Full text of 2001 : Text File, USDL 02-625
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Technical information: ( 202) 691-6567 USDL 02-625
http://www.bls.gov/cew/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, November 8, 2002
AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 2001
Average annual pay of employees in the nation's 318 metropolitan areas
increased by 2.4 percent from 2000 to 2001, according to preliminary data
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The
over-the-year gain was smaller than last year's gain of 6.1 percent and was
the lowest increase since 1994. Annual pay in metropolitan areas averaged
$37,897 in 2001, up from $37,017 in 2000.
Average annual pay for the entire nation, metropolitan and nonmetropo-
litan areas combined, was $36,214 in 2001, a 2.5 percent increase from 2000.
(Average Annual Pay by State and Industry, 2001, was issued on September 24,
2002, in USDL 02-540.)
Average annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers
subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering
129.7 million full- and part-time jobs. Average annual pay is computed by
dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by
the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note.) Pay
differences between areas reflect the varying composition of employment by
occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Similarly,
over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in these characteristics, as
well as changes in the level of average pay. Table 1 of this release contains
pay data for Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas within
the United States and Puerto Rico; table 2 includes averages and rankings for
the areas designated as Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See
Technical Note for definitions.) The data for the six metropolitan areas with-
in Puerto Rico are not included in the averages for all metropolitan areas.
Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
San Jose, Calif., retained its position as the metropolitan area with
the highest average annual pay ($65,926), a position it has held since
1997. This area held this position despite experiencing the largest
decline (-13.5 percent) in average annual pay among the 10 metropolitan
areas with decreases in 2001. (See table 1.) Large declines in the
information and manufacturing sectors contributed to this year's sharp
decrease in San Jose. San Francisco, Calif., had the second highest
average annual pay level ($59,761), followed by New York, N.Y. ($58,963),
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, Conn. ($52,177), and
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J. ($49,830). Average pay levels in these
five metropolitan areas ranged from 31 to 74 percent above the average for
all metropolitan areas in the nation. Of the 318 metropolitan areas in the
nation, 34 reported average annual pay levels above the national metropol-
itan pay average of $37,897.
Jacksonville, N.C., had the lowest average annual pay among metropolitan
areas in 2001 ($21,393). The second lowest pay occurred in Brownsville-
Harlingen-San Benito, Texas ($22,146), followed by McAllen-Edinburg-
Mission, Texas ($22,317), Yuma, Ariz. ($22,482), and Myrtle Beach, S.C.
($24,012). While the order of rankings has differed in prior years, these
five metropolitan areas have had the lowest average annual pay since 1996.
(Comparisons exclude areas within Puerto Rico.)
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The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 2000 to 2001
occurred in Lafayette, La. (8.1 percent). The next largest increase occur-
red in Dutchess County, N.Y. (7.4 percent). Four metropolitan areas reported
6.8 percent increases in average annual pay: Enid, Okla., Fresno, Calif.,
Odessa-Midland, Texas, and Pensacola, Fla.
In 2001, 90 metropolitan areas experienced less than average growth in
average annual pay. Of these, 6 metropolitan areas had growth of approxi-
mately 1 percent and 13 metropolitan areas experienced growth of less than
1 percent; 1 metropolitan area reported no change in average annual pay. Two
metropolitan areas reported declines of less than 1 percent in average annual
pay, seven metropolitan areas reported declines of more than 1 percent but
less than 10 percent, and one metropolitan area reported a decline of more
than 10 percent.
Comparison of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
Average annual pay within the nation's nonmetropolitan areas rose by
3.3 percent in 2001, compared with 2.4 percent in metropolitan areas.
This is the first time since 1994 that growth in total nonmetropolitan
average annual pay outpaced that of metropolitan area average annual pay.
(See Technical Note). Average annual pay in nonmetropolitan areas in 2001
was $28,190, up from $27,303 in 2000. In 2001, nonmetropolitan average
annual pay was 26 percent less than metropolitan average annual pay, a
difference of $9,707. This was approximately the same difference as in
2000.
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Average annual pay for the nation's 18 Consolidated Metropolitan Sta-
tistical Areas (CMSAs) rose by 1.8 percent from 2000 to 2001, from $42,641
to $43,424. (See table 2.) This was lower than the previous year's growth
rate of 7.3 percent.
The San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif., consolidated metropolitan
area again had the highest pay level, $54,182. This CMSA has led the
country in average annual pay among CMSAs since 1998. The second highest
pay level was found in New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-
Conn.-Pa. ($51,121), followed by Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton,
Mass.-N.H. ($45,768), Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($44,242),
and Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. ($42,251).
