View original document

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Z Z. ?;

Analysis of
Work Stoppages, 1978
U.S Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 1980
Bulletin 2066




Analysis of
Work Stoppages, 1978
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
June 1980
Bulletin 2066







Preface

This bulletin, an annual feature of the Bureau of La­
bor Statistics since 1941, provides a detailed statistical
presentation of work stoppages in 1978.
Preliminary estimates of the level of strike (or lock­
out) activity for the United States as a whole are issued
about 30 days after the end of the month of reference
and are available on request. Preliminary estimates for
the entire year are available at year end; selected final
tabulations are issued in the early fall of the following
year. The methods used to prepare work stoppage sta­
tistics are described in the appendix.




The Bureau wishes to acknowledge the cooperation
of employers and employer asssociations, labor unions,
the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and
various State agencies.
The bulletin was prepared by Marcy Jacobs and Jane
Gelman in the Division of Industrial Relations, Office
of Wages and Industrial Relations.
Unless specifically identified as copyright, material
in this publication is in the public domain and may, with
appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission.

iii




Contents

Work stoppages:
Page
Summary.........................................................................................................................................
\
D uration.........................................................................................................................................
j
S iz e ........................................
i
Monthly pattern.............................................................................................................................
\
Major issue....................................................................................................................................
2
Contract status . . ........................................
2
Union affiliation ...........................................................................................................................
3
Industry...........................................................................................................................................
3
Occupation.....................................................................................................................................
g
Location.........................................................................................................................................
g
Settlement.....................................................
7
Impasse procedures................................................................................
7
Text tables:
1. Major work stoppages, 1968-78 ...............................................................................................
2. Percent distribution of work stoppages in each size class by major
issue, 1978 ....................................................................................
3. Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, by industry group
and major issue, 1978.....................

2
2
3

Charts:
1. Number of work stoppagesbeginning in the year by sector, 1950-78
2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-78 . . . .
3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-78 ..................................

5
5
6

Tables:
Work stoppages:
1. In the United States,1927-78 .........................................................................................
2. By month, 1977-78
..................................................................................................
3. By size and duration, 1978................................
4. Involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927-78 ..............................................................
5. Beginning in 1978, involving 10,000 workers or m o re ..............................................
6. By industry group and size, 1978 .................................................................................
7. By affiliation of unions involved, 1978 ........................................
8. By contract status and size, 1978 .................................................................................
9. By industry group and contract status, 1978 ................................................................
10. By contract status and major issue, 1978 .....................................................................
11. By major issue, 1978 ....................................................................................................
12. By industry group and major issue, 1978.....................................................................
13. By major issue and size, 1978 .......................................................................................
14. By industry, 1978 ..........................................................................................................
15. By industry group and occupation, 1978 .....................................................................
16. By major issue and level of government, 1978 ............................................................
17. In government by major issue and union participation, 1978 .....................................
18. By occupation and level of government, 1978 ............................................................
19. In government by level, function, and occupation, 1978............................................

9
10
11
12
13
15
17
17
18
20
21
22
26
27
33
36
37
38
40




v

Contents— Continued

Page
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

In government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1978 .......................................
By region and State, 1978 ...........................................................................................
By region, State, and occupation, 1978 .....................................................................
In States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 .............................
By State and metropolitan area, 1978 .........................................................................
By industry group and duration, 1978 .......................................................................
By major issue and duration, 1978 .............................................................................
By contract status and duration, 1978 .......................................................................
By contract status and mediation, 1978 .....................................................................
By contract status and type of settlement, 1978 .........................................................
By major issue and type of settlement, 1978 ..............................................................
By industry group and type of settlement, 1978 .........................................................
By contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 1978 .....................

44
50
51
54
60
62
64
65
66
67
68
69
71

Corrected tables for 1977:
Work stoppages:
28. By contract status and mediation................................................................................
29. By contract status and type of settlement..................................................................

72
73

Appendix:
Scope, definitions, and methods ................................................................................................

74




Work Stoppages, 1978

The major cause of 1-day strikes was plant adminis­
tration disputes, an issue prevalent in mining, followed
by disagreements over wages. Strikes lasting more than
1 day arose primarily from disputes over wage changes,
followed by grievances over either plant administration
or union organization and security (table 26).

Summary

A relatively light bargaining schedule in 1978, fewer
midcontract disputes, and persistent unemployment in
construction resulted in a reduction over previous years
in most strike measures. The number of strikes begin­
ning in the year and workers involved were at their
lowest levels since 1965, while the proportion of em­
ployed workers on strike was the lowest since 1963.
However, total idleness was high because of the con­
tinuation of the 1977 coal strike into 1978. Both the
mean and median duration of strikes ending in 1978
were the longest on record, reflecting the impact of the
coal strike and the decline in the incidence of disputes
lasting only 1 to 3 days.
Workers struck most frequently over economic mat­
ters raised during contract renegotiations. They were
far less likely to walk out during the term of agreement
than in previous years.

Size

The largest concentration of strikes (38 percent) in­
volved between 20 and 99 workers, with an additional
24 percent involving 100 to 249 workers (table 3). Stop­
pages of 6 to 19 workers and 250 to 499 workers ac­
counted for 14 percent and 13 percent, respectively, of
all strikes. The larger strikes, those involving 500 to
999 workers and 1,000 over, accounted for 6 percent
and 5 percent, respectively.
Eleven major work stoppages (major stoppages are
those involving 10,000 workers or more) began in 1978,
compared to 18 in 1977. This was the smallest number
of major stoppages since 1963 (table 4). However, the
proportion of workers involved in these stoppages was
6 percent higher than in 1977, and idleness increased
because of the 9.6 million days lost in 1978 in the bitu­
minous coal strike. Unlike 1977, when all major stop­
pages lasted at least 7 days, in 1978 only seven stop­
pages lasted that long.
The year-to-year fluctuation in both the number and
intensity of these stoppages depends to a great extent
on the bargaining calendar, since most of these disputes
occur during the renegotiation of agreements (text ta­
ble 1 and table 8).

Duration

On the average, strikes lasted longer in 1978 than in
any previous year. After having risen to a record level
of 14 days in 1977 (from 11 days in both 1975 and 1976),
the median duration of the stoppages that ended in 1978
rose even higher to 17 days. Similarly, the mean dura­
tion of these stoppages increased to 33 days (from 29
in 1977), also a record level (table 1). The rise occurred
partly because of the decrease in the proportion of
strikes lasting 1 day and 2 to 3 days (9 percent each in
1978 from 13 percent and 11 percent each in 1977) (ta­
ble 3).
The largest proportion of strikes—about one-fifth—
lasted 15 to 29 days. However, more than one-half of
these were small, involving fewer than 100 workers.
On the other hand, nearly one-quarter of all workers
involved in strikes were out for 60 to 89 days.
As in previous years, walkouts in manufacturing in­
dustries tended to be longer than in nonmanufacturing,
accounting for 60 percent of the stoppages in effect 15
days or more (table 25). One-fifth of the disputes in
manufacturing lasted 2 months or longer.
The 383 1-day strikes were concentrated in nonman­
ufacturing industries, primarily in mining and govern­
ment. In mining, the majority of all strikes lasted only
1 day. Over one-half of all 1-day walkouts occurred
during the term of agreement, while most lengthy strikes
(77 percent of those lasting longer than 2 weeks) oc­
curred during contract renegotiation.



Monthly pattern

Usually, more strikes begin in May than in any oth­
er month. This was true in 1978 and 1977 (table 2).
However, in 1978, other measures of strike activity var­
ied from the usual concentration in May, June, and July.
For example, the January-to-March quarter had an un­
usually high amount of idleness compared with 1977
and previous years, primarily because of the coal strike.
That strike accounted for two-thirds of the idleness in
the first quarter. Furthermore, the Norfolk and West­
ern Railway dispute in September involved 580,000
workers and boosted idleness in that month to over 4
million days. As is usually the case—but not in 1977
due to the start of the coal strike—the lowest idleness
for the year occurred in December (0.08 percent of es­
timated working time).
1

Text table 1. Major work stoppages, 1968-78

creased significantly over 1977, interrupting a 3-year
decline from the 1974 peak.
The distribution of strikes by major issue did not vary
much with size, with some significant exceptions (text
table 2). Disputes over union organization and security
were more than twice as frequent in the smallest strikes
as in all strikes. Plant administration grievances were
well above the average in strikes involving 500 to 999
workers. And disputes over job security were nearly
three times as frequent in stikes of 1,000 to 4,999 work­
ers as in all strikes.
Among the 11 major stoppages (those involving
10,000 workers or more) beginning in 1978, 7 involved
economic matters (text table 3 and table 13). Only one
involved plant administration issues (the New York
shipping dispute concerning hiring practices). Of the
other disputes, two involved job security and one in­
volved the interpretation of contract provisions (clas­
sified as “other working conditions”).

During renegotiation
of agreement
Year

1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978

................
................
................
................
................
................
...............
................
................
................
................

All major
work stoppages

32
25
34
29
18
25
27
20
23
18
11

Number

Percent of all
major work
stoppages

24
17
25
23
12
21
24
15
18
13
8

75.0
68.0
73.5
79.3
66.7
84.0
88.9
75.0
78.3
72.2
72.7

NOTE: Major work stoppages are those involving 10,000 workers or more.

Major issue

Economic issues, such as wage increases and adjust­
ments, supplementary benefits, and hours of work, have
always been the primary cause of strikes, and 1978 was
no exception. One set of issues within this broad cate­
gory—general wage increases plus supplementary ben*
efits—was the predominant cause of all strikes in gen­
eral (34 percent) and strikes over economic matters in
particular (49 percent) (table 11).
Plant administration issues, next in importance, un­
derwent a significant decline, down 50 percent from
1977. This decline was largely the result of a drastic
reduction in disputes over this issue in the mining in­
dustry (693 in 1977 and 173 in 1978) (table 12). Conse­
quently, plant administration disputes accounted for a
lower proportion of strikes (12 percent) and workers
involved (11 percent) in 1978 than in any of the past
18 years.
Economic disputes fell by 12 percent in 1978 (table
11). However, with the sharp decline in administration
disputes, the proportion of strikes involving economic
issues increased from 61 percent in 1977 to 70 percent
in 1978, the highest on record. The bulk of these dis­
putes involved general wage issues, and within this cat­
egory, disputes involving cost-of-living provisions in­

Contract status

The proportion of strikes occurring during contract
renegotiations increased even though the number of
such strikes declined (table 10). Gaining in importance
since the early 1960’s, these strikes climbed steadily as
a proportion of the total from a low of 43 percent in
1963 to a record high of 67 percent in 1978. They ac­
counted for a substantial proportion of workers involved
and days idle during all the years. In 1978, renegotia­
tion disputes involved 77 percent of the workers who
struck and generated 89 percent of the idleness.
The sharp drop in strikes during the term of agree­
ment in 1978 resulted largely from the decline in strike
activity among miners: Mining disputes in this catego­
ry dropped by 75 percent, from 953 in 1977 to 236 in
1978 (table 9). The number of all midcontract disputes
fell below 1,000 for the first time since 1961, when this
information was first tabulated.
As in the past, renegotiation disputes centered pri­
marily on economic issues. About 88 percent of the re­
negotiation disputes involved economic matters in 1978
compared with 70 percent of all strikes (table 10). Stop-

Text table 2. Percent distribution of work stoppages in each size class by major issue, 1978
All
sizes

6 -1 9
workers

2 0 -9 9
workers

100-24 9
workers

2 5 0 -4 9 9
workers

5 0 0 -9 9 9
workers

1 ,0 0 0 4,999
workers

5 ,0 0 0 9,999
workers

All issues................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Economic1 ........................................................................
Other contractual matters ...............................................
Union organization and security.....................................
Job security ......................................................................
Plant administration .........................................................
Other working conditions.................................................
Interunion or intraunion m atters.....................................

69.9
4.7
6.4
3.0
12.0
1.3
2.4

60.6
8.6
13.9
2.1
9.9
.9
3.3

72.7
4.9
7.2
2.6
8.8
1.2
2.2

73.0
3.9
4.4
2.5
12.9
1.1
1.9

69.5
3.0
3.3
2.6
17.2
2.5
1.8

64.9
3.1
2.3
5.7
19.8
1.5
2.7

66.7
2.6
3.6
8.3
13.5
1.0
4.2

68.8
12.5
.0
.0
12.5
.0
6.3

63.6
.0
.0
18.2
9.1
9.1
.0

Major issue

1 Includes general wage changes, supplementary benefits, wage adjustments, and hours of work.




2

10,000
workers
or more

pages during the term of agreement generally involved
plant administration issues. A majority of renegotiation
disputes continued for 2 weeks or more, while those
during the term tended to end within 1 week (table 27).
Stoppages concerning the negotiation of a first agree­
ment or a union’s attempt to gain recognition accounted
for 10 percent of all strikes in 1978. As in prior years,
the largest group of strikes in this category occurred
in wholesale and retail trade.
Strikes at establishments having no agreement ac­
counted for 3.5 percent of all strikes in 1978, higher
than in any previous year recorded. The number of
these strikes was also the highest on record, the num­
ber of workers involved the highest since 1974, and the
number of days idle the highest since 1968. Only where
no contract was in effect did strike activity increase
between 1977 and 1978, primarily because of an increase
in these stoppages at government agencies.

percent, respectively, in 1977. Strikes by unaffiliated
unions decreased from 39 to 30 percent and workers
from 49 to 40 percent. Idleness was unusually high
among nonaffiliates in 1978, however, largely due to
the 9.6 million days lost by mine workers (UMW-Ind.)
in the 1978 portion of the bituminous coal strike.
The 236 strikes by professional associations in 1978
represented the second highest number of strikes and
the highest proportion of the total (5.6 percent) ever
recorded for this group. Worker involvement and idle­
ness, although also above 1977 figures, were lower than
in 1976.
For the second year in a row, work stoppage meas­
ures increased for single-firm unions, reaching 43 strikes,
10,400 workers idled, and 160,000 days off the job. In
83 strikes (2 percent of all stoppages), there was no un­
ion involved.
Industry

Union affiliation

Through the 1950’s and 1960’s fewer strikes occurred
in nonmanufacturing than in manufacturing, but since
1969, strikes in nonmanufacturing have increased at a
faster rate, particularly in mining. However, in 1978,
with a drastic reduction in mining disputes and declines
in other nonmanufacturing industries as well, the inci-

Strike activity of AFL-CIO affiliates increased pro­
portionately in 1977 and again in 1978, following an
11-year decline (table 7). In 1978, affiliated unions ac­
counted for 62 percent of the walkouts and 74 percent
of the workers idled, compared to 55 percent and 47
Text table 3.

Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, by industry group and major issue, 1978

(Workers and days idle In thousands)
Industry group

Stoppages

Workers
involved

Days
idle

Stoppages

All issues
All industries2 .........................

Workers
involved

Days
idle

Economic1

Workers
involved

Days
idle

Job security
2

331.7

3,043.0

692.4

1

10.5

615.3

10.5

615.3

1

10.5

615.3

1

15.0

77.1

9
1
1
2
1
2
2

501.0
34.7
10.0
332.2
55.0
31.5
37.5

12,844.9
9,739.2
70.0
2,438.7
220.0
211.8
165.3

1

321.2

2.427.7

1

321.2

2.427.7

11

526.5

12,537.3

Manufacturing2 .................................
Printing, publishing, and
allied industries.....................
Electrical machinery, equipment
and supplies...........................

2

25.5

1

Nonmanufacturing2 .......................
Mining .......................................
Contract construction ..............
T ransportation-communication
Retail trade ..................................
Services.......................................
G o vernm ent...............................

7

168.7

813.4

7
1
1

168.7
34.7
10.0

813.4
146.3
70.0

1
2
2

55.0
31.5
37.5

220.0
211.8
165.3

Plant administration
1

All industries2 ..........................

11.0

Manufacturing2 ...................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries . .
Electrical machinery, equipment, and su pp lies.................

—

—

—
—

—
—

Nonmanufacturing2 ...........................
Mining ...........................................
Contract construction ................
Transportation-communication .
Retail tra d e ...................................
Services.........................................
G o vernm ent.................................

1
—
—
1
—
—
—

11.0
—
—
11.0
—
—
—

1 Economic issues are defined as general wage changes, supplementary benefits, wage adjustments, and hours of work.
2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group may
not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 groups or more are counted in each. Workers and days idle




Stoppages

Other working conditions

9,603.9

1

15.0

77.1

—
—
—

1
—
1

15.0
—
15.0

77.1
—
77.1

9,603.9
9,592.9
—
11.0
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—
~

.

are allocated among the respective groups. About 9,592,900 days idle
in mining resulted from the December 1977 to March 1978 bituminous
coal strike.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes (— ) denote zeros.

3

dence of strikes in the nonmanufaeturing sector was
slightly lower than in manufacturing. The proportion
of working time lost to strikes in nonmanufacturing has
always been below that in the manufacturing sector—
in 1978, manufacturing registered a loss of 0.31 percent
compared with 0.13 percent for nonmanufacturing. Both
sectors recorded fewer strikes and workers involved
than in 1977 (charts 1-3 and table 14).
The incidence of strikes in most industries, manufac­
turing and nonmanufacturing, was lower in 1978 than
in 1977. Strike measures (strikes, workers, days idle,
and percent of working time lost) for several industries
were lower than they had been for many years. Nota­
ble among the exceptions were the paper and allied
products industries and government. Major stoppages
occurred in the printing and publishing industries and
the electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies in­
dustries in the manufacturing sector and in all but two
industry groups in the nonmanufacturing sector—the
agricultural industries and finance, insurance, and real
estate (text table 3 and table 6).

less inclined to strike than in previous years. There had
not been fewer coal strikes (250 in 1978) since 1967 or
fewer mine workers involved (108,300) since 1966, when
strike activity in this industry first started to climb. The
December-March dispute pushed the proportion of es­
timated working time lost in mining to 4.89 percent,
the highest for any industry in 1978 and the highest re­
corded in mining for the past 28 years.
Significant declines in all major strike measures were
registered in the construction industries. With high un­
employment (10.6 percent in construction in 1978 com­
pared with 6.0 percent for all wage and salary workers
in the private sector) and increasing competition from
nonunion firms, the number of strikes involving con­
struction workers declined steadily from 1970 (1,137,
strikes) to 1978 (385 strikes), the lowest since 1948. Idle­
ness as a proportion of working time lost, while still
above the all-industry average, fell to its lowest level
since 1951.
Construction workers have become more reluctant
to strike during a contract term than previously. A ma­
jority of construction strikes during the 1960’s occurred
while a contract was in effect, but, by 1978, these strikes
as a proportion of all construction strikes dropped to
23 percent.
Although strikes in the transportation, communica­
tion, electric, gas, and sanitary service industries de­
clined in 1978, workers and days idle increased signif­
icantly. This was in contrast to 1977 when worker in­
volvement was the lowest recorded during the 1950-78
period and idleness was the lowest since 1965. The turn­
around was the result of the 82-day strike against the
Norfolk and Western Railway (July-September) which,
before it ended, involved over 321,000 workers from
several railroads (table 5). Another major transporta­
tion stoppage idled 11,000 longshore workers in New
York for 1 day.

Manufacturing. The number of workers on strike and
consequent idleness reached record levels in the paper
industries in 1978, largely as a result of more, larger,
and longer strikes occurring at paper mills. Idleness was
also boosted by strikes of long duration at firms mak­
ing converted paper and paperboard products.1Disputes
in the paper industry generally occurred during con­
tract renegotiations (82 percent) (table 9) and involved
economic issues (84 percent) (table 12).
In other manufacturing industries, significant declines
in all major strike measures were registered in the food,
apparel, primary metals, nonelectrical machinery, trans­
portation equipment, and the stone, clay, and glass in­
dustries. The number of strikes and workers involved
in the apparel and related industries were the lowest
during the 1950-78 period. In the food and kindred
products industries, fewer workers struck in only one
other year (1975) since 1950. Idleness and the propor­
tion of working time lost in the food industries were
the lowest since 1966. The proportion of working time
lost in the stone, clay, and glass industries was the low­
est since 1972 and the lowest for the nonelectrical ma­
chinery industries since 1964. In the transportation
equipment industries, idleness and the proportion of
working time lost were the lowest since 1973.

Government. In government, the number of strikes
(481) reached a historical high. Idleness declined, how­
ever, resulting in a slightly smaller proportion of work­
ing time lost (0.04 percent) than in 1977. The greatest
increase in government strikes between 1977 and 1978
occurred among blue-collar and manual workers, but
these strikes tended to be smaller in 1978; related idle­
ness declined (table 18). As far as contract status was
concerned, most of the increase in government strikes
resulted from an increase in disputes involving contract
renegotiations or occurring where no contracts were
in effect. In 1978, renegotiation disputes accounted for
69 percent of the strikes in government; no-contract
disputes were responsible for another 10 percent (table
9). As in other industries, most of the strikes (73 per­
cent) involved economic issues, primarily general wage
changes.
As usual, city government accounted for the largest
portion of strikes (54 percent), workers (64 percent),

Nonmanufacturing. Among all industries, the most
dramatic decline in strikes was registered in mining,
where the number of strikes fell from 999 in 1977 to
275 in 1978 (table 14). After the lengthy contract dis­
pute in the bituminous coal industry, extending from
December 1977 to March 1978, coal miners were far
'Includes all paper mills except building paper mills and all con­
verted paper and paperboard products except containers and boxes.




4

Chart 2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-78

W orkers
(in millions)

3

Manufacturing

1950




1955

1960

1965

5

1970

1975

1978

Chart 3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-78

Percent
1.6

am
Manufacturing

and the finance, insurance, and real estate industries,
while service employees struck more frequently in the
transportation, communication, electric, gas, sanitary,
and other service industries.
Among professional and technical employees, idle­
ness increased in 1978. Idleness was significantly high­
er in 1978 than in 1977 in the transportation, commun­
ication, electric, gas, and sanitary service industries,
where two stoppages by professional and technical em­
ployees ressulted in more than 600,000 days lost. How­
ever, the highest idleness level from professional and
technical employee strikes was registered in govern­
ment (722,000 days), while the third highest level was
in the service industries (229,000 days). Together, these
strikes accounted for almost all of the idleness among
professional and technical workers.
Stoppages among other occupational groups result­
ed in fewer days of idleness in 1978 except among pro­
tective employees and when more than one group was
involved. The transportation-communication industries
accounted for a significant portion of idleness from these
combination disputes because of the Norfolk and West­
ern Railway strike.

and days idle (61 percent) (table 16). It was also the
only government level for which these three measures
all increased in 1978 compared with 1977. General wage
issues prompted most of these strikes as well as a ma­
jority of strikes occurring at all other government lev­
els except Federal.
Only one strike occurred among Federal employees.
This strike, which idled nearly 4,800 mailhandlers in
New Jersey and California, was the largest Federal
Government dispute since the postal strike of 1970.
O ccupation

Production and maintenance workers, the most high­
ly unionized occupational group, continued to make up
the largest group of workers to participate in strikes in
1978, accounting for 6 out of every 10 workers on strike
(table 15). Although only one-half as many production
and maintenance workers struck in 1978 as in previous
years, more were in manufacturing industries than in
nonmanufacturing industries, a reversal of past patterns.
While there were strikes of production and mainte­
nance workers in all industries, other occupational
groups affected the level of strike activity in only a few
industries. For instance, 90 percent of the protective
employees and 64 percent of the professional and tech­
nical employees on strike were government workers.
Of the professional and technical government employ­
ees, 81 percent were teachers. Most sales workers who
struck were employed in the wholesale and retail trades



Location

As usual, strike activity was greatest in the more pop­
ulated and more highly unionized States (table 21).
Pennsylvania continued to experience the most strikes
(480), followed by Ohio (441). These States also had
6

the most workers involved and the most days idle.
In Pennsylvania, idlenesss was boosted by two major
government stoppages in Philadelphia, involving a to­
tal of 37,500 city government workers. Nevertheless,
mining disputes contributed more days of idleness in
this State (1.8 million days) than all the government
strikes combined (349,000 days), even though there were
more strikes in government than in any other industry.
Pennsylvania and Ohio both were affected by the Nor­
folk and Western Railway strike (July-September) and
the strike by mine construction workers against the Bi­
tuminous Coal Contractors Association (March-April).
Industries with significant strike activity in the two
States included government; mining; transportation,
communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services; non­
electrical machinery; wholesale and retail trade; and the
primary and fabricated metals industries (table 23).
New York had the third highest incidence of stop­
pages among the States in 1978. In idleness, it moved
from thirteenth position in 1977 to seventh in 1978.
More than half of the days lost to strikes resulted from
three major stoppages in the New York metropolitan
area (Metropolitan nursing homes, New York newspa­
pers, and the New York Shipping Association) and sev­
eral smaller disputes in the construction industry. The
proportion of nonagricultural working time lost, how­
ever, at 0.12 percent, was still lower than the national
average of 0.17 percent.
For the second year in a row, West Virginia had the
highest proportion of working time lost among the
States. Sixty-two mining disputes accounted for 91 per­
cent of the State’s idleness, almost all of which result­
ed from the December-March coal dispute. In 1977,
381 mining disputes accounted for 87 percent of West
Virginia’s idleness.
Regionally, strike activity was greatest in the highly
industrialized East North Central States, including Illi­
nois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wiscon­
sin. Wisconsin was the only State in this region to have
a lower proportion of working time lost (0.12 percent)
than the national average (table 21).
Among metropolitan areas, New York City lost the
most days (1.3 million), a result of the three major stop­
pages in this area. Los Angeles-Long Beach was the
only other metropolitan area with over 1 million days
of idleness (table 24).

Settlements were reached in a larger proportion of
stoppages occurring during the renegotiation of a con­
tract (93 percent) or during attempts to establish a col­
lective bargaining relationship (85 percent) than during
the term of the agreement (59 percent). This is a pat­
tern noted in many previous years. However, the pro­
portion of settlements reached during the term of the
agreement was the highest since 1973.
The proportion of unsettled short protest or sympa­
thy strikes was exceptionally low, less than 5 percent,
compared to 15 percent in 1977 and 19 percent in 1976.
As in past years, an overwhelming proportion of these
strikes (93 percent) occurred in mining (table 31).
Although few strikes were terminated by a court in­
junction (1 percent), they accounted for nearly one-fifth
of the workers, 95 percent of whom were involved in
the Norfolk and Western Railway dispute. Over onethird of the strikes in this group (14) occurred in con­
tract construction.
More strikes resulted in workers returning to work
without having their demands met or being replaced
by other workers (broken strike) in 1978 than in 1977,
170 compared to 143 (table 31). These strikes were con­
centrated in nonmanufacturing industries, especially
contract construction (25 strikes), wholesale and retail
trade (20 strikes), and government (17 strikes). Nearly
as many strikes were broken during renegotiation of
agreement (50 strikes) as during the term of agreement
(51 strikes), while fewer (40 strikes) were broken dur­
ing negotiation of first agreement (table 29).
There was an increase in the number of strikes dur­
ing which the employer went out of business—38 in
1978 compared to 29 in 1977.
Impasse procedures

A variety of procedures are used to deal with col­
lective bargaining impasses. When direct negotiations
fail, outside parties are often called in to help resolve
unsettled issues. Occasionally, the disputing parties will
agree to resume normal operations with the understand­
ing that troublesome issues will be resolved at a later
time. Then, outside parties may be involved.
Mediation, the most common procedure in 1978, was
used in 58 percent of the strike situations, up from 49
percent in 1977 (table 28). Most of the mediation was
done by government agencies, primarily at the Feder­
al level. In a small number of cases, the combined re­
sources of the Federal and State governments were
brought into play.
Strikes that occurred while renegotiating a contract
were more likely to involve mediators (71 percent) than
those that occurred during initial contract bargaining
(54 percent) or during the term of an agreement (16
percent). The largest concentration of strikes during in­
itial contract bargaining occurred in wholesale and re­
tail trade, and involved relatively few workers (tables

Settlement

In 1978, the proportion of strikes ending with a for­
mal settlement was higher than usual, about 84 percent,
compared with 76 percent in 1977 and 73 percent in
1976 (table 29). These strikes accounted for 74 percent
of the workers and 88 percent of the year’s total idle­
ness. More than nine-tenths of the strikes over econom­
ic issues, and two-thirds over noneconomic issues, ended
in a formal settlement (table 30).



7

8 and 9). Strikes during the term of agreement were
generally short, lasting 1 to 3 days, and frequently ended
without a formal settlement (tables 27 and 29). The pro­
portion of midcontract disputes in 1978 calling for me­
diation was the highest on record (table 28).
Workers ended 367 strikes with the understanding
that unsettled issues would be resolved later in ways
agreed upon by both parties (table 30). Information was
available for 235 of these strikes (table 32). Direct ne­
gotiations were chosen most frequently (27 percent of
the time), followed by arbitration (23 percent of the
time), and then referral to a government agency (21




percent of the time). While direct negotations also were
requested most often during the 1972-77 period, in 1970
and 1971 referral to a government agency was the most
commonly agreed upon method.
The prevalence of each procedure varied by contract
status. For instance, to resolve renegotiation disputes
in 1978, direct negotiations were most often specified,
while direct negotiations and government assistance
were favored equally for initial-contract disputes. Mid­
contract disputes generally called for the assistance of
a government agency (in contrast with 1977 when var­
ious other methods prevailed).

8




Table 1. Work stoppages in the United States, 1927-781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Horkers involved

Mork stoppages

Days idle during year

Year
Duration
Number

Number
Mean 2/

Median

1927.............. .
1928.................
1929.................
1930.................
1931.................

707
604
921
637
810

26.5
27.6
22.6
22.3
18.8

3
(4)
<<0

1932.................
1933.................
1934.................
1935.................
1936.................

841
1,695
1,856
2,014
2,172

19-6
16.9
19.5
23.8
23.3

1937.................
1938.................
1939.................
1940.................
1941.................

4,740
2,772
2,613
2,508
4,288

20.3
23.6
23.4
20.9
18.3

1942.................
1943.................
1944.................
1945.................
1946.................

2,968
3,752
4,956
4,750
4,985

11.7
5.0
5.6
9.9
24.2

(4)
<<»>
(4)

1947.................
194 8.................
1949.................

3,693
3,419
3,606

25.6
21.8
22-5

1950.... .............
1951.................

4,843
4,737

1952.................
1953.................
1954.................
1955.................
1956.................

Percent
of
Number
tota?
employed 3/

Percent of
est. total Per
working
worker
time 3/ involved

330
314
289
183
342

1.4
1.3
1.2
.8
1.6

26,200
12,600
5,350
3,320
6,890

<*)
(«)
(<»)

79.5
40.2
18.5
18. 1
20.2

(4)

324
1, 170
1,470
1,120
789

1.8
6.3
7.2
5.2
3.1

10,500
16,900
19,600
15,500
13,900

(<»)
(<0
<«)
(*)
<<*)

32.4
14.4
13.4
13.8
17.6

1,860
688
1, 170
577
2,360

7.2
2.8
3.5
1.7
6.1

28,400
9,150
17,800
6,700
23,000

{*)

(4)
(<*)
<<*)
(<*)

.21
.08
.23

15.3
13.3
15.2
11.6
9.8

840
1,980
2,120
3,470
4,600

2.0
4.6
4.8
8.2
10.5

4,180
13,500
8,720
38,000
116,000

.04
. 10
.07
.31
1.04

5.0
6.8
4.1
11.0
25.2

<<»)

2,170
1,960
3,030

4.7
4.2
6.7

34,600
34,100
50,500

.30
.28
.44

15.9
17.4
16.7

19.2
17.4

8
7

2,410
2,220

5.1
4.5

38,800
22,900

.33
. 18

16. 1
10.3

5,117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,825

19.6
20.3
22.5
18.5
18.9

7
9
9
8
7

3,540
2,400
1,530
2,650
1,900

7.3
4.7
3.1
5.2
3.6

59,100
28,300
22,600
28,200
33,100

.48
.22
.18
.22
-24

16.7
11.8
14.7
10.7
17.4

1957.................
1958.................
1959.................
1960.................
1961.................

3,673
3,694
3,708
3,333
3,367

19.2
19.7
24.6
23.4
23.7

8
8
10
10
9

1,390
2,060
1,880
1,320
1,450

2-6
3.9
3.3
2.4
2.6

16,500
23,900
69,000
19,100
16,300

.12
.18
.50
.14
.11

11.4
11.6
36.7
14.5
11.2

1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
1965.................
1966.................

3,614
3,362
3,655
3,963
4,405

24.6
23.0
22.9
25.0
22.2

9
8
8
9
9

1,230
941
1,640
1,550
1,960

2.2
1.1
2.7
2.5
3.0

18,600
16,100
22,900
23,300
25,400

.13
.11
.15
.15
.15

15.0
17. 1
14.0
15. 1
12. 9

1967.................
1968....... ..........
1969.................
1970.................
1971.................

4,595
5,045
5,700
5,716
5,138

22.8
24.5
22.5
25.0
27.0

9
10
10
11
11

2,870
2,649
2,481
3,305
3,280

4.3
3.8
3-5
4.7
4.5

42, 100
49,018
42,869
66,414
47,589

.25
.28
.24
.37
.26

14.7
18.5
17.3
20. 1
14.5

1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
1975.................
1976.................

5,010
5,353
6,074
5,031
5,648

24.0
24.0
27.1
26.8
28.0

8
9
14
11
11

1,714
2,251
2,778
1,746
2,420

2-3
2.9
3.5
2.2
3.0

27,066
27,948
47,991
31,237
37,859

.15
.14
.24
. 16
.19

15.8
12.4
17.3
17.9
15.6

1977.... .............
1978.................

5,506
4,230

29.3
33.2

14
17

2,040
1,623

2-4
1.9

35,822
36,922

. 17
. 17

17. 6
22.8

(*)

w

<<»)
<<»)

(4)

<*)

1 The number of stoppages and workers relates to stoppages beginning
in the year; average duration, to those ending in the year. Days of idleness
include all stoppages In effect. Workers are counted more than once if they
were involved in more than 1 stoppage during the year. Available informa­
tion for earlier periods appears in Handbook o f Labor Statistics, 1978, BLS
Bulletin 2000 (1979), table 151. For a discussion of the procedures involved
in the collection and compilation of work stoppage statistics, see BLS
Handbook o f Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910 (1976), chapter 27.
2 Figures are simple averages^ e?ch stoppage is given equal weight
regardless of its size.

9

(4)
l« )

3 Agricultural and government employees are included in the total
empjoyed and total working time; private household, forestry, and fishery
employees are excluded. An explanation of the measurement o.
idleness as a percentage of the total employed labor force and the
total time worked is found in ‘“Total Economy’ Measure of Strike
Idleness,” M onthly Labor Review, October 1968.
4 Not available.

Table 2. Work stoppages by month, 1977-78
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Number of stoppages
Month

Beginning

in period

In

Horkers involved

effect

Beginning

in period

during period

during period

Number

Days

idle

during period

In effect

Number

Percent

Percent of
est. total
working
time 1/

Percent

Number

Percent

19772 .............
January.........
February........
March...........
April...........
hay............
June............
July............
August..........
September.......
October.........
November........
December........

5,506
384
375
522
602
689
599
4 93
481
4 85
408
335
133

100.0
7.0
6.8
9.5
10.9
12.5
10.9
9.0
8.7
8.8
7.4
6.1
2.4

9,971
649
645
816
931
1,070
1,035
946
930
923
822
719
485

100.0
6.5
6.5
8.2
9.3
10.7
10.4
9.5
9.3
9.3
8.2
7.2
4.9

2,040
104.9
144.6
205.0
183.9
255.7
158.3
199.0
199.9
152.1
156.9
80. 1
199.9

100.0
5.1
7.1
10.0
9.0
12.5
7.8
9.8
9.8
7.5
7.7
3.9
9.8

3,327
158.3
197.6
285.1
273.6
366.4
295.8
306.8
334.6
278.3
289.7
232.7
307.9

100.0
4.8
5.9
8.6
8.2
11.0
8.9
9.2
10-1
8.4
8-7
7.0
9.3

35,822
1.297.0
1,474.7
2,409.7
2.518.5
3,322.8
2.972.5
3,212.1
3,995.0
3,085.3
3,346.9
3,157.9
5,029.4

100.0
3.6
4. 1
6.7
7.0
9.3
8.3
9.0
11.2
8.6
9.3
8.8
14.0

0.17
.08
.10
.13
-15
.19
.16
.19
.21
.17
.21
.18
.28

19782.............
January.........
February........
March...........
April..... .
May.............
June............
July............
August..........
September.......
October.........
November........
December ........

