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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
CHILDREN’S BUREAU
JULIA C. LATHROP. Chief
A TABULAR STATEMENT OF
INFANT-WELFARE WORK BY PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE AGENCIES IN THE
UNITED STATES
ETTA R. GOODWIN
IN F A N T M O R T A L I T Y SE R IES N o. 5
Bureau Publication N o. 16
W ASHINGTON
GOVERNM ENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
3b
7
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE CHILDREN’S BUREAU.
Annual Reports:
First Annual Report of the Chief, Children’ s Bureau, to the Secretary of Labor,
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913. 20 pp. 1914.
Second Annual Report of the Chief, Children’s Bureau, to the Secretary of Labor,
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914. 19 pp. 1914.
Third Annual Report of the Chief, Children’s Bureau, to the Secretary of Labor,
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1915. 26 pp. 1915.
Care o f Children Series:
No. 1, Prenatal Care, b y Mrs. Max West. 41 pp. 3d ed. 1913. Bureau pub
lication No. 4.
No. 2. Infant Care, b y Mrs. Max West. 87 pp. 1914. Bureau publication No. 8.
Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes Series:
No. 1. Laws Relating to Mothers’ Pensions in the United States, Denmark, and
New Zealand. 102 pp. 1914. Bureau publication No. 7.
•
No. 2. Mental Defectives in the District of Columbia: A brief description of local
conditions and the need for custodial care and training. -39 pp. 1915. Bureau
publication No. 13.
Infant Mortality Series:
No. 1. Baby-saving Campaigns: A preliminary report on what American cities
are doing to prevent infant mortality. 93 pp. 4th ed. 1914. Bureau pub
lication No. 3.
No. 2. New Zealand Society for the Health of Women and Children: An example
of the methods of baby-saving work in small towns and rural districts. 19 pp.
1914. Bureau publication No. 6.
No. 3. Infant Mortality: Results of a field study in Johnstown, Pa., based on
births in one calendar year, b y Emma Duke. 93 pp. and 9 pp. illus. 1915.
Bureau publication No. 9.
No. 4. Infant Mortality in Montclair, N. J.: A study of infant mortality in a
suburban community. 36 pp. 1915. Bureau publication No. 11.
No. 5. A Tabular Statement of Infant-Welfare Work b y Public and Private
Agencies in the United States. 114 pp. 1916. Bureau publication No. 16.
Industrial Series:
No. 1. Child Labor Legislation in the United States, b y Helen L. Sumner and
Ella'A. Merritt. 2 charts. 1131 pp. 1915. Bureau publication No. 10.
Analytical tables of laws of all States and text of laws of each State.
No. 2. Administration of Child Labor Laws:
Part 1. Employment Certificate-System, in Connecticut.
1915. Bureau publication No. 12.
69 pp.
2 charts.
•
Miscellaneous Series:
No. 1. The Children’ s Bureau: A circular containing the text of the law estab
lishing the bureau and a brief outline of the plans for immediate work. 5 pp.
1912. Bureau publication No. 1.
No. 2. Birth Registration: An aid in preserving the lives and rights of children.
20 pp. 3d ed. 1914. Bureau publication No. 2.
No. 3. Handbook of Federal Statistics of Children: Number of children in the
United States, with their sex, age, race, nativity, parentage, and geographic
distribution. 106 pp. 2d ed. 1914. Bureau publication No. 5.
No. 4. Child-Welfare Exhibits: .Types and preparation, b y Anna Louise Strong,
Ph. D. 58 pp., 16 illus. 1915. Bureau publication No. 14.
No. 5. Baby Week Campaigns. Suggestions for communities of various sizes.
64 pp. 1915. Bureau publication No. 15.
2
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It*© ^ c.
\ lr>
CONTENTS.
Page.
Letter of transmittal..................... . . . . . . ; ................................ ............. ......................
5
7
In troductory.. . . ...............
State boards or departments of health................................... ................... : .................
7
Extension divisions of State universities......... . ........ ............................................
18-20
Work b y State universities to promote infant w elfare................. .................
18
Cities of 10,000 population and over................................................................... ......... 21-33
City bureaus or divisions of child hygiene..........................................................
21
Directory of infant-welfare agencies.............................
22-33
26
Infant-welfare stations........... ..'......................................................................
Instruction b y nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.........
27
Prenatal work............................................... 1..................................................
28
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes for instructing young girls in infant
h ygiene.........................................................................................................
28
Work for prevention of infant blindness......................................................
32
Milk inspection.............................................................. .................................~
32
Hospitals and dispensaries___ *...... ..............................................................
33
Cooperation between agencies....................
33
Cities in different classes............................. .'........... ........... .............. ......... ...............
33
Comparison of work b y municipal and private agencies..........................................
36
G EN EKAL TABLES.
Table 1. Infant-welfare work b y municipal and private agencies in cities and
towns having a population in 1910 of 10,000 and over, 1915..............
Table 2. Examples of infant-welfare work in cities and towns having a popula
tion in 1910 of less than 10,000, 1915___ 1................................................
Table 3. Milk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in
1910 of 10,000 and over, 1915........................ ................. .’ . ...................
Table 4. Summary of State laws and rulings relating to the prevention of blind
ness from babies’ sore eyes (no county or city acts,, ordinances, or
rulings in cluded ).........................................................................................
' Details of the State requirements for reporting babies’ sore e y e s ............... .......
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3
40
.96
100
106
112
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
U. S.
D
ep a r tm e n t
Ch
o f
il d r e n
L
a b o r
's B
,
u r e a u
,
Washington, D . 0 ., A p ril 6 ,1 9 1 6 .
S i r : I transmit herewith a tabular statement of infant-welfare
work by public and private agencies in the United States. In pre
paring a discussion of this subject it was found necessary to divide
the material into two reports. The first consists of the tabular
statement presented herewith and the second will give a detailed
description of the most significant instances of public and private
infant-welfare work. The tabular statement is published in advance
because of its general interest as a comparative presentation of
State, municipal, and volunteer agencies throughout the United
States. It is to be noted that the activities listed in this tabulation
are concerned chiefly with safeguarding the health of well children;
not with the treatment of sick children.
The tabulation indicates the nation-wide extent of the movement
to protect infant life. Nothing short of a revolution is taking place
in the attitude of physicians and social students. They increasingly
urge constructive measures for preserving health and for stimulating
and improving home care. Emphasis is placed upon the absolute
necessity of providing sound instruction in the hygiene of infancy
and childhood and of making it convenient for parents to secure
information as to the healthful regimen for the individual child.
Systems are in course of development for providing such examinations
and tests of well children as will enable parents to forestall disease.
As will be seen, public authorities and private agencies are working
out practical methods in various phases of the whole problem.
The work of collecting and tabulating the information has been
done b y Mrs. Etta R. Goodwin, assisted by Miss Dorothy Hender
son, under the general direction of Dr. Grace L. Meigs, head of the
division of hygiene.
Very respectfully,
J
Hon.
W
il l ia m
B.
W
il s o n
u l ia
C. L
a th r o p
,
Chief.
,
Secretary o f Labor.
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5
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A TABULAR STATEMENT OF INFANT-WELFARE
WORK IN THE UNITED STATES.
INTRODUCTORY.
The report which follows represents an effort to outline the extent
of the work carried on in the United States for the reduction of infant
mortality. It presents, for each State and for each city of 10,000
population and over according to the census of 1910, a statement of
the civic measures adopted for the reduction of the infant death rate,
and indicates the infant-welfaie work by private agencies in these
cities and characteristic work in some smaller communities. Full
descriptions of the methods used by both public and private agencies
will be furnished in another report now in preparation.
In collecting the information, schedules or inquiries were sent out
early in 1915. These were addressed to the State health officers in
all States, to the secretaries of all State colleges and universities, to
health officers in cities of 10,000 population and over, and to private
agencies on lists courteously supplied by Miss Ysabella Waters,
chairman of the membership committee of the National Organiza
tion for Public Health Nursing, and. author of “ Visiting Nursing in
the United States” ; by the American Association for the Study and
Prevention of Infant Mortality; and by the American National Red
Cross Town and Country Nursing Service. In this initial report a
complete and original census of all phases of infant-welfare work by
private agencies was not regarded as practicable. The choice of
agencies addressed is the result of the investigations of individuals
and agencies in close touch with infant-welfare activities in all sec
tions of the country.
STATE BOARDS OR DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH.
Four States— Kansas,1 New Jersey,1 New York, and O hio1—re
ported distinct divisions of their State departments of health dealing
specifically with problems of infant and child hygiene. In Massa
chusetts infant-welfare work is a well-defined feature of the work of
the division of hygiene.
1 Division organized subsequent to January, 1915. Infant-welfare work developed since that date not
shown in this report.
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8
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T *W E L F A R E
WORK.
Infant-w elfare work by State
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene.
State.
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Work for promotion of
birth registration.
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc.
Space given in bulletins
to discussion of impor
tance.
1 number monthly bulle
tin (July, 1914) devoted
to question.
Exhibits, lantern slides,
motion pictures, etc.
Pamphlet, On the B a b y .. Lantern slides on infant
hygiene.
Cooperation with childwelfare associations in
such effort.
Efforts directed toward
passage of good law re
cently enacted.
General health car; lantern slides.
Lantern slides; motionpicture films.
Interest stimulated by
constant reference to
subject in bulletins.
Active campaign; exten
sive space in bulletins;
cartoons; letters to coun
ty and city officers,
women’s clubs, etc.
No appropriation for put
ting in operation good
registration law recently
passed.
Pamphlet, Baby Welfare.. Traveling exhibit on publie health; panels, mod
els, special section relat
ing to infant hygiene;
lantern slides.
E
xh
ibits at .various
Pamphlets
distributed
county fairs; lantern
through a mailing list.
slides.
Literature sent to mother
upon registration of a
birth.
Leaflets, I f Y ou Have a
Baby, distributed to
mother upon registra
tion of a birth.
Motion picture, Tommy’s
Birth Certificate, or The
Sin of Omission, offered
to picture-theater man
agers gratis; effort to
ward putting in opera
tion good registration
law recently passed.
Pamphlet on the care of Traveling exhibit, me' chanical and still mod
the baby.
els, wall cartoons, 100
lantern slides, motionpicture films; sections
on infant mortality,
flies, etc., booked for
months in advance.
Continual agitation to im
prove birth registration;
search for unreported
births and prosecution
•of delinquent p h y
sicians; letter to mother
upon registration of
a birth.
Agitation for passage of
good registration law.
The Baby Book sent to
mother upon registra
tion of a birth; pam
phlets and circulars,
Summer Care of Babies,
Indiana Child Creed.
General health exhibit emphasizing infant hy
giene; wall panels, mod-_
els, 6 motion-picture"
films, 800 lantern slides.
Reprint of special bulle
tin, Save the Babies.
Child hygiene exhibit
shown at State and
county fairs, etc.; elec
tric devices.
Lantern slides on general
health.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
9
departments o f health, 1915.
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene—Continued.
Bulletins.
Lectures, by
whom given.
Lecturers sup
plied b y State
board of health.
How often
issued.
Class.
Other work
touching on
infant hygiene
or welfare.
Newspaper articles.
How often
issued.
Class.
Quarterly.. General health
do
General health;
reference to ipfant hygiene; 1
number on birth
registration.
. , . Health laws only
2 years old.
Lectures by mem Mbnthly... General health___ From time Summaries of birth
statistics.
to time.
bers of State
board of health
on infant hy
giene.
Campaign against
___ d o ................. .
irregular lyingin hospitals.
M onthly... Give space to
warnings against
p a t e n t medi
cines, etc.; occa
sional reference
to seriousness of
infant mortality
problem.
Lecturers supplied
b y health de
partment.
M onthly... General health; From time Articles on gen
eral health and
to time.
special
birthvital statistics.
registration car
toons.
Illustrateci l e c
tures given by
State board of
health.
