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Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table

1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.

Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average

annual
annual
annual
annual
annual
annual
annual

Technical information:
Media contact:

pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay

for
for
for
for
for
for
for

1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993

and
and
and
and
and
and
and

(202) 606-6567
606-5902

1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994

for
for
for
for
for
for
for

all
all
all
all
all
all
all

covered
covered
covered
covered
covered
covered
covered

workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers

1/
1/
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1/

USDL 95-432
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Friday, October 27, 1995

AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY LEVELS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1994
The average annual pay of employees in metropolitan areas increased
2.1 percent from 1993 to 1994, according to preliminary data for workers
covered by State and Federal Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs released
today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The average annual pay level for the nation's 310 metropolitan areas was
$28,128 in 1994, up from $27,539 in 1993. Average annual pay for the
entire nation, metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas combined, was
$26,939 in 1994. (Average annual pay data by state and industry were
issued on September 19, 1995.)
Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers
subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering
112.6 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed
by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered under UI
programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical
Note beginning on page 3.) Pay differences between areas reflect the
varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of
work, as well as other factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may
reflect shifts in these characteristics, as well as changes in the level of
average pay. Along with pay data for 310 Metropolitan Statistical Areas
and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, table 2 of this release
includes averages and rankings for the 18 areas designated as Consolidated
Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.)
Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
New York, N.Y., led the nation with an average annual pay level of
$39,933 in 1994. (See table 1.) San Jose, Calif., had the second highest
average annual pay level ($39,127), followed by Middlesex-SomersetHunterdon, N.J. ($36,690), San Francisco, Calif. ($36,510), and Newark,
N.J. ($35,910). Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas ranged

by
by
by
by
by
by
by

metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
Consolidated

area
area -- Continued
area -- Continued
area -- Continued
area -- Continued
area -- Continued
Metropolitan

from 28 to 42 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas in the
nation. Of the 310 metropolitan areas, 38 reported average annual pay
levels above the national metropolitan pay average of $28,128, and 28 had
average pay levels in excess of $30,000.
Jacksonville, N.C., recorded the lowest average annual pay level among
metropolitan areas in 1994 ($16,334), followed by Myrtle Beach, S.C.
($17,498), McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. ($17,683), Brownsville-HarlingenSan Benito, Tex. ($17,952), and Yuma, Ariz. ($17,996). Average annual pay
in the five bottom-ranked metropolitan areas averaged 36 to 42 percent
below the national metropolitan pay average. A total of 20 metropolitan
areas reported average annual pay levels below $20,000.
The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1993 to
1994 occurred in Kokomo, Ind. (12.0 percent), followed by Flint, Mich. (8.9
percent), Bloomington-Normal, Ill., and Rockford, Ill. (5.7 percent each),
and Boise City, Idaho, and Sumter, S.C. (5.4 percent each). In 1994, 108
metropolitan areas experienced pay increases of 3.0 percent or greater.
- 2 From 1993 to 1994, average annual pay declined in nine metropolitan
areas. Dutchess County, N.Y., had the largest drop (-2.9 percent),
followed by Fort Walton Beach, Fla. (-1.4 percent), Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa.
(-0.9 percent), San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif. (-0.6
percent), and Burlington, Vt., Jacksonville, Fla., and Odessa-Midland, Tex.
(-0.5 percent each). In addition to the nine areas in which average pay
levels declined, a total of 25 metropolitan areas experienced pay growth
rates of less than 1 percent.
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Average annual pay in the 18 consolidated metropolitan statistical
areas increased by 2.0 percent between 1993 and 1994, from $30,858 to
$31,469. (See table 2.) The New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa., consolidated metropolitan area had the highest pay
level, at $36,357, followed by San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif.
($34,476), Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. ($32,789), Washington-Baltimore,
D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($31,922), and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-LowellBrockton, Mass.-N.H. ($31,403).
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level
of the consolidated metropolitan areas, with an average of $26,245 in 1994.
Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash., was second lowest ($26,427), followed by
Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($26,909), Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.
($26,958), and Cleveland-Akron, Ohio ($27,585).
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich., had the highest percentage increase in
average annual pay between 1993 and 1994 (5.3 percent). The next largest

