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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6567 USDL 97-379 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Thursday, October 30, 1997 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY LEVELS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1996 Average annual pay of employees within the nation's 313 metropolitan areas increased by 4.0 percent from 1995 to 1996, according to preliminary data released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The 4.0 percent increase from 1995 to 1996 was the largest over-the-year gain since 1992. Average annual pay was $30,250 in 1996, up from $29,099 in 1995. Average annual pay for the entire nation, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas combined, was $28,945 in 1996. (Average annual pay data by state and industry were issued on September 11, 1997, in USDL 97-315.) Average annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering 118.0 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note beginning on page 4.) Pay differences between areas reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in these characteristics, as well as changes in the level of average pay. Along with pay data for 313 Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, table 2 of this release includes averages and rankings for the 18 areas designated as Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.) Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas New York, N.Y., led the nation with an average annual pay level of $45,028 in 1996. (See table 1.) San Jose, Calif., had the second highest average annual pay level ($44,819), followed by San Francisco, Calif. ($40,016), Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J. ($39,631), and New HavenBridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn. ($39,488). Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas ranged from 31 to 49 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas in the nation. Of the 313 metropolitan areas, 37 reported average annual pay levels above the national metropolitan pay average of $30,250. (Seven of the top ten average pay levels were found in metropolitan areas that are part of the New YorkNorthern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. consolidated metropolitan statistical area.) Jacksonville, N.C., recorded the lowest average annual pay among metropolitan areas in 1996 ($17,534) for the seventh straight year. The second lowest pay occurred in Yuma, Ariz. ($18,213), followed by Myrtle Beach, S.C. ($18,551), McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. ($18,928), and Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex. ($19,056). Average annual pay in these five metropolitan areas averaged 37 to 42 percent below the national metropolitan pay average. Although the individual positions have shifted, the lowest levels of annual pay in the nation for the past 4 years have been in these five areas. The largest percent increase in average annual pay from 1995 to 1996 occurred in Boulder-Longmont, Colo. (8.9 percent); however, the increase was partially attributed to a reporting change in state government rather than actual pay increases. The next largest increase was in Austin-San Marcos, Tex. (6.6 percent), followed by New York, N.Y. (6.5 percent), Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash. (6.5 percent), and Jersey City, N.J. (6.4 percent). In 1996, 96 metropolitan areas experienced pay increases of 4.0 percent or greater, compared with 65 metropolitan areas in 1995. - 2 From 1995 to 1996, average annual pay declined in five metropolitan areas. Bakersfield, Calif., had a drop of 1.4 percent, followed by Gadsden, Ala. (-1.3 percent), Anchorage, Alaska (-0.4 percent), Yuma, Ariz. (-0.4 percent), and Flint, Mich. (-0.3 percent). In addition, eight other metropolitan areas experienced pay growth rates of less than 1 percent. Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas Average annual pay for consolidated metropolitan statistical areas rose by 4.4 percent between 1995 and 1996, from $32,643 to $34,069. (See table 2.) The over-the-year increase of 4.4 percent was the largest gain since 1992. For the tenth consecutive year, the New York-Northern New JerseyLong Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. consolidated metropolitan area had the highest pay level, $40,089. The next highest pay level was recorded in San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. ($37,966), followed by Detroit-Ann ArborFlint, Mich. ($35,072), Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.N.H. ($34,383), and Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($34,199). Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level ($28,056) of the consolidated metropolitan areas for the third consecutive year. Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind., had the second lowest ($28,878), followed by Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($28,979), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. ($29,112), and Cleveland-Akron, Ohio ($29,355). The highest percent increase in average annual pay between 1995 and 1996, 5.8 percent, was reported in Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. The next largest increases were in Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo. (5.6 percent), New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. (5.4 percent), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (5.3 percent), San Francisco-OaklandSan Jose, Calif. (4.9 percent), and Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex. (4.9 percent). The pay increase in Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo. was partially due to the aforementioned reporting change in Boulder-Longmont, Colo. None of the 18 consolidated metropolitan areas reported a decline in average annual pay in 1996. The smallest increase occurred in SacramentoYolo, Calif. (1.0 percent), followed by Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. (2.8 percent), Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif. (3.2 percent), MiamiFort Lauderdale, Fla. (3.3 percent), and Cleveland-Akron, Ohio (3.4 percent). Technical Note These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by state Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI. Data for 1996 are preliminary and subject to revision. A news release providing average annual pay data by state and industry was issued on September 11, 1997 (USDL 97-315). Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution report, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of their establishments. Average annual pay data included in this release are derived from summaries of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. In 1996, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 118.0 million jobs. The estimated 112.9 million workers in these jobs (because they include multiple job holders) represented 97.3 percent of wage and salary civilian employment. Covered workers received $3.415 trillion in pay, representing 94.0 percent of the wage and salary component of personal income and 44.7 percent of the gross domestic product. About 82 percent of all covered workers were employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of workers in metropolitan areas comprised approximately 86 percent of all covered wages in the United States. Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1996 included most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations. Concepts and methodology Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of employees covered by unemployment insurance programs by the average monthly number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, such as 401(k) plans, and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included. Percent changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1995 data as the base, which may differ from the preliminary data issued last year. - 2 Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between metropolitan areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer. Year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low- wage jobs, as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay. In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting are also introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at more detailed geographic levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier years. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions as needed each summer. Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria established by OMB in definitions issued June 30, 1995 (OMB Bulletin No. 95- 04). These definitions reflect information obtained from the 1990 Decennial Census and the 1992 and 1994 Bureau of the Census population estimates. A complete list of metropolitan area definitions is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5205 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161, telephone 703-487-4650. Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a freestanding urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are free-standing areas within very large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively designated and referred to as metropolitan areas. Current metropolitan area definitions are based on standards published in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990 (55 FR12154-12160). Under the 1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one of two ways: (1) if it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or (2) if it includes a Bureau of the Census-defined urbanized area (of at least 50,000 population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing the main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties that have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and meet other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may contain more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines. An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but also has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a CMSA if: (1) separate component areas can be identified within the entire area by meeting specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion indicates there is support for the component areas. If recognized, the component areas are designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA. If no PMSAs are recognized, the entire area is an MSA. - 3 OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the county identified in step 1. Additional statistics and other information Annual average employment and pay data by state and county are available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212, telephone 202-606-6567 (e-mail: 202_info@bls.gov). The comprehensive bulletin, Employment and Wages, features information by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states. The bulletin for 1996, which is due to be issued in November 1997, will be available for sale from the BLS Publication Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Table 1. Average annual pay for 1995 and 1996 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area Average annual pay Ranking of areas Percent By level of Metropolitan area 2/ change, average annual 1995 1996 3/ 1995-96 4/ pay for 1996 Metropolitan areas $ 29,099 $ 30,250 4.0 --Abilene, Tex. 20,365 21,035 3.3 295 Akron, Ohio 27,090 28,106 3.8 74 Albany, Ga. 23,910 24,832 3.9 174 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y. 27,694 28,719 3.7 59 Albuquerque, N.M. 25,093 25,835 3.0 141 Alexandria, La. 21,268 21,995 3.4 277 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa. 27,804 28,771 3.5 58 Altoona, Pa. 21,768 22,675 4.2 260 Amarillo, Tex. 22,633 23,076 2.0 245 Anchorage, Alaska 33,650 33,501 -0.4 18 Ann Arbor, Mich. 30,013 31,027 3.4 33 Anniston, Ala. 22,024 22,366 1.6 268 Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, Wis. 26,279 27,107 3.1 105 Asheville, N.C. 22,912 23,731 3.6 216 Athens, Ga. 22,762 23,304 2.4 233 Atlanta, Ga. 29,959 31,354 4.7 31 Atlantic-Cape May, N.J. 26,585 27,511 3.5 96 Augusta-Aiken, Ga.-S.C. 25,611 25,976 1.4 133 Austin-San Marcos, Tex. 26,922 28,707 6.6 61 Bakersfield, Calif. 24,659 24,314 -1.4 193 Baltimore, Md. 28,733 29,953 4.2 40 Bangor, Maine 22,953 23,523 2.5 223 Barnstable-Yarmouth, Mass. 23,097 24,154 4.6 200 Baton Rouge, La. 25,172 25,995 3.3 130 Beaumont-Port Arthur, Tex. 26,827 27,318 1.8 102 Bellingham, Wash. Benton Harbor, Mich. Bergen-Passaic, N.J. Billings, Mont. Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, Miss. Binghamton, N.Y. Birmingham, Ala. Bismarck, N.D. Bloomington, Ind. Bloomington-Normal, Ill. Boise City, Idaho Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. Boulder-Longmont, Colo. Brazoria, Tex. Bremerton, Wash. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex. Bryan-College Station, Tex. Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. Burlington, Vt. Canton-Massillon, Ohio Casper, Wyo. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Champaign-Urbana, Ill. Charleston-North Charleston, S.C. Charleston, W.Va. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C. Charlottesville, Va. Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga. Cheyenne, Wyo. Chicago, Ill. Chico-Paradise, Calif. Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. Clarksville-Hopkinsville, Tenn.-Ky. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, Ohio Colorado Springs, Colo. Columbia, Mo. Columbia, S.C. Columbus, Ga.-Ala. Columbus, Ohio Corpus Christi, Tex. Cumberland, Md.-W.Va. Dallas, Tex. Danville, Va. Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Iowa-Ill. Dayton-Springfield, Ohio Daytona Beach, Fla. Decatur, Ala. Decatur, Ill. Denver, Colo. 22,357 25,188 35,746 22,813 22,869 26,008 27,337 22,014 22,590 29,023 26,072 32,798 28,441 29,892 25,877 18,566 19,788 26,749 26,480 24,644 22,621 26,572 24,353 22,508 25,846 27,859 24,708 24,775 21,913 32,523 20,573 28,057 20,728 28,742 24,500 23,150 23,647 22,257 26,948 24,032 21,958 31,500 21,931 25,861 27,676 20,497 24,853 27,339 30,059 23,307 25,864 36,840 23,491 23,223 26,904 28,520 22,617 23,311 29,962 26,342 34,383 30,968 30,781 25,954 19,056 20,683 27,607 27,724 25,109 23,200 27,523 24,939 23,167 26,700 29,291 25,704 25,464 21,999 33,907 21,021 29,043 21,511 29,705 25,771 23,917 24,479 22,858 27,888 24,976 22,719 32,996 22,169 26,510 28,659 21,121 25,843 28,399 31,627 4.3 2.7 3.1 3.0 1.5 3.4 4.3 2.7 3.2 3.2 1.0 4.8 8.9 3.0 0.3 2.6 4.5 3.2 4.7 1.9 2.6 3.6 2.4 2.9 3.3 5.1 4.0 2.8 0.4 4.3 2.2 3.5 3.8 3.4 5.2 3.3 3.5 2.7 3.5 3.9 3.5 4.7 1.1 2.5 3.6 3.0 4.0 3.9 5.2 232 139 8 225 242 107 64 261 231 39 117 15 34 35 135 309 301 92 86 164 243 95 170 244 109 47 145 151 276 16 296 55 286 44 142 212 188 251 79 169 256 23 273 112 62 292 140 68 29 Des Moines, Iowa Detroit, Mich. Dothan, Ala. Dover, Del. Dubuque, Iowa. Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis. Dutchess County, N.Y. Eau Claire, Wis. El Paso, Tex. Elkhart-Goshen, Ind. Elmira, N.Y. Enid, Okla. Erie, Pa. Eugene-Springfield, Ore. Evansville-Henderson, Ind.-Ky. Fargo-Moorhead, N.D.-Minn. Fayetteville, N.C. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Ark. Flagstaff, Ariz.-Utah Flint, Mich. Florence, Ala. Florence, S.C. Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo. Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Fla. Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, Fla. Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla. Fort Walton Beach, Fla. Fort Wayne, Ind. Fort Worth-Arlington, Tex. Fresno, Calif. Gadsden, Ala. Gainesville, Fla. Galveston-Texas City, Tex. Gary, Ind. Glens Falls, N.Y. Goldsboro, N.C. Grand Forks, N.D.-Minn. Grand Junction, Colo. Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Mich. Great Falls, Mont. Greeley, Colo. Green Bay, Wis. Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C. Greenville, N.C. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, S.C. Hagerstown, Md. Hamilton-Middletown, Ohio Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pa. 26,376 34,710 23,094 23,054 24,053 23,217 29,707 21,613 20,971 25,155 23,749 19,934 25,204 23,206 24,294 22,077 21,557 22,363 20,849 33,389 22,310 22,605 24,983 26,691 22,233 23,015 21,461 19,788 25,557 27,454 21,331 23,558 21,822 26,361 27,498 23,346 20,343 19,904 22,181 27,298 20,213 23,468 26,298 25,229 22,635 24,667 23,695 26,601 26,856 27,528 35,748 23,268 24,177 24,745 24,184 30,546 22,147 21,834 26,333 24,358 20,629 25,941 24,150 25,319 22,973 22,514 23,003 21,444 33,294 22,801 23,440 26,166 27,547 23,246 23,601 22,016 20,653 26,465 28,511 21,704 23,256 22,349 27,370 28,504 24,321 21,417 20,476 22,715 28,478 21,073 24,527 27,118 26,130 23,466 25,397 24,388 27,629 27,788 4.4 3.0 0.8 4.9 2.9 4.2 2.8 2.5 4.1 4.7 2.6 3.5 2.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 2.9 2.9 -0.3 2.2 3.7 4.7 3.2 4.6 2.5 2.6 4.4 3.6 3.9 1.8 -1.3 2.4 3.8 3.7 4.2 5.3 2.9 2.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.9 3.5 94 11 237 199 177 197 37 274 279 118 191 303 136 201 156 249 263 247 287 20 253 229 123 93 239 220 275 302 114 65 283 238 270 98 66 192 289 304 257 67 294 185 104 124 227 153 190 91 85 Hartford, Conn. Hattiesburg, Miss. Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, N.C. Honolulu, Hawaii Houma, La. Houston, Tex. Huntington-Ashland, W.Va.-Ky.-Ohio Huntsville, Ala. Indianapolis, Ind. Iowa City, Iowa Jackson, Mich. Jackson, Miss. Jackson, Tenn. Jacksonville, Fla. Jacksonville, N.C. Jamestown, N.Y. Janesville-Beloit, Wis. Jersey City, N.J. Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, Tenn.-Va. Johnstown, Pa. Joplin, Mo. Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Mich. Kankakee, Ill. Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. Kenosha, Wis. Killeen-Temple, Tex. Knoxville, Tenn. Kokomo, Ind. LaCrosse, Wis.-Minn. Lafayette, Ind. Lafayette, La. Lake Charles, La. Lakeland-Winter Haven, Fla. Lancaster, Pa. Lansing-East Lansing, Mich. Laredo, Tex. Las Cruces, N.M. Las Vegas, Nev.-Ariz. Lawrence, Kan. Lawton, Okla. Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Lexington, Ky. Lima, Ohio Lincoln, Neb. Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark. Longview-Marshall, Tex. Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. Louisville, Ky.