4,230
215
245
286
395
489
470
460
421
453
370
268
158

100.0
5.1
5.8
6.6
9.3
11.6
11.1
10.9
10.0
10.7
8.7
6.3
3.7

8,120
456
485
550
655
820
835
841
844
853
751
594
436

100.0
5.6
6.0
6.8
8.1
10. 1
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.5
9.2
7.3
5.4

1,623
64.5
44.8
88.3
119.9
131.5
116.0
182-9
191.2
449.4
116.5
64.2
53.3

100.0
4.0
2.8
5.4
7.4
8.1
7.1
11.3
11.6
27.7
7.2
4.0
3.3

3,182
297.6
286.7
312.0
200.4
223.6
204.0
270.1
315.7
579.2
220.5
156.3
115.7

100.0
9.4
9.0
9.8
6.3
7.0
6.4
8.5
9.9
18.2
6.9
4.9
3.6

36,922
5,115.5
4,549.5
4,478.9
1,774.9
2,365.1
2.375.6
2,895.5
3,627.9
4,321.8
2,349.8
1.690.3
1,376.7

100.0
13.9
12.3
12. 1
4.8
6.4
6.4
7.8
9.8
11.7
6.4
4.6
3.7

.17
.29
.28
.23
.10
.12
.12
.17
.18
.24
.13
.09
.08

See footnote 3, table 1.




Number

Percent

Number

Percent

* The yearly “in effect” figures for stoppages and workers involved are the totals of the
correspndlng monthly figures; they are used to calculate the monthly “in effect” percents.

Table 3. Work stoppages by size and duration, 19781
(Workers and days Idle In thousands)

Humber of workers involved

Total

2-3
days

1
day

4-6
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Stoppages ending in year

all stoppages...............

4,250

383

366

446

792

85 8

706

308

391

6 and under 20................
a0 and under 100...... .......
100 and under 250.... ........
250 and under 500.... .
500 and under 1,000..... ....
1,000 and under 5,000........
5,000 and under 10,000.......
10,000 and over............ .

577
1,629
1,001
555
267
193
17
11

52
126
102
66
22
13
1
1

40
119
100
56
30
20
1
-

45
169
101
58
33
34
3
3

98
326
176
107
36
44
2
3

109
354
199
111
55
26
4
-

102
289
157
79
49
28
2
-

54
118
74
33
14
11
1
3

77
128
92
45
28
17
3
1

Workers involved

All stoppages..............

1,779.8

96.5

105.2

238.5

275.7

198.2

176.9

415. 0

273.8

20 and under 100.............
100 and under 250...... .....
250 and under 500............
500 and under 1,000..........
1,000 and under 5,000.........
5,000 and under 10,000.......
10,000 and over...............

7.2
83.3
157.5
192.2
176.8
378.1
110.0
674.6

.6
7.0
15.2
22.7
13.1
21.7
5.2
11.0

.5
5.9
16.4
19.9
21.0
34.7
6.8

.6
8.7
15.7
20.8
21.5
70.1
16.1
85.0

1.2
16.8
27.3
35.6
24.0
95.0
13.7
62.3

1.4
' 17.7
31.2
38.6
36.1
50. 9
22.2
-

1.3
14.9
25.4
27. 9
32.2
56.4
18.9
"

.7
5. 8
12.0
11.6
9.9
23. 3
5.0
346.7

1.0
6.5
14.3
15. 1
19. 1
26. 0
2z.2
169.6

Days idle

All stoppages.... ..........

39,751.9

96.5

219.0

840.7

1,811.7

2,892.0

5,027.0

6,386.2

22,478.8

6 and under 20....... .
20 and under 100.............
100 and under 250............
250 and under 500............
500 and under 1,000..........
1,000 and under 5,000........
5,000 and under 10,000..... .
10,000 and over...............

208.8
1,863.0
3,514.0
3,861.4
3,996.0
6,969.8
3,111.3
16,227.6

.6
7.0
15.2
22.7
13.1
21.7
5.2
11.0

1.1
13.^
37.1
43.7
43.7
66.6
13.5
-

2.0
32.4
58.9
71.0
67.6
235.4
53.5
320.0

8.3
124.1
192.3
250.1
163.5
652.4
99.4
321.6

20.9
258. 4
470.0
570.2
537.1
705. 1
330.2

37.8
426.0
714. 8
802.9
895.7
1,638.6
511.2
-

35.0
287.0
593.8
552.5
475.4
1, 107.3
215.0
3,120. 1

103. 1
715.0
1,431.8
1,548.1
1,799.8
2,542.8
1,883.2
12,454.9

Percent of stoppages ending in year

All stoppages.... .
6 and under 20............ .
20 and under 100.............
100 and under 250...... ......
250 and under 500......... .
500 and under 1,000..........
1,000 and under 5,000.........
5,000 and under 10,000........
10,000 and over...............

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

13.6
38.3
23.6
13. 1
6.3
4.5
.4
.3

13.6
32.9
26.6
17.2
5.7
3.4
.3
.3

10.9
32.5
27.3
15.3
8.2
5.5
.3
-

10. 1
37.9
22.6
13.0
7.4
7.6
.7
.7

12.4
41.2
22.2
13.5
4.5
5.6
.3
.4

12.7
41.3
23.2
1^.9
6.4
3.0
.5

14.4
40.9
22.2
11.2
6.9
4.0
.3
-

17.5
38.3
24.0
10.7
4.5
3.6
.3
1.0

19.7
32.7
23.5
11.5
7.2
4.3
.8
.3

Percent of workers involved

All stoppages...... .......
6 and under 20................
20 and under 100.............
100 and under 250.............
250 and under 500.... .......
500 and under 1,000..... .
1,000 and under 5,000.........
5,000 and under 10,000.... .
10,000 and over..............

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

.4
4.7
8.8
10.8
9.9
21.2
6.2
37.9

.6
7.2
15.8
23.6
13.5
22.5
5.4
11.4

.5
5.6
15.6
18.9
19.9
33.0
6.4

.2
3.6
6.6
8.7
9.0
29.4
6.7
35.6

.4
6.1
9.9
12.9
8.7
34.4
5.0
22.6

.7
8.9
15.8
19.5
18.2
25.7
11.2
-

.7
8.4
14.4
15.8
18.2
31.9
10.7
-

.2
1.4
2.9
2.8
2.4
5.6
1.2
83.6

.4
2.4
5.2
5.5
7.0
9.5
8. 1
61.9

Percent of days idle

All stoppages.......... .
6 and under 20...............
20 and under 100.............
100 and under ^50.............
250 and under 500............
500 and under 1,000...........
1,000 and under 5,000--- .....
5,000 and under 10,000..... .
10,000 and over...............

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

.5
4.7
8.8
9.7
10. 1
17.5
7. 8
40. 8

.6
7.2
15.8
23.6
13.5
22.5
5.4
11.4

.5
6.0
16.9
20.0
19.9
30.4
6.2
-

.2
3.9
7.0
8.4
8.0
28.0
6.4
38. 1

.5
6.8
10.6
13.8
9.0
36.0
5.5
17.8

.7
8.9
16.3
19.7
18.6
24.4
11.4
-

.8
8.5
14.2
16.0
17.8
32.6
10.2
~

.5
4.5
9.3
8.7
7.4
17.3
3.4
48.9

.5
3.2
6.4
6.9
8.0
11.3
8.4
55.4

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer
to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began
in a previous year




1 Less than 0.05 percent,
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros.

11




Table 4. Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927-78
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Workers involved
Year

Number
of work
stoppages

Number

Percent of
total for
year

Days idle during year
Percent of
est. total
Percent of
Number
working
total for
time 1/
year

1927................
1928................
1929................
1930................
1931......... *.....

1
5
1
1
6

165
137
15
30
122

50.0
43.6
5.2
16.4
37.7

9,737
10,086
195
270
1,954

37.2
80.0
3.6
8.1
28.4

0.14
.14
(2)
(2)
-03

1932................
1933................
1934................
1935................
1936................

7
17
18
9
8

140
429
725
516
169

43.2
36.7
49.3
46.1
21.4

5,337
5,199
7,488
4,523
2,893

50.8
30.7
38.2
29.2
20.8

.12
.11
.15
.08
.04

1937................
1938................
1939................
1940................
1941................

26
2
8
4
29

528
39
572
57
1,070

28.4
5.7
48.9
9.9
45.3

9, 110
171
5,731
331
9,344

32.1
1.9
32.2
4.9
40.6

.14
(2)
.09
(2)
.13

1942................
1943................
1944................
1945................
1946................

6
10
16
.42
31

74
737
350
1,350
2,920

8.8
37.2
16.5
38.9
63.6

245
9,427
1,259
19,300
66,400

5.9
69.8
14.4
50.7
57.2

(2)
.10
.01
.24
.82

1947................
1948................
1949................
1950................
1951................

15
20
18
22
19

1,030
870
1,920
738
457

47.5
44.5
63.2
30.7
20.6

17,700
18,900
34,900
21,700
5,680

51.2
55.3
69.0
56.0
24.8

.21
.20
.41
.25
.57

1952................
1953................
1954................
1955................
1956................

35
28
18
26
12

1,690
650
437
1,210
758

47.8
27.1
28.5
45.6
39.9

36,900
7,270
7,520
12,300
19,600

62.6
25.7
33.3
43.4
59.1

.36
.07
-07
.11
.17

1957................
1958................
1959................
1960................
1961........ ........

13
21
20
17
14

283
823
845
384
601

20.4
40.0
45.0
29.2
41.4

3,050
10,600
50,800
7, 140
4,950

18.5
44.2
73.7
37.4
30.4

.26
.10
.45
.06
.04

1962................
1963................
1964................
1965................
1966................

16
7
18
21
26

318
102
607
387
600

25.8
10.8
37.0
25.0
30.7

4,800
3,540
7,990
6,070
7,290

25.8
22.0
34.8
26.0
28.7

.04
.03
.06
.05
-05

1967................
1968................
1969................
1970................
1971................

28
32
25
34
29

1,340
994
668
1,653
1,901

46.5
37.5
26.9
50.0
58.0

21,400
20,514
17,853
35,440
23,152

50.7
41.8
41.6
53.4
48.6

.15
.12
.10
.20
.13

1972................
1973................
1974................
1975................
1976................

18
25
27
20
23

390
713
836
474
1,030

22.7
31.7
30.1
27.2
42.6

7,499
6,062
12,914
7,482
14,043

27.7
21.7
26.8
24.0
37.1

.04
.03
.06
-04
.07

1977................
1978................

18
11

531
526

26.5
32.4

9,886
13,537

27.6
36.7

.05
-02

Less than 0.005 percent.

See footnote 3, table 1.

12

Table 5.

Work stoppages beginning in 1978 involving 10,000 workers or more

Beginning
date

Approximate
duration
(calendar
days)1

Establishment(s)
and locations(s)

Union(s)
involved2

Approximate
number of
workers
involved3

Major terms of settlement4

Jan. 23

9

General Contractors
Association— Hawaii

L a b o re rs In t e r n a ­
tio n a l U nio n of
North America

10,000

3-year agreement provided wage in­
crease of 50 cents an hour, retroac­
tive to Jan. 1, 30 cents on Sept. 1,
and an additional increase on April 1,
1979. Total wage and fringe benefit
increase set at $2.17 an hour over life
of contract.

Mar. 25 5

13

Association of Bitumin­
ous Coal Contractors—
interstate

United Mine Workers'
of America (Ind.)

34,709

3-year agreement (involving coal mine
construction w orkers) reached on
April 4 and patterned after Bituminous
C o a l M in e A s s o c ia tio n a c c o rd
reached on Mar. 24 with miners. (See
A n a ly s is

o f W o rk S to p p a g e s ,

1977,

BLS Bulletin 2032; C u r r e n t W a g e
v e l o p m e n t s , Apr. 1978, p. 21.)

De­

Apr. 4

4

M etropolitan New York
Nursing Home Associ­
ation— New York

S ervice E m ployees
International Union

10,000

3-year agreement provided for 1st-year
wage increase of $14 a week for non­
p ro fess io n al e m p lo y e e s , $ 1 5 for
licensed practical nurses (LPN’s), and
$16 for registered nurses (R N ’s);
2nd-year increases semiannually of
$7 and $6 for nonprofessionals, $7
and $8 for LPN’s, and $8 and $8 for
R N ’s, and 3 r d - y e a r in c re a s e s
semiannually of $6 and $7 for non­
professionals, $7 and $8 for LPN’s,
and $9 and $9 for RN’s.

Apr. 26 6

89

G en eral Electric C o .—
Kentucky

International Associ­
ation of Machinists
and
A e ro s p a c e
Workers

15,000

Strike during term of contract called
over grievances involving interpreta­
tions of cost-of-living pay raise provi­
sions in the 1976 contract; dispute
ended with the intervention of a Fed­
eral mediator before a final settlement
was reached.

July 1 0 7

82

N o rfo lk and W e s te rn
R a ilw a y Co. — in te r ­
state

Brotherhood of Rail­
w ay , A irlin e and
Steamship Clerks,
Freight H andlers,
Express and S ta ­
tion Employees

321,000

Job security dispute ended with the im­
position of the “cooling off” period of
the Railway Labor Act. The railroad
ag re ed not to rem ove work from
coverage of the union contract; to in­
clude about 400 nonunion jobs under
coverage of the union contract; and
to protect employees with 3 years of
service and those who attain 3 years
of service against pay loss resulting
from the abolition of jobs.

July 14

8

C ity of P h ila d e lp h ia —
Pennsylvania

American Federation
of S ta te , C ou nty
and Municipal Em­
ployees

17,544

2-year contract provided for a 7-percent
wage increase retroactive to July 1
and another increase on July 1, 1979,
equal to the rise in the Philadelphia
Consumer Price Index in the prior 12
months; additional money provided
for o p tical and prescriptio n drug
benefits. The city agreed to reduce
“where practical” contracts with out­
side trash collection and street repair
firms, and to replace uniformed police
in clerical jobs with the union’s mem­
bers; the union agreed to a reduction
in overtime work and a ban on hiring
during the coming year.

Aug. 9 6

89

Publishers Association of
New York (New York
Times, Daily News, New
York Post)— New York

International Printing
and Graphic Com­
munications Union
(PGCU); Interna­
tional Association
of Machinists and
Aerospace Workers
(IAM ); The News­
paper Guild

10,500

P G C U — 6 -y e a r ag re em e n t provided
$68-a-week wage increase as follows:
$23 in first and second years and $22
in third year; wage provisions to be
reopened for second 3-year period in
March 1981; agreement provided for
the assignment of 11 operators at
each press, assigning w orkers to
specific presses, and guaranteeing
jobs for all press operators for the
6-year contract term. Job cuts were
to be accomplished only by attrition

See footnotes at end of table.




13

Table 5.

Beginning
date

Continued— Work stoppages beginning in 1978 involving 10,000 workers or more
Approximate
duration
(calendar
days)1

Establishment(s)
and location(s)

Union(s)
involved2

Approximate
number of
workers
involved3

I Major terms of settlement4

through death, retirement, resigna­
tion, or discharge for cause.

Aug. 9
— Cont.

IAM— 3-year agreement: Terms identi­
cal to PGCU without wage reopener.
Aug. 19

6

Retail grocery stores—
Southern California

Retail Clerks Interna­
tional Union

55,000

3-year agreem ent provided wage in­
crease of 10 cents an hour effective
July 2, 1979, 35 cents Jan. 7, 1980, 2
cents July 7, 1980, and 30 cents Jan.
5, 1981; established maximum of 5
weeks of paid vacation after 20 years’
service; 16.5-cents-an-hour employer
payment to pension fund effective
Jan. 1979, increasing to 19.5 cents in
Jan. 1980, and to 22.5 cents in Jan.
1981; new vision care plan effective
July 19 7 9 , plus im provem ents in
m a jo r
m e d ic a l
co ve ra g e
(to
$ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ), m aternity, lab orato ry,
X-ray, and dental benefits. (See C u r ­
r e n t W a g e D e v e l o p m e n t s , Sept. 1978
and Mar. 1979.)

Aug. 25

1

New York Shipping As­
s o c ia tio n ( N YS A) —
New York, New Jersey

In te r n a tio n a l
L o n g s h o re m e n ’ s
Association (ILA)

11,000

Jurisdictional dispute between the ILA
and the New York-New Jersey W a­
terfront Commission over hiring of
waterfront checker personnel. Dispute
ended when the NYSA sided with the
ILA.

Sept. 1

6

American Federation
P h ila d e lp h ia B oard of
Education— Pennsylvania
of Teachers

20,000

2-year agreement provided an average
15-percent increment in second year
in 3 steps: 5 percent on July 1, 1979,
5 percent on Feb. 1, 1980, and 5 per­
cent on May 1, 1980; class size re­
duced to 33; rehiring of all 2,2 00
teachers who were laid off in June
1978; class preparation time to be
maintained.

Dec. 196

49

TV commercial advertis­
ers and pro d u c ers—
interstate

Screen Actors Guild,
In c .;
A m e ric a n
Federation of Tele­
vision and R adio
Artists

25,000

3 -y e a r ag re em e n t provided for 15percent increase over basic session
fees for TV actors plus annual costof-living adjustment measured from
Nov. 16, 1978, and 17 percent over
basic session fees for radio artists;
TV actor session fees were raised to
scale and one-half for commercials
involving more than one client. Pen­
sion and welfare benefits were in­
creased by 0.05 percent.

4 Adapted largely from C u r r e n t W a g e D e v e l o p m e n t s , published
monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
5 Staggered idleness. The United Mine Workers struck on Dec. 6,
1977, and miners returned to work Mar. 24, 1978. Construction crews
then struck on Mar. 25 and returned Apr. 7.
6 Staggered idleness.
7 Staggered idleness. The railway clerks extended the stoppages on
Sept. 26 to 43 lines and, on Sept. 27, to all 73 lines that are members of
the railroad mutual aid pact. On Sept. 28, President Carter ordered a
60-day cooling-off period and established a 3-m em ber em ergency
factfinding board, as provided by the Railway Labor Act. On Sept. 29, a
temporary injunction was issued directing all strikers to return to work.

11ncludes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and established
holidays.
2 The unions listed are those directly involved in the dispute, but the
number of workers involved may include members of other unions or
nonunion workers idled by the disputes in the same establishments. The
unions are affiliated with the AFL-CIO, except where they are noted as
independent (Ind.).
3The number of workers involved is the maximum made idle for 1 shift
or longer in establishments directly involved in the stoppage. This does
not measure the indirect or secondary effect on other establishments or
industries whose employees are made idle as a result of material or
service shortages.




14

Table 6. Work stoppages by industry group and size,1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Total

500
250
100
20
6
1,000
5,000
and under and under and under and under and under and under and under
500
100
1,000
5,000
250
20
10,000
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers

10,000
workers
or
aore

Stoppages' beginning in year
All industries.....................

1/4.230

568

1,619

991

571

262

192

16

Manufacturing........................

1/2,121

180

810

565

319

151

90

4

2

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products..............
Tobacco Manufactures...................
Textile Bill products..................

3
171
2
41

_
22
5

1
73
1
13

42
1
9

1
25
7

_
2
4

1
7
3

_

_

.... .
Apparel# etc.
Luaber and wood products, except
furniture........... .
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

40

3

19

11

5

2

-

-

_

69
60
102

6
6
3

31
20
40

17
25
26

8
6
12

5
2
10

2
1
11

-

-

37
113

5
9

15
59

6
27

3
14

2
2

5
2

-

-

1
-

21

3

8

6

3

1

-

-

89
8
133
187
360

8
1
16
11
28

34
2
59
65
170

27
3
30
58
91

13
1
21
32
44

2
5
4

-

-

Machinery, except electrical...........
Llectrical Machinery, eguipaent, and
supplies.............................
Transportation eguipaent...............
Instruaents, etc. 4/...................
Miscellaneous Manufacturing industries.

277

28

92

72

44

23

18

-

_

190
149
33
36

9
9
1
7

46
43
10
9

61
34
9
10

34
32
5
9

25
15
6
1

14
12
2
-

4
-

1
-

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...........................
Cheaicals and allied products..........
Petroleua refining and related
industries. ...........
fiubber and Miscellaneous plastics
prod ucts.............................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Priaary aetal industries...............
Fabricated aetal products 3/...........

5
1
7
16
23

11

-

-

-

Monaanufactaring.....................

1/2,110

388

809

426

252

111

103

12

9

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
Mining.................................
Contract construction..................
Transportation, conaunication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Hholesale and retail trade....... ......

14
275
385

3
23
54

5
65
141

4
84
74

2
54
49

41
26

_
5
35

2
5

1
1

259
445

62
142

116
206

39
48

20
24

5
10

12
14

3
-

2
1

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services......... ......................
Governaent 5/___ ......................

21
232
481

6
44
54

10
105
162

1
55
121

3
23
77

1
28

_
2
36

1
1

_
2
2

Horkers involved
All industries.....................

1/1.622.6

7.1

82.8

156.1

196.9

173.5

375.7

104.1

526.5

Manufacturing........................

1/567.8

2.3

43.3

90.1

110.8

100.8

169.7

25.2

25.5

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products..............
Tobacco Manufactures............... ....
Textile sill products.... .

1.7
33.3
.2
14.0

_
.3
.1

_
7.2
.1
1.4

.4
8.6
2-5

1.2
2.3

1.3
12.2
6.9

-

_
-

Apparel, etc. 2/................ .
Luaber and wood products, except
furniture.......................^....
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

5.8
12.5
8.9
39.6

(6)
3.8
(6)
.7
1.0

1.8

1.8

1.3

-

-

-

.1
.1

1.5
1.1
2.5

2.7
3.7
4.0

2.6
1.8
4.3

3.1
1.2
6.5

2.6
1.0
22.2

-

-

.1
.1

.7
2.8

.9
4.3

.9
5.1

1.5
1.2

10.4
3.3

-

10.5
-

.4

.9

.9

4.0

-

-

2.0
.1
3.1
3.7
8.6

4.3
.4
4.7
9.4
14.8

4.7
.3
6.8
10.5
15-5

3.5
.8
4.9
10.5
15.0

2.5
10.9
5.7

-

(6)

(6)

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...........................
Cheaicals and allied products..........
Petroleua refining and related
industries...........................

25.0
16.8

fiubber and aiscellaneous plastics
products.............................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Priaary aetal industries...............
Fabricated aetal products 3/...........

17.1
1.6
19.7
45.2
60.0

Machinery, except electrical...........
lilectrical Machinery, eguipaent, and
supplies.............................
Transportation eguipaent...............
Instruaents, etc. 4/..................
Miscellaneous Manufacturing industries.

83.5

.4

5.1

11.5

15-9

16.5

34.2

-

-

79.0
81.6
10.4
5.6

.1
.1

9.9
5.2
1.5
1.3

11.8
11.5
1.8
2.9

16.4
10.0
4.0
.8

23.0
27.2
2.5

.1

2.8
2.5
.5
.4

25.2
—
-

15.0
-

lionaanufacturing. ....................

1/1,054.8

4.8

39.4

66.0

86.1

72.7

205.9

78.9

501.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
Mi ning.................................
Contract construction..................
Transportation, conaunication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Mholesale and retail trade.............

1.7
114.4
169.3

.3
.7

.3
3.7
6.7

.6
13.7
11.1

.8
18.7
16.6

25.5
18.9

7.1
71.5

10.8
33.8

34.7
10.0

.8
1.8

5.3
9.2

5.8
7.5

6.6
8.8

2.9
6.2

21.1
28.9

20. 1
-

332.2
55.0

1.3
7-6
25.7

_
.9
18.4

2.8
74.5

5.2
9.0

31.5
37. 5

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...............................
Governaent 5/..........................

6.3

394.8
117.3
7.2
56.4
193.7

(6)
.1
(6)
.2
.2
.4

(6)

(6)

.4
5.1
8.7

.1
.6
.7

See footnotes at end of table.




15

.2
8.0
19.2

-

Table 6. Continued— Work stoppages by industry group and size, 1978
(Workers and days iflie in thousands)

Total
Industry group

500
250
5,000
1,000
100
20
6
and under and under and under and under and under and under and under
250
500
100
5,000
1,000
20
10,000
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers

10,000
workers
or
aore

Days idle during year
1/36,921.5

201.9

1,801.0

3,344.0

3,986.1

3,814.3

7,483.6

2,753.3

13,537.3

Manufacturing........................ 1/15,602.0

All industries.................. .

68.5

1,137.0

2,364.1

3,053.8

2,965.0

4,225.5

1,095.7

692.4

-

-

_
11.3
53.5

79.6
92.1

_

156.9
.9
24.0

6-9
181.5
84.2

-

10.4
3-1

1.5
106.0
.1
13.4

-

-

-

163.1

-

-

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products..............
Tobacco aanufactures...................
Textile Bill products..................

88. 1
558.2
1.0
341.3

Apparel, etc. 2/.......................
Lumber and aood products, except
furniture............................
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

136.7

1.2

35.1

40.0

27.0

33.3

-

-

270.9
297.2
2,177.5

2.1
2.3
.7

41.0
24.4
62.9

72.0
54.6
147.3

61.5
49.5
209.7

59-5
80.5
269.4

34.9
85.9
1,487.6

~
-

-

794.3
632.6

5.2
3. 1

19.3
73.6

37.6
118.9

29. 1
157.4

35.1
60.7

52.8
218.9

“

615.3

88.0

1.3

10.9

13.7

42. 1

-

20.0

-

-

362.0
42.8
469.1
1,377.6
1,682.7

2.3
-1
7.1
4.3
8.7

63.4
9.5
75.4
131.8
237.8

128.4
1.8
137.7
198.0
505.0

87.5
25.0
166.8
345.2
525.6

77.0
6.5
82.1
262.3
284.5

3.5
435.9
121.1

-

—
-

-

-

2,159.7

12.1

122.8

280.6

442.7

682.2

619.3

-

-

1,209.5
2,447.2
289.6
175.8

1.1
1.7
.2
1.8

37.5
48.5
14.6
7.6

197.1
125.2
66.6
57.8

198.3
316.4
27.7
69.6

339.7
465.3
122.8
39.1

358.7
394.4
57.8
-

-

77.1
-

Monmanufacturing..................... 1/21,319.5

133.4

664.0

979.9

932.3

849.4

3,258.0

35.4
10,260.6
2,271.8

.3
1.0
11.0

3.4
18.7
89.2

16.4
105.8
159.2

15.2
139.7
207.8

-

202.9
190.1

18.9
888.6

34.3
655.8

9,739.2
70.0

4,452.5
1,757.9

25.8
65.4

119.2
247.9

152.2
203.2

115.4
167.1

81.9
186.1

884.2
668.3

635.2
-

2,438.7
220.0

133.4 •
701.2
1,706.7

2.6
19.0
8.2

7.3
122.8
55.6

6.7
171.6
164.8

14.9
86.3
185.9

3.7
14.7
170.0

75.2
722.9

234.0

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...........................
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleua refining and related
industries...........................
Eubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.............................
Leather and Leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary aetal industries...............
Fabricated aetal products 3/-..........
Machinery, except electrical...........
.Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies.............................
Transportation equipment...............
Instruments, etc. 4/...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
Mining.................................
Contract construction..................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Wholesale and retail trade.............
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...............................
Government 5/__ .......................

■ The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not
equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more
groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated
among the respective groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and op­
tical goods; watches and clocks.




_

-

—

1,095.7
—

-

—

1,657.5

_

98.2
-

12,844.9

_

_
211.8
165.3

3 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within
the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal deter­
mination JhataAwoife stoppage has taken place in violation of any taw or public policy.
' Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-)
denote zeros.

16

Table 7. Work stoppages by affiliation of unions involved, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Affiliation
Stoppages

Workers involved

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

All stoppages..............

4,230

100.0

1,622.6

100.0

36,921.5

100.0

AFL-CIO......................
Onaffiliated unions..........
Single-fir« unions...........
Different affiliations 1/....
Professional employee
associations.................
No union involved.............

2,610
1,250
43
8

61.7
29.6
1.0
.2

1,200.4
328.4
10.4
1.7

74.0
20.2
.6
.1

19,515.8
16,362.8
159.9
44.6

52.9
44.3
.4
.1

236
83

5.6
2.0

77.0
4.7

4.7
.3

745.7
92.8

2.0
.3

1 Includes work stoppages Involving either oneunionor more affiliated
with the AFL-CIO and one unaffiliated union or more, or two unaffiliated
unions or more.

Number

Percent

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals,

Table 8. Work stoppages by contract status and size, 1978
(Workers and days Idle in thousands)

Days idle
during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year
Contract status and
number of workers involved

Stoppages
Number

Workers involved

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

4,230

100.0

1,622.6

100.0

36,921.5

100.0

568
1,619
991
571
262
192
16
11

13.4
38.3
23.4
13.5
6.2
4.5
.4
.3

7. 1
82.8
156. 1
196.9
173.5
375.7
104.1
526.5

.4
5.1
9.6
12. 1
10.7
23.2
6.4
32.4

201.9
1,801.0
3,344.0
3,986.1
3,814.3
7,483.6
2,753.3
13,537.3

.5
4.9
9.1
10.8
10.3
20.3
7.5
36.7

438
136
203
62
25
8
4
-

10.4
3.2
4.8
1.5
.6
.2
.1
~

39.8
1.8
8.9
9.4
8.0
5.0
6. 6
-

2.5
.1
.5
.6
.5
.3
.4
-

1,596.0
75.8
288.1
340. 1
201.9
275.3
415.0
-

4.3
.2
.8
.9
.5
.7
1.1
“

Renegotiation of agreement
(expiration or reopening)............
6 and under 20.......................
20 and under 100.....................
100 and under 250................. .
250 and under 500....................
500 and under 1,000..................
1,000 and under 5,000................
5,000 and under 10,000................
10,000 and over........... ..........

2,824
270
1,098
726
403
180
127
12
8

66.8
6.4
26.0
17.2
9.5
4.3
3.0
.3
.2

1,248.3
3.4
57.9
115.0
138.7
119.9
241.2
82.2
490. 0

76.9
.2
3.6
7. 1
8.5
7.4
14. 9
5. 1
30.2

32,876.0
93.1
1,313.0
2,797.6
3,576.9
3,242.6
6,369.0
2,649.8
12,833.9

89. 0
.3
3.6
7.6
9.7
8.8
17.3
7.2
34.8

During term of agreement (negotiation
cf new agreement not involved)........
6 and under 20.......................
20 and under 100.....................
100 and under 250....................
250 and under 500....................
500 and under 1,000..................
1,000 and under 5,000..... ..........
5,000 and under 10,000...............
10,000 and over................ .....

657
68
197
154
117
64
52
2
3

15.5
1.6
4.7
3.6
2.8
1.5
1.2
(D
.1

276.3
.8
10.3
24.6
41.4
41.7
109. 1
11.9
36.5

17.0
.1
.6
1.5
2.6
2.6
6.7
.7
2.2

1,802.9
5.0
54.5
101.6
140.2
201.1
568.7
28.4
703.4

4.9
(1)
.1
.3
.4
.5
1.5
.1
1.9

No contract or other contract status....
6 and under 20.................... .
20 and under 100........ .............
100 and under 250....................
250 and under 500....................
500 and under 1,000..................
1,000 and under 5,000................
5,000 and under 10,000................
10,000 and over......................

147
42
53
20
18
6
7
1
-

3.5
1.0
1.3
.5
.4
.1
.2
(D

37.0
.5
2.4
3.0
6.2
4. 1
15.8
5.0

2.3
(1)
.2
.2
.4
.3
1.0
.3

366.6
8.9
34.5
17.3
50.5
71.1
124.2
60.0

1.0
(1)
.1
(1)
.1
.2
.3
.2
•

No information on contract status......
6 and under 20.......................
20 and under 100.....................
100 and under 250....................
250 and under 500...... .............
500 and under 1,000..................
1,000 and under 5,000................
5,000 and under 10,000...............
10,000 and over......................

164
52
68
29
8
4
2
1
-

3.9
1.2
1.6
.7
.2
.1
(D
(1)
*

21.1
.6
3.2
4. 1
2.5
2.7
2.9
5.0

1.3
(1)
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
-

280.0
19.1
111.0
87.4
16.6
24.2
6.6
15.0

.8
.1
.3
.2
(1)
.1
(D
(1)
~

All stoppages...................... .
6 and under 20.........................
20 and under 100.......................
100 and under 250......................
250 and under 500......................
500 and under 1,000....................
1,000 and under 5,000...................
5,000 and under 10,000............ .
10,000 and over.......... .............
Negotiation of first agreement or
union recognition....................
6 and under 20....... ...............
20 and under 100.....................
100 and under 250....... ............
250 and under 500....................
500 and under 1,000..................
1,000 and under 5,000................
5,000 and under 10,000...............
10,000 and over......................




1 Less than 0.05 percent.

-

_

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros.

17

Table 9. Work stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Henegotiation of agreement
(expiration or reopening)

Negotiation of first
agreement
or union recognition

Total

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Rorkers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries...................... 1/4,230

1,622.6

36,921.5

438

39.8

1,596.0

2,824

1,248.3

32,876.0

Manufacturing......................... 1/2,121

567.8

15,602.0

206

22.8

1,081.8

1,559

384.6

12,800.6

Ordnance and accessories................
food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures....................
Textile Bill products...................

3
171
2
41

1.7
33.3
.2
14.0

88. 1
558.2
1.0
341.3

1
25
6

2.0
.3

1.5
56.4
11.9

2
125
2
29

1.6
24.1
.2
13.5

86.5
472.5
1-0
325.5

Apparel, etc. 3/...... ..... .
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products............ .

40

5.8

136.7

9

.4

52.6

15

2.7

59.5

69
60
102

12.5
8.9
39.6

270.9
297.2
2,177.5

10
16
9

.3
2.5
3.3

10.5
117.2
331.4

47
40
84

8.7
5.8
34.5

237.6
178.9
1,803.8

37
113

25.0
16.8

794.3
632.6

3
6

.1
.7

5.6
19.6

30
93

13.5
14.3

170.3
576.5

21

6.3

88.0

~

-

-

16

1.7

63.8

89
8
133
187
360

17.1
1.6
19.7
45.2
60.0

362-0
42.8
469.1
1,377.6
1,682.7

9
2
14
12
29

1. 1
.1
2.0
1.2
2.0

28.1
1.3
52.1
22.6
101.7

66
3
102
137
284

11.2
1.0
15.2
27.7
47.2

282.4
37.4
400.8
1,211.2
1,488.7

277

83.5

2,159.7

23

1.5

86.8

211

59.2

1,838.0

190
149
33
36

79.0
81.6
10.4
5.6

1,209.5
2,447.2
289.6
175.8

5
12
8
7

2. 1
2.2
.7
.2

77.8
32.1
48.3
24. 1

113
113
22
25

37.3
51.1
9.1
5.1

946.2
2,233.8
235.8
150.5

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries...........................
fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 4/............
Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies........................... .
Transportation eguipment.............. .
Instruments, etc. 5/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

-

(2 )

Monmanufacturing......... ............. J/2, 110

1,054.8

21,319.5

232

17.0

514.2

1,266

863.7

20,075.4

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

14
275
385

1.7
114.4
169.3

35.4
10,260-6
2,271.8

7
7
14

1.0
.5
1.6

30.8
34.6
13.4

3
27
259

.1
47.2
139.0

1.5
10,079.5
2,175.5

259
445

394.8
117.3

4,452.5
1,757.9

35
73

3.3
1.8

178. 1
75.7

169
314

362.8
108.2

4,152.0
1,571.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services.......... .
Government 6/---........................