increases were in Cleveland-Akron, Ohio (3.2 percent), Milwaukee-Racine,
Wis. (3.0 percent), Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (2.8 percent), and San
Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. (2.6 percent).
None of the 18 consolidated metropolitan areas reported a decline in
average annual pay in 1994. The smallest increases occurred in Los
Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif. (0.6 percent), followed by HoustonGalveston-Brazoria, Tex. (1.1 percent), Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo., and
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. (each at 1.5
percent), and Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex. (1.7 percent).
- 3 Technical Note
These data are the product of a Federal-State cooperative program in
which State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) prepare summaries of
employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI)
legislation. The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state
unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay
quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI.
Data for 1994 are preliminary and subject to revision. A news release
providing average annual pay data by state and industry was issued on
September 19, 1995 (USDL 95-376).
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for
federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution
reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly
contribution report, employers who operate multiple establishments within a
state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of
their establishments. Average annual pay data are derived from summaries
of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to
state. In 1994, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 112.6 million
jobs, representing 96.2 percent of wage and salary civilian employment.
Covered workers received $3.034 trillion in pay representing 92.5 percent
of the wage and salary component of personal income and 45.0 percent of the
gross domestic product. About 82 percent of all covered workers were
employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of workers in metropolitan
areas comprised approximately 86 percent of all covered wages in the
United States.
Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1994 included most
agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces,

elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some
domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain
small nonprofit organizations.
Concepts and methodology
Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of
employees covered by unemployment insurance programs by the average monthly
number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are
bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other
gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred
compensation plans such as 401(k) plans. Monthly employment is based on
the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period
including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of
covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers,
corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical
workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included.
Percentage changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1993
data as the base, which may differ from the preliminary data issued last
year.
- 4 Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time
workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying
occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between metropolitan
areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay
data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be
employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one
employer. Year to year changes in average annual pay can result from a
change in the proportion of employment in low and high wage jobs, as well
as from changes in the level of average annual pay.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas
for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions as
needed each June.
Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria
established by OMB under standards published in the Federal Register on
March 30, 1990 (55 FR12154-12160), and definitions issued June 30, 1993
(OMB Bulletin No. 93-17). These standards and definitions reflect
information obtained from the 1990 Decennial Census.
A complete list of
metropolitan area definitions as of June 30, 1993, is available from the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Va., 22161, telephone 703-487-4650 (Accession
Number PB 93-505-824).
Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a freestanding urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are free-standing areas within very
large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer

is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum
of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA).
The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively
designated and referred to as metropolitan areas.
By 1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one
of two ways: (1) If it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or
(2) if it includes a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (of at least
50,000 population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least
100,000 (75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing
the main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties
that have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and
meet other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are
determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may contain
more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines.
An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but
also has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a
CMSA if: (1) Separate component areas can be identified within the entire
area by meeting specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion
indicates there is support for the component areas. If recognized, the
component areas are designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA.
If no PMSAs are recognized, the entire area is an MSA.
- 5 OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in
the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and
towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a
county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas
(NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the
Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives
to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA
for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named
city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities
of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half
its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the
county identified in step 1.
Additional statistics and other information
Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are
available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Washington, DC, 20212, telephone (202) 606-6567. The comprehensive
bulletin, Employment and Wages, features information by detailed industry
on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states.
The bulletin for 1994, which is due to be issued in late 1995, will be
available for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577.

Table 1.

Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

by metropolitan area

Average annual pay
Metropolitan
area 2/
1993
Metropolitan areas......................................$27,539
Abilene, Tex................................................. 19,810
Akron, Ohio.................................................. 25,789
Albany, Ga................................................... 22,688
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y................................. 26,605
Albuquerque, N.M............................................. 23,506
Alexandria, La............................................... 20,030
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa............................... 25,845
Altoona, Pa.................................................. 20,448
Amarillo, Tex................................................ 21,453
Anchorage, Alaska............................................ 33,782
Ann Arbor, Mich.............................................. 27,930
Anniston, Ala................................................ 20,569
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, Wis................................. 24,623
Asheville, N.C............................................... 21,546
Athens, Ga................................................... 21,953
Atlanta, Ga.................................................. 28,351
Atlantic-Cape May, N.J....................................... 25,466
Augusta-Aiken, Ga.-S.C....................................... 24,573
Austin-San Marcos, Tex....................................... 25,009
Bakersfield, Calif........................................... 24,470
Baltimore, Md................................................ 27,239
Bangor, Maine................................................ 21,800
Barnstable-Yarmouth, Mass.................................... 21,868
Baton Rouge, La.............................................. 23,868
Beaumont-Port Arthur, Tex.................................... 25,260
Bellingham, Wash............................................. 20,718
Benton Harbor, Mich.......................................... 24,506
Bergen-Passaic, N.J.......................................... 34,135
Billings, Mont............................................... 22,034
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, Miss............................. 21,682

1994 3/
$28,128
20,320
26,357
23,320
27,231
24,309
20,712
26,602
21,127
22,108
34,098
29,258
21,433
25,381
21,890
22,226
28,674
26,185
24,918
25,618
24,591
27,955
22,335
22,371
24,409
26,397
21,554
24,837
34,675
22,320
22,299

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
2.1
2.6
2.2
2.8
2.4
3.4
3.4
2.9
3.3
3.1
0.9
4.8
4.2
3.1
1.6
1.2
1.1
2.8
1.4
2.4
0.5
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.3
4.5
4.0
1.4
1.6
1.3
2.8

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
annual pay annual pay,
for 1994
1993-94
----283
151
79
196
174
122
50
176
139
67
278
67
65
109
271
75
229
94
9
277
29
11
254
31
105
94
237
241
224
265
35
267
84
122
117
248
98
176
128
290
41
151
217
168
214
187
136
187
78
19
248
40
119
248
8
241
219
259
220
122

Binghamton, N.Y.............................................. 25,548
Birmingham, Ala.............................................. 25,278
Bismarck, N.D................................................ 20,737
Bloomington, Ind............................................. 21,426
Bloomington-Normal, Ill...................................... 26,282
Boise City, Idaho............................................ 23,320
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H......... 30,642
Boulder-Longmont, Colo....................................... 26,215
Brazoria, Tex................................................ 28,453
Bremerton, Wash.............................................. 25,050
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex........................ 17,757
Bryan-College Station, Tex................................... 19,168
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y................................... 25,016
Burlington, Vt............................................... 25,699
Canton-Massillon, Ohio....................................... 23,054
Casper, Wyo.................................................. 22,117
Cedar Rapids, Iowa........................................... 25,057
Champaign-Urbana, Ill........................................ 22,871
Charleston-North Charleston, S.C............................. 21,877
Charleston, W.Va............................................. 24,633
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

25,744
0.8
26,252
3.9
21,317
2.8
21,880
2.1
27,768
5.7
24,571
5.4
31,403
2.5
26,948
2.8
28,941
1.7
25,095
0.2
17,952
1.1
19,255
0.4
25,780
3.1
25,582
-0.5
23,945
3.9
22,152
0.2
25,706
2.6
23,315
1.9
22,175
1.4
25,116
2.0
by metropolitan area --

Average annual pay
Metropolitan
area 2/
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C.......................
Charlottesville, Va..........................................
Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga........................................
Cheyenne, Wyo................................................
Chicago, Ill.................................................
Chico-Paradise, Calif........................................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.....................................
Clarksville-Hopkinsville, Tenn.-Ky...........................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, Ohio................................
Colorado Springs, Colo.......................................
Columbia, Mo.................................................
Columbia, S.C................................................
Columbus, Ga.-Ala............................................
Columbus, Ohio...............................................
Corpus Christi, Tex..........................................
Cumberland, Md.-W.Va.........................................
Dallas, Tex..................................................
Danville, Va.................................................
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Iowa-Ill.......................
Dayton-Springfield, Ohio.....................................
Daytona Beach, Fla...........................................

