Full text of 1994 : Text File, USDL 95-432
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Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Table 2. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan
Technical information: (202) 606-6567 USDL 95-432
Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Friday, October 27, 1995
AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY LEVELS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1994
The average annual pay of employees in metropolitan areas increased
2.1 percent from 1993 to 1994, according to preliminary data for workers
covered by State and Federal Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs released
today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The average annual pay level for the nation's 310 metropolitan areas was
$28,128 in 1994, up from $27,539 in 1993. Average annual pay for the
entire nation, metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas combined, was
$26,939 in 1994. (Average annual pay data by state and industry were
issued on September 19, 1995.)
Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers
subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering
112.6 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed
by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered under UI
programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical
Note beginning on page 3.) Pay differences between areas reflect the
varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of
work, as well as other factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may
reflect shifts in these characteristics, as well as changes in the level of
average pay. Along with pay data for 310 Metropolitan Statistical Areas
and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, table 2 of this release
includes averages and rankings for the 18 areas designated as Consolidated
Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.)
Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
New York, N.Y., led the nation with an average annual pay level of
$39,933 in 1994. (See table 1.) San Jose, Calif., had the second highest
average annual pay level ($39,127), followed by Middlesex-Somerset-
Hunterdon, N.J. ($36,690), San Francisco, Calif. ($36,510), and Newark,
N.J. ($35,910). Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas ranged
from 28 to 42 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas in the
nation. Of the 310 metropolitan areas, 38 reported average annual pay
levels above the national metropolitan pay average of $28,128, and 28 had
average pay levels in excess of $30,000.
Jacksonville, N.C., recorded the lowest average annual pay level among
metropolitan areas in 1994 ($16,334), followed by Myrtle Beach, S.C.
($17,498), McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. ($17,683), Brownsville-Harlingen-
San Benito, Tex. ($17,952), and Yuma, Ariz. ($17,996). Average annual pay
in the five bottom-ranked metropolitan areas averaged 36 to 42 percent
below the national metropolitan pay average. A total of 20 metropolitan
areas reported average annual pay levels below $20,000.
The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1993 to
1994 occurred in Kokomo, Ind. (12.0 percent), followed by Flint, Mich. (8.9
percent), Bloomington-Normal, Ill., and Rockford, Ill. (5.7 percent each),
and Boise City, Idaho, and Sumter, S.C. (5.4 percent each). In 1994, 108
metropolitan areas experienced pay increases of 3.0 percent or greater.
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From 1993 to 1994, average annual pay declined in nine metropolitan
areas. Dutchess County, N.Y., had the largest drop (-2.9 percent),
followed by Fort Walton Beach, Fla. (-1.4 percent), Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa.
(-0.9 percent), San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif. (-0.6
percent), and Burlington, Vt., Jacksonville, Fla., and Odessa-Midland, Tex.
(-0.5 percent each). In addition to the nine areas in which average pay
levels declined, a total of 25 metropolitan areas experienced pay growth
rates of less than 1 percent.
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Average annual pay in the 18 consolidated metropolitan statistical
areas increased by 2.0 percent between 1993 and 1994, from $30,858 to
$31,469. (See table 2.) The New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa., consolidated metropolitan area had the highest pay
level, at $36,357, followed by San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif.
($34,476), Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. ($32,789), Washington-Baltimore,
D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($31,922), and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-
Brockton, Mass.-N.H. ($31,403).
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level
of the consolidated metropolitan areas, with an average of $26,245 in 1994.
Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash., was second lowest ($26,427), followed by
Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($26,909), Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.
($26,958), and Cleveland-Akron, Ohio ($27,585).
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich., had the highest percentage increase in
average annual pay between 1993 and 1994 (5.3 percent). The next largest
increases were in Cleveland-Akron, Ohio (3.2 percent), Milwaukee-Racine,
Wis. (3.0 percent), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (2.8 percent), and San
Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. (2.6 percent).