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level
($34,304) of the consolidated metropolitan areas in the nation for the
eighth consecutive year. Cleveland-Akron, Ohio, had the second lowest
($34,945), followed by Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($35,470), Cincinnati-
Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ($35,561), and Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash.
($36,111).
Among the consolidated metropolitan areas, the highest percentage increase
in average annual pay from 2000 to 2001 was in Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-
Md.-Va.-W.Va., at 5.0 percent. The next largest increases were in Houston-
Galveston-Brazoria, Texas (4.4 percent), and Sacramento-Yolo, Calif. (4.1 per-
cent). Three consolidated metropolitan areas reported increases in average
annual pay of 3.0 percent: Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., Milwaukee-Racine, Wis.,
and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.
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San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif., was the only consolidated metropo-
litan area that reported a decline in average annual pay in 2001, falling by
4.2 percent. This was attributed to the decline in average annual pay for
the San Jose, Calif., MSA. The smallest percentage increases occurred in
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. (0.5 percent), Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash.
(0.6 percent), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (0.7 percent), Denver-Boulder-
Greeley, Colo. (1.6 percent), and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton,
Mass.-N.H. (1.7 percent).
Change in Industry Classification Systems
Beginning with the release of data for 2001, publications presenting
data from the Covered Employment and Wages program use the 2002 version of
the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry. NAICS is the
product of a cooperative effort on the part of the statistical agencies of
the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Due to differences in NAICS and SIC
structures, industry data for 2001 are not comparable to the SIC-based data
for earlier years.
NAICS uses a production-oriented approach to categorize economic units.
Units with similar production processes are classified in the same
industry. NAICS focuses on how products and services are created, as
opposed to the SIC focus on what is produced. This approach yields
significantly different industry groupings than those produced by the SIC
approach.
Data users will be able to work with new NAICS industrial groupings
that better reflect the workings of the U.S. economy. For example, a new
industry sector called Information brings together units which turn
information into a commodity with units which distribute that commodity.
Information's major components are publishing, broadcasting, telecommuni-
cations, information services, and data processing. Under the SIC system,
these units were spread across the manufacturing, communications, business
services, and amusement services groups. Another new sector of interest is
Professional and technical services. This sector is comprised of establish-
ments engaged in activities where human capital is the major input.
Users interested in more information about NAICS can access the Bureau
of Labor Statistics Web page at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm and the
U.S. Census Bureau Web site at http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html.
The NAICS 2002 manual is available from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) Web page at http://www.ntis.gov.
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| Average annual pay for 2001 and other data from the Covered |
| Employment and Wages (CEW) program is available on the BLS Web |
| site at http//: www.bls.gov/cew/. |
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Technical Note
These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known
as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are de-
rived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by
unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment
Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a byproduct of the admini-
stration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers
to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered
by UI. Data for 2001 are preliminary and subject to revision. The 2000
data used to calculate the 2000-01 changes for individual metropolitan areas
and consolidated metropolitan areas presented in this release were adjusted
for changes in county classification to make them comparable to data for 2001.
As a result, the adjusted 2000 data differ to some extent from the data avail-
able from the BLS Web site.
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for
federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution
reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly
contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within
a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of
their establishments. Average annual pay data included in this release are
derived from microdata summaries of 8.0 million employer reports of
employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of
residence.
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to
state. In 2001, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 129.7 million
jobs. The estimated 124.8 million workers in these jobs (after adjust-
ment for multiple jobholders) represented 99.7 percent of wage and salary
civilian employment. Multiple jobholder estimates are produced by the
Current Population Survey. Covered workers received $4.695 trillion in
pay, representing 94.8 percent of the wage and salary component of person-
al income and 46.6 percent of the gross domestic product. About 83 percent
of all covered workers were employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of
workers in metropolitan areas comprised approximately 87 percent of all
covered wages in the United States.
Major exclusions from UI coverage during 2001, are self-employed workers,
most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces,
elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic
workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small non-
profit organizations.
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Concepts and methodology
Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of em-
ployees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these em-
ployees. In addition to salaries, average annual pay data include bonuses,
the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities,
and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation
plans, such as 401(k) plans and stock options. Monthly employment is based
on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period
including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of co-
vered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation
officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers
on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included. Percent changes in
average annual pay were computed using preliminary North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS)-based 2000 data as the base. These preliminary
NAICS-based 2000 data will differ from the SIC-based 2000 data previously pub-
lished.
Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time
workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying
occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels among metropolitan
areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay
data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be
employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one
employer. Also, year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result
from a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low-wage jobs,
as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay.
In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify
with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and own-
ership classifications of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes
in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification
process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the
year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting also are intro-
duced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at
more detailed geographic levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier
years.
