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Work Stoppages,
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
March 1982
Bulletin 2120




a y t° n & .
PuW b J,rrc&

fa r y 'y Co.

Analysis ©f
Work Stoppages, 1980
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
March 1982
Bulletin 2120




For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $5.00

I




This bulletin, an annual feature of the Bureau of La­
bor Statistics since 1941, provides a detailed statistical
presentation of work stoppages in 1980.
Preliminary estimates of the level of strike (or lock­
out) activity for the United States as a whole are issued
about 30 days after the end of the month of reference
and are available on request. Preliminary estimates for
the entire year are available at year end; selected final
tabulations are issued in the summer of the following
year. The methods used to prepare work stoppage
statistics are described in the appendix.




iii

The Bureau wishes to acknowledge the cooperation of
employers and employer associations, labor unions, the
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and
various State agencies.
The bulletin was prepared by Jane S. Gelman in the
Division of Developments in Labor-Management Rela­
tions, Office of Wages and Industrial Relations.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced
without permission.




Page

Work stoppages:
Summary.............................................................................................................................................
Duration .............................................................................................................................................
Size......................................................................................................................................................
Monthly p a tte rn .................................................................................................................................
Major issu e .........................................................................................................................................
Contract sta tu s...................................................................................................................................
Union affiliation................................................................................................................................
Industry...............................................................................................................................................
Occupation.........................................................................................................................................
Location...............................................................................................................................................
Settlement...................................................
Impasse procedures ............................................................................................................................

1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
6
6
7

Text tables:
1. Proportion of work stoppages lasting 1 day and more than 2 weeks, 1970-80 ..........................
2. Stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, 1970-80 ...............................................................
3. Stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more by industry group and major issue 1980 ............
4. Work stoppages involving plant administration and in mining, 1970-80 ..................................
5. Percent of stoppages by contract status, selected periods, 1960-80............................................

1
2
3
3
4

Charts:
1. Number of work stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-80 .......................................
2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-80 .................
3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-80...........................................

5
5
6

Tables:
Work stoppages:
1. In the United States, 1927-80 .................................................................................. . ...................
2. By year and month, 1979 and 1980 ..............................................................................................
3. By size and duration, 1980 ...........................................................................................................
4. Involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927-80 ................................................................................
5. Beginning in 1980, involving 10,000 workers or more.................................................................
6. By industry group and size, 1980 .................................................................................................
7. By affiliation of unions involved, 1980........................................................................................
8. By contract status and size, 1980 .................................................................................................
9. By industry group and contract status, 1980 ..............................................................................
10. By contract status and major issue, 1980 .................................. .................................................
11. By major issue, 1980 ....................................................................................................................
12. By industry group and major issue, 1980 ...................................................................................
13. By major issue and size, 1980.......................................................................................................
14. By industry, 1980..........................................................................................................................
15. By industry group and occupation, 1980 ....................................................................................
16. By major issue and level of government, 1980 ............................................................................

8
9
10
12
13
16
19
20
21
23
24
26
30
31
40
43




v

C o n te n ts — 0®!nitony®d

Page
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

In government by major issue and union participation, 1980......................................................
By occupation and level of government, 1980 ............................................................................
By government level and function and occupation, 1980 ...........................................................
In government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980 .......................................................
By State, 1980 ..............................................................................................................................
By State and occroation, 1980.....................................................................................................
In States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980 ...........................................................
By State and metropolitan area, 1980 ..........................................................................................
By industry group and duration, 1980..........................................................................................
By major issue and duration, 1980 .............................................................................................
By contract status and duration, 1980..........................................................................................
By contract status and mediation, 1980 ......................................................................................
By contract status and type of settlement, 1980 ..........................................................................
By major issue and type of settlement, 1980................................................................................
By industry group and type of settlement, 1980..........................................................................
By contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 1980........................................

44
45
47
53
59
60
63
73
76
79
80
81
82
83
84
87

Appendix:
Scope, definitions, and methods....................................................................................................... 88




vi

Analysis of Work
Stoppages, 1980

Summary

sues (34 percent). The majority of strikes lasting longer
than 1 day occurred when an agreement was being
renegotiated and concerned economic issues (tables 26
and 27). A large proportion of the disputes lasting 90
days or more were relatively small, involving fewer
than 100 workers each (table 3).

Most work stoppage measures declined significantly
in 1980. The number of stoppages (3,885) fell by 20
percent from 1979 as did the number of workers in­
volved (1.4 million) (table 1). Despite these sharp drops,
total days of idleness declined by only 4 percent, to
33.3 million, because the proportion of workers involved
in long strikes (at least 90 days) increased. The levels
of strikes and workers involved were the lowest since
the early sixties. The number of days of idleness was
the lowest since 1975. Idleness as a proportion of esti­
mated working time was the lowest since 1973. This is
explained by the lower levels of workers on strike, days
'idle, and percent of total employed workers partici­
pating in strikes in 1980 compared to recent years.1
By contrast, idleness per worker involved, at 24 days,
was the highest since 1959 when it was 37 days. The
high level of days idle per worker was due, in part, to
the sharp increase in the proportion of workers involved
in strikes lasting 90 days or more—from 5.4 percent in
1979 to 14.0 percent in 1980.

Size

Following the usual pattern, three-fourths of all
strikes involved fewer than 250 workers, but about
three-fifths of the idleness and worker participation oc­
curred in strikes of at least 1,000 workers (table 6).
Fourteen stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more
began in 1980, accounting for 12 million days of idle­
ness, compared to 11 stoppages and 9 million days of
idleness in 1979 (table 4). Fewer workers were involved
in these major stoppages in 1980, however, than in any
year since 1965, primarily because none of the 1980
major stoppages was exceptionally large. Although in
most years there has been at least one strike involving
over 100,000 workers, in 1980, the largest—in the pe­
troleum refining industry—involved 63,100 workers.
This petroleum strike also lasted the longest of the
major stoppages (186 days), thus accounting for 3.7 mil­
lion days of idleness (table 5). Next in length was a
strike of 27,000 copper workers lasting 146 days and
accounting for 1.9 million days of idleness. Between

Ourati@n

Strikes lasted longer, on the average, in 1980 than in
any earlier year. The mean duration of strikes rose to
35.4 days in 1980, the highest since 1927 when these
data were first collected. The median duration of these
stoppages also set a record at 18 days. The averages
' reflect the trend toward increasingly longer strikes (text
table 1).
Stoppages lasting at least 30 days accounted for only
' one-third of all strikes ending in 1980 but for four-fifths
of the idleness. Of the 1,360 strikes that lasted 30 days
or more, three-fifths occurred in manufacturing indus­
tries, notably nonelectrical machinery (139 strikes), fab­
ricated metal products (136 strikes), and primary metal
industries (76 strikes)(table 25). Three-fifths of the
shorter (less than 30 days) strikes occurred in nonman­
ufacturing industries. The majority of strikes settled in
1 day occurred during the term of an agreement (61
percent) and arose largely over plant administration is­

T@xt table 1. Proportion of work stoppages lasting 1 day and
more than 2 weeks, 1970-80

Year

Stoppages
Stoppages
lasting more
lasting 1 day
than 2 weeks

1970
1971
1972
19 73
1 9 74

1

......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . ____

100.0
10 0.0
1 0 0.0
10 0.0
10 0.0

13.1
13.1
15.6
15.7
13.6

43 .5
43 .9
37.6
39.2
46.6

1 9 75
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980

1See appendix table 1 for an explanation of the calculation o f the
rate.




All stoppage

......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................

10 0.0
10 0.0
10 0.0
10 0 .0
10 0 .0
1 0 0.0

18.7
19.7
13.2
9 .0
9 .8
8.2

4 3 .0
42.7
48.1
53.2
51 .5
55 .3

Text table 2. Stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more,

Major issue

1970-80

Approximately 70 percent of strikes in 1980 centered
on economic issues, primarily general wage changes, as
in 1979 (table 11). The proportion of striking workers
involved in these stoppages declined slightly, from 69
percent to 67 percent. Days lost, however, dropped
from 80 percent to 74 percent of the total, because of
steep declines in time lost due to general wage disputes
in three industries: Nonelectrical machinery (down 2.9
million days), transportation and communication (down
3.4 million days), and government (down 945,000 days)
(table 12).
Strikes over plant administration were second most
numerous, accounting for 10 percent of all strikes in
1980, 3 percentage points less than in 1979. These walk­
outs, most prevalent in mining, have shown a fairly
steady decline since the mid-1970’s, reflecting the de­
cline in coal mining disputes (text table 4). Most of the
idleness from plant administration disputes in 1980 re­
sulted from the multiplant walkout by the United Auto
Workers at the International Harvester Company which
began in November 1979 and continued until April 1980.
Union organization and security, job security, and
other contractual matters each accounted for 5 percent
of all strikes. Job security was the most common non­
economic cause of stoppages involving at least 10,000
workers (text table 3 and table 13). Five strikes occurred
in this category, two in government (Philadelphia and
Chicago teachers), two in construction, and one in re­
tail trade (grocery stores). More workers were idled
and more days were lost in disputes over job security
than over any other noneconomic issue. Disputes over
interunion or intraunion matters remained at a low of
2 percent from 1978 through 1980, reflecting the in­
creased resolution of interunion differences through
mergers and other peaceful means.3
Strikes in the government sector followed the same
pattern as those in the economy as a whole, arising most
frequently over economic issues (77 percent) and plant
administration (8 percent)(table 16). Job security issues
also played a significant role, accounting for 24 percent
of the government workers involved and 29 percent of
the idleness. Data on major issues in government work
stoppages by union participation are included in table
17.

During renegotiation of
agreement
Year

All major work
stoppages
Number

Percent of all
major work
stoppages

................................
................................
................................
................................
................................

34
29
18
25
27

25
23
12
21
24

73.5
79.3
66.7
84.0
88.9

1975 ................................
1976 ................................
1977 ................................
1978 ................................
1979 ................................
1980.................................

20
23
18
11
11
14

15
18
13
8
9
12

75.0
78.3
72.2
72.7
81.8
85.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

May and July, six major stoppages occurred in the con­
struction industry, five in California and one in New
York, involving 155,000 workers in all and accounting
for 1.4 million days of idleness.
Since most stoppages occur during the renegotiation
of agreements, variations in major stoppage activity
tend to correspond to the bargaining cycle for contracts
covering 1,000 workers or more (text table 2 and table
8). Bargaining was relatively heavy for such contracts
in 1980 and 1979, with 3.8 and 3.7 million workers, re­
spectively, covered by contracts expiring or reopening
in the year. In 1978, about 2 million workers were cov­
ered.2 Accordingly, idleness due to major strikes
amounted to a considerably larger proportion of esti­
mated total working time in 1980 (0.05 percent) and
1979 (0.04 percent) than in 1978 (0.02 percent) (table
4).

pattern
The monthly pattern of stoppages was different in
1980 than in 1979 (table 2). In 1980, more strikes began
in September than in any other month, principally be­
cause of stoppages by teachers. However, the number
of striking workers and idleness peaked in July (as op­
posed to April in 1979) when 27,000 copper workers,
25,000 actors and musicians, and 65,000 construction
workers went on strike. Workers on strike and idleness
were also high in January compared to 1979 and most
earlier years because of major strikes by oil workers,
grocery clerks, and teachers. On the other hand, fewer
stoppages were in effect in the first 2 months and the
last 2 months than in other months of the year, in keep­
ing with seasonal patterns.

Contract status

The proportion of all strikes occurring at expiration
or reopening of a contract has climbed steadily since
1960, when data on contract status were first tabulated
(text table 5). In 1980, these renegotiation disputes ac­
counted for 67 percent of all strikes and involved 78
percent of workers on strike and 89 percent of the idle-

2Bargaining Calendar, 1980, Bulletin 2059 (Bureau of Labor Statis­
tics, 1980), p. 1, and Bargaining Calendar, 1979, Bulletin 2024 (Bu­
reau o f Labor Statistics, 1979), p. 1.




3Directory o f National Unions and Employee Associations, 1979, Bul­
letin 2079 (Bureau o f Labor Statistics, 1980), pp. 53-54.
2

Text table 3. Stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more by industry group and major issue, 1980
(W orkers and days idle in thousands)

All industries

2

Stoppages

. . . 6.

Workers
involved

Days
idle3

Stoppages

Workers
involved

Stoppages

Days
idle

3 8 8.6

12 ,2 5 6 .3

7

2 3 1 .3

7 ,6 6 5 .8

2

71.1

6 ,6 6 5 .8

2

71.1

63.1

3,6 62.1

1

63.1

753.7

1

8.1

12 2 .0

Stoppages

1 ,9 36.4

Days
idle3

Workers
involved

2

3 3 .3

2,654.1

3,662.1

8.1

5

Workers
involved

Days
idle

4 ,2 3 0 .3

1

„„„ „

14

1

Manufacturing

2

Plant adm inistration

Job security

Econom ic1

A ll issues
Industry group

568.2

2 ,4 3 5 .5

Petroleum
Primary metal
Fabricated metal
products ...........
Nonelectrical
m achinery . . . .
Transportation
equipm ent . . . .
2
N onm anufacturing. .
Building
construction . . .
Transportation . .
Wholesale and
retail trades . . .
Governm ent . . . .

185.6

18.5

18.5
1,1 0 2 .6

1,1 0 2 .6
1 ,1 28.8

1,1 2 8 .8

13
1

3 1 5 .5
18.5

5 ,5 9 0 .5
1,357.1

6
1

1 6 0.2
18.5

3 ,4 3 5 .5
1,357.1

5

12 2.0

1 ,9 36.4

2

3 3 .3

2 1 8 .6

6
1

1 5 5 .0
2 3 .3

1,4 3 0 .0
2 3 .3

3

8 5 .0

4 7 5 .0

2

6 0 .0

9 2 5 .0

1
1

10.0
2 3 .3

3 0 .0
2 3 .3

1
1
3

15.0
2 5 .0
78.7

55 0.9
1 ,4 00.8
8 2 8 .4

1

15.0

4 3 6 .4

1
1

2 5 .0
31.7

1 ,3 5 0 .0
2 5 3 .4

2

4 7 .0

5 7 5 .0

114.5
5 0 .8

1 Economic issues are defined as general wage changes, supplemen­
tary benefits, wage adjustments, and hours of work.
The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group may
not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages oc­

curring in 2 groups or more are counted in each. Workers and days Idle
are allocated among the respective groups.
3 Includes idleness occurring in the year as the result of a multi­
industry strike at the International Harvester Co. which began in 1979.

ness (table 10). Economic issues accounted for a dis­
proportionately large share of these strikes, 87 percent,
compared to 71 percent for all strikes (table 11).
Stoppages occurring during the term of an agreement
were the second largest category of work stoppages
(13 percent), followed by strikes occurring during ne­
gotiation of a first agreement or union recognition at­
tempts (9 percent). More than half of the strikes that
took place while a contract was in effect were due to
disagreements over plant administration rules, largely
in the mining industry, where 44 percent of all plant
administration strikes occurred. Union organization and
security issues accounted for 36 percent of strikes that
occurred during negotiation of a first agreement, com­
pared with 5 percent for all strikes.
Initial contract disputes occurred most frequently in
four nonmanufacturing industries: Government (56
strikes), services (53 strikes), wholesale and retail trade
(44 strikes), and the transportation and communication
industry (38 strikes). However, contract construction,
with 13 strikes, underwent the most idleness in this cat­
egory, 683,000 days.
In 1980, as in 1979, 3 percent of all disputes occurred
at establishments having no agreement, most often in
government. Two-thirds of these disputes involved
fewer than 100 workers (table 8).

were called by unions affiliated with AFL-CIO (ta­
ble 7). These stoppages accounted for about 70 percent
of the workers involved in strikes and days lost, sub­
stantially more than the 51 percent of workers involved
and 60 percent of days lost in 1979. The strikes by
AFL-CIO affiliates resulted in 23.7 million days of idle­
ness, more than in any year since 1974, when strikes by
affiliates accounted for 33.9 million days.
Unaffiliated unions, which included the United Auto
Workers, the United Mine Workers, and the Teamsters,

2

Text tab le 4. W ork stoppages Involving plant administration
issues and In m ining, 1970-80

Year

Stoppages in mining
Percent in­
Num ber of volving plant
stoppages administra­
tio n issues

1970
1971
1972
19 73
19 74

Nearly 60 percent of the strikes in 1980, as in 1979,
3

......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................
......................................

921
90 5
1 ,1 70
1,216
1,1 20

544
657
1,000
1,079
1,0 50

58
60
63
70
68

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980

Union affiliation



Stoppages
involving
plant
administra­
tio n
issues

......................................
......................................
.....................................
......................... ............
.................... .............. .
......................................

1,142
1 ,2 90
1,002
506
616
383

1,165
1,425
999
275
441
297

74
70
69
63
67
56

trical machinery (140 strikes), down 28 percent; non­
electrical machinery (280 strikes), down 11 percent; and
food (155 strikes), down 13 percent. Workers involved
in these strikes and idleness also declined significantly
(table 14). In contrast, large increases occurred because
of a major strike in petroleum refining, where there was
heavy bargaining. There were 65,000 workers involved
and 3.8 million days of idleness in strikes in petroleum
refining, compared to 12,000 workers and 260,000 days
in 1979. Idleness as a proportion of total working time
rose to 7.28 percent in petroleum refining, far higher
than in any other industry and the highest in the 195080 period for petroleum. There were also comparatively
high levels of workers on strike and idleness in non­
electrical machinery (62,000 workers and 2.8 million
days idle), although these were below levels in 1979
when several major stoppages occurred in farm
machinery.

Text table 5. Percent of stoppages by contract status, selected
periods, 1960-30
Co ntract
statu s

Negotiation of
first agreement
or union
recognition. . . .
Renegotiation of
agreement . . . .
During term o f
agreement..........
No contract or
other contract
status ...............
No inform ation
on contract
status ...............

1 9 6 0 -6 4

1965-69

1970-74

16

15

12

9

9

44

48

51

59

67

31

34

33

26

13

2

2

2

2

3

7

(1)

2

4

8

1975-79

1980

1 Less than 0.5 percent.

accounted for another 31 percent of the stoppages and
20 percent of the workers and idleness, a drop in work­
ers of 18 percentage points and in idleness of 10 per­
centage points.
Strikes by members of professional employee associ­
ations continued to increase. Most of the 2.8 million
professional employee association members are govern­
ment employees; more than half of this number are
teachers belonging to the National Education Associa­
tion.4 The 289 strikes by association members in 1980
represented 7.4 percent of all work stoppages, the high­
est proportion ever recorded.
Strike-related idleness by single-firm unions reached
382,000 days in 1980, 101,000 more than in 1979. How­
ever, the number of these strikes dropped from 74 to
58 and workers involved dropped from 19,000 to 15,000.

Nonmanufacturing. Three industries accounted for 67
percent of the strike-related idleness in nonmanufactur­
ing: Contract construction (4.8 million days idle), serv­
ices (3.8 million), and government (2.3 million). Strike
activity in contract construction reflected the intensive
collective bargaining in the industry in 1980. With six
major strikes, idleness increased by 3.1 million days over
1979 and amounted to 0.43 percent of working time,
the highest rate since 1975. In the service industries,
idleness more than doubled since 1979, a previous record
year. Strikes in services tended to be smaller than those
in the economy as a whole (table 6) and to last longer
(table 25). Twenty percent of all strikes in services oc­
curred when a first agreement was being negotiated,
compared with 9 percent of strikes in the economy as
a whole (table 9).
As in 1979, more strikes occurred in government than
in any other industry group. The 536 stoppages were
about 10 percent fewer than in 1979 but more than in
any other previous year. In general, these stoppages
occurred predominantly in city government (236
strikes), in the educational field (285 strikes), and among
professional and technical employees (257 strikes)(tables 18 and 19).

Industry

The trends in work stoppage activity from 1950 to
1980 for the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sec­
tors are illustrated in charts 1, 2, and 3. In 1980, as in
1979, levels of strikes and workers involved were higher
in nonmanufacturing industries than in manufacturing,
but days idle and percent of working time lost were
lower. Stoppages beginning in the year in both manu­
facturing and nonmanufacturing, and workers involved
in nonmanufacturing disputes, fell to the lowest levels
since the mid-sixties. Workers involved in manufactur­
ing strikes, 453,000, were the lowest in the 30-year pe­
riod. Idleness as a proportion of estimated working time
declined from 0.39 to 0.33 percent in the manufactur­
ing sector, but increased from 0.08 to 0.09 percent in
nonmanufacturing.

Occupation

About 8 out of every 10 strikes in 1980, as in 1979,
involved production and maintenance workers, the most
highly unionized occupational group. More than half
of the workers involved in these strikes were in nonmanufacturing industries, but three-fifths of the idleness
occurred in manufacturing (table 15).
Work stoppage measures for professional and tech­
nical workers reached record levels in 1980 because of
heightened strike activity in government (257 strikes)
and, to a lesser extent, in service industries (55 strikes).
In 1980, professional and technical workers called 8
percent of all strikes, accounting for 12 percent of work-

Manufacturing. Light bargaining in several of the most
strike-prone manufacturing industries in 1980 contribu­
ted to noticeable declines in strikes: Fabricated metal
products (280 strikes), down 20 percent from 1979; elec4 Directory, 1979, pp. 72 and 92.




4

Chart 2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-80
W orkers
(in m illions)

3

Manufacturing!

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

ers on strike and idleness. These were the highest lev­
els of strikes and idleness for this group since data on
work stoppages by occupation were first tabulated in
1972, and the largest number of professional and tech­
nical workers involved in strikes since 1975, when the
figure was the same. The entire increase in walkouts
among government professional and technical workers
was due to strikes by teachers, who engaged in 232
stoppages, accounting for 108,000 workers and 1.3 mil­



1970

1975

1980

lion days idle, an increase of 51 stoppages, 49,000 work­
ers and 464,000 days idle over 1979 (table 19). In serv­
ice industries, idleness by professional and technical
workers increased fourfold to 2.5 million days, 1.4 mil­
lion of which occurred during the July-through-September walkout of actors and musicians.
Salesworkers were the only other occupational group
to increase their strike activity in 1980. From 1979 to
1980, salesworkers on strike went from 3,000 to 20,000,
5

Chart 3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-80
P ercent

0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1975

1980

Six metropolitan areas experienced over 100 stop­
pages: Philadelphia (141), Detroit (131), New York
(119), Los Angeles (118), Chicago (114), and Pittsburgh
(108). Los Angeles had the most workers on strike
(99,000) and more than twice the idleness of any other
area (3.5 million days). Chicago; Philadelphia; and Beau­
mont, Texas (where there was a strike in petroleum re­
fining), also experienced more than 1 million days of
idleness.
Production and maintenance workers struck most fre­
quently in Pennsylvania (338 strikes), and professional
and technical workers, in Michigan (51 strikes), but the
most idleness for both of these occupations was in Cal­
ifornia (3.6 million days and 2.3 million days, respec­
tively). California also had the most strike activity by
clerical workers, as in 1979 (table 22).

and days idle from 44,000 to 551,000, mainly because
of the strike of retail grocery clerks in California.
L©©ati®in

Six of the more populated, highly industrialized, and
unionized States accounted for half of all work stop­
pages in 1980 (table 24). Pennsylvania continued to ex­
perience the greatest number of stoppages, followed by
Ohio, California, New York, Michigan, and Illinois.
California had more workers involved and days of idle­
ness than any other State.
The proportion of idleness to estimated nonagricultural working time was highest in Arizona (4.6 work­
ing days idle per thousand), because of the copper strike
(table 21). Indiana ranked next with 3.8 working days
idle per thousand, followed by California and Utah with
2.7 days per thousand each. Stoppages lasted longest,
on the average, in Idaho, 123.5 days, as the result of a
mining strike which involved nearly half of the work­
ers on strike in the State and lasted for 239 days. Data
on work stoppages by industry in States having 25 stop­
pages or more are detailed in table 23.
The largest number of strikes by government work­
ers occurred in Pennsylvania (82 strikes), Michigan (75
strikes), and Ohio (60 strikes)(table 20). New York and
Illinois reported the largest number of government
workers on strike, while Pennsylvania and Illinois had
the most idleness. Major stoppages in Pennsylvania and
Illinois (Philadelphia and Chicago teachers) and New
York (transit workers) accounted for at least half of the
government workers on strike and related idleness in
these States. There were no government strikes in 11
States, 5 more than in 1979.



1970

Settlement

In 1980, about 80 percent of strikes ended with a for­
mal settlement, compared with 83 percent in 1979 and
84 percent in 1978 (table 29). These strikes accounted
for 86 percent of the workers and 92 percent of the
year’s total idleness. Eighty-nine percent of the strikes
over economic issues, and 59 percent over noneconomic
issues, ended in a formal settlement (table 30). Follow­
ing the usual pattern, settlements were reached in a
larger proportion of stoppages occurring during rene­
gotiation of a contract (95 percent) or during attempts
to establish a collective bargaining relationship (83 per­
cent) than during the term of an agreement (44 percent).
As in 1979, the negotiating parties failed to reach a
formal settlement in 10 percent of the stoppages.
Sixty-three percent of these were short protest or sym­
6

tiations were more likely to involve mediation (70 per­
cent) than those that occurred during initial contract
bargaining (50 percent) or coring the contract term (10
percent).
Information was available for 129 strikes which ended
with the understanding that unsettled issues be resolved
in ways agreed upon by both parties (table 32). Of these
strikes, direct negotiations were agreed to in about onethird of the cases, arbitration in one-fifth of the cases,
referral to a government agency in somewhat less than
one-fifth of the cases, and mediation in one-tenth of the
cases. Referral to a government agency was the most
commonly chosen impasse procedure in disputes stem­
ming from the negotiation of a first agreement or un­
ion recognition. Direct negotiations were the most
favored impasse procedure in renegotiation disputes,
and were preferred slightly over arbitration in midcon­
tract disputes.

pathy strikes, almost all of which (95 percent) involved
miners (table 31).
With sharp reductions in injunctions against strikes
in government and mining, disputes terminated by a
court injunction have declined steadily, from 3.7 per­
cent of all strikes-in 1973 to 0.6 percent in 1980. These
strikes occurred primarily over noneconomic issues (18
strikes), most frequently in contract construction (7
strikes) and transportation (6 strikes).
In 3.5 percent of labor-management disputes, work­
ers returned to their jobs without having their demands
met or were replaced by other workers (broken strike).
In 0.7 percent of disputes, the employer went out of
business.

Smpass® procedures5
The resolution of collective bargaining impasses may
require mediation by outside parties, either government
or private. Mediation occurred in 56 percent of the
strikes in 1980, the same proportion as in 1979 (table
28). In three-quarters of these, the Federal Government
was the mediator. The disputes resolved by Federal
mediation involved a significantly larger proportion of
total idleness (62 percent) than strikes (42 percent), be­
cause they included five major stoppages, which to­
gether accounted for 7.9 million days of idleness. Only
2 percent of all stoppages were resolved by private me­
diation. Strikes that took place during contract renego­




5 Impasse procedures include: Mediation: An attempt by a third party to
help in negotiations or in the settlement o f a dispute between employer and
union through suggestion, advice, or other ways o f stimulating agreement, short
o f dictating its provisions (a characteristic arbitration).
Arbitration : A method o f settling labor-management disputes through
recourse to an impartial third party, mutually agreed to by the disputants, whose
decision is usually final and binding.
Referral to a government agency: A t impasse, particularly in disputes stemm­
ing from the negotiation o f a first agreement or union recognition, the parties
submit their unresolved issues to a government agency, such as the National
Labor Relations Board, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, or a
State Public Employee Relations Board, for adjudication, usually arbitration or
mediation.

7

Table 1. Work stoppages in the United States, 1927-801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

"

.........

---------------------------------------

Work s top p a g e s

Year
Nu m b e r

Workers involved

D u r a t i on

Number

Mean 2 /

Media n

1927 ...................................................
1928 ...................................................
1929 ...................................................
1930 ...................................................
193 1 ...................................................

707
604
92 1
637
810

26.5
27.6
22.6
22.3
18.8

3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

1 9 3 2 ...................................................
1933 ...................................................
1 9 3 4 ...................................................
1935 ...................................................
1936 ...................................................

8 41
1,695
1,856
2,014
2 , 172

19.6
16.9
19.5
23.8
23.3

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

1937 ...................................................
1 9 3 8 ...................................................
1939 ...................................................
1 9 4 0 ...................................................
1 9 4 1 ...................................................

4,740
2,772
2,613
2,508
4,288

20.3
23.6
23.4
20.9
18.3

1 9 4 2 ...................................................
1943 ...................................................
1944 ...................................................
1 9 4 5 ...................................................
1946 ...................................................

2,968
3,752
4,956
4,750
4,985

1947 ...................................................
1 9 4 8 ...................................................
1949 ...................................................
1950 ...................................................
1 9 5 1 ...................................................

330 '
314
289
183
342

Days i d l e d u r i n g y e a r

Percent
of
Number
tota l
employed 3 /

Percent o f
e st. t o t a l Per
working
worker
tim e 3/ i nvolved

1.4
1.3
1.2
.8
1.6

26,200
12,600
5,350
3,320
6,890

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

79.5
40.2
18.5
18. 1
20.2

3 24
1, 170
1,470
1, 120
789

1.8
6.3
7.2
5.2
3. 1

10,500
16,900
19,600
15,500
13,900

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

32.4
14.4
13.4
13.8
17.6

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

1,860
688.
1, 170
577
2,360

7.2
2.8
3.5
1.7
6. 1

28,400
9 , 150
17,800
6,700
23,000

(4)
(4)
. 21
. 08
.23

11.7
5.0
5.6
9.9
24.2

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

840
1,980
2 , 120
3,470
4,600

2.0
4.6
4.8
8.2
10.5

4 , 180
13,500
8,720
38,000
116,000

. 04
. 10
. 07
.3 1
1.04

15.3
13.3
15.2
11.6
9.8
\
5.0
6.8
4. 1
11.0
25.2

3,693
3,419
3,606
4,843
4,737

25.6
21.8
22.5
19.2
17.4

(4)
(4)
(4)
8
7

2 , 170
1,960
3,030
2,410
2,220

4.7
4.2
6.7
5. 1
4.5

34,600
34,100
50,500
38,800
22,900

.30
.28
.44
.33
. 18

15.9
17.4
16.7
1 6. 1
10.3

1 9 5 2 ...................................................
1953 ...................................................
1954 ...................................................
1 9 5 5 ...................................................
1956 ...................................................

5 , 1 17
5,09 1
3,468
4,320
3,825

19.6
20.3
22.5
18.5
18.9

7
9
9
8
7

3,540
2,400
1,530
2,650
1,900

7.3
4.7
3. 1
5.2
3.6

5 9 , 100
28,300
22,600
28,200
33,100

.48
.22
. 18
.22
.24

16.7
1 1.8
14.7
10.7
17.4

1957 ...................................................
1 9 5 8 ...................................................
1 9 5 9 ...................................................
1960 ...................................................
196 1 ...................................................

3,673
3,694
3,708
3,333
3,367

19.2
19.7
24.6
23.4
23.7

8
8
10
10
9

1,390
2,060
1,880
1,320
1,450

2.6
3.9
3.3
2.4
2.6

16,500
23,900
69,000
19,100
16,300

. 12
. 18
.50
. 14
. 11

11.4
11.6
36.7
14.5
11.2

1 9 6 2 ...................................................
1 9 6 3 ...................................................
1964 ...................................................
1 9 6 5 ...................................................
1966 ...................................................

3 , 6 14
3,362
3,655
3,963
4,405

24.6
23.0
22.9
25.0
22.2

9
8
8
9
9

1,230
941
1,640
1,550
1,960

2.2
1. 1
2.7
2.5
3.0

18,600
16,100
22,900
23,300
25,400

.
.
.
.
.

13
11
15
15
15

15.0
1 7. 1
14.0
15. 1
12.9

1967 ...................................................
1 968 ...................................................
1969 ...................................................
1970 ...................................................
197 1 ...................................................

4,595
5,045
5,700
5,716
5 , 138

22.8
24.5
22.5
25.0
27.0

9
10
10
11
11

2,870
2,649
2,481
3,305
3,280

4.3
3.8
3.5
4.7
4.5

42,100
49,018
42,869
66,414
47,589

.25
.28
.24
.37
.26

14.7
18.5
17.3
20. 1
14.5

1 9 7 2 ..................................................
1973 ...................................................
1974 ...................................................
1975 ...................................................
1976 ...................................................