None of the 18 consolidated metropolitan areas reported a decline in
average annual pay in 1994. The smallest increases occurred in Los
Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif. (0.6 percent), followed by Houston-
Galveston-Brazoria, Tex. (1.1 percent), Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo., and
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. (each at 1.5
percent), and Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex. (1.7 percent).
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Technical Note
These data are the product of a Federal-State cooperative program in
which State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) prepare summaries of
employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI)
legislation. The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state
unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay
quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI.
Data for 1994 are preliminary and subject to revision. A news release
providing average annual pay data by state and industry was issued on
September 19, 1995 (USDL 95-376).
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for
federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution
reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly
contribution report, employers who operate multiple establishments within a
state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of
their establishments. Average annual pay data are derived from summaries
of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to
state. In 1994, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 112.6 million
jobs, representing 96.2 percent of wage and salary civilian employment.
Covered workers received $3.034 trillion in pay representing 92.5 percent
of the wage and salary component of personal income and 45.0 percent of the
gross domestic product. About 82 percent of all covered workers were
employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of workers in metropolitan
areas comprised approximately 86 percent of all covered wages in the
United States.
Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1994 included most
agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces,
elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some
domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain
small nonprofit organizations.
Concepts and methodology
Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of
employees covered by unemployment insurance programs by the average monthly
number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are
bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other
gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred
compensation plans such as 401(k) plans. Monthly employment is based on
the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period
including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of
covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers,
corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical
workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included.
Percentage changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1993
data as the base, which may differ from the preliminary data issued last
year.
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Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time
workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying
occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between metropolitan
areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay
data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be
employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one
employer. Year to year changes in average annual pay can result from a
change in the proportion of employment in low and high wage jobs, as well
as from changes in the level of average annual pay.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas
for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions as
needed each June. Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria
established by OMB under standards published in the Federal Register on
March 30, 1990 (55 FR12154-12160), and definitions issued June 30, 1993
(OMB Bulletin No. 93-17). These standards and definitions reflect
information obtained from the 1990 Decennial Census. A complete list of
metropolitan area definitions as of June 30, 1993, is available from the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Va., 22161, telephone 703-487-4650 (Accession
Number PB 93-505-824).
Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a free-
standing urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are free-standing areas within very
large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer
is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum
of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA).
The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively
designated and referred to as metropolitan areas.
By 1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one
of two ways: (1) If it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or
(2) if it includes a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (of at least
50,000 population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least
100,000 (75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing
the main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties
that have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and
meet other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are
determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may contain
more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines.
An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but
also has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a
CMSA if: (1) Separate component areas can be identified within the entire
area by meeting specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion
indicates there is support for the component areas. If recognized, the
component areas are designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA.
If no PMSAs are recognized, the entire area is an MSA.
- 5 -
OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in
the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and
towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a
county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas
(NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the
Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives
to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA
for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named
city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities
of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half
its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the
county identified in step 1.
Additional statistics and other information
Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are
available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Washington, DC, 20212, telephone (202) 606-6567. The comprehensive
bulletin, Employment and Wages, features information by detailed industry
on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states.