1993
25,670
23,336
23,150
21,567
30,724
19,845
26,462
19,100
26,987
23,019
21,796
22,486
20,886
25,519
23,202
20,692
29,489
20,752
24,314
25,900
19,397

1994 3/
26,520
23,880
23,744
22,167
31,339
20,380
27,107
19,893
27,927
23,754
22,635
22,902
21,478
26,291
23,660
21,268
30,105
21,191
25,422
26,721
19,910

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
3.3
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.0
2.7
2.4
4.1
3.5
3.2
3.8
1.8
2.8
3.0
2.0
2.8
2.1
2.1
4.6
3.2
2.6

93
82
259
238
45
129
18
57
33
115
307
302
92
99
149
228
95
175
225
113
Continued

282
45
122
201
3
5
168
122
236
297
267
293
94
304
45
297
151
213
248
208

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
annual pay annual pay,
for 1994
1993-94
68
75
151
187
159
151
226
122
19
208
282
140
52
176
293
34
43
62
157
83
200
51
192
223
253
122
81
100
164
208
262
122
27
201
266
201
103
16
60
83
292
151

Decatur, Ala.................................................
Decatur, Ill.................................................
Denver, Colo.................................................
Des Moines, Iowa.............................................
Detroit, Mich................................................
Dothan, Ala..................................................
Dover, Del...................................................
Dubuque, Iowa................................................
Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis...................................
Dutchess County, N.Y.........................................
Eau Claire, Wis..............................................
El Paso, Tex.................................................
Elkhart-Goshen, Ind..........................................
Elmira, N.Y..................................................
Enid, Okla...................................................
Erie, Pa.....................................................
Eugene-Springfield, Ore......................................
Evansville-Henderson, Ind.-Ky................................
Fargo-Moorhead, N.D.-Minn....................................
Fayetteville, N.C............................................
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Ark..........................
Flint, Mich..................................................
Florence, Ala................................................
Florence, S.C................................................
Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo..................................
Fort Lauderdale, Fla.........................................
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Fla...................................
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, Fla..............................
Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla........................................
Table 1.

23,504
26,037
28,607
24,832
31,622
21,593
21,438
22,237
22,000
29,730
20,627
19,854
23,579
22,254
19,339
23,812
22,106
23,552
20,948
20,459
20,970
30,512
21,025
21,338
23,424
25,365
21,472
22,247
20,246

24,133
27,071
28,969
25,509
33,203
22,155
21,710
23,277
22,712
28,860
21,151
20,221
24,690
22,880
19,601
24,518
22,510
23,821
21,401
20,928
21,597
33,219
21,798
21,681
24,221
25,838
21,821
22,277
20,982

Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

2.7
4.0
1.3
2.7
5.0
2.6
1.3
4.7
3.2
-2.9
2.5
1.8
4.7
2.8
1.4
3.0
1.8
1.1
2.2
2.3
3.0
8.9
3.7
1.6
3.4
1.9
1.6
0.1
3.6

19,600
24,053
26,334
21,252
21,527
21,151
24,372
25,570
22,971
19,233
18,828
25,424
20,053

140
40
259
140
8
151
259
14
83
310
168
223
14
122
248
100
223
267
196
187
100
2
52
241
67
213
241
300
56

by metropolitan area -- Continued

Average annual pay
Metropolitan
area 2/
Fort Walton Beach, Fla.......................................
Fort Wayne, Ind..............................................
Fort Worth-Arlington, Tex....................................
Fresno, Calif................................................
Gadsden, Ala.................................................
Gainesville, Fla.............................................
Galveston-Texas City, Tex....................................
Gary, Ind....................................................
Glens Falls, N.Y.............................................
Goldsboro, N.C...............................................
Grand Forks, N.D.-Minn.......................................
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Mich..........................
Great Falls, Mont............................................