Quarterly.. General health.
Lecturers supplied
b y b o a r d of
health.
Frequent lectures
by members of
State board of
health with ref
erence to infant
hygi'ene.
Monthly..
General health...
Frequent
refer
ence to the wel
fare of infants.
Lecture force of 4
m em be r s of
State board of
health; special
reference to sub
jects related to
infant hygiene.
illus
Quarterly.. Profusely
trated:
occa
sional infant hy
giene article.
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No regu
lartime.
Articles on infant
hygiene in city
and county pa
pers.
W eek ly... Literature on gen
eral health sub
jects sent to
newspapers;
stereotype cuts
and plates sup
plied!.
Biweekly Plainly written
health stories
sent to newspap e r s ; definite
date of release.
Practically ev
ery paper in
State takes ma
terial and pub
lishes in promi
nent place.
W eekly... Letter sent out
through press
service; general
health subjects,
frequent m e n
tion of infant
hygiene.
Cooperation with
w o m e n ’ s or-(
ganizations in 1
arranging
better-babies
contests.
Child-welfare ex
position held
in Indianapo
lis, February,
1915.
Physicians sup
plied for or
ganizing and
conducting
baby
health
contests and
conferences.
10
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
Infant-welfare work by State
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene.
ptate.
Work for promotion of
birth registration.
Kansas.................... Checking system and pros
ecutions.
(Division of Child
Hygiene, July
1,1915.)
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc.
Exhibits, lantern slides,
motion pictures, etc.
Bulletins, Care of Infants,
Save the Babies.
General health exhibit, ineluding reference to in
fant hygiene; motion
pictures; lantern slides.
General health traveling
exhibit.
Kentucky.
Louisiana.
Propaganda through cir
culars and personal
letters toward passage
of model law; pamphlet
sent and letter written
to mother upon regis
tration of a birth.
Pamphlet on How to
Keep the Baby Well
and leaflets distributed
from health exhibit car.
Educational hygiene exhibit train, more than
one-sixth of space given
to subject of infant wel
fare; 2 motion-picture
films; stereopticon out
fit.
Maine.
Check by clippings from
newspapers; leaflets and
posters explaining im
portance.
Series of leaflets on child
welfare widely distributed.
Traveling exhibit on child
welfare is combined with
exhibit on school hy
giene.
Maryland...............
Prosecution of physicians
and midwives failing to
report births; educa
tional pamphlets, leaf
lets, etc..
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc..
on birth registration.
General health car; lantern slides.
Massachusetts........Canvassers sent from house
to house checking up
births; collection orvital
statistics under secretary
of the Commonwealth.
Educational leaflets, For
Mothers with Little
Babies, in 3 languages.
Lantern slides; motionpicture films.
Michigan.
Under secretary of state;
system of checking by
supervisors of townships
or by assessors of cities.
Minnesota............... Gonstantreminderstolocal
registrars; check births
by deaths of infants un
der 1 year and investi
gate failure to report;
weatherproof notice for
tacking on trees, show
ing importance of birth
registration.
Mississippi — , — Reference in bulletins....... Reprint of special bulletm s, Protect the B abies,
Save the Babies, etc.
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Cartoons and mechanical
devices on infant hy
giene; lantern slides;
general health car.
Have had traveling gen
eral health exhibitions
on the road at various
times since 1907; not
sent out during past
year.
Lantern slides on general
health.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
$1
departments o f health, 1915—Continued.
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene—Continued.
Bulletins.
Lectures, by
whom given.
Lectures by mem
bers State board
of health; gen
eral health with
reference to in
fant hygiene.
4 sanitary inspec
tors in the field,
visiting every
p r e c i n c t in
many counties,
accompanied by
health exhibit;
no separation of
work for chil
dren and adults.
Members
State
board of health
accompany
health car sent
to rural dis
tricts; empha
size importance
of infant hy
giene.
Lecturers from
State board of
health, accom
panied. by stereop ticon , give
talks on child
welfare before
the granges, at
State fairs, etc.
How often
issued.
Class.
Newspaper articles.
How often
issued.
M onthly... General health; W eekly..
special numbers
on child hygiene.
.d o.
General health; is
sued in editions
of 25,000.
Biweekly
Class.
Articles on gen Plans for imme
diate future in
eral health sub
jects, reaching
clude rural sur
about 500 week
veys; efforts to
encourage cit
ly newspapers;
weeklypress let
ies to establish
visiting-nurse
ter on child hy
system.
giene.
M o n t h l y 1 issue of monthly
bulletin devoted
and quar
to subject of
terly.
child hygiene;
section in quar
terly once year
ly on infant hy
giene.
Bimonthly.
General health;
special reference
to child hygiene.
M o n th ly
No printed bulle
tins; typewrit
ten statements.
(for health
officers).
Special study of
antenatal mor
tality;
cam
paign for bet
ter report of
stillbirths.
Plans being
made for a cam
paign for edu
cational ' work
in infant hy
giene through
exhibits, lec
tures, bulletins,
pamphlets,
and newspaper
articles; plan to
take up ques
tion of publichealth nursing.
M onthly... General health.
Lectures by mem
bers of S t a t e
board of health
on subject of in
fant hygiene.
Other work
touching on
infant hygiene
or welfare.
.do.
L e c t u r e s b y Monthly..
county health
officers in schools
etc., on infant
hygiene.
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General
health;
cartoons r e f e r
ring to infant
mortality; .spe
cial number de
voted to infant
welfare.
General h e a l t h ;
special numbers,
P r o t e c t the
Babies, Save the
Babies.
Formerly s e n t
articles to 200
papers through
out State; serv
ice temporarily
discontinued.
12
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T " W E LF A R E
WORK.
Infant-welfare worh by State
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene.
State.
Work for promotion of
birth registration.
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc.
Missouri.
Montana.
Nebraska.
Constant communication
withlocalregistrars ¡per
sonal letters written in
case of neglect to report
births.
Prosecution of physicians
and midwives failing to
report births.
Exhibits, lantern slides,
motion pictures, etc.
Lantern and slides.
Occasional reference in
bulletins.
Nevada
Lantern slides on milk__
Prosecution of physicians
and midwives failing to
report births.
State board of health has
ower to compel local
oards to prosecute de
linquent physicians or
mid wives.
Leaflet, Save the Babies’
Eyes.
New Y ork.............
(Division of Child
Hygiene, Jan.
2,1914).
Posters, etc.; panels in
traveling exhibit; notifi
cation card and pam
phlet,Your Baby—How
to Keep It Well, sent to
mother upon registra
tion of a birth; numer
ous devices for making
it convenient for physi
cians to comply with re
quirement.
Pamphlet, How to Save 3 traveling exhibit units
(20 panels, infant-wel
the Babies; circulars of
fare station, etc.), each
information, Before the
in charge exhibit mana
Baby Comes, The New
ger, trained nurse, and
born Baby, The Food of
mechanician, in special
a Baby, The Summer
campaign in 1914 visited
Care of Baby, Care of
Milk in the Home, From
45 cities and villages and
55 county fairs, with ob
the Bottle to Table Food,
ject of encouraging es
AvoidingInfection,Your
tablishment of infantB a b y -H o w to Keep It
welfare stations in the
Well (3 languages); In
smaller communities.
fant-welfare Campaigns
and Infant-welfare Sta
tions (pamphlet giving
information helpful to
communities wishing to
establish infant-welfare
stations).
North Carolina.
Booklet, W hy Register
Births and Deaths, dis
tributed; frequent men
tion in bulletins; letters
to mother from governor
and State health officer
upon registration of a
birth.
Pamphlet, TheBaby; leaf
let on How to Keep
Your Baby Well.
New Hampshire__
New Jersey...........
(Division of Child
H y g i e n e and
Nursing, Nov.
1,1915).
Traveling exhibit on tu
berculosis, with some
reference to care of
babies; motion-picture
machine.
New Mexico.
North Dakota.
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Exhibit with 1 section on
Care and Feeding of In
fants ; health exhibit con
nected with baby con
test at State fair; lan
tern slides on infant hy
giene.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F ARE
WORK,
13
departments o f health, 1915—Continued.
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene—Continued.
Bulletins.
Lectures, by
whom given.
How often
issued.
Class.
Newspaper articles.
How often
issued.
Other work
touching on
infant hygiene
or welfare.
Class.
Quarterly.. General
health;
occasional arti
cle on i n f a n t
hygiene.
L e c t u r e r s sup
plied by board
of health.
Department o f
health lecturers
in tuberculosis
campaign inci
dentally empha
size principles
involved in care
of babies.
Director division
child hygiene,
during infantwelfare c a m
paign, delivered
several addresses
a week; 3 lectur
ers from division
of publicity and
education ac
c o m p a n y ex
hibit.
M onthly..
General health....
Quarterly.
General h e a l t h ;
occasional arti
cles on infant
hygiene. *
Quarterly.
General health.
M onthly..
___d o ..............
W eekly..
Monthly..
Sections in bulle
tins on infantwelfare c a m
paigns, manage
ment of infantwelfare stations,
Little Mothers’
Leagues, care of
baby, etc.
W eekly
press
service.
Child-welfare de
partment organ
iz e d tempora
rily with trained
nurse in charge,
for work with
women’s clubs.
Better - b a b i e s
c o n t e s t at
State fair.
General health___
N ews bureau: copy State campaign
and special cuts
with object of
supplied
fo r
organizing in
newspapers dur
fant - welfare
ing tour of trav
s t a t i o n s in
eling exhibit;
cities and rural
press service, 500districts; trav
word h e a l t h
eling exhibits
hints on such
v i e w e d by
topics as “ Infant
1,300,000 peo
feeding’ ’ mailed
ple in 45 cities
in “ boilerplate”
and small vil
stereotyped and
lages and at 55
r e a d y to be
county fairs;
placed in forms.
baby-health
conferences; 2
motion-picture
films, Care of
Babies and Imement of
Supply;
special meet
ings for moth
ers; h o m e s
visited; nurses
address school
children, estab
lish L i t t l e
Moth er s’
Leagues.
Newspapers
o f 100,000 pieces of
State supplied
literature on
with regular ungeneral health
technical articles
distributed.
S
.do.
Section on infant
h y g i e n e ; car
toons and illus
trations.
Weekly.
on health sub
jects.
Occasional l e c
tures by health
officer.
Quarterly.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sections on care of
children.
14
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N P A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
Infant-w elfare work by State
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene.
State.
Ohio.......................
(Division of Child
Hygiene, Oct.
1, 1915.)
Work for promotion of
birth registration.
Through public-health ex
hibit, motion pictures,
etc.
Oklahoma.
Effort directed toward
putting in operation
good
l a w . recently
passed.
Pennsylvania.
Checking-up system and
prosecutions.
Rhode Island.
South Dakota.
Tennessee.......
Texas.
Utah.
Vermont.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Exhibits, lantern slides,
motion pictures, etc.
Pamphlet on infant hy
giene.
Traveling exhibit, includ
ing motion pictures, sec
tions devoted to sub
ject of infant hygiene,
.and 1,500 lantern slides
taken to smaller cities
and towns and county
fairs: large portion of
rural communities of the
State have been reached.
Lantern slides..................
Booklet addressed
mothers.
Oregon.
South Carolina.
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc.
to
.do.
Pamphlet, Save the B aby
Infant - welfare exhibit,
portion of general-wel
fare exhibit; statistical
material, mottoes, motipn pictures; help given
to. mmunities wishing
to establish exhibits.
Pamphlet, Care of Babies; Milk and mouth hygiene
leaflet, How to Takeexhibit; lantern slides;
Care of Babies.
motion-picture films.
Effort directed toward
putting in operation
good
law
recently
passed.
Lantern slides.
The Mother’s Book pub
lished and distributed.
General health exhibit,
charts, motion pictures,
lantern slides.