-Ind. Lubbock, Tex. 33,948 20,867 21,726 27,936 22,969 31,390 23,408 31,233 28,081 24,798 26,848 24,193 23,901 25,256 16,951 22,358 26,898 34,621 23,424 21,085 21,359 27,259 23,961 27,597 24,933 21,589 24,567 33,967 21,874 25,263 22,735 25,399 23,238 25,605 28,149 19,174 20,186 26,263 20,860 20,780 21,582 24,501 24,694 23,285 24,569 23,080 32,445 25,554 21,529 34,819 21,797 22,493 28,336 24,099 32,895 23,929 31,473 29,137 25,536 27,640 24,928 24,898 26,373 17,534 22,807 27,832 36,833 24,492 21,561 21,994 28,611 25,205 28,774 26,228 22,432 25,340 34,779 23,001 25,990 23,942 26,059 24,106 26,467 29,247 20,388 20,371 27,324 21,198 20,916 22,495 25,746 25,013 24,018 25,392 23,983 33,478 26,628 22,721 2.6 4.5 3.5 1.4 4.9 4.8 2.2 0.8 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.2 4.4 3.4 2.0 3.5 6.4 4.6 2.3 3.0 5.0 5.2 4.3 5.2 3.9 3.1 2.4 5.2 2.9 5.3 2.6 3.7 3.4 3.9 6.3 0.9 4.0 1.6 0.7 4.2 5.1 1.3 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.2 4.2 5.5 12 281 265 70 203 25 211 30 49 150 90 171 172 116 313 252 82 9 187 285 278 63 159 57 122 266 155 13 248 131 209 128 202 113 48 305 306 101 291 297 264 144 167 206 154 207 19 110 255 Lynchburg, Va. Macon, Ga. Madison, Wis. Mansfield, Ohio McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. Medford-Ashland, Ore. Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Fla. Memphis, Tenn.-Ark.-Miss. Merced, Calif. Miami, Fla. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J. Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wis. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis. Mobile, Ala. Modesto, Calif. Monmouth-Ocean, N.J. Monroe, La. Montgomery, Ala. Muncie, Ind. Myrtle Beach, S.C. Naples, Fla. Nashville, Tenn. Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y. New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn. New London-Norwich, Conn. New Orleans, La. New York, N.Y. Newark, N.J. Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, Va.-N.C. Oakland, Calif. Ocala, Fla. Odessa-Midland, Tex. Oklahoma City, Okla. Olympia, Wash. Omaha, Neb.-Iowa Orange County, Calif. Orlando, Fla. Owensboro, Ky. Panama City, Fla. Parkersburg-Marietta, W.Va.-Ohio Pensacola, Fla. Peoria-Pekin, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz. Pine Bluff, Ark. Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsfield, Mass. Portland, Maine 23,077 23,853 26,364 23,584 18,031 22,112 26,854 26,915 20,256 27,453 37,925 27,926 30,170 23,318 23,376 29,033 22,977 23,798 24,123 17,910 22,747 27,346 31,635 37,546 30,892 25,593 42,272 37,224 25,016 23,544 33,180 21,082 25,032 23,626 26,083 24,978 30,904 24,450 21,685 20,491 24,000 22,506 27,548 31,695 26,748 22,457 28,051 25,513 25,359 23,934 24,766 27,191 24,536 18,928 22,679 27,360 27,912 20,909 28,383 39,631 29,079 31,941 24,262 23,735 29,920 23,389 24,511 25,144 18,551 23,728 28,172 32,993 39,488 32,000 26,085 45,028 38,886 25,594 24,184 34,402 21,677 25,897 24,286 26,575 25,961 32,179 25,204 22,209 21,121 24,686 23,244 27,861 33,080 27,826 22,738 29,069 26,297 26,379 3.7 3.8 3.1 4.0 5.0 2.6 1.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 4.5 4.1 5.9 4.0 1.5 3.1 1.8 3.0 4.2 3.6 4.3 3.0 4.3 5.2 3.6 1.9 6.5 4.5 2.3 2.7 3.7 2.8 3.5 2.8 1.9 3.9 4.1 3.1 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.3 1.1 4.4 4.0 1.3 3.6 3.1 4.0 210 175 103 183 310 259 99 77 298 69 4 50 28 195 215 42 230 186 162 311 218 73 24 5 27 127 1 6 147 197 14 284 137 194 111 134 26 160 272 292 180 240 81 22 83 254 52 119 115 Portland-Vancouver, Ore.-Wash. Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R.I. Provo-Orem, Utah Pueblo, Colo. Punta Gorda, Fla. Racine, Wis. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C. Rapid City, S.D. Reading, Pa. Redding, Calif. Reno, Nev. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, Wash. Richmond-Petersburg, Va. Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif. Roanoke, Va. Rochester, Minn. Rochester, N.Y. Rockford, Ill. Rocky Mount, N.C. Sacramento, Calif. Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Mich. Salem, Ore. Salinas, Calif. Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah San Angelo, Tex. San Antonio, Tex. San Diego, Calif. San Francisco, Calif. San Jose, Calif. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Calif. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Calif. Santa Fe, N.M. Santa Rosa, Calif. Sarasota-Bradenton, Fla. Savannah, Ga. Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, Pa. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash. Sharon, Pa. Sheboygan, Wis. Sherman-Denison, Tex. Shreveport-Bossier City, La. Sioux City, Iowa-Neb. Sioux Falls, S.D. South Bend, Ind. Spokane, Wash. Springfield, Ill. Springfield, Mass. Springfield, Mo. 28,358 26,487 22,848 21,869 21,058 26,861 27,925 20,107 27,442 23,590 26,513 27,570 27,598 24,815 23,955 29,107 29,301 27,228 22,532 29,289 29,863 23,108 24,260 24,693 21,124 23,725 27,842 37,975 42,409 23,026 25,805 25,036 23,691 26,177 22,279 23,865 23,278 31,550 22,815 24,875 23,879 23,408 22,443 22,739 25,096 23,595 28,615 26,437 22,111 29,940 27,339 23,481 22,357 21,817 27,973 29,077 20,719 28,205 23,856 27,679 27,864 28,714 25,248 24,589 30,663 30,241 28,093 23,280 29,576 31,138 23,747 24,851 25,770 21,426 24,460 28,845 40,016 44,819 23,969 26,251 26,098 24,539 26,876 22,560 25,084 24,071 33,588 23,494 26,020 25,124 23,731 23,273 23,547 25,661 24,536 29,714 27,423 22,875 5.6 3.2 2.8 2.2 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.0 2.8 1.1 4.4 1.1 4.0 1.7 2.6 5.