144
53
32
101
13
227
244
178
197
34
269
288
125
193
295
130
206
154
255
274
246
12
240
245
141
89
239
222
273

19,333
24,774
26,463
21,253
22,609
21,314
25,178
26,671
23,204
19,445
19,418
26,431
19,985

Percent
-1.4
3.0
0.5
0.0
5.0
0.8
3.3
4.3
1.0
1.1
3.1
4.0
-0.3

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
301
309
121
100
73
290
265
301
201
8
260
282
112
75
62
25
180
274
298
267
299
94
74
40
291
303

Greeley, Colo................................................
Green Bay, Wis...............................................
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C.....................
Greenville, N.C..............................................
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, S.C.........................
Hagerstown, Md...............................................
Hamilton-Middletown, Ohio....................................
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pa..............................
Hartford, Conn...............................................
Hickory-Morganton, N.C.......................................
Honolulu, Hawaii.............................................
Houma, La....................................................
Houston, Tex.................................................
Huntington-Ashland, W.Va.-Ky.-Ohio...........................
Huntsville, Ala..............................................
Indianapolis, Ind............................................
Iowa City, Iowa..............................................
Jackson, Mich................................................
Jackson, Miss................................................
Jackson, Tenn................................................
Jacksonville, Fla............................................
Jacksonville, N.C............................................
Jamestown, N.Y...............................................
Janesville-Beloit, Wis.......................................
Jersey City, N.J.............................................
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, Tenn.-Va.....................
Johnstown, Pa................................................
Joplin, Mo...................................................
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Mich.................................
Kankakee, Ill................................................
Kansas City, Mo.-Kan.........................................
Kenosha, Wis.................................................
Killeen-Temple, Tex..........................................
Knoxville, Tenn..............................................
Kokomo, Ind..................................................
LaCrosse, Wis.-Minn..........................................
Lafayette, Ind...............................................
Table 1.

22,181
24,552
23,500
22,033
22,850
21,962
25,085
25,296
32,555
20,539
27,253
21,981
30,069
22,767
29,243
26,587
23,510
25,301
22,142
22,030
24,443
15,920
21,340
24,640
32,815
22,288
20,143
19,279
25,854
22,616
25,873
23,391
20,302
23,024
29,672
20,938
23,624

22,929
25,289
24,189
22,450
23,498
22,983
25,804
25,982
33,172
21,384
27,736
22,431
30,349
23,368
30,389
27,437
24,131
26,414
23,030
22,591
24,324
16,334
22,051
25,812
33,012
22,648
20,644
20,294
26,517
22,980
26,585
24,001
20,850
23,711
33,231
21,518
24,487

Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

3.4
3.0
2.9
1.9
2.8
4.6
2.9
2.7
1.9
4.1
1.8
2.1
0.9
2.6
3.9
3.2
2.6
4.4
4.0
2.5
-0.5
2.6
3.3
4.8
0.6
1.6
2.5
5.3
2.6
1.6
2.8
2.6
2.7
3.0
12.0
2.8
3.7

67
100
109
213
122
16
109
140
213
34
223
201
277
151
45
83
151
23
40
168
304
151
75
11
289
241
168
7
151
241
122
151
140
100
1
122
52

by metropolitan area -- Continued

Average annual pay
Metropolitan
area 2/
1993
Lafayette, La................................................ 21,283
Lake Charles, La............................................. 24,229

190
108
142
207
168
187
91
86
14
256
46
208
23
172
22
47
145
76
183
203
138
310
231
90
15
199
279
284
69
188
66
148
275
161
11
251
132

1994 3/
21,974
24,741

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
3.2
2.1

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
annual pay annual pay,
for 1994
1993-94
234
83
123
201

Lakeland-Winter Haven, Fla...................................
Lancaster, Pa................................................
Lansing-East Lansing, Mich...................................
Laredo, Tex..................................................
Las Cruces, N.M..............................................
Las Vegas, Nev.-Ariz.........................................
Lawrence, Kan................................................
Lawton, Okla.................................................
Lewiston-Auburn, Maine.......................................
Lexington, Ky................................................
Lima, Ohio...................................................
Lincoln, Neb.................................................
Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark...........................
Longview-Marshall, Tex.......................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif................................
Louisville, Ky.-Ind..........................................
Lubbock, Tex.................................................
Lynchburg, Va................................................
Macon, Ga....................................................
Madison, Wis.................................................
Mansfield, Ohio..............................................
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex................................
Medford-Ashland, Ore.........................................
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Fla...........................
Memphis, Tenn.-Ark.-Miss.....................................
Merced, Calif................................................
Miami, Fla...................................................
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J............................
Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wis......................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis..............................
Mobile, Ala..................................................
Modesto, Calif...............................................
Monmouth-Ocean, N.J..........................................
Monroe, La...................................................
Montgomery, Ala..............................................
Muncie, Ind..................................................
Myrtle Beach, S.C............................................
Naples, Fla..................................................
Nashville, Tenn..............................................
Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y..........................................
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn........
New London-Norwich, Conn.....................................
New Orleans, La..............................................
New York, N.Y................................................
Newark, N.J..................................................
Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa............................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, Va.-N.C.................
Oakland, Calif...............................................