Importance emphasized
in the monthly bulletin,
also b y efforts at prose
cution of physicians and
midwives failing to re
p ort births.
Circulars sent to mother -Circular teaching infant
upon registration of a
hygiene.
birth.
Public health exhibit car,
of which infant hygiene
is special feature.
General health exhibit;
lantern slides.
Motion - picture films;
electrical generator for
use in operating motionpicture apparatus; lan
tern slides.
TABULAE
S T A T E M E N T ’ OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W OEK.
15
departments o f health,' 1915— Continued.
Educational w ort on the subject of infant hygiene—Continued.
Bulletins.
Lectures, by
whom given.
Lectures given in
connection with
traveling health
exhibit; certain
part devoted to
subject of infant
mortality.
How often
issued.
Monthly. . .
Class.
How often
issued.
Weekly 1
Lectures b y mem
bers of State
board of health,
with some ref
erence to infant
hygiene.
Quarterly.
Lecturers from de
ls a r t m e n t of
h e a l t h accom
pany infant-wel
fare exhibit.
Monthly.
Members of State
board of health
give lectures to
mothers’ clubs;
4 weeks’ series of
lectures to the
foreign popula
tion, 1 lecture
each week on
care of infant.
Lect ures by mem
bers o f St a t e
board of health.
Quarterly.
General health.
Quarterly.
General health.
General health.
Weekly.
Food..................
Members of State
.d o .
board of health
give lectures on
general h e a l t h
subjects.
Field workers in •Monthly... Frequent
refer
hookworm work
ence to infant
touch upon mathygiene.
terofinfant mor
tality.
.do.
Statistical state
ments; occa
sional bulletins
to health officers.
Quarterly.
General health___
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Other work
touching on
infant hygiene
or welfare.
Class.
General health.
Lecturers supplied
bv department
of public health.
Lectures b y mem
bers of State
board of health;
general health
subjects.
Lectures by mem
bers of State
board of health
at baby shows,
parent - teach
ers’ association
meetings, etc.
Newspaper articles.
Letter on general
health matters;
arrange m e n t s
being perfected
for b e g i n n i n g
this service.
Reporters of var i o u s papers
visit office ,o i
State health offi
cer every day
and obtain ma
terial for arti
cles.
Summer
cam
paigns b y de
partment
of
health for less
ening i n f a n t
mortality.
Educational arti
cles on general
health subjects.
From time
to time.
In weekly news
papers; general
health subjects.
Occasion
ally.
Articles on general
or specific s ubects of public
lealth.
t
Infant hyi
dwelt upo
field work
h o o k wi
work.
16
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
Infant-welfare work by State
Educational work on the subject of infant hygiene.
State.
Work for promotion of
birth registration.
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc.
Exhibits, lantern slides,
motion pictures, etc.
Virginia.
Notification card and copy
of bulletin, Care of In
fants, sent to mother
upon registration of a
birth. Numerous car
toons in bulletins.
Reprint bulletins, The
Care of Infants, and
Mother
and
Child;
Health Handbook for
Colored People, Cate
chism of Public Health,
Virginia Health Alma
nac.
General health exhibit;
section on infant wel
fare; motion pictures;
lantern slides.
Washington.
Frequent mention in
bulletins; sections in ex
hibit; lecturer sent to
secure cooperation of
club women.
Pamphlets issued by
United States Public
Health Service, etc.,
distributed.
Exhibits on general health
subjects, section on in
fant hygiene, shown at
county fairs, etc.; lan
tern slides.
West Virginia.
Effort toward having law
amended.
Special bulletins on child
hygiene.
Wisconsin.
Notification card and bul
letin, Save Your Baby,
sent to parents upon
registration o f a birth;
publicity work through
5 deputy State health
officers; local registrars
instructed to report fail
ures to file certificates.
Pamphlet, Save Your
Baby; reprint special
bulletins.
Models; motion - picture
films, slides; 125 charts
on health.
Wyoming.
As shown in this statement, of the 48 State hoards or depart
ments of health from which replies were received, all except 4
reported that they had been able to give some attention to the
question of infant welfare as a distinct feature of health work. The
reports show, however, that several States are obliged to limit this
work to references in their monthly bulletins.
Birth registration is now recognized as an indispensable factor in
infant-welfare work. Growing interest in effective registration is
indicated b y the fact that six States have been added within the last
two years to those having laws founded upon the so-called “ Model
law ’ ’ for the registration of births and deaths. Work for the improve
ment of birth registration was reported b y 36 States.
Pamphlets, leaflets, etc., on infant care, according to the reports, are
distributed b y State departments or boards of health in 26 States.
The importance of the exhibit as an aid in the educational work of
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
17
departments o f health, 1915—Continued.
Educational work on tlie subject of infant hygiene—Continued.
Bulletins.
Lectures, by
whom given.
Frequent lectures
on care of in
fants b y State
board of health
officials.
How often
issued.
Monthly,
Class.
Special, Care of
Infants; Mother
and Child.
Series of lectures
General health,
.do.
by members of
special on Birth
State board of
Regi st r at i on,
health; commis
etc.
sioner has given
about 100 lec
tures;
infant
hygiene empha
sized.
Occasional l e c Quarterly.. Special on child
tures by mem
hygiene;
car
bers of St a t e
toons.
board of health.
Lect ur es b y 5
S p e c i a L Save
.do.
deputy St at e
Your Baby;
frequent refer
health officers.
ence to impor
tance of breast
feeding, preven
tion of infant
blindness, etc.
Newspaper articles.
How often
issued.
Other work
touching on
infant hygiene
or welfare.
Class.
W eekly... In form of 2 arti
cles on general
health subjects,
1 with definite
r e l e a s e date,
other as a “ fill
er” to be used
at discretion.
Publish Family
Almanac and
by means of
fables and
sketches drive
home some
h e a l t h lesson
ap p lica b le to
each month.
State boards of health is generally recognized, as is made evident by
the fact that 25 States now have exhibits with special panels, models,
or contrivances relating to infant hygiene. It is estimated that the
traveling exhibit of the New York State Department of Health, which
was sent out as a part of the infant-welfare campaign in 1914 with
the special purpose of stimulating communities to organize infantwelfare stations in cities _and in rural districts, was viewed by
1,300,000 people.
The State boards or departments of health in 32 States reported
that lecturers are supplied for talks on general health subj ects, includ
ing infant hygiene. California, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, and
Texas have, as a development of general health work, cars with
special infant-welfare features.
36248°—16---- 2
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18
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
EXTENSION DIVISIONS OF STATE UNIVERSITIES.
Inquiries concerning the work of extension divisions of State
colleges and universities in teaching infant care and hygiene were
sent to 72 State institutions enumerated in Table 13 of the report
of the Commissioner of Education for the year ended June 30, 1914.
Of these, 32 reported no infant-welfare work and 9 made no response
to the inquiry. A brief summary of the 31 answers received from
the institutions reporting any work of this nature is presented in the
following statement:
W O R K B Y STATE UNIVERSITIES TO PRO M O TE IN FAN T WELFARE.
University of Arkansas, Fayette
ville.
University of California, College of
Agriculture, Berkeley.
Florida State College for Women,
Department of Home Economics,
Tallahassee.
University of Idaho, Department of
Home Economics, Moscow.
Indiana University, Extension D i
vision, Bloomington.
Some work in small towns and rural communi
ties b y workers in domestic science.
E xhibit and lectures on flies. Chapter in ex
tension course in Rural Public Health on
i *The farm baby. ’ ’
Lessons in infant feeding and care of infants in
course on home economics.
One or two lessons on infant feeding in prize
winners’ short course to canning-club girls.
Lectures on infant feeding.
Traveling exhibit of eight screens of six panels
suggesting what any community can do for
itself and its children.
Child welfare given a place in suggested pro
grams for community institutes.
Purdue University, Department of Lectures before women’s clubs, mothers’ club
meetings, and farmers’ institutes on infant
Agricultural Extension, Home
feeding, hygiene of infancy, clothing, and
Economics Department, Lafay
general health subjects.
ette, Ind.
Models of infants’ clothing, pictures dealing
with infant feeding.
Iowa State College of Agriculture Regular lectures on feeding, clothing, and gem
eral care of children.
and Mechanic Arts, Home Eco
Charts on child hygiene.
nomics Department, Ames.
Models of infants’ clothing.
State University of Iowa, Extension Lecturer and child-welfare exhibit sent to com
munities where baby-health contests and con
Division, Iowa City.
ferences are held and to meetings of childwelfare associations.
Physicians recommended for conducting baby
health conferences and contests.
Kansas State Agricultural College, No definite infant-welfare work. Infant hy
giene touched upon in addresses of the four
Cooperative Extension Work in
women lecturers em ployed b y department of
Agriculture and Home Econom
home economics.
ics, Manhattan.
University of Kansas, Extension Exhibits showing surveys of Lawrence and
Belleville; 200 square feet of wall space.
Division, Lawrence.
Motion pictures and slides.
Lecturers.
Literature.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
19
Extension work for infant and child welfare in
rural communities and small towns through
lectures b y teaching staff of department of
home economics.
Maryland Agricultural College, Col Lectures on infant hygiene and child hygiene at
short courses.
lege Park.
University of Michigan, Extension Prenatal care made the subject of several exten
sion lectures.
Service, Ann Arbor.
University of Minnesota, Depart Extension courses in home economics which
deal with questions of food and nutrition,
ment of Home Economics, Min
home management, and infant feeding.
neapolis.
Mississippi Agricultural and Me Attention given to infant feeding in connection
with lectures and demonstrations.
chanical College, Home Econom
ics Department, post office Agri
cultural College.
University of Nebraska, College of As a feature of one of the short courses, a part of
one afternoon devoted to the care and feeding
Agriculture, Home Economics
of children. Illustrative material and a
Division, University Farm, Lin
series of charts used.
coln.
Lectures at farmers’ institute meetings and
short courses on care of children.
(Women’s Club Department).. Outlines on care and feeding of children (in
cluding that of infants) sent to women’s clubs
as a course of study.
University of North Carolina, De Prominence given to problems of infant hygiene
in suggestions contained in syllabus of
partment of Rural Economics and
county-club home studies.
Sociology, Chapel Hill.
North Dakota Agricultural College, Lectures on infant hygiene, b y graduate nurse,
in small towns and rural communities. "
Extension Division,1 post office
Agricultural College.
Ohio State University, Home E co Infant-welfare work carried on in connection
with the “ one-week movable schools” for
nomics Department, Columbus.
village and farm women.2
Ohio University, Extension Depart Lectures, many of them illustrated, on the sub
ject of home welfare, nursing, and sanitation,
ment, Athens.
with special reference to the child.
Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechan Arranges baby contests. *
ical College, School of Home E co
nomics, Stillwater.
Oregon Agricultural College,-School Sessions devoted to child welfare as a feature of
farmers’ institutes and extension service.
of Home Economics, Corvallis.
Lectures at chautauquas on care of infants.
Extended articles on feeding and care of in
fants put in hands of country mothers through
State Grange.
University of South Carolina, Home Assistance in the establishment of local chil
dren’s clinics given through lectures. Practi
Economics Department, Colum
cal help given at county-fair baby contests.
bia.
State University of Kentucky, Col
lege of Agriculture, Department
of Home Economics, Lexington.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
» Organized September, 1015.
2 Work organized subsequent to spring of 1915.
20
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
Extension work includes formation of homekeepers’ clubs for girls and of mothers’ circles
for the study of the child. Baby contests and
conferences arranged. Demonstrations given
of sleeping quarters for the child. Equipment
necessary for m ilk modification' and feeding
charts shown. Literature distributed.
University of Texas, Department Supervision of State baby contest. Organize
contests and talks at* county fairs on care
of Extension, Division of Home
and feeding of children.
Welfare, Austin.
Talks on infant welfare in connection with oneweek school, county rally, health train, and
home-improvement car. Outlinè on child
feeding and care arranged for mothers’ study
clubs.
