653
14.2
14
Against piecework ........ .. .... ....... .. ...................... .... . ....... ...... .... ..... ... ..... .
Against employment of females . . .. .. .... ; .......... .
62
62 ...... . ..... .
For or against modification
of shop rules ............. .
90 ...... •
1
1 ..... .
160
70
2
Against fines .. . ...... ..... . .
111
2 ............ .
111
2
Fordischargoof superintendents or other employees ....
592
442
150
For reinstatement of discharged employees.. . . . . . .
13
10
588
<:'.O 363
150
35
Trade unionism .... •. . . . . . . . .
7
5
344
38
272
34
Other causes.... . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
3
2
1
944
295
lhO .
9
Total..................
1461
21
I
89 1
29 1
1 j 32, 443 1 5, 449 120, 412 1 4, 973_1 1,609
a This total does not agree with the figures given in other tables, but it is the sum of the details
as given in the 0riginal.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(
817
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN BELGIUM, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1004.
Strikes and lockouts.
Cause or object.
1901. 1902. 1903. 1904.
--
For-increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
Other causes affecting wages ......
Hours of labor and orga nization
of work ..........................
Fines and shop rules ..............
For discharge of superintendents
or other employees ..............
For reinstatement of employees ...
Against reduction of number of
employees .......................
Trade unionism ...................
Total.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
Total
- - - - - - - - - - --- - - - -
24
27
29
18
7
9
1 ----- - --- -- -
37
27
3
Strikers and employees locked out.
117 2,772
61 18,164
4
96
5,074
713
252
4,244
1,102
3,652
1,648
15, 742
21,627
348
------- -------
7
7
3
6
7
15
11
37
28
663
831
1,005
226
624
843
4,301
1,519
6,593
3,419
8
15
5
12
9
3
3
10
25
40
967
2,421
150
2,031
453
102
112
1,174
1,682
5,728
------
1
5
6
1
17
-----8,193
.......
109
1,416 1,114
------287
109
11,010
76183 330134, 101110, 867 8 ~112,693
66,258
9
-- ---3
3
Total. ... ...... ..... ......... 10916 2
CANADA.
T he data for strikes and lockouts in Canada were obtained from
the Labor Gazette, published by the Canadian department of labor.
Annual summaries of statistics relative to trade disputes have been
published each year since 1901, so that the tables herewith cover a
period of six years, from 1901 to 1906J inclusive. This summary,
which appears in the January issue of the Gazette each year, presents not only the statistics for the labor disputes of the preceding
year, but also the data for all years from 1901 to the date of publication. No separation is made of strikes and lockouts.
TJie following table shows the number of trade disputes for each
year for the period covered, the number of persons affected, and the
approximate l?ss in working time:
STRI_KES AND LOCKOUTS IN CANADA, BY YEARS, 1901 TO i906.
Strikes
and lockouts for
which
Strikes
number
and leek- of
workouts.
ingpeople
affected
was reported.
Year.
1901 ...........................
1902 ...........................
1903 ...........................
1904 . ... . ......... ..... ........
1905 ......... .. ................
1906 . ..... . .............. . .....
Total .............. __...
Working people affected .
Directly.
Indirectly.
Total.
104
123
160
103
87
138
93
113
158
99
87
137
23,581
11,295
36,555
10,722
12,191
21,606
4,442
495
8,461
4,622
4,138
4,408
28,023
11,790
45,016
15,344
16,329
26,014
715 1
687
115,950
26,566
142, 5161
Approximate working-days
lost.
a 684,282
bl63,125
7.52, 181
278,956
284,140
489,775
C
21 652 1 459
a Reported for 87 strikes and lockouts.
c
b Reported for 116 strikes and lockouts.
Reported for 691 strikes and lockouts.
During the six years covered by this report there were 715 strikes
and lockouts, 687 of which affected 115,950 persons directly and
309B-07-52
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
818
REPORT OF 'fHE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
26,566 others indirectly. The number of persons indirectly affected
constitutes 18.6 per cent of the total ..
In the next table the number of strikes and lockouts is given for
each year by results :
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN CANADA, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1906.
Strikes and lockouts.
Resnlt.
1901.
1902.
1903:.
1904.
1905,
'l'ota1.
1900.
_ _ __,___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I- - - -- - - - - - - ~ - - - - -
In favor of employers.......................
40
35
46
34
37 •
45
In favor of employees ......... . ........ ____ .
39
46
45
24
24
41
Settledbycomprnmise ......................
22
33
46
28
15
23
Employees pa:rtia!Iy successful. ........ __ . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 ........
6
No change (e-mployers not coneerned) .... __ _ ........ . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
3:
Indefinite (unsettled or terms unknown). ... . . . . . . . .
4
10
9
10
21
Not reported................................
•3
5
13
2 ........ ........
Total.. . ... ____ ........................
~i--123T
160
I
103
87
a139
237
219
167
12
4
54
23
1
a716
a Including 1 dispute which began prior to January, 1906, but was not definitely t erminated until 1906.
• On the basis of the table above, in which one strike is counted
twice, 237 out of 716 disputes, or 33.1 per cent,. were settled in favor
of the employers, while in a slightly smaller number,. 219i or 30 .. 6
per cent of the total, the employees we:re successful. A compromis9
was effected in 167 cases and the employees were reported as partially successful in 12 others.
The following table shows the number of strikes and lockouts ea.ch
year by industries:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN CANADA, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1901 TO 1906.
Strikes and lockouts.
Industry.
1901.
1002.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
Total.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -
Agriculture ................... . ........... ......... .. . ....... . .............. .
2
Building. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. .
14 28
44
29
19
Metal............. ............. .... . ... .. ....
23
31
17
16
13
Wood working . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ..
4
2
10
9
3
Textile.......................................
6
1
5
3
1
Clothing. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
10
9
11
12
11
Food anrl tobacco preparation..............
9
10
6
11
4
Leather ................... _.. .. . . . . .. .. . .. . ..
l
3
4
1
Printing and bookbinding. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. ..
2
3
3
5
7
Tran sportation..............................
4
4
18
2
4
Longshoremen... .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . ..
5
4
4
1
Mining.................. .... ............ ... . .
5
3
9
6
12
Fisbing.......... ........... .................
2
1
1
2 ...... ..
Unslrilled occupations................ .. .....
11
6
9
3
2
Miscellaneous ............. __ .. ....... ... .....
8.
10
20
10
9
2
29
21
7
4
9
8
3
6
14
1
13
1
12
10
1G3
121
35
20
62
48
12
26
46
15
48
7
43
67
This table shows that the building trades have been the most prolific of labor disputes for the period covered, the metal industries
coming next. These two groups furnished 284, or 39.7 per cent, of
the 715 disputes reported.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
819
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The next table shows the number of strikes and lockouts occurring
each year by number of working people involved:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN CANADA, BY NUMBER OF WORKING PEOPLE INVOLVED
AND YEARS, 1901 TO 1906.
Strikes and lockouts.
Number of working people involved.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_100_1. j~~~~
6 or under 25 ................................ .
25 or under 50 ...................... ........ . .
50 or under 100 .............................. .
100 or under 200 .......................... ... .
200 or under 300 ............................. .
300 or under 500 ............................. .
500 or under 1,000 .. ...... .. ................. .
1,000 or under 2,000 ......................... .
2,000 or over ................................ .
Unknown ... ........... ...... .......... ..... .
31
24
14
4
4
5
5
3
3
11
37
28
21
15
7
8
1
2
Total. ................................ .
104
35
23
15
10
2
9
2
3
4
36
34
19
23
18
9
10
5
5
1
123 1
160
103
21
17
. 17
15
4
4
5
4
2
2
87 1
'l'otal.
1906.
mo
rn
32
29
14
15
6
6
4
1
1
158
115
81
1381
715
rn
41
29
21
11
19
Of the disputes resulting in strikes and lockouts, the desire to procure an increase of wages led to 283 strikes, or 39.6 per cent, of the
total number. Strikes against the employment of particular persons ranked next in number.
The next table shows causes of strikes and lockouts each year, no
data being given from which the results of strikes by causes could be
shown:
CAUSES OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN CANADA, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1906.
Strikes and. lockouts.
Cause or object.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906. \ 'l'ota1.
- - - -- -- - - - - For increase of wages........................
48
Against reduction of wages..................
10
For reduction of hours......................
1
For increase of wages and reduction of hours.
5
Against employment of particular persons..
13
Against conditions of employment ................. .
:~~6;~~i~.~ .~f. ~.~~:::::::::::::::::::::I::::::::
Miscellaneous ............................... · 1
Not reported................................
16
11
54
7
7
14
8
5
5
9
12
2
60
7
8
18
13
5
5
10
29
5
36
7
3
8
16
4
4
3
21
1
w
8
3
4
9
8
1
1
23
55
3
jj
3
5
2
43
I
138
I
------- - --------
---1---1---t---+-
Total..................................
104
123
160
103
87
283
42
29
56
72
25
20
25
144
19
715
DENMARK.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in Denmark for the three
years 1897, 1898, and 1899 were compiled fro a report published
in 1901 by the Danish statistical bureau. Those for the years 1900
to 1904 were obtained from the yearbooks of the same bureau. The
information relates to all disputes resulting in a suspension of work.
The method of presentation in the yearbooks differs materially from
that used in the first-mentioned compilation, and the s_tatistics for
the years 1900 to 1904 ·are much less complete than those for the
preceding years. · Hence the statistics could not in every case be
given for the whole period from 1897 to 1904.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
820
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOJ:t.
The following table giv s a summary of the more important facts
published in relation to strikes and lockouts in Denmark from 1897
to 1904:
STRI KES AND LOCKOUTS IN DENMARK, BY YEARS, 1897 TO 1904.
ockStrikes. Lout
s.
Year.
Establishments, strikers, and
Aggregate workemployees locked out.
ing-days lost.
Total
Mixed strikes Strikes
Strikes
Emor inand
and
and
ploy- lockdeftDays
l ocklock- Establish- Strikoes
nite.
ers.
outs ments
outs
outs.
.
locked report- lost.
reportout .
ed.
ed.
- - - - --- - - - - --- - - --- --1897 .. ..... ....... .
1898 ...............
1899 . .......... .. . .
Total ...... .
77
136
81
11
5
23
6
14
111
147
98
68
121
86
846
1,415
5,051
3,591
5, 931
6,366
294
19
43
356
275
7,312
15,888
a.
------ ·
3,559
856
29,730
39
107
58
214,564
92. 433
2, 828, 447
34,1 45
204
3,135,444
---------
Establishments, strikers, and employees locked out.
Strikes
Employand lock- Strikes
outs. and lock- Estabees
lishStrikers. locked
outs re- ments
.
ported.
out.
Year.
--- --- --- ---
1900 .... ····· .......... . .... . ·
1901 . .... ... ... ..... . ..... : ...
1902 ..........................
1903 ... ......... . . ... ....... · ·
1904 ..........................
82
56
65
Total ..................
Aggregate workingdays lost.
Strikes
and lock- Days lost .
outs reported.
464
482
135
89
274
7,098
3,538
1, 492
809
1,766
447
570
2,293
188
698
44
32
87
67
48
55
41
71
58
235, 877
56,829
133, 150
15,831
63,445
350
282
1, 444 1
14,703
4, 196
229
505,132
60
55
40
During the eighb-year period there were 706 strikes and lockouts
reported. Of these, 557 reported a total of 8,756 establishments
involved, and 68,932 strikers and employees lockeq. out. There were
3,640,576 da·y s lost in the 433 strikes and lockouts which reported
days lost.
The results of strikes and lockouts can only be shown for the y ears
1897 to 1899, as follows :
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS I N DE MARK, BY YEARS, 1897 TO 1899.
R esults.
- - - · · -- - - , -- - - - ; - --
·
Indefinite or
unsettled.
Year.
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1897 ............................................... .
1898 .. .. . ....... ....... . . . .... ... .. .. . .............. .
1899 ...... . .............. .. . .... ....... .. . · ······ · . . .
Total ......................................... ~
111
147
98
17
28
18
.
37
62
29
19
39
26
38
18
25
,---63-,~ , - - - 8 4 -,- - - 8 -1
Of the total number of strikes, 63, or 17.7 per cent, resulted in
favor of the employers; 128, or 36.0 per cent, in favor of the working
people; 84, or 23.6 per cent, were compromised, and 81, or 22 .7 per
cent, were indefinite or unsettled.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
821
CHAP: rv.~sTRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The following table shows the number of strikes and lockouts,
establishments affected, strikers, and employees locked out, classified by occupations, during the eight-year period from 1897 to 1904:
SVMMARY OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN DENMARK, BY OCCUPATIONS, FOR THE
PERIOD 1897 TO 1904-.
Establishments, strikers, and employees locked out.
Occupations.
Strikes
and lock- Strikes
outs.
and
lockouts
reported.
Establishments.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - -1- - - - -1- - --
Agricultural laborers ...............................
Bakers and confectioners.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B arbers and hairdressers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blacksmiths and machinists........................
Bookbinders............... ... ......................
Brazier s ....... .... ... ........ .... .. ........ .. ... .. .
Brush makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butchers...........................................
Carpenters..........................................
Chimney sweepers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cigar and tobacco workers.........................
Coachmen..........................................
Coopers.............................................
Cork makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dyers............. .... ................. .. ... .. .. .. ..
Electrica l wor}rnrs ........... -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineers, marine... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excavators, concrete workers, and graders........
Factory workers....................................
Firemen............................................
Foundrymen and helpers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gilders.. .. ......... . .... . ... .. ....... ... ......... ...
Glassworkers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glaziers.... ................... ......................
Glove makers......................................
Hat makers...... ... ....... ....... ... . .............
Joiners and cabinetmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Masons and h elpers .......... . .......•...... •. . . ......
Metal polishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millers......... .. ............................ . ......
Molders...... ... ........ .. ............ . ..... . .......
Painters............ .. ....................... . ......
Paper makers.......... . ... ... ........ ..... .. ......
Pavers.:............................................
Piano makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Picture-frame makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Potters....... ... . . ..................... . ...........
Printers ................... . ........................
Rope makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saddle and harness makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sa ilmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sailors...... ....... .. .. ..................... . ...... .
Sawmill hands......................................
Seamstresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe, slipper, and sabot makers....................
Silversmiths. ... ....... .... ........ .. ...............
Stonecutters and polish rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sto ve makers.......................................
Stucco workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T ailors. ........ .... . .... . .. ............. ... . ..... ..
Tanner s ........ .. ... ....................... . .......
Telephone operators................................
Textile workers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tinsmi tbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation_.... .. ...... ...... .. ... ..... ..... . ..
Turners.. ...... .. ....... ... . .. . .. . ..................
Unskilled laborers............................ .... ..
Upholsterers........................................
Wagon makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiters...................................... . .. ....
Wood carvers.......................................
Woodworkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Several occupations in same dispute. ........... . ....
23
30
24
21
22
1
33
5
4
4
5
15
1
10
2
12
2
4
5
1
44
43
9
4
1
4
5
2
2
32
33
1
2
5
9
8
12
21
8
26
24
123
52
9
40
1
4
57
31
2
213
285
1
2
5
26
526
12
5
60
12
11
1
25
1
9
1
1
28
12
1
12
1
233
1
30
1
8
~02
27
1
18
213
1
25
274
3
6
• 1
24
1
4,500
1
36
5
4
4
7
17
1
19
7
1~
3
4
5
1
52
49
13
4
2
4
7
2
2
38
41
1
3
5
11
52
441
30
291
204
4
63
5
30
1
26
213
Strikers.
Employees
locked
out.
---- -
331
371
34
990
529
26
254
68
199
2
1,508
1, 880
93
165
191
192
4,326
1,674
47
640
7
90
83
184
1,519
1,296
3
12
132
257
1,341
87
-
--
29
730
3,084
593
9
19
10
831
174
648
22
179
23
9
1
47
2
153
2
2
1 ---------- ------ --- - ------- --- --- ----- -2
2
2
64 ---------1 --------- - ---------- ---------- ..........
2
2
2
2
15
8
6
57
9
2
3
2
3
5
107
6
197
20
14
44
1
1
45
8
1 --- ------- --- --- -- -- ---------- ---------1
28
1
10
1
1
40
12
1
20
17
22
1
11
1
12
47
1
1
1
3
1
1
17
58
1
3
1
4
1
1
1,272
30
813
8
4
29
2,662
105
164
653
546
165
82
4,530
24
10
18
30
35
398
29,611
30,591
38,341
157
180
273
6
1,451
'
- - - -[- - - - + - - -
Total.........................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
706
557
8, 7561
822
EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR . •
The next table shows the strikes and lockouts, during each year
of the period, grouped according to days of duration:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN DENMARK, BY DURATION AND YEARS, 1897 TO 1904.
1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. Total.
Days of duration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - -
-- ---- -- - -
22
34
12
30
15
30
6
31
14
28
3
11
21
17
14
13
15
20
3
22
25
30
44
58
65
8
16
28
195
111
147
98
82
56
65
60
87
706
7 or under..................................
8 to 91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over 91. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Unknown. . . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
21
39
7
Total.................................
4
191
263
57
The remaining tables of the present compilation can be given only
for the years 1897 to 1899 for the reason already explained. The
first of these shows the number of strikes and lockouts, their results,
and the aggregate days lost on account of strikes and lockouts during
the three-;year period, grouped according to their duration:
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS AND WORKING-DAYS LOST IN DENMARK, BY
DURATION, 1897 TO 1899.
Days of duration.
Strikes
Total
strikes
and
favor
lock- In
of emouts. ploy_
ees.
and lockouts the results of
which were-
Aggregate workingdays lost.
Strikes
In favo r Compro- Indefi·and
of em- mised. nitejorun- lockouts D ays lost . .
ployers.
settled. reported .
- - - - - - - - - - --
7 or under ........................
8 to 30............................
31 to 91. ..........................
92 to 182..........................
Over 182 ....... . .......... . ......
Unknown ................ ... . .. ..
101
Total ......................
356
95
43
20
7
90
1
3
21
12
5
2
3
20
21
32
18
9
3
1
128
63
84
54
45
19
6
5
6
1
3
-----·---66
81
76
67
30
14
3
14
13,933
68,957
123,947
2,883,630
36, 145
8,832
204
3,135,444
Of the total number of strikes and lockouts, 128 or 36.0 per cent
resulted in favor of employees; 63 or 17.7 per cent in favor of
employers; 84 or 23.6 per cent were compromised, and 81 or 22.7
per cent were indefinite or unsettled.
•
The next table shows the number of strikes and lockouts and
strikers and employees locked . out, according to the size of the disturbances as indicated by the number of strikers and employees
locked out.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS L
FOREIGN COU
TRIES.
823
STRIICERS AND EMPLOYEES LOCKED OUT IN STRIKES AND LOCKO UTS IN DEKMARK, BY SIZE OF STRIKE OR LOCKOUT, 1897 TO 1899.
.
Strikers and employees locked
Strikes and lockouts.
out.
Number of strikers and employees
locked out.
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - ,~- - - - 1898.
1899. Total.
1897.
1897.
1898.
1899. Total.
------------1--- ------ --- --- --- ------
1 to 5 ............ : ...................
6 to 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26to50 ...... .. ......................
51 to 100.............................
Over 100. ............. .... ...........
9
31
7
11
11
Not r~~tr1~·a:::::::::::::::::::·:::::: ~ ,
37
48
18
10
12
1
~
19
39
12
6
13
~
65
118
37
27
S6
2
114
721
36
409
277
620
764
5,744
669
4,809
54
525
470
462
36,514
204
1,655
1,367
1, 95
47, 067
~~ .. '.~~~ ... ~~~~~ .. ~'.~~~.1 .. ~~~~~8
Of the 283 disputes for which the number of employees involved
was reported, 183 or 64.7 per cent involved 25 employees or less each,
and but 36 involved over 100 employees each.
The following table shows the causes of strikes and lockouts for
each year from 1897 to 1899:
•
CAUSES OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN DENMARK, BY YEARS, 1897 TO 1 90.
Year.
Causes.
Total.
strikes
loc~~ts. Wages.
-
Hours Working Personal
of labor. rules, etc. disputes.
'l'rade
unionism.
Other
and unknown.
- - - - - - -- -1 - - - - - - - j·- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
1897 ........................... .
1898 ........................... .
1899 ........................... .
111
62
114
65
15
98
10
9
7
6
8
Total. .................. .
356
241
34
21
147
4
3
3
23
11
12
4G
FRANCE.
The statistics of strikes ii;i. France were obtained from the annual
reports of the French labor bureau published since 1892. They cover
all strikes reported during the years 1890 to 1905. As the method of
presentation has remained practically· unchanged during this entire
period, the figures can be readily compared from year to year. Until ·
recent years lockouts were not considered in these reports, and they
have therefore been excluded from this compilation.
The following table gives a summary, by years, of the more important facts published in relation to strikes in France during the years
1890 to 1905.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
824
REPORT OF THE · COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS,· 1890 TO 1905.
(The :figures shown in this table for the years 1890 to 1899 were mostly obtained from a summary publi shed in the report for th~ year 1899. The totals do not in some cases agree with the :figures ~n pages 838
and &39, which were obtained from the several annual reports.]
Strikes whichStrikes 1- - - - - - - - - - - ,
for
Total
Total which
estabstrikes. ~:~f!s
Suc- Succeed- Failed. ~~~!ts.
ceeded. ed partly.
reported .
Year.
Estab- Establishments in which
strikelishments
for
which
results
of
Sue- Succeedstrikes ceeded. ed partly. Failed.
were
reported.
- - - - - - - 1- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1890 ............ .
1891 .. .......... .
1892 ...... ...... .
1893 ............ .
1894 ............ .
1895 ....... . .... .
1896 ............ .
1897 .. .......... .
1898 .... ····•••·.
1899 ............ .
1900 ............ .
1901 ............ .
1902 ............ .
1903 .... ........ .
1904 ............ .
1905 ............ .
313
267
261
634
391
405
476
356
368
739
902
523
512
567
1,026
&30
307
264
254
634
391
405
476
356
368
739
902
523
512
567
1,026
&30
82
91
56
158
84
100
117
68
75
180
205
114
111
122
297
184
Tota l
strikers.
Year.
1890 ..... .. ................. .
1891. ................. · · .... ·
1892 ........................ .
1893 .. ·••• •••••• •• •••••·•••••
1894 ........................ .
1895 . . ...................... .
1896 ........................ .
1897 ...... ............ ..... . .
1898 ......... . .............. .
1899 .. ...................... .
1900 •••••••• •• ••••••••••• ••• •
1901. ............... ..... .. . .
1902 ........................ .
1903 ........................ .
1904 ............ . ........... .
1905 ........................ .
Total. . ...............
118, 941
161
106
118
270
178
188
237
166
170
277
337
214
217
223
335
285
a 813
402
c466
4,286
1, 731
1 298
2; 178
2,568
1,967
4 288
10;253
6,970
1,,820
3,246
17,250
5,302
b
800
399
461
114
117
120
(d)
1, 731
1,298
2, 178
2,568
1,967
4,288
10,253
6,970
1,820
3,246
17,250
5,302
(d)
459
277
308
237
328
688
76,5
5&3
251
556
5,105
934
170, 123
54,576
45, 801
49, &51
68,875
82,065
176, 772
222,714
111,414
212,704
123,151
271, 097
177,666
13,361
22,449
9,774
36,186
12,897
8,565
11,579
19,&38
10,594
21,131
24,216
9,364
23,533
12,526
53,555
22,872
28,013
54,237
23,820
44, &36
24, 7g4
20,672
17,057
28,767
32,546
124,767
140,358
44,386
160,820
89,736
168,034
125, 016
76, 075
32,109
14,179
89,101
16,895
16,564
21,215
20,270
38,925
30,874
58, 140
57,664
28,351
20,889
49,508
29,778
2,043,232
2,040,826
312,440
1,121,849
eoo, 537
i 108,944
g 48,538
including establishments not reported in 24 strikes.
including establishments not reported in 16 strikes.
reported.
including establishments not reported in 73 strikes.
/Not including :figures for 1893.
g Not including strikers not reported in 8 strikes.
h Days lost by strikers only·.
i Not including strikers not reported in 2 strikes.
j Not including strikers not reported in 18 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
454
177
201
(d)
559
485
565
767
350
1,178
1,876
4,737
606
612
1,220
769
Strikers
Strikers in strikes whichAggregate
for whom
days of work
results of 1- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - 1 lost by all
strikes
Succeeded
employees
partly.
F a iled. thrown out
were reSucceeded.
ported.
of work.
a Not including establishments not reported in 33 strikes.
b Not
c Not
d Not
e Not
232
105
140
(d)
713
536
1,305
1,564
1,289
2,422
7,612
1,650
963
2,078
10,925
3,599
117,449
108,795
47,773
170,123
54,576
45, 801
49, &51
68,875
82,065
176, 772
222,714
111,414
~12, 704
123,151
271,097
177,666
g
j
64
67
80
206
129
117
122
122
123
282
360
195
184
222
394
361
h
h
1, 340, 000
1,717, 200
h.917,690
3,174, &50
1,062,480
617,469
644,168
780,944
1,216,306
3,550,734
3,760,577
1,862,050
4,675,081
2,441,944
3,934,884
2,746,684
34,443,061
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
•
~
825
During the sixteen-year period from 1890 to 1905 there were 8,570
strikes. Of these 8,497 affected 64,838 establishments, 8,552 involved
2,043,232 strikers, and an aggregate of 34,443,061 working-days was
reported lost on account of strikes.
Of the 8,554 strikes for which the results were reported, 2,044, or
23.9 per cent, succeeded; 3,028,· or 35.4 per cent, succeeded partly,
and 3,482, or 40. 7 per cent, failed. Of the 60,531 establishments
involved for which the results of the strikes were reported, 10,842, or
17.9 per cent, were in strikes which succeeded; 35,133, or 5~.0 per
cent, in strikes which succeeded partly, and 14,556, or 24.1 per cent,
in strikes which failed. Of the 2,040,826 strikers for whom the results
of strikes were reported, 312,440, or 15.3 per cent, were in strikes which
succeeded; 1,127,849, or 55.3 per cent, in strikes which succeeded
partly, and 600,537, or 29.4 per cent, in strikes which failed .
.. The following table shows the total number of strikes and the number which succeeded, succeeded partly, and failed, the total number
of strikers, and the number of strikers reported in strikes which succeeded, succeeded partly,- and failed each year from 1890 to 1905, by
groups of industries.
t
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
826
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905.
Strikes whichIndustry and ye'.l.r.
Total
strikes.
Succeeded.
Succeeded.
partly.
F a iled.
Result
n ot reported.
- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries:
1890 .. ············ ......... --- ..... .. .. .. ....... .
1891 ................ __ . _... __ .... ... .... .. .. . _.. .
1892 ................. ....... ... . ...... ······ .... .
1893 ....... . . ....... ... . .......... . ... ···········
1894 .. ~ ...... __ ..... _. .... _...... _.............. .
1895 ....... .. ............. - ..... ············ · .. . .
1896 ....... ... .. ······ · ......................... .
1897 ......... .. .... . ......... ..... .............. .
1898 .................... .... ............. . ...... .
1899 . ......... ... .......................... ... .. .
1900 ..... . ......... . ............................ .
1901 .. .......................................... .
1902 ......... . .................. •. . .. ___ ......... .
1903 ...... · · ··· · ·· ........ ··-. _. _... ·············
1904 .. .......... . ........ ·•··· _······ .. ······· .. .
1905 ................... . - .... - ·· ··· ·· . .. ... . .. · · ·
Total ........ .. .............................. .
5
6
6
10
21
4
12
15
7
10
14
7
Tota l .. ... .. .............................. ... .
2
1 ---------3 ---------- ---------3
1
2
5
13
3
2
2
6
3
5
5
2
3
4
3
7
4
3
3
3
7
2
59
14
15
9
5
3
5
5
2
3
3
1
2
14
149
30
76
6
5
315
121
137
57
l====l=====l====1= = = =
Minis&; ... . ... ........ _. _..................... _.... .
1891 ........ ___ ........ _...... _.... _. _.... . .. _. _.
1892 .......... _.......... ...... ...... _.... __ ... __
1893 .. ... ..... -·- ... ··- ....... . ................. .
1894 ......... . _.... . . _... _.. _. __ . _. _............ .
l 8\J5 . ...... . ... -- . . ............... ······· ··· ··· ··
1896 ..... . ....... . . ............................. .
1897 .... . .................. . .................... .
1898 ... - -............ - . - .... - .... - -.. - : ...... -.. .
1899 ........ . .. .... . ........... . .. · ········· .... .
1900. -- ...... ... ... . ... . ··- ..................... .
1901 ........ _.. . _.... _...... _.... _. _. ... . _...... .
1902 ......... __. ___... _.. ______ .. _...... _... _... .
1903 ........... -- .................. •........ . .... .
1904 ..... . .. . .. .... . ___ _.. ___ .. _. __.. _. _.... _... .
1905, •••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , - -Total ....................... .. .............. . .
Quarrying:
1890 . ... ·- .................. - ··········· .... - ... .
1891. .••••.••..•• - . - • • . - . • · • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
1892 .......... _... _.......... _. _.............. _..
1893 .............. .. ............................ .
18!:14 ............... _............ _.. _.......... _..
18!:15 ................. . .... . . . . .... . . ......... .. . .
1896 . .................................. -........ .
1897 ............... ,. _...... _. _. _.... _. _........ .
1898 ............... . ...... . . ............... _.... .
1899 ................... ··············· ........ · ..
1900 ... ······· . . ...... .. ........................ .
1901. ........................................... .
1902 ..................... _...................... .
1903 ......... .. ................................ .
1904 ............................................ .
1905 ............................................ .
2
3
2
3
30
17
15
8
8
3
7
2
2
4
1
4
7
4
3
311
- 63
7
14
4
4
22
9
7
1
9
3
19
9
16
8
12
4
32
8
41
21
20
9
15
8
23
3
9
16
15
7
17
3
8
6
- - 1 - - - -l · - - - - > - - - - - I - - - 5
8
6
4
4
6
7
4
17
16
8
7
11
123
124
l====J,====·====~= = = =
9
5
5
5
1
4
2
2
4
3
1
2
4
9
6
3
2
4
9
9
13
5
13
5
13
4
4
1
7
1
2
9
22
5
12
1
2
11
3 ········2·
9
4
18
20
2
173
40
a Not including establishments not reported in 3 strikes.
64
b Not reported.
c Not including establishments not reported in 5 strikes.
d Not including establishments not reported in 11 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
,
4
1
2
6
4
6
2
4
3
8
5
6
1
3
5
9
69
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOU'!'S IN FOREIG
827
COUNTRIES.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905.
Tota l
establishments.
a2
c2
a7
71
G5
4
66
62
# 109
46
73
G9
7
W6
10,860
690
Establishments in which
strike-
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
16
3
1
8
12
2
14
4
299
3,289
83
dl2,639 I e3,731
C5
33"
Strikers in strikes which-
Tota l
SueSueResult stri~ers.
ceeded. ceeded Failed. not r epartly.
ported.
(b)
(b)
15
(b)
38
(b)
7
2
9
2
19
4
16
1
14
4
48
7
50
4
25
3
147 ·-···-··
23
3
16
4
21
3
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
36
2
17
55
46
28
66
41
205
7,399
510
e8,405 I
(b)
(b)
( b)
(b)
4
4
6
7
4
33
24
9
139
11
5
]2
(b)
(b)
13
2
46
6
55
6
5
14
3
2
172
97
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
1
3
9
8
6
8
22
13
8
9
7
6
. __ . ___ .
... ··-··
.... _. -···-··---· ·--·__ .. _.. _
.. . ... . .
··--····---· ·-...... _.
-·····-.. __ ....
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
..... __ .
..... __ .
···----·
. _.... __
. _.. __ ..
. _.... __
. _......
__ .. _. __
-·······
... - . . . .
. _. . ____
··-····-
(b)
(b)
(b}
(b)
17
22
2
2
7
30
15
5
11
19
13
34
~
j
(b)
g 38, 182
...... __
46,042
... _.. _.
8,583
·-···--·
47,480
'===54=6=1,==e=37=l-c=e=2=58='' c=e=l=oo= I
(b)
15
(b)
5
(b)
12
(b)
27
37
15
47
17
10
1
7
1
26
6
53
10
21
1
29
13
12 ... ·--. _
12
38
26
8
48
2
990
600
1,145
330
5,655
1,800
395
6,095
2, 413
530
61 -·· ...... .
958
5,571
14,580
21,082
390
1,056
1, 936
510
161
2,359
350
1,402
132
343
3,512
l, 915
18,841
52,333
3,649
527
.. . .....
..... ___
_.......
·-··-··-
e421 1-·-··-·-
5
8
7
4
13
13
5
11
1
7
5
12
2, 765
2, 509
8,378
6,655
4,365
31, 099
41,927
19,454
119,009
2,452
2,932
5,165
l u386,997
e 86
e
f
e177
e 91 _.... _..
4,261
3, 795
301
2,456
150
265
1,832
1,500
1,321
1, 772
803
260
----··-···
78
460
239
I
36,311
Failed.
Result
not r eported.
eo _.. ___ ..
330
815
3, 15
4,730
1,255
53
3,69
2,415
360
1,267
1,707
620
(b)
(b)
(b)
40
970
628
8
915
4, 087
306
159
491
432
211
19
2,302
995
158,920
23,003
53
32,735
65,095
3,875
31, 735
15,496
14,275
2,179
19,827
257,735
34, 722
4,807
40,103
7, 5C0
1,777
2, 415
1, 506
3,519
1, 731
576
28, 636
33,384
11,570
118,605
1,308
1,367
3,878
29,114
2,144
722
43,247
200
738
3,027
3,424
2,468
691
7, uo
7,624
404
1,066
1, 105
1,048
... __ ...
(b)
.. _.....
(b)
·-·····- 1,513,250
. _.. __ ..
178,964
. _... ___
51, 9m
··--····
109,963
.. _.... _
114,450
.. _.....
23,579
..... - . 393, 234
..... -. .
477,260
.... - . - 760,488
··---··- 3,274,407
.... - - . .
49,088
.. __ .. __
72,918
-------·
89,658
262,742
104,762
1,399
31,190
2,127 •
19,493
(b)
(b)
(b)
/7,109,178
(b)
984
200
49
1, 258
3£0
421
247
2,367
615
1,363
452
1,330
26
144
1,240
1,979
2,565
142
320
620
71.0
30
600
491
1,990
1,378
1,035
146
1, 151
3,554
1,179
(b)
(b)
14, 765
13,216
8,997
5,234
59, 71]
19,041
29,543
10,007
65,W0
6, 239
17,554
93, 484
84,102
- - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - ·- - -
7, 315
15, 941
I
13,055 I. ___ ....
ot including establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
Not including days of work lost not reported for 1890 to 1892.
g Not including strikers not reported in 3 strikes involving 3 establishments.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Days of
\Vork
lost.
42,019
1,805
821
2,765 . ·---····.
543
352
2,103
525
1,427
427
1,866
705
352
75
3,131
164
1,396
290
1,630
4,983
1,850
20
2,G83
318
172 ....... _..
1,385
90
5,124
330
4, 726
1,568
1----1---- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
413
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
f
427, 093
828
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
Strikes whichIndustry a nd year.
Total
strikes.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
Failed.
Result
not reported.
- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- Foods and drinks:
1800 .... •... ........ ........ ...................... .
1891. ........................................... .
1892 .... . ....................................... .
1893 .. .. _..... - ....... - ..... - ....... - . . .... - .. .. .
1894 ................... .. ....................... .
1895 .. . . . .......................... · . · .. - ·. · · · · · ·
1896 .... . ... - ....... . . - ...... : . .......... · - · · · · · ·
1897 .... ... ... .. ......... . ....................... .
1898 ... _............................... .. ........ .
1899 ..... . ..... - .................... ·. ·. ·. · · · · · · - ·
1900 .............. . •. . ····· ........ ········ ...... •.
1901. .......... . .................................. .
1902 ......... . . . ......... . . ....... . ... ........ .. .
1903 ............ ·-· . ............ ·· ······· ........ .
1904 .... _....... _............................... .
1905 . .. ... ... ........ ... . . . . .. : · ... · . . . ..... . · ... .
2
.4
14
8
7
5
8
13
19
39
21
9
19
36
28
2
3
6
4
3
1
11
3
3
4
5
9
15
10
1
6
14
13
4 -- --- ----4 ---------3 --- ------····--------------4
6
7
18
7
5
12
11
12
Total ... ...... ....... . . . ....................... .
238
44
97
97 1.... ......
Chemical products (including tobacco):
1890 ....................................... · · · · · ·
1891 ........... ........... . __ ... _. . ..... _....... .
1892 ........................ _................... .
1893 .... .......... .. ........... - ................. .
1894 .......................................... _..
1895 ...... . ....... _... . .... ............... •... ... .
1896 ............................ - ... . ....... . .. - .
1897 . . .. _.................. _.... _............... .
1898 ....... . - ... ... .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · - · · - · · · - · · .. ·
1899 ............. .... . - ......... - .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
1900 .................................. · ···-··· .. .
1901 ..................... ,., ..................... .
1902 ......... . _......... ........... .. ........... .
1903 . .. __ .. . - .. - . - ...... .... ......... - ... - ..... - ..
1904 . ... .. .. .. . . _.. ..... _.. -..... ·-- _... _....... .
1905 ........ . ... . ..... .. ....... ... .. ..... ... ~ .... .
7
1
3
21
11
8
5
3
3
13
27
17
20
8
21
34
6
2
1
2
1
2
8
4
2
4
2
2 ----------
---------2
.
--- -------
4 ------ ---2
1 -- -- -·---- ------- -- 2
1
12
8
4
5
2
5
2
1
2
1
2 •••••••••• ······-·-3
8
11
11
7
9
6
8
2
4
9
8
13
13
1
2
1
2
1
2
5
1
6
2
4
8
Total ... . ............ . . . .. ... ................ . .. ~ - - - 3 - 6_____
S2_____
84-1~-:-:l'aper and printing:
1890 ....... ... .................. - - .. ~ . · · · · · · · · · · - ·
1891. ........................................... .
1892 .... _....................................... .
1893 ............................................. .
1894 ................... ···-· ... ·-· ........... ... .. .
1895 ..... _..................... _.. ..... _........ .
1896 .. . ...................... · ···········-· ...... .
1897 ............... ·• ·•· .. ··•·•· ·••·•·. ·- ······· ·
1898 .... ... ............................. ····-····
1899. ·-· ........ . . ...... ....... . ··· · ···· ... ····-·
1900 ............ ... ................. . · ········· ···
1901 ...... _..................................... .
1902 ... ............. ... .... . .. ··········-·· ..... .
1903 ...................................... _.. _.. .
1904 ............................ _... _.. _........ .
l!J05 ......... __ ..................... -· ...... _... .
6
1
5
16
10
15
13
18
14
16
22
12
14
23
32
32
3
1
2
5
1
1
2
2
7
3
3
3
3
4
6
7
2
----- -----
---------------------------1
2
2
1
1
6
5
6
5
1
7
10
12
9
8
13
11
10
7
8
13. -------- -4
10
12 -- -- --- -- 16 . .........
13 ----------
Total ........................................ . . ~ - ~ - - - 5 9 - ~ I = =
a Not including establishments not reported in 1 strike.
b
c
d
Not reported.
Not including strikers not reported in 2 strikes.
Not including strikers not reported in 1 strike.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
829
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
RESULTS OF STRIKES I~ FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905--Continued.
Tota l
estabJishments.
Establishments in which
strike-
Strikers in st rikes which-
Total
SueResult strikers.
Sue- ceeded
Failed.
not
receeded. partly.
ported.
Sueceeded
partly.
Sueceeded.
Failed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -a46
al
(b)
(b)
(b)
14
(b)
523
79
74
22
731
20
544 ------ ·115
2
326
37
1,398
111
12
560
31
9
448
1
371
,1,:~
48
e 6,
600
7
1
3
50
13
16
/633
---------- -- ------- --------- -
C236
d80
705
1,906
321
893
499
1,695
1,553
1,704
4,727
1,719
1,008
1,667
4, 086
2,892
4, 332 11,051 ------ --
u 25,691
.... iii.
517
107
161
1,04.0
44.4
1
343
633
325
f
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
3 -------·
1
4
17
2
14
71
20
1
74
31
8
2
32
4
66
38
·---------- ----
--------
29
52
-------27
6
128
247
104
21
104
278
55
(b )
(b)
(b )
(b)
3
1
2
5
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
50
(b)
(b)
(b )
(b )
5
5
1
2
3
12
14
12
6
4
17
15
----------------------- --- -- ---------------- -------------
--------
· · --- ---
-- --- --------- -
5
---- -------·---
10 ---- -- --
2 ·- · -····
1 -- -- -·----- ---- ··--·--3 --- --- -43 ·· ·-·· · 7 ··· ---··
37 ------··
2 ···----11 -------13 --------
16
1
6
24
10
15
13
26
23
217
84
19
14
39
185
96
788
(b ;
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
5
5
3
10
1
13
71
76
- -f
e
f
392
240
109
846
161
372
188
628
280
1,792
1,188
987
439
1, 285
.........
······--
--------
8 ........
13 -------11 -- --- --10
7
8
14
4
10
22
108
65
~
... . ....
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
1
1
1
1
2 -------2
14
16 -------55
154
/107
102
---------59
190
207
65
410
220
986
135
3,257
16,679
------- -
·····---
------ ----------------
5, 358
····---·
--------
2,891
/228 ···-····
17, 156
13
---
406
-- --- ---
·······-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10,812
1,237
1,165
2,460
11,829
8,731
8,332
41,662
10,105
4,940
8,136
16, 036
13,989
--- ----------- h 139,434
- - - ========
23,589
26,300
144
25
240 ••••••••••
51
43
110
366
65
10
12
150
32 ---------382
29
179 - ----- ····
247
1, 470
118
689
648
109
17
123
371
612
258
2,308
1,270
1,107
3,930
(b)
(b)
(b)
23,657 ........
-
73,280
7, 088
61,956
2,544
841
758
26, 654
74, 067
11,657
124,680
12,533
26,761
50,215
h
473, 034
------- ---==
I
7, 255
223 .. ......
(b)
(b)
----------------15 ........
370 -------86
210
156
217
101
(b)
11,490
3,413
1,730
3,937
6,677
1,304
14,271
7, 907
19,185
7,101
13,028
66,820
21,609
--- ---··
·- -----........
···-----
------··
75 ........
381 ---- --··
230 ··--·--·
299 -------302 --- ---··
2, 792 ·-··--·514 •• • •••••
5, 971
Not including establishments not reported in 2 strikes.
Not including establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
reported in 3 strikes.
Not including days of work lost not reported from 1890 to 1892.
u Not including strikers not
h
5, 755
(b)
(b)
(b)
180
665 -------96 --- ------- -------46 ------- 200
1, 436 --·----4, 123
926 ·------781
2,042 -· -----1,564
484
83 ·····--24 --··---474
614 ----- · -- ·- ....... .
1,253 -------·
3,228
5, 363 ........
5, 015
1, 205 ·-· ·····
2,525
1, 598 ... .....
947
74 -------·
799
7,523 -------·
1, 721
1,419 ........
3,549
- - - - - - - - - - -- -
(b)
6
7
24.0
--------528
1, 085
240
96 ---------246 -- -- ---- -5, 651
92
2, 557
850
3,911
305
941
374
498 ·········1,482
868
5, 348
867
10,845
467
4, 140
410
18,252
15,707
942
69
10,859
1,615
6,693
1,725
390
/99
/134 ····-···
/96
73,546
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- -
D ays of
work
lost.
21 -------100
80 --- ---- --- -------569
136 -------1,382
284 -------143
178 -------365 ••••••••
397 ---------- -------122 -------1,573
1,205
289 -------623 ••••••••
891
3,847
673 -- --- --268 -------1,386
26
572 -------660 -------787
484 -------2,616
1,0 0 -------1,677
115
(b)
----------
d
Result
not r eported.
--------
h
178,472
830
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, :BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905---Continued.
Strikes whichTota l
strikes.
Industry a nd yea.r.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
Result
not reported.
- = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -1- - - - -,- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
L eather and hides :
1 90 .. .................... · ..... ········-···· · .. .
1891 ................. .... ....... ... ........ ... .. .
]! 9'3 .. .... .. . ..... .................. -· .......... .
1893 .............................. ··•············
1894 .......... . ........................ ...... .. . .
1895 ( C) ........................................ .
1896 (C} .... -······· ........ .. .. ...... ..... . .... .
1897 ...................... , ... .. .. .... .. ........ .
1898 .. .................. ..... ............... .. . . .
1899 ... .. ... .................................... .
1900 • .......• ·•••·•·•·•• .. · .•••. , ••..... •··· · •••• 1
1901 ... ......... ········ .......... ···· · ····· .... .
1902. ··•· ......... . ......... . ... . ............... .
1903 ..... -· ..................................... :
1904 ...................... . ..................... .
1905 .. ... ...... .................... ·· ··· ·· ·· ·····
Tota:1 ( c) ........ _........ -· .. _....... _....... .
5.
14
56
2&
39
28
19
33
32.
47
40
29
38
47
94
10
10
15
13
3.4
1
2
4
13
10
9.
5
6
. 11
11
19
18
10
IO
11
35
555
164
175
6
1
1
5
18
7
11
11
3
3
12
10
4
2
5
25
11
19
12
10
19
9
18
12
9
13
23
25
216 ,. ······ ...
l=====l====l=====l
Textiles:
1890 ..................... . .. ··-·· ................ .
1891 . -· ............ ........................... . .
1892 ......................... - ·· · · · .. . · · · · · · · · · · ·
1893 ..... ·--······················· ·· · '· ········ ·
1894 . ................................ -· ......... _
1895 "(c). --· ..... -·. - -· .... . ... . ................ .
1896 ( c) ............................... _.... .... .
1897 ... ....... . ............................... .. .
1898 ........... -· ............................ · · · ·
1899 .... ... ....... ........ ..... -· . · ... · · - · · · · · · · ·
1900 ......... . ........... .. ·· •······ ............ .
1901. ............ --· ....... --· .................. .
1002 ............. . . _. _.. .. .............. _..... . .. .
1903 .............................. · ·· -·· · · ...... .
1904 ............ -· -· ..................... -· ..... .
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .... ..... · .. - · · · · · · · · - · ·
Tvta l( c-) ..... .... ........................... . .
Wearing apparel (cleaning, etc.):
1890 ........... . ....................... •··· ······
1891 ......................................... '• .. .
1892 ...... .... ... -· . . . ............. .. .. ......... .
1 93 ............................................ .
1894 ......... _..................... . .. _... ... __ ..
1895 ... .. . : . .................................... .
1800 .............. -··· ........ ······· ·· ··· ...... .
1897 ... .. ..... _.. ... ...... _..................... .
1898 ... . ..... . ................ .. ..... . . _. . ...... .
1899 ... ..................... -· ......... .. ..... . . .
1900 ... . ........................................ .
1001. ..... . ...... _....... ... . .......... ......... .
1902 ..... - · ....... -· ... .. ....................... .
1003 ... . ..... .... ............... · · ·. · .... · · · · · · · ·
1904 ..... ... .... .. .............................. .
1~05 . ......... . ................................. .
Total ....................................... . .
197
82
104
204
236
100
167
173
181
130
19
28
16
59
13
32
43
12
25
48
55
M
43
41
38
33
2,342
519
10a
100
79
233
112
HI.
73
44
45
43
28
37
82
90
31
58
67
57
53
36
101
55
64
111
42
42
74
91
55
54
66
65
63
43
802
1,018
80
3
l====l=====l====l====
27
4'
7
22
5
1
13
4
2
10
7
1
13
4
3
5
6 ····· ··· ·a·
16
7
26
4
13
12
3
11
3
13
1
28
5
227
52
a Not reported.
,
b Not ineludi,ng establi b:ments not reported, in l strike.
c Including 1 strike beginn1ng in 1895 and e:nding in 1896·, which is
d Not mdudiDg establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
e Not including days of work lost not reported from 1890 to 1892.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
18
26
7
3.
14
7
5
2
2
2
3
12
4
4
7
2
1
5
12
4
5
5
8
7
5
4
3
5
8
4
7
16
67
106
duplicated.
2
831
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
RESU LTS OF STRIKES IN FRAN CE, BY INDUSTRIES AN'D Y EARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
Tota l
estab-lishm euts.
Establishments in which
strike-
Strikers in strikes which-
Total
Result strikers .
Sue
Sue- •
ceed;d ceeded Failed. not re• pa rtly.
ported.
- - - ----~---6
6
bl3
154
178
61
47
19
58
42
780
139
100
154
254
277
---b
h
2,288
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
80
31
11
3
12
15
31
10
34
15
73 1
141
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
5,691
d827
72
8
14
5
26
29
950
159
3.';
130
15
mo
140
52
57
38
50
275
391
59
113
486
409
190
67
66
47
90
147
65
116
14
61
45
76
33
d
2
1
5
3
........
5
49
23
3
1,777
a)
~a)
126
94
112
43
46
150
458
124
146
112
89
64
2,260 d 1,564
(a )
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a )
49
2
2
----- ---
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
8
11
132
4
36
8
32
d 107 d 1,211
d285
1(1
1
5
------ --
80
470
1,932
7,092
4,628
2,129
1,519
949
1,821
4, 076
11,771
4, 210
2,632
5,475
7,506
16,234
--------
~
I
(a)
(a)
(a)
20
225
1, 070
1,988
507
459
284
48Z
1,039
2,857
3,121
1,700
1, 252
2,504
4,622
8,569
30
30
533
1,728
1,567
786
735
287
102
760
321
592
1,025
1,321
1,040
4, 377
v 53,220
3,257
7, 862
2,471
16,576
4, 044
3,101
3, 555
773
4,864
5,888
7,104
680
3, 413
3, 828
7,916
2,816
19, 045
2,727
2,886
12,753
14, 549
5,899
4, 125
3,801
4,807
30, 065
29, 724
4,776
18,988
63, 40&
54,552
18,722
30,918
10,795
4, 754
19,186
4,868
5,641
9,080
4,100
2, 838
3, 975
12,590
6, 905
12, 292
8,440
13,825
3,908
(a)
g 523,195
78, 148
290,827
154,115
(a)
320
2,354
60
1,103
199
----- ---
08,461
g 3,514
170
3,213
995
145
573
140
260
674
10,791
1, 753
1, 24:l
918
1,103
2,033
46?
436
1,132
5, 638
961
110
75
630
97
207
45
120
146
360
1,198
226
323
537
579
(a)
i 35,986
17,304
11,252
........
--·····-
--------
........
--------
.........
---------------
..........
----··· ·
--------
--------
--------
--- -- ---
--------
----- ---
19 ---- ··· ·
--------
--------
--- --- --
..... .....
-- ----- -
.........
710
130
16
256
95
---------227
654
433
195
128
130
322
6, 030
---------2, 428
235
32
110
---------140
301
9,777
122
822
/Not including establishments not reported in 2 strikes.
v Not including strikers not r eported in 1 strike.
h Not including establishments not reported in 4 strikes.
t Not including establishments not reported in 3 strikes.
J Not including strikers not reported in 2 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I
26,51lj~
12,524 115,2341~
D ays of
work
lost .
Result
not reported.
30 -------215 ---- -- -329 ------·3,376 -------2,554 -------884 .........
500 ----- -·180 ------·680 ------·459 -- -----8,329 ---- -- -1,828 ---- ---355 -- -----1, 650 ----- --1,844 -------3,298 --------
21,469
10,131
48,515
23, 461
14,641
16,760
8, 674
12,509
39,928
49, 418
12, 361
34, 693
75, 676
76,293
25, 446
21 ........
5 ....... .
7 ------ -2 --------
7
16
890
4
28
84
6
123
Failed.
- - - ----
........
------- ..
87 ........
21 - - --... 31 ----- --10 -------20 -------16 -------567 -------94 ....... .
12 -------43 -------99 ... ... ..
30 ----- ---
---
(a)
(a)
(a )
(a)
---- --- ·
i
11
9
5
6
26
11
182
35
54
96
82
106
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
d4561d623 dl.030
I 410
1133
87
410
333
212
216
171
243
490
965
197
320
643
574
287
113
/32
5
64
a)
~a)
a)
~a)
Sueceeded
p a rtly.
Sueceeded.
(a)
(a)
(a)
99,000
47,086
16, 412
12, 013
11,089
13, 952
22,983
191,020
60, 660
114,860
71,934
116,979
246,515
---~
(a)
85
20
1, 024,503
(a)
a)
(a )
484, 760
308,225
190, 655
127,625
119, 496
232,568
1,966, 033
1,716,129
103,553
502, 771
1,783,015
1,637, 779
647,874
------- -
.... . ...
........
.. .. ....
----- -------- -------- ·
-- -----........
.........
·······-
. .... .. .
-------- - - - u 105
e 9, 820,483
---a)
a)
1,400
---------------
~a)
25,918
50,524
3,800
7,529
791
2,569
2, 589
58,474
47,512
32,818
20,818
31,958
17, 498
----------- --- -
--- ----------- ------- -
. .......
--------
--------- ------
...... ..
--- ----------- -
······-·
1,400
-
--e 302, 798
----
832
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES INFRA CE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
Strikes whichIndust ry a nd year.
·wood working, carved materials, etc.:
1890 ........... . ... .. .... .. ...... .. .. ..... ... ... .
1S91. .......... .. ....... ..... . . . ................ .
1892 . . ... .. .......... . ...... .. .. . .... ..... . ..... .
1893 ...... .. ..... . ........................ ... .. .
1894... ........... . ... .. .. ....... ..... .. ...... -· .
1895 ............................................ .
18:l6 ..... . ..... ... .............................. .
1897 ............. . ·········· .... . .... . ·· ···· · .. . .
1898 ............................. . .......... · · · · ·
1899 ............ . .... . ........... .. ......... · · - · ·
1900 . . .......................................... .
1901 ............. ....... ... ... .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. ·
1902 ......... : . .. ......... .. ... ... ....... .. . .... .
1903 ...... . .. .... . .......................... · . · · ·
1904 ............. •...................... ... ...... .
1905 ............ ... ......... . .. - - · · · · · - · · · · · · · · · ·
Tota l ....... . ........ . ............... .. . .. .. . .
Total
strikes.
9
17
23
31
22
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
-------- 8-- ---------5
27
21
13
43
43
39
23
27
43
46
7
13
6
3
7
5
2
17
10
14
8
6
13
6
6
9
5
4
5
8
4
10
14
11
7
8
16
23
441
125
135
14
Failed.
Result
not reported.
8
4
10
9
11
7
15
8
7
16
19
14
8
13
14
17
---- ---- --~- ---- ----
180
l====r-====l
Building trades (woodwork):
1890( i) .. . ...... .. . .. ... ... ... ........... .............. .. ......................................... .
1891(i) .......... ........ ................ . ... .... .. .... .......... .... ................ .... .. .. ... . . .
1892(i) .... ...................... .. ...... .... .... .. ........ ··· · · · ·· ·· . . . . ..·............. ... ....... .
1893. . .... .. ... ....... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .......
23
10
10
3 .... .. ... .
1894.............................................
9
2
5
2 ... .. . ... .
16
2
8
6 .. .. ... .. .
1895 .............................................
1896. ........................... .. .......... .. . . .
10
2
8 .. . . ... ............ .
1897 ... . ............. .. ······. .. . .......... .. .. . .
17
4
10
3
1898 ... ... . .... ..... .......... ... .... .......... ..
6
2
2
2
19
7
11
1
1899 . ... ... . ~·............... .. .. ... . ..... ... . ...
1900......... . ................... .. ..............
24
5
17
2
13
5
4
4
1901.. . . .. ............ .. ... ... . ............ .. ....
8
4
4
1902.. . ..... .. .. ....... .. .... ....... . ... . ... . .. ..
10
6
4
1903.. ......... ... .. .... . ........................
1904 . ..... .. ......... . . ....... .. ............ , . . . .
14
5
8
1
1905..... ..... ... . .. .. ............... ... ........ .
18
6
G
G
Total (i) . .. .......... .... ................ .... --1-87_ 1 _ _ _
50Metallu rgical:
1890 . ..................... . ... .. ... ...... ....... .
1891. ........................................... .
1892 ................. .. ................. .. ...... .
1893 . .......... .. ........ .. ..................... .
1894 ... ... .... .... ... , .. . . ......... ... .... ...... .
1895 . .. ....... ............. ... ····· ·· · . ......... .
1896 .................. .... .. . ... ..... ......... . . .
1897 .... ... ... . ... . ..... .. .. . ... . ..... . . .. ...... .
1898 . ... : .. .. . ......... ... .. .. . ··················
1899. ········· ............. .. .. ··················
1900 . ......... .. ..... ... ... ······ ............... .
1901. ....................... .. ......... .. ...... . .
1902 ... .................. ········· .............. .
1903 . .. ... . ......... .. .. ........ ... .. . ·· ········ ·
1904 ............... . .. .. ... ........ .. .... . .... ... .
1905 . . . . . ..................... ..... ...... ....... .
'l'ot a l .. .................... . .. .. ............. .
8
4
7
99
2
1
1
2
1
5
2
2
1
3
5
7
1
3
6
1 . . . ................ .
[j
13
2
17
5
5
s
b
2
3
5
12
7
14
7
4
46
60
130
4
1
24
Not reported.
c Not including strikers not reported in 1 strike.
Not including est ab li shments not reported in 5 strikes.
e Not including establishments not r eported in 2 strikes.
Not including establishments not reported in 11 strikes.
f
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5
3
4
3
. •·••••·•• ••.•••.•••
3
5
3
1
6
7
2
7
13
a Not including establishments not reported in 4 st rikes.
d
33
9
2
3
833 .
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS I N FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
Total
establishments.
Establishments in which
strike-
- - - - - -- - -- a6
d25
e 37
213
83
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
45
7
26
23
2
102
39
65
30
20
103
13
45
73
57
47
224
680
215
61
65
291
316
- - - - - -12,438
Strikers in strikes which-
Total
SueResult
Sue- ceeded Failed. not re- strikers.
ceeded. partly.
ported.
475
g
19
6
9
26
20
93
613
97
21
28
171
284
1,387
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
19
32
38
8
25
29
28
53
10
17
17
19
u 295
\
(b)
••••• •986 ••• •(by· - •• •(by· • •• •(b·)· -• : : : : : : : :
137
34
90
13 . . . . . . . .
187
9
110
68 . . . . . . . .
157 _
27
130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
184
17
164
3
103
21
74
8
590
47
• 113
430
372
58
311
3
89
15
67
7
69
63
6
107
68
39
184
63
120
1
170
80
74
16
C
388
1,191
442
575
423
259
493
136
347
588
1,723
1,057
336
474
398
662
(b)
48,675
9,492
(b)
--•• 5/265.
536
1, 264
989
1,815
829
2,043
2,355
522
358
1, 052
1, 033
1,297
9,758
29,425
6,659
9,985
225
200
25
c 2,113
620
865
1,923
I , 734
1,216
1,198
18
1,317
420
300
661
120
400
548
276
500 ................... .
20,190
21, 741
270
856
2,993
392
319
ffi3
77
~, 835
43
209
1,849
2, 941
2,260
2,900
243
2,179
836
5,551
896,812:
•••• so; 030,
10, 197
20,503.
12, 37321,604
3, 79355, 10829, 798:
5,273,
6, 91015, 39821, 865
16,626,
2,162
2,170
628
189
(b)
(b)
(b)
88, 40057,112
12, 2983,944
7, 1132,800,
329,25(),
34,302:
3,670,
64,90494,726,
41, 18852,007
597
141
272
500
1,281
1, 745
67
2 583
1:092
397
2,536
; Strikes for 1890 to 1892 included in stone and earth work (building trades) .
N ot including establishments not reported for 1893.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
h
269, 47&-
g Not including establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
h Not including days of work lost not reported from 1890 to 1892.
i Included in building trades, stone and earth work.
309B-07-53
(b)
(b)
(b)
2, 114 1. _.. _. _.
g 20 _ _u_5_2_ ,__u_5_1_,_·_·_
· ._._
· ·- ·~c_5_2_,_48_4 \__3_ ,_
78_6--, __:i=2·=
· 3=38= 1==1=6,=3=60= 1·=~=
k
Days of
work
lost.
57,ll~
26,151
11,966,
10,11825,036,
23,271
14, 07844, 38835, 54523,646,
92,120
71,118462,262.
- ••• 3; 845 ••••• i; 259. - ••••• ii3i. : : : : : : : :
108
396
32 . . . . . . . .
440
407
417 . . . . . . . .
145
844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150
1,622
43
310
443
76
322
521
1,200
155
2,188
12
245
128
149
278
80
747
305
245
786
2
694
366
237
m ~~~ /:::::::: ~:~~
7
(b)
(b)
(b)
1
15
(b)
(b)
(b)
3
1
2 ........ ........
5
1
1
3
9
1
1
7
6
3
3
1 . ..... .... ......
1
14
2
5
7
17
5
5
7
8
4
2
2
13
1
3
9
7
5
2
14
2
9
3
26
3
16
7
158
Failed.
Result
not reported.
c388 ------···· ..........
2,284
512
581
1,737
655
640
2,852
530
31.· 957
,206
518
265
887
291
337
961
256
212
2,140
162
1,842
1,045
97
601
2,949
1,173
1,188
5,610
3,214
673
3,461
1,824
580
1,215
477
402
1,941
1,281
186
3,976
2,498
1,080
14,918
206
14, 050
~ k371 kl,384 ~,~ ~
~ ~~~
Sueceeded
partly.
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
--g
Sueceeded.
h
791, 714
834
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 190~Concluded.
Strikes whichIndustry and year.
Total
st-rikes.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
Result
not reporf:ed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Metal wo•rking, machinery, instruments, apparatus, etc. :
•
1890 ........................ ········ ............ .
1891 ............................................ .
1892 ............................................ .
1893 ............................................ .
1894 ............................................ .
1895 ............................................ .
1896. ················· .......................... .
1897 ............................................ .
1898 ............................................ .
1899. ··· · ··· ······· ·· ·· ... ........... .... ....... .
1900.- ......................................... .
1901. ....... . ........ . .......................... .
1902 •••• • ••••••••••••••• •• ••••••• ••••••••••••••••
1903 ............................................ .
1904 •••• •••••••••• ••••••••••• ••• •• •• •••••••••••••
1905 ............................................ .
32
34
27
64
48
44
62
1'4
58
125
88
59
72
74
104
112
Total ................................... .- .... .
1,057
12
9
2
12
25
42
22
15
29
17
27
22
32
24
34
49
15
13
16
36
28
21
29
33
33
58
39
26
35
35
41
46
10
18
10
218
332
504
10
16
18
.' .1
6
11
5
5
6
7
15
10
19
Jewelry, gold and silver working:
1890.............................................
1
1 ...... . ..... .. ........ .. ..... .
1891. ............................................ ·········· ... . ...... ···· ··· ··· ................... .
1892 ....... .. ... , ........ .... . ............ .......
6 ..........
2
3
1
1893. ... ... ...... ..... ..... ............. ........ .
1 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ......... .
1894.............................................
3
2 ..........
1 ......... .
1895 . .... ... ................ .. .... . . ...... ......... ........................ ... ...... .. . . ..... ... . ~.
1896...... .......... .............................
1
1 ........... ... ............... .
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 .......... ..........
1 ......... .
1898.............................................
1
l • ................... .
1899... ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . ..
2
1 ................... .
1900..... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .
4
2 ..........
2
1 .......... ..........
1
1901. .... ........ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902.... .. ................... ... ... . .............
3
1
1
1903.................. .... . ..... .. . .. ...... ......
3
l
1
1904. ....... ........ .... ... ....... . ........ .. .. ..
3
2
1
4
1
2
1905.. . . . .. . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . ... . ... . . .. .. . .. . .. .
Total. ...... ..... . .... ......... ...... -....... -
34
12
7
14
Stonecutting, products of stone, clay, glass, etc.:
1890 ................... . ······· ......... ....... . .
1891 •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1892 .... . ..... . ........ ..... .. ......... .. ....... .
1893 . ................. .. . ... .... ····· · ····· ··· ···
1894 ••• ••••• ·······-·····························
1895 ............................................ .
1896 . ....... .. ........ . ..... .. .. ......... ... .... .
1897 .......... ·· ········ ........................ .
1898 ............................ ··········· ..... .
1899 . .... . ... .. ..... . ... .............. ......... . .
1900 . . ....... . ······ . ........ ........ ........ .. . .
1901. .... ...... .... ... .................. ..... .. . .
1902 ............................................ .
1903 ............................................ .
1904 .................. .... ......... . . ········ ... .
1905 ... . ....... . .... : . ........................... .
28
14
15
27
20
14
20
9
16
35
28
22
18
20
46
33
11
4
10
4
5
3
5
8
3
2
6
3
6
13
13
8
6
9
23
22
11
5
9
13
12
8
10
6
6
17
6
10
7
11
13
7
Total .............................. .. ........ .
365
76
i35
151
1
6
5
4
4
4
5
9
4
5
a Not including establishments not reported in 1 strike.
b Not
reported.
c Not including strikers not reported in 3 strikes.
ot including establishments not reported in 2 strikes.
e ot including establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
/Not including days of work lost not reported from 1890 to 1892.
d
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
2
3
GRAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
835
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUS'l'RIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Concluded.
Total
establishments.
Establishments in which
strike-
Strikers in strikes which-
Total
SueSueResult strikers.
ceeded. ceeded Failed. not repartly .
ported.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
Iported.