21,609
24,233
26,848
18,082
19,348
25,152
19,765
19,478
20,438
23,130
23,372
21,820
23,184
21,992
31,760
24,101
20,690
21,958
23,347
24,927
22,221
17,173
20,996
26,104
25,107
19,722
26,026
35,597
26,204
28,343
22,045
22,725
28,048
21,162
22,028
22,843
17,012
20,672
25,037
30,226
35,058
28,630
24,277
39,381
35,132
24,739
22,337
31,701

22,378
24,838
28,024
18,730
19,451
25,247
20,287
20,268
20,809
23,510
24,348
22,564
23,678
22,397
31,831
24,627
21,259
22,340
23,330
25,432
22,908
17,683
21,541
26,334
25,840
20,007
26,493
36,690
26,958
29,093
22,687
23,037
28,338
21,978
22,984
23,671
17,498
21,564
26,200
30,765
35,535
30,015
24,747
39,933
35,910
24,507
22,977
32,157

3.6
2.5
4.4
3.6
0.5
0.4
2.6
4.1
1.8
1.6
4.2
3.4
2.1
1.8
0.2
2.2
2.8
1.7
-0.1
2.0
3.1
3.0
2.6
0.9
2.9
1.4
1.8
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.9
1.4
1.0
3.9
4.3
3.6
2.9
4.3
4.6
1.8
1.4
4.8
1.9
1.4
2.2
-0.9
2.9
1.4

213
118
40
304
297
110
286
287
276
167
137
204
162
212
17
127
263
216
173
102
191
308
250
80
88
290
70
3
56
30
198
182
37
233
186
163
309
247
83
20
6
28
122
1
5
131
189
16

56
168
23
56
290
293
151
34
223
241
31
67
201
223
297
196
122
236
302
208
94
100
151
277
109
248
223
94
109
151
109
248
274
45
25
56
109
25
16
223
248
11
213
248
196
308
109
248

Table 1.

Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

by metropolitan area -- Continued

Average annual pay
Metropolitan
area 2/
Ocala, Fla...................................................
Odessa-Midland, Tex..........................................
Oklahoma City, Okla..........................................
Olympia, Wash................................................
Omaha, Neb.-Iowa.............................................
Orange County, Calif.........................................
Orlando, Fla.................................................
Owensboro, Ky................................................
Panama City, Fla.............................................
Parkersburg-Marietta, W.Va.-Ohio.............................
Pensacola, Fla...............................................
Peoria-Pekin, Ill............................................
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J........................................
Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz...........................................
Pine Bluff, Ark..............................................
Pittsburgh, Pa...............................................
Pittsfield, Mass.............................................
Portland, Maine..............................................
Portland-Vancouver, Ore.-Wash................................
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R.I............................
Provo-Orem, Utah.............................................
Pueblo, Colo.................................................
Punta Gorda, Fla.............................................
Racine, Wis..................................................
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C..............................
Rapid City, S.D..............................................
Reading, Pa..................................................
Redding, Calif...............................................
Reno, Nev....................................................
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, Wash...............................
Richmond-Petersburg, Va......................................
Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif..............................
Roanoke, Va..................................................
Rochester, Minn..............................................
Rochester, N.Y...............................................
Rockford, Ill................................................
Rocky Mount, N.C.............................................
Sacramento, Calif............................................
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Mich...............................
Salem, Ore...................................................