5,010
5,353
6,074
5,031
5,648

24.0
24.0
27 . 1
26.8
28.0

8
9
14
11
11

1,714
2,251
2,778
1,746
2,420

2.3
2.9
3.5
2.2
3.0

27,066
27,948
47,991
31,237
37,859

. 15
. 14
.24
. 16
. 19

15.8
12.4
17.3
17.9
15.6

1977 ...................................................
1 9 7 8 ...................................................
1 9 7 9 ...................................................
1980 ...................................................

5,506
4,230
4,827
3,885

29.3
33.2
32. 1
35.4

14
17
16
18

2,040
1,623
1,727
1,366

2.4
1.9
1.9
1.5

35,822
36,922
34,754
33,289

.
.
.
.

17.6
22.8
20. 1
24.4

1The number of stoppages and workers relates to stoppages beginning in the year; average duration, to those end­
ing in the year. Days of idleness include all stoppages in ef­
fect. Workers are counted more than once if they were involv­
ed in more than 1 stoppages during the year. Available infor­
mation for earlier periods appears in
1978, BLS Bulletin 2000 (1979), table 151. For a ,
discussion of the procedures involved in the collection and
compilation of work stoppages statistics, see
BLS Bulletin 1910 (1976), chapter 27.

Statistics,

of Methods,




Handbook of Labor
BLS Handbook

8

17
17
15
14

2
1 Figures are simple averages; each stoppage is given
4
3
"equal weight regardless o flfs size.
3 Agricultural and government employees are included in
the total employed and total working time; private household,
forestry, and fishery employees are excluded. An explanation
of the measurement of idleness as a percentage of the total
employed labor force and of the total time worked is found in
‘“Total Economy’ Measure of Strike Idleness,”
Oct. 1968.
4 Not available.

Review,

Monthly Labor

Tabl© 2„ Work stoppages by month, 1979-80
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Month

Begi n m ng

Number

Number of
in m o n t h

Percent

stoppaqes
In e f f e c t
during month
Number

Percent

B e g i n n in g

Number

Workers involved
in m o n t h
In e f f e c t
during month
Percent

Number

Days
Number

idle

during

Percent

Percent

month
P e r c e n t of
est. total
time

1979
J a n u a r y ............
F e b r u a r y ...........
M a r c h ...............
A p r i 1 ...............
M a y ...................
J u n e .................
J u l y .................
A u g u s t ..............
S e p t e m b e r .........
O c t o b e r ............
N o v e m b e r ...........
D e c e m b e r ...........

4,827
266
300
396
511
556
542
47 1
451
474
439
272
149

100.0
5.5
6.2
8.2
10.6
11.5
11.2
9.8
9.3
9.8
9.1
5.6
3. 1

9,258
485
509
655
833
976
1,001
966
911
909
872
657
484

100.0
5.2
5.5
7.1
9.0
10.5
10.8
10.4
9.8
9.8
9.4
7. 1
5.2

1,727
69.8
74.7
115.0
402.4
132.5
143.2
155. 1
139.0
151.5
207.5
91.1
45.3

100.0
4.0
4.3
6.7
23.3
7.7
8.3
9.0
8.0
8.8
12.0
5.3
2.6

3,050
144.1
169.5
181.9
492.5
300.7
257.8
263.6
272.8
254.0
312.2
224.9
176. 1

100.0
4.7
5.6
6.0
1 6. 1
9.9
8.5
8.6
8.9
8.3
.10.2
7.4
5.8

34,754
1,920.6
1,547.6
1,739.1
4,845.2
3,576.1
3,075.4
3,000.7
3,261.1
2,802.0
3,368.9
3, 1 9 8 . 0
2,419.1

100.0
5.5
4.5
5.0
13.9
10.3
8.8
3.6
9.4
8. 1
9.7
9.2
7.0

. 15
. 10
.09
.09
.26
. 18
. 16
. 16
. 16
. 16
. 17
. 17
. 13

1980
J a n u a r y ............
F e b r u a r y ...........
M a r c h ................
A p r i 1 ...............
M a y ...................
J u n e .................
J u l y .................
A u g u s t ..............
S e p t e m b e r .........
O c t o b e r ............
N o v e m b e r . .......
D e c e m b e r ...........

3,885
295
320
319
347
379
385
400
360
436
349
205
90

100.0
7.6
8.2
8.2
8.9
9.8
9.9
10.3
9.3
11.2
9.0
5.3
2.3

7,814
564
569
585
642
709
747
776
775
813
722
532
380

100.0
7.2
7.3
7.5
8.2
9. 1
9.6
9.9
9.9
10.4
9.2
6.8
4.9

1,366
17 1 . 4
76.0
84.0
100.2
124.3
177.5
230.4
87.8
153.2
89.8
52.8
19.0

100.0
12.5
5.6
6 .1
7.3
9. 1
13.0
16.9
6.4
11.2
6.6
3.9
1.4

2,657
252.0
255.8
223.6
213.9
182.8
244.7
337. 1
230.7
288.5
224. 1
126.4
76.8

100.0
9.5
9.6
8.4
8. 1
6.9
9.2
12.7
8.7
10.9
8.4
4.8
2.9

33,289
3,205.7
3,356.8
3,118.8
2,501.3
2,262.4
2,726.2
4,028.0
3,314.9
3,576.4
2,530.0
1,440.0
1,228.2

100.0
9.6
10.1
9.4
7.5
6.8
8.2
1 2. 1
10.0
10.7
7.6
4.3
3.7

. 14
. 16
. 18
. 16
. 12
. 12
. 14
.20
. 17
. 18
. 12
.09
. 06

1See footnote 3, table 1.




9

1/

Table 3. Work stoppages by size and duration, 1980

Size of stoppage

Total

1
day

4-6
days

2-3
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

' 60-89
days

90 days
and over

Number of stoppages ending in
year
All stoppages.....................................

3,939

324

325

369

741

820

681

287

392

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,000 ...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 .....................
10,000 and o v e r...................................

528
1,591
906
456
266
160
17
15

34
115
84
51
28
11
1

34
127
74
46
29
10
2
3

35
129
93
56
36
18
1
1

100
303
168
78
55
32
1
4

123
326
182
84
51
48
5
1

80
298
160
76
39
22
4
2

48
111
78
25
16
6
2
1

74
182
67
40
12
13
1
3

All stoppages....... ..............................

1,398.3

82.3

133.5

152.8

290.0

256.0

201.4

86.0

196.3

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,000 ...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 .....................
10,000 and o v e r...................................

6.5
81.0
142.6
159.8
179.0
299.7
109.2
420.4

.4
6.1
13.6
18.2
18.2
19.9
6.0

.4
6.6
11.9
17.2
19.0
18.8
11.3
48.3

.4
6.5
14.1
19.9
24.1
32.1
5.6
50.0

1.3
14.6
27.2
26.1
39.5
59.6
9.0
112.7

1.5
17.0
28.3
29.0
33.3
92.0
33.9
21.0

1.0
15.5
24.6
27.0
25.9
40.8
26.5
40.0

.6
5.5
12.4
8.6
10.7
12.3
10.9
25.0

.9
9.1
10.6
13.9
8.3
24.0
6.0
123.4

All stoppages.....................................

33,824.5

82.3

273.9

587.4

2,250.2

3,6770

5,349.8

4,644.4

16,959.4

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,0 00...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 .....................
10,000 and o v e r...................................

196.0
2,109.3
3,073.3
3,553.3
2,945.2
5,831.7
2,508.3
13,607.4

.4
6.1
13.6
18.2
18.2
19.9
6.0
-

.9
14.4
23.9
35.5
37.4
46.4
17.0
98.3

1.5
22.6
47.1
67.6
81.5
97.8
19.3
250.0

9.4
108.6
197.0
181.0
266.7
372.1
72.0
1,043.4

22.4
255.1
414.0
414.8
495.7
1,276.5
483.8
315.0

30.4
464.2
713.3
784.7
705.5
1,123.9
516.4
1,011.4

31.1
275.9
625.5
437.9
551.4
620.7
751.9
1,350.0

99.9
962.4
1,038.9
1,613.7
788.8
2,274.5
642.0
9,539.3

Number of workers involved
(thousands)

Number of days idle (thousands)

j

Percent distribution of
stoppages ending in year
All stoppages.....................................

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,0 00...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 ....... ..............
10,000 and o v e r...................................

13.40
40.39
23.00
11.58
6.75
4.06
.43
.38

10.49
35.49
25.93
15.74
8.64
3.40
.31
-

10.46
39.08
22.77
14.15
8.92
3.08
.62
.92

9.49
34.96
25.20
15.18
9.76
4.88
.27
.27

13.50
40.89
22.67
10.53
7.42
4.32
.13
.54

15.00
39.76
22.20
10.24
6.22
5.85
.61
.12

11.75
43.76
23.49
11.16
5.73
3.23
.59
.29

16.72
38.68
27.18
8.71
5.57
2.09
.70
.35

18.88
46.43
17.09
10.20
3.06
3.32
.26
.77

See footnotes at end of table.




10

Table 3. Continued— Work stoppages by size and duration, 19801
15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Total

1
day

2-3
days

4-6
days

7-14
days

All stoppages.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,000 ...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 .....................
10,000 and o v e r...................................

.5
5.8
10.2
11.4
12.8
21.4
7.8
30.1

.5
7.4
16.6
22.0
22.1
24.2
7.3
-

.3
4.9
8.9
12.9
14.2
14.1
8.4
36.2

.3
4.2
9.2
13.1
15.8
21.0
3.7
32.7

.4
5.0
9.4
9.0
13.6
20.6
3.1
38.9

.6
6.6
11.0
11.3
13.0
36.0
13.2
8.2

.5
7.7
12.2
13.4
12.9
20.3
13.1
19.9

.7
6.4
14.4
10.1
12.4
14.3
12.7
29.1

.5
4.7
5.4
7.1
4.2
12.2
3.1
62.9

All stoppages.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

6 and under 20 workers .....................
20 and under 1 0 0 ................................
100 and under 250 ..............................
250 and under 500 ..............................
500 and under 1,000 ...........................
1,000 and under 5,000 .......................
5,000 and under 10,000 .....................
10,000 and o v e r...................................

.6
6.2
9.1
10.5
8.7
17.2
7.4
40.2

.5
7.4
16.6
22.0
22.1
24.2
7.3
-

.3
5.3
8.7
13.0
13.7
16.9
6.2
35.9

.3
3.8
8.0
11.5
13.9
16.6
3.3
42.6

.4
4.8
8.8
8.0
11.9
16.5
3.2
46.4

.6
6.9
11.3
11.3
13.5
34.7
13.2
8.6

.6
8.7
13.3
14.7
13.2
21.0
9.7
18.9

.7
5.9
13.5
9.4
11.9
13.4
16.2
29.1

.6
5.7
6.1
9.5
4.7
13.4
3.8
56.2

Size of stoppage

Percent distribution of
workers involved

Percent distribution of
days idle

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4 and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.




NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported,

11

Tabl© 4= Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927=80
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Workers involved

Days i d l e d u r i n g y e a r
Percent o f
Percent o f
e st. t o ta l
Number
to ta l for
w o r k i ng
year
tim e W

Year

Nu m be r
o f work
stoppages

1 9 2 7 ................................................
1928 ................................................
1929 ................................................
1930 ................................................
1 9 3 1 ................................................

1
5
1
1
6

165
137
15
30
122

50.0
43.6
5.2
16.4
37.7

9,737
10,086
195
270
1,954

37.2
80.0
3.6
8. 1
28.4

0 . 14
. 14
(2)
(2)
. 03

1 9 3 2 ................................................
1 933 ................................................
1 9 3 4 ................................................
1 9 3 5 ................................................
1936 ................................................

7
17
18
9
8

140
429
725
516
169

43.2
36.7
49.3
46. 1
21.4

5,337
5 , 199
7,488
4,523
2,893

50.8
30.7
38.2
29.2
20.8

. 12
. 11
. 15
. 08
. 04

1937 ................................................
1938 ................................................
1 939 ................................................
1940 ................................................
194 1 ................................................

26
2
8
4
29

5 28
39
572
57
1,070

28.4
5.7
48.9
9.9
45.3

9,110
17 1
5,731
33 1
9,344

32. 1
1.9
32.2
4.9
40.6

. 14
(2)
.09
(2)
. 13

1 9 4 2 ................................................
1943 ............................................. .
1 9 4 4 ................................................
1 9 4 5 ................................................
1 946 ................................................

6
10
16
42
31

74
737
350
1,350
2,920

8.8
37.2
16.5
38.9
63.6

245
9,427
1,259
19,300
66,400

5.9
69.8
14.4
50.7
57.2

(2)
. 10
.01
.24
.82

1 9 4 7 ................................................
1 9 4 8 ........................... ...................
1 9 4 9 ................................................
1950 ................................................
1 9 5 1 ................................................

15
20
18
22
19

1,030
8 70
1,920
738
457

47.5
44.5
63.2
30.7
20.6

17,700
18,900
34,900
21,700
5,680

51.2
55.3
69.0
56.0
24.8

. 21
.20
.4 1
.25
.57

1 9 5 2 ................................................
1 9 5 3 ................................................
1 9 5 4 ................................................
1 9 5 5 ................................................
1956 ................................................
1957 ...............................................
1 9 5 8 ................................................
1 9 5 9 ................................................
1960 ................................................
196 1 ................................................

35
28
18
26
12
13
21
20
17
14

1,690
650
437
1,210
758
283
823
845
3 84
60 1

47.8
27 . 1
28.5
45.6
39.9
20.4
40.0
45.0
29.2
41.4

36,900
7,270
7,520
12,300
19,600
3,050
10,600
50,800
7,140
4,950

62.6
25.7
33.3
43.4
59. 1
18.5
44.2
73.7
37.4
30.4

.36
.07
.07
. 11
. 17
.26
. 10
.45
. 06
. 04

1 9 6 2 ................................................
1 9 6 3 ................................................
1964 ..............................................
1965 ................................................
1966 ................................................

16
7
18
21
26

3 18
102
607
387
600

25.8
10.8
37.0
25.0
30.7

4,800
3,540
7,990
6,070
7,290

25.8
22.0
34.8
26.0
28.7

.04
.03
.06
. 05
. 05

1967 ................................................
1 9 6 8 ................................................
1969 ................................................
1 970 ................................................
197 1 ................................................

28
32
25
34
29

1,340
994
668
1,653
1,901

46.5
37.5
26.9
50.0
58.0

21,400
20,514
17,853
35,440
23,152

50.7
41.8
41.6
53.4
48.6

. 15
. 12
. 10
.20
. 13

1 9 7 2 ................................................
1973 ................................................
1 9 7 4 ................................................
1975 ................................................
1976 ................................................

18
25
27
20
23

390
7 13
836
474
1, 030

22.7
31.7
30 . 1
27.2
42.6

7,499
6,062
12,914
7,482
14,043

27.7
21.7
26.8
24.0
37 . 1

. 04
. 03
.06
. 04
. 07

1977 ................................................
1 9 7 8 ................................................
1 9 7 9 ................................................
1980 ................................................

18
11
11 ■
14

53 1
526
502
387

26.5
32.4
29. 1
28.3

9,8 86
13,537
9,268
12,256

27.6
36.7
26.7
36.8

. 05
. 02
. 04
. 05

Number

Percent o f
to ta l for
year

1 See footnote 3, table 1.




2 Less than 0.005 percent.

12

Table 5. Work stoppages beginning in 1980 involving 10,000 workers or more

Beginning
date

Approxim ate
duration
(calendar
days)1

Establishm ent(s)
and location(s)

Union(s)
involved2

Approxim ate
num ber of
workers
involved3

M ajor terms of s ettlem en t4

Jan. 8

186

Petroleum refining
com panies— nation­
w ide com panies

Oil, Chem ical and
Atom ic W orkers

63,100

2-year agreem ent w as reached
first with Gulf Oil Corp. and
Cities Service Co. Gulf contract,
which set the pattern for the
rest of the industry, provided:
52 cents-an-hour increase in
w ages retroactive to 1/8/80, plus
a 5-percent increase already
built into the previous contract
for the firs t year; a 10.5percent increase in the sec­
ond year; increased com pany
c o n trib u tio n to h e a lth -c a re
coverage, d e n ta l a s s is ta n c e
plan, and additional vacation
time.

Jan. 21

40

Retail grocery sto res—
Northern California

United Food and
Com m ercial Workers

15,000

$1.81-per-hour pay increase over
next 38 months, with COLA
(based on 10 pecent inflation
rate) expected to add another
$1 to $1.10 per hour. Economic
package sim ilar to th a t in s e ttle ­
ment with b utchers’ union in
w inter 1979. Pay d ifferential for
clerks who stock food and non­
food items: At least $1 per hour
less for nonfood clerks. Increas­
ed retirem ent benefits.

Jan. 28

14

Board of Education—
Chicago, III.

Am erican Federation
of Teachers (AFT)

26,000

2-year contract provided rehiring
504 teachers and aides fired to
save money; in return, teachers
sacrificed 1 day of work and
som e minor provisions.

Apr.1

10

M etropolitan Transit
A u th o r ity New York City

Transport W orkers
Union, Am algam ated
Transit Union

31,700

2-year agreem ent provided wage
increases of 9 percent the first
year and 8 percent the second;
COLA of 1 cent-per-hour for
each 0.4 increase in New York
M etropolitan CPI, with a 6percent cap, to be paid Oct. 1,
1981; $5 million contribution to
union-run health and w elfare
funds; catch-up pay for workers
hired since last pact; new w age
progression system.

M ay 21

3

Construction industry—
New York City

Team sters (Ind.) (IBT)

10,000

Dispute during the term of the
contract involved placem ent of
armed T eam sters on all con­
struction sites to “p ro te c t” the
working Team sters from the
“ invasion of the site by minori­
ties. seeking em ploym ent.” Re­
turn to work w as ordered by

See footnotes at end of table.




13

Table 5. Continued— Work stoppages beginning in 1980 involving 10,000 workers or more

Beginning
date

A pproxim ate
duration
(calendar
days)1

Establishm ent(s)
and location(s)

Union(s)
involved2

Approxim ate
num ber of
workers
involved3

M ajor term s of settlem en t4

Federal court, with unresolved
issue to be settled by a rb itra­
tion.
June 16

11

Construction industry—
Northern California

Plasterers and Cement
Masons

20,000

3-year contract provided w age in­
crease of $1.30 per hour e ffe c ­
tive June 16,1980, plus 10 cents
per hour supplem ental dues
increases on July 1 and a
50-cents per-hour unallocated
w age-fringe increase on Nov. 1;
in each of the second and third
years, an unallocated wagefringe increase of $1.05 in June,
a 10 cents increase in supple­
m ental dues contribution in
July, and a COLA in Nov.

June 16

12

Construction industry—
Northern and Central
California

C arpenters and Joiners
of Am erica (CJA)

35,000

3-year contract provided $1.67 perhour pay increase retroactive to
June 16, 1980, another 35 cents
per hour on Nov. 1, 1980, and
a d d itio n a l c o n trib u tio n s to
fringe benefits.

June 23

32

Construction industry—
San Diego, Calif.

IBT (Ind.) & CJA

25,000

IBT: 3-year contract provided hour­
ly w age increases of $2 retro­
active to June 1 6,1980, $1.67 on
June 16, 1981, another $1.68 on
June 16,1982, and an additional
62 cents for fringe benefits.

CJA:

3-year c o n tra c t provided
$6.15 per hour in w ages and
fringe benefits, including an
im m ediate $1.55 in w age retro­
active to June 16, 1980.

July 1

3

July 1

146

Construction industry—
San Jose, Calif.

Plumbers and Pipe
Fitters

15,000

3-year contract provided an im m e­
d iate hourly w age increase of
$2.50, a 76-cent increase on
Nov. 1, 1980, and 38 cents on
Jan. 1, 1981; plus full COLA
in 1981 and 1982, with g uaran­
tees of at least $2.10 per hour in
1981 and $2 per hour in 1982.

Copper in d u s tr y interstate

United Steelw orkers
of Am erica & craft
unions

26,600

Kennecott settled first on Aug. 27
with a 3-year agreem ent th a t set
the pattern for the industry.
A w age and cost-of-living pack­
age of gains totallin g 39 percent
over the 3 years provided: Con­
tinuation of the quarterly esca­
lator form ula of 1 cent per hour
for each 0.3-point change in the
CPI, plus an im m ediate lum p­
sum paym ent of $25 per worker;
general hourly w age increases

See footnotes at end of table.




14

Table 5. Continued— Work stoppages beginning in 1980 involving 10,000 workers or more

Beginning
date

Approxim ate
duration
(calendar
days)1

Establishm ent(s)
and location(s)

Union(s)
involved2

Approxim ate
num ber of
workers
involved3

M ajor terms of s e ttle m e n t4

of 25 cents, 20 cents, and 15
cents, respectively, for the 3
years of the contract; increase
in the increm ent betw een job
grades of 2 cent, V2 cent, and
1 cent, respectively; increases
in shift prem ium s and fringe
benefits.

V

July 7

6

Construction industry—
Southern California

Laborers

50,000

July 21

75

M otion picture and TV
Producers and 3 TV
netw orks— interstate

Screen Actors Guild,
Associated Actors

25,000

and Artistes of
Am erica

3 -y e a r c o n tra c t p ro v id e d increases in wages and benefits
totalling $6.25 per hour ($2.25,
$2, and $2, effective July 1,
1980, 1981, and 1982, respec­
tively), for 70 percent of the
workers; the rem ainder to re­
ceive increases ranging up to
$ 6 .5 5 , d e p e n d in g
on jo b
classifications.
3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t p r o v id e d
32.25-percent increase in payscale m inim um s, in 2 steps:
15 percent when the con tract is
signed and another 15 percent
in 18 m onths based on the in­
creased am ount, plus a sub­
stantial boost in prime tim e
rerun ceilings.

Sept. 1

22

Board of Education—
Philadelphia, Pa.

AFT

21,000

2-year contract provided rehiring
of 2,000 teachers laid off in
June; right of school district to
lay off employees in second
year of contract; no pay in­
crease during first year; 10percent increase in second
year.

Sept. 26

2

Southern Pacific Railroad— interstate

Brotherhood of
Locom otive Engineers
(Ind.)

23,300

Dispute occurred when engineers
objected to alcohol breath tests
as a “change in work rules”
and ended when workers were
ordered back by the Federal
ju d g e ’s tem porary restraining
order.

1 Includes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and
established holidays.
2 The unions listed are those directly involved in the dis­
pute, but the num ber of workers involved may include m em ­
bers of other unions or nonunion workers idle by the disputes
in the sam e establishm ents. The unions are a ffilia te d with the
AFL-CIO , except where they are noted as independent (Ind.).




3 The num ber of w orkers involved is the m axim um m ade idle
for 1 shift or longer in estab lish m en ts directly involved in the
stoppage. This does not m easure the indirect or secondary e f­
fect on other estab lish m en ts or industries whose em ployees
are made idle as a result of m aterial or service shortages.
‘■Adapted largely from
pub­
lished m onthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Current Wage Developments,

15

Table 6. Work stoppages by industry group and size, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Total

6
and under
20
workers

20
and under
100
workers

100
and under
250
workers

250
and under
500
workers

500
and under
1,000
workers

1,000
and under
5,000
workers

5.000
and under
10.000
workers

10,000
workers
or
more

S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in y e a r

All industries........................................

3,885

507

1,572

893

451

275

156

17

14

Manufacturing ........................................

1 1,809

177

783

470

205

114

57

1

2

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................

_
155
33
37

_
22
4
8

_
61
13
20

_
40
10
8

_
21
3
1

_
7
3
-

_
4
-

_
-

_
-

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

70
60
68
33
89

9
3
5
3
11

36
25
24
15
46

14
20
23
7
25

7
4
3
4
3

3
3
9
1
3

1
5
4
3
1

- ■
-

-

19

2

11

4

“

1

61
7
118
175

8
18
10

23
1
61
61

23
1
19
61

4
2
14
30

3
3
5
11

1
1

-

1

Fabricated metal products 3 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation eq uipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 4 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

280
280

32
18

143
123

61
76

23
34

15
16

5
13

1

_

140
114
29
42

8
7
3
6

42
42
14
22

35
30
6
7

30
14
4
4

17
10
1
3

8
11
1
-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 2,080

330

789

424

247

161

100

16

13

5

_
1
6

Petroleum refining and related
industries ................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

74
79

6
79
61

3
66
44

2
54
28

2
8
43

_
1
6

103
200

43
51

15
30

12
7

10

116

4
1

1
1

9
55
60

10
120
198

5

_

_

22
67

1
11
46

_

44
135

2
2

1
3

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract .construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

19
297
287

1
14
20

243
411

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S ervices.....................................................
Government5 .............................................

25
262
536

55

See footnotes at end of table.




1

16

5

_
7
25

Table 6. Continued-W ork stoppages by industry group and size, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

6
and under
20
workers

Total

20
and under
100
workers

100
and under
250
workers

250
and under
500
workers

500
and under
1,000
workers

1,000
and under
5,000
workers

5.000
and under
10.000
workers

10,000
workers
or
more

W o r k e r s in v o lv e d

All industries........................................

1 1,366.3

6.3

80.5

141.0

157.9

185.4

295.5

113.2

386.6

Manufacturing ........................................

1 453.3

2.3

41.6

74.2

70.3

77.7

109.1

7.0

71.1

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures..... :.....................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, e tc .2 ...........................................

_

_

32.8
5.5
2.8

.3
.1
.1

_
3.3
.7
.9

_
6.7
1.6
1.3

7.1
1.1
.4

_
5.1
2.2
-

10.4
-

-

-

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ...............

9.8
15.2
18.4
8.0
10.7

1.5
1.3
1.3
.8
2.3

2.4
3.4
3.6
1.3
4.1

2.1
1.5
.9
1.2
1.1

2.3
2.0
6.2
.5
2.1

1.4
7.0
6.3
4.1
1.0

-

-

.6

.6

“

.5

“

63.1

Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts .................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

64.8

.1
0
.1
(6
)
.2

(6)

8.6
3.1
15.0
41.9

.1
.2
.1

1.3
.1
3.3
3.3

3.7
.1
2.8
9.6

1.5
.8
4.5
10.2

2.0
2.1
2.9
7.1

1.2
3.6

-

8.1

Fabricated metal products 3 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipment .......................
Instruments, e tc .4 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

48.9
62.2

.4
.2

7.7
6.3

9.2
11.7

8.1
12.4

9.9
10.7

6.6
21.0

7.0

_

45.2
48.6
6.0
5.8

.1
.1

5.4
4.8

9.8
5.1
1.5

.1

2.4
2.4
.7
1.2

1.1

12.0
7.2
.7
2.3

15.5
29.1
1.9
-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 913.0

4.0

38.9

66.8

87.6

107.6

186.4

106.2

315.5

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary s e rv ic e s ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

7.9
116.6
320.4

.3
3.9
4.0

1.0
13.3
9.0

1.1

.2
.2

24.9
15.4

1.3
35.3
18.5

4.2
13.1
81.7

_
7.4
36.5

_
18.5
155.0

95.7
61.1

.7
1.3

4.4
9.6

6.5
6.8

4.9
10.4

8.2
4.4

23.5
6.2

24.3
7.4

23.3
15.0

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ......
S ervices.....................................................
Government5 .............................................

2.2
85.6
223.6

.1

.7
.7

.4
5.9
10.5

.8
7.3
22.2

7.7
23.3

1.0
7.0
32.0

16.0
41.6

0

(6
)

See footnotes at end of table.




17

1.1
1.1

_

_

“

_

16.0
14.6

_

25.0
78.7

Table 6. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and size, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

6
and under
20
workers

Total

20
and under
100
workers

100
and under
250
workers

250
and under
500
workers

500
and under
1,000
workers

1,000
and under
5,000
workers

5.000
and under
10.000
workers

10,000
workers
or
more

D a y s id le d u rin g y e a r
(all s to p p a g e s )

All industries........................................

1 33,288.5

178.9

2,193.1

3,171.0

3,441.0

3,460.5

5,643.3

2,944.3

12,256.3

Manufacturing ........................................

1 17,153.6

138.4

6,665.9
_
-

70.2

1,373.1

2,159.5

2,237.8

2,033.0

2,475.7

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 1 ...........................................
2

_

_

_

_

12.7
1.6
4.7

170.1
34.5
12.6

252.4
40.8
2.0

_
99.3
13.2
-

_

810.3
165.1
61.6

_
92.7
11.7
42.3

183.1
63.3
-

-

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

419.5
310.0
634.3
131.9
469.3

4.0
.9
1.1
2.3
5.4

53.3
31.1
36.8
28.1
95.9

115.9
72.0
78.7
40.9
150.9

115.0
23.4
80.5
11.9
101.0

110.1
47.6
188.6
2.7
96.9

21.1
135.2
248.5
45.9
19.2

-

-

3,763.5

.3

16.0

51.1

7.0

27.0

-

-

3,662.1

241.9
41.8
359.1
1,746.6

1.7
5.4
4.0

37.1
1.1
105.6
127.8

157.9
3.1
58.6
250.2

20.4
4.9
125.8
332.9

24.8
32.7
57.7
267.2

-

6.0
10.8

-

753.8

Fabricated metal products 3 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation e q uipm e nt.......................
Instruments, e tc .4 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

1,400.3
2,759:1

9.0
8.6

240.0
225.7

263.8
347.5

318.8
410.9

170.5
287.4

241.2
376.3

138.4
-

18.5
1,102.6

753.4
2,679.2
202.1
204.6

1.4
2.1
1.9
3.0

55.5
125.9
19.2
27.0

86.1
210.9
17.6
37.1

140.6
159.4
35.3
54.8

144.4
378.7
1.4
82.7

325.3
673.2
126.8
-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 16,134.9

108.7

820.0

1,011.4

1,203.2

1,427.5

Petroleum refining and related
industries ................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

-

1,128.8
-

3,167.6

2,806.0

5,590.4

1,357.1
1,430.0
23.3
550.9

-

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

107.6
1,952.0
4,752.5

.3
5.5
4.0

7.2
22.7
75.0

14.0
34.6
171.8

34.8
53.3
251.1

23.6
183.6
208.8

27.6
179.6
1,327.9

_
115.6
1,283.8

1,740.7
1,402.7

28.0
43.1

134.1
253.8

160.3
198.5

163.2
158.4

155.5
88.2

913.3
43.6

163.0
66.3

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ......
S ervices.....................................................
Government5 .............................................

54.7
3,776.8
2,347.8

5.5
17.8
4.5

17.2
215.7
94.3

16.5
205.4
210.3

222.3
320.2

15.5
301.6
450.5

337.3
338.3

1 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar
materials.
3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.




_

-

-

_

_
1,076.0
101.3

_

_
1,400.8
828.4

4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
5 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
6 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

18

Table 7. Work stoppages by affiliation of labor organizations involved, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages beginning in year
Affiliation

Stoppages
Number

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Workers involved
Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages ...............................................

3,885

100.0

1,366.3

100.0

33,288.5

100.0

AFL-CIO u n io n s ..............................................
Unaffiliated un io ns..........................................
Single-firm u n io ns...........................................
Different affiliations 1 ......................................
Professional employee associations............
No union or association involved.................

2,252
1,204
58
9
289
73

58.0
31.0
1.5
.2
7.4
1.9

951.3
277.4
14.8
38.7
80.0
4.2

69.6
20.3
1.1
2.8
5.9
.3

23,738.2
6,860.5
381.9
1,334.7
932.1
41.0

71.3
20.6
1.1
4.0
2.8
.1

1 Stoppages involving both AFL-CIO affiliates and unaffiliated unions,
or stoppages involving more than one unaffiliated union.




NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.

19

Table 8. Work stoppages by contract status and size, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages beginning in year
Contract status and
size of stoppage

Stoppages
Number

Workers involved

Days idle
during year
(all stoppages)

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages..........................................................

3,885

100.0

1366.3

100.0

33,288.5

100.0

6 and under 20 w orke rs...........................................
20 and under 100 .....................................................
100 and under 250 ...................................................
250 and under 500 ...................................................
500 and under 1,000 ................................................
1,000 and under 5,000 .............................................
5,000 and under 10,000...........................................
10,000 and o v e r........................................................