;;;i81fe~
Days of
work
lost .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1- - - - f - - - - 1 - -- - - - - -, - - - -
a75
a53
29
228
115
128
286
114
129
880
427
497
188
155
319
328
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
41
39
66
11
20
96
62
210
5
34
124
26
28
66
102
44
76
665
232
199
114
72
118
132
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
46
23
!18
59
33
119
133
88
69
49
77
170
3,452
5,770
1,861
8,09/i
1,977
2,306
5,048
4,127
5,605
27,009
15,284
7, 313
6,980
5,422
10,906
26,540
C
558
1, 419
57
776
583
650
1,629
928
292
3,426
3,151
1, 323
112
1, 000
4,213
3,173
1, 068
2,003
1,129
3,303
521
689
1,105
1,339
3,632
12, 740
7, 844
2,347
5,439
2,287
3,795
19,839
1,826
2,348
615
4,016
873
967
2,314
1,860
1,681
10,843
4, 289
3,643
1, 429
2,135
'.!,898
3,528
b)
b)
60
~b)
151,294
36,758
28,820
149,597
43,517
140,289
228, 073
112, 618
126, 705
125, G81
62,449
89,228
2~7,096
e 984
C 137,695
(b)
cl 3,951
e734 el,848
45,265
60 fl, 532,125
69,080
23,290
1====t===l===,1=-=====0 l======0l====l====t===~=====l====l 0= = = =
(b)
d
38
1
3
(b)
(b)
(b~
(b)
2 • ·-·· ·--
150
(b)
(b)
---. ---.
(b)
(b)
1 - -·. - .. -
ul,064 ·-------··
850
35 ·---· ·-··- - -· ·--· -- 19
8 . _... _. -· .
. __ . __. _
1
1 . ___ .. __
1 _.. _____
1 _______ _
1 . ___ . ___
1 . __ . ___ .. ______ _
10
1
9
. ___ _- - _
4
2 . ------2 ·-- ____ _
1 . _________ . ___ . _
1 . __ . _. __
3
1
1
1 __ . _. __ .
202
1
200
1 -- - ----·
3
2 __ . -- . . .
1 . -- _. __ .
4
1
1
2 . -· _. __ .
1 - - - -1- - -1- - - ·- - -
d273
j
31
h
11
h212
(!>)
49
(b)
23
(b)
51
(b)
75
23
26
4
62
10
25 .... _. . .
32
16
53
10
59
10
103
25
76
5
33 .. ____ . _
121
51
·130
9
g
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
35
14
6
19
10
23
38
34
27
22
54
114
h
10
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
17
8
46
6
6
20
11
44
44
11
16
7
(b)
150
214
(b)
35 ---·· ...
11 _____ .. _
19
19 . - ... - - . - .
7 ------·-· J
31 __ . ___ . . _.
31 - _____ . _..
35
121
156
117
83 _--· --··· ·
34
5 ··----··-· ··--- - ---5
37
24
4
9
1,254
12
1,225
17
43
37 _-- .. -- .. 6
90
10
55
25
. _... - - · ---· -·_. ___ . __
_. _. _. __
_·--·-··
• ----···
....... .
··--··-. -- ... __
· -·---··
(b)
245
301
380
7
1, 020
4,340
2,200
25
366
29,908
389
2,760
- ---1-----1----1----1-----l----l ·----
(b)
(b)
(b)
.... __ . _
. _. __ . _ _
... · -···
····--··
. _. _. _..
. _. _____
. ___ . ___
.. __ ... _
.. ______
_. . ___ . .
.... __ . .
. _.. __ . .
... __ . . .
..... _..
g
3,027
378
3,038
887
9,219
622
1,631
126
2,180
552
3,801
2,268
2,555
148
2, 975
196
497 . _.... __ . _
1,187
748
7, 471
459
3, 169
611
6, 254
190
6, 312
467
962 _.... _.. _.
3, 713
518
13,100
415
2,286
363
350
1,721
5,235
1,100
936
1,459
1,762
2,313
229
208
2,313
220
4,047
382
560
G14
293
3,298
'\'.05
692
74
645
466
268
231
4, 699
2, 338
2,017
5, 4.63
402
2, 581
12,392
(b)
80
64
i 41,941
(b)
(b)
(b)
77,513
266,978
135,483
109,882
3, L'. 05
13,877
131,338
441,590
140,624
239, 4.00
41,006
142, 731
201,752
~ ~ ~ ~ -(-b)- 68,0641__8~'=20=7="==3=6,=3=2 1=,=2=3=,3=9=2=,==1=4=4 /=l=,=94=5=,5=7=9
1l Not including strikers not reported in 1 strike.
h
i
;
k
Not
Not
ot
ot
including establishments not reported for 1890, 1892, and 1893.
including days of work lost not r eported for 1890 and 1892.
including establishments not reported in 3 strikes.
including establishments not reported in 4 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
836
REPORT OF THE COM~ISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Conch:ded.
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
Industry and year.
- - - - -- - - - - - - -- --
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
- - -·1 - - - - 1 - - - - - l - - - - -
Building trades, stone and earth work:
1890 (a) ........................................ .
~
1891 (a) .. ... . .......... .. ................... . .. .
1892 (a) ............................. .. ......... .
1893 ... ... ........ -··· ··•··············· ..... ···1894 ........... . ......... ···-···· -· ··-·····-·····
1895 .............. -· ..... -·· · . . ..... · · ... · ...... .
1896.... .. . .. .. _........ . .... _... _... ........... .
1897 ... _.... _. .. . ...... _............... . ... . .... .
1898 .................... -.. - ... - . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
1899. _..... . . . .......... . . .. · ...... - -· ... · · · · · · .. ·
1900. _....... . .. . ... ........ · · .. · ... - ··- · .. . .... .
1901 .... . ...... .. . ..•............. •... ............
1902 .. .... .. . . .. . ......... -· ....... . ............ .
1903 ........ .... . ····-·· .. · ... · ... ... ... . · .. · ···1904 ....................... _.................... .
1905 ............. - .............. -....... ........ .
Total (!7) ............. .. .... .. .... . .... ....... .
27
26
32
51
105
103
10
15
12
8
18
14
11
15
14
25
24
19
13
9
22
22
998
251
58
55
53
37
59
58
92
106
73
63
2
6
9
27
14
24
14
22
21
35
37
27
31
25
42
54
390
Failed.
Result
not reported.
- -- - - - -
15
5
10
23
23
15
12
22
23
32
45
27
19
17
41
27
.
.
"
356
====r-=====i====l====l====I
Transportation and miscellaneous:
1890 ................... - ..... ...... ... .......... .
1891 .. ... ...... .. .... . ...... - . ....... ........ . .. .
1892 ............................................ .
1893 ....... - - . .. - ....... .. .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • ·
1894 ... .. ........ . ....... .. -...... - ............. .
1895 ..... .... .. ... . - -. - ..... · · · · · -· · · · · · · · · · · · .. ·
1896 ................. - ...... · · · · · · · · · · · -· · · -· · · · ·
1897 .................. - . - -.. - -................. .
1898 .. ......... ...... .... ... · · · · · · · · · - - - · · · - · · .. ·
1899 .......... -· .. ....... · . .. . -· ·· ...... · ....... .
1900 ......... . .. ···· ·· -· · · ... . ... · .............. .
1901 ................... . ........................ .
1902 .. ............................... .. ......... .
1903 .. ................... - ..... ... -. - .... - - ..... .
1904 .. ......... _. ... _...... ...... ........... .... .
1905 .............. .. .......... · · -· -· · ···· ····· .. .
Tota l .............. ... . .... .. . . .... .. ........ .
9
13
15
27
11
16
16
16
14
46
128
67
38
57
186
87
746 1
2
6
2
7
3
4
1
6
1
12
34
15
8
15
57
24
197
2
3
3
8
1
3
6
6
3
15
65
30
10
2.5
b
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19
29
22
20
17
64
33
65
30
277
271-
Including building trades (woodwork).
Not including establishments not reported in 11 strikes.
cNot reported .
d Not including establishments not reported in 8 strikes.
e Not including establishments not reported in 5 strikes.
/Not including strikers not reported in 2 strikes.
u Including strikes in building trades (woodwork), 1890 to 1892.
a
5
4
9
12
7
9
9
4
10
l
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
837
R ESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Concluded.
Total
establishments.
---b 49
d30
h
Establishments in which
strik,e-
I
( C)
( C)
( c)
(c)
( C)
( C)
( c)
( C)
........
( c)
( c)
--------
( c)
1,175
424
380
360
1,297
966
1,148
803
726
340
350
898
1,490
( c)
105
55
81
72
67
209
140
89
39
38
86
369
( c)
225
226
176
653
854
750
480
464
243
233
633
1,071
10,583
i 1,350
Ii6,oo8
k3
(c)
( c)
( c)
( c)
1,533
2,542
2,206
3,953
1,466
585
999
631
724
2,792
1,681
1,143
7()0
498
2,709
3,01.4
f 193,537
21,236
1,090
10,083
7,018
10,971
1,135
3,921
820
1,234
1,708
8,369
47, 125
36,636
12,195
11, 753
69,293
15,386
115
2,674
550
1,120
220
175
60
539
350
548
7,615
2,341
645
2,569
12,934
1,545
i 4, 8251-(-c)- m238, 737
34,000
i 1,824
(c)
( c)
22
21
1
13
6
13
116
80
25
72
842
73
n 12,018
i 1,284
i 5,601
------·-
94 -------99 -------103 -------572 -------45 -------189 -------183 -------173 -------58 -------79 -------179 ........
50 --------
( c)
( c)
( c)
109
31
70
101
3, ·499
4,114
330
338
2,176
765
3,773
3,572
f 4,405
14,796
5,958
7,024
3,597
15,05/5
46,438
15,494
11,185
8,051
4,981
4,514
13,639
31,055
( c)
(c)
( c)
1
16
80
14
4
44
3,246
168
138
189
1,185
516
80
Sueceeded
p1trtly.
I
e 147
26
123
256
97
Strikers in strikes which-
Total
Result strikers.
SueSueSueFailed.
not
receeded ceeded
ceeded.
ported.
_ _ _• partly.
1
------ ----
74
43
28
4
60
44
137
3,866
167
77
149
176
-I
( c)
--------
-------( c)
-------------·-----------------------------
--·-----
· -······
........
........
-----·· ·
........
m
Failed.
--- ----
I
2,000 - ... -. - -
240
610
905
5,712
1,740
5,613
1,341
11,389
18,085
10,012
6,035
4,844
3,408
2,656
5,988
25,605
1,244
5,131
2,752
826
1,257
3,035
27,629
2,690
3,469
2,064
813
1,360
4,942
2,436
104,183
62,068
650
988
2,733
1,995
20
2,416
278
573
291 .
4,606
29,241
8,683
4,814
7,095
47,760
8,600
120, 743
420
-------50
--------
--------
........
------- -----------------------------
--------
........
---------------
-------1
325 1- -. - ·-· -
"""(cy··
83,994
(c)
895
1,330
482
122
1,067
3,215
10,269
25,612
6,736
2,089
8,599
5,241
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
( c)
( c)
(c)
194,270
29,763
48,550
49, 49 /
284,190
718,349
232,023
140,456
137, 944
34,102
38,296
148,397
473,011
50 i 2,528,848
tm
7,856
( c)
( c)
(c)
162,940
2,461
-------23,162
-------4,337
----·--·
6,093
-------6,530
······-61,150
-------- 363,203
-----·-- 319,629
----·· · ------· - 110,077
72,108
---- -- -·····--· 1,099,498
94,968
·---····
.. ·-· ...
Not including establishments not reported in 24 strikes.
i Not including establishments not reported from 1890 to 1893.
; Not including days of work lost not reported from 1890 to 1892.
k Not including establishments not reported in 6 strikes.
Z Not including establishments not reported in 3 strikes.
m Not including strikers not reported in 1 strike.
nNot including establishments not reported in 9 strikes.
h
Days of
work
lost.
Result
not reported.
----
; 2,326, 15
1
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUST~RIES , FOR THE PERIOD 1890 TO 1905.
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
Industries.
.A~r!culture, forestry, and fisheries ................ .
~!~l~Li~i~:~:_:_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:
5:~!i~!111;\~;-~-::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::
Textiles (h) ........................................ .
Wearing apparel (cleaning, etc) ................... .
Wood working, ca rved materials, etc ............. .
Building trades (woodwork) (m) .................. .
Metallurgical ...................................... .
Metal working, machinery, instruments, apparatus, etc .......... . .... . ............ ... ........... .
Jewelry, gold and silver working ...... . ...... . .... .
Stonecutfing, products of stone, clay, glass , etc .. .
Building trades, stone and earth work (q) ........ .
Transportation and miscellaneo.us ...... : ......... .
Total (t) .................................. .. .
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
315
311
173
238
202
249
555
2,342
227
441
187
130
121
63
137
123
64
97
50
99
46
57
124
69
97
84
137
216
1,018
106
180
38
60
1,057
34
365
998
746
218
12
76
251
197
332
7
135
390
277
504
14
151
356
271
3
1
3
1
1
3,482
16
---8,570
,:o
44
36
53
164
519
52
125
24
82
59
175
802
67
135
~13,0271
Failed.
a Not including establishments not reported in 11 strikes.
b
Not including establishments not reported for 1890 to 1893.
including days of work lost.not reported for 1890 to 1892.
c Not
a Not reported.
e Not including strikers not reported in 3 strikes.
/Not including establishments not reported in 2 strikes.
g Not including strikers not reported in 1 strike.
h Including 1 strike beginning in 1895 and ending in 1896, which is duplicated.
i Not including establishments not reported in 1 strike.
i Not including establishments not reported in 4 strikes.
k Not including establishments not reported in 3 strikes.
l Not including strikers not reported in 2 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Result
not
reported .
3
2
1
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
839
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY INDUSTRIES, FOR THE PERIOD 1890 TO 1905.
Total
establishments.
Establishments in which
strikeResult
SueSue- ceeded
Failed. not receeded. partly.
ported.
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
Sueceeded
p a rtly .
Result
Failed. not reported.
42,019
19,493
7,315
g 3,257
23,589
3,930
15,234
78,148
6, 030
9, 758
6,659
3,786
55,781
262,742
15,941
16,679
26,300
7,255
30,779
290,827
17, 304
29,425
9,985
32,338
11,802
104,762
13,055
5,755
23,657
5,971
26,511
154, 115
11,252
9,492
2,714
16,360
el37, 695 . 23,290
u3, @
378
68,064
8, 207
1193,537
27,236
U238, 737
34,000
69; 080
2,286
36,321
104, 183
120,743
45,265
363
23,392
62,068
83,994
Sueceeded.
------
a 12, 639
546
413
f 6,600
390
788
~ 2,288
J 5,691
k 1,777
a2, 438
3,335
158
b
b 421 -------(d )
b258
b 100
b86
b 91 -------b 177
b633 b 4,332 b 1, 051 . .......
b99
b96
b 134 -------b228 -------b107
b406
b 623 bl , 030 --- ----b 456
(d)
b8:l7 bZ,260 bl, 564
(d)
b285
b107 bl , 211
(d)
b295
b 475 b 1,387
n594 -------n371 n 1,384
b52
b 51 ------ -b20
3, 731
b 37
b 8,405
b984
[3,951
b734 b 1,848
011
0212
010
/273
bl63
b 396
b236
i949
rI0,583 b 1,350 b 6,008 b 1,824
s 12,018 bl, 284 b 5,601 b 4,825
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
tt64,837 lll0,491 1134,656 vl3, 72.3
(d)
m
---- --109,602
e 386,997
36,311
e 25,691
73,546
17,156
72,524
g 523,195
l 35,986
g 48,675
19,358
052, 484
w2,042,585 Y312,329 1,127,969
(d )
---------------
------------------g 105
---1,400
(d )
---------------
C1,532,125
P 41,941
Cl,945, 579
c2,528,848
c2, 326,156
60
(d)
144
50
(d)
600,528 " 1, 759
Strikes for 1890 to 1892 included in stone and earth work (building trades).
o Not including establishments not reported for 1890,
p Not including days of work lost for 1890 and 1892.
C659 1 650
C7, 109, 178
C427,Q93
C139,434
C473,034
C178,472
C1,024,503
c9,820, 483
c302, 798
c896,812
269, 478
c791, 714
--------
n Not including establishments not reported for 1893.
1892, and 1893.
q Including wood working (building trades) for 1890 to 1892.
rNot including establishments not reported in 24 strikes.
• Not including establishments not reported in 9 strikes.
t Including 2 strikes beginninf in 1895 and ending in 1896, which are duplicated.
: t~t~~{~~ton!ef1u~lishmen s not reported in ?3 strikes.
w~ot incl uding strikers not reported in 18 strikes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Days of
work
·l ost.
V
30, 467,m
840
REPORT OF THE CO MMISSIONER OF LABOR .
Of the 17 groups of industries enumerated that of textiles proper
had the largest number of strikes and strikers involved, being more
than one-fourth the entire number in each case. The group of
agriculture, forestry, and :fisheries had the largest number of establishments affected.
The following table shows the number of strikes and strikers,
grouped according to the duration and results of the strikes:
RESULTS OF STRI KES IN FRANCE, BY DURATION, 1890 TO 1905.
[The figures compiled in this table for the years 1890 to 1899 were mostly obtained from a summary
published in the report for the year 1899. The totals do not, in some cases, agree with the figures
on pages 838 an d 839, which were obtained from the several annual reports.)
Strikes which-
Strikers in strikes which-
Total Sue- SueResult Total
D ays o! duration. strikes.
re- strikers.
Failed. not
ceed- ceeded
ported. partly.
ed.
----
'7 or under ....... . .
8 to 15 .. . .. .. .. . . . .
16 to 30 ........... _
31 to 100 ......... _.
101 or over .... . ....
Sueceeded.
--
Not reported ......
5,324
1 ,518
848
763
91
26
1,522
285
132
98
4
3
1,665
618
379
:!28
36
2
2,131
613
337
337
51
13
Total. .. .. ...
8,570
2,044
3,028
3,482
Sueceeded
partly.
Result
Failed. not reported.
- - - - - - - -6
2
------------8
a689,755 210 ,337
b 381,721
39,992
346 ,185 40, 076
473,590 19,964
149,924
1, 928
c2, 057
143
287 ,675
210,418
189 ,684
304,666
135, 189
217
191,663
80
129,861
1 ,450
116,425 --- ----148,960 --- ----12,807 --- ----821
876
·- - -
16 d2,043,232 312,440 1,127,849 600,537
2,406
a Not including strikers not rep orted in 13 strikes.
b Not including strikers not"reported in 1 strike.
c Not including strikers not reported in 4 strikes.
d Not including strikers not rep orted in 18 strikes.
The strikes were mostly of short duration, 5,324, or 62.1 per cent,
out o~ a total of 8,570, lasting 7 days or less. These short strikes
affected' 689,755 employees, or 33.8 per cent, out of a total of 2,043,232.
The next table shows the strikes grouped according to the number
of strikers involved and their results and duration.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
841
STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED, RESULTS, AND
DURATION, 1890 TO 1905.
•
[The figures compiled in this table for the y ears 1890 to 1899 were mostly obtained from a summary
published in the report for the year 1899. The totals do not, in some cases, agree with the figures
on pages 838 and 839, which were obtained from the several a nnual reports.
Strikes whichStrikers involved.
Tota l
strikes.
25 or under ...... .. .
26 to 50 .............
51 to 100............
101 to 200 .. .. . . . . ...
201 to 500 ...........
501 to 1,000 .........
1,001 or over ... , ...
Not reported ... ....
2,272
1,847
1,607
1,290
974
291
270
19
D ays of duration.
SueResult 7 or
SueFailed. not re- unceeded. cecded.
partly.
ported. der.
Duration
8 to 116 to 31 to 101 or not re15.
30.
~00. over. ported.
--- --- --- -- ----
486
462
441
299
251
61
39
5
476
604
625
554
473
146
149
1
1,308
779
538
437
250
84
81
5
2 1,579
2 1,227
3 1,041
--- ----- 731
-------- 533
126
1
74
8
13
354
311
281
2(\8
189
53
60
2
- - - - - - - - - - - -· - - - - -
Total. ...... .
8,570
2,044
3,028
3,482
16 5,324 1,518
192
131
148
145
126
50
56
lS.1
143
121
135
106
51
73
9
23
12
lO
19
11
7
848
763
91
--- -- - ------ -----·
4
12
4
1
1
----- -- ---
4
26
In the French reports the cause of the dispute is taken as ~he unit,
the figures given in the annual summaries showing the number of
times each cause figured as an incentive to a strike.
The following tables show the causes of strikes and their results
for each year from 1890 to ]905, inclusive.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
842
·'
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1800 TO 1905.
[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause. Hence the totals for this
table, if computed, would not agree with those for the preceding tables.]
1890.
Strikes whichMarginal
num
ber.
Strikes
which
Total for
results
strikes. "\\-ere
reported.
Cause or object.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
Failed.
- - - 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
For increase of wages .......................
Against reduction of wages .................
Against increase of hours without increase
of wages.
Against reduction of wages resulting from
reduction of hours.
For reduction of hours without reduction
of wages.
For reduction of hours .....................
Various causes affecting wages not enumerated above.
For adoption of trade-union rules and
recognition of trade unions.
Against discharge of workmen, foremen,
etc.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, etc ... :
Against fines ...............................
Against obnoxious shop rules . .............
For reform of aid, pension, and other funds.
Other causes . .. . .. ..........................
140
49
4
138
34
49
22
4 ----·· ·· ··
33
9
----------
71
18
4
6
6
----------
3
3
36
36
8
9
19
10
8
20
2
9
20
5
5 ······--·-
22
21
4
22
22
9
3
1
10
9
3
1
9
8
4
1
---------3
1
--------- ·
6
8
4
17
1
1
13
4
2
1
6
33
8
1
42
18
7
5
1
5
4
3
------------------- ---- -- -- 3-----------
1891.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
For increase of wages .......... ....... ......
Against red uction of wages ... ....... ..... ..
Against increase of hours without increase
of waJes.
For re uction of hours with present or
increased wages.
For reduction of hours ....... ....... .... ...
Various causes affecting wages not e!\Umerat d above.
For adoption of trade-union rules and
recognition of trade unions.
Against discharge of workmtm, foremen,
etc.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, etc ...
Against fines ......... .. ......... ... ........
Against obnoxious shop rules ..............
For reform of aid, pension, and other funds.
Other causes ......... .... ...................
117
42
3
~
10
115
42
16
3 ..........
16
16
4
5
25
5
25
---------17
•
2
11
2
3
6
19
19
5
1
13
24
8
3
3
19
23
8
2
3
19
3
3
5
1
15
4
11
a Not including establishments in 17 strikes, not reported.
2
---------- -- -------3 -------------- ----7
6
6
b Not including establishments in 16 strikes, of wh:ich 5 succeeded, 2 succeeded partly, and 9 failed.
c Not including strikers in 3 strikes, not reported.
a Not including strikers in 2 strikes which succeeded.
e Not including establishments in 3 strikes, not reported .
• f Not including establishments in 3 strikes, of which 2 succeeded and 1 failed.
u Not including establishments in 8 strikes, not reported.
h Not including establishments in 8 strikes, of which 1 succeeded, 4 succeeded partly, and 3 failed.
_ i Not including establishments in 1 strike which failed.
i Not including strikers in 2 strikes, not reported.
k Not including establishments in 2 strikes, not reported.
I Not including establishments in 2 strikes which succeeded partly.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES A.ND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
843
CAUSES AND RESUL'fS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905.
[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause. Hence the totals for this
table, if computed, would not agree with those for the preceding tables.]
1890.
Establishments in
Estabwhich strikelishments
in
Total es- strikes
tablishfor
SueSue- ceeded
ments.
which
Failed.
results ceeded. partly.
were
reported.
a 308
e
b
297
14
48
4
9
92
e
k
h
20
134
9
4
-------- --------
98
19
4
Total
strikers.
Strikers in
strikes
Marfor which
ginal
results
SuenumSue- ceeded Failed. ber.
were
reported. ceeded. partly.
--- --C
48,835
5,388
296
d
47,435
5,388
4,727
2,325
296
----·- --
20,177 22,531
1,455
1,608
............
296
1
2
3
8
--------
5
3
792
792
--------
510
282
4
251
7
8
236
46,320
46,320
3,084
3,385
39,851
5
9
92
2
12
--------
7
9
; 723
9,095
723
9,095
47
3,867
676
2,698
6
7
377
8
8
g 251
65
Strikers in strikes
which-
i
71
9
9
2
2
5
710
710
23
22
4
--------
18
9,286
9,206
22
9
3
21
49
22
9
3
21
I 48
8
4
1
1
1
13
2,811
'899
503
9,850
C 765
2,811
899
503
9,850
--------
-------- ·······1
--------
4
2
21
47
105
--------. 2,530
228
989 .........
1,245
552
380
12
26
---------
----- --- --------450
m 765
..... .. .
--------
8,217
1.~f
123
9, 850
315
9
10
11
12
13
14
1891.
71184
50
9
1
82
19
3
30,184
. 6,730
420
30,120
6,730
420
4
12
25
11,733
11, 733
1,998
6 ---·····
96
38
1
32
5
26
169
849,349
169
t 49,349
---5,263
-----
P45
0182
q 45
4
4
41
r 41
p6
i
e
96
P45
24
24
8
3
25
pl8
50
17
- ------ -
9,771
1, 741
8,238
1,254
40
lj,111
380
15
16
17
798
8,937
18
50
39,724
119
4,362
19
2,900
5,942
21
, 735
20
q 45
3
8
34
B9,352
t9,352
510
24
7
1
16
6,339
6,339
2,415
49
3,875
22
23
3
8
3
2 -------25 -- ···--q 18
6
5
15
4
2
4,956
1,645
361
37,290
4,871
1,645
276
37,290
u 9,205
1,830
660
826
2,215
770
276
23
24
1
---·---25
6
------- 6
89,205
215
--- ----- -- 37,290
----- --------939
6,458
--- ----1,808
Not including strikers in 2 strikes, of which 1 succeeded partly and 1 failed.
Not including establishments in 18"strikes, not reported.
Not including establishments in 17 strikes, of which 13 succeeded and 4 succeeded partly.
P Not including establishments in 1 strike, not reported.
q Not including establishments in 1 strike which succeeded.
r Not including establishments in 3 strikes, of which 1 succeeded and 2 succeeded partly.
s Not including strikers in 1 strike, not reported.
t Not including strikers in 1 strike which failed.
u Not including strikers in 1 strike which succeeded.
m
11
o
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
25
26
27
844
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1935-Continued.
1892,
Strikes whichMarginal
number.
Strikes
which
Total for
results
strikes. were reSueported. ceeded.
Cause or object.
Sueceeded
partly.
Fe.iled.
---1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
For increase of wages .......................
Against red uction of wages . . ....... .. .. .. ..
Against increase of hours without increase
of wages.
Against reduction of wages resulting from
_
reduction of hours.
For reduction of hours with present or increased wages.
For reduction of hours .... . .. .. ........ ....
Various causes affecting wages not enumerated above.
For adoption of tra.de-union rules and
recognition of trade unions.
Against discharge of workmen, foremen,
etc.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, etc ....
Against fines .. ... ... . ............. . .........
Against obnoxious shop rules ..............
Foi:.reform of aid, pension, and other funds.
Other causes ........ . ......... . ... ... .. .. . . .
103
53
101
53
4
4
31
31
9
17
1 ···--·-···
39
27
3
--- ------ - -------- --
1
1
1
13
13
4
4
38
2
9
2
1
6
3
20
37
--------··
11
6
6
3
1
2
21
20
2
6
12
35
4
35
2
8
4
6
1 ········-·
11
2
5
26
2
1
8
6
1
14
4
1
1
2
-------·-7
18_93,
[Beginning with 1893, the number of establishments and strike rs involved, and the results,-were fully
reported for each strike.]
Strikes which-
Marginal
number.
Cause or object.
Total
strikes.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
- - - 1 - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
For increase of wages .............................. . . .
Against reduction of wages ......................... . .
Against increase of hours without increase of wages ..
Against working overtime .......................... . .
For reduction of hours with present or increased •
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc. , of wage payments ... .
For or against modification of conditions of work ... .
Against piecework .............................. . .... .
For piecework ..................... ... ........... .. ... .
For or against modification of shop rules .... . .. ..... .
For abolition or reduction of fines ................... .
Against discharge of workmen and for their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees .............. ..... .
For limitation of number of apprentices ............. .
In sympathy with strike elsewhere.... .. ....... .. .... .
Other causes ......................................... .
374
67
m84
126
23
m l(l.5
13
22
13
13
11
16
22
4
1
111
49
48
20
4
3
2
1
3
3
31
4
14
2
5
10
17
47
2
4
9
4
10
34
47
22
5
20 .
7
4 .......... ······· .. .
11
4
4
1
Not including establishments in 10 strikes, not reported .
Not including establishments in 9 strikes, of which 3 succeeded, 4 succeeded partly, and 2 failed.
Not including strikers in 1 strike, not reported.
d Not including strikers in 1 strike which failed .
t1 Not including establishments in 2 strikes, not reported.
f Not including establishments in 2 strikes which succeeded partly.
g Not including establishments in 1 strike, not reported.
a
b
c
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6
4
7
2
845
CHAP. IV.-;-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNT~IES .
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
1892.
Estab li shment s in
Estabwhich strikelishments
in
Total es- strikes
tablishfor
Suements.
Sue- ceeded
which
Failed.
results caeded. p a rtly.
were
reported.
Total
strikers.
Strikers in strikes
whichStrikers in
strikes
for which
Sueresults
Suewere
ceeded Failed.
reported. ceeded. partly.
- - - - --
--- ---
a284
()3
9
b
283
63
9
96
9
1
78
23
--------
1
25
e 26
/2()
3
15
8
1,800
4
048
4
h47
-------11
1
6
3
30
c559
C 12,624
12
12
4
6
2
7
12
C
5
4
1
1
2
26
2
1
k
1
1 ...... .. .... ....
c26,303
C 4,895
434
109
31
8
22
21
2
i 33
; 33
8
6
1
o 13
8
6
1
11
2
2
4
-------·
2
------ 7--
26,253
4,895
434
5,837
13,791
54 1
2,609
116 --------·
d
285
d559 ••••••••
12,624
2,536
-~
6,625
1,745
318
1
2
3
25 ··-· ·· -· •• ••••·••
1,800
Marg ina l
number.
25
4
1,166
349
5
440
3,840
119
6,248
6
7
8
4fJ8
498
245
150
103
5,869
5,869
476
4,115
1,278
9
5,837
741
428
2,800
Cl,057
z 5,837
741
428
2,800
977
400
502
358
99
2,800
255
4,935
158
7
10
11
12
13
14
225
322
-- -----316
------ -406
1893.
[Beginning with 1893, the number of est ablishments and strikers involved, and the results, were fully
.
reported for each strike. ]
Establishments in which strikeTotal establishFailed.
Succeeded. Succeeded
ments.
partly.
3,641
148
4
1
1, 3-18
1,402
72
1,308
45
931
31
4
--------- ------------- 1 -- ---- ------ ---·-·······
1,025
208
115
119
579
259
349
355
493
4 .... ... . . . ..
2
10
4
50
79
11
88
53
22
26
150
6S
1
Striker s in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
129,506
9, 826
450
120
25,908
343
42
2
2
3
3
4
117
48
136
2
5
43
64
53,641
5
28
8,789
21
26
18
2
303
429
1 ,622
344
...... ......
------ -- ---- ••••••••••••
132
-------- ---1 65
54,904
:J,519
62
1,1C9
44,414
7,459
Succeeded. Succeeded
p a rt ly .
22,129
1,568
29, 067
1,465
Failed.
78,310
3,793
450
Marginal
number.
3, 167
5,257
15
16
17
18
19
238
1,224
2,497
4,060
70
12
132
226
953
45,429
46,456
1,899
50
037
43,950
5,282
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
5,996
895
1,898
27
277
429
642
106
28
29
30
31
--------- -------------120
17,484
5,715
4,388
1,550
----------120
----- --- ---- ---------- --
-----------·
-. . -- ----- -- --- . -------980
-----------64
84
.26
h Not including establishments in 1 strike which failed.
Not including establishments in 3 strikes, not reported.
; Not including establishments in 3 strikes, of which 2 succeeded and 1 failed .
i
k Not including strikers in 2 strikes, not r eported.
z Not including strikers in 2 strikes which succeeded.
m One strike was counted twice for the reason that 2 of the establishments involved succeeded and 1
failed.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
846
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905- Continued.
18940
Strikes which-
Marginal
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
Dllln-
ber.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
- - -1- - -- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
For increase of wages .............. .. ................. .
Against reduction of wages .. . . ....................... .
For increase of hours . . ........ .. ........... . ...... . .. .
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wage p a yments .... .
For or against modification of conditions of work .... .
Against piecework ............. . ..... . .............. . .
g ;~~ ~~~ftt~!t~~~tu~~r~~n~fJ~~F. ~~e·s·.··_ ·.:::::::::: :
10 Against discharge of workmen and for their reinstate11
12
13
14
ment.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees ........ . .......... .
For limitation of mllllber of apprentices ............. .
In sympathy with strike elsewhere: .................. .
179
80
3
37
18
69
28
2 ......... .
73
34
1
30
12
6
9
33
9
8
4
8
4
2
2
3
2
6
3
3
4
6
·5
19
50
14
2
34
11
28
5
12
3
19
2
3
1 . . . . . . . .. .
4
2 ······· . .. .... ......
2
1
1 ................... .
1895.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
For increase of wages ..... '. ......... ................. .
Against reduction of wages .... .............. ........ . .
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wage payments .... .
For or against modification of conditions of work ... .
.Against piecework .......... . .... .................... .
For or against modification of shop rules .. ... .. ..... .
For abolition or reduction of fines .................... .
.Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
:F or discharge of female employees ................... .
For limitation of number of apprentices ............. .
Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and a id funds.
Other causes ......................................... .
196
57
49
a13
23
21
28
13
48
78
a13
a30
7
19
7
14
6
7
al8
35
12
29
a7
1
4
2
1
2
a3
56
16
5
10
19
10
2
3
3·
3 .. ...... . . ..........
70
15
3
2
1
3
3 ·•···•···· ...•••....
11
1
8
1896.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
For increase of wages ...... .. ..........................
Against reduction of wages ...........................
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wage payments .... .
For or against modification of conditions of work.....
Against piecework.....................................
For or against modification of shop rules ....... ......
For abolition or reduction of fines ....................
Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees ....................
For limitation of number of apprentices ..............
Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
Other causes ..... ...... .................. .. ... ... ... ..
a Not including 1 strike pending March 1, 1896.
b
247
57
53
44
23
17
68
14
6
126
20
21
34
26
21
24
26
37
15
10
4
11
9
3
6
3
1
1
7
2
13
13
16
12
54
15
2
37
10
10
13
5 --- ------ 4 ---------5
3
24
8
Not including 1 establishment in which strike was pending March 1, 1896.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
10
32
"5
6
5
13
847
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
1894.
Establishments in which strikeTotal establish- Succeeded. Succeeded
ments.
partly.
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
Failed .
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
ao, 100
61
215
83
17
105
9,261
736
2,380
7,664
3,620
430
1,044
2
34
5
3
4
10
34
138
2
3
5
37
651
6,342
827
329
994
5,221
198
1,486
324
53
103
662
16
2
35
6,187
1,601
1
----- -------
4
2
223
32
30
30
1, 109
161
19
311
290
50
2
145
41
221
12
8
11
50
5
49
5
2
2
53
5
2
1
604
28
---- --------
3
-----------1
------- -- --- ..............
---- -- ------
-----------30
F ailed .
Marginal
number.
16,602
2,979
6,434
2,662
306
951
1
2
3
4
116
316
288
128
507
2,551
337
4,540
215
148
384
2,008
5
6
7
8
9
10
210
4, 376
11
193
32
12
13
14
---- --- ----385
-------·---------- -----
. ..... ...... ..............
1895.
896
59
476
180
14
170
434
13
83
b
b
13
4
2
1
2
282
31
223
28,866
3,204
6,106
4,224
r682
3,602
15,781
c842
777
8,861
Cl,649
1,121
15
16
17
2,678
4,862
1, 051
1,500
1,819
5,217
1,734
1,109
32
208
502
d938
610
2,707
500
35
55
d747
3.14
1,046
519
1,257
1,262
d 3,520
18
19
20
21
22
23
4,953
1,318
837
2,798
24
52
21
25
26
27
b
80
37
54
19
12
42
60
17
2
3
3
b 18
b3
7
16
50
15
7
b 20
61
18
5
38
3
6
29
3
----------------- -----1
5 -- ---------29 ------------ ------------
42
2
1
52
185
378
39
----------------------164
378
--------···----------·· ---- -- ------
471
85
142
244
28
1896.
1,705
121
1,205
216
39
195
1,076
57
132
413
25
878
28,341
5, 902
4,481
4, 081
3, 029
1,290
11,835
1,749
379
12,425
1,124
2,812
29
30
31
215
32
72
54
38
3
1
1
7
2
123
19
67
21
21
43
7,043
5,970
2,035
1, 946
3,770
4,838
2,907
1,3::.6
124
573
740
111
755
2,164
49
160
901
125
3,381
2,490
1,862
1,213
2,129
4,602
32
33
34
35
36
37
252
5,128
38
86
175
2,344
39
40
41
908
42
l(j
37
48
4
23
9
3
45
55
15
2
38
7,529
2,149
50
58
1 2
45
48
29
------ -·----
5
10
123
1,627
1,017
3,647
1,541 -----------842 ............
439
864
770
7
37
3, 016
1,044
c
d
----- ------30
726
1, 064
ot including 31 strikers engaged in strike pending March 1, 1896.
Not including 12 strikers engaged in strike peBding March 1, 1896.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
'848
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR .
. CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
1897.
Strikes which-
Marginal
number.
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
Succeeded .
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
---1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
For increase of wages .................................
Against reduction of wages ...........................
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
R elating to time, method, etc., of wage payments . ...
For or against modification of conditions of work ....
Against piecework ...................... : .............
For or against modification of shop rules .............
For abolition or reduction of fines ...... ... ..... .. ....
Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
For discha rge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees ....................
For limitation of number of apprentices . .. ..... : .... .
Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
•
Other causes ........ . ........... ........ ............ ..
184
39
27
34
82
10
11
9
9
33
33
10
13
16
3
3
1
4
1
1
5
6
3
16
16
6
4
8
22
43
5
12
9
31
68
18
9
6
32
3 . ---. - . -.. ---·-----3
1
1
11
4
4
;3
1
·3
2
2
78
24
12
5
1898 ,
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2G
27
28
For increase of wages .................................
Against reduction of wages .. . . ..... ..... . . . . .........
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
R elating to time, method, etc., of wage payments ....
For or against modification of conditions of work ....
Against piecework ....................................
For or a~ainst modification of shop rules .............
For abolition or reduction of fines ........ ............
A1i~11~tJnr:~~~a;{fgrofh:~r~:~~le°:i~~{~' or superinFor discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees ....................
•.'or limitation of number of apprentices .... .. .. _.....
Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
Other causes .......................... . ...............
• 168
55
28
32
16
10
58
39
33
14
29
13
29
16
12
8
12
4
5
8
9
1
7
3
2
15
12
5
32
7
5
20
4
4
12
1 -···-----·
1
2
2
5
1
5
14
4
2
8
422
45
101
99
168
11
10
155
24
37
73
38
10
15
6
10
6
22
3
18 9 9 ,
29
30
31
32
33
34
•35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
For increase of wages ............................. ... .
Against reduction of wages ....... .............. ......
For reduction of hours with present or increa ed
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wage payments ....
For or against modification of conditions of work ....
Against piecework ....................................
For or a~ainst modification of shop rules .............
For abolition or reduction of fines ....................
Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen; or superintendents.
For discharge of female employees ...... ... ... .. ... . ..
For limitation of number of apprentices .... . .........
Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
Other causes ... . ...................... .. .... . .........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
49
19
36
48
19
58
8
12
6
13
85
13
5
1 . ...... ...
84
5G
17
4
16
13
18
1
8
3
22
21
10
16
10
10
35
17
55
---------14
4
1
14
G
7
849
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AN'D LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continue.d.
1897,
Establishments in which strikeTotal established
ments.
Succeeded. Succeed
F ai led .
partly.
Strikers in strikes whichTotal
strikers.
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly .
Marginal
number.
F a il d.
62
685
208
15
154
1,101
19
466
139
28
65
47,895
2,712
5,714
16,442
401
2,450
21, 392
1,882
2,070
10,061
429
1,194
1
525
62
32
12
9
403
477
30
43
3
4
6
5
3
1 ••••••••••••
374
3
18
16
22
4
8
26
11,888
4,793
523
1,430
1,635
10,285
10,232
423
2,915
846
81
111
456
791
205 --------··-·
1,415
1,168
1,233
1,032
331
183
1,4W
7,702
4
5
6
6
41
7,179
4,9C0
10
3 ···-······· - . . ..........
1
1
8
86
67
10
3
6
9
169
1,819
23
453
35
1, 320
4
111
46
11
12
13
523
2,813
8
700
2,105
14
1,448
52
531
5
1
7
1,841
378
48 ······------ · ····· ·· ·---
2
3
7
8
9
1898,
,
1,524
194
240
176
131
168
1, 106
19
20
242
44
52
35,851
5,869
3,478
4,235
2,404
1,350
24,513
1,715
979
7,103
1,750
1,149
15
16
171
115
111
31
14
33
57
21
91
93
79
1
7
2
2
21
15
19
10
7
26
5, 906
5,055
1,127
3,862
2,670
2, 097
3,800
2,776
891
2,208
785
316
952
1, 738
58
761
1,145
66
1,154
541
178
893
740
1,715
18
19
20
21
22
23
644
2,097
24
89
22
773
25
26
27
14
5
5
32
7
5
20
3,842
1,101
4
17
112
1
8
96
--------- --8
11
3
1
5
93
333
2,129
4 ··········-·
140
171
120
1,236
719
4
681
34
44, 496
17
513
16,515
27,468
28
1899.
3,457
59
1,306
438
11
432
1,971
24
640
1,048
24
234
136, 572
2,989
32,290
20, 239
1,366
10,520
84,261
683
18,274
32,072
940
3,496
29
30
31
608
200
32
76
83
198
168
5
27
42,735
11,924
2,616
5,598
8,133
13,632
16,839
1,982
736
1, 305
4,968
23, 266
7,084
51
2,393
494
2,956
2,630
2, 58
1,666
2,46!)
6,334
5,708
32
33
34
35
36
37
27,642
11,168
6,227
10, 247
28
339
224
114
236
20
67
86
13
12
210
24
33
126
11
42
13
17
56
6
3
4
899
5
1
1,116
1
4
39
40
535
79
50'2
6,931
41
545
6
23
516
7, 4
42
1 ...... .. ... .
309B-07-54
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
850
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE. BY YEARS. 1890 TO 1905~Continued.
1900.
Strikes which-
Mar-
ginal
n umber.
Total
strikes.
Cause or object.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
Failed.
- --- ---- ----
For increase of wages . ....... ...... _..................
Against reduction of wages ...........................
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
4 Relating to time, method, etc., of wage payments ....
5 For or against modification of conditions of work ....
6 Against piecework ....... ......... ..... . ....... .. .....
7 For or against modification of shop rules .............
8 For abolition or reduction of fine3 _... _... ____________
_9_ Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
10 For discharge of workmen, forem en, or superintendents.
11 For discharge of female employees ____________________
12 For limitation of number of apprentices ______________
13 Relating to deduction from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
14 Other causes . _... ___ .. ___ . ______ __. ___ .____ . ___ ... __. _.
1
2
3
580
66
113
32
100
44
57
42
26
42
37
25
14
6
15
13
249
21
24
218
13
32
12
7
3
12
8
11
20
21
17
15
16
54
11
61
89
24
104
32
3
1
39
1
1
29
43
22
7
14
60
105
18
109
18
40
2
-----------------3- --------;,-1
1901.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2:-l
24
2-5
26
27
28
For increase of wages_ . ____ . ____ ______________ ____ ____
Against reduction of wages _____ . ____________________ _
For reduction of h ours with present or increased
wages.
Relating·to time, method, etc., of wage payments ______
For or against modification of conditions of work ____
Against piecework. __ ____________ . _____________________
For or against modification of shop rules __ . ______ . ___
For abolition or reduction of fines._. _. ___ . __ . ________
°fh:i~~~:r.;.fi~~!~'
A~:~d~~fs\s~~a;fir
or snperinFo1.> discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents .
Against employment of women __ ._. __________________
For limitation of number of apprentices_ ._. __ . _______
Reta.ting to deductions from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
Other causes .. _. __ .. _.... . ________________ . ______ _____
274
51
69
46
32
l6
n
18
19
9
4
11
8
10
1
7
6
19
12
41
10
~8
13
11
14
62
12
4
9
72
14
1
4
21
1
1
12
3
6
4.'l
12
8
25
256
51
34
18
97
25
3
108
24
13
4
3
8
2
12
9
14
2
3
4
6
22
13
12
9
24
39
9
3
27
4
5
6
---------1
1
4
----- ----
2
2
2
35
14
4
17
33
19
9
------------------1
2
1902.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
4.2
For increase of wages_ . _.. .. ___ . _. _. __ .. _... _. ___ . ___ .
Against reduction of wages. ___ . ____________ . ___ ______
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, m ethod, etc., of wa~e payments ___ .
For or against modification of condit10ns of work ____
Against piecework_ .. ____ ___ _________ ____ ______ __ ____ __
For or a~9:inst modi1ic9:tion of shop rules._ ... ________
For abol1t10n or red nct10n of fines __ . ___________ . _____
.Against discharie of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and or their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
Against employment of women_. _____________________
For limitation of number of apprentices __ __ . __ ,___ ___ _
Relating to deductions from wages for the support of
insurance and aid funds.
Other catisP.s ....... __ . _. ____________ . ___ . ___ . _. _. _____
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
83
38
36
40
18
23
Hi
42
17
14
3
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
851
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRA~CE, BY YEARS, 1890 TO 1905-Continued.
1900.
Establishments in which strikeTotal establishSucceeded. Succeeded
F a iled .
ments.
partly.
Striker s in strikes whichTota l
strikers.
Succeeded . Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
Marginal
number.
9,414
194
5,153
722
63
1,324
6,966
94
3,214
1,726
37
615
178,857
13,146
78,512
37,893
4,046
23,925
· 92,070
6,697
35,448
48,894
2,403
19,1::9
1
2
3
517
268
1,138
78
37
121
102
100
84
15
13
28
349
143
143
24
8
18
66
25
911
39
16
75
11,666
39,913
16,108
9,274
8,039
24,818
4,769
6,810
859
1,803
2,no
13,958
2,919
29,902
585
4,268
1,621
4,430
3,978
3,201
14,664
3,203
3,688
6,430
4
5
6
7
8
9
145
32
11
102
14,226
3,234
·3,254
7,738
10
5,053
40
14,394
13 -.. -. -. - ... 40 -----·-·····
8,775
100
5,040
5,519
11
12
13
72
1
S26
168
71
1- - - - - . - . - . - - 1 ------------ --------- --257
55
14
66 .
76
26
18,278
------------
15,633
1,071
1,574
14
1901.
6,397
90
4,732
446
37
238
1, 140
35
99
4,811
18
4,395
76,508
4,876
41,872
5,290
1,357
3,446
29, 121
2,002
1, 194
42,097
1, 517
37,232
15
16
17
343
367
329
4,152
19
85
145
32
159
273
4
15
58
259
51
7
6
12
140
76
119
3,872
9
58
12,128
4,891
3,605
'36,543
3,489
7, 143
2,928
1,842
1,181
3,006
730
570
976
1,934
116
9,935
1,674
1,806
8,224
1,115
2,208
23,602
1,085
4,767
18
19
20
21
22
23
3,935
29
13
3,893
34,561
1,777
3,668
29,116
24
1
7
204
523
1 ------------ ------- ----1
2
4
124
27
53
10
209
3,147
260
15,893
85
178
10 ...... ... ...
112
39
212
2,590
-----------58
345
25
26
27
1,441
2, 095
12,357
28
1902.
1,177
150
479
165
47
166
706
78
47
306
25
266
146, 907
14,292
134,015
5,793
2, 454
1,813
131,327
10,481
8,040
9,787
1, 357
124, 162
29
30
31
293
208
21
54
15
47
62
4
5
19
2
17
62
66
2
23
4
6
169
138
14
12
9
24
118,702
11,559
1,531
6,901
1,650
~,577
1,554
221
142
546
110
2,656
963
3,705
576
5,626
749
389
116, 185
7,633
813
729
791
2,532
32
33
34
35
36
37
41
10
3
28
4, 161
1, 752
1
18
20
2
2
21, ·········--·
21
1
24
22
273
········ •• ... -
53
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
216
281 -----------188
3
895
985
134,429
14,725
410
1,999
38
140
141
141
44
90
39
40
41
1,926
117,778
42
------------
852
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Concluded.
1903.
Marginal
number.
Strikes whichCause or object.
Total
strikes.
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
Failed.
---1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
For increase of wages .................. . _...... _.. __ ..
Against reduction of wages ................... __ . _... _
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wage pafments ....
For or against modification of conditions o work .....
Against piecework ............. ... ...... ..... ..... _...
For or a~3:inst modific3:tion of shop rules._ .. . __ ... _..
For aboltt10n or reduction of fi nes _. ____ ._.... _.. ... . _.
Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superin~
tendents, and fo-r their reinsta~ement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
Against employment of women .............. . ........
For limitation of number of apprentices ........ ......
Relating to deductions from wages for the support
.
of insurance and aid funds.
Other causes ...... ....................................
284
58
57
,52
21
34
19
77
21
22
4
7
1
20
69
9
55
6
2
11
His
110
16
66
23
18
19
28
11
12
22
16
13
18
14
4-
9
11
13
'7
44
19
41
2 ----------
'4
22
------------------10 ----------
43
14
7
591
59
192
170
19
102
252
23
37
119
53
45
64
26
127
61
14
39
18
117
37
22
~
1
1904.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
For increase of wages . . ... . .. .. ................... ... .
Against reduction of wages . .... . _............. _.... . _
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
Relating to time, method, etc., of wa~e payments. ___
For or against modification of condit10ns of work ....
Against piecework .........................,...... _....
For or against modification of shop rules ...... _..... _
For abolition or reduction of fines __. __ .......... _.. _.
A{!~d~~f~:~1:ctfir°fh:~rr~~~~;ifi~~~f~' or superiuFor discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
AgaiJ?-s~ employment of women ..... _. .................
For hm1tat10n of number of apprentices ..............
Relating to deductions from wages for the support
of insurance and aid funds.
Other causes .......... ·....... _.. . __ .... _. . . _... __ .. _..
2
4
).8
19
9
8
9
3
10
31
10
2 ---------2
2
13
106
44
471
41
133
113
133
56
67
67
26
142
61
129
I
169
17
53
39
30
27
24
13
70
58
---------5
22
40
225
11
47
133
13
38
33
26
13
13
7
9
23
46
2)!
33
34
7
86
32
23
74
...
1905.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
For increase of wages ......... ... .............. _. .. ___
Against reduction of wages ............ _..... _... _. . _.
For reduction of hours with present or increased
wages.
'
Relating to time method, etc., of wage payments_. __ .
For or against modification of conditions of work. __ .
Against piecework ....................................
For or a~ainst modificati.on of shop rules .. ...... .. ...
For abolition or reduction of fines. __ ._ .... _......... .
Against discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents, and for their reinstatement.
For discharge of workmen, foremen, or superintendents.
For limitation of number of apprentices. ____ ... _._ ...
Relating to deductions from wages for the support
of insurance and aid funds.
Other causes ..... . . _..... ..... _.. _. ___ .. __ .. __ . _.. ___ .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
17
48
19
21
26
10
7
16
2 ..........
10
3
58
12
11
5
3
35
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
853
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN FRANCE, BY YEARS, 1894 TO 1905-Conclud~d.
1903 .
Establishments in which strikeTotal establi hSucceeded. Succeeded
Failed.
ments.
partly.
I
Strikers in strike:; whichTotal
strikers.
Mar-
gina!
Succeeded. Succeeded
partly.
num-
Failed.
ber.
2,362
100
1,196
530
46
432
1,375
34
449
457
20
315
86,595
6,522
12,023
6,448
2,840
4, 415
70,618
2,741
2,691
9,529
941
4,917
1
2
3
449
298
12-5
42
19
112
169
84
23
12
1
22
79
109
4
12
11
16
201
105
98
18
7
74
8,963
12,228
5,670
4, 038
2,906
11,100
4,328
5,157
271
1,284
220
2,824
1,930
4,327
4,367
828
1,973
1,877
2,705
2,744
1,032
1,926
713
6,399
4
5
6
7
8
9
104
43
19
42
10,145
2,189
2,799
5,157
10
38
105
56
11
2
13
24 ..............
28
12 -··········· ............
61
60 .............
436
211
53
4
12
1
172
775
737 . ...........
• 105 ------------ -----·-·····
3,000
2,944 -----------12,230
4,388
1,799
6,043
I
14
1904.
14,487
142
10,309
4,274
71
4,177
9,276
54
5,266
937
17
866
184, 721
15,484
99,732
29,871
6,430
22,241
138,994
2,933
43,657
15,856
6,121
33,834
15
16
17
1,204
392
1,331
1,194
280
4,432
455
53
40
407
159
1,123
329
173
321
601
64
3,228
420
166
530
186
57
81
34,231
13,106
10,812
18,819
16,912
69,659
10,61
2,336
2,065
7,589
4,523
9,968
3,647
2,558
2,891
6,183
4 7
39,022
10,966
,212
5,856
5,047
11,902
20,669
18
19
20
21
22
23
3,803
3,0 0
48
675
63,608
15,933
10,121
37,554
2
17
157
1,913
2 ----········ ·········--·
14 -···········
3
101 ............
56
279
1,015
619
45
253
11,161
"35,895
45 -··········· ........... .
212 ............
41
10,314
847 -------·----
24
25
26
27
9,700
5,876
20,310
28
1905 .
4,099
143
2,668
791
110
1,018
2,997
18
1,207
311
15
443
123,972
5,396
52,91
13,941
2,011
20,947
92,502
1,305
27,019
17,529
2,080
4,952
29
30
31
947
294
1,086
577
191
434
490
85
621
405
166
51
278
125
284
92
14
50
179
84
181
80
11
333
31, 721
14,673
34,382
33,649
21,241
40,337
11,749
2,459
22,421
16,999
15,334
4,392
6,515
9,254
3,923
8,917
3,341
5,487
13,457
2,960
8,038
7,733
2,566
30,458
32
33
34
35
36
37
273
42
52
179
53,622
11,145
29,629
38
141
3
10,961
5,621
4,544
4,355
6,417
499
39
40
403
34,979
7,806
10,603
41
277
342
136
334
627
124
-----------5
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
100
12,84
--- --- -----767
16,570
854
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
GERMANY.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in Germany were compiled
from the seven annual reports thus far published.. They cover strikes
and lockouts occurring in the various industries of the Empire.
The strikes and lockouts are considered separately in the German
reports, and therefore in the present compilation the :figures given
represent strikes and lockouts ending. in each year.
The two following tables give a summary of the more important
facts published in relation to strikes and lockouts, respectively, in
Germany for the years 1899 to 1905:
STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY YEARS, 1899 'l'O 1905.
[The column headed " Strikers" sh ows the maximum number of strikers at a ny time during strike.]
.
Year.
Strikes.prdered
or assisted by
labo r organizations.
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
SueSue- ceeded
Failed.
ceeded. partly.
Num- Number afber
fected . clo..,ed.
No.
Yes.
Establishments.
Employees
before
strike.
Other
employee
Strikers. throw s
n
out of
,vork.
--- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 1899 ....
1900 ....
1901. ...
1902 ....
1903 ....
1904 ....
1905 . . ..
331
275
200
228
300
449
528
1,288
1,433
1,056
1, 060
1, 374
1,870
2,403
Total. 10,484 1~
429
505
285
235
444
688
971
528,
653
571
597
630
733
904
744
869
650
644
944
1,381
1,806
544
564
406
416
430
489
597
7,121
7,740
4,561
3,437
7, 000
10,321
14,481
3, 557
4,616
7,038
3,446
54,661
- -- -- -- -- -
1,890
2,733
1,178
849
1,634
2,101
3,665
256,858
99,338
122,803
298,819
141,220 - 55,262
131,086
53, 912
198,636
85,603
273,364
113,480
776, 984
408,145
14,050 2,076,967
938,543
10, 122
9, 00 7
7, 420
6, 27 2
13,81 1
6, 788
12, 01 5
65, 43 5
LOCKOUTS IN GERMANY, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 1905.
[The column headed ''Employee~ l ocked out" shows the maximum number of employees l ocked out
at any time during lockout.]
.Establishment s.
Locko,uts whichYear.
Total
lockouts
Sueending
each year. ceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
Failed.
Numbrr
affected.
--- --- -----1899 .......
1900 .......
1901 .......
1902 .......
1903 .......
1904 .......
1905 .......
23
35
35
46
70
120
254
Totll l . ..
583
6
13
Total
Other
ememployees Employ- ployees
estab- ees locked thrown
umber in lishout.
out of
closed.
ments
work.
affected.
---
30
36
44
65
9
17
8
7
15
33
147
8
5
11
9
19
43
42
427
607
238
948
l , 714
1,115
3,859
356
192
60
63
433
435
834
8,290
22,462
7,980
18,705
52,541
36,312
188,526
2]0
2::16
137
8,908
2,373
334,816
16
5,298
9,085
5,414
10,305
35,273
23,760. ,
118, 665
1,728
226
95
207
835
l,452
3, 739
-------
207,800
1
8,282
During the seven-year period from 1899 to 1905 there were 10,484
strikes, affecting 54)661 establishments, 938,543 strikers, and 65,435
other employees who were thrown out of work on account of the
strikes. Of the strikes 2,311, or 22.1 per cent succeeded, 3,557, or
33.9 per cent, succeeded partly, and 4,616, or 44.0 per cent failed; 7,038
were ordered or assisted by labor organzations. Of the establishments affected, 14,050 were entirely. closed as a result of the strikes.
During the same period there were 583 lockouts which ended,
affecting 8,908 establishments, 207,800 employees locked out, and
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
855
8,282 other employees thrown out of work on ~ccount of the lockouts. Of the lockouts, 210, or 36.0 per cent, succeeded; 236, or 40.5
per cent, succeeded partly, and 137, or 23 .5 per cent, failed. Of the
establishments affected, 2,373 were entirely closed as a result of the
lockouts.
The following table shows, by groups of industries, the number and
results of stri.kes, the number of establishments and strikers involved,
and the number of other employees thrown out of work on account
of strikes during each year from 1899 to 1905:
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY. BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1899 TO 1905.
[The column he:1ded "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any tim during strike.]
Strikes which-
Industry a nd year.
Other
Et b
employl
I Sue1f
Strikers. thee
ros'~'n
stT?ta
nkes. Sue- ceed ed Failed. ments.
"
•
~v~\~~
cooded. partly.
s:- -
Gardening, florist, a nd nursery tra des:
1899............... . ..................
1 ........ ........
1
1
4
l\!0:J... . . .............................
1
1 ........
1
20
1901.... . ... . .........................
4 ........
4 ........
38
126
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1 ........ ........
5
31
1903. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .... . . . .
7
1
2
4
184
1,328 ........ ..
1904 ...................................... . . .. ................................. . ................. .
1905....... . . . .................. . .....
9
1
5
3
125
370
Total ...... . ...................... .
23
3
12
8
354
1,879
Mining, metallurgica l, salt, etc.:
1899 ................................. .
1900 ......... . ....................... .
1901 ................................. .
1902 .............. '. .................. .
1903 ................................. .
1904 ................................. .
1905 ................................. .
30
56
21
14
12
20
44
3
3
3
1
3
3
6
13
26
8
4
6
10
23
14
27
10
9
3
7
15
52
103
25
16
13
23
282
10,027
14, 735
2,118
2,572
2,005
5,196
231,453
442
631
562
254
49
281
972
85
514
268,106
3,191
45
49
237
179
174
94
251
346
5,919
5.395
3; 201
2,185
3,190
6,511
5,751
224
283
2, 217
677
375
958
8,3
J~~~ 1,447
37, 152
5, 607
9,609
3, 945
3, 201
2, 761
11, 099
8, 438
12,159
246
1,047
145
445
7, 424
727
908
Total. ................. . .......... .
197
22
90
Quarrying,·products of stone, clay, glass,
etc.:
1899 ................................. .
1900 ................................. .
1901 ................................. .
11:102 ................................. .
1903 .......... .. .. . .................. .
1904 ........ : ..... . .................. .
1905 ........... · · ·············.· ...... .
105
99
102
68
74
95
121
23
23
21
13
14
20
32
.37
27
15
20
24
34
43
66
35
36
41
46
166
Total......................... . ....
664
Metal working:
1899..................................
1900..................................
1901.... . .............................
1902... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903 .................... •..............
1904 ..... :. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .
1905................................. .
140
89
98
68
150
153
187
29
8
13
14
25
36
32
44
27
19
22
35
50
67
88
699
329
594
258
1, 483
734
1, 607
Total............. . ............. . ..
885
157
264
464
5, 704
51 , 212
10, 942
45
66
38
48
75
76
160
7
11
5
10
12
8
29
18
19
14
9
24
33
20
36
19
29
39
35
59
116
200
54
58
79
164
331
3, 736
7,395
5,042
2,516
4,866
5,978
19,502
563
207
102
67
232
255
368
508
82
Machinery, instruments, apparatus, etc.:
1899............ . .................... .
1900 .... . ............................. •
1901..................................
1902... .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903..................................
1904..................................
1905..................................
72
67
54
66
32
90
67
- - - 1 - - - 1 -- - -1 --
• 'l'otal
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
189 1
237
1,002
49,035
~-
1,794
856
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR,
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY INDU STRIES AND YEARS, 1899 'l'O 1905Continue<l .
Strikes whichIndustry and year.
-
• Total
strikes. c!~<;;d.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1- - - 1 - --
Chemical products:
1899 ........... . : . .......... · · ... · · .. ·
1900 ••• ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1901 .. ... ........ .. .... . ............. .
1902 ................................. .
1903 .... ..... .... .. .. .. .............. .
1904 ...... .... ........ .. ............. .
1905: ...... . ... .. ............. . ······ ·
Total ... .......................... .
Sue-
~:ifff.
Other
employees
E1f!:~- Strike~s.
thrown
Failed. ments.
out of
work.
- - - - -- - - - -- - - --
4
2
4
8
4
1
1 ·····-·· ........
14
4
3
24
5
7
9
3
2
3
3
1
7
12
6
1
14
27
19
307
559
227
16
449
1,584
541
64
34
77
3,683
--- --10
--- ---
20
4
8
4
Oil, fat, soap, gas, etc.:
1899 ...... ....... ....... : . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2 ........
2
5
103
30
1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1
3
4
8
507
15
1901..................................
2 ........ ........
2
3
250
3
1902..................................
2
1 ........
1
2
50 ......... .
1903 ............................................... .. ....................... ..... . . .............. .
1904.... . .............................
2 ........
1
1
2
138
1905..................................
9 ........
4
5
11
438
56
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - -1- - - -1- - - ·-
Total ............................. .
27
4
8
15
31
1,486
104
Textiles:
1899 ..................... · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
1900 ........................... . ..... .
1901 .... ......................... .... .
1902 .............. . ............. . .... .
1903 ..... ·········· .. .. ... ... · ....... .
1904 ................................. .
1905 . .. .. . . ..................... ·. · · · ·
104
73
58
101
62
29
86
22
12
11
22
10
5
16
49
25
18
28
22
11
36
33
36
29
51
30
13
34
169
138
83
117
78
33
158
11,088
6,928
3,085
7,569
6,881
3,159
12,526
2, 156
1,053
923
322
762
514
546
513
98
189
226
776
51,236
6,276
9
20
1
2
1
7
7
11
7
17
90
224
3,362
1
14
4
11
172
Total ............................. .
--- ---
Paper:
1899 . . .. ......... .... ... . ............ .
1900 ... ········ .. . ................... .
1901. ................... · · · · · .. · · · .. · ·
1902 ....... . ......................... .
1903 . .................... . ........... .
1904 .•..... . ··•·••••· .••.. ·•••··•·••••
1905 ............ ····· . . ......... . .... .
4
16
21
27
2
2
4
1
6
6
9
8
13
14
8
34
86
67
35
445
2,144
1, 449
11
81
Total. ...... . . ..•......... •.•.••••••
108
11
34
63
313
7,831
107
Leather:
1899 . . .... •. ····•·····•···•·····•·•· .•
1900 ..... .... ...... ······ ............ .
1901 ................. .. .............. .
1902 . . ... ................ . ...... ·· ·· ··
1903 ................ ... .............. .
1904 .................... : ...... . . ... . .
1905 ....... .......................... .
39
44
43
20
35
37
76
11
9
12
3
6
13
15
13
19
11
91
225
164
161
250
279
838
1,489
2,462
1, 764
611
1,058
926
4,674
55
10
8
39
15
16
20
11
19
16
22
5
1
23
Total ..... .................... .... .
294
69
106
119
2,008
12,984
169
Wood working, carved materials, etc .:
1899 ............................... .. .
1900............. . ....................
1901....... ... . ... ....... .............
1902........ ........ .. . ............ .. .
1903................. . ....... .... .. . . .
1904. .... . ... ... .... .. .. ... .. ..... . ...