1993
19,531
24,857
23,048
24,878
22,986
29,916
23,187
20,584
19,353
22,791
21,789
25,924
29,839
24,916
21,035
26,478
24,223
24,106
26,360
24,927
20,922
20,455
19,560
25,420
26,058
18,820
25,610
22,993
25,025
25,673
25,987
24,062
22,723
27,625
27,645
25,058
20,992
27,476
27,686
21,566

1994 3/
20,288
24,722
23,298
25,300
23,748
30,315
23,632
20,784
19,865
23,475
22,084
27,006
30,519
25,738
21,740
27,121
24,658
24,455
27,065
25,515
21,377
21,068
20,049
26,410
26,666
19,584
26,705
23,431
25,632
26,835
26,485
24,477
22,824
28,524
28,299
26,488
21,768
28,125
29,080
22,419

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
3.9
-0.5
1.1
1.7
3.3
1.3
1.9
1.0
2.6
3.0
1.4
4.2
2.3
3.3
3.4
2.4
1.8
1.4
2.7
2.4
2.2
3.0
2.5
3.9
2.3
4.1
4.3
1.9
2.4
4.5
1.9
1.7
0.4
3.3
2.4
5.7
3.7
2.4
5.0
4.0

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
annual pay annual pay,
for 1994
1993-94
285
45
124
304
177
267
106
236
158
75
24
259
166
213
277
274
294
151
169
100
230
248
55
31
21
187
94
75
243
67
51
176
126
223
134
248
54
140
100
176
257
196
272
100
289
168
77
45
63
187
296
34
61
25
171
213
97
176
59
19
72
213
133
236
195
293
36
75
38
176
71
3
242
52
39
176
31
8
210
40

Salinas, Calif...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah...................................
San Angelo, Tex..............................................
San Antonio, Tex.............................................
San Diego, Calif.............................................
San Francisco, Calif.........................................
San Jose, Calif..............................................
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif................
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Calif......................
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Calif................................
Table 1.

22,441
23,221
20,176
22,576
26,531
35,278
38,040
22,462
25,299
23,582

23,462
23,839
20,543
23,016
27,261
36,510
39,127
22,327
25,390
24,068

Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/

4.5
2.7
1.8
1.9
2.8
3.5
2.9
-0.6
0.4
2.1

Metropolitan
area 2/
1993
21,811
24,658
21,101
22,742
21,681
29,399
21,658
23,396
23,039
22,332
20,516
21,184
23,681
22,236
27,008
24,942
20,782
20,730
21,229
26,545
23,077
24,558
24,049
18,345
25,873
23,403
21,706
23,300
21,608

19
140
223
213
122
62
109
307
293
201

by metropolitan area -- Continued

Average annual pay

Santa Fe, N.M................................................
Santa Rosa, Calif............................................
Sarasota-Bradenton, Fla......................................
Savannah, Ga.................................................
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, Pa...........................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash...............................
Sharon, Pa...................................................
Sheboygan, Wis...............................................
Sherman-Denison, Tex.........................................
Shreveport-Bossier City, La..................................
Sioux City, Iowa-Neb.........................................
Sioux Falls, S.D.............................................
South Bend, Ind..............................................
Spokane, Wash................................................
Springfield, Ill.............................................
Springfield, Mass............................................
Springfield, Mo..............................................
St. Cloud, Minn..............................................
St. Joseph, Mo...............................................
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill...........................................
State College, Pa............................................
Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va..............................
Stockton-Lodi, Calif.........................................
Sumter, S.C..................................................
Syracuse, N.Y................................................
Tacoma, Wash.................................................
Tallahassee, Fla.............................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla.........................
Terre Haute, Ind.............................................

170
152
281
184
49
4
2
218
104
147

1994 3/
22,596
25,232
21,287
23,146
22,430
30,181
22,403
24,411
23,231
22,990
21,367
21,979
24,115
22,828
27,945
25,661
21,182
21,255
21,911
27,391
23,641
25,254
24,263
19,334
26,577
23,832
22,275
23,776
21,972

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
3.6
2.3
0.9
1.8
3.5
2.7
3.4
4.3
0.8
2.9
4.1
3.7
1.8
2.7
3.5
2.9
1.9
2.5
3.2
3.2
2.4
2.8
0.9
5.4
2.7
1.8
2.6
2.0
1.7