21
232
481

7.2
56.4
193.7

133.4
701.2
1,706.7

2
48
46

(2)
3.7
5.1

5.1
134.5
42.0

17
148
331

7.1
50.0
149.3

128.1
532.8
1,434.9

See footnotes at end of ta£>le.




18

Table 9. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

During term of agreement
(negotiation of new
agreement not involved)

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

No contract or other
contract status

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Humber

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

No information on
contract status

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

I

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

All i ndu £tries......................

1/657

276.3

1,802.9

147

37.0

366.6

164

21.1

280.0

Manufacturing.........................

1/228

126.9

1,352.9

38

16.8

160.7

90

16.8

206.0

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures....................
Textile mill products...................

-

-

23.5

_
1

_

13
—
-

_
6.4
-

_
.1

_
7
—
5

.2

8

1.6

13.6

6

.4

3.5

7
4
4

3.2
.6
1.3

19.2
1.1
22.0

5

.3

4
6

11.5
1. 1

3
5
1
11
28
25

Apparel, etc. 1/........................
lumber and mood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products...............
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products..*.........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................
Putter and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products....... .
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 4/............
Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation eguipment................
Instruments, etc. 5/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

31

♦

—

(2)

—

1

—

(2)

(2)

2

.8

_

_

7.5

_

_
.7
—

_
5.7
_
3.9

-

-

-

-

-

2

-3

1.2

3

.2

3.6
19.1

618.4
26.4

3

-

.5

2.1

5

.2

7.9

4.2

20.7

-

-

-

2

.3

3.5

2.3
.3
2.1
13.6
7.3

20.5
3.3
8.2
99.7
41.6

4
5
6

.9
2.4
.5

3.2
21.2
8.4

5
2
6
5
16

1.7
.2
.4
.3
3.0

27.8
.8
8.0
22.8
42.4

21.1

211.2

2

.3

2.3

10

1.4

21.4

59
14
3
2

36.1
13.3
.7
.1

154.5
63.2
5.5
.3

8
4
-

2.8
8.3
—

18.4
96.4

5
6
2

.6
6.7
—
.2

12.7
21.7

—

-

.9

1/429

149.5

450. 1

109

20.2

205.9

74

4.4

73.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

236
87

65.6
22.7

138.0
61.8

3
4
19

.5
1.0
5.8

2.2
3.8
19.5

1
1
6

.1
.1

.9
4.8
1.6

24
20

24.8
5.9

92.1
18.4

12
14

2.9

6. 1
77.6

19
24

1.2
.8

24.2
15.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services................................
Government 6/...........................

1
14
47

.1
1.2
29.3

.1
6.3
133.4

7
50

_
.4
9.2

_
4.9
91.8 |

1
15
7

(2)
1.1
.9

.1
22.8
4.6

Nonmanufacturing.........---..... .

tical goods; watches and clocks.
8 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within
the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal deter­
mination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.

1 The number of stoppages reported for am ajor industry group or division may not equal
the sum of its components because TncffvfduaT stoppages occurring in two or more groups
have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the
respective groups.
2 Fewer than 50.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
s Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and op­




.5

(2)

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-)
denote zeros.

19

Table 10. Work stoppages by contract status and major issue, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages beginning in year
Days idle
during year
(all stoppages)

Contract status and major issue
Stoppages
Number

Horkers involved

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

4,230

100.0

1,622.6

100.0

36.921.5

100.0

Negotiation of first agreement....... .
General wage changes........... .......
Supplementary benefits................
Nage adjustments......................
Hours of work.........................
Other contractual matters........ .
Onion organization and security.......
Job security..........................
riant administration..................
Cther working conditions..............
Interunion and intraunion matters.....
Not reported..........................

438
243
3
8
14
136
8
23
3

10.4
5.7
.1
.2
—
.3
3.2
-2
.5
.1

39.8
25.0
.1
.6
1.0
10.3
1.3
1.3
.2

2.5
1.5
(D
(1)
—
.1
.6
.1
.1
0>

1,596.0
1,014-8
1.2
4.2
—
55.3
399.9
69.4
49.8
1.4

4.3
2.7
(1)
(1)
—
.1
1.1
.2
.1
(1)

fienegotiation of agreement (expiration
or reopening).........................
General wage changes..................
Supplementary benefits................
Nage adjustments......................
flours of work............. .
Other contractual matters........ .
Union organization and security.......
Job security..........................
Plant administration........ .
Other working conditions..............
Interunion and intraunion matters.....
Not reported...................

2,824
2,359
46
57
14
109
61
60
101
11
4
2

66.8
55.8
1.1
1.3
-3
2.6
1.4
1.4
2-4
.3
.1
(D

1,248.3
781.4
11.9
33.9
3.7
24.9
10.8
349.6
29.0
1.7
1.4
.1

76.9
48.2
.7
2. 1
.2
1.5
.7
21.5
1.8
.1
.1
(1)

32,876.0
17,896.0
257.2
447.3
258-8
430.9
199.0
3,154.3
10,146.2
40.9
44.5
1.2

89.0
48.5
.7
1.2
.7
1.2
.5
8.5
27.5
.1
.1
(D

During term of agreement (negotiation
of new agreement not involved)........
General wage changes..................
Supplementary benefits................
Nage adjustments......................
flours of work....... .
Other contractual matters.............
Union organization and security.......
Job security................... .
Plant administration........... .....
Cther working conditions..............
Interunion and intraunion matters.....
Not reported..........................

657
33
7
54
16
38
45
337
40
87

15.5
.8
.2
1.3
—
.4
.9
1.1
8.0
.9
2.1

276.3
14.4
4.9
23.3
—
5.2
11-0
34.9
126.3
27-7
28-8
(2)

17.0
.9
.3
1.4
—
.3
.7
2. 1
7.8
1.7
1.8
-

1,802.9
193.1
8.8
121.9
31.1
77.6
786.3
345.8
133.5
104.7

4.9
.5
(1)
.3
—
.1
.2
2.1
.9
.4
.3

No contract or other contract status....
General wage changes..................
Supplementary benefits................
Nage adjustments.............. .
flours of work.........................
Cther contractual matters.............
Union organization and security.......
Job security..........................
Plant administration..................
Cther working conditions..............
Interunion and intraunion matters.....
Not reported.........................

147
55
2
7
2
10
18
11
31
3
7
1

3.5
1.3
(1)
.2

37.0
8.1
1.8
1.4

2.3
.5
.1
.1
(1)
.4
.3
.2
-5
.1
.1
d)

366.6
132.6
1.8
4.7
(2)
125.3
49-7
16.7
26.4
4.3
2.9
(1)

1.0
.4
d)
(D
(1)
.3
.1
(1)
.1
(1)
(1)
(1)

No information..........................

164

3.9

1.3

280.0

.8

All stoppages...... .




12)

.2
.4
.3
.7
.1
.2
(1)

1 Less than 0.05 percent.
2 Fewer than 50.

6.7
5.2
2.5
7.4
.9
2.4
(D
21.1

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros.

20

Table 11. Work stoppages by major issue, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Major issue
Stoppages

Horkers involved

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Percent

Number

£11 stoppages..............................

4,230

100.0

1,622.6

100.0

36,921.5

100.0

General wage changes.........................
General wage increase.............. .
General wage increase plus
supplementary benefits....................
General wage increase, h o u r s decrease..
General wage decrease....... .
Cost-of-living increase.............. .
General wage and ccst-of-living increase...
Rages and working conditions...............

2,751
901

65.0
21.3

836.3
205.9

51.5
12.7

19,341.4
3,492-9

52.4
9.5

1,436
3
43
165
203

33.9

477.8

29.4

11,653.0

31.6

.1
1.0
3.9
4.8

.4
10.1
49.4
92.7

(1)
.6
3.0
5.7

16.8
314.0
1,536.1
2,328.7

(D
.9
4.2
6.3

Suppleaentary benefits... .................
Pensions, insurance, and other
welfare programs..........................
Severance or dismissal pay, and other
payments on layoff or separation..........
Preaiua pay. ...---- ------------------- ...
ether................

62

1.5

18.9

1.2

271.8

.7

32

.8

5.5

.3

68.1

.2

6
24

.1
.6

5.2
8.2

.3
.5

41.1
162.5

.1
.4

Rage adjustments... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Incentive pay rates or administration......
Job classification or rates................
Downgrading.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retroactivity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Method of computing pay....................

128
27
64
2
5
30

3.0
.6
1.5
(1)
.1
.7

581.2
93.2
404.9
27.8
3.2
52.3

1.6
.3
1.1
.1

- 6
12.7

3.7
.4
2.4
<1>
(1)
.8

Hours of work........................---------....
Increase................................................................ ...
Decrease........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
6

.4
. 1
.2

4.5
2.0
2.4

.3
. 1
. 1

261.0
62.8
198.3

.7
.2
.5

Other contractual matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duration of contract.......................
local issues supplementing national
contract............................... ...
Unspecified.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

199
19

4.7
.4

40. 1
6.7

721.1
174.2

2-0
.5

!
I

16
164

.4
3.9

10.7
22-7

105.0
441.9

.3
1.2

!

272
86

6.4
2.0

38.6
6. 1

2.4
.4

762.4
138.9

2.1
.4

7
7

.2
.2

4.5
.5

.3
(1)

132.6
7.6

.4
(1)

57
39
42
34

1.3
.9
1-0
.8

7.3
3.8
8.5
7.9

- 2
.5
.5

146.5
132.1
174.8
29.9

.4
.4
.5
.1

3.0
1.1

388.5
28.3

4,027.3
929.1
1.0
69.1

10-9
2.5

2,431.2
28.1

6.6
.1

Union organization and security..............
Recognition (certification)................
Becognition and job or union security
issues.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Becognition and economic issues............
Strengthening bargaining position
and economic issues........................
Union security... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refusal to sign agreement..................
Other.... . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. ...

-

i

!

10

Job security..... . . . ...............................................................
Seniority and/or layoff....................
Division of work....................................... ...
Subcontracting..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mew machinery or other technological
issues....................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc. ......... .
Transfer of operations or
prefabricated goods.......................
Job security and economic issues...........
Other............ .........................

127
46
2
16

-

I
i

-

!

59.4
6.8
38.9
.4

S

I

2.5
.4
.7
1.4

j

d )

8.9

j

.5

!

19.8

.2

321.6
1.5

34
18

.8
.4

(2)
22.9
5.2

|
|
|

Plant administration ................... .
Physical facilities, surroundings, etc-- Safety measures, dangerous equipment, etc..
Supervision. ......................
Shift work........ ................. .......
Rork assignments...........................
Speedup (workload). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rork rules.................................
Overtime work.............................
Discharge and discipline...................
O t h e r .............................- ........................................................................................

506
41
45
24
21
51
19
38
53
122
92

12.0
1.0
1. 1
.6
.5
1.2
.4
.9
1.3
2.9
2.2

172.2
11.7
16.8
12.5
7. 1
30.4
4.8
9.0
12.4
48.7
18.8

Other working conditions.....................
Arbitratiob... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grievance proccdures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unspecified contract violations............

56
13

1.3

30.7
6.4

5

.1
.9

23.9

2.4
. 1

32.6
.5

.1
1.5
(1)
.7
d)
-3

-

38

Interunion or intraunion matters.............
Union rivalry j / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jurisdiction-representation
of workers 4/...........................................
Jurisdiction-work assignment...............
Union administration 5/.. ........... ....
Sympathy..............
Other ....................................

100

Mot reported.................................

13

3
3

63
1
29
1

1 Less than 0.05 percent.
2 Fewer than 50.
3 Includes disputes between unions of different affiliation, such as those of AFLCIO affiliates and independent organizations.
4 Includes disputes between unions, usually of the same affiliation, or between 2 lo­
cals o f the same union, over representation o f workers.




21

d )

.3

i
|

:

!

23.9
1.7

.4

2
9

j

.4

(D

-1
-

s

549.4
19.4

10.6
.7
1.0
.8
.4
1.9
.3
.6
.8
3.0
1-2

10,612.4
40.7
38.6
48.3
92.6
74.3
42.1
111.3
245.4
9,778.7
140.4

1.9
.4
(1)
1.5

181.8
41.3
4.9
135.6

2.0
(1)

152.3

1.2
15.6
-2
15. 1
(1)

.1
1.0
(1)
.9
(1)

41.5
48.6
.7
58.1
.1

.9

.1

8.7

1

1
I
|
I
i
!

i

d )
- 1

(1)

-2

-

1.4
.3

;

-

-

3 .3

-

1.5
.1

I
j

|
■

28.7
-1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.3

.7
26-5
.4

!
|

.5
.1
(1)
.4
.4
(1)
.1
.1
d )

-2
(1)
d )

s Includes disputes w ithin a union over the administration o f union affairs or regula­
tions.
NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal totals. Dashes
(-) denote zeros.

Table 12

Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1978

(Workers and days idle in thousands)

General wage changes

Total

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Industry group

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Supplementary benefits

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

1/*»,230

1,622.6

36,921.5

2,751

836.3

19,341.4

62

18.9

271.8

Manu facturing......................... 1/2,121

567.8

15,602.0

1,513

352.1

12,023.5

34

9.7

89.4

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco nanufactures....... ............
Textile Bill products...................

3
171
2
41

1.7
33-3

88.1
558.2
1.0
341.3

2
116
2
28

.4
21.3
.2
11.5

8.4
377.3
1.0
300.5

4
-

_
3.4
—

7.7
-

Apparel, etc. 2/.--------- ----------- Lumber and wcod products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures............. .
P a p e r and allied products...............

40

5.8

136.7

13

2.1

65.7

2

.1

1.3

69
60
102

12.5
8.9
39.6

270.9
297.2
2,177.5

46
48
81

8.2
6.8
33.4

223.2
189.0
2,003.1

1

.4

9.4

37
113

25.0
16.8

794.3
632.6

25
86

5.1
13.7

90.5
428.6

—
3

.4

—
2.0

21

6.3

88.0

18

2.0

67.3

-

89
8
133
187
360

17.1
1.6
19.7
45.2
60.0

362.0
42.8
469.1
1,377.6
1,682.7

66
3
98
119
275

10.6
13.1
23.4
43.1

252.5
37.2
357.9
930.3
1,344.3

2
2
1
7

1.0
.3
.2
.3

17.2
8.1
7.4
4.6

277

83.5

2,159.7

206

53.6

1,758.8

7

1-2

23.7

190
149
33
36

79.0
81.6
10.4
5.6

1,209.5
2,447.2
289.6
175.8

113
113 |
28
27

36.7
51.5 j
9.5
5.1

1,005.7
2,186.8
249.9
145.3

2
2
1

1.7
.4
—
.2

2.6
3.7
—
1.6

484.2

7,317.9

28

9.2

182.3

.2
38.8
124.7

2.1
330.5
1,919.2

2
5

.4
1.9

14.8
30.1

3.1
.1

116.0
3.9

All industries............ .

Printing, publishing, and allied
indus tries______ .....------------ Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries....... .....................
£utter and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products..... .
Primary metal industries............ .
Fabricated metal products 3 / .. .......
Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation eguipment................
Instruments, etc. 4/.................. .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

|

.2

14.0

21,319.5 1 1,239
i
35.4
5
21
10,260.6
2,271.8
227

.9

Nonmanufacturing...................... 1/2, 110

1,054.8

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

14
275
385

1.7
114.4
169.3

259
445

394.8
117.3

4,452.5
1,757.9

175
319

34.2
104.0

1,585.3
1,504.6

4
4

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services. ...... .. ....................
Government 6/........ .

21
232
481

7.2
56.4
193.7

133. 4
701.2
1,706.7

14
150
330

6.9
28.2
147.3

124.6
411.5
1,440.2

1
3
9

See footnotes at end of table.




22

(5)
.5
3.2

-

1.1
3.0
13.4

Table 12. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Wage adjustments

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Hours of work

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Other contractual matters

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Horkers
involved

Number

Horkers
involved

1/128

59.4

581.2

16

4.5

261.0

199

40.1

721.1

1/67

18.7

298.6

10

2.7

115.3

104

23.2

486.4

ordnance and accessories................
food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures....................
Textile mill products...................

6
2

1.5
.9

27.4
3-1

-

.6
-

9
4

.5
.2

18.5
.5

Apparel, etc. i/........................
Lumber and wcod products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products............... i

6

1. 1

6.0

-

-

6

.4

9.1

2
4

.5

I
- !
.4

6.1
1.6

1!
~

-1
*

.1
~

4
5

.2
3.0

1.6
100.4

2

.3

4.6

-

.5

1
9

.1
.6

.1
11.5

-

-

-

-

-

-!
21
3
1
_j

.1
1.3
.4

8.6
93.8
8.0

4
1
5
10
16

1.0
.2
.7
1.5
3.0

45.9
.8
4.0
14.7
82.8

-

1.4

13

3. 1

106.1

1;

2.2
—
-

10
7
— 1

-

-

.7
-

_

3.2
5.6
—
“

7.1
65.2
18.1

2 8 2 .7

6

1.7

145.8

95 |

16.9

234.6

.5
-

85.0
-

2
3 !
17

.4
6.5
1.4

13.6
48.3
8.3

1.1
.1

59.4
.6

15
26

1.3
2.6

24.6
87.3

-

2
10
20

.1
.5
4.0

.8
6.6
45.2

All industries...... .
Manufacturing...... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries---.-.......................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries....................... .
|
Lubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.............................. |
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 3/.. .......

Number

_

- i
1

-

(si

1
2
2
11
11

-

.3
.1
.4
3.4
2.3

4.4
.8
2.9
68.0
44.8 ;

4

3.6

84.8

8
6
—

2.5
1.3
—
-

13.9
30-1
—

Nonmanufacturing......................

1/61

40.7

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining ..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

23
8

9.0
1.4

7
5
_

6
12

.6 |
.6
_

21.8
7.4

19.7
13.9

1!
-

26.1
5.9

1
2

-

178.0
39.1

See footnotes at end of table.




(5)

!

Machinery, except electrical............
blectrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportaticn equipment................
Instruments, etc. 4/............-- .....
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services................................
Government 6/-__ _______________________

1
- I

Number

Horkers
involved

23

-

1
1

-

(5)
(5)

.7
-1

I

Table 12. Continued—Work stoppageiffty industry group and major issue, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Job security

Onion organization and
security

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Industry group

StOjppages
begin]aing in
y«ear

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Plant administration

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

All industries......................

J/272

38.6

762.4

127

388.5

4,027.3

506

172.2

10,612.4

flanufacturing.........................

1/100

19.7

512.3

60

39.2

1,237.1

194

75.8

612.0

Ordnance and accessories...........
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco nanufactures....................
Textile aill products...................

_
14

_
1.6

1

1.3
1.5

79.6
43.2

_
15

_
3.0

_
24.8

5

.3

14.4

1

1

1.2

22.8

Apparel, etc. £/........... .............
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products...............

6

.2 i

38.3

3

.8

7.8

4

1. 1

8.6

14.4
98.9
.2

4
3
1

.6
.3
.1

6.1
9.0
42.6

3
1
7

1.0
.2
1.5

5.0
.4
17.5

4.5
27.5

4
2

16.4
.1

656.1
149.0

5
6

1.4
-9

10.7
8.9

-

-

-

3

4.2

20.7

7
8
1

|
!

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...........................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleun refining and related
industries............................

1
4

|

-

,

Eubber and aiscellaneous plastics
products............ ............
Leather and leather products......... .
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries............. .
Fabricated aetal products 3/...........

2
1
7
8
17

Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation equipment................
Instruments, etc. 4/............ .
Hiscellaneous nanufacturing industries..

_
50.9 i

.2
1.6

(5)
I-5
.8

.1
.1
.4
4.0
1.4

3.9
.8
19.1
50.6
60.6

5

.7

25.7

4
3
2
5

3.2
3.3
.2
.1

26.6
39.2
34.2
2.6

4

2
7 !
9 |
3
11
3 I
2
-

(5)

(S)

.4
2.6
5.0
.4

2.2
47.3
52.2
4.5

8
1
9i
22 !
27

2.3 !
.3 !
1.9 !
5.0
8.8

25.5
3.3
20.3
151.2
131.2

6.6

85.2

26 |

13-3 i

54.2

-4
2.9
-

.4
51.9
-

39
13
3
1

14.1
14.e!
.7 :
.1 ;

63.0
38.3
5.5
.1

.

1/172

18.9

250.1

67

349.3

2,790.2

312

96.4

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
hining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, conaunication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

5
5
38

.6
.6
6.5

17.5
1.7
30.0

1
8
12

(5)
2.4
9.4

.1
6.3
202.9

1
173
18

-4
42.4 I
10.3

18
47

4.6
1.6

53.2
54.6

7
10

322.5
3-4

2,477.3
41.8

26
24

24.0
4.6

86.1
55.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services................................
Government £/.............. .............

1
32
26

(5)
2.2
2.8

5.0
71.2 i

1 S
8 |
20

.1
.9
10.6

.3
13. 1
48.5

1
17
52

(5)
1.5
13.1

1.4
16.1
92.7

Nonmanufacturing. ....___ _____.... —

I

See footnotes at end of table.




24

10,000.5
2.0
9,714.4
32.5

Table 12 Continued—Work stopages by industry group and major issue, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Other working conditions

Interunion or intraunion
matters

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

All industries......................
Manufacturing.........................

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

Number

Workers
involved

30.7

181.8

100

32.6

152.3

13

0.9

8.7

154.4

9

4.0

70.2

3

.1

2.9

7.9
-

“

-

“

-

*

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

- 1
2.8

2
-

1.8
-

—
~

1
”

.6
~

Nonmanufacturing___ __________........

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services................................
Government 6/..__ ......___.....--------

*9

”

~:

-

-

4
1
3
-

1.3
.1
1.3

-

3

1.4

8
2
—
2

16.0
1.1
.1

J/29

8.0

-

11
1

-

-

10.4
.9
9.0
-

4
1

.6
.1

3
9

-

32.4
“

-

-

-

-

-

—

“

-

.1
.1

.3
.1

1
1

.4
.8
-

•’ i
.9
22.1
-

1
-

1 :

(5)

91

28.6

82.1
I

.1

1.6

(5)

.6

(5)
-

.6
-

10

.7

5.8

-

-

7.6
.1

28
57

11.8
13.5

32.4
34.7

2

11.9
.1

2
2

2.8
(5)

11.2
.7

5

.3
7.5

2

.4

3.2

1
2

.3
4.9

-

-

—

“

- j

" 1
- !
1 !
2 !

1
1 j

27.4

14.4 1
- s
- 1

(5)

-

-

19.1

-:
2.1 !
(5)

-

i

86.4 i
9.8
8.2

1The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the
sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been
counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups.
} Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods;
watches and clocks.




Workers
involved

22.7

Apparel, etc. i/........... .......— ..
Lumber and wcod products, except
furniture. .......................
Furniture and fixtures..................
taper and allied products...............

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining... .. .............................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

Number

7

.4
-;
“;

Machinery, except electrical............ j
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
suppl ies. ............
Transportation equipment................
Instruments, etc. 4/-...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

1/56
1 /2

2
-

Lubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.................. .
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries.... .
Fabricated metal products 3/............ i

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco nanufactures....................
Textile mill products...................

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................

Not reported

-

.2

.2

1.5
3.0

.4

.3
.8
~

(5)

(5)

5 Fewer than 50.
‘ The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the
Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination
that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.
Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

25

Table 13. Work stoppages by major issue and size, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Major issue
Total

6
1,000
5,000
250
500
100
20
and under and under and under and under and under and under and under
500
1,000
5,000
10,000
250
20
100
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers
workers

10,000
workers
or
more

Stoppages beginning in year
All issues...........................
General wage changes...................
Supplenentary benefits.................
Wage adjustments....... ................
Hours of work..........................
Other contractual natters..............
Onion organization and security........
Job security...........................
Plant adninistration. ...................
Other working conditions...............
Interunioc or intraunion matters.......
Hot reported............. ..............

4,230

568

1,619

991

571

262

192

16

11

2,751
62
128
16
199
272
127
506
56
100
13

326
4
13
1
49
79
12
56
5
19
4

1,098
33
38
8
79
117
42
143
19
36
6

680
10
32
1
39
44
25
128
11
19
2

362
8
25
2
17
19
15
98
14
10
1

153
2
12
3
8
6
15
52
4
7

115
5
7
1
5
7
16
26
2
8
~

11
2
2
1

6
1
2
1
1
*

Workers involved
All issues.......... .................

1,622.6

7. 1

82.8

156.1

196.9

173.5

375.7

104.1

526.5

General wage changes...................
Supplementary benefits.................
Mage adjustments.......................
Hours of work...... ....................
Other contractual matters..............
Onion organization and security........
Job security...........................
Plant administration...................
Other working conditions................
Interunion or intraunion matters.......
Hot reported...........................

836.3
18.9
59.4
4.5
40. 1
38.6
388.5
172. 2
30.7
32.6
.9

4.2
.1
.2

56.8
1.6
2.1
.4
4.0
5.3
2.2
7.4
1.2
1.5
.2

107.0
1.7
5.4
.1
6.1
6.8
4.0
20.0
1.6
3. 1
.2

124.1
2.9
9.0
.9
5.7
6.0
4.6
34.1
5.5
3.7
.3

101.7
1.7
8.2
2.0
5.5
3.9
10. 1
33.2
2.4
4.9

218.8
10.9
13. 1
1.1
7.6
15.7
35.7
53.9
4.9
14.0

76.5
10.7
11.8
5.2

147.3
21.5
331.7
11.0
15.0
-

(1)
.6
1.0
.1
.7
.1
.2
.1

I ___ ___
Days idle during year
All issues............... ............

36,921.5

201.9

1,801.0

3,344.0

3,986.1

3,814.3

7,483.6

2,753.3

13,537.3

General wage changes............... .
Supplenentary benefits.................
Hage adjustments........ ...............
Hours of work........ .............. .
Other contractual matters..............
Onion organization and security........
Job security. ...........................
Plant adninistration...................
Other working conditions..... ..........
Interunion or intraunion matters........
Hot reported......... ..................

19,341.4
271.8
581.2
261.0
721. 1
762.4
4,027.3
10,612.4
181.8
152.3
8.7

114.2
3. 1
3.6
.6
13.8
42.8
7.9
11.9
.3
1. 1
2.5

1,317.0
17.0
32.8
5.0
112.8
178.2
43.7
65.9
18.8
6.2
3.7

2,598.3
43.4
73.2
9.0
114.2
217.0
70.3
180.8
25.8
10. 0
1.8

3,066.5
38.6
123.2
93.0
151.9
86.5
64.2
314.9
37.9
8.5
.7

2,908.6
30.2
77.0
94.0
134.4
126.8
118.2
235.5
11.0
78.6
“

6,064.8
139.4
99.6
59.4
114.6
111.1
680.0
171.0
10.9
32.9
~

2,630.4
79.4
28.5
14.9
“

641.6
171.8
3,043.0
9,603.9
77.1
-

1 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote' zeros.




26




Table 14. Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry
Number

All industries...........................
Manufacturing-.........................
Ordnance and accessories......... .
Guns, howitzers, mortars, and related
equipment................................
Ammunition, except for small arms..........
Tanks, and tank components.................
Sighting and fire control equipment........
Small arms.................................
Small arms ammunition......................
Ordnance and accessories not elsewhere
class!fied...............................

Mean
duration
(days) 1/

Workers
involved

Number

3/a,230

19.7

1,622.6

36,921.5

3/2, 121

31.1

567.8

15,602.0

3

77.1

1.7

88.1

_
3
-

_
77.1
-

_
1.7
-

_
88.1
-

-

-

-

-

171
31
10

21.0
34.0
16.6

33.3
5.9
.9

558.2
168.4
9.8

14
23
26
6
2
48

16.3
23.6
13.3
5.1
13.8
27.2

3.8
5.3 |
6.8
3.!
.2
5.6

20.6

1.8

25.4

Tobacco manufactures.........................
Cigarettes ............................. .
Cigars........ ....... .
Tobacco (chewing and smoking) and snuff....
Tobacco stemming and redrying.............

2
1
1

7.5

.2

1.0

'3.0
9.0

.1

.1
.9

41
3

35.0
23.1

14.0
1.7

341.3
26.4

4

57.9

3.5

143.8

2

33.4

.4

8.9

2
13

10.3
12.4

.1
1.5

.7
11.8

4
5

14.2
51.1
68.3

4.3
1.0
1.4

45.6
35.1
69.0

40

21.2

5.8

136.7

2

26.7

.2

10.3

13
12

18.8
16.6

2.4
.9

33.9
15.6

3
1
—
1
8

8.2
3.0
-

.7

4.8
.1
20.4

33.9

.1
1.5

14.0
37.6

69
2
24

29.2
6.5
31.7

12.5
1.3
6.4

270.9
5.5
144.0

25
4
14

33.7
19.7
31.4

2.9
.2
1.8

75.3
2.9
43.2

60
29
4

47.4
57.9
59.4
8.0

8.9
3.7
2.5
.5

297.2
150.0
103.2
2.9

14
4

24.9
22.9

1.5
.7

29.8
11.3

102
3
36
9

46.9
48.3
24.7

39.6
3.3
23.7
4.2

2, 177.5
308.0
1,368.4
125.2

23
30
3

57.4
36.3
10.1

5.2
2.5
.7

276.7
70.0
29.3

37
11
1

46.8
53.0
100.0

25.0
20.4
(5)

794.3
718.8
1.2

Textile mill products.................. .
j
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton............
Broadwoven fabric mills, man-made fiber
and silk..................J..............
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool including
dyeing and finishing.....................
Barrow fabrics and other saallwares mills:
cotton, wool, silk, and man-made fiber...
Knitting mills.............................
Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool
fabrics and knit goods......... .
Floor covering mills........... .
yarn and thread mills......................
Miscellaneous textile goods................
Apparel and other finished products made from
fabrics and similar materials..............
Men's, youths', and boys' suits, coats, and
overcoats................ ....... .........
Men's, youths', and boys' furnishings, work
clothing, and allied garments............
Aomen's, misses', and juniors' outerwear...
Aomen's, misses', children's, and infants'
undergarments............................
Bats, caps, and millinery..................
Girls', children's, and infants' outerwear.
Fur goods.........................
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories......
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products..
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Logging camps and logging contractors......
Sawmills and planing mills............ .
Millwork, veneer, plywood, and
prefabricated structural wood products...
Wooden containers..........................
Miscellaneous wood products................
Furniture and fixtures-.........-.--.---....
Household furniture........................
Office furniture........................... i
Cublic buildings and related furniture.....
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office
and store fixtures.......................
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures.......
Paper and allied products............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pulp mills.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P aper mills,

......................................
mills...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

except building paper

Paperboard
Converted paper and paperboard products,
except containers and boxes..............
Paperboard containers and boxes............
Building paper and building board mills...Printing, publishing, and allied industries..
newspapers: publishing and printing........
Periodicals: publishing and printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Books.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous publishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manifold business forms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greeting card publishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elankbooks, loose leaf binders and
bookbinding work. . ........... . .
Service industries for the printing trade..
Chemicals and allied
industries.............................. . . . . .
See

footnotes

at

end

of

8

i o

-

i

-

—

-

-

(5)

(5)
-

-

1
17
1
-

10.0
18.7
6.0

-

.1
3.8
(5)
-

-

5
1

31.0
8.0

113

35.0

table.

27

.31
(4)

.13

48.5
90.9
81.8
12.0
2.8
118.5

.01

-

.15

.04

-

.14

.24

1.24

.27

-

.7
59.6
.2
-

.6

13.8
.1

16.8

632.6

(5)

0.17

-

Food and kindred products................ .
Meat products..............................
Dairy products.......................
Canned and preserved fruits, vegetables,
and sea foods............ .
Grain mill products........................
Eakery products............................
Sugar.... .............. .................
Confectionery and related products.........
Beverages..................................
Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred
products.............................. .

12

Percent of
est. total
working
time 2/

. 2 3

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry

Industrial inorganic and organic chenicals.
Plastics materials and synthetic resins,
synthetic rubber, and other man-made
fibers, except glass.....................
£r ugs.... .......................
Soap, detergents, and cleaning
preparations, perfumes, cosmetics, and
other toilet preparations................
Paints, varnishes, lacguers, enamels, and
allied products............
Gum and wood chemicals.....................
Agricultural chemicals.....................
Miscellaneous chemical products......... .

Humber

Mean
duration
(days) 1/

Workers
involved

Number

26

49.1

4.2

176.5

35.8
35.1

5.4
.9

141.7
23.1

26
4

|

i
I
l
!
i
|

10

46.2

1.6

53.3

18
5
6
18

I
19.1 !
7-5
3?-5
34.7

2.3
.8
.4
1.2

28.8
4.5
20.0
184.8

17.9
9.1
52.2

6.3
4.7
1.3

88.0
36.4
48.5

Petroleum refining and related industries....
Petroleum refining...... .................. 1
\
Paving and roofing materials...... .
Miscellaneous products of petroleum and
coal..................................... j

21

fiulber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Tires and inner tubes.....................
R u b b e r footwear........................
heel aimed rubber-.-..... -....... -.......
Panricated rubber products not elsewhere
classified....................
Miscellaneous plastics products............

89
16
4

28.5
20.7 |
38.1

~
28
41

"
28.2
35.2

leather and leather products.................
Leather tanning and finishing..... ..... .
Industrial leather belting and packing.....
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.......
footwear, except rubber.................... i
leather gloves and mittens................. !
luggage.----- ---------------Handbags and other personal leather goods..
leather goods not elsewhere classified.....

^

9

12.4

5

8

15.9
9.6
38.0 !
57.0

-

6
_
1
1

!
I
i

.3

3. 1

17.1
5.3
1.7

362.0
76.1
49.5

5.3
4.8

"
102.7
133.7

1.6
1.5

42.8
16.6

.1
19.7
„ ~
2.0
.4
1-3
2.6
3.4
3.8

469.1
22.4
13.1
27.6
71.4
57.5
115.3
1-4

28.6
16.2
42.3
18. 1
39.1
22.0
31.2
136.0

31

31.1

«5)
6.2 j

Primary metal industries.....................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
and finishing mills.................. .
Iron and steel foundries...................
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals...................... ............
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals........... ......... .
Bolling, drawing, and extruding of
nonferrous metals........................
Bonferrous foundries..................
i
Miscellaneous primary metal products.......

187

30.7

45.2

1.377.6

13.8
14.2

235.8
478.3

3.6

35.9

Fabricated metal products, except ordnance.
machinery, and transportation equipment....
Metal cans.................................
Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware...
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbing fixtures.... ...........
Fabricated structural metal products.......
Screw machine products, bolts, nuts.
screws, and rivets.......................
Metal stampings............................
Coating, engraving, and allied services-..-;
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.....;
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products....!
Machinery, except electrical-------------..-.;
.Engines and turbines.......................
Farm machinery and equipment.............. j
Construction, mining, and materials
handling machinery and equipment.........!
Metalworking machinery and equipment.......
Special industry machinery, except
metalworking machinery. - ....----------- General industrial machinery and equipment.
Gffice, computing, and accounting machines.
Service industry machines.................•
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical.

1
7

27.3

.6

15.2

29
34
13

29.7
32.7
39.0

6.6
4.0
2.4

428.0
113.2
71.2

360
14
26

35.4
61.4
33.1

60.0
2.1
5.2

1,682.7
87.6
127.8

21
165

51.8
32.7

5.1
22.9

170.1
631.0

16.3
32.0
30.4 1
19.6
37.2

1.5
7.0
1.6
1.8
12.8

26.4
202.2
70.4
25.3
341.8

30.7
10.1
31.1

83.5
17.7
10. 1

2,159.7
211.1
222.9

65
38

30.4 !
33. 1

14.6
13.4

381.1
400.0

35
55
6
25
19

30.0
42.5
34.3
57.5
28.9 !