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 1.0 4.3 2.8 2.4 4.4 1.4 3.1 3.6 5.4 5.7 4.1 1.7 4.2 3.6 2.7 1.3 5.1 3.4 6.5 3.0 4.6 5.2 1.4 3.7 3.6 2.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 41 100 226 269 280 76 51 299 72 213 88 80 60 158 181 36 38 75 235 45 32 214 173 143 288 189 56 3 2 208 120 126 182 108 262 165 204 17 224 129 163 216 236 221 146 183 43 97 250 St. Cloud, Minn. 21,685 22,681 4.6 258 St. Joseph, Mo. 22,279 23,242 4.3 241 St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. 28,599 29,469 3.0 46 State College, Pa. 24,298 24,730 1.8 178 Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va. 25,649 26,245 2.3 121 Stockton-Lodi, Calif. 24,380 24,765 1.6 176 Sumter, S.C. 19,880 20,708 4.2 300 Syracuse, N.Y. 27,267 27,652 1.4 89 Tacoma, Wash. 24,687 25,548 3.5 148 Tallahassee, Fla. 23,141 24,244 4.8 196 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. 24,650 25,540 3.6 149 Terre Haute, Ind. 22,583 23,047 2.1 246 Texarkana, Tex.-Texarkana, Ark. 21,770 22,390 2.8 267 Toledo, Ohio 26,907 27,793 3.3 84 Topeka, Kan. 24,904 25,454 2.2 152 Trenton, N.J. 36,614 37,598 2.7 7 Tucson, Ariz. 23,622 24,705 4.6 179 Tulsa, Okla. 25,338 26,116 3.1 125 Tuscaloosa, Ala. 24,487 25,051 2.3 166 Tyler, Tex. 24,176 25,295 4.6 157 Utica-Rome, N.Y. 23,207 23,677 2.0 219 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, Calif. 25,453 25,889 1.7 138 Ventura, Calif. 27,262 28,260 3.7 71 Victoria, Tex. 22,267 23,448 5.3 228 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J. 27,104 27,901 2.9 78 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, Calif. 19,439 19,768 1.7 308 Waco, Tex. 22,534 23,302 3.4 234 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. 34,910 36,383 4.2 10 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa 24,813 25,170 1.4 161 Wausau, Wis. 24,112 25,011 3.7 168 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, Fla. 27,912 29,057 4.1 53 Wheeling, W.Va.-Ohio 21,769 22,228 2.1 271 Wichita, Kan. 26,388 27,688 4.9 87 Wichita Falls, Tex. 21,264 21,718 2.1 282 Williamsport, Pa. 23,093 23,526 1.9 222 Wilmington-Newark, Del.-Md. 31,439 33,223 5.7 21 Wilmington, N.C. 23,233 24,050 3.5 205 Yakima, Wash. 19,271 19,780 2.6 307 Yolo, Calif. 28,616 29,053 1.5 54 York, Pa. 26,074 26,955 3.4 106 Youngstown-Warren, Ohio 25,380 25,981 2.4 132 Yuba City, Calif. 21,237 21,374 0.6 290 Yuma, Ariz. 18,286 18,213 -0.4 312 1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2/ Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 30, 1995. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note. 3/ Data are preliminary. 4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. Table 2. Average annual pay for 1995 and 1996 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area Average annual pay Consolidated metropolitan statistical area 2/ Percent change, 1995 1996 3/ 1995-96 4/ Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas $ 32,643 $ 34,069 4.4 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. 32,798 34,383 4.8 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. 32,047 33,405 4.2 Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. 27,886 28,878 3.6 Cleveland-Akron, Ohio 28,382 29,355 3.4 Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex. 30,339 31,713 4.5 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo. 29,531 31,198 5.6 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. 34,121 35,072 2.8 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex. 31,107 32,620 4.9 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif. 30,915 31,897 3.2 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 27,161 28,056 3.3 Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. 27,830 28,979 4.1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. 38,047 40,089 5.4 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. 31,238 32,625 4.4 Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. 27,649 29,112 5.3 Sacramento-Yolo, Calif. 29,214 29,519 1.0 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. 36,186 37,966 4.9 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. 30,052 31,792 5.8 Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. 32,816 34,199 4.2 1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2/ Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 30, 1995. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note. 3/ Data are preliminary. 4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. Ranking of areas By level of average annual pay for 1996 -4 6 17 14 11 12 3 8 9 18 16 1 7 15 13 2 10 5