1905... .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
154
197
113
135
195
395
372
50
34
27
20
41
114
75
50
28
28
66
, 154
163
54
92
58
87
88
127
134
1,228
2,232
187
218
636
1,204
2,122
8,541
21,257
2,491
3,54.4
6,168
13,395
17, 939
210
237
104
74
155
206
318
1,561
361
560
640
7,827
73,335
1,304
'l'otal................ ... ...........
11
------
6
71
3
85
===l===I
Foods a nd drinks (including tobacco):
1899... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . .
1900..... ....... .... .. ... .. .. . . . . . ... .
1901.... ........... . ..................
1902 . .... . ... .. ........ . ..... .. .......
1903..................... .. . . .. .. .....
1904.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ... .. .
1905 .......................... , ... ... .
53
77
69
35
40
74
54
8
16
10
5
7
18
7
.. 16
28
19
7
14
29
18
29
33
40
23
19
27
29
501
310
303
57
129
2,730
574
3,040
3,014
3,554
1,128
1, 291
7,746
5,380
176
15
19
198
38
. 39
42
Tota l............................. .
402
71
131
200
I 4,604
25,153
527
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP, IV,-STRIKES AND LOOKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
857
RESULTS OF STRiKES IN GERMANY, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1899 TO 1905-Continued .
Strikes which-
Industry and y~ar.
Total
strikes.
Other
employEsta~
ees
lish- Strikers.
thrown
Sue- ceeded
Sue- Failed. ments.
ceeded
out
of
• partly.
work.
I
-
- - -- - - - -
--- ------
Wearing apparel, cleaning, etc.:
1899 .... . ..... . . .......... ············
1900 ...................... ············
1901 ................................. .
1902 . ....... ... . ..... .............. .. .
1903 ...................... . ......... · ·
1904 ................................. .
1P05 ..................... .. . .. ....... .
64
73
67
60
75
72
171
26
16
12
23
21
17
29
21
37
24
20
30
29
98
17
20
31
17
24
26
44
671
636
991
409
943
366
1,928
4,946
7,584
4,593
2,070
4,309
3,596
25,195
212
375
507
17
90
17
758
Total ............................. .
582
144
259
179
5,944
52, 293
1,976
471
496
378
467
520 ·
742
865
128
• 121
77
105
133
182
228
157
158
111
85
176
265
316
186
217
190
277
211
295
321
3,129
2,869
1,860
1, 997
2,744
4, 118
5,408
36,554
33,074
18,971
27,330
35, 491
49, 615
59,893
5,660
4,329
2, 801
4,175
4, 632
3, 697
6,612
1,2681
1,697
22,125
260, 928
31,906
10
14
2
5
13
15
15
18
16
8
7
31
32
47
434
307
184
279
1, 168
569
1,332
3
10
7
58
74
159
4, 273
95
Building trades:
1899 ••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••
1900 ................................. .
1901 .................. , .............. .
1902 . . .. .................... ........ . .
1003 ........ . ........ .... .......... .. .
1904 •••••••..•• ·•• • ·•••• •• ••••• •••• ••·
1905 ••••••••••• ••• •·•••••••••••••••••••
Total ............................. .
3,939
974
Printing:
lSW .... .. .... . .. ....... ............ . .
1900 .•.. . ... : . ........• .. • · · • · · · · · · · · ·
1901 ................................. .
1902 ....... ............ . .. .. .. ....... .
1903 ............................... · · ·
1904 ••• •• •••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••
1905 ••• •••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •••
13
16
8
7
22
23
39
3
2
2
4
3
11
5
5
13
128
25
29
Total ...... ......... .......... . ... .
Art trades:
1899 ••• ••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••
1900 ••••• ••••• •••••••••••••••• ••••••••
1901 ........ ....... .................. .
1902 ............. ... ................. .
1903 ................................. .
1904 ................................. .
1905 ..•. .. ... ········· ... ······ • ·····.
Total ............................. .
Commerce:
1899 ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1900 ... ·············· ................ .
1901 .... .... .. ... ....... .. ........... .
1902 .......... : . ..................... .
1903 •••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
1904 ................................. .
1905 ... ........... : .................. .
Total ............................. .
2
4
---------
17
= = = l = = =f===Jo===t-===l=====l====
2 . --- . - ..
5
4 -- ---- -3
1
1
7
4
2
4
------ 2------- -5
1
2
2
4
2
1
1
2
9
6
5
3
19
35
10
78
127
29 ••••••••• •
17
168
102
41
14
87
562
9
21
12
1,353
3,016
760
520
3,003
1,288
5, 575
208
2
------------
29
5
16
47
18
9
39
48
73
2
9
3
2
8
9
20
- 3
3
9
21
24
22
18
29
86
147
35
9
114
108
330
82
115
829
15,515
304
13
18
1, 861
9, 116
373
147
726
2,628
3,095
3,819
665
• 39
15
76
116
21,557
1,119
5
17
------
4
250
53
Transportation:
1899 • •••• •••••••• •••••••••••• • ••••••• •
1900 ................................. .
1901 ...... ....... .................... .
1902 •••• ••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••• •·
1903 • •• •• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1904 ................................. .
1905 ..... .... .................. . .... ·.
31
58
14
16
28
M
92
16
4
5
7
12
22
2
32
2
2
7
24
35
14
19
35
85
243
14
16
80
129
271
Total ...... . .... . ................ . .
294
74
104
116
838
8
_
8
9
58
32
6
Hotels, restaurants, etc.:
.
1899... ..... ..........................
3 ........
1
2
3
25 .. ..... . . .
1900 ..................................... · ......... · .. ····· ··· · ...... · . ... ... · ....... · · · ......... ·
1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
27 .. ....... .
1902 ............................................................................................. .
1903................................. .
2
1 ........
1
2
16 ......... .
1904 . ............. , .............................................................................. .
1905.... .... .. .... ....................
2 ........
1
1
2
49
14
Total ......................... . ... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8
2
8
117
14
858"
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1899 TO 1905Concluded.
Strikes which-
Industry and year.
Other
EstabemploySuelish- Strikers. thereoswn
stT<:>tai
nkes. Sue- ceeded Failed. ments.
out of
work.
ceeded. partly.
-----;-------------1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Other:
1899 .................................. ········ ....... · ....... · · ........................ · . ........ .
1900 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • ••• • · • • • • • · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · • · • · · • • • • • · · • • • · · · • · · · •• · ••
1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 ........ ........
3
7
94 ......... .
1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
13 ......... .
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
1
40 .. ....... .
1904 ............................................................................................. .
1905 ..................................
3
1
2
5
59
Total ....... ............ ... ....... .
8
206 ......... .
1 ..... .. .
STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY INDUS~RIES, FOR THE PERIOD 1899 TO 1005.
[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during strike.]
Strikes whichIndustry.
Gardening, florist, and nursery trades . . .
Mining, metallurgical, salt, etc ......... .
Quarrying, products of stone, clay,
glass, etc .............................. .
Metal working .......................... .
Machinery, instruments, apparatus, etc ..
Chemical pr oducts ...................... .
Oil, fat, soap, gas, etc .................. .
Textiles ............................... . . .
Paper ................................... .
Lea thor ...... : .......................... .
Wood working, carved materials, etc .. .
Foods and drinks (including tobacco) ... .
Wearing apparel, cleaning, etc . .. ... . ... .
Building trades ......................... .
I~inl!~aes::: ::: :::::::::: :::::: :: :: :::::
Commerce ............... .. . ... ......... .
Transportatiou ... ....... ........... . ... .
Hotels, restaurants, etc ................ .
Other ................. .......... ........ .
T~tal
st nkes.
SueE1!;t~- Strikers.
Sue- ceeded Failed. ments.
ceeded. partly.
23
197
3
22
12
90
8
85
354
514
1,879
268,106
664
885
508
64
27
513
108
294
1,561
402
582
3,939
128
29
250
294
146
157
82
10
200
264
189
20
8
189
34
106
560
131
259
1,268
29
10
82
104
2
318
464
237
34
15
226
63
119
640
200
179
1,697
74
14
115
116
1,447
5,704
1,002
37,152
51,212
49,035
3,683
1,486
Sl, 236
7,831
12,984
73,335
25,153
52,293
260,928
4,273
562
15,515
21,557
117
206
8
8
4
98
11
69
361
71
144
974
25
5
53
• 74
1
1
5
7
77
31
776
313
2,008
7,827
4,604
5,944
22,125
159
87
829
838
8
14
Other
employees
th rown
~o\i:
3,191
5,607
10,942
1,794
104
6,276
107
169
1,304
527
1,976
31,906
95
304
1,119
14
Total .... ... ......... . ......... . ... lo,484 2,3l1 ~ 4,61G 54,6(ll 938,543/(l5,435
In the above table the group of building trades has the largest
number of strikes and of establishments involved during the sevenyear period The group of mining, metallurgical, salt, etc., industries
shows the largest number of working people affected.
The next three tables show the number of strikes and of lockouts for
0ach year, grouped according to their duration, and the number of
strikes for the seven-year period, grouped according to duration -a nd
results, respectively.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS I N FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
859 .
STRIKES IN GERMANY; BY DURATION AND YEARS, 1899 TO 1905.
Strikes in which the day~ of duration wereTotal
strikes.
Yea r.
1899 .......
1900 . ......
1901. ... ...
1902 .......
1903 .......
1904 .. .....
1905 .. .....
Total ...
Under 1.
1 to 5.
6 to 10.
1,288
1,433
1,056
1, 060
1,374
1,870
2,403
133
156
114
111
118
166
169
439
526
379
391
515
674
879
191
200
132
172
207
258
392
10, 484 1
967
3,803
1,552
11 to 20. 21 to 30. j 31 to 50. 51 to 100.
101 or
over.
182
175
115
117
174
279
327
106
125
77
75
92
156
199
105
110
93
101
119
132
190
94
121
108
65
115
120
171
38
20
38
28
34
85
76
1,369
830
850
794
319
---
LOCKOUTS IN GERMANY, BY DURATION AND YEARS, 1899 TO 1905.
Lockouts in which the days of duration wereYea r.
Total
lockouts. Under 1.
1 to 5.
6 to 10.
11 to 20. 21 to 30. 31 to 50. 51 to 100.
--- -----------------1899 .......
19JO .......
1901 ...... .
1902 .......
1903 .. .. ...
1904 .......
1905 .......
Total ...
23 ---·-··· ··
35
1
35
4
46
5
70
4
120
2
254
6
583
22
over.
13
2
5
2
2
9
29
25
5
8
8
5
8
17
29
3
7
11
14
13
10
71
... ····· ·3
2
8
13
23
5
6
4
7
8
19
51
64
54
100
74
80
129
60
5
2
3
6
n
22
..____
3
3
101 or
---
')
1
5
7
17
27
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMA Y, BY DURATION, 1899 TO 1905.
[The column headoo "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during strike.]
Strikes whichDays of duration .
Total
strikes .
Sueceeded.
Sueceedcd
partly.
Failed.
Establishments.
Strikers.
Other
employees
thrown
out of
work.
- - - - - - - - - ---- - - Under 1 .... ...... .. ....... . ... .
1 to 5 ..........................
G to 10 ... ... . .. . . . .. ... . .......
11 to 20 ... .. ... . ... ... .. . . ... . .
21 to 30 ........................
31 to 50 ........................
51 to 100 ......... .. ............
101 or over .....................
967
3,803
1,552
1,369
830
850
794
319
276
1,134
353
275
122
80
57
14
150
1,106
601
577
364
336
299
124
541
1,563
598
517
344
434
438
181
1,199
8,599
6,287
10,207
7,274
8,847
8,145
4, 103
27,084
192,675
84,328
102, 129
80,519
302,674
99,273
49,861
3,203
19,567
5,375
7,921
4,839
6,453
14,337
3,740
Total .... . . .... .. ...... ..
10,484
2,311
3,557
4,616
54,661
93 ,543
65,435
The strikes were mostly of short duration, 60.3 per cent of the total
number which occurred during the seven-year period having lasted
ten days or less. The lockouts, on the other hand, were mostly of
longer duration, 58.8 per cent of the total number having lasted over
twenty days.
•
In the next two tables are shown, respectively, the number of
strikers involved in strikes each year, and the number of strikes which
succeeded, succeeded partly, and failed, the number of establishments
and the number of persons affected during the seven-year period,
grouped in each case according to the number of strikers involved.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
860
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF. LABOR.
NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED IN STRIKES IN GERMANY, DY YEARS, 1899 TO
1!)05.
[The columns headed "Strikers involv~d" show the maximum number of strikers at any time during
strike.]
Year.
Strikers involved.
Total
strikes. 2 to 5.
101 to
51 to
6 to 10. I11 to 20. I·21 to 30. I31 to 50. ~
200.
I
---
-
1, 288
1,433
1,056
1,060
1,374
1,870
2,403
309
433
349
400
462
679
633
1,447
1,655
1,559
1,537
1,682
2,223
2, 841
4,084
4,876
3,593
3,719
4,846
6,430
7,107
5,444
4,654
3,438
3,547
5,526
6,758
8,875
-':rota ! ......... 10,484
3, 265
12,944
34,655
38,242
1899 . ................
1900 ........... . .. .. .
1901. ................
1902 ...... . ..........
1903 .. ...............
1904 .................
1905 ... . ..... . .......
12,329
15,495
8,775
9,329
12,533
18,175
25,770
201 to
500.
-- -
14,157
16,009
10,438
9,273
13,676
19,259
28,298
-
501 or
over.
- ---
18,707
23,297
11,415
9,653
17,110
22, 471
31,851
_35, 161
48,908
10,012
10,770
23,174
28,353
290,288
54,751 102, 406 111,110 134,504
446, 666
7,700
7,476
5,683
5,684
6,594
9,132
12, 482
------ --- ------ --- --------- ---
STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED, 1899 TO 1905.
[The column ,h eaded '' Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during strike.]
.
Strikers involved .
2 to 5 ................ ·· - --. - - - 6 to 10 .. _...... . ....... ........ 11 to 20 .............. -.. . - - .. . 21 to 30 .......... , . . ..... . ... . .
31 to 50 ... _.... . _.. __. .. ___ . _. _
51 to 100. __ ...... _....... .. __ . .
101 to 200 ..... __ . ... _.. ... . . _..
201 to 500 . . ......... - . - . - - - - - . 501 or over. _.. . __ ... . . __ . . __ . . .
Tota l. _ . __ ._.. . _. _. ..... . .
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
-----
Sueceeded.
Sueceeded
partly.
- -- - - - - -
797
433
208
186
332
547
377
312
296
125
63
13
145
314
-605
509
572
645
407
225
135
10, 484
2,311
3,557
843
1,617
2,270
1,514
1, 379
!,423
Establishm ents .
Failed.
-----
Striker s .
Other
employees
thrown
out of
work.
- - - - - - -- - - -
512
911
1,118
628
495
482
265
145
60
930
1,960
3,460
3,122
3,936
7,290
7,440
10,440
16,083
4, 616
54, 661
111,110
134,504
446, 666
622
2, 333
3,670
3,967
5,203
9,444
11,359
10,399
18,438
938, 543
65, 435
3,265
12,944
34,655
38, 242
54,751
"102,406
I
I
In the German reports, where the causes of strikes are given in the
tabulations, the demand and not the strike is taken as the unit-that
is, each individual demand is made a separate unit, regardless of the
number of strikes. The following table shows the number of strikes
in which each cause has figured and the result for each year from
1899 to 1905:
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 1905.
[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the tot a ls for this table,
if computed, would not agree with those for the preceding tables .]
1899.
Cause or object.
For increase of wages ............ ..... .. .. . _.... .. ..... .. .... .
~!;~t1~1i1:!i~i:~~~~~-: ·:·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Against working overtime ............... . .. .. ...... __ . . . .... .
Other causes affecting hours of labor. ................ . .. . ... .
For change in method of payment ........... . .. . ........... . .
For discharge of foremen, etc . ..... .... . .... .. ...... .. ... .... .
For reinstatement of discharged employees ..... . ... .. .. . .. . . .
Other causes ................ .. .. .. . .... . .... . . , .............. .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•strikes.
Total
820
67
239
275
23
81
64
34
153
345
I
Strikes whichSueSucceedceeded . edpart ly.
193
24
42
ul
3
12
3
7
29
66
346
18
134
133
13
42
38
10
26
129
Failed.
281
25
63
81
7
27
23
17
98
150
861
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FO'REIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 1905-Continued.
1900,
St rikes whichTotal
strikes.
Cause or object.
For increase of wages ....... . ____ ____ . __ . . . ______ . ___________ _
Against reduction of wages .......... _... __.. ___ . . __ _... ___ .. _
For extra rate for overtime ... _. _. _____ .. _______ . ___ .. __ . . ___ .
For extra pay for secondar;y work .... __ . __________ .. __ .. ___ ._
For payment of wages before regular pay day ____ .. ___ . _____ _
Other causes affecting wages .. .. ____ . __ _____ . _____________ . __ _
Against increase of hours ...... _. _. _____ . _____ __ __ ___ _____ __ __
For reduction of hours .... ________ . __________________________ _
For abolition or limitation of overtime work._. __ ... ________ _
For reduction of hours on Saturday ...... _______ ... _. .. _____ _
Against introduction of overtime work ....... ________ . ___ ._. :
For regular hours ..... __ . ___ .. ___ .. _. ____ . __________ . . __ .. ___ _
Other causes affecting hours of labor. .... _. ____ ____ . ___ . __ .. _
For change in method of payment ........ _.. ___ ... _.. __ . __ .. _
Against change in method of payment .. ______________ _.. __ . __
For reinstatement of discharged employees ... __ .. __ .. __ _... _.
For discharge or against employment of certain persons ... _..
For discharge of foremen, etc ......... _............... __ ._ .. _.
Against being compelled to work on holidays._. __ .. ___ . __ .. __
For better sanitary conditions, etc ........ ______ . ___ . ___ ._ .. _
Against use of material from establishment in which strike
was pending. __ .. _... . ..... _... _. __ .. _______ .. ___ ... ______ . _.
For better treatment .... . .... .. _. ____________ .. ____ . ___ .. _.. _
For recognition of committee of employees __ ..... ___ . _. _.. _..
For posting of shop rules and adoption of wage scale. _______ .
Other causes ........................ _.. _._ ... _._ .. __ ... _..... .
956
99
203
71
29
78
12
345
45
93
1
3
14
83
1
188
56
37,
36
48
14
22
64
57
214
SueSucceedceeded. edpartly.
159
32
23
8
1
9
3
55
3
7
Failed.
428
20
123
52
14
43
3
182
22
66
369
47
57
11
14
26
6
108
20
20
1
2
7
7
40
1 ---- -- ---29
39
8
9
2
10
3
20
27
8
5
36
---------- --- --- ---3 ·
1
2
4
11
26
---------120
39
25
13
13
3
10
34
33
108
10
10
26
13
80
193
41
229
85
24
11
1901.
For increase of wages .... ... ____ . __ . __ .. _.... __... __ ... __ .... .
Against reduction of wages ....... . _.. . _.... _......... _. _. _.. _
For extra rate for overtime . .... _.. _.. ..... __ . _.. _.... ___ . ___ _
For extra pay for secondary work. _... _. _... _. _. _.... ___ . ___ _
Other causes affecting wages .. _. _. __ . _...... _..... ___ . __ . _... .
Against increase of hours ............. ..... _................. .
For reduction of hours~- .... _.. _.. ____ ._ .. _____ . ________ .. __ ._
For abolition or limitation of overtime work .. _.. __________ ._
For reduction of hours on Saturday ....... ___ ... ___ . ___ . ____ _
For regular hours ..... .. ...... ..... __ . ____ .. __ . __ .. .. ........ .
Other causes affecting hours of labor ....... ____ .. ______ . ____ _
For change in method of payment ..... . ___ .. ___ .. __ ... __ . __ . _
Against change in method of payment .. _. _...... . __ .... _. ___ _
For reinstatement of discharged employees ... __ _... _.. _. ____ .
For discharge or against employment of certain persons .. ___ .
For discharge of foremen, etc ......... ___ .. ___ ........ _.. .. . . .
Against being compelled to work on holidays. ____ .. ____ .' _. __ _
For better sanitary conditions, etc ... _. _.. _.. ________ . ___ .. _.
Against use of material from establishment in which strike
was pending .... ____ .............. . _____ . ___ . __ ............ _.
For better treatment ............ _.. _____ . __ .... __ .. ______ ... _
For recognition of committee of employees ....... ______ . .. _. _
For posting of shop rules and adoption of wage scale ... ___ . __
Other causes ...... .. ~-- ............... _..... ......... . . ___ ..
499
170
72
42
85
12
146
26
45
7
13
32
13
147
70
22
12
28
77
44
6
1
10
17
1
3
42
30
37
1
78
12
26
4
7
9
38
11
51
13
16
3
3
3
15
6
18
10
100
48
13
8
7
1 ---------- ---------4
19
6
51
3
14
12
26
57
134
14
57
1
9
34
19
63
5
3
29
11
6
1
6
18
11
1902.
For increase of wages .......... ___ . _. _. _____ . ....... _. _. _. _. _.
Against reduction of wages. _..... .. __ .. _.. _. ____ . _. ___ .. . _. _.
For extra rate for overtime . . ... _. __ . _. ____ ___... _... ___ ... _. _
For extra pay for secondary work ... '. ... _.... _._._ . . ___ .. _.. _
Other causes affecting wages ...... _.. . _.. ____ ... ___ . _.. _. _. _. _
Against increase of hours ............. _.. .. _... _. _. _.. __ . _. _. _
For reduction of hours. _.... _...... _.... _. ___ . _________ . __ .. _.
For abolition or limitation of overtime work ... _.... ___ ___ . __
For reduction of hours on Saturday ....... .. __ ._._._ .. _... _._
For regular hours ...... __ . _. ___ ... __ .. __ . __ . ______ . __________ _
Other causes affecting hours of labor ....... . _. ~ .. _. _.. _. _. _. _
For change in method of payment ...... _____ . __ . _.. _____ . _. _.
Against change in method of payment ..... . _________ . __ . ___ . _
For reinstatement of discharged employees .. _... _____ .. ___ . _.
For discharge or against employment of certain persons .....
For discharge of foremen, etc .................. ....... __ . ___ ._
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
532
131
33
34
66
10
160
13
21
9
9
37
17
141
48
14
106
25
4
5
lo
1
36
1
1
1
6
2
20
6
1
155
29
15
12
22
1
40
9
13
5
3
8
5
22
3
3
271
77
14
17
28
8
84
3
7
4
5
23
10
99
39
10
l
862
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMA Y, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 190~Continued.
1902 - Concluded.
St rikes which-,
Total
strikes.
Cause er otject.
SueSucceed- F .1 d
ceeded. ed partly.
ai e •
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Against being compelled to work on holidays ................ .
For better sanitary conditions, etc ..... ..... ................ .
Against use of material from establishment in which strike
was pending . . .................. .. ............ . ........... .. .
For better treatment ......... .. .. .... .. ... ....... . ... ...... . .
For recognition of committee of employees . .. . .. .. ....... . .. .
For adoption, retention, or change of wage scale ............ .
Other causes ..... . ............................... . ........... .
8
24
22
16
34
89
114
6
6
6
23
27
4
10
4
8
4
23
32
44
16
6
11
34
43
313
49
32
11
40
6
70
12
6
3
14
27
10
146
41
14
4
7
1903.
For increase of wages .... .... .. ............................ : ..
Against reduction of wages ............ .... . ..... ..... .... ... .
For extra rate for overtime .......................... . ....... .
For extra pay for secondary work ........... . ..... .... ...... .
~i~f~sct~si:e!~ee~Vh~:r:~~~:: ::-::::::::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: :
F or reduction of hours ......... ...... .. . .......... .. ......... .
For abolition or limitation of overtime work .......... ...... .
For reduction of hours on Saturday .. .......... . . . ....... . .. .
For regular hours . .. ............................. .. ........ . . .
Other causes affecting hours of labor ... ............. . ....... .
For change in method of payment . ....................... . .. .
Against change in method of payment ... .... . ............. .. .
, For re:nstatement of discharged employees ... ....... ........ .
For discharge or aga' nst employment of certaln persons .. . . .
For discharge of foremen, etc .......... ............... ... .... .
Against being compelled to work on holidays .. ....... . ... . . .
For better sanitary conditions, etc . . . ... ........... . ........ .
Aga' nst use of material from establish.ment in which strike
was pending ........ . . . . . ... ..... ... . .. ..................... .
For better treatroent .. .............. . . . .. .. .. ....... . . ...... .
For recognition of committee of employees .. .. . ............. .
For adoption, r etention, or change of wage s~alc ............ .
Other causes ............. ... ..................... ............ .
836
97
123
64
127
11
253
33
37
13
25
56
13
233
69
24
12
33
157
27
18
7
21
4
43
2
6
4
6
5
2
36
20
4
366
21
73
46
56
1
140
19
25
6
5
24
1
51
8
6
8
7
1()
10
2
1
JO
40
25
72
148
230
4
7
~5
40
GO
111
7
11
25
53
79
19 04.
i;~~Jfi!~~~i~rf~!:rfaif~-: ~ ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
For extra pay for secondary work ............ . ~- . .. ......... .
Other causes affecting wages ................................. .
Against increase of hours ... .. . .. . ........................... .
For reduction of hours .... . ... . ... . .................... . .. ... .
For abol ition or l'mitation of overtime work . .... ....... .. .. .
For reduction of hours on Saturday ....................... . . .
For r egula r hours ... ... . ... . .. . .... . ......................... .
Other causes affecting hours of labor ...... ... . .. . . . ......... .
For _change in m_ethod of payment .. . .. .. .................... .
Agamst change m method of payment ... ... . ... ... . ... ... . .. .
For reinstatement of discharged employees .. . .. . ... ... ...... .
For discharge or aga'nst employment of certain persons .... .
For discharge of foremen, etc .. : ....... ..... . ........ ... ... .. .
Against being compelled to work on holidays . ...... ... . ..... .
For better sanitary conditions, etc . ......... ................ .
Against use of material from establishment in wh:ch strike
was pending . .................. . ....... . ............. . ... . .. .
For better treatment ............ . .......... ; .... .. ...... . ... .
For recognition of committee of employees . ............. .. .. . .
For adoption, retention, or change of wage scale .. ... ....... .
Other causes . ..... .. .... . ... . . . . ... ...... .. ...... . .......... . .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1, 122
£0
227
113
227
14
390
39
71
24
76
91
16
284
96
43
17
58
32
25
122
224
351
241
33
6l'
25
7
1
3
562
29
136
64
114
4
225
16
42
10
45
50
3
61
16
14
9
38
10
11
12
63
49
12
5
71
105
174
10
9
S9
56
128
219
28
31
19
47
4
(6
3
11
4
7
10
6·
00
30
66
6
99
20
18
10
24
31
7
162
55
22
7
17
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
863
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GERMANY, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 1905-Concluded.
1 905,
Strikes whichCii.use or object.
Total . 1strikes.
-
~
~--~---
SueSucceed- F - d
cecded. ed partly.
aile •
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- -:- - - - - -For increase of wages ....... ................ __•___ .... ... _.... .
i~::xs£r~e~:i~t~~~ i!~f~~~ ~ ~ ~
For extra pay for secondary work ...... _... __...... ___ ._._ .. .
Other causes affecting wages .. .... _. _. ________ . _________ . _. __ _
::: :: ::::: :::::::::::::::::::::
1,558
91
i~:~8Jjc~~~~a~~ h~~~i_r_s_-.·_ ·_ ·.: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
For abolition or limitation of overtime work ..... _______ ._. __
For reduction of hours on Saturday._ .. _. ___ ___. ___ . ____ .. _. _
Against introduction of overtime work ..... _... __ .... _... _...
For regular hours ... .. _. _.... ____ . _.... _________ . _. _________ . _
Other causes affecting hours of labor ...... __ . _____ . _________ _
For _change in ID:ethod of payment ...... ..................... .
Agamst change m method of payment ...... _______________ . __
For reinstatement of discharged employees ... _..... _. __ __... .
For d:scharge or against employment of certain persons .... .
For discharge of foremen, etc .. _.... __ ._ ... _._ . ___ . _____ ._._._
Against being compelled to work on holidays ... _._._. _______ .
For better sanitary conditions, etc ......... . _. _. _. _. _. ___ . . __
Against use of material from establishment in which strike
,vas pending ... _... _... ___ . _. _. _..... _. _. ___ __ . _. ___ . _. _. _. _.
For better treatment. .................. _. _.............. . . .. .
For recognition of committee of employees ............. .... . .
For adoption, retention, or change of wage scale ....... _... _.
Other causes ...... _... _..... _._.:..... _._._._. _____ ._._. ___ . _.
328
157
317
11
482
77
109
4
54
112
92
13
331
105
55
18
------
291
~O
45
24
60
7
51
8
11
11
14
15
2
58
794
473
30
31
210
97
73
36
1
289
47
142
22
172
73
3
28
65
47
8
79
19
4
82
15
18
12
16
32
33
48
170
356
441
7
8
22
79
67
20
90
188
9
233
85
3
25
1
15
33
30
3
191
71
33
6
34
17
20
58
89
141
GREAT BRITAIN.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in Great Britain ~nd Ireland
were compiled from the annual reports published by the British labor
department since 1889. The :first report, that for 1888, is not so
comprehensive as those for subsequent years, and has therefore been
excluded from the present compilation. Th~ report for 1889 includes
15 strikes which began in 1888. In all other cases, except where
otherwise indicated, the figures for total strikes and lockouts represent
those beginning in each specified year. The reports for 1889 to 1893,
inclusive, consider strikes and lockouts separately in most of the tables,
but in the reports for subsequent years the strikes and lockouts are
combined. Other changes that may have been made in the method
of presentation from time to time are mentioned in connection with
the tables.
These various changes make it impossible to present for comparison in the same table the more important facts published in relation
to labor ·disputes for the entire period. The three following tables,
therefore, show the statistics of disputes, grouped by years for which
they are comparable, namely, 1889 to 1893, 1894 and 1895, and 1896
to 1905.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
864
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAI:t--r'AND IRRLA D, BY YEARS, 1889 TO 1893.
[Under "Aggregate wo rking-days lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included the number
of days lo st on account of strikes beginning in each specified year, regardless of time of ending.]
Strikes the results of which wereYea r.
Total
favor In favor Comprostrikes. In
of emof employees. ployers. misedi.
Indefinite or
unsettled.
Strikes for
which employees
Employees
thrown thrown out
out of
of work.
work were
reported.
----
207
322
263
.228
264
368
230
181
117
159
94
92
80
781
738
676
64
a568
768
476
384
369
2&3
303
42
665
322,000
392,981
266,885
236,798
633,529
4,.526
1,815
1,284
1, 055
372
3,428
1,852, 193
1889 .... ................... · · 1890_. - · - -- ----- _! . - -· -··· •• - 189] .. .. .... .. .. - -.. · · · · · · · · · ·
1892 .... _.. _......... _. _......
1893. _. -·. _. __ . _... .... -.. . - . -
1,145
J,028
893
692
Total. . _.. ___ ..........
Employees thrown out of work by strikes the
Strlkes for
results of which werewhich
duration
In favor of In favor of Compro- Indefinite
was reor
unsetemployees. employers.
mised.
ported .
tled.
Year.
Days of
duration.
1889. __ ........ - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - .
1890 ___ - _.... -· ··· -··· ... -· - ...
1891. _... __ ........ -.... - ... ...
1892 ... _. _.. _...... _. _.... _... .
1893 ...... : . . -·· ·· ..... -····. _.
93,524
213,867
68,247
48,8.'\2
400,141
40,472
101,902
92,763
70,978
76,430
177,476
66,029
98,127
113,414
155,249
10,528
11, 183
7,748
3,554
1, 709
840
794
687
555
575
1.5,100
13, 724
16,528
17,800
16,927
Total. ......... .. -.. - . -
824,631
382,545
610,295
34, 7'12
3, 451
80,079
Strikes for
which both
Af~regate
employees wor
mg-days
thrown out lost
by all emof work and ployees
thrown
time lost
out of work.
were
reported.
.
Year.
597
652
1889 ..... .. ........... -· -··- - . 1890 _... ·-· - . - ·· . - -· .. - ..... · · 1891 .. _..... __ ... _.. ___ .. __ .. __
1892_. __ .. _____________________
1893 .. .. · - _...... ... ... __ .. _...
Total . ..... -·- ---- ------ '
C
Total
lockouts.
Employees
thrown out
of work.
66
17,248,376
b31,205, 062
12
13
8
14
19
9
11
8
14
5,651
264
575
120,001
2,857
66 1 310, 278
113
61
129,34.8
3,730,000
7,317,469
b 606
b 503
b 586
b
2,944
C
b 6,809,371
I
Lockouts
for which
employees
thrown out
of work
were
reported.
a This number does not agree with the statement in footnote n, page 880. The number here given is,
however, according to tbe original reportb Including lockouts for which aggregate working days lost were reportedc See note I>.
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1894 AND 1895.
[Under "Aggregate working-da ys lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included tho number
of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts beginning in each specified year, regardless of time ot
. ending.]
Y ear.
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which wereTotal
strikes
and
favor In favor Compro- Indefilock- In
of emofemnite or
outs. ployees.
ployers. mised.
unsettled .
.
Strikes
and lockouts for Employees
which
thrown
employees
out of
thrown
work.
out of
work were
reported.
---- ----
1894. __ -- _____________________
1895_. _-- _-- -- _- -- -- __- - ___ ---
1,061
876
372
303
289
343
244.
206
T otal_·--·-- -----------
1,937
675
732
~50
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.';6
=1
850
324,245
263,758
1,847
588,003
9\J7
865
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1894 AND
1895-Concluded.
:Employees thrown out of work by strikes
and lockouts thfl results of which wereYear.
In favor of In favor of Comproemployees. employers. mised.
.
Indefinite or
unsettled.
Strikes and
lockouts for
Aggregate
which both
workingemployees days lost by
thrown out all employof work and ees thrown
time lost
out of
were
work.
reported .
1894 •... ··-· _-·· ---· ---·. ·-· ·-1895. _. _... __ .... __ . _. _. ____ . __
71,661
63,544
136,373
73,748
111,078
124,137
5,133
2,329
877
715
9,322, 096
5,542,652
Total ... ________________
135, 20-'i
210,121
235,215
7,462
1,.592
14,864,748
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS
11
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1896 TO 1905.
f Under "Aggregate working-days lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included the number
of days lost by employees dire~tly and indirectly affected . In the case of strikes and lockouts extending into two or more years the days lost are included in the total for the year in which they fell.
Strikes and lockouts involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day h ave
qeen omitted, except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days.]
Strikers and employees locked
out in disputes the results
of which were-
Strikes and lockouts the
results of which wereYear.
Total
Strikers
strikes In
anaemIn
and favor favor
In
Indef- loyees
lockCom- inite ~ocked favor
of
of
outs. emof emproout.
or
em- mised.
ployunsetploy- ployees.
tled.
ees. ers.
In
Indeffavor Com- inite
ofem- proor
ploy- mised. unseters.
tled.
- - - - - - --- --- --- --- --- --926
864
711
719
648
642
442
387
355
358
1896 .. ____ .. - .. - - . - - - .. - - . 1897 ...... -- . - - - - - - - - --- - - .
1898 .......................
1899 ........... . .. .... _. ...
1900 .......................
1901 .......................
1902 ........ ····-· ·---·····
1903 ...................... .
1904 ... ..... ___ ............
1905 ....... ..... ...........
Total ...............
Year.
378
331
238
230
202
163
108
90
62
70
302
307
227
245
211
284
206
185
180
166
243
215
243
236
221
193
125
111
112
118
6,052 1,872 2,313
1,817
41,905
56,897
34,501
40,237
56,390
41,575
42, 141
19,370
17,441
27,464
259
1,933
111
738
4,646
570
309
22
26
544
50 1,235,184 356,789 491,316 377, 921
I 9,158
3
11
3
8
14
2
3
1
1
4
147,950
167,453
200,769
138,058
135,145
111,437
116,824
93,515
56,380
67,653
64,355 41, 431
40,464 68, 159
45,490 120,667
36, 8 60,275
40,612 33, 497
30,591 38, 701
37,187 37, 187
29,167 44,956
15,413 23,500
16,702 22,943
Aggregate Aggregate working-days lost in strikes and lockouts the r esults of which wereOther
working-days
employees lost by all
thrown out employees In favor of In favor of
Compro- Indefinite
or unsetof work.
thrown out employees. employers.
mised.
tled.
of work.
1896 .... __ .................
1897 ........... ..... _. _....
1898 ........... .. .... _.....
1899 ..... ·-··- ... ·-· .. .....
1900 .................. ... ..
1901. ................... ...
1902 .......................
1903 ....... . .......... -- . - 1904 ... ... .. -- ...... -- . ·--.
1905 .. . ....... ····-····· . ..
50,240
62,814
53,138
42,159
53,393
68,109
139,843
23,386
30,828
25, 850
3,746,368
10,345, 523
15,289, 478
2,516,416
3,152,694
4,142,287
3,479,255
2,338,668
1,484,220
2,470,189
1,517,828
1,219,609
404,789
461,288
366,573
354,163
290,164
273,491
205,503
233,250
1,212,813
7,105,108
13,218,449
849,411
1,017, 198
2,074,873
1,482,518
1,408, 776
914, 495
690,347
1,007,165
1,813,627
1,646,599
1,175,629
1,656,029
1,710, 4.01
1,698,338
656,335
364, 086
1,537,243
8,562
207,179
19,641
30,088
112,894
2,850
8, 235
66
136
9,34.9
Total ......... .. ....
549,760
48,965,098
I 5,326,658
29,973,988
13,265, 452
399,000
During the five-year period from 1889 to 1893 there were 4,526
strikes reported, of which 1,815, or 40.1 per cent, resulted in favor of
employees; 1,284, or 28.4 per cent_. resulted in favor of employers;
1,055, or 23.3 per cent, were compromised; and 372, or 8.2 per cent,
309B-07-55
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$66
REPORT OF THE QOlY.[MISSIONER OF LABOR.
remained indefinite or unsettled at the close of the various years.
Of the 4,526 strikes that occurred during the five years~ particulars
concerning the number of employees thrown out of work were reported
for 3,428 strikes. In these strikes 1,852,193 employees were thrown
out of work. Of the latter, 824,631, or 44.5 per cent, were in strikes
which resulted in favor of employees; 382,545, or 20.7 per cent, in
strikes which resulted in favor of employers; 610,295, or 32.9 per cep.t,
in compromised· strikes; and 34,722, or 1.9 per cent, in strikes the
results of which were indefinite or unsettled.
During the two years 1894 and 1895 there were 1,937 strikes and
lockouts, in 1,8';17 of wµich 588,003 employees were thrown out of
work. Of the 1,937 disputes 675, or 34.9 per cent, resulted in favor
of employees; 732, or 37.8 per cent, in favor of employers;· 450, or
23.2 per cent, were compromised; and 80, or 4.1 per cent, remained
indefinite, or unsettled. Of the 588,003 employees thrown out of
work, 135,205, or 23 per cent, were .in disputes which resulted in
favor · of employees; 210,121, or 35.7 per cent, in disputes which
resulted in favor of employers; 235,215, or 40 per cent, in compromised disputes; and 7,462, or 1.3 per cent, in disputes the results of
which were indefinite or unsettled.
During the ten-year period from 1896 to 1905 there were 6,052
strikes and lockouts, of which 1,872, or 31 per cent, resulted in :favor
of employees; 2,313, or 38.2 per cent, in favor of employers; 1,817,
or 30 per cent, were compromised; and 50, or 0.8 per cent, remained
indefinite or unsettled. Of the 1,235,184 strikers aJ?.d employees
locked out, 356,789, or 28.9 per cent, were in disputes which resulted
in favor of employees; 491,316, or 39.8 per cent, in disputes which
resulted in favor of employers; 377,921, or 30.6 per cent, in disputes
which were co;mpromised; and 9,158, or 0.7 per cent, in disputes the
results of which were indefinite or unsettled. There w~re, in addition,
549,760 other employees thrown out of work by these disputes.
Of the total disputes during the first period, 1889 to 1893, 2,944
resulted in an aggregate loss of 66,310,278 working-days. In addition
to the strikes during this period, there were 113 lock,outs, in 61 of
which 129,348 employees were thrown out of work. Of the 1,937
strikes and lockouts during the second period, 1894 and 1895, 1,592
resulted in an aggregate loss of 14,864,748 working-days. The strikes
and lockouts during the third period, 1896 to 1905, resulted in an
aggregate loss of 48,965,098 working-days, 5,326,658, or 10.9 per cent,
being lost in disputes which resulted in favor of employees; 29,973,988,
or 61.2 per cent, in disputes which resulted in favor of employers;
13,265,452, or 27.1 per cent, in disputes which were compromised ;
and 399,000, or 0.8 per c,e nt, in disputes the results of which were
•
indefinite or unsettled.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
867
The statistics of strikes and lo~kouts according to industries could
not be grouped for the whole period as has been done in the case of
other countries. The statistics for the years 1889 to 1892 were not
in such form that they could be shown by industries. The two following tables therefore show for each year and group of industries
from 1893 to 1895 the number and results of strikes and lockouts and
the number of employees thrown out of work in strikes and lockouts
for which they-were reported and similar statistics, together with the
total working-days lost, from 1896 to 1905:
RES U LTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1893 TO 1895.
Strikes
and
lockouts
for
Total
which
strikes
emYear and industry. and
In
Indef- ployees
In
lock- favor
favor Com- inite thrown
outs. ofemof em- pro- or un- out of
ploy- ploy- mised. setwork
ees.
ers.
tled.
were
reported.
Employees thrown out nf
work by strikes and
lockouts the results
of which were-
Strikes anrl lockouts the results c f which were-
Employees
thrown In
In
out of favor favor
work. of em- of em- Comproploy- ploy- miscd.
ers.
ees.
Indefinite
or unsettled.
- -- -- - - - --- --- --- - -- - - -
Building and furnishing,
coach
and
ma.king,
cooperage:
1893 .... -- ---···
1894_ ... _--- _-· ·
1895 ___ .. -·- --- -
198
239
227
92
103
103
1893 _... _... _. __
1894 _. _·--·· ···1895 _________ . - -
156
246
191
f."\'-l
Mining and quarrying:
Metal, engineering,
shipbuilding,etc.:
41
41
20,J
78
81
GO
38
46
35
8
12
8
173
228
217
5,945
5,802
3,092
30
193
285
59
71
60
40
90
84
16
22
6
133 506,182 338,345 54,676 111,939
222 216,880 37,549 98,286 77,328
189 83,879 16,423 17,678 48,886
1,222
3,717
892
44
71
78
33
41
33
2
9
4
124
167
169
30,309 8,280 9,337 12,092
27,899 8,738 10,188 8,120
46,314 21,170 9,553 15,195
853
396
29
45,274 36,125 3,641
39,025 12,713 17,599
57,415 13,580 37,872
5,111
8,643
5,291
397
70
672
15,573
12,374
9,798
4,257
5,897
4,826
5,321
3,100
136
177
176
56
61
105
194
132
50
61
47
85
49
17
41
32
9
7
4
89
182
129
82
84
60
35
48
28
28
28
18
2
17
8 .......
2
12
73
83
58
10,851
6,871
57,277
1,753
4,409
5,029
803 8,295
442
2,020
1,551 50,613
------------84
43
58
30
15
25
13
20
18
14
3
3
-------
34
56
28
15,589
12,041
4,?.G3
1,335
2,236
888
2,933 11,261
1,8.'i5 7,650
434
2,941
60
300
1893 ... ---- ···-1894 ... -- -- .....
1895_ .• ···-·· ·· .
7
19
13
2
3
2
3
15
10
2 ------1 ------1 -------
7
19
13
381
271
327
31
32
22
1893 ............
1894 ............
1895 _...........
25
23
28
4
7
6
15
5
4
24
28
5,816
2,296
1,325
4,229
1,183
518
1893 ............
1894 ____________
1895 ....... _----
30
21
19
8
6
2
13
8
12
1
17 -------
22
18
19
1,385
3,389
584
275
544
17
189:J ••• ···-----1894 . __ .. . __ .. __
1895 .... ----- ---
782
l,061
876
304
372
303
1893 ___ . - . - - . - - 1894 ... ___ . _.. __
1895 .. _.. ____ . - -
Textile:
1893 __ .. _. ____ - 1894 ___ ----- -- -1895 ___ . _--- __ - -
Clothing, saddle,
and harness making:
1893 ............
1894 ____________
1895 ___ -- -- -----
'l' ran s po rtation,
57
land and water :
1893 ____________
1394_ ...... _... _
189,5. _..... _... _
Printing and publishing:
Domestic:
Labor:
Total:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11
16
271
389
343
5
12
, 3
.
1
1
(l _______
165
244
206
1
·2
------42
56
24
22
-------
------------441 1, 14.6 ------489 ------G24
470 ------337
674
4.36 ------252 2,593 ------567 ------- ------96
228
149
254
11 .......
156
679 636,386 4.00, 171 77,427 157,079
997 324,245 71,661 136, 3731111, 078
850 263,758 63,544 73, 748124, 137
1,709
5,133
2,329
868
. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF . LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES AND YEARS 1896 TO 1905.
[Strikes and lockouts involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day have
been omitted, except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days. Aggregate working• days lost includes days lost by all employees directly and indire-0t ly affected. In the case of strikes
and lockouts extending into 2 or more years, the days lost are included in the totals for years in
which they fell.]
Year and industry.
Total
strikes
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which werei---~-------~-----1
Indefinite or
unsettled.
loc~~ts. In favor I~/!:t Co1:1-proof employees. ployers. m1sed.
Strikers
and employees
locked
out.
- - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - { - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -
Building:
171
193
183
180
146
104
39
44
37
31
1896 ........... ·············· . . ...... .
1897 ....... ....... ... ................ .
1898 .................... ... . ····· .... .
1899 ........ ····· .................... .
1900 ... ··· ····· ......... . ............ .
1901 ................................. .
1902 .................. ·•·········•····
1903 ... ········ ............. ······· .. .
1904 .......... . .......... . .......... . .
1905 ................................. .
92
126
76
64
50
21
20
14
11
6
Total .............................. t---1-,1.2-8'"" ___4_80-
40
43
40
37
47
43
13
20
14
12
~
39
24
66
76
46
40
6
1
3
3
10
12
13
30, 138
13, 484
14,232
26, 780
16, 273
8, 864
4,829
3, 313
6,419
6,061
l ~ - ---130,393
Mining and quarrying:
171
127
129
109
136
210
168
125
113
106
34
43
33
35
49
51
40
30
17
18
66
41
32
36
25
92
66
51
48
37
71
39
62
36
59
66
60
4
2
2
3
1
2
1,394
350
494
535
15
561,480
266
229
152
140
111
103
71
87
75
70
117
67
62
38
23
23
12
18
12
15
81
82
51
58
49
51
33
37
42
38
66
75
39
42
37
28
26
31
20
16
2
5
2
2
1
33,228
67,146
15,105
14,427
10,400
13,720
9,630
27,756
8,649
7,458
.1, 304
387
522
380 .
15
207,519
1896 __ • ·---·--- ·--- -·-- ---- _------- - -1897 •• - -- • --------- - --- - --- - --- - --- - -1898. - • - ------- - --- -- - --- ---- ---· -- -- 1899. _••. - - - - . - - - - - - . - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - .
1900_. - • -- --- ---- __ ---· -- -- -- -- ---·--·
1901 .. _. __ . __ . ________ .. _______ . _____ _
1902 ... --- _'. _____ ._. ___ _-------- --- --1903_. - -- - --- - ----- ---· --------- --- · - 1904 ____ ·----·--- _---- - ·--- ----·--- - -1905. _.. _- - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - __
153
108
99
124
96
96
82
55
52
67
58
23
29
40
"6
35
15
12
6
12
65
65
41
48
25
37
49
33
30
37
29
19
29
36
33
24
17
10
.16
17
2
23,284
25,063
11,706
51,822
15, 571
11,569
8,486
5,492
8,611
10,405
Total._ ... _______________ . __ . _____ _
932
266
430
230
• 6
172,009
48
56
53
37
38
39
23
25
26
29
27
34
22
16
14
11
10
8
9
7
12
12
16
12
14
17
6
9
10
15
9
8
11
7
7
6
8
2
90
2
1896 •••••••••• •••• •• •••• ••• •••••••·••·
1897 ••• ···---- -·- ·- ·- ---------·---- --1898 __ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1899 ••• - ----------· ---- - --- - -- - - --- ·-1900_. - ----- ·-- ---- - ---· _. --- - -- ··- --1901 __ .. _- _- - __ . _. _- __________ . __ . __ . _
1902 __ . ·- · --- --- ----- - --- ----- _·- _--- .
1903 __ - • - - - - - - - - - - - • - - . - - - - - - - - - - -· - - .
1904_. _. _____ ________ . _____ . _- - ______ _
1905_. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
Total_·-·---------- -- --------------
44
48
50
48,222
35,615
147,397
27, 020
45,455
62,065
85,517
49,995
26, 131
34, 069
Metal, engineering, and shipbuilding:
1896_ - . - _- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _- _- _________ _
1897 _. - - _- _- . - - - - - - - - - - - _- . - ________ __
1898. - - -- - ---- - --- _____ :_ - --- - --- ---- _
1899- _- - - - -- - - - -- - • - -- . - - - - • - - - - - - - - - 1900 __• ·----- -- -- - ---- ------- -- ·----- _
1901 ___ ---------- ·------ ----------- ·- _
1902_ •• ·----·------ - ----- -- _·----- --- _
1903_. - ·-· ------- ·----- - --- ---- - --- -- 1904 __ . -·- - - --- - --- - -- --- _-- ---- ··- _-1905_ ... _- . - - ___ . ______ . _________ . __ ..
Total------·----------·--·--------Textile:
1
Clothing:
1896 ••• ·-·-·--· ·-·-. ·--- -------- --- . -1897 .... - . - . - - . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - ______
1898 _- .. - - - . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - _- ______
1899 - - - • - - - - - • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _.
1900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - - - - - - - - _- _. __
1901 _- - ..•_- - - - . - . - - - - .. - - - - - . - _- __ ___ .
1902 - . - - - - - - - . - - - . - . - - . - _- _. _. ________
1903 _- - . - - - - - - .. - - . - - . - - - - - - - - _- ______
1904 - - - . - - - - . - .. - . - . - . - - .. - . . - _. _____ .
190.5 .... - - - . - - - - . - - - . - . - - - - - - - . - - - _. __
Total. ...•....... -.. - - -.... - - - -- - __
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
~
l~
10
11
14
I
124
I
2,949
6, 002
2, 891
1,454
2, 125
3, 533
2,256
2,206
1,368
2,990
27,774
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIG-N CbUNTRIES.
869
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1896 TO 1905.
[Strikes and lockouts involving fewer than 10 employees, and those which lasted less than 1 day have
been omitted, except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days. Aggregate workingdays lost includes days lost by all employees directly and indirectly affected. In the case of strikes
and lockouts extending into 2 or more years, the days lost are included in the totals for years in
which they fell.]
Strikers and employees locked out in
disputes the results of which wereIn favor In favor Comproof emof employees. ployers. mised.
---- ----
Indefinite or
unsettled.
Aggre~ate Aggregate working-days lost in strikes
and lockouts the results of whlch
Other
workingwereemdays lost
ployees by all emthrown ployees In favor In favor
Indefiout of
thrown
nite or
ofemof em- Comprowork.
out of
mised.
unsetployees.
ployers.
work.
tled.
- - - - - - - - - -- -
3,174
1,563
2,452
3,744
2,905
933
527
350
2,278
576
18,993
9,874
5,869
11; 015
4,660
2,058
1,936
887
906
805
8,142
-1,634
1,363
1,806
6,549
3,247
1,832
1,504
4,555
1,446
3,003 ------ ··· ·
1,976 ---------6,993
7
84
13,875
274
4,790
3,559 ...........
1,061 ------ -- -922 ---------958 ---------3,810 ----------
57,003
32,078
40,947
12,585
14,466
30, 034
11,539
24,682
16,807
30,212
23,394
8,703
9,938
13,354
10,725
104,981
7,513
4,273
22,090
22,366
14,682
9,434
10, 389
182,360
219,807
18,834
6,553
4,689
4,662
2,072
3,295
1,017
2,685
2,952
1,409
7,431
40,907
5,032
4,444
3,374
4,768
3,682
20,934
4,123
4,120
209
6,754
245
19,441
5,384 ---------4, 791
530
140
4,814
5,627
::0
4,931 ---------22
4,115
26
1,548
1,901
28
14,909
30,043
6,327
6,692
9,410
8,769
6,284
4,624
3,481
5,295
48,168
98,815
59,306
95,834 12,300,534
----
----
365
18,502
22,283 . .... .....
8,915
1,509
104
12,278
96
7,872
3,122
13,378
540
22,628
32,659
280
11,919 ---------7,994 ---------13,685
57
18,975
13,777
29,632
19,811
28,909
50,916
123, 009
13,583.
20,156
10,722
153,611
5,708
1,230
1,060,227
353,348
379,170
854,207
726,626
574,848
115,860
114,371
345,513
412,633
506,042
231,815
77,939
227, 751
49,629
23,476
13,918
4,231
15,598
24,945
471,700
62,988
54, 043
46,651
309,029
~ ,651
61,656
88,039
306,938
108,088
82,485 ·····--···
58,545 ---------247,041
147
576,905
2,900
362,774
5,194
205,721 --- --- ---4.0,286 ------- --22,101 _., __ ______
22,977 ----- ----279,600 ----------
4,936,803 1,175,344 1,854, 783 1,898,435
1,011,668
1,445,843
12,876,334
504,428
. 552,932
2, 086, 113
2,550,047
1,397,898
657, 285
1,255,514
122,450
432, 062
457,156 ---------207 697
769,132
291,866
177,148
185,544 11,746,572 934,003
10,215
78,601
99,037
320,290
6,500
43,499
181,207
260,348
67,878
194,902 1,055, 144
835,527
540
179,304 1,057,132 1,306,865
6,746
192,494
795,686
409,718 ..........
355,109
191,256 ---- -----110,920
226,865
133, 116
895,238
. 295
329,490 24,338, 062 2,457,282 1.5, 709,191 5,902,267
862,760
7,141,289
1,370, 764
420,660
349,130
601,553
420,362
481,016
185,429
467,571
8,241
392,335
188,160
103,163 6,098,201
80,923 1,204, 416
62,131
180,837
119,985
45,050
57,181
344,803
49, 741
110,281
34,946
247,099
14,043 ) 1 92,610
220,443
31,669
279,321
916,069
76,146
157,354
176,885
198,099
260,172
198,905
l 78,640
214,255
871,182 8,806,835 2,555,846
---269,322
2,944
23,856
9,279
20,338
7,210
1, 470
168
66
-1~5
1,204
----
66,671
-----;,.-
8,919
1,649
2,883
6,505
5,571
4,419
1,858
1,069
630
1,881
9,066
8,976
5 549·
39:230
4,647
4,030
4,589
3,690
2,487
3,280
5,249
50
14,283
155
3,274 ..........
6,087 . ... ......
323
5,030
3,120 --- ------ 2,010
29
733 ------·--5,494 ------·-··
430
4,814
10,372
11,938
13,272
9,677
8,572
5,040
8,220
3,966
4,437
5,381
519,917
677,615
273,564
552,485
411,368
276,303
238,380
117,038
121,554
126,483
35,384
85,544
50,094
80,875
3,314, 767
1,315
3,525
599
516
821
1,826
563
327
1,022
1, 156
423
1,927
874
423
393
807
1,211
1,392
179
722
1,211 ----- ·-·· -
1, 020
1, 014
670
804
602
534
270
80
550
98,734
301,082
69,900
42,154
60,121
87,384
54,044
136, 182
13, 2Q2
71,435
68,989
33,230
5,745
14, 389
7,654
18,838
14,170
10,469
7,797
2,403
11,670
8,351
6,993
5, 573
934,238
183,684
550
1,418
515
151
900
482
487
167
1,112
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
987
-- ------ --
·-·-··-···
---------760
----···---
--- ------·········----------- - --· -···
760
29
96,781
23,214
31,850
56,793
49,141
45,478
18,903
23,135
6,460
22,573
295; 642
257,185
96,237
444,348
260,018
135,666
152, 751
87,608
77,377
57,417
I
121,876
391,791
•145, 477
• 51,344
100,950
95,219
65,405
) 6,295
37,717
42,773
5,618
.' 5,425
·· ··· ·- -· ·
----------
1,259
----·-----
1,321
--- -···--·
---------3,720
374,328 1,864,249 1, 058,847
17,343
16,978
236,327
45,144
16,077
19,089
47,331
28,072
113,562
3,403
12,292
12,767
31,525
19,011
11,688
3, 678
21,215
11,802
12, 151
2,002
56,740
·······-··
········ ·"'
--- -·····-
538,275
182,579
29,700
••• ·29;106
------····
--------··
---------- ---- - - . - .
----------
870
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1896 TO 190J-Concluded.
l
Y ear and industry .
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which were-Total
strikes ,- - - -- - -- - -- -- - - - ,
and
Indefilockouts . I~/!~~r I~/!~~r COI?J-pro- nite or
unsetployees. ployers. IDJ.Sed.
tled.
- - - - - -- -- - - - - ----1 - - - --1-- - - - - - - - - - - -
Strikers
and employees
locked
out.
--- ----
Transportation:
.
1896 ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1897 ... ······· .... .... ............... .
1898 ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1899 •• •• • •••••••••••• • •••••••• •••••••••
1900 ••••••••.• ·••••••••·••••· •·••• . • ••
1901 ...... ... ... . .... . .. . ......... . .. .
1902 ................................. .
1903 •• ••••••••••••••••• ••••• •••• •• ••• •
1904 .............. .... . ......... .. .. . .
1905 ••• ••••• ••• ••••••• •••• • •••• •••• • ••
25
48
22
47
50
20
14
15
10
11
9
6
2
10
9
9
3
3
2
2
Total. •••••.•.•••. ·•· · ·············
262
55
Miscell~neous:
1896 ••• • • ••• •• •••• •• •••••••••••••••••••
1897 •• • ••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••
1898 ••• •••••••• ••••• •• ••••• •••••• •••••
1899 ..... ......... ... · . · · · · .. · · · · .... ·
1900 .. •. ··· ···· ·· ·· ·· ·· ............... .
1901 .... . .... ............... ... . ..... .
1902 ••• •• •••••• ••••••• •••• •• ••• •••••••
1903 •• • · - •••• •••••••••••• •• •••• • ••••••
1904 ••• • ••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••
1905 ... . ················· . ........... .
87
95
67
71
60
65
41
32
41
39
38
30
12
25
17
12
7
4
5
8
Total. ............................ .
598
158
Employees of local authorities:
1896 ... · · ············· . .. ............ .
1897 ................................. .
1898 .... ··· · ·· · ········ · · .......... .. .
1899 ••• •• ••• ·• .• •• •••• ·••••••••·••••••
1900 ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1901 .................. -· ...... ... .... .
1902 •• ··-···········-··· •••••••• •• ••••
1903 . . .. .. ... . ... ... ................. .
1904 ••• ••• • ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••
1905 •• •• • •• • •• ••••••••••••• • •••••••• ••
5
8
6
11
11
5
4
4
1
5
3
2
2
2
4
1
1
1
3 .. ..... . .... .. ..... .
2
1 ......... .
2
1
Total .......... ............ . .. .... .
60
18
27
All industries:
1896(a) .... ..... ......... ........ .... .
1897 ... ········· ..................... .
1898 ......... ····· ·· ············· .. .. .
1899 •••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1900 ••• ·············· · ········-·· ··· ··
1901 ..... .......... ···-····. ··········
1902 ••• •• •• • •• •••••• ••• ••• ••••••••••••
1903 ••• ••••• •• •••••••••••••• •••••• • •••
1904 ..... ....... .. ....... . ····-·······
1905 ... ······ .•.. .. . ... . . ······ · ... ... .
926
864
711
719
648
642
442
387
355
358
378
331
238
230
202
163
108
90
62
70
302
307
227
245
211
284
206
185
180
166
243
215
243
236
221
193
125
111
112
118
8
21
11
16
18
3
2
3
1
2
3,232
11,847
3,344
11,735
20,293
2,609
1,335
2,132
1,709
2,112
85
60,348
29
40
35
27
25
33
27
23
27
20
20
25
20
18
17
20
7
5
9
10
6,514
7,960
5,610
3,669
24,230
8,840
2,745
1,978
3,448
3,917
286
151
8
20
9
21
23
8
9
9
7
7
---- ---3
1
1
4
2
3
1
484
3
1, 151
3
2
798
237
2,026
643
45
641
14
6,7H
6
3
3
383
336
1
1
Total ................ . . . . . .. . ...... ~ l ~ - - 2 - ,m
68,911
3
11
3
8
14
2
3
1
1
4
147,950
167,453
200,769
138,058
135,145
111,437
116,824
93,515
56,380
67,653
J~---5-0-1,235, 184
a These figures do not agree with those in table for causes and results because strikes lasting less
than 10 days, etc., h ave been eliminated.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.~STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIG ...
COUNTRIES.
871
RZSULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1896 TO 1905---C'oncluded.
Aggregate Aggregate working-days lost in strikes
and lockouts the r esults of which
workingweredays lost
byallem- 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Indefiployees
Indefithrown In favor In favor Compro- nite or
I~/::i_~r I~/::i_~r Cm?-pro- nite or
of emof emmised.
unsetunsetout
of
ployees. ployers. mised.
ployees. ployers.
tled.
work.
tled.
- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - ~--1-----1--- - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - Strikers and employees locked out in
disputes the results of ,which were-
200
513
1,940
1,475
4,248
12,460
713
734
1,133
1,419
1,607
8,148
26,242
638
1,294
230
1,678
1,575
1,453
453
407
220
2,081
8,589
1,639
5,809
6,258
443
148
592
70
305
24
Other
employees
thrown
out of
work.
80
G76
134
876
2,733
73
255
40
50
23,043
76,497
46,771
62,450
303,780
38,312
10,027
26, 779
42,343
67,089
2,157
6, 756
230
12, 497
16, 656
2, 763
2,316
4, 463
6,870
1,500
4, 917
697,091
56, 208
7,337
23, 488
31,615
34, 069
233, 606
33, 124
7, 129
18, 328
35,193
46, 994
13,549
45, 503
14,926
15, 884
53, 518
2,425
582
3, 988
280
18, 595
750
1- - - - - 1 - - - -·1 - - -1
25,934
24
470,883
169,250
750
I====
2,917
3,058
1,075
860
1,071
718
327
345
980
768
2,452
1,947
1,090
1,632
1,265
2,904
1,568
1,566
1,258
1,355
1, 145
2,955
3,445
1,149
21,887
5,218
850
67
- 1,210
1,765
12,119
17,037
39,691
29
1 556
3;774
651
543
738
1,649
934
485
346
3,242
168,418
348,459
267, 715
73, 245
740,272
469,903
84,133
64,892
118,804
64,290
18,798
52,206
22,447
8,976
15,825
11,255
10,991
3,607
43,815
15,818
64
13, 918
2,400,131
203, 738
28
7
110, 146
218,373
35,343
22,155
28,752
107,008
59,916
58,399
43, 775
18, 038
39,474
77,880
209,925
41, 764
694,562
351,640
13,226
2,886
31,214
26,304
4,130
701, 905 1, 4 , 875
5,613
350
1,133
= == =1'====11====1:====l= = = = l
154
50
179 . . . . . . . . . .
154
1,601
664
400
537
448
45
103
188 ------·--·
29
1,390
93
849
111
303
70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,260
111
5, 079
70
33
979
139 . . . . . . . . . .
12
6, 787
150
6,237
400
160
536
82
20
97
8,465
1,411
3,220
3,314
520
840
555
15
142
80 ·· ·· ······
127
7,811
270
6,146
821
1, 205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
6, 402
821
5, 581
53
55
535 . . . . . . . . . .
68
492
146
55
291 ......... .
45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90 . . . . . . . . . .
GO ................... .
..........
~ l_ _ _
24_____
72__
• ._._·_· ._._· _· ._ ____8_4_ ___5_,_1_74_ .__1_,_2_26_ .___2_10___ 3_,_7_38__
• ._._· _·._._· ·_.
1
1
1
1
1,345
1,937
3,442
20
651
1, 360
43,472
4,892
27,867
9,353
64,355
40, 464
45, 490
36,808
40, 612
30, 591
37,187
29, 167
15,413
16, 702
;l56, 7891
41,431
68, 159
120, 667
60,275
33, 497
38, 701
37,187
44, 956
23, 500
22, 943
41,905
56,897
34,501
40,237
56,390
41,575
42,141
19,370
17,441
27,464
491, 3161
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
50,240 3, 746,368 1,517,828 1,212,813 1,007, 165
62,814 10,345,523 1,219,609 7,105,108 1,813,627
53, 138 15,289, 478
404,789 13,218,449 1,646, 599
42,159 2,516,416
461 , 288
849,411 1, 1'('5,629
366,573 1,017, 198 1,656,029
53,393 3, 152;-694
68,109 4,142,287
354,163 2,074,873 1,710, 401
290,164 1,482,518 1,698,338
139,843 3,479,255
273,491 1,408, 776
656,335
23,386 2,338,668
914,495
364,086
205,503
30,828 1,484, 220
233,250
690,347 1,537,243
25,850 2,470,189
8,562
207,179
19, 641
30,0
112,894
2,850
8,235
66
136
9,349
9, 158 1 549, 760 48,965,098 5,326,658 29,973,988 13,265,452
399,000
259
1,933
111
738
4,646
570
309
22
26
544
872
REPORa' OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIK:&S AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES, FOR THE PERIOD 1896 TO 1905.