5.4
9.3
1.1
8.6
3-4

152.5
291.0
26.6
404.8
69.7

18.0
1
15.1 I
9.5
18.2
29.3

79.0

1,209.5

31
59
21
23

6.5
19.8
28.5
7.3

77.2
189.8
455.5
150.9

5
18
17

34.9
23.2
25.4

2.5
5.0
5.2

61.9
124.1
98.6

16

15.2

4.2

51.7

11
40
21
5
57
277
21
13

;

190

28

.07

.27

!

160.4

20.5 1
43.4 !
i
14.0 ;

51
52

See footnotes at end of table.




!

.19

.5
25.7

133
9
7
6
22
12
45
1

;
;

0.17

!
1

(5)

Stone, clay, and glass products..............
Fiat glass.................................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown......
Glass products, made from purchased glass..
Cement, hydraulic............ .......... .
Structural clay products...................
Pottery and related products...............
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.....
Cut stone and stone products...............
Abrasives, asbestos, and miscellaneous
nonmetallic mineral products.............

Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies...................................
Electric transmission and distribution
equipment..........................
Electrical industrial apparatus...........
Household appliances.......................
Electric lighting and wiring equipment.....
Badio and television receiving sets, except
communication types......................
Communication equipment..............
Electronic components and accessories.....
Miscellaneous electrical machinery.
equipment, and supplies......--....-...-.

Percent of
est. total
working
tine 2 J

1

*46

.41

.37

.25




Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Days idle d uring year
(all staippages)

Stoppacjes beginning i.n year

Industry

Transportation equipment..... .. ...-------Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment.
Aircraft and parts.........................
Ship and boatbuilding and repairing........
Eailroad equipment.........................
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts...........
Miscellaneous transportation equipment.....
Professional, scientific, and controlling
instruments; photographic and optical
goods; watches and clocks............. .
Engineering, laboratory, and scientific and
research instruments and associated
equipment...............................
Instruments for measuring, controlling, and j
indicating physical characteristics....... !
Optical instruments and lenses............. !
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments
and supplies........................... .
Ophthalimic goods..........................
Photographic equipment and supplies........
Batches, clocks, clockwork operated devices
and parts................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware......
Musical instruments................ .
.!
Toys, amusement, sporting and athletic
goods....................................
Pens, pencils, and other office and
artists* materials................... .
Costume jewelry, costume novelties,
buttons, and miscellaneous notions.
except precious metals................... i
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.....
!
Monmanufacturing.............. .

Percent of
est. total
working
tine 2/

Mean
duration
(days) 1/

Workers
involved

Number

81.6
47.8
12.6
11.9
6.3
1.8
1.2

2,447.2
892.9
741.2
336.7
442.4
9.2
24.6

0.50

9
2
10

33.8
27.5
78.8
24.1
13.9
7.2
28.7

33

37.2

10.4

289.6

.18

Number

149
87

17
24

3

13.8

.4

29.7

14

38.3

6.8
~

171.7

6
3
4

41.5
19.1
42.6

!
1.1 !
.4 I
.9

36.7
9.4
24.7

31.8

.8

17.5

41.3
35.2
29.1

5.6
.4
-5

175.8
10.3
29.5

10

68.6

1.5

47.9

3

57.0

.1

3.9

4

47.6
26.9

1.3
1.7

43-8
40.4

!

3

36
2
3

.15

3/2,110

13.9

1,054.8

21,319.5

.13

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries........Agricultural production..................
Agricultural services and hunting and
trapping-................................
forestry............................... .
fisher ies..................................

14
11

26.0
26.7

1.7
1.6

35.4
34.6

.01

3
~

12.0
-

.1
~

Mining......................................
Metal mining............... ...............
Iron ores___ ....---------------------- Copper ores..............................
bead and zinc ores.......................
Gold and silver ores.....................
Bauxite and aluminum ores................
Ferroalloy ores except vanadium..........
Metal mining services........... .
Miscellaneous metal ores.................
Anthracite mining..........................
Bituminous coal and lignite................
Crude petroleum and natural gas...........
Crude petroleum and natural gas..........
Matural gas liquids................... .
Oil and gas field services...............
Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic
minerals, except fuels....
Dimension stone................... .
Crushed and broken stone.
including riprap.......................
Sand and gravel..........................
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals...
Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining...
Monmetallic minerals (except fuels)
services...............................
Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals.
except fuels...... .....................

275
9
3
3
1
2
250
1
1

5.5
30.7
—
18.0
70.0
25.0
19.9
4.2
136.0
136.0
-

114.4
3.9
1.2
1.6
.3
—
.9
108.3
-1
.1
-

10,260.6
251.5
—
. 25.3
192.1
4.5
15.4
14.1
9,946.4
10.3
10.3
-

15

31.5

2.2

52.4

"
3
5
5

"
16.8
41.9
34.6

*
•3
.2 j
1.5 j

3.4
6.3
3.4
36.4

2

22.4

.2

2-9

Contract construction........................

385

19.3

169.3

2,271.8

259
5
5

13.4
9.0
9.0

394.8
322.0 i
322.0!

4,452.5
2,433.4
2,433.4

Transportation, communication, electric, gas.
and sanitary services......................
Eailroad transportation....................
Eailroa ds-..............
Sleeping car and other passenger car
service........ .
Bailway express service.... .............
Local and suburban transit and interurban
highway passenger transportation.........
Local and suburban passenger
trans pcrta tion.........................
Taxi cabs.................................
'
Intercity and rural highway passenger
transportation. .................
Passenger transportation charter service.
School buses..................... .......
Terminal and service facilities for motor
vehicle passenger transportation.......!
Motor freight transportation and
warehousing..............................
Trucking, local and long distance........
Public warehousing.......................
Terminal and joint terminal maintenance
facilities for motor freight
transportation.......................... j

j

*7

1
j
!
4.89

!

~
31.7
29
9
7

i
|

8
2
3

!
[

127
103

1

23
1

1

See footnotes at end of table.

29

20.7
52.0

~
|
i

3.5 !
!
1.2 j
i-o 1

114. 1

.8 1
.4
.2

25.0
3.0
4.9

29.5
12.3
39.1
"
31.9
32.1
29.4
41.0

~

13.7
12.1
1.5
(5)

40.1
41.1

'
585.7
550.6
34.5
.6

I

.21
.37

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry group
Humber

Mean
duration
(days) 1/

Workers
involved

Humber

Hater transportation......................
Deep sea foreign transportation.........
Deep sea domestic transportation.........
Great Lakes-St. Laurence Seaway
transportation.........................
Transportation on risers and canals......
Local water transportation...............
Services incidental to water
transportation.........................
Transportation by air......................
Air transportation, certificated
carriers...............................
Air transportation, noncertificated
carriers......... .....................j
Fixed facilities and services related to
air transportation.....................
Pipe line transportation...................
Transportation services........... ........
Freight forwarding........... .
Arrangement of transportation............
Stock yards............ .
Dental of railroad cars..................
Miscellaneous services incidental to
transportation. ..................
Communication..............................
Telephone communication (wire or radio)..
Telegraph communication (wire or radio)..
Badio broadcasting and television........
Communication service, not elsewhere
classified.............................
Electric, gas, and sanitary services.......
Electric companies and systems...........
Gas companies and systems................ |
Combination companies and systems........ j
Hater supply.............................
Sanitary services........................
Steam supply............................. |
Irrigation systems................. .

15
1
2

3.8
1.0
1.0

16.0
11.0
.1

46.7
11.0
.1

1
4

29.0
7.3

.3

.9
1.3

7
7

10. 1
57.3

4.6
16.0

33.4
636.3

3

57.5

15.8

1

23.0

3
11
1
1
1
1

48.0
58.9
15.0
9.0
41.0
15.0

i

7
21
10
3

80.4
19.7
15.8
21.8

|

8
44
25
8
2
2
7

59.3
67.0
76.6
42.8
5.8
40.9
7.3
~

1.2
8.7
6.9
1.1 1
.3
(5)
.4
-

Wholesale and retail trade...................
Hholesale trade............................
Motor vehicle and automotive equipment...
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products....
Piece goods, notions, apparel............
Groceries and related products...........
Farm products-raw materials..............
Electrical goods.........................
Hardware, and plumbing and heating
equipment and supplies.................
Machinery, equipment, and supplies.......
Miscellaneous wholesalers................
Detail trade...............................
Building materials, hardware, and farm
equipment dealers......................
Lumber and other building material
dealers..............................
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
eguipment dealers....................
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores.....
Electrical supply stores...............
Hardware and farm equipment Dealers.-- !
General merchandise stores...............
Department stores......................
Mail order houses......................
Variety stores.........................
Merchandising machine operators........
Direct selling establishments...... .
Miscellaneous general merchandise
stores.. ....................
Food stores..............................
Grocery stores.........................
Meat and fish (sea food) markets.......
Fruit stores and vegetable markets..... I
Candy, nuts, and confectionery stores..
Dairy products stores..................
Betail bakeries........................
Miscellaneous food stores..............
Automotive dealers and gasoline service
stations...............................
Motor vehicle dealers (new and used
cars)................................
Motor vehicle dealers (used cars only).
Tire, battery, and accessory dealers...
Gasoline service stations..............
Miscellaneous aircraft, marine, and
automotive dealers...................
Apparel and accessory stores.............
Men's and boys' clothing.and
furnishings stores...................
Homen's ready-to-wear stores...........
Homen's accessory and specialty stores.
Children's and infants' wear stores....
Family clothing stores.................
Shoe stores............................
Custom tailors..................... .
Furrier and fur shops.................
Miscellaneous apparel and accessory
stores...................... .........
Furniture, home furnishings, and
equipment stores.......................
Furniture, hone furnishings, and
equipment stores, except appliances..
Household appliance stores.............
Hadio, television, and music stores....

445
279
26
12
9
62
16
14

18.0
31.7
19.7
33. 1
67.2
62.2 !
36.4
5.0

117.3
33.2
1.8
2.9
.2
7.7
.9
5.7

1,757.9
819.7
26.3
68.1
7.8
336.7
23.8
16. 1

629.0

I

I
.7
<5)
.2
.8
(5)
(5)

I

-1
(5)
.6
14. 1
12.7
.1

6.6
34.9
.4
.2
2.8
.4
31.1
194.8
142.1
3.3
49.5
406.5
362. 1
39.8
1.1
1.2
2.3

105.1
29.5
17.7
12.7

.9
3.5
9.7
84. 1

64.7
132.4
143.8
938.2

22

34.3

1.3

31.2

17

34.7

1. 1

27.5

4
-

43.9
19.0
59.6
70.0
27.4
-

.1
.1
2.0
1.4
.6
-

.1
2.7
.9
80.5
64.8
12.3
-

142.0
8.8
8.8
17.5
1.0
58.1
-

(5)
67.7
67. 1
.1
.4
.1
-

3.4
535.6
524.9
1.2
.4
9. 1
-

1

14
7
6
1
33
28
2
1
2
44

20.0 I

7.5

163.6

38
4
2

19.8
60.7
6.3

7.3
.1
(5)

160.5
2.9
.2

6

26.3

2.4

43.2

42.0
11.0
i-o
9.0

1.3
.3
.1
.1
.6
-

37.5
2.1
.1
.4
3.2
-

1
1
1
1
2
-

!
|

7. 1
-

-

—

-

-

8

73.9

.4

18.4

6
2
-

74.5
50.0
“

.3

17.6
.8
“

30

|

~

12
51
77
167

See footnotes at end of table.




(5)

Percent of
est. total
working
time 2/

(5)
-

0.04

.03




Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Stoppages beginning in year

Industry

fating and drinking places...............
Biscellaneous retail stores..............
Crag stores and proprietary stores.....
liquor stores..........................
Antigue stores and secondhand stores...
Book and stationery stores.. . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods stores and bicycle
shops.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farn and garden supply stores..........
Jewelry stores.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel and ice dealers................ ...
fietail stores, not elsewhere
classified...........................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.. . . . . . . . .
Banking..................... ..............
Federal reserve banks....................
Commercial and stock savings banks.......
Butual savings banks.....................
Trust companies not engaged in deposit
banking................................
Establishments performing functions
closely related to banking.............
Credit agencies other than banks...........
Bediscount and financing institutions for
credit agencies other than banks....... |
Savings and loan associations............ j
Agricultural credit institutions.........
feronal credit institutions..............
Business credit institutions.............
Loan correspondents and brokers..........
Security and coaaodity brokers, dealers,
exchanges, and services..................
Security brokers dealers, and flotation
coopanies..............................
Coaaodity contracts brokers and dealers..
Security and coaaodity exchanges.........
Services allied with the exchange of
securities or coaaodities.............. !
Insurance carriers...........
|
Life insurance........................... i
Accident and health insurance............
Fire, narine and casualty insurance......
Surety insurance.........................
litle insurance........ .............. .
Insurance carriers, not elsewhere
classified.............................
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.....
Seal 'estate__ .............................
Beal estate operators (except developers)
and lessors............................
Agents, brokers, and aanagers...........
litle abstract companies.................
Subdividers and developers...............
Operative builders..................
Combinations of real estate, insurance,
loans, law offices.......................
Bolding and other investment coapanies.....
Bolding companies........................
In vestment coapanies.....................
irusts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biscellaneous investing institutions.....
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Botels, rooming houses, caaps, and other
lodging places.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Botels, tourist courts, and motels.......
Booaing and boarding houses..............
Trailer parks and caaps..................
Organization hotels and lodging houses,
on membership basis....................
Personal ser vice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laundries, laundry services, and cleaning
and dyeing plants.................*....
Photographic studios, including
comaercial photography.................
Beauty shops...... ..................
Barber shops............. .
Shoe repair shops, shoe shine parlors,
and hat cleaning shops.................
Funeral services and crematories.........
Garment pressing, alteration, and repair.
Biscellaneous personal services..........
Biscellaneous business services............
Advertising..............................
Consumer credit reporting agencies,
mercantile reporting agencies, and
adjustsent and collection agencies.....
Duplicating addressing, blueprinting,
photocopying mailing list, and
stenographic services..................
Services to dwellings and other buildings
hews syndicates..........................
Private employment agencies..............
Business services, not elsewhere
classified.............................
Automobile repair, automobile services and
garages..................................
Autoaobile rentals, without drivers......
Autoaobile parking.......................
Autoaobile repair shops.................
Automobile services, except repair.......
Biscellaneous repair services.........................................
Electrical repair shops..................................................

Number

Bean
duration
(days) 1/

16
24
5
1
2
1

24.2
30.7
22.7
65.0
35.3
7.0

1
4

5.0
52.3

-

1.4
1.5

32.5
33.3
14.6
1.7
2.1
2.4

.9

(5)
.1
(5)
(5)
.1
-

-

6.0

75.8

(5)

25.5
17.0

7.2
(5)

133.4
2.8
1.3
1.5

3
21
2

-

17.0

2.7

-

(5)

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

1

_

61.0

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

.8
-

61.0

(5)

-

_

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

—

—
-

—
-

-

-

5
4

_

_

_

27.5
27.5

5.8
5.7

115.0
111.3
3.7

—

1
-

—

—

10.0

—

.1

(5)

-

-

—

11

21.8

.9

12.9

4
4

43.3
12.3

.2
.6

8.8
3.7

-

3
-

-

18.3

-

1
1
1

4.0
1.0
1.0

—
-

—

-

.4

(5)
-

-

.4
.1
. 1
-

-

-

1.6
.3
.1
-

.2
“

232

15.9

56.4

701.2

8
6
2

27.4
29.7
8.0

.7
.6
. 1

13.4
13.0
.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

15

13.3

1.2

13.9

13

12.4

1.2

12.8

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

“
-

-

-

-

-

2
49
5

50.3
29.8
42.6

(5)
25.2
21.8

1.1
290.3
180.3

13
2
1

56.0
13.7
67.0

1.1
.1
(5)

3.3
31.8
26.1
.9

28

19.2

2.2

48.0

19
7
10
2
18

37.8
22.9

1.2
-3

29.7
4.4

4

See footnotes at end of table.

31

-

47.5
17.4
18.7
5.9

0.01

.8

(5)

-

1
-

Percent of
est. total
working
time 2/

.1
3.6

.2

47.5

2

Nuaber

-

7

-

Horkers
involved

-

.8
.1
1.0
.1

-

23.7
1.6
13.8
.3

.02

Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages beginning in year

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Industry

Kuaber

Mean
duration
(days) 1/

-

-

1

-

Horkers
involved
-

Nunber

-

Hatch, clock, and jewelry repair........
Peupholstery and furniture repair........
Miscellaneous repair shops and related
services...............................
notion pictures............................
Anuseaent and recreation services, except
notion pictures..........................
Medical and other health services..........
legal services.............................
Educational services.......................
Museuns, art galleries, botanical and
zoological gardens.......................
Monprofit neabership organizations.........
Private households.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous services.....................

13
6

19.8
18.9

0.9
.4

12.4
5.2

12
62
1
21

12.4
13.1
64.0
8.6

1.8
19.5
.1
3.5

20.7
267.3
2.5
21.0

2
16
3

12.4
17.4
24.7

.1
1.5
.2

.5
18.8
4.1

overnaent
---- ..... — --- Federal........ ............................
State......................................
County.....................................
City.... .................. ................
Special district...........................

481
1
45
67
262
106

12.0
7.8
14.4
15.2
11.4
12.0

193.7
4.8
17.9
16. 1
124.4
30.5

1,706.7
27.8
180.2
185.6
1,047.5
265.7

(5)

Percent of
est. total
working
tiae 2/

1.1

0.04

' Mean duration is calculated only for stoppages ending in the year, and is of calculating percent of estimated working time,
weighted by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the workers involved.
5 Fewer than 50.
*See footnote 3, table 1.
‘ The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall
3
The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constinot equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two tute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any
or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have law or public policy,
been allocated among the respective groups.
‘ Because of a change in the Standard Industrial Classification for this industry
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,
in 1978, the idleness has been apportioned among other industries for the purpose Dashes (-) denote zeros.




32

Table 15. Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Total

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Professional and technical

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

All industries...................... 1/4,230

1,622.6

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2,121

567.8

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

36,921.5

203

96.3

15,602.0

3

.1

Clerical

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

1,574.6

36

2.8

35.3

4.4

9

.6

5.0

_

_

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures....................
Textile Bill products..... .

3
171
2
41

1.7
33.3
.2
14.0

88.1
558.2
1.0
341.3

_

_

_

-

-

-

1
1

-

*

Apparel, etc.
.
lumber and wood products, except
furniture.................... .... .....
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products...............

40

5.8

136.7

-

-

-

1

69
60
102

12.5
8.9
39.6

270.9
297.2
2,177.5

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

1

37
113

25.0
16.8

794.3
632.6

-

-

-

1

21

6.3

88.0

-

-

-

-

89
8
133
187
360

17.1
1.6
19.7
45.2
60.0

362.0
42.8
469.1
1,377.6
1,682.7

1
1

-

.1
.1

1
-

“

~

277

83.5

2,159.7

-

-

-

-

-

190
149
33
36

79.0
81.6
10.4
5.6

1,209.5
2,447.2
289.6
175.8

_

_

_

-

4.2

1
2
-

.1
-

.1
1.2
-

*

-

-

1/2,110

1,054.8

21,319.5

200

96.3

1,570.2

27

2.1

30.3

Printing, publishing, and allied
indu stries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................
fiubber and niscellaneous plastics
prod ucts..............................
leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 4/...........
Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies............................. .
Transportaticn eguipment................
instruments, etc. 5/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Monmanufacturing..... ................

1

(2)
(2)
-

(2)

.1

.1
.1

.3

1.0

(2)

*

_

_

-

-

.1

1.5

—

.8

(2)

—
.1
-

(2)

—
.3
-

"

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication,
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............

14
275
385

1.7
114.4
169.3

35.4
10,260.6
2,271.8

-

-

-

-

—

-

259
445

394.8
117.3

4,452-5
1,757.9

2
3

8.1
.3

616.7
2.9

3
2

.4
.2

3.5
10.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services................................
Government j 6 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21
232
481

7.2
56.4
193.7

133.4
701.2
1,706.7

-

-

-

34
161

25.8
62.0

229.1
721.5

3
10
10

.1
.8
.6

7.1
5.4
3.9

See footnotes at end of table.




33

-

Table 15. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Protective

Production and maintenance

Sales

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Number

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

1/36

14.0

235.8

3,484

937.6

29,580.0

51

10.0

58.6

Manufacturing.........................

1/7

.5

15.5

2,030

530.1

14,613.5

2

.9

19.4

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco aanufactures....................
Textile aill products...................

-

-

7
-

.5
-

15.5
-

3
149
1
40

1.7
29.1
.1
13.8

88. 1
496.5
.9
332.8

-

-

-

~

“

~

Apparel, etc.
.
Luaber and vcod products, except
furniture....................... .
Furniture and fixtures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and allied products...............

-

-

-

38

5.6

135.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

69
60
99

12.5
8.9
39.3

270.9 |
297.2 S
2,175.6 |

-

-

-

27
106

15. 1
16.1

690.2
615.2 ;

"

All industcies......... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries..... ............ ...........
Cheaicals and allied products...........
Petroleua refining and related
industries .--- .....--------------- ...
fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.... .
Priaary aetal industries............ ....
Fabricated aetal products 4/.-- ........
Machinery, except electrical............
.Electrical aachinery, eguipaent, and
supplies. .................
Iransportation eguipaent................
instruments, etc. 5/.... -..............
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Nonmanufacturing- ...____ ______.......
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Iransportation, coaaunication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............
Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services....... .
Government 6 / - - - - - - - - —
. . . . —
-- --------------- -----------

~

-

-

-

~

- j

-

~
~

~

-

~

21

6.3

88.0

- !
-

- I

—
-

88
8 i
126 |
184 j
350

17. 1
1.6
18.6
44.1
55.1

361.5
42.8
462.5
1,342.1
1,649.7

-

-

-

270

80.7

2,082.0

-

-

- i
- !

-

~

183
138 I
32
36

76.5
72. 1
10.4
5.6

1,169.6
1,851.6
285.4
175.8

1
-

-

J/29

13.4

223.3

1,454

407.5

14,966.5

49

-

-

-

-

“

35.3
10,260.4
2,271.8

-

- |
“ i

1.7
114.4
169.3

-

-

13
274
384

-

-

~

1.3
108.5

188
336

36. 1
42.6

847.2
1,115.6

“

4 i
21
3
1

.1
7.6
5.7
(2)

110.2
.3

-

~

See footnotes at end of table.




-

34

10
103
146

1.2
8.6
33.7

12.6
165.5
258.2

~

—
1

.9

(2)

—

19.4

(2)

-

-

9.1

39.2

-

-

-

“

_

_

-

.1

2.5
36.7

4
45

9.0




Table 15. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Service

Industry

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Combinations

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days idle
during year
(all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

ill industries-.....................

1/148

24.7

348.3

272

537.2

5*088.9

Manufacturing-........................

1/11

.6

14.3

59

34.9

929.8

Ordnance and accessories......... .
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures....................
lextile sill products...................

2

.7

12

3.5

45.4

Apparel* etc. 3/___ ....______________ _
Lumber and vood products* except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products...............

-

Printing* publishing* and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................

_

Bubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
leather and leather products............
Stone* clay* and glass products.........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products j*/............ I
Machinery* except electrical............
llectrical machinery* eguipment* and
supplies........... ...................
Transportation eguipment................
Instruments* etc. 5/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

8.5

.2

-

-

:
1

:
.7

(2)

-

_

1

.1
-

(2)

1
1

.1

_

_
1/137
1
1
“

10
4

9.9
.7

104.1
16.6

-

_

.5

.8
1.1
3.9

.9

6

2.8

76.8

2.6
9.3

39.9
592.1

502.3

4*159.1

_

333.9

214

.1
.3

~

_

3
2
7

24.1

.2
12.9

~

1The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division
may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages
occurring in two or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved
and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups.
2 Fewer than 50.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic

.4

2.2

7.4
3.6

5
39

.2

.1

(2)
(2)

33
58

.9

2

6
6

2

Monmanufacturing......................

(2)

.5

(2)

3

Agriculture, forestry* and fisheries-.-.
Mining..................................
Contract construction...................
Transportation* communication*
electric* gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............
Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services...............................
Government 6/...........................1

(2)

1

76.7
142.3
3.5
111.1
-

1
29
25

_
41
119

5.4
35,3
13.0

-

(2)

-

(2)

342.7
63.0

_
8.2
88.4

2*907.1
378.1

_
187.5
686.4

and optical goods; watches and clocks.
6
The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed
to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does
not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in
violation of any law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeros.

35

Table 16. Work stoppages by major issue and level of government, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

1
Major issue
Total

Federal

County

State

City

Special
district

Stoppages beginning in year
All Issues........................
General wage changes....................
Supplementary benefits..................
Nage adjustments........................
Hours of work........... ..............
Other contractual matters...............
Union organization and security.........
Jot security............................
Plant administration....................
Other working conditions................
Interunion or intraunion matters........
Not reported............................

481

1

45

67

262

106

33 0
9
12
1
20
26
20
52
9
2
~

-

30
1
2
1
2
8
1
~

49
2
4
3
2
7
“

168
5
6
1
10
19
13
31
8
1

83
3
2
6
3
2
6
1
-

1
~

Horkers involved
All Issues............................

193.7

4.8

17.9

16.1

124.4

30.5

General wage changes.... .
Supplementary benefits..................
Nage adjustments........................
Hours of work...........................
Other contractual matters...............
Union organization and security.........
Job security. ...........................
Plant administration...........
Other working conditions....... .
Interunion or intraunion natters........
Not reported............................

147.3
3.2
7.4
(1)
4.0
2.8
10.6
13.1
4.9
.4

4.8
-

15.0
.8
.6
(1)
.6
.7
.3

12.4
.7
1.4
.4
.1
1. 1
-

97.8
2.2
2.6
(1)
1.5
2.1
4.5
8.6
4.9
.2

22.1
.2
3.5
1. 1
.3
.6
2.7
(1)
'

Days idle during year
All issues...........................

1,706.7

27.8

180.2

185.6

1,047.5

265.7

General wage changes....................
Supplementary benefits.... ....
Nage adjustments........................
Hours of work.............. .
Other contractual natters...............
Union organization and security.........
Job security............................
Plant administration....................
Other working conditions................
Interunion or intraunion natters........
Not reported............................

1,440.2
13.4
39.1
.1
45.2
16.9
48.5
92.7
7.5
3.2

27.8
~

167.5
7.5
.9

144.0
1.6
32.9
.5
.2
6.3
-

917.3
5.4
19.1
.1
9.4
15.5
16.6
53.9
7.4
2.9
~

21 1.4
.5
17.5
2.9
.7
2.4
30.2
.1
-

1 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeroes.




36

-

.2
1.5
2.2
.3
~




Table 17. Work stoppages in government by major issue and union participation,
19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Onion participation
Hajor issue

Total

Called
or
supported
strike

Did not
call or
support
strike

No
information

Stoppages beginning in year
All issues............................

481

384

58

39

General wage changes................ .
Supplementary benefits..................
Nage adjustments........................
Hours of work.................... .......
Other contractual matters...............
Onion organization and security.........
Job security............................
Plant administration..... .
Other working conditions.... .
Interunion or intraunion matters........
Net reported............................

330
9
12
1
20
26
20
52
9
2

275
8
8

31

24
1
2

-

2
1
1
1
7
14

—

17
21
12
33
9
1
~

—

2
4
1
5

-

1
“

-

-

Workers involved
All issues......... ..................

193.7

174.8

14.7

4.2

General wage changes....................
Supplementary benefits.-................
Wage adjustments........................
Hours of work...........................
Other contractual matters...............
Union organization and security.........
Job security......................... .
Plant administration....................
Other working conditions................
Interunion or intraunion matters........
Not reported............................

147.3
3.2
7.4
(2)
4.0
2.8
10.6
13.1
4.9
.4

143.0
3.1
3.1
3.5
2.2
3.6
11.0
4.9
.3

2.2

2.1
(2)
.5
.3
.5
.2
.4

~

-

3.8
(2)
.1
(2)
6.8
1.7
-

-

.2
~

Days idle during year
, 1,706.7

1,603.4

69.4

33.9

1,440.2
General wage changes....................
13.4
Supplementary benefits..................
39.1
Wage adjustments..............
.1
Hours of work...........................
Other contractual matters...............
45.2
16.9
Union organization and security......... |
Job security............................ I
48.5
92.7
Plant administration....... .
|
Other working conditions................
7.5
Interunion or intraunion matters........
3.2
Not reported............................

1,404.5
13.4
20.3
44.6
13.9
15.6
83.2
7.5
.3

9.2
17.8
.1
.1
(2)
31.7
7.6

26.5
(2)
.9
.4
3.0
1.2
1.9

All issues....... .

1 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes,
been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work
stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination
that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law
or public policy.

-

-

2.9
!

1Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not
equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros.

37

Table 18. Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Occupation
Total

Federal

State

County

City

Special
district

Stoppages beginning in year
All occupations............ ........ .. .

481

1

45

67

262

106

Teachers...... ......................
Nurses. ................................
Teachers and other professional and
technical...........................
Professional and technical..............
Other professional or technical.........
Clerical............. .................
Sales.................... .............
Sanitation workers.............. ......
Craft workers............. .............
Coatination of blue-collar workers......
Blue-collar and manual...... ..... .
Police................... .............
Firefighters ........... ............ .
Police and firefighters.................
Other combinations of protective.......
Other protective..... .................
Service workers..... ..................
Professional, technical, and clerical...
Clerical and blue-collar...............
Prcfessional, technical,and blue-collar.
Sales and blue-collar...... ............
Protective and blue-collar.... .
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar.
Sales and clerical........ ............
Sales, blue-collar, and clerical.......
Service and blue-collar................

125
9

-

14
2

14
6

47
-

50
1

16
3
8
10
9
3
8
126
21
15
4
5
16
25
31
2
12
33
~

1
-

3
3
1
9
1
3
2
3
2
2
~

2
1
5
2
1
1
14
3
1
5
4
3
2
3
-

8
1
3
8
3
5
80
17
15
4
1
8
17
14
2
10
19
-

3
1
5
1
22
1
1
12
9
'

Workers involved
All occupations.......................

193.7

4.8

17.9

16. 1

124.4

30.5

Teachers.....__ ........ ..............
Nurses......... ......................
Teachers and other professional and
technical............. .............
Professional and technical.............
Other professional or technical.........
Clerical................................
Sales........ .........................
Sanitation workers. ...........
Craft workers................. ........
Combination of blue-collar workers.....
Blue-collar and manual..................
Police.......... .......................
Firefighters ...........................
Police and firefighters................
Other combinations of protective.......
Other protective.......................
Service workers........................
Professional, technical, and clerical...
Clerical and blue-collar...............
Professional, technical, and blue-collar.
Sales and blue-collar.... .............
Protective and blue-collar............
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar.
Sales and clerical.....................
Sales, b l u e - c o l l a r , a n d c l e r i c a l . .... .
Service and blue-collar.......... .....

50.1
1.0

-

4.8
.1

4.9
.8

24.3
-

16.0
.1

9.6
.6
.8
.6
.8
1.2
1. 1
30.6
3. 1
4.8
.5
.6
22.9
8.6
28.4
.3
4.9
23.3
-

4.8
-

1.9
.4
.3
3.6
.3
.4
.3
.9
.3
4.6
“

3.1
.1
.4
.1
.1
-

4.0
.1
.3
.7
1.2
.5
14.8
2.5
4. 8
.5
-

.6
.4
.2
.3
5.2
.5
.2
4.1
3.0
-

See footnotes at end of table.




38

(2)

2.3
.4
.1
.2
1.7
.7
.6
.5

~

(2)

21.9
5.8
23.3
.3
4.2
15.2
~

Table 18. Continued—Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Total

Federal

State

County

City

Special
district

Occupation

Days idle during year
111 occupations........... ..........
Teachers. ..............................
Nurses........ .........................
Teachers and other professional and
technical.........................
Professional and technical.............
Other professional or technical.... .
Clerical........... ....................
Sales..................................
Sanitation workers......................
Craft workers..........................
Combination of blue-collar workers......
Blue-collar and manual.......... .......
Police...... ..........................
Firefighters ..........................
Police and firefighters..... ..........
Other combinations of protective.......
Other protective.......... .............
Service workers......... ...............
Professional, technical, and clerical...
Clerical and blue-collar................
Professional, technical,and blue-collar.
Sales and blue-collar...................
Protective and blue-collar........ .
Professional, clerical, and blue-collar.
Sales and clerical.....................
Sales, blue-collar, and clerical........
Service and blue-collar..... .

1,706.7

150.2
8.8
2.2
3.9
2.5
3.1
2.4
250.3
5.9
25.7
3.5
1.6
92.6
47.1
250.2
3.5
25.7
267.3
“

1The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall
within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute
a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law
or public policy.




27.8
-

554.5
5.8

27.8
—
—
~

180.2

185.6

1,047.5

265.7

25.9
.5

31.4
4.9

343.9
“

153.3
.5

38.9
.6
.3
62.5
.6
.9
1.5
8.0
.3
40. 1
“

70.6
.1
1.7
1.5
.1
(2)
39.9
.6
.4
3.0
5.3
10.6
12.3
3.2
“

36.3
7.9
1.1
2.4
3. 1
1.7
94.6
4.7
25.7
3.5
.3
80.3
33.6
205.3
3.5
13.5
186.2
"

4.5
.8
1.2
.3
25.5
7.7
.2
34.0
37.7
“

2 Few than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeros.

39

Table 19. Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Level and function

Protective

Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical

Other

Clerical

Total

Sanita­ Crafts Other
tion

Teachers Nurses Other

Police

Fire

Police Other
and fire

Stoppages beginning in year
2/481

125

9

27

10

9

3

134

21

15

4

5

119

Administrative services..... .
Helfare services........ ........
Lav enforcement and correction...
Fire protection.................
Sanitation services.............
Education...... .................
Streets and highways............
Parks and recreation.......... .
Libraries.. ......................
11use urns..... ..... .............
Hospitals and health services....
Transportation and allied facil..
Other utilities.................
Other. ...........................
Combinations.....................

9
7
28
18
34
264
13
1
18
20
8
10
57

124
1
1

9
“

2
18
5
1
1

2
1
7
~

8
1

1
1
1
-

1
19
39
13
1
16
5
7

20
1
~

1
15
~

4

4
1
“

5
4
3
3
5
75
3
4
2
2
17

Federal. ................ .........
Administrative services........
Helfare services.... ..........
Lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection...............
Sanitation services.......... .
Education............. ........
Streets and highvays..........
Parks and recreation...........
Libraries..........
Museums........................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other...... ...................
Combinations..................

1
1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-•
_

-

-

-

-

-

State...........................
Administrative services........
Helfare services.... ..........
lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection........ .
Sanitation services...........
Education......................
Streets and highvays....... .
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries. .....................
Museums......... ..............
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other.... ........ .............
Combinations...................

45
2
4
29
6
2
1
1

14
14
-

2
2
-

6
1
3
2

-

-

-

10
6
2
1
1

1
1
-

-

-

3
3
-

-

9
1
6
2
-

Co unty..... .....................
Administrative services.......
Helfare services........... .
Lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection........... .
Sanitation services.... .......
Education........ .............
Streets and highvays..........
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries ................
Museums......... ..............
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities................
Other.................
Combinations........

67
3
4
4
1
26
6
8
2
3
1
9

14
14
-

6
-

8
1
3
2
1
1

2
1
1
*

1
-

-

15
1
2
6
2
2
2

3
3
-

-

-

1
1
-

17
2
3
6
1
5

City............ ...............
Administrative services........
Helfare services...... ........
Lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection.......... .
Sanitation services...........
Education........ ..........
Streets and highvays........ .
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries......................
Museums........................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other.........................
Combinations...................

262
6
1
20
18
32
108
7
1
3
13
5
7
47

47
46
1
1

9
8
1
-

3
1
1
1
-

3
1
1
1
-

85
1
17
12
7
1
9
3
5
30

17
16
1
-

15
1
15
-

4
4

1
1
-

70
3
3
3
5
40
1
4
1
2
12

All functions......... -......

i
-

I
;
i
|
6
_
*

*

See footnotes at end of table.