The bulletin for 1994, which is due to be issued in late 1995, will be
available for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Metropolitan areas......................................$27,539 $28,128 2.1 --- ---
Abilene, Tex................................................. 19,810 20,320 2.6 283 151
Akron, Ohio.................................................. 25,789 26,357 2.2 79 196
Albany, Ga................................................... 22,688 23,320 2.8 174 122
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y................................. 26,605 27,231 2.4 50 176
Albuquerque, N.M............................................. 23,506 24,309 3.4 139 67
Alexandria, La............................................... 20,030 20,712 3.4 278 67
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa............................... 25,845 26,602 2.9 65 109
Altoona, Pa.................................................. 20,448 21,127 3.3 271 75
Amarillo, Tex................................................ 21,453 22,108 3.1 229 94
Anchorage, Alaska............................................ 33,782 34,098 0.9 9 277
Ann Arbor, Mich.............................................. 27,930 29,258 4.8 29 11
Anniston, Ala................................................ 20,569 21,433 4.2 254 31
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, Wis................................. 24,623 25,381 3.1 105 94
Asheville, N.C............................................... 21,546 21,890 1.6 237 241
Athens, Ga................................................... 21,953 22,226 1.2 224 265
Atlanta, Ga.................................................. 28,351 28,674 1.1 35 267
Atlantic-Cape May, N.J....................................... 25,466 26,185 2.8 84 122
Augusta-Aiken, Ga.-S.C....................................... 24,573 24,918 1.4 117 248
Austin-San Marcos, Tex....................................... 25,009 25,618 2.4 98 176
Bakersfield, Calif........................................... 24,470 24,591 0.5 128 290
Baltimore, Md................................................ 27,239 27,955 2.6 41 151
Bangor, Maine................................................ 21,800 22,335 2.5 217 168
Barnstable-Yarmouth, Mass.................................... 21,868 22,371 2.3 214 187
Baton Rouge, La.............................................. 23,868 24,409 2.3 136 187
Beaumont-Port Arthur, Tex.................................... 25,260 26,397 4.5 78 19
Bellingham, Wash............................................. 20,718 21,554 4.0 248 40
Benton Harbor, Mich.......................................... 24,506 24,837 1.4 119 248
Bergen-Passaic, N.J.......................................... 34,135 34,675 1.6 8 241
Billings, Mont............................................... 22,034 22,320 1.3 219 259
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, Miss............................. 21,682 22,299 2.8 220 122
Binghamton, N.Y.............................................. 25,548 25,744 0.8 93 282
Birmingham, Ala.............................................. 25,278 26,252 3.9 82 45
Bismarck, N.D................................................ 20,737 21,317 2.8 259 122
Bloomington, Ind............................................. 21,426 21,880 2.1 238 201
Bloomington-Normal, Ill...................................... 26,282 27,768 5.7 45 3
Boise City, Idaho............................................ 23,320 24,571 5.4 129 5
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H......... 30,642 31,403 2.5 18 168
Boulder-Longmont, Colo....................................... 26,215 26,948 2.8 57 122
Brazoria, Tex................................................ 28,453 28,941 1.7 33 236
Bremerton, Wash.............................................. 25,050 25,095 0.2 115 297
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex........................ 17,757 17,952 1.1 307 267
Bryan-College Station, Tex................................... 19,168 19,255 0.4 302 293
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y................................... 25,016 25,780 3.1 92 94
Burlington, Vt............................................... 25,699 25,582 -0.5 99 304
Canton-Massillon, Ohio....................................... 23,054 23,945 3.9 149 45
Casper, Wyo.................................................. 22,117 22,152 0.2 228 297
Cedar Rapids, Iowa........................................... 25,057 25,706 2.6 95 151
Champaign-Urbana, Ill........................................ 22,871 23,315 1.9 175 213
Charleston-North Charleston, S.C............................. 21,877 22,175 1.4 225 248
Charleston, W.Va............................................. 24,633 25,116 2.0 113 208
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C....................... 25,670 26,520 3.3 68 75
Charlottesville, Va.......................................... 23,336 23,880 2.3 151 187
Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga........................................ 23,150 23,744 2.6 159 151
Cheyenne, Wyo................................................ 21,567 22,167 2.8 226 122
Chicago, Ill................................................. 30,724 31,339 2.0 19 208
Chico-Paradise, Calif........................................ 19,845 20,380 2.7 282 140