The combined metropolitan area totals and the consolidated metropoli-
tan areas totals provided in tables 1 and 2, respectively, have not been
adjusted for changes in county classifications or changes in Metropolitan
Statistical Area or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions.
Individual metropolitan areas and consolidated metropolitan areas, however,
have been adjusted for county reclassifications. Historical metropolitan
and nonmetropolitan area data presented in this release have not been ad-
justed for changes in noneconomic county reclassifications or changes in
metropolitan area definitions. Metropolitan area redefinitions can cause
substantial changes in employment and wage data between years. For example,
in 1993, widespread metropolitan area definitions which incorporated the 1990
Census were introduced, resulting in a sharp decline in employment and wages
in nonmetropolitan areas. The all metropolitan area totals increased corre-
spondingly due to these redefinitions. Changes in metropolitan area defini-
tions have a larger impact on over-the-year changes for the all nonmetropo-
litan area totals than the all metropolitan areas. This is because the non-
metropolitan area total is significantly smaller in size than the all metro-
politan area component and is more sensitive to changes in definitions.
- 6 -
The comparison of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area pay growth in
this release reflects recalculations of historical average annual pay. As
a result, pay growth figures in some years differ from earlier releases.
Previously, average annual pay calculations for the all metropolitan area
total and the nonmetropolitan area total may have included adjustments for
changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions and/or county
reclassifications.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas for
use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions, as
needed, each summer. Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria
established by OMB in definitions issued June 30, 1999, (OMB Bulletin No.
99-04). These definitions reflect information obtained from the 1990
Decennial Census and the 1998 U.S. Census Bureau population estimate.
Metropolitan Statistical Area definitions are typically redefined on a
yearly basis. A complete list of metropolitan area definitions is avail-
able from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales,
5205 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161, telephone 1-800-553-6847.
Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a free-
standing urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary Metro-
politan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are freestanding areas within very large
MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer is used
to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum of the
PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The
set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively designated
and referred to as metropolitan areas. Nonmetropolitan areas include
counties which do not fall within defined metropolitan areas. Covered
employment and wage data include establishments classified as foreign
locations, out-of-state locations, and unknown locations in nonmetropolitan
areas.
Current metropolitan area definitions are based on standards published
in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990, (55 FR12154-12160). Under the
1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one of two
ways: (1) if it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or (2) if
it includes a U.S. Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (of at least 50,000
population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000
(75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing the
main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties that
have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and meet
other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are
determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may con-
tain more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines.
An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but also
has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a CMSA if:
(1) separate component areas can be identified within the entire area by meet-
ing specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion indicates there is
support for the component areas. If recognized, the component areas are
designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA. If no PMSAs are recog-
nized, the entire area is an MSA.
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OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in
the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and
towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a
county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas
(NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the
Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives
to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA
for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named
city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities
of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half
its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the
county identified in step 1. The NECMAs are officially defined areas that
are meant to be used by statistical programs that can not, or choose not
to, use the regular metropolitan area definitions in New England. However,
the NECMA definitions do not include official definitions that correspond
to the CMSA concept. Therefore, there are no explicit definitions that
correspond to the Boston CMSA or the New York CMSA.
Table 2 of this news release includes data for the New York CMSA that
includes the New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn. NECMA.
Table 2 also includes the Boston-Brockton-Nashua, Mass.-N.H. NECMA, as that
area serves as a NECMA for the Boston, Mass.-N.H. PMSA and the Boston-
Worchester-Lawrence, Mass.-N.H.-Me.-Conn. CMSA.
Additional statistics and other information
The 2001 news release for average annual pay by state and industry was
issued on September 24, 2002, (USDL 02-540), and employment and average
annual pay for large counties will be issued in late November 2002. An
annual bulletin, Employment and Wages, features comprehensive information
by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the
nation and all states. Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 2001 will be
available for sale in late 2002 from the BLS Publications Sales Center,
P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690.
Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are avail-
able upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor
Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington,
DC 20212, telephone 202-691-6567 (e-mail: CEWInfo@bls.gov). Also available
from BLS is a news release of first quarter 2002 employment and wage data
at the national industry subsector level (USDL 02-591, October 16, 2002).