40

|
1
8
8
*

!
-

33
1
1

'

!

Table 19. Continued-W ork stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

level and function

Protective

Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical

Other

Clerical

Total

Police

Sanita­ Crafts Other
tion

Teachers Nurses Other

Fire

Police Other
and fire

Stoppages beginning in year - Continued
Special district................
Administrative services.......
Nelfare services............ .
Lav enforcement and correction.
fire protection...............
Sanitation services............
.Education ......................
Streets and highways.... .
Parks and recreation...........
libraries........ .............
Museums.....................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities....... .
Other........... ..............
Combinations...........

106
1
101
1
3
-

1
-

50
50
-

4
—
4
-

1
~

_
~

5
5
~

_
-

23
1
19
3
~

~

_
“

_
”

-

23
23
~
-

'

'

Workers involved
193.7

50.1

1.0

11.0

0.6

0.8

1.2

31.7

3.1

4.8

0.5

0.6

88.4

Administrative services.........
Welfare services......... .......
lav enforcement and correction...
Fire protection...... .
Sanitation services...... .
.Education.. . ...... ........... .
Streets and highways....... .
Parks and recreation.............
libraries..... ..................
Museums............. ............
Hospitals and health services....
Transportation and allied facil..
Other utilities............. .
Other...... ............. .......
Combinations..... ...............

.9
.6
4.8
4.6
4.4
119.5
.4
(3)
2.6
16.2
1. 1
5.9
32.7

*
46.5
(3)
3.5

1.0
-

-

.7
.1

.1
1.1
(3)
-

(3)

10. 0
.9
(3)
.1

.1
.1
.3
-

3. 1
(3)
“
”

1.0
3.8
~
~
~
“
~
~
~

-

“
.5
“
~
(3)
~

.7
.4
.1
.8
.5
56.5
~

“
~
~
"

~
~
.7
3.1
.6
.2
24.9

Federal...... ...................
Administrative services...... .
Nelfare services........ ......
lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection...............
Sanitation services...........
Education. ..................
Streets and highways........ .
Parks and recreation.... -.....
libraries........... ........ ..
Museums...... .................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities................
Other......... ................
Combinations. ............

4.8
4.8
“

-

*

~

~

-

~

4.8
-

-

~
-

~
“
~
“
~

~
“
~
~
~
~
“

~
~
-

~
~

State...........................
Administrative services.......
Nelfare services..............
lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection............. .
Sanitation services...........
Education ......................
Streets and highways....... .
Parks and recreation...........
libraries. .....................
Museums........................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities................
Other.................. .
Combinations...................

17.9
.2
.7
—
15.0
.8
.4
.2
.6

4.8
—
4.8
-

.1
.1
~

2.3
-

“

“

-

3.9
2.7
-

-

-

County....................... .
Administrative services........
Nelfare services..............
lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection................
Sanitation services....... .
Education. .................. .
Streets and highways..........
Parks and recreation........ .
libraries......................
Museums.......................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other.........................
Combinations..................

16.1
.6
.2
.5
.1
9.4
.2
1.2
1.5
.6
(3)
1.8

4.9
4.9
~

.1

.1
.1

“

All functions............... .

.8
.8
*

(3)

(3)
—
1.9
.4
“
3.6
-

(3)
-

(3)
3. 1
.4
(3)
.1

(3)
*

See footnotes at end of table.




41

2.0
6. 1
.4
.1
13.1
.6
5.7
3.6

-

4.8
~

•
.4
.2
.6
2.4
~
.1
.3
.2
1.5
.3
.1

"
.3
.3
-

~
~
-

~

.4
.4
~
-

*
~
~
-

~
~
“
"
~
.5

~
~

~
~
~
-

~
~
~
~
~
~

~

-

“
.4
.4
~
~
-

-

~
~
~
6.1
.2
~
~
5.6
“
”
“
.3

"
~
-

~
~
“
~
~

“

~

-

.,1
“
.1
~
~

3.7
.6
.2
~
“

~
~
~
-

1. 1
“

•
“
“
"
~
~
~
~

~

~

~
~
“
"
.3
~
1.6

Table 19. Continued—Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Level and function

Protective

Production and
maintenance

Professional
and technical

Other

Clerical ■

Total

Sanita­ Crafts Other
tion

Teachers Hurses Other

Horkers involved
City.. ...........................
Administrative services.......
Helfare services.... .........
Lav enforcenent and correction.
Fire protection........... .
Sanitation services...... .
Education..... .............
Streets and highways...... .
Parks and recreation........ .
Libraries...............
Huseuas.... ...................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other............... ..........
Conbinations...................

124.4
.3
.1
3.6
4.6
4.3
68.7
.3
(3)
.5
10.4
.6
.9
30.3

24.3
20.8
(3)

Special district........ .
Administrative services........
Helfare services..............
Lav enforcenent and correction.
Fire protection................
Sanitation services...........
Education........ ............
Streets and highways..........
Parks and recreation...........
Libraries......................
Huseuas........ ...........
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities...............
Other.... ................... .
Combinations.......... .......

30.5
(3)
26.5
.1
3.9
-

16.0
16.0
-

3.5

_
0.1
.1
“

4.1
4.0
-1
-|
'll
-

0.3
.1
.1
.1
-

0.7
.7
-

.2
.2
”

-

-

-

~

1.0
1.0
~

Police

Fire

Police Other
and fire

- Continued

*

15.3
(3)
2.0
1.7
.3
».1
7.3
.2
.7
3.0

2.5
2.4
(3)
-

4.8
1.0
3.8
-

0.5
.5

-

5.4
(3)
1.5
3.9
-

—
"

-

~

7.8
7.8
-

~

”

5.9

25.7

3.5

1.6

686.4

5.0
20.8
-

3.5

1.3
.3
-

7. 6
3. 1
.5
1.7
2. 9
478.8
10.6
26.0
2.2
.6
152.4

-

-

1.2
.1
1.1
-

(3)

(3)
(3)
~
-

70.8
.1
.1
.8
.5
42.0
.3
3. 1
.3
.2
23.3

Days idle during year
1*706.7

554.5

5.8

161.2

3.9

2.5

3.1

252.7

Administrative services.... .
10.2
4.5
Helfare services................
12.6
Lav enforcement and correction...
22.4
Fire protection.................
20.4
Sanitation services..............
Education................. ...... 1,165.1
2.1
Streets and highways.............
.1
Parks and recreation...... .
Libraries................. ......
Huseuas....................... .
25.6
Hospitals and health services....
133.5
Transportation and allied facil..
6.7
Other utilities.................
38.7
Other.. . ..................
264.7
Combinations......... ...... .

463.4
.1
91.0

_
—
5.8
-

.9
151.0
■ 8.9
.3
.1

1.7
.6
1.6
-

2.4
.1

.7
2.2
.2
-

.1
12.9
70. 1
2.1
.3
107.6
4.3
37.8
17.6

5.9
.1
-

Federal..........................
Administrative services.......
Helfare services..... .
Lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection................
Sanitation services........ .
Education......................
Streets and highways...........
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries. ......... ........
Huseums............ .........
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities......... ......
Other..........................
Conbinations. .................

27.8
27.8
-

_
-

-

_
-

-

_
-i
-

-

27.8
27.8
-

_
“

—
-

-j
-

State................. .........
Administrative services........
Helfare services...............
Lav enforcement and correction.
Fire protection...............
Sanitation services............
Education ......................
Streets and highways..........
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries.... ...............
Huseums.. ..................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities.... ...........
Other.........................
Combinations......... .........

180.2
1.6
1.5
—
169. 1
1.2
.5
5.8
.6

25.9
—
25.9
-

.5
.5
-

39.4
.2
38.9
.4
“

—
~

~

62.9
56.0
.5
5.8
.6

.6
.6
~

-

~

All functions.................

-

-•
“

See footnotes at end of table.




42

-

-

“
.9
.9
“

~

50.0
1.4
48.3
.3
”

Table 19. Continued—Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Professional
and technical

Production and
maintenance

Total

Protective

Clerical

Other

level and function
Teachers Nurses Other

Sanita­ Crafts Other
tion
Days idle during year

Police

Fire

- Continued

185.6
8.8
2.4
1.0
.1
109.8
1.0
5.4
-35.3
4.7
.3
16.7

31.4
31.4
-

4.9
4.9
-

72.4
.7
—
70.6
'.6
.3
.1

1.5
1.4
.2
~

0.1
.1

-

40.0
.1
.8
1.0
35.3
2.8
.1

0.6
.6
_
-

_
_
.
-

City............... ............. 1,047.5
Administrative services.......
1.3
Welfare services......... .....
.6
law enforcement and correction.
10. 1
22.4
Fire protection............. .
19.4
Sanitation services...........
.Education. .....................
642.3
Streets and highways...........
1.1
.1
Parks and recreation..........
Libraries......................
Museums...............
Hospitals and health services..
18.4
Transportation and allied facil
77.6
2.0
Other utilities.......... .
Other.................
4.8
Combinations....... ...........
247.4

343.9
252.8
.1
91.0

-

44. 2
36.3
7.9
-

1. 1
.3
.6
.2
~

2.4
2.4
~

3. 1
.7
2.2
.2
-

96.3
.1
11.8
8.7
1.1
.3
51.6
1.5
4.2
16.9

4.7
4.6
.1
-

Special district.................
Administrative services.......
Welfare services........... .
Law enforcement and correction.
Fire protection....... ........
Sanitation services......... .
Education............ .........
Streets and highways..........
Parks and recreation........ .
Libraries......................
Museums. .....................
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities......... .....
Other............... .
Combinations............... .

153.3
153.3
-

.5
.5
-

5.3
5.3
-

1.2
1.2
-

_
-

-

25.8
1.0
4.5
20.2

_
-

County............. .............
Administrative services.......
Welfare services..............
law enforcement and correction.
Fire protection................
Sanitation services............
Education. ...... ..............
Streets and highways..........
Parks and recreation...........
Libraries. .. ... ........
Museums..... ............ .
Hospitals and health services..
Transportation and allied facil
Other utilities............ .
Other.............. ...... .
Combinations...................

265.7
1.0
244.0
.5
20.2
-

1The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's
definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work
stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.
2 The total number of stoppages reported for all fundtions or an individual level may not equal
the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been




43

Police Other
and fire

_
_
_
_
_

0.4
_
.4

34.3
7.5
1.7
6.8

_
_
-

—
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

16.4

25.7
5.0
20.8
-

3.5
3.5

.3
_
.3
-

522.4
.2
_
.5
1.7
2.9
344.1
10.3
26.0
.3
.6
136.0

_
-

_
-

_
-

79.6
79.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
1.9

_
-

counted in each. Workers and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups.
3 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 20. Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

All unions and associations

AFl - CIO

Total
Not
recognized

officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
Officially
information recognized

No
information

Stoppages beginning in year
481

411

22

13

163

12

4

Alabama. ...........-..................
Alaska. . ...................... .........
Arizona........ ........................
Arkansas ...............................
California. ...........................

14
2
2
3
z3

2
1
2
1
20

5
1

1

2
1
1
1
11

5
1

-

Colorado..... ..........................
Connecticut.............................
Del avare ......... .....................
District of Columbia...................
Florida.... ...........................

2
6
2
3
3

2
6
2
2
2

-

-

4
1
2
2

-

-

Georgia. ... ...........................
Hawaii. ................................
Idaho....... ...........................
Illinois...............................
Indiana..... ..........................

2
—
1
38
23

1
32
19

1
2
2

3

10
6

1

2
_

Iowa................. ..................
Kansas..................................
Kentucky. ..............................
Xouisiana..............................
Maine...................................

2
3
7
4

2
2
4
3

1
1
_

-

1
-

1

2
2
2
~

*

1
9
72
6
3

“

2
~

1
8
17
2
1

-

-

8
7
1
1

6
5
1
1

2
1
-

1
-

4
3
1
1

1
-

25
16
6

25
15
1
“

All States...........................

Maryland.............. ................
Massachusetts........ ..................
Michigan.... ........................
Minnesota............. .................
Mississippi.............................
Missouri......................... .....
Montana. .........................
Nebraska..... .........................
Nevada.................. ..............
New Hampshire..........................
New Jersey.............................
New Mexico........... .................
New York................... ...........
North Carolina.........................
North Dakota........ ...................

1
9
74
6
3

'

|

'

j
'
-

59
1
4
66
5

2
-

-

-

5

3

-

1

3

3

1
16

1
16

-

Ohio. .. . ...............................
Oklahoma.......... ......... ..........
Oregon..................................
Pennsylvania. ........................
fihode Island............................

67
1
4
69
5

South Carolina.............. ..........
South Dakota...........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas................ .... ....... ........
Utah...................................

10

Vermont.............................. .
Virginia ............................. .
Nashington..............................
Nest Virginia........... ...............
Wisconsin..... .........................
Wyoming.................................

!
!

3

i

"

i

4

4

2
4

-

1
-

|

44

6
12
~
23
1
1
22

2
2
“

-

j

!
-

-

_
*

1
1

3

7
2
2

j

|

See footnotes at end of table.




I
!

i
-

~

”

-

i
1

1
-

!
-

|
!

{
!
|

1

-

-

-

_
-

1

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Other unions

Employee associations
No union

Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
Officially
information recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Stoppages beginning in year
34

All States.

2

5

1

1

1
19
13

3

2
1

1

1
2

1
1

4
|

1
2

-

-

1

1
51
1

1

1
2

3

1
-

New Jersey.....
New Mexico.....
New Vork......
North Carolina.
North Dakota...

3

2

1

I
I

i

-

4

-

8
1

_

_

1

:

1

16

_

_

3

-

1

1

:

-

5

1
2

1

2
1

|

-

32

1

:

3
36
4

:

1

1
1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

:

2

:

:

2
2

2
1

8

:
2

1

:

-

See footnotes at end of table.




2
1

1
1

Missouri......
Montana. .......
Nebraska.......
Nevada.........
New Hampshire..

Vermont......
Virginia......
Washington....
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.....
Wyoming. ......

35

2
2
1

Iowa.....
Kansas....
Kentucky..
Louisiana.
Maine....

South Carolina.
South Dakota__
Tennessee. ......
Texas....
Utah..........

7

1

9

Georgia..
Hawaii...
Idaho....
Illinois.
Indiana..

Ohio...........
Oklahoma......
Oregon.... . ..
Pennsylvania...
fihode Island...

5

1

Colorado............
Connecticut..........
Delaware.............
District of Columbia.
Florida....... .

Maryland......
Massachusetts.
Michigan.....
Minnesota.....
Mississippi...

214

7
1

Alabama. ...
Alaska-- Arizona. ...
Arkansas...
California.

45

1

Table 20. Contnued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State
All unions and associations

AFL - CIO

Total
Not
recognized

Officially
recognized

No
Officially
information recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Workers involved
193.7

187.3

3.1

1.4

106.6

Alabama........................ .......
Alaska.................................
Arizona................................
Arkansas ................................
California..............................

2.0
.6
2.3
.1
4.0

.4
.6
2.3
.1
3.9

1.4
-

.1

.4
.6
.1
.1
2.4

Colorado....... ........................
Connecticut.........................
Delaware............ ..................
District of Columbia...... ............
Florida. ................................

.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
.3

.2
2.5
2.8
3. 1
.3

-

-

.4

.3
.1
.1

All States...........................

Georgia........ ........................
Hawaii........... -....... ............
Idaho............................... .
Illinois...... ....... ................
Indiana..... ..........................

i

-

.4
(2 )

(2 )

(2 )

10.3
3.2

9.9
3. 1

Iowa... ..........
Kansas. ................................
Kentucky........ .......................
Louisiana......... ....................
Haine...................................

.6
.9
4.0
.3

.6
.8
3.8
.2

Maryland................................
Massachusetts.. ........................
Michigan................................
Minnesota..... .........................
Mississippi.... ..................... .

.1
6.7
20. 1
.7
.6

.1
6.7
20.0
.7
.6

Missouri.......... ....................
Montana.................................
Nebraska....................
Nevada. ..............................
New Hampshire..........................

4.6
.9
.1
-

4.2
.9
.1
-

.5

.5

2.2
.7

.1

•1

.1

.1

.6
.8
3.4
-

-

.1
~

.1
5.8
4.8
.1
.3

.4

.1
~

3.8
.8
.1
-

-

5 .0

(2 )

(2 )

~

Ohio... ................................
Oklahoma... .............................
Oregon...... ..........................
Pennsylvania...........................
.Rhode Island...........................

32.6
.1
.5
49.0
2.5

32. 1
.1
.5
48.5
2.5

.2
~

Vermont. .....--- ......-----............
Virginia.......... .....................
Washington..............................
Nest Virginia.... ....................
Wisconsin.... ..........................
Wyoming. ..... ..........................

.3




~
.3

.3
~
-

7.5
-

.3
.1
-

-

.5
.5
9.7
.4
1.3
*

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.

46

(2 )

-

i
I
- |
.1
- :

~

*

“
-

■

(2 )

-

-

- !
"

-

.5

-

.3

-

.5
.5
9.7
.6
1.3
"

~

.3
-

-

8.0

(2 )

-

11. 1
3.9
.2
*

-

-

3.1
.3

11.1
4.1
.6
-

-

0.2

“

New Jersey.............................
New Mexico.............................
New York...............................
North Carolina.......... ..............
North Dakota...........................

South Carolina...... ...................
South Dakota...........................
Tennessee...............................
Texas.. . ....... ........................
Utah...................................

1.9 I
|
1.4
-

2 .5

"

I

17.4
.1
(2 )

38.7

.1
-

(2)
(2)
~

-

4.0

-

-

.2
-

-

-

-

(2)
.5
5.3
.4

1.3

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State
Employee associations

Other unions

No union
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

NO
Officially
information recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Norkers involved
1.9

ill States....... ....................

6.5

0.9

0.1

74.2

0.3

1.1

Alabama..... .........................
Alaska. ............................ .
Arizona........... .....................
Arkansas............... ................
California............................ .

-

-

“

2.2
1.5

-

.1

Colorado............. ................*.
Connecticut............. ........ .
Delaware...................... .
District of Columbia.................
Florida........ .........................

_
-

_
-

.2
2.1
2.8
-

~

_
-

-

“

Georgia. ................ ...............
Hawaii..................... ............
Idaho...................................
Illinois......... ..... .............-. Indiana.............. ..................

.2
-

.3
-

“

.1
.1

.1
“

Iowa... ................................
Kansas. ..............................
Kentucky....... .......................
Louisiana........... ..................
Maine.............. ......... ..........

.3

-

-

.1
.2

-

.1

—
.2
“

“

~

.9
14.3
.6
.1

-

Mississippi.............. .

.8
.1
.2

.1
~

“

Missouri................. ..............
Montana........... *..................-.
Nebraska...... ....... .................
Nevada..................... ...........
New Hampshire......... .................

.3
“

.4
-

.1
“

.1
.1
“

“

-

~

New Jersey.......... ...............
New Mexico........ ....................
New York...............................
North Carolina.........................
North Dakota...... ....................

1.1
.2

-

-

5.0
1.3
“

-

.3
~

—
.3
"

Ohio...... .............................
Oklahoaa........... .....................
Oregon......... ........................
Pennsylvania............................
fihode Island................... .......

.8
2.1
(2)

“

-

13.9
.5
7.7
2.5

.1
“

.3
.2
~

South Carolina.........................
South Dakota...................... .
Tennessee......... .....................
Texas...... ............................
Utah...................................

.2
-

-

*

3.3
“

-

.4
4.4
(2)
“

(2)

Maryland..... .. .......................
Hassachusetts.... .....................
Michigan................................

Vermont............ ...................
Virginia............... ................
Washington.-- - . ........................
Nest Virginia....... ...................
Wisconsin................... ..........
Ny owing........... ..... .

(2)
(2)

(2)
.1
*
~

See footnotes at end of table.




47

(2)

-

(2)
7.6
2.4

(2)
-

.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
.3
“

- ■
“

“

.3
.2
“

~

"

.2
“

-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

AFL - CIO

All unions and associations
State
Total
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
Officially
information recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Days idle during year
1,706.7

1,667.3

16.0

14.6

888.2

8.0

1.2

Alabama................................
Alaska.................................
Arizona........ ........................
Arkansas...............................
California.......... ...................

10.1
14.7
11.1
2.9
65. 7

3.9
14.6
11.1
2.9
65.5

5.6
-

.1

3.9
14.6
.1
2.9
53.8

5.6
-

-

Colorado ................................
Connecticut........ ....................
Delaware...............................
District of Columbia...................
Florida.................................

3.2
22.0 ;
70.0
14.4
3.4

3.2
22.0
70.0
14.3
3.3

-

-

1.4
(2)
14.3
3.3

~

-

1.4
■

32.2
3.3

.7 s

|
3. 1
4.4 !
23.4 i
!

*1

-

.8
20.5
12.7
1.7
1.1

-

-

9.9
6.5
.1
1.2

.1
“

26.1
28.5 !
-

-

All States...........................

4.8

Georgia................................
Hawaii..... ............... ............
Idaho...................................
Illinois...............................
Indiana. ...............................
Iowa....... ...........................
Kansas.................................
Kentucky.. .................... .
Louisiana. .............................
Maine..................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts.... ......................
Michigan............ ...................
Minnesota..............................
Mississippi............................

.3 !
72.0
13.3
I
3. 1
4.6
25.2
!

*5 (
.8
55.2
134.0
13.6
2.9

-

4.5 |
- j

.3
69.7 i
12.4 ;
3.1
4.4
25.0 i
.3 j
.8 1
55.2
133.9
13.6
2.9 i

Missouri .. ....... ......................
Montana................................
Nebraska.......... ....................
Nevada.................................
New Hampshire..........................

12. 9
7.6
.1
1.2

11. 1
7.4
.1
- !
1.2

New Jersey.............................
New Mexico.............................
New York...... .........................
North Carolina.................. .......
North Dakota...........................

76.7
39.4
7.7

76.7
39.0
5.8
-

Ohio...................................
Oklahoma................. .............
Oregon........... ......................
Pennsylvania..... ............ .........
Rhode Island.................. .........

439.7
.1
3. 1
349.1
7. 1

427.4
.1
3.1
345.3
7.1

South Carolina............ ............
South Dakota...........................
Tennessee...............................
Texas................ ..................
Utah...................................

_
47. 6
.5

Vermont. ........................... .
Virginia...............................
Nashington..............................
Nest Virginia...........................
Wisconsin. .........................
Wyoming.................................

2.9
2.8
108.8
11.7
40.2

- :
45.9 i
- ;
j
2.9
2.8
108.8
10.3
40.2

-

See footnotes at end of tanle.




(2)

48

.8
.8
.i j

.2

(2)
I
- ;
|
j
1.8
•1
-

- :
1. 1
.8
.1

-1
- :
*1
“
.4
~ |
11.0
1.3
~

i

- :
-

_
-

-

*

*

(2)

[

316.1
.1
(2)
177.5 !
“
17.9
-

\

1

-

j
j

-

1.0
-

.4
-

.9

.2
•1
~

:
-

j

|

.5
2.8
53.3
10.3
40.1

-

-

-

Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Other unions

Employee associations

State
No union
Officially
recognized

Not
recognized

No
Officially
information recognized

Not
recognized

No
information

Days idle during year
All States...........................

79.3

6.9

0. 1

699.9

1.0

13.2

8.9

Alabama.................................
Alaska. ............................
Arizona. ................................
Arkansas..... ..........................
California.............. ...............

-

*

~

_
11.0
11.7

_
-

_
.1

.7
.1
.1
.1

Colorado..........................
Connecticut.............................
Delaware...... .........................
District of Columbia...................
Florida................................

-

_
-

_
-

3.2
20.6
70.0
-

_
-

_
-

_
.1
.1

Georgia.................................
Hawaii....... ..........................
Idaho.................. ................
Illinois...............................
Indiana................................

.6
*

4.5
-

-

.3
37.0
9. 1

.8
.1

.5
-

.3
-

Iowa........ ...........................
Kansas.................................
Kentucky......... ......................
Louisiana..... .........................
Maine........................... .......

.9

-

-

.6
.3

_
-

_
.2

.2

Maryland...............................
Massachusetts............ ...........
Michigan................................
Minnesota..............................
Mississippi.. ................. .

7.3
3.6
1.3

-

-

34.7
113.8
8.3
•6

_

.1
-

~

Missouri................................
Montana................................
Nebraska.............................
Nevada.................................
New Hampshire..........................

.9
-

1.8
-

.1
-

.3
.9
-

_
-

-

_
-

New Jersey..............................
New Mexico.............................
New York...............................
North Carolina...................
North Dakota..... ......................

3.0
5.8
-

~

-

47.6
10.4
-

-

.4
-

1.9

2.2
52.9
(2)

*

_
~

109.1
3. 1
114.9
7.1

.1
-

10.8
1.2
-

.1
2.5
“

-

_
-

_
27.4
-

_
*

_
-

_
.8
.4
-

-

2.4
55.4
.1
-

-

-

Ohio.................... .......... .
Oklahoma...............................
Oregon.................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island...... ..................

(2)

.6
-

South Carolina.... .....................
South Dakota........ ...................
Tennessee...............................
Texas..................................
Utah...................................
Vermont. ............... ................
Virginia............ ...................
Washington.............................
West Virginia..........................
Wisconsin..............................
Wyoming. .................................

-

.5

.1

( 2)

( 2)

1Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted separately in each State
affected; workers involved and days idle were allocated among the States. The situations re­
ported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition
of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stop­
page has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.




(2)

-

(2)

-

-

( 2)

.1

1.4
“

2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rcunding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-)
denote zeros.

49

Table 21. Work stoppages by region and State, 19781
(Workers and days Idle in thousands)

Stoppages beginning in year

Days idle during year
(all stoppages)

Region and State
Number

United States.................... .

Mean
duration
(days) 2/

Workers
involved

Number

Percent of
est. nonagricultural
working
time 3/

4,230

19.7

1,622.6

36,921.5

0.17

Region I.................................
Connecticut......... ...................
Maine......... .........................
Massachusetts..........................
New Hampshire......... .................
Rhode Island...........................
Vermont......................... ......

246
55
24
117
15
36
11

23. 4
30.4
41.0
18. 1
27.2
13.9
17.3

52.4
8.4
7.6
25.2
3.1
7.2
.9

929.9
238.5
213.5
330.5
60.5
75.4
11.5

.07
.07
.21
.05
.07
.08
.02

Region II................................
New Jersey.............................
New York...............................

534
219
328

21.9
13.0
26.0

162.7
51.2
111.4

2,639.3
555.8
2,083.5

.11
.07
.12

Region III...... .........................
Delaware...............................
District cf Columbia...................
Maryland...............................
Pennsylvania...........................
Virginia....... ........................
Nest Virginia..........................

755
23
26
46
480
69
142

17.5
29. 8
14. 1
16.7
17.4
22.9
10.9

255.3
8.7
6.4
14.1
154.5
35.4
36.1

9, 181.7
139.2
63.6
230.8
4,063.9
1,291.2
3,392.9

.38
.22
.04
.06
.35
.25
2.20

Region IV................................
Alabama................................
Florida................................
Georgia. ........................ ......
Kentucky. ..............................
Mississippi............................
North Carolina.........................
South Carolina.........................
Tennessee..............................

418
69
50
40
102
29
31
21
91

16.1
16.8
12.4
9.2
18.7
23.1
11.9
8.5
18.4

203.3
21.6
20.2
23.8
63.2
11.6
12.3
10.3
40.3

4,736.9
1,069.0
227.8
202.6
2,092.7
201.8
124.8
69.0
749.3

.14
.32
.03
.04
.68
.10
.02
.02
.17

Region V............. ....................
Illinois................................
Indiana................................
Michigan...............................
Minnesota........................ .....
Ohio...................................
Wisconsin..............................

1,431
314
211
300
91
441
110

22.9
17.6
23. 1
24.0
30.6
25.6
21.8

496.0
135.7
62.0
93.7
35.0
141.3
28.2

11,395.8
3,037.1
1,497.0
1,756.9
775.0
3,756.6
573.2

.25
.26
.27
.20
.18
.34
.12

Region VI................................
Arkansas...............................
Louisiana...................
New Mexico.............................
Oklahoma...............................
Texas..................................

192
28
38
21
23
91

17.3
15.9
15.0
15. 1
34.1
15.6

100.7
8.6
20.8
9.2
10.2
52.0

1, 478.3
120.8
235.5
223.7
262.0
636.3

.07
.07
.07
.20
.10
.05

Region VII.......................... .
Iowa...................................
Kansas..................................
Missouri...............................
Nebraska...............................

168
47
21
92
14

15.9
14.8
9.2
23.0
5. 9

80.9
12.8
14.5
39.3
14.2

1,065.4
165.8
119.5
700.8
79.3

.09
.06
.05
.14
.05

Region VIII..............................
Colorado........................ .......
Montana.................................
North Dakota...........................
South Dakota...........................
Utah...................................
Wyoming.................................

73
37
19
5
3
11
5

6.6
7.4
6.9
6.1
4.4
6.9
5.0

43.8
17.1
7.9
3.2
1.3
5.4
8.8

596.6
185.9
56. 1
17.4
7. 1
204.9
125.3

.09
.07
.08
.03
.01
.16
.26

Region IX................................
Arizona................................
California.............................
Hawaii............................ .
Nevada.................................

347
31
29 6
18
11

20.6
11.7
23.3
10.7
11.3

159.9
20.2
124.3
12.4
3.0

2,756.6
317.7
2,295.4
99.7
43.7

.10
.14
.10
.11
.05

Region X.................................
Alaska.................................
Idaho..................................
Oregon..................................
Washington.............................

153
12
15
44
94

23.3
57.0
10.6
22. 2
24.3

67.5
1.5
5.0
19,6
41.4

2, 141.0
58.2
41.3
570.3
1,471.1

.28
.14
.05
.23
.39

' Stoppages extending across State lines are counted separately in each State
affected; workers involved and days idle are allocated among the States.
2 Mean duration is calculated only for stoppages ending in the year, and is
weighted by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the workers involved.




5 Excludes private household workers,
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,

50

Table 22. Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Occupation
fiegion and State
Total
Professional
and
technical

Clerical

Salesworkers

Production
and
maintenance

Protective

Service

Combinations

Stoppages beginning in year
4,230

203

36

36

3,484

51

148

272

Region I....... ............
Connecticut......... .
Maine.... ...............
Massachusetts............
Mew Hampshire.............
Bhode island..............
Vermont...................

246
55
24
117
15
36
11

18
4
3
6
2
3

4
2
1
1

2
1
1
2
1
1
1

196
39
18
93
13
29
5

5
1
1
1
2
-

10
3
7
-

11
5
1
7
1
2
1

fiegion II..................
Hew Jersey..... .........
Mew Xork.................

534
219
328

21
14
8

10
3
7

4
3
2

439
175
271

2
2

19
9
10

39
15
28

fiegion III........ ........
Delaware.................
District of
Columbia...............
Maryland.................
Pennsylvania.............
Virginia..................
West Virginia............

755
23

42
2

5
“

8
2

621
15

2
“

32
2

45
2

26
46
480
69
142

6
35
~

5
~

2
2
5
1
3

12
38
381
59
127

2
-

1
1
23
3
2

5
5
29
6
10

fiegion IV......... ........
Alabama.... .............
Florida..................
Georgia...................
Kentucky.................
Mississippi.... ........
North Carolina...........
South Carolina...........
Tennessee............. .

41 8
69
50
40
102
29
31
21
91

6
1
2
3
1
3

-

3
3
-

382
63
41
33
94
25
27
20
80

6
1
1
4

7
3
1
3

14
5
4
3
5
3
2
1
1

fiegion V....... ............
Illinois.................
Indiana..................
Michigan......... .......
Minnesota................
Ohio. .....................
Wisconsin...........

1,431
314
211
300
91
441
110

96
20
13
47
4
15
4

11
2
1
1
7
-

13
3
4
3
1
5
2

1,134
252
177
198
75
345
97

19
2
3
13
1

37
12
4
8
3
8
2

121
23
10
43
7
48
4

fiegion VI......... .........
Arkansas.................
Louisiana................
Hew Mexico.......... .
Oklahoma.... .............
Texas........ ............

192
28
38
21
23
91

3
2
1

3
1
2

3
1
1
2

167
25
28
17
19
78

2
2
"

7
2
1
4

7
3
3
2
3
4

fiegion VII.................
Iowa......................
Kansas............. .....
Missouri..................
Nebraska..................

168
47
21
92
14

1
1
-

-

6
2
4

139
38
16
74
11

4
2
2
-

8
4
1
2
1

10
3
2
9
2

fiegion VIII................
Colorado............... . .
Montana...................
North Dakota..............
South Dakota.............
Utah.....................
Wyoming............. .

73
37
19
5
3
11
5

4
2
2
1
-

2
2
-

1
1
-

54
27
10
2
2
9
4

5
4
1

1
1
-

6
4
3
2
1
1
1

fiegion IX................ .
Arizona...................
California...............
Hawaii...................
Nevada..... .

347
31
296
18
11

13
1
12
1
-

1
1
-

4
4
-

270
24
224
14
8

4
4
-

23
2
20
1
1

32
4
31
2
2

Region X...................
Alaska....................
Idaho...... ..............
Oregon..... .............
Washington.... ...........

153
12
15
44
94

13
1
1
4
9

“

2
1
2

109
4
12
35
63

2
1
1

9
3
1
5

18
3
1
4
14

United States............

See footnotes at end of table.




51

Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Occupation
fiegion and State
Total
Professional
and
technical

Salesworkers

Clerical

Production
and
maintenance

Protective

Service

Combinations

Horkers involved
1,622.6

96.3

2.8

14.0

937.6

10.0

24.7

537.2

fiegion I...................
Connecticut............ .
Maine....................
Massachusetts.............
New Hampshire...... .
fihode Island..............
Vermont...................

United States...... .....

52.4
8.4
7.6
25.2
3.1
7.2
.9

6.6
2.6
.2
1.9
1.4
.4

.2
.2
-

1.5
.4
.1
.8
.1
.2
(2)

37.8
4.7
7.2
18.1
3.0
4.5
.3

.5

1.4
.1
1.3
-

4.4
.5
(2)
2.8
.1
1.0
(2)

fiegion II..-...-........ .
Mew Jersey................
New York.................

162.7
51.2
111.4

5.8
2.9
2.8

1.0
.3
.7

4.6
.4
4.2

118.6
42.4
76.2

.4
.4

12. 1
.3
11.8

20.2
4.8
15.4

fiegion III...... ...........
Delaware..... ............
District of
Columbia................
Maryland.................
fennsylvania..............
Virginia.................
West Virginia............

255.3
8.7

12.6
2.8

.1
~

1.2
(2)

157. 9
5.6

.9
~

2.2
.1

80.3
.1

6.4
14.1
154.5
35.4
36.1

.9
8.8
-

.1
*

.1
.2
.8

4.4
5.2
93.9
22.3
26.5

.9
-

.1
.1
1.8
.1
.1

1.0
8.7
48.2
12.9
9.4

.5
.5
-

120.4
13.7
8.8
10.2
47.1
7.1
5.3
6.4
21.8

4.3
.1
(2)
4.1

.4
.2
.1
.1

69.7
7.9
9.4
12.3
15.6
4.4
6.5
3.9
9.7

2.8
.3
.2
1.6

304.7
84.6
49.8
51.5
14.4
85.5
19.0

2.5
.1
.2
2.3
(2)

3.9
.5
.1
.5
.4
2.4
.1

137.8
41.4
9.4
25.8
14. 1
38.3
8.7

.4
.2

(2)
(2)

(2)
.1

fiegion IV..................
Alabama..................
Florida..... .............
Georgia...................
Kentucky.................
Mississippi. ............
North Carolina...........
South Carolina...... .
Tennessee.................

