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Z Z. ?; Analysis of Work Stoppages, 1978 U.S Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics June 1980 Bulletin 2066 Analysis of Work Stoppages, 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner June 1980 Bulletin 2066 Preface This bulletin, an annual feature of the Bureau of La bor Statistics since 1941, provides a detailed statistical presentation of work stoppages in 1978. Preliminary estimates of the level of strike (or lock out) activity for the United States as a whole are issued about 30 days after the end of the month of reference and are available on request. Preliminary estimates for the entire year are available at year end; selected final tabulations are issued in the early fall of the following year. The methods used to prepare work stoppage sta tistics are described in the appendix. The Bureau wishes to acknowledge the cooperation of employers and employer asssociations, labor unions, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and various State agencies. The bulletin was prepared by Marcy Jacobs and Jane Gelman in the Division of Industrial Relations, Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Unless specifically identified as copyright, material in this publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission. iii Contents Work stoppages: Page Summary......................................................................................................................................... \ D uration......................................................................................................................................... j S iz e ........................................ i Monthly pattern............................................................................................................................. \ Major issue.................................................................................................................................... 2 Contract status . . ........................................ 2 Union affiliation ........................................................................................................................... 3 Industry........................................................................................................................................... 3 Occupation..................................................................................................................................... g Location......................................................................................................................................... g Settlement..................................................... 7 Impasse procedures................................................................................ 7 Text tables: 1. Major work stoppages, 1968-78 ............................................................................................... 2. Percent distribution of work stoppages in each size class by major issue, 1978 .................................................................................... 3. Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, by industry group and major issue, 1978..................... 2 2 3 Charts: 1. Number of work stoppagesbeginning in the year by sector, 1950-78 2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-78 . . . . 3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-78 .................................. 5 5 6 Tables: Work stoppages: 1. In the United States,1927-78 ......................................................................................... 2. By month, 1977-78 .................................................................................................. 3. By size and duration, 1978................................ 4. Involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927-78 .............................................................. 5. Beginning in 1978, involving 10,000 workers or m o re .............................................. 6. By industry group and size, 1978 ................................................................................. 7. By affiliation of unions involved, 1978 ........................................ 8. By contract status and size, 1978 ................................................................................. 9. By industry group and contract status, 1978 ................................................................ 10. By contract status and major issue, 1978 ..................................................................... 11. By major issue, 1978 .................................................................................................... 12. By industry group and major issue, 1978..................................................................... 13. By major issue and size, 1978 ....................................................................................... 14. By industry, 1978 .......................................................................................................... 15. By industry group and occupation, 1978 ..................................................................... 16. By major issue and level of government, 1978 ............................................................ 17. In government by major issue and union participation, 1978 ..................................... 18. By occupation and level of government, 1978 ............................................................ 19. In government by level, function, and occupation, 1978............................................ 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 20 21 22 26 27 33 36 37 38 40 v Contents— Continued Page 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. In government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 1978 ....................................... By region and State, 1978 ........................................................................................... By region, State, and occupation, 1978 ..................................................................... In States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 ............................. By State and metropolitan area, 1978 ......................................................................... By industry group and duration, 1978 ....................................................................... By major issue and duration, 1978 ............................................................................. By contract status and duration, 1978 ....................................................................... By contract status and mediation, 1978 ..................................................................... By contract status and type of settlement, 1978 ......................................................... By major issue and type of settlement, 1978 .............................................................. By industry group and type of settlement, 1978 ......................................................... By contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 1978 ..................... 44 50 51 54 60 62 64 65 66 67 68 69 71 Corrected tables for 1977: Work stoppages: 28. By contract status and mediation................................................................................ 29. By contract status and type of settlement.................................................................. 72 73 Appendix: Scope, definitions, and methods ................................................................................................ 74 Work Stoppages, 1978 The major cause of 1-day strikes was plant adminis tration disputes, an issue prevalent in mining, followed by disagreements over wages. Strikes lasting more than 1 day arose primarily from disputes over wage changes, followed by grievances over either plant administration or union organization and security (table 26). Summary A relatively light bargaining schedule in 1978, fewer midcontract disputes, and persistent unemployment in construction resulted in a reduction over previous years in most strike measures. The number of strikes begin ning in the year and workers involved were at their lowest levels since 1965, while the proportion of em ployed workers on strike was the lowest since 1963. However, total idleness was high because of the con tinuation of the 1977 coal strike into 1978. Both the mean and median duration of strikes ending in 1978 were the longest on record, reflecting the impact of the coal strike and the decline in the incidence of disputes lasting only 1 to 3 days. Workers struck most frequently over economic mat ters raised during contract renegotiations. They were far less likely to walk out during the term of agreement than in previous years. Size The largest concentration of strikes (38 percent) in volved between 20 and 99 workers, with an additional 24 percent involving 100 to 249 workers (table 3). Stop pages of 6 to 19 workers and 250 to 499 workers ac counted for 14 percent and 13 percent, respectively, of all strikes. The larger strikes, those involving 500 to 999 workers and 1,000 over, accounted for 6 percent and 5 percent, respectively. Eleven major work stoppages (major stoppages are those involving 10,000 workers or more) began in 1978, compared to 18 in 1977. This was the smallest number of major stoppages since 1963 (table 4). However, the proportion of workers involved in these stoppages was 6 percent higher than in 1977, and idleness increased because of the 9.6 million days lost in 1978 in the bitu minous coal strike. Unlike 1977, when all major stop pages lasted at least 7 days, in 1978 only seven stop pages lasted that long. The year-to-year fluctuation in both the number and intensity of these stoppages depends to a great extent on the bargaining calendar, since most of these disputes occur during the renegotiation of agreements (text ta ble 1 and table 8). Duration On the average, strikes lasted longer in 1978 than in any previous year. After having risen to a record level of 14 days in 1977 (from 11 days in both 1975 and 1976), the median duration of the stoppages that ended in 1978 rose even higher to 17 days. Similarly, the mean dura tion of these stoppages increased to 33 days (from 29 in 1977), also a record level (table 1). The rise occurred partly because of the decrease in the proportion of strikes lasting 1 day and 2 to 3 days (9 percent each in 1978 from 13 percent and 11 percent each in 1977) (ta ble 3). The largest proportion of strikes—about one-fifth— lasted 15 to 29 days. However, more than one-half of these were small, involving fewer than 100 workers. On the other hand, nearly one-quarter of all workers involved in strikes were out for 60 to 89 days. As in previous years, walkouts in manufacturing in dustries tended to be longer than in nonmanufacturing, accounting for 60 percent of the stoppages in effect 15 days or more (table 25). One-fifth of the disputes in manufacturing lasted 2 months or longer. The 383 1-day strikes were concentrated in nonman ufacturing industries, primarily in mining and govern ment. In mining, the majority of all strikes lasted only 1 day. Over one-half of all 1-day walkouts occurred during the term of agreement, while most lengthy strikes (77 percent of those lasting longer than 2 weeks) oc curred during contract renegotiation. Monthly pattern Usually, more strikes begin in May than in any oth er month. This was true in 1978 and 1977 (table 2). However, in 1978, other measures of strike activity var ied from the usual concentration in May, June, and July. For example, the January-to-March quarter had an un usually high amount of idleness compared with 1977 and previous years, primarily because of the coal strike. That strike accounted for two-thirds of the idleness in the first quarter. Furthermore, the Norfolk and West ern Railway dispute in September involved 580,000 workers and boosted idleness in that month to over 4 million days. As is usually the case—but not in 1977 due to the start of the coal strike—the lowest idleness for the year occurred in December (0.08 percent of es timated working time). 1 Text table 1. Major work stoppages, 1968-78 creased significantly over 1977, interrupting a 3-year decline from the 1974 peak. The distribution of strikes by major issue did not vary much with size, with some significant exceptions (text table 2). Disputes over union organization and security were more than twice as frequent in the smallest strikes as in all strikes. Plant administration grievances were well above the average in strikes involving 500 to 999 workers. And disputes over job security were nearly three times as frequent in stikes of 1,000 to 4,999 work ers as in all strikes. Among the 11 major stoppages (those involving 10,000 workers or more) beginning in 1978, 7 involved economic matters (text table 3 and table 13). Only one involved plant administration issues (the New York shipping dispute concerning hiring practices). Of the other disputes, two involved job security and one in volved the interpretation of contract provisions (clas sified as “other working conditions”). During renegotiation of agreement Year 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ All major work stoppages 32 25 34 29 18 25 27 20 23 18 11 Number Percent of all major work stoppages 24 17 25 23 12 21 24 15 18 13 8 75.0 68.0 73.5 79.3 66.7 84.0 88.9 75.0 78.3 72.2 72.7 NOTE: Major work stoppages are those involving 10,000 workers or more. Major issue Economic issues, such as wage increases and adjust ments, supplementary benefits, and hours of work, have always been the primary cause of strikes, and 1978 was no exception. One set of issues within this broad cate gory—general wage increases plus supplementary ben* efits—was the predominant cause of all strikes in gen eral (34 percent) and strikes over economic matters in particular (49 percent) (table 11). Plant administration issues, next in importance, un derwent a significant decline, down 50 percent from 1977. This decline was largely the result of a drastic reduction in disputes over this issue in the mining in dustry (693 in 1977 and 173 in 1978) (table 12). Conse quently, plant administration disputes accounted for a lower proportion of strikes (12 percent) and workers involved (11 percent) in 1978 than in any of the past 18 years. Economic disputes fell by 12 percent in 1978 (table 11). However, with the sharp decline in administration disputes, the proportion of strikes involving economic issues increased from 61 percent in 1977 to 70 percent in 1978, the highest on record. The bulk of these dis putes involved general wage issues, and within this cat egory, disputes involving cost-of-living provisions in Contract status The proportion of strikes occurring during contract renegotiations increased even though the number of such strikes declined (table 10). Gaining in importance since the early 1960’s, these strikes climbed steadily as a proportion of the total from a low of 43 percent in 1963 to a record high of 67 percent in 1978. They ac counted for a substantial proportion of workers involved and days idle during all the years. In 1978, renegotia tion disputes involved 77 percent of the workers who struck and generated 89 percent of the idleness. The sharp drop in strikes during the term of agree ment in 1978 resulted largely from the decline in strike activity among miners: Mining disputes in this catego ry dropped by 75 percent, from 953 in 1977 to 236 in 1978 (table 9). The number of all midcontract disputes fell below 1,000 for the first time since 1961, when this information was first tabulated. As in the past, renegotiation disputes centered pri marily on economic issues. About 88 percent of the re negotiation disputes involved economic matters in 1978 compared with 70 percent of all strikes (table 10). Stop- Text table 2. Percent distribution of work stoppages in each size class by major issue, 1978 All sizes 6 -1 9 workers 2 0 -9 9 workers 100-24 9 workers 2 5 0 -4 9 9 workers 5 0 0 -9 9 9 workers 1 ,0 0 0 4,999 workers 5 ,0 0 0 9,999 workers All issues................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Economic1 ........................................................................ Other contractual matters ............................................... Union organization and security..................................... Job security ...................................................................... Plant administration ......................................................... Other working conditions................................................. Interunion or intraunion m atters..................................... 69.9 4.7 6.4 3.0 12.0 1.3 2.4 60.6 8.6 13.9 2.1 9.9 .9 3.3 72.7 4.9 7.2 2.6 8.8 1.2 2.2 73.0 3.9 4.4 2.5 12.9 1.1 1.9 69.5 3.0 3.3 2.6 17.2 2.5 1.8 64.9 3.1 2.3 5.7 19.8 1.5 2.7 66.7 2.6 3.6 8.3 13.5 1.0 4.2 68.8 12.5 .0 .0 12.5 .0 6.3 63.6 .0 .0 18.2 9.1 9.1 .0 Major issue 1 Includes general wage changes, supplementary benefits, wage adjustments, and hours of work. 2 10,000 workers or more pages during the term of agreement generally involved plant administration issues. A majority of renegotiation disputes continued for 2 weeks or more, while those during the term tended to end within 1 week (table 27). Stoppages concerning the negotiation of a first agree ment or a union’s attempt to gain recognition accounted for 10 percent of all strikes in 1978. As in prior years, the largest group of strikes in this category occurred in wholesale and retail trade. Strikes at establishments having no agreement ac counted for 3.5 percent of all strikes in 1978, higher than in any previous year recorded. The number of these strikes was also the highest on record, the num ber of workers involved the highest since 1974, and the number of days idle the highest since 1968. Only where no contract was in effect did strike activity increase between 1977 and 1978, primarily because of an increase in these stoppages at government agencies. percent, respectively, in 1977. Strikes by unaffiliated unions decreased from 39 to 30 percent and workers from 49 to 40 percent. Idleness was unusually high among nonaffiliates in 1978, however, largely due to the 9.6 million days lost by mine workers (UMW-Ind.) in the 1978 portion of the bituminous coal strike. The 236 strikes by professional associations in 1978 represented the second highest number of strikes and the highest proportion of the total (5.6 percent) ever recorded for this group. Worker involvement and idle ness, although also above 1977 figures, were lower than in 1976. For the second year in a row, work stoppage meas ures increased for single-firm unions, reaching 43 strikes, 10,400 workers idled, and 160,000 days off the job. In 83 strikes (2 percent of all stoppages), there was no un ion involved. Industry Union affiliation Through the 1950’s and 1960’s fewer strikes occurred in nonmanufacturing than in manufacturing, but since 1969, strikes in nonmanufacturing have increased at a faster rate, particularly in mining. However, in 1978, with a drastic reduction in mining disputes and declines in other nonmanufacturing industries as well, the inci- Strike activity of AFL-CIO affiliates increased pro portionately in 1977 and again in 1978, following an 11-year decline (table 7). In 1978, affiliated unions ac counted for 62 percent of the walkouts and 74 percent of the workers idled, compared to 55 percent and 47 Text table 3. Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, by industry group and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle In thousands) Industry group Stoppages Workers involved Days idle Stoppages All issues All industries2 ......................... Workers involved Days idle Economic1 Workers involved Days idle Job security 2 331.7 3,043.0 692.4 1 10.5 615.3 10.5 615.3 1 10.5 615.3 1 15.0 77.1 9 1 1 2 1 2 2 501.0 34.7 10.0 332.2 55.0 31.5 37.5 12,844.9 9,739.2 70.0 2,438.7 220.0 211.8 165.3 1 321.2 2.427.7 1 321.2 2.427.7 11 526.5 12,537.3 Manufacturing2 ................................. Printing, publishing, and allied industries..................... Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies........................... 2 25.5 1 Nonmanufacturing2 ....................... Mining ....................................... Contract construction .............. T ransportation-communication Retail trade .................................. Services....................................... G o vernm ent............................... 7 168.7 813.4 7 1 1 168.7 34.7 10.0 813.4 146.3 70.0 1 2 2 55.0 31.5 37.5 220.0 211.8 165.3 Plant administration 1 All industries2 .......................... 11.0 Manufacturing2 ................................... Printing, publishing, and allied industries . . Electrical machinery, equipment, and su pp lies................. — — — — — — Nonmanufacturing2 ........................... Mining ........................................... Contract construction ................ Transportation-communication . Retail tra d e ................................... Services......................................... G o vernm ent................................. 1 — — 1 — — — 11.0 — — 11.0 — — — 1 Economic issues are defined as general wage changes, supplementary benefits, wage adjustments, and hours of work. 2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 groups or more are counted in each. Workers and days idle Stoppages Other working conditions 9,603.9 1 15.0 77.1 — — — 1 — 1 15.0 — 15.0 77.1 — 77.1 9,603.9 9,592.9 — 11.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ~ . are allocated among the respective groups. About 9,592,900 days idle in mining resulted from the December 1977 to March 1978 bituminous coal strike. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (— ) denote zeros. 3 dence of strikes in the nonmanufaeturing sector was slightly lower than in manufacturing. The proportion of working time lost to strikes in nonmanufacturing has always been below that in the manufacturing sector— in 1978, manufacturing registered a loss of 0.31 percent compared with 0.13 percent for nonmanufacturing. Both sectors recorded fewer strikes and workers involved than in 1977 (charts 1-3 and table 14). The incidence of strikes in most industries, manufac turing and nonmanufacturing, was lower in 1978 than in 1977. Strike measures (strikes, workers, days idle, and percent of working time lost) for several industries were lower than they had been for many years. Nota ble among the exceptions were the paper and allied products industries and government. Major stoppages occurred in the printing and publishing industries and the electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies in dustries in the manufacturing sector and in all but two industry groups in the nonmanufacturing sector—the agricultural industries and finance, insurance, and real estate (text table 3 and table 6). less inclined to strike than in previous years. There had not been fewer coal strikes (250 in 1978) since 1967 or fewer mine workers involved (108,300) since 1966, when strike activity in this industry first started to climb. The December-March dispute pushed the proportion of es timated working time lost in mining to 4.89 percent, the highest for any industry in 1978 and the highest re corded in mining for the past 28 years. Significant declines in all major strike measures were registered in the construction industries. With high un employment (10.6 percent in construction in 1978 com pared with 6.0 percent for all wage and salary workers in the private sector) and increasing competition from nonunion firms, the number of strikes involving con struction workers declined steadily from 1970 (1,137, strikes) to 1978 (385 strikes), the lowest since 1948. Idle ness as a proportion of working time lost, while still above the all-industry average, fell to its lowest level since 1951. Construction workers have become more reluctant to strike during a contract term than previously. A ma jority of construction strikes during the 1960’s occurred while a contract was in effect, but, by 1978, these strikes as a proportion of all construction strikes dropped to 23 percent. Although strikes in the transportation, communica tion, electric, gas, and sanitary service industries de clined in 1978, workers and days idle increased signif icantly. This was in contrast to 1977 when worker in volvement was the lowest recorded during the 1950-78 period and idleness was the lowest since 1965. The turn around was the result of the 82-day strike against the Norfolk and Western Railway (July-September) which, before it ended, involved over 321,000 workers from several railroads (table 5). Another major transporta tion stoppage idled 11,000 longshore workers in New York for 1 day. Manufacturing. The number of workers on strike and consequent idleness reached record levels in the paper industries in 1978, largely as a result of more, larger, and longer strikes occurring at paper mills. Idleness was also boosted by strikes of long duration at firms mak ing converted paper and paperboard products.1Disputes in the paper industry generally occurred during con tract renegotiations (82 percent) (table 9) and involved economic issues (84 percent) (table 12). In other manufacturing industries, significant declines in all major strike measures were registered in the food, apparel, primary metals, nonelectrical machinery, trans portation equipment, and the stone, clay, and glass in dustries. The number of strikes and workers involved in the apparel and related industries were the lowest during the 1950-78 period. In the food and kindred products industries, fewer workers struck in only one other year (1975) since 1950. Idleness and the propor tion of working time lost in the food industries were the lowest since 1966. The proportion of working time lost in the stone, clay, and glass industries was the low est since 1972 and the lowest for the nonelectrical ma chinery industries since 1964. In the transportation equipment industries, idleness and the proportion of working time lost were the lowest since 1973. Government. In government, the number of strikes (481) reached a historical high. Idleness declined, how ever, resulting in a slightly smaller proportion of work ing time lost (0.04 percent) than in 1977. The greatest increase in government strikes between 1977 and 1978 occurred among blue-collar and manual workers, but these strikes tended to be smaller in 1978; related idle ness declined (table 18). As far as contract status was concerned, most of the increase in government strikes resulted from an increase in disputes involving contract renegotiations or occurring where no contracts were in effect. In 1978, renegotiation disputes accounted for 69 percent of the strikes in government; no-contract disputes were responsible for another 10 percent (table 9). As in other industries, most of the strikes (73 per cent) involved economic issues, primarily general wage changes. As usual, city government accounted for the largest portion of strikes (54 percent), workers (64 percent), Nonmanufacturing. Among all industries, the most dramatic decline in strikes was registered in mining, where the number of strikes fell from 999 in 1977 to 275 in 1978 (table 14). After the lengthy contract dis pute in the bituminous coal industry, extending from December 1977 to March 1978, coal miners were far 'Includes all paper mills except building paper mills and all con verted paper and paperboard products except containers and boxes. 4 Chart 2. Number of workers involved in stoppages beginning in the year by sector, 1950-78 W orkers (in millions) 3 Manufacturing 1950 1955 1960 1965 5 1970 1975 1978 Chart 3. Idleness as a percent of estimated working time by sector, 1950-78 Percent 1.6 am Manufacturing and the finance, insurance, and real estate industries, while service employees struck more frequently in the transportation, communication, electric, gas, sanitary, and other service industries. Among professional and technical employees, idle ness increased in 1978. Idleness was significantly high er in 1978 than in 1977 in the transportation, commun ication, electric, gas, and sanitary service industries, where two stoppages by professional and technical em ployees ressulted in more than 600,000 days lost. How ever, the highest idleness level from professional and technical employee strikes was registered in govern ment (722,000 days), while the third highest level was in the service industries (229,000 days). Together, these strikes accounted for almost all of the idleness among professional and technical workers. Stoppages among other occupational groups result ed in fewer days of idleness in 1978 except among pro tective employees and when more than one group was involved. The transportation-communication industries accounted for a significant portion of idleness from these combination disputes because of the Norfolk and West ern Railway strike. and days idle (61 percent) (table 16). It was also the only government level for which these three measures all increased in 1978 compared with 1977. General wage issues prompted most of these strikes as well as a ma jority of strikes occurring at all other government lev els except Federal. Only one strike occurred among Federal employees. This strike, which idled nearly 4,800 mailhandlers in New Jersey and California, was the largest Federal Government dispute since the postal strike of 1970. O ccupation Production and maintenance workers, the most high ly unionized occupational group, continued to make up the largest group of workers to participate in strikes in 1978, accounting for 6 out of every 10 workers on strike (table 15). Although only one-half as many production and maintenance workers struck in 1978 as in previous years, more were in manufacturing industries than in nonmanufacturing industries, a reversal of past patterns. While there were strikes of production and mainte nance workers in all industries, other occupational groups affected the level of strike activity in only a few industries. For instance, 90 percent of the protective employees and 64 percent of the professional and tech nical employees on strike were government workers. Of the professional and technical government employ ees, 81 percent were teachers. Most sales workers who struck were employed in the wholesale and retail trades Location As usual, strike activity was greatest in the more pop ulated and more highly unionized States (table 21). Pennsylvania continued to experience the most strikes (480), followed by Ohio (441). These States also had 6 the most workers involved and the most days idle. In Pennsylvania, idlenesss was boosted by two major government stoppages in Philadelphia, involving a to tal of 37,500 city government workers. Nevertheless, mining disputes contributed more days of idleness in this State (1.8 million days) than all the government strikes combined (349,000 days), even though there were more strikes in government than in any other industry. Pennsylvania and Ohio both were affected by the Nor folk and Western Railway strike (July-September) and the strike by mine construction workers against the Bi tuminous Coal Contractors Association (March-April). Industries with significant strike activity in the two States included government; mining; transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services; non electrical machinery; wholesale and retail trade; and the primary and fabricated metals industries (table 23). New York had the third highest incidence of stop pages among the States in 1978. In idleness, it moved from thirteenth position in 1977 to seventh in 1978. More than half of the days lost to strikes resulted from three major stoppages in the New York metropolitan area (Metropolitan nursing homes, New York newspa pers, and the New York Shipping Association) and sev eral smaller disputes in the construction industry. The proportion of nonagricultural working time lost, how ever, at 0.12 percent, was still lower than the national average of 0.17 percent. For the second year in a row, West Virginia had the highest proportion of working time lost among the States. Sixty-two mining disputes accounted for 91 per cent of the State’s idleness, almost all of which result ed from the December-March coal dispute. In 1977, 381 mining disputes accounted for 87 percent of West Virginia’s idleness. Regionally, strike activity was greatest in the highly industrialized East North Central States, including Illi nois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wiscon sin. Wisconsin was the only State in this region to have a lower proportion of working time lost (0.12 percent) than the national average (table 21). Among metropolitan areas, New York City lost the most days (1.3 million), a result of the three major stop pages in this area. Los Angeles-Long Beach was the only other metropolitan area with over 1 million days of idleness (table 24). Settlements were reached in a larger proportion of stoppages occurring during the renegotiation of a con tract (93 percent) or during attempts to establish a col lective bargaining relationship (85 percent) than during the term of the agreement (59 percent). This is a pat tern noted in many previous years. However, the pro portion of settlements reached during the term of the agreement was the highest since 1973. The proportion of unsettled short protest or sympa thy strikes was exceptionally low, less than 5 percent, compared to 15 percent in 1977 and 19 percent in 1976. As in past years, an overwhelming proportion of these strikes (93 percent) occurred in mining (table 31). Although few strikes were terminated by a court in junction (1 percent), they accounted for nearly one-fifth of the workers, 95 percent of whom were involved in the Norfolk and Western Railway dispute. Over onethird of the strikes in this group (14) occurred in con tract construction. More strikes resulted in workers returning to work without having their demands met or being replaced by other workers (broken strike) in 1978 than in 1977, 170 compared to 143 (table 31). These strikes were con centrated in nonmanufacturing industries, especially contract construction (25 strikes), wholesale and retail trade (20 strikes), and government (17 strikes). Nearly as many strikes were broken during renegotiation of agreement (50 strikes) as during the term of agreement (51 strikes), while fewer (40 strikes) were broken dur ing negotiation of first agreement (table 29). There was an increase in the number of strikes dur ing which the employer went out of business—38 in 1978 compared to 29 in 1977. Impasse procedures A variety of procedures are used to deal with col lective bargaining impasses. When direct negotiations fail, outside parties are often called in to help resolve unsettled issues. Occasionally, the disputing parties will agree to resume normal operations with the understand ing that troublesome issues will be resolved at a later time. Then, outside parties may be involved. Mediation, the most common procedure in 1978, was used in 58 percent of the strike situations, up from 49 percent in 1977 (table 28). Most of the mediation was done by government agencies, primarily at the Feder al level. In a small number of cases, the combined re sources of the Federal and State governments were brought into play. Strikes that occurred while renegotiating a contract were more likely to involve mediators (71 percent) than those that occurred during initial contract bargaining (54 percent) or during the term of an agreement (16 percent). The largest concentration of strikes during in itial contract bargaining occurred in wholesale and re tail trade, and involved relatively few workers (tables Settlement In 1978, the proportion of strikes ending with a for mal settlement was higher than usual, about 84 percent, compared with 76 percent in 1977 and 73 percent in 1976 (table 29). These strikes accounted for 74 percent of the workers and 88 percent of the year’s total idle ness. More than nine-tenths of the strikes over econom ic issues, and two-thirds over noneconomic issues, ended in a formal settlement (table 30). 