First quarter 2002 data at the state total level will be available on the
BLS Web site on November 22.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Average annual pay for 2000 and 2001 for all covered workers(1) by metropolitan area
Average annual pay(3) Ranking of
areas by
Metropolitan area(2) level of
Percent average
2000(4) 2001 change, annual pay
2000-01 for 2001
Metropolitan areas(5)............................... $37,017 $37,897 2.4 -
Abilene, TX........................................... 24,486 25,136 2.7 302
Akron, OH............................................. 32,204 32,920 2.2 94
Albany, GA............................................ 27,719 28,881 4.2 203
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY........................... 33,822 35,359 4.5 60
Albuquerque, NM....................................... 30,409 31,658 4.1 123
Alexandria, LA........................................ 24,953 26,290 5.4 275
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA........................ 33,054 33,568 1.6 82
Altoona, PA........................................... 26,311 26,871 2.1 264
Amarillo, TX.......................................... 26,395 27,421 3.9 253
Anchorage, AK......................................... 36,659 37,826 3.2 35
Ann Arbor, MI......................................... 37,455 37,546 0.2 38
Anniston, AL.......................................... 25,270 26,488 4.8 272
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI........................... 31,789 32,661 2.7 99
Asheville, NC......................................... 27,519 28,524 3.7 213
Athens, GA............................................ 27,651 28,955 4.7 200
Atlanta, GA........................................... 39,734 40,535 2.0 25
Atlantic-Cape May, NJ................................. 29,957 31,184 4.1 139
Auburn-Opelika, AL.................................... 24,811 25,748 3.8 288
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................................. 29,700 30,595 3.0 156
Austin-San Marcos, TX................................. 40,998 40,826 -0.4 24
Bakersfield, CA....................................... 28,585 30,120 5.4 167
Baltimore, MD......................................... 35,577 37,493 5.4 39
Bangor, ME............................................ 26,774 27,850 4.0 238
Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA............................... 29,706 31,020 4.4 144
Baton Rouge, LA....................................... 29,292 30,297 3.4 165
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX.............................. 30,708 31,792 3.5 118
Bellingham, WA........................................ 26,292 27,771 5.6 242
Benton Harbor, MI..................................... 30,915 31,167 0.8 140
Bergen-Passaic, NJ.................................... 43,879 44,667 1.8 13
Billings, MT.......................................... 26,763 27,893 4.2 235
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS........................ 27,640 28,343 2.5 219
Binghamton, NY........................................ 30,263 31,207 3.1 138
Birmingham, AL........................................ 33,283 34,518 3.7 70
Bismarck, ND.......................................... 25,819 27,113 5.0 259
Bloomington, IN....................................... 27,397 28,009 2.2 230
Bloomington-Normal, IL................................ 34,254 35,106 2.5 62
Boise City, ID........................................ 32,466 31,615 -2.6 124
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH...... 45,021 45,768 1.7 10
Boulder-Longmont, CO.................................. 45,564 44,313 -2.7 14
Brazoria, TX.......................................... 34,367 35,655 3.7 55
Bremerton, WA......................................... 30,560 31,518 3.1 128
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................. 21,553 22,146 2.8 316
Bryan-College Station, TX............................. 24,615 25,755 4.6 287
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............................. 31,434 32,049 2.0 112
Burlington, VT........................................ 33,105 34,341 3.7 72
Canton-Massillon, OH.................................. 28,358 29,019 2.3 197
Casper, WY............................................ 29,183 28,248 -3.2 223
Cedar Rapids, IA...................................... 34,097 34,672 1.7 67
Champaign-Urbana, IL.................................. 29,183 30,491 4.5 161
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....................... 27,650 28,888 4.5 202
Charleston, WV........................................ 30,116 31,513 4.6 129
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC................... 36,103 37,277 3.3 40
Charlottesville, VA................................... 30,979 32,418 4.6 103
Chattanooga, TN-GA.................................... 29,333 29,962 2.1 169
Cheyenne, WY.......................................... 25,923 27,539 6.2 250
Chicago, IL........................................... 41,527 42,646 2.7 18
Chico-Paradise, CA.................................... 25,152 26,490 5.3 270
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN.................................. 35,052 36,042 2.8 47
Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY....................... 24,967 25,562 2.4 292
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH........................... 34,670 35,513 2.4 56
Colorado Springs, CO.................................. 33,039 34,381 4.1 71
Columbia, MO.......................................... 27,363 28,490 4.1 214
Columbia, SC.......................................... 29,027 29,903 3.0 173
Columbus, GA-AL....................................... 26,980 28,406 5.3 216
Columbus, OH.......................................... 33,918 35,027 3.3 63
Corpus Christi, TX.................................... 28,182 29,358 4.2 186
Corvallis, OR......................................... 35,355 35,499 0.4 58
Cumberland, MD-WV..................................... 24,532 25,504 4.0 295
Dallas, TX............................................ 42,095 42,692 1.4 17
Danville, VA.......................................... 25,168 25,449 1.1 297