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind..................................... 26,462 27,107 2.4 52 176
Clarksville-Hopkinsville, Tenn.-Ky........................... 19,100 19,893 4.1 293 34
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, Ohio................................ 26,987 27,927 3.5 43 62
Colorado Springs, Colo....................................... 23,019 23,754 3.2 157 83
Columbia, Mo................................................. 21,796 22,635 3.8 200 51
Columbia, S.C................................................ 22,486 22,902 1.8 192 223
Columbus, Ga.-Ala............................................ 20,886 21,478 2.8 253 122
Columbus, Ohio............................................... 25,519 26,291 3.0 81 100
Corpus Christi, Tex.......................................... 23,202 23,660 2.0 164 208
Cumberland, Md.-W.Va......................................... 20,692 21,268 2.8 262 122
Dallas, Tex.................................................. 29,489 30,105 2.1 27 201
Danville, Va................................................. 20,752 21,191 2.1 266 201
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Iowa-Ill....................... 24,314 25,422 4.6 103 16
Dayton-Springfield, Ohio..................................... 25,900 26,721 3.2 60 83
Daytona Beach, Fla........................................... 19,397 19,910 2.6 292 151
Decatur, Ala................................................. 23,504 24,133 2.7 144 140
Decatur, Ill................................................. 26,037 27,071 4.0 53 40
Denver, Colo................................................. 28,607 28,969 1.3 32 259
Des Moines, Iowa............................................. 24,832 25,509 2.7 101 140
Detroit, Mich................................................ 31,622 33,203 5.0 13 8
Dothan, Ala.................................................. 21,593 22,155 2.6 227 151
Dover, Del................................................... 21,438 21,710 1.3 244 259
Dubuque, Iowa................................................ 22,237 23,277 4.7 178 14
Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis................................... 22,000 22,712 3.2 197 83
Dutchess County, N.Y......................................... 29,730 28,860 -2.9 34 310
Eau Claire, Wis.............................................. 20,627 21,151 2.5 269 168
El Paso, Tex................................................. 19,854 20,221 1.8 288 223
Elkhart-Goshen, Ind.......................................... 23,579 24,690 4.7 125 14
Elmira, N.Y.................................................. 22,254 22,880 2.8 193 122
Enid, Okla................................................... 19,339 19,601 1.4 295 248
Erie, Pa..................................................... 23,812 24,518 3.0 130 100
Eugene-Springfield, Ore...................................... 22,106 22,510 1.8 206 223
Evansville-Henderson, Ind.-Ky................................ 23,552 23,821 1.1 154 267
Fargo-Moorhead, N.D.-Minn.................................... 20,948 21,401 2.2 255 196
Fayetteville, N.C............................................ 20,459 20,928 2.3 274 187
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Ark.......................... 20,970 21,597 3.0 246 100
Flint, Mich.................................................. 30,512 33,219 8.9 12 2
Florence, Ala................................................ 21,025 21,798 3.7 240 52
Florence, S.C................................................ 21,338 21,681 1.6 245 241
Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo.................................. 23,424 24,221 3.4 141 67
Fort Lauderdale, Fla......................................... 25,365 25,838 1.9 89 213
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Fla................................... 21,472 21,821 1.6 239 241
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, Fla.............................. 22,247 22,277 0.1 222 300
Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla........................................ 20,246 20,982 3.6 273 56
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
Fort Walton Beach, Fla....................................... 19,600 19,333 -1.4 301 309
Fort Wayne, Ind.............................................. 24,053 24,774 3.0 121 100
Fort Worth-Arlington, Tex.................................... 26,334 26,463 0.5 73 290
Fresno, Calif................................................ 21,252 21,253 0.0 265 301
Gadsden, Ala................................................. 21,527 22,609 5.0 201 8
Gainesville, Fla............................................. 21,151 21,314 0.8 260 282
Galveston-Texas City, Tex.................................... 24,372 25,178 3.3 112 75
Gary, Ind.................................................... 25,570 26,671 4.3 62 25
Glens Falls, N.Y............................................. 22,971 23,204 1.0 180 274
Goldsboro, N.C............................................... 19,233 19,445 1.1 298 267
Grand Forks, N.D.-Minn....................................... 18,828 19,418 3.1 299 94
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Mich.......................... 25,424 26,431 4.0 74 40
Great Falls, Mont............................................ 20,053 19,985 -0.3 291 303