7 8 and 9). Strikes during the term of agreement were generally short, lasting 1 to 3 days, and frequently ended without a formal settlement (tables 27 and 29). The pro portion of midcontract disputes in 1978 calling for me diation was the highest on record (table 28). Workers ended 367 strikes with the understanding that unsettled issues would be resolved later in ways agreed upon by both parties (table 30). Information was available for 235 of these strikes (table 32). Direct ne gotiations were chosen most frequently (27 percent of the time), followed by arbitration (23 percent of the time), and then referral to a government agency (21 percent of the time). While direct negotations also were requested most often during the 1972-77 period, in 1970 and 1971 referral to a government agency was the most commonly agreed upon method. The prevalence of each procedure varied by contract status. For instance, to resolve renegotiation disputes in 1978, direct negotiations were most often specified, while direct negotiations and government assistance were favored equally for initial-contract disputes. Mid contract disputes generally called for the assistance of a government agency (in contrast with 1977 when var ious other methods prevailed). 8 Table 1. Work stoppages in the United States, 1927-781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Horkers involved Mork stoppages Days idle during year Year Duration Number Number Mean 2/ Median 1927.............. . 1928................. 1929................. 1930................. 1931................. 707 604 921 637 810 26.5 27.6 22.6 22.3 18.8 3 (4) <<0 1932................. 1933................. 1934................. 1935................. 1936................. 841 1,695 1,856 2,014 2,172 19-6 16.9 19.5 23.8 23.3 1937................. 1938................. 1939................. 1940................. 1941................. 4,740 2,772 2,613 2,508 4,288 20.3 23.6 23.4 20.9 18.3 1942................. 1943................. 1944................. 1945................. 1946................. 2,968 3,752 4,956 4,750 4,985 11.7 5.0 5.6 9.9 24.2 (4) <<»> (4) 1947................. 194 8................. 1949................. 3,693 3,419 3,606 25.6 21.8 22-5 1950.... ............. 1951................. 4,843 4,737 1952................. 1953................. 1954................. 1955................. 1956................. Percent of Number tota? employed 3/ Percent of est. total Per working worker time 3/ involved 330 314 289 183 342 1.4 1.3 1.2 .8 1.6 26,200 12,600 5,350 3,320 6,890 <*) («) (<») 79.5 40.2 18.5 18. 1 20.2 (4) 324 1, 170 1,470 1,120 789 1.8 6.3 7.2 5.2 3.1 10,500 16,900 19,600 15,500 13,900 (<») (<0 <«) (*) <<*) 32.4 14.4 13.4 13.8 17.6 1,860 688 1, 170 577 2,360 7.2 2.8 3.5 1.7 6.1 28,400 9,150 17,800 6,700 23,000 {*) (4) (<*) <<*) (<*) .21 .08 .23 15.3 13.3 15.2 11.6 9.8 840 1,980 2,120 3,470 4,600 2.0 4.6 4.8 8.2 10.5 4,180 13,500 8,720 38,000 116,000 .04 . 10 .07 .31 1.04 5.0 6.8 4.1 11.0 25.2 <<») 2,170 1,960 3,030 4.7 4.2 6.7 34,600 34,100 50,500 .30 .28 .44 15.9 17.4 16.7 19.2 17.4 8 7 2,410 2,220 5.1 4.5 38,800 22,900 .33 . 18 16. 1 10.3 5,117 5,091 3,468 4,320 3,825 19.6 20.3 22.5 18.5 18.9 7 9 9 8 7 3,540 2,400 1,530 2,650 1,900 7.3 4.7 3.1 5.2 3.6 59,100 28,300 22,600 28,200 33,100 .48 .22 .18 .22 -24 16.7 11.8 14.7 10.7 17.4 1957................. 1958................. 1959................. 1960................. 1961................. 3,673 3,694 3,708 3,333 3,367 19.2 19.7 24.6 23.4 23.7 8 8 10 10 9 1,390 2,060 1,880 1,320 1,450 2-6 3.9 3.3 2.4 2.6 16,500 23,900 69,000 19,100 16,300 .12 .18 .50 .14 .11 11.4 11.6 36.7 14.5 11.2 1962................. 1963................. 1964................. 1965................. 1966................. 3,614 3,362 3,655 3,963 4,405 24.6 23.0 22.9 25.0 22.2 9 8 8 9 9 1,230 941 1,640 1,550 1,960 2.2 1.1 2.7 2.5 3.0 18,600 16,100 22,900 23,300 25,400 .13 .11 .15 .15 .15 15.0 17. 1 14.0 15. 1 12. 9 1967................. 1968....... .......... 1969................. 1970................. 1971................. 4,595 5,045 5,700 5,716 5,138 22.8 24.5 22.5 25.0 27.0 9 10 10 11 11 2,870 2,649 2,481 3,305 3,280 4.3 3.8 3-5 4.7 4.5 42, 100 49,018 42,869 66,414 47,589 .25 .28 .24 .37 .26 14.7 18.5 17.3 20. 1 14.5 1972................. 1973................. 1974................. 1975................. 1976................. 5,010 5,353 6,074 5,031 5,648 24.0 24.0 27.1 26.8 28.0 8 9 14 11 11 1,714 2,251 2,778 1,746 2,420 2-3 2.9 3.5 2.2 3.0 27,066 27,948 47,991 31,237 37,859 .15 .14 .24 . 16 .19 15.8 12.4 17.3 17.9 15.6 1977.... ............. 1978................. 5,506 4,230 29.3 33.2 14 17 2,040 1,623 2-4 1.9 35,822 36,922 . 17 . 17 17. 6 22.8 (*) w <<») <<») (4) <*) 1 The number of stoppages and workers relates to stoppages beginning in the year; average duration, to those ending in the year. Days of idleness include all stoppages In effect. Workers are counted more than once if they were involved in more than 1 stoppage during the year. Available informa tion for earlier periods appears in Handbook o f Labor Statistics, 1978, BLS Bulletin 2000 (1979), table 151. For a discussion of the procedures involved in the collection and compilation of work stoppage statistics, see BLS Handbook o f Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910 (1976), chapter 27. 2 Figures are simple averages^ e?ch stoppage is given equal weight regardless of its size. 9 (4) l« ) 3 Agricultural and government employees are included in the total empjoyed and total working time; private household, forestry, and fishery employees are excluded. An explanation of the measurement o. idleness as a percentage of the total employed labor force and the total time worked is found in ‘“Total Economy’ Measure of Strike Idleness,” M onthly Labor Review, October 1968. 4 Not available. Table 2. Work stoppages by month, 1977-78 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Number of stoppages Month Beginning in period In Horkers involved effect Beginning in period during period during period Number Days idle during period In effect Number Percent Percent of est. total working time 1/ Percent Number Percent 19772 ............. January......... February........ March........... April........... hay............ June............ July............ August.......... September....... October......... November........ December........ 5,506 384 375 522 602 689 599 4 93 481 4 85 408 335 133 100.0 7.0 6.8 9.5 10.9 12.5 10.9 9.0 8.7 8.8 7.4 6.1 2.4 9,971 649 645 816 931 1,070 1,035 946 930 923 822 719 485 100.0 6.5 6.5 8.2 9.3 10.7 10.4 9.5 9.3 9.3 8.2 7.2 4.9 2,040 104.9 144.6 205.0 183.9 255.7 158.3 199.0 199.9 152.1 156.9 80. 1 199.9 100.0 5.1 7.1 10.0 9.0 12.5 7.8 9.8 9.8 7.5 7.7 3.9 9.8 3,327 158.3 197.6 285.1 273.6 366.4 295.8 306.8 334.6 278.3 289.7 232.7 307.9 100.0 4.8 5.9 8.6 8.2 11.0 8.9 9.2 10-1 8.4 8-7 7.0 9.3 35,822 1.297.0 1,474.7 2,409.7 2.518.5 3,322.8 2.972.5 3,212.1 3,995.0 3,085.3 3,346.9 3,157.9 5,029.4 100.0 3.6 4. 1 6.7 7.0 9.3 8.3 9.0 11.2 8.6 9.3 8.8 14.0 0.17 .08 .10 .13 -15 .19 .16 .19 .21 .17 .21 .18 .28 19782............. January......... February........ March........... April..... . May............. June............ July............ August.......... September....... October......... November........ December ........ 4,230 215 245 286 395 489 470 460 421 453 370 268 158 100.0 5.1 5.8 6.6 9.3 11.6 11.1 10.9 10.0 10.7 8.7 6.3 3.7 8,120 456 485 550 655 820 835 841 844 853 751 594 436 100.0 5.6 6.0 6.8 8.1 10. 1 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 9.2 7.3 5.4 1,623 64.5 44.8 88.3 119.9 131.5 116.0 182-9 191.2 449.4 116.5 64.2 53.3 100.0 4.0 2.8 5.4 7.4 8.1 7.1 11.3 11.6 27.7 7.2 4.0 3.3 3,182 297.6 286.7 312.0 200.4 223.6 204.0 270.1 315.7 579.2 220.5 156.3 115.7 100.0 9.4 9.0 9.8 6.3 7.0 6.4 8.5 9.9 18.2 6.9 4.9 3.6 36,922 5,115.5 4,549.5 4,478.9 1,774.9 2,365.1 2.375.6 2,895.5 3,627.9 4,321.8 2,349.8 1.690.3 1,376.7 100.0 13.9 12.3 12. 1 4.8 6.4 6.4 7.8 9.8 11.7 6.4 4.6 3.7 .17 .29 .28 .23 .10 .12 .12 .17 .18 .24 .13 .09 .08 See footnote 3, table 1. Number Percent Number Percent * The yearly “in effect” figures for stoppages and workers involved are the totals of the correspndlng monthly figures; they are used to calculate the monthly “in effect” percents. Table 3. Work stoppages by size and duration, 19781 (Workers and days Idle In thousands) Humber of workers involved Total 2-3 days 1 day 4-6 days 7-14 days 15-29 days 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days and over Stoppages ending in year all stoppages............... 4,250 383 366 446 792 85 8 706 308 391 6 and under 20................ a0 and under 100...... ....... 100 and under 250.... ........ 250 and under 500.... . 500 and under 1,000..... .... 1,000 and under 5,000........ 5,000 and under 10,000....... 10,000 and over............ . 577 1,629 1,001 555 267 193 17 11 52 126 102 66 22 13 1 1 40 119 100 56 30 20 1 - 45 169 101 58 33 34 3 3 98 326 176 107 36 44 2 3 109 354 199 111 55 26 4 - 102 289 157 79 49 28 2 - 54 118 74 33 14 11 1 3 77 128 92 45 28 17 3 1 Workers involved All stoppages.............. 1,779.8 96.5 105.2 238.5 275.7 198.2 176.9 415. 0 273.8 20 and under 100............. 100 and under 250...... ..... 250 and under 500............ 500 and under 1,000.......... 1,000 and under 5,000......... 5,000 and under 10,000....... 10,000 and over............... 7.2 83.3 157.5 192.2 176.8 378.1 110.0 674.6 .6 7.0 15.2 22.7 13.1 21.7 5.2 11.0 .5 5.9 16.4 19.9 21.0 34.7 6.8 .6 8.7 15.7 20.8 21.5 70.1 16.1 85.0 1.2 16.8 27.3 35.6 24.0 95.0 13.7 62.3 1.4 ' 17.7 31.2 38.6 36.1 50. 9 22.2 - 1.3 14.9 25.4 27. 9 32.2 56.4 18.9 " .7 5. 8 12.0 11.6 9.9 23. 3 5.0 346.7 1.0 6.5 14.3 15. 1 19. 1 26. 0 2z.2 169.6 Days idle All stoppages.... .......... 39,751.9 96.5 219.0 840.7 1,811.7 2,892.0 5,027.0 6,386.2 22,478.8 6 and under 20....... . 20 and under 100............. 100 and under 250............ 250 and under 500............ 500 and under 1,000.......... 1,000 and under 5,000........ 5,000 and under 10,000..... . 10,000 and over............... 208.8 1,863.0 3,514.0 3,861.4 3,996.0 6,969.8 3,111.3 16,227.6 .6 7.0 15.2 22.7 13.1 21.7 5.2 11.0 1.1 13.^ 37.1 43.7 43.7 66.6 13.5 - 2.0 32.4 58.9 71.0 67.6 235.4 53.5 320.0 8.3 124.1 192.3 250.1 163.5 652.4 99.4 321.6 20.9 258. 4 470.0 570.2 537.1 705. 1 330.2 37.8 426.0 714. 8 802.9 895.7 1,638.6 511.2 - 35.0 287.0 593.8 552.5 475.4 1, 107.3 215.0 3,120. 1 103. 1 715.0 1,431.8 1,548.1 1,799.8 2,542.8 1,883.2 12,454.9 Percent of stoppages ending in year All stoppages.... . 6 and under 20............ . 20 and under 100............. 100 and under 250...... ...... 250 and under 500......... . 500 and under 1,000.......... 1,000 and under 5,000......... 5,000 and under 10,000........ 10,000 and over............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.6 38.3 23.6 13. 1 6.3 4.5 .4 .3 13.6 32.9 26.6 17.2 5.7 3.4 .3 .3 10.9 32.5 27.3 15.3 8.2 5.5 .3 - 10. 1 37.9 22.6 13.0 7.4 7.6 .7 .7 12.4 41.2 22.2 13.5 4.5 5.6 .3 .4 12.7 41.3 23.2 1^.9 6.4 3.0 .5 14.4 40.9 22.2 11.2 6.9 4.0 .3 - 17.5 38.3 24.0 10.7 4.5 3.6 .3 1.0 19.7 32.7 23.5 11.5 7.2 4.3 .8 .3 Percent of workers involved All stoppages...... ....... 6 and under 20................ 20 and under 100............. 100 and under 250............. 250 and under 500.... ....... 500 and under 1,000..... . 1,000 and under 5,000......... 5,000 and under 10,000.... . 10,000 and over.............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .4 4.7 8.8 10.8 9.9 21.2 6.2 37.9 .6 7.2 15.8 23.6 13.5 22.5 5.4 11.4 .5 5.6 15.6 18.9 19.9 33.0 6.4 .2 3.6 6.6 8.7 9.0 29.4 6.7 35.6 .4 6.1 9.9 12.9 8.7 34.4 5.0 22.6 .7 8.9 15.8 19.5 18.2 25.7 11.2 - .7 8.4 14.4 15.8 18.2 31.9 10.7 - .2 1.4 2.9 2.8 2.4 5.6 1.2 83.6 .4 2.4 5.2 5.5 7.0 9.5 8. 1 61.9 Percent of days idle All stoppages.......... . 6 and under 20............... 20 and under 100............. 100 and under ^50............. 250 and under 500............ 500 and under 1,000........... 1,000 and under 5,000--- ..... 5,000 and under 10,000..... . 10,000 and over............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .5 4.7 8.8 9.7 10. 1 17.5 7. 8 40. 8 .6 7.2 15.8 23.6 13.5 22.5 5.4 11.4 .5 6.0 16.9 20.0 19.9 30.4 6.2 - .2 3.9 7.0 8.4 8.0 28.0 6.4 38. 1 .5 6.8 10.6 13.8 9.0 36.0 5.5 17.8 .7 8.9 16.3 19.7 18.6 24.4 11.4 - .8 8.5 14.2 16.0 17.8 32.6 10.2 ~ .5 4.5 9.3 8.7 7.4 17.3 3.4 48.9 .5 3.2 6.4 6.9 8.0 11.3 8.4 55.4 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year 1 Less than 0.05 percent, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 11 Table 4. Work stoppages involving 10,000 workers or more, 1927-78 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Workers involved Year Number of work stoppages Number Percent of total for year Days idle during year Percent of est. total Percent of Number working total for time 1/ year 1927................ 1928................ 1929................ 1930................ 1931......... *..... 1 5 1 1 6 165 137 15 30 122 50.0 43.6 5.2 16.4 37.7 9,737 10,086 195 270 1,954 37.2 80.0 3.6 8.1 28.4 0.14 .14 (2) (2) -03 1932................ 1933................ 1934................ 1935................ 1936................ 7 17 18 9 8 140 429 725 516 169 43.2 36.7 49.3 46.1 21.4 5,337 5,199 7,488 4,523 2,893 50.8 30.7 38.2 29.2 20.8 .12 .11 .15 .08 .04 1937................ 1938................ 1939................ 1940................ 1941................ 26 2 8 4 29 528 39 572 57 1,070 28.4 5.7 48.9 9.9 45.3 9, 110 171 5,731 331 9,344 32.1 1.9 32.2 4.9 40.6 .14 (2) .09 (2) .13 1942................ 1943................ 1944................ 1945................ 1946................ 6 10 16 .42 31 74 737 350 1,350 2,920 8.8 37.2 16.5 38.9 63.6 245 9,427 1,259 19,300 66,400 5.9 69.8 14.4 50.7 57.2 (2) .10 .01 .24 .82 1947................ 1948................ 1949................ 1950................ 1951................ 15 20 18 22 19 1,030 870 1,920 738 457 47.5 44.5 63.2 30.7 20.6 17,700 18,900 34,900 21,700 5,680 51.2 55.3 69.0 56.0 24.8 .21 .20 .41 .25 .57 1952................ 1953................ 1954................ 1955................ 1956................ 35 28 18 26 12 1,690 650 437 1,210 758 47.8 27.1 28.5 45.6 39.9 36,900 7,270 7,520 12,300 19,600 62.6 25.7 33.3 43.4 59.1 .36 .07 -07 .11 .17 1957................ 1958................ 1959................ 1960................ 1961........ ........ 13 21 20 17 14 283 823 845 384 601 20.4 40.0 45.0 29.2 41.4 3,050 10,600 50,800 7, 140 4,950 18.5 44.2 73.7 37.4 30.4 .26 .10 .45 .06 .04 1962................ 1963................ 1964................ 1965................ 1966................ 16 7 18 21 26 318 102 607 387 600 25.8 10.8 37.0 25.0 30.7 4,800 3,540 7,990 6,070 7,290 25.8 22.0 34.8 26.0 28.7 .04 .03 .06 .05 -05 1967................ 1968................ 1969................ 1970................ 1971................ 28 32 25 34 29 1,340 994 668 1,653 1,901 46.5 37.5 26.9 50.0 58.0 21,400 20,514 17,853 35,440 23,152 50.7 41.8 41.6 53.4 48.6 .15 .12 .10 .20 .13 1972................ 1973................ 1974................ 1975................ 1976................ 18 25 27 20 23 390 713 836 474 1,030 22.7 31.7 30.1 27.2 42.6 7,499 6,062 12,914 7,482 14,043 27.7 21.7 26.8 24.0 37.1 .04 .03 .06 -04 .07 1977................ 1978................ 18 11 531 526 26.5 32.4 9,886 13,537 27.6 36.7 .05 -02 Less than 0.005 percent. See footnote 3, table 1. 12 Table 5. Work stoppages beginning in 1978 involving 10,000 workers or more Beginning date Approximate duration (calendar days)1 Establishment(s) and locations(s) Union(s) involved2 Approximate number of workers involved3 Major terms of settlement4 Jan. 23 9 General Contractors Association— Hawaii L a b o re rs In t e r n a tio n a l U nio n of North America 10,000 3-year agreement provided wage in crease of 50 cents an hour, retroac tive to Jan. 1, 30 cents on Sept. 1, and an additional increase on April 1, 1979. Total wage and fringe benefit increase set at $2.17 an hour over life of contract. Mar. 25 5 13 Association of Bitumin ous Coal Contractors— interstate United Mine Workers' of America (Ind.) 34,709 3-year agreement (involving coal mine construction w orkers) reached on April 4 and patterned after Bituminous C o a l M in e A s s o c ia tio n a c c o rd reached on Mar. 24 with miners. (See A n a ly s is o f W o rk S to p p a g e s , 1977, BLS Bulletin 2032; C u r r e n t W a g e v e l o p m e n t s , Apr. 1978, p. 21.) De Apr. 4 4 M etropolitan New York Nursing Home Associ ation— New York S ervice E m ployees International Union 10,000 3-year agreement provided for 1st-year wage increase of $14 a week for non p ro fess io n al e m p lo y e e s , $ 1 5 for licensed practical nurses (LPN’s), and $16 for registered nurses (R N ’s); 2nd-year increases semiannually of $7 and $6 for nonprofessionals, $7 and $8 for LPN’s, and $8 and $8 for R N ’s, and 3 r d - y e a r in c re a s e s semiannually of $6 and $7 for non professionals, $7 and $8 for LPN’s, and $9 and $9 for RN’s. Apr. 26 6 89 G en eral Electric C o .— Kentucky International Associ ation of Machinists and A e ro s p a c e Workers 15,000 Strike during term of contract called over grievances involving interpreta tions of cost-of-living pay raise provi sions in the 1976 contract; dispute ended with the intervention of a Fed eral mediator before a final settlement was reached. July 1 0 7 82 N o rfo lk and W e s te rn R a ilw a y Co. — in te r state Brotherhood of Rail w ay , A irlin e and Steamship Clerks, Freight H andlers, Express and S ta tion Employees 321,000 Job security dispute ended with the im position of the “cooling off” period of the Railway Labor Act. The railroad ag re ed not to rem ove work from coverage of the union contract; to in clude about 400 nonunion jobs under coverage of the union contract; and to protect employees with 3 years of service and those who attain 3 years of service against pay loss resulting from the abolition of jobs. July 14 8 C ity of P h ila d e lp h ia — Pennsylvania American Federation of S ta te , C ou nty and Municipal Em ployees 17,544 2-year contract provided for a 7-percent wage increase retroactive to July 1 and another increase on July 1, 1979, equal to the rise in the Philadelphia Consumer Price Index in the prior 12 months; additional money provided for o p tical and prescriptio n drug benefits. The city agreed to reduce “where practical” contracts with out side trash collection and street repair firms, and to replace uniformed police in clerical jobs with the union’s mem bers; the union agreed to a reduction in overtime work and a ban on hiring during the coming year. Aug. 9 6 89 Publishers Association of New York (New York Times, Daily News, New York Post)— New York International Printing and Graphic Com munications Union (PGCU); Interna tional Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM ); The News paper Guild 10,500 P G C U — 6 -y e a r ag re em e n t provided $68-a-week wage increase as follows: $23 in first and second years and $22 in third year; wage provisions to be reopened for second 3-year period in March 1981; agreement provided for the assignment of 11 operators at each press, assigning w orkers to specific presses, and guaranteeing jobs for all press operators for the 6-year contract term. Job cuts were to be accomplished only by attrition See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table 5. Beginning date Continued— Work stoppages beginning in 1978 involving 10,000 workers or more Approximate duration (calendar days)1 Establishment(s) and location(s) Union(s) involved2 Approximate number of workers involved3 I Major terms of settlement4 through death, retirement, resigna tion, or discharge for cause. Aug. 9 — Cont. IAM— 3-year agreement: Terms identi cal to PGCU without wage reopener. Aug. 19 6 Retail grocery stores— Southern California Retail Clerks Interna tional Union 55,000 3-year agreem ent provided wage in crease of 10 cents an hour effective July 2, 1979, 35 cents Jan. 7, 1980, 2 cents July 7, 1980, and 30 cents Jan. 5, 1981; established maximum of 5 weeks of paid vacation after 20 years’ service; 16.5-cents-an-hour employer payment to pension fund effective Jan. 1979, increasing to 19.5 cents in Jan. 1980, and to 22.5 cents in Jan. 1981; new vision care plan effective July 19 7 9 , plus im provem ents in m a jo r m e d ic a l co ve ra g e (to $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ), m aternity, lab orato ry, X-ray, and dental benefits. (See C u r r e n t W a g e D e v e l o p m e n t s , Sept. 1978 and Mar. 1979.) Aug. 25 1 New York Shipping As s o c ia tio n ( N YS A) — New York, New Jersey In te r n a tio n a l L o n g s h o re m e n ’ s Association (ILA) 11,000 Jurisdictional dispute between the ILA and the New York-New Jersey W a terfront Commission over hiring of waterfront checker personnel. Dispute ended when the NYSA sided with the ILA. Sept. 1 6 American Federation P h ila d e lp h ia B oard of Education— Pennsylvania of Teachers 20,000 2-year agreement provided an average 15-percent increment in second year in 3 steps: 5 percent on July 1, 1979, 5 percent on Feb. 1, 1980, and 5 per cent on May 1, 1980; class size re duced to 33; rehiring of all 2,2 00 teachers who were laid off in June 1978; class preparation time to be maintained. Dec. 196 49 TV commercial advertis ers and pro d u c ers— interstate Screen Actors Guild, In c .; A m e ric a n Federation of Tele vision and R adio Artists 25,000 3 -y e a r ag re em e n t provided for 15percent increase over basic session fees for TV actors plus annual costof-living adjustment measured from Nov. 16, 1978, and 17 percent over basic session fees for radio artists; TV actor session fees were raised to scale and one-half for commercials involving more than one client. Pen sion and welfare benefits were in creased by 0.05 percent. 4 Adapted largely from C u r r e n t W a g e D e v e l o p m e n t s , published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 5 Staggered idleness. The United Mine Workers struck on Dec. 6, 1977, and miners returned to work Mar. 24, 1978. Construction crews then struck on Mar. 25 and returned Apr. 7. 6 Staggered idleness. 7 Staggered idleness. The railway clerks extended the stoppages on Sept. 26 to 43 lines and, on Sept. 27, to all 73 lines that are members of the railroad mutual aid pact. On Sept. 28, President Carter ordered a 60-day cooling-off period and established a 3-m em ber em ergency factfinding board, as provided by the Railway Labor Act. On Sept. 29, a temporary injunction was issued directing all strikers to return to work. 11ncludes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and established holidays. 2 The unions listed are those directly involved in the dispute, but the number of workers involved may include members of other unions or nonunion workers idled by the disputes in the same establishments. The unions are affiliated with the AFL-CIO, except where they are noted as independent (Ind.). 3The number of workers involved is the maximum made idle for 1 shift or longer in establishments directly involved in the stoppage. This does not measure the indirect or secondary effect on other establishments or industries whose employees are made idle as a result of material or service shortages. 14 Table 6. Work stoppages by industry group and size,1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry group Total 500 250 100 20 6 1,000 5,000 and under and under and under and under and under and under and under 500 100 1,000 5,000 250 20 10,000 workers workers workers workers workers workers workers 10,000 workers or aore Stoppages' beginning in year All industries..................... 1/4.230 568 1,619 991 571 262 192 16 Manufacturing........................ 1/2,121 180 810 565 319 151 90 4 2 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco Manufactures................... Textile Bill products.................. 3 171 2 41 _ 22 5 1 73 1 13 42 1 9 1 25 7 _ 2 4 1 7 3 _ _ .... . Apparel# etc. Luaber and wood products, except furniture........... . Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 40 3 19 11 5 2 - - _ 69 60 102 6 6 3 31 20 40 17 25 26 8 6 12 5 2 10 2 1 11 - - 37 113 5 9 15 59 6 27 3 14 2 2 5 2 - - 1 - 21 3 8 6 3 1 - - 89 8 133 187 360 8 1 16 11 28 34 2 59 65 170 27 3 30 58 91 13 1 21 32 44 2 5 4 - - Machinery, except electrical........... Llectrical Machinery, eguipaent, and supplies............................. Transportation eguipaent............... Instruaents, etc. 4/................... Miscellaneous Manufacturing industries. 277 28 92 72 44 23 18 - _ 190 149 33 36 9 9 1 7 46 43 10 9 61 34 9 10 34 32 5 9 25 15 6 1 14 12 2 - 4 - 1 - Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................... Cheaicals and allied products.......... Petroleua refining and related industries. ........... fiubber and Miscellaneous plastics prod ucts............................. Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Priaary aetal industries............... Fabricated aetal products 3/........... 5 1 7 16 23 11 - - - Monaanufactaring..................... 1/2,110 388 809 426 252 111 103 12 9 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... Mining................................. Contract construction.................. Transportation, conaunication. electric, gas, and sanitary services. Hholesale and retail trade....... ...... 14 275 385 3 23 54 5 65 141 4 84 74 2 54 49 41 26 _ 5 35 2 5 1 1 259 445 62 142 116 206 39 48 20 24 5 10 12 14 3 - 2 1 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services......... ...................... Governaent 5/___ ...................... 21 232 481 6 44 54 10 105 162 1 55 121 3 23 77 1 28 _ 2 36 1 1 _ 2 2 Horkers involved All industries..................... 1/1.622.6 7.1 82.8 156.1 196.9 173.5 375.7 104.1 526.5 Manufacturing........................ 1/567.8 2.3 43.3 90.1 110.8 100.8 169.7 25.2 25.5 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco Manufactures............... .... Textile sill products.... . 1.7 33.3 .2 14.0 _ .3 .1 _ 7.2 .1 1.4 .4 8.6 2-5 1.2 2.3 1.3 12.2 6.9 - _ - Apparel, etc. 2/................ . Luaber and wood products, except furniture.......................^.... Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 5.8 12.5 8.9 39.6 (6) 3.8 (6) .7 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.3 - - - .1 .1 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.7 3.7 4.0 2.6 1.8 4.3 3.1 1.2 6.5 2.6 1.0 22.2 - - .1 .1 .7 2.8 .9 4.3 .9 5.1 1.5 1.2 10.4 3.3 - 10.5 - .4 .9 .9 4.0 - - 2.0 .1 3.1 3.7 8.6 4.3 .4 4.7 9.4 14.8 4.7 .3 6.8 10.5 15-5 3.5 .8 4.9 10.5 15.0 2.5 10.9 5.7 - (6) (6) Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................... Cheaicals and allied products.......... Petroleua refining and related industries........................... 25.0 16.8 fiubber and aiscellaneous plastics products............................. Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Priaary aetal industries............... Fabricated aetal products 3/........... 17.1 1.6 19.7 45.2 60.0 Machinery, except electrical........... lilectrical Machinery, eguipaent, and supplies............................. Transportation eguipaent............... Instruaents, etc. 4/.................. Miscellaneous Manufacturing industries. 83.5 .4 5.1 11.5 15-9 16.5 34.2 - - 79.0 81.6 10.4 5.6 .1 .1 9.9 5.2 1.5 1.3 11.8 11.5 1.8 2.9 16.4 10.0 4.0 .8 23.0 27.2 2.5 .1 2.8 2.5 .5 .4 25.2 — - 15.0 - lionaanufacturing. .................... 1/1,054.8 4.8 39.4 66.0 86.1 72.7 205.9 78.9 501.0 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... Mi ning................................. Contract construction.................. Transportation, conaunication. electric, gas, and sanitary services. Mholesale and retail trade............. 1.7 114.4 169.3 .3 .7 .3 3.7 6.7 .6 13.7 11.1 .8 18.7 16.6 25.5 18.9 7.1 71.5 10.8 33.8 34.7 10.0 .8 1.8 5.3 9.2 5.8 7.5 6.6 8.8 2.9 6.2 21.1 28.9 20. 1 - 332.2 55.0 1.3 7-6 25.7 _ .9 18.4 2.8 74.5 5.2 9.0 31.5 37. 5 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................... Governaent 5/.......................... 6.3 394.8 117.3 7.2 56.4 193.7 (6) .1 (6) .2 .2 .4 (6) (6) .4 5.1 8.7 .1 .6 .7 See footnotes at end of table. 15 .2 8.0 19.2 - Table 6. Continued— Work stoppages by industry group and size, 1978 (Workers and days iflie in thousands) Total Industry group 500 250 5,000 1,000 100 20 6 and under and under and under and under and under and under and under 250 500 100 5,000 1,000 20 10,000 workers workers workers workers workers workers workers 10,000 workers or aore Days idle during year 1/36,921.5 201.9 1,801.0 3,344.0 3,986.1 3,814.3 7,483.6 2,753.3 13,537.3 Manufacturing........................ 1/15,602.0 All industries.................. . 68.5 1,137.0 2,364.1 3,053.8 2,965.0 4,225.5 1,095.7 692.4 - - _ 11.3 53.5 79.6 92.1 _ 156.9 .9 24.0 6-9 181.5 84.2 - 10.4 3-1 1.5 106.0 .1 13.4 - - - 163.1 - - Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco aanufactures................... Textile Bill products.................. 88. 1 558.2 1.0 341.3 Apparel, etc. 2/....................... Lumber and aood products, except furniture............................ Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 136.7 1.2 35.1 40.0 27.0 33.3 - - 270.9 297.2 2,177.5 2.1 2.3 .7 41.0 24.4 62.9 72.0 54.6 147.3 61.5 49.5 209.7 59-5 80.5 269.4 34.9 85.9 1,487.6 ~ - - 794.3 632.6 5.2 3. 1 19.3 73.6 37.6 118.9 29. 1 157.4 35.1 60.7 52.8 218.9 “ 615.3 88.0 1.3 10.9 13.7 42. 1 - 20.0 - - 362.0 42.8 469.1 1,377.6 1,682.7 2.3 -1 7.1 4.3 8.7 63.4 9.5 75.4 131.8 237.8 128.4 1.8 137.7 198.0 505.0 87.5 25.0 166.8 345.2 525.6 77.0 6.5 82.1 262.3 284.5 3.5 435.9 121.1 - — - - - 2,159.7 12.1 122.8 280.6 442.7 682.2 619.3 - - 1,209.5 2,447.2 289.6 175.8 1.1 1.7 .2 1.8 37.5 48.5 14.6 7.6 197.1 125.2 66.6 57.8 198.3 316.4 27.7 69.6 339.7 465.3 122.8 39.1 358.7 394.4 57.8 - - 77.1 - Monmanufacturing..................... 1/21,319.5 133.4 664.0 979.9 932.3 849.4 3,258.0 35.4 10,260.6 2,271.8 .3 1.0 11.0 3.4 18.7 89.2 16.4 105.8 159.2 15.2 139.7 207.8 - 202.9 190.1 18.9 888.6 34.3 655.8 9,739.2 70.0 4,452.5 1,757.9 25.8 65.4 119.2 247.9 152.2 203.2 115.4 167.1 81.9 186.1 884.2 668.3 635.2 - 2,438.7 220.0 133.4 • 701.2 1,706.7 2.6 19.0 8.2 7.3 122.8 55.6 6.7 171.6 164.8 14.9 86.3 185.9 3.7 14.7 170.0 75.2 722.9 234.0 Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................... Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleua refining and related industries........................... Eubber and miscellaneous plastics products............................. Leather and Leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary aetal industries............... Fabricated aetal products 3/-.......... Machinery, except electrical........... .Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies............................. Transportation equipment............... Instruments, etc. 4/................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... Mining................................. Contract construction.................. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services. Wholesale and retail trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................... Government 5/__ ....................... ■ The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and op tical goods; watches and clocks. _ - — 1,095.7 — - — 1,657.5 _ 98.2 - 12,844.9 _ _ 211.8 165.3 3 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal deter mination JhataAwoife stoppage has taken place in violation of any taw or public policy. ' Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 16 Table 7. Work stoppages by affiliation of unions involved, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Affiliation Stoppages Workers involved Number Percent Number Percent All stoppages.............. 4,230 100.0 1,622.6 100.0 36,921.5 100.0 AFL-CIO...................... Onaffiliated unions.......... Single-fir« unions........... Different affiliations 1/.... Professional employee associations................. No union involved............. 2,610 1,250 43 8 61.7 29.6 1.0 .2 1,200.4 328.4 10.4 1.7 74.0 20.2 .6 .1 19,515.8 16,362.8 159.9 44.6 52.9 44.3 .4 .1 236 83 5.6 2.0 77.0 4.7 4.7 .3 745.7 92.8 2.0 .3 1 Includes work stoppages Involving either oneunionor more affiliated with the AFL-CIO and one unaffiliated union or more, or two unaffiliated unions or more. Number Percent NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals, Table 8. Work stoppages by contract status and size, 1978 (Workers and days Idle in thousands) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Contract status and number of workers involved Stoppages Number Workers involved Percent Number Percent Number Percent 4,230 100.0 1,622.6 100.0 36,921.5 100.0 568 1,619 991 571 262 192 16 11 13.4 38.3 23.4 13.5 6.2 4.5 .4 .3 7. 1 82.8 156. 1 196.9 173.5 375.7 104.1 526.5 .4 5.1 9.6 12. 1 10.7 23.2 6.4 32.4 201.9 1,801.0 3,344.0 3,986.1 3,814.3 7,483.6 2,753.3 13,537.3 .5 4.9 9.1 10.8 10.3 20.3 7.5 36.7 438 136 203 62 25 8 4 - 10.4 3.2 4.8 1.5 .6 .2 .1 ~ 39.8 1.8 8.9 9.4 8.0 5.0 6. 6 - 2.5 .1 .5 .6 .5 .3 .4 - 1,596.0 75.8 288.1 340. 1 201.9 275.3 415.0 - 4.3 .2 .8 .9 .5 .7 1.1 “ Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)............ 6 and under 20....................... 20 and under 100..................... 100 and under 250................. . 250 and under 500.................... 500 and under 1,000.................. 1,000 and under 5,000................ 5,000 and under 10,000................ 10,000 and over........... .......... 2,824 270 1,098 726 403 180 127 12 8 66.8 6.4 26.0 17.2 9.5 4.3 3.0 .3 .2 1,248.3 3.4 57.9 115.0 138.7 119.9 241.2 82.2 490. 0 76.9 .2 3.6 7. 1 8.5 7.4 14. 9 5. 1 30.2 32,876.0 93.1 1,313.0 2,797.6 3,576.9 3,242.6 6,369.0 2,649.8 12,833.9 89. 0 .3 3.6 7.6 9.7 8.8 17.3 7.2 34.8 During term of agreement (negotiation cf new agreement not involved)........ 6 and under 20....................... 20 and under 100..................... 100 and under 250.................... 250 and under 500.................... 500 and under 1,000.................. 1,000 and under 5,000..... .......... 5,000 and under 10,000............... 10,000 and over................ ..... 657 68 197 154 117 64 52 2 3 15.5 1.6 4.7 3.6 2.8 1.5 1.2 (D .1 276.3 .8 10.3 24.6 41.4 41.7 109. 1 11.9 36.5 17.0 .1 .6 1.5 2.6 2.6 6.7 .7 2.2 1,802.9 5.0 54.5 101.6 140.2 201.1 568.7 28.4 703.4 4.9 (1) .1 .3 .4 .5 1.5 .1 1.9 No contract or other contract status.... 6 and under 20.................... . 20 and under 100........ ............. 100 and under 250.................... 250 and under 500.................... 500 and under 1,000.................. 1,000 and under 5,000................ 5,000 and under 10,000................ 10,000 and over...................... 147 42 53 20 18 6 7 1 - 3.5 1.0 1.3 .5 .4 .1 .2 (D 37.0 .5 2.4 3.0 6.2 4. 1 15.8 5.0 2.3 (1) .2 .2 .4 .3 1.0 .3 366.6 8.9 34.5 17.3 50.5 71.1 124.2 60.0 1.0 (1) .1 (1) .1 .2 .3 .2 • No information on contract status...... 6 and under 20....................... 20 and under 100..................... 100 and under 250.................... 250 and under 500...... ............. 500 and under 1,000.................. 1,000 and under 5,000................ 5,000 and under 10,000............... 10,000 and over...................... 164 52 68 29 8 4 2 1 - 3.9 1.2 1.6 .7 .2 .1 (D (1) * 21.1 .6 3.2 4. 1 2.5 2.7 2.9 5.0 1.3 (1) .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 - 280.0 19.1 111.0 87.4 16.6 24.2 6.6 15.0 .8 .1 .3 .2 (1) .1 (D (1) ~ All stoppages...................... . 6 and under 20......................... 20 and under 100....................... 100 and under 250...................... 250 and under 500...................... 500 and under 1,000.................... 1,000 and under 5,000................... 5,000 and under 10,000............ . 10,000 and over.......... ............. Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition.................... 6 and under 20....... ............... 