203.3
21.6
20.2
23.8
63.2
11.6
12.3
10.3
40.3

8. 1
(2)
1.8
1.1
.5
_
4.6

*

fiegion V...................
Illinois...............
Indiana...................
Michigan.................
Minnesota............. .
Ohio........... ...........
Wisconsin...............

496.0
135.7
62.0
93.7
35.0
141.3
28.2

43.3
8.6
2.3
14.3
6.0
11.8
.4

.8
.2
-

fiegion VI..................
Arkansas. ................
Louisiana.... ............
New Mexico...............
Oklahoma. .................
Texas.....................

100.7
8.6
20.8
9.2
10.2
52.0

4.3
3.3
1.0

fiegion VII.................
Iowa......................
Kansas...................
Missouri..................
Nebraska............... .

80.9
12.8
14.5
39.3
14.2

1.0
1.0
-

-

Region VIII.................
Colorado.................
Montana...................
North Dakota.............
South Dakota.............
Utah.....................
Wyoming...................

43.8
17.1
7.9
3.2
1.3
5.4
8.8

.3
.1
.2
.1
-

.1
.1
*

10.0
2.2
7.7
.1
-

.1
.1
-

.4
.4
-

64.7
14.4
36.2
11.8
2.2

4.4
.1
(2)
.6
3.7

-

.2
-

32.2
.6
1.9
10.6
19.0

fiegion IX....... ..........
Arizona.... ...........
California.. ...... .......
Hawaii....................
Nevada....................
fiegion X..... ..............
Alaska....................
Idaho.....................
Oregon...... .............
Washington...............

159.9
20.2
124.3
12.4 !
3.0
67.5
1.5
5.0
19.6
41.4

(2)
12)

12)

.6

.5
.1

.4
-

.2
-

(2)
(2)
(2)

.4

2.5
.1
2.4
(2)
(2)
-

(2)
.2

See footnotes at end of table.




|
.1

52

(2)
(2)
.3
.1
-

58.8
3.0
10.8
6.5
5.4
33.1

.2
.2
- '
-

.2

36.4
5.7
6.2
2.6
4.7
17.2

19.7
5.4
1.6
11.8
.9

.7
.6
.2
-

1.4
.1
(2)
1.2
.1

55.5
7.2
12.3
22.7
13.3

22.9
13.6
.7
.1
(2)
2.8
5.6

.2
.1
-

(2)
(2)

20.3
3.3
6.9
3.0
1.3
2.5
3.3

.2
.2
-

2.3
(2)
2.0
.2
(2)

82.2
3.5
77.6
.3
.8

.4

30.2
.7
3.1
8.4
18.0

(2)

-

(2)

.1
(2)

(2)
(2)
.1

.3

Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Occupation
Total
Professional
and
technical

fiegion and State

Clerical

Salesworkers

Production
and
maintenance

Protective

Service

Combinations

Days idle during year
United States..........-..

36,921.5

1,574.6

35.3

235.8

29,580.0

58.6

348.3

5,088.9

fiegion I...................
Connecticut..............
Maine..... ..............
Massachusetts.............
New Hampshire.. ........ .
fihode Island...............
Vermont............... .

929.9
238.5
213.5
330.5
60.5
75.4
11.5

39.7
24.3
.5
10.4
2.0
2.5

2.2
2. 1
.1
*
.1

29.2
7.5
1.2
15.3
1.1
3. 1
.9

744.9
197.3
211.7
205.4
59.1
64.0
7.4

2.1
.3
(2)
.6
1.1

43.4
1.5
41.9
~

68.5
5.6
.1
56.8
.2
5. 1
.7

fiegion II...... ............
New Jersey...............
New York.................

2,639.3
555.8
2,083.5

77.3
20.8
56.5

4.8
1.5
3.3

36.5
7.5
29.0

2,249.3
431.1
1,818.2

.8
.8

56.3
6.7
49.6

214.4
88.1
126.2

fiegion III.... .............
Delaware.................
District of
Columbia...............
Maryland...............
Pennsylvania.............
Virginia..................
Nest Virginia............

9,181.7
139.2

216.5
70.0

.9

24.2
.8

8,048.4
66.0

19.4

36.4
1.4

835.9
1. 1

63.6
230.8
4,063.9
1,291.2
3,392.9

21.1
125.3
-

"
.9
-

33.6
188.9
3,611.5
898.6
3,249.9

19.4
~

.2
1.7
31.2
1.1
.9

7.3
36.1
259.4
391.1
140.9

fiegion IV...................
Alabama......... ........
Florida..................
Geor gia...................
Kentucky..................
Mississippi..............
North Carolina...........
South Carolina...........
Tennessee................

4,736.9
1,069.0
227.8
202.6
2,092.7
201.8
124.8
69.0
749.3

80.3
.1
25.3
12.1
4.0
38.8

-

6.7
6.7
-

4,306.2
1,035.8
154.2
141.7
2,006.4
171.8
88.5
53.5
654.4

16.5
.6
.4
15.5

12. 1
10.8
.7
.6

315.1
33. 1
37.5
48.1
79.6
29.5
31.9
15.5
40.0

fiegion V...................
Illinois....... ..........
Indiana..... .............
Michigan.................
Minnesota................
Ohio.....................
Wisconsin................

11,395.8
3,037.1
1,497.0
1,756.9
775.0
3,756.6
573.2

873.9
86.2
8.8
131.2
360.0
265.9
21.9

16.9
.7
.1
2.7
13.4

100.3
6.1
35.3
44. 9
.9
11.2
1.8

8,676.0
2,597.8
1,311.4
1,177.2
342.7
2,772.1
474.7

5.2
1.0
.9
3.3
.1

52.4
12.5
3.0
11.1
14.2
7. 1
4.6

1,671.1
332.8
137.6
392.3
54.6
683.6
70.2

fiegion VI.............. .
Arkansas.................
Louisiana................
New Mexico................
Oklahoma..................
Texas.... ...............

1,478.3
120.8
235.5
223.7
262.0
636.3

31.0
23.0
8.0

4.9
.8
4.1

1.6
.2
.5
.8

1,153.0
95.5
185.0
212.8
131.8
528.0

1.1
1.1
-

28.6
1.1
.3
1.1
26.2

258.2
25.3
24.6
10.4
128.6
69.2

fiegion VII..................
Iowa.....................
Kansas....................
Missouri.... .............
Nebraska..................

1,065.4
165.8
1 19.5
700.8
79.3

8.0
8.0
-

-

24.0
1.1
23.0

519.3
132.5
63.9
298.8
24.1

3.6
3.1
.5

16.0
1.1
2. 1
10.7
2.0

494.4
31.1
50.4
359.7
53.2

fiegion VIII................
Colorado............ .
Montana..................
North Dakota......... .
South Dakota....... ......
Utah..... ................
Wyoming.. ................

596.6
185.9
56.1
17.4
7.1
204.9
125.3

20.6
.3
16.3
4.0
“

1.2
1.2
-

.3
.3
-

487.6
171.2
6.5
1.3
2.0
194.3
112.2

1.5
1.1
.4
*

.1
.1
“

85.4
12.7
32.2
12. 1
5.1
10.1
13.1

fiegion II..................
Arizona..................
California................
Hawaii ....................
Nevada...........-- ......

2,756.6
317.7
2,295.4
99.7
43.7

89. 8
11.0
71.6
7.2

4.4
4.4
~

7.6
7.6
-

1,720.4
291.2
1,309.9
90.2
29.0

8.2
8.2
~

43.6
1.2
39.7
.7
2. 1

882.5
14.3
854.0
1.6
12.6

fiegion I...................
Alaska...................
Idaho.... ................
Oregon....................
Washington...............

2,141.0
58.2
41.3
570.3
1,471.1

137.7
4.3
.3
7.4
125.7

-

5.5
.4
5.1

1,674.9
36.3
28.7
482.3
1, 127.6

.3
.1
.2

59.1
1.0
(2)
58. 1

263.4
16.6
12.3
80.2
154.3

-

' Stoppages extending across State lines are counted separately in each State affected;
workers involved and days idle are allocated among the States.
2 Fewer than 50.




53

1.4
4.2
16.3
.3
1.2

1

_

-

|

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 23. Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Arizona

Alabama

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

All industries 1/......... .

69

21.6

Manufacturing 1 / ... ...........

36

8.2

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products............ .
Tobacco manufactures....................
Textile mill products.... .

_
1
2

Apparel, etc. 4/..... ....... ..........
Lumber and vocd products, except
furniture............................
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Arkansas

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Workers
involved

Number

Workers
involved

1,069.0

31

20.2

317.7

28

8.6

120.8

441.4

10

3.0

107.9

17

2.5

76.5

_
.1
1.2

1.4
3/58.2

_
1
-

_

_
.6
-

_
1
-

_
.1
-

_
3.8
-

3

.4

2.3

-

-

-

-

_

2.6

1
1

.2
.4

.5
68.0

2
-

.5
-

34.5
-

2
-

.1
-

1.9

.1

1.2
3/2.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

.5
.1
.4
.4

12.2
4.0
10.3
15.1

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.. ..........................
Chemicals and allied products.... .
Petroleum refining and related
industries. ................... .......

1
3

£ubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.......... ...............
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries............. .
Fabricated metal products 5/...... .

1
1
5
8

Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation equipment................
Instruments, etc. 6/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

4
2
2
1
-

(2)

“

1
1
1
2

.5

6.6

-

1.4
.4
.1

2.4
139.9
11.9
-

1
1
-

.6
1.6

-

-

2.0
2.9’
13.1
128.5

1.0
(2)

(2)

Number

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

.2
.3
1.7
1.5

1
1
3
3

-

-

3

.5

22.4

1.6
.4
-

67.2
1.9
~

1
2
-

.3
.2
-

.3
4.0
-

(2)
(2)
.3
.1

Monmanufacturing J/...................

33

13.4

627.6

21

17.2

209.9

11

6. 1

44.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Minin g.... .............................
Contract construction. -..............
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade........ .

13
-

3.6
-

575.9
.1

2
9

.9
9.6

12.2
68.2

2

.1

14.5
.9

4
2

7.7
(2)

40.5
.9

4
2

3.1
1.1

13.4
103.8

4
2

5.6
.2

23.4
2.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services.. ..............................
Government 1/..........................

14

2.0

.2
10. 1

_
2
2

_
.1
2.3

_
1. 1
11. 1

_
3

_
.1

_
2.9

California
All industries 1/..................

Colorado

Connecticut

296

124.3

2,295.4

37

17.1

185.9

55

8.4

238.5

Manufacturing _1/......................

153

33.0

1,311.1

9

1.1

15.2

19

3.0

162.8

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products....... ......
Tobacco manufactures........... ........
Textile mill products...................

2
8
-

1.3
1.1
-

81.1
14.2
*

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
4
-

_
.4
-

_
8.3
-

Apparel, etc. 4/........... ........ .
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products...............

-

-

.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

10
13

2.4
1.4
2 .2

-

-

7

40.9
40. 1
178.4

-

1
3

.1
.4

4.7
4.4

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
industries....... ....................

3
11

.8

38.6
16.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

.2

4.9

-

*

~

-

-

-

BuLber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries...............
Fabricated metal products 5/...........

8
9
14
30

.4
1.3
1.4
3.3

3.7
21.7
35.1
53.2
65.5

4
2

.5
.1

-

1
2

2. 1

3

.1
.1
.5
.5

17.2
-

7 .7

.7

2

.7

63.6
51.3

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies................. ............
Transportation equipment................
Instruments, etc. 6/................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

10

1.4

34.3

3

.5

5.3

2

.9

4.7

8
18
-

2.3
12.9
-

40.6
642.1
(3)

-

-

*

1
-

.1
-

7.9
.1
-

Monmanufacturing _1/..... .............

143

91.3

984.2

28

16.0

170.7

37

5.5

75.7

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining. ......... ....................
Contract construction..................
Transpcrtation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.... .........

10
1
12

1.2
(2)
.9

32.5
3.5
9.8

2
9

.4
11.6

76.1
60. 8

6

.5

4.2

24
40

13.6
61.3

207.0
545. 1

8

3

3.3
.3

26.7
2.3

7
12

.9
.4

23.0
9.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services.. .............................
Government 7/-.........................

2
31
23

.8

13.1
107.5
65.7

1
3
2

.3
1.3
3. 2

1
5
6

.4

9.5
4.0

2. 5

7.5
9.7
22.0

_

-

_

See footnotes at end of table.




54

(2)
.1
.2

. 8

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages In States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

District of Columbia

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Florida

Days
idle during

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during[
ycsr (dll
stoppages)

stoppages)
Number

All industries _1/ .—

..............

26

Manufacturing 1/......................

1

Number

Workers
involved

63.6

50

20.2

.2

13

2.2

Workers
involved
6.4
(2)

Georgia
Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

227.8

40

23.8

202.6

64.7

20

8.3

107.3

.4
.2
-

6.9
.4
-

1
“

_
.2
-

_
4.3
“

Ordnance and accessories......... .
Food and kindred products.... .......
Tobacco manufactures......... ........
Textile mill products............. .

_
-

-

_
“

1
2
-

Apparel, etc. 4/.... ...................
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture........ ....................
Furniture and fixtures........ .........
Paper and allied products..............

-

-

-

-

-

20.4

2

.2

1.4

“

-

-

2

.1

1.8

1

.1

.6

Printing, puflisbing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................

-

-

-

1

.1

—
3.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

-

-

fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products......... ....................
Leather and leather products....... .
Stone, clay, and glass products.... .
Primary metal industries...............
Fabricated metal products 5/...........

—
-

-

-

2
2

.1
.6

1.7
3. 9

1
3
1
2

.2
.9
.1
.1

.4
20.9
.6
1.5

-

-

-

-

-

.3

-

-

-

1

-

.2

1
1
1

.3
.6
-

11.5
13.3
.9

4
4
1
"

.9
5.5
(2)

8.2
69.2
.2
-

25

6.4

63.4

37

18.1

163. 1

20

15.4

95.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining.. .. ..............................
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.............

4

1.1

16.3

1
1
11

.4
.6
4. 1

2.0
.6
46. 0

8

1.2

2.7
10.3

9
2

1.1
.1

15.9
3/1.2

11
4

10.3
.3

63.9
9.8

6
3

12.7
.2

65.6
4.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services.. ........................
Government 7/_ _ .........................

2
5
3

.1
.9
3.2

1.4
14.2
14.4

1
5
3

(2)
2.0
.3

1.9
35.6
3.4

1
2

1.0
.4

8.0
4.8

Machinery, except electrical......... .
blectrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies................ .............
Transportation eguipment...............
Instruments, etc. 6/....... ..... ......
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Monmanufacturing \ / ..................

(2)

Illinois

(2)

Iowa

Indiana

314

135.7

3,037.1

211

62.0

1,497.0

47

12. 8

165.8

128

25.4

1,063.5

135

41.0

1, 019.9

27

4.3

121.9

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products..............
locacco manufactures....................
Textile mill products..................

8
1

.8
.2

6.2
1.7

_
15
~

_
1.9
-

_
45.3
-

_
6
-

_
.9
-

_
21.0
-

Apparel, etc. 4/........ .......
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures......... .......
Paper and allied products...............

2

.6

19.3

1

.2

3/4. 1

-

4
3
6

.1
1.3
.9

3.5
87.3
18.3

1
5
2

.1
.9
.1

1.5
80.9
4. 1

1
-

8

1.1

185.0

2
4

.9
.3

3.5
15.8

2

.3

7.3
14.1

All industries 1/...................
Manufacturing X / ..... -.... -.... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries.. .........................

-

(2)
.1
-

(2)
-

2

.2

5.8

1

.3

14. 8

-

-

-

JRubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.......... ..................
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.... ;...
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 5/............

6
10
14
2^

1.3
1.3
2.1
4.6

26.0
22.9
78.7
131.4

6
3
13
28

1.2
.4
3.1
4.4

27.2
26.4
84.9
96. 1

1
2
4
3

.2
.1
.6
.4

11.8
.8
5.3
16.0

Machinery, except electrical............
Llectrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation equipment............
Instruments, etc. 6/....... ............
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

16

5.5

246.4

17

8. 1

228.3

5

•.9

27.7

15
7
2
2

3.3
1.6
.2
.4

37.4
178.2
6.3
9.3

21
12
1
3

8.7
8.9
.7
.5

104.5
224.5
34.4
23.5

1
2
-

.2
.6
-

7.0
10.8
-

Monmanufacturing % / ...................

186

110.3

1,973.6

76

21.0

477. 1

20

8.6

43.9

5

1.0

6.9

7. 4
.1

35.1
1.1

-

.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining.- ................................
Contract construction............... .
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.............

65
19

27.8
23.0

1,048.2
380.4

11
12

4.6
4.0

260.3
21.8

20
30

37.4
9.1

354.5
86.3

14
12

7.7
1.0

133.2
44.5

9
4

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services........ .
...................
Government 7/. ..........................

1
13
38

.3
2.4
10.3

5.5
26.8
72.0

1
3
23

.1
.4
3.2

1.9
2.2
13.3

2
-

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of tatle.




55

-

-

(2)

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

14. 1

230.8

23

5.4

130.3

2
*

.5
-

4.4
-

~

12.4
~

.1

3.2

-

-

-

-

”

~

1
2

.1
1.7

.9
64.8

-

4

.2

6.8

4
1

1.7
(2)

14.9
3/1.0

■

“

~

~

13.4
55.5
52.6
96.3

2
z

.1

1.3
.6

2
2
5

1.2

.4
-

7.3
~

2
-

.6
-

2

.5

4.9

1

4
4
1

.4
.6
.1

8.3
19.6
1.0

3

.5

3
-

Apparel, etc. 4/............... ........
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture...... ......................
Furniture and fixtures.... .............
Paper and allied products..............

Putter and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries...............
Fabricated metal products 5/............

46

26.7

20.8

13

Ordnance and accessories.............. .
Food and kindred products..............
Tobacco manufactures........... ........
Textile mill products..................

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...................... .
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
industries......... .................

235.5

38

31.2

“
5
3
5
4

2.0
.8
1.5
1.7

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

642.0

63.2

45

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

2,092.7

102

All Industries J/...................

Days
idle during
y6sr (dll
stoppages)

Workers
involved

Workers
involved

Manufacturing 1/....... ...........

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Number

00

Industry group

Marylan<1

Louisiana

Kentucky

(2)

“
.2
.2
.5

(3)
2. 1
2. 1
18.0

3

4.6

97.4

1

.1

.7

-

-

-

4
4
-

194.6
42.5
-

1
_

-

1.7
-

~

16.3
1.7
-

2
1
1

.2
.1
.2

10.8
9.8
1.6

57

32.0

1,450.7

.25

19.6

208.8

23

8.7

100.5

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining.. ......... ......................
Contract construction................ .
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.............

32
2

12. 1
.8

1,239.9
18.5

7

8.4

137.6

8

1.0

31.0
29.7

8
11

15.2
3.0

84.2
103.4

7
3

6.9
.3

40.0
5.9

5
3

7. 0
.1

31.1
1.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services.... ...........................
Government 7/............. ......... .

_
1
3

-

_
.1
4.6

1
7

(2)
4.0

.2
25. 2

2
4
1

.2
.2
.1

4.*
2.7
.8

Machinery, except electrical....... .
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies. ............................
Transportation equipment.. ..........
Instruments, etc. 6/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Nonmanufacturing _1/..... ............

(2)
.9

(2)
(3)

Michigan

Massachusetts

Minnesota

All industries _1/ . ................

117

25.2

330.5

300

93.7

1,756.9

91

35.0

775.0

Manufacturing 1y.................. .

52

9.6

136.4

140

30.9

888.7

44

9.0

207.2

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products............ .
Tobacco manufactures...................
Textile mill products...................

5
3

1.5
.4

9.9
10.6

12
~

6.1
-

44. 7
~

4
1

.5
-

23.6
.3

Apparel, etc. 4/.....................
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture.............................
Furniture and fixtures............ .
Paper and allied products..............

1

.1

-

-

-

-

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.. ......................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries..................
Pubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.......... ...............
Leather and leather products......... .
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries....... ........
Fabricated metal products 5/...........

(2)
-

-

1
5

.2
.4

1.4
5.4

4
4
9

.6
.6
1.6

17.0
5. 5
75.7

2
2
1

.1
.5
1.6

.3
7.4
37.4

2

.2

6.8

2
8

.2
.9

7.2
32. 6

2

1. 1
(2)

1.5
.1

~

~

~

~

~

~

1

.1

.7

8
13
20

1
1

(2)

_

~

6

1. 1

8.4
.2
1.8
38.3
11.3

2.9

18.4
50.8
85.8
94.2

9

.5
1.2

Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies. .......... -.................
Transportation equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instruments, etc. 6 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

9

1.2

41.3

27

5.1

105. 1

9

1.5

40.2

4

.2
.1

.4

8
13

108.6
150.2
78.7
14.3

2

.4
. 6

3
3

2.8
3.6
1.5
.6

. 6
.3

5.3
4.8
18.6
6.6

Monmanufacturing J / . ____ - - .................. .............

66

160

62.8

868.2

47

26. 1

567.8

-

2
-

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining ................................... ....................................................
Contract construction........................... .............. ..
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............
Finance, insurance, and real estate...........
Se r vices.......................................................... ..
Government 7/......................................................................

1
z

9

.1

.2
4.1

2

1
-

-

(2)

_

.3
.2

15.6

194.0

-

-

-

-

-

1.7
z.1

-

3

.1
(2)

4
1
1

( 2)
-

1.9

.1
3 0.9
28.0

.3
-

14

2.6

31.0

29

19.5

291.2

18

5.8

106. 1

15
20

1.6
1.9

50. 8
17.7

13
24

14.3
4.2

222.

1
114.9

8
8

17. 5
1.0

411.1
.24.9

2

.8
2.0
6.7

15.2
24. 1
55.2

4
17
74

4.3
20.1

6.7
99.3
134.0

4
6

7
9

See footnotes at end of table.




6

1

56

.3

1

2 .2

(2)

.9
.7

9.7
13.6

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Mississippi

Industry group

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

All industries 2/--*--.............

29

11.6

Manufacturing 1/.....................

18

5.6

2
-

Ordnance and accessories................
food and kindred products..............
Tobacco manufactures...................
Textile mil 1 products.... ............
Apparel, etc. 4/..... ........ .
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture.............................
furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries. ... .......................

Missouri
Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
ys&r (&11
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

201.8

92

39.3

141.2

42

7.3

1.4
-

49.0
“

5
-

.7
~

1

.1

18.6

-

2
-

.3
-

6.8
-

1
3

1.5
.2

_

_

-

2

-

1

(2 )

fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products......... .
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries................
fabricated metal products 5/..... ......

1
1
-

(2 )

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies. .............................
Transportation eguipment....... ........
instruments, etc. 6/...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

-

2

1

New Jersey
Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

700.8

219

51.2

555.8

162.4

111

19.7

333.4

20. 1
-

6
1
5

_
1.9
(2)
3.0

12.2
.1
16.2

-

-

3

.3

1.5

.1
.4
.4

1.2
12.8
19.5

3
4

.2
.4

1.4
6.3

22.4
4. 1

16

2.7

56.3

.6

2

.3

3.9

1.0
1.8
3.5
15.3

6
1
7
4
20

1.1

2.3

19.9
.5
4.0
16.4
31.6

2

.2

(2 )

1.0

1

(2 )

1.5
5.9
.1

1
-

(2 )

.2
*

2

4
6

5

1.9

35.3

3

.4

5.7

13

1.3

20.0

4
1
-

1.5
.1
-

21.8
1.1
-

3
6
1
1

1.3
.9
.1
.1

29.5
21.4
1.2
2.0

7
4
5
2

4.5
.3
.7
.1

83.6
46.6
10.4
2.3

.4
.3
.4

(2 )

.3
.2

11

6.1

60.6

50

32.1

538.4

108

31.6

E22.4

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..... ...........................
Contract construction............ ......
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade........ .

1
5

.1
1.2

10.3
3.0

1
5

.6
.8

72. 1
6.6

1
13

.1
3.8

1.7
41.5

1
1

3.9
.2

27.1
17.2

13
14

20.0
4.6

357.8
74.7

24
33

12.7
2.6

51.6
32.3

finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services..... ......................
Government 7y..................

_
3

_
.6

2.9

2
7
8

.1
1.4
4.6

1.4
13.0
12. 9

2
10
25

.4
.9
11.1

7. 1
11.5
76.7

Aonmanufacturing J/......... .

North Carolina

New York

Ohio

All industries 1/..................

328

111.4

2,083.5

31

12.3

124.8

441

141.3

3,756.6

Manufacturing Jy.-.... ...............

167

53.7

1,163.3

17

3.7

56.6

275

72.5

1,861.1

Ordnance and accessories..... ..........
food and kindred products..............
Tobacco manufactures...................
Textile mill products..................

10
8

2.3
1.1

18.1
7.8

1
1

.3
.4

5.6
—
2.9

16
2

2.0
3.0

91.0
147.4

Apparel, etc. h/................. .....
Lumrer and wood products, except
furniture............................
furniture and fixtures............ .
Paper and allied products............ .

5

.2

9.4

-

-

-

1

3
8

.1
1.4

1.4
14.7

1
1

.1
.1

1.5
2.3

5
13

.8
1.9

23.5
39.6

7
7

15.6
1.3

654. 8
73.6

3

.3

—
10.0

4
7

2.3
1.1

15.0
39.6

3

.2

2 .0

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries... .........................
Chemicals and allied products...... .
Petroleum refining and related
industries...........................

2

.4

18.3

Eubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..... ........................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries...............
fabricated metal products 5/.. ........

4
4
16
14

.8
1.0
3.4
.9

23.0
19.1
90.1
28.5

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies.............................
Transportation eguipment......... ......
Instruments, etc. 6/....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

31

13.1

70.9

1

27
6
4
11

9.3
.5

3
1
-

1.4

99.7
8.0
11.1
14.9

Monmanufacturing J/.......... ........

161

57.7

920.2

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining....... ....................... .
contract construction............ .....
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade........ .

-

-

finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services...............................
Government 7/...... -........

.8

3.3
19.4

17
28
26
65

3.6
3.5
7.6
14.2

70.8
64.5
177. 1
350.2

.2

4.6

41

11.0

423.5

1.2
-

2. 1
5.0
~

19
23
3
2

7. 3
12.0
.9
.5

117.3
235.0
26.4
37.6

14

8.6

68.2

166

68.8

1,895.5

1

.1

-

13
9

7.1
1. 1

813.3
10.6

2 .2

21
32

22.4
2.7

493.9
69.7

4.0
7.7

4
20
67

.8
2. 1
32. 6

9.8
58.4
439.7

1
4

2

.7

36

15.0

18
45

13.1
6.5

105.4
71.6

5
1

7

1.4
16.8
4.1

27.7
95.5
39.4

1
6

37
16

57

(2 )

.9

.2

_

82. 1
498.5

See footnotes at end of table.




“

.8

(2)

_

7.4
(2 )

.5
.6

.7

53.6

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle In thousands)

Industry group

All industries J/...... .........
Manufacturing 1/................... . .
Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products........... .
Tobacco manufactures......... .....
Textile mill products...................
Apparel, etc. 4/............ ...........
Lumber and vood products, except
furniture.............. ..............
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.... ....................
Chemicals and allied products...... .
Petroleum refining and related
industries.......... .............. .

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

44

19.6

28

9.7

3
-

1.0
■

2

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

Number

Workers
involved

570.3

480

154.5

4,063.9

36

7.2

75.4

461.2

222

56.1

1,504.0

15

3.4

48.9

10. 1
-

19
7

1.4
.6

31.8
11.7

”

"

~

-

-

7

.7

5.3

-

-

-

1.7
4.6

37.4
33 6.7

7
9
5

.3
1.3
2.1

7.8
16.4
47.6

1
“

.3

3.8
•

-

.8

3
9

.5
1.0

3/19.9
21.2

2

.3

.5

.1
1.0
.6

.8
12.2
15.8

-

3
8

Rhode Island

Pennsylvania

Oregon

(2)

1

.1

2.2

1

.3

12.3

*

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products..... ............
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries.......... .
Fabricated metal products 5/...... .

1
2
3
2

.1
.4
.5
.3

.5
3.8
28.0
6.7

5
1
16
22
46

.5
.2
2.9
6.6
9.4

8.0
5.8
66.6
358.1
246.5

1
3
2

Machinery, except electrical............
Electrical machinery, eguipaent, and
supplies..............................
Transportation eguipment.....---- ......
Instruments, etc. 6/..... .........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

1. 1

27

11.0

303.1

3

.2

1.9

2
-

1.0
-

33.9
-

17
10
8
3

3.7
9.3
4.3
.1

101.0
149.9
72.5
18.7

3
-

1. 1
-

13.9
(3)

1

(2)

16

9.9

109.2

258

98.4

2,559.9

21

3.9

26.5

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining.. ...............................
Contract construction............ .
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade........ .

1

.4

4.5

43
24

25.9
4.5

1,813.7
42.1

3

.5

5.1

6
4

4.5
4.4

39.2
62.0

27
60

10.3
2.8

208.0
71.8

3
5

.1
.2

3.4
2.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...............................
Government 7y.. - -.. - -.. .............

1
4

.4
3. 1

4
31
69

.8
5.1
49.0

15.9
59. 1
349. 1

1
4
5

.2
.4
2.5

3.1
5.2
7.1

Monmanufacturing 1/..... ............

(2)
.5
Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

91

40.3

749.3

91

52.0

636.3

69

35. 4

1,291.2

52

17.0

543.5

43

20.0

351.9

36

13.6

193.9

Ordnance and accessories.... ...........
Food and kindred products..... .
Tobacco manufactures.... ...........
Textile mill products..................

5
3

.8
1.3

4.1
30.3

2
1

.5
-

12.5
.1

4
1
1

.9
.1

9.4
.9
1.2

Apparel, etc.
.......... -....... .
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture.... ........
Furniture ard fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

4

.5

9. 1

2

.7

4.9

1

.4

3.8

2
1
1

.6
.1
1.0

14.0
3.8
33.4

1
1

.1
.1

1.1
29.7

1
2

.1
1.2

7. 1
(3)
36.0

4

.6

4.8

5

.9

11.7

1

2.0

46.0

All industries J/....... ...........
Manufacturing J y ....... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries............................
Chemicals and allied products...... .
Petroleum refining and related
industries.... .....................

(2)

(2)

-

"

-

3

4. 1

21.5

-

-

fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products...... .................
Leather and leather products............
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries...............
Fabricated metal products 5/.... .

2
3
4
7

.3
.7
4.1
1.1

25.6
5.8
59.6
67.3

3
3
7

1.1
.8
1.6

19.0
2.8
38.3

2
1
2

.8
.2
.5

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies.... .........................
Transportation eguipment..............
Instruments, etc. 6/.. _____ ........---Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

9

4.0

244.7

6

.8

21.4

3

.7

6.8

4
2
1
-

1.6
.2
.1
-

34.4
5.6
.9
-

1
8
-

.1
9.2
-

6.6
182.2
-

14
3
-

4.2
2.5
-

7.9
39.3
-

fionnanufacturing J/.............. .

39

23.3

205.8

48

32.0

284.4

33

21.8

1,097.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining........... .
Contract construction...................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade......... .

1
11

.1
2.1

.6
43.5
10.4

13

8.7

133. 1

15
4

7.0
.7

694.0
2.7

5
9

9.9
1.7

60.4
32.5

7
14

17.6
3.6

72.6
32.2

6
5

13.2
.2

393.4
3.9

10.9
47.6

1
10
3

(2)
1.7

.9
45.0
.5

1
1
1

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...............................
Government J/...........................

-

3

10

-

1.5
8.0

See footnotes at end cf table.




58

-

-

.3

-

-

-

11.4
.6
23.5

.3

(2)
(2)

.3

.5

2.8

Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

All industries J/..... .
Manufacturing 1/.....................
Ordnance and accessories..........-.....
Pood and kindred products..............
Tobacco manufactures...................
Textile mill products.....-............
Apparel, etc. 4/.......................
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture............................
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products........... .

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Workers
involved

94

41.4

39

16.5

-

-

6

.9
-

-

Wisconsin

West Virginia

Washington

Stoppages
beginning in
year

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

3,392.9

110

28.2

573.2

139.1

69

13.2

366.3

Workers
involved

1,471.1

142

36.1

1,053.3

40

8.1
-

-

16.3
-

-

-

6
11

2.2
11.5

18.6
986. 0

.4

4.0
.1

-

1
1

.2
.1

-

-

3
2

.3

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Number

Number

-

Stoppages
beginning in
year

5.6
3.2

-

-

7
2

.7
.5

31.0
2.6

-

-

-

.2

5.9
,6.7

4
3
4

.9
.2
.7

24.7
2.2
13.7

3

1.2

12.5

3
1

.1
.2

2.8
5.1

2

.2

.7

*

_

.6
.3
.8
.2
1.8

14.6
3.3
5. 1
22.7
19.3

1
5
6
11

.8
.1
1.8
.9

6.5
3.4
84.7
16.0

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.... ..................... .
Chemicals and allied products...........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................

-

Butber and miscellaneous plastics
products..............................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries................
Fabricated metal products 5/...........

2
2
4

.2
.3
.2

2.3
5.4
1.4

4
1
5
3

2

.2

5.3

3

.8

19.4

11

2.7

40.0

4
13. 1

1.2

20.0

4

-

3
-

-

.4

1

.

29.9
84.5
16.8
2.4

102

Machinery, except electrical............
Llectrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation eguipment..... .. ...... ..
Instruments, etc. 6/..... ...........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Nonmanufacturing 1 / - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Minin g..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contract construction................. .. .............................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade..............
Finance, insurance, and real estate.....
Services. .............. .................... ................. .. .......................
Government
......................... ....... .. ....................... ..

1
1

1

(2)

.5
-

2
-

1

.

(2 )

(2 )

8

55

24.9

417.8

-

-

-

62

-

17

2.7

5.9

8

11

11.7

8

.6

171.9
129.2

9
13

. 1
9.7

1.2
108.8

1
2

16

.8

(2 )

The number of stoppages reported for a mjaor industry group or division may not equal the
sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been
counted in each. Workers involved and days JtiJe’have been allocated among the respective groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.
4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical
goods; watches and clocks.
5 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the
Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination




-

59

_
6
4

5

1.3
1.7

1

1
1

. 3
. 1

28.0

3,253.8

41

15.1

-

-

-

-

-

1

.

16.6
1.4

3,094.4

8.4

131.3
7.0

.6

_
.4
.6

Z06.9
-

15

4. 1

51.2

7
11

8. 9
.5

56.3
29.8

_

1

6.2
11.7

3
4

. 1
. 1
1.3

1.4
28.0
40.^

3 .3

that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.
6 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical
goods; watches and clocks.
7 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the
Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination
that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 24. Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year

All stoppages............. .....