Greeley, Colo................................................ 22,181 22,929 3.4 190 67
Green Bay, Wis............................................... 24,552 25,289 3.0 108 100
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C..................... 23,500 24,189 2.9 142 109
Greenville, N.C.............................................. 22,033 22,450 1.9 207 213
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, S.C......................... 22,850 23,498 2.8 168 122
Hagerstown, Md............................................... 21,962 22,983 4.6 187 16
Hamilton-Middletown, Ohio.................................... 25,085 25,804 2.9 91 109
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pa.............................. 25,296 25,982 2.7 86 140
Hartford, Conn............................................... 32,555 33,172 1.9 14 213
Hickory-Morganton, N.C....................................... 20,539 21,384 4.1 256 34
Honolulu, Hawaii............................................. 27,253 27,736 1.8 46 223
Houma, La.................................................... 21,981 22,431 2.1 208 201
Houston, Tex................................................. 30,069 30,349 0.9 23 277
Huntington-Ashland, W.Va.-Ky.-Ohio........................... 22,767 23,368 2.6 172 151
Huntsville, Ala.............................................. 29,243 30,389 3.9 22 45
Indianapolis, Ind............................................ 26,587 27,437 3.2 47 83
Iowa City, Iowa.............................................. 23,510 24,131 2.6 145 151
Jackson, Mich................................................ 25,301 26,414 4.4 76 23
Jackson, Miss................................................ 22,142 23,030 4.0 183 40
Jackson, Tenn................................................ 22,030 22,591 2.5 203 168
Jacksonville, Fla............................................ 24,443 24,324 -0.5 138 304
Jacksonville, N.C............................................ 15,920 16,334 2.6 310 151
Jamestown, N.Y............................................... 21,340 22,051 3.3 231 75
Janesville-Beloit, Wis....................................... 24,640 25,812 4.8 90 11
Jersey City, N.J............................................. 32,815 33,012 0.6 15 289
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, Tenn.-Va..................... 22,288 22,648 1.6 199 241
Johnstown, Pa................................................ 20,143 20,644 2.5 279 168
Joplin, Mo................................................... 19,279 20,294 5.3 284 7
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Mich................................. 25,854 26,517 2.6 69 151
Kankakee, Ill................................................ 22,616 22,980 1.6 188 241
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan......................................... 25,873 26,585 2.8 66 122
Kenosha, Wis................................................. 23,391 24,001 2.6 148 151
Killeen-Temple, Tex.......................................... 20,302 20,850 2.7 275 140
Knoxville, Tenn.............................................. 23,024 23,711 3.0 161 100
Kokomo, Ind.................................................. 29,672 33,231 12.0 11 1
LaCrosse, Wis.-Minn.......................................... 20,938 21,518 2.8 251 122
Lafayette, Ind............................................... 23,624 24,487 3.7 132 52
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Lafayette, La................................................ 21,283 21,974 3.2 234 83
Lake Charles, La............................................. 24,229 24,741 2.1 123 201
Lakeland-Winter Haven, Fla................................... 21,609 22,378 3.6 213 56
Lancaster, Pa................................................ 24,233 24,838 2.5 118 168
Lansing-East Lansing, Mich................................... 26,848 28,024 4.4 40 23
Laredo, Tex.................................................. 18,082 18,730 3.6 304 56
Las Cruces, N.M.............................................. 19,348 19,451 0.5 297 290
Las Vegas, Nev.-Ariz......................................... 25,152 25,247 0.4 110 293
Lawrence, Kan................................................ 19,765 20,287 2.6 286 151
Lawton, Okla................................................. 19,478 20,268 4.1 287 34
Lewiston-Auburn, Maine....................................... 20,438 20,809 1.8 276 223
Lexington, Ky................................................ 23,130 23,510 1.6 167 241
Lima, Ohio................................................... 23,372 24,348 4.2 137 31
Lincoln, Neb................................................. 21,820 22,564 3.4 204 67
Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark........................... 23,184 23,678 2.1 162 201
Longview-Marshall, Tex....................................... 21,992 22,397 1.8 212 223
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif................................ 31,760 31,831 0.2 17 297
Louisville, Ky.-Ind.......................................... 24,101 24,627 2.2 127 196
Lubbock, Tex................................................. 20,690 21,259 2.8 263 122
Lynchburg, Va................................................ 21,958 22,340 1.7 216 236
Macon, Ga.................................................... 23,347 23,330 -0.1 173 302