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL................... 30,496 31,291 2.6 134
Dayton-Springfield, OH................................ 33,180 33,620 1.3 80
Daytona Beach, FL..................................... 24,927 25,980 4.2 282
Decatur, AL........................................... 29,441 30,882 4.9 146
Decatur, IL........................................... 32,643 33,337 2.1 87
Denver, CO............................................ 41,401 42,348 2.3 20
Des Moines, IA........................................ 33,082 34,303 3.7 74
Detroit, MI........................................... 42,321 42,613 0.7 19
Dothan, AL............................................ 27,258 28,041 2.9 229
Dover, DE............................................. 27,055 27,751 2.6 244
Dubuque, IA........................................... 27,330 28,403 3.9 217
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI................................ 28,254 29,409 4.1 184
Dutchess County, NY................................... 36,065 38,744 7.4 30
Eau Claire, WI........................................ 26,624 27,679 4.0 247
El Paso, TX........................................... 25,070 25,836 3.1 286
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................................... 30,349 30,797 1.5 151
Elmira, NY............................................ 27,658 28,668 3.7 210
Enid, OK.............................................. 23,253 24,836 6.8 304
Erie, PA.............................................. 28,368 29,290 3.3 190
Eugene-Springfield, OR................................ 27,877 28,976 3.9 198
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY........................... 29,932 31,045 3.7 143
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN................................. 27,031 27,890 3.2 236
Fayetteville, NC...................................... 26,112 26,993 3.4 262
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR.................... 28,957 29,909 3.3 172
Flagstaff, AZ-UT...................................... 24,648 25,838 4.8 285
Flint, MI............................................. 36,327 36,030 -0.8 48
Florence, AL.......................................... 25,133 25,648 2.0 290
Florence, SC.......................................... 27,521 28,797 4.6 207
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............................. 32,394 33,249 2.6 90
Fort Lauderdale, FL................................... 33,234 33,964 2.2 77
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL............................. 28,148 29,397 4.4 185
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL........................ 26,994 27,722 2.7 246
Fort Smith, AR-OK..................................... 25,935 26,744 3.1 266
Fort Walton Beach, FL................................. 25,253 26,148 3.5 278
Fort Wayne, IN........................................ 30,863 31,395 1.7 133
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX.............................. 34,588 36,382 5.2 44
Fresno, CA............................................ 25,916 27,666 6.8 248
Gadsden, AL........................................... 25,267 25,728 1.8 289
Gainesville, FL....................................... 26,155 26,915 2.9 263
Galveston-Texas City, TX.............................. 29,522 31,067 5.2 142
Gary, IN.............................................. 31,505 31,948 1.4 114
Glens Falls, NY....................................... 27,422 27,813 1.4 239
Goldsboro, NC......................................... 24,551 25,393 3.4 299
Grand Forks, ND-MN.................................... 24,273 24,955 2.8 303
Grand Junction, CO.................................... 26,226 27,422 4.6 252
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..................... 32,983 33,437 1.4 83
Great Falls, MT....................................... 23,877 24,211 1.4 310
Greeley, CO........................................... 29,276 30,064 2.7 168
Green Bay, WI......................................... 31,538 32,500 3.1 101
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC............. 30,919 31,733 2.6 120
Greenville, NC........................................ 27,716 28,291 2.1 221
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC................... 29,762 30,941 4.0 145
Hagerstown, MD........................................ 28,414 29,022 2.1 196
Hamilton-Middletown, OH............................... 31,502 32,325 2.6 106
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA....................... 32,345 33,408 3.3 84
Hartford, CT.......................................... 42,421 43,882 3.4 15
Hattiesburg, MS....................................... 24,301 25,145 3.5 301
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......................... 26,845 27,343 1.9 255
Honolulu, HI.......................................... 31,874 32,527 2.0 100
Houma, LA............................................. 28,363 (6) (6) (6)
Houston, TX........................................... 40,996 42,782 4.4 16
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH.......................... 26,421 27,462 3.9 251
Huntsville, AL........................................ 35,659 36,709 2.9 43
Indianapolis, IN...................................... 34,906 35,985 3.1 49
Iowa City, IA......................................... 30,206 31,667 4.8 122
Jackson, MI........................................... 31,735 32,459 2.3 102
Jackson, MS........................................... 29,220 29,804 2.0 176
Jackson, TN........................................... 28,671 29,420 2.6 182
Jacksonville, FL...................................... 31,469 32,402 3.0 104
Jacksonville, NC...................................... 21,057 21,393 1.6 317
Jamestown, NY......................................... 25,418 25,920 2.0 284
Janesville-Beloit, WI................................. 31,141 31,479 1.1 132
Jersey City, NJ....................................... 47,429 47,621 0.4 7
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA................. 27,253 28,539 4.7 212
Johnstown, PA......................................... 24,348 25,571 5.0 291