507
1,572
893
451
275
156
17
14

13.1
40.5
23.0
11.6
7.1
4.0
.4
.4

6.3
80.5
141.0
157.9
185.4
295.5
113.2
386.6

.5
5.9
10.3
11.6
13.6
21.6
8.3
28.3

178.9
2,193.1
3,171.0
3,441.0
3,460.5
5,643.3
2,944.3
12,256.3

.5
6.6
9.5
10.3
10.4
17.0
8.8
36.8

Negotiation of first agreement or
union recognition....................................................
6 and under 20 w o rk e rs........................................
20 and under 100 ..................................................
100 and under 250 ................................................
250 and under 500 ................................................
500 and under 1,000 .............................................
1,000 and under 5,000 ..........................................
5,000 and under 10,000 ........................................
10,000 and o v e r .....................................................

341
97
159
62
13
6
3
1
-

8.8
2.5
4.1
1.6
.3
.2
.1
O
-

39.1
1.2
7.3
9.7
4.3
3.8
6.8
6.0
-

2.9
.1
.5
.7
.3
.3
.5
.4
-

1,764.8
39.0
308.1
299.7
208.7
113.0
154.4
642.0
-

5.3
.1
.9
.9
.6
.3
.5
1.9
-

Renegotiation of agreement
(expiration or reopening).......................................
6 and under 20 w o rk e rs ........................................
20 and under 100 ..................................................
100 and under 250 ................................................
250 and under 500 ................................................
500 and under 1,000 .............................................
1,000 and under 5,000 ..........................................
5,000 and under 10,000 ........................................
10,000 and o v e r .....................................................

2,596
268
1,058
631
310
181
123
13
12

66.8
6.9
27.2
16.2
8.0
4.7
3.2
.3
.3

1064.7
3.5
55.4
98.9
107.9
122.2
235.0
88.5
353.4

77.9
.3
4.1
7.2
7.9
N 8.9
17.2
6.5
25.9

29,640.5
109.4
1,599.0
2,502.9
2,871.6
3,053.2
5,131.6
2,169.8
12,203.0

89.0
.3
4.8
7.5
8.6
9.2
15.4
6.5
36.7

During term of agreement (negotiation
of new agreement not involve d)..........................
6 and under 20 w o rk e rs ........................................
20 and under 100 ..................................................
100 and under 250 ................................................
250 and under 500 ................................................
500 and under 1,000 .............................................
1,000 and under 5,000 ..........................................
5,000 and under 10,000 ........................................
10,000 and o v e r .....................................................

521
36
154
126
100
73
27
3
2

13.4
.9
4.0
3.2
2.6
1.9
.7
.1
.1

216.6
.4
8.3
21.3
36.1
49.4
49.2
18.7
33.3

15.9
O
.6
1.6
2.6
3.6
3.6
1.4
2.4

709.6
6.5
45.4
67.9
88.8
162.2
152.9
132.6
53.3

2.1
(’)
.1
.2
.3
.5
.5
.4
.2

No contract or other contract s ta tu s......................
6 and under 20 w o rk e rs............. ...........................
20 and under 100 ..................................................
100 and under 250 ................................................
250 and under 500 ................................................
500 and under 1,000 .............................................
1,000 and under 5,000 ..........................................
5,000 and under 10,000 ........................................
10,000 and o v e r .....................................................

113
28
47
20
10
8

2.9
.7
1.2
.5
.3
.2

15.0
.3
2.2
3.1
3.8
5.6

1.1
O
.2
.2
.3
.4

226.3
2.1
35.4
43.7
54.4
27.5
63.3

No information on contract s ta tu s ..........................
6 and under 20 w o rk e rs ........................................
20 and under 100 ..................................................
100 and under 250 ................................................
250 and under 500 ................................................
500 and under 1,000 .............................................
1,000 and under 5,000 ..........................................
5,000 an<^ under 10,000 ........................................
10,000 and o v e r .....................................................

314
78
154
54
18
7
3
-

.1
.1
.2
.1
.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

31.0
.9
7.4
8.1
5.7
4.4
4.5
-

2.3
.1
.5
.6
.4
.3
.3
“

947.2
21.9
205.3
256.8
217.6
104.6
141.1
“

2.8
.1
.6
.8
.7
.3
.4
“

-

8.1
2.0
4.0
1.4
.5
.2
.1
-

1 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal




.7
O

totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

20

Table 9. Work stoppages by industry group and contract status 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Negotiation of first
agreement
or union recognition

Total

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

All industries........................................

1 3,885

1,366.3

33,288.5

341

39.1

1,764.8

2,596

1,064.7

29,640.5

Manufacturing ........................................

' 1,809

127

11.9

617.0

1,365

368.8

15,643.3

_

_

_

_

.6

114.1
.3
17.8

119
25
12

26.7
5.2
1.1

636.9
86.4
14.2

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 3 ...........................................

453.3

17,153.6

_

_

155

32.8

810.3

-

-

-

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

_

Number

Renegotiation of agreement
(expiration or reopening)

_

_

12

.6

-

-

33
37

5.5
2.8

165.1
61.6

2
9

70
60
68
33
89

9.8
15.2
18.4
8.0
10.7

419.5
310.0
634.3
131.9
469.’3

11
2
5
3
9

.8
.3
.1
.1
.9

35.7
1.1
2.6
18.1
29.6

46
51
58
27
72

7.6
13.4
17.1
6.9
9.4

365.0
245.1
618.8
102.3
432.4

19

64.8

3,763.5

2

.5

27.0

16

64.2

3,735.0

61
7
118
175

8.6
3.1
15.0
41.9

241.9
41.8
359.1
1,746.6

12

1.3

45
7
84
138

6.6
3.1
11.3
35.3

161.7
41.8
293.7
1,545.9

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation eq uipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

280
280

48.9
62.2

140
114
29
42

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 2,080

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ...................................................... .
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

19
297
287

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S ervices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............
Petroleum refining and related
industries ................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products....................................... :.........
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

-

-

5
8

.1
.6

74.8
17.4
73.1

1,400.3
2,759.1

12
13

.7
1.2

25.0
70.4

228
207

44.3
48.1

1,222.0
2,570.4

45.2
48.6
6.0
5.8

753.4
2,679.2
202.1
204.6

9
8
1
4

1.5
1.9
.2
.2

17.3
86.7
2.5
3.5

80
88
28
35

24.9
33.1
5.7
4.7

675.9
2,516.1
199.7
179.9

913.0

16,134.9

214

27.2

1,147.8

1,235

695.8

13,997.1

7.9
116.6
320.4

107.6
1,952.0
4,752.5

4
4
13

1.0
.1
9.2

19.4
5.8
683.4

8
30
237

4.7
23.5
288.9

73.6
1,559.3
3,996.9

243
411

95.7
61.1

1,740.7
1,402.7

38
44

3.1
1.5

66.0
54.1

141
292

52.0
53.5

1,579.9
1,251.6

25
262
536

2.2
85.6
223.6

54.7
3,776.8
2,347.8

2
53
56

(2)
4.1
8.0

1.8
211.1
106.2

21
151
355

2.1
77.4
193.6

3,445.7
2,037.6

See footnotes at end of table.




(2
)

21

52.5

Table 9. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

During term of agreement
(negotiation of new
agreement not involved)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

No contract or other
contract status

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries........................................

1 521

216.6

709.6

113

15.0

226.3

314

31.0

947.2

Manufacturing ........................................

1 134

51.8

214.1

33

6.2

115.5

150

14.6

563.6

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, e tc .3 ...........................................

_
7
6

_
3.3
.3

-

24.6
.7

_
6
2

_
.8
.1

_
5.9
63.5
1.3

11
6
8

1.4
.3
.7

28.7
14.9
27.6

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

4
1
2
2
1

2.5
1.0
10.3
2.1
2.3

1
2
-

.1
.1
-

6.8
1.2
-

8
4
3
1
7

.8
1.4
.5
.3
.3

9.6
61.5
2.7
9.3
5.0

-

-

1.2

1.0
2.4

.8
30.0
106.3

Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

.7
.6
(2)

1

.1

.3

1

.1

2.1

-

-

2

13
8

2.4
2.2

15.9
8.7

4
3

.6
.1
1.4 .

-

-

-

-

Number

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

.6

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

(13
2)

Number

No information on
contract status

Workers
involved

_

2.4
2.1
12.6

1
12
18

_

(2)

_

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

5
31

.8
10.1

8.4
32.4

4
3

.9
.5

9.1
4.0

31
26

2.2
2.3

135.8
82.0

42

48.1
39.3
15.4

6
-

1.7
-

6.7
-

3

1

16.9
13.0
.7

-

-

-

.2
.6
.1

5.5
37.1
5.7

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 387

164.8

495.6

80

8.8

110.8

164

16.4

383.6

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

3
257
24

1.8
90.7
20.1

7.0
304.4
58.4

3
2
3

.2
.6
.2

6.8
2.7
2.6

1
4
10

(2
)
1.7
1.9

.8
79.8
11.1

29
15

37.5
3.2

56.1
11.5

9

.9

8

.4

3.4
1.5

26
52

2.1
2.5

35.3
84.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S e rvices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

1
15
43

.2
16.8
41.2

1
13
41

(2
)
1.1
5.4

.1
50.5
43.1

_

30
41

.1
52.8
119.7

9

(2
)
1.5
9.8

1 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
2 Fewer than 50.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar
materials.




9

- .
2

_

1.5
6.7

4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

22

Table 10. Work stoppages by contract status and major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle
during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year
Workers involved

Stoppages

Contract status and major issue
Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages ...............................................

3,885

100.0

1366.3

100.0

33,288.5

100.0

Negotiation of first agreem ent......................
General wage changes...............................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..............................
Wage adjustm ents.......................................
Hours of work ..............................................
Other contractual matters ..........................
Union organization and s e c u rity................
Job se cu rity ..................................................
Plant adm inistration.....................................
Other working conditions............................
Interunion and intraunion matters .............
Not re p o rte d .................................................

341
163
3
2
1
18
124
14
14
1
1
-

8.8
4.2
.1
.1
(’)
.5
3.2
.4
.4
O
O
-

39.1
21.1
.4
.2
(')
1.4
12.5
1.3
1.6
.4
.1
-

2.9
1.5
O
O
0
.1
.9
.1
.1
0
0
-

1,764.8
1,210.1
3.8
2.8
.4
102.3
374.3
32.9
32.4
5.7
.2

5.3
3.6
O
O
0
.3
1.1
.1
.1
O
(’)
“

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening) ....................................................
General wage cha nges...............................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..............................
Wage adjustm ents.......................................
Hours of work ..............................................
Other contractual matters ..........................
Union organization and s e c u rity ................
Job se cu rity ..................................................
Plant adm inistration.....................................
Other working conditions............................
Interunion and intraunion matters .............
Not re ported........................................... ......

2,596
2,171
55
29
5
88
46
119
70
7
4
2

66.8
55.9
1.4
.7
.1
2.3
1.2
3.1
1.8
.2
.1
.1

1064.7
794.8
11.5
37.3
.6
21.9
14.2
166.7
10.8
2.8
3.5
.5

77.9
58.2
.8
2.7
O
1.6
1.0
12.2
.8
.2
.3
O

29,640.5
20,063.2
256.3
2,336.6
13.0
515.2
229.8
3,291.8
2,847.2
54.8
24.2
8.3

89.0
60.3
.8
7.0
(’)
1.5
.7
9.9
8.6
.2
.1
0

During term of agreement (negotiation of
new agreement not involved) ....................
General wage cha nges...............................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..............................
Wage adjustm ents.......................................
Hours of work ..............................................
Other contractual matters ..........................
Union organization and s e c u rity................
Job se cu rity ..................................................
Plant adm inistration.....................................
Other working conditions............................
Interunion and intraunion matters .............
Not re p o rte d .................................................

521
39
10
14
1
20
17
51
268
43
58
-

13.4
1.0
.3
.4
0
.5
.4
1.3
6.9
1.1
1.5
-

216.6
11.2
2.5
4.0
.1
5.4
7.4
31.0
124.3
10.7
20.0
-

15.9
.8
.2
.3
0
.4
.5
2.3
9.1
.8
1.5
-

709.6
75.3
19.6
10.4
.2
26.8
23.8
73.9
389.5
36.1
54.1
-

2.1
.2
.1
O
(’)
.1
.1
.2
1.2
.1
.2
-

No contract or other contract s ta tu s ...........
General wage cha nges...............................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..............................
Wage adjustm ents.......................................
Hours of work ..............................................
Other contractual matters ..........................
Union organization and s e c u rity ................
Job s e cu rity ..................................................
Plant adm inistration.....................................
Other working conditions............................
Interunion and intraunion matters .............
Not re p o rte d .................................................

113
55
4
4
1
7
8
7
25

2.9
1.4
.1
.1
O
.2
.2

15.0
7.1
.3
1.0
.1
.2
.4
.9
4.8

1.1
.5
(’)
.1
0
0

.7
.4

.4

226.3
139.9
3.9
10.5
.3
.6
10.9
8.4
51.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

No information ................................................

314

8.1

31.0

2.3

947.2

2.8

1 Less than 0.05 percent.




1
1

.2
.6

.1

O

0

O

0

.1

0
0

.1
.1

O
O
0

0
0
0
.2
0
0

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sum s o f individ ual item s may not equal
totals.

23

Table 11. Work stoppages by major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages beginning in year
Major issue

Stoppages
Number

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Workers involved
Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages....................................................

3,885

100.0

1366.3

100.0

33,288.5

100.0

General wage ch a n g e s ......................................
General wage increase ...................................
General wage increase plus supplementary
benefits............................................................
General wage increase, hours d e crease......
General wage d e crease..................................
Cost-of-living in c re a s e .....................................
General wage and cost-of-living increase ....
Wages and working conditions ......................

2,601
875

66.9
22.5

852.6
225.1

62.4
16.5

22,020.2
3,520.9

66.1
10.6

1,332
1
1
62
145
185

34.3
0
(1
)
1.6
3.7
4.8'

468.4
(2)
.1
14.8
67.1
77.1

34.3
0
O
1.1
4.9
5.6

13,527.2
.1
.6
705.6
2,988.1
1,277.6

40.6
O
0
2.1
9.0
3.8

Supplementary benefits .....................................
Pensions, insurance, and other welfare
programs..........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay, and other
payments on layoff or separation.................
Premium p a y .............................................. ;......
O th e r..................................................................

79

2.0

15.4

1.1

294.4

.9

44

1.1

6.6

.5

161.7

.5

2
11
22

.1
.3
.6

.4
2.8
5.5

.2
.4

15.3
38.8
78.7

Wage adjustments ....................................... .......
Incentive pay rates or administration .............
Job classification or ra te s ...............................
D owngrading.....................................................
Retroactivity ......................................................
Method of computing p a y ...............................

52
16
26
1
1
8

1.3
.4
.7
O
(1
)
.2

42.9
36.6
4.9
(2)
(2)
1.3

3.1
2.7
.4
0
0
.1

2,361.1
2,315.4
40.4
(2)
.1
5.2

Hours of w o rk ......................................................
Increase.............................................................
D ecre ase...........................................................

9
9
-

.2
.2
-

^9
.9
-

.1
.1
-

14.0
14.0
-

Other contractual m a tters..................................
Duration of c o n tra c t.........................................
Local issues supplementing national
contract............................................................
Unspecified .......................................................

204
12

5.3
.3

35.1
1.6

2.6
.1

875.7
99.4

2.6
.3

6
186

.2
4.8

11.3
22.2

.8
1.6

157.9
618.5

.5
1.9

Union organization and security........................
Recognition (certification) ...............................
Recognition and job or union security issues
Recognition and economic is s u e s.................
Strengthening bargaining position and
economic issues.............................................
Union se cu rity...................................................
Refusal to sign agreem ent..............................
O th e r..................................................................

205
67
4
10

5.3
1.7
.1

34.9
7.8

2.6

.3

1.1

.1

672.6
145.5
38.7
30.3

2.0
.4
.1
.1

47
23
38
16

1.2

9.5
6.7
3.8
5.8

.7
.5

200.5
92.5
127.6
37.5

.6
.3

Job security .........................................................
Seniority and/or la y o ff.....................................
Division of w o rk ................................................
Subcontracting..................................................
New machinery or other technological
issues...............................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc..............................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated
goods................................................................
Job security and economic issues.................
O th e r..................................................................

202
56
5
11

5.2
1.4
.1

201.5
47.7

14.7
3.5

.3

40.3

3.0

3,497.6
446.0
11.9
391.1

10.5
1.3
O
1.2

3

.1
.1

2.3

5

28.9
19.8

.1
.1

1
91
30

0
2.3
.8

(2)
100.1
7.5

.1
7.3

1.4
2,499.8
98.8

0
7.5

Plant administration ............................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, etc...............
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, etc.
Supervision........................................................
Shift work ..........................................................
Work assignm ents............................................
Speedup (w orkload).........................................
Work ru le s .........................................................
Overtime work ..................................................
Discharge and discipline .................................
O th e r..................................................................

383
20
29

9.9
.5
.7

10.4

34
10

.9

141.8
3.6
10.1
3.0
5.2
7.4
2.9
7.3
3.7
50.8
47.9

3,327.1
15.4
20.3
8.2
35.7
26.3
7.1
97.8
50.3
288.2
2,777.8

10.0
O
.1
0
.1
.1
0

22
22

32
22

107
85

.6

1.0
.4

.6
.6
.3

.8

.6
2.8

2.2

See footnotes at end of table.




24

.2

2.2

.6

O

.6

0

.3

.4

.2

.2
(’)

.6

.3

.7

.2

.4
.5

.2

.5

.3
3.7
3.5

O
.1
.2
7.1
7.0
.1
O
O
0
0
(')
-

.4
.1

.3

.3
.2

.9
8.3

Table 11. Continued-W ork stoppages by major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages beginning in year
Major issue
Number

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Workers involved

Stoppages
Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Other working c o n ditions...................................
A rbitration..........................................................
Grievance procedures .....................................
Unspecified contract v io la tio n s ......................

55
9
6
40

1.4
.2
.2
1.0

14.4
3.3
1.9
9.2

1.1
.2
.1
.7

99.2
37.0
16.0
46.2

0.3
.1
O
.1

Interunion or intraunion m a tters........................
Union rivalry 3 ...................................................
Jurisdiction-representation of workers 4 ........
Jurisdiction-work assignm ent..........................
Union administration 5 .......................................
Sym pathy...........................................................
O th e r..................................................................

65
2
10
4
49
-

1.7

23.9

1.7

79.0

.2
-

.1
.3
.1
1.3
-

.1
1.8
.6
21.5
-

(')
1.6
-

.2
6.4
.6
71.8
-

Not reported ........................................................

30

.8

3.0

.2

47.6

-

1 Less than 0.05 percent.
2 Fewer than 50.
3 Includes disputes between unions of different affiliation, such as those
of AFL-CIO affiliates and independent organizations.
4 Includes disputes between unions, usually of the same affiliation or




-

-

0
.1

-

0
0
0
.2
.1

between 2 locals of the same union, over representation of workers.
5
Includes disputes within a union over the administration of union
affairs or regulations.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

25

Table 12. Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

General wage changes

Total

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Supplementary benefits

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

All industries........................................

1 3,885

1366.3

33,288.5

2,601

852.6

22,020.2

79

15.4

294.4

Manufacturing ........................................

1 1,809

453.3

17,153.6

1,319

344.0

12,538.0

41

7.9

212.5

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

155
33
37

32.8
5.5
2.8

810.3
165.1
61.6

112
23
13

25.0
4.8
1.5

564.5
143.8
20.6

3
-

.4
-

5.7
-

-

-

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ...............

70
60
68
33
89

9.8
15.2
18.4
8.0
10.7

419.5
310.0
634.3
131.9
469.3

51
48
54
19
71

7.9
13.1
16.3
4.9
8.2

330.7
282.6
575.9
95.6
340.4

1
1
2
2

.2
.1
1.3
1.0

1.8
2.6
6.3
51.4

19

64.8

3,763.5

16

64.6

3,746.9

“

61
7
118
175

8.6
3.1
15.0
41.9

241.9
41.8
359.1
1,746.6

50
5
84
130

7.3
1.8
11.0
32.2

220.8
17.1
278.9
1,308.2

7
6

.7
1.3

280
280

48.9
62.2

1,400.3
2,759.1

212
203

39.9
48.8

1,076.3
1,340.9

8
7

1.4
.8

22.7
33.6

140
114
29
42

45.2
48.6
6.0
5.8

753.4
2,679.2
202.1
204.6

76

588.9
1,330.3
72.5
203.2

3
1

.7

25
40

23.6
23.5
3.7
5.8

-

7.3
-

81.9

Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass p roducts.............
Primary metal industries..........................
Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

88

-

Number

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

“
-

(3)

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 2,080

913.0

16,134.9

1,286

508.6

9,482.2

38

7.5

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

19
297
287

7.9
116.6
320.4

107.6
1,952.0
4,752.5

11
26
216

5.5
21.6
211.8

81.8
1,488.8
3,159.0

1
6
6

2.2

243
411

95.7
61.1

1,740.7
1,402.7

159
286

50.9
35.9

1,524.2
677.0

5
9

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S e rvices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

25
262
536

2.2

54.7
3,776.8
2,347.8

17
172
399

1.8
35.6
145.4

43.4
1,048.3
1,459.8

_

85.6
223.6

See footnotes at end of table.




26

1
10

_

(3
)
21.2
59.4

.4

.1

2.2

1.9

17.7
14.4

.3
1.4

9.3
19.2

_
(3)
1.5

_

(3
)
19.1

Table 12. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Union organization and
security

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Plant administration

Job security

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries........................................

1 205

34.9

672.6

202

201.5

3,497.6

383

141.8

3,327.1

11.2

308.7

88

24.6

708.7

117

31.9

2,737.2

_

_

_

_
68.2

_

_

7

.9
.1

9.2
.8
.4

.7
.2
.8
.6
.3

11.5
.9
6.0
2.1
16.7

Manufacturing ........................................

1 79

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................

_

8
2
12

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

4
1
4
5
4

Petroleum refining and related
industries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

_

1.3
.1
.7

61.5
9.2
19.9

8
-

2.2
-

.1

3.9
.8
3.3
23.2
16.2

.3
.7
.3

“
6

.4

-

-

-

-

3
3

2
5
4
2
5

(3
)
1.3
1.0
.1
.7

3.9
21.6
46.3
2.2
43.2

6
1
4
2
2

1.0

(3
)

-

-

1

(3)

14.2

(3
)

_

.2

-

-

.2
.6
.7
1.7

2.4
7.3
3.7
60.7

1

.1

7
13

1.4
3.8

.7
16.9
230.1

.1

2.7
34.3

1
1
7
5

8
10

.5
.7

17.4
65.4

7
16

1.3
3.8

70.6
126.0

17
21

3.1
4.3

87.0
1,114.9

4
3
1
1

1.5
4.1
.2
(3
)

19.3
13.7
2.5
.4

14
8
2
-

3.9
5.0
2.0
-

44.6
80.5
127.0
.2

23
6
1
-

7.3
8.2
(3
)

60.8
1,179.1
.1
-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 126

23.7

363.9

114

176.9

2,789.0

266

109.9

589.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary s e rv ic e s ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

2
4
16

.7
1.6
8.6

12.7
3.3
100.3

2
26
15

.1
9.7
72.6

4.5
89.8
1,264.7

1
167
9

.1
58.0
15.4

2.5
214.3
46.6

22
27

2.3
.8

29.8
40.5

17
14

14.4
15.8

94.3
451.4

17
15

25.3
3.7

50.9
151.6

1
37
17

(3
)
3.1

1.0
91.5
84.8

1
11
28

(3)
9.7
54.5

.3
194.1
689.9

1
12
44

(3
)
1.1
6.2

2.1
95.7
26.2

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipment .......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S ervices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................
*

2
4

(3)

6.6

-

See footnotes at end of table.




27

-

-

Table 12. C o n tin ued -W o rk stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Other contractual matters

Hours of work

Wage adjustments

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries........................................

1 52

42.9

2,361.1

9

0.9

14.0

204

35.1

875.7

Manufacturing ........................................

1 29

4.6

47.1

5

.6

13.0

91

17.6

504.9

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................

_
2
2

_
.1
.3

_
.8
.5

_
1
-

_
.2
-

3.0
-

11
2
4

1.8
.3
.1

91.3
6.2
4.5

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

1
2
1
1

.3
.1

.8
2.5
.8
.1

1
-

-

3
2
1
1
4

.6
.1

-

1.1
-

.3
.1

66.2
1.6
.3
.6
1.4

-

-

-

-

2

.1

15.4

3.5
3.6
17.5

_
1
2

_
-

_

.4

.3
8.6

1
5
6

.4
.8

.2
31.9
12.4

_
-

_
-

23
12

2.2
1.6

113.3
62.6

2.1
7.1
-

Petroleum refining and related
industries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts .................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

(3
)

(3
)

-

-

2
5
4

7
.6
.8

(3
)

(3)

(3)

(3)

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

1
3

.1
.1

6.5
8.0

_
-

5
-

1.5
-

2.3
-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6
8
-

-

22.2
74.6
.3

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 23

38.2

2,314.0

4

.3

1.1

113

17.5

370.8

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

1
7
-

.1
2.2
-

.4
4.6
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
15
8

4.0
6.4

85.8
140.7

2
6

.8
.3

15.2
3.9

2
1

.1
.1

.5
.3

14
33

1.0
1.4

14.3
51.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S e rvices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

1
3
3

.1
34.0
.7

2.6
2,286.0
1.4

-

_

_

-

-

-

.1

.2

4
12
27

.2
.6
4.0

5.3
47.5
26.1

See footnotes at end of table.




28

1

Table 12. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Issue not reported

Interunion or intraunion
matters

Other working conditions

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries........................................

1 55

14.4

99.2

65

23.9

79.0

30

3.0

47.6

Manufacturing ........................................

1 21

7.0

51.3

6

3.0

4.9

13

.8

27.4

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, e tc .1 ...........................................
23

_
1
-

_
.8
-

_
5.7
-

_
1
-

_
.3
-

.3
-

_
1
3
3

-

.1
5.2
15.8

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fix tu re s...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u c ts .......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ...............

1
-

.2
-

.7
-

1
-

-

1
-

-

“

“

1

.7

-

-

4

.7

17.4
15.0

1
5

(3
)
1.3

1.7
5.4

_
2

8
-

5.5
-

1
1
-

2.5
.9
-

Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................
Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation e q uipm e nt.......................
Instruments, e tc .5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

(3
)

-

(3)

(3)
.2
.1

(3)
-

.1
-

“

- '

“

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

(3
)

_

_

.6

1.2

3
1

(3
)

-

.4
.4

4.8
1.1

-

-

3.2
-

-

-

1.2
.9
-

-

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 34

7.4

47.9

59

20.8

74.1

17

2.2

20.2

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........ ................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

1
4
3

1.2
1.4
1.0

3.6
3.4
13.3

_
42
8

_
15.9
.9

44.5
3.8

_
6

_
1.7

_
9.7

2
10

.6
1.3

2.1
3.7

2
3

.1
.2

.2
.5

1
7

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ......
S ervices.....................................................
Governm ent6 ............................................

10
4

_

_

.9
1.0

_

1 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar
materials.
3 Fewer than 50.




_

5.8
16.1

1
3

,

_
.3
3.5

_
.8
24.3

-

-

(3
)
.2

_

_

3
-

.3
-

(3
)
3.3
_

7.2
-

4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Incrudes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

29

Table 13. Work stoppages by major issue and size, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Major issue

Total

6
and under
20
workers

20
and under
100
workers

100
and under
250
workers

250
and under
500
workers

500
and under
1,000
workers

1,000
and under
5,000
workers

5.000
and under
10.000
workers

10,000
workers
or
more

Stoppages beginning in year
All issues ................................................

3,885

507

1,572

893

451

275

156

17

14

General wage changes ...........................
Supplementary b e n e fits...........................
Wage adjustments ...................................
Hours of w o rk ...........................................
Other contractual m a tte rs .......................
Union organization and se cu rity.............
Job security...............................................
Plant administration..................................
Other working conditions ........................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs .............
Not reported..............................................

2,601
79
52
9
204
205
202
383
55
65
30

307
5
7
2
55
56
20
30
5
6
14

1,095
35
18
2
83
100
60
132
18
20
9

616
21
14
5
35
28
48
90
15
18
3

296
11
6
17
6
32
63
9
9
2

160
4
5

110
3
4
7
12
11
3
6

11
1
4
1

6
1
5
2

-

10
8
21
54
5
6
2

-

-

-

-

-

-

W orkers involved
All issues ................................................

1,366.3

6.3

80.5

141.0

157.9

185.4

295.5

113.2

386.6

General wage changes .......................
Supplementary b e nefits...........................
Wage adjustments ...................................
Hours of w o rk ...........................................
Other contractual m a tte rs .......................
Union organization and secu rity.............
Job secu rity...............................................
Plant administration..................................
Other working conditions ........................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs.............
Not reported..............................................

852.6
15.4
42.9
.9
35.1
34.9
201.5
141.8
14.4
23.9
3.0

4.0
.1
.1
.6
.7
.2
.4
.1
.1
.2

57.2
1.6
.9
.1
3.9
4.3
2.9
7.4
.9
.8
.4

96.2
3.5
2.3
.8
5.5
4.2
7.8
15.0
2.4
2.8
.6

103.1
4.0
2.0
5.8
2.0
10.5
23.6
3.2
3.0
.6

108.1
3.0
3.6
7.3
5.6
13.7
35.1
3.7
4.0
1.3

205.1
3.3
12.0
18.1
20.0
19.7
4.1
13.1
-

72.6
9.0
24.2
7.4

206.3
25.0
122.0
33.3

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
All issues ................................................

33,288.5

178.9

2,193.1

3,171.0

3,441.0

3,460.5

5,643.3

2,944.3

12,256.3

General wage changes ...........................
Supplementary b e nefits...........................
Wage adjustments ...................................
Hours of w o rk ...........................................
Other contractual m a tte rs .......................
Union organization and secu rity.............
Job secu rity...............................................
Plant administration..................................
Other working conditions ........................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs .............
Not reported..............................................

22,020.2
294.4
2,361.1
14.0
875.7
672.6
3,497.6
3,327.1
99.2
79.0
47.6

117.2
2.5
.9
1.3
14.3
21.4
10.1
5.2
.5
.6
5.0

1,535.6
39.8
21.3
.5
125.0
224.3
103.7
107.2
7.9
4.0
23.8

2,389.0
89.3
22.9
12.2
212.6
99.0
169.8
142.9
22.9
4.0
6.4

2,639.2
107.4
11.7

2,818.4
40.9
18.2

4,711.1
14.5

1,493.9

6,315.8

1 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal




-

205.1
124.5
240.7
87.1
10.5
5.5
9.3

-

93.7
30.0
272.8
131.0
46.0
6.3
3.2

-

224.9
173.5
365.1
84.1
11.4
58.7
-

totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

30

-

-

936.0
_
398.9
115.6
-

1,350.0
1,936.4
2,654.1
-

-

-

Table 14. Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Workers
involved

Number

All industries ...................................................................

3 3,885

27.2

1,366.3

33,288.5

0.14

M anufacturing....................................................................

3 1,809

39.7

453.3

17,153.6

.34

Ordnance and accessories ................................................
Guns, howitzers, mortars, and related
equipment ....................................................................
Ammunition, except for small a rm s ................................
Tanks, and tank com ponents..........................................
Sighting and fire control equipment ...............................
Small a rm s .........................................................................
Small arms am m unition....................................................
Ordnance and accessories not elsewhere
classified.......................................................................