-
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which wereTotal
strikes
and
Indefifavor In favor Compro- nite
lockouts. In
or
of emof emmised.
unsetployees. ployers.
tled.
Industry.
- ---
Building ..... ......... ....... . .......... .
Mining and quarrying ........ ...........
Metal, engineering, and shipbuilding ....
Textile ...................... .............
Clothing ..................... .. ..... .... .
480
350
387
266
158
55
158
18
309
494
522
430
124
121
286
27
332
535
~~!~ewi;!~~~~~::::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Employees of local authorities ..........
1,128
1,394
1,304
932
374
262
598
60
Total ...................... ........
6,052
1,872
2,313
1,817
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
380
230
90
85
151
14
•
•
7
15
15
6
2
1
3
1
Strikers
and emloyees
~ ocked
out.
---130,393
561,486
207,519
172,009
27,774
60,348
68,911
6,744
----
50 1,235,184
873
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND ~LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY
INDUSTRIES, FOR THE PERIOD 1896 TO 1905.
Strikers and employees locked out in
disputes the results of which wereIn favor In favor Comproofemof employees. ployers. mised.
----
Indefinite or
unsettled.
Aggregate Aggr~te working-days lost
and ockouts the results
Other workingwere-days lost
employees by all employees
thrown
favor In favor Comproout of
thrown In
of emof emwork.
out of
ployees.
ployers. mised.
work.
in strikes
of which
,
Indefinite or
UILilettled.
---- ---- ----
,57,003
182,360
48,168
35,384
11,670
8,148
12,119
1,937
32,078
219,807
98,815
85,544
8,351
26,242
17, 037
3,442
40,947
153,611
59,306
50,094
6,993
25,934
39,691
1,345
365
5,708
1,230
987
760
24
64
20
18,502 4,936,803 1,175,344 1,854, 783 1,898,435
329,490 24,338,062 2,457,282 15,709,191 5,902, 267
95,834 12,300,534
871,182 8, 806,835 2,555,846
374,328 1, 864,249 1,058,847
80,875 3,314,767
183,684
182,579
5,573
934,238
538,275
4,917
169,250
697,091
56,208
470,883
13,918 2,400,131
203,738
701,905 1,488,875
651
43,472
4,892
27,867
9,353
8,241
269,322
66,671
17,343
29,700
750
5,613
1,360
356,789
491,316
377,921
9,158
549,760 48,965,098 5,326, 658129,973,988113,'.265,452
399,000
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
874
REPORT OF THE . COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
While the above figures showing strikes and lockouts by industries
are not comparable for longer periods than those shown in the tables,
the report for 1905 cQntains a summary table showing the number of
strikes and lockouts, employees affected, and aggregate working-days
lost each year from 1893 to 1905, in which all the figures have been
reduced to a comparable basjs. T his table appears below:
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AFFECTED AND DAYS LOST IN STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS
IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS AND INDUSTRIES, 1893 TO 1905.
[Disputes involving fewer than 10 employees, and those which lasted less than 1 day have been omitted,
except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days.]
Strikes and lockouts.
Year.
Metal,enand gineering,
Building. Mining
quarrying. and shipbuilding.
1893 . ..........
1894 ...........
1895 . ..........
1896 ...........
1897 . .... ......
1898 .. .. .......
.1899 .......... .
1900 . . .........
1901 . . .. .. .....
1902 .. . ........
1903 ...........
1904 ...........
1905 ...........
Total. .. •
Textile.
Clothing.
Miscella(inTrans- neous
.POrta- eluding
public
tion.
authorities).
Total.
131
162
146
171
193
183
180
146
104
39
44
37
31
127
232
187
171
127
129
109
136
210
168
125
113
106
117
161
160
266
229
152
140
111
103
71
87
75
70
79
178
124
153
108
99
124
96
96
82
55
52
67
65
65
39
48
56
53
37
38
39
23
25
26
29
31
48
27
25
48
22
47
50
20
14
15
10
11
92
103
73
Si
71
70
45
36
42
44
615
929
745
926
864
711
719
648
642
442
387
355
358
1, 567
1,940
1,742
1,313
543
368
868
8,341
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
65
83
tl2
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
875
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AFFECTED AND DAYS LOST IN STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS
IN GREA'J' BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS AND INDUSTRIES, 1893 TO 1905Concluded.
Number of employees affected .
· Year.
Metal,enand gineering,
Building. Mining
quarrying. and shipbuilding.
Textile.
Clothing.
Miscella(inTrans- neous
porta- eluding
public
tion.
authoritics).
Total.
1893 .......... .
1894 .... .......
1895 ...........
1896 .......... .
1897 ...........
1898 .......... .
1899 ...........
1900 ...........
1901 ...........
1902 ...........
1903 ...........
1904 ...........
1905 ...........
15,334
13,632
9,438
33,312
15,047
16,684
30,524
19,178
9,797
5,356
3,663
8,697
6,637
505,497
218,087
83,957
67,197
49,392
177,029
46,831
74,364
112,981
208,526
63,578
46,287
44, 791
29,691
28,040
46,328
48,137
97,189
21,432
21,119
19,810
22,489
15,914
32,3 0
,12,130
12,753
44,875
40,004
64,129
;33,656
37,001
24,978
61,499
24,143
16,609
16,706
9,458
13,048
15,786
10,827
5,609
50,040
3,969
7,016
3,561
2,258
2,154
4,135
2,790
2,476
1,448
3,540
15,464
11,507
4,256
3,312
12,523
3,478
12,611
23,026
2,682
1,590
2,172
1,759
2,112
12,613
8,369
4,975
8,607
12,099
6,745
5,375
25,863
10,853
5,785
3,174
3,839
7,884
634,301
325,248
263,123
198,190
230,267
253,907
180,217
188,538
179,546
256,667
116,901
87,208
93,503
Total. ..
187,299
1,698,517
407,412
401,892
99,823
96,492
116,181
3,007,616
Aggregate days lost. (~)
Year.
Metal, enand gineering,
Building. Mining
quarrying. and shipbuilding.
Textile.
Clothing.
MiscellaTrans- neous(inporta- eluding
public
tion .
authorities.)
24,408,303
6,638,507
1,086,157
1,011,668
1,445,843
12,876,334
504,428
552,932
2,086,113
2,550,047
1,397,898
657,285
1,255,514
701,171
1,274,219
1,369,259
862,760
7,141,289
1,370, 764
420,660
'349,130
601,553
420, 3G2
481,016
185, 429
467,571
3,918,074
748,173
1,076,993
519,917
677,615
273,564
552,485
411,368
276,363
238,380
117,038
121,554
126,483
185,190
100,362
1,616,562
98,734
301,082
69,900
42,154
• 60,121
87,384
.54,044
136,182
13,202
71,435
334,524
266,825
35,143
23,043
76,497
46,771
62,450
303,780
38,312
10,027
26,779
42,343
67,089
451,930
122,937
157,045
170,019
349,849
272,975
80,032
748,737
477,714
90,535
65,384
118,894
69,464
30,467,765
9,529,010
5,724,670
3,746,368
10,345,523
15,289,478
2,516,416
3,152, 0;)4
4,142,287
3,479,255
2,338,668
1,484,220
2,470,189
56,471,029 15,645,183
9,058,007
2,836,352 1,333,583 3,176,115
94,686,543
1893 ...........
468,573
1894 .. .........
377,987
1895 ...........
382,911
1896 . ....... . .. 1,060,227
353,348
1897 •• •••••••••
379,170
1898 ...........
1899.. .........
854,207
1900 .. .........
726, ~26
1901 ...........
574, 48
1902 ... ........
115,860
1903 ...........
114,371
1904 ..... . .....
345,513
412,633
1905 .......... .
Total. .. '6,166,274
Total.
a In computing the aggregate days lost the employees indirectly affected are included. In the case of
strikes and lockouts extending into 2 or more years the days lost are included in the total for the year
in which they fell.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
876
• REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF ·LABOR . .-·
During this thirteen-year period the largest number of strikes and
lockouts occurred in the mining and quarrying industries. With
regard to the persons affected and the working-days lost the same
group supplied over one-half the total number in each case.
The two following tables show the strikes and lockouts each y~ar
from 1897 to 1905, classified according to the number of persons
affected and the number of working-days lost, respectively:
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY NUMBER
PERSONS AFFECTED AND YEARS, 1897 TO 1905.
OF
[Strikes and lockouts involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day·have been
omitted, except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days.]
Year.
Total
strikes
and lockouts.
1897 ....... •
1898 .......
1899 .......
1900 ..... - 1901. ......
1902 ... ··- _
1903 .......
1904 ...... .
1905 . .. ----
Total . __
Strikes and lockouts in which the number of persons affected wasUnder
100 or
50 or
250 or
under
under
under
.so.
250.
500.
100.
------ ------
500 or
1,000 or
2,500 or
1,000.
2,500.
,5,000.
under
under
5,000 or
under
over.
- --
,
864
711
719
648
642
442
387
354
3.58
393
332
282
237
223
119
140
142
127
156
129
134
98
116
84
63
63
47
150
103
159
148
141
93
77
66
92
81
76
73
82
74
61
52
37
36
49
42
41
43
53
43
32
29
38
5,125
1,995
890
1,029
573
370
26
5
26 .. ..........
23
5
31
5
28
6
4
35
18
3
12
3
14
4
4
3
2
4
1
3
2
.2
--------- ·
- - -- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - ---213
21
35
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, B;Y WORKING-DAYS
LOST AND YEARS, 1897 TO 1905.
lAggregate working-days lpst includes t he number of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts beginning in each specified year, regardless of time of ending. Strikes and lockouts involving fewer than l!)
employees and those which lasted more than 1 day have been omitted, except when the aggregate
duration exceeded 100 working-days".]
Year.
Strikes and lockout:.- in which the aggregate working-days lost wereTotal
strikes
2,500
5,000
10,000 1,5,000 25,000 50,000 100,000
or 1,000
and lock- Under 500
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
under under
or
outs.
500.
under
under
under under under under over.
1,000.
2,.500.
--- --- ---
1897 ......
1898 .. ___ .
1899 ______
1900 ......
1901. _. _..
1902 .... ..
1903 ... -- 1904 ......
1905 ......
Total ..
5,000.
10,000.
15,000.
25,000.
50,000. 100,000.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -
804
711
719
648
642
442
387
354
358
423
360
334
265
232
143
150
158
128
90
102
120
100
109
67
61
58
52
148
111
119
123
123
86
66
47
66
86
51
62
74
61
59
41
36
35
42
36
38
31
52
40
34
26
25
26
21
21
12
23
13
10
15
15
15
14
14
21
20
14
15
4
13
20
7
4
13
13
6
6
13
6
5
4
2
4
1
3
2
7
5,125
2,193
759
889
505
324
156
130
91
34
9
8
4
3
7
9
6
1
2
4
- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
44
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND' LOCKOUTS IN . FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
877
The strikes and lockouts were mostly small and of short duration.
Thus, of a total of 5,125 strikes, 1,995, or 38.9 per cent, affected fewer
than 50 persons, and 2,193, or 42.8 per cent, resulted in a loss of less
than 500 working days.
• In the following series of tables are shown, for each year, the causes
of .strikes and lockouts and their results. It will be noticed that the
tables are not uniform throughout the peri<?d covered, 1889 to 1905,
inclusive, inasmuch as the data secured for the earlier yearn of the
period were not so complete as those for the later years.
In the first table, embracing all of the data secured for the years
1889 and 1890, the facts are given for strikes only, lockouts not having
been considered by causes and results.
In the second table, embracing all of the data secured for the years
1891, 1892, and 1893, the facts are given separately for strikes a~d
lockouts. It will be noticed that this table shows some statistics
additional to those shown in the preceding one.
11! the third table, embracing all of the data secured for the years
1894 and 1895, the facts for strikes and lockouts are inseparably combined. The statistics shown in this table are similar in form to those
shown in the second one.
In the fourth and fifth tables, embracing, respectively, all the data
secured for the years 1896 and 1897, and for the years 1898 to 1905,
inclusive, the facts for strikes and lockouts are, as in the third table,
inseparably combined. These tables differ from the third table in
that they include statistics . additional to those shown in that table,
while they differ slightly from each other in the classific.ation of certain
of the facts covered. The tables follow.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
878
•:REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, BY YEARS,
1889 AND 1890.
•
1889.
Strikes the results of which wereTotal
strikes.
Principal cause or object.
For increase of wages ............ ...... ............ .
Against reduction of wages .......... -· .............
Other causes affecting wages .......................
Disputes between classes of working people ..... . ..
For or aga(nst employment o~ fellow:-workmen .....
For or agamst act10n of certam officials ..... _______
Relating to working arrangements, rules, and discipline ........................................ . ....
Trade unionism ... ____ ........... __ .. . ... . .... ______
Sympathetic disputes. _______ ....... __ . __ ...........
Cause not reported .................................
Total. ............ .. ... ......... ..... .........
I~/!!~r I~/!!~r Comproployees. ployers. mised.
768
45
342
12
36
20
18
29
15
9
7
3
76
20
4
3
12
11
57
17
5
2
Indefi
nite or
unsettled.
290
60
8
5
10
2
4
2
6
4
1 -·--·-····
40
5
2
5
7
8
3
180
29
20
5
78
5
1,145
476
207
368
94
514
42
23
25
208
34
23
10
6
109
30
10
5
12
152
14
4
6
7
45
5
5
2
11
35
13
3
9
2
7
23
5
1
4
1
2
2
164
89
10
57
27
4
1
59
49
12
1
36
4
1
1
12
9
2
7
1,028.
384
322
230
92
------------
1890.
For increase of wages .... . _._ .... ·.· .. . .. ..... ___ ____
Against reduction of wages ......... __ ..............
Other causes affecting wages ................. _. _...
For reduction of hours ........ _.... _.......... .. .. __
Disputes between classes of working people ........
Against employment or for limitation of apprentice, boy, and female labor........................
For or against employment of fellow-workmen.....
For or against action of certain officials ............
Re~a~ng to working arrangements, rules, and dis'l'~i~~~en.io~is~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Sympathetic disputes ...............................
Cause not reported ....... ...... .... ................
Total. .. ....... ............ ....................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
83
19
------------ --------
87-9
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND L0CKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1891 TO 1893.
1891.
Principal cause or object.
Strikes and lockouts the Em- Employees thrown out of work
results of which wnP.- ployees by strikes and lockouts the
Total
thrown
results of which were-strikes i -- ~ - - - - ~ - - 1 out of i- - - - - - ~ -- - - and
In
In
In- work
In
In
Indefilock- favor favor Com- d~fi- st~ikes ·favor favor
Com- ni te or
outs. e~- e~- p_ro- 0 ~ ~ - and of em- of em- pro- un setploy- ploy- mised. set- lock- ploy- p~~f mised. tied.
ees. ers.
tled. outs.
ees .
STRIKES.
For increase of wages ...... .
Against reduction of wages..
Other causes affecting wages.
For reduction or uniformity
of hours . ........ _. _... _.. .
Disputes between classes of
working people ........... .
Against employment or for
limitation of apprentice,
boy, and female labor .....
For or -against employment
of fellow-workmen ........ .
-~~~i-~~ -~~ ~~~~ _
F1~t~r
Relating to working arran~ements, rules, and
discipline ................. .
Trade unionism .... . ....... .
Sympathetic disputes ...... .
Cause not reported ......... .
i&~i~f;
T otal strikes ....... .. .
317
129
38
149
52
17
68
32
12
23
14
3
31
12
10
74
31
8
6 ..... -
d
29,199 20,263
18,088 6,197
1,176 4,349
13,302
1,828
4711
7,469
1,647
2,661
C
1 -.. - _..
517
58
209
l
f 8, 391
2, 101
921
4 u5,341
261
860
10
2
7
10
14
11
16
3
6
3
195
87
74
22
7 ... -· 17
1
60
43
4
4
34
263
369
2
7
36
893
26 a93, 771 33,~90
14 b 28,368 3,593
1 C 7, 761 2,236
1,019
490
---·-- -10,998 -------3,161 ------·2W
--·-----
.5,369 ······-2,209
2,011
1
1
14 h 68,147 19,908
5 il8, 202 3,325
2 i 15,466
11
k 150 _. . _. __
13,068 34, 691
14,109
390
11,866
250
130 ...... .
480
378
3,350
20
181
80 l 266,885 68,247
92, 763 98,127
7, 748
4
LOCKOUTS.
Against previously arranged
or desired future advance
Tgf
2
1 - - -.. -
2 ..... .
2 ...... - - .... .
2 - .... .
5
1
2 .... ··- ..... .
~:r::ca •-rea.iicii~ii ··of·
wages............ ___ . . __ . _.
To maintain or to introduce
altered method of working.
Trade unionism ............ .
Total lockouts........ .
T~~fs~t_r!~~~-~~~- ~~~~ -1
4 - - . - .. - - ... - .
13
3
9
906
372
272
1 _. ...
182
-I
161
28
m30 ...... .
29 - ...... 66
m355
n
575
94
80:o267,4e0 (8,341
33
100 ....... .
30 ........ -·-- .. .
29 ...... ... ..... .
289 .. .. ... ---- ... .
381
100 __ ... __ .
93,1441 98,2271
7,748
a Not including employees thrown out of work in 70 strikes, of which 28 resulted in favor of employees,
13 in favor of employers, 9 were compromised, and 20 remained indefin ite or unsettled.
b Not including employees thrown out of work in 36 strikes, of which 14 resulted in favor of employees,
5 in favor of employers, 7 were compromised, and 10 remained indefinite or unsettled.
c Not including employees thrown out of work in 13 strikes, of which 5 resulted in favor of employees,
7 in favor of employers, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
d Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 strikes, of which 2 resulted in favor of employees
and 1 was compromised.
e Not including employees thrown out of work in i strikes, of which 3 resulted in favor of employees,
1 in favor of employers, and 2 remained indefinite or unsettled.
/Not including employees thrown out of work in 7 strikes, of which 1. resulted in favor of employees,
3 in favor of employers, 2 were compromised, and 1 remained i::definite or unsettled.
g Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employers
and 2 remained indefinite or unsettled.
h Not including employees thrown out of work in 44 strikes, of which 18 resulted in favor of employees,
9 in fa~or of employers, 5 were compromised, and 12 remained indefinite or unsettled.
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 19 strikes, of which 8 resulted in favor of employees,
9 in favor of employers, and 2 remained indefinite or unsettled.
; Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 strike the result of which was indefinite or unsettled.
k Not including employees thrown out of work in 15 strikes, of which 1 rP-sulted in favor of employees,
3 in favor of employers, 1 was compromised,and 10 remained indefinite or unsettled.
z Not including employees thrown out of work in217 strikes, of which 80 resulted in favor of employees,
51 in favor of employers, 25 were compromised, and 61 remained indefinite or unsettled.
111Not including employees thrown out of work in I lockout which resulted in favor of employers.
n Not including employees th,rown out of work in 2 Iockouts which resulted in favor of employers.
o Not including employees thrown out of work in 217 strikes and 2 lockouts, of which 80 strikes resulted
in favor of employees, 51 strikes and 2 lockouts in favor of employers, 25 strikes were compromised, and
61 strikes remained indefinite or unsettled.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
880
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCK OUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1891 TO 1893-Continued.
1 892 .
Principal cause or object.
thrown out of work
Strikes and lockouts the Em- Employees
strikes and lockouts the
results of which were- ployees byresults
of which werethrown
Total
out of
strikes In
In
In- work
and
In
In
by
favor Com- deftIndefilock- favor
favor favor Com- nite
of
or
of
nite strikes ofemouts. emproof
em- pro- unsetem- mised. orun- and
ploymised.
I
ployploy- ploytled.
set- lockees.
ers.
ees. ers.
tled. outs.
---- - --- --- --- ---
- --
STRIKES .
For increase of wages .......
Against reduction of wages.
Other causes affecting wage&.
For reduction or uniformity
of hours .. . ................
Against increase of •h ours
without corresponding in• crease of wages .... ........
Disputes between classes of
working people ............
Against employment or for
limitation of apprentice,
boy, and female labor and
employment of laborers
upon skilled work ...... ...
For or against employment
· of fellow-workmen ....... ..
For or against action of certain officials ...............
R elating to working a rrangements, rules , and discipline .......................
Trade unionism ......... . ...
Sympathetic disputes .......
Cause not reported ..........
Total strikes ..........
260
124
13
125
40
4
59
50
3
59
10
5
2
2
4
18
2 .. .. ..
7
5
19
3
4
16
8
14
15
10
4 . ......
52
141
43
16
2 ... ...
7 . . ....
21
58
21
3
1 .......
692
283
6 .......
4
------ ------228
1
d
117
---- -- ----
2,160
e 596
2 ......
39
19
17 a 41,616 20,006
15 bl13, 531 7,D58
438
3 cl,887
2 I 16,944
1,823
6,747 13,905
26,445 79,479
1,084
305
958
549
60
15
322 ........
250 . -----. -
346I........
1,107
12,222
3,603
12
2
g
1,724
1, 056
668
2
n 7, 058
2,307
2,u97
2,032
22
1 i3,353
2, 464
875
-------
14
7,699 11, 062
12, 526 2,360
1,722
67
10
3
1
7
j
k
29, 1 8
18,591
(!)
711150
8,705
3,638
-------
--·---- -- -----·
---- -- -- ----- -- ------150
--
- ----
64 n236, 798 48,852
70,978 113,4141~ 5 4
LOCKOUTS.
To enforce reduction of
. wages ..... . . . ........... .. .
Relating to working arrangem ents, etc ............. ....
Trade unionism ........ . ....
To end a long-standing
strike . ..... . .............. .
Total lockouts ... ......
Total strikes and lockouts ..... . . . .. ... .. ..
1 ... ... ... ...
1 . .. ...
50,000
---- -- - ----- ---
50,000 ··· -··· ·
1
1
3 ......
5
1 .. ....
1 ....... ------
38,453 17,853 ------ -- 20,000
48 .......
48 .......
1
1 ...... ----- -- ------
31,500
8
4
-----
1
2
1 120,001 49,353
48 70, 000
--- --- ---
700
287
229
119
600
-------31,500 -- --- -- - ------- -------- ----
651113_3, 799 98,205
71 , 026 183,414
600
- -4, 154
a Not including employees thrown out of work in 43 strikes , of which 21 resulted in favor of employees,
5 in favor of employers, 8 were compromised, and 9 remained indefinite or unsettled.
b Not including employees thrown out of work in 23 strikes, of which 9 resulted in favor of employees ,
7 in favor of employers, and 7 remained indefinite or unsettled.
c Not including employees thrown out of work iu 4 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees ,
1 was compromised, and 2 remained indefinite or unsettled.
d Not including employees thrown out of work in 2 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employers ,
and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
e
ot including employees thrown out of work in 1 strike which was compromised.
I Not including employees thrown out of work in 4 strikes, of which 2 resulted in favor of employees ,
1 was compromised, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
g Not including employees thrown out of work in 5 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
2 in favor of employers, and 2 remained indefinite or unsettled.
h Not including employees thrown out of work in 4 strikes, of which 2 resulted in favor of employees,
1 in favor of employers, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 strike which resulted in favor of employees.
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 26 strikes, of which 11 resulted in favor of employees,
6 in favor of employers, 3 were compromised, and 6 remained indefinite or unsettled. .
k Not including employees thrown out of work in 4 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
2 in favor of employers, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
l Employees thrown out of work not reported in 2 strikes, of which 1 r esulted in favor of employers
and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
m Not including employees thrown out of work in 6 strikes, the results of which were indefinite or
unsettled.
n Not including employees thrown out of work in 125 strikes, of which 49 resulted in favor of employees, 25 in favor of employers, 14 were compromised, and 37 remained indefinite or unsettled.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
881
C.HAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1891 TO 1893-Concluded.
1893.
Strikes and lockouts the Em- Employees thrown out of work
results of which were- ployees by strikes and lockouts the
reeults of which wereTotal
thrown
strikes i - - -- - - - - - - - 1 out of 1- - - - - - - - - - - and
In
In I
In- work
Principal cause or object.
In
In
lock- favor favor Com- d~fiby
favor favor Com- ; ~eg;
outs. e~L e°rii- p_ro- 0 ~ : - st;~~es of em- of em- p_ro- unsetploy- ploy- mised. set- lockm1Sed. tied.
ees. ers.
tied. outs.
~ - - - - - - - - - --1-- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
PJ~t PJ~z-
STRIKE.3.
For increase of wages ...... .
Against reduction of wages ..
Other causes affecting wages.
For reduction or uniformity
of hours ..... ............ . .
Against increase of hours
without corresponding increase of wages ........... .
Dispute between classes of
working people ........... .
Disputes relating to apprentice, boy, and less-skilled
labor ..................... .
For or against employment
of fellow-workmen . ..... .. .
For or against action of certain officials ............. . .
Relating to working arrangements, rules, and discipline ...................... .
Trade unionism ............ .
Sympathetic disputes ...... .
256
Total strikes ......... .
l!J8
18
116
72
6
6
4
4
45
68
67
7
60
45
3
2 ............ .
2 ..... .
1
e821
2 /7,310
14
28
5
15
14
8
115
69
10
39
30
1
48
31
6
768
303
264
159
1
d370
11
18
5
12 a188, 510 36, 400
14 1>368, 322 338,208
2 cIO, 556 1, 720
315
4!1,862109,062
17,439 11, 719
306 8,500
55 .. ... ......... .
810 ....... .
1,811
186
956
30
1,393
11 .... ... .
3,966
140
127
65
13
g 10, 180
6, 796
2,068
1 fl, 565
1,028
537 .. ........ ·· ···
23
5 h23, 088
7
11 i 19,092
2 j 3,588
9, 107
3, 745
136
4,801 9,180:1······ ··
3,581 11, 723
43
3,375
77 ........
2 ......
6
5 .......
1
2
42 k633, 529 400, 141
49 ... .... .
962
354
76,430 155, 2491
1, 709
LOCKOUTS.
Against increase of wages ...
To enforce reduction of
wages .............. ....... .
Relating to working arrangements, etc ................ .
Trade unionism ............ .
2 . .... .
1 ..... .
6S ... ... .
1 ..... .
1 .. ... ....... .
4 ...... .
7
1
2
4 ..... .
3
4 ......
1......
2, 579
206
30
60
I
8 ...... ..
4 ...... . ....... 750
183
1,799 ....... .
23 ....... .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - -1 -- - - 1 - - -1- - -
Tota l lockouts . ....... .
14
'l'otal strikes and lockouts ................ .
782
6 ... . ..
304
271
165
2,857
30
42jk636, 386 400,171
997
1,830 ....... .
77, 427 157, 079
1,709
a Not inciuding employees thrown out of work in 36 strikes, of which 12 resulted in favor of employees,
10 in favor of employers, 5 were compromised, and 9 remained indefinite or unsettled.
b Not including employees thrown out of work in 30 strikes, of which 8 resulted in favor of employees.
10 in favor of employers, 3 were compromised, and 9 remained indefinite or unsettled.
c Not including employees thrown out of work in 2' strikes, of which 1 was compromised and
remained indefinite or unsettled.
d Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 strike which resulted in favor of employees.
e Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 strike which remained indefinite or unsettled.
f Not including e;:nployees thrown out of work in 4 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees.
2 in favor of employers, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
u Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 strikes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
1 in favor of employers, and 1 was compromised.
h Not including employees thrown out of work in 17 strikes, of which 5 resulted in favor of employees.
6 in favor of employers, 1 was compromised, and 5 remained indefinite or unsettled.
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 strikes which resulted in favor of employees.
; Not including employees thrown out of work in 2 strikes the results of which were indefinite or
unsettled.
k Not including employees thrown out of work in 103 strikes, of which 32 resulted in favor of employees,
31 in favor of employers, 11 were compromised, and 29 remained indefinite or unsettled.
309B-07-56
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
882
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1894 AND 1895.
1894.
Principal cause or object.
Strikes and lockouts the E mresults of which were- ployees
thrown
Total
out of
strikes In
work
InIn
and
by
favo r Com- deftlock- favor
strikes
nite
of
of
outs. em- em- pro- orun- and
mised.
set- lockploy- ploytled. outs.
ees. ers.
Employees thrown out of work
by strikes and lockouts the
results of which wereIn
In
favor favor Com- Indeftor
ofem- of em- pro- nite
ploy- ploy- mised. unsettled.
ees.
ers.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
For increase of wages .......
Against reduction of wages.
Other causes affectinfr wages.
For reduction or-uni onmty
of hours ........ .... ...... .
Against increase of hours . ..
Other causes affecting hours
of labor ... . ... .. ..........
Disputes between classes of
working people . . ..........
Disputes relating to apprentice, boy, female, and lessskilled labor.. .. .. .. .......
For or against employment
of fellow-workmen .... .. ..
For or aga inst action of certs.in officials ... ....... .... .
Relating to working arr angements,rules, and discipline .....................
Trade union ism .............
Sympathetic disputes .......
Other causes ................
Cause not reported ..........
Tota l strikes and lockouts . . ...............
11
95
83
4
102
84
4
10
10
5
1
2
7
291
262
3 ......
78
16 nl17,0281 15,277
80
15 b109,302 14,708
3 ...... C 8,573 11 165
2
1
3 ... . ...
------
1,763
2,560
~I
1,130
5 •••••• g l, 188
2 h16, 739
482
6,545
4,S.37
1,814
2,426
10
3
27
7
15
57
18
26
11
3(i
12
20
3
1
1,294
1,816
-------·
75 1,5W -------57 . ...... -------1,763 ------- --------
3 f 2,511
22
38
1 a 4,195
1
eJ47
82,017 18,440
18,299 74,4i9
612
6,796
49i
26
384
322
-------·
7,281
2,825
88
586
11
864
11 i 37,763 15,042 12, 1Z8 9,137
1,456
2,202
705
42
3 j 15,5HJ 12,570
801
278
523
-- -- --- ---------- ---1 3,879
1,558 1,921
2
3
400
------2 ...... ------ ------2 (k)
------- ------ -- ------ - ------ --
219
79
74
37
15
9
6 ......
1,061
372
79
28
.50
6
6 .... .. .
389
244
56 l 324,245 71,661, 136,373 111,078
5,133
a Not including employees thrown out of work in 14 disputes, of which 2 resulted in favo r of employees, 3 in favor of employers, 2 were compromised, and 7 remained indefinite or unsettled.
b Not including employees thrown out of work in 23 disputes, of which 4 resulted in favor of employees,
9 in favor of employerc;, 3 were compromised, and 7 rema ined indefinite or unsettled.
c Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 dispute which resulted in favor of employees.
a Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 dispute, the result of which was indefinite or
unsettled.
e Not includin~ employees thrown out of work in 2 disputes, ·of which 1 was compromised and 1
remained indefinite or unsettled.
t Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 disputes, of which 2 resulted in favor of employees
and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
g Not including employees thrown out of work in 1 dispute whiPh r esulted in favor of employers.
h Not includmg emoloyees thrown out of work in 2 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees
and 1 in favor of employers.
•
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 12 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
2 in favor of employers, 3 were compromised, and 6 remained indefinite or unsettled.
j Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
1 was compromised, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
k Employees thrown out of work not reported in 2 disputes the results of which were indefinite or
unsettled.
z Not including employees thrown out of work in 64 disputes, of which 12 resulted in favor of employees,
16 in favor of employers, 10 were compromised, and 26 remained indefinite or unsettled.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
883
CAUl3ES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
!REL.A. D, BY YEARS, 1894 AND 189!>---Concluded.
1895.
EmStrikes and lockouts the
·results of which were- ployees
thrown
Total
out of
strikes In
In- work
In
and favor favor
by
defi.locknite strikes
of Comof
pro- orunouts. emand
em- mised.
ploy- ployset- locktled. outs.
ees. ers.
Principal cause or object.
Employees thrown out of work
by strikes and lockouts theresults of which wereIn
In
favor favor Com- Inde.5.or
ofem- of em- pro- nite
ploy- ploy- mised. unsettled.
ers.
ees.
- - - - --- - - --- --- --- --- ---
For increase of wages ... ____
Against reduction of wages_
Other causes affecting wagps_
For reduction or uniformity
of hours_ ... _______________
Against increase of hours ___
Other causes affecting hours
of labor ... _._. ____________
Disputes between classes of
working people .. __ __ ______
Disputes relating to ap1
fe~~1:;~e~1{h~~1:1-~ ~: ~~ _
For or against employment
of fellow-workmpn ________
Fiir:
~~~~~~-~~ ~~~
Relating to working arran~ements, rules, and disciphne_. ___________________
Trade unionism_ . __ . ________
Sympathetic disputes ___ _: __
Cause not reported _____ ._._
ii~l~i;_
_
Total strikes and lockouts ________________ _
267
167
fl5
37
19
11
100
67
2
68
59
4
4 a94, 761 24,071
4 647,038 10,406
2
5
1
1
2
2 ----- 1 - - -• - - ---·--- ------
6
1
4
] ______
33
16
12
4
1
C
d
1,399
829
1,420
606
5
C06
41 ,877 28,490
7,910 28,012
32
259
1,232
832
150
552
3,590
1, 068
1,215
---·····
130 ····--··
1,232
75
27
12
}1
3G3
148
366
------··
46
13
18
13
2 e 10,797
1,464
3,987
4,903
443
16
7
6
2
1 / 2,248
1,028
980
240
--- -----
4 --- - --
877
1
183
323
710
279
204
80
39
5 g84,393 15,052
80
76
27
40
6
3 h 6,614 3,288
9,001 5,214
7
2
1
4 ----- 2
182
2 - -- --- ------ -------
2!}9
13,497 55,545
2,210 1,098
18
108 3,679 -------·
876
73,748 124,137
3031
343
2061
24 i263, 758 63,544
182
2,329
a Not including employees thrown out of work in 6 disputes, of which 3 resulted in favor of employees,
2 in favor of employers, and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
b Not including employees thrown out of work in 5 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
3 in favor of employers, and 1 was compromised.
c Not including employees thrown out of work in 2 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees
and 1 was compromised.
d Not including employees thrown out of work in 3 disputes which resulted in favor of employees.
~ Not including employees threwn out of work in 2 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employers
and 1 was compromised.
I Not including employees thrown out of work in 2 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employers
and 1 remained indefinite or unsettled.
.
g Not including employees thrown out of work in 4 disJ?utes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees,
.1 in favor of employers, 1. was compromised, and 1 remamed indefinite or unsettled.
a:d~or~~;1~~tGi~:~oJ:eg; ;~~~We~~t of work in 2 disputes, of which 1 resulted in favor of employees
i Not including employees thrown out of work in 26 disputes, of which 10 resulted in favor of employees, 8 in favor of employers, 4 were compromised, and 4 remained indefinite or unsettled.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
884
REPORT Olf THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND BY YEARS, 1896 AND 1897.
[Under "Aggregate working-days lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included the number
of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts ending in each specified year, regardless of time of
beginning.]
1896.
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which were-
Marginal
number.
,.
Total
strikes
and
favor In favor Comprolockouts. In
of emofemployees. ploye1s. mised.
Cause or object.
Indefinite or
unsettled.
- - - - - - -- - - - -
1
2
3
4
325
106
139
13
3
10
11
For increase of wages ... . ... .... . ........ . ..
Against reduction of wages ............ . ....
Other causes affecting wages ...............
For reduction of hours .....................
Against increase of .hours ...................
Other causes affecting hours of labor . ......
Relating to employment of other classes
or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, fines,
etc.
Trade unionism ... ..........................
Sympathetic disputes ... ...... .............
Other causes .... . ... .. .................... . .
12
Total ........... . .....................
5
6
7
8
9
10
144
24
44
92
49
53
1
88
33 ..........
41
1
2 --- -- ----1 ----------
---------6
18
6
2
4
20
164
78
51
35
103
24
81
60
7
32
32
7
32
11
10
15
1, 021
418
348
250
53
5
---- ----- ---------14
1
---------·
--------------- ---2
5
1897,
[Disputes involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day have been omitted,
except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working.days.]
329
72
'.38
29
30
For increase of wages ................ . ......
Against reduction of wages . . ...............
Relating to system of wage payments ......
Other causes affect ing wages ........ . ......
For reduction of hours ......... . ...........
Against increase 'of hours . ..................
Other causes affecting hours of labor .......
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place
of skilled worlanen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Against employment of apprentices and
boys.
.
For reinstatement of discharged worlanen.
Against employment of certain officia.ls .....
Other causes relating to the employment
of particular classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism .................... . .... . ...
Sympathetic disputes......... . .............
Other causes ...... . .........................
31
Total ........................ : ........
864
13
14
15
16
17
18
rn
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
31
100
8
5
7
30
12
128
25
16
33
3
---------2
13
fi
102
30
11
37
2
4
2
8
6
96
3
17 ---- -- --- 4 ---------26
4
3 ---------1
------ -- -3 ---------9 ----- ----1
----------
2
12
6
4
46
8
11
12
2
23
4
11
2
5
5
1
119
48
35
34
2
22
8
2
2
3
---- ------
307
215
24
49
20
9
3 ---------331
----------
----------
2
-------- --
2 ----------
1
-------- ------- ------------1
--------- -
-
-
-11
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES A
885
D RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRI'fAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1896 AND 1897.
[Under "Aggregate working-days lost by all employees thrown out of work " is included the number
of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts ending in each specified year, regardless of time of
beginning.]
189 6.
Employees thrown out of work
EmAggregate working-days lost in strikes and
ployees by strikes and lockouts tho Aggregate
lockouts the results of which wereresults of which werethrown
workingout of
days lost
work by
all emIn
In
Inde.fi- by
Inde.fistrikes favor
ployees
In favor In favor Compro- nite
of favor of Comnite or thrown
or
and
proout ofemof emememunsetunsetmised.
lockmised. tied.
ployees. ployers.
of work.
tled.
outs. ployees. ployers.
------ --- ---
393
2,295
23, 562
11, 015
8,735
307
128
1,227
2,713
33,121
12, 905
7,353
12,863 ........
12,031
8,544
18, 038
8, 762
1, 496
5,988
1,840
4,343
5,097
1, 429 -------2,705 -------6, 888
65
198,687
78, 486
66,320
69,433
20,714
25,670
1, 610
428
1, 620
7, 478
34, 287
1, 673
9,539
1, 148
--------
11, 519
8, 026
7, 387
155
300
65
-------·
9
---------------
-------- -------2, 326
53,598
144
283
355, 66
320, 396
141,407
3, 405
30,888
Marginal
number .
--
40,080
683,180
228, 000
97,317
7,940
624
1, 408
12, 955
3&5,552
238,439
71 , 719
75,394
--- ---- --
8
327,183
101,684
123, 404
271 , 258
58,808
42,834
48, 181
16, 383
45 , 369
7, 744
26,493
2!),127
---------
9
10
11
3, 748,525
1,518, 444
1, 796, 791
577,832
314,334
17,551
31,512
2,137
70, 545
755,665
29,436
74, 989
6,206
----------729
----------16, 646
1, 213,076 1 1, 001, 366
2,0 0
------621
-· ----------------·
.... .....
864
-------6,074
9,639
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12
1897.
[Disputes involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day have been omitted,
except when the aggregate d?ration exceeded 100 worh."ing-days.]
200
69,968 19, 4&5 18,884 31 , 399
2,323
4, 606
6,490 ••••••••
13, 419
2,805
247 ··-----4,224
1,172
4,542
5,938
6,185
2,017
18,682
673 -------·
2,939 47,580
51,192
117 . .......
43
160 ........
872 -------1, 417
365
180
378
239
2, 096 -------2, 713
480
35
106
---- ----
31 -1
35
1,065
&5
921
13,466
981
789
1, 563
255
156
5, 022
301
540
38,311
6,548
11,499
8,018
4,683
664
6, 584
1, 891
865
1, 749
640
230, 267
---- ----
60
--------
-------- ------- -
2,234
654 ---------- -
4, 122
18,425
1, 008
17, 181
125, 311
5,&55
13, 939
3,757
1, 620
409
72, 729.
3, 035
3, 020
452,&57
39, 145
87,839
658,984
133.019
3; 628
631 , 611
19,420
21 , 574
78, 721
2.668
463
9
560
1, 043 ------ -24 ---- --- 75, 265
2, 732 , 10,345,523
---- ---- --1,219, 609
891 , 323
9,735
258,487 ..........
11,997 --------163, 003 177,148
26,003 .........
2,795
--- -------2,664 .........
48,470 -- -- ----900
654 ----·--- --·
--------
19, 801
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7,2-56
6, 881 -------425 -------93 ---- ----
59
49, 788 102,482
7Q7,322
304, 378
1,912, 758
194, 297
64,204
516,988
47,213
55, 920
115, 130
103, 751
45,687
489,589
5,807,456
47,573 5,733 , 880
6,474
9, 269 ........... .
1, 051
2,005
5, 720
9,345
10, 870
68,6&5
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
---------
21
-- --- --- -
22
-- -------
23
48,825 --------1,200 --- -· ---10,510 -·- ·· · · · ·
24
25
26
236
308, 669
17, 204
297
5,502
34,878 --------960 -------- -
7,105, 108 , 1,813,627
207, 179
27
28
29
30
31
886
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRI'l'-AIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905.
[Under "Aggregate working-days lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included the number
of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts ending in each specified year, regardless of time of
beginning. Disputes involving fewer than 10 employees and those which lasted less than 1 day have
been omitted, except when the aggregat e duration exceeded 100 working-days.]
1898.
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which wereMarginal
number.
Total
strikes
Cause or object.
loc;~~ts. I~/!:i~r I~/~:i~r Comproployees. ployers. mised.
1 For increase of wages .......................
2 Against reduction of wages . . . . . ... .........
3 Relating to system of wage payments ... ...
4 Other causes affecting wages ....... ...... . .
5 For reduction of hours .....................
6 Against increase of hours ...................
7 Other causes affecting hours of labor ...... .
8 Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
9 Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
10 Against employment of women in place of
men.
11 Against employment of apprentices and
boys.
12 For reinstatement of discharged workmen ..
13 Afainst employment of certain officials .... .
14 0 her causes relating to employment of
particular classes or persons.
15 Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
.
16 Trade unionism .............................
17 Sympathetic disputes . ........... . .........
18 Other causes ................................
278
Total. .............. . ... ........ ... .. .
7
4
8
21
91
40
3
25
2
2
4
9
7
2
88
10.
73
Indefinite or
un settled.
123
2
26
3
4
19
29
2
3
2 - .... -- -. - ---- -- --- 4 --- ------- ----- --- -4 --- ------8
62
22
5
2
---------- ------------·------ ------ ----
12
2
4
6
33
6
6
9
3
19
5
2
94
26
36
51
8
3
15
4
28
7
2
2
3 ------···· --- -- ---- -
711
238
227 1
243
3
321
48
11
97
10
2
18
4
1
2
8
117
22
6
30
2
4
8
2
7
15
103
16
3
31
2
1
1
4
7
3
4
1
35
36
37
For increase of wages ........... .... . .......
Against reduction of wages .. ..... . .........
Relating to system of wage payments ..... :
Other causes affecting wages .. .......... ...
For reduction of hours .....................
Against increase of hours . ...... ............
Other causes affecting hours of labor .......
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of labo rers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Atainst employment of apprentices and
oys.
For reinstatem ent of discharged workmen ..
Against employment of certain officials .....
Other causes relating to employment of
particula r classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism .... .. ............ ..... ......
Sympathetic disputes ......................
Other causes .......... ..... .. . ... ... ........
38
Total .......... . . .....................
719
19
1
6
----------
----------
32
- ,-
1899.
rn
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
80
4
7
11
26
7
3
6
'
ffi
25
46
24
12
6
1
26
6
1
230
245
.
. -- .... --1
4 -------- -- · · ····- --2 ---- ----· -
43
16
4
2
2
1
13
-- -- ------
------ ------------1
----------- ---- ----4 ----------
22
2 -·········
6 --- ---- --·
3 ---------1 ---------21
----------
6
2
12 ..........
.........
.
---------236
8
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
887
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905.
[Under •'Aggregate working-days lost by all employees thrown out of work" is included the number
of days lost on account of strikes and lockouts ending in each specified year, regardless of time of
beginning. Disputes involving fewer than 10 employees aud those which lasted less than 1 day have
been omitted, except when the aggregate duration exceeded 100 working-days.)
1898.
Strikers and employees lock- Other
Aggreed out in disputes the reemgate
suits of which wereployees workingthrown days
Strikers
lost
out of
and emby all
In
In
work employployees
Indefilocked favor favor Com- nite or by
ees
of em- of em- pro- unset- strikes thrown
out.
ploy- ploy- mised. tled.
and
out of
ees.
ers.
lockwork.
outs.
---
32,676 1104,017 14,950
104 31,297 12,506,065 237,954 11,789,177
56,592
54,944
236,655
1,410 4,172 ------- 4,079
5,072
4,431
395
17,580
4,709
60
!lO ------288
45,lCO
704,193
56,035
3,015
3,852 6,579 ------- 5,912
32
169
120 --·-··833 1,122,011
355 1,120, 7 7
2,285
78 --- ---- --·--··
19
11,845·
1,5GO
170
4,803
1,077
11
87
111 ------ - ------5,880
2,369
6,086
149
697
496 --·-- -30
10,695
593 ------- ........
721
128
52
40
12
{05
33
130
4,464
743
350
776
1,443 -------11,742
1,889
2,215
345
95
798
248
--------
3,988
121
9,394
376
9,018
2,196
120
2,076
363
-------------
-------1,508
28,749
-------- -----------
2,266
150
269
2,982
96,855
44,091
550
28,775 ---------
5,865 ------ -
2,993
------242
2,473 1,248
11
415
1,443 -------
406,995
1,134
276
3,130
7
232
59
38 ------95 ------- ------- --------
- - - - -- - --
200,769
In favor In favor
of emof employees. ployers.
Margina
Indefi- num
her.
Compro- nite
or
mised. rm ettled.
--- --- --- ----
--151,747
10,654
545
13,446
331
248
198
1,342
.~ggregate working-days lost in
strikes and lockouts the results of
which were-
--
45,490 !120, 667 34,501 ~
14,778
33,094
10,758
17,368
9, 7CO
7,037 --·-·-·--
- -- -
1 53,138 15,289,478
467,719 11,215
125,119 ------8,4{0 ------C02,998 --·---869
---------- 8,000
2
3
4
5
2,240 ........
8
----------
-------
:::::::::r:::::
--·----
1
6
7
9
10
1
lI,061
17,325
33,597
11
28,775
G0,276 ----- -43,530 -------
---------- -------
12
13
14
-------
15
77,928
314,289
19,247
7,077
6,437
2,663
531
600
426
-------------
16
17
18
404,789 13,218,449 1,646,599 19,641
19
243,763
45,353
10,280
29,063
3,600
600
1,080
1,484
1899.
43,385 15,884
483 4,308
366 1,139
1,409 4,385
316
503
59 ------1,298 1,271
1,270
230
20,56G 1,261,422
139,451
2,190
40,619
866
------2,793
236,519
80
1,288
17,072
------650
------- -------120
14,292
------119
22,553
50
544
548,487
4,144
1,016
18,129
1,360
50
5,082
12,693
441,222 27,950
89,954 --·---29,323 -- -- --188,989
338
12,112 ------1,000
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
-------
28
-- -----
29
73,696
6,826
3,187
10,942
1,069
179
2,609
1,719
13,883
2,035
1,682
5,068
250
120
40
169
242
186
56
------- -------
12
1,204
951
305
50
150
105 ------ -
75
9,950
50
8,000
722
392
227
103
-------
2,353
26,512
6,754
14,704
5,054 -·· · ··-
447 ------545 ------165 -------
4,369
100
8
12,173
95,811
6,920
1,769
1,178 -------··
64,505
3,744
848
19,133 --·····
1,407 ---- --330 -------
3,598
914
202
1,336
265 --- -----
2,237
589
100
-------
---------- -- ---- 8,130 ------7,376
253 ---------1,000
17,895
8,330
1,732
-- -----
4,323
433,670
91,889
66,530
275,251
5,130
8,233
105
1,166
2,246
75
64
2,765 1,135
3,616 2,371 ------30 ------- --- -- --
472
2,505
101,061
106,597
935
2,900
9,504
75
74,757
24,249
8eo
22,(;04
72,844
138,058
36,808
42,159 2,516,416
461,288
7,833
- - - - - - - - - - - - -60,275 40,237
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
738
----------
II
----------
------800
-------
· ··--··
8~9, 411 1,175,629 30,088
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
888
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF· LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESUL'l'S OF STRIKES AND LOCKO UTS IN GREAT BRIT.A.IN AND
IRELAND, BY YE.A.RS, 1898 TO 1905-Continued.
1900.
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which wereMarg inal
n umber.
Total
strikes
and
favor In favor Comprolockouts. In
of emof employees. ployers. mised.
Cause or object.
-I
Indefinite or
unsettled.
---268
46
24
100
4
1
1
25
17
18
For increase of wages .... ... ___ . _... _. _.. _..
Against reduction of wages ____ . .. ___ . _.....
Relating to system of wage payments __ ... _
Other causes affecting wages .......... _....
For reduction of hours .. _..... _. _. ___ . __ .. _
Against increase of hours __.. _. __ .. __ .... _..
Other causes affecting hours of labor . .. __ ..
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place
of skilled workmen.
Agai,nst employment of women in place of
men.
Against employment of apprentices and
boys.
For reinstatement o discharged workmen._
Against employment of certain officials _____
Other causes relating to employment of
particular classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism_ .... ____ ._. __ . .. ___ ... _._ ...
Sympathetic disputes .... . _..... _.... _.... _
Other causes_ .... ............. .. ....... _....
19
Total_. __ -···- --··-··-··------ --- ···-·
648
202 1
211
166
101
18
117
9
41
10
41
6
1
19
20
25
2
39
1
2
4
7
9
9
72
34
536
2
1
3
3
8
2
6
----------
35
36
37
For increase of wages ..... .. . _. _... _... __ . __
Against reduction of wages .... __ ._ ... _. _._.
R elating to system of wage payments ......
Other causes affecting wages .. _....... __ . __
For reduction of hours ....... _... _.... _.. __
Against increase of hours .... __ .. __ ... _. . ___
Other causes affecting hours of labor ..... __
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Aiainst employment of apprentices and
oys.
For reinstatement of discharged workmen._
Against employment of certain officials ....
Other causes relating to employment of
particular classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism_ .... _....... _.... _... _......
Sympathetic disputes. _. _.. _..... _...... _..
Other causes ..... _.. . __ ... _. __ .. _..... _.....
38
Total ....... _. --- -- -- ---·---·- -·· -- --
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
5
1
5
45
7
5
64
10
37
1
91
13
10
23
1
1
1
2
2 ---------·
1
---------- ----- --- -·
]7
112
1
5
11
4 ---------3
37
2 ---- -- ----
---------1 - ------ --- ------------------------------------2
8
8
7
--------- -
4 ---------12
3
2
16
3
---------21
----------
1
17 ---------1 ------- --3 ---------2
18
57
16
45
5
4
24
17
3
4 ---------1
1
3 .. . .......
1
----------------- ---------221
I
14
1901.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
16
71
2
3
1
1
1
--------- -
-···- --- ·- I··--··--··
•I
4
2
2
35
6
10
8
3
3
21
6
1
79
21
38
20
38
6
4
20
2
1
14
2
2
3
2
1
642
163
280
192 1
·----···il;;;;;;;;;
7
'
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES
AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
889
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO' 1905-Continued.
1900.
Strikers and employees lock- Other
Aggreed out in disputes the reemgate
sults of which .were----ployees
Strikers
thrown workingdays
lost
and emout of
by all
ployees
In
In
work employIndefilocked favor favor Comby
or strikes
ees
out.
of em- of em- pro- nite
thrown
ploy- ploy- mised. unsetand
tled . lockout of
ers.
ees.
work.
outs.
- - - --- --- --- 57,269
7,385
1,987
16,262
. 487
31
200
816
14
34 ••••••••
204
34
4,943
1,027
1,739
1,731
220
882
--------
2,220
9,284
--- -
972
364
........
-
-
210
1,120
1,734
--------
1,734
40
8,982
8,340
-----------
2,240 ------443 ------857 -------
2,333
94
408
64,381
5,514
5,862
4,352
3,882
244,665
13,237
105,609
1,515
20
2,700
162,195
18,160
12,655
83,269
10,336
9,855
27,831
5,324
3,100
17,241
1,107 1,175
50
323
695
------ ·
350 -------- ·i;2e10· .......
40,612
172,306
300
........
67
- -- - - - - - 33,497 56,390
4,646
Margina
Indefi- num
Compro- nite
ber.
or
raised.
un13ettied.
539,424 1,158,424
2,383
191, 740
54,054, 12,218
1,420 ·- -----18,146
77,378
99,204
7,183
1,104
45,520 -------775 ---------- --- -- --4,765 ----- --------- -- -2,161
8,978
820
-- ---- · -·-··-· --------
---- --- -
501
18,956
1,082
.
-- ----
13,576 36,591
7 24,178 1,802,828 102,201
2,903 1,788
646
285,414 27,402
508
450
93 ----- -- 4,909
58,409 38,843
3,431 5,725
807
5,053
240,445 56,G80
44
374 ------- 7,140
47,024
400
31 ------- ------- ---- ---3,655
2,880
------- 4,765 ------ --------- -------- 200 ------- -------402
175
203
36
13,700
1,741
313
568
135,145
-
In fafavo~
vor of In
ofememployers.
ployees.
7,095
2,048
1,444
6,299
60
1,300
19,573
1, 018
1,550
-
Aggregate working-days lost in
strikes and lockouts the results of
which were--
15,345
8,486
434
864
2,259 -----------
53,393 3,152,694 366,57a
-·-------- -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
--------
!)
---------- -- -- ----
10
170,976
• 642
--------
1
40,550 -------4,216 -- ----- 3, 603 -- -- --- -
12
13
14
36,679
15
80, 140
49,945
1,150
2,500 -- -- --- 2,800 -- -- --- -
-
1G
17
18
-
1,017,198 1,656,029 112,894
19
1901.
479,586
380,299
7,630
144,403
149,393
1,831
32,818
9,925
377,861 185,400
83,512 47,517
327,584
1,470
225,716
3,536
3,674 -------11,404 -------6,952 -------10,276
840
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
435
5,152
480
2,112
57,850 --- -------------- --------
29
10,890
---------- ----· -- -
20
22,134 ------·4,010 -------800 --------
31
32
33
5,727 10,763 1,290 12,591 1,098,525 55,678
315
6,096 3,224
3,498
617,574 106,246
4,780
757 4,474
30
233
341,464
447,799 74, 144
41 10,918
4,867 7,078
1,364
1,632
154,699
84 ------- 25,000
,501
40
13,826
254 ------ - -------1,22,5
1,874
254 ------519
40,995
3,197
514
535
24,238
109 -------
19,886
14,852
5,440
18,687
1,464
334
2,400
1,024
2,106
5,217
179
6,701
316
26
290 ---- --- -------
51
63,437
90
74
16 -- -- -- - -------
6
2,592
3,12:l
16
40
272
401
-------
300
14,013
1,776 ------635 ------400 -------
2,249
450
270
52,087
23,449
16,396
3,087
9,918 10,180 -------
9,303
909,033
9,332
316,177
11,531
1,890
1,244
9,804
966
370
1,168
829
250
1,1_07
115,680
191,839
14,641
64,182
470
2,419
49,302
40,261
11,976
111,437
30,591
358
31
5,178
1,802
1,756
1,287
1,167
90
23,185
50
43
327 ------2,115
-------1,266
221
540
1,470 ------33 -------
37,675 40,955
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4, 885
25,068
19,439 --------- -1,905
13,691
---
2,216
68,109 4,142,287 354,163
28
368,874 214,650
34
1, 656
151, 10
246
36
37
540
------- -- ------
1,680, 514 1,653,657 453,953
35
38
890
REPORT OJ? THE COMMISSIONER OF LlBOB.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN •GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905-Continued.
1902,.
Strikes and lockouts the results of
which wereMarginal
num-
Total
strikes
Cause or object.
loc~~ts. In favor In favor Comproof emof emmised.
ployees. ployers.
ber.
1 , For increase of wages .. .... ....... _........ _
2 Againsi reduction of wages. __ .. _. _...... _..
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Relati:r!'g to system of wage payments __ ... .
Other causes aff~ting wagee .. _.. __ ....... .
For reduction of hours._ ...... ____ . .. _. . . _.
Against increase of hours. _____ ... ......... .
Other causes affecting hours of labor .. _... .
Relating · to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Against employment of apprentices and
boys.
For reinstatement of dischar~ed workmen ..
Against employment of certam officials .....
Other causes rP.lating to employment of
particular classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism ................. _.......... .
Sympathetic strikes_ .... _... _............. .
Other causes .... ........... _... _....... _.. . .
Total. . _.. _.. _.... ......... _..... _.. . _
Indefinite or
unsettled.
10.5
27
58
19
1
74
10
30
3
5
32
3
2
11
77
13
l
35
1
3
5
2
13
6
4
26
2 -- •.. - - -- - - ---- - ---·
7
3
2
3
4
4 --·-··· --- ···-·· • • ••
2
3
1
14
3
4
64
l7
23
23
2;J
18
8
26
7
7
8
2
1
2
1 - ... - . - - - . - - - - .. - - ..
2
1 . _... -- ...
3
442
2
2
107
202
17
55
11
1
17
21
123 1
1903.
3S
36
For increase of wages ............... _: .... __
Against reduction of wages_ .. _. _..... __ .. _.
Relating to system of wage p ayments ..... .
Other causes affecting wages ...... _.. _. __ ..
For reduction of hours ......... __ .. _... __ ..
Against increase of hours .............. _... .
Other causes affecting hours of labor ...... .
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of ·
men.
.\.gainst employment of apprentices and
boys.
For reinst atement of disch a rged workmen ..
Against employment of certain officials .. _..
Other causes rnlating to employment of
particular classPs or person;;.
Relating to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trad<:> uninnism ________ ______ ______________ _
Other causes _____ . ___ . __ .. __ .. __ . __ . ______ ..
37
Total. . _. __ . ___ _____________ . __ . __ ... _
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
92
59
9
72
3
3
11
10
5
26
2
2
1
3
8
5
3
19
23
3
28
1
1
5
4
3
4
17
3
2
3
25
3
3 --·-·- -- -- --· ·-· ·- · -
1
3
56
14
26
25
14
3
1
8
387
88
16
2
2 - ·-------- --- •• - ----
179
110
10
a 'l'he total does not agree with the sum of the items; the figures are given, however, as shown in tl::.e
original report.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
891
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITA IN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905--Continued.
1902.
Strikers and employees lock- Other
Aggreed out in disputes the reemgate
sults of which wereployees workingtb.rown days lost
Strikers
out of
and emby all
In
In
work
ploy.ees
emlocked favor fo,vor Com- ~ft~e~; by
ployees
of em- 0 emstrikes thrown
out.
unset- and
ployploy• tled.
out of
ers.
lockecs.
work.
outs.
J~~d
In fan favor
vor of I of
ememployers.
ployees.
Marginal
I ndefi- numCompro- nite or ber.
mised. unsettied.
- - - --- --- - - --1.5,208
26,053
618
14,854
203
3()
• 2,802
435
2,641
875
78
1,931
37
-------401
---- ----
- - -i - -
96 18,511
855,lG0
8,322 I 4,149
3,142 21 ,739
297 90,330 1,182,286
193
347 ---- --327
11,372
7,092 4,047 1,784 . 8,691
624,365
25
141 ------- 5,889
61,138
39
5,991
2,264
137
36,972
119
3,169
31G
248
22
171
187
13
174
55
>I?:
------- -----·· --------
67,263
44,648
1,239
13,465
5,048
-------1,904
--- -----
225,771 212,652
349,474
88,936 1,032,102 16,600
3,967
5,998
168
449,874
48,353 112,673
294
55,796 ---·---421
5,570 ---- -- -30,921
4,147 -------1,992
1,177 ---- -- --
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
--------- ------
10
3,291
770
1,806
2,959
65
2,894
286
40
--------
246 -------
--------
24,378
3,600
7,327
2,052
901
3,952
1,406
90
2·,858
466
341
400
117
180 ------470 -- --- --
2,571
538
3,134
a71,746
8,34.0
55,835
7,145
3,048
1,200
18,723
2,958
47,962
19,849
3,212
6,967
9,610
60
8,382
348,389
27,385
87,277
3,149
14
179
11
110
1,019
170 ,409
1 ,042
12,321
99,074
61,365
1,042
12,161
25,489 22,219
14" -- -- -- -259 --- ----116,824
36,917
------- ------- ---- -- -80
35,515 ;41,645
-------
•
Aggregate working-days lost in
strikes and lockouts the results of
which were-
-·······
------------- -·
-- -- -- -----
715
-- --------
20,778 ..........
6,336
2,334
6,673
39,644
---- -- --
----- ---
105,727 128,000
308
9,662
----------------160
--------
2,7471139,843 a3,479,255 275,854 al,162,057 1,521,945 519,399
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1903.
14,412
12,019
14,914
8,212
99
555
3,454
666
1,445
574
60
1,698
--- --443
--57
126
11,156
6,556
14,257
3,256
75
-------136
188
267,132
200,339
5 ,699
71,0M
5,070
903
10,251
3,862
10,761
23
2,366
8,372
565,784
4.17,717
121,166
663,941
5,616
3,809
34,748
8,728
-------
6
20,173
37,451
7,850
39,072
-------2,123
186
23
61
25
13
12 -------
-------
6
2,478
1,365
106
34
40
---- -- -
47
.935
567
240
3,464 1,280
127
685 ------- -- ---- 300
196
22
3,972
28
166
103,417
3 ,032
3,511
8,715
---------------
50,755
3,032
600
--- -- -- 2,154
238,737
55,576
146,825
36,336
151,862
2 ,426
89,262
738
36,845
1,688
621
23,386 2,338,668 263,891
1,373,503
5,636
765
685 -------518 ---- --- -
102
114
562
272,000
167,646
107,617
553,150
546
483
24,383
4,304
5,712
5,238
100
4,943
18
4
360
295
197
1,614
240
4,649
597 ---- --60
3,198
24 -- ----112 -- --- -·
3,261 -- ----352 ------ -
32
13,609
6,916
3,007
3,686
17,602
817
16,723
31
297
786
207
93,515
28,908
375
269
68
------- -- --- -- - - - - - __,___ - - - - - - - 44,276 19,310
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,021
1 ,113 ---------128
43,058
6,479
12,281
--------
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
-- ------
28
--- --- -655
--------· -·------------------
29
--------
30
889
--- -- ----- -------2,845
66
-- ----- -
34
25,134
35
36
---------- ---- --- --655,680
31
32
33
45,504
37
892
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN; AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905-Concluded.
1904.
•
Strikes and lockouts the results of which
wereMarginal
number
Total
strikes
and
favor In favor i-Comprolockouts. In
of emof employees. ployers. mised.
Cause or object.
Inde:finite or
unsettled.
---- ---- ----
17
For increase of wages .................... . . .
Against reduction of wages .................
Relating to system of wage payments ......
Other causes affecting wages ...............
For reduction of hours ......................
Aga inst increase of hours . .......... .. ......
Other causes affecting hours of labor .......
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Atainst employment of apprentices and
oys.
For reinstatement of dischar~ed workmen ..
Against employment of certam officials .....
Other causes relating to employment of particular classes or persons.
Relatin~ to working arrangements, rules,
and discipline.
Trade unionism ... ..........................
Sympathetic disputes ........ ............,...
18
Total .................................
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
66
83
13
8
18
1
12
36
1
21
9
6
24
4
8
.31
27
1
2 ---------1
---- --------------2
4
3
4
2
----------
--- ---. ------------------------- -- --..........
2
-·--------
2
--- ----- -
.........
4
---------·
3
1
4 -··· ·· 1
1
---------
22
2
7
----------
3
10
9
2 ······---- --------7 -------
------- --- ---------------
47
7
22
----------
70
3
1
15
7
1 -------- -62
354
41
------------ ---- --
18
7
1 ---------1 ---------- ---------179 I
112
I
i
----------
1
!
1905.
84
69
34
35
36
For increase of wages .......... .. _... _____ ..
Against reduction of wages .. __ . _____ .......
Relating to system of wage pa yments ......
Other causes affecting wages ...............
For reduction of hours............. . .......
Against increase of hours ......... _.... _. _. _
Other causes affecting hours of labor .......
Relating to disputes between classes of
working people.
Against employment of laborers in place of
skilled workmen.
Against employment of women in place of
men.
Against employment of apprentices and
boys.
For reinstatement of discharged workmen . .
Against employment of certain officials._ ...
Other causes relating to employment of particula r classes or persons.
Relating to working arrangements, rules, ·
and discipline.
Trade unionism .............................
Sympathetic disputes .......................
Other causes ......... . ......................
21
2
2
37
Total .................................
358
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10
15
14
1
72
14
1
4
9
3
1
2
1
24
2
43
27
28
2
7
28
30
1 ---------- ---------3 ---------3
1
3
2
3
2
2
22
9
5
2
5
11
6
3
5
1
1
37·
5
17
15
9
10
1
2
2
1
70
166
-------- -118
---------4
CHAP. IV.-=--STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
893
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, BY YEARS, 1898 TO 1905-Conclu<.led.
1904.