Jonesboro, AR......................................... 25,106 25,340 0.9 300
Joplin, MO............................................ 25,023 26,006 3.9 280
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI............................ 32,059 32,923 2.7 93
Kankakee, IL.......................................... 28,490 29,106 2.2 193
Kansas City, MO-KS.................................... 34,989 35,795 2.3 53
Kenosha, WI........................................... 31,373 31,584 0.7 125
Killeen-Temple, TX.................................... 24,909 26,192 5.2 276
Knoxville, TN......................................... 29,516 30,411 3.0 162
Kokomo, IN............................................ 40,281 39,599 -1.7 29
La Crosse, WI-MN...................................... 26,832 27,777 3.5 241
Lafayette, LA......................................... 27,459 29,690 8.1 178
Lafayette, IN......................................... 30,546 31,481 3.1 131
Lake Charles, LA...................................... 28,226 29,750 5.4 177
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL............................. 27,881 28,803 3.3 206
Lancaster, PA......................................... 30,809 31,486 2.2 130
Lansing-East Lansing, MI.............................. 33,892 34,749 2.5 66
Laredo, TX............................................ 23,563 24,128 2.4 312
Las Cruces, NM........................................ 23,602 24,299 3.0 309
Las Vegas, NV-AZ...................................... 31,647 32,240 1.9 110
Lawrence, KS.......................................... 24,975 25,938 3.9 283
Lawton, OK............................................ 23,844 24,825 4.1 305
Lewiston-Auburn, ME................................... 26,193 27,092 3.4 261
Lexington, KY......................................... 30,389 31,575 3.9 126
Lima, OH.............................................. 28,817 29,644 2.9 180
Lincoln, NE........................................... 28,511 29,353 3.0 187
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR..................... 29,646 30,853 4.1 147
Longview-Marshall, TX................................. 26,700 27,967 4.7 231
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA............................ 39,671 40,907 3.1 22
Louisville, KY-IN..................................... 31,782 33,052 4.0 91
Lubbock, TX........................................... 26,297 26,581 1.1 268
Lynchburg, VA......................................... 27,674 28,857 4.3 204
Macon, GA............................................. 29,521 30,572 3.6 157
Madison, WI........................................... 32,817 34,107 3.9 76
Mansfield, OH......................................... 28,192 28,809 2.2 205
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX.......................... 21,695 22,317 2.9 315
Medford-Ashland, OR................................... 26,568 27,219 2.5 258
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..................... 32,101 32,786 2.1 97
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................................... 33,254 34,575 4.0 68
Merced, CA............................................ 24,842 25,452 2.5 296
Miami, FL............................................. 33,333 34,531 3.6 69
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ...................... 48,987 49,830 1.7 5
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI................................ 34,605 35,670 3.1 54
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........................... 39,521 40,866 3.4 23
Missoula, MT.......................................... 25,292 26,180 3.5 277
Mobile, AL............................................ 27,293 28,120 3.0 226
Modesto, CA........................................... 28,221 29,523 4.6 181
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ.................................... 36,404 37,037 1.7 42
Monroe, LA............................................ 25,731 26,565 3.2 269
Montgomery, AL........................................ 28,148 29,124 3.5 191
Muncie, IN............................................ 28,069 28,376 1.1 218
Myrtle Beach, SC...................................... 22,883 24,012 4.9 313
Naples, FL............................................ 29,962 30,842 2.9 148
Nashville, TN......................................... 33,259 33,909 2.0 79
Nassau-Suffolk, NY.................................... 38,958 39,649 1.8 28
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, CT... 50,596 52,177 3.1 4
New London-Norwich, CT................................ 36,757 38,201 3.9 33
New Orleans, LA....................................... 29,861 31,102 4.2 141
New York, NY.......................................... 57,213 58,963 3.1 3
Newark, NJ............................................ 48,656 47,713 -1.9 6
Newburgh, NY-PA....................................... 28,949 29,833 3.1 175
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC............ 28,292 29,870 5.6 174
Oakland, CA........................................... 44,207 45,944 3.9 9
Ocala, FL............................................. 24,953 25,993 4.2 281
Odessa-Midland, TX.................................... 29,286 31,281 6.8 135
Oklahoma City, OK..................................... 28,292 28,920 2.2 201
Olympia, WA........................................... 31,737 32,766 3.2 98
Omaha, NE-IA.......................................... 31,287 31,846 1.8 117
Orange County, CA..................................... 39,243 40,280 2.6 26
Orlando, FL........................................... 30,178 31,275 3.6 136
Owensboro, KY......................................... 25,914 27,300 5.3 257
Panama City, FL....................................... 25,041 26,431 5.6 273
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH........................... 27,344 27,937 2.2 233
Pensacola, FL......................................... 26,264 28,062 6.8 228
Peoria-Pekin, IL...................................... 32,067 33,290 3.8 89
Philadelphia, PA-NJ................................... 39,226 40,222 2.5 27
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................................... 34,925 35,507 1.7 57