20 and under 100..................... 100 and under 250....... ............ 250 and under 500.................... 500 and under 1,000.................. 1,000 and under 5,000................ 5,000 and under 10,000............... 10,000 and over...................... 1 Less than 0.05 percent. - _ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 17 Table 9. Work stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry group Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Henegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening) Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition Total Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Rorkers involved Stoppages beginning in year Number Workers involved Days idle during year (all stoppages) All industries...................... 1/4,230 1,622.6 36,921.5 438 39.8 1,596.0 2,824 1,248.3 32,876.0 Manufacturing......................... 1/2,121 567.8 15,602.0 206 22.8 1,081.8 1,559 384.6 12,800.6 Ordnance and accessories................ food and kindred products............... Tobacco manufactures.................... Textile Bill products................... 3 171 2 41 1.7 33.3 .2 14.0 88. 1 558.2 1.0 341.3 1 25 6 2.0 .3 1.5 56.4 11.9 2 125 2 29 1.6 24.1 .2 13.5 86.5 472.5 1-0 325.5 Apparel, etc. 3/...... ..... . Lumber and wood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............ . 40 5.8 136.7 9 .4 52.6 15 2.7 59.5 69 60 102 12.5 8.9 39.6 270.9 297.2 2,177.5 10 16 9 .3 2.5 3.3 10.5 117.2 331.4 47 40 84 8.7 5.8 34.5 237.6 178.9 1,803.8 37 113 25.0 16.8 794.3 632.6 3 6 .1 .7 5.6 19.6 30 93 13.5 14.3 170.3 576.5 21 6.3 88.0 ~ - - 16 1.7 63.8 89 8 133 187 360 17.1 1.6 19.7 45.2 60.0 362-0 42.8 469.1 1,377.6 1,682.7 9 2 14 12 29 1. 1 .1 2.0 1.2 2.0 28.1 1.3 52.1 22.6 101.7 66 3 102 137 284 11.2 1.0 15.2 27.7 47.2 282.4 37.4 400.8 1,211.2 1,488.7 277 83.5 2,159.7 23 1.5 86.8 211 59.2 1,838.0 190 149 33 36 79.0 81.6 10.4 5.6 1,209.5 2,447.2 289.6 175.8 5 12 8 7 2. 1 2.2 .7 .2 77.8 32.1 48.3 24. 1 113 113 22 25 37.3 51.1 9.1 5.1 946.2 2,233.8 235.8 150.5 Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries........................... fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 4/............ Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies........................... . Transportation eguipment.............. . Instruments, etc. 5/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. - (2 ) Monmanufacturing......... ............. J/2, 110 1,054.8 21,319.5 232 17.0 514.2 1,266 863.7 20,075.4 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 14 275 385 1.7 114.4 169.3 35.4 10,260-6 2,271.8 7 7 14 1.0 .5 1.6 30.8 34.6 13.4 3 27 259 .1 47.2 139.0 1.5 10,079.5 2,175.5 259 445 394.8 117.3 4,452.5 1,757.9 35 73 3.3 1.8 178. 1 75.7 169 314 362.8 108.2 4,152.0 1,571.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services.......... . Government 6/---........................ 21 232 481 7.2 56.4 193.7 133.4 701.2 1,706.7 2 48 46 (2) 3.7 5.1 5.1 134.5 42.0 17 148 331 7.1 50.0 149.3 128.1 532.8 1,434.9 See footnotes at end of ta£>le. 18 Table 9. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and contract status, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved) Industry group Stoppages beginning in year No contract or other contract status Days idle during year (all stoppages) Humber Workers involved Stoppages beginning in year No information on contract status Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved I Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved All i ndu £tries...................... 1/657 276.3 1,802.9 147 37.0 366.6 164 21.1 280.0 Manufacturing......................... 1/228 126.9 1,352.9 38 16.8 160.7 90 16.8 206.0 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............... Tobacco manufactures.................... Textile mill products................... - - 23.5 _ 1 _ 13 — - _ 6.4 - _ .1 _ 7 — 5 .2 8 1.6 13.6 6 .4 3.5 7 4 4 3.2 .6 1.3 19.2 1.1 22.0 5 .3 4 6 11.5 1. 1 3 5 1 11 28 25 Apparel, etc. 1/........................ lumber and mood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products..*......... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ Putter and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products....... . Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 4/............ Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation eguipment................ Instruments, etc. 5/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 31 ♦ — (2) — 1 — (2) (2) 2 .8 _ _ 7.5 _ _ .7 — _ 5.7 _ 3.9 - - - - - 2 -3 1.2 3 .2 3.6 19.1 618.4 26.4 3 - .5 2.1 5 .2 7.9 4.2 20.7 - - - 2 .3 3.5 2.3 .3 2.1 13.6 7.3 20.5 3.3 8.2 99.7 41.6 4 5 6 .9 2.4 .5 3.2 21.2 8.4 5 2 6 5 16 1.7 .2 .4 .3 3.0 27.8 .8 8.0 22.8 42.4 21.1 211.2 2 .3 2.3 10 1.4 21.4 59 14 3 2 36.1 13.3 .7 .1 154.5 63.2 5.5 .3 8 4 - 2.8 8.3 — 18.4 96.4 5 6 2 .6 6.7 — .2 12.7 21.7 — - .9 1/429 149.5 450. 1 109 20.2 205.9 74 4.4 73.9 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 236 87 65.6 22.7 138.0 61.8 3 4 19 .5 1.0 5.8 2.2 3.8 19.5 1 1 6 .1 .1 .9 4.8 1.6 24 20 24.8 5.9 92.1 18.4 12 14 2.9 6. 1 77.6 19 24 1.2 .8 24.2 15.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services................................ Government 6/........................... 1 14 47 .1 1.2 29.3 .1 6.3 133.4 7 50 _ .4 9.2 _ 4.9 91.8 | 1 15 7 (2) 1.1 .9 .1 22.8 4.6 Nonmanufacturing.........---..... . tical goods; watches and clocks. 8 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal deter mination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. 1 The number of stoppages reported for am ajor industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because TncffvfduaT stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 2 Fewer than 50. 3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. s Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and op .5 (2) NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 19 Table 10. Work stoppages by contract status and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Contract status and major issue Stoppages Number Horkers involved Percent Number Percent Number Percent 4,230 100.0 1,622.6 100.0 36.921.5 100.0 Negotiation of first agreement....... . General wage changes........... ....... Supplementary benefits................ Nage adjustments...................... Hours of work......................... Other contractual matters........ . Onion organization and security....... Job security.......................... riant administration.................. Cther working conditions.............. Interunion and intraunion matters..... Not reported.......................... 438 243 3 8 14 136 8 23 3 10.4 5.7 .1 .2 — .3 3.2 -2 .5 .1 39.8 25.0 .1 .6 1.0 10.3 1.3 1.3 .2 2.5 1.5 (D (1) — .1 .6 .1 .1 0> 1,596.0 1,014-8 1.2 4.2 — 55.3 399.9 69.4 49.8 1.4 4.3 2.7 (1) (1) — .1 1.1 .2 .1 (1) fienegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)......................... General wage changes.................. Supplementary benefits................ Nage adjustments...................... flours of work............. . Other contractual matters........ . Union organization and security....... Job security.......................... Plant administration........ . Other working conditions.............. Interunion and intraunion matters..... Not reported................... 2,824 2,359 46 57 14 109 61 60 101 11 4 2 66.8 55.8 1.1 1.3 -3 2.6 1.4 1.4 2-4 .3 .1 (D 1,248.3 781.4 11.9 33.9 3.7 24.9 10.8 349.6 29.0 1.7 1.4 .1 76.9 48.2 .7 2. 1 .2 1.5 .7 21.5 1.8 .1 .1 (1) 32,876.0 17,896.0 257.2 447.3 258-8 430.9 199.0 3,154.3 10,146.2 40.9 44.5 1.2 89.0 48.5 .7 1.2 .7 1.2 .5 8.5 27.5 .1 .1 (D During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved)........ General wage changes.................. Supplementary benefits................ Nage adjustments...................... flours of work....... . Other contractual matters............. Union organization and security....... Job security................... . Plant administration........... ..... Cther working conditions.............. Interunion and intraunion matters..... Not reported.......................... 657 33 7 54 16 38 45 337 40 87 15.5 .8 .2 1.3 — .4 .9 1.1 8.0 .9 2.1 276.3 14.4 4.9 23.3 — 5.2 11-0 34.9 126.3 27-7 28-8 (2) 17.0 .9 .3 1.4 — .3 .7 2. 1 7.8 1.7 1.8 - 1,802.9 193.1 8.8 121.9 31.1 77.6 786.3 345.8 133.5 104.7 4.9 .5 (1) .3 — .1 .2 2.1 .9 .4 .3 No contract or other contract status.... General wage changes.................. Supplementary benefits................ Nage adjustments.............. . flours of work......................... Cther contractual matters............. Union organization and security....... Job security.......................... Plant administration.................. Cther working conditions.............. Interunion and intraunion matters..... Not reported......................... 147 55 2 7 2 10 18 11 31 3 7 1 3.5 1.3 (1) .2 37.0 8.1 1.8 1.4 2.3 .5 .1 .1 (1) .4 .3 .2 -5 .1 .1 d) 366.6 132.6 1.8 4.7 (2) 125.3 49-7 16.7 26.4 4.3 2.9 (1) 1.0 .4 d) (D (1) .3 .1 (1) .1 (1) (1) (1) No information.......................... 164 3.9 1.3 280.0 .8 All stoppages...... . 12) .2 .4 .3 .7 .1 .2 (1) 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 2 Fewer than 50. 6.7 5.2 2.5 7.4 .9 2.4 (D 21.1 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 20 Table 11. Work stoppages by major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Major issue Stoppages Horkers involved Number Percent Number Percent Percent Number £11 stoppages.............................. 4,230 100.0 1,622.6 100.0 36,921.5 100.0 General wage changes......................... General wage increase.............. . General wage increase plus supplementary benefits.................... General wage increase, h o u r s decrease.. General wage decrease....... . Cost-of-living increase.............. . General wage and ccst-of-living increase... Rages and working conditions............... 2,751 901 65.0 21.3 836.3 205.9 51.5 12.7 19,341.4 3,492-9 52.4 9.5 1,436 3 43 165 203 33.9 477.8 29.4 11,653.0 31.6 .1 1.0 3.9 4.8 .4 10.1 49.4 92.7 (1) .6 3.0 5.7 16.8 314.0 1,536.1 2,328.7 (D .9 4.2 6.3 Suppleaentary benefits... ................. Pensions, insurance, and other welfare programs.......................... Severance or dismissal pay, and other payments on layoff or separation.......... Preaiua pay. ...---- ------------------- ... ether................ 62 1.5 18.9 1.2 271.8 .7 32 .8 5.5 .3 68.1 .2 6 24 .1 .6 5.2 8.2 .3 .5 41.1 162.5 .1 .4 Rage adjustments... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Incentive pay rates or administration...... Job classification or rates................ Downgrading.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retroactivity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Method of computing pay.................... 128 27 64 2 5 30 3.0 .6 1.5 (1) .1 .7 581.2 93.2 404.9 27.8 3.2 52.3 1.6 .3 1.1 .1 - 6 12.7 3.7 .4 2.4 <1> (1) .8 Hours of work........................---------.... Increase................................................................ ... Decrease........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6 .4 . 1 .2 4.5 2.0 2.4 .3 . 1 . 1 261.0 62.8 198.3 .7 .2 .5 Other contractual matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duration of contract....................... local issues supplementing national contract............................... ... Unspecified.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 19 4.7 .4 40. 1 6.7 721.1 174.2 2-0 .5 ! I 16 164 .4 3.9 10.7 22-7 105.0 441.9 .3 1.2 ! 272 86 6.4 2.0 38.6 6. 1 2.4 .4 762.4 138.9 2.1 .4 7 7 .2 .2 4.5 .5 .3 (1) 132.6 7.6 .4 (1) 57 39 42 34 1.3 .9 1-0 .8 7.3 3.8 8.5 7.9 - 2 .5 .5 146.5 132.1 174.8 29.9 .4 .4 .5 .1 3.0 1.1 388.5 28.3 4,027.3 929.1 1.0 69.1 10-9 2.5 2,431.2 28.1 6.6 .1 Union organization and security.............. Recognition (certification)................ Becognition and job or union security issues.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Becognition and economic issues............ Strengthening bargaining position and economic issues........................ Union security... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refusal to sign agreement.................. Other.... . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. ... - i ! 10 Job security..... . . . ............................................................... Seniority and/or layoff.................... Division of work....................................... ... Subcontracting..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mew machinery or other technological issues.................................... Job transfers, bumping, etc. ......... . Transfer of operations or prefabricated goods....................... Job security and economic issues........... Other............ ......................... 127 46 2 16 - I i - ! 59.4 6.8 38.9 .4 S I 2.5 .4 .7 1.4 j d ) 8.9 j .5 ! 19.8 .2 321.6 1.5 34 18 .8 .4 (2) 22.9 5.2 | | | Plant administration ................... . Physical facilities, surroundings, etc-- Safety measures, dangerous equipment, etc.. Supervision. ...................... Shift work........ ................. ....... Rork assignments........................... Speedup (workload). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rork rules................................. Overtime work............................. Discharge and discipline................... O t h e r .............................- ........................................................................................ 506 41 45 24 21 51 19 38 53 122 92 12.0 1.0 1. 1 .6 .5 1.2 .4 .9 1.3 2.9 2.2 172.2 11.7 16.8 12.5 7. 1 30.4 4.8 9.0 12.4 48.7 18.8 Other working conditions..................... Arbitratiob... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grievance proccdures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified contract violations............ 56 13 1.3 30.7 6.4 5 .1 .9 23.9 2.4 . 1 32.6 .5 .1 1.5 (1) .7 d) -3 - 38 Interunion or intraunion matters............. Union rivalry j / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jurisdiction-representation of workers 4/........................................... Jurisdiction-work assignment............... Union administration 5/.. ........... .... Sympathy.............. Other .................................... 100 Mot reported................................. 13 3 3 63 1 29 1 1 Less than 0.05 percent. 2 Fewer than 50. 3 Includes disputes between unions of different affiliation, such as those of AFLCIO affiliates and independent organizations. 4 Includes disputes between unions, usually of the same affiliation, or between 2 lo cals o f the same union, over representation o f workers. 21 d ) .3 i | : ! 23.9 1.7 .4 2 9 j .4 (D -1 - s 549.4 19.4 10.6 .7 1.0 .8 .4 1.9 .3 .6 .8 3.0 1-2 10,612.4 40.7 38.6 48.3 92.6 74.3 42.1 111.3 245.4 9,778.7 140.4 1.9 .4 (1) 1.5 181.8 41.3 4.9 135.6 2.0 (1) 152.3 1.2 15.6 -2 15. 1 (1) .1 1.0 (1) .9 (1) 41.5 48.6 .7 58.1 .1 .9 .1 8.7 1 1 I | I i ! i d ) - 1 (1) -2 - 1.4 .3 ; - - 3 .3 - 1.5 .1 I j | ■ 28.7 -1 .1 .1 .3 .2 .1 .3 .7 26-5 .4 ! | .5 .1 (1) .4 .4 (1) .1 .1 d ) -2 (1) d ) s Includes disputes w ithin a union over the administration o f union affairs or regula tions. NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 12 Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) General wage changes Total Stoppages beginning in year Industry group Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Stoppages beginning in year Number Supplementary benefits Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 1/*»,230 1,622.6 36,921.5 2,751 836.3 19,341.4 62 18.9 271.8 Manu facturing......................... 1/2,121 567.8 15,602.0 1,513 352.1 12,023.5 34 9.7 89.4 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............... Tobacco nanufactures....... ............ Textile Bill products................... 3 171 2 41 1.7 33-3 88.1 558.2 1.0 341.3 2 116 2 28 .4 21.3 .2 11.5 8.4 377.3 1.0 300.5 4 - _ 3.4 — 7.7 - Apparel, etc. 2/.--------- ----------- Lumber and wcod products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures............. . P a p e r and allied products............... 40 5.8 136.7 13 2.1 65.7 2 .1 1.3 69 60 102 12.5 8.9 39.6 270.9 297.2 2,177.5 46 48 81 8.2 6.8 33.4 223.2 189.0 2,003.1 1 .4 9.4 37 113 25.0 16.8 794.3 632.6 25 86 5.1 13.7 90.5 428.6 — 3 .4 — 2.0 21 6.3 88.0 18 2.0 67.3 - 89 8 133 187 360 17.1 1.6 19.7 45.2 60.0 362.0 42.8 469.1 1,377.6 1,682.7 66 3 98 119 275 10.6 13.1 23.4 43.1 252.5 37.2 357.9 930.3 1,344.3 2 2 1 7 1.0 .3 .2 .3 17.2 8.1 7.4 4.6 277 83.5 2,159.7 206 53.6 1,758.8 7 1-2 23.7 190 149 33 36 79.0 81.6 10.4 5.6 1,209.5 2,447.2 289.6 175.8 113 113 | 28 27 36.7 51.5 j 9.5 5.1 1,005.7 2,186.8 249.9 145.3 2 2 1 1.7 .4 — .2 2.6 3.7 — 1.6 484.2 7,317.9 28 9.2 182.3 .2 38.8 124.7 2.1 330.5 1,919.2 2 5 .4 1.9 14.8 30.1 3.1 .1 116.0 3.9 All industries............ . Printing, publishing, and allied indus tries______ .....------------ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries....... ..................... £utter and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products..... . Primary metal industries............ . Fabricated metal products 3 / .. ....... Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation eguipment................ Instruments, etc. 4/.................. . Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. | .2 14.0 21,319.5 1 1,239 i 35.4 5 21 10,260.6 2,271.8 227 .9 Nonmanufacturing...................... 1/2, 110 1,054.8 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 14 275 385 1.7 114.4 169.3 259 445 394.8 117.3 4,452.5 1,757.9 175 319 34.2 104.0 1,585.3 1,504.6 4 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services. ...... .. .................... Government 6/........ . 21 232 481 7.2 56.4 193.7 133. 4 701.2 1,706.7 14 150 330 6.9 28.2 147.3 124.6 411.5 1,440.2 1 3 9 See footnotes at end of table. 22 (5) .5 3.2 - 1.1 3.0 13.4 Table 12. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Wage adjustments Industry group Stoppages beginning in year Hours of work Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Other contractual matters Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Horkers involved Number Horkers involved 1/128 59.4 581.2 16 4.5 261.0 199 40.1 721.1 1/67 18.7 298.6 10 2.7 115.3 104 23.2 486.4 ordnance and accessories................ food and kindred products............... Tobacco manufactures.................... Textile mill products................... 6 2 1.5 .9 27.4 3-1 - .6 - 9 4 .5 .2 18.5 .5 Apparel, etc. i/........................ Lumber and wcod products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... i 6 1. 1 6.0 - - 6 .4 9.1 2 4 .5 I - ! .4 6.1 1.6 1! ~ -1 * .1 ~ 4 5 .2 3.0 1.6 100.4 2 .3 4.6 - .5 1 9 .1 .6 .1 11.5 - - - - - -! 21 3 1 _j .1 1.3 .4 8.6 93.8 8.0 4 1 5 10 16 1.0 .2 .7 1.5 3.0 45.9 .8 4.0 14.7 82.8 - 1.4 13 3. 1 106.1 1; 2.2 — - 10 7 — 1 - - .7 - _ 3.2 5.6 — “ 7.1 65.2 18.1 2 8 2 .7 6 1.7 145.8 95 | 16.9 234.6 .5 - 85.0 - 2 3 ! 17 .4 6.5 1.4 13.6 48.3 8.3 1.1 .1 59.4 .6 15 26 1.3 2.6 24.6 87.3 - 2 10 20 .1 .5 4.0 .8 6.6 45.2 All industries...... . Manufacturing...... . Printing, publishing, and allied industries---.-....................... Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries....................... . | Lubber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. | Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 3/.. ....... Number _ - i 1 - (si 1 2 2 11 11 - .3 .1 .4 3.4 2.3 4.4 .8 2.9 68.0 44.8 ; 4 3.6 84.8 8 6 — 2.5 1.3 — - 13.9 30-1 — Nonmanufacturing...................... 1/61 40.7 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining .................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 23 8 9.0 1.4 7 5 _ 6 12 .6 | .6 _ 21.8 7.4 19.7 13.9 1! - 26.1 5.9 1 2 - 178.0 39.1 See footnotes at end of table. (5) ! Machinery, except electrical............ blectrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.............................. Transportaticn equipment................ Instruments, etc. 4/............-- ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services................................ Government 6/-__ _______________________ 1 - I Number Horkers involved 23 - 1 1 - (5) (5) .7 -1 I Table 12. Continued—Work stoppageiffty industry group and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Job security Onion organization and security Stoppages beginning in year Industry group StOjppages begin]aing in y«ear Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Plant administration Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Stoppages beginning in year Number Workers involved Days idle during year (all stoppages) All industries...................... J/272 38.6 762.4 127 388.5 4,027.3 506 172.2 10,612.4 flanufacturing......................... 1/100 19.7 512.3 60 39.2 1,237.1 194 75.8 612.0 Ordnance and accessories........... Food and kindred products............... Tobacco nanufactures.................... Textile aill products................... _ 14 _ 1.6 1 1.3 1.5 79.6 43.2 _ 15 _ 3.0 _ 24.8 5 .3 14.4 1 1 1.2 22.8 Apparel, etc. £/........... ............. Lumber and wood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... 6 .2 i 38.3 3 .8 7.8 4 1. 1 8.6 14.4 98.9 .2 4 3 1 .6 .3 .1 6.1 9.0 42.6 3 1 7 1.0 .2 1.5 5.0 .4 17.5 4.5 27.5 4 2 16.4 .1 656.1 149.0 5 6 1.4 -9 10.7 8.9 - - - 3 4.2 20.7 7 8 1 | ! Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................... Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleun refining and related industries............................ 1 4 | - , Eubber and aiscellaneous plastics products............ ............ Leather and leather products......... . Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries............. . Fabricated aetal products 3/........... 2 1 7 8 17 Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation equipment................ Instruments, etc. 4/............ . Hiscellaneous nanufacturing industries.. _ 50.9 i .2 1.6 (5) I-5 .8 .1 .1 .4 4.0 1.4 3.9 .8 19.1 50.6 60.6 5 .7 25.7 4 3 2 5 3.2 3.3 .2 .1 26.6 39.2 34.2 2.6 4 2 7 ! 9 | 3 11 3 I 2 - (5) (S) .4 2.6 5.0 .4 2.2 47.3 52.2 4.5 8 1 9i 22 ! 27 2.3 ! .3 ! 1.9 ! 5.0 8.8 25.5 3.3 20.3 151.2 131.2 6.6 85.2 26 | 13-3 i 54.2 -4 2.9 - .4 51.9 - 39 13 3 1 14.1 14.e! .7 : .1 ; 63.0 38.3 5.5 .1 . 1/172 18.9 250.1 67 349.3 2,790.2 312 96.4 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... hining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, conaunication, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 5 5 38 .6 .6 6.5 17.5 1.7 30.0 1 8 12 (5) 2.4 9.4 .1 6.3 202.9 1 173 18 -4 42.4 I 10.3 18 47 4.6 1.6 53.2 54.6 7 10 322.5 3-4 2,477.3 41.8 26 24 24.0 4.6 86.1 55.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services................................ Government £/.............. ............. 1 32 26 (5) 2.2 2.8 5.0 71.2 i 1 S 8 | 20 .1 .9 10.6 .3 13. 1 48.5 1 17 52 (5) 1.5 13.1 1.4 16.1 92.7 Nonmanufacturing. ....___ _____.... — I See footnotes at end of table. 24 10,000.5 2.0 9,714.4 32.5 Table 12 Continued—Work stopages by industry group and major issue, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry group Other working conditions Interunion or intraunion matters Stoppages beginning in year Stoppages beginning in year Number All industries...................... Manufacturing......................... Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved Number Workers involved 30.7 181.8 100 32.6 152.3 13 0.9 8.7 154.4 9 4.0 70.2 3 .1 2.9 7.9 - “ - “ - * _ - - - - - - - 2 - - 1 2.8 2 - 1.8 - — ~ 1 ” .6 ~ Nonmanufacturing___ __________........ Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services................................ Government 6/..__ ......___.....-------- *9 ” ~: - - 4 1 3 - 1.3 .1 1.3 - 3 1.4 8 2 — 2 16.0 1.1 .1 J/29 8.0 - 11 1 - - 10.4 .9 9.0 - 4 1 .6 .1 3 9 - 32.4 “ - - - - - — “ - .1 .1 .3 .1 1 1 .4 .8 - •’ i .9 22.1 - 1 - 1 : (5) 91 28.6 82.1 I .1 1.6 (5) .6 (5) - .6 - 10 .7 5.8 - - 7.6 .1 28 57 11.8 13.5 32.4 34.7 2 11.9 .1 2 2 2.8 (5) 11.2 .7 5 .3 7.5 2 .4 3.2 1 2 .3 4.9 - - — “ - j " 1 - ! 1 ! 2 ! 1 1 j 27.4 14.4 1 - s - 1 (5) - - 19.1 -: 2.1 ! (5) - i 86.4 i 9.8 8.2 1The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. } Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. Workers involved 22.7 Apparel, etc. i/........... .......— .. Lumber and wcod products, except furniture. ....................... Furniture and fixtures.................. taper and allied products............... Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining... .. ............................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. Number 7 .4 -; “; Machinery, except electrical............ j Electrical machinery, equipment, and suppl ies. ............ Transportation equipment................ Instruments, etc. 4/-................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Days idle during year (all stoppages) 1/56 1 /2 2 - Lubber and miscellaneous plastics products.................. . Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries.... . Fabricated metal products 3/............ i Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............... Tobacco nanufactures.................... Textile mill products................... Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ Not reported - .2 .2 1.5 3.0 .4 .3 .8 ~ (5) (5) 5 Fewer than 50. ‘ The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 25 Table 13. Work stoppages by major issue and size, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Major issue Total 6 1,000 5,000 250 500 100 20 and under and under and under and under and under and under and under 500 1,000 5,000 10,000 250 20 100 workers workers workers workers workers workers workers 10,000 workers or more Stoppages beginning in year All issues........................... General wage changes................... Supplenentary benefits................. Wage adjustments....... ................ Hours of work.......................... Other contractual natters.............. Onion organization and security........ Job security........................... Plant adninistration. ................... Other working conditions............... Interunioc or intraunion matters....... Hot reported............. .............. 4,230 568 1,619 991 571 262 192 16 11 2,751 62 128 16 199 272 127 506 56 100 13 326 4 13 1 49 79 12 56 5 19 4 1,098 33 38 8 79 117 42 143 19 36 6 680 10 32 1 39 44 25 128 11 19 2 362 8 25 2 17 19 15 98 14 10 1 153 2 12 3 8 6 15 52 4 7 115 5 7 1 5 7 16 26 2 8 ~ 11 2 2 1 6 1 2 1 1 * Workers involved All issues.......... ................. 1,622.6 7. 1 82.8 156.1 196.9 173.5 375.7 104.1 526.5 General wage changes................... Supplementary benefits................. Mage adjustments....................... Hours of work...... .................... Other contractual matters.............. Onion organization and security........ Job security........................... Plant administration................... Other working conditions................ Interunion or intraunion matters....... Hot reported........................... 836.3 18.9 59.4 4.5 40. 1 38.6 388.5 172. 2 30.7 32.6 .9 4.2 .1 .2 56.8 1.6 2.1 .4 4.0 5.3 2.2 7.4 1.2 1.5 .2 107.0 1.7 5.4 .1 6.1 6.8 4.0 20.0 1.6 3. 1 .2 124.1 2.9 9.0 .9 5.7 6.0 4.6 34.1 5.5 3.7 .3 101.7 1.7 8.2 2.0 5.5 3.9 10. 1 33.2 2.4 4.9 218.8 10.9 13. 1 1.1 7.6 15.7 35.7 53.9 4.9 14.0 76.5 10.7 11.8 5.2 147.3 21.5 331.7 11.0 15.0 - (1) .6 1.0 .1 .7 .1 .2 .1 I ___ ___ Days idle during year All issues............... ............ 36,921.5 201.9 1,801.0 3,344.0 3,986.1 3,814.3 7,483.6 2,753.3 13,537.3 General wage changes............... . Supplenentary benefits................. Hage adjustments........ ............... Hours of work........ .............. . Other contractual matters.............. Onion organization and security........ Job security. ........................... Plant adninistration................... Other working conditions..... .......... Interunion or intraunion matters........ Hot reported......... .................. 19,341.4 271.8 581.2 261.0 721. 1 762.4 4,027.3 10,612.4 181.8 152.3 8.7 114.2 3. 1 3.6 .6 13.8 42.8 7.9 11.9 .3 1. 1 2.5 1,317.0 17.0 32.8 5.0 112.8 178.2 43.7 65.9 18.8 6.2 3.7 2,598.3 43.4 73.2 9.0 114.2 217.0 70.3 180.8 25.8 10. 0 1.8 3,066.5 38.6 123.2 93.0 151.9 86.5 64.2 314.9 37.9 8.5 .7 2,908.6 30.2 77.0 94.0 134.4 126.8 118.2 235.5 11.0 78.6 “ 6,064.8 139.4 99.6 59.4 114.6 111.1 680.0 171.0 10.9 32.9 ~ 2,630.4 79.4 28.5 14.9 “ 641.6 171.8 3,043.0 9,603.9 77.1 - 1 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote' zeros. 26 Table 14. Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Industry Number All industries........................... Manufacturing-......................... Ordnance and accessories......... . Guns, howitzers, mortars, and related equipment................................ Ammunition, except for small arms.......... Tanks, and tank components................. Sighting and fire control equipment........ Small arms................................. Small arms ammunition...................... Ordnance and accessories not elsewhere class!fied............................... Mean duration (days) 1/ Workers involved Number 3/a,230 19.7 1,622.6 36,921.5 3/2, 121 31.1 567.8 15,602.0 3 77.1 1.7 88.1 _ 3 - _ 77.1 - _ 1.7 - _ 88.1 - - - - - 171 31 10 21.0 34.0 16.6 33.3 5.9 .9 558.2 168.4 9.8 14 23 26 6 2 48 16.3 23.6 13.3 5.1 13.8 27.2 3.8 5.3 | 6.8 3.! .2 5.6 20.6 1.8 25.4 Tobacco manufactures......................... Cigarettes ............................. . Cigars........ ....... . Tobacco (chewing and smoking) and snuff.... Tobacco stemming and redrying............. 2 1 1 7.5 .2 1.0 '3.0 9.0 .1 .1 .9 41 3 35.0 23.1 14.0 1.7 341.3 26.4 4 57.9 3.5 143.8 2 33.4 .4 8.9 2 13 10.3 12.4 .1 1.5 .7 11.8 4 5 14.2 51.1 68.3 4.3 1.0 1.4 45.6 35.1 69.0 40 21.2 5.8 136.7 2 26.7 .2 10.3 13 12 18.8 16.6 2.4 .9 33.9 15.6 3 1 — 1 8 8.2 3.0 - .7 4.8 .1 20.4 33.9 .1 1.5 14.0 37.6 69 2 24 29.2 6.5 31.7 12.5 1.3 6.4 270.9 5.5 144.0 25 4 14 33.7 19.7 31.4 2.9 .2 1.8 75.3 2.9 43.2 60 29 4 47.4 57.9 59.4 8.0 8.9 3.7 2.5 .5 297.2 150.0 103.2 2.9 14 4 24.9 22.9 1.5 .7 29.8 11.3 102 3 36 9 46.9 48.3 24.7 39.6 3.3 23.7 4.2 2, 177.5 308.0 1,368.4 125.2 23 30 3 57.4 36.3 10.1 5.2 2.5 .7 276.7 70.0 29.3 37 11 1 46.8 53.0 100.0 25.0 20.4 (5) 794.3 718.8 1.2 Textile mill products.................. . j Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton............ Broadwoven fabric mills, man-made fiber and silk..................J.............. Broadwoven fabric mills, wool including dyeing and finishing..................... Barrow fabrics and other saallwares mills: cotton, wool, silk, and man-made fiber... Knitting mills............................. Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool fabrics and knit goods......... . Floor covering mills........... . yarn and thread mills...................... Miscellaneous textile goods................ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.............. Men's, youths', and boys' suits, coats, and overcoats................ ....... ......... Men's, youths', and boys' furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments............ Aomen's, misses', and juniors' outerwear... Aomen's, misses', children's, and infants' undergarments............................ Bats, caps, and millinery.................. Girls', children's, and infants' outerwear. Fur goods......................... Miscellaneous apparel and accessories...... Miscellaneous fabricated textile products.. Lumber and wood products, except furniture... Logging camps and logging contractors...... Sawmills and planing mills............ . Millwork, veneer, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products... Wooden containers.......................... Miscellaneous wood products................ Furniture and fixtures-.........-.--.---.... Household furniture........................ Office furniture........................... i Cublic buildings and related furniture..... Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures....................... Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures....... Paper and allied products............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pulp mills.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P aper mills, ...................................... mills...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . except building paper Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products, except containers and boxes.............. Paperboard containers and boxes............ Building paper and building board mills...Printing, publishing, and allied industries.. newspapers: publishing and printing........ Periodicals: publishing and printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Books.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous publishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manifold business forms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greeting card publishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elankbooks, loose leaf binders and bookbinding work. . ........... . . Service industries for the printing trade.. Chemicals and allied industries.............................. . . . . . See footnotes at end of 8 i o - i - — - - (5) (5) - - 1 17 1 - 10.0 18.7 6.0 - .1 3.8 (5) - - 5 1 31.0 8.0 113 35.0 table. 27 .31 (4) .13 48.5 90.9 81.8 12.0 2.8 118.5 .01 - .15 .04 - .14 .24 1.24 .27 - .7 59.6 .2 - .6 13.8 .1 16.8 632.6 (5) 0.17 - Food and kindred products................ . Meat products.............................. Dairy products....................... Canned and preserved fruits, vegetables, and sea foods............ . Grain mill products........................ Eakery products............................ Sugar.... .............. ................. Confectionery and related products......... Beverages.................................. Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products.............................. . 12 Percent of est. total working time 2/ . 2 3 Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Industry Industrial inorganic and organic chenicals. Plastics materials and synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, and other man-made fibers, except glass..................... £r ugs.... ....................... Soap, detergents, and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics, and other toilet preparations................ Paints, varnishes, lacguers, enamels, and allied products............ Gum and wood chemicals..................... Agricultural chemicals..................... Miscellaneous chemical products......... . Humber Mean duration (days) 1/ Workers involved Number 26 49.1 4.2 176.5 35.8 35.1 5.4 .9 141.7 23.1 26 4 | i I l ! i | 10 46.2 1.6 53.3 18 5 6 18 I 19.1 ! 7-5 3?-5 34.7 2.3 .8 .4 1.2 28.8 4.5 20.0 184.8 17.9 9.1 52.2 6.3 4.7 1.3 88.0 36.4 48.5 Petroleum refining and related industries.... Petroleum refining...... .................. 1 \ Paving and roofing materials...... . Miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal..................................... j 21 fiulber and miscellaneous plastics products... Tires and inner tubes..................... R u b b e r footwear........................ heel aimed rubber-.-..... -....... -....... Panricated rubber products not elsewhere classified.................... Miscellaneous plastics products............ 89 16 4 28.5 20.7 | 38.1 ~ 28 41 " 28.2 35.2 leather and leather products................. Leather tanning and finishing..... ..... . Industrial leather belting and packing..... Boot and shoe cut stock and findings....... footwear, except rubber.................... i leather gloves and mittens................. ! luggage.----- ---------------Handbags and other personal leather goods.. leather goods not elsewhere classified..... ^ 9 12.4 5 8 15.9 9.6 38.0 ! 57.0 - 6 _ 1 1 ! I i .3 3. 1 17.1 5.3 1.7 362.0 76.1 49.5 5.3 4.8 " 102.7 133.7 1.6 1.5 42.8 16.6 .1 19.7 „ ~ 2.0 .4 1-3 2.6 3.4 3.8 469.1 22.4 13.1 27.6 71.4 57.5 115.3 1-4 28.6 16.2 42.3 18. 1 39.1 22.0 31.2 136.0 31 31.1 «5) 6.2 j Primary metal industries..................... Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills.................. . Iron and steel foundries................... Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals...................... ............ Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals........... ......... . Bolling, drawing, and extruding of nonferrous metals........................ Bonferrous foundries.................. i Miscellaneous primary metal products....... 187 30.7 45.2 1.377.6 13.8 14.2 235.8 478.3 3.6 35.9 Fabricated metal products, except ordnance. machinery, and transportation equipment.... Metal cans................................. Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware... Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbing fixtures.... ........... Fabricated structural metal products....... Screw machine products, bolts, nuts. screws, and rivets....................... Metal stampings............................ Coating, engraving, and allied services-..-; Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.....; Miscellaneous fabricated metal products....! Machinery, except electrical-------------..-.; .Engines and turbines....................... Farm machinery and equipment.............. j Construction, mining, and materials handling machinery and equipment.........! Metalworking machinery and equipment....... Special industry machinery, except metalworking machinery. - ....----------- General industrial machinery and equipment. Gffice, computing, and accounting machines. Service industry machines.................• Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical. 1 7 27.3 .6 15.2 29 34 13 29.7 32.7 39.0 6.6 4.0 2.4 428.0 113.2 71.2 360 14 26 35.4 61.4 33.1 60.0 2.1 5.2 1,682.7 87.6 127.8 21 165 51.8 32.7 5.1 22.9 170.1 631.0 16.3 32.0 30.4 1 19.6 37.2 1.5 7.0 1.6 1.8 12.8 26.4 202.2 70.4 25.3 341.8 30.7 10.1 31.1 83.5 17.7 10. 1 2,159.7 211.1 222.9 65 38 30.4 ! 33. 1 14.6 13.4 381.1 400.0 35 55 6 25 19 30.0 42.5 34.3 57.5 28.9 ! 5.4 9.3 1.1 8.6 3-4 152.5 291.0 26.6 404.8 69.7 18.0 1 15.1 I 9.5 18.2 29.3 79.0 1,209.5 31 59 21 23 6.5 19.8 28.5 7.3 77.2 189.8 455.5 150.9 5 18 17 34.9 23.2 25.4 2.5 5.0 5.2 61.9 124.1 98.6 16 15.2 4.2 51.7 11 40 21 5 57 277 21 13 ; 190 28 .07 .27 ! 160.4 20.5 1 43.4 ! i 14.0 ; 51 52 See footnotes at end of table. ! .19 .5 25.7 133 9 7 6 22 12 45 1 ; ; 0.17 ! 1 (5) Stone, clay, and glass products.............. Fiat glass................................. Glass and glassware, pressed or blown...... Glass products, made from purchased glass.. Cement, hydraulic............ .......... . Structural clay products................... Pottery and related products............... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products..... Cut stone and stone products............... Abrasives, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products............. Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies................................... Electric transmission and distribution equipment.......................... Electrical industrial apparatus........... Household appliances....................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment..... Badio and television receiving sets, except communication types...................... Communication equipment.............. Electronic components and accessories..... Miscellaneous electrical machinery. equipment, and supplies......--....-...-. Percent of est. total working tine 2 J 1 *46 .41 .37 .25 Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Days idle d uring year (all staippages) Stoppacjes beginning i.n year Industry Transportation equipment..... .. ...-------Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. Aircraft and parts......................... Ship and boatbuilding and repairing........ Eailroad equipment......................... Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts........... Miscellaneous transportation equipment..... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks............. . Engineering, laboratory, and scientific and research instruments and associated equipment............................... Instruments for measuring, controlling, and j indicating physical characteristics....... ! Optical instruments and lenses............. ! Surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies........................... . Ophthalimic goods.......................... Photographic equipment and supplies........ Batches, clocks, clockwork operated devices and parts................................ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware...... Musical instruments................ . .! Toys, amusement, sporting and athletic goods.................................... Pens, pencils, and other office and artists* materials................... . Costume jewelry, costume novelties, buttons, and miscellaneous notions. except precious metals................... i Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..... ! Monmanufacturing.............. . Percent of est. total working tine 2/ Mean duration (days) 1/ Workers involved Number 81.6 47.8 12.6 11.9 6.3 1.8 1.2 2,447.2 892.9 741.2 336.7 442.4 9.2 24.6 0.50 9 2 10 33.8 27.5 78.8 24.1 13.9 7.2 28.7 33 37.2 10.4 289.6 .18 Number 149 87 17 24 3 13.8 .4 29.7 14 38.3 6.8 ~ 171.7 6 3 4 41.5 19.1 42.6 ! 1.1 ! .4 I .9 36.7 9.4 24.7 31.8 .8 17.5 41.3 35.2 29.1 5.6 .4 -5 175.8 10.3 29.5 10 68.6 1.5 47.9 3 57.0 .1 3.9 4 47.6 26.9 1.3 1.7 43-8 40.4 ! 3 36 2 3 .15 3/2,110 13.9 1,054.8 21,319.5 .13 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries........Agricultural production.................. Agricultural services and hunting and trapping-................................ forestry............................... . fisher ies.................................. 14 11 26.0 26.7 1.7 1.6 35.4 34.6 .01 3 ~ 12.0 - .1 ~ Mining...................................... Metal mining............... ............... Iron ores___ ....---------------------- Copper ores.............................. bead and zinc ores....................... Gold and silver ores..................... Bauxite and aluminum ores................ Ferroalloy ores except vanadium.......... Metal mining services........... . Miscellaneous metal ores................. Anthracite mining.......................... Bituminous coal and lignite................ Crude petroleum and natural gas........... Crude petroleum and natural gas.......... Matural gas liquids................... . Oil and gas field services............... Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.... Dimension stone................... . Crushed and broken stone. including riprap....................... Sand and gravel.......................... Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals... Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining... Monmetallic minerals (except fuels) services............................... Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals. except fuels...... ..................... 275 9 3 3 1 2 250 1 1 5.5 30.7 — 18.0 70.0 25.0 19.9 4.2 136.0 136.0 - 114.4 3.9 1.2 1.6 .3 — .9 108.3 -1 .1 - 10,260.6 251.5 — . 25.3 192.1 4.5 15.4 14.1 9,946.4 10.3 10.3 - 15 31.5 2.2 52.4 " 3 5 5 " 16.8 41.9 34.6 * •3 .2 j 1.5 j 3.4 6.3 3.4 36.4 2 22.4 .2 2-9 Contract construction........................ 385 19.3 169.3 2,271.8 259 5 5 13.4 9.0 9.0 394.8 322.0 i 322.0! 4,452.5 2,433.4 2,433.4 Transportation, communication, electric, gas. and sanitary services...................... Eailroad transportation.................... Eailroa ds-.............. Sleeping car and other passenger car service........ . Bailway express service.... ............. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation......... Local and suburban passenger trans pcrta tion......................... Taxi cabs................................. ' Intercity and rural highway passenger transportation. ................. Passenger transportation charter service. School buses..................... ....... Terminal and service facilities for motor vehicle passenger transportation.......! Motor freight transportation and warehousing.............................. Trucking, local and long distance........ Public warehousing....................... Terminal and joint terminal maintenance facilities for motor freight transportation.......................... j j *7 1 j ! 4.89 ! ~ 31.7 29 9 7 i | 8 2 3 ! [ 127 103 1 23 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. 29 20.7 52.0 ~ | i 3.5 ! ! 1.2 j i-o 1 114. 1 .8 1 .4 .2 25.0 3.0 4.9 29.5 12.3 39.1 " 31.9 32.1 29.4 41.0 ~ 13.7 12.1 1.5 (5) 40.1 41.1 ' 585.7 550.6 34.5 .6 I .21 .37 Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Industry group Humber Mean duration (days) 1/ Workers involved Humber Hater transportation...................... Deep sea foreign transportation......... Deep sea domestic transportation......... Great Lakes-St. Laurence Seaway transportation......................... Transportation on risers and canals...... Local water transportation............... Services incidental to water transportation......................... Transportation by air...................... Air transportation, certificated carriers............................... Air transportation, noncertificated carriers......... .....................j Fixed facilities and services related to air transportation..................... Pipe line transportation................... Transportation services........... ........ Freight forwarding........... . Arrangement of transportation............ Stock yards............ . Dental of railroad cars.................. Miscellaneous services incidental to transportation. .................. Communication.............................. Telephone communication (wire or radio).. Telegraph communication (wire or radio).. Badio broadcasting and television........ Communication service, not elsewhere classified............................. Electric, gas, and sanitary services....... Electric companies and systems........... Gas companies and systems................ | Combination companies and systems........ j Hater supply............................. Sanitary services........................ Steam supply............................. | Irrigation systems................. . 15 1 2 3.8 1.0 1.0 16.0 11.0 .1 46.7 11.0 .1 1 4 29.0 7.3 .3 .9 1.3 7 7 10. 1 57.3 4.6 16.0 33.4 636.3 3 57.5 15.8 1 23.0 3 11 1 1 1 1 48.0 58.9 15.0 9.0 41.0 15.0 i 7 21 10 3 80.4 19.7 15.8 21.8 | 8 44 25 8 2 2 7 59.3 67.0 76.6 42.8 5.8 40.9 7.3 ~ 1.2 8.7 6.9 1.1 1 .3 (5) .4 - Wholesale and retail trade................... Hholesale trade............................ Motor vehicle and automotive equipment... Drugs, chemicals, and allied products.... Piece goods, notions, apparel............ Groceries and related products........... Farm products-raw materials.............. Electrical goods......................... Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies................. Machinery, equipment, and supplies....... Miscellaneous wholesalers................ Detail trade............................... Building materials, hardware, and farm equipment dealers...................... Lumber and other building material dealers.............................. Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning eguipment dealers.................... Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores..... Electrical supply stores............... Hardware and farm equipment Dealers.-- ! General merchandise stores............... Department stores...................... Mail order houses...................... Variety stores......................... Merchandising machine operators........ Direct selling establishments...... . Miscellaneous general merchandise stores.. .................... Food stores.............................. Grocery stores......................... Meat and fish (sea food) markets....... Fruit stores and vegetable markets..... I Candy, nuts, and confectionery stores.. Dairy products stores.................. Betail bakeries........................ Miscellaneous food stores.............. Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations............................... Motor vehicle dealers (new and used cars)................................ Motor vehicle dealers (used cars only). Tire, battery, and accessory dealers... Gasoline service stations.............. Miscellaneous aircraft, marine, and automotive dealers................... Apparel and accessory stores............. Men's and boys' clothing.and furnishings stores................... Homen's ready-to-wear stores........... Homen's accessory and specialty stores. Children's and infants' wear stores.... Family clothing stores................. Shoe stores............................ Custom tailors..................... . Furrier and fur shops................. Miscellaneous apparel and accessory stores...................... ......... Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores....................... Furniture, hone furnishings, and equipment stores, except appliances.. Household appliance stores............. Hadio, television, and music stores.... 445 279 26 12 9 62 16 14 18.0 31.7 19.7 33. 1 67.2 62.2 ! 36.4 5.0 117.3 33.2 1.8 2.9 .2 7.7 .9 5.7 1,757.9 819.7 26.3 68.1 7.8 336.7 23.8 16. 1 629.0 I I .7 <5) .2 .8 (5) (5) I -1 (5) .6 14. 1 12.7 .1 6.6 34.9 .4 .2 2.8 .4 31.1 194.8 142.1 3.3 49.5 406.5 362. 1 39.8 1.1 1.2 2.3 105.1 29.5 17.7 12.7 .9 3.5 9.7 84. 1 64.7 132.4 143.8 938.2 22 34.3 1.3 31.2 17 34.7 1. 1 27.5 4 - 43.9 19.0 59.6 70.0 27.4 - .1 .1 2.0 1.4 .6 - .1 2.7 .9 80.5 64.8 12.3 - 142.0 8.8 8.8 17.5 1.0 58.1 - (5) 67.7 67. 1 .1 .4 .1 - 3.4 535.6 524.9 1.2 .4 9. 1 - 1 14 7 6 1 33 28 2 1 2 44 20.0 I 7.5 163.6 38 4 2 19.8 60.7 6.3 7.3 .1 (5) 160.5 2.9 .2 6 26.3 2.4 43.2 42.0 11.0 i-o 9.0 1.3 .3 .1 .1 .6 - 37.5 2.1 .1 .4 3.2 - 1 1 1 1 2 - ! | 7. 1 - - — - - 8 73.9 .4 18.4 6 2 - 74.5 50.0 “ .3 17.6 .8 “ 30 | ~ 12 51 77 167 See footnotes at end of table. (5) Percent of est. total working time 2/ (5) - 0.04 .03 Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Industry fating and drinking places............... Biscellaneous retail stores.............. Crag stores and proprietary stores..... liquor stores.......................... Antigue stores and secondhand stores... Book and stationery stores.. . . . . . . . . . . . Sporting goods stores and bicycle shops.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Farn and garden supply stores.......... Jewelry stores.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel and ice dealers................ ... fietail stores, not elsewhere classified........................... Finance, insurance, and real estate.. . . . . . . . . Banking..................... .............. Federal reserve banks.................... Commercial and stock savings banks....... Butual savings banks..................... Trust companies not engaged in deposit banking................................ Establishments performing functions closely related to banking............. Credit agencies other than banks........... Bediscount and financing institutions for credit agencies other than banks....... | Savings and loan associations............ j Agricultural credit institutions......... feronal credit institutions.............. Business credit institutions............. Loan correspondents and brokers.......... Security and coaaodity brokers, dealers, exchanges, and services.................. Security brokers dealers, and flotation coopanies.............................. Coaaodity contracts brokers and dealers.. Security and coaaodity exchanges......... Services allied with the exchange of securities or coaaodities.............. ! Insurance carriers........... | Life insurance........................... i Accident and health insurance............ Fire, narine and casualty insurance...... Surety insurance......................... litle insurance........ .............. . Insurance carriers, not elsewhere classified............................. Insurance agents, brokers, and service..... Seal 'estate__ ............................. Beal estate operators (except developers) and lessors............................ Agents, brokers, and aanagers........... litle abstract companies................. Subdividers and developers............... Operative builders.................. Combinations of real estate, insurance, loans, law offices....................... Bolding and other investment coapanies..... Bolding companies........................ In vestment coapanies..................... irusts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biscellaneous investing institutions..... Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Botels, rooming houses, caaps, and other lodging places.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Botels, tourist courts, and motels....... Booaing and boarding houses.............. Trailer parks and caaps.................. Organization hotels and lodging houses, on membership basis.................... Personal ser vice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundries, laundry services, and cleaning and dyeing plants.................*.... Photographic studios, including comaercial photography................. Beauty shops...... .................. Barber shops............. . Shoe repair shops, shoe shine parlors, and hat cleaning shops................. Funeral services and crematories......... Garment pressing, alteration, and repair. Biscellaneous personal services.......... Biscellaneous business services............ Advertising.............................. Consumer credit reporting agencies, mercantile reporting agencies, and adjustsent and collection agencies..... Duplicating addressing, blueprinting, photocopying mailing list, and stenographic services.................. Services to dwellings and other buildings hews syndicates.......................... Private employment agencies.............. Business services, not elsewhere classified............................. Automobile repair, automobile services and garages.................................. Autoaobile rentals, without drivers...... Autoaobile parking....................... Autoaobile repair shops................. Automobile services, except repair....... Biscellaneous repair services......................................... Electrical repair shops.................................................. Number Bean duration (days) 1/ 16 24 5 1 2 1 24.2 30.7 22.7 65.0 35.3 7.0 1 4 5.0 52.3 - 1.4 1.5 32.5 33.3 14.6 1.7 2.1 2.4 .9 (5) .1 (5) (5) .1 - - 6.0 75.8 (5) 25.5 17.0 7.2 (5) 133.4 2.8 1.3 1.5 3 21 2 - 17.0 2.7 - (5) - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 61.0 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - .8 - 61.0 (5) - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - — — - — - - - 5 4 _ _ _ 27.5 27.5 5.8 5.7 115.0 111.3 3.7 — 1 - — — 10.0 — .1 (5) - - — 11 21.8 .9 12.9 4 4 43.3 12.3 .2 .6 8.8 3.7 - 3 - - 18.3 - 1 1 1 4.0 1.0 1.0 — - — - .4 (5) - - .4 .1 . 1 - - - 1.6 .3 .1 - .2 “ 232 15.9 56.4 701.2 8 6 2 27.4 29.7 8.0 .7 .6 . 1 13.4 13.0 .4 - - - - - - - 15 13.3 1.2 13.9 13 12.4 1.2 12.8 _ _ _ - - - - “ - - - - - 2 49 5 50.3 29.8 42.6 (5) 25.2 21.8 1.1 290.3 180.3 13 2 1 56.0 13.7 67.0 1.1 .1 (5) 3.3 31.8 26.1 .9 28 19.2 2.2 48.0 19 7 10 2 18 37.8 22.9 1.2 -3 29.7 4.4 4 See footnotes at end of table. 31 - 47.5 17.4 18.7 5.9 0.01 .8 (5) - 1 - Percent of est. total working time 2/ .1 3.6 .2 47.5 2 Nuaber - 7 - Horkers involved - .8 .1 1.0 .1 - 23.7 1.6 13.8 .3 .02 Table 14. Continued—Work stoppages by industry, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Industry Kuaber Mean duration (days) 1/ - - 1 - Horkers involved - Nunber - Hatch, clock, and jewelry repair........ Peupholstery and furniture repair........ Miscellaneous repair shops and related services............................... notion pictures............................ Anuseaent and recreation services, except notion pictures.......................... Medical and other health services.......... legal services............................. Educational services....................... Museuns, art galleries, botanical and zoological gardens....................... Monprofit neabership organizations......... Private households.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous services..................... 13 6 19.8 18.9 0.9 .4 12.4 5.2 12 62 1 21 12.4 13.1 64.0 8.6 1.8 19.5 .1 3.5 20.7 267.3 2.5 21.0 2 16 3 12.4 17.4 24.7 .1 1.5 .2 .5 18.8 4.1 overnaent ---- ..... — --- Federal........ ............................ State...................................... County..................................... City.... .................. ................ Special district........................... 481 1 45 67 262 106 12.0 7.8 14.4 15.2 11.4 12.0 193.7 4.8 17.9 16. 1 124.4 30.5 1,706.7 27.8 180.2 185.6 1,047.5 265.7 (5) Percent of est. total working tiae 2/ 1.1 0.04 ' Mean duration is calculated only for stoppages ending in the year, and is of calculating percent of estimated working time, weighted by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the workers involved. 5 Fewer than 50. *See footnote 3, table 1. ‘ The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall 3 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constinot equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two tute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have law or public policy, been allocated among the respective groups. ‘ Because of a change in the Standard Industrial Classification for this industry NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals, in 1978, the idleness has been apportioned among other industries for the purpose Dashes (-) denote zeros. 32 Table 15. Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Total Industry Stoppages beginning in year Professional and technical Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved All industries...................... 1/4,230 1,622.6 Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2,121 567.8 Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 36,921.5 203 96.3 15,602.0 3 .1 Clerical Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 1,574.6 36 2.8 35.3 4.4 9 .6 5.0 _ _ Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............... Tobacco manufactures.................... Textile Bill products..... . 3 171 2 41 1.7 33.3 .2 14.0 88.1 558.2 1.0 341.3 _ _ _ - - - 1 1 - * Apparel, etc. . lumber and wood products, except furniture.................... .... ..... Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... 40 5.8 136.7 - - - 1 69 60 102 12.5 8.9 39.6 270.9 297.2 2,177.5 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - * 1 37 113 25.0 16.8 794.3 632.6 - - - 1 21 6.3 88.0 - - - - 89 8 133 187 360 17.1 1.6 19.7 45.2 60.0 362.0 42.8 469.1 1,377.6 1,682.7 1 1 - .1 .1 1 - “ ~ 277 83.5 2,159.7 - - - - - 190 149 33 36 79.0 81.6 10.4 5.6 1,209.5 2,447.2 289.6 175.8 _ _ _ - 4.2 1 2 - .1 - .1 1.2 - * - - 1/2,110 1,054.8 21,319.5 200 96.3 1,570.2 27 2.1 30.3 Printing, publishing, and allied indu stries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ fiubber and niscellaneous plastics prod ucts.............................. leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 4/........... Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies............................. . Transportaticn eguipment................ instruments, etc. 5/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Monmanufacturing..... ................ 1 (2) (2) - (2) .1 .1 .1 .3 1.0 (2) * _ _ - - .1 1.5 — .8 (2) — .1 - (2) — .3 - " Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. 14 275 385 1.7 114.4 169.3 35.4 10,260.6 2,271.8 - - - - — - 259 445 394.8 117.3 4,452-5 1,757.9 2 3 8.1 .3 616.7 2.9 3 2 .4 .2 3.5 10.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services................................ Government j 6 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 232 481 7.2 56.4 193.7 133.4 701.2 1,706.7 - - - 34 161 25.8 62.0 229.1 721.5 3 10 10 .1 .8 .6 7.1 5.4 3.9 See footnotes at end of table. 33 - Table 15. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Protective Production and maintenance Sales Stoppages beginning in year Number Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 1/36 14.0 235.8 3,484 937.6 29,580.0 51 10.0 58.6 Manufacturing......................... 1/7 .5 15.5 2,030 530.1 14,613.5 2 .9 19.4 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............... Tobacco aanufactures.................... Textile aill products................... - - 7 - .5 - 15.5 - 3 149 1 40 1.7 29.1 .1 13.8 88. 1 496.5 .9 332.8 - - - ~ “ ~ Apparel, etc. . Luaber and vcod products, except furniture....................... . Furniture and fixtures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and allied products............... - - - 38 5.6 135.0 - - - - - - 69 60 99 12.5 8.9 39.3 270.9 | 297.2 S 2,175.6 | - - - 27 106 15. 1 16.1 690.2 615.2 ; " All industcies......... . Printing, publishing, and allied industries..... ............ ........... Cheaicals and allied products........... Petroleua refining and related industries .--- .....--------------- ... fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products.... . Priaary aetal industries............ .... Fabricated aetal products 4/.-- ........ Machinery, except electrical............ .Electrical aachinery, eguipaent, and supplies. ................. Iransportation eguipaent................ instruments, etc. 5/.... -.............. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Nonmanufacturing- ...____ ______....... Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Iransportation, coaaunication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services....... . Government 6 / - - - - - - - - — . . . . — -- --------------- ----------- ~ - - - ~ - j - ~ ~ ~ - ~ 21 6.3 88.0 - ! - - I — - 88 8 i 126 | 184 j 350 17. 1 1.6 18.6 44.1 55.1 361.5 42.8 462.5 1,342.1 1,649.7 - - - 270 80.7 2,082.0 - - - i - ! - ~ 183 138 I 32 36 76.5 72. 1 10.4 5.6 1,169.6 1,851.6 285.4 175.8 1 - - J/29 13.4 223.3 1,454 407.5 14,966.5 49 - - - - “ 35.3 10,260.4 2,271.8 - - | “ i 1.7 114.4 169.3 - - 13 274 384 - - ~ 1.3 108.5 188 336 36. 1 42.6 847.2 1,115.6 “ 4 i 21 3 1 .1 7.6 5.7 (2) 110.2 .3 - ~ See footnotes at end of table. - 34 10 103 146 1.2 8.6 33.7 12.6 165.5 258.2 ~ — 1 .9 (2) — 19.4 (2) - - 9.1 39.2 - - - “ _ _ - .1 2.5 36.7 4 45 9.0 Table 15. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and occupation, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Service Industry Stoppages beginning in year Combinations Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved ill industries-..................... 1/148 24.7 348.3 272 537.2 5*088.9 Manufacturing-........................ 1/11 .6 14.3 59 34.9 929.8 Ordnance and accessories......... . Food and kindred products............... Tobacco manufactures.................... lextile sill products................... 2 .7 12 3.5 45.4 Apparel* etc. 3/___ ....______________ _ Lumber and vood products* except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... - Printing* publishing* and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ _ Bubber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. leather and leather products............ Stone* clay* and glass products......... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products j*/............ I Machinery* except electrical............ llectrical machinery* eguipment* and supplies........... ................... Transportation eguipment................ Instruments* etc. 5/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 8.5 .2 - - : 1 : .7 (2) - _ 1 .1 - (2) 1 1 .1 _ _ 1/137 1 1 “ 10 4 9.9 .7 104.1 16.6 - _ .5 .8 1.1 3.9 .9 6 2.8 76.8 2.6 9.3 39.9 592.1 502.3 4*159.1 _ 333.9 214 .1 .3 ~ _ 3 2 7 24.1 .2 12.9 ~ 1The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 2 Fewer than 50. 3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic .4 2.2 7.4 3.6 5 39 .2 .1 (2) (2) 33 58 .9 2 6 6 2 Monmanufacturing...................... (2) .5 (2) 3 Agriculture, forestry* and fisheries-.-. Mining.................................. Contract construction................... Transportation* communication* electric* gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services............................... Government 6/...........................1 (2) 1 76.7 142.3 3.5 111.1 - 1 29 25 _ 41 119 5.4 35,3 13.0 - (2) - (2) 342.7 63.0 _ 8.2 88.4 2*907.1 378.1 _ 187.5 686.4 and optical goods; watches and clocks. 6 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 35 Table 16. Work stoppages by major issue and level of government, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) 1 Major issue Total Federal County State City Special district Stoppages beginning in year All Issues........................ General wage changes.................... Supplementary benefits.................. Nage adjustments........................ Hours of work........... .............. Other contractual matters............... Union organization and security......... Jot security............................ Plant administration.................... Other working conditions................ Interunion or intraunion matters........ Not reported............................ 481 1 45 67 262 106 33 0 9 12 1 20 26 20 52 9 2 ~ - 30 1 2 1 2 8 1 ~ 49 2 4 3 2 7 “ 168 5 6 1 10 19 13 31 8 1 83 3 2 6 3 2 6 1 - 1 ~ Horkers involved All Issues............................ 193.7 4.8 17.9 16.1 124.4 30.5 General wage changes.... . Supplementary benefits.................. Nage adjustments........................ Hours of work........................... Other contractual matters............... Union organization and security......... Job security. ........................... Plant administration........... Other working conditions....... . Interunion or intraunion natters........ Not reported............................ 147.3 3.2 7.4 (1) 4.0 2.8 10.6 13.1 4.9 .4 4.8 - 15.0 .8 .6 (1) .6 .7 .3 12.4 .7 1.4 .4 .1 1. 1 - 97.8 2.2 2.6 (1) 1.5 2.1 4.5 8.6 4.9 .2 22.1 .2 3.5 1. 1 .3 .6 2.7 (1) ' Days idle during year All issues........................... 1,706.7 27.8 180.2 185.6 1,047.5 265.7 General wage changes.................... Supplementary benefits.... .... Nage adjustments........................ Hours of work.............. . Other contractual natters............... Union organization and security......... Job security............................ Plant administration.................... Other working conditions................ Interunion or intraunion natters........ Not reported............................ 1,440.2 13.4 39.1 .1 45.2 16.9 48.5 92.7 7.5 3.2 27.8 ~ 167.5 7.5 .9 144.0 1.6 32.9 .5 .2 6.3 - 917.3 5.4 19.1 .1 9.4 15.5 16.6 53.9 7.4 2.9 ~ 21 1.4 .5 17.5 2.9 .7 2.4 30.2 .1 - 1 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeroes. 36 - .2 1.5 2.2 .3 ~ Table 17. Work stoppages in government by major issue and union participation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Onion participation Hajor issue Total Called or supported strike Did not call or support strike No information Stoppages beginning in year All issues............................ 481 384 58 39 General wage changes................ . Supplementary benefits.................. Nage adjustments........................ Hours of work.................... ....... Other contractual matters............... Onion organization and security......... Job security............................ Plant administration..... . Other working conditions.... . Interunion or intraunion matters........ Net reported............................ 330 9 12 1 20 26 20 52 9 2 275 8 8 31 24 1 2 - 2 1 1 1 7 14 — 17 21 12 33 9 1 ~ — 2 4 1 5 - 1 “ - - Workers involved All issues......... .................. 193.7 174.8 14.7 4.2 General wage changes.................... Supplementary benefits.-................ Wage adjustments........................ Hours of work........................... Other contractual matters............... Union organization and security......... Job security......................... . Plant administration.................... Other working conditions................ Interunion or intraunion matters........ Not reported............................ 147.3 3.2 7.4 (2) 4.0 2.8 10.6 13.1 4.9 .4 143.0 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.2 3.6 11.0 4.9 .3 2.2 2.1 (2) .5 .3 .5 .2 .4 ~ - 3.8 (2) .1 (2) 6.8 1.7 - - .2 ~ Days idle during year , 1,706.7 1,603.4 69.4 33.9 1,440.2 General wage changes.................... 13.4 Supplementary benefits.................. 39.1 Wage adjustments.............. .1 Hours of work........................... Other contractual matters............... 45.2 16.9 Union organization and security......... | Job security............................ I 48.5 92.7 Plant administration....... . | Other working conditions................ 7.5 Interunion or intraunion matters........ 3.2 Not reported............................ 1,404.5 13.4 20.3 44.6 13.9 15.6 83.2 7.5 .3 9.2 17.8 .1 .1 (2) 31.7 7.6 26.5 (2) .9 .4 3.0 1.2 1.9 All issues....... . 1 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. - - 2.9 ! 1Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 37 Table 18. Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Occupation Total Federal State County City Special district Stoppages beginning in year All occupations............ ........ .. . 481 1 45 67 262 106 Teachers...... ...................... Nurses. ................................ Teachers and other professional and technical........................... Professional and technical.............. Other professional or technical......... Clerical............. ................. Sales.................... ............. Sanitation workers.............. ...... Craft workers............. ............. Coatination of blue-collar workers...... Blue-collar and manual...... ..... . Police................... ............. Firefighters ........... ............ . Police and firefighters................. Other combinations of protective....... Other protective..... ................. Service workers..... .................. Professional, technical, and clerical... Clerical and blue-collar............... Prcfessional, technical,and blue-collar. Sales and blue-collar...... ............ Protective and blue-collar.... . Professional, clerical, and blue-collar. Sales and clerical........ ............ Sales, blue-collar, and clerical....... Service and blue-collar................ 125 9 - 14 2 14 6 47 - 50 1 16 3 8 10 9 3 8 126 21 15 4 5 16 25 31 2 12 33 ~ 1 - 3 3 1 9 1 3 2 3 2 2 ~ 2 1 5 2 1 1 14 3 1 5 4 3 2 3 - 8 1 3 8 3 5 80 17 15 4 1 8 17 14 2 10 19 - 3 1 5 1 22 1 1 12 9 ' Workers involved All occupations....................... 193.7 4.8 17.9 16. 1 124.4 30.5 Teachers.....__ ........ .............. Nurses......... ...................... Teachers and other professional and technical............. ............. Professional and technical............. Other professional or technical......... Clerical................................ Sales........ ......................... Sanitation workers. ........... Craft workers................. ........ Combination of blue-collar workers..... Blue-collar and manual.................. Police.......... ....................... Firefighters ........................... Police and firefighters................ Other combinations of protective....... Other protective....................... Service workers........................ Professional, technical, and clerical... Clerical and blue-collar............... Professional, technical, and blue-collar. Sales and blue-collar.... ............. Protective and blue-collar............ Professional, clerical, and blue-collar. Sales and clerical..................... Sales, b l u e - c o l l a r , a n d c l e r i c a l . .... . Service and blue-collar.......... ..... 50.1 1.0 - 4.8 .1 4.9 .8 24.3 - 16.0 .1 9.6 .6 .8 .6 .8 1.2 1. 1 30.6 3. 1 4.8 .5 .6 22.9 8.6 28.4 .3 4.9 23.3 - 4.8 - 1.9 .4 .3 3.6 .3 .4 .3 .9 .3 4.6 “ 3.1 .1 .4 .1 .1 - 4.0 .1 .3 .7 1.2 .5 14.8 2.5 4. 8 .5 - .6 .4 .2 .3 5.2 .5 .2 4.1 3.0 - See footnotes at end of table. 