Publicity work b y trained newspaper writer.
Exhibit consisting of 40 panels bn better babies,
10 on child labor. Models and electrical de
vices. Motion-picture machines; 500 lantern
slides; 30 bulletins on general health sub
jects.
Utah. Agricultural College, Exten Conducted a housekeepers’ conference using as
a keynote the subject of child welfare.
sion Division, Social and Home
Economics Associations Depart
ment, Logan.
University of Utah, Extension D i Lectures and demonstrations on infant hygiene.
vision, Salt Lake City.
University of Vermont, College of Lectures to farm women and children in exten
sion schools on general hygiene.
Agriculture, Extension Service,
Burlington.
West Virginia University, College of Study courses for farm wives’ clubs.
Agriculture, Department of Home
Economics, Morgantown.
University of Wisconsin, Extension Bulletins on infant feeding and hygiene and on
diseases of the infant.
Division and Agricultural College,
Health articles
Home Economics Department, Extensive publicity work.
printed regularly in 330 newspapers.
Madison.
Community, child-welfare, and women’ s in
stitutes in which much attention is paid to
prenatal and infant care.
Exhibit; 125 charts on health; section devoted
to children requires 75 square feet of wall
space. Models and electrical devices. Five
motion-picture films; 1,000 lantern slides.
The home-economics course offers instruction
b y correspondence upon the following topics:
Care of the prospective mother; disorders
and common ailments of pregnancy, and how
to avoid them; miscarriage; preparation for
confinement; care in lying-in period; the
newborn infant; the nursing mother and the
hygiene and general care of the newborn,
growth and development of the infant.
University of Wyoming, Agricultu Illustrated lectures on child feeding. Work
with women’ s clubs in arranging better-babies
ral College, Demonstration in
contests.
Home Economics, Laramie.
Winthrop Normal and Industrial
College, Home Economics Depart
ment, Rockhill, S. C.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAE
STATEM EN T
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
21
CITIES OF 10,000 POPULATION AND OVER.
Inquiries were sent to health officers in the 599 cities having a
population of 10,000 and over according to the census of 1910.1 No
response was received from 44 cities. Of the 555 city health depart
ments replying, 134 reported no work of any character b y the depart^
ments having a direct hearing on the problem of infant welfare;
255, no infant-welfare work with the exception of city inspection of
the milk supply.
The private agencies addressed numbered 448, all of which, with
the exception of a few added in the course of the inquiry, were
included in the lists supplied to the Children’s Bureau.2 Repeated
requests failed to bring responses from 28 of these agencies.
CITY BUREAUS OR DIVISIONS OF CHILD H YG IEN E.
Replies from 20 cities reported distinct divisions or bureaus of child
hygiene as branches of the city health departments and supplied the
information shown in the accompanying table:
T a b l e I .— Cities having divisions or bureaus o f child hygiene as branches o f the city
health departments.
City.
Popula
tion, 1910.
*
Boston, Mass___
Buffalo, N. Y . . .
Chicago, 111.........
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio.
Detroit, M ich .. .
Duluth, M in n ...
Jersey City, N. J
Kansas City, Mo
Los Angeles.Cal.
Milwaukee, W is.
Montclair, N. J ..
Nashville, Tenn.
New York, N. Y
Newark, N. J . . .
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, P a ..
Providence, R. I
Seattle, W ash...
Toledo, O h io.. .
670,585
423,715
2,185,283
363,591
560,663
465,766
78,466
267,779
248,381
319,198
373,857
21,550
110,364
4,766,883
347,469
1,549,008
533,905
224,326
237,194
168,497
Title of division.-
Year
estab
lished.
1911
1910
1912
1911
1911
1909
1911
1914
1911
1910
1912
1912
1910
1908
1913
1910
1914
1914
1914
1915
1 A subdepartment of the Division of Medical Inspection and Relief.
2 Work outlined by the infant-welfare committee of the board of health.
2 Chiefly employed in regulation and improvement of boarding homes for children.
As noted in the table, New York was the first city to establish a
separate division of child-welfare work. Detroit was the second city
to take this step. Of the eight largest cities in the United States
only two— Baltimore and St. Louis— have failed to create a division
1In addition the inquiry included ^South Orange, N. J., with less than 10,000 population, on account
of its relation to the general infant-welfare work of the Oranges.
2 See p. 7.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W O R K .'
specializing in this work. Of the 42 cities in the 100,000 to 500,000
class, '12 have divisions or bureaus of child hygiene; of the 59 cities
in the 50,000 to 100,000 class only 1 has such a division; of the 120
cities in the 25,000 to 50,000 class no city has such a division; and
of the 372 cities in the 10,000 to 25,000 class only 1 has a division.
•DIRECTORY OF INFANT-W ELFARE AGENCIES.
The information secured from cities of 10,000 population and over
is summarized in General Table 1, as a directory of municipal and
private agencies, under the following headings: Infant-welfare sta
tions; instruction by nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations
who visit mothers in their own homes and give advice on the care
of the baby, home modification of milk, etc.; prenatal work; Little
Mothers’ Leagues or classes for instructing young girls in infant
hygiene; work by nurses for prevention of infant blindness; and
city inspection of milk supply. A summary of this table, showing
the distribution of certain phases of the work in different parts of
the country, is presented in Table II.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e I I — Infant-welfare work carried* on through stations and through nurses not connected with stations, and prenatal work, distributed according to
divisions and States, 1915.
Instruction in infant hygiene in
homes by nurses not connected
with infant-welfare stations.
97
23
57
9
23
7
Vermont...........................
Massachusetts...................
Rhode Island....................
Middle Atlantic......................
1
1
1
14
4
g
1
2
1
17
5
8
53
93
East North Central...............
Illinois.....................-*........
Wisconsin.........................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
27
10
6
5
5
1 l
1
8
2
55
17
14
252
174
323
53 ' 176
21
15
55
25
36
13
7
8
7
'1
117
48
16
31
15
7
121
18
35
90
32
9
30
15
4
236
15
72
181
85
12
47
22
15
15
4
3
1
5
3
31
11
6
57
203
1
20
23
14
36
24
9
2
1
135
15
53
144
66
7
38
18
15
49
95
198
259
466
460
122
491
186
286
45
893
16
11
52
62
55
74
38
75
43
51
12
108
1
3
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
9
1
45
5
14
25
6
8
31
7
8
, 1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
4
13
3
10
7
3
55
42
25
17
10
28
29
21
4
3
1
23
8
11
19
8
5
3
2
i
18
1
6
11
5
3
1
2
4
1
1
1
4
5
1
/ 1
5
1
31
3
11
1
5
1
42
3
10
38
17
1
5
1
48
5
14
34
10
64
15
24
16
51
53
86
234
155
19
171
52
114
18
347
5
7
4
30
7
14
27
11
15
48
13
2o
218
3
13
125
11
19
•8
23
14
15
54
17
43
14
• lo"
142
10
19
243
26
78
8
17
41
52
166
153
49
158
40
57
8
29Ó
5
2
5
5
11
6
3
10
11
15
7
4
13
13
8
10
93
49
64
'8
64
15
20
4
33
69
11
12
137
12
80
56
5
3 .
2
2
1
69
10
1 - 8
9
5
10
13
WORK.
33
13
7
1
50
9
11
1
1
1
32
9
7
1
1
Part time.
51
Agencies reporting.
76
Cities reporting.
34
Part time.
29
Full time.
New England.........................
Part time.
Part time.
60
Full time.
Fulltime.
110
Agencies reporting.
Part time.
116
Cities reporting.
Full time.
488
Not dispensing.
Winter.
152
Both whole and
modified milk.
Summer.
714
Modified milk
only.
Agencies reporting.
397
Whole milk only.
Cities reporting.
539
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
205
OF
142
’c3
O
Winter.
STATEM ENT
United States................
Maine................................
Summer.
Dispensing.
Winter.
Summer.
Division and State.
Nurses.
Nurses.
Dispensing of milk—agencies.
Nurses.
Stations.
Prenata1work.
TABULAR
Infant-welfare stations.
Full time.
J
T able II. — Infant-welfare work carried on through stations and through nurses not connected with stations, and prenatal work, distributed according to
Jj®
divisions and States, 1915—Continued.
Instruction in infant hygiene in
homes by nurses not connected
with infant-welfare stations.
30
32
18
23
7
12
7
5
7
17
20
9
3
22
7
2
21
12
5
13
2
5
3
11
1
11
2
4
1
3
2
7
2
i
4
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
6
2
2
3
8
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
1
2
2
2
2
6
7
25
25
26
14
25
11
6
3
3
1
18
21
1
1
1
1
13
7
2
11
7
4
3
5
5
11
7
4
5
5
1
2
1
1
1
13
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 »
1
1
i
2
1
4
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
5
1
4
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
Part time.
Full time.
Agencies reportii
Cities reporting.
Part time.
Full time.
Part time.
Full time.
Agencies reporting.
Cities reporting.
Not dispensing.
Both whole and
modified milk.
Modified milk
only.
Whole milk only.
Total.
Part time.
Fulltime.
Part time.
Full time.
Winter.
Summer.
Agencies reportin
Cities reporting.
37
4
3
10
56
11
24
18
23
1
9
3
5
2
4
3
6
4
2
3
6
9
2
1
1
1
2
9
1
2
1
2
1
4
38
4
38
13
18
3
52
1
2
6
20
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
6
20
1
4
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
4
3
5
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
15
5
25
1
2
1
2
1
5
15
5
3
6
4
1
2
1
2
8
16
19
2
9
2
W ORK.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19
3
3
4
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
Florida...................... .......
W
>
12
8
Winter.
OF
South Atlantic........................
Summer.
Dispensing.
bh
STATEM ENT
West North Central...............
Winter.
Summer.
Division and State.
Nurses.
Nurses.
Dispensing of milk—agencies.
Nurses.
Stations.
Prenatal work.
TABULAR
Infant-welfare stations.
East South Central.................
18
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
6
6
5
6
9
16
8
10
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
h
1
4
5
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
i
1
5
1
6
1
1
5
1
6
5
5
11
11
13
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
12
4
4
1
i
6
11
1
1
6
1
3
4
7
6
1
5
6
2
9
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
7
1
3
5
5
5
4
5
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
6
2
2
2
3
6
2
2
7
7
2
2
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
1
1
3
8
9
12
12
9
10
1
4
5 -
5
5.
2
2
2
4
4
7
7
7
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
7«
1
11
1
9
2
WORK,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
25
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
California...........................
11
OF
P acific..... ..............................
12
STATEM ENT
Utah
5
TABULAR
West South Central................
5
to
Oí
26
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
INFANT-WELFARE STATIONS.
The establishments included under infant-welfare stations may be
described under four headings: (1) Infant-welfare stations, which do
not dispense milk but to which mothers may bring their babies for
examination by doctors or nurses and which send nurses into the
homes to instruct mothers in the care of the baby, home modification
of milk, etc. (2) Milk stations, where a good quality of milk is dis
pensed, either free or at the prevailing price, for the use of mothers
who are unable to nurse their babies. Other activities usually cor
respond with those of the inf ant-welfare station. (3) Feeding clinics,
established by certain hospitals. It is to be noted that hospital
clinics for sick babies are not included. (4) Health centers, which
carry on educational work in a prescribed neighborhood and which
deal with health and other problems affecting not only the baby but
the entire family.
Number of cities represented.— The total number of cities repre
sented in the reports received from agencies maintaining infant-wel
fare or milk stations is 142; the number of agencies, 205. Of the
cities 53, with 93 agencies, are situated in the Middle Atlantic division,
33 of the cities and 53 of the agencies being in New York State.
The New England division is represented by 29 cities and 34 agen
cies, with 14 cities and 17 agencies in Massachusetts, and the East
North Central division by 27 cities and 36 agencies, with 10 cities and
13 agencies in Ohio.