Strikers and employees lock- Other
Aggreed out in disputes the r eemgate
sults of which wereployees workingStrikers
thrown days lost
itndemout of
by all
ployees
In
In
work
emlocked favor favor Com- I~defiby
ofem- ofem- pro- mte or strikes ployees
out.
thrown
ployploy- mised.
and
out of
ers.
ees.
lockwork.
outs.
1r:1~-
---- -
-
- -
-
-
180 ........
180 -------
106
106
-- --- --16
500
4,535
2,328
1,078
50
50
7,601
1,006
7,925
20
7,613
--------
56,060 1 15,413
-- -----
25
------- ---- ---
6
I
Marginal
Indefi- numCompro- nite or ber.
mised.
unsettled.
1,031
--- --
·110,410
425,393
10,500
215,761
2,722
45,477
29,209
175
57,549
228
184
81
1,007
10,692
1,129 -------
1,861
25,249
2,440
270
270
3,494 . .......
302
92
9
........
10
10,500
----------
100 --------
11
12
13
14
113,726
7,418
38,248
68,060
253
59 ------20 -- ---- - -------
573
94,855
60
52,380
42,003
60
472
--------
4
5
6
7
8
9,103 ........
-- -- ------- ---------- ........
3, 494 ······-·-- - - . -----
13, 706
2,042
-~ I
1
2
3
2,570
3,280 -------
23, 180 Ji 7,441
136
1,031 ---- -- ----
7,452
645
--------
89,855
107,413
1,587
70,302
1,884
280
13, 606
1,424
----- ------------------- ---------------------------- --- --
-------- -----------
-------
50
395 ------- -------
3,315
245,878
562,015
12,262
353,612
4,834
280
21,242
2,150
2,570 --------
-- ------ ------- ------ - --------
395 -- - -----
In favor of ·Jn favor
of ememployees ployers.
,
- -- - --- ----
4,960
2,881 1,489
564
26
3,534
1,341
13,323
8,025 3,957 ·------ 12,306
669
175
304
190 ------30
13,511
2,206
4,688 6,617 ----- -- 8,625
140
38
102 ------- ------200
70 ------ -- --- - ---70 ------- ........
1,760
76
1,120
564 ------305
249 -------213
36 -- ----12
566
Aggregate working-days lost in
strikes and lockouts the results oI
which were-
--------
30, 828 11, 454,220 1205, 503 1
----------
---------------
--------
884,495 1 364,086 1
136
15
16
17
18
1905 .
4,038
13,735
2,517
4,264
11,422
1,696
44
430
645
12,935
1,898
2,405
85 ------- 85
764
232 -------544
1,075
2,296
58
10
20
6,693
5,462
171
8,632
-- --- --
-- ------
38
35
21
40
397
4,951
494
374
--------
7,250
532 ------677
2,882
28 ------------ --
61 · ···· ·--
73
487
------- 1,676
65
------ ------- 8,095
-- ----- --------
300
674 --------
560 --------
27
-------
402 --- -----
82
320
--------
28
9,113 - - ------
6,737
2,376
-- ------
29
4,130
--------
30
31
32
--------
33
38,119
2, 164 -------4,085
2,960 -------4,100 ---------- ---- ----
34
35
~6
97 -------
--------
450
1,691
329
154
2,434
29
1,180
20 ------- 1,717
120 ------- --------
5,546
319
3,026
2,201
9,377
243
4,197
7,869
------
67,_653
16,702
-------
2,455
1,358
150 ------80
43
200 ------ - -------4,197 ··-···· ------- ..... .. .
22,943 27,464
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
,
114
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
------- --------
797
145
100
------------- --
505,059 65, 792
185,718
249,534
4,015
316,033
276,807 -------670,682 77,842
29,131
2,760
19,648
6,723 -------41,419
805,728 -------858,532 11,385
1,190 --- --- --- - -------1,190 ·······19,748
232 - ----- ----19,516 -------17,430
3,406
3,917
10,107
1,304
20
80 ---------- 1,204
64,865
10,432
2,990
1,321
3,375
1,000
6,198
6,177
1,750
53,216
162,412
1,320
54,980
106,112
105,080 64,797
7,045 --- ----4,100 --------
544 , 25,850 2,470,189 233,250
880
240 --------
690,347 1,537,243
9, 349
37
894
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
ITALY.
The statistics of strikes in Italy were compiled from annual reports
published since 1892 by the Italian statistical bureau. They cover
labor disputes beginning with the year 1879 for general industrial
occupations, not including agriculture. Separate reports of strikes
in agricultural occupations have been .published to cover the period
beginning with the year 1881.
"While the data for later years are more complete than for the
earlier periods, the general method of presentation has changed but
little since the first publication, so that the summaries are comparable from year to year throughout. Statistics of strikes and lockouts are presented separatel3r.
The following table presents a summary of the principal facts in
relation to strikes in Italy in industries other than agriculture duringthe yea:rs 1879 to 1903, inclusive:
STRIKES IN IND US TRIES OTIIER TITAN AGRICULTURE IN ITALY, IlY YEARS,
1879 TO 1903.
Strikes whichi-
Year.
- - - - - - , -- - - , - - - - i
Strikers.
St 'k
Strikes,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____, f~r es
wt~h
SueSuestrikers
ceeded ce~fd Failed. ~~r_e
• pa y.
ported.
sf~1!!;.
Men.
Chi!dren 15
Women. years of Total.
~di:.
which
1~r:
were
reported.
Aggregate
days of
work
lost .
Hri::::: i!! i :~ ii ~ m m m t~ ~ 11J;
1
!
1882... ..
e47
1883... ..
/73
1884 ... •..
g 811
1885... ..
h89
1886. . . . .
e 96;
1887.....
i69
ilOl
1888 .... ·.·.·. i
f 126
1889
k 139
1890. . . . .
1891.....
Z132
1892.....
a 119
1893.....
h.131
1894... ..
j}09
1895.....
126
1896.. ...
210
1897.....
217
1898.....
256
1899.....
259
1900... . .
383
1901. .... ml,042
1902.....
k 810
h 549
1903. . . . .
Total.
n 5,267
5
:;_:)6
16
29
34
32
39
29
40
63
58
51
33
46
zg
39
51
60
68
69
143
428
363
194
1,238
1,944
10
16
22
14
9
22
12
23
15
24
34
35
41
79
70
70
80
112
294
165
24
26
27
25
41
28
33
43
47
57
57
41
39
46
80
87
118
110
128
295
2,i
239I
4.5
67
81
86
96
68
99
125
133
128
117
127
103
126
210
217
256
259
383
1, 042
810
549
~r~ ~
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b )
(b )
(b )
(b )
(b)
(b)
(b )
(b )
(b)
(b )
(b)
(b)
(b)
19, 766
11, 788
39,955
21 , 809
22, 112
28, 228
59, 750
137,389
140, 487
80, 138
(b)
(b)
(b)
3,890
5,192
34, 264
38,435
9, 571
11,280
16,292
40,683
3G, 21S
18, 759
l~
a Including 5 strikes the results of which were not r ported.
(b )
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
3,93!1
2,327
21,832
16,326
4,022
3,686
4,816
18,468
20,809
10, 430
5, 854
12, 900
23,967
34,166
16,951
25,027
28,974
23, 322
38, 402
34, 733
30,800
32, 109
27,595
19,307
96, 051
76, 570
35, 705
43, 194
80,858
196,540
197,514
109,327
45
25,119
65 111,697
78 149,215
82 24.4,393
95
56, 772
66 218,612
95 191,204
123 215,880
129 167,657
123 258,059
114 216,907
122 234; 323
103 323, 261
126 125,968
2101,152,503
2171, 113,535
256 239, 292
259 231,590
383 493,093
1,0422, 146,184
810 2,539,331
549 l, ~39, 298
i~ll,208,049 ~ 12,203,266
Not reported.
c Including l strike the results of which were not reported.
Including 7 strikes the results of which were not reported.
e Including 2 strikes the results of which were not reported.
f Including 8 strikes the results of which were not reported.
g Including 4 strikes the results of which were not reported.
h Including 10 strikes the results of which were not reported.
i Including 3 strikes the results of which were not reported.
J Including 6 strikes the results of which were not reported.
k Including 11 strikes the results of which were not reported.
l Including 9 strikes the results of which were not reported.
m Including 25 strikes the results of which were not reported.
n Including 143 strikes the results of which were not reported.
o This total does not agree with the total in table showing strikes by number of strikers involved,
page 898; the computation is made, however, from figures in· the original reports.
p Not including figures for 1879 to 1893.
b
rl
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
895
The above table covers a period of 25 years, during which 5,267
strikes were reported; 5,220 of these strikes involved a total of 1,208,049 strikers, while in 5,184 strikes an aggregate loss of 12,203,266
working-days is reported. During the t en years 1894 to 1903
there were 561,422 men, 214,584 women, and 106,655 children under
15 years of age engaged in the strikes reported. -Of the 5,124 strikes
for which results were reported, 1,268, or· 24.8 per cent, succeeded;
1,944, or 37.9 per cent, were partially successful, and 1,912, or 37.3
per cent1 failed.
Strikes of agricultural laborers are not included in the foregoing
table, and the following table is presented to show the number of
strikes, strikers, and days lost in agricultural occupations for a
period of 23 years:
STRIKES IN AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS I T ITALY, BY YEARS, 1 1 TO 1903.
Year.
1881.. ...... .. .. ............. ... .. .......... .......... .. ..... ...
1882 .... .... ......... .. ... .. . .. .... .. ...... ········. ..... .... ...
1883 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1884. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1885. ..... .......... ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1886.. ...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
1887.. ... .. . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1888.. ..... . . ... .............. .. . . .. .. .. .. ..... . . ...... .........
Total
strikes.
Strikes
for which
strikers Strikers.
were reported.
1
,,
3
10
62
17
9
1
2
3
2
36
16
8
5
5
4
4
7
24
9
18
8
6
1
12
1889 ............................................ ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1890.. ...... ... .......... . ... .......... ............ .. .... .......
1891.. ... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
1892. . .. ... ........ .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
1 93............................................................
1894........... .. .. ................ .. ....... ..... . . .... ...... ...
1895. ........... ... ............... . .......... ... .......... .... ..
1896............................................................
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
10
18
8
7
1
12
1898.................. . . . .......................... .. ...... ... . .
36
36
1899.... .............. . .... ... . . ............................ ....
19CXl.......... .................... ...... .. . .. ... . . ......... . ....
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902 .................. :. ............ . ...........................
1903. ....... ....... .................... .... .....................
9
27
629
221
47
9
26
629
221
47
8
100
2,200
262
245
8,857
3,846
2,275
1,366
a 1,087
1,950
7,795
3,504
12,390
4,748
1,765
100
24,135
8,495
1,895
12,517
222,985
146,592
22,507
Aggregate
days of
work
lost.
200
4,400
1, 812
245
53,761
9,623
3,785
1,366
2,880
8,420
33,877
7,123
1,718,370
43,058
20,565
100
322,020
82,833
7,475
72,057
2,931, 766
2,024,833
341,847
1 -- - - t - - - - t - - - - ,
Total....................................................
1,170
1,130 a 491,616
a In 1 strike the number of families taking part was reported.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7,692,4Hi
896
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
More than half the 1,170 strikes occurring in agricultural occupations for the period covered by the above table were in the year 1901,
the next largest number taking place in the succeeding year.
The next table shows data for lockouts for a period of 25 years
and includes agricultural disturbances.
LOCKOUTS IN I TALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903.
I
Year.
:Lockouts
for which
Aggreemploy- E mploy- gate days
ees lock ed ees lock;_ed of work
out were
out.
lost .
r eportecl.
Total
Jockouts.
1879 ..... . .......................... .. .. ... .................. . .. ... ..... . . . . · . · . · . .. · · ..... · · · · · ·. : .. . . .
mt::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
iI
i
rn~L::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :r::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
f
f
1883 . .. .. ... .. . . ... . .... . ... . . . .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ..... ....
1884.. .... ..... . ..... . . . . .. . . . .. .. .. ... ....... .. .... . .. .. .. ......
1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
4
3
1
3
3
g:
·i!1
4
4
5
55
590
10
459
6, 800
b8
(a) 120
1888 ......... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
70
490
3
3
101
362
1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1890 . . .. .. . . . ............... ... ..................... : .. ...... .. .
5
5
3, 110
7,485
8
7
1, 064
1, 331
1891............ .... . ........ .. ......... . .. .. ... ... . ..... . .... ..
1892 . ... . ... . . ... . . . ................ . .......... . ........... . ..... .. ... .. .. ............................. .
1893........................... .. . ............. . . . ..... .... . ....
5
5
257
1,938
1894 . ...... .. .................................. . ................
11
11
1, 526
37,419
7
7
3,611
73, 763
1895............. .. ........... ...... ... ...... ....... .. ... . ......
1896. ... ......... . ................... . ......... .. ..... . .........
6
6
2, 267
18,243
1897 . ... ... .......... . ... . .. .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
9
3, 684
54, 350
1898................. . ..........................................
18
18
2,920
b 3, 434
1899....... . .................................................. ..
11
8
628
4,215
1900.... . .. .. .. ... .. ... . . ... . . . .. . . .... . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. ... ... . .. .
14
9
1, 508
6, 190
1901 .... .... ...... . .. .................. . ... .. .. . ......... . .. . .. .
30
30
10,828
55,231
1902.. . ........ .. .................. ..... .. .... . . .... . ... .. ... . ..
22
22
6,283
25,956
1903....... . . ....... . . .... . . . . ... . ..... ... . ... .... .. . .... . ......
21
21
4,283
60, 152
Total ......... .. .................... . . . .... .... . ....... ..
a
b
c
~~1~~
Not r eported.
Not includ ing days of work l ost in 8 lockouts in 8 establish ment s not reported.
Not including days of work lost in 9 lockouts not reported.
From this t able it appears that lockouts are of comparatively
infrequent occurrence in Italian industries. The average length
varies from a single day in 1880 to a little above two weeks in 1897
and 1903.
In the next table the strikes occurring within the period 1892 to
1903 are classified according to the industries affected. Results
are shown for nearly all the strikes reported, as well as the number
of strikers engaged. Strikes in agricultural employments are not
included.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
897
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN INDUSTRIES OTHER THAN AGRICUL'.rURE IN ITALY, BY
INDUSTRIES, 1892 TO 1903.
Strikes whichStrikes
for
Strikes
which
for which Total
Total results
Suestrikers
strikes. were
Sue- ceeded Failed.
strikers.
were
ceeded. partly.
rereported.
ported.
Industry.
- - - - --
Mining and qua rrying ...................
Foundry products, machinery, and car
and ship building ......................
Stone, glass, clay, and building trades ...
~f~~n~~~~~~~:::::: :: ::: ::::: ::::::: ::::
Textiles ... . . ... . . ......... .... ...........
Leather and hides .......................
Dyeing (skins and textiles), varnishing,
and gilding ............................
~lgJ~!~~---·_ ·.::::: :: ::::: ::: :::::::: :::::::
Transportation ..........................
Miscellaneous .......... _.. .... _........ _.
- - - - --
---
392
151
109
132
397
132, 770
346
965
120
108
1,040
113
340
958
119
107
1, 021
111
70
274
32
28
257
29
107
376
61
28
375
39
163
308
26
51
389
43
346
962
120
108
1, 040
113
66,642
168,935
10,240
7,293
198,301
7,958
46
209
221
275
365
45
209
217
270
355
8
52
54
15
80
81
119
134
22
77
82
74
143
46
209
221
274
364
6,393
116,730
32,075
77,446
120, 787
1,5241 1,510
4,200
945, 570
- - - - --
'.rota! .. _.... ____ . - -- ---- ---------- -
- --
403
4,211
4,144
77
78
- -1,110
Textile industries lead in the number both of strikes and strikers.
In only three groups-those of mining and quarrying, wood working,
and transportation-does the number of successful strikes equal the
number of those that failed. The totals show, as in the case of the
table for the longer period on page 894, that the number of strikes
succeeding partly slightly exceeds the number that failed, which in
turn is considerably larger than the total number of successful strikes.
In the following tables are presented the strikes occurring within
the same period as the above, showing the strikes and strikers for
each year separately, in the same industry groups as were used in the
foregoing table:
STRIKES AND STRIKERS IN INDUSTRIES OTHER TUAN AGRICULTURE IN ITALY,
BY YEARS AND INDUSTRIES, 1892 TO 1903.
Strikes.
Foundry
products,
machinery,rar
and
ship
building.
I
Y ear.
Mini.ng
and
quarrying.
I
Stone,
clay,
glass, Wood Print- Tex- Leathand
and work- ing.
tiles. er
build- ing.
bides.
ing
trades.
Dyeing,
varMisnish- Cloth- Foods. Transporta- cella- Total.
ing, ing.
tion.
neous
.
and
gilding.
--- - -- - --- -- - - --- - ---- - - - - - - - - 1892. ___
1893 ....
1894 ... :
1895 ....
1896 ....
1897 ....
1898 ....
1899 ....
1900 ....
1901. ...
1902 ....
1903 .... ,
19
19
21
16
61
10
26
30
25
66
52
58
4
7
8
8
21
17
14
25
44
75
77
46
Total.
403 1
346
24
41
3
5
1
44
19 ......
24
1 ..... . .
15
25
1
38
9
21
3
5
50
45
4
72
3
64
3
79
5
42
2
5
73
12
124
10
88
227
268
43
22
160
220
27
21
125
22_21 _ _ 117
965
309B-07-57
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
120
j
108 j 1, 040
1 --····
6 · ·- --11
5
1
7
2
9
8
2
5
5
4
3
4
1
24
11
8
19
16
7
I
113
46
6 .......
4
3
7
3
2
3
15
5
18
15
15
9
12
11
16
7
48
70
44
54
22_
41
209
I
221
I
119
131
8
16
9
7
8
9
12
21
19
89
49
28
8
12
5
9
10
14
19
31
33
99
79
46
126
210
217
256
259
383
1, 042
810
549
275
365
4,211
109
898
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
STRIKES AND STRIKERS IN INDUSTRIES OTHER THAN AGRICULTURE I
BY YEARS AND IND USTRIES , 1892 TO 1903-Concluded.
ITALY,
Strikers.
Mining
and
quarrying.
Y ear.
- --
1892 ....
1893 ....
1894 .. ..
1895 ....
1896 ... .
1897 ....
1898 ....
1899 ....
1900 ....
1901. ...
1902 ....
1903 ....
Foundry
products,
machinery,car
and
ship
building.
Stone,
clay,
glass, Wood Print- Tex- Leat hand
and work-· ing.
tiles . er
build- ing.
hides.
mg
trades.
- - - - --- -- - - --- 8, 280
638
3,840
805
13, 318 1,814
3, 486
571
31,007 2,816
1,261 1, 988
5,542 1,573
9, 203 5, 617
7,914 4, 837
16, 126 15, 053
14,899 16, 940
17,894 13, 990
-
.
-- -
Dyeing,
varMisnish- Cloth- Foods. Transporta- cella- Total.
ing,
ing.
t ion. neous.
and
gilding.
-
1-
------ --
-
7,679
14, 061
2,514
7,738
9,706
15, 340
13, 285
10, 816
18, 135
43i 553
41 , 127
14,347
12 ......
559 . ....... 5, 140 3,242 30, 800
216 5,147 2,367 32, 109
447 . . ....
532
412
975
525
885 1,818 27,595
603
148
671
733 19,307
459
450
90
882
273 43,763 1, 601 1, 201 1, 063 96,051
974
713 43~652 2,268 2,114 l, 729 76,570
145
97
809 1,491 2,621 2, 729 35, 705
223 1,230 1,561 6,092 2, 984 43, 194
86
210
37 1,348
672 8,655 25,953 80, 858
1,155 2, 908 7, 713 13, 064 23,789 18, '227 196, 540
1, 941 1,080 5,781 5,716 15,836 49,289 197,514
1,04.4
200 10, 220 4,871 5,295 10,653 109,327
7,293 198, 301
7,958 6,393 116, 730 32, 075 77, 446 120, 7871945, 570
4, 405
345
500
4, 684 --- --10
4,681
50 . .... ..
4,517
90
354
122
278
3,339
328
6,056
147
124
273
7, 016
5,111
120
151
11, 417 1, 008
672
48, 498 4,531 1,923
41 , 482 2,247 1, 176
27,729 1,301 1, 783
------ ----- ---- -
Total. 132,770 66,642 168, 935 10,240
- - - -- -
The two tables following show for industri s other than agriculture the strikes occurring from 1879 to 1903, classified first by days of
duration and second by number of strikers involved. The data for
the years 1879 to 1891, inclusive, are combined, those for subsequent
years being shown separately.
&TRIKES IN INDUSTRIES OTHER THAN AGRICULTURE IN IT ALY, BY DURATION
AND YE.A.RS, 1879-1891 TO 1903.
Days of
duration.
3 or under ..
4 to 10 ......
11 to 30 .....
Over 30. ... .
18791891.
1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. ·1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Total.
------ -
---------- ---- --- -
52
33
127
61
44
192
Total. .. al,017 a 116 a 125 a 104
126
633
256
112
16
60
36
191 1
67
39
118
---------
91
70
42
7
19
153
57
33
13
210 a2]6
256
H)4
56
37
325
481
208
105
255
330
55
177
167
15
54
63
-259
383 1, 042 181of
161
70
23
5
219
169
119
42
2,615
1,520
826
252
5491a5, 213
a This total does not agr ee with the figures given iii the gener a l table of strikes, p. 894; the figures are
reproduced, however, as shown in the original r eport.
STRIKES IN INDUSTRIES OTHER THAN AGRICULTURE IN ITALY, BY NUMBER
OF STRIKERS INVOLVED AND YEARS, 1879-1891 TO 1903.
Strikers in- 1879volved.
1891.
1 to 49 ......
50 to 99 ... . .
100 to 199 ...
200 to 499 ...
500 to 999 ...
1,000 or over.
1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896.
1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Tota l.
-- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- ---- -- --
26.5
203
195
219
86
53
27
18
26
27
11
8
Total. .. al,021
117
28
40
16
18
18
5
7
39
34
21
27
3
2
54
127 alQ4
126
210
- 24
22
41
6
6
35
46
52
14
9
70
52
44
31
14
6.
I 217
·92
55
63
6
5
98
51
48
39
15
8
256
259
35
116
95
88
62
13
9
406
214
176
157
55
34
319
162
148
114
37
30
383 11, 042 1 810
223
104
97
82
19
24
1,777
1,063
992
904
284
201
--
549 1a5,2Zl
a This total does not agree with the figures given in the general table of strikes, p. 894; the figures are
reproduced, however, as shown in the original report.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.--'-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
-899
Slightly more than one-half of the total number of strikes reported
in the first table above had a duration of 3 days or less, an additional
29.2 per cent lasting from 4 to 10 days. But 4.8 per cent lasted more
than 30 days.
Of the 5,221 strikes considered in the second table, 34 per cent
involved from 1 to 49 employees, an additional 20.4 per cent falling
in the next class, so that 54.4 per cent of all the strikes involved fewer
than 100 employees each.
The last series of tables presented for strikes in Italy show for industries other than agriculture the number of strikes each year from 1879
to 1903 for which results are reported, together with the number of
employees involved in the strikes that succeeded, those that succeeded
partly, and those that failed. These are classified according to the
four principal causes, other causes being grouped under a fifth general
head. The tables follow:
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN ITALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903.
1879.
Cause or object.
Strikes
Strikes whichStrikers
Strikers in strikes
for
in strikes
whichwhich 1 - -~ - - - - - 1 forwhich 1 - - - - - - ~- -'~eesrulerte":. Sue- cee
Sudce-d
results
Sue
Sue"
d d
Failed. were re- ceeded ceeaed Failed.
ported. cee e • partly.
ported. ·
• partly.
- -- - - - - -- - - -1--- - - - - -
- --- ---- ---------
F<;>r increase of wages.............
12
2
3
1,634
162
297
1, 175
Against reduction of wages. . . . . . .
3 ........
2
185 . . . . . . . .
HiO
25
For reduction of hours. . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........
1 ........
120 . . . . . . . .
120 ....... .
Against increase of hours .......................................................................... .
Other causes......................
11
4
7
1,912
940
972
Total ....................... .
'27
15
3,851
162
1,517
2,172
1880.
Forincreaseofwages....... .. ....
16
4
5
7
3,219
1,160
1,360
699
Against reduction of wages . . . . . . .
1
1
280
280
For reduction of hours......... . . .
2 ........
1
1
265 . . . . . . . .
180
85
Against increase of hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Other causes.. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
7 . .. .. .. .
2
5
2,236 .. . .. .. .
800
1, 436
Total. ......... ............. .
13
26
6,000
1,160
2,620
2, 220
1881.
For increase of wages ............ .
Aga.inst reduction of wages ...... .
For reduction of hours ....... .... .
Against increasJ of hours ........ .
Other causes ..................... .
Total .... ................... ..
20
2
7
11
3
1
1
1
4 ........
1
3 '
1
1 ............... .
~
2
7
4,270
43
2,362
1,865
516
90
26
400
413
85
328
40
40 ............... .
2,903 . . . . . . . . 1,980
923
- - -1- - - ·1- - - - + - --l-----+- - - - - - 37
4
11
22
8,142
173
4, 453
3,516
1882.
For increase of wages.............
29
13
12
3,662
472
1, 703
1, 487
gainst reduction of wages. . . . . . .
4 ........ ........
4
720 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
720
For reduction of hours.. . . . . . . . . . .
1 ........ ........
1
7 ........ ........
7
_<\.gainst increase of hours ........ ........... .... . ....... ...... ... ........ .. ...... .. ... .. ....... ... . .
Other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1
3
7
1, 465
150
500
815
Total. ...................... .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
24
5,854
622
2, 203 1
3,029
900
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN ITALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903-Contlnued.
1 883 .
Cause or object.
Strikes
Strikes whichfor
which
Sueresults Sueceeded Failect.
were re- ceeded.
p a rtly.
ported.
Strikers in strikes
Strikers
whichin strikes
for which
results
Sue / ceeded
Suc- 1Failed.
were re- ceeded
ported.
• 1partly.
--- -
-------
- - - -- -
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours .... ....... .
Against increase of hours ....... . .
Other causes .......... . .. .... ... . .
40
20
9
4
5 -------2 .. ...... ........
11
1
2
6,733
3,329
221
::~:;j .. ~~~~~.
1,114
25
221
18
1
5
12
2,089 • •••• 53· 1···· 633.
1, 403
Total ........................
65
10
29
26
12,372
23
3
3
17
2
15,258
3,637
6,580
200 •
690
1, 115
228 -------228
1,371
1,320 -- ----- 767
2,774
4,685
1,570
I
2,763
8,039
1 884.
5,041
22
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ......................
49
6
3
4
15
-------2
4
--------5
Total ........... ........... ..
77
16
34
27
22,657
5,924
10,272
6,461
17
3
1
1
10
15
22,970
682
233
400
7,618
13,500
300
80
2,087
1,370
7,383
382
43
150
3,749
Total ........................ --79- - --22- ---32- ---25- ~ 15, 250
11, 707
9
1
-------2
6
-------51
1, 14
1885.
For increase of wages ...... .... .. .
Against reduction of wages ...... .
For reduction of hours .. . ........ .
Against increase of hours .. ...... .
Other causes ........ .. ........... . .
46
4
3
2
24
14
1
1
6
1
1
8
110
250
2,499
I
4, 946
1886.
For increase Qf wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours ........ .
Other causes ................ . .... .
Total .................. . .....
44
3
12
4
8
3
1 ........
4
29
22
4
2
1
10
94
39
14
19
4
3
7,291
295
2·,369
610
346
961
200 ·· ···· -·
6,432
195
41
17,253 1 1,446
-- -----15
4, 022
2,974
1, 050
709
245
370
200 . .......
1,325
4, 912
6,842
8,965
..~~~'.~., 12,344
450
425
4,350
70
40
1887.
For increase of wages ....... ... .. .
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours .... .. ......
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ........ .. ............
Total .... . ......... .. ..... ...
35
6
5
2
18
--66
4
1
4
15
16
l
5
4
1
1 .... ....
4
10
9
29
28
24, 177
4,285
8
21
16
4
5
5
4
13,840
3,915
2,088
920
7, 284
5,890
890
• 1,898
-------1,346
28,047
10,024
--- ------ ------
20, 572
520
465
885
1,735
-- ----85-322
------906
800
507
14, 526 1
5,366
1888.
For increase of wages .......... .. .
Against reduction of wages ...... .
For reduction of hours ..... ...... .
Against increase of hours .. ... .. . .
Other causes .................. ~ .. .
45
13
8
2 . . ... .. .
27
5
2
1
2 . .. .... .
10
12
Total ..... ........ . .......... --95-, - 22- ~
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
33
4, 460
3,490
2,435
590
110
80
920 ........
2, 382
3,556
11,481
I
6,542
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
·901
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN ITALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903-Continued.
1889.
Cause or object.
Strikes
Strikes whichfor
which
Sueresults Sueceeded Failed.
were re- ceeded.
partly.
ported.
Strikers in strikes
Strikers
whichin strikes
-for which
results
SueSuewere re- ceeded. ceeded Failed.
partly.
ported.
- - - ---· - - - ---- - - - - - - - --
For increase of wages ..............
Against reduction of wages·.......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ............... .......
Total ........................
57
5
13 .. .. ....
6
3
1
3
39
3
33
7
1
2
20
12
63
---
118 1
19
6
2
-------16
43
13,469
350 10,296
1,816 -------- 1,360
140
773
488
480
530
50
2,917
5,829
550
2,823
456
145
-------2,362
------
22,417
1,438
23,076
2, 982
2, 620
245
6, 337
10,632
490
15,193
5,786
1890.
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ..................... .
Total ........................
73
13
11
2
29
15
2
2
1
3
24
34
3
8
4
5
1 .... ....
16
10
128
23
58
47 ~
9
1
27
7
6
11
15,684
4,563
1,490
1,055
10,960
-------1, 000
4
14
15
8
2
18
15
51
57
33,752
7,865
13
7
17
9
1
2
2
------------
800
45
360
1 12,327
9,307
3,131
490
2,002
440
1, 380
200 -------5,030
947
-----15,467
7,466
1891.
For increase of wages . ... ... . .... .
~~;~1u~11gitifig~r':~~~.s_ •. ·_ •. ·_::: •
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ......................
Total ... ... ... . .. . ...........
50
23
14
3
33
-------1
-----123
2, 395
120
9,884
977
253
........
4,350
2,340
3, 405
3,466
1,237
55
4,270
13,454
12,433
2, 050
1,628
40
350
l _,764
3,514
2,263
250
280
9,409
5,832
15,716
4,713
1, 341
815
300
6,601
2,602
1,750
123
1892.
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
:For reduct~on of hours .... ........
Against increase of hours ... ......
Other causes ......................
Total. .......................
39
9
23
7
4
1
4 -------44
7
24
114
10
2
27
6,642
1,078
7,551
3,660
1,790
1,500
630 -------13,571
2,398
33
57
30, 184 1 8,636
18
10
4
1
13
18
7
2
13,386
6,071
3,931
840
1,519
581
300 ........
12,492
1,705
- -- - - -
1893.
For increase of wages ....... ......
Against reduct ion of wages .......
For reduction of hours ... ..........
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ....... =. .............
51
22
11
1
36
Total ........................
121
15
5
5
-------9
I
34
---- ---14
46
41
31,628 1 9, 197 1 13, 770
10
6
2
15
17,685
2,720
1,498
1,007
155
2,539
330 -------1, 472
5,293
39 1
27,345
--- -- -- 4, 186
--8,661
1894.
F or increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
F or reduct ion of hours ...... ......
A gain st increase of hours .........
Other causes ............ ... .......
Total ......... .. .............
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
18
46
18
12
4
2
. 2
4
12
2 -------- -- --- --31
11
5
103
35 1
29 1
6
5, 354
4,511
67
1,359
-------568
10, 454
424
1,025
330
3,253
6,505
15, 486
902
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN ITALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903-Continued.
1895.
Cause or object.
Strikes
Strikes whichfor
which
results SueSue.
were re- ceeded ceeded Failed.
• partly.
ported.
Strikers in strikes
Strikers
which-:in strikes
for which
results
Sue
Suewere re- ceede-d.
ceeded F a iled.
ported.
partly.
I
------
- - - ---- - - -
For increase of wages ........ . ....
Against reduct ion of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours . . .......
Ot her causes ... .. . , .. ... ..........
Total. .......................
45
22
9
13
4
5
18
6
2
14
12
2
8,513
3,093
1,239
3,107
262
931
50
19
13
18
6,462
2,130
126 1
41'- I
39 1
46 1
19,307 1 6,430
28
8
35
9
78,722
5,723
980
267
10,359
4, 511
901
206
I
895
1,930
102
2,010
2,322
7,628
5, 249
10,424
3,281
5,499
1, 194
320
I
1896.
For increase of wages ............ .
Against reduction of wages ..... . .
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ...... ... .. .. .........
Total ........................
111
26
6
2
65
48
9
4
1
17
210
79
----- -··
2
62,799
1, 248
660
250
2,790
-------17
1
14
34
51
80 ~
38
6
5
40
11
3
1
32
60,559
4,426
3,551
230
7,804
60
87
76, 5701 8, 094 1 57, 157 1 1~, 319
37
10
2
1
18
46
20
4
3
45
16,779
6,902
891
908
10,225
------ ------
3,381
I 67, 747 1 17, 103
1, 188
~20
1897.
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours . .... ..... ..
Against increase of hours .. . ......
Other causes .. . ...................
Total. .. .. ...... . ............
106
27
16
1
67
28
10
8
--------------24
11
-----------217
70
3,926
912
545
50,758
1,803
1,765
--------------2,711
2,831
5,875
1,711
1,241
230
2,262
1 898.
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages ..... . .
For reduction of hours ..... ... ....
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes . . . ....... ..... ...... .
113
44
12
7
80
30
14
6
3
17
Total .... . ............. . ..... 2 5 61--70-
- --
68 - - 1-1sf a5, 105
4,185
1,518
375
340
3,046
I 9, 464
5,513
2,004
130
7
3,576
11,230
7,081
3,380
386
561
31603
I 15,01
189 9.
for increase of wages ...... . ......
Against reduction of wages ...... .
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes ......................
113
28
17
5
96
25
39
49
11
11
6
9
5
3
3 ........
2
32
45
19
- - - --80_1_ _
69- - -Total. ....... . ... . ... . .. . ....
259
110
19,539
4,325
3, 631
2,384
13, 315
~
I
3,660
2,263
2,150
. 484
5,649
9,356
1,209
1, 332
------4,646
14,206 1 16,543
6,523
853
149
1,900
3, 020
--12, 445
1 9 00. (a)
For increase of wages .............
Against reduction of wages . . .. . ..
For reduction of hours ... . ........
M~~~~a:s~~e-~s_e_~~ _1~~~:.s.".".•. ~:::::
181
29
31
6
136
45
10
16
4
37
Total ........................
383
112
84
10
7
26,370
2,998
3,516
694
47,280
7,670
865
1,454
599
24,011
11,148
1, 44J
792
··-·····
42
52
9
8
2
57
------16,638
7,552
684
1, 270
95
fi,631
143
128
80,858
34,599
30,027
16,232
a Not including 27 agricultural strikes, not reported by causes, of which 8 were successful, 11 were
partly successful, and 8 resulted in failure.
•
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
903
CAUSE S AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN ITALY, BY YEARS, 1879 TO 1903-Concluded .
190 1.
Cause or object .
Strikes
Strikes whichfor
wnich
Sueresults Sueceeded Failed.
were re- ceeded
. partly.
ported.
Strikers in strikes
Strikers
whichin strikes
for which
results
SueSue- ceeded
Failed.
were re- ceeded.
ported.
partly.
--- --- --- ---- --- --- - --
For increase of wages .............
Against reduct ion of wages .......
For reduct ion of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes (a) .... . .............
Tot al (a) ....................
657
27
67
4
287
187
8
21
1
77
313
8
29
1
77
157
17
2
108
117,492
3, 824
13,158
475
61,591
28,100
845
2,924
40
18,654
70,706
2,037
4,859
305
17,313
18,686
942
5,375
130
20,058
1,042
294
428
295
196,540
50,..563
95,220
45,191
250
15
11
4
83
131
10
15
3
112
123, 397
4,607
7,115
1,684
60,711
15,434
187
1,087
70
7, 425
76,524
3,732
2,471
. 144
23,574
31, 43J
3,557
1,470
28,613
271
I 197,514
24,203 106,445
65,767
95
19
19
6
99
55,995
4,602
4,836
644
43,2.50
9,025
459
2,142
22
4, 239
33,573
1,960
1,106
13,397
2,183
1,588
13,421
21,003
238 1 109,327
15 887
50,096
38,757
11
- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
190 2 .
For increase of wages . ............
Against reduct ion of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Ot her causes (b) . . ......... ..... ...
Total (b) ....................
469
30
39
8
264
--810
88
5
13
1
58
16513631
688
1903.
For increase of wages ............ .
Against reduction of wages .......
For reduction of hours ............
Against increase of hours .........
Other causes (c) . . ...............
Total (c) ........ . ..... . .....
264
46
38
8
193
549 1
53
8
11
1
33
116
19
8
1
51
106
195
a Results of 25 strikes, involving 5,566 strikers, not reported.
b
Results of 11 strikes, involving 1,099 strikers, not reported .
c Results of 10 strikes, involving 4,587 strikers, not rep orted.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36
586
904
RE:rORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR,
NETHERLANDS.
The statistics of strikes and lockouts in the Netherlands were compiled from annual reports published since 1901 by the Netherlands
central bureau of statistics. The strikes and lockouts are considered separately in these reports and are .so presented in the present
compilation.
The two following tables give a summary of the strikes and lockouts in the Netherlands for each year of the period 1901 to 1905:
STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1905.
Strikes which-
Year.
Strikes
_Were f~r
1_n<;1-ef- which
m1te, number
'l'otal
Sue-_
un- of <:sstri~es Sue- ceed Fail- set- tablishceed- ed
ed tled , m~nts
ed. part• or
111ly.
~~~ ;~;vi~port- ported.
ed.
1901. .. .
1902 ... .
1903 ... .
1904 ... .
1905 ... .
115
128
149
85
126
Total. . 603
39
48
39
22 .
22
170
17
27
37
25
54
33
42
60
34
47
160
216
Est_ablishm~nts
mvolved.
Strikes
Strikes
for
Strikes
for
which
f~r
which
number Days whwh
number Strik- of days lost by numbe~ Days
of strik· ers. lost by strik- of days lost by
ers was
strikers. lost by others.
reportw!sr~e~~~e{:_
ed.
ported.
ported.
26
11
13
4
3
84
113
132
83
124
192
394
327
123
318
58 4,182
119 12,652
136 33,487
84 4,432
125 4,657
57 [
536
1,354
522 59,410
a
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
82
120
86,820
53,439
202 140,259
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
83
119
61,183
44, 471½
202 105, 654½
Not r eported.
LOCKOUTS IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1905.
Lockouts which-
Year.
Total
lockouts.
LockLockLockout s for
outs for
outs for
which
which
which EstabEm- aggreEnded number lish- number
of em- ployees gate
Suewith
reof es- ments ployees
Sue- ceeded Fai\ed. sults tablishlocked
days of
inceeded. pa rtly.
out.
duranot re- ments volved. locked
out
tion
ported. was rewas rewas reported.
ported.
ported.
Aggregate
days of
duration. (a)
--- - - - - --- - - --- --- --- - --
1901. . . .....
1902 ...... .,
1903 ........
1904 ........
1905 ........
Total ....
7
14
14
17
6
2
5
7
9
2
58
25
----· --4
2
5
2
2
3
3
5
5
6
361
6
380
5
6
1
16
14
3
54
123
56
13,224
49
1, 711½
14
15
14
2,381
12
519
-------13
24 •
14
1,021
11
293½
------ -17
74
16
6,754
14
355½
---- ---5
5
6
2,707
6
163½
-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
a Not including Sundays and holidays in 1901.
During the five-year period from 1901 to 1905 there TNere 603
strikes, 536 of which affected 1,354 establishments and 522 involved
59,410 strikers. The data showing working-days lost are given for
the last two years only, and are incomplete. Of the 603 strikes
which occurred during the five years, 170, or 28.2 per cent, succeeded; 160, or 26.5 per cent, succeeded partly; 216, or 35.8 per cent,
failed; and in the case of 57, or 9.5 per cent, the result remained indefinite or was not reported.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
J
)
905 .
CHAP, IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
During the same period there were 58 lockouts, of which 25, or
43.1 per cent, succeeded; 16, or 27.6 per cent, succeeded partly; 14, or
24.1 per cent, failed, and in the case of 3, or 5.2 per cent, the result
was not reported.
The following table shows, by groups of industries and by years,
the number and results of strikes and the number of entablishments
and strikers involved:
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1901 TO
1905.
Strikes whichi----,-----,------i
Industry and year.
Total
strikes.
St "k
fn es
or
i:i~i- n~~~~r E~tabSucnite
of
lishc~t Fail- unset- estab- m~nts
tied
lishmpart- ed.
or n~t ments volved.
Jy.
p:Z.~~d.
!~t
ed.
;~~t!t
Products of stone, clay, glass, etc.:
-
-
-1-- - -
-
ported.
t •••• 14••• • •54•......
~.
........
i~L :::::::::::::::::::::::::
16
11
15
2~~
1
7
7
7
150
2 .. __ . _ .. . _._ .. I
3
10
• 3
126
4
4 ····--··l _ _s____s____s___3~
lg
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2
1904...........................
3
1
1905 ••......................... _ _s___
Total ...................... .
Strikes
for
which
number Strik0!
ers.
strikwae:sre-
33
11
8
Cutting of diamonds and other
precious stones:
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
4 ......
1902....... ..... .. . ........ . ...
8
4
3
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
5
1
1904 .................. . _. ... .. _ ........ _.. .. ..... __
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 ......
2
Total.···················:·· _ _
23_
13
13
39
1,504
29
......
5
5 ............... .
......
7
7
8
3,637
......
1
7
7
7
494
.... __ ................ _............... ____ .. _.
1 ........
3
3
3
68
6
j
30
3
22
22
18
4,199
Printing:
1901 ............................................................................................ .
1902............... .. ... .. .....
5 ......
2
3
5
7
5
62
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 ...... ......
5
l
6
6
6
93
1904...........................
6
2
2
2 ........
6
7
6
100
1905....... . . ... . .. ............
4 ......
1
3 ........
4
4
4
44
Total. .................... . .
21
Building trades:
1901......... ..... .............
1902.... .... ...................
1903 ........ ···················
1904 ........... ····· ···········
1905 ... ························
29
35
45
23
35
Total.......................
167
5
• 13
9
16
10
6
5
4
5
13
5
15
10
12
19
10
12
46
42
63
21
24
21
299
6
2
3
2
3
22
30
39
22
34
26
154
108
22
107
21
33
42
22
34
1,578
2,218
1,896
1, 382
1,467
16
147
417
152
j
8,541
Chemica l products:
========i=
1901................. . ... . . . . ..
1 ...... ......
1 ........
1
1
1
29
:.r :::i
11:: :: : ::: :: :i ;: :
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1 ......
Wood working, cork, straw, etc. :
1901 .......................... .
1902 .•••••..•.••...••. ·••·•·••·
1903 ....... . .................. .
1904 .......................... .
1905 ••••• •••••• •••••••••••••• ••
3
3
7
7
2
------ -----4
Total ...................... .
22
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
2
1
3
.2 . . . . . . . .
----2. 2
4
.. ... .
1
1
--------
--------------·
\ : i:
iii
3
3
3
144
3
3
7
7
2
3
3
9
7
2
1
3
7
7
2
80
116
111
154
22
22
24
20
483
906
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1901 TO
1905- Continued.
Strikes whichSt "k
1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1 fnor es
Total
strikes.
Industry and year.
Succ~f- Fail- unsettled,
p art- ed. or not
ly.
reported.
!~~~
ed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - --
Strikes
for
i:i~~L
n~~r E~tab- which
nite
of
llsh- number
-- ---- -
01
estab- m_ents
st nklishmments volved. ers
was rewas reported.
ported.
Strike rs.
- - - - - - - - - - - - --
Clothing, cleaning, etc.:
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1 ......
3
3
3
65
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1 ......
2
2
2
19
1903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
6 ......
3
9
35
9
381
1904 ....... ...................... .. ....... .... ........ . .......... ..... __ ...... _. _ . _.. _. . _ ...... _.
1905.......... ............... ..
2 ......
2 ...... ........
2
2
2
81
16
Total .................... .. .
2
8
Hi..
5
546
16
42
L eather, oHcloth, rubber, etc.:
1901 .................................................... _ .. .. _.... ________ . __ . _.. __ .. ___ __ _____ .:
1902 ................. . ..................................... __ . ___ . ___ . __ ___ _. _____ _____ __ ·. _____ ..
5
1~L:::::::::::::::::::::::::
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining:
1901 .......................... .
1902 .......................... _
1903 ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••
1904 ......... ... ....... .. . ... . .
1905 ........ .... ... .. . - - - - . - - . Tota l. .. ...... ..... ..... . ...
L:::~:
i!::::\::::.::: ! !I ! 1
7
3
3
16
7
6
j
5
3
1
1 ........
7
7
1
2
90
102
1,097
5,030
50
500
2
3
5
1
1 ....... .... ... .
1 ...... ......
l ....... .
1
1 ............. .
25
10
I
8
4
3
1
1
1
25
3
10
270
j
7
70
400
60
14
7,087
"''ffT++++ JI: .J: J:l :} :J::m
::::l
Total ....................... _ _
13___4_ 1__2___4_
3
12
12
10
433
""'fftF/FFTT/::: J d>: :i :: : ::: : : ::::::.::
1905 _..... .... ... ...... _....... _
Total.......................
1 .....
7
-I
1 ...... ........
1
1
1
40
~ 1__3 _ _4 . . . . . . . .
7
7
7
504
---j-- - -
Car and ship building:
--1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
1 ...... ......
1 ........
1
1 ............... .
1902 ......................................... 1................................................... .
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ...... 1.. ... .
1 ........
1
1
1
19
1904 ........ ·· ·· · -··· ··. · · ····· . .... : ...... . ·' · _. ... ······ ............... _ ........ ······· ...... .. .
1905..................... . .....
1 ...... ......
1 ........
1
1
1
30
Total ............. . ........ .
3 ... .... .... .
3 ....... .
3
3
2
49
Paper:
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ...... ...... ......
1
1
1 ............... .
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1 ......
1 ........
2
2
2
76
1903...........................
2 ...... ......
2 ........
2
4
2
39
1904 .......... •.• ............... . ......... .. .. . ................... . ...... .. .. . ........ ... . ... .. .. .
1905 .. ······· · ··· ··· ··· · ······· ........... ........ ..... .. ........... .... ......... · ······· ....... .
Total........... . ............
5
1
Textiles:
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1905...........................
4
5
6
8
8
2
1
1
2
Total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
J
6
······I
1
I
2
3
1
2
4
1
4
4
4
13
3
I
12 j........ j
5 _ _7____4___
4
5
6
8
8
4
5
6
8
8
?l
31
2
5
5
8
8
il5
43
194
320
715
211
28 ~
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
907
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY INDUSTRIES AND YEARS, 1901 TO
1905-Concluded.
Strikes which·1 - - - - - - - , ' - - - - , -- - - 1
Strikes
for
Strikes
for
i~~~f- n:~~~r E~tab- which
Sucnite
of
llsh- number StrikT?tal Sue- ceeders.
stnkes. ceed- Pd Fail- unset- es.tab- mf:t~ st~i~tled,
ltsh- volved.
ers
ed. p art- ed .
0
ly.
\~_ot w~~n~!was reported. ported.
ported.
Industry and year.
--
-- -- --- --- - -- --- ---
Foods and drinks (including tobacco):
1901 ................... . ...... .
1902 .......................... .
1903 ••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••
1904 ............. ··············
1905 .•. ····•·•····•····· ...... .
14
31
18
19
37
3
10
4
4
7
3
7
2
5
15
5
7
7
10
15
3
7
5
14
25
15
19
37
21
19
37
6
25
15
19
37
82
371
439
207
479
Total ...................... .
119
28
32 1
44
15
110
118
102
1,578
Agriculture: •
.
1901 .......................... .
1902 ............... ......... .. .
1903 .......................... .
1904 ...... ....... .. .. ... .. ... . .
1905 .......................... .
13
6
6
7
2
4
2
3
2
1
1
2
1
3
6
2
2
2
1
2
9
4
3
6
2
20
54
3
13
101
6
6
5
7
2
324
314
165
368
460
Total ...................... .
14
27
--------------------- --2
24
1,631
34
12
13
191
26
7
-------
Commerce:
1901 ... ··············· ........................................................... ··••···· ....... .
1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2 ...... ...... ........
2
2
2
18
1903 ................ :. . . . . . . . . .
7
1
2
3
1
7
7
7
228
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ...... ......
2 .. . . .. ..
2
3
2
13
1905............. ........... .. .
2 ......
1
1 ........
2
2
2
38
13
14
13
~
rn
~
I
1--m
121
48
30,370
i
i
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - -- 4 - - -
Total.......................
13
3
3
6
1
i6
3
17
5
51
i
i
2
2
j- ----- --~:L ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1i ~ i
Transportation:
1
1903 ....... .... ·· · ·· ··· · ·······1
1904 .......................... ·1
1905 •..........................
Total.......................
: rro'i!~nt:'
: ::
:
:
/
15
6
18_
__
1 57
.
f :
3
3
8
5
1
6
21
14
f
: :
12
53
12
28,140
6 1
6
6
215
__
11____
31____
18___1~~
1
4
:
297
:
I
I
:
~
i~L: :::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~.: :::::: :::::: ::::: ...... ~ ....... ~.1.. .. .. ~ ....... ~ ....... ~
Total....... ... .. ...........
3
1 ........... ·1
I
2
2
77
Pubf~rt~~~:
::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~. :::::: :::::: ::::::1...... ~. :::::::: :::::::: ::: ::::: ::::::::
1903 ...... ...... ....... ....... ... .. ... . ...... ..... ..... ··1--······ ............................... .
i~L::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::
Total........... ......... ...
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 /· ····· ····--1-····· J
1 •······· /· ·-- ···· •••••••• ....... .
908
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY. INDUSTRIES, FOR THE PERIOD
1901 TO 1905.
Strikes which-
Industry.
Total
strikes.
!~f
ed.
Strikes
Strikes
Were w~~h Estab- f~r
indefi- number lish- which
Sucnite,
of es- ments number Strikc~~t Fail- unset- tablish- involv- s'·rfiers ers.
pa rt- ed. tled, or ments
ed.
L
not re- was rewas re~
ly.
ported. ported.
ported.
- - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - -1- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -
Products of stone, clay, glass, etc.
Cuttin&' of diamonds and other
precious stones.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building trades.................. ..
Chemical products.......... . .....
Wood working, cork, straw, etc..
Clothing, cleaning, etc............
L~~her , oilcloth, rubber, etc . . . .
Mining.. ... ........ .. .... . ...... . .
Metal working. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery, instruments, etc.. .. ..
Car and ship building . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper...... . ............. . .... . ...
Textiles.. . ....... . ........ .. .. . ...
Foods and drinks (including tobacco) ....... .... ...... . ...... .
Agriculture ......... . ......... . .. .
Commerce ................ . ... . .. .
Transportation ............ . ..... .
Professions ...................... .
Public service ................. . .. .
Total ................. . .... .
33
8
11
13
23
21
167
3
13
6
5
1
13
63
22
16
• 7
25
13
7
3
5
31
2
46
42
1 ..... .
3
9
2
8
3
3
10
8
4
2
3
1 ..... .
13
6
110
ioo
1
16
2 .. ·••• · .
8
5
1
4
4
4
3
3
30
39
29
1,504
22
21
147
3
22
16
22
24
417
18
21
31
14
10
7
2
4
28
4,199
299
8,541
144
483
546
70
7,087
433
504
49
115
1,483
118
191
14
121
102
26
13
48
1, 578
1,631
297
30,370
7
10
12
12
32
44
119
28
13
34
12
7
13
3
6
3
21
14
17
57
1 ........... .
3
1 ................. .
603
3
15
2
1
5
3
24
42
7
270
12
7
3
7
3
5
31
7
llO
24
13
152
3
20
16
7
51
2
2
2
77
1 .... .. ......................... .
2
216 - 57- ~
11,3541~
1 59,410
Of the 20 groups of industries enumerated above, that of building
trades had the largest number of strikes and establishments affected.
The industry group of transportation had the largest number of
strikers involved, or more than one-half of the entire number. Next
in importance with regard to the number of strikers involved were
the groups of building trades and mining. These three groups of
industries furnished 77.4 per cent of all the strikers in the Netherlands
during the five-year period.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
909
CHAP. IV.--.:_STR.IKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
In the next two tables the strikes are grouped according to their
duration, in the first by years, and in the second for the entire period,
by results :
'
STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY DURATION AND YEARS, 1901 TO 1905.
Strikes in which the days of duration wereTotal
strikes. Under
1.
Year.
1901 .................
1902 .................
1903 .. .. .............
1904 .. ........ . ......
1905 .......... . ......
Total ... .. ... .
1 to 2.
3 to 7.
Over
91.
Not reported.
6
2
3
5
11
20
6
5
9
7
10
12
37
44
16
82
8 to 14. 15 to 28. 29 to 42. 43 to 91.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -· - 2
15
115
25
10
9
6 .. - . - - ..
9
39
128
149
85
126
4
17
13
16
23
32
24
33
36
21
14
30
20
10
18
7
10
22
003
52
127
126
65
54
- - - -- -
9
10
4
4
9
6
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY DURATION, 1901 TO 1905.
Strikes whichDays of duration.
Total
strikes.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
F ailed.
-----------------1-----1 ---; ---➔---·
Under 1... ... . . . ... . .. . .. ....... .... .. .... . .. . .. . ..
1 to 2. .. .............................. .... ......... .
3 to 7....................... .... ....................
8 to 14....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........
15 to 28........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29 to 42.......................................... ....
43 to 91.......................... . ..................
Over 91. .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
127
126
65
54
37
44
16
82
,_ ___,
Total.........................................
003
25
38
43
20
14
12
Were indefinite,
unsettled, or
not reported.
---
10
15
36
37
19
15
11
17
6
4
11
49
45
26
25
13
16
8
23
1
45
170
100
216
57
7
1
1
4
1
1
,;
Of the 521 strikes for which the duration was reported 305, or 58.5
per cent, lasted 7 days or less. The proportion of short strikes is
greatest among those which succeeded and smallest among those
which failed.
In the tabulation of the causes of strikes in the Netherlands reports
the strike was taken as the unit in 1901, but for the subsequent years
the cause has been taken as the unit, each strike appearing as often
as there were causes, whenever there were two or more of the latter.
The next tables show the strikes in the Netherlands by years,
causes, and results, during 1901 to 1905;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
910
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLA DS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1905.
1901.
[For the year 1901 the strike, and for the years 1902 to 1905 the cause, has been taken as the unit.
Strikes in 1902 to 1905 due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the
totals for those years, if computed, would not agree with those in other t ables .]
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
. Cause or object.
For increase of wages ................ .. ...................... .
Against reduction of wages ..... . .............. .. ............ .
Other disputes concerning wages ............................ .
Hours of labor_. _............................................ .
Trade unionism .............................................. .
For reinstatement of employees_ ...... .. ... . _. _............. .
62
15
• 7
3
5
15
!ire:ac~~~:r~-~~~i-~~-~~~~---·_·_·_ ~: ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Not reported .... _. _...... .. ... .. ... .. .. ...... ... . ........... .
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
19
13
18
7
2
3
3
1
1
5
1
1
2
6
1 .......... ..........
1
6
2
1
1
1 .......... _... ..... .
1
1902.
For increase of wages ........... . ....... .. ..... ............ .. .
Against reduction of wages ............. ... ....... ......... .. .
Other disputes concerning wages ....... _..... _.............. .
Hours of labor ........................................ _.... .. .
Trade unionism .. .... _....................................... .
For reinstatement of employees ............. _......... _..... _
61
19
17
!ire;~~~~!/~~~~~~~-~~~~---·.·.·
.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Not reported ................................................ .
2
40
10
2
25
21
17
21
8
8
5
7
3
2
2
6
4
1
13
4
6
2 ----- .............. .
17
4
16
5 -......... . ........ - -........ .
1903 .
For increase of wages ....................... .. .. ..... _....... .
Against reduction of wages ... .. ............... ..... .. .. ..... .
Other disputE!s concerning wages ............. ... ............ .
Hours of labor ........ .. .. . ..... .. ........................... .
Trade unionism .............................................. .
For reinstatement of employees ............................. .
Regulations governing·work. __ .... _.. _.. _... _... ____ .. _.... _
Other causes ... _...... __ .. _... _... _..... ___ . .. __ ..... _.. __ ... .
Not reported ... _... _... .. _.. __. __... __ .. ____ . _... __ .. __ .. __ . _
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
80
6
20
1
8
36
7
33
9
24 ,,,
21
11
14
9
5
5
3
23
3
4
7
2
9
35
1
12
9
3
19
14
9
6
1
5
1
CHAP . IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
911
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO 1905.
1901.
f For the year 1901 the strike, and for the years 1902 to 1905 the cause, has been taken as the unit.
St rikes in 1902 to 1905 due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the
totals for those years, if computed, would not agree with those in ot her tables.]
Strikes for which num- ' Strikes for which num- St rikes for whlch number of strikers was
ber of working-days
ber of establishments
involved was reported.
reported.
lost was reported.
I
S~rikes whichEnded with
results not
reported.
Were
indefinite or
unsettled.
Strikes.
Establishments.
St rikes.
Strikers.
12
37
138
30
2,761
-------------15
19
1
2
8
500
18
2
3
6
7
-------------1
1
1
1
300
---------- ---1
76
7
5
3
-- -----------14
14
10
196
3
1
1
1
1
38
-------------- --------- ----2
5
293
5
3
------------------ ------- -- --- ----------- ------------- --·--------- ------ ----- - ------------
I
Strikes.
Days lost.
42
11
4
1
3
9
1
4
1
562½
140
45
12
51
117
49
51~
30
1902.
..............
..............
1
1
2
. .. . ... . . .. .. .
2
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
. . . . . . . .. . . .. .
1
54
19
15
7
1
25
2
38
195
68
101
7
1
27
5
413
61
18
16
10
2
25
1
37
5,976
441
1,894
1,194
3, 132
740
5
3, 966
59
19
16
9
2
24
2
36
1, 161½
444
98½
96
143
636
49
751
5 ••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••••••••••• ········-··· ····-········
1903.
2 .... .. ....... .
1 ............. .
1 ............. .
. . . . . .. . . .. . . .
7
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
70
6
23
17
11
36
13
30
4
206
55
46
68
97
71
51
113
4
76
6
23
20
11
36
14
32
2
3,802
582
838
1, 007
4,818
3,501.
1,024
28,725
9
71
5
23
18
9
32
14
32
2
1,277
50
477
366½
247
fi79½
278
Ci97
2½
912
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO
1905-Concluded.
1904.
Strikes whichTotal
strikes.
Cause or object.
Succeeded .
For increase of wages ________________________________________ _
Against reduction of wages ___._.. . _.. _. _... _... _._. ___ ._._.. __ .
Other disputes concerning wages ___ . ___ . ___ . ___ .... __ .. __ . __ .
Hours of labor __ ._ ... _.. _____ .. _._ ......... _._ .. ____ . ___ . ___ ..
Trade unionism_. _.... . ........ .. .. _........ ______ .. __ .. _. ___ _
For reinstatement of employees ...................... _...... _
Regulations governing work __.. _. . __ ........... _... __ .. _. __ _
Other causes __ .. __ . .. _.... _.................. ___ ... _. _. __ . __ ..
Not reported. _.. _. _... _. _. .. . _.... _. _.. _... _. .. __ ... _... _... .
38
13
11
3
10
2
2
Succeeded
partly.
12
5
3
1
1 -------- -- ---------19
7
7
12
2
4
18
1
Failed.
15
6
5
1
1
5
6
5
6
7
6
33
6
11
25
1905.
For increase qf wages_ . . ... ___ .. _....... _.... ___ ... ___ . _... _..
Against reduction of wages_ .. __ ............ __ .... _........ _..
Other disputes concerning wages._ ......... ___ ... _.. ..... __ . .
Hours of labor._ .. . .... _. ......... __ ... _... _........ __ . _. ___ ._
Trade unionism .................. ......... ...... . _.. ___ . __ ... .
For reinstatement of employeeG .. : _....... _... ___ ......... _..
~ff~~~~~!s~~~-~~~i-~~-~,~~~~-- -_-_-_-_-_:: :: :::::::::::::::::::::::
Not reported. ______ ......... _. _........ _.... _... ___ ......... .
65
8
25
7
6
23
22
40
1
4
2
5
7
2 .... ......
4
4
10
9
22
----- -----
1
9
3
2
11
8
11
1
a Not including d ays lost by strikers not reported in 1 strike.
b Not including days Jos t by employees other than strikers thrown out of work in consequence of
s'.;rike not reported in 1 strike.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
913
CAUSES AND RESULTS OF.STRIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS, BY YEARS, 1901 TO
1905-Concluded.
1904.
I
Strikes for which Strikes for which Strikes for which
number of estabaggregate number
of strikers of
Jishments involved number
days of duration
was r<'ported.
was n ,ported.
was reported.
S'.;rike!? which-
Were in- Ended
definite with reor unset- sults not Strikes.
reported.
tled.
Establishments.
Strikes. Strikers.
St rikes.
2,359
916
814
48
24
296
747
698
36
13
9
2
1
1
-------------------
---------·
---------1
----------
37
13
11
3
1
19
12
18
1 ..........
···-------
---------- ········----------- -------- ----------- ----------
-· -·······
AggreAggregate
gitte
days lost
days of Strikes.
by all
duration.
employees.
----
---- ---- ---· ·-·······
Strikes for which,
aggregate number
of days lost by au
employees tbrowu
out of work was
reported.
69
20
43
4
1
19
37
18
... .......
38
13
11
3
1
19
12
18
---------17
12
17
744½
297
273½
65}
---------295
207
326
38
13
10
3
1
19
12
18
------- --- ---------- ------ --- - ---------- ----------
23,140
117,440½
6,227
a 1,886½
1,011
5,460
6, 109½
7,042½
---------- -
1905.
-----·····
1
---------- ---------1
--------- ---------- ---------.......... ---------........... ..........
•••••••••• ···-······
--· ······· -····--·--
---· ·· ····
1
64
8
24
6
6
23
20
40
2
256
8
35
45
17
23
20
52
2
65
8
25
7
6
23
22
40
1
2,647
126
953
457
244
393
1,187
1,096
15
62
8
23
6
4
22
22
37
1
1,262
345
339½
145
210
477½
558½
838½
'J\
62
8
24
6
6
23
22
39
1
b 38,787
5,430½a20,468
12,881½
C 41 785
a8,256½
d 61,648
C 16, 918½1½-
c
ot including days lost by strikers not r epor ted in 2 strikes.
d Not including days lost by employees other than st rikers thrown out of work in consequence of
strike not reported in 2 strikes .
309B-07-58
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
914
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
SPAIN.
The statistics of strikes in Spain were- compiled from the report
published by the bureau of social reform of that country. The
period covered by this report is for the year January 1 to December
31 , 1905.
The following table shows the number of employees in establishments involved in strikes and the number of strikers, by industries
and sex of strikers :
STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY INDUSTRIES, 1905.
Total employees in establishments affected.
Industry.
FeMales. males
. Total.
- - --
~rnt~:!':i1"3iiiiarcying·.·.·:::::::::::::::::::
Textiles .... ........ •..... . .... ... .... .... ...
Leather, hides, etc ..........................
Wood working ....... ... ..... ............. .
Metal working ... .......... ... ...... .... . ..
Ceramics ...................................
Foods and drinks ...................... . ...
Clothing ...................................
Furniture ...... : ... ..... . .... .... .. . ... .. ..
Building ............................ : ......
Printing, art trades, etc ...................
Street ·transportation, etc .................
Railway transportation, etc·. .... ......... .
Hotels, res_taurants, etc ..... . ......... . ...
Total. ...............................
Strikers.
Strikes.
2
340
5,291
206
241
268
4,626
713
1,696
1,675
123
6,280
315
1,382
78
134
130
23,368
2
16
8
3
5
10
5
11
10
5
28
9
14
2
100
21
677
66
110
24
13
34
113
I
1, 158
FeMales. males.
-
-
440
5,312
883
241
268
4,692
713
1,806
1,699
123
6,293
349
1,495
78
134
170
4,652
163
232
252
3,550
208
1,530
1,597
121
5,267
214
1,200
78
120
24, 526
19,354
-
-
Total.
--
50
21
435
60
110
9
13
13
111
822
220
4,673
598
232
252
3,610
208
1,640
1,606
121
5, 280
227
1,311
78
120
20,176
During the year there were 130 strikes reported, in which 20,176
strikers, of whom 19,354 were males and 822 females, were involved.
Of the total strikes 46, or 35.4 per cent, were successful; 22, or 16.9 per
cent, were partially successfulj and 62, or 4 7. 7 per cent, .failed. The
number of employees involved in strikes which were successfu} was
3,256, or 16.1 per cent of all strikers; in the partially successful strikes
there were 2,726, or 13.5 per cent of all the strikers involved; and
14,194, or 70.4 per cent of all strikers involved, participated in strikes
which failed.
Of the total number of male strikers reported, 5,267, or 27.2 per
cent, were engaged in the building trades. The mining and quarrying industries come next in order, with 4,652 male strikers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHAP. IV.-STRIKES· AND LOCKOUTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
915 -
The following table shows the strikes by industries and results:
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY IND USTRIES, 1905.