-

-

-■

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

155
38
21

23.1
36.1
14.1

32.8
6.2
2.6

810.3
312.7
26.1

11
13
18
6
1
36

34.9
18.4
22.8
19.0
24.0
18.2

2.3
3.2
2.8
6.9
.2
7.2

63.2
51.6
102.5
95.0
3.6
113.9

11

20.6

1.4

41.7

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

33
3

24.8
38.2

5.5
.5

165.1
77.7

3

13.7

1.0

9.4

3

16.5

.6

7.3

1
5

27.0
44.2

.2
.4

4.0
11.8

5
2
5
6

7.7
12.4
71.4
17.2

.7
1.0
.7
.4

4.1
9.4
33.7
7.8

37

14.9

2.8

61.6

3

14.0

.3

3.7

4
15

10.2
10.3

.6
1.0

4.5
22.2

4

33.5

.2
.3
.4

5.2
3.5
.1
8.3
14.2

9.8
.1
3.7

419.5
2.6
172.5

Food and kindred p ro d u cts................................................
Meat products ...................................................................
Dairy products ...................................................................
Canned and preserved fruits, vegetables,
and sea food s...............................................................
Grain mill products............................................................
Bakery products ................................................................
Sugar ..................................................................................
Confectionery and related p ro d u cts...............................
Beverages..........................................................................
Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred
products........................................................................
Tobacco manufactures .......................................................
C igarettes...........................................................................
Cigars .................................................................................
Tobacco (chewing and smoking) and s n u ff..................
Tobacco stemming and redrying ....................................
Textile mill p ro d u c ts ............................................................
Broadwoven fabric mills, c o tto n ......................................
Broadwoven fabric mills, man-made fiber
and s ilk .........................................................................
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool including
dyeing and fin is h in g ....................................................
Narrow fabrics and other smallwares mills:
cotton, wool, silk, and man-made fib e r....................
Knitting mills ......................................................................
Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool
fabrics and knit g o o d s ................................................
Floor covering mills ..........................................................
Yarn and thread m ills .......................................................
Miscellaneous textile goods ............................................
Apparel and other finished products made from
fabrics and similar m aterials.........................................
Men’s, youths’, and boys’ suits, coats, and
overcoats......................................................................
Men's, youths’, and boys’ furnishings, work
clothing, and allied garments ....................................
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerw ear....................
Women’s, misses’, children’s, and infants’
undergarm ents.............................................................
Hats, caps, and m illinery..................................................
Girls’, children’s, and infants’ outerwear .......................
Fur g o o d s ...........................................................................
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories........................
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products .....................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture..................
Logging camps and logging contractors........................
Sawmills and planing m ills ...............................................

-

.

’

-

3
1
7

16.7
5.0
23.6

70
2
19

46.6
49.6
54.6

See footnotes at end of table.




.

31

O

.19

.08

.02

.27

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Millwork, veneer, plywood, and
prefabricated structural wood products....................
Wooden containers...........................................................
Miscellaneous wood p roducts.........................................

Workers
involved

Number

.4

220.6
.6
23.2

28.2
27.6
35.8
39.0

15.2
10.4
1.1
.5

310.0
207.8
28.2
13.5

12
3

27.3
12.8

2.9
.3

56.8
3.7

68
1
16
4

43.4
22.0
59.8
21.4

18.4
.6
9.6
.8

634.3
9.7
437.9
36.9

22
23
2

24.8
20.4
76.8

4.3
3.1
.1

98.6
44.4
6.7

Printing, publishing, and allied industries..........................
Newspapers: publishing and printing .............................
Periodicals: publishing and p rin tin g ................................
Books .................................................................................
Miscellaneous publishing .................................................
Commercial p rin ting..........................................................
Manifold business fo rm s ..................................................
Greeting card publishing..................................................
Blankbooks, loose leaf binders and
bookbinding w o rk ........................................................
Service industries for the printing tra d e .........................

33
10
3
1
16
1

18.0
15.0

8.0
5.0
.8
.2
1.7

131.9
64.9
6.2
5.4
38.8
.5

1
1

74.0
85.0

Chemicals and allied industries.........................................
Industrial inorganic and organic c he m icals...................
Plastics materials and synthetic resins,
synthetic rubber, and other man-made
fibers, except g la s s .....................................................
D ru g s ..................................................................................
Soap, detergents and cleaning
preparations, perfumes, cosmetics, and
other toilet preparations.............................................
Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, and
allied p ro d u c ts .............................................................
Gum and wood che m icals...............................................
Agricultural chemicals ......................................................
Miscellaneous chemical products...................................

89
31

50.3
39.4

10.7
3.9

469.3
128.0

11
10

37.5
107.5

1.1
1.1

67.9
84.0

5

62.2

1.0

44.7

9
11
2
10

16.0
51.6
62.9
24.7

.5
2.4
.3
.4

8.4
107.8
14.0
14.4

Petroleum refining and related industries.........................
Petroleum re fining.............................................................
Paving and roofing m aterials...........................................
Miscellaneous products of petroleum and
coal ...... .........................................................................

19
2
11

82.1
82.2
86.0

64.8
63.2
.9

3,763.5
3,670.4
56.1

6

62.1

.7

37.0

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics p ro d u cts ..................
Tires and inner tubes .......................................................
Rubber fo o tw e a r...............................................................
Reclaimed ru bber..............................................................
Fabricated rubber products not elsewhere
classified.......................................................................
Miscellaneous plastics p ro d u c ts.....................................

61
3
1
1

30.9
9.0
21.0
4.0

8.6
.6
.6
.1

241.9
5.3
9.1
.4

16
40

39.5
32.1

2.1
5.1

91.2
135.9

Leather and leather products.............................................
Leather tanning and finishin g..........................................
Industrial leather belting and p a c k in g ............................
Boot and shoe cut stock and fin d in g s ...........................
Footwear, except ru b b e r..................................................

7
1
1
2

17.7
14.0
3.0
24.9

3.1
.8
.1
1.0

41.8
8.0
3.1
18.3

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

38
1
10

40.8
8.0
56.4

Furniture and fix tu re s ..........................................................
Household furniture ..........................................................
Office furniture......... ..........................................................
Public buildings and related fu rn itu re .............................
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office
and store fix tu re s ........................................................
Miscellaneous furniture and fix tu re s............... ...............

60
38
6
1

Paper and allied products ..................................................
Pulp m ills ............................................................................
Paper mills, except building paper mills ........................
Paperboard m ills ...............................................................
Converted paper and paperboard products,
except containers and boxes ....................................
Paperboard containers and bo x e s ..................................
Building paper and building board m ills .........................

-

11.3
34.0
30.7
-

-

.3

2.0

See footnotes at end of table.




5.6
(4)

32

0.23

.36

.04

14.9
1.1

O
0

.17

7.28

.14

.07

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Workers
involved

Number

Leather gloves and m itte n s.............................................
Luggage .............................................................................
Handbags and other personal leather goods ...............
Leather goods not elsewhere c lassified........................

_
2
1

15.2
19.0

_
1.1
.1

_
11.3
1.1

Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u c ts........................................
Flat glass ...........................................................................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blo w n ........................
Glass products, made from purchased g la s s ...............
Cement, hydraulic.............................................................
Structural clay products ...................................................
Pottery and related products...........................................
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.......................
Cut stone and stone products ........................................
Abrasives, asbestos, and miscellaneous
nonmetallic mineral products.....................................

118
6
8
8
1
9
10
59
2

31.5
54.8
32.7
69.3
15.0
18.1
20.9
22.5
28.3

15.0
1.2
2.7
1.0
.1
1.1
1.8
4.2
.2

359.1
46.6
61.0
48.6
1.0
14.1
39.2
71.2
3.5

15

33.0

2.7

73.9

Primary metal industries .....................................................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
and finishing m ills ........................................................
Iron and steel foundries...................................................
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
m e ta ls ...........................................................................
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous m e ta ls .......................................................
Rolling, drawing, and extruding of
nonferrous m e ta ls .......................................................
Nonferrous foundries........................................................
Miscellaneous primary metal products...........................

175

43.4

41.9

1,746.6

49
46

21.7
35.0

12.9
10.3

337.6
371.9

4

99.0

8.4

580.4

11

18.3

.8

10.5

30
24
11

22.9
33.3
31.7

5.1
3.2
1.3

99.6
318.3
28.3

280
8
19

33.9
15.8
57.4

48.9
1.5
3.9

1,400.3
23.6
165.3

6
138

20.1
38.3

.9
18.6

12.7
563.3

6
41
18
2
42

15.2
29.9
40.1
64.5
22.1

.7
14.5
.9
.6
7.3

13.7
358.9
26.5
46.1
190.2

280
29
4

34.8
23.9
7.3

62.2
8.1
2.5

2,759.1
130.3
789.9

51
55

47.1
44.8

10.4
8.5

452.2
278.2

48
40
8
23
22

48.3
31.6
52.1
18.6
26.9

7.9
9.8
2.7
7.1
5.4

536.0
261.8
94.0
99.6
117.1

140

21.4

45.2

753.4

19
39
16
23

21.5
11.9
15.9
22.7

6.8
12.1
5.8
5.5

105.8
128.3
88.0
102.4

3
11
6

20.2
15.6
5.2

.5
3.6
2.6

11.2
39.2
11.9

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipm e nt..................
Metal cans .........................................................................
Cutlery, handtools, and general hardw are.....................
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbing fix tu re s .........................................................
Fabricated structural metal products..............................
Screw machine products, bolts, nuts,
screws, and riv e ts .......................................................
Metal stam pings................................................................
Coating, engraving, and allied s e rv ic e s.........................
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.........................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products ......................
Machinery, except electrical...............................................
Engines and turbines........................................................
Farm machinery and equipm e nt.....................................
Construction, mining, and materials
handling machinery and equipm ent..........................
Metalworking machinery and e q uipm e nt.......................
Special industry machinery, except
metalworking machinery.............................................
General industrial machinery and equipm ent................
Office, computing, and accounting m a chines...............
Service industry m achines...............................................
Miscellaneous machinery, except e le c tric a l..................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...........................................................................
Electric transmission and distribution
equipment ....................................................................
Electrical industrial ap p a ra tu s.........................................
Household appliances......................................................
Electric lighting and wiring equipment ...........................
Radio and television receiving sets, except
communication ty p e s ..................................................
Communication e q uipm e nt..............................................
Electronic components and accessories.......................

See footnotes at end of table.




33

0.22

.60

.37

.44

.14

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Workers
involved

Number

Miscellaneous electrical machinery,
equipment, and s u p p lie s............................................

23

45.6

8.3

266.6

Transportation equipm ent...................................................
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipm ent...............
Aircraft and p a rts ..............................................................
Ship and boatbuilding and repairing...............................
Railroad equipm ent...........................................................
Motorcycles, bicycles, and p a rts .....................................
Miscellaneous transportation eq uipm e nt.......................

114
67
17
10
6
1
13

26.1
28.3
25.5
24.1
8.6
41.1

48.6
24.5
4.4
12.9
3.9
1.5
1.4

2,679.2
1,675.5
92.9
648.1
101.6
68.1
93.0

0.58

29

49.5

6.0

202.1

.13

5

21.7

.4

6.6

12
-

68.8
-

4.0
-

181.8
-

5
2
5

14.1
3.8
21.6

.9
.4
.2

9.4
1.5
2.9

Professional, scientific, and controlling
instruments; photographic and optical
goods; watches and c lo c k s ..........................................
Engineering, laboratory, and scientific and
research instruments and associated
equipment ....................................................................
Instruments for measuring, controlling, and
indicating physical characteristics ..................................
Optical instruments and lenses.......................................
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments
and supplies.................................................................
Ophthalmic g o o d s .............................................................
Photographic equipment and sup plies...........................
Watches, clocks, clockwork operated devices
and p a rts ......................................................................

-

-

-

-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...........................
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware .............................
Musical instrum ents........................................................
Toys, amusement, sporting and athletic
goods ............................................................................
Pens, pencils, and other office and
artists’ m a terials..........................................................
Costume jewelry, costume novelties,
buttons, and miscellaneous notions,
* except precious metals ..............................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing indu stries........................

42
3
3

49.5
108.7
33.9

5.8
.4
.9

204.6
28.1
22.0

12

60.3

1.6

67.2

3

64.5

.4

18.8

1
20

31.0
37.1

0
2.5

.5
68.0

Nonm anufacturing.............................................................

3 2,080

21.1

913.0

16,134.9

.09

Agriculture, forestry, and fishe ries.....................................
Agricultural production......................................................
Agricultural services and hunting and
tra pping.........................................................................
Forestry ..............................................................................
Fisheries.............................................................................

19
12

12.0
10.2

7.9
6.3

107.6
85.2

.03

7
-

19.2
-

1.6
-

22.4
-

M inin g....................................................................................
Metal mining ......................................................................
Iron o r e s ..........................................................................
Copper o r e s ....................................................................
Lead and zinc o r e s ........................................................
Gold and silver ores ......................................................
Bauxite and aluminum o r e s ..........................................
Ferroalloy ores except vanadium .................................
Metal mining s ervice s....................................................
Miscellaneous metal ores .............................................
Anthracite m in in g ..............................................................
Bituminous coal and lig n ite ..............................................
Crude petroleum and natural g a s ...................................
Crude petroleum and natural g a s ................................
Natural gas liquids .........................................................
Oil and gas field services .............................................
Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic
minerals, except fu e ls .................................................
Dimension stone ............................................................

297
6
3
1
1
1
267
1
1

23.2
105.7
103.4
8.0
239.0
38.0
4.8
28.0
28.0

116.6
20.8
19.9
.1
.5
.2
94.0
.1
.1

1,952.0
1,515.3
1,420.5
.6
88.3
5.9
406.8
1.2
1.2

23
“

19.3

1.8
“

28.7
“

See footnotes at end of table.




34

.20

.73

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Crushed and broken stone,
including riprap .........................................................
Sand and g ra v e l.............................................................
Clay, ceramic, and refractory m inerals........................
Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining ........................
Nonmetallic minerals (except fuels)
services......................................................................
Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals,
except fu e ls ...............................................................
Contract construction..........................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas,
and sanitary services.....................................................
Railroad transportation.....................................................
Railroads .........................................................................
Sleeping car and other passenger car
service .......................................................................
Railway express s e rvice ................................................
Local and suburban transit and interurban
highway passenger transportation............................
Local and suburban passenger
transportation............................................................
T a xic a b s ..........................................................................
Intercity and rural highway passenger
transportation............................................................
Passenger transportation charter s e rv ic e ...................
School buses ..................................................................
Terminal and service facilities for motor
vehicle passenger transportation...........................
Motor freight transportation and
w arehousing.................................................................
Trucking, local and long d is ta n c e ................................
Public w arehousing........................................................
Terminal and joint terminal maintenance
facilities for motor freight
transportation............................................................
Water transportation.........................................................
Deep sea foreign transportation ..................................
Deep sea domestic transportation...............................
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway
transportation............................................................
Transportation on rivers and ca n a ls............................
Local water transportation............................................
Services incidental to water
transportation............................................................
Transportation by a i r ........................................................
Air transportation, certificated
ca rrie rs .......................................................................
Air transportation, noncertificated
ca rrie rs.......................................................................
Fixed facilities and services related to
air transportation ......................................................
Pipe line transportation ....................................................
Transportation services....................................................
Freight forw ardin g..........................................................
Arrangement of transportation .....................................
Stock y a rd s .....................................................................
Rental of railroad c a rs ...................................................
Miscellaneous services incidental to
transportation............................................................
Communication..................................................................
Telephone communication (wire or ra d io )..................
Telegraph communication (wire or radio) ...................
Radio broadcasting and television...............................
Communication services, not’ elsewhere
classified....................................................................
Electric, gas, and sanitary s ervice s................................

21.4
29.0
14.1
1.0

13
5
3
1

0.9
.3
.5
.1

_

Number

12.6
9.6
4.8
.1
_
1.5

1

-

287

20.2

320.4

4,752.5

0.43

243
5
5

16.0
2.0
2.0

95.7
29.1
29.1

1,740.7
69.9
69.9

.14

O

_

_

-

-

-

-

37

12.9

7.1

79.0

15
9

6.6
33.7

4.7
1.5

29.2
39.7

6
2
5

9.0
21.5
9.3

-3
.3
.3

3.0
4.8
2.3

_

x

_

_

110
84
26

24.7
20.8
28.0

16.3
7.5
8.8

313.0
129.6
183.4

8

25.4

2.0

35.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
3

73.0
19.0
19.1

.1
.3
.1

6.8
4.2
.8

3
9

22.6
18.7

1.5
14.5

23.7
193.0

7

18.7

14.3

191.3

2
2
6
3
1
1

16.8
40.3
18.3
7.2
2.0
21.0

.1
.1
1.2
.2
.8

1.7
2.0
23.7
.9
.1
11.9
10.9
89.1
69.4
.5
15.4
3.8
935.5

O

1
22
11
1
5

60.7

.2
7.5
6.8
.1
.4

5
44

21.8
35.9

.2
18.0

8.4
5.0
-

See footnotes at end of table.




Workers
involved

35

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Number

Workers
involved

Electric companies and systems .................................
Gas companies and s y s te m s .......................................
Combination companies and system s.........................
Water s up ply...................................................................
Sanitary se rv ic e s............................................................
Steam s u p p ly ..................................................................
Irrigation sys te m s...........................................................

11
8
6
5
14
-

56.7
84.2
7.4
14.7
13.1
-

4.4
2.4
10.3
.3
.4
“

183.3
189.2
551.9
4.9
6.2
-

Wholesale and retail trade .................................................
Wholesale tra d e ................................................................
Motor vehicle and automotive equipm ent...................
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products ........................
Piece goods, notions, a p p a re l......................................
Groceries and related products ...................................
Farm products-raw m aterials........................................
Electrical g o o d s ..............................................................
Hardware, and plumbing and heating
equipment and supplies ..........................................
Machinery, equipment, and supplies ...........................
Miscellaneous wholesalers ...........................................
Retail trade ........................................................................
Building materials, hardware, and farm
equipment d e alers....................................................
Lumber and other building material
dealers ....................................................................
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
equipment d e a le rs.................................................
Paint, glass, and wallpaper s to re s ............................
Electrical supply s to re s ...............................................
Hardware and farm equipment d e a le rs....................
General merchandise stores ........................................
Department sto re s.......................................................
Mail order houses........................................................
Variety s to re s ...............................................................
Merchandising machine op erators............................
Direct selling establishm ents.....................................
Miscellaneous general merchandise
stores ......................................................................
Food s to re s .....................................................................
Grocery s to re s .............................................................
Meat and fish (seafood) m a rk e ts..............................
Fruit stores and vegetable m a rk e ts ..........................
Candy, nuts, and confectionery s to re s .....................
Dairy products s to re s ..................................................
Retail ba keries.............................................................
Miscellaneous food stores .........................................
Automotive dealers and gasoline service
stations ......................................................................
Motor vehicle dealers (new and used
cars) ........................................................................
Motor vehicle dealers (used cars o n ly )....................
Tire, battery, and accessory dealers ........................
Gasoline service s ta tio n s ...........................................
Miscellaneous aircraft, marine, and
automotive d e a le rs ................................................
Apparel and accessory s to re s ......................................
Men’s and boys’ clothing and
furnishings stores ..................................................
Women’s ready-to-wear s to re s..................................
Women’s accessory and specialty s to re s ................
Children’s and infants’ wear stores ..........................
Family clothing s to re s .................................................
Shoe s to re s ..................................................................
Custom ta ilo rs ..............................................................
Furrier and fur s h o p s ..................................................
Miscellaneous apparel and accessory
stores ......................................................................

411
252
24
10
14
45
4
18

25.1
22.8
25.5
42.0
21.0
17.1
31.2
14.8

61.1
21.5
2.1
.6
.6
6.0
.2
1.7

1,402.7
528.8
145.9
22.0
16.7
99.8
4.0
18.6

9
36
92
159

34.7
41.0
18.1
26.3

.7
3.0
6.6
39.6

21.5
107.9
92.4
873.9

19

14.6

2.0

49.8

17

14.2

2.0

44.6

2
12
7

26.3
-

.1
2.2
1.8
.3
.1
-

1.2
4.0
40.9
29.6
7.5
3.8
-

-

23.5
22.5

-

-

3
2
-

22.1
39.7
-

_

_

_

27.3
27.4
8.0
2.0

29.4
29.4
0
0
(4)

586.2
585.3
.7
.1

48

28.4

2.5

76.2

36

31.3

1.5

38.5

.9
.1

36.6
.8

.5

.3
10.2

.5

10.2

-

-

8
2
2
2

21.2
26.9

2

-

20.0
14.0

26.9

O

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




_

35
32
1
1
1

36

..

■

0.03

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Furniture, home furnishings, and
equipment s to re s ......................................................
Furniture, home furnishings, and
equipment stores, except appliances .................
Household appliance stores ......................................
Radio, television, and music s to re s ..........................
Eating and drinking places ...........................................
Miscellaneous retail stores ...........................................
Drug stores and proprietary s to re s ...........................
Liquor s to re s ................................................................
Antique stores and secondhand stores ...................
Book and stationery s to re s ........................................
Sporting goods stores and bicycle
shops .......................................................................
Farm and garden supply stores ................................
Jewelry s to re s ..............................................................
Fuel and ice d e a le rs ...................................................
Retail stores, not elsewhere
cla ssified.................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ..................................
Banking ..............................................................................
Federal reserve ba nks...................................................
Commercial and stock savings ba nks.........................
Mutual savings b a n k s ....................................................
Trust companies not engaged in deposit
banking ......................................................................
Establishments performing functions
closely related to b a n k in g .......................................
Credit agencies other than banks ..................................
Rediscount and financing institutions for
credit agencies other than banks ..........................
Savings and loan associations.....................................
Agricultural credit institutions........................................
Peronal credit institutions..............................................
Business credit institutions ...........................................
Loan correspondents and brokers...............................
Security and commodity brokers, dealers,
exchanges, and services ...........................................
Security brokers dealers, and flotation
com panies.................................................................
Commodity contracts brokers and de alers.................
Security and commodity exchanges............................
Services allied with the exchange of
securities or commodities .......................................
Insurance carriers .............................................................
Life insurance .................................................................
Accident and health insurance.....................................
Fire, marine and casualty insurance............................
Surety insurance.............................................................
Title insurance ................................................................
Insurance carriers, not elsewhere
classified....................................................................
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.........................
Real estate ........................................................................
Real estate operators (except developers)
and lessors................................................................
Agents, brokers, and m anagers...................................
Title abstract com panies...............................................
Subdividers and developers .........................................
Operative b u ild ers..........................................................
Combinations of real estate, insurance,
loans, law o ffic e s ........................................................
Holding and other investment com panies.....................
Holding companies ........................................................
Investment companies ..................................................
T ru s ts ...............................................................................
Miscellaneous investing institutions.............................

Number

0.5

6.1

.5

5.6
.5

6

16.0

5
1
14
23
8
2

16.1
15.0
30.5
21.6
20.8
22.2

_

_

_

_

3
9

16.4
13.9

.1
.2

.8
1.7

1

121.0

25
-

46.3
-

_
_
2

0
.9
1.5
1.2
0

2.2
-

_

_
18.3

'

_

18.3
T
T
-

_

54.7
-

_
_
.4

0

_

2
-

28.6
76.0
71.5
.3

1.6

O

_

_

-

_

-

.4
-

_

_

0

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

5
3
2
-

49.3
49.3
-

1.3
.2
1.1
-

24.6
6.5
18.1
-

-

-

-

-

2
12

41.7
80.8

.2
.2

4.6
13.3

2
7

.1

.6
9.2

3

44.7
107.6
57.5

-

-

O
-

-

.1

3.5

-

-

-

4
4
-

34.4
34.4
-

.5
.5

11.9
11.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




Workers
involved

37

(5
)

■
*

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) 1

Number

Services ................................................................................
Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other
lodging places .............................................................
Hotels, tourist courts, and m o te ls ................................
Rooming and boarding h o u s e s ....................................
Trailer parks and camps ...............................................
Organization hotels and lodging houses,
on membership b a s is ...............................................
Personal services..............................................................
Laundries, laundry services, and cleaning
and dyeing p la n ts ........... ..........................................
Photographic studios, including
commercial photography.........................................
Beauty s h o p s ..................................................................
Barber shops ..................................................................
Shoe repair shops, shoe shine parlors,
and hat cleaning s h o p s ...........................................
Funeral services and crem atories................................
Garment pressing, alteration, and re p a ir....................
Miscellaneous personal services .................................
Miscellaneous business s ervice s....................................
Advertising.......................................................................
Consumer credit reporting agencies,
mercantile reporting agencies, and
adjustment and collection agencies ......................
Duplicating, addressing, blueprinting,
photocopying, mailing, mailing list,
and stenographic s e rv ic e s ......................................
Services to dwellings and other b u ild ings..................
News syndicates ............................................................
Private employment agencies ......................................
Business services, not elsewhere
classified....................................................................
Automobile repair, automobile services and
garages.........................................................................
Automobile rentals, without drive rs..............................
Automobile p a rk in g ........................................................
Automobile repair shops ...............................................
Automobile services, except re pair..............................
Miscellaneous repair s e rv ic e s .........................................
Electrical repair s h o p s ...................................................
Watch, clock, and jewelry re p a ir..................................
Reupholstery and furniture repair ................................
Miscellaneous repair shops and related
services......................................................................
Motion pictu res..................................................................
Amusement and recreation services, except
motion p ictu res............................................................
Medical and other health services .................................
Legal services ...................................................................
Educational services.........................................................
Museums, art galleries, botanical and
zoological g a rden s......................................................
Nonprofit membership organizations..............................
Private households ...........................................................
Miscellaneous services ....................................................

Number

262

47.6

85.6

3,776.8

21
19
2
“

24.5
24.2
48.0

16.1
15.9
.3

293.6
267.3
26.3

6

58.9

.3

32.0

5

49.7

.2

27.3

-

-

"

"

—

_
1
52
7

85.0
66.9
20.6

.1
7.3
.3

"
4.7
411.1
4.2

4
6
2

15.0
19.7
54.2

.2
.6
.3

2.6
19.5
10.8

33

75.2

5.9

373.9

9
1
8
7
1
“

120.5
33.0
126.0
6.7
11.0
“

.8

-

67.6
1.2
66.3
3.2
.2
-

6
3

6.5
75.0

.6
34.0

3.0
2,286.5

13
99
26

31.2
28.0
16.1

2.0
19.8
2.9

46.6
565.1
5.3
32.8

18

23.3
25.6

1.3

2.5
21.3
9.1

-

8

See footnotes at end of table.




Workers
involved

38

(4)
.7
.6
O

-

.3

0.09

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry
Mean
duration
(days) ’

Number

G overnm ent6 .......................................................................
Federal ...............................................................................
State ...................................................................................
C o u n ty ................................................................................
C ity ......................................................................................
Special d is tric t...................................................................

13.9
10.0
14.4
13.4
13.1
16.8

536
1
45
64
236
193

1 Mean duration includes only stoppages ending in the year.
It is
calculated by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the number of
workers involved, summing the results, and dividing by the total number of
workers involved.
2 See footnote 3, table 1.
3 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each. Workers




39

Workers
involved

Number

223.6
.9
10.0
16.2
146.8
49.7

2,347.8
7.2
99.7
161.8
1,419.9
659.2

Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 2
.06

involved and days idle are allocated among the respective groups.
4 Fewer than 50.
5 Less than 0.005 percent.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equai
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

Tab!© 15. Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Clerical

Professional and technical

Total

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

33,288.5

324

164.8

453.3

17,153.6

4

33
37

_
32.8
5.5
2.8

_
810.3
165.1
61.6

-

70
60
68
33
89

9.8
15.2
18.4
8.0
10.7

419.5
310.0
634.3
131.9
469.3

2
1

19

64.8

3,763.5

61
7
118
175

8.6
3.1
15.0
41.9

241.9
41.8
359.1
1,746.6

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation eq uipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

280
280

48.9
62.2

1,400.3
2,759.1

_

140
114
29
42

45.2
48.6
6.0
5.8

753.4
2,679.2
202.1
204.6

1

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 2,080

913.0

16,134.9

320

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

19
297
287

7.9
116.6
320.4

107.6
1,952.0
4,752.5

_

-

243
411

95.7
61.1

1,740.7
1,402.7

7
1

2.3
.1

29.0
.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate ......
S e rvices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ........................... .................

25
262
536

2.2
85.6
223.6

54.7
3,776.8
2,347.8

55
257

Number

Workers
involved

All industries........................................

1 3,885

1,366.3

Manufacturing ........................................

1 1,809

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................

_
155

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............
Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

-

See footnotes at end of table.




40

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

3,943.8

27

3.8

55.1

1.8

23.3

2

.1

2.2

_
-

_
-

_
1

_
-

_
1.3

1.7
.1

19.2
3.7

-

-

-

-

(3
)

-

-

-

-

-

“

*

-

-

”

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

1

“

,

_

-

_

_

.9

(3)

.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,920.5

25

3.8

52.9

_

_

_

_

_

~

“

-

-

”

5
1

1.2
(3)

15.9
.5

2
7
10

1.0
.6
.9

15.6
8.3
12.6

f)
163.0

_

47.5
113.2

_

2,539.3
1,351.7

~

Table 15. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Sales

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

22,743.1

66

13.6

102.9

422.9

13,703.1

-

-

-

_
132
32
36

_
28.2
5.5
2.7

_
727.6
164.9
60.4

_
-

_
-

-

-

70
59
68
27
85

9.8
14.3
18.4
3.6
9.8

419.5
299.0
631.8
79.0
421.3

-

-

-

~

“

18

64.7

3,757.8

“

“

-

-

-

60
7
116
167

8.6
3.1
14.4
39.9

241.6
41.8
327.2
1,537.2

-

-

-

_

_

_

276
271

41.2
57.6

1,240.9
1,517.1

_

_

_

“

All industries........................................

1 34

19.5

Manufacturing ........................................

13

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ...........................................
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fixtures...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............

Number

Workers
involved

551.2

3,076

994.7

.2

2.5

1,734

_
3
-

_
.2
-

_
2.5
-

-

-

-

-

-

138
108
27
38

44.2
47.4
4.0
5.6

1,241.3
73.0
199.8

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 31

19.3

548.7

1,344

571.8

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

“

_
-

_
-

18
296
286

24

18.5

537.4

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ......
S ervices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

4
3
“

.3
.5
“

6.0
5.3
-

See footnotes at end of table.




Stoppages
beginning in
year

Workers
involved

Workers
involved

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipment .......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Number

Petroleum refining and related
industries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts.................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................

Protective

Production and maintenance

41

-

-

“
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9,040.0

66

13.6

102.9

7.8
116.6
320.0

107.1
1,951.5
4,751.1

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

176
322

41.2
28.7

681.0
587.4

2
-

12
96
138

.5
9.7
47.2

20.4
483.1
458.2

4
60

-

2 2 .1

-

_

1.0
-

0
_

.2
13.4

_
3.9
98.0

Table 15. C ontinued-W ork stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Combinations

Service

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Industry group

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

488.0

242

148.5

5,404.5

20.2

58

27.6

3,402.3

_

-

1.1
.2
-

_
19
-

_
4.3
-

_
79.0
-

-

-

-

1
4
3

.9
2.7
.9

11.1
2.5
33.6
44.3

-

-

-

1

.1

5.7

_

_

Workers
involved

All industries........................................

1 116

21.4

Manufacturing ........................................

18

.8

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ..................................................
Furniture and fix tu re s...............................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.......................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products ...............
Petroleum refining and related
indu stries................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts .................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries..........................
Fabricated metal products 4 ....................
Machinery, except electrical ...................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................................
Transportation equipm e nt.......................
Instruments, etc. 5 ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

_
.1
-

_

1
1
-

1

(3)

_
1

.1
2.0

16.9
209.5

4
7

7.7
4.6

159.3
1,240.7

(3)
3.1

_
(3
)

1
8

_
.5

.5
-

1
-

1.0
1.2
2.0
.2

31.3
1,434.8
129.2
4.3

120.9

2,002.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing .................................

1 108

20.7

467.8

186

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries .........
Mining ........................................................
Contract construction ..............................
Transportation, communication, electric,
gas, and sanitary services ...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ......................

21
41

1.8
2.4

45.3
59.4

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ......
S ervices.....................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................

2
42
2

.1
16.3
.1

3.2
359.2
.8

1
2 *

_

.3
15.0
-

(3
)

-

1
4
2
3

(3
)
.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

.1
.3

.5
.5
1.4

32
22

49.2
11.3

968.5
217.5

5
55
69

.3
10.7
48.8

9.4
377.8
426.6

1
1
1

(3
)

4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

1 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar
materials.
3 Fewer than 50.




Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Number

Ordnance and accessories.....................
Food and kindred products.....................
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile mill products.................................
Apparel, etc. 1 3
2 ...........................................

Stoppages
beginning in
year

42

Table 16. Work stoppages by major issue and level of government, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
City

Special
district

Federal

State

County

536

1

45

64

236

193

399
10
3
1
27
17
28
44
4
3
”

-

44
3
1

166
5
1

161
1
1

1
“

30
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
”

All is s u e s .................................................................