Madison, Wis................................................. 24,927 25,432 2.0 102 208
Mansfield, Ohio.............................................. 22,221 22,908 3.1 191 94
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex................................ 17,173 17,683 3.0 308 100
Medford-Ashland, Ore......................................... 20,996 21,541 2.6 250 151
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Fla........................... 26,104 26,334 0.9 80 277
Memphis, Tenn.-Ark.-Miss..................................... 25,107 25,840 2.9 88 109
Merced, Calif................................................ 19,722 20,007 1.4 290 248
Miami, Fla................................................... 26,026 26,493 1.8 70 223
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J............................ 35,597 36,690 3.1 3 94
Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wis...................................... 26,204 26,958 2.9 56 109
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis.............................. 28,343 29,093 2.6 30 151
Mobile, Ala.................................................. 22,045 22,687 2.9 198 109
Modesto, Calif............................................... 22,725 23,037 1.4 182 248
Monmouth-Ocean, N.J.......................................... 28,048 28,338 1.0 37 274
Monroe, La................................................... 21,162 21,978 3.9 233 45
Montgomery, Ala.............................................. 22,028 22,984 4.3 186 25
Muncie, Ind.................................................. 22,843 23,671 3.6 163 56
Myrtle Beach, S.C............................................ 17,012 17,498 2.9 309 109
Naples, Fla.................................................. 20,672 21,564 4.3 247 25
Nashville, Tenn.............................................. 25,037 26,200 4.6 83 16
Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y.......................................... 30,226 30,765 1.8 20 223
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn........ 35,058 35,535 1.4 6 248
New London-Norwich, Conn..................................... 28,630 30,015 4.8 28 11
New Orleans, La.............................................. 24,277 24,747 1.9 122 213
New York, N.Y................................................ 39,381 39,933 1.4 1 248
Newark, N.J.................................................. 35,132 35,910 2.2 5 196
Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa............................................ 24,739 24,507 -0.9 131 308
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, Va.-N.C................. 22,337 22,977 2.9 189 109
Oakland, Calif............................................... 31,701 32,157 1.4 16 248
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Ocala, Fla................................................... 19,531 20,288 3.9 285 45
Odessa-Midland, Tex.......................................... 24,857 24,722 -0.5 124 304
Oklahoma City, Okla.......................................... 23,048 23,298 1.1 177 267
Olympia, Wash................................................ 24,878 25,300 1.7 106 236
Omaha, Neb.-Iowa............................................. 22,986 23,748 3.3 158 75
Orange County, Calif......................................... 29,916 30,315 1.3 24 259
Orlando, Fla................................................. 23,187 23,632 1.9 166 213
Owensboro, Ky................................................ 20,584 20,784 1.0 277 274
Panama City, Fla............................................. 19,353 19,865 2.6 294 151
Parkersburg-Marietta, W.Va.-Ohio............................. 22,791 23,475 3.0 169 100
Pensacola, Fla............................................... 21,789 22,084 1.4 230 248
Peoria-Pekin, Ill............................................ 25,924 27,006 4.2 55 31
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J........................................ 29,839 30,519 2.3 21 187
Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz........................................... 24,916 25,738 3.3 94 75
Pine Bluff, Ark.............................................. 21,035 21,740 3.4 243 67
Pittsburgh, Pa............................................... 26,478 27,121 2.4 51 176
Pittsfield, Mass............................................. 24,223 24,658 1.8 126 223
Portland, Maine.............................................. 24,106 24,455 1.4 134 248
Portland-Vancouver, Ore.-Wash................................ 26,360 27,065 2.7 54 140
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R.I............................ 24,927 25,515 2.4 100 176
Provo-Orem, Utah............................................. 20,922 21,377 2.2 257 196
Pueblo, Colo................................................. 20,455 21,068 3.0 272 100
Punta Gorda, Fla............................................. 19,560 20,049 2.5 289 168
Racine, Wis.................................................. 25,420 26,410 3.9 77 45
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C.............................. 26,058 26,666 2.3 63 187
Rapid City, S.D.............................................. 18,820 19,584 4.1 296 34
Reading, Pa.................................................. 25,610 26,705 4.3 61 25
Redding, Calif............................................... 22,993 23,431 1.9 171 213