Strikers in strikes
Strikes whichwhich,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , Total
Total
strik- f - - , - - - - - - - , - - - Industry.
strikes.
Suc
Sueers.
SueSue.
ceeded ceeded Failed.
ceeded ceeded Failed.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _._ _• partly.
_ _ _ _ _ _· partly. _ _
I
Agriculture . ...... .. ........... .. . .
Mining and quarrying ..... . ...... .
T extiles .......................... .
Leather, hides, etc ........ ....... .
Wood working ................... .
Metal working ... _...... . ..... ... .
Ceramics ......................... .
Foods and drinks ................ .
Clothing ..... . ......... . .......... .
Furniture ........................ .
Building ............. .. .. . ........ .
Printing, art trades, etc ..... . .. . . .
Street transportation, etc ........ .
Railway transportation, etc ..... .
Hotels, restaurant s, etc ... ...... . .
2
2
16
8
3
5
10
5
11
10
5
28
9
14
5
3
2
5
1
3
2
2
6
4
1
8
2
3
3
7
3
5
1
13
4
12
4
4
1
2
2 .......... ..... .
5
6
1
2
220
4,673
598
232
252
3,610
208
1,640
1,606
121
5,280
227
1,311
78
120
802
111
198
44
220
1,221
100
208
83
54
625
482
107
60
137
687
230
76
52
18
467
2,650
387
34
3,527
154
955
9 7
14
4,363
151
792
60
120
Total. ..... .. .... .. .. . ...... . ~ --46_1_ _
22____
62-~3,2562,726
M,194
Of all the strikers reported 9,953, or 49.3 per cent, were engaged
in the mining and quarrying and the building trades; and 3,610, or
17.9 per cent, were in the metal-working trades.
The largest number of strikers in any one industry was found in
the building trades, in which 13 per cent were in strikes which were
succf'ssful, 4.4 per cent were in strikes which were partially successful, and 82.6 per cent were in strikes which failed.
The three following tables show, respectively, the strikes for the
year, classified according to duration, size of establishments, and the
number of strikers involved:
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY DURATION, 1905.
D ays of duration.
Strikers in strikes
Strikes whichwhichTotal , - - - - - - - Total ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , strikstrikes.
Sue
SucSueSue.
ers.
ceed;d ceeded Failed.
ceeded. ceeded Failed.
p a rtly.
• partly.
- - - - - - - - - - - -· - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - Under 2............................
2 t o 5..............................
6 to 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11 to 15......... .. ... .. ....... .....
16to 20 .... .. ...... . ... . ........ ...
21 to 30..... ... .. .. .. ....... ... .. . .
31 or over... . ......................
Not reported......................
16
45
19
10
3
11
22
4
2
17
10
3
2
5
5
2
4
5
4
1
1
2
4
1
10
23
5
6
4
13
1
1,805
3,094
2, 471
7, 141
620
2, 376
2,579
90
468
868
441
56
600
415
408
494
999
301
200
20
220
432
60
843
1,227
1,729
6,885
1, 741
1,739
30
1 - - -- < - - - -1- - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tota l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
130
46
22
62
20, 176
3,256
2,726
14, 194
916
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, 1905.
Strikes whichEmployees in establishment.
Total
strikes.
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
----------------------,---- ---- - ------25 or under ....................................... ............ .
26 to 50 ....................................................... .
51 to 100 ................ . ...... .. .. .. ......................... .
101 to 200 .......... ..... ............................... .. ..... .
201 to 500 ..................................................... .
501 to 1,000 ................................................... .
1,001 or over .................................................. .
36
34
18
16
17
Total. ..... .. ....................................... -... .
130
7
21
12
2
6
5
1
5
6
6
3
14
17
10
4
9
1
6
2
22
62
2 .... ............... .
46
STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED, 1905.
Strikes whichStrikers involved.
Total
strikes.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - -25 or under. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26 to 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51 to 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101to200 ............................ •..........................
201 to 500. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
501 to 1,000....................................................
1,001 or over............................... : ...................
Succeeded.
Succeeded
partly.
Failed.
---- ---- ----
51
23
3
26
10
4
18
3
7
16
6
6
10
4
1
7
1
2 .......... ......... .
25
12
8
4
5
6
2
- - - -1- - - - 1 - - ~ - - 1 - - - -
Total....................................................
130
46
22
62
Of the 130 strikes 80, or ·51.5 per cent, lasted less than 11 days;
and 70, or 53.8 per cent_,involved less than 51 strikers.
•
In 40 strikes, or 30.8 per cent of the total number, wage disputes
were the sole cause of strikes; while in 26 others, or 20 per cent,
they were one of the causes. In disputes in which wages alone
formed the basis of strikes, 30 per cent were successful, 25 per cent
partly successful, and 45 per cent failed.
The following table shows the strikes by causes and results:
RESULTS OF STRIKES IN SPAIN, BY eAUSES, 1905.
Strikes whichCause.
Total
strikes.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,--- - Wage disputes ................................................ .
Hours of labor ............................................... .
Shop rules .................................................... .
Employment or discharge of persons ......................... .
Trade unionism ...... ............ . ........ ...... .. ... .. ....... .
Hours of labor and wage di11putes ..... . ................. ..... .
Hours of labor and shop rules .... ...................... .... .. .
Hours of labor and employment or discharge of persons ..... .
Hours of labor and trade unionifilJl .......................... .
Wage disputes and shop rules .............................. . . .
Hours of labor, wage disputes, and shop rules ... . ........... .
Hours of labor, wage disputes, and trade unionism .......... .
Other causes ................................................. .
'l'otal .. ............... . ....... ........ . ... .............. .
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12
11
3
37
2
12
1
16
1
1
4
10
18
2
3
8
18
1
4
6
2
1 ................... .
3
1 ................... .
1 ................... .
4
9 ...... .. . .
1 ......... .
3
2
1
2
130
Failed.
---- ---- ----
40
9
Succeeded
partly.
46
22
1
5
2
1
1
62
•
CHAPTER V.
THE LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BLACKLISTING,
~
BOYCOTTS, ETC.
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•
CHAPTER V.
THE LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BLACKLISTING, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
THE STATUTE LAW.
Legislation on the subject of labor disturbances as such is mainly
of recent enactment in this country, and is far from being uniform in
the different States, some having few or no laws of the class indicated,
while others have enactments covering pretty fully the :fielu to be
considered. Prior to the passage of these laws, such legal action as
was had on this subject was based on the principles of the common
law, and chiefly on the law governing criminal conspiracy. Proceedings in equity to secure injunctions have been and are still among the
most common efforts to obtain relief from the courts in cases of
difficulties arising from labor disputes.
The codes of many States contain statutes on the subject of conspiracy, which are practically enactments of the rules of the common
law on this subject. A number of these exempt labor combinations
from their operation, while others make special reference to conspiracies against workingmen. In the compilation of laws given herewith,
only those conspiracy laws are reproduced which contain specific
mention of labor in some form, general laws on criminal conspiracy
being omitted. The same rule is followed in the presentation of other
statutes, those only being here set forth which either by obvious
intent or by the interpretation of the courts are seen to be applicable
to the subject in hand.
These statutes are followed, where such decisions are available, by
brief notes on the decisions of courts in cases tried under their proV1S10ns. The laws published are intended to include all those in force
at the end of the year 1906.
A brief statement of the common law applicable to strikes and their
attendant incidents is appended, together with references to some
representative decisions.
Laws providing for mediation and the arbitration of labor disputes
have been enacted in a considerable number of States and by the
Congress of the United States. A list of the States ·having laws or
constitutional provisions of this nature is given below, together with a
reference to the law itself:
California (Acts of 1891, chap. 51), Colorado (Acts of 1897, chap. 21
as amended by Acts of 1903, chap. 136), Connecticut (Gen. Stat. 1902,·
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secs. 4708 to 4713), Idaho (Const., art. 13, sec. 7; Polit. Code 1901,
secs. 641 to 654), Illinois (A. S. 1896_,chap. 48, secs. 8 to 15, as amended
by Acts of 1899, p. 75, Acts of 1901, p. 90, and Acts of 1903, p. 84),
Indiana (A. S. 1901, secs. 7050a to 7050q), Kansas (Gen. Stat. 1901,
secs. 332 to 341), Louisiana (R. L. 1897, p. 20, secs. 1 to 13), Maryland
(Pub. Gen. Laws 1903, art. 7, secs. 1 to 6; Acts of 1904, chap. 671),
Massachusetts (R. L. 1902, chap. 106, secs. 1 to 6, as amended by Acts
of 1904, chap. 313), Michigan (C. L. 1897, secs. 559 to 568; Acts of
1903, act No. 69), Minnesota (Acts of 1895, chap. 170), Missouri (Acts
of 1901, p. 195 ; Acts of 1903, p. 218), Montana (Codes and Stat. 1895,
secs. 3330 to 3338), New Jersey (Gen. Stat. 1895, p. 73, secs. 22 to 39),
New York (R. S. 1901, p. 2088, sec. ld; p. 2111, secs. 140 to 149), Ohio
(Bates' A. S., 3d ed., secs. 4364-90 to 4364-106), Pennsylvani!:!,_ (B. P.
Dig. 1895, p. 132, secs. 58 and 67 to 80; p. 290, secs. 1 to 9), Texas (R.
Civ. Stat. 1895, arts. 61a to 61k), Utah (Const., art. 16, sec. 2; Acts of
1901 , chap. 68), Washington (Acts of 1903, chap. 58), Wisconsin (A. S.
1898, secs; 1729b to 1729j), Wyoming (Const., art. 19, sec. 1), and the
United States (C. S. 1901, p. 3205).
Of these States, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois,
Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,
Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Utah, and Wisconsin have
State boards; while in Kansas, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Texas, and
Washington only local boards are provided for. Besides the State
boards, local or special boards may be formed in California, Colorado,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,
and Wisconsin. In New Jersey and New York an appeal may be
taken from the local to the State boards; while in Colorado, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Ohio, and Wisconsin the local boards
are authorized to ask for and receive advice and assista:d.ce from the
State boards. In a number of the States a member of a labor organization must be appointed a member of the board; in general, both
employers and employees must be represented.
It is made the duty of nearly all the State boards to attempt to
mediate between the parties to a dispute when information is received
of an ·actual or threatened labor trouble. Arbitration may be undertaken on application from either party in California, Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Ohio, and Wisconsin,
while the application of both parties is required in Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, Texas, and Utah. The Missouri statute makes it the duty of
both parties to submit their disputes to the State board, though the
statute provides for arbitration even though one of the parties refuses
to agree thereto. An application will be entertained if made by but one party, under the Pennsylvania law, but the assent of the other
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party must be obtained before arbitration is actually undertaken.
In Washington, the commissioner of labor is to ottempt to procure
a submission to arbitration in case his individual "£forts at mediation
are unsuccessful. An agreement to maintain the status quo pending
arbitration proceedings is quite commonly required.
The attendance of witnesses may in most instances be enforced by
subpamas, and one or all the members of the various boards are in
general authorized to administer oaths.
The modes of enforcement of obedience to the a ward of the boards are
various. Some States depend on publicity alone, though in others the
statute gives the decisions of the boards the effect of a judgment of a
court of law, which may be enforced by execution; in other States disobedience to su~h decisions is to be punished as for contempt of court.
The costs of these courts are generally to be met by the State; in Texas
and Utah, however, the costs must be paid by the parties and are to
be apportioned by the boards as a part of the award.
Wyoming has no statutory provision, the legislature having failed
thus far to carry out the provision of the constitution directing the
·formation of a board.
The United States statute applies only to common carriers engaged
in interstate commerce, and provides for an attempt to be made at
mediation by two designated Government officials in case of any
controversy between common carriers and their employees, and for
the formation of a bo~rd of arbitration, consisting of -the same officials, together with certain other parties to be selected, in case the
attempt at mediation fails . This board, however, js to be formed
only at the request or upon the consent of both parties to the
controversy.
On account of their length and general similarity, further reference
·to arbitration laws is omitted. Other J,tatutes mentioned above as
relating directly to labor disputes are given herewith.
ALABAMA.
CODE OF 1897.
Intimidation of employees, etc.
SECTION 5511. Any person, who, by force or threats of violence to person or property,
prevents or seeks to prevent another from doing work or furnishing materials, or from
contracting to do work or fmnish materials, for or to any person engaged in any lawful
business, or who disturbs, interferes with, or prevents or in any manner attempts to
·prevent the peaceable exercise of any lawful industry, business, or calling by any
other person, must, on conviction, be fined not less than ten nor more than five
hundred dollars, and may also be imprisoned in the county jail 1 or sentenced to hard
labor for the county, for not more than twelve months.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
·ACTS OF 1903.
AcT No. 329.-Boycotting, blacklisting, etc.
(Page 281.)
SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for two or more persons to conspire together for the
purpose of preventing any person, persons, firm or corporation from · carrying on any
lawful business within the State of Alabama, or for the purpose of interfermg with
the same.
SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to go near to or loiter about the
premises or place of business, of any person, firm or corporation engaged in a lawful
business, for the purpose of influencing or inducing others not to trade with, buy from,
sell to or have business dealings with such person, firm or corporation, or to picket
the works or place of business of such other person, firm or corporation for the purpose
of interfering with or injuring any lawful busmess or enterprise: Provided, That nothing
herein shall prevent any person from soliciting trade or business for a competitive
business.
SEc. 3. It shall be unlawful to print or circulate any notice of boycott, boycott
cards, stickers, dodgers or unfair lists, publishing or declaring that a boycott or ban
exists or has existed or is contemplated against any person, firm or corporation doing
a lawful business, or publishing the name of any judicial officer or other public official
upon any blacklist, unfair list or other similar list because of any lawful act or decision of such official.
SEc. 4. It shall be unlawful to use force, threats or other means of intimidation to
prevent any person from engaging in any lawful occupation at any place he or she
sees fit.
SEc. 5. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to maintain a black
list or to notify any other firm or corporation that any person has been blacklisted by
such person, firm or corporation, or to use any other similar means to prevent such
persons from receiving employment. Any person, firm or corporation violating any
provision of this act must, on conviction, pay a fine of not less than fifty ($50) dollars,
nor more than five hundred ($500) dollars, or to be imprisoned not to exceed sixty
days hard labor for the county.
ARKANSAS.
ACTS OF 1905:
AcT No. 214.-Blacklisting.
SECTION 1. Every person who shall, in this State, send or deliver, or shall make or
cause to be made for the purpose of being delivered or sent, or shall part with the possession of any pa_per, letter, or writing, with or without a name signed thereto, or
sign with a fictit10us name, or with any letter, mark or other ctesignation, or shall
publish or cause to be published any false statement for the pmpose of preventing
such other person from obtaining employment in this State or elsewhere, and every
person who shall "blacklist" any person or persons, by writing, printing, publishmg, or causing the same to be done, the name or any mark or designation representing the name of any person in any/aper, pamphlet, circular, or book, together with
any false state.ment concerning sai persons so named, or shall publish that any one
is a member of any secret organization, for the purpose of preventmg such other person
from securing employment, or any person who shall do any of these things mentioned
in this section for the purpose of causing the discharge of any person employed by
any railroad or other company, corporation or individuals, shall on conviction, be
adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined in the sum of not less than one hundred dollars ($100), nor more than five hundred dollars ($500), or imprisonment in
the county jail for twelve months, or both such fine and imprisonment.
CALIFORNIA.
ACTS OF 1903.
CHAPTER
229.-Employment of labor-False representations.
SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any _person, partnership, company, corporation,
association, or organization of any kind, domg business in this State directly or through
any agent or attorney, to induce, influence, persuade, or engage any person to change
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from one place to another in this State or to change from any place in any State,
T erritory, or country to anyplace in this State, to work in any branch of labor, through
or by m eans of knowingly false representations, whether spoken, written, or advertised in printed form, concerning the kind or character of such work, the compensation therefor, the sanitary conditions r elating to or surrounding it, or the existence or
nonexistence of any strike, lockout, or ◊ther labor dispute affecting it and pending
between the proposed employer or employers and the p ersons then or last theretofore
engaged in the p erformance of the labor for which the employee is sought.
SEC. 2. Any violation of section one or section two hereof shall be deemed a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding two -thousand dollars or by
imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
CHAPTER 235.-Labor combinations not unlawful.
SECTION 1. No agreement, combination, or contract by or between two or more persons to do or procure to b e done, or not to do or procure not to be done, any act in contemplation or furth erance of any trade dispute b etween employers and employees
in the State of California shall be deemed criminal, nor shall those engaged therein
be indictable or otherwise punishable for the crime of conspiracy, if such act committed by one p erson would not be punishable as a crime, nor shall such agreement,
combination, or contract be considered as in r estraint of trade or commerce, nor shall
any restraining order or injunction be issued with relation thereto. Nothing in this
act shall exempt from punishment, otherwise than as h erein excepted, any persons
guilty of conspiracy, for which punishment is now provided by any act of the l egislature, but such act of the legislature shall, as to the a,~reements, combinations, and
contracts h ereinbefore referred to, be construed as if this act were therein contained:
Provided, That nothing in this act shall be construed to authorize force or violence,
or threats thereof.
COLORADO .
ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1891.
Labor combinations not unlawful.
SECTION 1295. It shall not be unlawful for any two or more p ersons to unite, or combine, or agree in any manner, to advise or encourage, by p eaceable means, any person
or persons to enter into any combination in relation to entering into or remail_l.ing in
the employment of any person, p ersons or corporation, or in relation to the amount
of wages or compensation to be paid for labor, or for the purpose of regulating the
hours of labor, or for the procuring of fair and ju-st treatment from employees, or foithe purpose of aiding and protecting their welfare and interests in any other manner
not m violation of the constitution of this State or the laws made in pursuance thereof:
Provided, That this act shall not be so construed as to p ermit two or more persons,
by threats of either bodily or financial injury, or by any display of force, to prevent
·or intimidate any other p erson from continuing in such employment as h e may see
fit, or to boycott or intimidate any employer of labor.
ACTS OF 1905.
CHAPTER 79.-Boycotting and blacklisting.
SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person or p ersons to loiter about or patrol
the streets, alleys, roads, highways, trails or place of business of any p erson, firm ·or
corporation engaged in any lawful business; for the :purpose of influencing or inducing others not to trade with, buy from , sell to, work for, or have business dealings
with such person, firm or corporation, or to ticket the works, mine, building or other
place of business or occupation of such other person, p ersons, firm or corporation, for
the purpose of obstructing or interfering with or injuring any lawful business, work
or enterprise: Provided, That nothing h erein shall prevent any p erson from soliciting trade, custom or business for a competitive business.
SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful to print or circulate any notice of boycott, boycott
card, sticker, banner, sign or dodger, publishing or declaring that a boycott or ban
exists, or has esi~ted [existed] or i-s contBmplated again-s.t any person, p ersons, firm or
corporation doing a lawful business, or publish the name of any judicial officer or
other public officer upon any notice of boycott, boycott card, sticker, banner, sign or
other similar list, because of .any lawful act or decision of such official.
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SEC. 3. It shall be unlawful to use force, threats, or other means of intimidation
to prevent any p erson from engaging in any lawful occupation at any place he or she
sees :Gt.
SEc. 4. It shall be unlawful for any employer to maintain a black list, or to notify
any other em{loyer that any workman has been blacklisted by such employer, for
the purpose o preventing such workman from receiving employment: P rovided, however, That nothing h erein shall prevent a former employer of any workman or any
former employee from imparting a fair and unbiased opinion of a workman's or
employer's [employee's] qualifications when solicited so to do by a later or prospective employer of su ch workman, or employee; n or sh all anything in this act be construed to prevent any merchant or professional man, or any association of the same,
from maintaining or publishing a list concerning the credit or :financial responsibility
of any person or persons dealing with him or them on credit.
f SEC. 5. Any p erson, firm or corporation violating any provision of this act shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not
l ess than ten dollars ( 10) nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars ($250), or to
be imprisoned not to exceed sixty (60) days in the county jail, or both, in the discretion of the court.
CONNECTICU T.
GENERAL STATUTES OF 1902.
A bandonment, etc., of locomotives or cars.
SECTION 1i93. Every p ersori who shall unlawfully, maliciously, and in violation of
his duty or contract, unnecessarily stop , delay, or abandon any locomotive, car, or
train of cars, or street railway car, or shall maliciously injme, hinder, or obstruct
the use of any locomotive, car, railroad, or street railway car, or street railway, shall
b e fined not more than one hundred dollars or imprison ed not more than six months.
Intimidation of employees, etc.- .Blacklisting.
SECTION 1296. Every p erson who shall threaten, or use any means to intimidate
any person to compel such perso:r:, against his will, to do or abstain _from doing any
act which su ch p erson has a legal right to do, or shall persistently follow such p erson
in a disorderly manner , or injure, or threaten to injure, his property, with intent to
intimidate him, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not
more than six months.
A conspiracy to intimidate the publishers of a nPwspaper and compel the discharge of certain
employees i'- within' the prohibition of this sect10n. The maintenance of a boycott against the paper
and its patrons is, prima facie, n, malicious and corrupt effort to commit injury . It is also a crime
to seek to injure other workmen by depriving them of their employment. 55 Conn. 46.
• To threaten and u se mt!ans to intimidate a company against its will to abstain from keeping in its.
employ workmen of its own choice is within the prohibition of this section. 55 Conn. 70, 71.
• SEC. 1298. Every employer who shall blacklist an employee with intent to prevent
such employee from procuring other employment shall be fined not more than two
hundred dollars.
DELAWARE.
REVISED CODE, EDITION OF 1893.
Strikes of railroad employees.
(Page 928.)
SECTION 1. If any locomotive engineer, upon any railroad within this State, who
shall, at the time, be engaged in any strike, or with a v iew to incite others to such
strike, or in furtherance of any combination or preconcerted arrangement with any
other person or persons to bring about or produce such strike, shall abandon the locomotive engine in his charge, when attached either to a passenger or freight train, at any
place other than the sch edule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or
shall refuse or n eglect to proceed with said tram to the place of destination, as aforesaid, e.very such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and
shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined not less than one hundred , nor
more than five hundred dollars and may be imprison ed for a term not exceeding six
months, at the discretion of the court.
SEc. 2. If any locomotive engineer, or railroad employee, within this State, for
the purpose of furthering the object of, or lending aid to, any strike or strikes organ
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ized or attempted to be maintained ·on any other railroad, either within or without this
State, shall refuse or neglect, in the comse of his employment, to aid in the movement over and upon the tracks of the company employing him of the cars of such
other railroad company, or receive therefrom in course of transit where strikes are,
either then, or may have been organizecf or attempted to be maintained, as aforesaid,
every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con- ·
viction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more
than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months,
at the discretion of the court.
SEC. 3. If any p erson in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any
railroad within this State, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any railroad employee
engaged in the discharge and performance of his duty, as such, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fin ed not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars,
and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the
court.
SEc. 4. If any person or persons, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike,
shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or destroy the rolling stock or any other property of any railroad company, or shall take possession of
or remove any such property,- or shall prevent, or attempt to prevent, the use thereof
by such railroad company or its employees, or shall, by offer of recompense, induce
any employees of any railroad company within this State, to leave the service of such
company, every such p erson, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and, upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than five hundred, nor more than one thousand dollars, and may ·be imprisoned, not less than six
months, nor more than one y ear, at the discretion of the court.
SEc. 5. If any conductor, baggage master, brakeman, or other train man, employed
on either a freight or passenger train, on any railroad within this State, shall abandon
the train to which he is so attached, or with which he is connected in furtherance of
any strike, or with a view of inciting others to such strike, or in aid of any others who
may be engaged in such strike, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise
appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to proceed with such
train to its place of destination, every· such person, so offending, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, by indictment, shall be fined
not l ess than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.
FLORIDA.
ACTS OF 1893.
CHAPTER
4144.-Conspiracy against workingmen.
SECTION 1. lf two or more persons shall agree, conspire, combine, or confederate
together for the purpose of preventing any persons from procuring work in any firm
or corporation, or to cause the discharge of any person or persons from work in such
firm or corporation, or if any person or persons shall verbally or by a written or printed
communication, threaten any injury to the life, property or business of any person,
for the purpose of procuring the discharge of any workman in any furn or corporation,
or to prevent any person or p ersons from procuring work in such firm or corporation,
such person or persons so combining shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction [thereof] shall be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars each, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year.
CHAPTER
4207.-Protection of employees-Blacklisting, etc.
SECTION 1. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State,
or any person, agent or employer of any such company or corporation after having
discharged any employee from the service of any such company or corporation, shall
attempt to prevent by word or writing, sign or other means, directly or indirectly,
such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person, company or corporation sucli person, agent, employer, company or corporation shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or less than one hundred dollars, and such person, agent,
employer, company or corporation shall be liable in damages to such discharged
person, to be recovered by civil action; but this section shall not be construed as
prohibiting any person, agent, employer, company or corporation from giving in
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writing to any other p erson , company or corporation to whom such discharged person
has applied for employment, a truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge;
and shall furnish to such discharged employee on his application, to such address
as may be given by such discharged employee, within ten days after such application made as aforesaid, a true copy of any such written statement.
SEC. 2. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State,
shall authorize or permit, with its. knowledge and consent, any of its officers, agents,
employers or employees to commit either or any of the acts prohibited by this act
( except as herein provided), such railroad company or corporation shall be liable in
damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employemnt, to be recovered
by him in a civil action.
SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of any person, officer, agent, employer, company or
corporation aforesaid, after having discharged any employee from the service of any
such company or corporation, upon written demand by such employee, to furni sh to
him, within ten days from the application for the same, a full statement in writing of
the cause or causes of his discharge, and if any such person, officer, agent, employer,
company or corporation as aforesaid shall refuse within ten days after demand as herein
provided to furnish such statement to such discharged employee, it shall be ever after
unlawful for any such person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation to furnish any statement of the cause of such discharge to any person or corporation or to in
any way blacklist or to prevent such discharged employee from procurmg employment
elsewhere, subject to the penalties prescribed in section one of this act. And on the
trial of any person , company or corporation for a violation of the provisions of this act,
any other person who may have authorized or permitted, with knowledge and consent
as aforesaid, any such offense, or who may have participated in the same, shall be a
competent witness, and be compelled to give evidence, and nothing then said by such
witness shall at any time l,e received or given in evidence against him in any prosecution against the said witness, except on an indictmen t for perjury in any matter to
which he may have testified; and on the trial of any such person for any violation of
this act, the prosecution shall have the authority and process of the court trying the
case to compel the production in court, to be used in evidence in the case, the books
and papers of any such person, company or corporation, and a failure to produce the
same, after such reasonable notice as the court may in each case provide, shall be in
contempt of court, and punishable as such against the custodian or person, company
or corporation having the control or in charge of such books and papers, who shall fail
to produce the same: Provided, That such written cause of the discharge , when so made
as aforesaid, at the request of such discharged employee shall never be used as the
cause for an action for slander or for libel , either civil or criminal, against the person or
authority furnishing the same.
SEc. 4. It shall be the duty of any person , company or corporation who has received
any request or notice in writing, sign, word or otherwise, from any other person, company or corporation, preventing or attempting to prevent the employment of any person discharged from the service of either of the latter, on demand of such discharged
employee, to furnish to such employee within ten days after such demand, a true statement of the nature of such request or notice, and if in writing, a copy of the same, and
if a sign, the interpretation thereof, with the name of the person, company or corporation furnishing the same, with the place of business of the person or authority furnishing the same; and a violation of this section shall subject the offender to all the penalties, civil and criminal, provided by the foregoing sections of this act.
SEC. 5. The provisions of this act shall apply to and prevent, under all the penalties
aforesaid, railroad companies or corporations under the same general management and
control but having separate divisions, superintendents or master mechanics, master
machinists or similar officers, for separate or different lines, their officers, agents and
employees, from preventing or attempting to prevent, the employment of any such
discharged person by any other separate division , or officer or agent or employer of any
such separate railroad line or lines.
•
GEORGIA.
CODE OF 1895- PENAL CODE.
FOURTH
DIVISION.
Interfering with employment, intimidation, etc.
SECTION 119. If any two or more persons shall associate themselves together in any
society or organization, with intent and for the purpose of preventing, in any manner,
any person from apprenticing himself to learn and practice any trade, craft, vocation,
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or calling, or for the purpose of inducing, by persuasion, threats, fraud, or any other
means, any apprentice or apprentices to any such trade, craft, vocation, or calling, to
leave the employment of their employer, or for the purpose, by any means, of preventing or deterring any person from learning and practicing any such trade, craft, vocation
or calling, every such person so associating himself in such society or organization shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEC. 120. Upon the trial of any person under the preceding section, any person may
be made a witness; and no statements made by him, on such trial, shall be given in
evidence against him , except upon an indictment for perjury.
SEC. 123. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall prevent or attempt to prevent any person or persons in this State
from engaging in, remaining in, or performing the business, labor or duties of any lawful
employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEc. 124. If any person or persons, singly or together, or in combination, shall conspire to prevent or attempt to prevent any :person or persons, by threats, violence. or
intimidation, from engagmg in , remaining m, or performing the business, labor, or
duties of any lawful employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor.
•
SEC. 125. If any person or persons, singly or by conspiring together, shall hinder any
person or persons who desire to labor from so doing, or hinder any person, by threats,
violence or intimidation, from being employed as laborer or employee, such offender
•
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEC. 126. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall hinder the owner, manager or proprietor for the time being from controlling, using, operating or working any property in any lawful occupation, or shall by
such means hinder such person from hiring or employing laborers or employees, such
offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
IDAHO.
CODES OF 1901.
Interference with miners.
SECTIO 4687. In all cases where -two or more persons associate themselves together
for the purpose of obtaining the possession of any lode, gulch, or placer <;laim, then in
the actual po session of another, by force and violence, or by stealth, and proceed to
carry out such purpose by making threats against the parties in possession, or who
enters upon such lode or mining claim for the purpose aforesaid, or who enters upon
or into any lode, gulch, placer claim, quartz mill or other mining property, or, not
being upon such property, makes any threats, or makes use of any language, signs or
gestures, calculated to intimidate any p erson or persons at work on said property,
from continuing to work thereon or therein, or to mtimidate others from engaging to
work thereon or therein, every such person so offending is guilty of a misdemeanor.
ILL INOIS.
ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1896.
CHAPTER
38.-Boycotting and blacklisting-Conspiracy.
SECTION 96. If any two or more pers;ns conspire or agree together, or the officers or
executive committee of any society or organization or corporation shall issue or utter
any circular or edict as the action of or instruction to its members, or any other persons, societies, organizations or corporations for the purpose of establishing a so-called
boycott or black list, or shall post or distribute any written or printed notice in any
places, with the fraudulent or malicious intent wrongfully and wickedly to injure the
person, character, business or employment, or property of another, * * * or to
do any illegal act injurious to the public trade, health, morals, police, or administration of public justice, * * * they shall be deemed guilty of a conspiracy; and
every such offender, whether as individuals or as the officers of any society or organization, and every person convicted of conspiracy at common law, shall be imprisoned
in the penitentiary not exceeding five years, or fined not exceeding 2,000, or both:
To call out members of a trade union in order to procure the discharge of nonunion employees
is not in itself a wrongful and wicked act for which prosecution can b a had under this statute.
30 C. L. N. 212.
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928
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
CHAPTER
38.-Intimidation of employers and employees.
SECTION 294. If any two or more persons shall combine for the purpose of depriving
the owner or possessor of property of its lawful use and management, or of preventing,
by threats, suggestions of danger, or any unlawful means, any person from being
employed by or obtaining employment from any such owner or possessor of property,
on such terms as the parties concerned may agree upon, such persons so offending
shall be fined not exceeding $500, or confined in th . county jail not exceeding six
months.
SEC. 295. If any person shall, by threat, intimidation or unlawful interference, seek
to prevent any other person from working or from obtaining work at any lawful business, on any terms that he may see fit, such person so offending shall be fined not
exceeding $200.
SEC. 296. Whoever enters a coal bank, mine, shaft, manufactory, building or premises pf another, with intent to commit any injury thereto, or by means of threats,
intimidation, or riotous or other unlawful doings, to cause any person employed
therein to leave his employment, shall be fined not exceeding $500, or confined in
the county jail not exceeding six months, or both.
CHAPTER
38.-Trespass on mines, factory premises, etc.
SECTION 439. Whoever, without authority of law and not being the owner or agent of
adjoining lands, enters the coal bank, mine, shaft, manufactory, or place where workmen are employed, of another, without the expressed or implied consent of the owner
or manager thereof, after notice that such entry is forbidden, shall be fined not exceeding $200, or confined in the county jail not exceeding six months, in the discretion
of the court.
CHAPTER 114.-Strikes of railroad employees .
SECTION 128. If any locomotive engineer in furtherance of any combination or agreement, shall willfully and maliciously abandon his locomotive upon any railroad at
any other point· than the regular schedul e destination of such locomotive, he shall
be fined not less than twenty dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, and confined
in the county jail, not less than twenty days, nor more than ninety days.
SEc. 129. If any person or persons shall willfully and maliciously, by any act or
by means of intimidation, impede or obstruct, except by due process of law, the
regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company or other corP.oration, firm or individual in this State, or of the regular running of any locomotive
engine, freight or passenger train of any such company, or the labor and business of
any such corporation, firm or individual, he or they shall, on conviction thereof,
be punished by a fine not less than twenty dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars ($200), and confined in the county jail not less than twenty nor more than ninety
days.
•
SEC. 130. If two or more persons shall willfully and maliciously combine or conspire together to obstruct or impede by any act, or by means of intimidation, the
regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company or any other
• corporation, firm or individual in this State, or to impede hinder or obstruct, except
by due process of law, the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train on any railroad, or the labor or business of any such corporation, firm, or
individual, such person shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine not less than
twenty dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars, and confined in the county jail
not less than twenty days, nor more than ninety days.
SEC. 131. This act, shall not be construed to apply to cases of persons voluntarily
quitting the employment of any railroad company or such other corporation, firm or
individual, whether by concert of action or otherwise, e[x]cept as is provided in
section one [sec. 128] of this act.
ACTS OF 1899.
Employment of labor-Deception, unlawful force, etc.
(Page 139.)
• SECTION 1. It shall be unlawfu1 for anylerson, persons, company, corporation,
society, association or organization of any kin doing business in this State, by himself,
themselves, his, its or their agents or -attorneys, to induce, influence, persuade or engage
workmen to change from one place to another in this State, or to bring workmen of any
class or calling into this State to work in any of the departments of labor in this State,
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929.
through or by means of false or deceptive representations, false advertising or false
pretenses concerning the kind and character of the work to be done, or amount and
character of the compensation to be paid for such work, or the sanitary or other conditions of the employment, or as to the existence or nonexistence of a strike or other
trouble pending _between empl<?yer and employees, at the time of or prior to such .
engagement. Failure to state m any advertisement, proposal or contract for the
employment of workmen that there is a strike, lockout or other labor troubles at the
place of the proposed employment, when in fact such strike, lockout or other labor
trouble then actually exists at such place, shall be deemed as false advertisement
and misrepresentation for the purposes of this act.
SEc. 2. Any _person or persons, company, corporation, society, association or organization of any kmd doing business in this State, as well as his, their or its agents, attorneys, servants or associates, found guilty of violating section 1 of this act, or any part
thereof, shall be fined not exceeding $2,000 or confined in the county jail not exceeding one year, or both, where the d efendant or defendants is or are a natural person or
persons.
SEc. 3. Any p erson or persons who shall, in this or another State, hire, aid, abet or
assist in hiring, through agencies or otherwise, persons to guard with arms or deadly
weapons of any kind other.persons or property in this State, or any person or persons
who shall come into this State armed with deadly weapons of any kind for any such
purpose, without a p ermit in writing from the governor of this State, shall be guilty
of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be imprison~d in the penitentiary not l ess
than one year nor more than five years: Provided, That nothing contained in thi1:i'act
shall be construed to interfere with the right of any person, persons, or company, corporation, society, association or organization in guarding or protecting their private
property or private interests as is now provided by law; but this act shall he construed
only to apply in cases where workmen are brought into this State, or induced to go
from one place to another in this State, by any false pretenses, false advertising or
deceptive representations, or brought into this State under arms, or removed from one
••
place to another in this State under arms.
SEc. 4. Any workman of this State, or any workman of anoth er State who has or·
shall be influenced, induced or p ersuaded to engage with any persons mentioned in:
section 1 of this act, through or by m eans of any of the things therein prohibited, each
of such workmen shall have a right of action for recovery of all damages that each of
such workmen has sustained in consequence of the false or deceptive representations,
false advertising and false pretenses used to induce him to change his place of employment, against any person or persons, corporations, companies or associations directly
or indirectly causing such damages; and, in addition to all actual damages such workmen may have sustained, shall be entitled to recover such reasonable attorney's fees
as the court shall fix, to be taxed as costs in any judgment recovered.
INDIANA.
ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1901.
Boycotting.
SECTION 3312m.-Any person, firm or association of persons who shall make any
contract or enter into any agreement or make any combination or enter into any arrangement, directly or indirectly, to induce, procure or prevent any wholesale or retail
dealer in or manufacturer of m erchandise or of supplies or of material or article intended
for trade or used by any mechanic, artisan or dealer· in the prosecution of his busines
from selling such supplies to any dealer or to any mechanic or artisan; and any dealer
in or manufacturer of such supplies or material or article of trade or supplies or material
to be used by any mechanic, artisan or dealer who shall be a party, directly or indirectly, to any such contract, combination or arrangement, or who shall upon the request
of any party to any such contract, combination or arrangement r efuse to sell such
articles of trade, supplies or materials, or articles sold by any qealer or used by any
mechanic, or artisan, to any such person or persons who may require them in the prosecution of their said business, for the reason that said dealer, mechanic or artisan is not
a member of a combination or association of p ersons, shall be guilty of conspiracy
against trade. And all such contracts, agreements, combinations or arrangements
shall be void and of no effect whatever in law.
SEc. 3312n. Any person or persons, firm or association of individuals, or any individual connected therewith, who shall be r esponsible for th e making of any such
• 309B-07-59
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contract, 3.i:,areement or combination or arrangement, or shall be a party to any such
contract, combination or arrangement, or that shall take any part therein, as set out
in section 1 of this act [sec. 3312ml, shall, upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction, be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than
two thousand dollars, to which may be added imprisonment in the county jail for any
period not exceeding one year.
SEc. 33120. Each and every ferson, firm or association of persons who shall in any
manner violate the provisions o this act shall, for each and every day that such violation shall be committed and continued after dne notice given by the party interested
fto the] attorney-general or prosecuting attorney, forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars, which may be recovered in the name of the tate on the relation of the party
injured or on the relation of the prosecuting attorney in any county where the offense
is committed or where the offender or offenders reside. And it shall be the duty of
the prosecuting attorney of any county to prosecute any such action, and he- shall be
entitled to a fee of twenty-five dollars to be taxed against the defendant, in the event
of recovery, as a part of the costs of said action. Any such action may be taken in
any circuit or superior court of the county in which the defendant r esides or in which
he is engaged in pusiness.
SEc. 3312p. Any person who shall by any such contract or combination as set out
in section 1 of this act [sec. 3312m], be injured or damaged in his business thereby, or
by reason of anything forbidden or declared by this act to be unlawful, may maintain a
suit therefor in any court having jurisdiction thereof in the county where the defendant
resides or in which he is engaged in business, or in any county where service may be
-obtained, without respect to the amount in controversy, and the plaintiff in any such
action shall be entitled to recover all his costs and a reasonable attorney's fee therein.
SEc. 3312q. Whenever it shall appear to the court before whi:ch any proceedings
under this act may be pending, that the ends of justice require that other parties shall
be brought before the court, said court may cause them to be made parties defendant
hnd cause them to be served by the process of court as now required by law in such
cases provided, whether they reside in the county where said action is pending or not.
Blacklisting, etc.
SECTION 7076. If any person, agent, company or corporation, after having discharged any cmploye from his or its service, shall prevent, or attempt to prevent, by
word or writing of any kind, such discharged employee from obtaining employment
with any other person, company or corporation, such person, agent or corporation shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars nor less than one hundred dollars, and such person, agent, company or
corporation shall be liable in penal damages to such discharged person, to be recovered
by civil action; but this section shall not b e construed as prohibiting any person- or
agent of any company or corporation from informing in writing any other person,
company or corporation to whom such discharged p erson or employee has applied for
employment, a truthful statement of the reason for such discharge.
SEc. 7077. If any railway company or any other company or partnership or corporation i this State shall authorize, allow or permit any of its or their agents to blacklist
any discharged employees, or attempt by words or writing, or any other means whatever, to prevent such discharged employee, or any employee who may have voluntarily
l eft said company's service, from obtaining employment with any other p erson, or
company, said company shall b e liable to such employee in such sum as will fully
compensate him, to which may be added exemplary damages.
• The provision in the above section relative to employees who have voluntarily left service is void,
not having been expressed in the title of the act as required by the State constitution. 69 N. E.
Rep. 1003.
SEC. 7078. It shall be the duty of any J?erson, agent, company or corporation, after
having discharged any employee from his or its service, upon demand of such discharged employee, to furnish him in writing a full, succinct and complete statement
of the cause or causes of his discharge, and if such person, agent, company or corporation
shall refuse so to do within a reasonable time after such demand, it shall ever after be
unlawful for such person, agent, company or corporation to furnish any statement of
the causes of such discharge to any person or corJ?oration, or in any way to blacklist
or to prevent su ch discharged person from/rocurmg employment elsewhere, subject
to the penalties prescribed in section 1 o this act [sec. 7076]: Provided, That said
written cause of discharge, when so made by such person, agent, company or corporation at the request of such discharged employee shall never be used as the cause for
an action for slander or libel, either civil or criminal, against the p erson, agent, company, or corporation so furnishing the same.
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SEC. 7087p. Proprietors, agents or managers of any manufacturing or mercantile
establishment, mine or quarry, laundry, renovating works, bakery or printing office,
are l>rohibited from discriminating against any person or pers_ons, or class of labor
seekmg work, by posting notices or otherwise.
IOWA.
CODE OF 1897.
Blacklisting.
SECTION 5027. If any person, agent, company or corporation, after having discharged
any employee from his or its service shall prevent or attempt to prevent, by word or
writing of any kind, such discharged employee from obtainmg employment with any
other person, company or corporation, except by furnishing in writing on request a
truthful statement as to the cause of his discharge, such person, agent, company or
corporation shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred nor less than one
hundred dollars, and shall be liable for all damages sustained by any such person.
SEc. 5028. If any railway company or any other company, partnership or corporation shall authorize or allow any of its or their agents to blacklist any discharged employee, or attempt by word or writing or any other means whatever to prevent such
discharged employee, or any employee who may have voluntarily left said company's
service, from obtaining employment with any other person or company, except as
provided for in .t he preceding section, such company or copartnership shall be liable in
t!eble damages to such employee so prevented from obtaming employment.
KANSAS.
GENERAL STATUTES OF 1901.
Strikes of railroad employees, etc.
SECTION 2374. If any locomotive engineer, in furtherance of any combination or
agreement, shall willfully and maliciously abandon his locomotive, upon any railroad,
at any other point than the regular schedule destination of such locomotive, he shall
be fined not less than twenty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, and confined
not less than twenty days nor more than ninety days in the county jail.
SEC. 2375. If any person or persons shall willfully and maliciously, by any act or by
means of intimidation, impede or obstruct, except by due process of law, the regular
operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company, or other corporation,
firm or individual in this State, or of the regular running of any locomotive engine,
freight or pa senger train of any such company, or the labor and business of any such
corporation, firm or individual, he or they shall, on conviction thereof, be punished
by a fine of not less than twenty dollars, nor more than two hundred-dollars, and confined in the iOunty jail not less than twenty days nor more than ninety days.
SEC. 2376. If two or more persons shall willfully and maliciously combine or conspire together to obstruct or impede by any act, or by means of intimidation, the regular
operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company, or any other corporation, firm or individual in this State, or to obstruct, hinder or impede, except by due
process of law, the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train
on any railroad, or the labor or business of any such corporation, firm or individual,
such per ons shall on conviction thereof be punished by a fine not less than twenty
dollars nor more than two hundred dollars, and confined in the county jail not less
than twenty days nor more than ninety days.
SF.c. 2377. This act [secs. 2374-2377] shall not be construed to apply to cases of
persons voluntarily guitting the employment of any railroad company, or such other
corporation, firm or mdividual, whether by concert of action or otherwise, except as
is provided in section one of this act [sec. 2374].
Blacklisting.
SECTION 2421. Any employer of labor in this State, after having discharged any
per on from his service, shall not prevent or attempt to prevent by word, sign or
writing of any kind whatsoever any such discharged employee from obtaining employment from any other person, company or corporation, except by fmnishing in writing,
on request, the cause of such discharge.
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SEC. 2422. Any employer of labor in this State shall , upon the request of a discharged employee, furnish in writing the true cause or reason for such discharge.
SEC. 2423. Any employer of labor, his agent or employee, who shall violate the
provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction
be fined for each offense the sum of one hundred dollars, and thirty days' imprisonment
in the county jail.
SEC. 2424. Any person, firm or corporation found guilty of the violation of sections
one and two of this act [secs. 2421 and 2422] shall be liable to the party injured to an
amount equal to three times the sum he may be injured, and such employers of labor
shall also be liable for a reasonable attorney fee which shall be taxed as part of the
costs in the case.
KENTUCKY.
STATUTES OF 1903.
Obstructing operation, injiiring property, etc., of railroads.
SECTION 802. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to prevent, binder or
delay, or to attempt to prevent, hinder or delay, by violence, the transportation of
freight or passengers in this State, by any individual, firm, company, corporation or
association doing business in this S;tate, or to interfere with, by violence, any person
or agency engaged in the conduct of commerce and traffic in this State in such manner
as to obstruct or impede the movement and conduct of such commerce or traffic;
but nothing herein shall be construed to prevent any person, or class of persons, from
quitting their employment at any time they see proper.
SEc'. 803. And it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to prevent or hinder,
or attempt to prevent or hinder, by coercion, intimidation, or any trespass or violent
interference therewith, the free and lawful u1>e of his or its property, by any individual, firm: company, corporation, or association engaged in the business of transporting freight and passengers, and in the conduct of commerce and traffic in this
State, or the free and lawful use of said property by any agent or employee of the
owner thereof.
SEc. 804. Whoever shall violate the provisions of either of the two preceding sections
shaJl be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and , upon conviction by any co~ll't of competent jurisdictio~, shall be punished for each offense by a fine of not l ess than twentyfive nor more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the cou~ty jail of the
county wherein the offense is _c ommitted not less than ten days nor more than six
months, or shall be both so fined and imprisoned, in the discretion of the jury.
LOUISIANA.
REVISED LAWS OF 1897.
Intimidation of crew of steamboat, elc.
(Page 253.)
•
SEcTioN 944: Any person or persons who may, by violence or threats or in any
manner intimidate and prevent another from shipping upon any steamboat within
this State, or who shall thus interfere with or prevent any person who is one of the
crew of a steamboat from discharging his or her duty, or unlawfully interfere with
any laborer who may be taking on board or discharging cargo from a steamboat within
the State of Louisiana, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction
before any justice of the peace of this State or recorder of the city of New Orleans,
be fined not less than twenty dollars and costs of prosecution, and imprisoned not
less than twenty days in the parish jail.
SEC. 945. Any person who may ship upon a steamboat in the customary manne1· to
do service on said boat, either by the month or voyage, in the capacity of an officer,
engineer, pilot, clerk, mate, carpenter, cook, steward, cabin boy, watchman, fireman,
deck hand or laborer, who may abandon the boat before having fulfilled his engagements, or who may refuse to do his duty in the capacity for which he shipped or
engaged to perform, before the completion of the voyage or the term o[f] his engagement, without lawful cause, shall, besides forfeiting all claims to the wages due for
such service, be_ liable t_o the owner or owners of said steamer for any ~amages which
they may sustam by said abandonment or refusal to do duty.
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CHAPTER V.-LA W RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
933
MAINE.
REVISED STATUTES OF 1903.
CHAPTER 124.-Strikes of railroad employees, etc.
SECTION 6. Any employee of a railroad corporation who, in pursuance of an agreement or combination by two or more persons to do, or procure to be done, any act in
contemplation or furtherance of a dispute between such corporation and its employees,
unlawfully or in violation of his duty or contract, stops or unnecessarily delays or
abandons, or in any way injures a locomotive or any car or train of cars on the railroad track of such corporation, or in any way hinders or obstructs the use of any locomotive, car or train of cars on the railroad of such corporation, shall be punished by
fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the State prison or in
jail not exceeding one year.
SEC. 7. Whoever, by any unlawful act, or by any willful omission or neglect,
obstructs or causes to be obstructed an engine or carnage on any railroad, or aids or
assists therein; or whoever, having charge of any locomotive or carriage while upon or
in use on any railroad , willfully stops, leaves or abandons the same, or renders, or aids
or assists in rendering the same unfit for or incapable of immediate use, with intent
thereby to hinder, delay, or in any manner to obstruct or injure the management and
operation of any railroad, or the business of any corporation operating or owning the
same, or of any other corporation or person , and whoever aids or assists therein, shall
be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the State
prison or in jail not exceeding two years.
•
SEc. 8. Whoever, having any management of, or control, either alone or with others,
over any railroad locomotive, car or train, while it is used for the carriage of pers<;ms or
property, or is at any time guilty of gross carelessness or neglect thereon, or in relation
to the management or control thereof; or maliciously stops or delays the sa,meJ in
violation of the rules and regulations then in force for the operation thereof; ,or abst:r~cts
therefrom the tooJs or appliances p ertaining thereto, with intent thereby maliciously
to delay the same, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or
imprisonment in the State prison or in jail not exceeding three years.
.
SEC. 9. Whoever, alone, or in pursuance or furtherance of any · agreement or combination with others, to do, or procure to be done, any act in contemplation or furtherance of a dispute or controversy between a gas, telegraph, t elephone, electric light,
electric power or railroad corporation and its employees or workmen, wrongfully and
without legal autho~ityi uses violence towards, or intimidates any pers?n, ~n any way
or by any means, with ·mtent thereby to compel such person agamst his will to do , or
abstain from doing, any act which he has a legal right to do or abstain from doing;
or, on the premises of such corporation, by bribery, or in any manner or by any means,
induces, or endeavors or attempts to induce, such p erson to leave the employment
and service of such corporation with intent thereby to further the objects of such
combination or agreement; or in any way interferes with such person while in the
performance of his duty; or threatens or persistently follows such person in a disorderly
manner, or injures or threatens to injure his property with either of said intents, shall
be punished by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding three months.
SEc. 10. Any person in the employment of a railroad corporation, who, in furtherance of the interests of either :party to a dispute b etween another railroad corporation
and its employees, refuses to aid in moving the cars of such other corporation, or trains
in whole or in part made up of the cars of such other corporation, over the tracks of the
corporation employing him; or refuses to aid in loading or discharging such cars, in
violation of his duty as such employee, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five
hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the State prison or in jail not exceeding one y ear.
CHAPTER 127.-Intimidation of employees.
SECTION 21. Any employer, employee or other person, who by threats of injury,
intimidation or force, alone or in combination with others, prevents any person from
entering into, continuing in or leaving the employment of any person, firm or corporation, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by fine not
exceeding five hundred dollars.
•
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MARYLAND.
CODE OF ~1.JBLIC GE ERAL LAWS, 1903.
ARTICLE
27 .-Labor combinations not unlawful.
SECTION 33. An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do or procure
to be done any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between
employers and workmen, shall not be indictable as a conspiracy, if such act, committed
by one p erson, would not be punishable as an offense; nothing in this section shall
affect the law relating to riot, unlawful assembly, breach of the peace, or any offense
against any person or against property.
This act does not pre-vent the issue of an injunction forbidding a boycott and interference with
business of plaintiff or w ith his workmen or customers. 59 Atl. 721.
MASSACHUSETTS.
REVISED LAWS OF 1902.
CHAPTER
106.- Intimidation of employees.
SECTION 11. No person shall, by intimidation or force, prevent or seek to prevent
a person from entering into or continuing in the employment of any person or
corporation.
The gist of the offense is the seeking to prevent one employed by a corporation from continuing in its
employ by means of intimidation and force, and it is not necessary to allege in the indictment the particular acts in detail. 128 Mass. 70.
Intimidation is not limited to threats of violence or of physical injury to person or property. There
may be a moral intimidation which is illegal. 167 Mass. 98.
Displaying banners with devices as a means of threats and intimidation to prevent persons from
.entering or continuing in the employment of plaintiffs is a vioiation of t his section. Plaintiffs are not
restrieted to their remedy at law, but are entitled to relief by injunction. 147 ~ass. 212.
MICHIGAN.
COMPILED LAWS OF 1897.
Intimidation of e1nployees.
SECTION 11343. If any p erson or p ersons shall, by threats, intimidations, or otherwise, and without authority of law, interfere with, or in any way molest , or attempt
to interfere with, or in any way molest or disturb, without such authority, any
mechanic or other laborer, in the quiet and peaceable pursuit of his lawful avocation, such person or r ersons shall be d eemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction by a court o competent jurisdiction, shall be severally punished hy a fine
of not less than ten dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail where the offense shall have been committed, not less than
one month nor more than one year, or by hoth fine and imprisonment, in the discretion
of the court; but if such punishment be by fine, the offender shall be imprisoned in
such jail until the same be paid, not exceeding ninety days.
The distribution by members of a union of a boycott circular tended to coerce and ~timidate, and
was unlawful, as was picketing to intercept workmen a!;!d customers. 77 N . W. 13.
MINNESOTA.
REVISED LAWS OF 1905.
Interf erence with employment-Participation in strikes.
SECTION 1822. No individual, corporation, member of a.ny firm, or a.ny agent,
officer, or employee of any of them, shall contrive or conspire to prevent any person
from obtaining or holding any employment, or discharge, or procure or attempt to
procure the discharge of, any p erson from employment, by reason of his having engaged
in a strike.
SEc. 1823. No person, whether acting directly or through an agent, or as the agent
or employee of another, shall require , as a condition precedent to employment, any
written statement as to the participation of the applicant in .a strike, or a~ to his personal record, save as to his conviction of a public offense, for more than one year imme-
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CHAPTER V,-LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC,
diately preceding the date of his application therefor; nor shall any person, acting
in any of the aforesaid capacities, use or require blanks or forms of application for
employment in contravention of this section.
Conspiracy against workingmen.
SECTION
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4867. Whenever two or more persons shall conspire-
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5. To prevent another from exercising any lawful trade or calling, or from doing
any other lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening
to interfere with tools, implements, or property belonging to or used by another, or
with the use or employment thereof;
6. Or to commit any act injurious to the public health , public morals, trade. or
commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of public justice or the due administration of the laws•
Every such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
SE C. 4868. No conspiracy, except one of those enumerated in section 4867, shall
be punished criminally. No agreement, except to commit a felony upon the p erson
of another, or to commit arson or burglary, shall amount to a conspiracy, unless some
act besides such agreement be done to effect the object thereof by one or more of the
parties to such a~eement. The orderly and peaceable assembling ·or cooperation of
persons employea in any calling, trade, or handicraft, for the purpose of obtaining
an advance in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not
conspiracy.
Blacklisting.
SECTION 5097. * * * It shall be unlawful for any two or more corporations or
employers to combine, agree to combine, or confer together for the purI?ose of interfering with any person in procuring, or in preventing him from procurmg, employment, or to secure the discharge of any employee by threats, romises, circulating
blacklists, or any other means whatsoever. It shall be unlawfu for any company or
corporation, or any agent or employee thereof, to blacklist any discharged employee,
or by word or writing seek to prevent, hinder, or restrain a discharged employee, or
one who has voluntarily left its employ, from obtaining employment elsewhere.
Every person and corporation violating any of the foregoing provisions shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor.
1
'l'his section is constitutional. 110 N. W. 975.
The prohibition as to blacklisting applies to persons equally with companies and corporations, though
the word is not used in that particular sentence. 88 . W. 759.
Coercion of work:ingmen.
SECTION 5140. Every person who, with intent to compel another to do or abstain
from doing an act which such other person has a legal right to do, or abstain from doing,
shall wro gfully and unlawfully1. Use violence or inflict injury upon such other person or his family, or a member
thereof, or upon his property, or threaten such violence or injury;
2. Deprive any such person of any tool, implement, or clothing, or hinder him in
the use thereof; or
3. Attempt to intimidate such person by threats or force-Shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor.
MISSISSIPPI.
CODE OF 1906.
Conspiracy against worL:ingmen.
SECTION
1084. If two or more persons conspire either-
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(5) To prevent another from exercising a lawful trade or calling, or doing any other
lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening to interfere
with tools, implementsr or property belonging to or used by another, or with the use
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or employment thereof; or
(6) To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, trade, or
commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or of the due administration
of the laws; or
.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSI_O_N ER_ OF LAB~R.
Such persons, and each of them, shal~ be guilty of a misdemea~or, a_nd, on conviction, shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars, or shall be imprisoned not less
than one month nor more than six months, or both.
Obstructing operation, injuring property, etc., of railroads.
SECTION 1345. If two or more persons shall willfully and maliciously combine or conspire together to obstruct or impede, by any act, or by means of intimidation, the
regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company, or to impede,
hinder, or obstruct, except by due process of law, the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train on any railroad, or the labor and business of such
railroad company, such persons, and each of them, shall, on conviction, be punished
by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not
exceeding six months, or both; but this section shall not apply to persons who
merely quit the employment of a railroad company, whether by concert of action or
otherwise.
Intimidation of employees, etc.
SECTION 1398. Any person or persons who shall, by placards, or other writing, or
verbally, attempt by threats, direct or implied, of injury to the person or property of
another, to intimidate _such other person into an abandonment or change of home or
erripJoyment, shall, upon conviction , be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or
imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding six months, or in the penitentiary not
exceeding five years, as the court, in its discretion, may determine.
MISSOURI.
REVISED STATUTES OF 1899.
Intimidation of employees .
SECTION 2155. Every person who shall, by force, menace or threats of violence to
the p erson or property of another, compel or attempt to compel any person to abandon any lawful occupation or employment for any length of time, or prevent or attempt
, to prevent any person from accepting or entering upon any lawful employment, shall,
upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not less than six
months, or by a fine of not l ess than one hundred dollars, or by both such fine and
imprisonment . . Every person who shall, by threats of violence to the p erson or
property of another, compel or attempt to compel any person to abandon any lawful
occupation or employment for any length of time, or prevent any person from accepting or entering upon any lawful employment, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine not less than fifty dollars,
or imprisonment in the county jail not less than three months, or by both such fine
and imprisonment.
Blacklisting.
SECTION 2166. Every person who shall, in this State, send or deliver, or shall make
or cause to be made, for the purpose of being delivered or sent, or shall part with the
possession of any paper, letter or writing, with or without a name signed thereto, or
signed with a fictitious name, or with any letter, mark or other designation, or shall
publish or cause to be published any false statement for the purpose of preventing
such other p erson from obtaining employment in this State or elsewh ere, and every
p erson who shall ''blacklist" or cause to be ''blacklisted" any person or persons, by
writing, printing, publishing, or causing the same to be done, the name or any mark
or designation representing the name of any p erson in any paper, pamphlet, circular
or book, together with any false statement concerning said persons so named or shall
publish that any one is a member of any secret organization, for the purpose of preventing such other p erson from securing employment, or any p erson who shall do any
of the things mentioned in this section for the purpose of causing the discharge of any
person employed by any railroad or other company, corporation, individuals or individual, shall , on conviction, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor and punished by
a fine not exceedin~ one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail, or by
both such fine and imprisonment: . •
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CHAPTER V,_..:._LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
937 -
MONTANA.
CODES A D STATUTES-SA DER'S EDITION-1895.
POLITICAL CODE.
Protection of discharged emp,loyees, blacklisting, etc.
SECTION 3390. If any person, after having discharged an employee from his service
prevents, or attempts to prevent, by word or writing of any kind, such discharged
employee from obtaining employment with any other person, such person is pumshable as provided in section 656 of the Penal Code, and is liable in punitive damages to
such discharged person, to be recovered by civil action; no person is prohibited from
informing, by word or writing, any person to whom such discharged person or employee has applied for employment, a .truthful statement of the reason for such
discharge.
SEc. 3391. • If any company or corporation in this State authorizes or allows any of
its agents to blacklist, or any person does blacklist, any discharged employee, or
attempts by word or writing, or any other means whatever, to prevent any discharged
employee, or any employee who may have voluntarily left said company's service,
from obtaining employment with another person, except as provided for in the next
preceding section, such company or corporation or person, is liable in punitive damages to such emJ?loyee so prevented from obtaining employment, to be recovered by
him in civil action; and is also punishable as provided in section 656 o~ tb.E: .~enal
Code.
SEc. 3392. It is the duty of any person, after having discharged any employee from
his service, upon demand by such discharged employee, to furnish him in writing a
full, succinct and complete statement of the reason of his discharge, and if such person refuses so to do within a reasonable time after such demand, it is unlawful thereafter for such person to furnish any statement of the reason of such discharge to any
person, or in any way to blacklist or to prevent such discharged person from procuring employment elsewhere, subject to the penalties and damages prescribed in
this chapter.
PENAL CODE.
Conspiracy.
SECTION 320. If two or more persons conspire:
1. To commit any crime.
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5. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or for the
perversion or obstruction of justice, or due administration of the laws.
They are punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year,
or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or both.
SEC. 322 . o conspiracies other than those enumerated in the preceding sections
are punishable criminally.
•
SEc. 323. No agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or
to commit arson or burglary, amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act, besides such
agreement, be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to the
agreement.
SEC. 325 . The provisions of this chapter do not apply to any arrangement, agreement or combination between laborers made with the object of lessening the number
of hours of labor, or increasing wages, nor to persons engaged in horticulture Jr agriculture, with a view of enhancing the price of their products.
P ART I-TITLE IX-CHAPTER XL-Protection of discharged employees, blacklisting, etc.
SEC. 656. Every ferson who violates any of the provisions of * * * [sections
3390, 3391 and 3392 of the Political Code, relatin~ to the protection of discharged employees, and the prevention of blacklisting is gui~ty of a misdemeanor:
ACTS OF 1903.
CHAPTER 80.-Employment of labor- Fraudu.lent representations, etc.
SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, society, company, association, corporation, or organization of any kind, doing business in this State, to
induce, influence, persuade or engage workmen to change from one place to another
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
in this State, through or by means of deception, misrepresentation and false advertising concerning the kind or character of the work, or the sanitary or other conditions of
employment, or as to the existence of a strike or other trouble pending between the
employer and the employees, at the time of, or immediately prior to such engagement.
Failure to state in any advertisement, proposal or contract for the employment of
workmen that there is a strike, lockout, or other labor trouble at the place of the proposed employment, when in fact such strike, lockout or 0th.er trouble then actually
exists at such place, shall be deemed a false advertieement and misrepresentation for
the purpose of this act.
SEC. 2. Every person, company, corporation, society, association, or organization
of any kind, doing business in this State, violating any of the provisions of this act, is
punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred ( 100) dollars, not [nor] more than
two thousand ($2,000) dollars.
SEc. 3. Any workman of this State, or any workman of any State, who has been, or
shall be, influenced, induced or persuaded to engage with any person mentioned in section 1 of this act, through or by means of any of the things prohibited by this act, shall
have a right of action for recovery of all damages that he has sustained in consequence
of the deception, misrepresentation and false advertising used to induce him to change
his place of employment, against any person, corporation, company, or association,
directly or indirectly procurmg such change, and in addition thereto, he shall recover
reasonable attorney's fees to be fixed by the court and taxed as costs in any judgment
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recovered.
NEVADA.
ACTS OF 1905.
CHAPTER
150.-Blacklist'ing.
SECTION l. No corporation, company, organization, or irrdividual shall blacklist or
publish, or cause to be blacklisted or puhllshed, any employee, mechanic, or laborer
discharged by such corporation, company, organization or individual with the intent
and for the _purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic, or laborer from engaging
in or secunng similar or other employment from any other corporation, company,
organization, or individual.
SEC. 2. If any officer or agent of any corporation, company, organization 1 or individual,
or other person, shall blacklist or publish or cause to be blacklisted or published any
employee, mechanic or laborer discharged by such corporation, company, organization,
or md1viclual, with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee,
mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from
any other corporation, company, organization, or individual, or shall in any manner
conspire or contrive by correspondence or otherwise, to prevent such discharged
employee from procuring employment, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not le~s than fifty, nor more than two
hundred and fifty dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than thirty
nor more than ninety day , or both.
SEc. 3. llut this act shall not b8 construed <ts prohibiting any corporation, company,
organization or individual, from giving in writing, on application from such discharged
employee, or any corporation, company, or~a,mzation or individual who may desire
to employ such discharged employee, a truthtul statement of the reason for such discharge : Pro'vided, That said written cause of <l.ischarge, when so made by such person,
agent, company, organization or corporation shall not be used as the cause for an action
for libel, either civil or criminal, against the person, agent, company, organization or
corporation so furnishiug the same.
NEW HAMPSHIRE .
. PUBLIC STATUTES OF 1891.
CHAPTER
264.-Interference with employment .
SECTION 2. No person shall address any offensive, derisive, or annoying word to any
other person who is lawfully in any street or other puhlic place, nor call him by any
offensive or derisive name, nor make any noise or exclamation in his presence and
hearing with intent to rleride, offend, or annoy him, or to prevent him from pursuing his lawful business or occ.upation.