Ranking of areas
By percent
By level of change in
average
average
annual pay annual pay,
for 1994
1993-94
202
56
111
187
261
277
181
223
209
62
25
140
211
67
135
25
179
282
185
109
258
34
232
52
146
223
194
140
42
62
96
109
267
213
264
168
236
83
48
83
165
176
109
122
140
277
300
5
67
140
153
223
223
151
155
208
235
236

Texarkana, Tex.-Texarkana, Ark...............................
Toledo, Ohio.................................................
Topeka, Kan..................................................
Trenton, N.J.................................................
Tucson, Ariz.................................................
Tulsa, Okla..................................................
Tuscaloosa, Ala..............................................
Tyler, Tex...................................................
Utica-Rome, N.Y..............................................
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, Calif................................
Ventura, Calif...............................................
Victoria, Tex................................................
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J............................
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, Calif............................
Waco, Tex....................................................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va................................
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa...................................
Wausau, Wis..................................................
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, Fla..............................
Wheeling, W.Va.-Ohio.........................................
Wichita, Kan.................................................
Wichita Falls, Tex...........................................
Williamsport, Pa.............................................
Wilmington-Newark, Del.-Md...................................
Wilmington, N.C..............................................
Yakima, Wash.................................................
Yolo, Calif..................................................
York, Pa.....................................................
Youngstown-Warren, Ohio......................................
Yuba City, Calif.............................................
Yuma, Ariz...................................................

20,640
25,208
23,269
34,366
21,413
24,611
22,951
23,539
22,549
25,283
26,567
20,886
25,812
18,668
21,070
33,170
23,176
22,594
26,339
20,999
25,099
20,380
21,737
29,232
21,926
17,816
27,187
24,454
23,948
20,490
17,759

21,169
25,919
23,912
35,345
22,286
24,800
23,772
23,729
22,808
26,181
26,905
21,553
26,430
18,807
21,777
33,949
24,181
23,313
26,624
21,494
25,291
20,624
22,368
30,173
22,548
18,398
27,825
25,113
25,025
21,145
17,996

2.6
2.8
2.8
2.9
4.1
0.8
3.6
0.8
1.1
3.5
1.3
3.2
2.4
0.7
3.4
2.3
4.3
3.2
1.1
2.4
0.8
1.2
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.3
2.3
2.7
4.5
3.2
1.3

268
87
150
7
221
120
156
160
196
85
58
249
75
303
241
10
143
176
64
252
107
280
215
26
205
305
44
114
116
270
306

151
122
122
109
34
282
56
282
267
62
259
83
176
288
67
187
25
83
267
176
282
265
109
83
122
75
187
140
19
83
259

1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
as of June 30, 1993. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA)
definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3/ Data are preliminary.
4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those
computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.

Table 2. Average annual pay for 1993 and 1994 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Average annual pay
Ranking of areas
By percent
Consolidated metropolitan
By level of change in

statistical area 2/
1993
Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas.............$30,858
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H......... 30,642
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.......................... 30,246
Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind........................... 26,305
Cleveland-Akron, Ohio........................................ 26,729
Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex....................................... 28,569
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo................................. 27,996
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich................................ 31,153
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex.............................. 29,743
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif................... 30,199
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla................................... 25,776
Milwaukee-Racine, Wis........................................ 26,132
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa. 35,802
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md...... 29,414
Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash.................................... 25,699
Sacramento-Yolo, Calif....................................... 27,445
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif........................ 33,597
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash............................... 28,159
Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va...................... 31,157

1994 3/
$31,469
31,403
30,887
26,958
27,585
29,050
28,420
32,789
30,059
30,368
26,245
26,909
36,357
30,120
26,427
28,092
34,476
28,809
31,922

Percent
change,
1993-94 4/
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.5
3.2
1.7
1.5
5.3
1.1
0.6
1.8
3.0
1.5
2.4
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5

average
annual pay
for 1994
-5
6
15
14
10
12
3
9
7
18
16
1
8
17
13
2
11
4

1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 30, 1993.
In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA)
definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3/ Data are preliminary.
4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those
computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.

average
annual pay,
1993-94
-6
12
6
2
14
15
1
17
18
13
3
15
9
4
9
5
11
6