223.6

.9

10.0

General wage c h a n g e s............................................
Supplementary benefits............................................
Wage adjustments ....................................................
Hours of w o rk ............................................................
Other contractual m a tters........................................
Union organization and security..............................
Job security................................................................
Plant administration ..................................................
Other working con ditions.........................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tters..............................
Not reported ..............................................................

145.4
1.5
.7
.1
4.0
6.6
54.5
6.2
1.0
3.5
“

-

6.9
.2
(2)
.1
(2
)
.7
1.4
.6
“

(2
)
2.2
.7
.6
.3
(2
)
“

1.1
4.1
49.4
3.2
.1
“

Major issue

Total

Stoppages beginning in year
All is s u e s .................................................................
General wage ch a n g e s ............................................
Supplementary benefits............................................
Wage adjustm ents....................................................
Hours of w o rk ............................................................
Other contractual m a tte rs........................................
Union organization and security..............................
Job security................................................................
Plant administration ..................................................
Other working co n d itio n s.........................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs..............................
Not reported ..............................................................

-

-

-

-

4
2
4
4
1
1
“

14
9
12
28
1
”

9
5
11
3
1
1
“

16.2

146.8

49.7

12.3
.2
(2)

87.5
.8
.6

38.7
.3
(2
)
2.9
.3
3.8
.1
.1
3.4

W orkers involved

-

.9
-

-

-

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
All is s u e s .................................................................

2,347.8

7.2

99.7

161.8

1,419.9

659.2

General wage ch a n g e s ............................................
Supplementary benefits............................................
Wage adjustm ents....................................................
Hours of w o rk ................ ............................................
Other contractual m a tte rs........................................
Union organization and security..............................
Job security................................................................
Plant administration ..................................................
Other working co n d itio n s.........................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs..............................
Not reported ..............................................................

1,459.8
19.1
1.4
.2
26.1
84.8
689.9
26.2
16.1
24.3
-

_
-

62.3
.2
(2
)
.2
.3
18.6
4.8
13.3

134.4
1.0
.2

731.8
6.2
1.1
11.6
62.4
593.9
12.6
.2
-

531.2
11.7
(2
)
14.1
4.1
71.9
.8
1.5
23.8
-

-

7.2
-

1 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
2 Fewer than 50.




-

-

-

.4
18.0
5.4
.9
1.3
.3
-

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicates that no data were reported.

43

Table 17. Work stoppages in government by major issue and union participation, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Union participation

Major issue

Called
or
supported
strike

Total

Did not
call or
support
strike

No
information

S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in y e a r

All issues................................................................

536

408

41

86

General wage cha nges...........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..........................................
Wage adjustm ents...................................................
Hours of work ..........................................................
Other contractual matters ......................................
Union organization and s e c u rity ............................
Job se cu rity..............................................................
Plant adm inistration.................................................
Other working conditions........................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs ............................
Not re ported.............................................................

3 99
10
3
1
27
17
28
44
4
3

332
8
2
1
6
14
20
23
1
1

19

47
2
1

“

"

-

-

4
3
3
7
3
2

17

5
14

”

W o rk e rs in v o lv e d

All issues................................................................

2 2 3 .6

2 0 7 .0

5.8

10.7

General wage changes...........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits ..........................................
Wage adjustm ents...................................................
Hours of work ..........................................................
Other contractual matters ......................................
Union organization and se c u rity............................
Job se c u rity ..............................................................
Plant adm inistration.................................................
Other working conditions........................................
Interunion or intraunion matters ............................
Not re p o rte d .............................................................

1 45 .4
1.5
.7
.1
4 .0
6 .6
5 4 .5
6.2
1.0
3.5

1 3 5 .9
1.1
.6
.1
2.4
6.5
5 3.8
2 .7
.5
3 .4

2 .7

6.8
.4

“

“

“

2 ,3 4 7 .8

2 ,1 7 0 .7

2 7 .7

1 49 .4

1 ,3 2 0 .6
17.0
1.3
.2
11.1
8 4 .6
6 8 6 .4
12.3
13.2
2 3.8

14.2

1 24 .9
2.0
.1

”

. “

.2
.1
.3
1.9
.5
.1

(2
)
1.5

.4
1.6

“

D a y s id le d u rin g y e a r
(all s to p p a g e s )

All issues................................................................
General wage changes...........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits..........................................
Wage adjustm ents...................................................
Hours of work ..........................................................
Other contractual matters ......................................
Union organization and s e c u rity............................
Job se cu rity..............................................................
Plant adm inistration.................................................
Other working conditions........................................
Interunion or intraunion matters ............................
Not re p o rte d .............................................................

1 ,4 5 9 .8
19.1
1.4
.2
26.1
8 4 .8
6 8 9 .9
2 6.2
16.1
2 4.3

1 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
2 Fewer than 50.




.2
.1
.6
9.2
2.9
.5

14.8

2.9
4.7

-

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicates that no data were reported.

44

Table 18. Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Occupation

Total

Federal

State

County

City

Special
district

S toppages beginning in year
All occupations ..........................................................

536

1

45

64

236

193

Teachers .......................................................................
Nurses ...........................................................................
Teachers and other professional and tec h n ic a l.....
Professional and tech nical..........................................
Other professional or te ch nical..................................
C lerical...........................................................................
S a le s ..............................................................................

232
8
1
16
10
-

_
-

19
2
5
-

13
2
3
4
-

52
3
7
3

149
1
1
1
3

Sanitation workers .......................................................
Craft w o rk e rs ................................................................
Combination of blue-collar w o rk e rs ...........................
Blue-collar and manual ...............................................
P o lic e .............................................................................

9
5
14
110
37

_

-

1
-

2
5
1

1
1
10
10

9
3
10
72
25

1
24
1

Firefighters ....................................................................
Police and firefighters..................................................
Other combinations of protective ..............................
Other protective ...........................................................
Service w orke rs............................................................

9
6
2
6
2

-

1
-

3
1

9
6
2
2
“

1

Professional, technical, and clerical ..........................
Clerical and blue-collar................................................
Professional, technical, and blue -collar...................
Sales and blue-collar...................................................
Protective and b lue -collar...........................................
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar........................
Sales and clerica l.........................................................
Sales, blue-collar, and clerical ...................................
Service and blue-collar................................................

18
25
8
2
16
“

-

6
2
1
1
“

6
1
3
6
“

5
16
4
1
7
-

2
6
3
-

.

“

W orkers involved

All occupations ..........................................................

223.6

.9

10.0

16.2

146.8

49.7

Teachers .......................................................................
Nurses ...........................................................................
Teachers and other professional and tec h n ic a l.....
Professional and tech nical..........................................
Other professional or tec h n ic a l..................................
C lerical...........................................................................
S a le s ..............................................................................

107.7
3.1
(2
)
2.4
.9
-

_

3.2
.9
.5
-

2.3
.1
.6
.4
-

62.9
2.1
1.3
.3
-

39.2
(2)
(2)
(2
)
.2
-

Sanitation workers .......................................................
Craft workers ................................................................
Combination of blue-collar w o rk e rs ...........................
Blue-collar and manual ...............................................
P o lic e .............................................................................

1.3
1.5
2.1
42.2
3.7

_
.3
.6
.2

-

.9
-

.1
.1
.9
1.0

1.3
.5
1.7
37.6
2.5

-

Firefighters ....................................................................
Police and firefighters..................................................
Other combinations of protective ..............................
Other protective ...........................................................
Service w orke rs............................................................

5.8
2.3
.1
1.4
.1

-

-

-

-

-

1.1
(2
)

5.8
2.3
.1
.3
-

7.0
18.4
9.7

_

1.9
.1
2.8
-

1.1
12.3
6.8
-

Professional, technical, and c le ric a l..........................
Clerical and blue-collar................................................
Professional, technical, and blue -collar...................
Sales and blue-collar...................................................
Protective and b lue -collar...........................................
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar........................
Sales and cle ric a l.........................................................
Sales, blue-collar, and clerical ...................................
Service and blue-collar................................................

-

.1
13.7
-

-

_

-

“

See footnotes at end of table.




45

(2
)
3.7
.4
.1
.1
-

-

-

4.7
-

(2
)
7.8
-

(2)
3.1
(2)
(2
)
.2
5.6
-

-

1.2
-

-

-

-

“

“

-

Table 18. Continued—Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Occupation

Total

Federal

State

County

City

Special
district

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
2347.8

7.2

99.7

161.8

1419.9

659.2

Teachers .......................................................................
Nurses ...........................................................................
Teachers and other professional and tec h n ic a l.....
Professional and tech nical..........................................
Other professional or tec h n ic a l..................................
C lerical............................ .-..............................................
S a le s ..............................................................................

1290.1
24.3
10.5
26.8
12.6
-

_

-

47.7
3.3
-

11.2
.4
-

706.5
20.7
10.0

524.7
(1
2
)
.5

Sanitation workers .......................................................
Craft w o rk e rs ................................................................
Combination of blue-collar w o rk e rs ...........................
Blue-collar and manual ...............................................
P o lic e .............................................................................

5.8
25.3
67.5
359.6
11.5

Firefighters....................................................................
Police and firefighters..................................................
Other combinations of protective ..............................
Other protective ...........................................................
Service w orke rs............................................................

72.6
5.3
.6
7.9
.8

All occupations..........................................................

Professional, technical, and c le ric a l..........................
Clerical and blue-collar................................................
Professional, technical, and blue -collar...................
Sales and blue-collar...................................................
Protective and blue -collar...........................................
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar........................
Sales and clerica l.........................................................
Sales, blue-collar, and clerical ...................................
Service and blue-collar................................................

91.1
204.8
50.4
.3
80.2
-

-

-

-

-

14.0
9.9
-

10.8
1.4
-

(2)
1.3
-

_
11.9
8.9
.2

_

7.2
-

.6
.6
13.2
2.8

5.8
17.5
55.0
299.2
8.4

_
(2)
38.3
.1

-

-

_
-

72.6
5.3
.6
1.5
-

_
-

_

-

_
-

-

1 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
2 Fewer than 50.




-

2.0
-

-

(2
)
20.8
3.6
1.1
.3
-

-

-

6.5
.1
18.6
6.8
21.3
-

56.0
-

-

.6

(2)
17.6
-

.9
86.2
6.6
-

-

-

50.8
108.2
28.0
-

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

46

Table 19. Work stoppages by government level, function, and occupation, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical
Level and function

Total

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Crafts

Police

Other

Police
and fire

Fire

Other

S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in y e a r

All functions............................................

2 536

232

8

17

10

9

5

124

37

9

6

8

71

Administrative service s............................
Welfare service s.......................................
Law enforcement and co rre c tio n ...........
Fire protection ..........................................
Sanitation s ervice s...................................
Education ..................................................
Streets and highways ..............................
Parks and recreation ...............................
Libraries.....................................................
M useum s...................................................
Hospitals and health services ................
Transportation and allied facilities..........
Other u tilities.............................................
O th e r..........................................................
C om binations............................................

12
10
47
9
14
285
14
3
1
22
24
12
24
59

_
1
231
-

_
1
7
-

1
2
1
1
2
1
7
1
1
-

2
2
4
2
-

7
2

2
1
1
1
-

6
1
7
31
10
1
3
21
9
11
24

37
-

9
-

6

6
1
1

3
5
2
17
_2
4
2
1
9
26

Federal.......................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
Education................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
M useum s................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other utilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

1
-

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

-

1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7
3
-

1
1
-

_

_

-

-

1
1
-

10
1
1
5
1

2
1
1

-

-

-

-

-

_

S ta te ...........................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s .........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

45
1
2
4
- •
26
6

C ounty........................................................
Administrative s e rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s ....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................

-

-

-

-

-

18
-

3

2

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

64
4
5
13
15
7

13
-

2
1
-

3
1
-

4
2
1
-

_

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13
-

-

-

-

-

1

11
.1
-

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

3
3

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

10
10
-

-

-

-

-

-

47

1
-

1
1
-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

1

1
4

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




-

-

-

5
1

-

_

2
2

3
-

19
1

-

1
-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

_

-

-

-

17
1
3
-

Table 19. Continued—Work stoppages by government level, function, and occupation, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical
Level and function

Total

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Crafts

Other

Police

Police
and fire

Fire

Other

Stoppages beginning in year
— Continued
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................
C ity .............................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

7

-

1

2

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

2

2
2
9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
1

-

-

1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
8

236
7
2
29
9
13
73
7
2
1
7

52
52
-

3
3

7
1
2
1
1

3
1
1
-

9
7
-

3
1
1

82
5
1
6
15
6
1

25
25
-

9
9
-

6
-

4
2
-

33
2
1
5
1

10
11
17
48

-

-

2

9
9
8
22

-

-

-

1
-

1
-

-

1
1
-

-

-

6

1
1

1
6
17

_

25
1
12
1
-

1
1
-

_

_

_

-

-

-

12
2
- 7
. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
1

-

-

193
2
1
1
172
1
2

149
149
-

1
1

2
1
1

3
3
-

_
-

-

10
3
1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9
2
-

All fun ctions............................................

223.6

107.7

3.1

2.4

.9

1.3

1.5

44.3

3.7

5.8

2.3

1.5

48.9

Administrative s ervice s............................
Welfare service s.......................................
Law enforcement and correction ...........
Fire protection ..........................................
Sanitation se rv ic e s ...................................
Education ..................................................
Streets and highways ..............................
Parks and recreation ...............................
Libraries.....................................................
M u seum s...................................................
Hospitals and health services ................
Transportation and alliedfacilities...........

1.3
1.1
5.4
5.8
2.7
120.3
1.0
(3)
.5

_
-

-

.2
.1

_

-

.2

_

_

-

1.4
2.3
.3
(3)

3.7
-

_
-

_

1.3
-

-

-

-

1.4

.7
.6
.3

.5

.2
.3
.3
-

-

-

-

.9

-

-

Special district ..........................................
Administrative s e rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protectio n........................................
Sanitation services ................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................
W orkers involved

-

7.6
37.8

(3
)
-

107.7
-

“

(3)

(3
)
'

(3)
-

3.0
“

(3)

“

See footnotes at end of table.




48

-

-•
.1
-

(3)
.5

(3
)

5.8
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.4
35.2

-

10.0
.6
-

3.3
2.2

Tab!© 19. Continued— Work stoppages by government level, function, and occupation, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Professional
and technical

Level and function

Total

Production and
maintenance

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Crafts

Police

Other

Fire

Police
and fire

Other

W orkers involved
— Continued
Other utilitie s .............................................
O th e r..........................................................
Combinations ............................................

2.8
10.0
27.1

-

0.4
.2
-

-

-

-

.9
-

_

_

-

.9
-

0.1
-

0.1

0.9
-

0.1
8.4
22.9

1.4
1.3
1.8

-

-

_

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.3

(3
)
(3
)

_

_

-

-

-

-

.9
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.9
-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

State ...........................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation se rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa cilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

10.0
.2
.1
.3
5.8
1.3

3.2
-

.5
.2
.1
.2

_

_

_

_

-

_
-

-

.9
.4
-

_

3.2
-

0.9
.9

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.4
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.1

-

-

-

-

C ounty........................................................
Administrative s e rv ic e s .........................
Welfare se rv ic e s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

16.2
.3
.8
2.1
2.4
.9
3.6

2.3

.1

.6

.1

1.0

1.0

-

-

-

-

.4
.2
.2

_

-

-

-

.5

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

_

-

-

C ity .............................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s....................................

146.8
.8
.2

Federal.......................................................
Administrative s e rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protectio n........................................
Sanitation se rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

1.6
.6
.1

(3)

-

2.3
-

(3)
(3)

(3)

-

_

_

-

-

-

1.0
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

-

-

_
_

1.1
_
_

1.1
-

-

-

.1
_

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

.3

_

_

_
_
_
_

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

.2

-

-

-

-

39.3
.2
(3)

2.5

5.8

2.3

-

_

.4

_

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)
(3
)
.2
_
_

-

_

.3
-

-

-

.1
5.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

62.9

2.1

1.3

.3

1.3

.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.2

-

-

49

(3
)

-

-

(3)

4.3
-

(3
)

-

.3

See footnotes at end of table.




(3)

0.2
.2
_
_
-

_

_
_
_
_

_

(3
)
.1
2.2
_
.1
1.2
_
.6
9.6
.1
.6
_
_
.6

_
_
_

2.8

_
(3)
5.6
28.0
.6
-

Tab!® 19. C o n tin u e d -W o rk stoppages by government level, function, and occupation, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical

Level and function

Total

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Crafts

Other

Police

Fire

Police
and fire

Other

W orkers involved
— Continued
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation services ................................
Education................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

3.0
5.8
2.6
66.5
.1
(3
)
.5
2.7

Special district ..........................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation se rv ic e s................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

49.7
.1
(3)
.1
45.6
-

33.2
1.9
8.6
20.9

(3)
(3
)
2.8
.8
.3

(3)
62.9
-

-

-

2.1

0.1
-

(3
)
0.5
.1

1.3
-

_
-

-

39.2
39.2
-

(3)

(3
)
0.5
-

.1
-

.1

.1
-

.2
.2
-

-

_
-

(3
)
(3
)

1.4
.8
.1
.1

(3)

.4
.2
-

(3
)
-

-

-

2.5
-

32.7
1.4
1.2
1.5
3.2
.1
1.2
(3
)
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.8
.1
-

All functions............................................ 2,347.8 1,290.1

24.3

37.3

12.6

5.8

25.3

427.1

_
Administrative s ervice s............................
20.7
7.7
Welfare services.......................................
Law enforcement and correction ...........
21.4
.1
Fire protection ..........................................
72.6
59.8
Sanitation s ervice s...................................
Education .................................................. 1,413.2 1,290.0
Streets and highw ays..............................
14.2
Parks and recreation ...............................
(3
)
Libraries.....................................................
8.9
M useum s...................................................
Hospitals and health services ................
102.7
Transportation and alliedfacilities...........
380.9
13.7
Other u tilitie s .............................................
42.3
O th e r..........................................................
189.7
C om binations............................................
-

_

1.6
1.4

(3
)
8.9
13.4
.8
.6
-

8.0
2.2
1.9
.4
-

-

-

-

2.3

_

-

5.8
-

0.3
-

0.2
2.8
.3

-

.1
7.0
17.0
7.0
.1
5.0
-

(3)
(3)

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.0
.7
.3

11.5

72.6

5.3

8.5

427.4

_

8.7
4.0
1.8
72.6
8.8
63.4
59.6
.1
34.9
173.5

(3
)
(3)

Days idle during year

Federal.......................................................
Administrative s e rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s ....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protectio n........................................
Sanitation services ...............................
E ducation................................................

7.2
'
-

.3
24.1
-

(3
)
10.5
-

5.7
.1

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

“

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




_

50

_
-

.6
.3
17.2
7.2
7.2
-

-

2.3
(3)
54.1
37.9
4.8

_
11.5
-

_
72.6
-

_
-

7.9
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)
1.5
304.1
5.7
6.2
10.4

5.3

-

.2
.4

Table 19. C o n tin ued -W o rk stoppages by government level, function, and occupation, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical
Level and function

Total

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Other

Crafts

Police

Police
and fire

Fire

Other

Days idle during year
— Continued
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa cilitie s................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

7.2
-

-

-

-

-

-

S ta te ...........................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s .........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
Education................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other utilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

99.7
1.6
.1
1.4
73.1
3.8

47.7
.1
47.6
-

3.3
3.3

2.0
1.6
.1
.3

_

_

_

-

-

13.1
5.6
1.1

-

-

-

-

-

C ounty........................................................
Administrative s e rvice s.........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
Education................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

161.8
14.9
6.5
9.3
-

11.2
-

.4
-

14.0
1.3
-

9.9
8.0
1.9
-

C ity .............................................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare se rv ic e s ....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s................................
Education................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................

1,419.9
4.2
.4
10.6
72.6
58.8
750.3
.3
0

-

11.5
13.9
31.9
6.5
1.7
65.7

-

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

20.7
13.7
-

0.2
.2
-

_

_

-

-

-

5.9
(3)
1.1

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

.6
-

13.8
.1
-

2.8
2.8
-

_

_

-

-

6.5
6.5
-

102.7
6.8
3.3

_

-

-

-

12.6

-

-

.6
-

(3)
4.6
1.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.5
1.2

20.7

20.8

5.8

17.5

-

1.4
.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

706.5
-

-

”

(3
)

-

.6
“

10.0
(3
)

51

-

-

-

706.5
-

-

_

-

-

-

-

.3
.1

(3
)

-

_

11.2
-

-

-

-

_
7.2
-

_

See footnotes at end of table.




-

-

-

-

-

-

5.7
“

-

-

(3)

-

354.2
2.2
(3
)
-

53.0
7.2
.3
“

(3
)
(3
)
-

25.8
(3)
1.1
11.8
.1
7.2
5.5
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.6
64.4

8.4

72.6

5.3

2.0

204.6
1.9

-

-

-

8.4
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

72.6
-

-

-

1.5
-

-

8.8
17.8

-

.7
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

“

“

-

“

26.1
“

Table 19. Contoraued—Work stoppages by government level, fynction, and occupation, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Professional
and technical
Level and function

Total

Production and
maintenance

Protective

Other

Clerical

Tea­
chers

Nurses

Other

Sanita­
tion

Crafts

Other

Police

Fire

Police
and fire

Other

Days idle during year
— C ontinued
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa cilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................
Special district ..........................................
Administrative se rv ic e s.........................
Welfare s ervice s....................................
Law enforcement and correction ........
Fire protection........................................
Sanitation s e rv ic e s ................................
E ducation................................................
Streets and highways ...........................
Parks and recreation.............................
Libraries ..................................................
Museums ................................................
Hospitals and health services..............
Transportation and allied
fa c ilitie s ................................................
Other u tilitie s ..........................................
O th e r.......................................................
Combinations .........................................

8.9
66.9
289.7
6.5
31.3
119.3

_

_
-

20.7

-

-

524.7
-

0.4

-

-

-

0.1

-

-

-

-

45.5

-

17.2
-

-

-

5.3

0.2
.4

.1
25.0
105.4

_

_

0.1

-

-

-

1.3

_

_

38.4

0.1

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.5

1.3

-

-

1.0
17.0

-

-

524.7

-

-

-

-

34.8

(3)

-

(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)

272.5
5.7
5.1
8.1

_

.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)

(3)

94.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

52.4

71.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

19.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.8
3.6

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.0
-

-

-

-

-

2.8
3.6

1 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
2 The total number of stoppages reported for all functions or an
individual level may not equal the sum of its components because
individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in




_

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

1.0
578.3

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

659.2
.7
.1

_

0.3

-

.8
.6

_

_

_

8.9
.4

each.
Workers and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
3 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

52

Tab!© 20. Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
AFL-CIO

All unions and associations 2
State

Total
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

S toppages beginning in year

All States ..................................................................

536

448

23

19

163

7

11

A la b a m a .....................................................................
A la s k a .........................................................................
Arizona .......................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
California ..................... :.............................................
C olorado.....................................................................
C onnecticut................................................................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lo rida.........................................................................

1
2
2
2
51
4
3
1
2
6

_
2
2
1
45
1
2
1
1
4

3
2
-

1
1
1

1
1
15
1
1
1
4

1
-

1
1

G eorgia.......................................................................
H aw a ii.........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illin o is..........................................................................
Ind iana........................................................................
Io w a ............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
M a in e ..........................................................................

4
3
51
14
2
2
1

1
3
41
11
1
1

7
2
1
-

2
-

7
6
1
-

1
1
-

-

M aryland.....................................................................
Massachusetts...........................................................
M ichig an.....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
M ississippi..................................................................
Missouri ......................................................................
Montana .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New H am pshire.........................................................

3
20
75
7
1
7
3
2
2

2
17
70
4
4
3
2

1
2
1
- •
-

1
2
2
1
-

2
-

1
2
1
1
-

-

2
10
18
3
2
1

-

New J e rs e y ................................................................
New M exic© ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North C aro lin a ...........................................................
North D a k o ta .............................................................
Ohio ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................

50
21
1
60
1
2
82
8

44
17
53
2
78
8

_
1
1
-

5
1
2
-

19
7
19
2
31
3

_
-

2
1
1
-

South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee .................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah ............................................................................
V erm ont......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
W ashington................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

_
10
5
1
14
5
5

_
4
3
13
3
4

_
1
1
-

_
-

_
1
3
1
1
2
-

_
1
1
-

_
-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




53

-

-

-

-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Employee associations

Other unions
State
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

All S ta te s .................................................................

37

1

Alabama .....................................................................
A la s k a .........................................................................
Arizona .......................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
California ....................................................................
C olorado.....................................................................
C onnecticut................................................................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lo rida.........................................................................

_
1
1
2
1
-

-

G eorgia.......................................................................
H aw aii.........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illin o is..........................................................................
Indiana........................................................................
Iowa ............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
M a in e ..........................................................................

1
1
-

M aryland.....................................................................
Massachusetts...........................................................
Michigan .....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
Mississippi ..................................................................
Missouri ......................................................................
Montana .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................................

No
information

No union or
association

Not
recognized

No
information

248

15

8

46

_
-

_
1
28
1
-

2
2
-

_
1
-

1
2
1
1
1
1

-

-

_
3
33
5
1

_
6
1
1
-

_
2
-

3
1
1
2
-

_
3
6
1
1
-

_
1
-

-

_
4
46
1
3
1

1
-

_
1
-

_
1
2
1
1
2
1
-

-

-

-

2
1
1
-

_
-

23
-

-

7
-

-

33
40
5

_
1
_
1
-

3
_
1
-

1
-

-

_
_
-

2
-

_
_

_

•_
6
1
_

Officially
recognized

Stoppages beginning in year

New J e rs e y ................................................................
New Mexico ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North Carolina ...........................................................
North Dakota .............................................................
Ohio ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................
South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee .................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah ............................................................................
V e rm o n t......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
Washington ................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

2
1
_
4
1
4
-

_

_

1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7
2

-

-

1
1
2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




9

54

_

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
All unions and associations 2
State

AFL-CIO

Total
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

W orkers involved

All S ta te s .................................................................
Alabama .....................................................................
A la s k a .........................................................................
Arizona .......................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
California ....................................................................
C olorado.....................................................................
C onnecticut................................................................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lorida.........................................................................
G eorgia.......................................................................
Hawaii .........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illinois..........................................................................
Ind iana........................................................................
Iowa ............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
■Maine..........................................................................
Maryland.....................................................................
Massachusetts...........................................................
M ichigan.....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
Mississippi..................................................................
Missouri ......................................................................
Montana .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New Hampshire.........................................................
New J e rs e y ................................................................
New M e xico ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North Carolina ...........................................................
North D a k o ta .............................................................
Ohio ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................
South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee ........................................................ .........
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah ............................................................................
V e rm ont......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
Washington ................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

223.6

214.7

2.4

.8
.1
.5
.1
17.4
.3
.1
.1
.7
.8

_

_
.1
.1
-

.4
.3
39.0
1.7
.1
.2
(3
)
1.2
7.4
28.9
.2
(3)
2.3
1.5
(3
)
.1

.1
.5
.1
16.8
(3
)
.1
.1
.5
.7

-

137.7

0.8

2.3

.8
.3
-

_

_
-

.8
-

-

-

(3)

_
1.3
.1
-

_
.1
-

(3)

-

1.2
6.5
28.0
.1

_
-

(3)
.1
8.8
.1
.1
.5
.7

-

.2
.3
37.6
1.6
(3)

(3
)

-

(3
)
(3)

.1
.9
.8
-

-

-

2.2
1.5
_
.1

-

12.4

13.6
(3)
1.2
36.0
7.0

39.7
_
_
13.4
1.2
35.9
7.0

_
2.2
1.0
-

_
_
1.9
.9
-

(3
)
3.6
1.0
1.0

-

_

-

40.2
(3
)

-

_

11.6

-

(3)

-

(3
)
_

(3)
.5
_
.1
_
_
.1
-

_
31.2
.5
-

-

-

_
_
-

-

-

(3)
(3
)

_
0
_
_
-

(3
)
4.7
33.2
_
_

-

-

-

8.0
_
1.2
25.6
1.9

_
.1
-

_
_
_
_
_

-

-

3.6
.5
.5

-

-

.5
-

_

(3
)

_
-

-

1.2
1.9
13.4
.1
_
1.2
_

-

(3
)

-

(3
)

-

(3
)

_

.1
.9
.1
_
(3)
.2
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

.1
_
_
.1
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
.9
.9
_
_

_
_
.1
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

1.2
(3)
.2

-

_

_

See footnotes at end of table.




3.7

55

-

_

_

.5
-

_

-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Employee associations

Other unions
State
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

No union or
association

W orkers involved

All S ta te s .................................................................

8.0

69.1

(3
)

_

-

2.7

_
.2
7.8
(3)
-

_
.3
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

G eorgia.......................................................................
H aw a ii.........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illinois..........................................................................
Ind iana........................................................................
Iowa ............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
M a in e ..........................................................................

.2
(3
)
-

_
-

-

.3
6.4
1.1
-

1.2
.1
(3
)
-

_
.1
-

(3)

-

-

M aryland.....................................................................
M assachusetts...........................................................
M ichigan.....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
M ississippi..................................................................
Missouri ..................................... .................................
Montana .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................................

_
2.1
2.5
.3
.4

-

_
2.5
12.0
(3)
1.9
.1

_
-

-

_
-

.7
-

_
-

_
-

6.5
6.5
5.4
10.0
5.1

New J e rs e y ................................................................
New Mexico ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North Carolina ...........................................................
North D a k o ta .............................................................
Ohio ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................
South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee .................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah ............................................................................
V e rm o n t......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
Washington ................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

_
-

1.4

_
.1
.1
-

A la b a m a .....................................................................
A la s k a .........................................................................
Arizona .....................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
California ....................................................................
C olorado................................................................ .
C onnecticut........ —
......................... ............................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lorida.........................................................................

_
-

1.6

.1
.2
.3
(3
)

.
.5
.1
(3
)
.3
-

(3)

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)
.6
.3

-

“

See footnotes at end of table.




56

_
1.0
-

1.8
.5
-

(3
)
_
(3
)
(3
)

.3
(3
)

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(3
)
.1
.2
(3
)
.2
(3
)
.1
(3)
(3)
.2
(3)
.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
.3
.3
(3)
.1
(3
)
.1
_
.3
(3
)
(3)
(3)
.5
-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
A f l -c io

All unions and associations 2
State

Total
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
2,347.8

2,206.4

25.5

A la b a m a .....................................................................
A la s k a .........................................................................
Arizona .......................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
C a lifornia....................................................................
C olorado.....................................................................
C onnecticut................................................................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lo rida.........................................................................

7.6
1.3
8.7
.1
129.8
3.4
.3
.2
2.6
2.4

_

_
.8
2.2
-

G eorgia.......................................................................
H a w a ii.........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illin o is..........................................................................
Indiana........................................................................
Io w a ............................................................................
K ansas........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
M a in e ..........................................................................

2.1
.6
369.2
10.6
.1
.3
.2

1.9
.6
360.1
10.3

M aryland.....................................................................
Massachusetts...........................................................
M ichigan.....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
Mississippi..................................................................
M issou ri......................................................................
M o n ta n a .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New Hampshire.........................................................

7.6
85.8
354.8
1.2
(3)
19.2
17.6
(3)

6.6
31.2
348.0
.7
19.0
17.6
_
.1

New Je rse y ................................................................
New M e xic o ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North C aro lina...........................................................
North D a ko ta .............................................................
O h io ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................

91.8
316.1
(3)

All S ta te s .................................................................

South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee .................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
U ta h ............................................................................
V erm ont......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
W ashington................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

.1

119.6
.3
26.2
627.8
44.7

1.3
8.7
.1
112.5
.1
.3
.2
1.0
2.4

-

(3)

.2

89.6
296.1
_
_
119.0
-

26.2
627.2
44.7

(3)
_
.2
.4

1,427.7

14.7

65.1

7.6
16.2
-

_

_
.7
-

7.6
-

1.3
.1
41.3
.2
.2
1.0
2.4

(3)
_
1.1
-

_
323.5
7.3
(3)

-

(3)

_
.1
.1
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

1.0
54.4
5.8

_

.4

1.0
54.4
.9

-

6.6
5.0
164.0
.5

-

-

-

-

-

.2
_
-

-

-

-

13.7
_
_

-

-

(3
)

-

-

_

.9
.1
_
.4

(3
)
_
.1
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

>

-

(3)

-

(3)
69.3
260.5
_
_
47.1
26.2
415.0
9.0

-

_

-

.6
.1
_
.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.7
18.2
(3
)
35.0
1.1
28.5
“

11.9
18.0
35.0
.6
15.3
“

7.2
18.0
_
7.2
.1
1.0
-

_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




_
8.0
.2
-

87.6

57

-

-

.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

13.2
-

-

-

-

.2
_
-

-

_
_
-

-

-

13.2
-

_

-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Other unions

Employee associations

State
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

No union or
association

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
All S ta te s .................................................................
Alabama .....................................................................
A la sk a .........................................................................
Arizona .......................................................................
Arkansas ....................................................................
California ....................................................................
C olorado.....................................................................
C onnecticut................................................................
Delaware ....................................................................
District of Columbia ..................................................
F lorida.........................................................................