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CHAPTER V.-LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
CHAPTER
939
266.-Int-imidation, etc., of employers or employees.
SECTION 12. If any person shall interfere in any way what.ever to injure or damage
another in his person or property, while engaged in his lawful business, trade, or
occupation, or while on the way to or from the same, or shall endeavor to prevent
any person from engaging in his lawful business, trade, or calling, he shall be fined
not exceeding five hundred dollar:;,, or be imprisoned not exceeding one year.
NEW .JERSEY.
GENERAL 8TATUTES OF 1895.
Labor combinations not 1mlawful.
(Page 2344.)
S1<.:CTION 23. It sh.tll not be unlawful for any two or more persons to unite, combine
or hind themselves by oath, covenant, agreement, alliance or otherwise, to persuade,
advise or encourage, by peaceable means, any person or persons to enter into any
combination for or against leaving or entering into the employment of any person, persons or corporation.
Since this act, it is not unlawful for the members of an association to combine for the purpose of securing control of tho work connected with their trade, and to endeavor to effect such purposes by peaceable means. • 47 Eq. R ep. 519.
The purpose of this act was to legalize strikes. It would seem also to intend a legalization of combination to induce others to join in a strike, but the methods must be persuasive and not coercive.
46 Atl. R ep. 208.
The statute affects the status of the acts described only as declaring them not to b6 criminal, but does
not take away the right of any individual injured by them to bring suit to r ecover damages. 52 Atl.
Rep. 152.
a
ACTS OF 1903.
CHAPTER
257 .-Strikes of railroad employees.
SECTION 62. If any railroad employee on any railroad 'w ithin this State engaged
in any strike or with a view to incite others to such strike, or in furtherance of any
combination or preconcert with any other person to bring about a strike, shall abandon
the engine in his charge when attached to a train at any place other than the schedule
or otherwise al)pointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to continue
to discharge hIB duty, or to proceed with such train to the place of destination aforesaid; or if any railroad employee within this State, for the purpose of furthering the
object of or lending aid to any strike organized or attempted to be maintained on any
other railroad, either within or without the State, shall refuse or neglect in the course
of his employment to aid in the movement over and upon the tracks of the company
employing him of the cars of such other railroad company received therefrom in the
course of transit, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof shall be fined not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars,
and may also be imprisoned for ' a term not exceeding six months at the discretion
of the court.
SEC. 63. If any person in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any
railroad, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any locomotive engineer or other
railroad employee engaged in the discharge or performance of his duty as such, or
shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or destroy the rolling .stock or other pro·p erty of any railroad company, or shall take possession of or remove any such property, or shall prevent or attempt to prevent the use thereof by
such company or its employees, or shall by offer of recompense induce any employee
of any railroad company within this State to leave the service of such company while
in transit, every such person offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and
may also be imprisoned not more than one year, at he [the] discretion of the court.
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940
RE.PORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
N E W YORK.
REVISED STATUTES OF 1901.
Coercion of employees, etc.
(Page 522.)
A person who with a view to compel another person to do or to abstain from doing
an act which such other person has a l egal right to do or to abstain from doing, wrongfully and unlawfully:
1. Uses violence or inflicts injury upon such other person or his family, or a member thereof, or upon his property or threatens such violence or injury; or
2. Deprives any such person of any tool, implement or clothing or hinders him in
the use thereof; or
3. Uses or attempts the intimidation of such p erson by threats or force,
Is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Workmen may meet and discuss questions affecting their welfare and take such action as seems to
them best so long as it does not involve or tend to create a breach of the peace. • 'fhey may decline
to work unless their terms are complied with and may accost others and seek to persuade them to
join in such action. But if these rights are enforced in an iJ!egal manner, either alone or in company
with others, by the use of threats .or violence the offender becomes liable to arrest to prevent a breach
of the peace. 1 City Court Supp. 54.
(See also 4 N. Y. Cr. 3171 cited below.)
Conspiracy against workinguien.
(Page 655.)
SECTION
1. If two or more persons conspire, either
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5. To prevent another from exercising a lawful trade or calling, or doing any other
lawful act, by force, threats, intimidat ion, or by interfering or threatening to interfere
with tools, implements, or property belonging to or used by another, or with the rn,e or
employment thereof; or
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Each of them is gui1ty of a misdemeanor.
·A union provided by its by-laws that a member working for less than the fixed rate of wages should
forfeit a sum as penalty, to be recovered by pro:::ess of law. Held, in an action to recover such penalty,
(a) That the association was not unlawful within the meaning of this section. (b) That such a by-law
was not unlawful as made in restraint of trade. (c) That a penalty could properly be attached and an
action maintained for its recovery. (d) It is not unlawful for any number of persons to make mutual
agreements as to wages, but any association or combination for the purpose of compelling journeymen
or employers to conform to any rule or agreement fixing the rate oi wages to which they were not parties,
by the imposition of penalties, by agreeing to quit the service of any employer who employs journeym en below certain rates, unless the journeyman pays the penalty imposed by the combination, or by
m enaces, threats, intimidation, violence, or other unlawful m eans, is an indictable conspiracy. 2
D aly 1.
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An indictment charging that certain parties conspired by force, threats, and intimidation to prevent
a certain firm fro:-n exercising its lawful trade and calling; and by threats and threatening notices
attempted to intimidate certain employees and to constrain them fl.g ainst their own free will to quit
their employment; and that assaults on its employees were committed, the shop beset and breaches of
the peace committed in attempts to intimidate persons who desired to trade in the shop and prevent
them from doing so, was h eld to sufficiently ch a rge conspira.cy and coercion under the above section and
subdivisions 1 and 3 of the law on coercion (see above) .. Counts charging conspiracy against employer
and employees may be properly joined. 4 N.,.Y. Cr. 317.
Interferent.:e by outside parties with employment, the terms of which are satisfactory to the employees and attemots to enfor;;e a boycott on an employer until he shall accede to the demands of such outside p arties . are acts constituting offenses within this statute and at common law as well. Efforts by
combinations of men to coerce workmen to join unions or to hinder them from obtaining work on
account of not being members, or to interfere with the employers in the control of their lawful business
by means of threats of injury or loss, or by interference with property are illegal. 30 Fed. R ep. 48.
An agreeme1:t betwe~n ~ laJ:?or. organization and an employers' association_ not to employ any b~t
members of said orgarnzat10n IS, m effect, a threat to keep persons from workmg and to procure their
discharge. Such a contract, or the rules of a labor organization a re no defense in a suit for damages
from loss of employment by conspiracy. 46 N. E . Rep. 297.
SEc. 3. * * * the orderly and p eaceable assembling or cooperation of persons
employed in any calling, trade, or handic-raft, for the purpose of obtaining an advance
in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not a conspiracy.
Peaceable withdrawal from employment for the purpose of improving or maintaining wages is not an
offense within the provisions of sections 1 and 3. Section 3 does not authorize a combination of individuals to compel, by means condemned in section 1, workmen to join the organization, or to punish
those who may be inimical ihereto. 5 N. Y . Cr. 509.
A combination by workmen to drive out and prevent from working in a certain district an objectionable person, is a criminal conspiracy. -6 N. Y. Cr. 292.
.
An injunction should not be granted against a confederation of p ersons whose object it is to entice
employees from service in the absence of proof of intended violence, intimidation, etc. The remedy is
an action for damages. 9 Abb . New Cases 393.
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·941
The fact that a contract between a labor organization and an employers' association had the proper
object of avoiding disputes and conflicts does not legalize a plan compelling workmen not members of
the union to join it on peril of discharge. 152 N. Y. 33.
.
An injunction will not lie against a body of workmen combined for the purpose of peaceably and
'\\-ithout intimidation persuading their fellow-craftsmen to leave their employment in order to obtain
an advance in wages, and they may lawfully pay the expenses of those who leave. 17 N. Y. Supp. 264.
A combination of manufacturers has the right to lock out all operatives connected with an association of employees because of demands which it considers unjust, made by such association upon a member of the combination of manufacturers, and the employees' association bas an equal right to endeavor
~::iu~i~ those who have been accustomed to deal with the manufacturers to di~continue their trade.
W
E xtortion.
(Page 1412.)
SECTION
l. Extortion is the obtaining of property from another with his consent,
induced by a wrongful use of force or fear, or under color of official right.
SEC. 2. Fear, such as will constitute extortion, may be induced by a threat:
1. To do a.n unlawful injury to the person or property of the individual threatened,
or to any relative of his or to any member of his family;
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Obtaining money from an employer under a threat to keep the members of a labor union from returning to their employment under him is not extortion under the above sections. 61 Hun 571.
,
Intimidation does not require overt acts of violence or dire.ct threats by word of mouth. Persons
engaged in a boycott may intimidate by their numbers, methods, devices, etc. If these deter customers
from trading through a sense of danger if the appeals are ignored, there is intimidation. Obtaining
money by threats or by the continuance of a boycott as described constitutes the criwe of extortion
under the above sections. Those present and abetting when the money is paid or uniting in the acts
that lead to the payment or the agreement to pay, though not present wnen the money is received,
are each liable as principals. Whether the money is shared personfl.lly or placed in a fund to pay the
expenses of the boycott is of no consequence as A,ffecting the. crime. 4 N. Y. Cr. 403.
Defendant, the head of a labor organization, was properly charge!l with extortion when evidence
showed that he had demanded and received money as the price of abandoning a boycott undertaken to
coerce plaintiffs into obedience to his commands as to the number of apprentices they should employ.
137 N. Y. 29.
Breaking contract of service.
(Page 2274.)
SECTION 10. A person, who willfully and maliciously, either alone or in combination
with others, breaks a contract of service or hiring, knowing, or having reasonable
cause to believe, that the probable consequence of his so doing will be to endanger
human life, or to cause grievous bodily injury, or to expose valuable property to
destruction or serious injury, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Disorderly conduct on public conveyances-Labor demands.
(Page 26~.)
SECTION 8. Any person who shall by any offensive or disorderly act or language,
annoy or interfere with any person or persons in any place or with the passengers of any
public stage, railroad car, ferryboat, or other public conveyance, or who shall disturb
or offend the occupants of such stage, car, boat or conveyance, by any disorderly act,
language or display, although such act, conduct or display may not amount to an
assault or battery, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. A person who willfully
and wrongfully commits any act which seriously injmes the person or property of
another, or which seriously disturbs or endangers the public peace or health, or which
openly OQtrages public decency, for which no other punishment is expressly prescribed
by this code [penal code], is guilty of a misdemeanor; but nothing int.his code contained shall be so construed as to prevent any person from demanding an increase of
wages, or from assemblin& and using all lawful means to_induce em_ployers to pay such
wag~s to all pemons employed by them, as shall be a Just and fair compensation for
services rendered.
NORTH DAKOTA.
CO JSTITUTION.
ARTICLE
!.-Interfering with employment.
23. Every citizen of this State shall be free to obtain employment wherever
possible, and any person, corporati~n or agent thereof, maliciously interfering or
hindering in any way, any citizen from obtaining or enjoying employment already
obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.
SECTION
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ARTICLE
SEc.
17.-Blacklisting.
212. The exchange of "black lists" between corporations shall be prohibited.
REVISED CODES OF 1899'--PENAL CODE.
Conspiracy against workingmen, blacklisting, etc.
SECTION 7037. if two or more persons conspire, either
1. To commit a crime; or
*
*
*
*
*
*
* •
5. To prevent another from exercising a lawful trade or calling or doing any other
lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening to interfere
with tools, implements or property belonging to or used by another, or with the use
or employment thereof; or,
6. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals or to trade
or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or of the due administration of the laws; each 6f them is guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEC. 7039. No conspiracy is punishable criminally unless it is one of those enumerated in the last two sections, and the orderly and.peaceable assembling or cooperation
of persons employed in any calling, trade .or handicraft for the purpose of obtaining
an advance in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not
a conspiracy.
SEC. 7041. Every person, corporation, or agent thereof, who maliciously interferes
or hinders; in any way, any citizen of this State from obtaining employment or enjoying employment, already obtained from any other person or corporation, is guilty of a
misdemeanor.
SEc. 7042. Every corporation, officer, agent 01· employee thereof, and every person
of any corporation, on behalf of such corporation, who exchanges with or furnishes
or delivers to any other corporation or any officer, agent, employee or person thereof,
any "black list," is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Intimidation of employers and employees.
SECTION 7660. Every person who, by any use of force, throats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman,
laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from continuing or performing
his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or to induce such hired
person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work he has in hand
before it is finished, is guilty of a misd meanor.
SEC. 7661. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents
or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to
employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on
business, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices, workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate oi
wages or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEc. 7662. In all cases when two or more persons shall associate themselves together
for the purpose of obtaining possession of any lode, gulch or placer claim, then m the
actual poss.essi.on of another, by force and violence or by threats of violence, or by
stealth, and shall proceed to carry out such purpose by making threats against the
party or parties in possession, or who shall enter upon such lode or mining claim for
the purpose aforesaid, or who shall enter upon or into any lode, gulch, placer claim or
quaTtz mill or other mining property, or, not being upon such pro-p erty but within
hearing of the same, shall make any threats or make use of any language, sign or gesture
calculated to intimidate any person or persons at work on said property from continuing work thereon or therein, or to intimidate others from engaging to work thereon or
therein, every_ such person so offending, shall, upon conviction, be punished by
imprisonment in the county jail not exceedin~ six months and not less than thirty
days, and by fine not exceeding two hundred anct fifty dollars, such fine to be discharged
either by payment or by confinement in such jail until such fine is discharged at the
rate of two dollars and fifty cents per day. On trials under this section, proof of a
common purpose of two or more persons to obtain possession of property as aforesaid,
or to intimidate laborers as above set forth, accompanied or followed by any of the
acts above specified, by any of them, shall be.sufficient evidence to convict any one
committing such acts, although the parties may not be associated together at the time
of committing the same.
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OKLAHOMA.
STATUTES OF 1893.
Intimidation of employees.
PARAGRAPH 2544. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation,
prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman, laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from continuing or per..forming his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or induce such
hired person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work- he has in
hand, before it is finished, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
PAR. 2545. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents
or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to • ·
employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on business, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices,
workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate of wages
or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
ACTS OF 1897.
CHAPTER 13-ARTICLE 4.-Blacklisting.
SECTION 1. No company, corporation or individual shall blacklist or require a letter
of relinquishment, or publish, or cause to be published, or blacklisted, any employee,
mechanic or laborer, discharged from or voluntarily leaving the service of such company, corporation or individual, with intent and for the purpose of preventing such
employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other empioyment from any other corporation, company or individual.
.
.
SEC. 2. Any person or persons, company or corporation violating this act shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction thereof, be :fined in any sum of
not less than one hundred dollars, nor more thal). five hundred dollars, and any person
so blacklisted shall have the right of action to recover damages.
OREGON.
ANNOTATED CODES AND STATUTES OF 1902.
Intimidation, etc., of employers and employees.
SECTION 1971. If any person shall, by force, threats or intimidation, prevent, or
endeavor to prevent, any person employed by another from continuing or performing
his work, or from accepting any new work or employment; or if any person shall circulate any false written or printed matter, or be concerned in the circulation of any
such matter, to induce others not to buy from or sell to or have dealings with any
person, for the purpose or with the intent to prevent such person from employing any
person, or to force or compel him to employ or discharge from his employment any one,
or to alter his mode of carrying on his business, or to limit or increase the number of his
employees or their rate of wages or time of service, such person shall be deemed guiltY.
of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be imprisoned in the county jail
not more than six nor less than one month, or by fine of not less than ten nor more
than two hundred dollars.
The action of the executive committee of a labor union in going to an establishment and directing the
members of the union at work there to cease their work under penalty of being dealt with according to
the rules of the union, is not, in the absence of acts· of intimidation and violence, unlawful under this
section. 26 Oreg. 544.
ACTS OF 1903.
Blacklisting.
(Page 137.)
SECTION 1. No corporation, company, or individual shall blacklist or publish, or
cause to be blacklisted or published, any employee, mechanic, or laborer, discharged
by such corporation:, company, or individual, with intent and for the purpose of preventing such employel'), mechanic, or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or
other employment from any other corporation, company, or individual.
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SEc. 2. I£ any officer or agent of any corporation, company, or individual, ot other
p erson, shall blacklist oi publish, or cause to be blacklisted or published, any employee, .
m echanic, or laborer, with intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee,
m echanic, or laborer from en~aging in or securing similar or other employment from
any corporation, company, or mdiv1dual, or shall, in any Dlanner, conspire or contrive,
by correspondence or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from securing
employment, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof shall be fined in a sum not l ess than $50 nor more than $250, or imprisoned in
the county jail not l ess than thirty nor more than ninety days, or both, at the discretion
of the court.
Employment of labor-False representations, etc.
(Page 193.)
SECTION 1. Any p erson, firm, company, corporation, or association of any kind
employing labor, who shall, eith er in p erson, or by or through any agent, manager, or
other l egal representatives, by any false or deceptive representation or false advertising,
concerning the amount or character of the compensation to be paid for any work, or as
to the existence or nonexistence of a strike, lockout, or .other labor troubles p end~ng
b etween employer or employees: or who shall n eglect to state in such advertisement,
proposal , or inducement for the employment of workmen that there is a strike, lockout,
or unsettled condition of labor, when su ch strike, lockout, or unsettled condition of
labor actually exists, shall induce, influence, p ersuade, or engage workmen to change
from one place to another in this State: or who shall bring workmen of any class or
calling into this State to work in any of the departments of labor , shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall b e fined in a sum not
exceeding $1,000, or confined in the county jail not exceeding one year, or both. .
SEC. 2. Any workmen of this State, or any workmen of another State, who has [have]
or.shall be influenced , induced , or persuaded to engage with any persons mentioned in
section 1 (one) of this act, through or by means of any of the things therein prohibited,
each of such workmen shall have a right of action for recovery of all damages that each
such workman has sustain_e d in consequ ence of the false or deceptive representations,
false advertising, and false pretenses used to induce him to change his place of employm ent against any person or persons, corporations, companies, or associations, directly
or indirectly causing . such damages; and, in addition to all actual damages such
workmen may have sustained, shall be entitled to recover su ch •r easonable attorney's
fees as the court shall fix, to be taxed as costs in any judgment recovered.
PENNSYLVANIA.
BRIGHTLY'S PURDON'S DIGEST-1895.
Labor combinations not unlawful, etc:
(Page 484.)
SECTION 72. It shall be lawful for any laborer or laborers, workingman or working•
m en , journ~yman or journeymen, acting either as individuals or as the member of
any club, society or association, to refuse to work or labor for any p erson or persons,
whenever, in his, h er or their opinion, the wages paid are insufficient, or the treatment of such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen , journeyman or journey-'
m en , by his, her or their employer is brutal or offensive, or the continued labor by
such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen,
would be contrary to the rules, regulations or by-laws of any club , society or organ-:ization to which h e, she or they might belong, without subjecting any p erson or per-'
sons, so refusing to work or labor, to prosecution or indictment for conspiracy under
the criminal laws of this Commonwealth: Provided, That this act shall not be h eld to
apply to the member or members of any club , society or organization, the constitution,
by-laws, rules and regulations of which are not in strict conformity to the constitution
of the State of P ennsylvania, and to the Constitution of the United States: P rovided,
That nothing h erein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under
exiRting laws, of any p erson or persons who shall, in any way, hinder persons who
desire to labor for their employers from so doing, or other p ersons from being employed
as laborers.
This statute does not authorize an interference, by members of a labor union, with workmen or
apprentices bound by a contract for a specified t erm and obligated not to join a union. 48 Atl. Rep. 8~4.
SEc. 73. It shall be lawful for employees, acting either as individuals or collectively,
or as the members of any club, assembly, association or organization, to r efuse to work
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or labor for anv person, persons, corporation or corporations, whenever in his, her or
their opinion the wages paid are insufficient, or his, her or their treatment is offensive
or unjust, or whenever the continued labor or work by him, her or them would be
contrary to the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of
any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting of which he, she or they may
be a member or may have attended, and as such individuals or members or as
having attended any meeting, it shall be lawful for him, her or them to devise and
adopt ways and means to make such rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions effective, without subjecting them to indictment for conspiracy at common
law or under the criminal laws for this Commonwealth:
Provided, first, That this act shall not be held to apply to the member or members
of any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting, the constitution, rules,
regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of which are not in conformity with the
Constitution of the United States, and to the constitution of the Commonwealth:
Provided, second, That nothin~ herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and
punishment, under any law, other than that of conspiracy, of any person or persons
who shall, by the use of force, threats or menace of harm to person or property, hinder
or attempt to hinder any person or persons who may desire to labor or work for any
employer from so doing for such wages and upon such terms and conditions as he,
she or they may deem proper:
And provided, third, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution
and punishment of any persons conspiring to commit a felony.
Under these sections.a committee of a trade union may notify members to quit work without making
themselves liable for conspiracy, unless force, threats or menaces are used to hinder those wishing to
work. 15 Phil. Rep. 393.
The maintenance of a boycott by the use of injurious and threatening acts that caused plaintiff's
business to fall off greatly is not protected by these sections, but the parties thereto may be enjoined.
5 Co. C. Rep. 163.
Strikes of railroad employees.
(Page 533.)
SECTION 357. If any locomotive engineer, or other railroad employee, upon any
railroad within this State, engaged in any strike, or with a view to incite others to
such strike, or in furtherance of any combination or preconcerted arrangement with any
other person to bring about a strike, shall abandon the locomotive engine in his charge,
when attached either to a passenger or freight train, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to
continue to discharge his duty, or to proceed with said train to the place of destination
as aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof,
shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than :five hundred dollars,
and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the
court.
1
SEC. 358. If any locomotive engineer, or other railroad employee, within this State,
for the purpose of furthering the object of, or lending aid to any strike or strikes,
organized or attempted to be maintained on any other railrpad, either within or
without this State, shall refuse or neglect, in the course of his employment, to aid in
the movement over and upon the tracks of the company employing him, [or] [of] the
cars of such other railroad company, received there:from in the courne of transit, he
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be
fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and may
be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.
SEc. 359. If any person, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any
railroad, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any locomotive engineer, or other
railroad employee, engaged in the discharge and performance of his duty as such,
every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than one hundred nor more than two hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of
the court.
SEc. 360. If any person or persons, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike,
shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or q.estroy the rolling
stock or any other property of any railroad company, or shall take possession of, or
remove any such property, or shall prevent or attempt to prevent the use thereof by
such railroad company or its employees, every such person so offending shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five
hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, and may be imprisoned not less
than six months nor more than one year, at the discretion of the court.
309B-07-60
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Labor organizations.
(Page 2017.)
SECTION 1. It shall be lawful for any and all classes of mechanics, journeymen,
tradesmen and laborers to form societies and associations for their mutual aid , benefit
and protection, and peaceably to meet, discuss and establish all necessary by-laws,
rules and regulations to carry out the same; * * * Provided, The provisions of
this act [section] shall not apply to the counties of Clearfield and Centre.
SEC. 2. It shall be lawful for any laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen,
journeyman or journeymen, acting either as individuals or as the member of any club,
society or association, to refuse to work or labor for any person or. persons, whenever,
in h is, her or their opinion, the wages paid are insufficient, or the treatment of such
laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, by his,
her or their employer is brutal or offensive, or the continued labor by such laborer or
laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen , would be contrary
to the rules, regulations or by-laws of any club, society or organization to which he,
she or they might belong, without subjecting any person or persons so refusing to work
or labor, to prosecution or indictment for conspiracy, under the criminal laws of this
Commonwealth: Provided, That this act shall not be held to apply to the member or
members of any club , society or organization, the constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations of which, are not in strict conformity to the constitution of the State of Pennsylvania and to the Constitution of the United States: Provided, That nothing herein
contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under e.x.isting law, of any
person or persons who shall, in any way, hinder persons who desire to labor for their
employers from so doing, or other persons from being employed as laborers.
SEc. 3. The second proviso in * * * [section 2, above] * * * shall be so
construed that the use of lawful or peaceful means, having for their object a lawful
purpose, shall not be regarded as" in any way hindering " persons who desire to labor;
and that the use of force, threat or menace of harm to persons or property, shall alone
be regarded as in any way hindering persons who desire to labor for their employers
from so doing, or other persons from being employed as laborers.
SEC. 11. It shall be lawful for employees, acting either as individuals or collectively,
or as the members of any club, assembly, association or organization, to refuse to work
or labor for_any person, persons; corporation or corporations, whenever in his, her or
their opinion the wages paid a,re insufficient, or his, her or their treatment is offensive
or unjust, or whenever the continued labor or work by him, her or them would be contrary to the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of any
club, assembly, association, organization or meeting of which he, she or they may be a
member or may have attended, and as such individuals or members or as having
attended any meeting it shall be lawful for him, her or them to devise and adopt ways •
and means to make such rules, regulations, by-laws , resolution or resolutions effective,
without subjecting them to indictment for conspiracy at common law or under the
criminal laws of this Commonwealth: Provided, first, That this act shall not be held
to apply to the member or members of any club, assembly, association, organization
or meeting, the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of
which are not in conformity with the Constitution of the United States and to the constitution of this Commonwealth: Provided, second, That nothing herein contained shall
• prevent the prosecution and punishment, under any law, other than that of conspiracy,
of any person or persons who shall, by the use of force, threats or menace of harm to
person or property, hinder or attempt to hinder any person or persons who may desire
to labor or work for any employer from so doing for such wages and upon such terms
and conditions as he, she or they may deem proper: And provided,further, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment of any persons
conspiring to commit a felony.
' A striker who interferes with his employer by insulting language and threats will be bound over to
keep the peace. 11 Co. C. Rep. 481.
A striker using insulting and threatening language toward a nonunion workman will be punished for
disorderly conduct. 12 Co. C. Rep. 91.
Employers may combine to resist an advance in wages by refusing to sell to parties who have conceded such advance, and are not liable in damages for so doing or for advising others n,ot to sell to such
persons. 33 W. N. C. 421.
RHODE ISLAND.
GENERAL LAWS OF 1896.
CHAPTER 278. --Intimidation of employees.
SECTION 8. Every person who, by himself or in ccncert with other persons, shall
attempt by force, violence, threats or intimidation of any kind to prevent, or who
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shall prevent any other person from entering upon and pursuing any employment,
upon such terms and conditions as he may think proper, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor and be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or be imprisoned not
exceeding ninety days.
0
CHAPTER 279.-Interference with employment.
SECTION 45. Every person who shall willfully and maliciously or mischievously
injure or destroy the property of another, or obstruct the use of the property of another,
or obstruct another in the J?rosecution of his lawful business or pursuits, in any manner,
the punishment whereof 1s not specially provided for by statute, shall be fined not
exceeding twenty dollars or be imprisoned not exceeding three months.
SOUTH DAKOTA.
REVISED CODES OF 1903.
PENAL CODE .
Intimidation
9J employers and employees.
SECTION 757. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman,
laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from contmuing or performing
his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or to induce such hired
person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work he has in hand
before it is finished, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEC. 758. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents
or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to
employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on busin ess, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices,
workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate of wages
or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
SEC. 759. In all cases where two or more persons * · * * shall enter upon or into
any lode, gulch, placer claim or quartz mill or other mining property, or, not being
upon such property but within hearing of the same, shall make any threats or make
use of any language, sign or gesture calculated to intimidate any person or persons at
work on said property from continuing work thereon or therein, or to intimidate others
from engaging to work thereon or therein, eve1·y such p erson so offending, shall, upon
conviction, be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months
and not less than thirty days, and by a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, such fine to be discharged either by payment or by confinement in such jail until
such fine is discharged at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per day. On trials
under this section, proof of a common purpose of two or more persons * * * to
intimidate laborers as above set forth, accompanied or followed by any of the acts
above specified, by any of them, shall be sufficient evidence to convict any one committing such acts, although the parties may not be associated together at the time of
committing the same.
TENNESSEE.
ACTS OF 1901.
CHAPTER 104.-Employment of labor-Using deception, unlawful force, etc.
SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, company, corporation,
society, association or organization of any kind doing business in this State by himself,
themselves, his, its or their agents or attorneys, to induce[,] influence, persuade or
engage workmen to change from one place to another in this State, or to bring workmen
of any class or calling into this State to work in any of the departments of labor in this
State through or by means of false or deceptive representations, false advertising or
false pretenses, concerning the kind and character of the work to be done, or amount
and character of the compensation to be paid for such work, or the sanitary or other
conditions of the employment, or as to the existence or nonexistence of a strike, or
other trouble pending between employer and employees, at the time of or prior to such
engagement. Failure to state in any adverti ement, proposal or contract for the
employment of workmen that there is a strike, lockout or other labor troubles at the
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place of the proposed employment, when in fact such strike, lockout or other labor
troubles then actually exist at such place, shall be deemed as false advertisement and
misrepresentation for the purposes of this act.
SEC. 2. Any person, persons, company, corporation, society, association or organization of any kind, doing business in this State, as well as his, their or its agents, attorneys, servants, or associates, found guilty of violating section 1 of this a~t, or any part
thereof, shall be fined not less than $500, or confined in the county jail not exce~ding
one year, or both, where the defendant or defendants is or are a natural person or
persons.
SEC . 3. Any person or persons who shall in this or another State, hire, aid, abet
or assist in hiring, through agencies or otherwise, persons to guard with arms or deadly
weapons of any kind for any such purpose without a permit from the governor of this
State, shall be guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in the
penitentiary not less than one year, nor more than five years: Provided, That nothing
contained in this act shall be construed to interfere with the right of any person, persons, or company, corporation, society, association or organization in guarding or
protecting their private property or private interests, as is now provided by law; but
this act shall be construed only to apply in cases where workmen are brought into this
State, or induced to go from one place to another in this State by any false pretenses,
false advertising or deceptive representations, or brought into this State under arms, or
removed from one place to another in this State under arms.
SEC. 4. Any workman of this State, or any workman of another who has or shall be
influenced, induced or persuaded, to engage with any persons mentioned in section 1
of this act, through or by means of any of the things therein prohibited, each of such
workmen shall have a right of action for recovery of all damages that each such workman has sustained in consequence of the false or deceptive representations, false
advertising and false pretenses used to induce him to change his place of employment,
against any person or persons, corporations, companies or associations, directly or
indirectly, causing such damages, and in addition to all actual damages such workmen
may have sustained , shall be entitled to recover such reasonable attorney's fees as the
court shall fix, to be taxed as costs in any judgment recovered.
TEXAS.
REVISED STATUTES OF 1895.
PE
AL CODE.
Intimidation of employees.
ARTICLE 299. An" unlawful assembly" is the meeting of three or more persons with
the intent to aid each other by violence or in any other manner either to commit an
offense or illegally to deprive any person of any right, or to disturb him in the enjoym ent thereof.
ART. 309. If the purpose of the unlawful assembly be to prevent any person from
pursuing any labor, occupation or employment, or to intimidate any person from
following his daily avocation, or to interfere in any manner with the labor or employment of another, the punishment shall be by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
Strikers who prevented a train fr om running and being operated were guilty of an offense under
this section, as interfering with the labor and employment of the conductor in charge of said train.
23 C. App. 330.
ART. 324. If any person, by engaging in a riot, shall prevent any other person from
pursuing any labor, occupation or employment, or intimidate any other p erson from
following his daily avocation, or interfere in any manner with th e labor or employment
of another, he shall be punished by confinement in the county jail not less than six
months nor more than one year.
Intimidation of employees.
ARTICLE 600. Any person who shall, by threatening words, or by acts of viol ence or
intimidation, prevent or attempt to prevent another from engagmg or remaining in
or from performing the d_uties of any lawful employment, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof sh all be punished hy a fine of not l ess than
twenty-five nor more than five hundred dollars, or by confinement not l ess than one
nor more than six months in the county jail.
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Intirnidation of railroad employees.
ARTICLE 806. Any person or persons who shall, by force, threats, or intimidation of
any kind whatever, against any railroad engineer or engineers, or any conductor,
brakeman, or other officer or employee employed or engaged in running any passenger
train, freight train, or construction train, running upon any railro~d in this State,
prevent the moving or running of said passenger, freight or construction train, shall
be deemed guilty of an offense, and upon conviction thereof each and every person
so offending shall be fined in a sum not l ess than one hundred <lollars nor more than
:five hundred dollars, and also imprisoned in the county jail for any period of time
not l ess than three months nor more than twelve months.
ART. 807. Each day said train or trains mentioned in the preceding article are
prevented from moving on their road, as specified in the preceding article, shall be
deemed a separate offense, and shall be punished as prescribed in the preceding
article.
ACTS OF 1899.
CHAPTER
153.-Labor cornbinations not unla-iifnl.
SECTION 1. From and after the passage of this act it shall be lawful for any and all
persons engaged in any kind of work or labor, manual or mental, or both, to associate themselves together and form trades unions and other oro-anizations for the
RurI?ose ~)f pro~ecting th_emselves _in their personal work, personal labor, and personal
service, m then· respective pursmts and employments.
SEC. 2. And it shall not be held unlawful for any member or members of such
trades unions or other organization or association, or any other person, to induce or
attempt to induce by_p eaceable and lawful means, any person to accept any particular employment, or quit or relinquish any particular employment in which such
pen;on may then be engaged, or to enter auy pursuit, or refuse to enter any pursuit,
or quit or relinquish any pursuit in which such person may then be engaged: Provided, That such member or members shall not have the right to invade or trespass
upon the premises of another without the consent of the owner thereof.
SEC. 3. But the foregoing sections shall not be held to apply to any combination
or combinations, association or associations of capital, or capital and persons, natural
or artificial, formed for the purpose of limiting the production or consumption of
labor's products, or for any other puq>0se in restraint of trade: Pro1:ided, That nothing herein contained shall be h eld to mterfere with the terms and conditions of private contract with regard to the time of service, or other stipulations between employers and employees: Provided f'l.lrlher, That nothing herein contained shall be
construed to repeal, affect or diminish the force and effect of any statute now existing on tho subject of trusts, conspiracies against trade, pools and monopolies.
SEc. 4. Whereas, it is essential and desirable that this bill should go into effect at
the earlie t practicable moment, therefore an emergency and an imperative public
necessity exists, requiring the suspension of the constitutional rule requiring bills to
be read on three several dayfl, and said rule is so suspended, and this act shall tak.e
effect and be in force from and after its passage, and it is so enacted.
ACTS OF 1901.
CHAPTER
99.-Blacldisting.
SECTION 1. No corporation(,] company, or individual shall blacklist or publish,
or caused [cause] to be blacklisted or published, any employee, mechanic, or laborer
discharged by such corporation, company or individual with the intent and for the
purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securlll[ similar or other employment from any other corporation, company or individual.
~EC. 2. If any officer or agent of any corporation, company or individual, or other
person, shall blacklist or publish or cause to be blacklisted or published any employee,
mechanic or laborer discharged by such corporation, company or individual, with
the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer
from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation,
companv or mdividual, or shall in any manner conspire or contrive by correspondence or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from procuring employment,
he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be
fined not l ess than .fifty nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or be imprisoned
in the county jail not l ess iban thirty nor mor~ than ninety days or both.
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SEc. 3. But this act thall not be construed as prohibiting any corporation, company or individunl, from giving in writing, on application from such dis.charged
employee, or any corporat10n, company or individual who may desire to employ
such discharged employee, a truthful statement of the reason for such discharge:
Proirided, That E\aid written cause of discharge, when so made by such person, a~ent,
company or corg>ration, shall never be used as the cause for an action for libel, either
civil or criminal, against the person, agent [,J company or cotporation so furnishing
same.
SEC. 4. He is guilty of blacklisting who placeB, or causes t o be placed, the name
of any discharged employee, or any employee who has voluntarily left the service
of any individual, firm, company, or corporation on any book or list, or publishes it
in any newspaper, periodical[,] letter or circular, with the intent to prevent Raid
employee from seruring employment of any kind with any other person, firm, corporation or company, either in a public or private capacity.
ACTS OF 1903.
CHAPTER 94.-Conspiracy-Boycotting.
SECTION 3. Either or any of the following acts shall constitute a conspiracy in
restraint of trade :
1. Where any two or more persons, firms, corporations, or associations of persons
who a.re engaged in buying or selling any article of merchandise , produce or any commodity, enter into an agreement or understanding to refuse to buy from or sell to any
other person, firm, corporation, or association of persons any article of merchandise,
produce or commodity.
•
2. Where any two or more persons, firms, corporations or associations of persons
shall agree to boycott or threaten to refuse to buy from or sell to any person, firm, corporation or association of persons for buying from or selling to any other person, firm,
corporation or association of p ersons.
SEC. 4. Any and all trusts * * * and conspiracies in restr2int of trade as herein
defined, are h ereby prohibited and declared to be illegal.
SEc. 11. Each and every firm, person, cor_poration or association of persons who
shall in any manner violate any of the provis10ns of this act shall for each and every
day that such violation shall be committed or continued, forfeit and pay the sum of
fifty dollars, which may be recovered in the name of the State of Texas in any county
where the offense is committed or where either of the offenders reside, or in Travis
County, and it shall be the duty of the attorney-general, or the district or county
attorney under the direction of the attorney-general, to prosecute for the recovery of
the same, and the fees of the prosecuting attorney for representing the State in proceedings under this act shall be over and above the fees allowed him under the general fee bill.
SEC. 12. Any contract or agreeme.n t in violation of the provisions of this act shall
be absolutely void and not enforcible either in law or equity.
SEC. 13. And in addition to the penalties and forfeitures herein provided for, every
p erson violating this act may further be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary
not less than one nor more than ten years.
UTAH.
CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE XII.-Interference with employment.
SECTION 19. Every person in this State shall be free to obtain employment wheneve~ :possibl~, and !1ny pe1:3on, ~orp_oration, or agent, servant or emI?l~yee ther_eof,
mahc10usly mterfermg or hmdermg 1h any way, any person from obtammg or enJoying employment already obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be
deemed guilty of a crime. The legislature shall provide by law for the enforcement
of this section.
ARTICLE XVI.-Blacklisting.
SECTION 4. The exchange of black lists by railroad companies or other corporations,
aesociations or persons is prohibited.
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REVISED STATUTES OF 1898.
Black listing.
SECTION 1340. No company, corporation, nor individual shall blacklist, or publish,
or cause to be published or blacklisted, any employee, mechanic, or laborer, discharged
or voluntarily leaving the service of such company, corporation, or individual, with
intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic, or laborer from
engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company, or indiv idual.
_
SEC. 1341. If any person or any officer or agent of any company, corporation, or individual, shall blacklist, or publish, or cause to be published, any employee, mechanic,
or laborer, discharged by such corporation, company, or individual, with the intent
and for the purJ?OSe of preventing such employee, mechanic, or laborer from engaging
in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company, or
individual, or shall in any manner conspire or contrive, by correspondence, or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from securing employment, he shall be
deemed guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars, nor more than one thousand dollars, and be imprisoned in the State prison
not less than sixty days nor more than one year.
ACTS OF 1905.
CHAPTER 16.- Inforference with employment-Intimidation.
SECTION 1. Any person or persons in this State who shall threaten to destroy property or to do bodily harm, for the purpose of preventing any person or p ersons from
entering or remaining in the employ of any company, corporat10n or individual, shall
be guilty of a misdemeanor.
VERMONT.
STATUTES OF 1894.
CHAPTER 220.-Intimidation of employees.
SECTION 5041. A person who threatens violence or injury to another person with
intent to prevent his employment in a mill, manufactory, shop, quarry, mme, railroad
or other occupation, shall be imprisoned not more than three months, or fined not
more than one hundred dollars.
SEc. 5042. A person who, by threats, intimidation or by force, alone or in combination with others, affrights, drives away or prevents another p erson from accepting,
undertaking or prosecuting such employment, with intent to prevent the prosecution
of ·work in such mill, shop, manufactory, mine, quarry, railroad or other occupation,
shall be imprisoned in the State prison not more than five years, or fined not more than
five hundred dollars.
A count charged conspiracy to binder and prevent by violence, threats, and intimidation the employment and retention by a company of certain employees; also conspiracy to terrify and drive away
workmen by threats, with malicious intent to injure said company; also threats to publish the names
of employees in the "scab" list of a trade journal, thus putting them in fear and driving them away.
Held, that these counts sufficiently charged an offense under the abo,e sections. 59 Vt. 273.
vmGINIA.
CODE OF 1904.
Blacklisting.
SECTION 3657c. No corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company doing
business in this State, or any agent or attorney of such corporation, manufacturer or
manufacturing company, after having discharged any employee from the service of
such corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company, shall willfully and
maliciously prevent or attempt to prevent, by word or writing, directly or indirectly,
such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person or corporation. For any violation of this section the offender shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be fined not less than one hundred nor
more than five hundred dollars. But this section shall not be construed as prohibiting
any corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company from giving in writing, on
application from any other person or corporatio11, a truthful statement of the reason for
such discharge.
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WASHINGTON.
ACTS OF 1899.
CHAPTER 23.-Blacklisting.
SECTION 1. Every person in this State who shall willfully and maliciously, send or
deliver, or make or cause to be made, for the purpose of being delivered or sent or
part with the possession of any paper, l etter or writing, with or without name signed
thereto, or signed with a fictitious name, or with any letter, mark or other designation,
or publish or cause to be published any statement for the purpose of preventing any
other person from obtaining employment in this State or elsewhere, and every person
who shall willfully or maliciously "blacklist" or cause to be "blacklisted" any person or persons, by writing, printing or publishing, or causing the same to be done, the
name, or mark, or designation representing the name of any person in any paper, pamphlet, circular or book, together with any statement concerning persons so named, or
publish or cause to be published that any person is a member of any secret organization, for the purpose of preventing such person from securing employment, or who
shall willfully and malicioU;Sly make or issue any statement or paper that will tend to
influence or prejudice the mind of any employer against the person of such person
seeking employment, or any person who shall do any of the things mentioned m this
section for the purpose of causing the discharge of any person employed by any railroad or other company, corporation, individual or individuals, shall, on conviction
thereof, be adjudged guilty of misdemeanor and punished by a fine of not l ess than
one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the
county jail for not less than ninety days nor more than one year, or by both such fine
and imprisonment.
WEST VIRGINIA.
CODE OF 1899.
APPENDIX-PAGE 1047.-Intimidation of mine workers, etc.
SECTION 14. * * * N or ·shaU any person or persons or combination of persons by
force, threats, menace or intimidation of any kind, prevent or attempt to prevent
from working in or about any mine, any person or persons who have the lawful right
to work in or about the same, and who desire so to work; but this provision shall not
be so construed as to prevent any two or more persons from associating themselves
together under the name of Knights of Labor, or any other name they may desire,
for any lawful purpose, or from using moral suasion or lawful argument, to induce
any one not to work on and about any mine.
WISCONSIN.
ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1898.
Injuring trade, intimidat:ion, etc.
SECTtoN 4466a. Any two or more persons who shall combine, associate, agree,
mutually undertake or concert together for the purpose of willfully or maliciously
injuring another in his reputation, trade, business or profession by any means whatever, or for the purpose of maliciously compelling another to do or perform any act
against his will, or preventing or hindering another from doing or performing any
lawful act sha11 be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not more than one
year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
SEC. 4466b. Any two or more persons, whether members of a partnership or company of stockholders in a corporation, who are employers of labor, who shall combine
or agree to combine for the purpose of preventing any person seeking employment
from obtaining the same, or for the purpose of procuring or causing the discharge of
any employee by threats, promiseft circulating black lists or causing the same to be
circulated, or 1Vho shall , after having discharged any employee, prevent or attempt
to prevent such employee from obtaming employment with any other person, partnership, company or corporation by the means aforesaid, or shall authorize, permit
or allow any of his or their agents to blacklist any discharged employ ee or any employee who has voluntarily left the service of his employer, or circulate a black list
of such employee to prevent his obtaining employment under any other employer,
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or who shall coerce or compel any person to enter into an agreement not to unite
with or become a member of any labor organization as a condition of his securing
employment or continuing therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five
hundred dollars nor less than one hundred dollars, which fin e shall be paid into the
State treasury for the benefit of the school fund. Nothing in this section shall prohibit any employer of labor from giving any other such employer, to whom a discharged employee has applied for employment, or to any bondsman or surety, a
truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge, when requested so to do by such
employee, the person to whom he has applied for employment, or any bondsman or
surety; but it shall be a violation of this section to give such information with the
intent to blacklist, hinder or prevent such employee from obtaining employment;
neither shall anything herein contained prohibit any employer of labor from keeping
for his own information and protection a record showing the habits, character and
competency of his C\mployees and the cause of the discharge or voluntary quitting of
any of them.
SEC. 4466c. Any person who by threats, intimidation, force or coercion of any kind
shall hinder or prevent any other person from engaging in or continuing in any lawful
work or employment, either for himself or as a wageworker, or who shall attempt to
so hinder or prevent shall be punish ed by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or
by imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or by both fine and
imprisonment in the discretion of the court.
These sections are declaratory of the common law, and wholly condemn all conspiracies to injure or
oppress, or to interfere with the rights of others. '!'heir efficiency is in no degree impaired by any statutory recognition of the right of organization for the purpose of promoting the welfare of labor. 60 Fed.
Rep. 803.
For the business agent of a labor organization to say to nonunion men employed on a building ''You
can not build this building. I will fight it if it t akes all summer, and if your city will not protect us
we will get the militia," constitutes an offense under this section. 76 N. W. Rep. 594.
Employing bodies of armed men.
SECTION 4575b. Any person who, for himself or as agent or officer of any firm, joint
stock company or corporation, shall use or employ or aid or assist in employing any
body of armed men to act as militiamen, policemen or peace officers for the protection
of persons or property or for the suppression of strikes, whether such armed men be
employees of detect ive agencies, so called, or otherwise, they not being authorized
by the laws of this State to act in such capacity, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the State prison not less than one
year nor more than three years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
UNITED STATES.
COMPILED STATUTES OF 1901.
Obstructing the mail. ,
SECTIO}T 3995. Any person who shall knowingly or willfully obstruct or retard the
passage of the mail, or any carriage, horse, driver, or carrier carrying the same, shall,
for every such offense, be punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.
This section applies only to acts performed with the intention of obstructing, and not to acts in
themselves lawful from which delay unavoidably follows. 7 Wall. 482.
This section applies to the unlawful stopping of a railway mail train, although those guilty are willing
to permit the movement of the mail car detached from the passenger cars of the train. 13 Phil. Rep. 476.
Also to the stopping of a train by discharged railway laborers although their primary intention may
not be to obstruct the mail but to obtain a return passage. 19 Fed. Rep. 42.
Where the transportation of mails and interstate commerce has long been interrupted by the refusal
of the employees of the railway company to move trains carrying certain cars, it is the duty of the
company to use every effort to move the mails and interstate commerce, without regard to the make-up
of regular trains; and any failure to perform this duty is a violation of this statute. 62 F ed. R ep . 840.
If a mail train which carries a Pullman car as a part of its regular make-up is delayed because it carries
such car, it is no defense that the parties so delaying it were willing that the mail should proceed if the
Pullman car were left behind. It is not necessary that defendants should be shown to have had knowledge that the mails were on board a train which they have detained and disabled. They are chargeable
with an intent to do whatever is the reasonable and natural consequence of their acts. 67 Fed. Rep. 698.
Antitrust act.
(Page 3200.)
SECTION 1. Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign
nations, is hereby declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any such
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contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy, shall be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding
five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said
punishments, in the discretion of the court.
SEC. 2. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine
or conspire with any other person or persons, to monOJ?Olize any part of the trade or
commerce among the several States, or with foreign nat10ns, shall be deemed ~uilty of
a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding
five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one y ear, or by both said
punishments, in the discretion of the court.
SEC. 3. Every contract, combination in form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in
restraint of trade or commerce in any Territory of the United States or of the District
of Columbia, or in restraint of trade or commerce b etween any such T erritory and
another, or between any such T erri.-tory or Territories and any State or States or the
District of Columbia, or with foreign nations, or between the District of Columbia and
any State or States or foreign nations, is h ereby d eclared illegal. Every p erson who
shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy, shall
b e deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by
a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year,
or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court.
SEc. 4. The several circuit courts of the United States are hereby invested with
jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of this act; and it shall be the duty of
the several district attorneys of the United States, in their resp ective districts, under
the direction of the Attorney-General, to institute proceedings in equity to prevent
and restrain such violations. Such proceedings may be by way of petition setting
forth the case and praying that such violation shall be enjoined or otherwise prohibited.
When the parties complained of shall have been duly notified of such petition the
court shall proceed, as soon as may be, to the hearing and determination of the case;
and pending such petition and before final decree, the court may at any time make
such temporary restraining order or prohibition as shall be deemed just in the premises.
SEc. 5. Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under
section four of this act may be pending, that the ends of justice require that other
parties should be brought b efore the court, the court may cause them to be summoned,
whether they reside in the district in which the court is h eld or not; and subpamas
to that end may be served in any district by the marshal thereof.
SEc. 6. Any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant
to any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof) mentioned in section one of this act,
and b eing in the course of transportation from one State to another, or to a foreign
country, shall be forfeited to the United States, and may be seized and condemned by
like proceedings as those provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure, and condemnatioI}.
of property imported into the United States contrary to law.
SEC. 7. Any person who shall be injured in his business or property by any other
person or corporation by reason of anything forbidden or declared to be unlawful by
this act, may sue therefor in any circuit court of the United States in the district in
which the defendant resides or·is found, without respect to the amount in controversy,
and shall r ecov er threefold the damages by him sustained, and the costs of suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee.
SEC. 8. That the word "person," or "persons," wherever used in this act shall be
deemed to include corporations ·and associations existing under or authorized by the
laws of either the United States, the laws of any of the Territories, the laws of any
State, or the laws of any foreign country.
This act applies to combinations of laborers as well as of capitalists. The fact that a combination
of men is in its origin and general purposes innocent and lawful is no ground of defense when the combination is turned to the unlawful purpose of restraining interstate and foreign co=ercc. A combination to secure or compel the employment of none but union m en becomes a combination in restraint
of interstate commerce within the meaning of this act, when, in order to gain its ends, it seeks to enforce
and d oes enforce, by violence and intimidation, a discontinuance of labor in all departments of business,
including the transportation of goods from State to State, and to and from foreign nations. 54 Fed.
Rep. 994.
A rule of a labor organization which forbids its members to handle the cars of a railroa d against
which the organization has a grievance until such grievance has been adjusted is violative of section 1
of this act as being in restraint of trade or commerce. 55 Fed. R ep. 149.
Under section 5, an inj ction order may provide that it shall be in force on defendants not named
in the bill, but who are within the terms of the order where it also provides that it is operative on all
person s acting in concert with the designated defendants, though not named in the writ, after the
commission of some act by them in furtherance of the conspiracy against which the order is directed,
and service of the writ on them. 62 Fed. R ep. 801.
The provision for forfeiture in section 6 of this act does not imply that only cases in which property
shall be found subject to forfeiture shall be deemed within the scope of the act. 'fhe power given to
circuit courts" to prevent and restrain .violations'' of the act, is not an invasion of the right of trial by
jury, as the jurisdiction so given by equity will be deemed to be limited to such cases only as are of
equitable cognizance. 64 Fed. R ep. 724.
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Interference with employment-Blacklisting.
(Page 3205.)
SECTIO 1. The provisions of this act shall apply to any common carrier or carriers
and their officers, a~ents, and employees, except masters of v essels and seamen, as
de.fined in section torty-six hundred and twelve, Revised Statutes of the United
States, engaged in the transportation of passengers or property wholly by railroad,
or partly by railroad and partly by water, for a continuous carria.ise or shipment, from
one State or T erritory of the United States, or the District of Columbia, to any other
State or T erritory of the United States, or the District of Columbia, or from any place
in the United States to an adjacent foreign country, or from any place in the nited
States through a foreign country to any other place in the United Stat.es. The t erm
"railroad" as used in this act shall include all bridges and ferries used or operated
in connection with any railroad, and also all the road in use by any corporation
operating a railroad, whether owned or operated under a contract, agreement, or l ease;
and the term "transportation" shall include all instrumentalities of shipment or
carriage. The term ' employees" as used in this act shall include all p ersons actually engaged in any capacity in train operation or train service of any description, and
notwithstanding that the cars upon or in which they are employed may be h eld and
operated by the carrier under lease or other contract: Provided, however, That this
act shall not be held to ap~ly to employees of street railroads and shall apply only
to employees engaged in railroad train service. In every such case the carrier shall
be responsible for the acts and defaults of such employees in the same manner and
to the same extent as if said cars were owned by it and said employees directly employed by it, and any provisions to the contrary of any such lease or other contract
shall be binding only as between the parties thereto and shall not affect the obligations of said carrier either to the public or to the private parties concerned.
SEC. 8. In every incorporation under th~ provisions of chapter five hundred and
sixty-seven of the United States Statutes of eighteen hundred and eighty-five and
eighteen hundred and eighty-six [relating to national trade unions] it must be provided in the articles of incorporation and in the constitution, rules, and by-laws that
a member shall cease to be such by participating in or by instigating force or violence
against persons or property during strikes, lockouts, or boycotts, or by seeking to
prevent others from working through violence, threats, or intimidation. Members of
such incorporation shall not be personally liable for the acts, debts, or obligations of
the corporations, nor shall such corporations be liable for the acts of members or others
in violation of law; and such c·o rporations may appear by designated representatives
b efore the board created by this act, or in any suits or proceedings for or against such
corporations or their members in any of the Federal courts.
SEC. 10. Any employer subject to the provisions of this act and any officer, a~ent,
or receiver of such employer who * * * shall, after having discharge<1 an
employee, attempt or conspire to prevent such employee from obtaining employment,
or who shall, after the quitting of an employee, attempt or conspire to prevent such
employee from obtaining employment, is hereby declared to be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof in any court of the United States of competent
jurisdiction in the district in which such offense was committed, shall be punished
for each offense bv a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not more than one
thousand dollars. •
THE COMMON LAW.
STRIKES.
By the term "strike" is commonly understood a concerted and
simultaneous quitting of work by employees to influence the action
of the employer in respect of some disputed matter, usually affecting
the conditions of employment. A lockout, on the other hand, is the
simultaneous discharge of all or a group of employees, or a refusal of
the employer to permit them to labor because of such dispute.
In some early cases it was held that any concerted agreement to
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raise wages amounted to a criminal conspiracy, for participation in
which the parties might be indicted. (R. v. Mawbey, 6 T. R. 628.)
As construed in this country at the present time the common law
does not condemn the strike. "The right to strike for any cause or
no cause is learly and fully sustained by all authority. Even a conspiracy to strike, followed by legal damage, is not unlawful if formed
to better labor conditions." (Allis-Chalmers Co. v . Iron Molders'
Union No. 125, 150 Fed. 155.)
An agreement among strikers to take peaceable means to induce
others to join the union and strike, or to remain away from the works
of the employer until he yields to the demands of the strikers, is not
a conspiracy; nor is the carrying out of such a purpose by peaceable
persuasion and without violence or intimidation unlawful. (Karges
Furniture Co. v . Amalgamated Woodworkers' Local Union, 165 Ind.
421; 7 5 N. E. 877; Union Pac. Ry. Co. v. Ruef, 120 Fed. 102.)
PICKETING.
Peaceable picketing, or the placing of watchers about the works
and on the a pp roaches to them for the purpose of gaining information
and of informing prospective employees as to existing conditions, or of
persuading workmen willing to be approached to refrain from working,
has been held to violate no tenet of the common law. (Fletcher Co. v.
Int. Assn. of Machinists, 55 Atl. 1077; Pope Motor Car Co. v. Keegan,
150 Fed. 148; Allis-Chalmers Co. v. Iron Molders' Union, supra.)
In the case last named, however, it was said that peaceful picketing,
while theoretically possible and entirely lawful, "is very much of an
illusion; " and all forms of picketing are discountenanced in some
cases on the ground of its tendency to bring undue pressure to bear
on third parties, thus producing a sort of coercion or intimidation.
(Otis Steel Co. (Limited) v. L ocal Union of Iron Molders No. 218, 110
Fed. 698; Beck v . Teamsters' Union, 118 Mich. 497, 77 N. W. 13;
Vegelalm v . Guntner, 167 Mass. 92, 44 N. E. 1077, etc.) _
The idea at the bottom of all such meas.1res is that of compelling
the employer to treat with his former employees now on strike and
reinstate them in their positions on the desired conditions. This
implies a sort of surviving claim on the positions vacated, a view
that is expressly or impliedly condemned in a number of cases.
(Union Pac. Ry. Co. v. Ruef, supra; N. Y. , L. E. & W.R. R. Co. v.
Wenger, 17 Weekly Law Bul. 306; People v . Wilzig: 4 N. Y. Crim.
Rep. 403; Pope Motor Car Co. v. Keegan, supra; Crump v. Com., 84
Va. 927, 6 S. E. 620.) The places vacated are to be freely open to
any one who may choose to accept them, and any interference
by violence, intimidation, or threats with the constitutional right
of another to labor when, where, and on what terms he pleases is
illegal. (lb.)
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CHAPTER :v,-LAW RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
957 .
BOYCOTTS.
The boycott is frequently resorted to as a means of enforcing strike
demands. It may be defined as a confederation of persons for the
purpose of injuring the business of another by preventing third
parties from having dealings with him through fear of incurring the
displeasure and hostility of the confederates. The boycott is directed
not only at the person against whom the strikers had a grievance in
the first instan~e, but against all who patronize him, with the intention of coercing him at the peril of financial ruin and social ostracism
to comply with the requirements of the strikers. (Purvis v. Local
No. 500, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 63 Atl. 585;
Beck v. Teamsters' Union, 77 _N. W. 13; Barr v. Essex Trades Council,
53 N. J. Eq. 101, 30 Atl. 881.) Its legality h_
as been denied in strong
terms by some courts. (Brace Bros. v. Evans, 3 Ry. & Corp. L. J. 561;
Thomas v. Cin., . 0. & T. P. Ry. Co., 62 Fed. 803; Casey v. Cin. Typ.
Union, 45 Fed. 135.) In the last-named case it was said that "No
case has been cited where, upon a proper showing of facts, an unsuccessful appeal has been made to a court of chancery to restrain a
boycott;" and in a recent case the boycott is defined as "an illegal
conspiracy in restraint of trade." (Walsh v. Assn. of Master
Plumbers of St. Louis, 71 S. W. 455.) The restraint is illegal even
though there be no threats or acts of violence and the withholding of
trade be done only by members of an association, if there is actual
coercion and intimidation, and even though such coercion is only the
danger of incurring a fine imposed by a by-law of the association.
(Martell v. White, 69 N. E. 1085.) In Longshore Printing Co. v.
Howell (26 Ore. 527, 38 P ac. 547) and Bohn Mfg. Co. v. Hollis (54
Minn. 223, 5.5 N. W. 1119), however, the boycott in itself was not
condemned as illegal.
BLACK LIST.
Closely allied to the boycott, and often used as a part of its machinery is the black list, which is a list of persons who are "marked out for
special avoidance, antagonism, or enmity on the part of those who
prepare the list." (Mattison v. L. S. and M. S. Ry. Co., 3 Ohio Dec.
526.) A more common term among labor organizations is that of
"unfair list," which includes the names of persons and firms from
whom trade and intercourse are to be withheld. In such cases the
legality or illegality of the maintenance and distribution of the "unfair
list" would follow the conclusions of the courts as to the boycott of
which it was an incident. As to the use of the black list by employers
to prevent workmen from obtaining employment at other establishments with which the former employer is in association of some sort,
it may be noted that a number of States forbid such action by statute.
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958
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
A mere exchange of information, leaving each employer free to act
according to his own judgment in the case is not, in the absence of a
statute, illegal. (Willis v. Muscogee Mfg. Co., 48 S. E. 177; Boyer v.
Western Union Tel. Co., 124 Fed. 246; Wabash R.R. Co. v. Young,
69 N. E. 1003.) Perversion of facts would give _a right of action,
however, as would any wrongful and malicious interference by a
third person with contract relations existing between others, causing
a breach thereof. (Willis v. Muscogee Mfg. Co., supra; Joyce v.
G. N. Ry: Co., 110 N. W. 975.) The question was raised by the court
in the latter case, though not answered, whether at common law such
wrongful interference for the purpose of preventing the formation of
contracts was not equally actionable, and May v. Wood (172 Mass.
14, 51 N. E. 191), Graham v. Ry. Co. (47.La. Ann. 214, 16 South. 806),
etc., were cited as favoring that view.
LOCKOUTS.
As to the lockout, but little need be said. The right of the employer
to discharge any or all of his employees who have no contract with
him, or to refuse to employ any person or class of persons, rests on
. exactly the same footing as does the right of such employees to leave
him or to refuse to work for him; it may be done for any reason or no
reason, and no redress at law or equity exists. (U. P. Ry. Co. v. Ruef,
supra; State v. Kreutzberg, 90 N. W. 1098.) If a number of employers agree among themselves to refuse employment to designated
persons or classes of persons, their action would be subject to review
only to the extent indicated in the discussion of the black list, just
above.
INJUNCTIONS.
Redress for mjuries resulting from boycotting may be sought in an
action for damages (Boutwell v. Marr, 42 Atl. 607; Martell v. White,
supra); and money paid on demand of a labor organization to prevent
a threatened strike is recoverable in an action on the case. (Carew v.
Rutherford, 106 Mass. 1; March v. Bricklayers' and Plasterers' Union
No. 1, 63 Atl. 291.) But inasmuch as the participants in a strike are
generally numerous and are often not able to meet a judgment for
damages if it should be secured against them, whether as individuals
or as a union, cases of damage suits are not numerous. More common
are proceedings in equity to procure injunctions to restrain picketing,
boycotting, the distribution of "unfair lists" and other forms of coercion, intimidation, or interference with employment or business.
A preliminary or interlocutory decree may be issued at the instance
of one party, who must show not merely possible or probable danger
of interference, but that the injury is either already occasioned and
will continue unless enjoined, or that it is ·so imminent as to warrant
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CHAPTER V.-LA. W RELATING TO STRIKES, BOYCOTTS, ETC.
959
the intervention of the court. Other facts to be shown are the
irresponsibility, from a :financial standpoint, of the parties against
whom the injunction is sought; their numbers, making suits at law
numerous _and burdensome; and the preponderance of the threatened loss of the complainant over the inconvenience to the respondents which would follow the issue of the writ; though not all of
these would be required in a single instance. (My Maryland Lodge,
No. 186, Int. Ass'n of Machinists v. Adt, 59 Atl. 721; Sherry v. Perkins, 147 Mass. 212, 17 . E . 307; Coeur d'Alene Consol. and Min.
Co. v. Miners' Union, 51 Fed. 260; In re Debs, 158 U. S. 564, 15 Sup.
Ct. 900; Dudley v . Hurst, 67 Md. 44, 8 Atl. 901; Brace Bros. v.
Evans, supra, etc.)
The only force of an injunction is to maintain present conditions,
and it has no power to procure the restoration of conditions already
changed. Hence no injunction will issue relating exclusively to acts
already committed. Neither will they issue to restrain the commission
of criminal acts, unless such acts i~volve injuries to property or
property rights for which the law does not afford redress. Where
such injuries are threatened, however, an injunction will issue, even
though the prohibited acts would be punishable as criminal. (Sherry
v. Perkins, supra.)
•
In its use in labor disputes the injunction is in general restrictive
or prohibitory rather than mandatory. Thus while a railroad company may be ordered by a mandatory injunction to afford equal
faciljties for all freight offered it, its employees can not, by a similar
injunction, be compelled to remain in its service. (Toledo, A. A. &
-N. M. Ry. Co. v. Pennsylvania Co., 54 Fed. 730.) Though if a workman remains with a railroad under the circumstances indicated, he
will be liable for contempt if he refuses personally, after notice had,
to carry out the provisions of the injunction. (In re Lenn n·, 166
U . S. 548, 17 Sup. Ct. 658.)
Where there is no adequate proof of intimidation or impending
danger no writ will be granted, nor will mere persuasion and the
offer of transportation from the locality where the strike is in progress, or the payment of strike benefits to those who will abandon
their employment and join the union, call for the issue of an injunction, provided no coercion or intimidation is attempted. (Johnston
Harvester Co. v. Meinhardt, 60 How. Pr. 168; Everett Waddy Co. v.
Richmond Typ. Union No. 90, 53 S. E. 273; Rogers v. Evarts, 17 N. Y.
Supp . 264.) Actual violence is not necessary, however, to ground a
successful complaint. The numbers of the striking employees, their
positions, attitudes, looks, ridicule, threats, etc., 1-p.ay produce intimidation and coercion, against which an injunction will issue. (Barr v.,
Essex Trades Council, supra; Jordahl v. Hayda, 82 Pac. 1079.)
Free use of streets, free access to works, and freedom from insulting
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960
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR.
or otherwise objectionable treatment, both at home and in public
places, are among the rights of every citizen; and an employer's
interest in such rights for his employees is sufficient to support a
complaint from him and the securing of an injunction on a proper
showing of facts. (American Steel and Wire Co. v. Wire Dr11wers',
etc., Union, 90 Fed. 608; In re Debs, supra; Jersey City Printing
Co. v. Cassidy, 53 Atl. 230.) In genernJ it may be said that what
acts will warrant the interference of a court of equity will be determined by the attendant circumstances of each case rather than by
any general rule; and in deciding the matter, the courts will consider the spirit and intent, and not merely the form and letter of the
act or word. (Coeur d'Alene, etc., Co. v. Miners' Union, supra.)
Labor organizations may be named as parties to proceedings for
an injunction, whether incorporated or not. (Loewe v. California St.