38 (2) 2.3 .4 .1 .2 1.7 .7 .6 .5 ~ (2) 21.9 5.8 23.3 .3 4.2 15.2 ~ Table 18. Continued—Work stoppages by occupation and level of government, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Total Federal State County City Special district Occupation Days idle during year 111 occupations........... .......... Teachers. .............................. Nurses........ ......................... Teachers and other professional and technical......................... Professional and technical............. Other professional or technical.... . Clerical........... .................... Sales.................................. Sanitation workers...................... Craft workers.......................... Combination of blue-collar workers...... Blue-collar and manual.......... ....... Police...... .......................... Firefighters .......................... Police and firefighters..... .......... Other combinations of protective....... Other protective.......... ............. Service workers......... ............... Professional, technical, and clerical... Clerical and blue-collar................ Professional, technical,and blue-collar. Sales and blue-collar................... Protective and blue-collar........ . Professional, clerical, and blue-collar. Sales and clerical..................... Sales, blue-collar, and clerical........ Service and blue-collar..... . 1,706.7 150.2 8.8 2.2 3.9 2.5 3.1 2.4 250.3 5.9 25.7 3.5 1.6 92.6 47.1 250.2 3.5 25.7 267.3 “ 1The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. 27.8 - 554.5 5.8 27.8 — — ~ 180.2 185.6 1,047.5 265.7 25.9 .5 31.4 4.9 343.9 “ 153.3 .5 38.9 .6 .3 62.5 .6 .9 1.5 8.0 .3 40. 1 “ 70.6 .1 1.7 1.5 .1 (2) 39.9 .6 .4 3.0 5.3 10.6 12.3 3.2 “ 36.3 7.9 1.1 2.4 3. 1 1.7 94.6 4.7 25.7 3.5 .3 80.3 33.6 205.3 3.5 13.5 186.2 " 4.5 .8 1.2 .3 25.5 7.7 .2 34.0 37.7 “ 2 Few than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 39 Table 19. Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Level and function Protective Production and maintenance Professional and technical Other Clerical Total Sanita Crafts Other tion Teachers Nurses Other Police Fire Police Other and fire Stoppages beginning in year 2/481 125 9 27 10 9 3 134 21 15 4 5 119 Administrative services..... . Helfare services........ ........ Lav enforcement and correction... Fire protection................. Sanitation services............. Education...... ................. Streets and highways............ Parks and recreation.......... . Libraries.. ...................... 11use urns..... ..... ............. Hospitals and health services.... Transportation and allied facil.. Other utilities................. Other. ........................... Combinations..................... 9 7 28 18 34 264 13 1 18 20 8 10 57 124 1 1 9 “ 2 18 5 1 1 2 1 7 ~ 8 1 1 1 1 - 1 19 39 13 1 16 5 7 20 1 ~ 1 15 ~ 4 4 1 “ 5 4 3 3 5 75 3 4 2 2 17 Federal. ................ ......... Administrative services........ Helfare services.... .......... Lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection............... Sanitation services.......... . Education............. ........ Streets and highvays.......... Parks and recreation........... Libraries.......... Museums........................ Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other...... ................... Combinations.................. 1 1 - - - - - - -• _ - - - - - State........................... Administrative services........ Helfare services.... .......... lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection........ . Sanitation services........... Education...................... Streets and highvays....... . Parks and recreation.......... Libraries. ..................... Museums......... .............. Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other.... ........ ............. Combinations................... 45 2 4 29 6 2 1 1 14 14 - 2 2 - 6 1 3 2 - - - 10 6 2 1 1 1 1 - - - 3 3 - - 9 1 6 2 - Co unty..... ..................... Administrative services....... Helfare services........... . Lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection........... . Sanitation services.... ....... Education........ ............. Streets and highvays.......... Parks and recreation.......... Libraries ................ Museums......... .............. Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities................ Other................. Combinations........ 67 3 4 4 1 26 6 8 2 3 1 9 14 14 - 6 - 8 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 * 1 - - 15 1 2 6 2 2 2 3 3 - - - 1 1 - 17 2 3 6 1 5 City............ ............... Administrative services........ Helfare services...... ........ Lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection.......... . Sanitation services........... Education........ .......... Streets and highvays........ . Parks and recreation.......... Libraries...................... Museums........................ Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other......................... Combinations................... 262 6 1 20 18 32 108 7 1 3 13 5 7 47 47 46 1 1 9 8 1 - 3 1 1 1 - 3 1 1 1 - 85 1 17 12 7 1 9 3 5 30 17 16 1 - 15 1 15 - 4 4 1 1 - 70 3 3 3 5 40 1 4 1 2 12 All functions......... -...... i - I ; i | 6 _ * * See footnotes at end of table. 40 | 1 8 8 * ! - 33 1 1 ' ! Table 19. Continued-W ork stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) level and function Protective Production and maintenance Professional and technical Other Clerical Total Police Sanita Crafts Other tion Teachers Nurses Other Fire Police Other and fire Stoppages beginning in year - Continued Special district................ Administrative services....... Nelfare services............ . Lav enforcement and correction. fire protection............... Sanitation services............ .Education ...................... Streets and highways.... . Parks and recreation........... libraries........ ............. Museums..................... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities....... . Other........... .............. Combinations........... 106 1 101 1 3 - 1 - 50 50 - 4 — 4 - 1 ~ _ ~ 5 5 ~ _ - 23 1 19 3 ~ ~ _ “ _ ” - 23 23 ~ - ' ' Workers involved 193.7 50.1 1.0 11.0 0.6 0.8 1.2 31.7 3.1 4.8 0.5 0.6 88.4 Administrative services......... Welfare services......... ....... lav enforcement and correction... Fire protection...... . Sanitation services...... . .Education.. . ...... ........... . Streets and highways....... . Parks and recreation............. libraries..... .................. Museums............. ............ Hospitals and health services.... Transportation and allied facil.. Other utilities............. . Other...... ............. ....... Combinations..... ............... .9 .6 4.8 4.6 4.4 119.5 .4 (3) 2.6 16.2 1. 1 5.9 32.7 * 46.5 (3) 3.5 1.0 - - .7 .1 .1 1.1 (3) - (3) 10. 0 .9 (3) .1 .1 .1 .3 - 3. 1 (3) “ ” 1.0 3.8 ~ ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ - “ .5 “ ~ (3) ~ .7 .4 .1 .8 .5 56.5 ~ “ ~ ~ " ~ ~ .7 3.1 .6 .2 24.9 Federal...... ................... Administrative services...... . Nelfare services........ ...... lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection............... Sanitation services........... Education. .................. Streets and highways........ . Parks and recreation.... -..... libraries........... ........ .. Museums...... ................. Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities................ Other......... ................ Combinations. ............ 4.8 4.8 “ - * ~ ~ - ~ 4.8 - - ~ - ~ “ ~ “ ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ~ “ ~ ~ - ~ ~ State........................... Administrative services....... Nelfare services.............. lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection............. . Sanitation services........... Education ...................... Streets and highways....... . Parks and recreation........... libraries. ..................... Museums........................ Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities................ Other.................. . Combinations................... 17.9 .2 .7 — 15.0 .8 .4 .2 .6 4.8 — 4.8 - .1 .1 ~ 2.3 - “ “ - 3.9 2.7 - - - County....................... . Administrative services........ Nelfare services.............. lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection................ Sanitation services....... . Education. .................. . Streets and highways.......... Parks and recreation........ . libraries...................... Museums....................... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other......................... Combinations.................. 16.1 .6 .2 .5 .1 9.4 .2 1.2 1.5 .6 (3) 1.8 4.9 4.9 ~ .1 .1 .1 “ All functions............... . .8 .8 * (3) (3) — 1.9 .4 “ 3.6 - (3) - (3) 3. 1 .4 (3) .1 (3) * See footnotes at end of table. 41 2.0 6. 1 .4 .1 13.1 .6 5.7 3.6 - 4.8 ~ • .4 .2 .6 2.4 ~ .1 .3 .2 1.5 .3 .1 " .3 .3 - ~ ~ - ~ .4 .4 ~ - * ~ ~ - ~ ~ “ " ~ .5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - “ .4 .4 ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ 6.1 .2 ~ ~ 5.6 “ ” “ .3 " ~ - ~ ~ “ ~ ~ “ ~ - .,1 “ .1 ~ ~ 3.7 .6 .2 ~ “ ~ ~ ~ - 1. 1 “ • “ “ " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ “ " .3 ~ 1.6 Table 19. Continued—Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Level and function Protective Production and maintenance Professional and technical Other Clerical ■ Total Sanita Crafts Other tion Teachers Hurses Other Horkers involved City.. ........................... Administrative services....... Helfare services.... ......... Lav enforcenent and correction. Fire protection........... . Sanitation services...... . Education..... ............. Streets and highways...... . Parks and recreation........ . Libraries............... Huseuas.... ................... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other............... .......... Conbinations................... 124.4 .3 .1 3.6 4.6 4.3 68.7 .3 (3) .5 10.4 .6 .9 30.3 24.3 20.8 (3) Special district........ . Administrative services........ Helfare services.............. Lav enforcenent and correction. Fire protection................ Sanitation services........... Education........ ............ Streets and highways.......... Parks and recreation........... Libraries...................... Huseuas........ ........... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............... Other.... ................... . Combinations.......... ....... 30.5 (3) 26.5 .1 3.9 - 16.0 16.0 - 3.5 _ 0.1 .1 “ 4.1 4.0 -1 -| 'll - 0.3 .1 .1 .1 - 0.7 .7 - .2 .2 ” - - - ~ 1.0 1.0 ~ Police Fire Police Other and fire - Continued * 15.3 (3) 2.0 1.7 .3 ».1 7.3 .2 .7 3.0 2.5 2.4 (3) - 4.8 1.0 3.8 - 0.5 .5 - 5.4 (3) 1.5 3.9 - — " - ~ 7.8 7.8 - ~ ” 5.9 25.7 3.5 1.6 686.4 5.0 20.8 - 3.5 1.3 .3 - 7. 6 3. 1 .5 1.7 2. 9 478.8 10.6 26.0 2.2 .6 152.4 - - 1.2 .1 1.1 - (3) (3) (3) ~ - 70.8 .1 .1 .8 .5 42.0 .3 3. 1 .3 .2 23.3 Days idle during year 1*706.7 554.5 5.8 161.2 3.9 2.5 3.1 252.7 Administrative services.... . 10.2 4.5 Helfare services................ 12.6 Lav enforcement and correction... 22.4 Fire protection................. 20.4 Sanitation services.............. Education................. ...... 1,165.1 2.1 Streets and highways............. .1 Parks and recreation...... . Libraries................. ...... Huseuas....................... . 25.6 Hospitals and health services.... 133.5 Transportation and allied facil.. 6.7 Other utilities................. 38.7 Other.. . .................. 264.7 Combinations......... ...... . 463.4 .1 91.0 _ — 5.8 - .9 151.0 ■ 8.9 .3 .1 1.7 .6 1.6 - 2.4 .1 .7 2.2 .2 - .1 12.9 70. 1 2.1 .3 107.6 4.3 37.8 17.6 5.9 .1 - Federal.......................... Administrative services....... Helfare services..... . Lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection................ Sanitation services........ . Education...................... Streets and highways........... Parks and recreation.......... Libraries. ......... ........ Huseums............ ......... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities......... ...... Other.......................... Conbinations. ................. 27.8 27.8 - _ - - _ - - _ -i - - 27.8 27.8 - _ “ — - -j - State................. ......... Administrative services........ Helfare services............... Lav enforcement and correction. Fire protection............... Sanitation services............ Education ...................... Streets and highways.......... Parks and recreation.......... Libraries.... ............... Huseums.. .................. Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities.... ........... Other......................... Combinations......... ......... 180.2 1.6 1.5 — 169. 1 1.2 .5 5.8 .6 25.9 — 25.9 - .5 .5 - 39.4 .2 38.9 .4 “ — ~ ~ 62.9 56.0 .5 5.8 .6 .6 .6 ~ - ~ All functions................. - -• “ See footnotes at end of table. 42 - - “ .9 .9 “ ~ 50.0 1.4 48.3 .3 ” Table 19. Continued—Work stoppages in government by level, function, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Professional and technical Production and maintenance Total Protective Clerical Other level and function Teachers Nurses Other Sanita Crafts Other tion Days idle during year Police Fire - Continued 185.6 8.8 2.4 1.0 .1 109.8 1.0 5.4 -35.3 4.7 .3 16.7 31.4 31.4 - 4.9 4.9 - 72.4 .7 — 70.6 '.6 .3 .1 1.5 1.4 .2 ~ 0.1 .1 - 40.0 .1 .8 1.0 35.3 2.8 .1 0.6 .6 _ - _ _ . - City............... ............. 1,047.5 Administrative services....... 1.3 Welfare services......... ..... .6 law enforcement and correction. 10. 1 22.4 Fire protection............. . 19.4 Sanitation services........... .Education. ..................... 642.3 Streets and highways........... 1.1 .1 Parks and recreation.......... Libraries...................... Museums............... Hospitals and health services.. 18.4 Transportation and allied facil 77.6 2.0 Other utilities.......... . Other................. 4.8 Combinations....... ........... 247.4 343.9 252.8 .1 91.0 - 44. 2 36.3 7.9 - 1. 1 .3 .6 .2 ~ 2.4 2.4 ~ 3. 1 .7 2.2 .2 - 96.3 .1 11.8 8.7 1.1 .3 51.6 1.5 4.2 16.9 4.7 4.6 .1 - Special district................. Administrative services....... Welfare services........... . Law enforcement and correction. Fire protection....... ........ Sanitation services......... . Education............ ......... Streets and highways.......... Parks and recreation........ . Libraries...................... Museums. ..................... Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities......... ..... Other............... . Combinations............... . 153.3 153.3 - .5 .5 - 5.3 5.3 - 1.2 1.2 - _ - - 25.8 1.0 4.5 20.2 _ - County............. ............. Administrative services....... Welfare services.............. law enforcement and correction. Fire protection................ Sanitation services............ Education. ...... .............. Streets and highways.......... Parks and recreation........... Libraries. .. ... ........ Museums..... ............ . Hospitals and health services.. Transportation and allied facil Other utilities............ . Other.............. ...... . Combinations................... 265.7 1.0 244.0 .5 20.2 - 1The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. 2 The total number of stoppages reported for all fundtions or an individual level may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in two or more groups have been 43 Police Other and fire _ _ _ _ _ 0.4 _ .4 34.3 7.5 1.7 6.8 _ _ - — _ _ _ _ _ _ - 16.4 25.7 5.0 20.8 - 3.5 3.5 .3 _ .3 - 522.4 .2 _ .5 1.7 2.9 344.1 10.3 26.0 .3 .6 136.0 _ - _ - _ - 79.6 79.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ 1.9 _ - counted in each. Workers and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 3 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 20. Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) All unions and associations AFl - CIO Total Not recognized officially recognized Not recognized No Officially information recognized No information Stoppages beginning in year 481 411 22 13 163 12 4 Alabama. ...........-.................. Alaska. . ...................... ......... Arizona........ ........................ Arkansas ............................... California. ........................... 14 2 2 3 z3 2 1 2 1 20 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 5 1 - Colorado..... .......................... Connecticut............................. Del avare ......... ..................... District of Columbia................... Florida.... ........................... 2 6 2 3 3 2 6 2 2 2 - - 4 1 2 2 - - Georgia. ... ........................... Hawaii. ................................ Idaho....... ........................... Illinois............................... Indiana..... .......................... 2 — 1 38 23 1 32 19 1 2 2 3 10 6 1 2 _ Iowa................. .................. Kansas.................................. Kentucky. .............................. Xouisiana.............................. Maine................................... 2 3 7 4 2 2 4 3 1 1 _ - 1 - 1 2 2 2 ~ * 1 9 72 6 3 “ 2 ~ 1 8 17 2 1 - - 8 7 1 1 6 5 1 1 2 1 - 1 - 4 3 1 1 1 - 25 16 6 25 15 1 “ All States........................... Maryland.............. ................ Massachusetts........ .................. Michigan.... ........................ Minnesota............. ................. Mississippi............................. Missouri......................... ..... Montana. ......................... Nebraska..... ......................... Nevada.................. .............. New Hampshire.......................... New Jersey............................. New Mexico........... ................. New York................... ........... North Carolina......................... North Dakota........ ................... 1 9 74 6 3 ' | ' j ' - 59 1 4 66 5 2 - - - 5 3 - 1 3 3 1 16 1 16 - Ohio. .. . ............................... Oklahoma.......... ......... .......... Oregon.................................. Pennsylvania. ........................ fihode Island............................ 67 1 4 69 5 South Carolina.............. .......... South Dakota........................... Tennessee .............................. Texas................ .... ....... ........ Utah................................... 10 Vermont.............................. . Virginia ............................. . Nashington.............................. Nest Virginia........... ............... Wisconsin..... ......................... Wyoming................................. ! ! 3 i " i 4 4 2 4 - 1 - | 44 6 12 ~ 23 1 1 22 2 2 “ - j ! - - _ * 1 1 3 7 2 2 j | See footnotes at end of table. I ! i - ~ ” - i 1 1 - ! - | ! { ! | 1 - - - _ - 1 Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Other unions Employee associations No union Officially recognized Not recognized No Officially information recognized Not recognized No information Stoppages beginning in year 34 All States. 2 5 1 1 1 19 13 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 | 1 2 - - 1 1 51 1 1 1 2 3 1 - New Jersey..... New Mexico..... New Vork...... North Carolina. North Dakota... 3 2 1 I I i - 4 - 8 1 _ _ 1 : 1 16 _ _ 3 - 1 1 : - 5 1 2 1 2 1 | - 32 1 : 3 36 4 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 : 2 : : 2 2 2 1 8 : 2 1 : - See footnotes at end of table. 2 1 1 1 Missouri...... Montana. ....... Nebraska....... Nevada......... New Hampshire.. Vermont...... Virginia...... Washington.... West Virginia. Wisconsin..... Wyoming. ...... 35 2 2 1 Iowa..... Kansas.... Kentucky.. Louisiana. Maine.... South Carolina. South Dakota__ Tennessee. ...... Texas.... Utah.......... 7 1 9 Georgia.. Hawaii... Idaho.... Illinois. Indiana.. Ohio........... Oklahoma...... Oregon.... . .. Pennsylvania... fihode Island... 5 1 Colorado............ Connecticut.......... Delaware............. District of Columbia. Florida....... . Maryland...... Massachusetts. Michigan..... Minnesota..... Mississippi... 214 7 1 Alabama. ... Alaska-- Arizona. ... Arkansas... California. 45 1 Table 20. Contnued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) State All unions and associations AFL - CIO Total Not recognized Officially recognized No Officially information recognized Not recognized No information Workers involved 193.7 187.3 3.1 1.4 106.6 Alabama........................ ....... Alaska................................. Arizona................................ Arkansas ................................ California.............................. 2.0 .6 2.3 .1 4.0 .4 .6 2.3 .1 3.9 1.4 - .1 .4 .6 .1 .1 2.4 Colorado....... ........................ Connecticut......................... Delaware............ .................. District of Columbia...... ............ Florida. ................................ .2 2.5 2.8 3.2 .3 .2 2.5 2.8 3. 1 .3 - - .4 .3 .1 .1 All States........................... Georgia........ ........................ Hawaii........... -....... ............ Idaho............................... . Illinois...... ....... ................ Indiana..... .......................... i - .4 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 10.3 3.2 9.9 3. 1 Iowa... .......... Kansas. ................................ Kentucky........ ....................... Louisiana......... .................... Haine................................... .6 .9 4.0 .3 .6 .8 3.8 .2 Maryland................................ Massachusetts.. ........................ Michigan................................ Minnesota..... ......................... Mississippi.... ..................... . .1 6.7 20. 1 .7 .6 .1 6.7 20.0 .7 .6 Missouri.......... .................... Montana................................. Nebraska.................... Nevada. .............................. New Hampshire.......................... 4.6 .9 .1 - 4.2 .9 .1 - .5 .5 2.2 .7 .1 •1 .1 .1 .6 .8 3.4 - - .1 ~ .1 5.8 4.8 .1 .3 .4 .1 ~ 3.8 .8 .1 - - 5 .0 (2 ) (2 ) ~ Ohio... ................................ Oklahoma... ............................. Oregon...... .......................... Pennsylvania........................... .Rhode Island........................... 32.6 .1 .5 49.0 2.5 32. 1 .1 .5 48.5 2.5 .2 ~ Vermont. .....--- ......-----............ Virginia.......... ..................... Washington.............................. Nest Virginia.... .................... Wisconsin.... .......................... Wyoming. ..... .......................... .3 ~ .3 .3 ~ - 7.5 - .3 .1 - - .5 .5 9.7 .4 1.3 * - - See footnotes at end of table. 46 (2 ) - i I - | .1 - : ~ * “ - ■ (2 ) - - - ! " - .5 - .3 - .5 .5 9.7 .6 1.3 " ~ .3 - - 8.0 (2 ) - 11. 1 3.9 .2 * - - 3.1 .3 11.1 4.1 .6 - - 0.2 “ New Jersey............................. New Mexico............................. New York............................... North Carolina.......... .............. North Dakota........................... South Carolina...... ................... South Dakota........................... Tennessee............................... Texas.. . ....... ........................ Utah................................... 1.9 I | 1.4 - 2 .5 " I 17.4 .1 (2 ) 38.7 .1 - (2) (2) ~ - 4.0 - - .2 - - - - (2) .5 5.3 .4 1.3 Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) State Employee associations Other unions No union Officially recognized Not recognized NO Officially information recognized Not recognized No information Norkers involved 1.9 ill States....... .................... 6.5 0.9 0.1 74.2 0.3 1.1 Alabama..... ......................... Alaska. ............................ . Arizona........... ..................... Arkansas............... ................ California............................ . - - “ 2.2 1.5 - .1 Colorado............. ................*. Connecticut............. ........ . Delaware...................... . District of Columbia................. Florida........ ......................... _ - _ - .2 2.1 2.8 - ~ _ - - “ Georgia. ................ ............... Hawaii..................... ............ Idaho................................... Illinois......... ..... .............-. Indiana.............. .................. .2 - .3 - “ .1 .1 .1 “ Iowa... ................................ Kansas. .............................. Kentucky....... ....................... Louisiana........... .................. Maine.............. ......... .......... .3 - - .1 .2 - .1 — .2 “ “ ~ .9 14.3 .6 .1 - Mississippi.............. . .8 .1 .2 .1 ~ “ Missouri................. .............. Montana........... *..................-. Nebraska...... ....... ................. Nevada..................... ........... New Hampshire......... ................. .3 “ .4 - .1 “ .1 .1 “ “ - ~ New Jersey.......... ............... New Mexico........ .................... New York............................... North Carolina......................... North Dakota...... .................... 1.1 .2 - - 5.0 1.3 “ - .3 ~ — .3 " Ohio...... ............................. Oklahoaa........... ..................... Oregon......... ........................ Pennsylvania............................ fihode Island................... ....... .8 2.1 (2) “ - 13.9 .5 7.7 2.5 .1 “ .3 .2 ~ South Carolina......................... South Dakota...................... . Tennessee......... ..................... Texas...... ............................ Utah................................... .2 - - * 3.3 “ - .4 4.4 (2) “ (2) Maryland..... .. ....................... Hassachusetts.... ..................... Michigan................................ Vermont............ ................... Virginia............... ................ Washington.-- - . ........................ Nest Virginia....... ................... Wisconsin................... .......... Ny owing........... ..... . (2) (2) (2) .1 * ~ See footnotes at end of table. 47 (2) - (2) 7.6 2.4 (2) - .2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .1 (2) (2) (2) .3 “ - ■ “ “ .3 .2 “ ~ " .2 “ - Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) AFL - CIO All unions and associations State Total Officially recognized Not recognized No Officially information recognized Not recognized No information Days idle during year 1,706.7 1,667.3 16.0 14.6 888.2 8.0 1.2 Alabama................................ Alaska................................. Arizona........ ........................ Arkansas............................... California.......... ................... 10.1 14.7 11.1 2.9 65. 7 3.9 14.6 11.1 2.9 65.5 5.6 - .1 3.9 14.6 .1 2.9 53.8 5.6 - - Colorado ................................ Connecticut........ .................... Delaware............................... District of Columbia................... Florida................................. 3.2 22.0 ; 70.0 14.4 3.4 3.2 22.0 70.0 14.3 3.3 - - 1.4 (2) 14.3 3.3 ~ - 1.4 ■ 32.2 3.3 .7 s | 3. 1 4.4 ! 23.4 i ! *1 - .8 20.5 12.7 1.7 1.1 - - 9.9 6.5 .1 1.2 .1 “ 26.1 28.5 ! - - All States........................... 4.8 Georgia................................ Hawaii..... ............... ............ Idaho................................... Illinois............................... Indiana. ............................... Iowa....... ........................... Kansas................................. Kentucky.. .................... . Louisiana. ............................. Maine.................................. Maryland................................ Massachusetts.... ...................... Michigan............ ................... Minnesota.............................. Mississippi............................ .3 ! 72.0 13.3 I 3. 1 4.6 25.2 ! *5 ( .8 55.2 134.0 13.6 2.9 - 4.5 | - j .3 69.7 i 12.4 ; 3.1 4.4 25.0 i .3 j .8 1 55.2 133.9 13.6 2.9 i Missouri .. ....... ...................... Montana................................ Nebraska.......... .................... Nevada................................. New Hampshire.......................... 12. 9 7.6 .1 1.2 11. 1 7.4 .1 - ! 1.2 New Jersey............................. New Mexico............................. New York...... ......................... North Carolina.................. ....... North Dakota........................... 76.7 39.4 7.7 76.7 39.0 5.8 - Ohio................................... Oklahoma................. ............. Oregon........... ...................... Pennsylvania..... ............ ......... Rhode Island.................. ......... 439.7 .1 3. 1 349.1 7. 1 427.4 .1 3.1 345.3 7.1 South Carolina............ ............ South Dakota........................... Tennessee............................... Texas................ .................. Utah................................... _ 47. 6 .5 Vermont. ........................... . Virginia............................... Nashington.............................. Nest Virginia........................... Wisconsin. ......................... Wyoming................................. 2.9 2.8 108.8 11.7 40.2 - : 45.9 i - ; j 2.9 2.8 108.8 10.3 40.2 - See footnotes at end of tanle. (2) 48 .8 .8 .i j .2 (2) I - ; | j 1.8 •1 - - : 1. 1 .8 .1 -1 - : *1 “ .4 ~ | 11.0 1.3 ~ i - : - _ - - * * (2) [ 316.1 .1 (2) 177.5 ! “ 17.9 - \ 1 - j j - 1.0 - .4 - .9 .2 •1 ~ : - j | .5 2.8 53.3 10.3 40.1 - - - Table 20. Continued—Work stoppages in government by State, affiliation, and recognition, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Other unions Employee associations State No union Officially recognized Not recognized No Officially information recognized Not recognized No information Days idle during year All States........................... 79.3 6.9 0. 1 699.9 1.0 13.2 8.9 Alabama................................. Alaska. ............................ Arizona. ................................ Arkansas..... .......................... California.............. ............... - * ~ _ 11.0 11.7 _ - _ .1 .7 .1 .1 .1 Colorado.......................... Connecticut............................. Delaware...... ......................... District of Columbia................... Florida................................ - _ - _ - 3.2 20.6 70.0 - _ - _ - _ .1 .1 Georgia................................. Hawaii....... .......................... Idaho.................. ................ Illinois............................... Indiana................................ .6 * 4.5 - - .3 37.0 9. 1 .8 .1 .5 - .3 - Iowa........ ........................... Kansas................................. Kentucky......... ...................... Louisiana..... ......................... Maine........................... ....... .9 - - .6 .3 _ - _ .2 .2 Maryland............................... Massachusetts............ ........... Michigan................................ Minnesota.............................. Mississippi.. ................. . 7.3 3.6 1.3 - - 34.7 113.8 8.3 •6 _ .1 - ~ Missouri................................ Montana................................ Nebraska............................. Nevada................................. New Hampshire.......................... .9 - 1.8 - .1 - .3 .9 - _ - - _ - New Jersey.............................. New Mexico............................. New York............................... North Carolina................... North Dakota..... ...................... 3.0 5.8 - ~ - 47.6 10.4 - - .4 - 1.9 2.2 52.9 (2) * _ ~ 109.1 3. 1 114.9 7.1 .1 - 10.8 1.2 - .1 2.5 “ - _ - _ 27.4 - _ * _ - _ .8 .4 - - 2.4 55.4 .1 - - - Ohio.................... .......... . Oklahoma............................... Oregon................................. Pennsylvania........................... Rhode Island...... .................. (2) .6 - South Carolina.... ..................... South Dakota........ ................... Tennessee............................... Texas.................................. Utah................................... Vermont. ............... ................ Virginia............ ................... Washington............................. West Virginia.......................... Wisconsin.............................. Wyoming. ................................. - .5 .1 ( 2) ( 2) 1Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted separately in each State affected; workers involved and days idle were allocated among the States. The situations re ported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau's definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stop page has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. (2) - (2) - - ( 2) .1 1.4 “ 2 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rcunding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 49 Table 21. Work stoppages by region and State, 19781 (Workers and days Idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Region and State Number United States.................... . Mean duration (days) 2/ Workers involved Number Percent of est. nonagricultural working time 3/ 4,230 19.7 1,622.6 36,921.5 0.17 Region I................................. Connecticut......... ................... Maine......... ......................... Massachusetts.......................... New Hampshire......... ................. Rhode Island........................... Vermont......................... ...... 246 55 24 117 15 36 11 23. 4 30.4 41.0 18. 1 27.2 13.9 17.3 52.4 8.4 7.6 25.2 3.1 7.2 .9 929.9 238.5 213.5 330.5 60.5 75.4 11.5 .07 .07 .21 .05 .07 .08 .02 Region II................................ New Jersey............................. New York............................... 534 219 328 21.9 13.0 26.0 162.7 51.2 111.4 2,639.3 555.8 2,083.5 .11 .07 .12 Region III...... ......................... Delaware............................... District cf Columbia................... Maryland............................... Pennsylvania........................... Virginia....... ........................ Nest Virginia.......................... 755 23 26 46 480 69 142 17.5 29. 8 14. 1 16.7 17.4 22.9 10.9 255.3 8.7 6.4 14.1 154.5 35.4 36.1 9, 181.7 139.2 63.6 230.8 4,063.9 1,291.2 3,392.9 .38 .22 .04 .06 .35 .25 2.20 Region IV................................ Alabama................................ Florida................................ Georgia. ........................ ...... Kentucky. .............................. Mississippi............................ North Carolina......................... South Carolina......................... Tennessee.............................. 418 69 50 40 102 29 31 21 91 16.1 16.8 12.4 9.2 18.7 23.1 11.9 8.5 18.4 203.3 21.6 20.2 23.8 63.2 11.6 12.3 10.3 40.3 4,736.9 1,069.0 227.8 202.6 2,092.7 201.8 124.8 69.0 749.3 .14 .32 .03 .04 .68 .10 .02 .02 .17 Region V............. .................... Illinois................................ Indiana................................ Michigan............................... Minnesota........................ ..... Ohio................................... Wisconsin.............................. 1,431 314 211 300 91 441 110 22.9 17.6 23. 1 24.0 30.6 25.6 21.8 496.0 135.7 62.0 93.7 35.0 141.3 28.2 11,395.8 3,037.1 1,497.0 1,756.9 775.0 3,756.6 573.2 .25 .26 .27 .20 .18 .34 .12 Region VI................................ Arkansas............................... Louisiana................... New Mexico............................. Oklahoma............................... Texas.................................. 192 28 38 21 23 91 17.3 15.9 15.0 15. 1 34.1 15.6 100.7 8.6 20.8 9.2 10.2 52.0 1, 478.3 120.8 235.5 223.7 262.0 636.3 .07 .07 .07 .20 .10 .05 Region VII.......................... . Iowa................................... Kansas.................................. Missouri............................... Nebraska............................... 168 47 21 92 14 15.9 14.8 9.2 23.0 5. 9 80.9 12.8 14.5 39.3 14.2 1,065.4 165.8 119.5 700.8 79.3 .09 .06 .05 .14 .05 Region VIII.............................. Colorado........................ ....... Montana................................. North Dakota........................... South Dakota........................... Utah................................... Wyoming................................. 73 37 19 5 3 11 5 6.6 7.4 6.9 6.1 4.4 6.9 5.0 43.8 17.1 7.9 3.2 1.3 5.4 8.8 596.6 185.9 56. 1 17.4 7. 1 204.9 125.3 .09 .07 .08 .03 .01 .16 .26 Region IX................................ Arizona................................ California............................. Hawaii............................ . Nevada................................. 347 31 29 6 18 11 20.6 11.7 23.3 10.7 11.3 159.9 20.2 124.3 12.4 3.0 2,756.6 317.7 2,295.4 99.7 43.7 .10 .14 .10 .11 .05 Region X................................. Alaska................................. Idaho.................................. Oregon.................................. Washington............................. 