81.3

_
.1
3.2
2.7
-

(3
)
-

G eorgia.......................................................................
H aw aii.........................................................................
Id a h o ...........................................................................
Illinois..........................................................................
Indiana........................................................................
Iowa ............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ....................................................................
Louisiana....................................................................
M a in e ..........................................................................

1.9

M aryland.....................................................................
Massachusetts...........................................................
Michigan .....................................................................
M innesota...................................................................
M ississippi..................................................................
Missouri ......................................................................
Montana .....................................................................
N ebraska....................................................................
Nevada .......................................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................................

_
5.2
22.2

New J e rs e y ................................................................
New M e x ic o ...............................................................
New York ...................................................................
North Carolina ...........................................................
North Dakota .............................................................
Ohio ............................................................................
O klahom a...................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................................
Rhode Island .............................................................
South C arolina...........................................................
South D akota.............................................................
Tennessee .................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah ............................................................................
V e rm ont......................................................................
V irginia........................................................................
W ashington................................................................
West V irginia..............................................................
W isconsin...................................................................
W yom ing.....................................................................

-

0.2

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.2

-

-

_
-

11.7
3.9

-

-

-

-

-

1.4
-

.1
-

.1
4.8
-

-

-

_

_

_
-

_
5.5
68.6
.1
_
.6
36.5
2.9
.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

.2
1.2
0
1.6
(3
)
.2
_

-

1.1
-

_
.2
_

(3
)

-

-

(3)

_
_

_

7.9
.1
-

28.3

_

\

(3)
.1
.3
-

_
4.9
-

_
.2
.8
(3
)
(3)
(3)

-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

7.2
_
_
.1

_
71.7
_

-

16.2
-

-

_
_
_
-

22.5

_
.1
2.2
-

_

18.8
_
35.5

_

10.5

21.0
161.9
.2

-

-

-

-

.3
_
_

1.3

_
_
(3)

_

_
.1
-

_

(3)

_

19.9
(3)
.2
.3

(3
)

-

-

-

207.5
35.7

-

-

-

-

.6
-

_
4.7
_
_

_
_
_

_

_

_

-

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
(3)

9.6
-

14.3
“

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted
separately in each State affected; workers involved and days idle were
allocated among the States. The identification of a work stoppage in
this study is not a legal determination that a work stoppage has violated
law or public policy.




697.4

58

-

18.2
.5
_
-

_
- -

_

_

_
_
_
-

-

-

-

-

_
_

-

-

.8
(3)

_
(3)
(3)
.5

_
-

2 Excludes strike(s) where there is no union.
3 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

Table 21. Work stoppages by State, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

State

Mean
duration
(days) 2

Number

Workers
involved

Number

Percent of
estimate nonagricultural
working time 3

United States .............................................................

3,885

27.2

1366.3

33,288.5

0.14

Alabama ........................................................................
A la s k a ............................................................................
Arizona ..........................................................................
Arkansas .......................................................................
California .......................................................................
C olorado........................................................................
C onnecticut...................................................................
Delaware .......................................................................
District of Columbia .....................................................
F lorida............................................................................

46
7
22
16
357
31
60
13
12
53

40.9
39.4
84.0
46.2
24.4
71.2
27.3
31.6
21.8
17.4

13.4
.3
20.1
2.1
338.7
11.4
8.4
1.6
1.7
15.2

487.7
77.4
1,164.1
73.5
6,775.0
594.4
514.0
35.3
26.7
201.3

.14
.18
.46
.04
.27
.19
.14
.05
.02
.02

G eo rgia..........................................................................
Hawaii ............................................................................
Id a h o ..............................................................................
Illin o is.............................................................................
Ind iana...........................................................................
Iowa ...............................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................................
Kentucky........................................................................
Louisiana.......................................................................
M a in e .............................................................................

35
9
9
268
137
33
8
109
25
19

28.0
26.8
123.5
18.3
38.1
25.2
41.3
17.0
49.3
39.8

4.6
6.9
1.2
87.8
28.9
4.3
3.0
27.8
10.0
3.9

123.6
138.5
99.8
2,443.7
2,081.3
81.9
97.8
564.0
360.7
111.8

.02
.14
.12
.20
.38
.03
.04
.18
.09
.11

M aryland........................................................................
Massachusetts..............................................................
Michigan ........................................................................
M innesota......................................................................
M ississippi.....................................................................
Missouri .........................................................................
Montana ........................................................................
N ebraska.......................................................................
Nevada ..........................................................................
New H am pshire............................................................

53
134
286
95
8
88
16
14
23
11

13.1
16.5
27.5
34.3
17.4
33.2
28.0
10.8
15.2
29.2

9.7
26.2
77.7
21.6
5.4
26.0
4.9
2.3
11.4
2.9

119.2
413.3
1,779.6
580.3
115.3
682.4
96.9
18.4
125.2
59.3

.03
.06
.20
.13
.05
.14
.14
.01
.12
.06

New J e rs e y ...................................................................
New M e x ic o ..................................................................
New York ......................................................................
North Carolina ..............................................................
North Dakota ................................................................
Ohio ...............................................................................
O klahom a......................................................................
Oregon ...........................................................................
Pennsylvania.................................................................
Rhode Island ................................................................

236
9
341
21
3
384
28
42
449
24

22.6
33.8
12.0
11.2
76.1
24.7
42.0
30.1
23.0
21.9

41.8
2.9
119.7
2.7
.3
97.5
8.0
10.0
118.6
8.3

809.3
83.4
1,371.0
63.8
15.3
2,430.5
236.1
209.9
2,216.5
131.3

.10
.07
.08
.01
.02
.22
.08
.08
.18
.13

South C arolina..............................................................
South D a ko ta ................................................................
Tennessee ....................................................................
T e x a s .......................... ...................................................
Utah ...............................................................................
V e rm ont.........................................................................
V irginia...........................................................................
Washington ...................................................................
West V irginia.................................................................
W isconsin......................................................................
W yom ing........................................................................

10
5
64
69
17
3
68
83
124
79
7

53.0
10.2
31.2
58.3
56.7
81.2
11.6
57.7
14.1
52.0
23.0

.7
.2
16.1
48.7
9.8
.4
18.3
23.5
32.8
24.0
2.9

51.3
1.9
529.0
2,203.4
383.3
28.3
1964
959.4
353.6
925.0
47.4

' Stoppages extending across State lines are counted separately in
each State affected; workers involved and days idle are allocated among
the States.
2 Mean duration includes only stoppages ending in the year.
It is
calculated by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the number of
workers involved, summing the results, and dividing by the total number of




.02
O
.12
.15
.27
.06
.04
.24
.22
.19
.09

workers involved.
3 Excludes private household workers; prior to 1974 government
workers were excluded.
4 Less than 0.005 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.

59

Table 22. Work stoppages by State and occupation, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State

Total

Professional
and
technical

Production
and
maintenance

Sales

Clerical

Protective

Service

Combinations

Stoppages beginning in year
United S ta te s............................

3,885

324

_

27

34

3,076

66

116

242

_
1
4
1
1
1
-

43
6
15
12
263
21
45
10
5
42

10
1
5

1
17
1
4
1
1
1

2
1
5
4
28
3
8
1
3

A labam a.......................................
Alaska ..........................................
A rizo n a .........................................
Arkansas ......................................
C alifornia......................................
C o lo ra d o ......................................
Connecticut .................................
D elaw are......................................
District of Columbia ..................
F lo rid a ..........................................

46
7
22
16
357
31
60
13
12
53

1
28
6
2
1
3
2

_
7
-

Georgia ............................. ...........
H aw aii...........................................
Idaho ............................................
Illin o is ...........................................
Indiana .........................................
Io w a ..............................................
Kansas .........................................
K entucky......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine ...........................................

35
9
9
268
137
33
8
109
25
19

3
1
3
47
3
1
1
-

_
-

2
1
-

26
8
5
196
119
29
7
103
18
17

2
4
5
1
1
1

_
1
9
2
2
2
-

4
10
8
2
5
2
1

Maryland ......................................
M assachusetts............................
M ichigan.......................................
M inn esota....................................
Mississippi ...................................
M issouri........................................
M ontan a.......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ..........................

53
134
286
95
8
88
16
14
23
11

2
10
51
3
4
2

2
3
2
1
-

1
3
4
1
-

40
104
196
76
6
73
13
10
17
7

1
1
1
- '
1
1

4
6
9
9
4
3
-

6
8
22
5
2
4
3
3
3
1

New Jersey..................................
New M exico.................................
New Y o rk .....................................
North C arolina.............................
North D akota...............................
O h io ..............................................
Oklahoma ....................................
Oregon .........................................
P ennsylvania...............................
Rhode Is la n d ...............................

236
9
341
21
3
384
28
42
449
24

33
27
1
20

2
4
1
4
-

_
2
1
5

167
8
277
17
3
302
23
32
338
15

7
2
17
3
-

1
3
2
16
2
1
7
-

26
1
26
23
3
7
46
5

South C a ro lin a ............................
South D a k o ta ..............................
Tennessee ...................................
Texas ...........................................
U ta h ..............................................
Vermont .......................................
V irg in ia .........................................
W ashington..................................
West V irg in ia ...............................
Wisconsin ....................................
W yom ing......................................

10
5
64
69
17
3
68
83
124
79
7

10
4
53
58
14
2
64
71
113
69
7

_
-

_

2
-

-

2
48
4

-

3
-

_

_

6
3
1
2
5
4
2
“

-

_
-

-

-

1
1

1
1
2
-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




60

_

-

1
1
2
4

1
3
7
2
1
4
4
3
-

Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by State and occupation, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State

Total

Professional
and
technical

Production
and
maintenance

Sales

Clerical

Protective

Combinations

Service

W orkers involved
United S ta te s............................

1,366.3

164.8

3.8

19.5

994.7

13.6

A labam a.......................................
Alaska ..........................................
A rizo n a .........................................
Arkansas ......................................
C alifornia......................................
Colorado ......................................
Connecticut .................................
D elaw are......................................
District of C olum bia....................
F lo rid a ..........................................

13.4
.3
20.1
2.1
338.7
11.4
8.4
1.6
1.7
15.2

_
.2
42.9
1.0
.4
.1
.4
.3

1.6
-

-

12.4
.2
18.0
1.2
236.4
10.3
5.4
1.4
.3
14.1

1.4
.5
.6

Georgia ........................................
H aw aii...........................................
Idaho ............................................
Illin o is ...........................................
Indiana .........................................
Io w a ..............................................
Kansas .........................................
K entu cky......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine ...........................................

4.6
6.9
1.2
87.8
28.9
4.3
3.0
27.8
10.0
3.9

.1
.3
34.3
.6
(2
)
.2
-

-

.1
4.8
.6
-

-

3.5
6.9
.8
46.4
22.2
4.0
2.9
27.7
9.5
3.9

Maryland ......................................
M assachusetts............................
M ichigan.......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Mississippi ...................................
M issouri........................................
M ontana.......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ..........................

9.7
26.2
77.7
21.6
5.4
26.0
4.9
2.3
11.4
2.9

2.0
2.8
15.7
.1
1.2
.2

-

.1
.1
.8
.2
-

6.5
17.7
42.2
13.0
5.3
21.2
3.6
.8
8.2
2.6

.1
.2
.4
.6
-

_
.2
.1
.5
.1
-

26.1
2.7
97.1
2.5
.3
80.1
6.1
6.0
71.5
1.1

_

_

_

.4
.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

.4
.5
.5
-

New Jersey..................................
New M exico.................................
New Y o rk .....................................
North C arolina.............................
North D akota...............................
O h io ..............................................
Oklahoma ....................................
Oregon .........................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Rhode Is la n d ...............................

41.8
2.9
119.7
2.7
.3
97.5
8.0
10.0
118.6
8.3

South Carolina ............................
South D a k o ta ..............................
Tennessee ...................................
Texas ...........................................
U ta h ..............................................
Vermont .......................................
Virginia .........................................
W ashington..................................
West V irg in ia ...............................
Wisconsin ....................................
W yom ing......................................

.7
.2
16.1
48.7
9.8
.4
18.3
23.5
32.8
24.0
2.9

(2
)

.5
.1
.2
(2)

7.6
12.0
.1
3.3
.5
32.5
1.6

.1
.1
1.7
1.0
.6
-

(2)
.2

See footnotes at end of table.




61

(2
)
15.1
.2
(2)
.4
.1
(2
)

.7
.2
14.5
35.7
8.7
.4
17.8
19.1
30.0
22.8
2.9

21.4
(2)
8.2
(2)
.1
(2)
(2
)
(2
)

.5
.1
(2)
.3
-

-

.2
.3
1.2
5.9
.1
1.5
-

.1
.8
-

-

(2)

(2)
(2)
.9
4.7
17.7
2.4
.1
2.5
1.3
1.4
1.7
(2)

.1
.1
.1
1.0

7.1
.1
10.1
9.9
1.9
3.4
12.6
5.6

(2)
(2)
1.0
-

_

_

1.1
-

.9
1.7
5.4
.2
.1

(2)

(2
)

.7
.1
2.4
.2
-

.9
.1
1.8
.9
33.0
.1
2.3
(2
)
.1

-

(2
)
(2
)
(2
)

(2
)

148.5

-

_
(2
)
.2
12.4
.7
-

-

(2
)

-

-

-

(2
)
.3
.1
-

(2)
2.3
1.5
.3
-

Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by State and occupation, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State

Total

Professional
and
technical

Production
and
maintenance

Sales

Clerical

Protective

Combinations

Service

Days idle during year
United S ta te s............................

33,288.5

3,943.8

55.1

551.2

22,743.1

102.9

488.0

5,404.5

A labam a.......................................
Alaska ..........................................
A rizona.........................................
Arkansas ......................................
C alifornia......................................
Colorado ......................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaw are......................................
District of C olum bia....................
F lo rid a ..........................................

487.7
77.4
1,164.1
73.5
6,775.0
594.4
514.0
35.3
26.7
201.3

_
5.5
2,320.2
12.6
6.2
.2
10.7
3.9

_
24.4
-

_
.4
437.6
1.8
.2
9.0
-

478.9
71.8
1,152.8
58.4
3,603.0
579.2
176.7
34.4
5.7
193.4

_
6.3
1.0
2.6

.6
174.2
1.7
9.2
.5
(2)
.1

8.2
5.6
5.5
15.0
209.3
1.0
320.0
.3
1.2

Georgia ........................................
Haw aii...........................................
Idaho ........ ;...................................
Illinois ...........................................
Indiana .........................................
Io w a ..............................................
Kansas .........................................
K entu cky......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine ...........................................

123.6
138.5
99.8
2,443.7
2,081.3
81.9
97.8
564.0
360.7
111.8

.6
.3
.6
333.5
.8
1.1
.2
-

_
-

.3
.7
-

104.3
138.2
99.1
947.4
739.3
78.5
96.0
358.2
357.9
111.4

.3
68.1
2.3
-

_
(2)
30.2
6.5
.3
1.6
-

18.3
1,064.3
1,332.5
3.1
.6
205.8
.2
.1

Maryland ......................................
M assachusetts............................
M ichigan.......................................
M innesota....................................
Mississippi ...................................
M issouri........................................
M ontan a.......................................
Nebraska .....................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ..........................

119.2
413.3
1,779.6
580.3
115.3
682.4
96.9
18.4
125.2
59.3

24.0
36.7
213.0
.8
8.5
1.5

2.6
1.9
.7
1.3
-

2.6
3.2
54.0
5.9
-

76.0
301.7
1,221.5
451.1
108.2
571.1
90.9
10.3
86.3
57.7

9.4
8.3
38.3
68.4
10.3
35.8
-

7.3
60.6
250.8
59.3
7.0
81.0
6.0
8.1
3.1
.1

New Jersey..................................
New M exico.................................
New Y o rk .....................................
North C arolina.............................
North D akota...............................
O h io ..............................................
Oklahoma ....................................
Oregon .........................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Rhode Is la n d ...............................

809.3
83.4
1,371.0
63.8
15.3
2,430.5
236.1
209.9
2,216.5
131.3

74.2
133.2
.4
58.0
26.0
581.9
11.2

.4
1.5
4.7
-

582.1
83.3
1,003.7
61.8
15.3
1,750.2
211.8
150.6
1,276.5
54.3

4.0

17.0
-

_
1.4
.3
8.5
1.6
-

.4
23.7
1.2
25.5
.7
.3
21.4
6.3

148.2
.1
206.3
576.2
23.5
33.0
317.0
59.5

South Carolina ............................
South D a k o ta ..............................
Tennessee ...................................
Texas ...........................................
U ta h ..............................................
Vermont .......................................
Virginia .........................................
W ashington..................................
West V irg in ia ...............................
Wisconsin ....................................
Wyoming ......................................

51.3
1.9
529.0
2,203.4
383.3
28.3
196.4
959.4
353.6
925.0
47.4

_
27.9
11.5
3.2
2.2
18.2
1.0
13.8

_
-

_
-

51.3
1.5
345.1
2,019.8
369.9
25.1
182.6
921.3
333.3
896.5
47.4

_
3.8
-

(2
)

1 Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted
separately in each State affected; workers involved and days idle were
allocated among the States.




-

-

-

12.1
10.0
1.6

-

.2
.3

-

“

(2
)
.1
.2

.2
.1
4.3
(2)
(2)

1.2
7.3
1.1
-

-

“

_
-

1.0
-

.8
6.3
4.7

_
.3
152.2
171.1
1.2
. 1.6
17.6
12.8
9.7
“

2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported. .

62

Tabs® 23. Work §3opp@ s in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
g@
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Alabama

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Workers
involved

All industries 1 ......................................................

46
32

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .2 ............................................ ................

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

13.4

Manufacturing 1 ...................................................... .

Lumber and wood products, except
fu rn itu re ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products....... ‘ ...............................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

Colorado

California
Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
Workers stoppages)
involved

Number

Workers
involved

487.7

357

338.7

6,775.0

31

11.4

594.4

9.8

422.3

167

55.5

1,681.0

9

6.3

317.7

3
1
3

.4
.2
.7

9.5
65.5
2.5

14
4

7.7
.3

112.3
9.8

_
1
-

.4
-

44.3
-

3
4

.2
5.2

9.8
246.0

11
5
2

3.1
1.9
.1

51.5
35.8
5.2

1
“

-

.3

1

-

1
8

.7

1.1
17.7

-

-

-

(3
)

.6

2

0

1.9

4

13.0

842.4

1

5.3

256.2

.2
.1

13.9
.7

.1

1.7
.7

-

-

(3)

Number

3
8

.4
2.0

44.3
35.8

9
13
14

1.3
2.5
2.0

23.4
19.6
56.0

(3)
“

3
1

-

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
s u p p lie s...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
, Instruments, e tc .5 .....................................................

1

_
.1

1.4
1.5

34
15

5.7
5.3

141.4
72.8

1
1

1
2
-

.1
.4
-

2.0
1.3
-

11
13
5

1.3
9.5
.6

22.5
240.4
24.6

-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

-

-

-

4

.4

4.4

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

14

3.6

65.4

190

283.2

5,094.0

22

5.1

276.8

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
M in in g .........................................................................
Contract con structio n...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

6
“

_
1.8

31.0
3.9
“

9
26

6.5
168.1

59.0
.2
1,756.8

3
1

2.7
.3

_
253.9
1.6

3
2

.4
.1

2.7
2.5

31
38

28.6
17.8

191.7
511.3

6
4

.7
.9

8.7
4.6

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices....................................................... ...............
G overnm ent6 ............................................... .............

_

_

_

21.2
2,423.9
129.8

_

17.7
7.6

1.0
43.9
17.4

_

.5
.8

3
32
51

_

2
1

4
4

.1
.3

4.4
3.4

See footnotes at end of table.




63

,

(3)

Table 23. C o n tin ued -W o rk stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Connecticut

Industry

Georgia

Florida

All industries 1 ......................................................

60

8.4

514.0

53

15.2

201.3

35

4.6

123.6

Manufacturing 1.......................................................

29

4.7

442.8

17

3.5

91.3

21

2.8

80.5

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ............................................................

-

_
.1

2
-

.2
-

3.3
-

3
2
1

1.0
.6
.2

1

.1

.3
.6

1

.1

6.4

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

.3

2

.3

19.7

2
2

2

.2

3.3

-

-

-

1

.1

3.2

2
1
5

.2
.1
.8

35.0
.4
23.4

1
3
“

.1
1.0
-

.6
4.6

_

_

_

-

“

-

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation eq uipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

6
3

.4
.7

24.6
14.8

1
-

.4

.4
7.7

5
2

1.3
.6
-

16.5
317.2
“

2
"

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

31

3.7

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s ..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

6
2
11

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

9
3

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
indu stries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

1
-

-

_

-

.5
.2

14.9
2.3
2.0

-

39.4
5.1
8.3

3
2
1

.4
.3
.1

21.0
3.0
2.6

.5

13.5
2.7

(3
)

.5
-

1
1

.1
”

9.8
-

1
-

-

-

-

1

71.2

36

11.7

110.1

14

1.8

43.0

.8

19.5

1
2
12

.3
8.9

.3
2.0
87.1

1
2

.3
.6

1.7
18.9

.2
.5

2.0
12.6

8
2

1.1
.2

7.6
5.3

3
3

.1
.4

1.4
17.7

.5
.8

5.3
2.4

1
4

_

-

36.7
.3

2.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




-

4
2

64

_

5
6

(3
)
-

(3)

(3
)

.2
“

.7
5.6

.9

(3)

(3)
.4

_

1.2
2.1

Table 23. C ontinued-W ork stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Indiana

Illinois

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
Workers stoppages)
involved

Workers
involved

2,443.7

137

28.9

2,081.3

33

4.3

81.9

19.6

1,692.7

79

18.0

1,344.6

16

1.8

48.0

_
2.7

_
51.6
2.4

_
9
-

_
1.3
-

_
54.5
-

_
2
-

_
.3
-

_
7.7
-

.2
1.5
.6

1.6
17.5
24.4

2
2
1

.2
.7

5.3
12.9
2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
3

.1
.1

1.5
1.3

1
5

.2
.1

12.0
5.7

-

-

-

2

2.3

147.4

1

2.1

122.6

2.3

Workers
involved

All industries 1 ......................................................

268

87.8

Manufacturing 1 .......................................................

109

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .2 ............................................................

_
8
1

.1

6
5
6

Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Number

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Iowa

_

-

-

_

(3)

Number

1

.1

_

_

_

1
4
20

.1
.2
2.9

1.1
4.1
79.3

3
7
10

.2
.6
1.5

13.2
28.4
157.3

2
-

.1
-

.6
-

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies .......................... >
........................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

14
22

1.4
3.1

31.0
1,000.0

15
11

3.0
1.2

97.6
48.9

4
3

.6
.2

23.5
6.4

3
7
3

.6
3.2
.6

16.4
295.4
17.1

6
5
1

4.0
2.8
(3)

56.1
726.3
.9

1
1
1

.1
.2

.7
.1
1.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing indu stries................

2

.1

.7

-

-

-

1

.1

5.3

Nonmanufacturing ' ...............................................

159

68.2

750.9

58

10.8

736.7

17

2.5

33.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary s e rv ic e s .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

_
42
14

_
8
6

_
1.9
2.2

-

21.2
2.4

120.4
22.6

6.6
38.3

7

1.9

_
16.7

17
16

2.4
1.9

53.2
60.2

10
17

3.9
.8

559.7
72.3

2
3

.3
.1

7.6
1.3

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

1
18
51

(3)
1.4
39.0

.6
124.8
369.2

1.4
47.8
10.6

_

_

2
14

5
-

.2
-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




65

1

(3
)
.2
1.7

-

(3
)

_
8.3
-

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Kentucky

Industry

Maryland

Louisiana

All industries 1 ......................................................

109

27.8

564.0

25

10.0

360.7

53

9.7

119.2

Manufacturing 1 .......................................................

50

11.6

426.8

10

3.9

245.4

23

3.1

40.9

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco manufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ............................................................

_
2
1

_

_
2.0

_
3

_
.1

6.5

.7
.1
.1

7.0
.2
.1

1.2
5.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.1

-

-

-

_
5
1
1

1
1
2

.2
.1
.2

1.8
7.4
4.5

“

“

10.4

1
1

.1
.1

2
5

.3
.5

.9
14.1

3

.4

30.2

2

.1

2

1.3

73.7

1

3.0

181.5

~

~

“

7
2

.8
.2

20.4
109.8

2
-

.1
-

1.4
4.2

3
1
3

.5
.2
.4

; 4.8
.2
8.1

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

3
12

.7
5.3

5.1
170.4

_
1

_
.2

_
11.2

3
~

.3

6.2
“

8
2
-

1.7
.1
-

9.0
5.4
-

-

-

-

1
1
-

.3
.1
-

4.2
.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

59

16.3

137.2

15

6.2

115.3

30

6.5

78.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
M in in g .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary s e rv ic e s .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

1
40
5

.1
10.7
4.6

2.5
23.3
86.7

_
4

5.1

103.2

2
3

.3
.8

6.0
5.7

4
5

.2
.6

2.1
20.2

4
1

.3
.3

8.8
.9

6
8

.9
.9

16.2
7.5

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

1
1

2.2

1
3

.4

.7
1.5

2
6

.1
2.2

.2

.3

3

1.2

3.0
32.2
7.6

Lumber and wood products, except
fu rn itu re ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied p roducts........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

2

(3)

(3
)

(3)
(3)

(3)
.1

.1

See footnotes at end of table.




66

2

-

(3)

-

.

-

-

-

3.1

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Massachusetts

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

413.3

286

77.7

11.4

226.1

126

6
4
1

_
.9
1.8
.1

_
67.1
7.6
.6

_
7
-

1
2
5

.1
.7
.2

1.0
16.7
3.9

1
2
3

4
1

.7
.1

8.9
1.2

1

.1

.5

Workers
involved

All industries 1 ......................................................

134

26.2

Manufacturing 1.......................................................

66

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .2 ............................................................
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Number

1
1
4
6

Minnesota

Michigan

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

1,779.6

95

21.6

580.3

26.5

885.5

42

7.7

340.4

_
1.6
-

_
59.3
-

3
-

.3
-

_
28.0
-

.1
.8

.4
3.4
22.6

3
3
-

.1
.5
-

2.0
12.6
-

2
3

1.9
.1

17.8
13.2

2
1

1.5
.6

27.8
30.7

-

-

-

1

.5

21.2

_

_

_

(3)

-

1.0
10.8
5.5
9.4

.1
.8
.3 .
.4

7
7
12

.4
1.5
5.3

12.8
71.9
156.6

1
4
4

.7
.2
.7

17.4
7.0
33.8

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except ele c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

6
7

.2
1.1

9.6
22.8

23
34

5.1
5.9

156.2
194.5

8
8

.8
1.5

22.8
101.8

6
5
2

1.5
1.6
.6

22.2
21.0
12.3

9
15
-

.9
2.7
-

20.1
154.0
-

1
-

.1
-

.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

3

.2

4.3

1

.1

2.8

3

.4

34.6

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

68

14.8

187.3

160

51.2

894.1

53

13.9

239.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s ..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

10

_
3.9

51.5

3
22

_
1.1
13.6

(3
)
50.9
201.4

1
6

(3
)
4.8

10
16

1.0
1.5

13.5
15.3

10
33

.4
3.3

18.2
108.4

10
16

1.5
1.3

44.1
31.8

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

_
12
20

_
1.0
7.4

_
21.1
85.8

4
13
75

.5
3.3
28.9

15.2
145.2
354.8

13
7

6.0
.2

_
73.9
1.2

See footnotes at end of table.




67

-

-

_
0
88.8

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Industry

Missouri

New Jersey

New York

All industries 1 ......................................................

88

26.0

682.4

236

41.8

809.3

341

119.7

1,371.0

Manufacturing 1.......................................................

47

9.3

239.8

108

15.1

554.4

195

37.6

563.4

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ............................................................

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

6
1
1

.8
-

8.6

.5
.7
.1

4.1
8.7
2.1

10
6
13

1.3
_
.3
.3

54.0
16.4
28.3

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied p ro d u cts........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts ................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

(3)
(3)

.2
1.3

6
8
3

(3
)
.2

.8
5.4

2
2
7

.1
.1
1.2

.6
1.7
10.5

3
13
7

.3
2.0
1.0

10.6
25.1
10.6

4

.2

13.8
6.6

3
19

.3
2.5

3.8
145.3

7
3

1.7
.9

9.6
25.8

1

.4

24.4

2

2.2

75.6

1

.2

12.3

6
1
5
17

.6
.3
.6
3.2

5.7
.9
3.4
34.2

1
1

-

1

.4

1.3

2

.1

-

-

-

-

-

2
1

.1
.1

2.9
6.9

5
11

.3
2.7

.4
3.7
146.3

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
s u p p lie s ...................................................................
Transportation equipm e nt........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

7
10

2.3
3.4

28.4
94.7

10
13

.2
1.4

3.8
74.9

22
35

2.2
9.7

34.4
153.0

2
5
2

.5
.3
.1

17.6
8.8
.8

8
2
2

2.1
.3
.2

66.1
1.5
3.6

26
8
3

9.9
1.4
.2

66.1
31.5
1.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing in d u strie s................

2

.3

17.2

3

.1

1.9

9

1.5

39.8

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

41

16.7

442.7

128

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s ..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract con structio n...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

_

_

_

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

254.8

147

82.1

807.6

_

_

2
12

.1
10.2

.6
292.9

11

3.3

2.8
40.3

1
13

.1
17.4

2.2
110.4

6
7

2.6
.9

84.1
26.7

18
28

7.1
1.4

27.2
14.9

21
40

11.4
4.4

58.3
44.4

7
44
21

.2
8.4
40.2

4.8
271.4
316.1

_

7
7

_

_

.7
2.3

19.1
19.2

See footnotes at end of table.




26.7

_

68

_
21
50

_
2.5
12.4

_
77.9
91.8

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Oregon

Oklahoma

Ohio

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (alj
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

236.1

42

10.0

209.9

5.6

206.9

20

3.6

105.6

_
-

-

-

2
-

.1
“

_
4.0
-

19.3
1.9
43.3

1
1
1

.3
.2

49.8
.4
.1

3
“

.9
“

7.1
“

.9

37.7

-

-

-

2

.1

.3

1

2.0

111.6

2

2.6

112.2

1

11
10
22

1.3
1.5
3.6

56.8
33.5
142.9

2
-

.7
-

7.2
.6

1
2

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
s u p p lie s ...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, e tc .5 .....................................................

43
37

6.6
7.9

201.4
184.3

4
2

.5
.5

6.7
26.9

1
5

18
18
1

9.0
12.8
(3)

266.5
588.5
.3

2
-

.6

3.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing indu stries................

3

1.2

58.6

-

-

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

175

46.6

655.9

13

2.4

Number

Workers
involved

2,430.5

28

8.0

51.0

1,774.6

15

15
-

_
1.6
-

_
25.3
2.6

5
4
13

.6
.1
1.9

8

Number

Workers
involved

All industries 1 ......................................................

384

97.5

Manufacturing 1 .......................................................

209

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .2 ............................................................
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

-

(3
)

-

1.2

(3
)
.1
.7

.2
30.4

1.1

.1
58.9

2
1

.2
.2
-

3.1
.3
-

-

-

-

-

29.2

22

6.4

104.3

(3
)

-

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
M in in g .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary s e rv ic e s .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

-

-

-

-

19
19

8.8
13.0

46.2
180.8

1

-

-

6

1.5

29.3

10
43

3.2
5.0

29.4
120.6

7
3

16.7
12.1

6
2

2.5
.2

12.5
5.1

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

4
20
60

.1
2.8
13.6

5.4
153.8
119.6

-

’1
1

_
6

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




69

(3)

(3)

1.1
1.3

_

_
(3
)
(3
)

.1
.3

2

-

-

1.0
1.2

-

_
3 1 .2

26.2

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Industry
All industries 1 ......................................................