Number of stations.— Reports were received from 205 agencies,
maintaining 539 infant-welfare stations in 142 cities of 10,000 popula
tion and over. Of these stations only 397 were reported as operated
in the winter. According to the inquiry the Middle Atlantic is far
ahead of other divisions in the total number of stations maintained
(252), and, as shown in Tablo V , in the number of. stations reported
by municipal agencies or by municipal in cooperation with private
agencies (134) and by private agencies (118). Even if the stations
maintained in New York City are eliminated, the statements still
give the first place to the Middle Atlantic division.
Milk dispensed.— Replies received from the 205 agencies main
taining infant-welfare stations in 142 cities indicate that milk is dis
pensed by slightly more than one-half (110) of the agencies. Of these
agencies 49 dispense both whole and modified milk, 60 whole milk
only, and 1 modified milk only. In the stations of 95 agencies no
milk is dispensed.
Nurses attached to stations.— Nurses who work with infantwelfare stations as headquarters, giving all or a portion of their time,
number 866 in summer but only 604 in winter. Of the nurses
employed in summer nearly one-half (404) are employed in stations
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAE
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
27
maintained by cities or by cities in cooperation with private agencies.
The work is concentrated in the Middle Atlantic division with 380
nurses, of whom 256 are in New York State, including 165 in New
York City.
INSTRUCTION BY NURSES N O T CONNECTED W ITH INFANT-WELFARE STATIONS.
The figures in the preceding paragraph taken by themselves do not
present- a complete statement of infant-welfare nursing work. To
obtain this it is necessary to add the nurses who are not connected
with the work of a station but who visit mothers in their own homes
and instruct them in the care of babies, in the modification of milk,
etc. The figures shown in the tables for the number of nurses who
give a portion of their time to such work are doubtless too small.
At the present time a complete report would probably include work
ers in nearly every visiting-nurse association in the country. No
attempt was made to carry on an exhaustive inquiry to bring out
this information. The bureau addressed only those agencies which
there was some reason to believe specialized in infant-welfare work.1
Agencies reporting nurses not connected with infant-welfare or
milk stations doing educational work among mothers in their own
homes were found in 198 cities. This number should not be added
to the cities reporting stations in order to get the total number of
cities having infant-welfare work, because many cities have both
classes of work. The total number of cities reported as carrying on
infant-welfare work, by municipal or private agency, either through
stations or through nurses not connected with stations who visit
mothers in their homes, is 287.
Of these nurses not connected with stations, 466 are reported as
giving their entire time in summer to inf ant-welfare work, but only
122 as giving their entire time in winter. In addition, 460 visiting
nurses, according to the table, do a certain amount of educational
work in summer among mothers as a distinct branch of their routine,
and 491 do similar work in winter. Thus altogether 926 infantwelfare nurses are employed in summer and 613 in winter. That the
number of part-time nurses is greater in winter than in summer is
accounted for by the fact that many nurses are attached to stations
operated only during the summer. In winter their work may be
described under the other heading, and this of course swells the total
for the winter part-time nurses.
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28
TABULAE
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
PRENATAL W ORK.
The term “ prenatal w ork” as used in this report refers to the care
and instruction of prospective mothers in the hygiene of pregnancy
by doctors and nurses attached to infant-welfare stations and obstetri
cal clinics and by nurses not attached to stations who visit mothers
in their own homes. In collecting the information presented no
attempt was made to address all hospitals and obstetrical clinics;
the inquiry included only those institutions to which reference was
made in the original sources of information.1
Cities and agencies reporting.— The number of cities Reporting
prenatal work as carried on by departments of health or by private
agencies is 186. All sections of the country are represented. The
Middle Atlantic division shows 52 cities reporting prenatal work, 23
of them being in New York State; the New England division reports
43, with 25 in Massachusetts; the East North Central division, 40;
the West North Central, 18; and each of the other divisions less
than 15.
Of the 286 agencies reporting this work, 114 are in the Middle
Atlantic division, 57 in the East North Central, 51 in New England,
23 in the West North Central, and less than 20 in each of the other
divisions.
Nurses.— According-to the table, 45 nurses give their entire time
to prenatal work, 13 being employed by boards of health.2 Among
the States, New York reports 14, Massachusetts 10. Although com
paratively few nurses give their entire time to prenatal work, the
fact that 893 give a portion of their time to this work is significant
and indicates a-growing disposition to include systematic prenatal
work as a feature of the activities of the stations and of the agencies
sending nurses into the homes.
Obstetrical clinics.— In some cases an obstetrical clinic employs
nurses to do prenatal work; in others, agencies carrying on prenatal
work establish clinics for the medical care of pregnant women; in
others, again, such agencies work in cooperation with clinics. Of the
286 agencies reporting prenatal work by nurses, 59 report that they
support obstetrical clinics.
LITTLE M OTHERS’ LEAGUES O R CLASSES FOR INSTRUCTING YOUNG GIRLS IN
INFANT HYGIENE.
Under this title are included classes in infant hygiene for girls of
school age either as a feature of the school curriculum or as an activity
carried on outside school hours by the health authorities or b y some
private agency. In response to this inquiry 44 cities of 10,000 popu
lation and over reported that classes for Little Mothers had been
organized by municipal agencies. The information is presented in
Table III.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 See p. 7.
* Table Y , p. 37.
TABULAR
STATEM EN T
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
29
I I I .— Little Mothers' Leagues or classes fo r instructing young girls in infant
hygiene, conducted by municipal agencies in cities having a population in 1910 o f 10,000
and over, 1915.
T able
[Sign (X-) signifies that some work is being done in the field indicated.]
Instruction
given by—
State and city.
California:
Los Angeles............................
Connecticut:
Bridgeport1. . . ......................
Hartford.................................
District of Columbia:
Washington............ ...............
Illinois:
Chicago..................................
La Salle, Peru, and Oglesby,
Hygienic Institute, Depart
ment of Health.
Indiana:
Gary1............... .....................
Kansas:
Topeka2 ................................
Massachusetts:
Holyoke3...............................
Northampton........................
Springfield......................
Michigan:
Detroit...................................
Minnesota:
Duluth....................................
Missouri:
Kansas C ity...........................
New Jersey:
Hackensack6.........................
Newark..................................
O range.................................
Passaic.........
New York:
Buffalo.........
Dunkirk___
Jamestown L
New Y ork ...
Ogdensburg1.
Olean7...........
Poughkeepsie.
Classes.
Num
In schools.
ber of
girls in
Badges
worn.
struct
Demon
ed anLec
Out
stra
During side
nually. tures.
of
tions.
school school
hours. horns.
100
Elsewhere.
X
X
500
X
X
Playgrounds.
120
' X
X
Model flats.
4,000
180
X
X
(4)
*
X
X
100
472
20
(4)
100
35
1,500
Weighing station
and health de
partment labo
ratory.
Playgrounds.
(4)
6200
17,638
Playgrounds, in
fant-welfare sta
tions, and settle
ment houses.
Child-welfare sta
126
tion.
450
R ochester....
50
Schenectady..
Utica1...........
997
Yonkers3.......
Ohio:
Alliance1.......
1,110
Cincinnati___
2,500
Cleveland9. . .
Elyria1..........
Oklahoma:
E nid1............
1 Details not supplied.
2 Details not supplied; cooperates with Topeka Public Health Nursing Assn.
3 Details not supplied; cooperates with Holyoke Infant Hygiene Assn.
4Number not supplied.
6 Details not supplied; cooperates with Children’s Relief andi General Welfare Society.
6Approximately.
7 Details not supplied; cooperates with Olean Visiting Nurse Assn.
3 Cooperates with Milk Committee.
9 Cooperates with Babies’ Dispensary and Hospital.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
30
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T able I II.— Little Mothers' Leagues or classes fo r instructing young girls in infant
hygiene, conducted by m unicipal agencies in cities having a population in 1910 o f 10,000
and over, 1915— Continued.
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is being done in the field indicated.]
State and city.
Pennsylvania: _
Rhode Island:
Classes.
Instruction
given by—
Num
In schools.
ber of
Badges
girls in
worn.
struct
ed an Lec Demon
Elsewhere.
Out
During side
stra
nually. tures.
of
school school
tions.
hours. hours.
9,906 • X
3,000
X
93
X
36
South Dakota:
X
x.
X
X
X
X
X
X
Milk stations.
X
X
•
Tennessee:
Utah:
Virginia:
Wisconsin:
5,242
X
X
' X
1 Details not supplied.
2 Details not supplied; cooperates with King’s Daughters Visiting Nurse Assn,
s Details not supplied; cooperates with Associated.Charities of La Crosse.
The number of young girls instructed annually is given as 48,475.
Chicago reports 4,000 of these; New York, 17,638; Philadelphia,
9,906; Pittsburgh, 3,000; Milwaukee, 5,242. In 12 cities a distinc
tive badge is supplied, either free or for a small sum, to the girls
in these classes or clubs.
In addition, the following private agencies reported some work
under the heading of Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes:
State and city.
Agency.
Alabama:
Clanton..................................Chilton County Health Committee.1
California:
Oakland................................. Baby Hospital of Alameda County.
Connecticut:
Hartford................................ Visiting Nurse Association.
Litchfield............ , ...............District Nursing Association.1
[District Nurse Association.
[Social Service League.
New Haven.......................... Visiting Nurse Association.
District of Columbia:
Washington...........................Washington Diet Kitchen Association.
Florida:
Jacksonville......................... Infant Welfare Society.
Illinois:
Chicago................................. Mary Crane Day Nursery.
Moline................................... King’ s Daughters, visiting nurse department.
1 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
31
State and city.
Agency.
Indiana:
South Bend.......................... Children’s Free Dispensary and Hospital.
Kansas:
'
Lawrence...............................Social Service League.
Kentucky:
_
'
. .
Paducah......, ........................ Settlement House.1
Louisiana:
New Orleans......................... Child Welfare Association.
Maine:'
Portland................................ Edward Mason Dispensary, milk station.
Massachusetts:
Boston....................................Denison House, Boston College Settlement.
Lincoln House.
Milk and Baby H ygiene Association.
Fall R iver.............................District Nursing Association.
Gloucester................... ........ Gloucester District Nursing Association.
Leicester................................Leicester Samaritan Association.
Lowell....................................Lowell Guild.
Lynn.................. ......... - ____ D ay Nursery Association (baby clinic).
North Adams........ . ............. Visiting Nurse A id Association.
Swampscott.......................... Swampscott Visiting Nurse Association.
W altham ..............................Waltham District Nursing Association.
Minnesota: .
Duluth........................... .....Scottish Rite Masons, infant-welfare department.
St. Paul........................... . .St. Paul Baby Welfare Association.
Missouri:
St. Joseph............................. Baby Welfare Association.
Nebraska:
Lincoln.............................. - - Charity Organization Society.
New Jersey:
Camden................................. Visiting Nurse Society.
Jersey C ity......................- - - Child Welfare Association.
Long Branch.........................Long Branch Visiting Nurse Association.
Madison................................. Town Improvement Settlement House.
Morristown............................ Central Bureau of Social Service.
Neighborhood House Association.
Orange......................- ........... Diet Kitchen of the Oranges.
Visiting Nurses’Association of Orange and West Orange.
South Orange....................... Society for Lending Comforts to the Sick.
New York:
A lbany...................................Central Christian Mothers Union.
Buffalo...................................District Nursing Association.
Cohoes....................................State Charities A id Association, Cohoes Committee on
Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Glens Falls............................Child Welfare Committee.
Ithaca.......................... ......... Visiting Nurse Association.
Ithaca Tuberculosis Committee.
New Y ork ............................. New York Association for Improving the Condition
of the Poor.
Sunnyside D ay Nursery.
Purchase............................... Purchase Visiting Nurse Association.1
Syracuse.. . - ........................Infant Welfare Association.
Utifca......................................Baby Welfare Committee of Utica.