See




footnotes

at

end

of

State and metropolitan area

4,230
69
19
7
5
12
9
31
13
9
28
6
6
7
296
16
8
10
114
37
7
19
11
16
27
6
7
10
9
6
37
7
24
55
11
13
16
10
7
5
6
23
20
18
26
37
26
13
7

50
7

14
7

12
40
15
8

18
14
15
314
132 I
116
9
8
10
6

211
12
11
26
18
31

1,622.6

36,921.5

21.6
4.7
3.9
2.5
1.5
.9
20.2
11.0
4.8
8.6
.8
.6
2.5
124.3
16.9
2.2
1.8
59.4
7.0
.6
10.2
1.9
7.0
4.5
.6
.8
1.2
1.3
.8
17. 1
1.5
8.7
8.4
3.2
1.2
1.3
.9
.4
.4
.2
8.7
8.5
8.4
6.4
10.1
6.4
1.3
2.4
20.2
5.6
4.0
1.5
3.8
23.8
12.7
1.6
12.4
11.3
5.0
135.7

1,069.0
242.0
20.3
53.6
58.2
23.3
317.7
163.4
85.6
120.8
11.3
10.3
11.9
2,295.4
90.8
16.7
37.8
1,147.0
424.7
16.9
131.1
86.7
34.6
60.4
29.0
21.2
27. 1
30.6
46.6
185.9
7.3
74.6
238.5
94.4
32.6
63.5
12.5
7.3
5. 1
18.7
139.2
141.4
131.1
63.6
99.5
63.6
25.1
10.8
227.8
41.7
74.4
16.4
52.1
202.6
112.0
18.5
99.7
97.7
41.3
3,037.1

57.0
50.5
1.8
9.4

897.6
685.2
68.0
86.4
102.3
5.2
1,497.0
27.5
22.6
127.2
212.3
81.8

3 .3
.6

62.0
3.6
3 .3

12.6
6 .6

3.8

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Workers
involved

Number

Alabama............ ...............
Birmingham........... ..........
Huntsville...... ...............
Mobile.... -.......-..... .
Alaska.................. .........
Anchorage.......................
Arizona............................
Phoenix.........................
Tucson ...........................
Arkansas. ..........................
Fort Smith, AR-OK...............
Arkansas portion...............
little Rock-North Little Bock....
California........................
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove...
Bakersfield.....................
Fresno....................
los Angeles-long Beach..........
Oakland-East Bay................
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura......
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.
Sacramento.. ..........
San Diego.......................
San Francisco...................
San Jose.........................
San Mateo county................
Santa Cruz......................
Stockton........................
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa..........
Colorado.................. -......
Colorado Springs................
Denver-Boulder. .........
Connecticut........................
Bridgeport.......................
Hartford........................
Mew Haven-West Haven.............
Mew london-Morwich, CT-RI.......
Connecticut portion...........
Morwalk.... ......-.............
Waterbury...... - ...............
Delaware..........................
Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ............
Delaware portion..............
District of Columbia...... .
Washington, DC-MD-VA............
District of Columbia portion...
Maryland portion..............
Virginia portion..............
Florida- - ................-........
Jacksonville....................
Miami............................
Orlando..........................
Tampa-St. Petersburg............
Georgia............ .
Atlanta.........................
Savannah....... ........
Hawaii ....................
Honolulu............... ........
Idaho..............................
Illinois. .........................
Chicago Northwestern Indiana
Standard Consolidated Area....
Chicago 2 / ..... -..............
Decatur.......................
Peoria..........................
Eockford........................
Springfield..... ...............
Indiana............................
Evansville, IM-KY...............
Indiana portion..... ........
Fort Wayne.......... ...........
Gary-Hammond-Iast Chicago 2/ ....
Indianapolis.....................

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Muncie..........................
South Bend......................
Terre Haute...... ...........
Iowa..............................
Cedar Rapids....................
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline,
IA-IL.........................
Illinois portion.. ............
Des Moines.......... ...... .
Dubuque.............. ...........
Sioux City, IA-NE...............
Iowa portion..................
Waterloo-Cedar Falls............
Kansas.............................
Wichita.........................
Kentucky.... ......................
Lexington-Fayette...............
Louisville, KY-IN...............
Kentucky portion..............
Paducah.........................
Louisiana.......................
Baton Rouge.....................
Lake Charles........ ............
New Orleans.....................
Maine.............................
Maryland..........................
Baltimore........ ...............
Massachusetts.................... .
Boston.......................
Fall River, MA-RI...............
Massachusetts portion.........
Lawrence-Haverhill, MA-NH.......
Massachusetts portion.........
Mew Bedford.....................
Pittsfield......................
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke,
MA-CT.........................
Massachusetts portion...... .
Worcester.... ............... .
Michigan..........................
Ann Arbor........ ...............
Detroit.........................
Flint...........................
Grand Rapids....................
Jackson.........................
Ralamazoo-Portage...............
Lansing-East Lansing............
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights.......
Saginaw.........................
Minnesota.........................
Duluth-Superior, MM-WI..........
Minnesota portion.............
Wisconsin portion.............
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI.....
Minnesota portion.............
Mississippi........................
Biloxi-Gulfport.....................
Jackson...... .......... .............
Missouri.......................
Kansas City, MO-KS .................
Missouri portion.................
Kansas portion....................
St. Louis, MO — IL...... .............
Missouri portion.................
Illinois portion............. .
Montana..................................
Great Falls..........................
Nebraska........... ............. .
Oma h a f N R— T A ___- _____ _ - . _______ ___. « _
Nebraska portion....... ......
Nevada....... ........ .......................
Las Vegas.......................
Np
I

v

Hsmpshi

r p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

New Jersey............. ...........
Atlantic City...................

table.

60

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

Workers
involved

13
14
11
47
6

1.6
2. 1
1.7
12.8
1.1

41.1
62. 8
44. 5
165.8
35.9

18
15
11
5
5
5
5
21
8
102
5
25
24
5
38
7
5
15
24
46
25
117
50
8
6
9
9
7
12

6. 1
6.0
1.2
.2
.7
.7
.5
14.5
1.5
63.2
1.0
28.0
27.7
.6
20.8
1.2
8. 4
6.5
7.6
14.1
8.0
25.2
16.5
1.7
1.2
.7
.7
.7
1. 1

75.2
74.0
22.0
1.1
3.7
3.7
4.5
119.5
15.5
2,092.7
21.6
375. 1
344. 5
10.6
235.5
10.9
133.6
54.3
213.5
230.8
84.3
330. 5
131.5
45.9
41.7
12. 1
12. 1
9.8
26. 7

15
15
11
300
7
120
16
34
14
16
17
10
12
91

1.1
1.1
1.9
93.7
2.0
39.8
3.9
10.7
1.8
1.7
2.6
5.3
3.9
35.0
5.5
3. 5
2. 0
22.3

13.2
13.2
41. 6
1,756.9
19.3
619.5
58.5
301. 3
47.8
27.0
24. 1
205.0
59.5
775.0
79.5
43.9
35.7
608. 1
607.4
201.8
1.9
26. 7
700.8
343.2
322.4
20. 8
595.7
153. 9
441.8
56. 1
3. 7
79.3
45. 6
41.5
43.7
5.4
60. 5
555. 8

22

16
7
55
54
29
6
5

92
33
29
5
54

41
15
19
6
14
12
11
11
5
15
219
8

2 2 .2

11.6
.9
1.3
39.3
16.6
13. 3
3 .3

27.9
14. 1
13.8
7. 9
.5

14.2
6. 8
6.0
3.0
.7
3. 1
51.2
1.3

6 .6

Table 24. Continued—Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

State and metropolitan area

Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Days
idle during
year (all
stoppages)

29.2
42.7
149.4

67
13

1.0

19.2

728
34
8
7
49
6
46
116

111.4
15.3
.7
.6
8.9
.5
4.5
64.6

2, 083.5
41.9
4.5
3.8
176.7
14.4
66. 6
1,306.6

318
6
12
7
21
19
31
6

113.2
.2
1.8
.4
5.5
2.0
12.3
1.7

1,743.0
3.0
34.9
10.0
186. 1
19.4
124.8
13. 1

8
5
5
5
441
25
26
46
42
72
42
31
8
12
13
11
7
12
5
7
28
22
7
22
23
15
44
30
25
7
480

1.3
1.2
3.2
1.0
141.3
3.5
8. 1
11.5
9.2
24.8
11.0
9.8
1.9
2.7
2.6
2. 1
1.1
1.7
.8
.9
14.8
14.0
.8
6.4
10.2
7.0
19.6
14.8
11.0
3.8
154.5

30.0
23.5
17.4
14.8
3,756.6
103.9
151.1
149.1
132.0
575.9
190.1
182.8
11.5
37.9
124.3
21.8
36.6
52.4
40.8
11.6
262.3
239.3
23.0
141.1
262.0
200.6
570.3
598.4
253.2
345.3
4,063.9

20
18
8
14
14

2.7
2.6
.5
3.6

69.0
68.7
6.6
63.1
58.9

•---.............

New York-Northeastern New Jersey

Syra nisp_______________ _____ ___
fjAcfr ha czj- a |~ rnn n-fy ii / _ T_ _____
Knrtk Carnlira_____________ ____...
rhar 1nt +e— Gaston ia_______ ....___
Greensboro-Winston-SalemHi <jh Pni nt_____ _______________
Wilmington__________ ____ _______
________
PaYgn-MrifiTyioarlj KT\*MK
. ___ ...
fibrin
fa nt on__________________________
Pi nrinn^tj f)H—Ky-JN , ________
flhSrv pnft inn . ... __________
r 1p v p 1q nrl. _____________________
m l umhus________________________
Dayton..... .....................
8^ mi 1ton— M iilillp+OBn_____________
J.nT*^ ip— y
-iti t t - it ____ _.
Mancf i
..
..... .
......
rirjfol ^ ...
___...
•l+piihpiivil 1p-Hpirtnn ( OH — HV_____
nh in pnr + ir»n
_ ___ ______ __
lipqt Virginia portion_________
Tnledn, OH-MT__________ ________
flhi n pnf + -jnr _ _____________
Ml r)ri /j^n pnrti nn _ _ ___ ___
Yonngstown—Harren________________
Ok 1a ho ma_____________________ _____
Orpgon____________________________
Portland, CR-WA________ _____ _
Orpgon portion________ ________
Washington portion ___________
Po nnsylvania_____________ _________
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,
PA-NJ_____________ ____________
Pennsylvania portion__________
A1toona___ _____________________
Harri Rhnrq _____________________

2 .2

Johnstown........................
lancaster........................
Northeast Pennsylvania 5/ ......
Philadelphia, PA-NJ.............
Pennsylvania portion..........
New Jersey portion..........__
Pittsburgh......................
Eeadin g..........................
York. ............................
Rhode Island......................
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket.
RI-M A.... .....................
Rhode Island portion...........
South Carolina......... ..........
Charleston.......................
Columbia.....................
Tennessee.........................
Chattanooga, TN-GA..... .........
Tennessee portion..............
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA........
Knoxville................. .
Memphis, TN-MS-AR.... ...........
Tennessee portion. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nashville-Davi dsnn..........____
Texas.................... .........
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange......
Dallas-Fort Worth...............
El Paso.........................
Galveston-Texas City.............
Houston..........................
San Antoni o.................__ _
Texarkana, TX-AR................
Texas portion..................
Tyler.......... .................
Utah..............................
Salt Lake City-Ogden.............
Vermont....... ................
Virginia.... ...........
Norfolk-Virginia BeachPortsmouth, VA-NC.............
Virginia portion.........__ ...
Richmond.........................
Roanok e.......... ...............
Washington ........___ .....________
Richland-Kennewick...............
Seattie-Everett..............___
Spokane....................
Tacoma...........................
West Virginia............. ........
Charleston ___________.....____ _
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH....
West Virginia portion.........
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH.....
West Virginia portion..........
Wheeling, WV-OH......__ ...______
West Virginia portion.._______
Wisconsin..........................
Appleton-Oshkosh.................
Green Bay.......................
Kenosha. ................... .
Madison.................. .
Milwaukee.................. .
Racine.................... .
Wyoming............................

1 Includes data for each metropolitan area in which 5 stoppages or more began in 1978.
Some metropolitan areas include counties in more than 1 State, and, hence, an area may equal
or exceed the total for the State in which the major city is located. Stoppages in the logging and
mining industries are excluded. Stoppages occurring in more than one metropolitan area are
counted separately in each area affected; the workers involved and days idle are allocated to the
respective areas.
2 Included in the Chicago, III— Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area.




Stoppages
beginning in
year
Number

Workers
involved

New Brunsvick-Perth

Albany-Schenectady-Troy.........

State and metropolitan area

!
I Workers
[involved

Days
idle during
yG3.IT (32.3.
stoppages)

9
10
30
113
88
27
133
14
9
36

.6
1. 1
5. 1
59.4
53.7
5.7
28.7
3. 2
3.5
7.2

14.3
6.7
91.1
521.3
408.0
113.3
713.0
53.2
93.5
75.4

34
32
21
8
7
91
6
6
6
21
29
28
8
91
13
18
5
9
28
7
7
5
6
11
6
11
69

6.3
6. 2
10.3
1.5
2. 3
40.3
2. 6
2.4
1.2
8.8
15.5
15.3
3.4
52.0
12.5
14.0
.4
1.0
5.6
1.0
3.2
2.7
3.6
5.4
2.3
.g
35.4

70.1
65. 7
69.0
9. 8
31.4
749.3
44. 9
44.3
42. 5
105. 6
146.2
144.4
•25.5
636. 3
138.5
189.4
7.9
25. 9
67. 8
29. 6
64.6
55.2
14. 8
204.9
27. 1
11.5
1,291.2

9
9
5
8
94
15
33
9
13
142
16
16
12
8
5
15
12
110
10
8
6
10
35
6

3.7
3.7
2.4
4. 1
41.4
2.6
14.5
2.4
4.6
36.1
1.7
6.4
3.0
2.5
1.6
3.5
3.1
28.2
1.2
1.3
.9
.7
10.6
1.4

90. 1
90. 1
11.9
200. 4
1,471. 1
6.0
387. 4
21.1
1Oz. 2
3,392. 9
25. 3
96.0
43.8
36.7
27. 3
36.6
25.8
573. 2
24.9
14. 9
59.7
40.4
175.3
14.9
125. 3

5

8 .8

3 Included in the New York— Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area.
4 Included in the New York City SMSA and New York— Northeastern New Jersey Standard
Consolidated Area.
5 Includes Scranton and Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton.
NOTE:Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

61

Table 25. Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Industry group

Total

4-6
days

2-3
days

1
day

15-29
days

7-14
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Stoppages ending in year
2/4,250

383

366

446

792

858

706

308

391

2/2,134

84

134

184

363

489

434

189

257

Ordnance and accessories.... .
Food and kindred products.............
Tobacco manufactures........ .........
Textile mill products......... .......

2
164
2
41

10
2

7
1
1

10
5

30
1
12

1
50
4

26
8

19
4

1
12
5

Apparel, etc. 3/......................
lumber and mcod products, except
furniture.... ......................
Furniture and fixtures................
taper and allied products.............

48

4

3

5

10

8

6

2

10

66
59
88

2
“

2
6
6

4
6
6

12
6
15

19
21
19

14
12
19

7
4
10

6
4
13

37
114

4

3
9

6
9

5
15

4
20

6
32

4
14

9
11

2

2

2

4

5

4

2

1
1
8
11

8
1
9
15
27

5
1
12
17
21

13
3
22
28
61

21
42
48
74

25
2
20
31
91

7
12
24
27

8
2
15
36
47

286

10

13

24

50

66

63

24

36

192
152
31
35

24
6
1

12
6
2
1

33
16
2

35
31
6
6

37
31
11
9

30
30
7
7

10
10
2
5

11
22
3
4

All industries....................
Manufacturing...............

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries..........................
Chemicals and allied products.........
Petroleum refining and related
industries.. .............. .........
fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products. ...........................
Leather and leather products..........
Stone, clay, and glass products.......
Primary metal industries..............
Fabricated metal products 4/.... .....
Machinery, except electrical..........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies............................
Transportation eguipment.... ...... .
Instruments, etc. 5/................ .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

21
88
9
133
207
359

2/2, 117

299

232

262

430

369

272

119

134

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
Mining...... ..........................
Contract construction.................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Wholesale and retail trade............

14
274
383

138
25

1
59
50

2
33
60

6
15
105

2
12
73

2
8
43

1
3
14

6
13

258
451

14
15

17
15

23
37

52
73

53
110

43
92

24
53

32
56

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services..............................
Government 6/.... ....................

21
235
483

1
10
96

14
76

1
23
83

8
54
119

3
55
61

4
43
37

2
16
6

2
20
5

Monmanufacturing........... .

Workers involved
2/1,779.8

96.5

105.2

238.5

275.7

198.2

176.9

415.0

273.8

Manufacturing........... ............

2/567.9

17.7

38.8

68.3

85. 1

114.9

101.8

65.7

75.5

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products..............
Tobacco manufactures............. .
Textile mill products.................

1.6
31.9
.2
13.8

1.9
.4

_
4.3

1.4
4.0

9.7
.1
2.0

.4
7.6
1.5

3.9
2.5

1.3
2.9

1.3
1.8
.6

Apparel, etc. 3/......................
Lumber and mcod products, except
furniture...........................
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

6.8

.5

.2

.6

2.2

1.3

.4

.5

1. 1

12.1
8.9
24.4

.2
“

.3
.7
1. 1

2.2
.6
1.3

.6
.5
2.7

3.4
3.2
3.0

2.7
1.2
9.7

1.9
.8
2.4

.7
1.8
4.2

23. 9
19.7

.7

2.1
1.7

8.0
1.3

.5
.9

.4
1.6

.9
6.3

10.9
5.6

1.0
1. 6

.3

4. 1

.2

.4

.4

.9

.1

3.1
.1
1.0
4.4
5.7

1.0
.2
1.7
3.0
2.3

1.5
.4
2.6
10.2
9.4

3.8
6.9
10.6
14.9

5.9
.1
4. 0
8.4
13.1

.8
1.1
3.9
3.3

.7
.5
1.9
11.9
9.0

All industries.......... ....... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...........................
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
industries....... ...................

(7)
.1

6.3

fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.............................
Leather and leather products....... .
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries..............
Fabricated metal products 4/....... .

16.9
1.3
19.6
54. 1
58.9

Machinery, except electrical..........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies............... .............
Transportation eguipment..............
Instruments, etc. 5/............ .....
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

87.5

3.3

4.9

11.1

16.9

14.6

18.5

6.8

11.4

77.0
88.0
9.8
5.1

6.8
.4
.1

3.2
4.6
.8
.1

15.7
9.3
.5

7.7
14.5
1.7
.7

12.8
26.2
1.6
.8

11.2
7.2
4.2
1.1

16.7
3.9
1. 1
1.0

2.9
21.9
.4
.8

2/1,211.9

.1
.4
1.6
1.2

78.8

66.4

170.1

190.6

83.3

75. 1

349.3

198.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
Mining. ......... ......................
Contract construction.................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Wholesale and retail trade............

1.7
283.1
169.0

27.4
5.0

(7)
19.4
17.4

.1
16.2
25. 1

.7
44.4
53.2

.2
3.4
28.3

.4
1.0
26.2

.2
.8
11.0

170.6
2.8

394.3
121.8

20.7
2.5

11.7
.8

6.0
67.0

3.6
11.2

4.7
14.8

6.8
13.2

326.8
5.4

14. 1
7.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...... ........................
Government 6/.........................

7.5
37.7
196.8

.1
.7
22.5

1.3
15.8

.4
14. 1
41.4

.2
6.5
70.8

5.2
5.1
21.7

.6
4.9
21.9

.1
2.7
2.3

.9
2. 4
.5

Monmanufacturing....................

See footnotes at end of table.




62

Table 25. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

I ndustry group

Total

1
day

2-3

4-6

7-14

15-29

days

day s

da y s

days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Days idle

2/39,751.9

96.5

219.0

840.7

1,811.7

2,892.0

5,027.0

6,386.2

22,478.8

2/15,541.9

17.7

81.1

227.0

607.0

1,639.5

2,928.5

2,686.0

7,355.1

O r d n a n c e a nd a c c e s s o r i e s ...... ...........
F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ................
T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ....... .
T e x t i l e n i l l p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

86.5
509.8
1.0
341.3

-

_

_

_

_

1.9

8.9

4.8

119.1

64.9

-

.1

-

-

-

-

-

.4

.2

14.4

62.6
.9
14.2

6.9
113.1
25.6

76.7

146.5

63.2

A p p a r e l , etc. j / . .................... .
l u aber and wood products, e xcept
f u r n i t u r e . ................................
F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s . . . . . .........
P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ...............

167.6

.5

.4

2.4

15.1

19.3

10.2

22.7

97. 0

248.5
293.2
885.4

.2

.9
1.5

8.8
2. 1
4.0

3.9
4.2
18.7

54.8
40.9
47.1

79.4
29.6
303. 1

55.8
36.2
106.9

44.8
178.8
403.5

775.3
746.2

—
.7

3.9
3.2

30.6
5.0

3.7
6.7

5.3
26.0

29.1
175.0

636.0
306.6

66.7
222.9

94.0

“

.8

20.4

1.6

6.3

11.5

42.8

10.7

350.4
53.3
458.2
1,932.2
1,722.9

.1
.4

4.7

3.6

8.3
4.1
16.8
84.2
62.4

56.5
103.5
133.4
221.7

163.8
4.5
103.4
244.1
361.5

37.6

5.7
10.4
7.9

53.2
191.7
172. 1

75.6
43.6
172.7
1,257.0
884.8

A l l i n d u s t r i e s . . . . ...... .............
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ..................... .

Printing, publishing, and allied
i n d u s t r i e s ........... ........ ...........
Chenicals and allied products..........
P e t r o l e u a r e f i n i n g an d r e l a t e d
in d u s t r i e s ...........................
Butter and niscellaneous plastics
products.............................
L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s . ...... .
S t o n e , c l ay, a nd g l a s s p r o d u c t s . . . .....
P r i m a r y n e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . ..... ..........
F a b r i c a t e d n e t a l p r o d u c t s 4/.......... .
M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ...... .
I l e c t r i c a l n a c h i n e r y , e g u i p n e n t , and
s u p p l i e s . . . ....... ................ .
Transportation eguipnent...............
I n s t r u m e n t s , etc. 5 / .......................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
M o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ..................... .
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries...
M i n i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . ................ .
Transportation, communication.
e l e c t r i c , gas, a n d s a n i t a r y services.
Bholesale and retail trade.............
F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a te....
S e r v i c e s . . . ..................... ........ .
G o v e r n m e n t £ / . . ........... ................

-

2 .2

.2

-

-

79.6
134.5

1.6
1.2

2.4
9.8
11.4

2,310.5

3.3

11.7

29.5

126.3

223.3

519.0

354.7

1,042.7

1,159.7
2,936.3
262.8
206.9

6.8

7.1
10.3
1.2

46.6
28.4

.1

1.5

60.3
91.4
14.8
6.4

193.2
327.2
23.2
12.3

321.1
209.0
138.2
30.1

155.8
202.2
51.2
49.2

368.6
2,067.3
34. 1
107.2

2/24,210.1

78.8

138.0

613.7

1,204.7

1,252.5

2,098.5

3,700.2

15,123.7

35.4
12,939.3
2,262.6

-

.1

27.4
5.0

38.8
37.7

.5
49. 6
89.9

4.4
184.4
382.4

2.9
48. 1
384.3

14.9
32.8
744.3

12.6
36.6
437.3

12,521.5
181.8

4,257.2
2,036.5

20.7
2.5

21.5
1.6

19.8
257.7

28.2
80.5

70.9
221.1

217.2
371.9

2,691.3
271.4

1,187.6
829.7

.1
.7

_

1.6
54.1
140.5

1;7
45.4
477.7

98.9
70.5
355.8

13.3
121.5
582.6

2.6
143.3
105. 1

59. 0
299.8
44.3

177. 1
737.8
1,764.2

.4
.1

2.5
35.8

22.5

-

-

goods; watches and clocks.
• The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the
Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination
that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy.
r Fewer than 50.

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2,4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stop­
pages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous
year.
2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the
sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been
counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups.
2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment
5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical




.8

_

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

63

Table 26. Work stoppages by major issue and duration, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Major issue

Total

1
day

4-6
days

2-3
days

7-14
days

15-29
days

30-59
days

60-89
days

90 days
and over

Stoppages ending in year
All issues............... ...........
General wage changes...................
Supplementary benefits.................
Wage adjustments........................
Hours of work.............. ........ .
Other contractual matters..............
Onion organization and security.........
Job security...........................
Plant administration....... .........
Other working conditions.......... .
Interunion cr intraunion matters........
Not reported...... .................

4,250

383

366

446

792

858

706

308

391

2,755
66
129
16
216
272
130
497
58
99
12

90
6
21
28
19
23
158
15
22
1

142
7
25
2
16
23
17
93
8
32
1

244
6
17
1
21
26
11
87
9
22
2

562
12
28
2
44
39
24
56
11
12
2

676
17
8
3
32
43
17
50
4
7
1

554
11
17
3
30
47
15
22
2
3
2

232
3
4
2
16
23
11
13
3
1

255
4
9
3
29
52
12
18
6
1
2

Workers involved
All issues...........................
General wage changes....................
Supplementary benefits.................
Wage adjustments.......................
Hours of work..........................
Other contractual matters..............
Union organization and security........
Job security.............. .............
Plant administration....................
Other working conditions...............
Interunion or intraunion matters.......
Not reported...........................

1,779.8

96.5

105.2

238.5

275.7

198.2

176.9

415.0

273.8

838.8
19.9
38.4
4.2
42.0
38.5
392. 1
340.7
32.0
32.6
.7

19.7
3.3
5.2
6.0
1.8
5.4
44. 1
7.4
3.6
(2)

27.5
4.2
8.1
.1
2.1
3.2
6.1
39.9
1.3
12.6
.1

148.6
.7
5.7
.7
4.8
11.4
8.2
47.2
2. 1
8.9
.1

212.3
2.3
8.8
.1
9.7
2.7
17.6
15.7
3.4
3.0
.1

148.5
4.6
1.9
.5
7.2
9.7
6.6
15.7
.5
2.9
(2)

150.2
3.6
6.1
.7
4.8
3.7
3.1
3.4
.2
.9
.1

49.7
,9
.7
1.1
1.7
1.3
341.4
2.8
15.4

82.2
.4
1.8
1.0
5.8
4.6
3.8
171.8
1.7
.6
.2

-

(2)

Days idle
All issues............................

39,751.9

96.5

219.0

840.7

1,811.7

2,892.0

5,027.0

6,386.2

22,478.8

General wage changes...................
Supplementary benefits.................
Mage adjustments.......................
Hours of work..........................
Other contractual matters..............
Union organization and security........
Job security........... ...............
Plant administration........ ..........
Other working conditions...............
Interunion cr intraunion matters........
Not reported...........................

18,721.2
329.9
462.2
221.4
1,170.0
832.4
4,144.7
13,439.7
258.5
152.1
19.9

19.7
3.3
5.2
6.0
1.8
5.4
44. 1
7.4
3.6
(2)

59.7
8.8
16.6
.2
4.4
7.0
13.5
81.4
2.5
24.8
.1

554.3
2.6
14.4
2.2
14.4
36.6
34.8
144.5
7.8
28.4
.5

1,427.4
19.0
46.8
.6
47.1
18.4
123.5
94.4
22.6
11.4
.5

2,257.3
74.8
29.5
9.3
94.8
113.8
95.3
179.5
8.6
28.5
.6

4,309.9
126.6
136.6
21.3
125.7
94.1
89.5
92.7
5.2
23.0
2.4

2,385.3
43.3
32.2
60.0
79.6
70.2
3,478.1
140.5
96.7

7,707.7
51.6
180.8
127.9
798.0
490.3
304.5
12,662.6
107.7
32.4
15.3

1
Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to
stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in
a previous year.




64

-

.4

2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding,iHHWrindividual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 27. Work stoppages by contract status and duration, 19781
(W orkers and days idle in thousands)_______ __________________________________________________________________________

Stoppages ending in year
Contract status and duration

Stoppages

Workers involved

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Days idle
Number

Percent

All stoppages..............

4,250

100.0

1,779.8

100.0

39,751.9

100.0

1 day........................
2 to 3 days..................
4 to 6 days.............. .
7 to 14 days.................
15 to 29 days................
30 to 59 days................
60 to 89 days................
90 days and over........ .

383
366
446
792
858
706
308
391

9.0
8.6
10.5
18.6
20.2
16.6
7.2
9.2

96.5
105.2
238.5
275.7
198.2
176.9
415.0
273.8

5.4
5.9
13.4
15.5
11.1
9.9
23.3
15.4

96.5
219.0
840.7
1,811.7
2,892.0
5,027.0
6,386.2
22,478.8

.2
.6
2.1
4.6
7.3
12.6
16.1
56.5

Negotiation of first agreement
or union recognition........
1 day. ..................
2 to 3 days.......... .....
4 to 6 days................
7 to 14 days...... ........
15 to 29 days..............
30 to 59 days....... .
60 to 89 days..............
90 days and over...........

444
12
19
37
69
90
92
46
79

10.4
.3
.4
.9
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.1
1.9

40.1
.5
1.8
4.9
6.1
6.7
7.8
3.4
9.0

2.3
(2)
.1
.3
.3
.4
.4
.2
.5

1,383.5
.5
3.8
16.2
40.8
97.3
225.8
183.4
815.7

3.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
.1
.2
.6
.5
2.1

Benegotiation of agreement
(expiration or reopening)....
1 day......................
2 to 3 days............. .
4 to 6 days....... .
7 to 14 days...... .........
15 to 29 days...... .
30 to 59 days..............
60 to 89 days..............
90 days and over...........

2,824
105
150
246
579
683
560
238
263

66.4
2.5
3.5
5.8
13.6
16.1
13.2
5.6
6.2

1,399.9
23.9
29.7
165.2
220.8
166.0
153.5
383.3
257.5

78.7
1.3
1.7
9.3
12.4
9.3
8. 6
21.5
14.5

35,256.5
23.9
66.1
610.7
1,462.0
2,532.2
4,420.5
5,382.5
20,758.7

88.7
.1
.2
1.5
3.7
6.4
11.1
13.5
52.2

During term of agreement
(negotiation of new
agreements not involved)....
1 day........... ...........
2 to 3 days................
4 to 6 days........ .
7 to 14 days............ .
15 to 29 days......... .
30 to 59 days..... .........
60 to 89 days..... .
90 days and over...........

653
225
162
121
85
29
19

15.4
5.3
3.8
2.8
2.0

276.1
64.2
67.3
52.0
41.5
12.5
10.6
27.3
.8

15.5
3.6
3.8
2.9
2.3

1,844.7
64.2
139.1
164.8
265.6
99.6
247.9
773.7
89.7

4.6
.2
.4
.4

No contract or other contract
status.................. .
1 day................. .
2 to 3 days......... .......
4 to 6 days................
7 to 14 days................
15 to 29 days............ .
30 to 59 days..............
60 to 89 days......... .
90 days and over........ .

151
34
26
27
20
18
9
7
10

3.6
.8
.6

37.9
6.8
4.2
9.1
3.4
9.1
3.7

2. 1
.4

.2

1.0

.1

435.2
6.8
6.8
28.0
19.9
107.2
94.1
26.0
146.4

No information on contract
status..................
1 day......................
2 to 3 days................
4 to 6 days................
7 to 14 days........ .......
15 to 29 days...... .
30 to 59 days...............
60 to 89 days..............
90 days and over...........

178
7
9
15
39
38
26
11
33

4.2
.2
.2
.4
.9
.9

25.8
1.2
2.2
7.3
3.9
3.9
1.3
.5
5.5

1.4
.1
.1
.4
.2
. :•
.1
(2)
.3

832.1
1.2
3.3
21.0
23.4
55.6
38.7
2O'.6
668.3

6
6

.7

.4
.1
.1

.6

.5
.4
.2
.2

.6

.3
.8

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because
these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include
idleness from strikes which began in a previous year.




.6

.7
.6

1.5
(2 )

.2

.5
.2

.5
.2
(2 )

.7

.3
.6

1.9
.2

1.1
(2 )
(2 )

.1
(2 )

.3
.2

.1
.4
2.1
(2)
(2)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.7

1 Less than 0.05 percent,
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.

65




Table 28. Work stoppages by contract status and mediation, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages
Contract status and media t i o n agency

All stoppages................. .

Workers involved

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Days idle
Number

Percent

4,250

100.0

1,779.8

100.0

39,751.9

100.0

Government mediation 2/.................
Federal mediation.....................
State mediation.......... ............
Federal and State mediation combined...
Other mediation.......................
Private mediation.............. ........
No mediation reported...... ............
No information..........................

2,335
1,778
320
131
106
119
1,535
261

54.9
41.8
7.5
3.1
2.5
2.8
36.1
6.1

1,239.8
1,042.7
102.6
57.3
37.3
38.7
446. 1
55.2

69.7
58.6
5.8
3.2
2.1
2.2
25.1
3.1

31,991.4
29,004.8
1,298.5
1,282.9
405.3
863.3
5,093.7
1,803.5

80.5
73.0
3.3
3.2
1.0
2.2
12.8
4.5

Negotiation of first agreement..........
Government mediation 2/...............
Federal mediation...................
State mediation.....................
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation......................
No mediation reported.................
No information....... .................

444
221
163
32
11
15
18
177
28

10.4
5.2
3.8
.8
.3
.4
.4
4.2
.7

40.1
21.2
16.1
1.8
1.4
1.9
.8
15.6
2.5

2.3
1.2
.9
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.9
.1

1,383.5
812.4
734.7
18.5
27.0
32.2
15.7
425.4
130.1

3.5
2.0
1.8
(3)
.1
.1
(3)
1.1
.3

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration
or reopening)...... ...................
Government mediation 2/...............
Federal mediation...................
State mediation.....................
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation.....................
Nc mediation reported..... ...........
No information............. ..........

2,824
1,954
1,512
262
116
64
63
686
121

66.4
46.0
35.6
6.2
2.7
1.5
1.5
16.1
2.8

1,399.9
1,137.8
963.7
94.3
55.6
24.2
24.8
205.8
31.5

78.7
63.9
54. 1
5.3
3. 1
1.4
1.4
11.6
1.8

35,256.5
29,574.4
26,923.8
1,116.8
1,240.8
293.0
805.3
3,801.6
1,075.2

88.7
74.4
67.7
2.8
3. 1
.7
2.0
9.6
2.7

Curing term of agreement (negotiation
of new agreement not involved).... .
Government mediation 2/...............
Federal mediation........... .......
State mediation......................
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation.....................
No mediation reported..................
Nc information........................

653
77
43
18
2
14
28
532
16

15.4
1.8
1.0
.4
(3)
.3
.7
12.5
.4

276.1
60.4
44.8
5.4
.2
10.1
10.3
197.5
7.9

15.5
3.4
2.5
.3
(3)
.6
.6
11. 1
.4

1,844.7
1,105.0
997.4
33.5
1.3
72.8
29.4
639.4
70. 9

4.6
2.8
2.5
.1
(3)
.2
.1
1.6
.2

No contract or other contract status....
Government mediation 2/...............
Federal mediation...................
State mediation.....................
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation.....................
No mediation reported........ .
No information........................

151
29
15
2
1
11
10
104
8

3.6
.7
.4
(3)
(3)
.3
.2
2.4
.2

37.9
11.1
10.0
.3
(3)
.8
2.7
22.8
1.2

2.1
.6
.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
.2
1.3
.1

435.2
159.1
147.8
6.3
.4
4.6
12.9
134.2
129.0

1.1
.4
.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
.3
.3

No information on contract status.......
Government mediation 2/...............
Federal mediation...................
State mediation.....................
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation.....................
No mediation reported...... ..........
No information........................

178
54
45
6
1
2
36
88

4.2
1.3
1.1
.1
(3)
(3)

25.8
9.3
8.2
.9
.1
.2
4.5
12.0

1.4
.5
.5
.1
(3)
(3)

832.1
340.5
201.0
123.4
13.3
2.7
_
93.2
398.4

2. 1
.9
.5
.3
(3)
(3)

' Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these
data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from
strikes which began in a previous year.
2 Includes stoppages involving workers in which private mediation was also
employed.

.8
2.1

.3
.7

.

*2
1.0

3 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeros,

66

Table 29. Work stoppages by contract status and type of settlement, 19781
(W orkers and days idle in thousands)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Stoppages ending in year
Contract

status

and type

of

settlement

Stoppages

All stoppages..................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues......
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike..... . ................................
Strike broken................. .................
Work resumed under court injunction............ .
Employer out of business........................
Ho information...................................
negotiation of first agreement or union
recognition...................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike......................................
Strike broken.................................
Kork resumed under court injunction...........
Employer out of business............... ......
Ho information....... .........................
fienegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening) ....................................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues....
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike.... ..................................
Strike broken........................... .....
Work resumed under court injunction...........
Employer out of business......................
Ho information................................
During term of agreement (negotiation of new
agreement not involved).... ..................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues....
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike......................................
Strike broken............... ...............
Work resumed under court injunction...........
Employer out of business............... ......
Ho information.................................
Ho contract or other contract status............
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues....
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike................... ...............
Strike broken.................................
Work resumed under court injunction...........
Employer out of business.... ........... .
Ho information................................
Ho information on contract status...............
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike......... ............................
Strike broken.................. ............
Hork resumed under court injunction...........
Employer out of business......................
Ho information............... ................