449

118.6

Texas

Tennessee

Pennsylvania
2,216.5

64

16.1

529.0

69

48.7

2,203.4
1,911.4

Manufacturing 1.......................................................

198

49.7

1,091.1

34

10.2

429.5

33

30.1

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ............................................................

_
18
6
3

_
5.9
1.3
.2

_
126.1
35.7
3.1

_
5
-

_
.8
-

_
23.7
-

_
4
-

-

.6
-

_
5.2
-

.9
1.2

.9
18.2
74.7

2
3
1

.1
1.8
.1

6.9
80.0
1.5

3
-

.8
-

8.9
-

6
8

.5
.6

12.3
18.7

_

_

_

_

2

.4

3.0

3

1.3

74.1

7

3.3

101.7

-

-

-

1

20.9

1,422.1

7
1
9
22

.9
.5
1.5
5.1

42.4
4.0
11.0
98.3

1
1
3
2

.2
.6
.2
.2

13.5
7.3
9.5
9.7

1
1
4

.1
.1
2.0

2.7
14.0
157.8

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation equipm e nt........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

37
25

8.6
5.7

208.5
116.2

3
4

3.0
1.3

90.4
162.9

6
6

.8
2.1

26.1
25.2

14
9
7

4.5
5.5
3.3

58.1
27.6
132.5

4
-

.8
-

3.2
-

1
3
-

.4
1.1
-

3.0
172.6
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

3

.1

1.1

3

.8

17.8

-

-

-

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

251

68.9

1,125.4

30

6.0

99.5

36

18.6

292.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s ..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

1
45
12

.2
13.1
3.6

2.3
30.4
16.3

1
2
5

.1
2.5

.5
2.3
20.9

1
6

34
45

9.7
2.9

323.1
41.4

5
3

.2
.5

1.4
24.0

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

1
31
82

(3)
3.4
36.0

.1
83.9
627.8

_

4
10

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

1
9
6

0

See footnotes at end of table.




70

_

(3)

_

.4
2.2

37.7
12.7

_

_

2.6

.3
45.3

11
10

7.4
7.3

121.8
104.5

3
5

_
.2
1.0

1.8
18.2

O

_

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Washington

Virginia

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Workers
involved

All industries 1 ......................................................

68

18.3

Manufacturing 1.......................................................

15

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 2 ............................................................

Stoppages
beginning in
year

West Virginia

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
Workers stoppages)
involved

Number

Workers
involved

196.4

83

23.5

959.4

124

32.8

353.6

2.6

61.1

30

4.5

166.6

22

4.1

125.5

_

-

3
-

1.3

.2

.1
.2
3.7

.2
-

.6
-

-

-

1
2
2
1

-

1
1

(3
)

(3
)

Number

-

-

_

1
-

.2
“

1.1
-

-

-

5
1
-

.8
.1
-

2.4
1.6
-

1
1

.2
.1

.5
19.1
9.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.8

.2

11.5

1

.8

47.6

1

A

10.2

.6
.1
.2

2.7
.2
2.3

3
2

.1
.6

5.5
51.4

2
1

.2
.7
.1

5.6
24.7
.4

.1

(3)
24.5

4
7

.3
.8

8.9
32.8

6
3

1.2
.3

13.8
22.6

2
1
-

.9
.1
-

4.1
11.3
-

1
3
-

.1
.9
-

1.7
13.5

2
1
2

.4
.1
.2

6.8
.5
7.1

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

53

15.7

135.3

53

19.0

792.8

102

28.8

228.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services .....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

40
6

11.8
3.2

23.0
73.2

1
15

.1
12.7

.1
722.5

73
3

24.2
.6

149.1
18.5

1
2

.1
.6

.5
34.8

6
16

.9
1.6

16.3
18.2

3
14

.3
1.6

6.3
42.0

_

_
.1

3.8

1
14

(3
)
3.6

.7
35.0

4
5

1.0
1.0

11 1
1.1

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather p roducts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................
Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

1
-

1
2

(3)

-

1
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

3
1

(3
)

(3
)

See footnotes at end of table.




71

_

_




Tab!® 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages
or more by industry, 1980
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Industry

Wisconsin

All industries 1 ......................................................

79

24.0

925.0

Manufacturing 1 .......................................................

51

13.0

510.3

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco manufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .1 ............................................................
23

_

1.0
-

6.7
-

Lumber and wood products, except
fu rn itu re ...................................................................
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.................................................................
Chemicals and allied products................................
Petroleum refining and related
industries.................................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products ..................................................................
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

6
-

_

-

-

-

-

2
2
2

.1
.2
.3

7.2
2.0
14.5

1
1

.2
.1

5.4
2.3

-

-

-

2
5
3

.7
.5
.6

11.2
8.3
50.8

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le ctrical....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ...................................................................
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................

8
9

3.4
2.2

201.5
111.8

3
3
-

3.0
.2
-

69.3
7.4
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

4

.2

1^.2

Nonmanufacturing 1 ...............................................

28

11.0

414.7

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s ..........................
M in in g .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary s e rvice s.....................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................
Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
Governm ent6 ............................................................

-

-

-

10

-

-

8.6

298.9

4
3

.4
.1

13.0
1.2

_

6
5

_

1.0
1.0

_

73.2
28.5

1 The number of stoppages reported fo r a m ajor industry group or division may
not equal the sum o f its com ponents because individual stoppages occu rring in
tw o or more groups are counted in each. W orkers involved and days idle are
a lloca ted among the respective groups.
2 Includes other finishe d products made from fab rics and s im ila r m aterials.
3 Fewer than 50.
4 Excludes ordnance, m achinery, and tra nspo rtatio n equipm ent.
5 Includes professional, s c ie n tific , and co n tro llin g instrum ents; photographic
and o p tical goods; w atches and clocks.
6The id e n tific a tio n o f a w ork stoppage in th is study is not a legal de term in a­
tio n th a t a w ork stoppage has violated law or pu blic policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sum s o f individual item s may not equal totals.
Dashes indicate th a t no data were reported.

72

Table 24. Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 19801
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages]

Number

S tockto n........................................................

13.4
2.8
4.5
.3
20.1
2.6
3.5
2.1

487.7
29.7
225.0
77.4
1,164.1
28.3
132.1
73.5

357
14
6
16
118
56
6
26
22
11
16
41
15
16
8
13
10
14
9
31
21
60
15
8
16
5

338.7
9.5
3.0
5.7
99.1
34.4
7.0
21.9
7.4
8.1
32.9
30.3
19.3
4.2
23
21.0
4.9
2.2
7.6
11.4
7.5
8.4
1.3
.8
1.1
.8

6,775.0
99.6
106.7
65.3
3,474.9
578.4
36.0
125.6
56.2
79.4
687.3
637.9
155.4
77.9
15.2
249.2
60.8
26.3
119.5
594.4
291.7
514.0
29.3
20.9
40.3
291.9

1.6
3.0
1.6
1.7
4.3
1.7
2.1

35.3
53.4
35.3
26.7
57.3
26.7
20.2

_15.2
3.6
1.0
2.1
.4
.5

201.3
26.4
29.3
19.2
9.5
3.6

4.6
2.3

123.6
68.5

6.9
6.8

138.5
136.6

9
268

San D ie g o .....................................................

46
18
8
7
22
13
7
16

9
8

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.............

33,288.5

35
18

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove ..........

1,366.3

53
8
6
15
6
6

A rizona.............................................................

3,885

13
16
12
12
24
12
9

All stoppages ...............................................

Workers
involved

1.2
87.8

99.8
2,443.7

127
114
10
5
137
17
15
9

56.2
48.0
1.3
.6
28.9
1.8
1.7
1.9

Chicago Northwestern Indiana




State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Workers
involved

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Gary-Hammond-East Chicago ...................
Indianapolis ..................................................
M uncie...........................................................
South Bend ..................................................
Terre H a u te ..................................................
Io w a ..................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline,
IA-IL ............................................................
Iowa p o rtio n ...............................................
Illinois p o rtio n ............................................
Des Moines ..................................................
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ..................................

14
23
5
12
8
33

8.2
2.8
2.0
1.2
.5
4.3

690.0
252.5
27.0
54.2
22.0
81.9

16
7
10
5
7

1.4
.5
.9
1.3
.7

517.7
4.9
512.8
15.2
20.5

Kansas .............................................................
K entucky..........................................................
Lexington-Fayette........................................
Louisville, K Y -IN ...........................................
Kentucky p o rtio n .......................................

8
109
6
35
32

3.0
27.8
1.0
9.6
93

97.8
564.0
11.4
364.1
353 4

Louisiana .........................................................
New Orleans ................................................

25
12

10.0
1.4

360.7
65.3

Maine ...............................................................
M aryland..........................................................
B altim ore.......................................................
Massachusetts................................................
B o sto n ...........................................................
Pittsfield ........................................................
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke,
M A -C T ........................................................
Massachusetts p o rtio n .............................
W o rce ste r.....................................................
Michigan ............................. :...........................
Ann Arbor .....................................................
Battle Creek .................................................
D etroit............................................................
F lin t................................................................
Grand R a p id s...............................................
Jackson .........................................................
Kalamazoo-Portage.....................................
Lansing-East Lansing..................................
Muskegon-Muskegon H eights....................
Saginaw ........................................................
M innesota........................................................
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI ..............................
Minnesota p o rtio n .....................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI .....................
Minnesota p o rtio n .....................................
Mississippi .......................................................
M issouri............................................................
Kansas City, MO-KS ...................................
Missouri p o rtion.........................................
St. Louis, M O -IL...........................................
Missouri po rtio n .........................................
Illinois portion ............................................
S pringfield.....................................................
M ontana...........................................................
B illin gs...........................................................

19
53
35
134
66
6

3.9
9.7
6.3
26 2
14.0
.9

1118
119.2
78.7
413 3
184.7
13.0

10
10
19
286
7
8
131
11
19
6
18
10
11
10
95
12
10
56
56
8
88
18
17
70
47
24
8
16
7

4.8
4.8
1.3
77.7
2.1
.3
47.9
1.1
6.0
.6
2.6
2.2
2.7
1.0
21.6
1.1
1.0
17.1
17.1
5.4
26.0
4.8
4.3
22.2
16.1
6.1
1.5
4.9
22

81 2
81.2
23.8
1,779.6
22.4
10.8
921 5
25.0
134.4
8.3
78.6
56.0
142.8
45.1
580.3
43.7
38.6
412.7
412.7
115.3
682 4
93.8
61 5
603.4
427.2
176.1
101.6
96 9
50 2

N e braska.........................................................
Omaha, N E -IA ..............................................
Nebraska portion ......................................
1,971.8 Nevada ............................................................
Las Vegas .....................................................
1,281.8
R e n o ..............................................................
11.5
31.9 New H am pshire..............................................
2,081.3 New J e rs e y .....................................................
39.6
Atlantic City ..................................................
28.8
Jersey C ity ....................................................
652.8
Long Branch-Asbury Park ..........................

14
9
9
23
10
9
11
236
11
24
9

2.3
2.1
2.1
11 4
4.2
39
2.9
41.8
1.8
4.9
1.8

18 4
15.9
15.9
1?5 ?
46 7
40 3
59 3
809 3
11 4
103 3
7.0

73

Table 24. Continued — Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

34
58
13
16
9
341
54
8
6
33
14

4.1
11.3
2.3
3.9
2.9
119.7
12 4
23
22
6.1
8

163.8
169.1
27.1
67.8
83.4
1,371.0
56.6
32.6
30.3
112.3
8.0

41
119

5.6
65.8

103.1
590.9

? 94
14
15
10
25
21
8

99 9
43
4.1
45
48
27
1.1

1 255 6
60.7
57.3
85.0
89.4
63.8
17.1

384
28
18
47
44
73
30
17
8
7
7
7
10
24
22
35
28
6
14
42
37
33
5
5

97.5
5.1
1.9
10 0
99
22.6
79
5.0
1.2
23
.7
2.5
1.3
4.3
4.1
9.8
8.0
1.2
4.6
10.0
7.8
6.7
1.1
.4

2,430.5
87.5
106.0
180 0
174.5
325.7
258.9
105.1
41.5
60 8
19.8
97.5
414.1
139.6
131.9
122.2
236.1
12.9
121.2
209.9
188.5
160.3
28.2
14.4

449

Nassau-Suffolk counties 3 ..........................
New York City 3 ...........................................
New York-Northeastern New Jersey

S yracu se.......................................................

C anton...........................................................

Ham ilton-M iddletown...................................
Lorain-Elyria..................................................
Mansfield ......................................................
S pringfield.....................................................
Toledo, OH-MI .............................................
Ohio p o rtio n ...............................................
Youngstown-W arren....................................
O klah om a........................................................
Oklahoma C ity ..............................................
T u ls a ..............................................................
Oregon .............................................................
Portland, O R -W A .........................................
Oregon p o rtio n ..........................................
Washington po rtio n ...................................

118.6

2,216.5

PA-NJ

30
27
10
13

8.5
8.4
1.5
2.6

112.3
111.6
12.5
48.1

Erie ................................................................

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Harrisburg .................................................
Johnstown ................................................
Lancaster..................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania..........................
Philadelphia, P A -N J.................................
Pennsylvania portion ............................
New Jersey po rtion...............................
Pittsburgh............................................ ......
R eading.....................................................
York ...” ......................................................

6.2
5.3
1.7
2.3
50.0
44.4
5.6
18.0
1.8
2.5

107.2
81.5
16.4
88.1
1,031.9
901.5
130.4
368.1
22.2
81.2

24

8.3

131.3

20
20

7.9
7.9

117.2
117.2

South C aro lina............................................
South D a ko ta ..............................................

74

11
26
8
21
141
109
33
108
12
8

Rhode Islan d...............................................
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket,
RI-MA .....................................................
Rhode Island p o rtio n ............................

1 Shows data separately fo r each state, m etropolitan area, Standard
C onsolidated Area (SCA) in w hich five stoppages or more began in 1980.
Some m e trop olitan areas and SCA’s include cou nties in more than one
State, and hence, may equal or exceed the to ta l fo r the S tate in w hich
the m ajor c ity is located. Stoppages in the logging and m ining in ­
du stries are excluded from m e trop olitan area and SCA totals. S top­
pages occu rring in more than one m etropolitan area are counted
separately in each area affected; the w orkers involved and days idle are
allocated to the respective areas.




Workers
involved

Number

New Brunswick-Perth

B u ffa lo ...........................................................

State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year

10
5

.7
.2

51.3
1.9

Tennessee ...................................................
Chattanooga, T N -G A ...............................
Tennessee p o rtio n ................................
Memphis, TN-MS-AR ..............................
Tennessee p o rtio n ................................
Nashville-Davidson ..................................
Texas ...........................................................
3eaumont-Port Arthur-Orange ...............
Dallas-Fort Worth ....................................
El P aso......................................................
Galveston-Texas C ity ..............................
H ouston.....................................................
San A nton io..............................................

64
10
10
20
17
13
69
8
18
5
6
25
7

16.1
3.9
3.9
4.7
4.6
4.1
48.7
17.2
4.6
1.8
6.8
10.5
.5

529.0
104.8
104.8
272.6
268.7
76.7
2,203.4
1,221.1
99.7
81.7
380.5
179.6
2.9

U ta h .............................................................

17

9.8

383.3

Salt Lake C ity-O gden.............................
V irg in ia ........................................................
Norfolk-Virginia BeachPortsmouth, VA-NC .............................

14
68

6.4
18.3

234.0
196.4

6
6

2.9
2.9

58.5
58.5

23 F
>
72
10
44
32 8
2.4
2.4
.7
.6
3.6
24.0
1.2
15.2
1.3
2.9

9.59 4
90 5
15.3
115.3
353.6
48.6
91.0
14.8
13.4
77.8
925.0
43.2
713.7
11.2
47.4

Charleston ...............................................
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH ..........
Parkersburg-Marietta, W V-O H ...............
Ohio p o rtio n ..........................................
Wheelinq, W V-O H...................................
W isconsin...................................................
Kenosha ...................................................
M ilw aukee................................................
R a cin e ......................................................
W yom ing.....................................................

R3
?8
11
17
124
16
9
10
7
6
79
5
22
7
7

2 C onsists o f C hicago, III. and Gary-Hamm ond-East C hicago, !nd.
3 Included in the New York city SMSA.
“ C onsists of N assau/S uffolk C ounties, New York City, Putnam,
W estchester, and R ockland cou ntries in New York; Jersey C ity, Newark,
P atterson-C lifton-P assaic, and New B runsw ick in New Jersey.
NOTE: Because o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s may no t equal
to ta ls. Dashes indica te tha t no data were reported.

NOTE
Thfe number o f work stoppages in the New York—Northeastern New Jersey Standard Con­
solidated Area for 1979 was incorrect as published in table 24 o f BLS Bulletin 2092. The correct
figure is:

New York—Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area1 —
Number of
stoppages
1979 ..................................393

1 The Standard Consolidated Area consists of Nassau/Suffolk Counties, New
York City, Putnam County, Westchester County, and Rockland County in New
York; Jersey City, Newark, Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, and New Brunswick in
New Jersey.

The note following table 24 correcting data for this area for the years 1974-76 in BLS Bulletin
2032 (1977), page 58, should be disregarded. See Appendix, Metropolitan area data, for further
discussion o f these data.




75

Table 25. Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Total

1
day

2-3
days

4-6
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

S toppages ending in year
All industries ....................................................

2 3,939

324

325

369

741

820

681

287

392

M anufacturing.....................................................

2 1,847

59

100

141

335

400

395

174

243

Ordnance and accessories .................................

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Food and kindred p ro d u cts.................................
Tobacco m anufactures........................................
Textile mill p ro d u c ts .............................................
Apparel, etc. 3 ...................................................... .
Lumber and wood products, except furniture ....
Furniture and fix tu re s ...........................................

162
34
37
74
61

5
4
2
1

9
3
3
4
5

18
5
4
4
4

38
8
7
11
12

29
8
5
16
17

30
3
6
20
13

16
2
1
4
4

17
5
7
13
5

Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries ..........
Chemicals and allied products ...........................
Petroleum refining and related industries .........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ....

69
34
94
23
62

2
1
1
1
-

3
4
1
2
1

4
2
7
1
6

9
4
11
3
12

19
10
23
1
19

16
4
20
6
11

9
5
16
3
8

7
4
15
6
5

Leather and leather products .............................
Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u cts.........................
Primary metal industries ......................................
Fabricated metal products 4 ................................
Machinery, except electrical ...............................

8
124
163
288
279

_
3
3
2
11

2
5
8
15
15

_
7
14
16
21

2
33
37
47
41

2
31
25
72
52

2
21
36
77
62

_

_

9
22
24
31

15
18
35
46

Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .
Transportation equipment ...................................
Instruments, etc. 5 ................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............

145
119
28
47

18
4

19
8
1
-

30
17
3
10

28
25
8
11

21
28
6
13

7
7

1

13
3
4
-

6

9
27
6
6

Nonmanufacturing..............................................

2 2,097

265

225

228

406

421

286

114

152

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries......................
M ining.....................................................................
Contract construction...........................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas,
and sanitary s ervice s........................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ..................................

23
297
284

1
141
7

2
62
18

1
39
25

6
20
74

8
16
88

3
9
50

1
3
15

1
7
7

. 250
424

15
7

32
23

18
40

44
82

37
107

48
74

19
40

37
51

Finance, insurance, and real estate ..................
Services .................................................................
G overnm ent6 ........................................................

22
270
528

_
9
85

_

16
72

3
46
131

5
61
99

7
49
46

2
23
11

5
41
4

-

_

See footnotes at end of table.




76

25
80

-

Table 25. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Total

1
day

2-3
days

7-14
days

4-6
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Workers involved
All indu stries....................................................

2 1,398

82

134

153

290

256

201

86

196

Manufacturing.....................................................

2 495

16

28

41

60

82

83

38

147

Ordnance and accessories.................................

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Food and kindred products.................................
Tobacco m anufactures........................................
Textile mill products.............................................
Apparel, etc. 3 .......................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture ....
Furniture and fix tu re s ...........................................

37
7
3
11
15

1
-

1
-

6
2

5
1
1
2
1

10
1
1
2
8

7
1

3
-

3
1

Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries ..........
Chemicals and allied products ...........................
Petroleum refining and related industries .........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ....

20
8
11
65
9

Leather and leather products .............................
Stone, clay, and glass p roducts.........................
Primary metal industries......................................
Fabricated metal products 4 ................................
Machinery, except electrical ...............................

3
15
44
50
75

Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .
Transportation equipment ...................................
Instruments, etc. 5 ................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............

46
64
6
6

Nonmanufacturing..............................................

2 903

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries......................
M ining.....................................................................
Contract construction...........................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas,
and sanitary s ervice s........................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ..................................

9
115
320

Finance, insurance, and real estate ..................
S ervices.................................................................
G overnm ent6 ........................................................

1
76
225

95
63

0
(7)
0

(7)
(7
)
0
(7)

1
1

(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)

2

-

-

11

1
3
5
11
10

1
3
6
20
12

1
4
4
7

15
5
21

7
6

-n 7
9

10
5
1
3

5
5
-

22
2

2

118

48

2

3
6
1
-

66

106

34
3

1
20
29
37
3

_
3
12

77

64
1

1
4
6
7
9

2

_

2

1
1

O

3

2
11

2

2
(7)

3

2
2

2

3

1
2

1

6

13

3

1

1

(7
)

5

7

1

2

(7
)

2
1

2

(7)

2

7
5
-

(7)

1
1

1
1

(7)

o

(7)

0
C)

3
3

2
1

C)
C)

(7)

(7)

2

0
(7)

0

See footnotes at end of table.




(7)
(7)

(7)

2

1

-

1

7
7
1
1

111

230

174

4
15
82

2

13
61

5
71

8
56

1
8

19
9

3
5

8
9

10
17

14
20

2
2

8
4

(7
)

O

0

_
4
24

(7
)

O

4
109

(7
)

(7
)

22
47

49
(7
)

(7
)
6
13

(7
)

O

27
8

8
(7
)

Table 25. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

1
day

Total

2-3
days

4-6
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Days idle
All indu stries....................................................

2 33,824

82

274

587

2,250

3,677

5,350

4,644

16,959

Manufacturing.....................................................

2 18,639

16

66

141

436

1,182

2,363

1,904

12,533

Ordnance and accessories .................................

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Food and kindred p roducts.................................
Tobacco m anufactures........................................
Textile mill p ro d u c ts.............................................
Apparel, etc. 3 .......................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture ....
Furniture and fix tu re s ...........................................

873
289
81
454
310

1
-

3
-

21
7

40
13
4
12
11

124
11
9
33
97

200
21
8
94
93

162
10
2
25
67

321
226
55
287
40

Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries ..........
Chemicals and allied products ...........................
Petroleum refining and related industries .........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ....

698
134
551
3,780
231

5

10
21
5
1
8

90
37
48
1
50

105
13
52
29
41

126
20
99
35
47

364
40
344
3,714
80

Leather and leather products .............................
Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u c ts.........................
Primary metal industries ......................................
Fabricated metal products 4 ................................
Machinery, except electrical ...............................

43
359
1,780
1,474
3,235

1
2
17
3
5

_
6
9
7
38

12
27
45
45
69

8
41
75
168
156

21
84
186
521
370

_
43
177
201
336

_
155
1,269
527
2,259

Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .
Transportation equipment ...................................
Instruments, etc. 5 ................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............

790
3,150
192
216

7
15
3

17
20

51
56
2

278
140
34
73

244
227
82

86
2,579
143
43

Nonmanufacturing..............................................

2 15,185

(7)

C)
(7)
0

1
1
1

C)

2
3

(7)

n
0

-

1

(7)
2’

7
5

1
2
2
(7)

3

(7
)
(7)
(7)

0

0

(7)

-

-

4

102
107
11
14

66

208

447

1,814

2,495

2,987

2,740

4,427

37
84

38
287

31
46
720

33
67
1,019

7
132
1,398

4

34
3

64
345

32
1,457
860

-

(7)

4

(7)

-

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries......................
M ining.....................................................................
Contract construction...........................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas,
and sanitary se rv ic e s ........................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ..................................

111
1,876
4,717
1,388
1,604

13
2

47
6

11
21

52
59

135
218

359
588

81
95

691
614

Finance, insurance, and real estate ..................
S erv ic e s .................................................................
G overnm ent6 ........................................................

35
2,761
2,692

_
2
11

_
7
24

_
13
76

1
29
876

3
356
664

15
148
338

4
1,475
672

11
731
31

O

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4 and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.
2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar




(7)

materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
7 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

78

Table 26. Work stoppages by major issue and duration, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Major issue

Total

1
day

2-3
days

4-6
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

90 days
and over

60-89
days

Stoppages ending in year
All issues.............................................................

3,939

324

325

369

741

820

681

287

392

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits.......................................
Wage adjustm ents................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual matters ...................................
Union organization and se c u rity.........................
Job secu rity...........................................................
Plant adm inistration..............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion matters .........................
Not re ported..........................................................

2,646
74
53
9
214
217
185
390
57
66
28

88
8
6
23
8
19
134
11
25
2

147
6
9
2
13
16
27
75
13
17

213
2
8
2
16
12
20
68
13
10
5

548
19
9
37
41
21
42
10
8
6

635
13
7
2
48
46
34
20
2
5
8

524
15
7
2
40
32
28
25
5
1
2

220
7
3
1
11
22
13
9
1

271
4
4
26
40
23
17
3
4

All issues.............................................................

1,398.3

82.3

133.5

152.8

290.0

256.0

201.4

86.0

196.3

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits.......................................
Wage adjustm ents................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual matters ...................................
Union organization and se c u rity.........................
Job se cu rity...........................................................
Plant adm inistration..............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion matters .........................
Not re ported..........................................................

862.5
14.5
33.9
.9
34.0
36.5
197.9
176.8
14.7
23.9
2.9

27.1
1.0
2.0
3.3
1.2
8.0
31.2
2.6
5.3
.6

39.2
1.8
2.1
.3
2.4
8.6
16.7
54.7
3.1
4.5

108.0
1.0
1.8
.1
1.2
2.4
4.8
24.3
5.0
3.1
1.0

172.8
4.5
.7
9.8
6.9
68.0
16.3
1.3
9.5
.3

188.9
1.9
1.1
.2
5.5
11.5
41.4
3.1
(2
)
1.4
.9

129.2
2.8
.7
.2
8.6
1.7
45.5
10.2
2.3
(2)
.1

47.9
1.0
25.2
(2)
.7
1.3
8.8
1.0

149.4
.3
.2
2.5
2.9
4.8
35.9
.4
.1

Workers involved

-

(2)

Days idle
All issues.............................................................

33,824.5

82.3

273.9

587.4

2,250.2

3,677.1

5,349.8

4,644.4

16,959.4

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary be n e fits.......................................
Wage adjustments................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual matters ...................................
Union organization and se c u rity.........................
Job se cu rity...........................................................

22,284.0
233.3
1,430.1
14.0
730.4
804.6
3,299.9
4,801.6
111.3
79.6
35.7

27.1
1.0
2.0
3.3
1.2
8.0
31.2
2.6
5.3
.6

97.1
3.7
4.2
.5
5.3
21.9
28.4
96.8
7.6
8.4

450.8
4.1
5.4
.3
4.8
9.0
11.1
73.0
15.1
9.5
4.2

1,325.9
28.0
5.2
61.8
47.2
640.0
95.9
7.7
36.5
2.1

2,655.3
30.1
17.5
3.4
77.9
184.6
630.9
44.5
.4
18.8
13.8

3,523.8
75.3
18.9
8.7
246.9
45.2
1,170.7
209.7
47.9
1.1
1.6

2,682.0
53.2
1,361.3
1.1
35.5
66.9
387.2
56.1
1.2

11,522.1
37.9
15.5
295.0
428.7
423.7
4,194.4
29.9
12.2

Plant administration............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion matters .........................
Not re ported..........................................................

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.




2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

79

Table 27. Work stoppages by contract status and duration, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages ending in year
Days idle

Workers involved

Stoppages

Contract status and duration

Percent

Number

Percent

1,398.3

100.0

33,824.5

100.0

8.2
8.3
9.4
18.8
20.8
17.3
7.3
10.0

82.3
133.5
152.8
290.0
256.0
201.4
86.0
196.3

5.9
9.5
10.9
20.7
18.3
14.4
6.2
14.0

82.3
273.9
587.4
2,250.2
3,677.1
5,349.8
4,644.4
16,959.4

.2
.8
1.7
6.7
10.9
15.8
13.7
50.1

349
15
20
24
68
81
55
33
53

8.9
.4
.5
.6
1.7
2.1
1.4
.8
1.3

37.9
1.0
1.6
2.9
5.7
10.9
3.8
2.8
9.3

2.7
.1
.1
.2
.4
.8
.3
.2
.7

1,618.1
1.0
4.1
10.3
38.3
169.2
113.4
144.5
1,137.4

4.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
.1
.5
.3
.4
3.4

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening) .........................................................
1 d a y ..................................................................
2 to 3 d a y s ........................................................
4 to 6 d a y s ........................................................
7 to 14 d a y s......................................................
15 to 29 days ...................................................
30 to 59 days ...................................................
60 to 89 days ...................................................
90 days and over .............................................

2,626
74
140
203
538
616
547
232
276

66.7
1.9
3.6
5.2
13.7
15.6
13.9
5.9
7.0

1,098.9
26.2
47.0
104.0
246.6
230.2
182.9
80.5
181.5

78.6
1.9
3.4
7.4
17.6
16.5
13.1
5.8
13.0

30,349.7
26.2
117.6
436.9
2,029.1
3,301.5
4,904.9
4,363.4
15,170.2

89.7
.1
.3
1.3
6.0
9.8
14.5
12.9
44.8

During term of agreement (negotiation of new
agreements not involved) ...............................
1 d a y ..................................................................
2 to 3 d a y s ........................................................
4 to 6 d a y s ........................................................
7 to 14 d a y s ......................................................
15 to 29 days ...................................................
30 to 59 days ...................................................
60 to 89 days ...................................................
90 days and o v e r .............................................

525
197
121
100
61
20
16
10

13.3
5.0
3.1
2.5
1.5
.5
.4
.3

216.9
50.9
81.0
40.5
27.9
6.8
9.3
.4

15.5
3.6
5.8
2.9
2.0
.5
.7
(2
)

720.4
50.9
143.0
121.0
120.0
87.1
164.3
33.9

2.1
.2
.4
.4
.4
.3
.5
.1

No contract or other contract sta tu s................
1 d a y ..................................................................
2 to 3 d a y s ........................................................
4 to 6 d a y s ........................................................
7 to 14 d a y s......................................................
15 to 29 days ...................................................
30 to 59 days ...................................................
60 to 89 days ...................................................
90 days and over .............................................

114
23
23
19
14
15
10
4
6

2.9
.6
.6
.5
.4
.4
.3
.1
.2

15.8
2.0
2.8
3.2
3.9
.8
1.4
.3
1.5

1.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
(2)
.1

329.7
2.0
6.7
10.1
26.3
12.4
39.3
14.9
217.9

1.0
(2
)
(2)
(2)
.1
(2)
.1
(2
)
.6

No information on contract s ta tu s ....................
1 d a y ..................................................................
2 to 3 d a y s ........................................................
4 to 6 d a y s ........................................................
7 to 14 d a y s ......................................................
15 to 29 days ...................................................
30 to 59 days ...................................................
60 to 89 days ...................................................
90 days and over .............................................

325
15
21
23
60
88
53
18
47

8.3
.4
.5
.6
1.5
2.2
1.3
.5
1.2

28.8
2.3
1.3
2.3
5.8
7.3
3.9
2.4
3.6

2.1
.2
.1
.2
.4
.5
.3
.2
.3

806.5
2.3
2.5
9.1
36.4
106.9
127.7
121.6
400.0

2.4
(2)
(2)
(2
)
.1
.3
.4
.4
1.2

Number

Percent

All stoppages....................................................

3,939

100.0

1 d a y .....................................................................
2 to 3 days ..........................................................
4 to 6 days ..........................................................
7 to 14 days ........................................................
15 to 29 days ......................................................
30 to 59 d a y s ......................................................
60 to 89 days ......................................................
90 days and over ................................................