(Bureau of Charities and Society for Prevention of
Cruelty to Children.
Visiting
Nurse
Association.
i Affiliated with American
Red Cross
Town
and Country Nursing Service.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
32
TABULAR
State and city.
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
Agency.
Ohio:
A k r o n .. .................... ........... George T. Perkins Visiting Nurse Association.
Cincinnati.............................Union Bethel Settlement.
Columbus.............................. Instructive District Nursing Association.
Pennsylvania:
Butier........... ......................... Women’s Industrial Club.
Easton................................... St. John’s Lutheran Church.
E rie........................................ Visiting Nurse Association.
Johnstown................. ......... .Associated Charities of Greater Johnstown.
Lebanon......... |........... ........ Visiting Nurse Association.
Mead v ille .......... ................... Visiting Nurse Association.
Palmerton.............................New Jersey Zinc Co. (of Pennsylvania).1
Philadelphia........................ Baptist Settlement House.
Child Federation.
Children’s Homeopathic Hospital.
Cohocksink Mothers’ Club.
Mt. Sinai Hospital.
Osteopathic Society.
Wilkes-Barre....................... Visiting Nurse Association.
Texas:
Houston............... ................. Houston Settlement Association.
Social Service Federation.
Virginia:
Hot Springs...........................Hot Springs Valley Nursing Association.1
Leesburg...............................Lena Morton Memorial Nurse.
Washington:
Mount Vernon.....................Skagit County public health nurse.
Wisconsin:
Neenah and Menasha....... .Visiting Nurse Association of Neenahand Menasha.
Two R iv e r s .. . .
.............. Ladies Charitable Association.
W O R K FOR PREVENTION OF INFANT BLINDNESS.
The statements shown in General Table 1 concerning the pre.vention
of infant blindness- relate solely to work by nurses. Such work was
reported by 181 cities as carried on by 251 agencies.
General Table 4, on page 106, is a Summary of State Laws and Rul
ings Relating to the Prevention of Blindness from Babies’ Sore Eyes,
founded on a statement published by the National Committee for
the Prevention of Blindness and revised to include the laws of 1915.
M ILK INSPECTION.
Inquiries covering country milk inspection, the scoring of dairies
and stores selling milk, score cards employed, enforcement of bacteri
ological standards, and pasteurization ordinances were sent to all
cities and towns having a population in 1910 of 10,000 and over.
Of the 599 cities, 410 replied that milk inspebtion was carried on.
Only 298 of these, however, supplemented this statement by return
ing the special schedule calling for detailed information. The tabu
lation of the information from these special schedules is presented in
General Table 3, page 100.
1
Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
33
Of the 298 cities represented, all except 58 reported country milk
inspection. Dairies are scored in 228 cities and stores selling milk
in 98. The card used by the Department of Agriculture, or a modi
fication of that card, has been adopted in 146 cities; a bacteriological
standard is enforced in 176 cities; a pasteurization ordinance is re
ported by only 43 cities.
HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
As explained elsewhere, this report deals with the infant-welfare
and prenatal work of hospitals and dispensaries only so far as such
work relates to the instruction of mothers and expectant mothers in
infant hygiene and in the hygiene of pregnancy and to follow-up work
by hospital nurses in keeping under observation babies who have left
the hospital. No attempt was made to address all hospitals in the
United States in order to bring out this information; the inquiry
included, as in other cases, only those institutions to which reference
was made in the original sources of information,1 with a few institu
tions added in the course of correspondence.
COOPERATION BETWEEN AGENCIES.
It has been found impossible to present information in such a way
as to show the minute points of cooperation between the different
private agencies engaged in infant-welfare work and between such
agencies and city health departments. In the larger cities and in
many of the smaller ones the health departments cooperate freely
with all organizations having work in any way touching on the prob
lem of infant mortality. Obviously in a statistical statement an
attempt to describe such cooperation would not be practicable. But
where the information available has pointed to definite phases of
cooperation, such phases, as far as possible, have been indicated.
CITIES IN DIFFERENT CLASSES.
Table IV shows the distribution of certain phases of infant-welfare
work in cities of different population groups. It includes, in addi
tion to the cities represented in other tables, a group of places having
a population in 1910 of less than 10,0002 and thus gives some idea
of the growth of the work in smaller communities. The information
concerning this last group has been gained more or less incidentally
rather than by an exhaustive inquiry and does not by any means
cover all infant-welfare work in the smaller places. It has a certain
significance, however, as showing the tendency to include the in
struction of mothers and prospective mothers in infant hygiene, as a
part of general nursing work.
1 Seep. 7.
36248°—16---- 3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 For list of cities see General Table 2, p. 96.
T able TV .-In fan t-w elfare work carried on through stations and through nurses, giving part or fu ll time, not connected with stations, by m unicipal
C®
and private agencies, distributed according to population groups and divisions, 1915-1
Middle Atlantic................................. ......
iÓÒÌÓOÓto 500,000...............................
5Ó,ÓÓÓto 100,000.................................
9i'noo t.o 50,000.........................: ........
lÒ^ÓÓÓto 25,000...................................
East North Central..................................
iòoiooo to 500,000...............................
25,000 to50,000...................................
1Ò;ÓÓ0 to 25,000...................................
Under 10,000......................................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Private
agency.
154
246
305
406
471
288
472
590
8
33
34
27
40
12
31
1
109
84
20
18
13
2
17
129
78
46
19
23
10
61
14
22
15
3
5
2
124
68
14
18
7
11
6
55
23
17
5
4
4
2
194
141
29
20
20
2
16
151
141
97
32
42
8
108
20
30
39
6
10
3
164
83
21
30
8
19
3
98
27
41
12
8
8
2
6
19
25
45
103
90
87
1
308
72
15
39
37
1
55
15
17
5
10
8
215
91
40
53
87
104
120
10
3
16
20
31
40
192
92
18
10
19
22
31
188
111
36
9
7
16
9
9
5
7
2
61
3
6
12
11
21
8
29
2
8
4
4
9
2
10
5
2
136
90
20
5
11
8
2
64
19
38
2
5
9
3
4
221
147
43
6
12
11
2
121
47
64
1
9
7
13
27
35
73
2
2
11
10
28
20
50
2
4
1
11
23
9
236
200
13
5
6
12
141
93
30
13
5
266
8
36
30
36
76
80
69
1
6
9
8
19
26
72
3
6
12
10
21
20
50
2
7
1
10
20
10
Municipal
agency
alone or co Private
operating agency.
with
private
agency.
281
747
144
70
16
17
32
2
23
15
268
188
68
53
82
1
2
5
139
91
24
4
5
14
1
80
38
30
4
1
123
13
30
19
8
27
26
256
117
37
27
25
21
29
229
110
71
7
10
20
11
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
100,000 to 500,000...............................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
9.5'finÒt,o 50,000 .................................
Private
agency.
Cities
reporting.
OF
inn'nnn t.o 500,000................................. !..
5Ó,ÓÓÓto 100,000........................................
àVnnn io so,óoo.........................................
lò’ÒÒÓto 25,000.........................................
Under 10,000.............................................
New England...........................................
Private
agency.
Municipal
agency
alone or co
operating
with
private
agency.
Municipal
agency
Cities
alone or co
reporting. operating
with
private
agency.
STATEM ENT
United States.-............ .......................
Citìes having a population of—
Municipal
agency
Cities
reporting. alone or co
operating
with
private
agency.
Nurses employed by—
Nurses employed by—
Stations operated by— Nurses employed by—
Population group and division.
Prenatal work. *
TABULAR
Instruction in infant hygiene in
homes by nurses not connected
with infant-welfare stations.
Infant-welfare stations.
12
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...............................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
25,000 to 50,000...................................
10,000 to 25,000...................................
Under 10,000......................................
South Atlantic........................................
1
4
3
3
1
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...............................
' 50,000 to 100,000...........................
25,000 to 50,000.............................
10,000 to 25,000.............................
Under 10,000................................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5
3
2
1
5
2
7
20
7
7
1
2
23
9
2
13
7
2
20 *
1
6
31
32
19
g
14
12
4
5
5
7
15
10
3
5
5
15
8
1
1
2
i
2
2
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
6
1
5
6
3
3
12 •
1
2
6
8
3
1
3
1
3
10
14
8
1
"
1
i
11
6
5
27
21
10
50
8
3
6
1
3
3
6
3
5
6
9
36
27
15
53
2
16
1
13
8
14
10
7
9
1
0
5
4
1
12
1
9
2
"3
5
1
6
5
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
8
3
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
5
6
5
9
7
10
6
8
10
6
7
3
6
3
9
3
3
1
3
1
2
6
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
WORK,
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...............................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
25,000 to 50,000.............................
10,000 to 25,000.............................
Under 10,000......................................
Taciflc .............................................
42
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...............................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
25,000 to 50,000...................................
10,000 to 25,000...................................
Under 10,000......................................
Mountain.................................................
8
11
10
3
2
1
OE
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...............................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
25,000 to 50,000...................................
10,000 to 25,000...................................
Under 10,000........... ..........................
West South Central................................
• 6
1
1
3
27
STATEM ENT
500,000 and over................................
100,000 to 500,000...'.........................
50,000 to 100,000.................................
25,000 to 50,000...................................
10,000 to 25,000...................................
Under 10,000......................................
East South Central...............................
•
10
TABULAR
West North Central................................
1
2
2
2
1
1 Totals in this table do not check with those in Tables II and V, i n which only cities of 10,000 population and over are included.
1
CO
Cn
36
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
In. spite of the spread of baby-saying activities in the past few
years, 238 or 43 per cent of the 551 infant-welfare stations, together
with 345 or 39 per cent of the 877 station nurses, and 523 or 49 per
cent of the 1,062 nurses not connected with station work, are found
to be concentrated in the eight cities of over 500,000, representing a
total population of 11,511,841. Of the nurses who devote at least a
portion of their time to prenatal work, 40 per cent are working in
these eight large cities; but the figures show that agencies in other
groups of cities as well are not neglecting this important phase of
infant-welfare work.
COMPARISON OF WORK BY MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE
AGENCIES.
The agency by which the work is carried on may he the munici
pality, either alone or in cooperation with a private agency, or
an exclusively private agency. According to the reports, infantwelfare work is carried on by municipalities or private agencies
through infant-welfare stations or through instruction of mothers in
their homes by nurses in 287 cities of over 10,000 population. The
number of cities in which some work of this character is done by
the municipality or by the municipality in cooperation with some
private agency is 149. Infant-welfare stations are operated by the
municipalities in 60 cities; instruction of mothers in their homes is
carried on by the municipal nurses in 100 cities; prenatal work is
carried on by the municipal nurses in 63 cities. The total number
of cities in which work is carried on by private.agencies is 254.
It is found that for the country as a whole only in one group— cities
having a population of between 100;000 and 500,000— does the num
ber of stations maintained by cities or by cities in cooperation with pri
vate agencies exceed the number maintained by private agencies alone.
The city stations, however, in two groups— the 500,000 and over
and the 100,000 to 500,000— maintain as large a staff of nurses as the
private agencies. Of the nurses not connected with station work
who visit mothers in their homes, the number maintained by munici
pal or by municipal in cooperation with private agencies in the eight
cities of 500,000 population and over is found to be much larger than
that employed b y private agencies. This is partly due to the em
ployment of school nurses in summer in, infant-welfare work.
With the exceptions noted, private agencies in all the different
population groups outclass municipal agencies in the number of
stations and in the number of nurses in station work and of those
not connected with stations. The same thing is true in nearly all
sections of the country and in nearly all population groups, with the
exception of some of the groups in the Middle Atlantic division, the
East North Central, and one group in the Pacific division.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
37
WORK.
A comparison in detail of infant-welfare work by municipal and by
private agencies, and by municipal cooperating with private agencies,
in cities of 10,000 population and over is shown in Table V.