Fed. of Labor, 139 Fed. 71; Purvis v. Local, No. 500, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, supra; American Steel and Wire Co.
v. Wire Drawers', etc., Union, supra.) They may also be assessed for
damages resulting from acts of members done under the directions
or by the approval and consent of the union (Purvis v. Local, etc.,
supra; Parker ~- Bricklayers' Union, 21 0. L. B. 223; Patch Mfg. Co.
v. Protection Lodge, No. 215, Int. Ass'n of Machinists, 60 Atl. 74),
and may be fined for contempt of court, where injunctions prohibiting certain acts have been violated. (Chicago Typ. v. Franklin
Union No. 4, 36 Legal News 18; Franklin Union No. 4 v. People,
77 N. E. 176.) A late case holds, however, that, in the absence of
statute, neither fines nor damages can be assessed against an unincorporated labor organization, though it may be properly named in.an injunction. (Allis-Chalmers Co. v. Iron Molders' Union No. 125,
supra.)
,
•
As to the binding effect of an injunction upon individual strikers
and their liability both for damages and in contempt · proceedings
there is no dispute. Nor is it necessary to name as respondents all
persons who may be subsequently held to be in contempt for a violation of the provisions of a decree, since all persons who have notice
of its being issued and of its contents will be held to be bound by it.
(In re Lennon, supra.)
The above is a statement in brief of what may_ be considered the
principal points of the common law applicable -to strikes and their
related labor difficulties. Not all of these can be looked ·u pon •as
definitely settled, since diverse rulings are to be found on some of
the points discussed, and the courts differ considerably in the application of these rather general principles to individual cases; but this
summary is believed to be in accord with the general trend of the
decisions of the State and Federal courts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
INDEX.
A.
Abandonment of locomotives, etc., laws relating to. (See Laws relating to abandonment of
locomotives, etc.)
•
Agricultural implementslockouts for the United States, by indu~tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV ) . .. . ........ . .........
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV ) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('!.'able II ) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI_} . ...... . .... . .... ... ... . .. . ...... ............ ... ...... . .. .....
Agriculturestrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 t o 1905 (Table III) ......... . .. .. ... .. ... ..
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) . ... . . ....... ... .... . ... . ..... .. ................... .. .. . ......
Alabamalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .... . ..................... .... ... ..... ....
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 190/i (Table XVIII)..... ......... . ....
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII ) .................
lock,.m ts for the United States, by States and geographi cal divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
st:f-~Inji:"eacb. State:·b;;yeii:rs"ai{a.'cause'.'3:·i9cii i:o' i905"(i'atiie ixi·: :: ::::::: :: ::::: ::: ::: :
0
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) ............ . ..... . ....
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divii:,fons, 1881 to 1905 (Table V ) .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('fable VIII) ... . ....... . ... ... ... ........... .....
Antitrust act, United States ............... ... . ....... .......... . .......... ....... . ......... ... .
Arbitration of labor disputes, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to arbitration of labor disputes.)
Arbitration, Aettled by, meaning of..... . . ......... . ... .... ..... .. ... .... ....... .... .... . .......
Arbitration, settlem ent by, and by joint agreem ent, 1901 to 1905. (See Strikes and lockouts
settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905.)
Arizonalockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ......... .... .. .. . ....... ....... ... .. ... .. ... . ... . .... .... ... ... . ..... .. . . . . .. .. . ....
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
strikes for each State, by years and indnstries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) . . .. .... ..... .. ........
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical di~sions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for .the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
anrt geographical divisions, 1881 to 19U5 (Table VIII) ..... ...... .. ..... :~... ..... ... .. ... .
Arkansaslaw r elating to strikes, blacklistin g, boycotts, etc. .. .. . .... ................. ........ .......
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ......... ........
l ockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII ) .. . ...... ..... ........ . ................... . .. . .. ...... ..... ...... ......... ...........
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 ('!.'able IX) . .. ......................
strikes for each 8tate, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) ... .. . . .. ... . ..........
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organ izations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..... ....... . .......... . . .. . ........
A.rmed guard., hiring, laws r elating to. (See Laws relating to armed guards, hiring.)
Austria, strikes and lockouts in ........ . ........ . ... . ......... .. ... ... ... .. ... .... .. .. ..........
Automobiles and bicycleslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ... .. ........ . .......
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . . ...... ......
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizatic,ns and not so ordered, by industries, 1 81 to 1905 ('!.'able VI) .... ...... ... ..... . .... .. . ... .... .. .......... .. ...............
Awnings, tents, and sailsstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to l 905 (Table III) ... . ....................
strikes for the 1 nited States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
732, 733
708-711
472,473
424-4~7
486,487
472,473
424-427
486,487
921,922
742
636-639
m:m
120-123
480,481
49?, 493
953,954
110
738, 739
497
124-127
48:>, 481
,192, 493
922
742
636-639
738,739
498
124-131
480,481
492,493
786-811
732,733
472,473
424-427
486,487
472,473
4:24-427
486,487
B.
Bakerylockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ... ... .. . .............
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ....... . ................
strikes for the U ited States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . .... ....... ...
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI ) ..............................................................
309B-07--61
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Page.
961
732,733
708-711
472,473
424-427
486,487
.
962
INDEX.
Belgium, strikes and lockouts in .................................. .. ...............................
Blacklisting, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to blacklisting.)
Blacksmithing and horseshoeinglockou ts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United. States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Boots and shoeslockou ts for the United States, by industries, 1881t01905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, l\!01 to 1905 ( Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
stl'ikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
tries-, 1881 to 1905• (Table VI) ..............................................................
Boycotting, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to boycotting.)
Brass and brass goodslockou ts for the United States, by irndustries, 1881t019l15 (Table XV) ......................
l0ckouts for the United States, by industries and years, 190'1. to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
stri.kes for the United States, by iI:1dustries, 1881 to 1905 (1'a:ble HI) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table :rI) ..............
strikes for the United State~, ordered by la,b0r organizations- and not so ordered', by indusl
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................... .. ..............................
Brewing,
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Ta,ble XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by indus-tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
stri-kes for the United States, by industries and yea,rs,, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries, 1881 to-1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
.
Brick and. tilelockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Tr1ble XV) ........... . ..........
lockouts for the United· States:, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for thti United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Ta,ble III) ........................
strikes foJ.1 the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
strikes for the United Sta,tes, ordered by labor orga,nizations·and not so orde'I'ed', by i"ndus•
tr~s, 1881 to 1905 (Table-VI) ..............................................................
' Brooms and brushes,.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the- United States, by indus-tries and years, 1901 to-1905 (Table XIV) ........ •..
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United Sta,tci:;, ordered by labor organizations aud not so orde:r:ed, by indusr
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Ta,ble VI) ...............................................................
Building tradeslockouts for the United Stutes, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for·the Uhited States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
stri-kes for thB- United S-tates, by industJ.lies, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . .. ............
strikes for the- United States, ordered by labor organizations and not s0 ordered, by industries, 1881 to-1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Pa_ge.
812-817
732,733
708-711
472,473
424-427
486,487
732, 733
708-711
472,473
424-427
486", 4&7
732,733
708-711
472,473
42~27
486,487
732, 733
708'--711
472, 473
428-431
466,487
732, 733
708-711
472,473
428-431
486,487
732, 733
708-711
472,473
428-431
486,487
732, 733
708-711
4-72, 473
428-431
486,487
c.
Californialaw relating to stri"kes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ................... ............................. 9221 923
loekouts.for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) .... . : ... ............ 742, 743
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIH) ................... 636""639
loekouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
e·acii..siaie; ·iea;s ·a:;a: calises:
·(1\~i>ie·ix) ::::::::::::::: ::: ::: ::.:: :tlgi
st;fiie~It;
by
i9oi.io ·i9o5
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('l'able I) ........ . ..............
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
..
and geographicaJ divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .................................... " .
Canada, strikes and lockouts in ................................................................
Canning and preservingstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ..........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ........... .. ..
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................................................ : .
Car buildinglockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ........................
loekouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ...........
strikes for the United States, by industries,.1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so otdered, by indus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Carpetslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
stJ.1ikes for-the•United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................
Carriages and wagonslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Taible XV) ......................
lockouts for the- Unite@ States, b-y industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table UI) ........................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
128-139
480,481
492,493
817-819
472,473
428-431
486, 487
732, 733
708-711
472,473
428-431
486,487
732,733
472,473
428-431
486,487
732,733
712-715
472,473
INDE X.
9-63
Car.ria~es and wagons-- Concluded.
Page.
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............. . 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor o.rganizations an.d not so orde.red, by indus. tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table Vl) .................. . ............. . . .... ........................ 486,487
Causes of lockoutsemployees locked out in lockouts due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1881 to 1905-by years ............................................................................... 74, 75, 78
summary of number and per cent of, for the period................................... 77, 79
employees th.rown out of work, number and per cent of, in lockouts due wholly or partly
to each of the 14 causes, summary of, for the period 1881 to 1905................... .. . . . .
f7, 79
establishments involved in lockouts due wholly or part ly to each of the 14 cau es., 1 1 to
1905--
•
by years . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 73. 78
summa ry of number and per cent of, for the period . .. .... ..... ....... .. .............. 76, 78, 79
lockouts due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1881 to 1905--by years ... ............. . ....... ....... . . ................. . .. ..... . . . ................. . 70,71,78
• summary of number and per cent of, for the period.. . ..... . .. .... ..... . ............ .. 76-78
lockouts for each State, by years and ca.uses, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ... . .... . .. .... ... . 742-762
lockouts for the United States,"by causes, 1881 to 1905 (Table XX) . ..... ... .. ... ........... 772,773
l ockout for the United States, by years and causes, 1881 to 1905 (Table XIX) . . .... . . .. ... 763-771
results, in establishm ents involved, of lockouts due wholly or partly to each of the 14
causes, summary of, for the period 1881 to 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-79
Causes of strikes.... .. .
employees thrown out of work, number and per cent of, in strikes due wholly or partly to
each of the 14 causes, summary of, for the period 1881 to 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 68
establishments, number and per cent of, involved in st.r ikes due wholly or partly to each
of the 14 causes, 1881 to 1905-by years ..... . .... . .. .. ................ . ................................ . ..... .... ..... 58,59,65
summary of, for the period............................................................. 63, 68
re~ults, in establishments involved, of ,:trikes due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes,
summarv of, for the period 1881 to 1905 .................................................. 63, 64, 68
r e •ults of strikes for each cause, by years, 1881 to 1905 (Table XII) ... . . ... ................. 622-635
strikers, number a,nd p.er cent of, in strikes due wholly or partly to each of the H causes,
1881 to 1905-- .
• • •• •
~JJ:!~;; of; ~or· iiie· i>·e;i~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::::: .~<:.°2' ~:; ~i
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................ 496-579
strikes for the United States, by causes, 1881 to 1905 (Table XI) ............................ 614-621
strikes for the United States, by years and causes, 1$81 to 1905 (Table X) .. ... . .... . . ..... . 580-613
strikes, number and per cent of, due\vholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1 81 to 1905-by years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 57, 65, 66
.
summary of, for the period ............................................................ 63, 64, 67
Causes of strikes and of lockouts, classified lists of, and explanation ........................... 112-114
Clothing, men's•
'
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ....................... 732. 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XI"\ ) ...... . ... 712-715
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III ) ....... ... . ........... .. 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able II) .. ...... ... ... 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .... .. ............... . .... . .... . ... . .......................... 486,487
Clothing, women'slockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ........ ... . . ..... . .. . 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) . ... ..... 712-715
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 472, 473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . ...... ........ 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 19Co (Table VI) ........... . .. ................................................ 4 6,487
Coal and coke•
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 732,733
l ockou ts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 712-715
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .... .. . . .. . . ............ 472,473
strikes for the Uni.ted States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries~ 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ................................................... . ........ . . 486,487
Coffins ana undertakers' goodsstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ....................... 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (TA.ble II) . . ..... . ... . .. 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by ~abor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ......... . ..... . ............. . ................... . .... ... ..... 486 , 487
Coloradolaw relating to strikes, blackli ting, boycotts, etc .. . . ................ .. .. .... ..... ......... 923,924
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)..... ........ . .....
743
lockouts for each Stat e, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 640-643
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
st:f"~~Iior eacii Sta.te: by yearii and ·cause·s:"igoi to i~o5·(Tabie "ixY: :: :::: ::::::::::: ::: ::: :tiJ:
0
0
strikes for each State, by years and indu tries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) . . ..... .......... . .. ..
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for th e United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .............................. _.. . .
Conciliation, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to conciliation.)
Confectionerylockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .............. . ... ....
l ockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III ) ........................
strikes for the United State , by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...... ..... ...
strikes fJr the United State , ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ... ... ... .. . ................ . .................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
136-147
4 0, 481
492, 4\13
732, 733
712-715
472,473
432-435
486,487
964
INDEX.
ConnectfoutPage.
law relating to strikeR, blacklisting, boycotts, etc. .. ... . .... ...... ... . . .. ..... .. ...........
924
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ................... 743,744
lockouts for efl,Ch State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) . ................ 64Q-,643
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
sti1i~~Iio~ ·eagh. State; by yea·r·s·anXcau~e~; .i!ioi tc> i9o5· (Ta.bie ixf:::::::::::::::::::::::: l~tl~i
0
0
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ...................... 144-155
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 480,481
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) . ...... .. . .... ......... ....... .... ... 492,493
Conspiracy, laws relating to. (See Laws r elatmg to conspiracy.)
Contract, violation of, endangering life, laws r elating to. (See Laws relating to contract, violation of, endangering life.) - - · •••• - - ···· - ·
Cooperage•
.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ................ . .... 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) . .. . ...... 712-716
strikes fo r the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('l'able UI) ............. ..... . ... . . 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .. ...... .. . . .. 432-435
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI} .... .. .. ........ ... .... ....... .... .......... .. .. .............. 486,487
• •
• • ... ,
. Cotton and woolen goods- . . . . .
lockouts for the United States, by industr ies, 1881 t.o 1905 (Table XV) .... . . . .. . . ... .. .. .. .. 732, 733
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ....... .... ............ . 472,473
, strikes fo r the United ic:ltates, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Tabl e II ) .... ........ . . 436-439
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .......................... . ........................... . ....... 486,487
Cotton goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 732,733
l ockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .... ..... 712-715
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .. . . ... ........... ... ... 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 436-439
strikes for the Un ited States, ordered by labor organizations a nd not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('fable VI) ................................................... .. .. . .. .... 486, 487
Cutlery and edge tools- •
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .... .. .... ....... .. ... 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 712-715
strikes for the United States, by inr\ustries, 18!ll to 1905 (Table III) .......... . . .. .......... 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . . ............ 436-439
strikes fo r the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
D.
Delaware- law r elating to strikes, blacklisting-, boycotts, etc .... ............ . .. .. ....... ... . .......... 924.,925
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
738
by
i9oi· io ·i9o5
' :~
strikes for each State, by years and in dustries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 152-159
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('l'able V). 480,481
strikes fo r the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .......................... . ......... 492,493
Denmark, strikes and lockouts in . .... ... . ... ..... .......... ..... ... ... : ....................... 819-823
Discharge, statement of cause of, lawJ:! relating to. (See Laws relating to discharge, statement
of cause of.)
.
District of Columbialockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ......... ...... ....
744
l,ockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ....... ... ...... . 644-647
lockouts for the United States, by States and gPographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ........................ : . ........ ....... ... . .. .. ................................... . 738, 739
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) .... ...... .. ... .. . ..... .. 606,507
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('fable I) ....... .. .. . . . ......... 1;;6-159
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) . 460, 4~1
strikes for the United Stfl.tes, ordered by labor organizations and not w ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 492,493
Domestic servicelockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ......... . 712-715
strikes fo r the United Stfl.tes, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) . ... ... : ............ .... 472,473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('l'able II) .. .. ........ . . 436-439
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............. ........... .. ..... .. ..... . . . .... ....... ...... .. . 48G, 487
Duration of lockouts, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1 81 to 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-55
st:f~~Ilor cU:cli·siaie; ·yea~s ·aiici ca~ses:
-(~.rab.1e· ixi:::::::::::::::::::::::::
~~ M~~fe~t~i~~i
by years.....................................................................................
Duration of strike or lockout, explanation of. ............................................ _......
Duration of strikes, establishments closed, and average d11ys closed, 1881 to 1905. ..............
by industries. . . ......... .. . ................... ... . . ..................... ..... .. . ...... . .....
by States and geographical di visions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by years...................................... . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
geog~aphicai ci(v{sioO:i::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: t~: 51
~g
49, 50
46, 47
E.
Electric and gas apparatus and supplieslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......... . .... .. ......
lockouts for the United States, by industries and yearR, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .. ... .. . ..
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('l'a.b le III) . . ....... ... ... . .... ... .
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ......... : ...................................... .... ..........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
109
rn-50
17, 48
732, 733
712- 715
472,473
436-439
486,487
,J-
•
INDEX.
Electric light and powerlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('fable XIV) ......... .
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..... ........ .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Employees before strike or lockout, definition of...............................................
965
Page.
732, 733
716--719
472,473
436-439
486,487
110
EmJ?;;;~~r;~~~:~ -~u_t_ i-~ .1.~~~~~~- ~-~~ -~-~~~1-~ -~~ ~~~~1-~ :~. ~~-c_l~ -~~ :~.: :_i_ ~~~~:~• -~~~ _t_~ :~~~ 741 751 78
summary of number and per cent of, for the period........................................ 77, i9
Employees locked out, lockouts, establishments involved, and employees thrown out of work,
1881 to 1905. (See Lockouts, establishments involved, employees locked out, and employees
thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905.)
Employees locked out, sex of, 1887 to 1905. (See Sex.)
Employees thrown out of work by strike or lockout, definition of ..... ........................ 110,111
Employees thrown out of work by strikes and lockouts, sex of, 1881 to 1905. (See Sex.)
Employees thrown out of work in establishments involved in strikes ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905. (See Strikes ordered by labor organizations and not
so ordered, 1881 to 1905.)
•
Employees thrown out of work, lockouts, establishments involved, and employees locked out,
1881 to 1905. (See Lockouts, establishments involved, employees locked out, and employees
thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905.)
Employees thrown out of work, number and per cent of, in lockouts due wholly or partly to
each of the 14 causes, summary of, for the period 1881 to 1905................................ 77, 79
Employees thrown out of work, strikes, establishments involved, and strikers, 1881 to 1905.
(See Strikes, establishments involved, strikers, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to
1905.)
Employment of labor. deception in, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to employment of
labor, deception in.)
Establishment, definition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establishments clo ed, duration of lockouts, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905. (See Duration of lockouts, e3tablii;,hments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905.)
Establishments closed, duration of trikes, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905. (See Duration of strikes, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905.)
Establishments involved in lockouts due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1881 to
109
1905-
by years .................................................................................... 72, 73, 78
summary of number and per r.ent of, for the period .. .... ........ . . ....................... 76, 78, 79
Establishments involved in strikes ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881
to 1905. (See Strikes ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905.)
Establishments involved, lockouts, employees locked out, and employees thrown out of work,
1881 to 1905. (See Lockouts, establishments ir1Yolved, employees locked out, and employees
thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905.)
E tablishments involved, strikes, strikers, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905.
(See Strikes, establishments involved, strikers, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to
1905.)
Establlshments, number and per cent of, involved in strikes due wholly or partly to each of
the 14 causes, 1881 to 1905--
~JJ::;Y•of: fo~ ·ihe·pe~ioa."::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.58 ' ii: ~~
Explanation of tables ........................................................................... 105--118
explanation of separate tables ........................................................... . .. 115--118
t~f~ft~1t/.~~~-t~~~:::::::::::
::: ::::::: ::: :::::::::: :::::::: ::: ::: :: ::: ::: :: ::: :::: ::: :::: 107-i6~
(See Laws rel~ting to extortion .)
Extortion, laws relating to.
F.
Floridalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ..................... . .... ................ 925, 926
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
744
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 644-647
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divi ions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ..................................................................................... 738,739
507-509
160-163
480,481
strik es for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor orgR.nizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Flour mill productslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ... ........ .. ...... .....
strikes for the United States, by indu tries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ....... ......... . .............................................
Foreign countries, strikes and lockouts in. (See Strikes and lockouts in foreign countries.)
Foundry and machine shoplockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('fable XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('fable II) ..............
strikes for tlie United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus-
Franc:i:i~JS:I ~~J1~J;~~~1:~~:
Freight handling and teaminglockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 190E (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('fable XIV) .... ......
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('fable III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
492,493
73'2, 733
472,473
436-439
486,487
732,733
716-719
472,473
440-443
::: :: :: :::::: :::::: ::::: ::: ::::: ::: ::: ::: :: :::::::::: :: :: :::: i~ti~i
732, 733
716-719
472,473
440-443
486,487
966
INDEX.
•
Furnishing goods, men'sloc)rnuts for the U_nited States, b); indus~:des, 1881 to 1905 ~Table XV) ......... . ............
stnkes for the Umted States, by mdustnes, 1881 to 1905 ('I able III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................................ . .................
Furniture and upholsteringlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..... -· .....................................................
Page.
~2, 733
412,473
44.0-443
486,487
732,733
716-719
472,473
44.0-443
486,487
G.
Gasstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ... . ...... . ..... . .. . .... 47.2, 473
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 44.0-443
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
486
Generaltl~~tJ~~ J~l~ftJJ~r. ~~). •. ·. ·. ·. •. ·. •. ·. ·. ·. •. ·. ·. ·. •. ~ ·. ~ ·. ·. ·. •. •. ·. ·. •. •. •. •. ·. ·. ·. ·. •. •. •. •. ·. ·. ·. •. ·. •. •. ·. •. •. ·. •. ·. ·. •. •. •. ·. ·. ·. ·. •. ·.
'
iii
oi::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
m
&:g;~:~~t~i~ecifv1~i~~~~\\~f
Georgialaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc . . ........................... . ............ 926, 9:27
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
744
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1-901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 644-647
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
ixj::::::::: ~:::::: :: ::::: : ii9: m
st~~~Iior.each ·state .. by ·years.S:nii ·causes; i·!ioi to.i905 .(Table
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....... ...............................
Germany, strikes and lockouts in ..............................................................
Glasslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by indu tries and year , 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by i.ndus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Gloves and mittenslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strike!'l for the United States, by industries and years, 19bl to 1.905 (Table II) ...............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1.905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Great Britain, strikes and lockouts in .......... ................................................
164--167
480,481
492, 493
854-863
732, 733
716-719
474,475
440-443
486,487
•
732, 733
716-719
474,475
440-443
486,487
863-893
H.
Hardware.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..... . ............... 732,733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 716-719
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1-901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 444-447
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Harness and saddlery.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .... . ................ 732,733
lockouts for tho United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able XIV) .......... 716-719
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474-, 475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 444-447
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 ( Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Hats and capslockouts for the United States, by indu tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ............ 716-719
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (1'able III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 444-447
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Hosiery and knit goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ............ . ........ 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 716-719
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ......................... 474,475
strikes for the United States, by indu tries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 444-447
strikes for the United States. ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us.•
tries, 1881 to1905 (Table VI)·····························-·-···· · ···········-····:········ 486,487
I.
Idaholaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc.. . ....... .. ... . . . ...... . .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
927
1ig: m
sdfk~;Ilo;·ei~h St~tE;, ·b;; yEiirs·~·~a·~ii~;s·e;,·i!ioi ·toi9Cii>°(TS:tie"ii").: ::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 168-171
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .. 480,481
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIll) ......... . .. . ........ . .. . ........... 492,493
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
967
INDEX,
IllinoisPage.
law relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .......................................... 9'..:!7-929
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII). .. ............ ....
745
lockouts for each State, -b y years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 644-651
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
1
0
each
~~d-causes,-i!ioi
0
stt:e; ior
s"t~{t"e, by y.eara
"to i<J<i (Tabie"ii)":::: :: :: :: : : : : :: : : :: : : ::
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ................... ....
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) ..
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Indianalaw relating to trikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ................ ........ ............. .....
lookouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lookouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .......... . ..... .
lockouts for the united States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
1
0
each State~
0
0
0
ancl °Ca~ses:
0
0
0
ye~·rs·~~-ci ·c~i:i;e;;
ix5:::::: ~:::::::::::::::: ::
st1~~IJo; ·e~cb. State~ by
i"wi t~-i905 "(Table·
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ...................... .
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical di visions, 1881 to 1905 ('l'ablc V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .....................................
Iron and steellockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... .
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1906 (Table Ill) ........................
strikes for the United' States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .......... _................. .. ...............................
Ironwork, ornamentallockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ... . ..................
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table Ill) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('.rable VI) ..............................................................
Italy, strikes and lockouts in ...................................................................
J.
.
Jewelry and silverwarelockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('l'able III) .............. . ...... ...
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indu -
;1;!e~~~1.
0
Joint
s~~~fe11~~!~£~g·oc :: :: :::::::::: :: :: : : : : ::::::: ::: : :::: :: :::::: :: :: :: : : :
Joint agreement, settlement by, and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905. (See Strikes and lockouts
settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905.)
K.
492,493
929-931
746
648-665
m~m
ixj::::::: :: :: ~: :::::::::: :: 184-195
stt1e; lor
by years
i"9iii to"iwf(Table
strikes for each State, by years and i!ldustries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) ...
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .... ........ .. ......................
Indian Territorylockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII}.. ..
. ....
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1 1
XVII) .... .......................................................... "· ..
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) .. . .
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) ..
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1&8'.
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industries. ..... •...
classification of ..................... . .................. . ...... .. .......... •.. .
lockouts for each State, by years and, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. -··· ......
lookouts for the United States, by, 1881 to 1905 ('l'able XV) .................................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for each State, by years and, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....... .... .......................
strikes for the United States, by, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ................. .... .......... . ...
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...... .........
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ....................... ........ .............. . ..... . ........ ..
Interference with employment, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to interference with
employment.)
Intimidation, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to intimidation.)
Introduction and discussion................. . ..................................................
Iowalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .............................. .. ..........
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
0
m~m
168-187
480,481
480,481
492,493
747
652-655
, 493
111
636--707
732-735
708-731
120-423
472-477
424-471
486-489
9-104
931
747
656--659
ir~: m
196--203
480,481
492,493
732, 733
720-723
474,475
444-447
486, 487
732, 733
474,475
444-447
486 , 487
894-903
732, 733
720-723
474,475
444-447
486
'
ffl
Kansaslaw relating to .strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .... ............................... ..... .. 931,932
747
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 ('l'able XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years 'and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ... .... .......... 656-659
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
"968
INDEX.
Kansas-Concluded.
Page.
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
ix°).:::::::::::::::::::::::: m, ~~~
st~{Ifo; ·eiciJ.· state:\;;; yea1=s· aii<i.cause·s: ·iooi to. i905· (Tabie
strikes for ea ch State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) ..
strikes for tlie United StateR, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered , by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Kentuckylaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII ) .......... .. .....
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ............................ . . .... ................................ .. ........ . .... .. .
strikes for each State, b y years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................
strikes for each State, by years a nd industries, 1901 t9 1905 (Table I) .... . ... .. ............
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and n ot so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
2oo'.-207
480,481
492,493
932
748
656-663
738,739
521,522
208-215
480,481
492,493
L.
Labor organizations, strikes ordered b y, and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905. (See Strikes ordered
by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905. )
Laundry work.
loc
States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
. . States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
loc
str
tates, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('fable III) . .. .....................
str
ateR, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
str
L., 1s . ord er ed by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indust
e I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II
Law,
I;.
bla
........... .. . . .. , .. .. .... .. ... . .......... . .... .. ................. . .
.
.
rijt~J~~~~s·::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
lockouts .............................................................. . .. . ................. .
picketing .............. . .................. _, ...... _.............. . .... . .................... .
strikes ......... . ....... . ......... . .... . ... .. .. . ......... . ...................... . ...... . ... .
Laws r ela ting toAbandonment of locomotives, etc.:
Connecticut ...... .. .................... . .. .. ......................... . .... . ......... : . . .
Delaware ................................ . ... . .......................................... .
Illinois .......... ... ............. . .................................... . .. .... .. . ........ .
Kansas ..... . ........ ... ........... . ................................................ : .. . .
Louisiana ............ . ..... . .. . ............. . .... . .... . ........ . .......... ....... ...... .
Maine ......... .. ............ ...... .............. . . ... ...... .... ........................ .
New Jersey ............................................................... . ....... . ..... .
Pennsylvania ......................................................... . .... . ........ . .. .
(See also Laws r elating to strikes of railroad employees.)
Antitrust act:
United States ............................................................................
Arbitration of labor disputes .......................... . ........ .. ...........................
Armed guards, hiring:
Illinois . __ . ......... . . . ..................... . ................. . ......................... .
T ennessee ........................... .. ........ .. ..... . . .... . .. ............. .. .......... .
Wisconsin ....................................................... . ................... . .. .
Blacklisting:
Alabama .............................................................................. . .
Arkansas ................................ .. ................ ... ............. . ........... .
Colorado ............ .. . . .. . ..... . .. . ............ . .. . ....................... . ........... .
Connecticut ........................................................................... .
Florida ............. .... ..... . ................. .. .. .. ........... . .......... ..... .... .. .
Illinoi s ................................... a •••••••••••• • ••• • • •.. . . . •.. . . . . . . . . • . . . • ••..•.
Indiana ............................ ... .... . . ...... ............ .. . . ............. . ....... .
Iowa ...................................... . ...................................... . ..... .
K a nsas ... . .......... ...... ......... . ........... . ........... .... . .. ....... .. ........... . .
Minnesota ...... ...................................... ... ...... . ...... ....... .......... .
li1issouri ...................... . ................... . ....... . ... .. ...... , .. . ............. .
Montana ................. . ...... .. ...... . ....... . ...................................... .
Nevada ........... ... ......... . . . .. .. ................. .... .......... . ... .. ............ . .
North Dakota .. .... . ......... . .. .... ............. . .... .. ............................... .
Oklahoma . ... ...... .... ... ...... .......................... . ........... .... ............ .
Oregon ......... . ..... ... .... . ..... ....... ..... ... .............. . . .. ..... . ..... .... ..... .
Texas ... . ............ ..... . ... .. .. ..................................................... .
732,733
720-723
474,475
448-451
486, 487
957,958
957
958-960
958
956
955,956
924
925
928
!)31
932
933
939
945
953, 9j 4
919-921
929
948
953
922
922
923,924
924
925,926
927
930,931
931
931, 9::l2
935
936
937
938
942
943
943,944
949,950
950,951
951
952
952,953
United States ......... ..... ....... ..... ... . .... .. . . . .. .... . ............................. .
955
(See also La ws relating to interference with employment.)
Boycotting:
Alabama ..................................................................... . ......... .
922
Colorado ............................................................................... . 923,924
Illinois . . ........ .... ... . ............................................................... .
927
India na ........ . . . .... .. .......... .. ............... . .... .. . ... .......... . .. . . . .... ... .. . 929,930
Texas ............................................................................... •···
950
(See also Laws relating to interference with employment.)
Combination, right of. (See Laws relating to conspiracy , labor agreements not.)
Conciliation ...................................... . ......................................... 919-921
~I:ilnia·::: ::: :: :: :: :::: :: :: ::::::::: ::::: :::: :::: :::: :::::::::: :: :::::: :::::: ::: :::::::
~fs~~~!~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
'r
INDEX.
969
Laws relating to-Continued.
Page.
Con piracy against workingmen:
Alabama ............................................................................... .
922
Florida ............. ......... ......... ..................... .. ... .. .......... . ... ... . ... .
925
Georgia ................................................................................ . 92G, 927
Kansas ....................................... .. . ..... .... ......... ... ...... ............ .
931
935
935,936
940
North Dakota ........ ... ............................................ ......... ........ .. .
942
United States .......................................................................... . 953,954
:1;rii?::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
( ee also Laws r elating to interference with employment.)
•
Conspiracy, labor agreements not:
California .............................................................................. .
923
. ....................................... .
..
...................
.
Colorado .................
923
Maryland ........... .................. .......... ..... ................ .......... .. . ..... .
93:t
11Iinnesota ............................................................................. .
935
Montana ............. : ................................................................. .
937
New Jersey ...... ... .... ... ... .... .... ...... .. .... .............. .... ......... ... ... .... .
939
New York ...... ...... .................... ...... ... .. ...... .. .......................... . 940,941
North Dakota ....... ........ . .. ... ..... .. .. ... .... .. .... .. ... ........ ....... . ....... ... .
942
Pennsylvania .......................... ............. .... .... .......................... . . 944-946
Texas . ..................................... ....... ..... ..... .............. ....... ...... .
949
Contract, violation of, endangering life:
I
941
ew York .............................................................................. .
Di charge, statement of cau e of:
Florida .. _.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925, 926
930
Indiana ............................................................................... :.
Kansas .................................................................................. 931,932
937
Montana ................................................................................ •
938
Nevada ................................................................................. •
~fa~J~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::'( ::: !~~
.
(See also Laws relating to blacklisting; employment of labor, d eception in.)
Employment, interference with. (See Laws r elating to interference with employment.)
in:
deception
labor,
of
Employment
fi~~[rr: .: .: ::::.: .: .: :::::::::::::::.: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: H!: ~,
0 gon .. . ......... .............. ... . ...... ... .. ........ .. ... .................. ..........
Tenne ee ......... .. .. ........ ....... .. ........................ . ....... .... .............
Employment, prevention of. (See Laws relating to interference with employment.)
Extortion:
New York...............................................................................
Injunctions, common law relating to ........................... . ........ ..... .............
Interference with employment:
Alabama ............ .... . ........ .... .. .................... : ............................
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware........................................................................... ....
Georgia ..................... .. . ... .. . .......... . . . ...... ... . . . ..... ...... ..... ..........
Idaho .... .... .... .... . . .... ,............................................................
Illinois.......................................... . ............................ . ..........
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky.......................................................................... .....
Loui iana...............................................................................
11finnesota . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire........................................................................
ew Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York .......... ........ .... ........... ............. .... ... ... ..... . ...... . ......... .
orth Dakota ...........................................................................
Pennsylvania ...........................................................................
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah ..................................................................... . ...............
\'\"est Virginia...........................................................................
Wisconsin .................... . : .........................................................
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( ee also Laws relating to blacklisting; boycotting; conspiracy against workingmen;
intimidation.)
Intimidation:
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut.......................................................... . ........... . . . . . . .
Illinois............................................................................. .....
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:Maine............................................................................... ....
111assachu etts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:_::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Si:!~i;::
New Hampshire........................................................................
New· York...............................................................................
North Dakota...........................................................................
Oklahoma.............. .. ...... .. ....................... ..... ... ... ..... ..... ..........
9-14
947,948
9ll
958-960
921,922
922
925
926,927
927
928
931
932
932
934
938
939
9-1.0, 941
941, 942
944-946
947
950,951
952
952, 953
955
921
923, 924
924
928
932
933
934
~~g
935
•
i~i
939
940
942
943
~!~
iLe!J~isiand: ::::: ::::::::::::::::: : ::::: :::::::::::::::: :::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::::::: 946, 947
South Dakota .................. .. ... .. ...... .. ... .... ..... ... .. .. ..... .. . ....... : . . . . . . .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
970
INDEX.
Laws relating to-Concluded.
Intimidation-Concluded.
Page;
ii:~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 948, gti
Vermont................................................................................
951
(See also Laws relating to interference with employment.)
Labor agreements not conspiracy. (See Laws relating to conspiracy, labor agreements
not.)
Locomotives, abandonment of. (See Laws relating to abandonment of locomotives, etc.)
Mail, obstructing:
1
United States ......... .'........... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
953
Mediation . .............................. -- - ....... ··-··. -·· ·· -·· ............................ 919-921
Picketing:
Alabama ......................_...................................... _........ ·- ........ .
922
Colorado ............................................................................... .
923
(See also Laws relating to interference with employment.)
Railroad cars, refusal to move. (See Laws relating to strikes of railroad employees.)
Railroads, obstructing, hindering operation of, etc.:
924
ti!0s;~t:::::::: :: :::::::::::::: :::::::::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(See also Laws
relating to abandonment of locomotives; strikes of railroad employees.)
Steamb<;>3:ts, abandonment of:
Lou1s1ana ...... .... .. .............................................. . .. ... .......... .. -·.
Strike, notice of, in advertisements for labor:
,
~ii
949
932
f11£tgfs~~~ _-_-_-_-_-.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ig~; i~~
~r~~~~~:::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 937, i::
'l'ennessee .................................... : ...................................... . ... 947, 948
Strikes of railroad employees:
Pirl:~~:~·~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: :: 924,925
928
ICansas . .. .. . ... . ...... ....... ....................... ...... . ............. ............. .. .
!)31
ICen.tucky .......... ....... .... . ................ . ... . ............... __ ............... .. . .
:New
f;J;sippf:::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Jersey .................... . .... .. ....... ... ....... ... ......... . .................. . .
932
933
936
939
945
Pennsylvania ..... . ............... ... ...... .......... ... . .............................. .
(See also Laws r elating to abandonment of locomotives; railroads, obstructing, etc.
Strikes, participation in, not to be bar to employment:
Minnesota .. ................ ... ...... . . . ........ ... ........................•............ 934, 935
Threats. (See Laws relating to tntimidation.)
1
V Trade unions. (See Laws relating to conspiracy, labor agreements not.)
Leatherlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ........... .. .... .. . . 732,733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ......... 720-723
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............ . . 448-451
strikes for the United State~, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us-,
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Leather goodsstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table Ill) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and year.s, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 448-451
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us\trit:s, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) . .. ... ............... ."... .. .. .... .............. . .............. 486,487
Lime and cementlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ............ ......... 732,733
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table Ill) .... ... . ... ............ . 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 448-451
strikes for the Unii;ed States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus.
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Lithographing• lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 732,733
lookouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .....•.... 720-723
strikes for the United States, by mdustries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ......... .. .. . 448-451
~
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
1
tries. 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .................................................-............. 4.86, 487
' Lockout, definition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Lockout, general , definition of... ... ... ........................................................
108
Lockouts··- -causes of. (See Causes of lockouts.) •
~due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1881 to 1905- '
t by years ........................................................................... ···-· 70, 71, 78
' summary of number and per cent of, for the period.. .............. ..... ...... .. . ... . .. 76-78
duration of, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905. (See Duration
of lockouts, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905.)
establishments involved, employees locked out, and employees thrown out of work, 1881
to 1905 ................................................................................. 20-24, 28-31
by industries............................................................................ 21, 22
by States and geographical di visions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24
by years .......................................................................•- ·· · · -·· ··· 20, 21
per cent of, by industries................................................................ 28, 29
per cent of, by States and geographical divisions....................................... 30, 31
fol.I each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ............................ 742-762
, for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................... . .. . .. 636-707
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
971
INDEX.
Loekouts-Concluded.
fol' the United States, by causes, 1881 to 1905 (Table XX) ...................................
for the Un!,ted States, by ~udustr~es, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...............................
for the United States, by mdustries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ............ . ......
for the United Stat.e , by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table XVII) .....
for the United States, by years, 1881 to 1905 (Table XVI) .......... . ........................
for the United States, by years and causee, 1881 to 1905 (Table XIX) .......................
law, comm.on, relating to...................................................................
Lockouts and strikes in foreign countries. (See Strikes and lockouts in foreign countrie .)
Lockouts and strikes of less than one day's duration, statistics of, 1901 to 1905 ....... . .........
Loekouts and strikes, results of, 1881 to 1905. (See Results of strikes and lockouts, 1881 to 1905.)
Lockouts and strikes settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905. (See Strikes
and lockouts settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905.)
Louisiana•
law r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 ('fable XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
yea~s
ca;ises,' iooi
Page.
772, 773
732-235
708-,31
738-741
736, 7'&7
763-771
958
101-104
932
748
66o-663
(Tabie"ix)::::: :: :::: ::::::::::::: i~~:
m
212-223
sdfJe~Iloi:' e~h State,· b·y
a~ci
'to i905
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....... . ..............
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divi-.ions, 1 81 to 1906 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
andgeogTaphical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ............. ··~-~········-···----··
Lumber and timber products.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 18131 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1906 ( Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind ustries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................. . ... . .. . .... . .... •. . ..............
480,481
i
492,493
,
1
732,733
720-723
474,475
448-451
•
486, 87
M.
Mail, obstructing, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to mail, o-bstructing.)
Mainelaw r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycatts, etc. . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. ... .. .. .. . .. ..
933
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
749
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................ 660-663
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1S61 to 1905 (Table
i905°t'.ratieYxY::::::::::::::: :: ::::::: 220-227
m: m
st~Je;Ifo; ·e~h Sta·te·, by yea;s· and.ca~ses: 'igoi to'
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
etrikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Marylandlaw r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..... . ....................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ............. . ..
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
0
0
480,481
4.92, 493
93-1
749
664-667
abie i"x:Y: :::::: ::::: :::: ::: ::::: 2'24-231
~~m
0
st;:errlor·oociistate,'by.ye°a:rsand.'causes·,·iooi 'to iws· (T
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .... ___ ........ _......
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisiollil, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered b? labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and g.eographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIID ....................................
Massachusettslaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ..........................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ...................
loekouts for each State, by yea.rs and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ...... . ..........
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
a;; a..
482,483
492. 493
732,733
720-723
474,475
448-451
486, 487"
934
750,751
668-671
ix>::::: :::::::::::::::::::: 244-255
m'...~~~
stlJe;I
State,- by. ye.ars
causes·, .i9oi ~-ioo5 .(Table·
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1906 (Table I) .... _.. _..............
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divi ions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strike for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .....................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
934
749,750
664-667
fraliie "ixf:::::::::::::::::::::::: 232-247
i~J~8
·eacii
st~Je~ior
s·ta·t~i. ·by· ye~;; aii<i. ca~·s·e·s~ 'iooi to i.ooi;
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ................ _......
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .. __ .................................
Mediation, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to mediation.)
Metallic goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .............. . .......
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) _.......................
trikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
:M:ichiganlaw relating to strikes, blackHsting, boycotts, etc. .........................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1906 ('l'able XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
ioi-.each
480,481
492,493
482,483
492,493
972
INDEX.
Millinery goodsPage.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 732,733
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ......................... 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 448-451
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('!'able VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Mining, orelockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ................. ... .. 732, 733
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 720-723
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ......... ... ............ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('l.'able II) ............... 452-455
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industrie!'l, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 486,487
Minnesotalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ................ .... ....................... 934,935
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ................... 751, 752
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 668-671
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('!'able
XVII) ..................................................................................... 738,739
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ............... .. ........ 533-535
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 252-263
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .. 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 492,493
Miscellaneous industries.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 734, 735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 728-731
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 476,477
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .... .. ........ 468-471
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 488,489
Missis ippilaw .relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .......................................... 935,936
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................ 535,536
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ...................... 260-267
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered by la bor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .................................... 492,493
Missourilaw r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
936
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)..................
752
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ....... .......... 6i2-{i75
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
stit:e~Ilo; ·each· State: -i;;; )'e~r·s· aii°d ·ca{1ses: .i!ioi to·] ·9oi .(Tab ie.ix)::::::::::::::::::::::::
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ........................ . ...........
Montanalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ......... : ................................
lockouts for each State, by years and crrnses, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)..................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .......... . .....
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
i~~m
264-275
482,483
492, 493
937,938
752
672-675
sti1iie~Ilo; ·each· State: ·b;;ye~is· ai{a. ·ca{1ses: ·1:goi t<> i.905 (Tabic. ixj:::::::::::::::::::::::: i:: i:~
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) ..
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Musical instrumentslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
Jockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('l.'able XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .........................
strikes for the United States, by indmitries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to1905 (Table VI) •••••••••••• ··;·····························-·-···············
276-283
482,483
492,493
732, 733
720-723
474,475
452-455
486,487
N.
Nebraskalockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
753
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able XIII) ................ 672-675
lockouts for the United St.ates, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
eacl~·
·causes:
.(Table IX).:::::.·:::::::::::::::::: i:~:
sti1l!"slir
State: ·by.yea.rs· ai;d
i.9.o"i to.i905
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ..................... .
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Netherlands, strikes and lockouts in ................ . ..........................................
Nevadalaw relating to strikes, blacklistir.ig, boycotts, etc.. .. .... .......... ..... ...................
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ................... .... .............
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
m
280-283
482,483
492,493
904-913
938
540
284-287
482,483
492,493
•INDEX.
973
New HampshirePage.
law relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ......................... ... .............. 938,939
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
753
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 676-679
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
~VII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738, 739
540,541
284-:291
482,483
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ...... ........ ..........
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('rable I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
New Jerseylaw r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIH) ...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .... ..... ........
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
,
492,493
939
753,754
676-679
XVII) .................. .... ........ . ............................................. ..... .. . 738, 739
541-545
288-303
482,483
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX ) ........................
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
New:M:exicolockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XItr) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('!'able
492,493
754
680-683
XVII) ...................... . ............. . . . ..... ....... ........................ . ..... .. . 738,739 r
strikes for each State, by years and c:auses, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
545
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ...................... 300-303
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered. by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
New {~~k~ographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ................................... . 494,495
law relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .................................... ...... 940,941
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 ('rable XVIII) ................... 754, 755
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ............ ..... 680-687
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('!'able
XVII) ......................... .. ........................................................ . 738,739
546-551
304-323
482,483
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ................... .. ...
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('rable I ) .............. . .......
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
North Atlantic geographical divisionlockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
494,495
"
XVII) ..................................................................................... 740,741
484,485
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
North Carolinalockou ts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIIl) ......... ...... ..
lockouts for tlie United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('l'abl e
--
494,495
755
684-6:37
XVII) ............. . ........ . ................. . ............... ~ ............................ 738,739
stri.kes for each States, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
551
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 320-327
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .................. . ................. 494,495
North Central geographical divisionlockouts for the United States, b] States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
stit:e~Iior .the ·uui.ted ·states,· by sta.tes.anci ·gecig°rii:piii.cai·a.ivi.sioi"is; i"ssi io.i9o5 ·(rrat1·e vi:
m: m
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
•
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .................................. .. 494,495
North Dakotalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc . . . ... ..... . ... .. ........... . ........ . . . . . 941,942
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
st':f-:e~IL ·eaci; State; ·b;;yea~s.ai;ci ·ca~ses: i'iioi io"i905 .(Table· ixi:::::::::::::::::::::::::
738
;m
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able I) .............. ...... .. 324-327
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('!'able V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ......................... . .......... 494, 495
o.
Ohiolockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
756
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able XI!I ) ................. 684-691
l och."'Outs for the United States, by States and g ~ographical divisions, 1881 to 19( 5 ('!'able
XVII) ..................................................................................... 738,739
552-556
324-343
482,483
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) .. ... ..... ..... .... .....
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
494,495
974.
INDEX.
OklahomaPage-.
la.w relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc . .... ...................... .. ... . ........ .
943
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, UlOl to 1905 (Table XVIII) ..... -·. ............
757
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Tat>le XIII) ................. 688-691
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
st;1e~Ii~; ·e~ci; state~ ·by.yea·r"s·aiici ·causes; ·igoi to·igoi;·ci'itie ix>:·.~:::·:.~~·.·.::~::::::::::
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................... . .... . ...........
Oregonlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ............... . .................... .. ....
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVII]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901. to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 188-1 to 1905 (Table
i:: m
340-347
482,483
494,495
943,944
757
688-691
st~iYe~Iior" each ·state; by ·years and·ia;-se·s·, "fooi to 1906. (Tabie "iiY:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~:
m
"strikes for each State.., by years and rndustnes, 1001 to 1905 (Table I) . ..................... 344-351
strikes for the Uniteo States, _b y States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 190.5 (Table V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by Sta.tes
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII} ... . .................. .. . ·........... 494,495
F.
Paperlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 ('l'able XIV) ..........
strikes fo:r; the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ('.Fable III) ........................
strikes for the United S.tates, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...............
strikesfor·tbe United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .......................................... ... .. ... ............
Paper goods•
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes f01; the United States, by industries-, 1881 to 1905 ('1.'ab1e III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..... ........ .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus•
t:ries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ......... -· .......... --- .......................... . .......... .
Pennsylvanialaw r elating to strikes, blacklisth1g, boycotts, etc ..........................................
lockouts for ea<Yh State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ....................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XllI) . ........... ... ..
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (1able
st.tlic~N~; ·~ci:i" St;,t~~ \;;; y~a:-;,.,·~~d -~~~~es: iooi· t~ .i905.(T~bie· ix.:::::::::::::::::::::::::
732,733
720-723
474,475
452-455
486,487
732, 733
720-723
474, 475
452-455
488,489
944-946
757,758
688-695
~~ii
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table f) ............ ........ .... 348-367
strikes for the United States, by States and geograpb.icald1visions, 1881 to 190.S (Table V) .. 482,483
strikes ior the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 19()5. (Table VIII) ..................................... 494,.495
Picketing, laws relating thereto. (See Laws relating to picketing.)
Planing mill products•
•
lockouts fo:r·the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905. (Table XV) ...................... 734,735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ....... .... 720-723
strikes.for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905. (Table III} ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ... . ..... .... .. 452-455
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indu s•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Tab]e VI) ..................................................... ... ...... 488,489
Potterylockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 734,735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) . ......... 724-727
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 452-455
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .. . ................. . ........... ... ...................... ..... 488, 489
Printing and publishin~.
.
.
,. , ... _
lockouts for the Umted States, by mdustnes, 1881 to 1900 (Table XV) ...................... 134, ,SE
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 724-727·
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .................. . ..... 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 452-455
strikes for the United States, ordered by la bor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 488,489
Public workslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ............... .. .. .. . 734,735
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 456-459
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ......................... .,,. ................................. 488,489
R.
Railroad , canal. and road buildingstrikes for the Umted States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the U:iited States, by industries and years, 1'.}01 to 11)05 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered. by indus•
tries, 1881 to 1905 ( Table VI) ............................ . .................................
Railroad transportationlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...... . . .... ..........
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
474,475
456-459
488,489
734, 735
724-727
INDEX.
975
Railroad transportation-Concluded.
Page.
•
strikes for the United States,· by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) . ................... . ... 474,475
strikes fox the- United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Ta.ble- II) .............. 456-459
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) . ............................................................. 488,489
Railroads, obstructing, hindering operation of, etc., laws relating to. (See Laws relating to
railroads, obstructing, hindering operation of, etc.)
Resuluiin establishments involved, of lockouts due whol1y or partly to each o:f the 14 causes,
summary of, for the period 1881 to 190&.................................... .'. ............. 76-79
in establishments involved , of strikes due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, summary of, for the period 1881 to 1905 ................................. ..................... 63,64, 68
of strikes and lockouts, 1881 to 1905............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . ..
79--84
by industries............................................................................ 81, 82
by States and geographical divisions........... .. ... ........ ... ........... . ... . ......... 83, 84
hr.years·····················.···································-························
80
of trikes and lockouts, explanation of ............................ ........... ............ ..
110
of strikes for each cause, by years, 1881 to 1905 (Table XII) ..... ................ . ....... .... 622--<i35
of strikes ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905. ( See Strikes
ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905.)
Rhode Islandlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .. .. _............. .. . . ......... ... ...... _. 9-!6, 947
loe)rnuts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
758
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................ 692--<i95
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) .......................................... ... ................ . ......... .......... .... 738,739
strikes for each State,by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) .......................... 563,564
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) ...................... 364.-371
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905- (Table V). 482,483
strikes for the United States, ord ered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VITI) ............................ . ..... .. 494,495
Rope, twine, and bagginglockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Tabl-e XV) ...................... 734,735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 724.-727
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 456-459
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind u s•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 488,489
Rubber goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 734,735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 724-727
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ....... . ................ 474,476
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 466-459
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) . ... ......... ... ............................................ __ 488,489
s.
~~?E!~~!t}
~;';~~~f~~~~e~eiit' a:~a.· by· a~b.itraiioii·, •iooi •io· i9o5: ••csee •siriies· ana." iocitoii.is
settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905.)
11 15
-
Sex ofemployees locked out, 1887 to-1905 ............................. •. ............................
93-96
by industries............................................................................ -94, 95
by States and geographical divisions...................................................
95, 9G
by years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !'18, 94.
employees thrown out of work by strikes and lockouts, 1881 to 1905........................ 97-100
by industries............................................................................ 98, 99
by States and geographical divisions...................... . ............................
100
by years...... ........................................................... ...... ..........
97
strikers,·1887 to 1905.. ............ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88-93
by industries . .... .... ..................... ............... ....... .... ........ ............ 90, 91
by States and geographical divisions ..... ......... .. . ... ,...... ... ....... .............. 92, 93
89
Shi buirdii;~s ...............•.... _.............................................................
~ockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .......... .... . ... ....
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III ) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and yea.rs, 1901 to 1905 (Table II ) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................................................. :
Silk goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Tab-le XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table Ill ) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..... .. .......
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor wganizations ar.d not so ordered, by ind us•
tri es, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Slaughtering and meat packinglockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905. (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) . .............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by ind us•
tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Smelting and r efi ninglockou'ts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ........ . .
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
734, 735
724-7'27
474,475
456-459
488, 4S9
734, 735
724-727
474,475
456-459
488,489
734, 735
724-727
474,475
460-463
488,489
734, 735
7'2.4-727
474,475
976
INDEX.
.
Smelting and refining-Concluded.
•
Page.
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...... . ....... 460-463
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 488,489
South Atlantic geogr~hical divisionlockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
the
~i;<i
ai~isions;
vj:
st:fi"Ye~Ifoi
·u~i-te·a: ·state;,. by fi~ie~"ieogr°apiiicai·
iss·i to· i9o5. ii'abl·e
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
South Carolina-,
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each Stat~, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States anq. geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) .. .. ........... ... ................................................................. . .
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ...... . ................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not .so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .... . .............................. .
South Central geographical division•
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
st;f-:e~Ifoi ii:i:e ·ui{itect Eitates,-by· siate;;aii"<i.ieog~apii.icai ·ai~isroiis; iti8·i.i~-i9o5 "(iat1e· vi:
m: m
494,495
758
696---699
738, 739
564,565
372-375
482,483
494,495
m:m
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions , 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 494,495
South Dakotalaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc........................ .... ...............
947
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ............................. .... ....................... ..... ........................ 738, 739
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX).........................
565
strikes for each State., by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 372-375
strikes for the Unitea States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) .. 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 494,495
Spain, strikes in ................................................................................. 914-916
Steamboats, abandonment of, laws r elating to. (See Law~ relating to steamboats, abandonment of.)
.
Stone quarrying and cutting•
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... _ 734, 735
•
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 724-727
strikes for the United States, by inilustries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ...................... _. 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 460-463
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 488,489
Stoves and furnaceslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 734, 735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 724-727
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table II[) . ... .................. . . 474,475
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 460-463
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ................................................. ; ............ 488,489
Street railway transportationlockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ..................... 734, 735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ......... 728-731
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ..... ................... 474,475
strikes for the United StateR, by industries and yea!"S, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ............... 460--463
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ........................................................ .... .. 488, 489
Streets and sewers.
lockouts for the United Statee, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .............. . ....... 734,735
lockouts for the United State,:, by ind us tries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 728-731
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 474,475
strikes for the United States, b y industries and years, 190_1 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 460-463
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by indus488 4
Strike:r~~~Jffi~~o
_<::~~!~. ~~)-: ::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
, ~~
Strike, general, d efinition of....................................................................
108
Strike, notice of, in advertisements for labor, laws relating to. (See Laws r elating to strike,
n otice of, in advertisements for labor.)
Strikers in strikes ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1&81 to 1905. ( See Stri kes
ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905. )
Strikers, number and per cent of, in strikes due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes,
1881 to 1905by years ....... _......... _._ ........ . ...... .. __ __ _. __ ..... ......... ...................... 60--62, 66, 67
summary of, for the period................................................................. 64, 68
Strikers, sex of, 1887 to 1905. (See Sex.)
Strikers, strikes, establishments involved, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905.
(See Strikes, establishments involved, strikers, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to
1905.)
Strikesby semimonthly periods, 1901 to 1905..................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~01
causes of. (See Causes of strikes.)
duration of, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905. (See Duration
of strikes, establishments closed, and average days closed, 1881 to 1905.)
establishments involved, strikers, and employees thrown out of work, 1881 to 1905 ... . 15-:L0, 24-27
by industries ....... _...... _................. _........... . .......... .'. ................... 16---18
by States and geographical divisions .... __ ............................................. 18-20
by years .... _.......... _........... __ ...... _......... _.......................... . . . . . . . . 15, 16
per cent of, by industries ........ . ... _.......... _....................................... 24-26
per cent of, by _S tates and geographical divisions .......... ___ .......................... 26, 27
J?~~
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
INDEX,
977
Strikes-Concluded.
/ 4ge.
for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ................................ 496-679
for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1906 (Table I) .............................. 120-423
for the United States, by causes, 1881 to 1906 (Table XI) .................................... 614-621
for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ................................. 472-477
for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1906 (Table II) ...................... 424-471
for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V) ......... 480-485
for the United States, by years, 1881 to 1906 (Table IV) ...... . .............................. 478,479
for the United States, by years and causes, 1881 to 1905 (Table X) . ......................... 580-613
for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries,
1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ......... .. .......................................................... 486-489
for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States and
geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) . ........ ........ . ............. ... ........ 492-495
for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by years, 1881 to
la~~~J~~;:V;!/ating to.".·.·_-_-_-.·_-.·_-_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_- _-_- _- _- _- _- _- _- _- _- _-_-_-_- _- _- _- _- _-_- _- _- _-_- _- _- _- _-_-_- _- _- _- _- _-_-_-_- i:: ::
number and per cent of, due wholly or partly to each of the 14 causes, 1881 to 19050
~t
~JJ:ar:y ·of, for "tiie perioa.·:::::::::::::: ::: ::: ::::::::::: :: :::: ::: :::: ::::: ::: :::::.~~· ~i:
~~
ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, 1881 to 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-46
by industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34
by States and geographical divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 36
by years.................................................................................
32
employees thrown out of work in establishments involved in, by industries........... 43, 44
e~ploy~e~ ~brown out of work in establishments involved in, by States and geographical d1v1s1ons.......................................................................... 45, 46
employees thrown out of work in establishments involved in, by years................
42
establishments involved in, by industries............................................... 33, 34
establishments involved in, by States and geographical divisions...................... 35, 36
establishments involved in, by years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
32
. results of, by industries................................................................. 38, 39
results of, by States and geographical divisions........................................ 40, 41
0
0
~r:NI!~s f;/Uf:J~stries:: :~:::::::::::::::::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: ~~: !l
0
strikers in, by States and geographical divisions.......................................
•strikers in, by years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
results of, for each cause, by years, 1881 to 1905 (Table XII) ...............................
Strikes and lockouts in foreign countries ..................................... .. ................
Austria ................................. .. ..................................................
Belgium ....................................................................................
Canada .....................................................................................
Denmark ...................................................................................
France .. ... ......... ................. ...... ...... ......... ..................................
Germany ...................................................................................
Great Britain .............................................. .-................................
0
~iherlands :: _. _. _. _.::: _. _. _.::: _. _. _.:: _. _.:: _.: _. _. _. _.:: _.: _. _.::: _.::::::::: _.: _.::::::: _. _. _. _.: _. _. _. _.::::::: _.::::
Spain ............. . .........................................................................
Strikes and lockouts of less than one day's duration, statistics of, 1901 to 1905 .................
Strikes and lockouts, r esults of, 1881 to 1905. (See Results of strikes and lockouts, 1881 to 1906.)
Strikes and lockouts settled by joint agreement and by arbitration, 1901 to 1905..............
by industries................................................................................
by States and geographical divisions.......................................................
by years....................................................................................
Strikes of railroad employees, laws relating to. (See Laws relating to strikes of railroad employeei,.)
Strikes, participation in, not to be bar to employment, laws relating to. (See Laws relating
to strikes, participation in, not to be bar to employment.)
45, 46
42
622-635
775-916
786-811
812-817
817-819
819-823
823-853
854-863
863-893
ggtifi
914-916
101-104
84-88
85-87
87, 88
85
T.
Telegraph and telephonelockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1906 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
Tennesseelaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ................................ . .........
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XllI) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
734, 735
728-731
474,476
460-4.63
488,489
947,948
759
696-699
st;~~nor ·e~ch· state: ·by. years· aii<i.causes: ·igoi to. i9ois. {±atie ix·).:::::::::_-::_-_-_-::::::::: i~i~~
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 376-383
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1906 (Table V). 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 494,495
Texas-
law relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .......................................... 948-950
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
759
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XllI) ............... .. 696-699
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII) ............................... : ..................................................... 738,739
568,569
380-391
484, 485
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) ........................
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .................. ... ..
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 18il to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor org_!.1,nizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) .....................................
309B--07--62
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
494,495
978
INDEX.
Tin and sheet metal goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table A'"V) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikesfor the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .. . .....................
strikes for the United States, by industries and year.a, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United Statei,, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ....................................................... . ......
Tobacco : chewing and smokinglockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
strikes for the United States, by mdustries, 1881 to 1905 (Table ~II) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............................... . ..................... . ........
Tobacco: cigars and cigaretteslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ....... .. ...............
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ...... .... ....
strikes for the United States, or~ered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI ) ..................................... ... .... . .................
Trunks and valisesstrikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) .............. . .........
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ........... . . .
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ...... . .. .... . ..... .... .......... . .... .. ..................... .
Typewriters, cash registers, and sewing machineslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) .....................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 ( Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..................... . ... ... . . .............. . . ·-·- ·· ..........
Page;
734, 735
728-731
476,477
464-467
488,489
734, 735
476,477
464-467
488,489
734,735
728-731
476,477
464.-46·"
488,489
476,477
464-467
488,489
734, 735
728-731
476, 477
464-467
488,489
u.
United States law r elating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ................................
Utahlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ............ . .............................
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII ) . . ............................................................................ .' ....
strikes for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table IX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) .......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to ]905 (Table VIII) ....................................
953-955
950,951
760
700-703
738, 739
570
388-391
484,485
494,495
v.
Vermontlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
961
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII ) ...................
760
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 700-703
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
738
st;~~Ilo~ ·each St1ite: ·by yea;s· ind°Calliles: "iooi to· i905°(Ta:tiie ixf. ::: : : :::::: :: :: : :::: :::
'
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ....................... 392-395
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 ('fable V). 484,485
strikes for the United St.ates, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ..................................... 494, 495
Virginialaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc..........................................
951
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
_760
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIlI) ................. 700-703
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
0
1
m
0
ixj::::::: :: :::::: :::::: :: :: i~~: m
0
st;~~ i<>{cach:s'tite:·by yea·rs ail:<i"causes: "1ixii io"i!io5"(i'ii>"1e·
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I ) ....................... 392-399
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....... . ............................. 494,495
0
w.
Washingtonlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc .... . ....................... ____ -···......
952
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)...................
761
Joekouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ................. 700-707
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
ixj::::::::::::::::::: :: :::: m: m
st";f:e~I);;; ·eaci; S~te: by.years"aii"a ·causes: "i9<ii to.i905 "(r;i>ie"
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 ('!'able I) ....................... 400-407
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1005 (Table V). 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor-organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divi!lions, 1881 to 1906 (Table VIII) ........ . ........................... 494,495
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_ (
979
INDEX.
Watches and clocksPage.
lockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ...................... 734, 735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 728-731
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................ 476,477
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..... ........ .. 464-467
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor·organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .......... _................................................... 488, 489
Water transportationloHkouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) . ..... ... ........... _. 734, 735
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) .......... 728-731
strikes fo~ the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III ) ........................ 476,477
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) .............. 464-467
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) .............................................................. 4881 489
Western geographical divisionlockouts for the Uni1ed States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
XVII).· -·········· ...... ...... ......... .. .............................. . .................. 740,741
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical <Uvisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....... ...... ............. .. ......... 494,495
West Virginialaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc. ................ .. .......................
952
lockouts for each State, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
761
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) ... . . ... ... ... .. . 704-707
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
:ixY:::::::::::::::::::::::: l~: m
st;:e~Ifor ·eaci1 State; ·b;; year's" a~a.·ca~se·s; "i!ioi to" iilo5· (rr°abie
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .......................
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Wisconsinlaw relating to strikes, blacklisting, boycotts, etc ..........................................
lockouts for each Sta.te, by years and causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII) ...................
lockouts for each Sta1,e, by years and indu tries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
1
404-411
484,485
494,495
952,953
761, 762
704-707
ixj::::::::::::: :: :::::::::: m~m
st;:e~ for each.Staie; ·by yeii-s.aii"ci."causes: ·19<ii to.i906 .(Table"
strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) ......................
strikes for the United, States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V).
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ....................................
Wooden goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ........ .. ............
lockouts fo:r the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by indu, tries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ..............................................................
•
Woolen goodslockouts for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table XV) ......................
lockouts for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table XIV) ..........
strikes for the United States, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table III) ........................
strikes for the United States, by industries and years, 1901 to 1905 (Table II) ..............
strikes for the United States, ordered· by labor organizations and not so ordered, by industries, 1881 to 1905 (Table VI) ............... . . . ..... ............. .... .............. ........
Wyominglockouts for each State, by years a nd causes, 1901 to 1905 (Table XVIII)....................
lockouts for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table XlII) .................
lockouts for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table
0
ior
1
408-419
484, 485
494,495
734, 735
728-731
476,477
464-467
488,489
734, 735
728-i31
476,477
468-471
488,489
762
704-707
l~: m
st;:e~
e·ach. Staie; ·by.yea~s-aii·ci ·causes; i9oi· to.i!io5 .(Tab.le· ix ).. :::::::::: :::::::::::::
· strikes for each State, by years and industries, 1901 to 1905 (Table I) .... ...... ... ...... .... 420-423
strikes for the United States, by States and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table V). 484,485
strikes for the United States, ordered by labor organizations and not so ordered, by States
and geographical divisions, 1881 to 1905 (Table VIII) ........... . ................ .-....... . 494,495
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0