324
325
369
741
820
681
287
392

Negotiation of first agreement or union
recognition ........................................................
1 d a y ..................................................................
2 to 3 d a y s ........................................................
4 to 6 d a y s ........................................................
7 to 14 days ......................................................
15 to 29 days ...................................................
30 to 59 days ...................................................
60 to 89 days ...................................................
90 days and over .............................................

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4 and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.




Number

2 Less than 0.05 percent,
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.

80

Table 28. Work stoppages by contract status and mediation, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages ending in year
Days idle

Workers involved

Stoppages

Contract status and mediation agency

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stop pag es.............................................................

3,939

100.0

1,398.3

100.0

33,824.5

100.0

Government mediation 1 .............................................
2
Federal mediation .....................................................
State mediation .........................................................
Federal and State mediation com bined.................
Other m ediation.........................................................
Private mediation .........................................................
No mediation reported ................................................
No inform ation...... .-.......................................................

2,123
1,641
291
108
83
96
1,501
219

53.9
41.7
7.4
2.7
2.1
2.4
38.1
5.6

800.1
576.5
123.6
36.9
63.1
62.0
515.9
20.3

57.2
41.2
8.8
2.6
4.5
4.4
36.9
1.5

23,929.9
21,066.5
1,526.1
692.5
644.9
383.6
8,777.6
733.3

70.7
62.3
4.5
2.0
1.9
1.1
26.0
2.2

Negotiation of first agreem ent....................................
Government mediation 2 ...........................................
Federal m ediation...................................................
State m ediation.......................................................
Federal and State mediation c o m b in e d ..............
Other mediation ......................................................
Private m ediation.......................................................
No mediation reported..............................................
No inform ation...........................................................

349
157
114
24
9
10
18
159
15

8.9
4.0
2.9
.6
.2
.3
.5
4.0
.4

37.9
24.0
16.8
2.1
4.5
.6
1.8
11.2
.9

2.7
1.7
1.2
.1
.3
f)
.1
.8
.1

1,618.1
1,113.1
985.4
32.4
79.4
15.9
23.8
409.3
71.9

4.8
3.3
2.9
.1
.2
(3)
.1
1.2
.2

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening)..................................................................
Government mediation 2 ...........................................
Federal m ediation...................................................
State m ediation.......................................................
Federal and State mediation c o m b in e d ..............
Other m e diation......................................................
Private m ediation.......................................................
No mediation re ported..............................................
No information ...........................................................

2,626
1,788
1,384
249
98
57
59
725
54

66.7
45.4
35.1
6.3
2.5
1.4
1.5
18.4
1.4

1,098.9
747.2
541.5
115.3
32.3
58.0
56.5
288.4
6.8

78.6
53.4
38.7
8.2
2.3
4.1
4.0
20.6
.5

30,349.7
22,043.1
19,359.9
1,465.0
610.3
607.8
342.5
7,592.6
371.6

89.7
65.2
57.2
4.3
1.8
1.8
1.0
22.4
1.1

During term of agreement (negotiation of new
agreement not involved) ..........................................
Government mediation 2 ...........................................
Federal m ediation...................................................
State m ediation.......................................................
Federal and State mediation c o m b in e d ..............
Other m e diation......................................................
Private m ediation.......................................................
No mediation reported..............................................
No inform ation...........................................................

525
44
23
13
8
6
466
9

13.3
1.1
.6
.3
.2
.2
11.8
( .2

216.9
11.6
5.3
3.8

720.4
87.5
67.8
12.3
7.4
9.0
608.1
15.8

2.1
.3
.2
(3)
-

2.5
3.0
201.0
1.2

15.5
.8
.4
.3
.2
.2
14.4
.1

(3)
(3)
1.8
(3
)

No contract or other contract s ta tu s .........................
Government mediation 2 ...........................................
Federal m ediation...................................................
State m ediation.......................................................
Federal and State mediation c o m b in e d ..............
Other m e diation............... .......................................
Private m ediation.......................................................
No mediation re ported..............................................
No inform ation...........................................................

114
19
11
2
1
5
12
81
2

2.9
.5
.3
.1
(3
)
.1
.3
2.1
.1

15.8
4.8
2.9
.2
.1
1.6
.6
10.4
.1

1.1
.3
.2
(3)
(3)
.1
(3)
.7
(3)

329.7
240.4
224.0
.8
2.8
12.8
8.0
79.4
1.9

1.0
.7
.7
(3
)
(3
)
(3)
(3)
.2
(3)

No information on contract s ta tu s .............................
Government mediation 2 ...........................................
Federal m ediation...................................................
State m ediation.......................................................
Federal and State mediation combined ..............
Other m e diation......................................................
Private m ediation.......................................................
No mediation reported..............................................
No inform ation...........................................................

325
115
109
3
3
1
70
139

8.3
2.9
2.8
.1
.1
(3
)
1.8
3.5

28.8
12.5
10.0
2.1
.4
0
4.9
11.3

2.1
.9
.7
.2
-

806.5
445.9
429.3
15.6
_
1.1
.4
88.0
272.1

2.4
1.3
1.3
(3
)

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.
2 Includes stoppages in which private mediation was also employed.




-

(3)
(3
)
.4
.8

(3)
(3)
.3
.8

3 Less than 0.05 percent
4 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

81

Table 29. Work stoppages by contract status and type of settlement, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages ending in year,
Contract status and settlement

Days idle

Workers involved

Stoppages
Stoppages

All stoppages..............................................................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues .............................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e ............................................................................................
Strike broken .................................................................................
Work resumed under court injun ction........................................
Employer out of bu sin ess............................................................
No inform ation...............................................................................
Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition ................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues .........................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e ........................................................................................
Strike broken ..............................................................................
Work resumed under court injunction .....................................
Employer out of business .........................................................
No inform ation............................................................................

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

3,939

100.0

1,398.3

100.0

33,824.5

100.0

3,154

80.1

1,202.4

86.0

30,954.3

91.5

239
138
24
27
357

6.1
3.5
.6
.7
9.1

81.9
21.8
53.1
2.4
36.5

5.9
1.6
3.8
.2
2.6

340.7
279.6
102.7
158.5
1,988.7

1.0
.8
.3
.5
5.9

349

8.9

37.9

2.7

1,618.1

4.8

290

7.4

35.0

2.5

1,319.5

3.9

5
25
2
3
24

.1
.6
.1
.1
.6

.2
1.1

2,626

66.7

2,482

.1

16.1
34.7
1.1
1.4
245.3

1,098.9

78.6

30,349.7

89.7

63.0

1,075.8

76.9

28,738.7

85.0

4
47
6
14
73

.1
1.2
.2
.4
1.9

1.8
2.8
2.5
1.5
14.5

.1
.2
.2
.1
1.0

77.0
152.3
7.2
115.2
1,259.2

.2
.5

525

13.3

216.9

15.5

720.4

2.1

230

5.8

68.9

4.9

315.6

.9

230
41
13
3
8

5.8
1.0
.3
.1
.2

79.9
16.3
50.2
.1
1.5

5.7
1.2
3.6
(2)
.1

247.5
52.3
84.7
11.8
8.3

.7
.2
.3

No contract or other contract sta tu s ..........................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved is s u e s .........................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e ........................................................................................
Strike broken ..............................................................................
Work resumed under court injunction .....................................
Employer out of bu sin ess.........................................................
No inform ation............................................................................

114

2.9

15.8

1.1

329.7

1.0

98

2.5

14.7

1.0

296.5

.9

.1

29.7
.6
1.9
1.0

No information on contract s ta tu s ..............................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved is s u e s .........................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e ........................................................................................
Strike broken ..............................................................................
Work resumed under court injunction .....................................
Employer out of business .........................................................
No inform ation............................................................................

325

8.3

28.8

2.1

806.5

2.4

54

1.4

8.1

.6

284.0

.8

13
2
5
251

.3
.1
.1
6.4

.7
.4
.6
19.0

(2)
(2
)
(2)
1.4

10.6
9.0
28.1
474.9

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening) ...................................................................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved is s u e s .........................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e ........................................................................................
Strike broken ..............................................................................
Work resumed under court injunction .....................................
Employer out of business .........................................................
No inform ation............................................................................
During term of agreement (negotiation of new
agreement not involved) ...........................................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved is s u e s .........................
No formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
s trik e .......................................................... ..............................
Strike broken ..............................................................................
Work resumed under court injunction .....................................
Employer out of bu sin ess.........................................................
No inform ation............................................................................

12
1
2
1

.1
1.5

(3
)
.1

O

.1
(2
)
(2
)

1.0

.3
(2
)

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because thec i stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.




(3
)

(1
2
)

.1
(3
)

(2
)
(2)
(2)

(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
.7

(2)
.3
3.7

(2
)
(2
)

.1
(2)
O
(2
)

(2
)
(2
)
.1
1.4

3 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

82

labile 30. W ork stoppages by major issue and type of settlement, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Formal
settlement reached

No formal
settlement reached

All issues
resolved

Major issue

Procedure
for
handling
unresolved
issues

Short
protest or
sympathy
strike

Total

Strike
broken

Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

No
information

S toppages ending in year
All issues.............................................................

3,939

2,924

230

239

138

24

27

357

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits .......................................
Wage adjustm ents................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual m a tte rs ...................................
Union organization and s e c u rity.........................
Job se cu rity...........................................................
Plant adm inistration..............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs .........................
Not reported..........................................................

2,646
74
53
9
214
217
185
390
57
66
28

2,246
60
35
6
109
130
124
167
30
13
4

127
2
4
2
5
28
17
36
5
3
1

6
3
6
11
5
21
144
2
41

51
2
2
1
6
24
11
25
11
5
~

6
1
4
3
6
1
3
“

10
2
1
4
4
2
2
1
1

200
5
5
78
22
7
10
7
1
22

All issues.............................................................

1,398.3

1,120.7

81.8

81.9

21.8

53.1

2.4

36.5

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits.......................................
Wage adjustm ents................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual matters ...................................
Union organization and se cu rity.........................
Job secu rity...........................................................
Plant adm inistration..............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs .........................
Not reported..........................................................

862.5
14.5
33.9
.9
34.0
36.5
197.9
176.8
14.7
23.9
2.9

775.2
11.8
29.9
.7
24.7
29.2
167.9
68.8
6.5
5.1
.7

54.8
.8
.3
.1
1.1
2.9
8.0
10.8
2.4
.5

.9
1.1
2.2
2.3
1.6
8.0
49.3
.5
16.0

3.3
.3
1.0

3.4

1.2

23.7
.4
.5
4.9
1.2
.3
2.0
1.3
(2
)
2.1

All issues.............................................................

33,824.5

29,613.3

1,341.0

General wage changes........................................
Supplementary b e n e fits.......................................
Wage adjustm ents................................................
Hours of work .......................................................
Other contractual matters ...................................
Union organization and s e c u rity.........................
Job se cu rity...........................................................
Plant adm inistration..............................................
Other working conditions.....................................
Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs .........................
Not re ported..........................................................

22,284.0
233.3
1,430.1
14.0
730.4
804.6
3,299.9
4,801.6
111.3
79.6
35.7

19,799.8
202.9
1,406.8
12.6
508.6
472.0
2,810.4
4,272.5
74.6
43.2
9.9

926.3
13.7
6.8
.3
8.3
53.4
276.5
46.1
6.5
1.7
1.2

W orkers involved

-

-

0

(2
)
(2)
.4
.1
.4

.5
1.3
1.6
8.6
3.8
1.5
“

.2
11.6
37.1
(2
)
.7

340.7

279.6

102.7

158.5

1,988.7

23.3
4.7
4.3

114.5
1.9
1.1
1.1
40.1
45.9
23.2
39.4
10.1
2.4
-

8.5

58.2
.4
2.7

1,353.5
9.6
8.4
142.0
210.9
40.1
191.4

0

0

(2)
.1
-

(2)

Days idle

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.




-

4.4
9.8
74.8
190.0
.5
28.8
-

-

1.3
10.4
18.3
60.7
.1
3.4
-

-

25.7
2.2
56.6
1.4
10.7
-

.6

8.8

(2
)
24.0

2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

83

Table 31. Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached
Industry group

Total
All issues
resolved

Procedure
for
handling
unresolved
issues

No formal
settlement reached .

Short
protest or
sympathy
strike

Strike
broken

Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

No infor­
mation

S toppages ending in year
All industries.........................................................

2 3,939

2,924

230

239

138

24

27

357

Manufacturing .........................................................

2 1,847

1,492

87

5

65

3

14

181

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco manufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 3 ............................................................

_

_

_

_

_

125
27
25

2
-

2
-

-

9
2

_
-

_

162
34
37

12
2
4

12
_
4
6

Lumber and wood products, except fu rn itu re.......
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries...............
Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts................................

74
61
69
34
94

51
53
59
28
76

3
3
3
2
8

1
-

3
1
1
2
-

_
-

Petroleum refining and related industries..............
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........
Leather and leather p ro d u cts..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

23
62
8
124
163

21
54
7
95
137

1
3
7
4

_

_

_

_

-

1
4
N 3

1
-

2
2

1
4
1
15
17

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except ele c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.....
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind u s trie s ................

288
279
145
119
28
47

235
230
118
93
25
37

9
9
6
7
3
1

_

5
15
12
6

1
-

3
1
2

35
23
8
11

Nonmanufacturing ..................................................

2 2,097

1,437

143

1
1
-

1
-

1
1
-

15
4
5
2
10

-

-

-

_

-

-

1

-

-

8

234

73

21

13

176

_

_

_

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services ....................................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

23
297
284

13
44
241

4
12
18

228
1

3
4
11

1
7

-

250
424

178
322

13
17

1
1

16
20

6
-

7
3

29
61

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

22
270
528

17
191
432

1
26
52

1
13
5

3
4

1
2
“

2
34
33

See footnotes at end of table.




84

_
1
2

_

-

3
8
6

Table 31. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached
Industry group

Total
All issues
resolved

No formal
settlement reached

Procedure
for
handling
unresolved
issues

Short
protest or
sympathy
strike

Strike
broken

Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

No infor­
mation

W orkers involved

All industries.........................................................

2 1,398.3

1120.7

81.8

81.9

21.8

53.1

2.4

36.5

Manufacturing .........................................................

2 494.9

435.4

18.6

1.7

16.1

.6

1.8

20.7

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, etc. 3 ............................................................

_

_

_

_

_

_

30.8
5.4
2.0

3.5
.9
.1

.4
-

.2
.3

_
.1
-

_

36.7
6.6
3.0

.1
-

1.6
.2
.6

Lumber and wood products, except furniture .......
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries...............
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................

10.9
15.2
20.0
7.8
10.8

8.1
13.5
18.1
7.1
9.4

.4
.2
.3
.4
1.0

Petroleum refining and related industries..............
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

65.3
8.6
3.2
15.4
44.4

65.2
7.7
3.1
12.3
39.9

0.1
.7
.5
.4

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except e le c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup plies.....
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

50.0
74.8
46.5
63.7
5.6
6.3

45.2
67.0
36.1
53.9
5.3
5.2

.8
1.9
.7
6.3
.3
.1

Nonm anufacturing..................................................

2 903.4

685.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
Mining .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services ....................................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

8.6
115.2
319.8

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

-

.4
.1
(7
)
.1
-

_
-

_

-

-

-

-

-

1.9
1.4
1.5
.2
.3

0.1
.7

0.3
-

_
0.2
.6

(7
)
0.1
.2
1.9
2.9

1.2
-

.4
3.9
7.7
1.4
.7

.2
-

.4
.2
.2
-

3.1
1.7
.7
2.0
.3

63.1

80.2

5.7

52.5

.6

15.8

5.5
29.9
593.4

1.9
4.4
9.4

79.2
.1

.4
.1
.6

.3
14.7

-

.7
1.4
1.6

94.8
62.7

54.0
55.5

1.4
1.4

.3
.1

.4
2.8

34.9
-

.3
.1

3.4
2.7

1.1
75.8
225.5

.9
68.8
177.3

O
3.1
41.5

(7
)
.5

(7
)
.8
.5

_
.4
2.2

(7
)
.3
“

.2
2.4
3.5

See footnotes at end of table.




-

85

(7
)
-

-

0

(7
)

(7
)
_
(7
)

Table 31. Continued— Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached
Industry group

Total
All issues
resolved

No formal
settlement reached

Procedure
for
handling
unresolved
issues

Short
protest or
sympathy
strike

Strike
broken

Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

No infor­
mation

Days idle
All industries.........................................................

2 33,824.5

29,613.3

1,341.0

340.7

279.6

102.7

158.5

1,988.7

Manufacturing .........................................................

2 18,639.4

16,461.0

524.3

11.0

138.8

12.0

135.6

1,356.8

Ordnance and accessories......................................
Food and kindred products .....................................
Tobacco m anufactures.............................................
Textile mill products..................................................
Apparel, e tc .3 ............................................................

_
872.5
288.8
80.8

_
616.2
100.4
52.4

_
62.3
171.5
4.8

_
.4
-

_
8.4
2.3

_
8.7
-

_
11.1
-

174.0
8.2
21.3

Lumber and wood products, except fu rn itu re .......
Furniture and fixtures ...............................................
Paper and allied products........................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries...............
Chemicals and allied p ro d u cts................................

453.8
310.2
698.1
133.8
551.3

236.6
231.9
590.1
92.4
506.1

1.7
9.3
8.6
16.5
31.5

7.4
-

43.1
7.4

-

1.1
1.7

Petroleum refining and related industries..............
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........
Leather and leather products..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products..............................
Primary metal industries...........................................

3,780.0
231.0
42.7
358.6
1,779.8

3,777.4
213.3
39.0
219.3
1,603.2

.5
14.8
4.0
6.1

_

Fabricated metal products 4 ....................................
Machinery, except ele c tric a l....................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.....
Transportation equipm ent........................................
Instruments, etc. 5 .....................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................

1,474.3
3,235.3
790.2
3,150.3
191.8
216.2

1,144.7
3,059.3
723.3
2,890.4
182.1
182.6

28.4
95.6
5.2
53.0
9.7
.6

_
.7
2.5
-

Nonm anufacturing.................................................. ' 1 15,185.0
2
3

13,152.4

0
2.6
-

-

-

163.7
61.5
97.8
22.4
13.7

_

_
7.1
18.2

2.1
2.7
3.7
125.3
148.4

-

-

_
.2
1.5
3.8

1.3
2.0
-

58.9
18.0
19.4
-

-

4.8
24.1
11.2
14.0
15.4

-

235.3
37.6
48.1
173.5
17.5

816.7

329.7

140.8

90.7

22.9

631.9

-

-

-

Agriculture, forestry, and fis h e rie s..........................
M in in g .........................................................................
Contract construction ...............................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and
sanitary services ....................................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .......................................

111.4
1,876.2
4,716.8

53.6
1,533.2
4,336.3

16.6
18.3
323.9

307.8
.2

6.2
4.3
5.6

_
1.7
42.2

_
-

35.1
11.0
8.6

1,388.4
1,604.1

1,024.9
1,481.5

17.7
19.5

13.1
.3

40.0
27.7

41.8
-

9.0
1.7

241.9
73.5

Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te .......................
S ervices......................................................................
G overnm ent6 ............................................................

35.0
2,760.8
2,692.5

25.1
2,433.8
2,264.1

1.0
59.9
359.9

6.8
1.5

4.5
49.8
2.8

1.1
3.9

1.5
10.7
-

2.8
198.8
60.2

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.
2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or
division may not equal the sum of its components because individual
stoppages occurring in two or more groups are counted in each.
Workers involved and days idle are allocated among the respective
groups.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar




_

_

materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments;
photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6 The identification of a work stoppage in this study is not a legal
determination that a work stoppage has violated law or public policy.
7 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

86

Table 32. Work stoppages by contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 1980 1
(Workers and days idle in thousands)
Stoppages ending in year
Contract status and procedure
for handling unsettled issues

Stoppages

Days idle

Workers involved

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages 1 .......................................................
2
A rbitration...................................................................
Direct negotiations....................................................
Referral to a government a g ency...........................
M ediation....................................................................
Factfinding .................................................................
Other procedures......................................................
Combinations of the above procedures.................

129
27
45
21
13
5
17
1

100.0
20.9
34.9
16.3
10.1
3.9
13.2
.8

101.2
48.8
41.4
2.5
1.2
2.9
4.0
.4

100.0
48.2
40.9
2.5
1.2
2.8
3.9
.4

1,026.5
404.4
457.1
28.2
23.6
45.8
66.5
.8

100.0
39.4
44.5
2.8
2.3
4.5
6.5
.1

Negotiation of first agreement or union
recognition ..............................................................
A rbitration................................................................
Direct negotiations .................................................
Referral to a government a g e n c y ........................
M ediation.................................................................
Factfinding...............................................................
Other procedures ...................................................
Combinations of the above procedures..............

23
1
5
9
5
3
-

17.8
.8
3.9
7.0
3.9
2.3
-

1.9
.2
.7
.7
.3
.1
-

1.9
.2
.7
.7
.3
.1
-

38.3
11.0
6.5
5.0
14.2
1.6
-

3.7
1.1
.6
.5
1.4
.2
-

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening)...............................................................
A rbitration................................................................
Direct negotiations .................................................
Referral to a government a g e n c y ........................
M ediation.................................................................
Factfinding...............................................................
Other procedures ...................................................
Combinations of the above procedures..............

71
18
28
7
6
4
7
1

55.0
14.0
21.7
5.4
4.7
3.1
5.4
.8

55.7
36.6
11.5
1.3
.4
2.8
2.6
.4

55.1
36.2
11.4
1.3
.4
2.8
2.6
.4

874.1
345.0
405.4
18.6
8.8
45.7
49.8
.8

85.2
33.6
39.5
1.8
.9
4.5
4.8
.1

During term of agreement (negotiation of
new agreement not involved)...............................
Arbitration ................................................................
Direct negotiations .................................................
Referral to a government a g e n c y ........................
M ediation.................................................................
Factfinding...............................................................
Other procedures...................................................
Combinations of the above procedures..............

28
8 *
9
3
1
7
-

21.7
6.2
7.0
2.3
.8
5.4
-

43.3
12.0
29.0
.6
.4
1.3
-

42.8
11.8
28.7
.6
.4
1.3
-

103.4
48.5
36.2
3.1
.4
15.1
-

0

0

No contract or other contract s ta tu s ......................
A rbitration................................................................
Direct negotiations .................................................
Referral to a government a g e n c y ........................
M ediation.................................................................
Factfinding...............................................................
Other procedures ...................................................
Combinations of the above procedures..............

2
_
2
-

No information on contract s ta tu s ..........................
Arbitration ................................................................
Direct negotiations .................................................
Referral to a government a g e n c y ........................
M ediation.................................................................
Factfinding...............................................................
Other procedures ...................................................
Combinations of the above procedures..............

1.6
-

1.6
-

-

3.9
.8
1.6
.8
.8

-

1
2
1
1
-

-

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24
because these stoppages ended during the year, and thus include
idleness occurring in prior years.
2 Excludes stoppages on which there was no information on unsettled
issues or no agreement on a procedure for handling these issues.




_

-

10.1
4.7
3.5
.3
(3
)
1.5
(3
)
(3
)

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.2
.1

-

5

_

-

-

(3
)

0

.3
_
.3
-

'

.2
.1

10.5
8.7
1.6
.1
.1
-

1.0
_
.8
.2
(3
)
(3
)

(4
)
(4
)
0
-

(3)
(3
)
0

-

-

3 Less than 0.05 precent.
4 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.

87

Appendix" Se©p@s Definition©,
and Method©

sy a @ th ® d s

ployment and idleness as a percent of total working
time, the following employment figures have been used:
From 1927 to 1950, all employed workers were in­
cluded in the base, except those in occupations and pro­
fessions in which little, if any, union organization ex­
isted or in which stoppages rarely, if ever, occurred.
In most industries, all wage and salary workers were
included in total employment except those in executive,
managerial, or high supervisory positions, or those per­
forming professional work the nature of which made
union organization or group action unlikely. This meas­
ure of employment also excluded all self-employed per­
sons; domestic workers; workers on farms employing
fewer than six persons; all Federal and State govern­
ment employees; and officials, both elected and appoint­
ed, in local government.
From 1951 to 1966, the Bureau’s estimates of total
employment in nonagricultural establishments, exclu­
sive of government, were used as a base. Days of idle­
ness computed on the basis of nonagricultural employ­
ment (exclusive of government) usually differed by less
than one-tenth of a percentage point from that obtained
by the former method, while the percentage of work­
ers idle (compared with total employment) differed by
about five-tenths of a point. For example, the percent­
age of workers idle during 1950 computed on the base
used for the earlier years was 6.9, and the percentage
for days of idleness was 0.44, compared with 6.3 and
0.40, respectively, computed on the new base.
From 1967 to 1973, two estimates of employment were
used, one based on the wage and salary workers in the
civilian work force, and the other on those in the pri­
vate nonfarm sector.1 The new private nonfarm series
closely approximated the former BLS series which, as
noted, excluded government and agricultural workers
from employment totals, but accounted for idleness by
such workers while on strike. The old method had re­
sulted in an increasingly distorted measure of the se­
verity of strikes; the likely growth of strike activity
among government and farmworkers would have dis­
torted the measure even more in the future. The “total
economy” measure of strike idleness now included gov­
ernment and agricultural workers in its employment
count as well as in the computation of idleness ratios,

The relative measures. In computing the number of
workers involved in strikes as a percent of total em­

'For further information, see ‘“Total Economy’ Measure o f Strike
Idleness,” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , October 1968, pp. 54-56.

Se@
p@

It is the purpose of this statistical series to report all
work stoppages in the United States that involve six
workers or more and continue for the equivalent of a
full day or shift or longer.
DefSnstteos

Strike or lockout. A strike is defined as a temporary
stoppage of work by a group of employees (not neces­
sarily members of a union) to express a grievance or
enforce a demand. A lockout is a temporary withhold­
ing or denial of employment during a labor dispute to
enforce terms of employment upon a group of employ­
ees. Because of the complexity of most labor-manage­
ment disputes, the Bureau makes no attempt to distin­
guish between strikes and lockouts in its statistics; both
types are included in the term “work stoppage” and
are used interchangeably. The terms “dispute,” “labormanagement disputes,” and “walkout” are also used
interchangeably.
Workers and idleness. The figures on the number of
“workers involved” and “days idle” include all work­
ers made idle for one shift or longer in establishments
directly involved in a stoppage. They do not account
for secondary idleness—that is, the effects of a stoppage
on other establishments or industries whose employees
may be made idle as a result of material or service
shortages.
The total number of workers involved in strikes in a
given year may include double counting of individual
workers if they were involved in more than one stop­
page during that year. (Thus, in 1977, the Bureau re­
corded some 650,000 bituminous coal and lignite min­
ing workers as participating in strikes, while 214,000
workers were employed in the industry.)
In some prolonged stoppages, the total days of idle­
ness are estimated if the number of workers idle each
day is not known. Significant changes in the number of
workers idle are secured from the parties for use in
computing days of idleness.




88

in addition, for a few communities historically includ­
ed in the strike series before the current list of areas
was compiled. Information is published only for those
areas in which at least five stoppages were recorded
during the year.
Since 1974, stoppages occurring in more than one
metropolitan area in an SCA have been counted only
once for the SCA. To obtain data comparable with
earlier years, the number of strikes in an SCA can be
calculated by summing the strikes in the component
metropolitan areas.
Some metropolitan areas include counties in more
than one State, and hence, statistics for an area may
occasionally equal or exceed totals for the State in which
the major city is located. Stoppages in the mining and
logging industries are excluded from metropolitan area
data but are reported by industry and State.

but excluded forestry, fishery, and private household
workers from the base. To facilitate comparisons over
time, the figure for the total economy had been carried
back to 1939 (table 1). The “private nonagricultural”
measure excluded agricultural and government work­
ers from employment totals and these groups were also
removed from strike figures in arriving at a percentage
of nonagricultural working time idle.
Beginning in 1974, government workers have been
added to employment and idleness ratios (table 21).
The differences in the various measures are illustrated
in appendix table 1 in which the components of each
measure and and the methods of computations are set
forth.
“Estimated working time” is computed by multiply­
ing the average employment for the year by the num­
ber of days typically worked by most employed work­
ers during that year. In these computations, Saturdays
(when customarily not worked), Sundays, and estab­
lished Federal holidays are excluded.2

Unions involved. For this purpose, the union is the or­
ganization whose contract was involved or which has
taken active leadership in the stoppage. Disputes in­
volving more than one union are classified as jurisdic­
tional or rival union disputes or as involving coopera­
ting unions. If unorganized workers strike, a separate
classification is used. However, the tabulations of
“workers involved” include all who are made idle for
one shift or longer in establishments directly involved
in the dispute, including members of other unions and
nonunion workers. Information is presented by major
affiliation of the union; i.e., AFL-CIO, or, if there is no
affiliation, by the designations “independent,” “single
firm,” “no union,” or “employee association.”

Duration. Although only workdays are used in com­
puting total days of idleness, duration is expressed in
calendar days, including nonworking days.
State data. Stoppages occurring in more than one State
are listed separately in each State affected. The work­
ers and days of idleness are allocated among each of
the affected States.3The procedures outlined in the sec­
tion on relative measures also have been used in pre­
paring estimates of idleness by State, except that
agricultural employees are excluded from the employ­
ment base.

Sources ©f Information

Metropolitan area data. Information is tabulated sepa­
rately for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA’s) and Standard Consolidated Areas (SCA’s) as
defined by the Office of Management and Budget and,

Occurrence of strikes. Information on the actual or
probable existence of work stoppages is collected from
a number of sources. Clippings on labor disputes are
obtained from a comprehensive coverage of daily and
weekly newspapers throughout the country. Informa­
tion also is received regularly from the Federal Medi­
ation and Conciliation Service. Other sources of infor­
mation include State boards of mediation and arbitra­
tion; research divisions of State labor departments;

2For example, the total economy figure for 1980 was computed by
multiplying the average employment for the year by the number of
working days (92,041,000 x 253 = 23,286,373,000) and dividing this
figure into the total number o f days o f idleness.
3The same procedure is followed in allocating data on stoppages
occurring in more than one industry, industry group, or metropolitan
area.
A p p e n d ix t a b le 1. M e th o d s o f c o m p u tin g r e la tiv e m e a s u r e s o f id le n e s s

Com ponent

E m ploym ent.......................................
Estim ated w orking t i m e .................
Days of idleness as a percent of
estim ated total w orking tim e . . .




Total econom y
measure

E stablishm ent series plus wage
and salaried farm workers.
Above em ploym ent tim e s
w orking days.

N onagricultural secto r
measure

Private no nagricultural secto r
measure

E stablishm ent series.

E stablishm ent series less governm ent.

Above em ploym ent tim es
w orking days.

Above em ploym ent tim es
w orking days.

Total idleness less farm ^ i n n
Above w orkin g tim e

Total idleness
~-|00
Above w orking tim e '

89

Total idleness less farm
and governm ent
„ ^
Above w orking tim e

local offices of State employment security agencies; and
trade and union journals. Some employer associations,
companies, and unions also furnish the Bureau with
work stoppage information on a voluntary cooperative
basis, either as stoppages occur or periodically.
Respondents to questionnaire. A questionnaire is mailed
to each of the parties reported as involved in work
stoppages to obtain information on the number of work­
ers involved, duration, major issues, location, method
of settlement, and other pertinent information.
Limitations o f data. Although the Bureau seeks to ob­
tain complete coverage, i.e., a “census” of all strikes
involving six workers or more and lasting a full shift




or more, information is undoubtedly missing on some
strikes involving small numbers of workers. Presum­
ably, these missing strikes do not substantially affect the
number of workers and days of idleness reported.
To improve the completeness of the count of stop­
pages, the Bureau has constantly sought to develop new
sources of information on the probable existence of
stoppages. Over the years, these sources have probably
increased the number of strikes recorded, but have had
little effect on the number of workers or total idleness.
As new agencies or organizations having knowledge of
the existence of work stoppages are established or iden­
tified, every effort is made by the Bureau to establish
cooperative arrangements.

■fr U.S. G O V E R N M E N T PRINTING OFFICE : 1 9 8 2

0 — 361 - 2 7 0

(4905)

Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices

Region B
V
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (404) 881-4418

Regions VSl and V S
SS
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481

Region IS
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121

Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880

Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678

Region B
IS
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154

Region V
S
Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971

Region I
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: (617) 223-6761