T able Y .-In fan t-w elfare work carried on through stations and through nurses not con
nected with stations, and prenatal work, distributed according to character o f agencies and
divisions, 1915.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes by
nurses not connected
with infant-welfare
stations—Number of
nurses.
Infant-welfare stations.
Character of agency and
division.
Number.
Nurses.
Summer.
Summer.
Winter.
Prenatal
work—
Number
of nurses.
'Winter.
Full Part
.Sum Win
Full Part Full Part time. time.
mer. ter. Full Part Full Part time. time. time. time.
time. time. time. time.
United States............
539
397
714
152
488
116
466
460
122
491
45
893
Municipal............................
Private................................
‘Cooperating.........................
181
295
63
117
235
45
283
342
89
20
120
12
140
277
71
27
79
10
371
74
21
56
391
13
39
70
13
63
408
20
13
31
1
179
628
86
New England......................
76
51
97
23
57
9
55
74
38
75
12
108
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
6
59
11
43
8
8
84
5
3
20
2
53
2
9
35
17
59
13
63
11
86
Middle Atlantic...................
252
174
323
57
203
55
234
155
19
171
18
347
Municipal......................
Private.........................
Cooperating...................
124
118
10
84
84
6
190
121
12
14
40
3
95
102
6
24
30
1
216
18
13
141
1
2
15
23
143
11
7
124
220
East N orth Central..............
117
90
181
36
144
29
166
153
49
290
27
53
37
15
47
28
51
65
65
1
31
4
28
58
58
158
g
8
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
25
4
34
15
144
35
145
6
212
West North Central..........
37
30
32
18
23
7
5
15
11
24
i
56
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
8
27
2
6
24
4
26
2
2
16
3
20
2
5
2
3
5
9
1
6
5
19
1
47
South Atlantic....................
25
25
26
14
25
11
4
3g
4
38
3
52
21
3
1
21
3
1
2
Municipal.......... •..........
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
East South Central............
23
2
23
2
22
4
9
5
21
4
6
5
2
2
12
11
25
18
1
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
5
7
5
6
15
10
9
9
Í
West South Central............
4
4
11
Municipal............».........
Private..........................
Cooperating..................
3
1
3
A
10
1
1
1
h
10
1
1
1
Mountain.............................
5
1
6
1
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating..................
5
1
6
1
Pacific..................................
11
11
13
Municipal......................
Private..........................
Cooperating...................
6
5
6
5
9
4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
7
3
3
4
3
3
1
1
i
5
1
5
'
9
13
3
7
12
5
1
12
1
11
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GENERAL TABLES.
E xplanatory N ote.—Absence of entry in any of the columns indicates that a
positive statement has been received that at the time of the inquiry no infant-welfare
work was being carried on.
Reference to a footnote “ No information supplied, ” indicates that no response has
been received to the Children’s Bureau inquiries.
Reference to a footnote “ Work reported. Detailed information not available,”
indicates that the agency stated’ upon the preliminary schedule that some work was
carried on but did not fill out the supplemental schedules asking for detailed
information.
39
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
T a b l e 1 .—Infant-w elfare work by m unicipal and
[Sign (X ) sign
Infant-welfare stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
H.g
ALABAMA.
2
Anniston___
Bessemer___
Birmingham.
5
6
7
8
Gadsden........
Mobile..........
Montgomery.
Selma...........
1
3
4
Municipal....................-.......................
___ do.1.................................................
...... do....................................................
Infant Welfare Assn., 1622 S. Thir
teenth St.
Municipal.............................................
___ do....................................................
----- d o . . . . ........................... .................
----- do.1...............................................
ARIZONA.
9
10
Phoenix.
Tucson..
Municipal.
___ do.......
11
12
13
14
15
16
Argenta.......
Fort Smith..
Hot Springs.
Little Rock..
17
18
Pine Bluff..
Texarkana2.
Municipal.................. : ..........................
___ do.1............ ............................|.........
___ do.1.......................; ..........................
___ do.....................................................
United Charities Assn., City Hall........
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., State
Bank Building.
Municipal............... .•............ .............
___ do.......................... i ........................
19
Alameda................... Municipal.
Bakersfield......................do.
Berkeley..........................do.
Berkeley Dispensary,3 954 University
St.
Eureka...................... Municipal.
Fresno........... ................... do.
Long Beach.....................do.
Los Angeles.............. Municipal(division of child welfare)..
Oakland.................... Municipal.
Baby Hospital of 'Alameda County,
5105 Dover St.
Pasadena................... Municipal.
Pomona...........................do.
Redlands..........................do.
Associated Charities, room 5, City Hall.
Riverside.................. Municipal.
Sacramento......................do.
San Bernardino............... do.
San Diego........................do.1
San Francisco................. do.
University of California Hospital Dis
pensary, Second and Parnassus Aves.
Certified Milk and Baby Hygiene Com
mittee (Assn, of Collegiate Alum
nae).1
286
CALIFORNIA.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
6
6
2
2
450
l ' fo information supplied.
2 i nder 10,000 population. Joint population of Texarkana, Ark., and Texarkana,
8 ( verhead expenses included in city tax budget. City health department ar
j Hygiene Committee, Association of Collegiate Alumnse, cooperate.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAE
STATEM EN T
OP
I N F A N T -W E L P A E E
41
W OEK.
cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915.
Í
1
!
. 1 •
City inspection of mille supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
classes and
clubs.
By
In t h e i r own
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
. doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
1
i
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
X
X
5
6
7
X
1
1
2
X
8
X
X
1
1
1
X
.1
X
X
X
1
1
___ 1........
...... .......
X
X
X
1
X
X
X
1
1
2
2
X
i
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
X
X
17
18
X
20
21
(?)
X
X
X
X
1
[n
(0
(7)
22
¡X X
X
X.
11
12
13
/i 4
115
16
19
I l
1
................... 1
........
X
X
1
X
X
X
1
9
10
X
X
X
X
X
X .
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(6)
X
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
,30
{31
132
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
4 For period of approximately 6 months.
‘
6 City furnishes supplies for clinic of Dispensary of University of Southern California.
* Limited.
7 All nurses in training school have 6 weeks prenatal nursing.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
IN F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
-
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Part time.
Winter.
Fulltime.
Part time.
il
Sum
mer.
1 Fulltime.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 133 E. Haley St. »1
Nurses.
Doctors on staff.
Num
ber.
Summer.
Agency.
Winter.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
CAUFOBNiA—contd.
1
2
3
4
5
6
San Jose...................
Santa Barbara.........
Santa Cruz..............
Stockton..................
Vallejo.....................
102 (2)
3
3
COLORADO.
7
S
-9
Colorado Springs...
D enver...................
10
11
Pueblo.....................
Trinidad..................
12
13
Ausonia............ ......
14
15
Bridgeport...............
16
17
Bristol......................
18
19
Danbury..................
Greenwich................
Hartford...................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 536 Temple Court
Building.
CONNECTICUT.
20
21
22
Nurse '‘Assn., Ansonia, Derby, and
Shelton.
2
t
C)
1
94 ....
1
1
1
175
Cheney Brothers, South Manchester...
1
1
»18
Young Women’s Christian Associa
tion, 32 Crown St.
1
Bridgeport Visiting Nurse Assn., 475
State St.
1
Bristorvisiting Nurse Assn.,a343 N.
Main St.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 34 Charter Oak
Ave.
23
24
25
26
Manchester..............
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Middletown.............
Meriden town..........
Naugatuck...............
New Britain............
New Haven.............
District Nurse Assn., 181 High St.......
Social Service League, 165 Broad S t... } *
1
Visiting'Nurse Assn., 65 S. High S t . .. ¥
Infant Welfare Assn., 200 Orange S t...
4
2
2
104
6
2
165
4
4
Municipal............... .............................. \
Associated Charities.............................. f
Norwalk................... MuniciDal...............................................
i Baby conference once a week; general dispensary 2 afternoons a week.
* No information supplied.
* Work reported. Detailed information not available.
4 To certain extent by school nurse.
* For period of 2 months.
* Between mothers and nurses; family physicians consulted when necessary.
New London...........
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
1
1
91
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
43
WORK,
and towns "having a population in 1910 o f IQ,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
3
9 .iv v .1
I...
*
X
X
7
7
1
(3)
(il
(s)
X
(6)
X
7
7
<4>
(4)
10
11
X
2
X
X
14
15
X
ft
17
XXX
X
**
o ,
X
X
12
13
- 1
X
18
19
20
21
22
X
23
24
25
26
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(6)
4
4
3
4
X
3
SX
"7
X
12 X
2
2
1
io X
1
I General cooperation by physicians.
8 School nurses.
* Help from Visiting Nurse Assn, in care of sick babies.
10 Available for students of Yale Medical School.
II Financed by-Civic Federation.
12 Milk dispensed, but no regular station maintained.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ux
X X
12 X
X
10
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
X
X
X
6
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
X
X
2
3
7
X
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinie.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
B v conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
27
(28
\29
30
I31
<32
[33
34
35
36
(37
\38
39
44
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Waterbury Visiting Nurse Assn., 37
Central Ave.
1
1
597
1
3
3
2
2
Part time. |
100
Winter.
Fulltime.
1
Part time.
1
Sum
mer.
Doctors on staff.
VisitingNurse Assn., Richmond House
Nurses.
Fulltime.
Num
ber.
| Summer.
Agency.
1 Winter.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations'
CONNECTICUT— COn.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
....
9
DELAWARE.
10
11
DIST. OF COLUMBIA.
12
13
15
16
17
1
1
1
«1
1
Washington Diet Kitchen Assn., 1322
Twenty-eighth St.
Woman’s Clinic Auxiliary, 716 Thir
teenth St.
5
5
813
20
7
7
Infant*Welfare Society,10 Engfiieer
Bldg.
1
1
365
1
2
1
Mary MacLean Circle of King’s Daugh
ters, 343 Drayton St.
1
1
(a)
(u)
2
2
Friendship House, 324 Virginia Ave.
SE.
Instructive Visiting Nurse Society,
2506 K St.
14
(2)
( 6)
<5)
75
75
FLORIDA.
18
19
20
21
22
GEORGIA.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
IDAHO.
33
Boise......................... Municipal1................... ........................
1Work reported. Detailed information not available,
s No information supplied.
8 Limited.
4 Supplies literature for distribution by infant-welfare agencies.
6 Nurse supplied by Instructive Visiting Nurse Society.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
45
WORK.
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
X
X
X
X
X
X
Part time.
0)
0)
0)
City inspection of milk supply.
Full time.
0)
Work by nurses t o prevent infant blindness.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Part time.
Full tim e.'
i Fulltime.
Modified.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
classes and
clubs.
By
In t h e i r own
homes by nurses.
B y conferences o F
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
X
Nurses.
Winter.
Summer.
,,
Milk dis
pensed.
Instruction given to
mothers. ••
Prenatal
work.
Part time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers' Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.!
X
X
X
_X
X
X
X
X
X
»X
9
X
10
11
X
12
2
X.
•
X
X
5
5
1
1
5
1
X
X
1
17
X
92
»2
X
15
16
X
X
X
13
14
X
X
(°)
X
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
-X
X
1X
X
X
X
X
X
18
19
20
21
22
-X
C1)
<*)
s D iet kitchen cooperates in maintaining station.
1 C1)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
X
32
>x
33
X
X
1X
1
X
ix x i
2
2
í 1)
■,
0)
0)
0)
X
...
i Part time given to follow-up work of Washington Diet Kitchen Assn, stations.
* l ^ f f i n ^ v & o ^ p O T a t S with Infant Welfare Society; 1 nurse for work among colored population.
io Specific cooperation by board of health,
u General cooperation by physicians.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in ciñes
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Infant-welfare stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
Nurses.
Sum
mer.
Winter.
ILLINOIS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
■7
8
9
Alton............
Aurora..........
Belleville......
Bloomington.