Reno, Nev.................................................... 25,025 25,632 2.4 97 176
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, Wash............................... 25,673 26,835 4.5 59 19
Richmond-Petersburg, Va...................................... 25,987 26,485 1.9 72 213
Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif.............................. 24,062 24,477 1.7 133 236
Roanoke, Va.................................................. 22,723 22,824 0.4 195 293
Rochester, Minn.............................................. 27,625 28,524 3.3 36 75
Rochester, N.Y............................................... 27,645 28,299 2.4 38 176
Rockford, Ill................................................ 25,058 26,488 5.7 71 3
Rocky Mount, N.C............................................. 20,992 21,768 3.7 242 52
Sacramento, Calif............................................ 27,476 28,125 2.4 39 176
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Mich............................... 27,686 29,080 5.0 31 8
Salem, Ore................................................... 21,566 22,419 4.0 210 40
Salinas, Calif............................................... 22,441 23,462 4.5 170 19
Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah................................... 23,221 23,839 2.7 152 140
San Angelo, Tex.............................................. 20,176 20,543 1.8 281 223
San Antonio, Tex............................................. 22,576 23,016 1.9 184 213
San Diego, Calif............................................. 26,531 27,261 2.8 49 122
San Francisco, Calif......................................... 35,278 36,510 3.5 4 62
San Jose, Calif.............................................. 38,040 39,127 2.9 2 109
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif................ 22,462 22,327 -0.6 218 307
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Calif...................... 25,299 25,390 0.4 104 293
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Calif................................ 23,582 24,068 2.1 147 201
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area -- Continued
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Metropolitan By level of change in
area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Santa Fe, N.M................................................ 21,811 22,596 3.6 202 56
Santa Rosa, Calif............................................ 24,658 25,232 2.3 111 187
Sarasota-Bradenton, Fla...................................... 21,101 21,287 0.9 261 277
Savannah, Ga................................................. 22,742 23,146 1.8 181 223
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, Pa........................... 21,681 22,430 3.5 209 62
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash............................... 29,399 30,181 2.7 25 140
Sharon, Pa................................................... 21,658 22,403 3.4 211 67
Sheboygan, Wis............................................... 23,396 24,411 4.3 135 25
Sherman-Denison, Tex......................................... 23,039 23,231 0.8 179 282
Shreveport-Bossier City, La.................................. 22,332 22,990 2.9 185 109
Sioux City, Iowa-Neb......................................... 20,516 21,367 4.1 258 34
Sioux Falls, S.D............................................. 21,184 21,979 3.7 232 52
South Bend, Ind.............................................. 23,681 24,115 1.8 146 223
Spokane, Wash................................................ 22,236 22,828 2.7 194 140
Springfield, Ill............................................. 27,008 27,945 3.5 42 62
Springfield, Mass............................................ 24,942 25,661 2.9 96 109
Springfield, Mo.............................................. 20,782 21,182 1.9 267 213
St. Cloud, Minn.............................................. 20,730 21,255 2.5 264 168
St. Joseph, Mo............................................... 21,229 21,911 3.2 236 83
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill........................................... 26,545 27,391 3.2 48 83
State College, Pa............................................ 23,077 23,641 2.4 165 176
Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va.............................. 24,558 25,254 2.8 109 122
Stockton-Lodi, Calif......................................... 24,049 24,263 0.9 140 277
Sumter, S.C.................................................. 18,345 19,334 5.4 300 5
Syracuse, N.Y................................................ 25,873 26,577 2.7 67 140
Tacoma, Wash................................................. 23,403 23,832 1.8 153 223
Tallahassee, Fla............................................. 21,706 22,275 2.6 223 151
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla......................... 23,300 23,776 2.0 155 208
Terre Haute, Ind............................................. 21,608 21,972 1.7 235 236
Texarkana, Tex.-Texarkana, Ark............................... 20,640 21,169 2.6 268 151
Toledo, Ohio................................................. 25,208 25,919 2.8 87 122
Topeka, Kan.................................................. 23,269 23,912 2.8 150 122
Trenton, N.J................................................. 34,366 35,345 2.9 7 109