153 12 15 44 94 23.3 57.0 10.6 22. 2 24.3 67.5 1.5 5.0 19,6 41.4 2, 141.0 58.2 41.3 570.3 1,471.1 .28 .14 .05 .23 .39 ' Stoppages extending across State lines are counted separately in each State affected; workers involved and days idle are allocated among the States. 2 Mean duration is calculated only for stoppages ending in the year, and is weighted by multiplying the duration of each stoppage by the workers involved. 5 Excludes private household workers, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals, 50 Table 22. Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Occupation fiegion and State Total Professional and technical Clerical Salesworkers Production and maintenance Protective Service Combinations Stoppages beginning in year 4,230 203 36 36 3,484 51 148 272 Region I....... ............ Connecticut......... . Maine.... ............... Massachusetts............ Mew Hampshire............. Bhode island.............. Vermont................... 246 55 24 117 15 36 11 18 4 3 6 2 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 196 39 18 93 13 29 5 5 1 1 1 2 - 10 3 7 - 11 5 1 7 1 2 1 fiegion II.................. Hew Jersey..... ......... Mew Xork................. 534 219 328 21 14 8 10 3 7 4 3 2 439 175 271 2 2 19 9 10 39 15 28 fiegion III........ ........ Delaware................. District of Columbia............... Maryland................. Pennsylvania............. Virginia.................. West Virginia............ 755 23 42 2 5 “ 8 2 621 15 2 “ 32 2 45 2 26 46 480 69 142 6 35 ~ 5 ~ 2 2 5 1 3 12 38 381 59 127 2 - 1 1 23 3 2 5 5 29 6 10 fiegion IV......... ........ Alabama.... ............. Florida.................. Georgia................... Kentucky................. Mississippi.... ........ North Carolina........... South Carolina........... Tennessee............. . 41 8 69 50 40 102 29 31 21 91 6 1 2 3 1 3 - 3 3 - 382 63 41 33 94 25 27 20 80 6 1 1 4 7 3 1 3 14 5 4 3 5 3 2 1 1 fiegion V....... ............ Illinois................. Indiana.................. Michigan......... ....... Minnesota................ Ohio. ..................... Wisconsin........... 1,431 314 211 300 91 441 110 96 20 13 47 4 15 4 11 2 1 1 7 - 13 3 4 3 1 5 2 1,134 252 177 198 75 345 97 19 2 3 13 1 37 12 4 8 3 8 2 121 23 10 43 7 48 4 fiegion VI......... ......... Arkansas................. Louisiana................ Hew Mexico.......... . Oklahoma.... ............. Texas........ ............ 192 28 38 21 23 91 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 167 25 28 17 19 78 2 2 " 7 2 1 4 7 3 3 2 3 4 fiegion VII................. Iowa...................... Kansas............. ..... Missouri.................. Nebraska.................. 168 47 21 92 14 1 1 - - 6 2 4 139 38 16 74 11 4 2 2 - 8 4 1 2 1 10 3 2 9 2 fiegion VIII................ Colorado............... . . Montana................... North Dakota.............. South Dakota............. Utah..................... Wyoming............. . 73 37 19 5 3 11 5 4 2 2 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 - 54 27 10 2 2 9 4 5 4 1 1 1 - 6 4 3 2 1 1 1 fiegion IX................ . Arizona................... California............... Hawaii................... Nevada..... . 347 31 296 18 11 13 1 12 1 - 1 1 - 4 4 - 270 24 224 14 8 4 4 - 23 2 20 1 1 32 4 31 2 2 Region X................... Alaska.................... Idaho...... .............. Oregon..... ............. Washington.... ........... 153 12 15 44 94 13 1 1 4 9 “ 2 1 2 109 4 12 35 63 2 1 1 9 3 1 5 18 3 1 4 14 United States............ See footnotes at end of table. 51 Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Occupation fiegion and State Total Professional and technical Salesworkers Clerical Production and maintenance Protective Service Combinations Horkers involved 1,622.6 96.3 2.8 14.0 937.6 10.0 24.7 537.2 fiegion I................... Connecticut............ . Maine.................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire...... . fihode Island.............. Vermont................... United States...... ..... 52.4 8.4 7.6 25.2 3.1 7.2 .9 6.6 2.6 .2 1.9 1.4 .4 .2 .2 - 1.5 .4 .1 .8 .1 .2 (2) 37.8 4.7 7.2 18.1 3.0 4.5 .3 .5 1.4 .1 1.3 - 4.4 .5 (2) 2.8 .1 1.0 (2) fiegion II..-...-........ . Mew Jersey................ New York................. 162.7 51.2 111.4 5.8 2.9 2.8 1.0 .3 .7 4.6 .4 4.2 118.6 42.4 76.2 .4 .4 12. 1 .3 11.8 20.2 4.8 15.4 fiegion III...... ........... Delaware..... ............ District of Columbia................ Maryland................. fennsylvania.............. Virginia................. West Virginia............ 255.3 8.7 12.6 2.8 .1 ~ 1.2 (2) 157. 9 5.6 .9 ~ 2.2 .1 80.3 .1 6.4 14.1 154.5 35.4 36.1 .9 8.8 - .1 * .1 .2 .8 4.4 5.2 93.9 22.3 26.5 .9 - .1 .1 1.8 .1 .1 1.0 8.7 48.2 12.9 9.4 .5 .5 - 120.4 13.7 8.8 10.2 47.1 7.1 5.3 6.4 21.8 4.3 .1 (2) 4.1 .4 .2 .1 .1 69.7 7.9 9.4 12.3 15.6 4.4 6.5 3.9 9.7 2.8 .3 .2 1.6 304.7 84.6 49.8 51.5 14.4 85.5 19.0 2.5 .1 .2 2.3 (2) 3.9 .5 .1 .5 .4 2.4 .1 137.8 41.4 9.4 25.8 14. 1 38.3 8.7 .4 .2 (2) (2) (2) .1 fiegion IV.................. Alabama.................. Florida..... ............. Georgia................... Kentucky................. Mississippi. ............ North Carolina........... South Carolina...... . Tennessee................. 203.3 21.6 20.2 23.8 63.2 11.6 12.3 10.3 40.3 8. 1 (2) 1.8 1.1 .5 _ 4.6 * fiegion V................... Illinois............... Indiana................... Michigan................. Minnesota............. . Ohio........... ........... Wisconsin............... 496.0 135.7 62.0 93.7 35.0 141.3 28.2 43.3 8.6 2.3 14.3 6.0 11.8 .4 .8 .2 - fiegion VI.................. Arkansas. ................ Louisiana.... ............ New Mexico............... Oklahoma. ................. Texas..................... 100.7 8.6 20.8 9.2 10.2 52.0 4.3 3.3 1.0 fiegion VII................. Iowa...................... Kansas................... Missouri.................. Nebraska............... . 80.9 12.8 14.5 39.3 14.2 1.0 1.0 - - Region VIII................. Colorado................. Montana................... North Dakota............. South Dakota............. Utah..................... Wyoming................... 43.8 17.1 7.9 3.2 1.3 5.4 8.8 .3 .1 .2 .1 - .1 .1 * 10.0 2.2 7.7 .1 - .1 .1 - .4 .4 - 64.7 14.4 36.2 11.8 2.2 4.4 .1 (2) .6 3.7 - .2 - 32.2 .6 1.9 10.6 19.0 fiegion IX....... .......... Arizona.... ........... California.. ...... ....... Hawaii.................... Nevada.................... fiegion X..... .............. Alaska.................... Idaho..................... Oregon...... ............. Washington............... 159.9 20.2 124.3 12.4 ! 3.0 67.5 1.5 5.0 19.6 41.4 (2) 12) 12) .6 .5 .1 .4 - .2 - (2) (2) (2) .4 2.5 .1 2.4 (2) (2) - (2) .2 See footnotes at end of table. | .1 52 (2) (2) .3 .1 - 58.8 3.0 10.8 6.5 5.4 33.1 .2 .2 - ' - .2 36.4 5.7 6.2 2.6 4.7 17.2 19.7 5.4 1.6 11.8 .9 .7 .6 .2 - 1.4 .1 (2) 1.2 .1 55.5 7.2 12.3 22.7 13.3 22.9 13.6 .7 .1 (2) 2.8 5.6 .2 .1 - (2) (2) 20.3 3.3 6.9 3.0 1.3 2.5 3.3 .2 .2 - 2.3 (2) 2.0 .2 (2) 82.2 3.5 77.6 .3 .8 .4 30.2 .7 3.1 8.4 18.0 (2) - (2) .1 (2) (2) (2) .1 .3 Table 22. Continued—Work stoppages by region, State, and occupation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Occupation Total Professional and technical fiegion and State Clerical Salesworkers Production and maintenance Protective Service Combinations Days idle during year United States..........-.. 36,921.5 1,574.6 35.3 235.8 29,580.0 58.6 348.3 5,088.9 fiegion I................... Connecticut.............. Maine..... .............. Massachusetts............. New Hampshire.. ........ . fihode Island............... Vermont............... . 929.9 238.5 213.5 330.5 60.5 75.4 11.5 39.7 24.3 .5 10.4 2.0 2.5 2.2 2. 1 .1 * .1 29.2 7.5 1.2 15.3 1.1 3. 1 .9 744.9 197.3 211.7 205.4 59.1 64.0 7.4 2.1 .3 (2) .6 1.1 43.4 1.5 41.9 ~ 68.5 5.6 .1 56.8 .2 5. 1 .7 fiegion II...... ............ New Jersey............... New York................. 2,639.3 555.8 2,083.5 77.3 20.8 56.5 4.8 1.5 3.3 36.5 7.5 29.0 2,249.3 431.1 1,818.2 .8 .8 56.3 6.7 49.6 214.4 88.1 126.2 fiegion III.... ............. Delaware................. District of Columbia............... Maryland............... Pennsylvania............. Virginia.................. Nest Virginia............ 9,181.7 139.2 216.5 70.0 .9 24.2 .8 8,048.4 66.0 19.4 36.4 1.4 835.9 1. 1 63.6 230.8 4,063.9 1,291.2 3,392.9 21.1 125.3 - " .9 - 33.6 188.9 3,611.5 898.6 3,249.9 19.4 ~ .2 1.7 31.2 1.1 .9 7.3 36.1 259.4 391.1 140.9 fiegion IV................... Alabama......... ........ Florida.................. Geor gia................... Kentucky.................. Mississippi.............. North Carolina........... South Carolina........... Tennessee................ 4,736.9 1,069.0 227.8 202.6 2,092.7 201.8 124.8 69.0 749.3 80.3 .1 25.3 12.1 4.0 38.8 - 6.7 6.7 - 4,306.2 1,035.8 154.2 141.7 2,006.4 171.8 88.5 53.5 654.4 16.5 .6 .4 15.5 12. 1 10.8 .7 .6 315.1 33. 1 37.5 48.1 79.6 29.5 31.9 15.5 40.0 fiegion V................... Illinois....... .......... Indiana..... ............. Michigan................. Minnesota................ Ohio..................... Wisconsin................ 11,395.8 3,037.1 1,497.0 1,756.9 775.0 3,756.6 573.2 873.9 86.2 8.8 131.2 360.0 265.9 21.9 16.9 .7 .1 2.7 13.4 100.3 6.1 35.3 44. 9 .9 11.2 1.8 8,676.0 2,597.8 1,311.4 1,177.2 342.7 2,772.1 474.7 5.2 1.0 .9 3.3 .1 52.4 12.5 3.0 11.1 14.2 7. 1 4.6 1,671.1 332.8 137.6 392.3 54.6 683.6 70.2 fiegion VI.............. . Arkansas................. Louisiana................ New Mexico................ Oklahoma.................. Texas.... ............... 1,478.3 120.8 235.5 223.7 262.0 636.3 31.0 23.0 8.0 4.9 .8 4.1 1.6 .2 .5 .8 1,153.0 95.5 185.0 212.8 131.8 528.0 1.1 1.1 - 28.6 1.1 .3 1.1 26.2 258.2 25.3 24.6 10.4 128.6 69.2 fiegion VII.................. Iowa..................... Kansas.................... Missouri.... ............. Nebraska.................. 1,065.4 165.8 1 19.5 700.8 79.3 8.0 8.0 - - 24.0 1.1 23.0 519.3 132.5 63.9 298.8 24.1 3.6 3.1 .5 16.0 1.1 2. 1 10.7 2.0 494.4 31.1 50.4 359.7 53.2 fiegion VIII................ Colorado............ . Montana.................. North Dakota......... . South Dakota....... ...... Utah..... ................ Wyoming.. ................ 596.6 185.9 56.1 17.4 7.1 204.9 125.3 20.6 .3 16.3 4.0 “ 1.2 1.2 - .3 .3 - 487.6 171.2 6.5 1.3 2.0 194.3 112.2 1.5 1.1 .4 * .1 .1 “ 85.4 12.7 32.2 12. 1 5.1 10.1 13.1 fiegion II.................. Arizona.................. California................ Hawaii .................... Nevada...........-- ...... 2,756.6 317.7 2,295.4 99.7 43.7 89. 8 11.0 71.6 7.2 4.4 4.4 ~ 7.6 7.6 - 1,720.4 291.2 1,309.9 90.2 29.0 8.2 8.2 ~ 43.6 1.2 39.7 .7 2. 1 882.5 14.3 854.0 1.6 12.6 fiegion I................... Alaska................... Idaho.... ................ Oregon.................... Washington............... 2,141.0 58.2 41.3 570.3 1,471.1 137.7 4.3 .3 7.4 125.7 - 5.5 .4 5.1 1,674.9 36.3 28.7 482.3 1, 127.6 .3 .1 .2 59.1 1.0 (2) 58. 1 263.4 16.6 12.3 80.2 154.3 - ' Stoppages extending across State lines are counted separately in each State affected; workers involved and days idle are allocated among the States. 2 Fewer than 50. 53 1.4 4.2 16.3 .3 1.2 1 _ - | NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 23. Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Arizona Alabama Industry group Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved All industries 1/......... . 69 21.6 Manufacturing 1 / ... ........... 36 8.2 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products............ . Tobacco manufactures.................... Textile mill products.... . _ 1 2 Apparel, etc. 4/..... ....... .......... Lumber and vocd products, except furniture............................ Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. Stoppages beginning in year Arkansas Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Workers involved Number Workers involved 1,069.0 31 20.2 317.7 28 8.6 120.8 441.4 10 3.0 107.9 17 2.5 76.5 _ .1 1.2 1.4 3/58.2 _ 1 - _ _ .6 - _ 1 - _ .1 - _ 3.8 - 3 .4 2.3 - - - - _ 2.6 1 1 .2 .4 .5 68.0 2 - .5 - 34.5 - 2 - .1 - 1.9 .1 1.2 3/2.5 - - - - - - - * - - .5 .1 .4 .4 12.2 4.0 10.3 15.1 Printing, publishing, and allied industries.. .......................... Chemicals and allied products.... . Petroleum refining and related industries. ................... ....... 1 3 £ubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......... ............... Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries............. . Fabricated metal products 5/...... . 1 1 5 8 Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation equipment................ Instruments, etc. 6/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 4 2 2 1 - (2) “ 1 1 1 2 .5 6.6 - 1.4 .4 .1 2.4 139.9 11.9 - 1 1 - .6 1.6 - - 2.0 2.9’ 13.1 128.5 1.0 (2) (2) Number Days idle during year (all stoppages) .2 .3 1.7 1.5 1 1 3 3 - - 3 .5 22.4 1.6 .4 - 67.2 1.9 ~ 1 2 - .3 .2 - .3 4.0 - (2) (2) .3 .1 Monmanufacturing J/................... 33 13.4 627.6 21 17.2 209.9 11 6. 1 44.3 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Minin g.... ............................. Contract construction. -.............. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade........ . 13 - 3.6 - 575.9 .1 2 9 .9 9.6 12.2 68.2 2 .1 14.5 .9 4 2 7.7 (2) 40.5 .9 4 2 3.1 1.1 13.4 103.8 4 2 5.6 .2 23.4 2.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services.. .............................. Government 1/.......................... 14 2.0 .2 10. 1 _ 2 2 _ .1 2.3 _ 1. 1 11. 1 _ 3 _ .1 _ 2.9 California All industries 1/.................. Colorado Connecticut 296 124.3 2,295.4 37 17.1 185.9 55 8.4 238.5 Manufacturing _1/...................... 153 33.0 1,311.1 9 1.1 15.2 19 3.0 162.8 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products....... ...... Tobacco manufactures........... ........ Textile mill products................... 2 8 - 1.3 1.1 - 81.1 14.2 * _ - _ - _ - _ 4 - _ .4 - _ 8.3 - Apparel, etc. 4/........... ........ . Lumber and mood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures.................. Paper and allied products............... - - .2 - - - - - - 10 13 2.4 1.4 2 .2 - - 7 40.9 40. 1 178.4 - 1 3 .1 .4 4.7 4.4 Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries....... .................... 3 11 .8 38.6 16.6 - - - - - - 2 .2 4.9 - * ~ - - - BuLber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products 5/........... 8 9 14 30 .4 1.3 1.4 3.3 3.7 21.7 35.1 53.2 65.5 4 2 .5 .1 - 1 2 2. 1 3 .1 .1 .5 .5 17.2 - 7 .7 .7 2 .7 63.6 51.3 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies................. ............ Transportation equipment................ Instruments, etc. 6/................ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 10 1.4 34.3 3 .5 5.3 2 .9 4.7 8 18 - 2.3 12.9 - 40.6 642.1 (3) - - * 1 - .1 - 7.9 .1 - Monmanufacturing _1/..... ............. 143 91.3 984.2 28 16.0 170.7 37 5.5 75.7 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining. ......... .................... Contract construction.................. Transpcrtation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.... ......... 10 1 12 1.2 (2) .9 32.5 3.5 9.8 2 9 .4 11.6 76.1 60. 8 6 .5 4.2 24 40 13.6 61.3 207.0 545. 1 8 3 3.3 .3 26.7 2.3 7 12 .9 .4 23.0 9.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services.. ............................. Government 7/-......................... 2 31 23 .8 13.1 107.5 65.7 1 3 2 .3 1.3 3. 2 1 5 6 .4 9.5 4.0 2. 5 7.5 9.7 22.0 _ - _ See footnotes at end of table. 54 (2) .1 .2 . 8 Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages In States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) District of Columbia Industry group Stoppages beginning in year Florida Days idle during Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during[ ycsr (dll stoppages) stoppages) Number All industries _1/ .— .............. 26 Manufacturing 1/...................... 1 Number Workers involved 63.6 50 20.2 .2 13 2.2 Workers involved 6.4 (2) Georgia Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 227.8 40 23.8 202.6 64.7 20 8.3 107.3 .4 .2 - 6.9 .4 - 1 “ _ .2 - _ 4.3 “ Ordnance and accessories......... . Food and kindred products.... ....... Tobacco manufactures......... ........ Textile mill products............. . _ - - _ “ 1 2 - Apparel, etc. 4/.... ................... Lumber and wood products, except furniture........ .................... Furniture and fixtures........ ......... Paper and allied products.............. - - - - - 20.4 2 .2 1.4 “ - - 2 .1 1.8 1 .1 .6 Printing, puflisbing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ - - - 1 .1 — 3.7 - - - - - - - - " - - - fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products......... .................... Leather and leather products....... . Stone, clay, and glass products.... . Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products 5/........... — - - - 2 2 .1 .6 1.7 3. 9 1 3 1 2 .2 .9 .1 .1 .4 20.9 .6 1.5 - - - - - .3 - - - 1 - .2 1 1 1 .3 .6 - 11.5 13.3 .9 4 4 1 " .9 5.5 (2) 8.2 69.2 .2 - 25 6.4 63.4 37 18.1 163. 1 20 15.4 95.3 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.. .. .............................. Contract construction................... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............. 4 1.1 16.3 1 1 11 .4 .6 4. 1 2.0 .6 46. 0 8 1.2 2.7 10.3 9 2 1.1 .1 15.9 3/1.2 11 4 10.3 .3 63.9 9.8 6 3 12.7 .2 65.6 4.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services.. ........................ Government 7/_ _ ......................... 2 5 3 .1 .9 3.2 1.4 14.2 14.4 1 5 3 (2) 2.0 .3 1.9 35.6 3.4 1 2 1.0 .4 8.0 4.8 Machinery, except electrical......... . blectrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies................ ............. Transportation eguipment............... Instruments, etc. 6/....... ..... ...... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Monmanufacturing \ / .................. (2) Illinois (2) Iowa Indiana 314 135.7 3,037.1 211 62.0 1,497.0 47 12. 8 165.8 128 25.4 1,063.5 135 41.0 1, 019.9 27 4.3 121.9 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products.............. locacco manufactures.................... Textile mill products.................. 8 1 .8 .2 6.2 1.7 _ 15 ~ _ 1.9 - _ 45.3 - _ 6 - _ .9 - _ 21.0 - Apparel, etc. 4/........ ....... Lumber and mood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures......... ....... Paper and allied products............... 2 .6 19.3 1 .2 3/4. 1 - 4 3 6 .1 1.3 .9 3.5 87.3 18.3 1 5 2 .1 .9 .1 1.5 80.9 4. 1 1 - 8 1.1 185.0 2 4 .9 .3 3.5 15.8 2 .3 7.3 14.1 All industries 1/................... Manufacturing X / ..... -.... -.... . Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries.. ......................... - (2) .1 - (2) - 2 .2 5.8 1 .3 14. 8 - - - JRubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......... .................. Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products.... ;... Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 5/............ 6 10 14 2^ 1.3 1.3 2.1 4.6 26.0 22.9 78.7 131.4 6 3 13 28 1.2 .4 3.1 4.4 27.2 26.4 84.9 96. 1 1 2 4 3 .2 .1 .6 .4 11.8 .8 5.3 16.0 Machinery, except electrical............ Llectrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation equipment............ Instruments, etc. 6/....... ............ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 16 5.5 246.4 17 8. 1 228.3 5 •.9 27.7 15 7 2 2 3.3 1.6 .2 .4 37.4 178.2 6.3 9.3 21 12 1 3 8.7 8.9 .7 .5 104.5 224.5 34.4 23.5 1 2 - .2 .6 - 7.0 10.8 - Monmanufacturing % / ................... 186 110.3 1,973.6 76 21.0 477. 1 20 8.6 43.9 5 1.0 6.9 7. 4 .1 35.1 1.1 - .9 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.- ................................ Contract construction............... . Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............. 65 19 27.8 23.0 1,048.2 380.4 11 12 4.6 4.0 260.3 21.8 20 30 37.4 9.1 354.5 86.3 14 12 7.7 1.0 133.2 44.5 9 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services........ . ................... Government 7/. .......................... 1 13 38 .3 2.4 10.3 5.5 26.8 72.0 1 3 23 .1 .4 3.2 1.9 2.2 13.3 2 - - - - See footnotes at end of tatle. 55 - - (2) Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) 14. 1 230.8 23 5.4 130.3 2 * .5 - 4.4 - ~ 12.4 ~ .1 3.2 - - - - ” ~ 1 2 .1 1.7 .9 64.8 - 4 .2 6.8 4 1 1.7 (2) 14.9 3/1.0 ■ “ ~ ~ 13.4 55.5 52.6 96.3 2 z .1 1.3 .6 2 2 5 1.2 .4 - 7.3 ~ 2 - .6 - 2 .5 4.9 1 4 4 1 .4 .6 .1 8.3 19.6 1.0 3 .5 3 - Apparel, etc. 4/............... ........ Lumber and mood products, except furniture...... ...................... Furniture and fixtures.... ............. Paper and allied products.............. Putter and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products 5/............ 46 26.7 20.8 13 Ordnance and accessories.............. . Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures........... ........ Textile mill products.................. Printing, publishing, and allied industries...................... . Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries......... ................. 235.5 38 31.2 “ 5 3 5 4 2.0 .8 1.5 1.7 Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved 642.0 63.2 45 Stoppages beginning in year Number 2,092.7 102 All Industries J/................... Days idle during y6sr (dll stoppages) Workers involved Workers involved Manufacturing 1/....... ........... Stoppages beginning in year Number Number 00 Industry group Marylan<1 Louisiana Kentucky (2) “ .2 .2 .5 (3) 2. 1 2. 1 18.0 3 4.6 97.4 1 .1 .7 - - - 4 4 - 194.6 42.5 - 1 _ - 1.7 - ~ 16.3 1.7 - 2 1 1 .2 .1 .2 10.8 9.8 1.6 57 32.0 1,450.7 .25 19.6 208.8 23 8.7 100.5 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.. ......... ...................... Contract construction................ . Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............. 32 2 12. 1 .8 1,239.9 18.5 7 8.4 137.6 8 1.0 31.0 29.7 8 11 15.2 3.0 84.2 103.4 7 3 6.9 .3 40.0 5.9 5 3 7. 0 .1 31.1 1.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services.... ........................... Government 7/............. ......... . _ 1 3 - _ .1 4.6 1 7 (2) 4.0 .2 25. 2 2 4 1 .2 .2 .1 4.* 2.7 .8 Machinery, except electrical....... . Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies. ............................ Transportation equipment.. .......... Instruments, etc. 6/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Nonmanufacturing _1/..... ............ (2) .9 (2) (3) Michigan Massachusetts Minnesota All industries _1/ . ................ 117 25.2 330.5 300 93.7 1,756.9 91 35.0 775.0 Manufacturing 1y.................. . 52 9.6 136.4 140 30.9 888.7 44 9.0 207.2 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............ . Tobacco manufactures................... Textile mill products................... 5 3 1.5 .4 9.9 10.6 12 ~ 6.1 - 44. 7 ~ 4 1 .5 - 23.6 .3 Apparel, etc. 4/..................... Lumber and mood products, except furniture............................. Furniture and fixtures............ . Paper and allied products.............. 1 .1 - - - - Printing, publishing, and allied industries.. ...................... Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries.................. Pubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......... ............... Leather and leather products......... . Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries....... ........ Fabricated metal products 5/........... (2) - - 1 5 .2 .4 1.4 5.4 4 4 9 .6 .6 1.6 17.0 5. 5 75.7 2 2 1 .1 .5 1.6 .3 7.4 37.4 2 .2 6.8 2 8 .2 .9 7.2 32. 6 2 1. 1 (2) 1.5 .1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 .1 .7 8 13 20 1 1 (2) _ ~ 6 1. 1 8.4 .2 1.8 38.3 11.3 2.9 18.4 50.8 85.8 94.2 9 .5 1.2 Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies. .......... -................. Transportation equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instruments, etc. 6 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 9 1.2 41.3 27 5.1 105. 1 9 1.5 40.2 4 .2 .1 .4 8 13 108.6 150.2 78.7 14.3 2 .4 . 6 3 3 2.8 3.6 1.5 .6 . 6 .3 5.3 4.8 18.6 6.6 Monmanufacturing J / . ____ - - .................. ............. 66 160 62.8 868.2 47 26. 1 567.8 - 2 - Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining ................................... .................................................... Contract construction........................... .............. .. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. Finance, insurance, and real estate........... Se r vices.......................................................... .. Government 7/...................................................................... 1 z 9 .1 .2 4.1 2 1 - - (2) _ .3 .2 15.6 194.0 - - - - - 1.7 z.1 - 3 .1 (2) 4 1 1 ( 2) - 1.9 .1 3 0.9 28.0 .3 - 14 2.6 31.0 29 19.5 291.2 18 5.8 106. 1 15 20 1.6 1.9 50. 8 17.7 13 24 14.3 4.2 222. 1 114.9 8 8 17. 5 1.0 411.1 .24.9 2 .8 2.0 6.7 15.2 24. 1 55.2 4 17 74 4.3 20.1 6.7 99.3 134.0 4 6 7 9 See footnotes at end of table. 6 1 56 .3 1 2 .2 (2) .9 .7 9.7 13.6 Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Mississippi Industry group Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved All industries 2/--*--............. 29 11.6 Manufacturing 1/..................... 18 5.6 2 - Ordnance and accessories................ food and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures................... Textile mil 1 products.... ............ Apparel, etc. 4/..... ........ . Lumber and mood products, except furniture............................. furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries. ... ....................... Missouri Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during ys&r (&11 stoppages) Number Workers involved 201.8 92 39.3 141.2 42 7.3 1.4 - 49.0 “ 5 - .7 ~ 1 .1 18.6 - 2 - .3 - 6.8 - 1 3 1.5 .2 _ _ - 2 - 1 (2 ) fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products......... . Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries................ fabricated metal products 5/..... ...... 1 1 - (2 ) Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies. ............................. Transportation eguipment....... ........ instruments, etc. 6/................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. - 2 1 New Jersey Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 700.8 219 51.2 555.8 162.4 111 19.7 333.4 20. 1 - 6 1 5 _ 1.9 (2) 3.0 12.2 .1 16.2 - - 3 .3 1.5 .1 .4 .4 1.2 12.8 19.5 3 4 .2 .4 1.4 6.3 22.4 4. 1 16 2.7 56.3 .6 2 .3 3.9 1.0 1.8 3.5 15.3 6 1 7 4 20 1.1 2.3 19.9 .5 4.0 16.4 31.6 2 .2 (2 ) 1.0 1 (2 ) 1.5 5.9 .1 1 - (2 ) .2 * 2 4 6 5 1.9 35.3 3 .4 5.7 13 1.3 20.0 4 1 - 1.5 .1 - 21.8 1.1 - 3 6 1 1 1.3 .9 .1 .1 29.5 21.4 1.2 2.0 7 4 5 2 4.5 .3 .7 .1 83.6 46.6 10.4 2.3 .4 .3 .4 (2 ) .3 .2 11 6.1 60.6 50 32.1 538.4 108 31.6 E22.4 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining..... ........................... Contract construction............ ...... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade........ . 1 5 .1 1.2 10.3 3.0 1 5 .6 .8 72. 1 6.6 1 13 .1 3.8 1.7 41.5 1 1 3.9 .2 27.1 17.2 13 14 20.0 4.6 357.8 74.7 24 33 12.7 2.6 51.6 32.3 finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services..... ...................... Government 7y.................. _ 3 _ .6 2.9 2 7 8 .1 1.4 4.6 1.4 13.0 12. 9 2 10 25 .4 .9 11.1 7. 1 11.5 76.7 Aonmanufacturing J/......... . North Carolina New York Ohio All industries 1/.................. 328 111.4 2,083.5 31 12.3 124.8 441 141.3 3,756.6 Manufacturing Jy.-.... ............... 167 53.7 1,163.3 17 3.7 56.6 275 72.5 1,861.1 Ordnance and accessories..... .......... food and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures................... Textile mill products.................. 10 8 2.3 1.1 18.1 7.8 1 1 .3 .4 5.6 — 2.9 16 2 2.0 3.0 91.0 147.4 Apparel, etc. h/................. ..... Lumrer and wood products, except furniture............................ furniture and fixtures............ . Paper and allied products............ . 5 .2 9.4 - - - 1 3 8 .1 1.4 1.4 14.7 1 1 .1 .1 1.5 2.3 5 13 .8 1.9 23.5 39.6 7 7 15.6 1.3 654. 8 73.6 3 .3 — 10.0 4 7 2.3 1.1 15.0 39.6 3 .2 2 .0 Printing, publishing, and allied industries... ......................... Chemicals and allied products...... . Petroleum refining and related industries........................... 2 .4 18.3 Eubber and miscellaneous plastics products..... ........................ Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries............... fabricated metal products 5/.. ........ 4 4 16 14 .8 1.0 3.4 .9 23.0 19.1 90.1 28.5 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies............................. Transportation eguipment......... ...... Instruments, etc. 6/.................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 31 13.1 70.9 1 27 6 4 11 9.3 .5 3 1 - 1.4 99.7 8.0 11.1 14.9 Monmanufacturing J/.......... ........ 161 57.7 920.2 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining....... ....................... . contract construction............ ..... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade........ . - - finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services............................... Government 7/...... -........ .8 3.3 19.4 17 28 26 65 3.6 3.5 7.6 14.2 70.8 64.5 177. 1 350.2 .2 4.6 41 11.0 423.5 1.2 - 2. 1 5.0 ~ 19 23 3 2 7. 3 12.0 .9 .5 117.3 235.0 26.4 37.6 14 8.6 68.2 166 68.8 1,895.5 1 .1 - 13 9 7.1 1. 1 813.3 10.6 2 .2 21 32 22.4 2.7 493.9 69.7 4.0 7.7 4 20 67 .8 2. 1 32. 6 9.8 58.4 439.7 1 4 2 .7 36 15.0 18 45 13.1 6.5 105.4 71.6 5 1 7 1.4 16.8 4.1 27.7 95.5 39.4 1 6 37 16 57 (2 ) .9 .2 _ 82. 1 498.5 See footnotes at end of table. “ .8 (2) _ 7.4 (2 ) .5 .6 .7 53.6 Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle In thousands) Industry group All industries J/...... ......... Manufacturing 1/................... . . Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products........... . Tobacco manufactures......... ..... Textile mill products................... Apparel, etc. 4/............ ........... Lumber and vood products, except furniture.............. .............. Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. Printing, publishing, and allied industries.... .................... Chemicals and allied products...... . Petroleum refining and related industries.......... .............. . Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 44 19.6 28 9.7 3 - 1.0 ■ 2 Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in year Number Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved Number Workers involved 570.3 480 154.5 4,063.9 36 7.2 75.4 461.2 222 56.1 1,504.0 15 3.4 48.9 10. 1 - 19 7 1.4 .6 31.8 11.7 ” " ~ - - 7 .7 5.3 - - - 1.7 4.6 37.4 33 6.7 7 9 5 .3 1.3 2.1 7.8 16.4 47.6 1 “ .3 3.8 • - .8 3 9 .5 1.0 3/19.9 21.2 2 .3 .5 .1 1.0 .6 .8 12.2 15.8 - 3 8 Rhode Island Pennsylvania Oregon (2) 1 .1 2.2 1 .3 12.3 * Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products..... ............ Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries.......... . Fabricated metal products 5/...... . 1 2 3 2 .1 .4 .5 .3 .5 3.8 28.0 6.7 5 1 16 22 46 .5 .2 2.9 6.6 9.4 8.0 5.8 66.6 358.1 246.5 1 3 2 Machinery, except electrical............ Electrical machinery, eguipaent, and supplies.............................. Transportation eguipment.....---- ...... Instruments, etc. 6/..... ......... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 1. 1 27 11.0 303.1 3 .2 1.9 2 - 1.0 - 33.9 - 17 10 8 3 3.7 9.3 4.3 .1 101.0 149.9 72.5 18.7 3 - 1. 1 - 13.9 (3) 1 (2) 16 9.9 109.2 258 98.4 2,559.9 21 3.9 26.5 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.. ............................... Contract construction............ . Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade........ . 1 .4 4.5 43 24 25.9 4.5 1,813.7 42.1 3 .5 5.1 6 4 4.5 4.4 39.2 62.0 27 60 10.3 2.8 208.0 71.8 3 5 .1 .2 3.4 2.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................... Government 7y.. - -.. - -.. ............. 1 4 .4 3. 1 4 31 69 .8 5.1 49.0 15.9 59. 1 349. 1 1 4 5 .2 .4 2.5 3.1 5.2 7.1 Monmanufacturing 1/..... ............ (2) .5 Tennessee Texas Virginia 91 40.3 749.3 91 52.0 636.3 69 35. 4 1,291.2 52 17.0 543.5 43 20.0 351.9 36 13.6 193.9 Ordnance and accessories.... ........... Food and kindred products..... . Tobacco manufactures.... ........... Textile mill products.................. 5 3 .8 1.3 4.1 30.3 2 1 .5 - 12.5 .1 4 1 1 .9 .1 9.4 .9 1.2 Apparel, etc. .......... -....... . Lumber and mood products, except furniture.... ........ Furniture ard fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 4 .5 9. 1 2 .7 4.9 1 .4 3.8 2 1 1 .6 .1 1.0 14.0 3.8 33.4 1 1 .1 .1 1.1 29.7 1 2 .1 1.2 7. 1 (3) 36.0 4 .6 4.8 5 .9 11.7 1 2.0 46.0 All industries J/....... ........... Manufacturing J y ....... . Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products...... . Petroleum refining and related industries.... ..................... (2) (2) - " - 3 4. 1 21.5 - - fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products...... ................. Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products 5/.... . 2 3 4 7 .3 .7 4.1 1.1 25.6 5.8 59.6 67.3 3 3 7 1.1 .8 1.6 19.0 2.8 38.3 2 1 2 .8 .2 .5 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.... ......................... Transportation eguipment.............. Instruments, etc. 6/.. _____ ........---Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 9 4.0 244.7 6 .8 21.4 3 .7 6.8 4 2 1 - 1.6 .2 .1 - 34.4 5.6 .9 - 1 8 - .1 9.2 - 6.6 182.2 - 14 3 - 4.2 2.5 - 7.9 39.3 - fionnanufacturing J/.............. . 39 23.3 205.8 48 32.0 284.4 33 21.8 1,097.3 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining........... . Contract construction................... Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade......... . 1 11 .1 2.1 .6 43.5 10.4 13 8.7 133. 1 15 4 7.0 .7 694.0 2.7 5 9 9.9 1.7 60.4 32.5 7 14 17.6 3.6 72.6 32.2 6 5 13.2 .2 393.4 3.9 10.9 47.6 1 10 3 (2) 1.7 .9 45.0 .5 1 1 1 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................... Government J/........................... - 3 10 - 1.5 8.0 See footnotes at end cf table. 58 - - .3 - - - 11.4 .6 23.5 .3 (2) (2) .3 .5 2.8 Table 23. Continued—Work stoppages in States having 25 stoppages or more by industry group, 1978 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry group All industries J/..... . Manufacturing 1/..................... Ordnance and accessories..........-..... Pood and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures................... Textile mill products.....-............ Apparel, etc. 4/....................... Lumber and mood products, except furniture............................ Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products........... . Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Workers involved 94 41.4 39 16.5 - - 6 .9 - - Wisconsin West Virginia Washington Stoppages beginning in year Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved 3,392.9 110 28.2 573.2 139.1 69 13.2 366.3 Workers involved 1,471.1 142 36.1 1,053.3 40 8.1 - - 16.3 - - - 6 11 2.2 11.5 18.6 986. 0 .4 4.0 .1 - 1 1 .2 .1 - - 3 2 .3 Days idle during year (all stoppages) Number Number - Stoppages beginning in year 5.6 3.2 - - 7 2 .7 .5 31.0 2.6 - - - .2 5.9 ,6.7 4 3 4 .9 .2 .7 24.7 2.2 13.7 3 1.2 12.5 3 1 .1 .2 2.8 5.1 2 .2 .7 * _ .6 .3 .8 .2 1.8 14.6 3.3 5. 1 22.7 19.3 1 5 6 11 .8 .1 1.8 .9 6.5 3.4 84.7 16.0 Printing, publishing, and allied industries.... ..................... . Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ - Butber and miscellaneous plastics products.............................. Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries................ Fabricated metal products 5/........... 2 2 4 .2 .3 .2 2.3 5.4 1.4 4 1 5 3 2 .2 5.3 3 .8 19.4 11 2.7 40.0 4 13. 1 1.2 20.0 4 - 3 - - .4 1 . 29.9 84.5 16.8 2.4 102 Machinery, except electrical............ Llectrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation eguipment..... .. ...... .. Instruments, etc. 6/..... ........... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Nonmanufacturing 1 / - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Minin g..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contract construction................. .. ............................. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade.............. Finance, insurance, and real estate..... Services. .............. .................... ................. .. ....................... Government ......................... ....... .. ....................... .. 1 1 1 (2) .5 - 2 - 1 . (2 ) (2 ) 8 55 24.9 417.8 - - - 62 - 17 2.7 5.9 8 11 11.7 8 .6 171.9 129.2 9 13 . 1 9.7 1.2 108.8 1 2 16 .8 (2 ) The number of stoppages reported for a mjaor industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days JtiJe’have been allocated among the respective groups. 2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. 5 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination - 59 _ 6 4 5 1.3 1.7 1 1 1 . 3 . 1 28.0 3,253.8 41 15.1 - - - - - 1 . 16.6 1.4 3,094.4 8.4 131.3 7.0 .6 _ .4 .6 Z06.9 - 15 4. 1 51.2 7 11 8. 9 .5 56.3 29.8 _ 1 6.2 11.7 3 4 . 1 . 1 1.3 1.4 28.0 40.^ 3 .3 that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. 6 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. 7 The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 24. Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) State and metropolitan area Stoppages beginning in year All stoppages............. ..... See footnotes at end of State and metropolitan area 4,230 69 19 7 5 12 9 31 13 9 28 6 6 7 296 16 8 10 114 37 7 19 11 16 27 6 7 10 9 6 37 7 24 55 11 13 16 10 7 5 6 23 20 18 26 37 26 13 7 50 7 14 7 12 40 15 8 18 14 15 314 132 I 116 9 8 10 6 211 12 11 26 18 31 1,622.6 36,921.5 21.6 4.7 3.9 2.5 1.5 .9 20.2 11.0 4.8 8.6 .8 .6 2.5 124.3 16.9 2.2 1.8 59.4 7.0 .6 10.2 1.9 7.0 4.5 .6 .8 1.2 1.3 .8 17. 1 1.5 8.7 8.4 3.2 1.2 1.3 .9 .4 .4 .2 8.7 8.5 8.4 6.4 10.1 6.4 1.3 2.4 20.2 5.6 4.0 1.5 3.8 23.8 12.7 1.6 12.4 11.3 5.0 135.7 1,069.0 242.0 20.3 53.6 58.2 23.3 317.7 163.4 85.6 120.8 11.3 10.3 11.9 2,295.4 90.8 16.7 37.8 1,147.0 424.7 16.9 131.1 86.7 34.6 60.4 29.0 21.2 27. 1 30.6 46.6 185.9 7.3 74.6 238.5 94.4 32.6 63.5 12.5 7.3 5. 1 18.7 139.2 141.4 131.1 63.6 99.5 63.6 25.1 10.8 227.8 41.7 74.4 16.4 52.1 202.6 112.0 18.5 99.7 97.7 41.3 3,037.1 57.0 50.5 1.8 9.4 897.6 685.2 68.0 86.4 102.3 5.2 1,497.0 27.5 22.6 127.2 212.3 81.8 3 .3 .6 62.0 3.6 3 .3 12.6 6 .6 3.8 Stoppages beginning in year Number Workers involved Number Alabama............ ............... Birmingham........... .......... Huntsville...... ............... Mobile.... -.......-..... . Alaska.................. ......... Anchorage....................... Arizona............................ Phoenix......................... Tucson ........................... Arkansas. .......................... Fort Smith, AR-OK............... Arkansas portion............... little Rock-North Little Bock.... California........................ Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove... Bakersfield..................... Fresno.................... los Angeles-long Beach.......... Oakland-East Bay................ Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura...... Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario. Sacramento.. .......... San Diego....................... San Francisco................... San Jose......................... San Mateo county................ Santa Cruz...................... Stockton........................ Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa.......... Colorado.................. -...... Colorado Springs................ Denver-Boulder. ......... Connecticut........................ Bridgeport....................... Hartford........................ Mew Haven-West Haven............. Mew london-Morwich, CT-RI....... Connecticut portion........... Morwalk.... ......-............. Waterbury...... - ............... Delaware.......................... Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ............ Delaware portion.............. District of Columbia...... . Washington, DC-MD-VA............ District of Columbia portion... Maryland portion.............. Virginia portion.............. Florida- - ................-........ Jacksonville.................... Miami............................ Orlando.......................... Tampa-St. Petersburg............ Georgia............ . Atlanta......................... Savannah....... ........ Hawaii .................... Honolulu............... ........ Idaho.............................. Illinois. ......................... Chicago Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area.... Chicago 2 / ..... -.............. Decatur....................... Peoria.......................... Eockford........................ Springfield..... ............... Indiana............................ Evansville, IM-KY............... Indiana portion..... ........ Fort Wayne.......... ........... Gary-Hammond-Iast Chicago 2/ .... Indianapolis..................... Days idle during year (all stoppages) Muncie.......................... South Bend...................... Terre Haute...... ........... Iowa.............................. Cedar Rapids.................... Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA-IL......................... Illinois portion.. ............ Des Moines.......... ...... . Dubuque.............. ........... Sioux City, IA-NE............... Iowa portion.................. Waterloo-Cedar Falls............ Kansas............................. Wichita......................... Kentucky.... ...................... Lexington-Fayette............... Louisville, KY-IN............... Kentucky portion.............. Paducah......................... Louisiana....................... Baton Rouge..................... Lake Charles........ ............ New Orleans..................... Maine............................. Maryland.......................... Baltimore........ ............... Massachusetts.................... . Boston....................... Fall River, MA-RI............... Massachusetts portion......... Lawrence-Haverhill, MA-NH....... Massachusetts portion......... Mew Bedford..................... Pittsfield...................... Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke, MA-CT......................... Massachusetts portion...... . Worcester.... ............... . Michigan.......................... Ann Arbor........ ............... Detroit......................... Flint........................... Grand Rapids.................... Jackson......................... Ralamazoo-Portage............... Lansing-East Lansing............ Muskegon-Muskegon Heights....... Saginaw......................... Minnesota......................... Duluth-Superior, MM-WI.......... Minnesota portion............. Wisconsin portion............. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI..... Minnesota portion............. Mississippi........................ Biloxi-Gulfport..................... Jackson...... .......... ............. Missouri....................... Kansas City, MO-KS ................. Missouri portion................. Kansas portion.................... St. Louis, MO — IL...... ............. Missouri portion................. Illinois portion............. . Montana.................................. Great Falls.......................... Nebraska........... ............. . Oma h a f N R— T A ___- _____ _ - . _______ ___. « _ Nebraska portion....... ...... Nevada....... ........ ....................... Las Vegas....................... Np I v Hsmpshi r p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. New Jersey............. ........... Atlantic City................... table. 60 Days idle during year (all stoppages) Workers involved 13 14 11 47 6 1.6 2. 1 1.7 12.8 1.1 41.1 62. 8 44. 5 165.8 35.9 18 15 11 5 5 5 5 21 8 102 5 25 24 5 38 7 5 15 24 46 25 117 50 8 6 9 9 7 12 6. 1 6.0 1.2 .2 .7 .7 .5 14.5 1.5 63.2 1.0 28.0 27.7 .6 20.8 1.2 8. 4 6.5 7.6 14.1 8.0 25.2 16.5 1.7 1.2 .7 .7 .7 1. 1 75.2 74.0 22.0 1.1 3.7 3.7 4.5 119.5 15.5 2,092.7 21.6 375. 1 344. 5 10.6 235.5 10.9 133.6 54.3 213.5 230.8 84.3 330. 5 131.5 45.9 41.7 12. 1 12. 1 9.8 26. 7 15 15 11 300 7 120 16 34 14 16 17 10 12 91 1.1 1.1 1.9 93.7 2.0 39.8 3.9 10.7 1.8 1.7 2.6 5.3 3.9 35.0 5.5 3. 5 2. 0 22.3 13.2 13.2 41. 6 1,756.9 19.3 619.5 58.5 301. 3 47.8 27.0 24. 1 205.0 59.5 775.0 79.5 43.9 35.7 608. 1 607.4 201.8 1.9 26. 7 700.8 343.2 322.4 20. 8 595.7 153. 9 441.8 56. 1 3. 7 79.3 45. 6 41.5 43.7 5.4 60. 5 555. 8 22 16 7 55 54 29 6 5 92 33 29 5 54 41 15 19 6 14 12 11 11 5 15 219 8 2 2 .2 11.6 .9 1.3 39.3 16.6 13. 3 3 .3 27.9 14. 1 13.8 7. 9 .5 14.2 6. 8 6.0 3.0 .7 3. 1 51.2 1.3 6 .6 Table 24. Continued—Work stoppages by State and metropolitan area, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) State and metropolitan area Stoppages beginning in year Number Days idle during year (all stoppages) 29.2 42.7 149.4 67 13 1.0 19.2 728 34 8 7 49 6 46 116 111.4 15.3 .7 .6 8.9 .5 4.5 64.6 2, 083.5 41.9 4.5 3.8 176.7 14.4 66. 6 1,306.6 318 6 12 7 21 19 31 6 113.2 .2 1.8 .4 5.5 2.0 12.3 1.7 1,743.0 3.0 34.9 10.0 186. 1 19.4 124.8 13. 1 8 5 5 5 441 25 26 46 42 72 42 31 8 12 13 11 7 12 5 7 28 22 7 22 23 15 44 30 25 7 480 1.3 1.2 3.2 1.0 141.3 3.5 8. 1 11.5 9.2 24.8 11.0 9.8 1.9 2.7 2.6 2. 1 1.1 1.7 .8 .9 14.8 14.0 .8 6.4 10.2 7.0 19.6 14.8 11.0 3.8 154.5 30.0 23.5 17.4 14.8 3,756.6 103.9 151.1 149.1 132.0 575.9 190.1 182.8 11.5 37.9 124.3 21.8 36.6 52.4 40.8 11.6 262.3 239.3 23.0 141.1 262.0 200.6 570.3 598.4 253.2 345.3 4,063.9 20 18 8 14 14 2.7 2.6 .5 3.6 69.0 68.7 6.6 63.1 58.9 •---............. New York-Northeastern New Jersey Syra nisp_______________ _____ ___ fjAcfr ha czj- a |~ rnn n-fy ii / _ T_ _____ Knrtk Carnlira_____________ ____... rhar 1nt +e— Gaston ia_______ ....___ Greensboro-Winston-SalemHi <jh Pni nt_____ _______________ Wilmington__________ ____ _______ ________ PaYgn-MrifiTyioarlj KT\*MK . ___ ... fibrin fa nt on__________________________ Pi nrinn^tj f)H—Ky-JN , ________ flhSrv pnft inn . ... __________ r 1p v p 1q nrl. _____________________ m l umhus________________________ Dayton..... ..................... 8^ mi 1ton— M iilillp+OBn_____________ J.nT*^ ip— y -iti t t - it ____ _. Mancf i .. ..... . ...... rirjfol ^ ... ___... •l+piihpiivil 1p-Hpirtnn ( OH — HV_____ nh in pnr + ir»n _ ___ ______ __ lipqt Virginia portion_________ Tnledn, OH-MT__________ ________ flhi n pnf + -jnr _ _____________ Ml r)ri /j^n pnrti nn _ _ ___ ___ Yonngstown—Harren________________ Ok 1a ho ma_____________________ _____ Orpgon____________________________ Portland, CR-WA________ _____ _ Orpgon portion________ ________ Washington portion ___________ Po nnsylvania_____________ _________ Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ_____________ ____________ Pennsylvania portion__________ A1toona___ _____________________ Harri Rhnrq _____________________ 2 .2 Johnstown........................ lancaster........................ Northeast Pennsylvania 5/ ...... Philadelphia, PA-NJ............. Pennsylvania portion.......... New Jersey portion..........__ Pittsburgh...................... Eeadin g.......................... York. ............................ Rhode Island...................... Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket. RI-M A.... ..................... Rhode Island portion........... South Carolina......... .......... Charleston....................... Columbia..................... Tennessee......................... Chattanooga, TN-GA..... ......... Tennessee portion.............. Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA........ Knoxville................. . Memphis, TN-MS-AR.... ........... Tennessee portion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nashville-Davi dsnn..........____ Texas.................... ......... Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange...... Dallas-Fort Worth............... El Paso......................... Galveston-Texas City............. Houston.......................... San Antoni o.................__ _ Texarkana, TX-AR................ Texas portion.................. Tyler.......... ................. Utah.............................. Salt Lake City-Ogden............. Vermont....... ................ Virginia.... ........... Norfolk-Virginia BeachPortsmouth, VA-NC............. Virginia portion.........__ ... Richmond......................... Roanok e.......... ............... Washington ........___ .....________ Richland-Kennewick............... Seattie-Everett..............___ Spokane.................... Tacoma........................... West Virginia............. ........ Charleston ___________.....____ _ Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH.... West Virginia portion......... Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH..... West Virginia portion.......... Wheeling, WV-OH......__ ...______ West Virginia portion.._______ Wisconsin.......................... Appleton-Oshkosh................. Green Bay....................... Kenosha. ................... . Madison.................. . Milwaukee.................. . Racine.................... . Wyoming............................ 1 Includes data for each metropolitan area in which 5 stoppages or more began in 1978. Some metropolitan areas include counties in more than 1 State, and, hence, an area may equal or exceed the total for the State in which the major city is located. Stoppages in the logging and mining industries are excluded. Stoppages occurring in more than one metropolitan area are counted separately in each area affected; the workers involved and days idle are allocated to the respective areas. 2 Included in the Chicago, III— Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area. Stoppages beginning in year Number Workers involved New Brunsvick-Perth Albany-Schenectady-Troy......... State and metropolitan area ! I Workers [involved Days idle during yG3.IT (32.3. stoppages) 9 10 30 113 88 27 133 14 9 36 .6 1. 1 5. 1 59.4 53.7 5.7 28.7 3. 2 3.5 7.2 14.3 6.7 91.1 521.3 408.0 113.3 713.0 53.2 93.5 75.4 34 32 21 8 7 91 6 6 6 21 29 28 8 91 13 18 5 9 28 7 7 5 6 11 6 11 69 6.3 6. 2 10.3 1.5 2. 3 40.3 2. 6 2.4 1.2 8.8 15.5 15.3 3.4 52.0 12.5 14.0 .4 1.0 5.6 1.0 3.2 2.7 3.6 5.4 2.3 .g 35.4 70.1 65. 7 69.0 9. 8 31.4 749.3 44. 9 44.3 42. 5 105. 6 146.2 144.4 •25.5 636. 3 138.5 189.4 7.9 25. 9 67. 8 29. 6 64.6 55.2 14. 8 204.9 27. 1 11.5 1,291.2 9 9 5 8 94 15 33 9 13 142 16 16 12 8 5 15 12 110 10 8 6 10 35 6 3.7 3.7 2.4 4. 1 41.4 2.6 14.5 2.4 4.6 36.1 1.7 6.4 3.0 2.5 1.6 3.5 3.1 28.2 1.2 1.3 .9 .7 10.6 1.4 90. 1 90. 1 11.9 200. 4 1,471. 1 6.0 387. 4 21.1 1Oz. 2 3,392. 9 25. 3 96.0 43.8 36.7 27. 3 36.6 25.8 573. 2 24.9 14. 9 59.7 40.4 175.3 14.9 125. 3 5 8 .8 3 Included in the New York— Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 4 Included in the New York City SMSA and New York— Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 5 Includes Scranton and Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton. NOTE:Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 61 Table 25. Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Industry group Total 4-6 days 2-3 days 1 day 15-29 days 7-14 days 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days and over Stoppages ending in year 2/4,250 383 366 446 792 858 706 308 391 2/2,134 84 134 184 363 489 434 189 257 Ordnance and accessories.... . Food and kindred products............. Tobacco manufactures........ ......... Textile mill products......... ....... 2 164 2 41 10 2 7 1 1 10 5 30 1 12 1 50 4 26 8 19 4 1 12 5 Apparel, etc. 3/...................... lumber and mcod products, except furniture.... ...................... Furniture and fixtures................ taper and allied products............. 48 4 3 5 10 8 6 2 10 66 59 88 2 “ 2 6 6 4 6 6 12 6 15 19 21 19 14 12 19 7 4 10 6 4 13 37 114 4 3 9 6 9 5 15 4 20 6 32 4 14 9 11 2 2 2 4 5 4 2 1 1 8 11 8 1 9 15 27 5 1 12 17 21 13 3 22 28 61 21 42 48 74 25 2 20 31 91 7 12 24 27 8 2 15 36 47 286 10 13 24 50 66 63 24 36 192 152 31 35 24 6 1 12 6 2 1 33 16 2 35 31 6 6 37 31 11 9 30 30 7 7 10 10 2 5 11 22 3 4 All industries.................... Manufacturing............... Printing, publishing, and allied industries.......................... Chemicals and allied products......... Petroleum refining and related industries.. .............. ......... fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products. ........................... Leather and leather products.......... Stone, clay, and glass products....... Primary metal industries.............. Fabricated metal products 4/.... ..... Machinery, except electrical.......... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies............................ Transportation eguipment.... ...... . Instruments, etc. 5/................ . Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 21 88 9 133 207 359 2/2, 117 299 232 262 430 369 272 119 134 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... Mining...... .......................... Contract construction................. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services. Wholesale and retail trade............ 14 274 383 138 25 1 59 50 2 33 60 6 15 105 2 12 73 2 8 43 1 3 14 6 13 258 451 14 15 17 15 23 37 52 73 53 110 43 92 24 53 32 56 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services.............................. Government 6/.... .................... 21 235 483 1 10 96 14 76 1 23 83 8 54 119 3 55 61 4 43 37 2 16 6 2 20 5 Monmanufacturing........... . Workers involved 2/1,779.8 96.5 105.2 238.5 275.7 198.2 176.9 415.0 273.8 Manufacturing........... ............ 2/567.9 17.7 38.8 68.3 85. 1 114.9 101.8 65.7 75.5 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures............. . Textile mill products................. 1.6 31.9 .2 13.8 1.9 .4 _ 4.3 1.4 4.0 9.7 .1 2.0 .4 7.6 1.5 3.9 2.5 1.3 2.9 1.3 1.8 .6 Apparel, etc. 3/...................... Lumber and mcod products, except furniture........................... Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 6.8 .5 .2 .6 2.2 1.3 .4 .5 1. 1 12.1 8.9 24.4 .2 “ .3 .7 1. 1 2.2 .6 1.3 .6 .5 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 1.2 9.7 1.9 .8 2.4 .7 1.8 4.2 23. 9 19.7 .7 2.1 1.7 8.0 1.3 .5 .9 .4 1.6 .9 6.3 10.9 5.6 1.0 1. 6 .3 4. 1 .2 .4 .4 .9 .1 3.1 .1 1.0 4.4 5.7 1.0 .2 1.7 3.0 2.3 1.5 .4 2.6 10.2 9.4 3.8 6.9 10.6 14.9 5.9 .1 4. 0 8.4 13.1 .8 1.1 3.9 3.3 .7 .5 1.9 11.9 9.0 All industries.......... ....... . Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................... Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries....... ................... (7) .1 6.3 fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products............................. Leather and leather products....... . Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries.............. Fabricated metal products 4/....... . 16.9 1.3 19.6 54. 1 58.9 Machinery, except electrical.......... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies............... ............. Transportation eguipment.............. Instruments, etc. 5/............ ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 87.5 3.3 4.9 11.1 16.9 14.6 18.5 6.8 11.4 77.0 88.0 9.8 5.1 6.8 .4 .1 3.2 4.6 .8 .1 15.7 9.3 .5 7.7 14.5 1.7 .7 12.8 26.2 1.6 .8 11.2 7.2 4.2 1.1 16.7 3.9 1. 1 1.0 2.9 21.9 .4 .8 2/1,211.9 .1 .4 1.6 1.2 78.8 66.4 170.1 190.6 83.3 75. 1 349.3 198.3 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... Mining. ......... ...................... Contract construction................. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services. Wholesale and retail trade............ 1.7 283.1 169.0 27.4 5.0 (7) 19.4 17.4 .1 16.2 25. 1 .7 44.4 53.2 .2 3.4 28.3 .4 1.0 26.2 .2 .8 11.0 170.6 2.8 394.3 121.8 20.7 2.5 11.7 .8 6.0 67.0 3.6 11.2 4.7 14.8 6.8 13.2 326.8 5.4 14. 1 7.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services...... ........................ Government 6/......................... 7.5 37.7 196.8 .1 .7 22.5 1.3 15.8 .4 14. 1 41.4 .2 6.5 70.8 5.2 5.1 21.7 .6 4.9 21.9 .1 2.7 2.3 .9 2. 4 .5 Monmanufacturing.................... See footnotes at end of table. 62 Table 25. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and duration, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) I ndustry group Total 1 day 2-3 4-6 7-14 15-29 days day s da y s days 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days and over Days idle 2/39,751.9 96.5 219.0 840.7 1,811.7 2,892.0 5,027.0 6,386.2 22,478.8 2/15,541.9 17.7 81.1 227.0 607.0 1,639.5 2,928.5 2,686.0 7,355.1 O r d n a n c e a nd a c c e s s o r i e s ...... ........... F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ................ T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ....... . T e x t i l e n i l l p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 86.5 509.8 1.0 341.3 - _ _ _ _ 1.9 8.9 4.8 119.1 64.9 - .1 - - - - - .4 .2 14.4 62.6 .9 14.2 6.9 113.1 25.6 76.7 146.5 63.2 A p p a r e l , etc. j / . .................... . l u aber and wood products, e xcept f u r n i t u r e . ................................ F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s . . . . . ......... P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ............... 167.6 .5 .4 2.4 15.1 19.3 10.2 22.7 97. 0 248.5 293.2 885.4 .2 .9 1.5 8.8 2. 1 4.0 3.9 4.2 18.7 54.8 40.9 47.1 79.4 29.6 303. 1 55.8 36.2 106.9 44.8 178.8 403.5 775.3 746.2 — .7 3.9 3.2 30.6 5.0 3.7 6.7 5.3 26.0 29.1 175.0 636.0 306.6 66.7 222.9 94.0 “ .8 20.4 1.6 6.3 11.5 42.8 10.7 350.4 53.3 458.2 1,932.2 1,722.9 .1 .4 4.7 3.6 8.3 4.1 16.8 84.2 62.4 56.5 103.5 133.4 221.7 163.8 4.5 103.4 244.1 361.5 37.6 5.7 10.4 7.9 53.2 191.7 172. 1 75.6 43.6 172.7 1,257.0 884.8 A l l i n d u s t r i e s . . . . ...... ............. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ..................... . Printing, publishing, and allied i n d u s t r i e s ........... ........ ........... Chenicals and allied products.......... P e t r o l e u a r e f i n i n g an d r e l a t e d in d u s t r i e s ........................... Butter and niscellaneous plastics products............................. L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s . ...... . S t o n e , c l ay, a nd g l a s s p r o d u c t s . . . ..... P r i m a r y n e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . ..... .......... F a b r i c a t e d n e t a l p r o d u c t s 4/.......... . M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ...... . I l e c t r i c a l n a c h i n e r y , e g u i p n e n t , and s u p p l i e s . . . ....... ................ . Transportation eguipnent............... I n s t r u m e n t s , etc. 5 / ....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. M o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ..................... . Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries... M i n i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . ................ . Transportation, communication. e l e c t r i c , gas, a n d s a n i t a r y services. Bholesale and retail trade............. F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a te.... S e r v i c e s . . . ..................... ........ . G o v e r n m e n t £ / . . ........... ................ - 2 .2 .2 - - 79.6 134.5 1.6 1.2 2.4 9.8 11.4 2,310.5 3.3 11.7 29.5 126.3 223.3 519.0 354.7 1,042.7 1,159.7 2,936.3 262.8 206.9 6.8 7.1 10.3 1.2 46.6 28.4 .1 1.5 60.3 91.4 14.8 6.4 193.2 327.2 23.2 12.3 321.1 209.0 138.2 30.1 155.8 202.2 51.2 49.2 368.6 2,067.3 34. 1 107.2 2/24,210.1 78.8 138.0 613.7 1,204.7 1,252.5 2,098.5 3,700.2 15,123.7 35.4 12,939.3 2,262.6 - .1 27.4 5.0 38.8 37.7 .5 49. 6 89.9 4.4 184.4 382.4 2.9 48. 1 384.3 14.9 32.8 744.3 12.6 36.6 437.3 12,521.5 181.8 4,257.2 2,036.5 20.7 2.5 21.5 1.6 19.8 257.7 28.2 80.5 70.9 221.1 217.2 371.9 2,691.3 271.4 1,187.6 829.7 .1 .7 _ 1.6 54.1 140.5 1;7 45.4 477.7 98.9 70.5 355.8 13.3 121.5 582.6 2.6 143.3 105. 1 59. 0 299.8 44.3 177. 1 737.8 1,764.2 .4 .1 2.5 35.8 22.5 - - goods; watches and clocks. • The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppage. This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in violation of any law or public policy. r Fewer than 50. 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2,4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stop pages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 2 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment 5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical .8 _ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 63 Table 26. Work stoppages by major issue and duration, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Major issue Total 1 day 4-6 days 2-3 days 7-14 days 15-29 days 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days and over Stoppages ending in year All issues............... ........... General wage changes................... Supplementary benefits................. Wage adjustments........................ Hours of work.............. ........ . Other contractual matters.............. Onion organization and security......... Job security........................... Plant administration....... ......... Other working conditions.......... . Interunion cr intraunion matters........ Not reported...... ................. 4,250 383 366 446 792 858 706 308 391 2,755 66 129 16 216 272 130 497 58 99 12 90 6 21 28 19 23 158 15 22 1 142 7 25 2 16 23 17 93 8 32 1 244 6 17 1 21 26 11 87 9 22 2 562 12 28 2 44 39 24 56 11 12 2 676 17 8 3 32 43 17 50 4 7 1 554 11 17 3 30 47 15 22 2 3 2 232 3 4 2 16 23 11 13 3 1 255 4 9 3 29 52 12 18 6 1 2 Workers involved All issues........................... General wage changes.................... Supplementary benefits................. Wage adjustments....................... Hours of work.......................... Other contractual matters.............. Union organization and security........ Job security.............. ............. Plant administration.................... Other working conditions............... Interunion or intraunion matters....... Not reported........................... 1,779.8 96.5 105.2 238.5 275.7 198.2 176.9 415.0 273.8 838.8 19.9 38.4 4.2 42.0 38.5 392. 1 340.7 32.0 32.6 .7 19.7 3.3 5.2 6.0 1.8 5.4 44. 1 7.4 3.6 (2) 27.5 4.2 8.1 .1 2.1 3.2 6.1 39.9 1.3 12.6 .1 148.6 .7 5.7 .7 4.8 11.4 8.2 47.2 2. 1 8.9 .1 212.3 2.3 8.8 .1 9.7 2.7 17.6 15.7 3.4 3.0 .1 148.5 4.6 1.9 .5 7.2 9.7 6.6 15.7 .5 2.9 (2) 150.2 3.6 6.1 .7 4.8 3.7 3.1 3.4 .2 .9 .1 49.7 ,9 .7 1.1 1.7 1.3 341.4 2.8 15.4 82.2 .4 1.8 1.0 5.8 4.6 3.8 171.8 1.7 .6 .2 - (2) Days idle All issues............................ 39,751.9 96.5 219.0 840.7 1,811.7 2,892.0 5,027.0 6,386.2 22,478.8 General wage changes................... Supplementary benefits................. Mage adjustments....................... Hours of work.......................... Other contractual matters.............. Union organization and security........ Job security........... ............... Plant administration........ .......... Other working conditions............... Interunion cr intraunion matters........ Not reported........................... 18,721.2 329.9 462.2 221.4 1,170.0 832.4 4,144.7 13,439.7 258.5 152.1 19.9 19.7 3.3 5.2 6.0 1.8 5.4 44. 1 7.4 3.6 (2) 59.7 8.8 16.6 .2 4.4 7.0 13.5 81.4 2.5 24.8 .1 554.3 2.6 14.4 2.2 14.4 36.6 34.8 144.5 7.8 28.4 .5 1,427.4 19.0 46.8 .6 47.1 18.4 123.5 94.4 22.6 11.4 .5 2,257.3 74.8 29.5 9.3 94.8 113.8 95.3 179.5 8.6 28.5 .6 4,309.9 126.6 136.6 21.3 125.7 94.1 89.5 92.7 5.2 23.0 2.4 2,385.3 43.3 32.2 60.0 79.6 70.2 3,478.1 140.5 96.7 7,707.7 51.6 180.8 127.9 798.0 490.3 304.5 12,662.6 107.7 32.4 15.3 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 64 - .4 2 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding,iHHWrindividual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 27. Work stoppages by contract status and duration, 19781 (W orkers and days idle in thousands)_______ __________________________________________________________________________ Stoppages ending in year Contract status and duration Stoppages Workers involved Number Percent Number Percent Days idle Number Percent All stoppages.............. 4,250 100.0 1,779.8 100.0 39,751.9 100.0 1 day........................ 2 to 3 days.................. 4 to 6 days.............. . 7 to 14 days................. 15 to 29 days................ 30 to 59 days................ 60 to 89 days................ 90 days and over........ . 383 366 446 792 858 706 308 391 9.0 8.6 10.5 18.6 20.2 16.6 7.2 9.2 96.5 105.2 238.5 275.7 198.2 176.9 415.0 273.8 5.4 5.9 13.4 15.5 11.1 9.9 23.3 15.4 96.5 219.0 840.7 1,811.7 2,892.0 5,027.0 6,386.2 22,478.8 .2 .6 2.1 4.6 7.3 12.6 16.1 56.5 Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition........ 1 day. .................. 2 to 3 days.......... ..... 4 to 6 days................ 7 to 14 days...... ........ 15 to 29 days.............. 30 to 59 days....... . 60 to 89 days.............. 90 days and over........... 444 12 19 37 69 90 92 46 79 10.4 .3 .4 .9 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.1 1.9 40.1 .5 1.8 4.9 6.1 6.7 7.8 3.4 9.0 2.3 (2) .1 .3 .3 .4 .4 .2 .5 1,383.5 .5 3.8 16.2 40.8 97.3 225.8 183.4 815.7 3.5 (2) (2) (2) .1 .2 .6 .5 2.1 Benegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening).... 1 day...................... 2 to 3 days............. . 4 to 6 days....... . 7 to 14 days...... ......... 15 to 29 days...... . 30 to 59 days.............. 60 to 89 days.............. 90 days and over........... 2,824 105 150 246 579 683 560 238 263 66.4 2.5 3.5 5.8 13.6 16.1 13.2 5.6 6.2 1,399.9 23.9 29.7 165.2 220.8 166.0 153.5 383.3 257.5 78.7 1.3 1.7 9.3 12.4 9.3 8. 6 21.5 14.5 35,256.5 23.9 66.1 610.7 1,462.0 2,532.2 4,420.5 5,382.5 20,758.7 88.7 .1 .2 1.5 3.7 6.4 11.1 13.5 52.2 During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreements not involved).... 1 day........... ........... 2 to 3 days................ 4 to 6 days........ . 7 to 14 days............ . 15 to 29 days......... . 30 to 59 days..... ......... 60 to 89 days..... . 90 days and over........... 653 225 162 121 85 29 19 15.4 5.3 3.8 2.8 2.0 276.1 64.2 67.3 52.0 41.5 12.5 10.6 27.3 .8 15.5 3.6 3.8 2.9 2.3 1,844.7 64.2 139.1 164.8 265.6 99.6 247.9 773.7 89.7 4.6 .2 .4 .4 No contract or other contract status.................. . 1 day................. . 2 to 3 days......... ....... 4 to 6 days................ 7 to 14 days................ 15 to 29 days............ . 30 to 59 days.............. 60 to 89 days......... . 90 days and over........ . 151 34 26 27 20 18 9 7 10 3.6 .8 .6 37.9 6.8 4.2 9.1 3.4 9.1 3.7 2. 1 .4 .2 1.0 .1 435.2 6.8 6.8 28.0 19.9 107.2 94.1 26.0 146.4 No information on contract status.................. 1 day...................... 2 to 3 days................ 4 to 6 days................ 7 to 14 days........ ....... 15 to 29 days...... . 30 to 59 days............... 60 to 89 days.............. 90 days and over........... 178 7 9 15 39 38 26 11 33 4.2 .2 .2 .4 .9 .9 25.8 1.2 2.2 7.3 3.9 3.9 1.3 .5 5.5 1.4 .1 .1 .4 .2 . :• .1 (2) .3 832.1 1.2 3.3 21.0 23.4 55.6 38.7 2O'.6 668.3 6 6 .7 .4 .1 .1 .6 .5 .4 .2 .2 .6 .3 .8 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. .6 .7 .6 1.5 (2 ) .2 .5 .2 .5 .2 (2 ) .7 .3 .6 1.9 .2 1.1 (2 ) (2 ) .1 (2 ) .3 .2 .1 .4 2.1 (2) (2) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1.7 1 Less than 0.05 percent, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 65 Table 28. Work stoppages by contract status and mediation, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages Contract status and media t i o n agency All stoppages................. . Workers involved Number Percent Number Percent Days idle Number Percent 4,250 100.0 1,779.8 100.0 39,751.9 100.0 Government mediation 2/................. Federal mediation..................... State mediation.......... ............ Federal and State mediation combined... Other mediation....................... Private mediation.............. ........ No mediation reported...... ............ No information.......................... 2,335 1,778 320 131 106 119 1,535 261 54.9 41.8 7.5 3.1 2.5 2.8 36.1 6.1 1,239.8 1,042.7 102.6 57.3 37.3 38.7 446. 1 55.2 69.7 58.6 5.8 3.2 2.1 2.2 25.1 3.1 31,991.4 29,004.8 1,298.5 1,282.9 405.3 863.3 5,093.7 1,803.5 80.5 73.0 3.3 3.2 1.0 2.2 12.8 4.5 Negotiation of first agreement.......... Government mediation 2/............... Federal mediation................... State mediation..................... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation...................... No mediation reported................. No information....... ................. 444 221 163 32 11 15 18 177 28 10.4 5.2 3.8 .8 .3 .4 .4 4.2 .7 40.1 21.2 16.1 1.8 1.4 1.9 .8 15.6 2.5 2.3 1.2 .9 .1 .1 .1 (3) .9 .1 1,383.5 812.4 734.7 18.5 27.0 32.2 15.7 425.4 130.1 3.5 2.0 1.8 (3) .1 .1 (3) 1.1 .3 Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)...... ................... Government mediation 2/............... Federal mediation................... State mediation..................... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation..................... Nc mediation reported..... ........... No information............. .......... 2,824 1,954 1,512 262 116 64 63 686 121 66.4 46.0 35.6 6.2 2.7 1.5 1.5 16.1 2.8 1,399.9 1,137.8 963.7 94.3 55.6 24.2 24.8 205.8 31.5 78.7 63.9 54. 1 5.3 3. 1 1.4 1.4 11.6 1.8 35,256.5 29,574.4 26,923.8 1,116.8 1,240.8 293.0 805.3 3,801.6 1,075.2 88.7 74.4 67.7 2.8 3. 1 .7 2.0 9.6 2.7 Curing term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved).... . Government mediation 2/............... Federal mediation........... ....... State mediation...................... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation..................... No mediation reported.................. Nc information........................ 653 77 43 18 2 14 28 532 16 15.4 1.8 1.0 .4 (3) .3 .7 12.5 .4 276.1 60.4 44.8 5.4 .2 10.1 10.3 197.5 7.9 15.5 3.4 2.5 .3 (3) .6 .6 11. 1 .4 1,844.7 1,105.0 997.4 33.5 1.3 72.8 29.4 639.4 70. 9 4.6 2.8 2.5 .1 (3) .2 .1 1.6 .2 No contract or other contract status.... Government mediation 2/............... Federal mediation................... State mediation..................... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation..................... No mediation reported........ . No information........................ 151 29 15 2 1 11 10 104 8 3.6 .7 .4 (3) (3) .3 .2 2.4 .2 37.9 11.1 10.0 .3 (3) .8 2.7 22.8 1.2 2.1 .6 .6 (3) (3) (3) .2 1.3 .1 435.2 159.1 147.8 6.3 .4 4.6 12.9 134.2 129.0 1.1 .4 .4 (3) (3) (3) (3) .3 .3 No information on contract status....... Government mediation 2/............... Federal mediation................... State mediation..................... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation..................... No mediation reported...... .......... No information........................ 178 54 45 6 1 2 36 88 4.2 1.3 1.1 .1 (3) (3) 25.8 9.3 8.2 .9 .1 .2 4.5 12.0 1.4 .5 .5 .1 (3) (3) 832.1 340.5 201.0 123.4 13.3 2.7 _ 93.2 398.4 2. 1 .9 .5 .3 (3) (3) ' Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 2 Includes stoppages involving workers in which private mediation was also employed. .8 2.1 .3 .7 . *2 1.0 3 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros, 66 Table 29. Work stoppages by contract status and type of settlement, 19781 (W orkers and days idle in thousands)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stoppages ending in year Contract status and type of settlement Stoppages All stoppages.................................. Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues...... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike..... . ................................ Strike broken................. ................. Work resumed under court injunction............ . Employer out of business........................ Ho information................................... negotiation of first agreement or union recognition................................... Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike...................................... Strike broken................................. Kork resumed under court injunction........... Employer out of business............... ...... Ho information....... ......................... fienegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening) .................................... Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues.... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike.... .................................. Strike broken........................... ..... Work resumed under court injunction........... Employer out of business...................... Ho information................................ During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved).... .................. Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues.... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike...................................... Strike broken............... ............... Work resumed under court injunction........... Employer out of business............... ...... Ho information................................. Ho contract or other contract status............ Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues.... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike................... ............... Strike broken................................. Work resumed under court injunction........... Employer out of business.... ........... . Ho information................................ Ho information on contract status............... Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Ho formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike......... ............................ Strike broken.................. ............ Hork resumed under court injunction........... Employer out of business...................... Ho information............... ................ Norkers involved Percent Number Humber Percent Days idle Number Percent 4, 250 100.0 1,779.8 100.0 39,751.9 100.0 3,551 83.6 1,314.3 73.8 34,918.6 87.8 187 170 41 38 263 4.4 4.0 1.0 .9 6.2 63.8 30.4 337.5 4.7 29.2 3.6 1.7 19.0 .3 1.6 137.2 423.1 2,546.5 286.6 1,439.8 .3 1.1 6.4 .7 3.6 444 10.4 40. 1 2.3 1,383.5 3.5 378 8.9 35.7 2.0 1,207.7 3.0 _ _ _ 41 2 6 17 1.0 (2) .1 .4 2.7 .1 .2 1.4 .2 (2) (2) .1 56.0 2.6 11.3 105.9 2,824 66.4 1,399.9 78.7 35,256.5 88.7 2,626 61.8 1,048.1 58.9 31,724.3 79.8 2 50 9 24 113 (2) 1.2 .2 .6 2.7 7.1 6.0 323.8 3.6 11.2 .4 .3 18.2 .2 .6 15.4 255.9 2,482.1 239.9 538.8 (2) .6 6.2 .6 1.4 « _ _ .1 (2) (2) .3 653 15.4 276.1 15.5 1,844.7 4.6 384 9.0 184.0 10.3 1,556.3 3.9 184 51 26 2 6 4.3 1.2 .6 (2) .1 56.6 20.0 12.4 .5 2.7 3.2 1. 1 .7 (2) .1 121.6 83.0 56.9 10.0 16.9 .3 .2 .1 (2) (2) 1.1 151 3.6 37.9 2.1 435.2 124 2.9 35.1 2.0 299.3 .8 1 15 3 2 6 (2) .4 .1 (2) .1 .1 1.1 .7 (2) .8 (2) .1 (2) (2) (2) .2 8.5 4.4 1.1 121.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) .3 178 4.2 25.8 1.4 832.1 2.1 39 .9 11.4 .6 130.9 .3 _ _ .3 (2) .1 2.8 13 1 4 121 _ .5 .4 .3 13.2 _ (2) (2) (2) .7 _ 19.7 .4 24.3 656.7 _ (2) (2) .1 1.7 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1,2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer 2 Fewer than 50. to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 67 Table 30. Work stoppages by major issue and type of settlement, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Formal settlement reached Total Major issue No formal settlement reached Short Procedure protest or All issues for sympathy resolved handling strike unresolved issues Strike broken Work resumed under court injunction Employer out of business No information Stoppages ending in year All issues........................... General wage changes.......... . Supplementary benefits................. Wage adjustments.................. . Hours of work.............. ............ Other contractual matters.............. Union organization and security........ Job security........ ................... Plant administration................... Other working conditions......... ..... Interunion cr intraunion matters........ Hot reported...................... . 4,250 3,184 367 187 170 41 38 263 2,755 66 129 16 216 272 130 4 97 58 99 12 2,362 54 86 13 109 144 94 256 32 25 9 190 4 14 1 8 46 13 49 6 36 ~ 13 50 1 7 10 45 8 37 2 8 2 6 1 3 2 4 6 12 4 3 - 17 2 1 2 5 7 2 2 - 130 4 5 82 24 1 10 5 1 1 - 2 6 133 7 26 - Workers involved All issues......... ........... General wage changes................... Supplementary benefits...... .......... Wage adjustments............. .......... Hours of work.......................... Other contractual matters.... ........ Union organization and security........ Job security........................... Plant administration................... Other working conditions............... Interunion or intraunion matters....... hot reported..... ....... 1,779.8 1,185.9 128.4 838. 8 19.9 38. 4 4.2 42.0 38.5 392. 1 340.7 32. 0 32.6 .7 741.9 19.2 20.8 4. 1 27.2 19.9 54.2 261.9 27.7 8.5 .5 74.1 .3 3.9 .1 6.2 8.1 7.0 20.4 1.4 7.1 ~ 63.8 - 10.2 2.7 1.1 36.6 1.0 12.2 * 30.4 337.5 4.7 29.2 3.9 .1 1.9 .6 3.4 2.0 15.8 .2 2.5 (2) 2.8 .1 .3 .1 .1 326.5 4.7 .6 2.3 - 1.7 .1 .5 .1 .7 .3 1.2 .2 14.5 .2 .8 7.3 4.0 .2 1.3 .9 (2) .1 423. 1 2,546.5 286.6 1,439.8 106. 8 1.7 3.5 6.1 102.7 15. 4 127. 1 2.5 57.2 .1 53.2 .1 1.5 72.6 .9 31.3 7.7 48.7 21.8 92.0 483.7 2.6 91.3 657.5 111.2 .2 43.7 48.0 .1 1.6 - Days idle All issues............................ General wage changes............. ...... Supplementary benefits. ................. Wage adjustments........................ Hours of work............... ....... Other contractual matters.............. Union organization and security........ Job security.............. . Plant administration............... . Other working conditions............ . Interunion or intraunion matters........ Hot reported...... ..................... 32,551.6 2,367.0 16,087.9 18,721.2 322.1 329.9 j 287.3 462.2 221.4 213.6 419.0 1,170.0 832.4 435.6 4,144.7 1,468.5 13,439.7 13,089.2 258.5 179.6 152. 1 30.6 19.9 18.2 1,917.1 2.7 14.6 .1 38.0 151.4 106.9 96.0 14.5 25.8 39,751.9 ■ Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 68 137.2 - 32.7 - 6.7 2.0 63.6 1.0 31.3 ~ - .8 3.1 2,459.6 19.9 1.1 7.2 - 11.7 - “ 2 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 31. Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Formal settlement reached Mo formal settlement reached Work Industry group Total Short Procedure protest or All issues for resolved handling sympathy strike unresolved issues Strike broken under court injunction Employer out of business Mo infor~ nation Stoppages ending in year All industries...... ............... 2/4,250 3,184 367 187 170 41 38 263 Manufacturing..... ................... 2/2,134 1,756 116 4 72 8 24 154 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products...... ........ Tobacco manufactures............. . Textile mill products.................. 2 164 2 41 1 130 2 33 1 9 1 _ " 8 2 ~ _ 5 - _ 12 5 Apparel, etc. 3/....................... lumber and wood products, except furniture.... .................... Furniture and fixtures......... ....... Paper and allied products.............. 48 32 2 - 4 1 3 6 66 59 88 50 47 73 4 8 3 1 - 2 1 1 1 - 1 3 8 2 8 37 114 28 101 3 3 1 4 1 — - - 2 8 21 15 2 - 1 “ - 3 88 9 133 207 359 68 4 112 170 306 8 1 4 12 16 - 2 4 5 9 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 7 3 12 16 23 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.......................... Transportation eguipment.......... . Instruments, etc. 5/................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 286 236 14 2 14 - 2 18 192 152 31 35 166 128 28 26 6 12 3 4 “ 11 2 1 1 - 1 - 8 9 4 Printing, publishing, and allied industries........... ................ Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related 'industries.. ......................... fiubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................ . Leather and leather products....... . Stone, clay, and glass products......... Primary metal industries....... ........ Fabricated metal products 4/........... Monmanufacturing...... ............... 2/2,117 1,429 251 183 98 33 14 109 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining................................. Contract construction............. . Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............ . 14 274 383 8 64 290 3 19 49 173 4 1 10 25 6 14 1 - 2 1 1 258 451 193 347 16 26 1 1 13 20 3 2 4 7 28 48 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................... Government £/........................... 21 235 483 16 162 351 1 36 101 4 2 10 17 2 2 4 _ 2 _ 23 6 Workers involved 2/1,779.8 1,185.9 128.4 63.8 30.4 337.5 4.7 29.2 2/567.9 479.5 36.2 6.4 18.7 2.6 4.0 20.3 Ordnance and accessories............... Food and kindred products.... ........ Tobacco manufactures............ Textile mill products.......... ....... 1.6 31.9 .2 13.8 .4 27.0 .2 13.5 1.3 1.5 (7) _ - 1.3 .1 _ - _ .8 - 1.2 .2 Apparel, etc. 3/.................... . lumber and wood products, except furniture.......... .................. Furniture and fixtures...... ........... Paper and allied products.............. 6.8 5.8 .1 - .1 .1 .2 .6 12.1 8.9 24.4 9.4 7.4 21. 1 1.0 .9 1.4 1.2 - .1 .1 - .4 .6 .5 23.9 19.7 21.9 18.5 1.0 All industries............... . Manufacturing............ . Printing, publishing, and allied industries............... Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries............................ .7 (7) - (7) (7 ) .9 (7) (7) 1.3 — - - - .1 .4 6.3 1.8 .1 - 4.0 - - .4 Eubber and miscellaneous plastics products. ............................. leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries.... ........... Fabricated metal products 4/....... . 16.9 1.3 19.6 54.1 58.9 11.5 .4 17.9 45.5 52.9 1.8 .3 .4 4.1 2.3 - .1 .4 1.3 .5 1.1 .4 .8 .1 .4 .1 .6 .3 1.9 .2 .8 1.9 2.9 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies............................. Transportation eguipment.. ........... Instruments, etc. 5/................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 87.5 72.6 2.8 5.2 4.7 - .1 2.1 77.0 88.0 9.8 5.1 66.5 72.4 9.0 3.9 3. 1 11.9 .8 .6 - 4.4 .9 .1 - .2 2.9 2.6 2/1,211.9 706.4 92.1 57.3 1.7 283.1 169.0 1. 1 220.4 148.6 .3 9.7 9.5 48.5 2.3 394.3 121.8 60.9 112.5 5.8 5.4 Monmanufacturing..................... Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining...... ........................... Contract construction.................. Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services... ...... ..................... Government 6/...... .................... See footnotes at end of table. 7.5 37.7 196.8 7.3 19.7 135.8 ( 7) 14.8 46.7 - - - - .5 334.9 .7 8.9 1.7 5.0 -T .1 2.5 (7) 4. 1 11.6 (7 ) 2.6 3.6 1.6 .5 (7 ) .6 2.7 321.8 .1 .3 .1 ( 7) - (7) .3 1.5 .2 3.0 .2 _ .4 .1 5.7 - 2.2 1.8 Table 31. Continued—Work stoppages by industry group and type of settlement. 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Formal settlement reached No formal settlement reached Work resumed under court injunction Industry group Total Short Procedure All issues protest or for resolved handling sympathy strike unresolved issues Strike broken Employer out of business No infor mation Days idle All industries........... ......... 2/39,751.9 32,551.6 2,367.0 137.2 423.1 2,546.5 286.6 1,439.8 Manufacturing........................ 2/15,541.9 12,930.2 998.0 17.0 303.9 47.2 233.9 1,011.8 Ordnance and accessories................ Food and kindred products............ . Tobacco manufactures................ . Textile mill products.................. 86.5 509.8 1.0 341.3 6.9 400.8 1.0 334.3 79.6 28.4 1.0 _ - Apparel, etc. 3/...... ................. Lumber and mood products, except furniture........................... Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products.............. 167.6 135.6 1.9 248.5 293.2 885.4 223.4 188.8 697.1 11.3 28.6 45.2 Printing, publishing, and allied industries.............. ............. Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries........................... 775.3 746.2 707.6 703.3 9.3 26.3 94.0 59.4 2.2 Eubber and miscellaneous plastics products....................... Leather and leather products........... Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries........ ....... Fabricated metal products 4/....... . 350.4 53.3 458.2 1,932.2 1,722.9 254.0 5.5 412.0 1,378.0 1,495.7 39.2 3.3 3.7 308.2 76.0 - 2,310.5 2,074.0 72.5 12.2 1,159.7 2,936.3 262.8 206.9 1,026.9 2,472.4 233.3 120.2 62.0 99.7 29.4 70.5 " Nonmanufacturing...................... 2/24,210. 1 19,621.4 1,369.0 120.2 35.4 12,939.3 2,262.6 19.2 12,790.1 2,169.9 12.9 33.0 44.2 91. 1 4.3 4,257.2 2,036.5 1,512.4 1,273.4 212.1 522.7 6. 1 .6 Machinery, except electrical........... Electrical machinery, eguipment, and supplies.............................. Transportation eguipment............... Instruments, etc. 5/................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.... Mining.................................. Contract construction............. . Transportation, communication. electric, gas, and sanitary services.. Wholesale and retail trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.... Services............................. . Government 6/........... ............... 177.1 737.8 1,764.2 173. 2 300.9 1,382.4 ' Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 2 The number of stoppages reported for a major industry group or division may not equal the sum of its components because individual stoppages occurring in 2 or more groups have been counted in each. Workers involved and days idle have been allocated among the respective groups. 3 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 70 1.9 248.9 293.4 _ _ _ 13.5 2.0 - 38.9 - _ 28.2 3.9 - 2.9 2.5 8.8 15.9 4.8 - 2.0 .1 .6 .4 - 1.5 107.9 6.6 74.2 34.6 50.7 2.3 - - • * 7.8 14.2 20.0 - - 12.4 9.8 12.2 66.9 31.5 2.3 31.8 2.4 7.5 9.9 7.6 33.9 16.4 35.2 12.7 22.8 142.8 95.9 31.3 - 7.7 112.8 34.1 24.0 .1 .2 - 1.4 - 36.5 339.0 16.2 119.2 2,499.4 52.8 428.0 .1 7.5 23.0 _ 10.3 21.3 _ 1.4 3.2 5.9 (7) 24.0 20.3 2,428.4 .3 32.9 15.9 41.4 203.2 - - - (7) _ - 18. 1 1.4 20.1 22.9 .6 4.0 34.5 - _ 2.6 - _ 161.4 13.0 5 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. • The situations reported here have, for statistical purposes, been deemed to fall within the Bureau’s definition of a work stoppa- This decision does not constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken plac . m violation of any law or public policy. 7 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. Table 32. Work stoppages by contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues, 19781 (Workers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages ending in year Contract status and procedure for handling unsettled issues Stoppages Number Days idle Number Percent Percent Percent All stoppages 2/.... ................. Arbitration. ......................... Direct negotiations.................... Referral to a government agency........ Mediation.............................. Fact finding..................... ..... Other procedures....................... Combinations of the above procedures.... 235 54 63 50 42 8 14 4 100.0 23.0 26.8 21.3 17.9 3.4 6.0 1.7 417.3 31.1 17.0 331.2 23.9 5.0 3.1 6.0 100.0 7.5 4. 1 79.4 5.7 1.2 .7 1.4 3,053.0 162.2 123.3 2,499.6 182.6 23.6 14.5 47.2 100.0 5.3 4.0 81.9 6.0 .8 .5 1.5 Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition........................... Arbitration........................... Direct negotiations.................. Referral to a government agency...... Mediation. ........................... Fact finding.......... ............... Other procedures...................... Combinations of the above procedures.. 31 4 9 9 8 1 _ 13.2 1.7 3.8 3.8 3.4 .4 2.6 .7 .9 .2 .7 (3) “ .6 .2 .2 .1 .2 (3) ~ 70.9 29.5 23.7 7.7 9.0 1.0 2.3 1.0 .8 .3 .3 (3) Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)...... ................. Arbitration........................... Direct negotiations.......... ........ Referral to a government agency...... Mediation............................. Fact finding...... ................... Other procedures............. ....... Combinations of the above procedures.. 101 20 32 6 29 8 3 3 43.0 8.5 13.6 2.6 12.3 3.4 1.3 1.3 376.8 14.7 5.3 327.3 22.7 5.0 .5 1.2 90.3 3.5 1.3 78.4 5.5 1.2 .1 .3 2,814.4 74.4 44.1 2,480.5 166.7 23.6 5.7 19.4 92.2 2.4 1.4 81.2 5.5 .8 .2 .6 During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved).......... Arbitration.......................... Direct negotiations.................. Referral to a government agency...... Mediation.... ........................ Fact finding...... ...... ........... Other procedures...................... Combinations of the above procedures.. 81 27 13 30 1 9 1 34.5 11.5 5.5 12.8 .4 3.8 .4 35.2 14.5 9.8 3.5 .1 2.5 4.8 8.4 3.5 2.3 .8 (3) .6 1.1 150.2 53.5 50.8 10.0 .4 7.8 27.8 4.9 1 ;8 1.7 .3 (3) .3 .9 No contract or other contract status.... Arbitration.......................... Direct negotiations.................. Referral to a government agency...... Mediation............................. Fact finding......................... Other procedures.......... .......... Combinations of the above procedures.. 19 2 7 5 4 1 8.1 .9 3.0 2.1 1.7 .4 2. 1 .7 .8 .2 .3 (3) ” .5 .2 .2 (3) .1 (3) 14.9 4.3 2.6 1.5 6.4 .1 ~ .5 .1 .1 .1 .2 (3) “ No information on contract status...... Arbitration...... .................... Direct negotiations.................. Referral to a government agency...... Mediation............................ Fact finding................... ..... Other procedures..................... Combinations of the above procedures.. 3 1 2 ” 1.3 .4 .9 - .6 .4 .2 ~ .2 .1 (3) “ 2.6 .4 2.1 - .1 (3) .1 - ~ ~ 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 2 Excludes stoppages on which there was no information on unsettled issues or no agreement on a procedure for handling these issues. 3 ~ ~ Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros. 71 CORRECTION Data on work stoppages by contract status and media tion (table 28) and by type of settlement (table 29) were in correct as published in Bulletin 2032, Analysis o f Work Stoppages, 1977. The corrected tables follow. Table 28. Work stoppages by contract status and mediation, 19771 ________ 1 (Workers and days Idle In thousands) Stoppages ending in year Workers involved Stoppages Days idle Contract status and mediation agency Dumber Percent 5,535 Private mediation...... ................ ho mediation reported................. . ho information........................... 2,605 2,077 315 112 101 118 2,566 296 hegctiation of first agreement.... ..... Government mediation 2/........ . Federal mediation........... . State mediation...................... Federal and State mediation combined. ether mediation..................... Private mediation..................... he mediation reported.................. ho inrormatiou........................ Dumber Percent Dumber Percent 100.0 1,860.0 100.0 31,909.6 100.0 97.1 37.5 5.7 2.0 1.8 2.1 96.9 9.9 869.0 689.2 112.0 96.0 21.9 15.7 913.7 61.6 96.7 37. 1 6.0 2.5 1.2 .8 99.1 3.3 22,176.3 18,82 7.7 2,052.9 1,103.8 192.3 191.0 7,680.8 1,856.5 69.5 59.0 6.9 3.5 .6 .6 29.1 5.8 951 226 181 27 5 13 23 189 13 8.1 9.1 3.3 .5 .1 .2 .9 3.9 .2 59.3 31.9 20.9 9.3 .6 1.6 1.1 20.6 .6 2.9 1.7 1. 1 .5 (3) .1 .1 1.1 (3) 1,117.7 715.5 617.7 67.2 29.5 6.0 19.0 396.2 92.0 3.5 2.2 1.9 .2 .1 Renegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)........... ....... ..... Government mediation '£ / .... . Federal mediation.................... state mediation.... . Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation.............. . Private mediation................ . ho mediation reported................. ho information........................ 3,296 2,193 1,771 250 109 68 66 880 157 59.5 39.6 32.0 9.5 1.9 1.2 1.2 15.9 2.8 1,099.6 799.7 637.8 96.7 99.8 15.9 10.0 296.0 99.0 59. 1 92.7 39.3 5.2 2.9 .8 .5 13.2 2.6 26,693.6 20,969.5 17,808.8 1,910.3 1,078.5 172.0 159.6 3,998.9 1,516.2 83.5 65.7 55.8 6.0 3.9 .5 .5 12.5 9.8 During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved)......... Government mediation 2/................ Federal mediation.... .............. State mediation............... ..... Federal and State mediation combined. Other mediation..................... Private mediation................... . he mediation reported.................. he information........................ 1 ,963 61 90 9 1 11 23 1,372 7 26.9 1.1 .7 .2 (3) .2 .9 29.8 .1 660.8 26.1 21.5 1.5 .5 2.6 9.5 628.2 2.0 35.5 1.9 1.2 .1 (3) .1 .2 33.8 .1 3,399.7 189.1 169.1 19.0 .5 10.6 16.3 3,183.2 11.1 10.7 .6 .5 (3) (3) ho contract or other contract status..... Government mediation 2/........... . Federal mediation................... state mediation......... ........... Federal and state mediation combined. otner mediation........... .......... Private mediation...................... ho mediation reported.................. he information........... 126 31 15 7 9 6 88 1 2.3 .6 .3 .1 .2 .1 1.6 (3) 29.2 7.5 2.6 2.6 r.2 .2 16.9 .1 1.3 .9 .1 .1 .1 (3) .9 (3) 200.5 98.9 87.8 6.8 3.7 1.1 91.6 9.9 (3) (3) .3 (3) ho information on contract status.... . Government mediation 2/....... -.... . Federal mediation...... ......... state mediation..................... Federal and state mediation combined. Other mediation....... ............. Private mediation...................... Nc mediation reported.................. ho information........... 199 99 70 22 2 37 66 3.6 1.7 1.3 .9 (3) .7 1.2 i1.1 8.8 6.9 1.9 (3) 2.5 9.8 1. 1 .5 .9 .1 (3) .1 .5 593.0 203.8 199.9 59.2 .3 61.9 277.8 1.7 .6 .5 .2 (3) .2 .9 ill stoppages............... -........ Government mediation 2/................. Federal mediation.......... .......... State mediation......... ............. Federal and State mediation combined... 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. 1 Includes stoppages involving workers in which private mediation was also employed. * (3 ) (3 ) 1.1 .1 (3 ) .1 10.0 (3) .6 .3 .3 (3 ) Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (-) denote zeros, 72 Table 29. Work stoppages by contract status and type of settlement!, 19771 (W orkers and days idle in thousands) Stoppages ending in year Stoppages Days idle Horkers involved Contract status and settlement Humber All stoppages............ . Formal settleaent reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues....... ho foraal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike......................................... Strike broken...................... . Work resumed under court injunction.............. Employer out of business......................... Mo information.................................. Negotiation of first agreement or union recognition...... ....................... Formal settleaent reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Mo formal settleaent, short protest or sympathy strike.. ....................... Strike broken.................................. Nork resumed under court injunction......... . Employer out of business....................... Mo information.. ............................ Benegotiation of agreement (expiration or reopening)..................... Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Mo formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike....... ........... ...... . Strike broken.................................. Work resumed under court injunction............ Employer out of business.... .................. Mo information.............. During term of agreement (negotiation of new agreement not involved)........................ Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues.... Mo formal settleaent, short protest or sympathy strike........................ . Strike broken... ............................... Nork resumed under court injunction............ Employer out of business....................... Mo information................................. Percent Number Percent Humber Percent 5,535 1 0 0 .0 1,860.0 1 0 0 .0 31,904.6 1 0 0 .0 4, 180 75.5 1,393.4 74.9 26,922.7 84.4 803 143 54 29 326 14.5 240. 1 140.5 30.9 17.6 37.5 12.9 7.6 1.7 .9 2 .0 743.6 2,032.6 105.1 443.2 1,657.4 2.3 6.4 .3 1.4 5.2 1,117.7 3.5 2 .6 1 .0 .5 5.9 451 8 .1 54.3 2.9 380 6.9 47.9 2 .6 1 (2) .7 .2 38 .1 6 3 23 .1 .4 3.2 .3 .1 2.7 856.7 .2 (2) .1 117.4 2.9 3.7 136.9 .2 (2) (2) 2.7 (2) .4 (2) (2) .4 3,296 59.5 1,099.6 59.1 26,643.6 83.5 3,041 54.9 1,048.5 56.4 24,685.4 77.4 4 73 7 17 154 .1 1.3 .1 -3 1.9 12.3 .1 .7 1 .8 .1 2 .8 17.2 17.9 1 .0 4.9 458.3 15.4 424.0 1,055.7 (2) 1.4 (2) 1.3 3.3 1,463 26.4 660.8 35.5 3,399.7 10.7 610 1 1 .0 269.8 14.5 1,143.8 3.6 793 19 38 14.3 .3 .7 (2) (2) 237.9 123.8 28.7 1 2 .8 6.7 1.5 (2) (2) 737.9 1,426.7 85.2 .3 5.9 2.3 4.5 .3 (2) (2) 1 2 .1 .6 .9 Mo contract or other contract status....... . Formal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Mo foraal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike........ ......................... Strike broken.... ............................. Nork resumed under court injunction............ Employer out of business...................... Mo information................................. 126 2.3 24.2 1.3 200.5 .6 111 2 .0 23.2 1 .2 186.2 .6 .1 -1 .7 Mo information on contract status................ Foraal settlement reached, all issues resolved, procedure for handling unresolved issues..... Mo formal settlement, short protest or sympathy strike...................................... Strike broken.................................. Nork resumed under court injunction............ Employer out of business................-....-. Mo information................................. 199 3.6 38 .7 5 4 2 2 2 _ .1 .1 .1 2 1 .1 4.1 _ 9 _ .5 .2 1 6 (2) .1 2 .6 145 1 Totals in this table differ from those in tables 1, 2, 4, and 6-24 because these data refer to stoppages that ended during the year and may include idleness from strikes which began in a previous year. .2 (2) (2) (2) 73 (2) .3 16.2 .6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 5.5 1 .6 4.3 2.3 1 .1 543.0 .2 50.6 _ (2) (2) (2) .9 _ 24.8 (2) 1 1 .0 456.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1.7 .2 _ .1 (2) (2) 1.4 1 Fewer than 50. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes (•) denote zeros. Appendix. Scope, Definitions, and Methods ployment and idleness as a percent of total working time, the following employment figures have been used: From 1927 to 1950, all employed workers were in cluded in the base, except those in occupations and pro fessions in which little, if any, union organization ex isted or in which stoppages rarely, if ever, occurred. In most industries, all wage and salary workers were included in total employment except those in exec utive, managerial, or high supervisory positions, or those per forming professional work the nature of which made union organization or group action unlikely. This meas ure of employment also excluded all self-employed per sons; domestic workers; workers on farms employing fewer than six persons; all Federal and State govern ment employees; and officials, both elected and appoint ed, in local government. From 1951 to 1966, the Bureau’s estimates of total employment in nonagricultural -establishments, exclu sive of government, were used as a base. Days of idle ness computed on the basis of nonagricultural employ ment (exclusive of government) usually differed by less than one-tenth of a percentage point from that obtained by the former method, while the percentage of work ers idle (compared with total employment) differed by about five-tenths of a point. For example, the percent age of workers idle during 1950 computed on the base used for the earlier years was 6.9, and the percentage for days of idleness was 0.44, compared with 6. 3 and 0.40, respectively, computed on the new base. From 1967 to 1973, two estimates of employment were used, one based on the wage and salary workers in the civilian work force, and the other on those in the pri vate nonfarm sector.1 The new private nonfarm series closely approximated the former BLS series which, as noted, excluded government and agricultural workers from employment totals, but accounted for idleness by such workers while on strike. The old method had re sulted in an increasingly distorted measure of the se verity of strikes; the likely growth of strike activity among government and farmworkers would have dis torted the measure even more in the future. The ‘total economy” measure of strike idleness now included gov ernment and agricultural workers in its employment count as well as in the computation of idleness ratios, Scope It is the purpose of this statistical series to report all work stoppages in the United States that involve six workers or more and continue for the equivalent of a full day or shift or longer. Definitions Strike or lockout. A strike is defined as a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees (not neces sarily members of a union) to express a grievance or enforce a demand. A lockout is a temporary withhold ing or denial of employment during a labor dispute to enforce terms of employment upon a group of employ ees. Because of the complexity of most labor-manage ment disputes, the Bureau makes no attempt to distin guish between strikes and lockouts in its statistics; both types are included in the term “work stoppage” and are used interchangeably. The terms “dispute,” “labormanagement disputes,” and “walkout” are also used interchangeably. Workers and idleness. The figures on the number of “workers involved” and “days idle” include all work ers made idle for one shift or longer in establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They* do not account for secondary idleness—that is, the effects of a stoppage on other establishments or industries whose employees may be made idle as a result of material or service shortages. The total number of workers involved in-strikes in a given year may include double counting of individual workers if they were involved in more than one stop page during that year. (Thus, in 1977, the Bureau re corded some 650,000 bituminous coal and lignite min ing workers as participating in strikes, while 214,000 workers were employed in the industry.) In some prolonged stoppages, the total days of idle ness are estimated if the number of workers idle each day is not known. Significant changes in the number of workers idle are secured from the parties for use in computing days of idleness. Methods The relative measures. In computing the number of workers involved in strikes as a percent of total em 1For further information, see ‘“Total Econom y’ Measure of Strike Idleness,” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , October 1968, pp. 54-56. 74 A p p e n d ix table 1. M eth od s o f c om p uting relative measures o f idleness Component Employment..................................... Estimated working time ................. Days of idleness as a percent of es timated total working tim e .......... Total economy measure Establishment series plus wage and salaried farm workers. Above employment times working days. Total Idleness Above working time Nonagricultural sector measure Private nonagricultural sector measure Establishment series. Establishment series less government. Above employment times working days. Above employment times working days. ^ Total idleness less fa rm v ^ Above working time Total idleness less farm and government 1QQ Above working time but excluded forestry, fishery, and private household workers from the base. To facilitate comparisons over time, the figure for the total economy had been carried back to 1939 (see table 1). The “private nonagricultural” measure excluded agricultural and government work ers from employment totals and these groups were also removed from strike figures in arriving at a percentage of nonagricultural working time idle. Beginning in 1974, government workers have been added to employment and idleness ratios. (See table 21.) The differences in the various measures are illustrated in appendix table 1 in which the components of each meas ure and the methods of computation are set forth. “Estimated working time” is computed by multiply ing the average employment for the year by the num ber of days typically worked by most employed work ers during that year. In these computations, Saturdays (when customarily not worked), Sundays, and estab lished Federal holidays are excluded.2 was compiled. Information is published only for those areas in which at least five stoppages were recorded during the year. Some metropolitan areas include counties in more than one State, and hence, statistics for an area may occasionally equal or exceed totals for the State in which the major city is located. Stoppages in the mining and logging industries are excluded from metropolitan area data but are reported by industry and State. Unions involved. For this purpose, the union is the or ganization whose contract was involved or which has taken active leadership in the stoppage. Disputes in volving more than one union are classified as jurisdic tional or rival union disputes or as involving coopera ting unions. If unorganized workers strike, a separate classification is used. However, the tabulations of “workers involved” include all who are made idle for one shift or longer in establishments directly involved in the dispute, including members of other unions and nonunion workers. Information is presented by major affiliation of the union, i.e., AFL-CIO, or, if there is no affiliation, by the designations “ independent,” “ single firm,” or “ no union.” Duration. Although only workdays are used in com puting total days of idleness, duration is expressed in calendar days, including nonworkdays. Sources of information State data. Stoppages occurring in more than one State are listed separately in each State affected. The work ers and days of idleness are allocated among each of the affected States.3The procedures outlined in the sec tion on relative measures also have been used in pre paring estimates of idleness by State. Occurrence o f strikes. Information on the actual or probable existence of work stoppages is collected from a number of sources. Clippings on labor disputes are obtained from a comprehensive coverage of daily and weekly newspapers throughout the country. Informa tion also is received regularly from the Federal Medi ation and Conciliation Service. Other sources of infor mation include State boards of mediation and arbitra tion; research divisions of State labor departments; lo cal offices of State employment security agencies; and trade and union journals. Some employer associations, companies, and unions also furnish the Bureau with work stoppage information on a voluntary cooperative basis, either as stoppages occur or periodically. Metropolitan area data. Information is tabulated sepa rately for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA’s) and Standard Consolidated Areas (SCA’s) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and,, in addition, for a few communities historically includ ed in the strike series before the current list of areas 2For example, the total economy figure for 1978 was computed by multiplying the average employment for the year by the number o f working days (85,763,000 x 251 = 21,526,5*13,000) and dividing this figure into the total number o f days o f idleness. 3The same procedure is followed in allocating data on stoppages occurring in more than one industry, industry group, or metropoli tan area. Respondents to questionnaire. A questionnaire is mailed to each of the parties reported as involved in work stoppages to obtain information on the number of work 75 To improve the completeness of the count of stop pages, the Bureau has constantly sought to develop new sources of information on the probable existence of stoppages. Over the years, these sources have probably increased the number of strikes recorded, but have had little effect on the number of workers or total idleness. As new agencies or organizations having knowledge of the existence of work stoppages are established or iden tified, every effort is made by the Bureau to establish cooperative arrangements. ers involved, duration, major issues, location, method of settlement, and other pertinent information. Limitations o f data. Although the Bureau seeks to ob tain complete coverage, i.e., a “census” of all strikes involving six workers or more and lasting a full shift or more, information is undoubtedly missing on some strikes involving small numbers of workers. Presum ably, these missing strikes do not substantially affect the number of workers and days of idleness reported.* 76 *U. S. 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