Pine Bluff, AR........................................ 26,399 27,554 4.4 249
Pittsburgh, PA........................................ 33,811 35,021 3.6 65
Pittsfield, MA........................................ 31,134 31,560 1.4 127
Pocatello, ID......................................... 24,023 24,620 2.5 307
Portland, ME.......................................... 30,752 32,327 5.1 105
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA............................. 37,077 37,268 0.5 41
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI...................... 32,421 33,390 3.0 85
Provo-Orem, UT........................................ 27,890 28,275 1.4 222
Pueblo, CO............................................ 25,492 27,098 6.3 260
Punta Gorda, FL....................................... 24,743 25,400 2.7 298
Racine, WI............................................ 32,536 33,314 2.4 88
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC........................ 37,829 38,681 2.3 31
Rapid City, SD........................................ 24,341 25,508 4.8 294
Reading, PA........................................... 32,007 32,810 2.5 95
Redding, CA........................................... 26,969 28,094 4.2 227
Reno, NV.............................................. 32,749 34,230 4.5 75
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......................... 31,545 33,374 5.8 86
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............................... 34,481 35,872 4.0 52
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA.......................... 29,552 30,527 3.3 159
Roanoke, VA........................................... 29,247 30,333 3.7 164
Rochester, MN......................................... 36,106 37,753 4.6 37
Rochester, NY......................................... 33,183 34,334 3.5 73
Rockford, IL.......................................... 31,934 32,097 0.5 111
Rocky Mount, NC....................................... 27,725 28,772 3.8 209
Sacramento, CA........................................ 36,595 38,022 3.9 34
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI.......................... 35,329 35,470 0.4 59
St. Cloud, MN......................................... 27,408 28,247 3.1 224
St. Joseph, MO........................................ 27,176 27,726 2.0 245
St. Louis, MO-IL...................................... 34,909 35,932 2.9 51
Salem, OR............................................. 27,696 28,331 2.3 220
Salinas, CA........................................... 29,973 31,743 5.9 119
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT.............................. 30,970 31,955 3.2 113
San Angelo, TX........................................ 25,376 26,147 3.0 279
San Antonio, TX....................................... 29,549 30,638 3.7 155
San Diego, CA......................................... 37,546 38,424 2.3 32
San Francisco, CA..................................... 59,288 59,761 0.8 2
San Jose, CA.......................................... 76,252 65,926 -13.5 1
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA............ 28,107 29,076 3.4 194
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA.................. 32,568 33,609 3.2 81
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA............................ 35,825 35,023 -2.2 64
Santa Fe, NM.......................................... 29,065 30,670 5.5 154
Santa Rosa, CA........................................ 35,742 36,150 1.1 45
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL................................ 27,155 27,957 3.0 232
Savannah, GA.......................................... 29,267 30,152 3.0 166
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA.................. 27,762 28,639 3.2 211
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA.......................... 45,344 45,326 0.0 12
Sharon, PA............................................ 26,060 26,735 2.6 267
Sheboygan, WI......................................... 30,552 30,840 0.9 149
Sherman-Denison, TX................................... 29,681 30,397 2.4 163
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA........................... 27,133 27,895 2.8 234
Sioux City, IA-NE..................................... 26,201 26,755 2.1 265
Sioux Falls, SD....................................... 27,965 28,961 3.6 199
South Bend, IN........................................ 29,657 30,773 3.8 152
Spokane, WA........................................... 29,768 29,323 -1.5 188
Springfield, IL....................................... 34,563 36,068 4.4 46
Springfield, MO....................................... 26,315 27,344 3.9 254
Springfield, MA....................................... 31,621 32,802 3.7 96
State College, PA..................................... 29,067 29,939 3.0 170
Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV........................... 28,453 28,484 0.1 215
Stockton-Lodi, CA..................................... 29,264 30,816 5.3 150
Sumter, SC............................................ 23,591 24,461 3.7 308
Syracuse, NY.......................................... 31,384 32,277 2.8 108
Tacoma, WA............................................ 29,869 31,255 4.6 137
Tallahassee, FL....................................... 28,681 29,688 3.5 179
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL................... 30,817 31,674 2.8 121
Terre Haute, IN....................................... 26,860 27,328 1.7 256
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR........................... 25,981 26,489 2.0 271
Toledo, OH............................................ 31,613 32,300 2.2 107
Topeka, KS............................................ 29,375 30,503 3.8 160
Trenton, NJ........................................... 44,657 45,746 2.4 11
Tucson, AZ............................................ 29,194 30,696 5.1 153
Tulsa, OK............................................. 30,400 31,913 5.0 116
Tuscaloosa, AL........................................ 29,064 29,921 2.9 171
Tyler, TX............................................. 29,509 30,540 3.5 158
Utica-Rome, NY........................................ 26,726 27,760 3.9 243