Norkers involved

Percent

Number

Humber

Percent

Days idle
Number

Percent

4, 250

100.0

1,779.8

100.0

39,751.9

100.0

3,551

83.6

1,314.3

73.8

34,918.6

87.8

187
170
41
38
263

4.4
4.0
1.0
.9
6.2

63.8
30.4
337.5
4.7
29.2

3.6
1.7
19.0
.3
1.6

137.2
423.1
2,546.5
286.6
1,439.8

.3
1.1
6.4
.7
3.6

444

10.4

40. 1

2.3

1,383.5

3.5

378

8.9

35.7

2.0

1,207.7

3.0

_

_

_

41
2
6
17

1.0
(2)
.1
.4

2.7
.1
.2
1.4

.2
(2)
(2)
.1

56.0
2.6
11.3
105.9

2,824

66.4

1,399.9

78.7

35,256.5

88.7

2,626

61.8

1,048.1

58.9

31,724.3

79.8

2
50
9
24
113

(2)
1.2
.2
.6
2.7

7.1
6.0
323.8
3.6
11.2

.4
.3
18.2
.2
.6

15.4
255.9
2,482.1
239.9
538.8

(2)
.6
6.2
.6
1.4

«

_

_
.1
(2)
(2)
.3

653

15.4

276.1

15.5

1,844.7

4.6

384

9.0

184.0

10.3

1,556.3

3.9

184
51
26
2
6

4.3
1.2
.6
(2)
.1

56.6
20.0
12.4
.5
2.7

3.2
1. 1
.7
(2)
.1

121.6
83.0
56.9
10.0
16.9

.3
.2
.1
(2)
(2)
1.1

151

3.6

37.9

2.1

435.2

124

2.9

35.1

2.0

299.3

.8

1
15
3
2
6

(2)
.4
.1
(2)
.1

.1
1.1
.7
(2)
.8

(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)

.2
8.5
4.4
1.1
121.6

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3

178

4.2

25.8

1.4

832.1

2.1

39

.9

11.4

.6

130.9

.3

_

_
.3
(2)
.1
2.8

13
1
4
121

_
.5
.4
.3
13.2

_
(2)
(2)
(2)
.7

_
19.7
.4
24.3
656.7

_
(2)
(2)
.1
1.7

1
Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer
2 Fewer than 50.
to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began
in a previous year.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-)
denote zeros.




67

Table 30. Work stoppages by major issue and type of settlement, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached
Total
Major issue

No formal
settlement reached

Short
Procedure
protest or
All issues
for
sympathy
resolved
handling
strike
unresolved
issues

Strike
broken

Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

No
information

Stoppages ending in year
All issues...........................
General wage changes.......... .
Supplementary benefits.................
Wage adjustments.................. .
Hours of work.............. ............
Other contractual matters..............
Union organization and security........
Job security........ ...................
Plant administration...................
Other working conditions......... .....
Interunion cr intraunion matters........
Hot reported...................... .

4,250

3,184

367

187

170

41

38

263

2,755
66
129
16
216
272
130
4 97
58
99
12

2,362
54
86
13
109
144
94
256
32
25
9

190
4
14
1
8
46
13
49
6
36
~

13

50
1
7
10
45
8
37
2
8
2

6
1
3
2
4
6
12
4
3
-

17
2
1
2
5
7
2
2
-

130
4
5
82
24
1
10
5
1
1

-

2
6
133
7
26
-

Workers involved
All issues......... ...........
General wage changes...................
Supplementary benefits...... ..........
Wage adjustments............. ..........
Hours of work..........................
Other contractual matters.... ........
Union organization and security........
Job security...........................
Plant administration...................
Other working conditions...............
Interunion or intraunion matters.......
hot reported..... .......

1,779.8

1,185.9

128.4

838. 8
19.9
38. 4
4.2
42.0
38.5
392. 1
340.7
32. 0
32.6
.7

741.9
19.2
20.8
4. 1
27.2
19.9
54.2
261.9
27.7
8.5
.5

74.1
.3
3.9
.1
6.2
8.1
7.0
20.4
1.4
7.1
~

63.8
-

10.2
2.7
1.1
36.6
1.0
12.2
*

30.4

337.5

4.7

29.2

3.9
.1
1.9
.6
3.4
2.0
15.8
.2
2.5
(2)

2.8
.1
.3
.1
.1
326.5
4.7
.6
2.3
-

1.7
.1
.5
.1
.7
.3
1.2
.2

14.5
.2
.8
7.3
4.0
.2
1.3
.9
(2)
.1

423. 1

2,546.5

286.6

1,439.8

106. 8
1.7
3.5
6.1
102.7
15. 4
127. 1
2.5
57.2
.1

53.2
.1
1.5

72.6
.9
31.3
7.7
48.7
21.8
92.0

483.7
2.6
91.3
657.5
111.2
.2
43.7
48.0
.1
1.6

-

Days idle
All issues............................
General wage changes............. ......
Supplementary benefits. .................
Wage adjustments........................
Hours of work............... .......
Other contractual matters..............
Union organization and security........
Job security.............. .
Plant administration............... .
Other working conditions............ .
Interunion or intraunion matters........
Hot reported...... .....................

32,551.6

2,367.0

16,087.9
18,721.2
322.1
329.9 j
287.3
462.2
221.4
213.6
419.0
1,170.0
832.4
435.6
4,144.7
1,468.5
13,439.7
13,089.2
258.5
179.6
152. 1
30.6
19.9
18.2

1,917.1
2.7
14.6
.1
38.0
151.4
106.9
96.0
14.5
25.8

39,751.9

■ Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to
stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a
previous year.




68

137.2
-

32.7
-

6.7
2.0
63.6
1.0
31.3
~

-

.8
3.1
2,459.6
19.9
1.1
7.2

-

11.7
-

“

2 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 31. Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached

Mo formal
settlement reached
Work

Industry group
Total
Short
Procedure
protest or
All issues
for
resolved
handling
sympathy
strike
unresolved
issues

Strike
broken

under
court
injunction

Employer
out of
business

Mo infor~
nation

Stoppages ending in year
All industries...... ...............

2/4,250

3,184

367

187

170

41

38

263

Manufacturing..... ...................

2/2,134

1,756

116

4

72

8

24

154

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products...... ........
Tobacco manufactures............. .
Textile mill products..................

2
164
2
41

1
130
2
33

1
9
1

_
"

8
2

~

_
5
-

_
12
5

Apparel, etc. 3/.......................
lumber and wood products, except
furniture.... ....................
Furniture and fixtures......... .......
Paper and allied products..............

48

32

2

-

4

1

3

6

66
59
88

50
47
73

4
8
3

1
-

2
1
1

1
-

1
3

8
2
8

37
114

28
101

3
3

1

4
1

—
-

-

2
8

21

15

2

-

1

“

-

3

88
9
133
207
359

68
4
112
170
306

8
1
4
12
16

-

2
4
5
9

2
1
1
1

1
1
3
4

7
3
12
16
23

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..........................
Transportation eguipment.......... .
Instruments, etc. 5/...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

286

236

14

2

14

-

2

18

192
152
31
35

166
128
28
26

6
12
3
4

“

11
2
1

1
-

1
-

8
9
4

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries........... ................
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
'industries.. .........................
fiubber and miscellaneous plastics
products........................ .
Leather and leather products....... .
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Primary metal industries....... ........
Fabricated metal products 4/...........

Monmanufacturing...... ...............

2/2,117

1,429

251

183

98

33

14

109

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining.................................
Contract construction............. .
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade............ .

14
274
383

8
64
290

3
19
49

173
4

1
10
25

6
14

1
-

2
1
1

258
451

193
347

16
26

1
1

13
20

3
2

4
7

28
48

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services...............................
Government £/...........................

21
235
483

16
162
351

1
36
101

4

2
10
17

2
2
4

_
2

_
23
6

Workers involved
2/1,779.8

1,185.9

128.4

63.8

30.4

337.5

4.7

29.2

2/567.9

479.5

36.2

6.4

18.7

2.6

4.0

20.3

Ordnance and accessories...............
Food and kindred products.... ........
Tobacco manufactures............
Textile mill products.......... .......

1.6
31.9
.2
13.8

.4
27.0
.2
13.5

1.3
1.5
(7)

_
-

1.3
.1

_
-

_
.8
-

1.2
.2

Apparel, etc. 3/.................... .
lumber and wood products, except
furniture.......... ..................
Furniture and fixtures...... ...........
Paper and allied products..............

6.8

5.8

.1

-

.1

.1

.2

.6

12.1
8.9
24.4

9.4
7.4
21. 1

1.0
.9
1.4

1.2
-

.1

.1

-

.4
.6
.5

23.9
19.7

21.9
18.5

1.0

All industries............... .
Manufacturing............ .

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries...............
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
industries............................

.7

(7)

-

(7)
(7 )

.9

(7)

(7)

1.3

—

-

-

-

.1
.4

6.3

1.8

.1

-

4.0

-

-

.4

Eubber and miscellaneous plastics
products. .............................
leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries.... ...........
Fabricated metal products 4/....... .

16.9
1.3
19.6
54.1
58.9

11.5
.4
17.9
45.5
52.9

1.8
.3
.4
4.1
2.3

-

.1
.4
1.3
.5

1.1
.4
.8
.1

.4
.1
.6
.3

1.9
.2
.8
1.9
2.9

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies.............................
Transportation eguipment.. ...........
Instruments, etc. 5/...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

87.5

72.6

2.8

5.2

4.7

-

.1

2.1

77.0
88.0
9.8
5.1

66.5
72.4
9.0
3.9

3. 1
11.9
.8
.6

-

4.4
.9

.1
-

.2

2.9
2.6

2/1,211.9

706.4

92.1

57.3

1.7
283.1
169.0

1. 1
220.4
148.6

.3
9.7
9.5

48.5
2.3

394.3
121.8

60.9
112.5

5.8
5.4

Monmanufacturing.....................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining...... ...........................
Contract construction..................
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.............
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services... ...... .....................
Government 6/...... ....................
See footnotes at end of table.




7.5
37.7
196.8

7.3
19.7
135.8

( 7)

14.8
46.7

-

-

-

-

.5

334.9

.7

8.9

1.7
5.0

-T

.1

2.5
(7)

4. 1

11.6
(7 )

2.6
3.6
1.6
.5
(7 )

.6
2.7

321.8
.1

.3
.1

( 7)

-

(7)

.3

1.5

.2

3.0

.2

_

.4

.1

5.7

-

2.2

1.8

Table 31. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement. 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Formal
settlement reached

No formal
settlement reached
Work
resumed
under
court
injunction

Industry group
Total
Short
Procedure
All issues
protest or
for
resolved
handling
sympathy
strike
unresolved
issues

Strike
broken

Employer
out of
business

No infor­
mation

Days idle
All industries........... .........

2/39,751.9

32,551.6

2,367.0

137.2

423.1

2,546.5

286.6

1,439.8

Manufacturing........................

2/15,541.9

12,930.2

998.0

17.0

303.9

47.2

233.9

1,011.8

Ordnance and accessories................
Food and kindred products............ .
Tobacco manufactures................ .
Textile mill products..................

86.5
509.8
1.0
341.3

6.9
400.8
1.0
334.3

79.6
28.4
1.0

_
-

Apparel, etc. 3/...... .................
Lumber and mood products, except
furniture...........................
Furniture and fixtures.................
Paper and allied products..............

167.6

135.6

1.9

248.5
293.2
885.4

223.4
188.8
697.1

11.3
28.6
45.2

Printing, publishing, and allied
industries.............. .............
Chemicals and allied products..........
Petroleum refining and related
industries...........................

775.3
746.2

707.6
703.3

9.3
26.3

94.0

59.4

2.2

Eubber and miscellaneous plastics
products.......................
Leather and leather products...........
Stone, clay, and glass products........
Primary metal industries........ .......
Fabricated metal products 4/....... .

350.4
53.3
458.2
1,932.2
1,722.9

254.0
5.5
412.0
1,378.0
1,495.7

39.2
3.3
3.7
308.2
76.0

-

2,310.5

2,074.0

72.5

12.2

1,159.7
2,936.3
262.8
206.9

1,026.9
2,472.4
233.3
120.2

62.0
99.7
29.4
70.5

"

Nonmanufacturing...................... 2/24,210. 1

19,621.4

1,369.0

120.2

35.4
12,939.3
2,262.6

19.2
12,790.1
2,169.9

12.9
33.0
44.2

91. 1
4.3

4,257.2
2,036.5

1,512.4
1,273.4

212.1
522.7

6. 1
.6

Machinery, except electrical...........
Electrical machinery, eguipment, and
supplies..............................
Transportation eguipment...............
Instruments, etc. 5/...................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries....
Mining..................................
Contract construction............. .
Transportation, communication.
electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Wholesale and retail trade.............
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services............................. .
Government 6/........... ...............

177.1
737.8
1,764.2

173. 2
300.9
1,382.4

' Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to
stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a
previous year.
2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the
sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been
counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective
groups.
3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.
4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment.




70

1.9
248.9
293.4

_

_

_

13.5
2.0

-

38.9
-

_
28.2
3.9

-

2.9

2.5

8.8

15.9

4.8
-

2.0
.1
.6

.4
-

1.5
107.9

6.6
74.2
34.6

50.7
2.3

-

-

•

*

7.8
14.2

20.0

-

-

12.4

9.8
12.2
66.9
31.5

2.3
31.8
2.4
7.5

9.9
7.6
33.9
16.4

35.2
12.7
22.8
142.8
95.9

31.3

-

7.7

112.8

34.1
24.0
.1

.2
-

1.4
-

36.5
339.0
16.2

119.2

2,499.4

52.8

428.0

.1
7.5
23.0

_
10.3
21.3

_
1.4

3.2
5.9
(7)

24.0
20.3

2,428.4
.3

32.9
15.9

41.4
203.2

-

-

-

(7)

_
-

18. 1

1.4
20.1
22.9

.6
4.0
34.5

-

_
2.6
-

_
161.4
13.0

5
Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical
goods; watches and clocks.
• The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the
Bureau’s definition of a work stoppa- This decision does not constitute a legal determination
that a work stoppage has taken plac . m violation of any law or public policy.
7 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote
zeros.

Table 32. Work stoppages by contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 19781
(Workers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages ending in year
Contract status and procedure
for handling unsettled issues

Stoppages
Number

Days idle

Number

Percent

Percent

Percent

All stoppages 2/.... .................
Arbitration. .........................
Direct negotiations....................
Referral to a government agency........
Mediation..............................
Fact finding..................... .....
Other procedures.......................
Combinations of the above procedures....

235
54
63
50
42
8
14
4

100.0
23.0
26.8
21.3
17.9
3.4
6.0
1.7

417.3
31.1
17.0
331.2
23.9
5.0
3.1
6.0

100.0
7.5
4. 1
79.4
5.7
1.2
.7
1.4

3,053.0
162.2
123.3
2,499.6
182.6
23.6
14.5
47.2

100.0
5.3
4.0
81.9
6.0
.8
.5
1.5

Negotiation of first agreement or union
recognition...........................
Arbitration...........................
Direct negotiations..................
Referral to a government agency......
Mediation. ...........................
Fact finding.......... ...............
Other procedures......................
Combinations of the above procedures..

31
4
9
9
8
1
_

13.2
1.7
3.8
3.8
3.4
.4

2.6
.7
.9
.2
.7
(3)
“

.6
.2
.2
.1
.2
(3)
~

70.9
29.5
23.7
7.7
9.0
1.0

2.3
1.0
.8
.3
.3
(3)

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration
or reopening)...... .................
Arbitration...........................
Direct negotiations.......... ........
Referral to a government agency......
Mediation.............................
Fact finding...... ...................
Other procedures............. .......
Combinations of the above procedures..

101
20
32
6
29
8
3
3

43.0
8.5
13.6
2.6
12.3
3.4
1.3
1.3

376.8
14.7
5.3
327.3
22.7
5.0
.5
1.2

90.3
3.5
1.3
78.4
5.5
1.2
.1
.3

2,814.4
74.4
44.1
2,480.5
166.7
23.6
5.7
19.4

92.2
2.4
1.4
81.2
5.5
.8
.2
.6

During term of agreement (negotiation of
new agreement not involved)..........
Arbitration..........................
Direct negotiations..................
Referral to a government agency......
Mediation.... ........................
Fact finding...... ...... ...........
Other procedures......................
Combinations of the above procedures..

81
27
13
30
1
9
1

34.5
11.5
5.5
12.8
.4
3.8
.4

35.2
14.5
9.8
3.5
.1
2.5
4.8

8.4
3.5
2.3
.8
(3)
.6
1.1

150.2
53.5
50.8
10.0
.4
7.8
27.8

4.9
1 ;8
1.7
.3
(3)
.3
.9

No contract or other contract status....
Arbitration..........................
Direct negotiations..................
Referral to a government agency......
Mediation.............................
Fact finding.........................
Other procedures.......... ..........
Combinations of the above procedures..

19
2
7
5
4
1

8.1
.9
3.0
2.1
1.7
.4

2. 1
.7
.8
.2
.3
(3)
”

.5
.2
.2
(3)
.1
(3)

14.9
4.3
2.6
1.5
6.4
.1
~

.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
(3)
“

No information on contract status......
Arbitration...... ....................
Direct negotiations..................
Referral to a government agency......
Mediation............................
Fact finding................... .....
Other procedures.....................
Combinations of the above procedures..

3
1
2
”

1.3
.4
.9
-

.6
.4
.2
~

.2
.1
(3)
“

2.6
.4
2.1
-

.1
(3)
.1
-

~

~

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these
data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from
strikes which began in a previous year.
2 Excludes stoppages on which there was no information on unsettled issues or
no agreement on a procedure for handling these issues.




3

~

~

Fewer than 50.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeros.

71




CORRECTION
Data on work stoppages by contract status and media­
tion (table 28) and by type of settlement (table 29) were in­
correct as published in Bulletin 2032, Analysis o f Work
Stoppages, 1977. The corrected tables follow.

Table 28. Work stoppages by contract status and mediation, 19771
________ 1

(Workers and days Idle In thousands)

Stoppages ending in year
Workers involved

Stoppages

Days idle

Contract status and mediation agency
Dumber

Percent

5,535

Private mediation...... ................
ho mediation reported................. .
ho information...........................

2,605
2,077
315
112
101
118
2,566
296

hegctiation of first agreement.... .....
Government mediation 2/........ .
Federal mediation........... .
State mediation......................
Federal and State mediation combined.
ether mediation.....................
Private mediation.....................
he mediation reported..................
ho inrormatiou........................

Dumber

Percent

Dumber

Percent

100.0

1,860.0

100.0

31,909.6

100.0

97.1
37.5
5.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
96.9
9.9

869.0
689.2
112.0
96.0
21.9
15.7
913.7
61.6

96.7
37. 1
6.0
2.5
1.2
.8
99.1
3.3

22,176.3
18,82 7.7
2,052.9
1,103.8
192.3
191.0
7,680.8
1,856.5

69.5
59.0
6.9
3.5
.6
.6
29.1
5.8

951
226
181
27
5
13
23
189
13

8.1
9.1
3.3
.5
.1
.2
.9
3.9
.2

59.3
31.9
20.9
9.3
.6
1.6
1.1
20.6
.6

2.9
1.7
1. 1
.5
(3)
.1
.1
1.1
(3)

1,117.7
715.5
617.7
67.2
29.5
6.0
19.0
396.2
92.0

3.5
2.2
1.9
.2
.1

Renegotiation of agreement (expiration
or reopening)........... ....... .....
Government mediation '£ / .... .
Federal mediation....................
state mediation.... .
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.............. .
Private mediation................ .
ho mediation reported.................
ho information........................

3,296
2,193
1,771
250
109
68
66
880
157

59.5
39.6
32.0
9.5
1.9
1.2
1.2
15.9
2.8

1,099.6
799.7
637.8
96.7
99.8
15.9
10.0
296.0
99.0

59. 1
92.7
39.3
5.2
2.9
.8
.5
13.2
2.6

26,693.6
20,969.5
17,808.8
1,910.3
1,078.5
172.0
159.6
3,998.9
1,516.2

83.5
65.7
55.8
6.0
3.9
.5
.5
12.5
9.8

During term of agreement (negotiation
of new agreement not involved).........
Government mediation 2/................
Federal mediation.... ..............
State mediation............... .....
Federal and State mediation combined.
Other mediation.....................
Private mediation................... .
he mediation reported..................
he information........................

1 ,963
61
90
9
1
11
23
1,372
7

26.9
1.1
.7
.2
(3)
.2
.9
29.8
.1

660.8
26.1
21.5
1.5
.5
2.6
9.5
628.2
2.0

35.5
1.9
1.2
.1
(3)
.1
.2
33.8
.1

3,399.7
189.1
169.1
19.0
.5
10.6
16.3
3,183.2
11.1

10.7
.6
.5
(3)
(3)

ho contract or other contract status.....
Government mediation 2/........... .
Federal mediation...................
state mediation......... ...........
Federal and state mediation combined.
otner mediation........... ..........
Private mediation......................
ho mediation reported..................
he information...........

126
31
15
7
9
6
88
1

2.3
.6
.3
.1
.2
.1
1.6
(3)

29.2
7.5
2.6
2.6
r.2
.2
16.9
.1

1.3
.9
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.9
(3)

200.5
98.9
87.8
6.8
3.7
1.1
91.6
9.9

(3)
(3)
.3
(3)

ho information on contract status.... .
Government mediation 2/....... -.... .
Federal mediation...... .........
state mediation.....................
Federal and state mediation combined.
Other mediation....... .............
Private mediation......................
Nc mediation reported..................
ho information...........

199
99
70
22
2
37
66

3.6
1.7
1.3
.9
(3)
.7
1.2

i1.1
8.8
6.9
1.9
(3)
2.5
9.8

1. 1
.5
.9
.1
(3)
.1
.5

593.0
203.8
199.9
59.2
.3
61.9
277.8

1.7
.6
.5
.2
(3)
.2
.9

ill stoppages............... -........
Government mediation 2/.................
Federal mediation.......... ..........
State mediation......... .............
Federal and State mediation combined...

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these
data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from
strikes which began in a previous year.
1 Includes stoppages involving workers in which private mediation was also
employed.

*

(3 )
(3 )

1.1
.1

(3 )

.1
10.0
(3)
.6
.3

.3
(3 )

Fewer than 50.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Dashes (-) denote zeros,

72

Table 29. Work stoppages by contract status and type of settlement!, 19771
(W orkers and days idle in thousands)

Stoppages ending in year
Stoppages

Days idle

Horkers involved

Contract status and settlement
Humber
All stoppages............ .
Formal settleaent reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.......
ho foraal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike.........................................
Strike broken...................... .
Work resumed under court injunction..............
Employer out of business.........................
Mo information..................................
Negotiation of first agreement or union
recognition...... .......................
Formal settleaent reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Mo formal settleaent, short protest or sympathy
strike.. .......................
Strike broken..................................
Nork resumed under court injunction......... .
Employer out of business.......................
Mo information.. ............................
Benegotiation of agreement (expiration or
reopening).....................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Mo formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike....... ........... ...... .
Strike broken..................................
Work resumed under court injunction............
Employer out of business.... ..................
Mo information..............
During term of agreement (negotiation of new
agreement not involved)........................
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues....
Mo formal settleaent, short protest or sympathy
strike........................ .
Strike broken... ...............................
Nork resumed under court injunction............
Employer out of business.......................
Mo information.................................

Percent

Number

Percent

Humber

Percent

5,535

1 0 0 .0

1,860.0

1 0 0 .0

31,904.6

1 0 0 .0

4, 180

75.5

1,393.4

74.9

26,922.7

84.4

803
143
54
29
326

14.5

240. 1
140.5
30.9
17.6
37.5

12.9
7.6
1.7
.9
2 .0

743.6
2,032.6
105.1
443.2
1,657.4

2.3
6.4
.3
1.4
5.2

1,117.7

3.5

2 .6
1 .0

.5
5.9

451

8 .1

54.3

2.9

380

6.9

47.9

2 .6

1

(2)
.7

.2

38

.1

6

3
23

.1
.4

3.2
.3
.1

2.7

856.7
.2

(2)

.1

117.4
2.9
3.7
136.9

.2

(2)
(2)

2.7
(2)
.4
(2)
(2)
.4

3,296

59.5

1,099.6

59.1

26,643.6

83.5

3,041

54.9

1,048.5

56.4

24,685.4

77.4

4
73
7
17
154

.1
1.3
.1
-3

1.9
12.3

.1
.7

1 .8

.1

2 .8

17.2
17.9

1 .0

4.9
458.3
15.4
424.0
1,055.7

(2)
1.4
(2)
1.3
3.3

1,463

26.4

660.8

35.5

3,399.7

10.7

610

1 1 .0

269.8

14.5

1,143.8

3.6

793
19
38

14.3
.3
.7
(2)
(2)

237.9
123.8
28.7

1 2 .8

6.7
1.5
(2)
(2)

737.9
1,426.7
85.2
.3
5.9

2.3
4.5
.3
(2)
(2)

1
2

.1
.6

.9

Mo contract or other contract status....... .
Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Mo foraal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike........ .........................
Strike broken.... .............................
Nork resumed under court injunction............
Employer out of business......................
Mo information.................................

126

2.3

24.2

1.3

200.5

.6

111

2 .0

23.2

1 .2

186.2

.6

.1
-1

.7

Mo information on contract status................
Foraal settlement reached, all issues resolved,
procedure for handling unresolved issues.....
Mo formal settlement, short protest or sympathy
strike......................................
Strike broken..................................
Nork resumed under court injunction............
Employer out of business................-....-.
Mo information.................................

199

3.6

38

.7

5
4
2
2
2

_

.1

.1
.1
2 1 .1

4.1

_

9

_
.5

.2

1
6

(2)
.1
2 .6

145

1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data
refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which
began in a previous year.




.2

(2)
(2)
(2)

73

(2)
.3
16.2

.6

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

5.5
1 .6

4.3
2.3

1 .1

543.0

.2

50.6

_
(2)
(2)
(2)
.9

_
24.8
(2)
1 1 .0

456.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.7
.2

_
.1

(2)
(2)
1.4

1 Fewer than 50.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (•)
denote zeros.

Appendix. Scope, Definitions,
and Methods

ployment and idleness as a percent of total working
time, the following employment figures have been used:
From 1927 to 1950, all employed workers were in­
cluded in the base, except those in occupations and pro­
fessions in which little, if any, union organization ex­
isted or in which stoppages rarely, if ever, occurred.
In most industries, all wage and salary workers were
included in total employment except those in exec utive,
managerial, or high supervisory positions, or those per­
forming professional work the nature of which made
union organization or group action unlikely. This meas­
ure of employment also excluded all self-employed per­
sons; domestic workers; workers on farms employing
fewer than six persons; all Federal and State govern­
ment employees; and officials, both elected and appoint­
ed, in local government.
From 1951 to 1966, the Bureau’s estimates of total
employment in nonagricultural -establishments, exclu­
sive of government, were used as a base. Days of idle­
ness computed on the basis of nonagricultural employ­
ment (exclusive of government) usually differed by less
than one-tenth of a percentage point from that obtained
by the former method, while the percentage of work­
ers idle (compared with total employment) differed by
about five-tenths of a point. For example, the percent­
age of workers idle during 1950 computed on the base
used for the earlier years was 6.9, and the percentage
for days of idleness was 0.44, compared with 6. 3 and
0.40, respectively, computed on the new base.
From 1967 to 1973, two estimates of employment were
used, one based on the wage and salary workers in the
civilian work force, and the other on those in the pri­
vate nonfarm sector.1 The new private nonfarm series
closely approximated the former BLS series which, as
noted, excluded government and agricultural workers
from employment totals, but accounted for idleness by
such workers while on strike. The old method had re­
sulted in an increasingly distorted measure of the se­
verity of strikes; the likely growth of strike activity
among government and farmworkers would have dis­
torted the measure even more in the future. The ‘total
economy” measure of strike idleness now included gov­
ernment and agricultural workers in its employment
count as well as in the computation of idleness ratios,

Scope

It is the purpose of this statistical series to report all
work stoppages in the United States that involve six
workers or more and continue for the equivalent of a
full day or shift or longer.
Definitions

Strike or lockout. A strike is defined as a temporary
stoppage of work by a group of employees (not neces­
sarily members of a union) to express a grievance or
enforce a demand. A lockout is a temporary withhold­
ing or denial of employment during a labor dispute to
enforce terms of employment upon a group of employ­
ees. Because of the complexity of most labor-manage­
ment disputes, the Bureau makes no attempt to distin­
guish between strikes and lockouts in its statistics; both
types are included in the term “work stoppage” and
are used interchangeably. The terms “dispute,” “labormanagement disputes,” and “walkout” are also used
interchangeably.
Workers and idleness. The figures on the number of
“workers involved” and “days idle” include all work­
ers made idle for one shift or longer in establishments
directly involved in a stoppage. They* do not account
for secondary idleness—that is, the effects of a stoppage
on other establishments or industries whose employees
may be made idle as a result of material or service
shortages.
The total number of workers involved in-strikes in a
given year may include double counting of individual
workers if they were involved in more than one stop­
page during that year. (Thus, in 1977, the Bureau re­
corded some 650,000 bituminous coal and lignite min­
ing workers as participating in strikes, while 214,000
workers were employed in the industry.)
In some prolonged stoppages, the total days of idle­
ness are estimated if the number of workers idle each
day is not known. Significant changes in the number of
workers idle are secured from the parties for use in
computing days of idleness.
Methods

The relative measures. In computing the number of
workers involved in strikes as a percent of total em­



1For further information, see ‘“Total Econom y’ Measure of Strike
Idleness,” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , October 1968, pp. 54-56.

74

A p p e n d ix table 1. M eth od s o f c om p uting relative measures o f idleness

Component
Employment.....................................
Estimated working time .................
Days of idleness as a percent of es­
timated total working tim e ..........

Total economy
measure
Establishment series plus wage and
salaried farm workers.
Above employment times
working days.
Total Idleness
Above working time

Nonagricultural sector
measure

Private nonagricultural sector
measure

Establishment series.

Establishment series less government.

Above employment times
working days.

Above employment times
working days.

^

Total idleness less fa rm v ^
Above working time

Total idleness less farm
and government

1QQ

Above working time

but excluded forestry, fishery, and private household
workers from the base. To facilitate comparisons over
time, the figure for the total economy had been carried
back to 1939 (see table 1). The “private nonagricultural”
measure excluded agricultural and government work­
ers from employment totals and these groups were also
removed from strike figures in arriving at a percentage
of nonagricultural working time idle.
Beginning in 1974, government workers have been
added to employment and idleness ratios. (See table 21.)
The differences in the various measures are illustrated
in appendix table 1 in which the components of each meas­
ure and the methods of computation are set forth.
“Estimated working time” is computed by multiply­
ing the average employment for the year by the num­
ber of days typically worked by most employed work­
ers during that year. In these computations, Saturdays
(when customarily not worked), Sundays, and estab­
lished Federal holidays are excluded.2

was compiled. Information is published only for those
areas in which at least five stoppages were recorded
during the year.
Some metropolitan areas include counties in more
than one State, and hence, statistics for an area may
occasionally equal or exceed totals for the State in which
the major city is located. Stoppages in the mining and
logging industries are excluded from metropolitan area
data but are reported by industry and State.
Unions involved. For this purpose, the union is the or­
ganization whose contract was involved or which has
taken active leadership in the stoppage. Disputes in­
volving more than one union are classified as jurisdic­
tional or rival union disputes or as involving coopera­
ting unions. If unorganized workers strike, a separate
classification is used. However, the tabulations of
“workers involved” include all who are made idle for
one shift or longer in establishments directly involved
in the dispute, including members of other unions and
nonunion workers. Information is presented by major
affiliation of the union, i.e., AFL-CIO, or, if there is no
affiliation, by the designations “ independent,” “ single
firm,” or “ no union.”

Duration. Although only workdays are used in com­
puting total days of idleness, duration is expressed in
calendar days, including nonworkdays.

Sources of information

State data. Stoppages occurring in more than one State
are listed separately in each State affected. The work­
ers and days of idleness are allocated among each of
the affected States.3The procedures outlined in the sec­
tion on relative measures also have been used in pre­
paring estimates of idleness by State.

Occurrence o f strikes. Information on the actual or
probable existence of work stoppages is collected from
a number of sources. Clippings on labor disputes are
obtained from a comprehensive coverage of daily and
weekly newspapers throughout the country. Informa­
tion also is received regularly from the Federal Medi­
ation and Conciliation Service. Other sources of infor­
mation include State boards of mediation and arbitra­
tion; research divisions of State labor departments; lo­
cal offices of State employment security agencies; and
trade and union journals. Some employer associations,
companies, and unions also furnish the Bureau with
work stoppage information on a voluntary cooperative
basis, either as stoppages occur or periodically.

Metropolitan area data. Information is tabulated sepa­
rately for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA’s) and Standard Consolidated Areas (SCA’s) as
defined by the Office of Management and Budget and,,
in addition, for a few communities historically includ­
ed in the strike series before the current list of areas
2For example, the total economy figure for 1978 was computed by
multiplying the average employment for the year by the number o f
working days (85,763,000 x 251 = 21,526,5*13,000) and dividing this
figure into the total number o f days o f idleness.
3The same procedure is followed in allocating data on stoppages
occurring in more than one industry, industry group, or metropoli­
tan area.




Respondents to questionnaire. A questionnaire is mailed
to each of the parties reported as involved in work
stoppages to obtain information on the number of work­
75

To improve the completeness of the count of stop­
pages, the Bureau has constantly sought to develop new
sources of information on the probable existence of
stoppages. Over the years, these sources have probably
increased the number of strikes recorded, but have had
little effect on the number of workers or total idleness.
As new agencies or organizations having knowledge of
the existence of work stoppages are established or iden­
tified, every effort is made by the Bureau to establish
cooperative arrangements.

ers involved, duration, major issues, location, method
of settlement, and other pertinent information.
Limitations o f data. Although the Bureau seeks to ob­
tain complete coverage, i.e., a “census” of all strikes
involving six workers or more and lasting a full shift
or more, information is undoubtedly missing on some
strikes involving small numbers of workers. Presum­
ably, these missing strikes do not substantially affect the
number of workers and days of idleness reported.*




76
*U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G OFFICE:

1980 311-416/'4013

ml/* su pp lie s data and a n a lysis on both c o n s u m e r and industrial prices, ml/* provides
analysis and data on e m p lo y m e n t and unem p lo ym e nt, m l/1 records ch a n g e s in w ages
and fringe benefits, hours and earnings, p ro d u ctivity, and unit costs, m l/' publishe s
tim ely reports on c o lle c tiv e b argainin g, plus m o n thly listings of m ajor a g re e m e n ts that
are expiring, ml/* fe a tu re s a n a lytica l a rtic le s on the labor force, industrial relations, and
sig n ifica n t c o u rt d e c is io n s in labor cases, ml/* offers though tful review s and tim ely
listings of c u rre n t books in th e fie ld s of e c o n o m ic s and social sciences.
For a 1-year subscription to the M o n th ly L a b o r R eview ,
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
U.S. Department of Labor,
send $18 to:
U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents
Washington, D.C. 20402


(Outside the United States, add $4.50) Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents


Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices

R eg io n t

1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: (617) 223-6761

R eg io n IV

1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (404) 881-4418
R eg io n V

R egion II

Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121
R eg io n III

3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154



9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
R eg io n VI

Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971

R eg io n s V II a n d V III

911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481
R eg io n s IX and X

450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678