Tucson, Ariz................................................. 21,413 22,286 4.1 221 34
Tulsa, Okla.................................................. 24,611 24,800 0.8 120 282
Tuscaloosa, Ala.............................................. 22,951 23,772 3.6 156 56
Tyler, Tex................................................... 23,539 23,729 0.8 160 282
Utica-Rome, N.Y.............................................. 22,549 22,808 1.1 196 267
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, Calif................................ 25,283 26,181 3.5 85 62
Ventura, Calif............................................... 26,567 26,905 1.3 58 259
Victoria, Tex................................................ 20,886 21,553 3.2 249 83
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J............................ 25,812 26,430 2.4 75 176
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, Calif............................ 18,668 18,807 0.7 303 288
Waco, Tex.................................................... 21,070 21,777 3.4 241 67
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va................................ 33,170 33,949 2.3 10 187
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa................................... 23,176 24,181 4.3 143 25
Wausau, Wis.................................................. 22,594 23,313 3.2 176 83
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, Fla.............................. 26,339 26,624 1.1 64 267
Wheeling, W.Va.-Ohio......................................... 20,999 21,494 2.4 252 176
Wichita, Kan................................................. 25,099 25,291 0.8 107 282
Wichita Falls, Tex........................................... 20,380 20,624 1.2 280 265
Williamsport, Pa............................................. 21,737 22,368 2.9 215 109
Wilmington-Newark, Del.-Md................................... 29,232 30,173 3.2 26 83
Wilmington, N.C.............................................. 21,926 22,548 2.8 205 122
Yakima, Wash................................................. 17,816 18,398 3.3 305 75
Yolo, Calif.................................................. 27,187 27,825 2.3 44 187
York, Pa..................................................... 24,454 25,113 2.7 114 140
Youngstown-Warren, Ohio...................................... 23,948 25,025 4.5 116 19
Yuba City, Calif............................................. 20,490 21,145 3.2 270 83
Yuma, Ariz................................................... 17,759 17,996 1.3 306 259
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
as of June 30, 1993. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA)
definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3/ Data are preliminary.
4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those
computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.
Table 2. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Average annual pay Ranking of areas
By percent
Consolidated metropolitan By level of change in
statistical area 2/ Percent average average
change, annual pay annual pay,
1993 1994 3/ 1993-94 4/ for 1994 1993-94
Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas.............$30,858 $31,469 2.0 -- --
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H......... 30,642 31,403 2.5 5 6
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.......................... 30,246 30,887 2.1 6 12
Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind........................... 26,305 26,958 2.5 15 6
Cleveland-Akron, Ohio........................................ 26,729 27,585 3.2 14 2
Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex....................................... 28,569 29,050 1.7 10 14
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo................................. 27,996 28,420 1.5 12 15
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich................................ 31,153 32,789 5.3 3 1
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex.............................. 29,743 30,059 1.1 9 17
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif................... 30,199 30,368 0.6 7 18
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla................................... 25,776 26,245 1.8 18 13
Milwaukee-Racine, Wis........................................ 26,132 26,909 3.0 16 3
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. 35,802 36,357 1.5 1 15
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md...... 29,414 30,120 2.4 8 9
Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash.................................... 25,699 26,427 2.8 17 4
Sacramento-Yolo, Calif....................................... 27,445 28,092 2.4 13 9
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif........................ 33,597 34,476 2.6 2 5
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash............................... 28,159 28,809 2.3 11 11
Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va...................... 31,157 31,922 2.5 4 6
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 30, 1993.
In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA)
definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3/ Data are preliminary.
4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those
computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.