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA............................ 32,156 33,946 5.6 78
Ventura, CA........................................... 37,090 37,795 1.9 36
Victoria, TX.......................................... 27,612 29,069 5.3 195
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ...................... 31,717 32,260 1.7 109
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........................ 23,743 24,706 4.1 306
Waco, TX.............................................. 27,034 28,242 4.5 225
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV............................... 45,374 47,584 4.9 8
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA.............................. 27,850 29,113 4.5 192
Wausau, WI............................................ 28,869 29,417 1.9 183
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL........................ 35,233 35,962 2.1 50
Wheeling, WV-OH....................................... 25,162 26,294 4.5 274
Wichita, KS........................................... 31,731 32,979 3.9 92
Wichita Falls, TX..................................... 24,589 25,557 3.9 293
Williamsport, PA...................................... 26,906 27,874 3.6 237
Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD.............................. 39,670 42,190 6.4 21
Wilmington, NC........................................ 28,092 29,296 4.3 189
Yakima, WA............................................ 23,244 24,188 4.1 311
Yolo, CA.............................................. 33,451 35,318 5.6 61
York, PA.............................................. 30,926 31,937 3.3 115
Youngstown-Warren, OH................................. 28,479 28,783 1.1 208
Yuba City, CA......................................... 26,180 27,805 6.2 240
Yuma, AZ.............................................. 21,492 22,482 4.6 314
Aguadilla, PR......................................... 17,397 18,060 3.8 320
Arecibo, PR........................................... 15,720 16,582 5.5 323
Caguas, PR............................................ 17,790 18,651 4.8 319
Mayaguez, PR.......................................... 16,063 17,122 6.6 322
Ponce, PR............................................. 16,565 17,406 5.1 321
San Juan-Bayamon, PR.................................. 20,028 20,943 4.6 318
1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE) programs.
2 Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA)
as defined by OMB Bulletin No. 99-04. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area
(NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3 Data are preliminary. Each year's total is based on the MSA definition for the specific year. Annual
changes include differences resulting from changes in MSA definitions.
4 Annual pay levels for individual metropolitan areas have been adjusted to reflect noneconomic county
reclassifications where applicable. The total for all metropolitan areas combined, however, has not been
adjusted for these reclassifications. See Technical Note.
5 Totals do not include the six MSAs within Puerto Rico.
6 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Table 2. Average annual pay for 2000 and 2001 for all covered workers(1) by Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Average annual pay(3) Ranking of
areas by
Consolidated Metropolitan level of
Statistical Area(2) Percent average
2000(4) 2001 change, annual pay
2000-01 for 2001
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas(5)........ $42,641 $43,424 1.8 -
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH........ 45,021 45,768 1.7 3
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.......................... 40,708 41,778 2.6 8
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN........................... 34,595 35,561 2.8 15
Cleveland-Akron, OH..................................... 34,130 34,945 2.4 17
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................................... 39,987 40,915 2.3 10
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.............................. 41,328 41,985 1.6 7
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI............................. 41,396 41,619 0.5 9
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria,TX........................... 40,312 42,084 4.4 6
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA................. 37,973 39,072 2.9 12
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............................... 33,293 34,304 3.0 18
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................................... 34,426 35,470 3.0 16
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA... 50,073 51,121 2.1 2
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD...... 38,540 39,701 3.0 11
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................................... 35,855 36,111 0.7 14
Sacramento-Yolo, CA..................................... 36,262 37,737 4.1 13
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA...................... 56,546 54,182 -4.2 1
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA............................ 41,993 42,251 0.6 5
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV....................... 42,135 44,242 5.0 4
San Juan-Caguas-Arecibo, PR............................. 19,623 20,535 4.6 19
1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE) programs.
2 Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA) as defined by OMB Bulletin No.
99-04. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used.
See Technical Note.
3 Data are preliminary. Each year's total is based on the CMSA definition for the specific year.
Annual changes include differences resulting from changes in CMSA definitions.
4 Annual pay levels for individual consolidated metropolitan areas have been adjusted to reflect
noneconomic county reclassifications where applicable. The total for all consolidated metropolitan areas
combined, however, has not been adjusted for these reclassifications. See Technical Note.
5 Totals do not include the San Juan-Caguas-Arecibo CMSA within Puerto Rico.