Cairo.............
Canton..........
Champaign...
Chicago.........
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
83
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Chicago Heights.
Cicero.................
Danville..............
D ecatur...:.......
East St. Louis.
Elgin................
Evanston.........
Freeport...
Galesburg.
Jacksonville.............
Joliet........................
Kankakee................
La Salle (associated
with P e r u and
Oglesby).
Lincoln....................
Mattoon...................
Moline......................
Oak Park.
Peoria......
Municipal...............................................
.......do......................... .......................... .
....... do.....................................................
....... do.1___i ...........................................
.......do....... .............................................
.......do....................................................
.......do.1...................................................
Municipal (division of child hygiene)2..
Infant Welfare Society of Chicago,2
104 S. Michigan Ave.
Jewish Aid Society, West Side Dis
pensary, 1012 Maxwell St.
Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary,
1336 Newberry Ave.
Mary Crane Day Nursery,6 818 Gilpin
Place.
Olivet Dispensary, 1500 Hudson St___
Visiting Nurse Assn, of Chicago,2104
S. Michigan Ave.
Municipal...............................................
.......do........................................ ............
.......do.....................................................
.......do...................... .......................... .
W oman's Club *.............. ...-...............
Municipal...............................................
.......do................................... ......... . . . . .
.......do..... ...............................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 732 Emerson St.
Municipal..............................................
.......do.............................. ......................
Galesburg Visiting Nurse Assn., City ( 9)
Hall.
Municipal..........................................
.......d o ...................................................
.......d o ....................................................
Hygienic Institute, Department of
Health for La Salle, Peru, and
Oglesby.11
Municipal..............................................
.......do............................................ .......
.......do..................................................
King’s Daughters, visiting nurse de
partment, 15394 Third Ave.
Municipal1............................................
.......do.....................................................
Visiting Nurse Committee, Associated
Charities,1301 City Hall.
Child’s Welfare League1......................
Pure milk dispensary1..........................
Municipal..............................................
1,089
5,492
928 43
285
19 (i°)
140 (12)
165
Quincy...... .
tfo information supplied.
lealth department, Visiting Nurse Assn, of Chicago, and other agencies cooperate with Infant Wei*
Society of Chicago, under which all infant-welfare work is centralized.
School nurses employed in summer. Cooperate with Infant Welfare Society of Chicago.
■additional physicians in summer.
burnishes headquarters for 1 station, maintained by Infant Welfare Society of Chicago.
Staff of day nursery available for this work.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
47
W ORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Fulltime.
|Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Whole.
Milk dis
pensed.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
B y conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
X
...................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
3 93
X
X
X
2
1
X
X
X
68
68
X
X
X ’
(6)
X
X
1
68
X
X
X
X
7k
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
X
1
1
X
X
X
X
8X
X
»X
3
X
X
X
X
X
8X
7X
X
8X
i Limited.
s Work reported. Detailed information not available.
» A course of baby conferences held in summer of 1914.
10 General cooperation b y physicians.
11 Largely supported by private gifts.
MHealth department physicians.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Infant-welfare stations.
©
U
03
ü
UÙ
C3
Sum
mer.
03
Ö
O
ÎH
0
1
ft
35
1
3
56
1
2
I s
a
IH
Winter.
Parttime.
d
1 Fulltime.
?©T*
!
g£
3a
CO
Nurses.
1Part time. 1
Num
ber.
1 Fulltime.
Agency.
Winter.
State and city.
Summer.
48
2
1
2
1
Illinois—continued.
Municipal.............................................
Visiting nurse department, Public
Welfare Assn., 116 S. Wyman St.
1
1
Visiting Nurse Assn., West End Set
tlement House.
l 1
1
1
....... do.....................................................
INDIANA.
Babies’ Milk Fund Assn, of Evansville. 1
Municipal...............................................
1
First Presbyterian Church....... ...... . ..
Municipal. ."...........................................
1
....... do*...................................................
Huntington.............. ....... do. 1.................................................
Local Council of Women,1335 W . Ma
tilda St.
Municipal............................................... Ì a
Children’s Aid Assn.. City Hall.......... } 8
Bethany Social Confer and Flanner
2
House.
Jeffersonville............ Municipal1............................................
....... do. 1........... .....................................
Flower Mission2...................................
Laporte....................
Logansport............... .......do.*..............................................
Red Cross Assn, of Cass County, Ma
sonic Temple.
Marion...................... Municipal...............................................
Michigan City.......... ....... do.*...................................................
Mishawaka."........... ....... do.....................................................
Muncie.....................
New Albany............
Peru.........."..............
Richmond................
Visiting Nurse Assn., Commercial
Club rooms.
South Bend.............. Municipal...............................................
Children’s Free Dispensary and Hos
pital, 1031 W . Division St.
Visiting Nurse Assn, of South Bend,2
219 Jefferson Bldg.
Terre Haute............. Municipal...............................................
Terre Haute Social Settlement,2 29
N. First St.
Vincennes................ Municipal...............................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
(2)
}l
2
532
7
2
85
12
1
4
1
2
2
1
2
4 31,352
2
5
2
5
2
2
2
1
1
129
1Work reported. Detailed information not available.
* No information supplied.
3 Under 5 years of age.
4 Delivered b y milk committee to home, upon orders.
6 11
2
1
2
2
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
49
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
>X
2
X
X -
2
X
City inspection of milk supply.
Part time.
Fulltime.
Part time.
Nurses.
W ork b y nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Prenatal
work.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Winter.
Fulltime.
<D
S3
o
a
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
X
Milk dis
pensed.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
X
and
X
classes
clubs.
In t h e i r o w n
homes b y nurses.
X
By
B y conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
-■ mothers.
I Fulltime.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated;]
1X
X
X
X
(2)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
«
m
0)
X
X
G)
h
0)
0)
to
to
0)
(')
2
0)
0)
X
X
X
6
2
6 10
X X
X
X
X
X
X
. X
X
•
1
1
(2)
X
d
1
X
'
XX -
l
1
X
1
X
1X
~
X
X
X
X
X
X
6
7
8
I 9
\10
11
12
13
1X
14
X , 15
16
17
X
18
1X
19
1X
■20
XX
l
IÍ
X
X
XX
0)
0)
1
2
P1
\22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
X
.... 1
1
s School nurses.
« Limited.
7 Services of two untrained workers.
36248°— 16----- 4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
42
43
44
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Nurses.
3
Fulltime.
1
Winter.
Part time.
Sum
mer.
1 Part time.
! Doctors on staff.
Num
ber.
Winter.
Agency.
Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
IOWA.
1
2
3
Child Welfare Committee of the Red
Cross.
Visiting Nurses Assn, of Burlington,
416 Columbia St.
4
5
6
7
8
9
In
1
1
1
Davenport Visiting Nurse Assn., 1216
W . Third St.
#
10
11
Des Moines Visiting Nurse Assn., 418 «1
Century Bldg.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
(3)
9
1
98 * 1
85
2
1
4
4
4
1
Cerro Gordo County visiting nurse,
215 N. Madison Ave.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Associated Charities and Corrections, 1. ..
City Hall.
1
KANSAS.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
2
20
Topeka Public Health Nursing Assn.,
City Bldg.
2
41 Wichita.................... Municinal...............................................
i Work reported. Detailed information not available.
a Work discontinued November, 1914. To be resumed under newly organized Social Service League.
3 No information supplied.
4 61 physicians cooperated during the year.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
51
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
City inspection of milk supply.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Part time.
Nurses.
Full time.
Part time.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Winter.
Fulltime.
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Iniant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in .the field designated.]
XX
1
2
X
X
B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X-
X
81
X
X
'
3
»1
1
4
X
3
X
*1
1
X
X
10
11
1X
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1X
2
3
1
I
3
X
1
X
X
1X
8X
2
3
2
3
2
X
3
X
X
X
X
1
Ì
X
X
1X
41
X
2
* Under supervision of Des Moines Visiting Nurse Assn.
•Situated in “ model cottage” of Roadside Settlement.
1 School nurse.
8
With State assistance in salary of inspector.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
21
22
23
24
25
Í 26
j 27
28
29
30
31
32
33
84
35
36
37
38
(39
j 40
ix x x x x
1
5
6
7
8
9
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F ARE
WORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Infant-welfare stations.
Agency.
State and city.
Num
ber.
*0 ^
g 2
3 a
KENTUCKY.
1
2
3
4
5
Covington..
Frankfort..
Henderson.
Lexington.
6
Louisville.
8
9
10
11
Newport...
Owensboro.
Paducah...
12
Alexandria...
Baton Rouge,
Lake Charles.
Monroe.........
New Orleans.
7
Municipal.............................................
___do.2.................................. ...........
___d o................ ............ .....................
___ d o ................................................-.
Fayette Tuberculosis Assn, and Visit
ing Nurses’ Assn., 614 W. Main St.
Municipal...........................................
Babies’' Milk Fund Assn, of Louis
ville, 215 E. Walnut St.
Municipal.............................................
___ do.2....................................... .........
___ d o..................................—
Settlement House,41405 S. Third S t..
22
628
LOUISIANA.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Shreveport.
Auburn...
Augusta..
Bangor___
Biddeford.
Lewiston.
Portland.
Municipal.............................................
___d o ................ ..................................
. . . . d o . . . ---------------------- ------------------ d o ...... ............................................
___ do.5.................................................
Child Welfare Assn.,5 419 Gravier St.
Municipal..................................... - —
Waterville.
29
30
Baltimore................. Municipal...................... .......................
Instructive Visiting Nurse Assn, of
Baltimore, 1123 Madison Ave.
Mothers’ Relief Society, 1123 Madison
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
(6)
Municipal.............................................
__ .d o .......... ...... . — ..........................
... . d o .................................................
___ d o . . . ....................................- .........
Trull Hospital Aid Assn.2..................
Municipal............................................
___ do.7................................................
District Nursing Assn, of Portland—
Edward Mason Dispensary, milk sta
tion, 7 65 India St.
Municipal..................................... . —
28
31
(8)
716
297
71
Ave.
Johns Hopkins Hospital......................
Maryland Assn, for Study and Preven
tion of Infant Mortality (Babies’
Milk Fund Assn.), 10 E. Fayette St.
Thomas Wilson Sanitarium...............
Cumberland........... Municipal— -......................................
Frederick.......................... d o...................................... . - .........
Frederick County Branch of the
Maryland Assn, for the Prevention
and Relief of Tuberculosis, 133 S.
Market St.
Hagerstown.............. M unicipal...........................................
13
4,803
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
2 No information supplied.
5 Clinic supported by medical department of the University of Louisville.
4Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
53
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E .W O R K .
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued.
City inspection of milk supply.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
classes and
clubs.
By
In t h e i r ow n
homes by nurses.
B y conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations--Continued.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in the field designated.]
*X
X
X
X
X
3
4
5
X
6
7
X
8
9
10
11
1X
1X
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
X
X
X
1
X
1
1
3X
1
X ,
1X
X
X
X
6
X
X
iy
19
1X
20
21
22
iX
1
X
X
X
-X
1
1
71
X
X
X
i
2
X
X
X
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
[ 30
1
1
1
1
1
X
r32
1
[33
X
X
X -
X
14
X
X
X
1?4
1
1
.........1
........» Appropriation made by city toward support of Child Welfare Association.
6 Number not supplied.
7 City furnishes salary of nurse for Edward Mason Dispensary, milk station.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
35
36
37
1
X
38
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
T a b l e 1. —Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign ( X ) signifies that some work is
Part time.
(5)
j
(6)
(5)
(5)
Winter.
Fulltime.
(5)
(6)
Sum
mer.
j
(6)
Nurses.
1 Doctors on staff.
J Fulltime.
1 Part time.
Num
ber.
|Winter.
Agency.
| Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1
2
3
4
Attleboro Anti-Tuberculosis Society,
124 Pleasant St.
5
6
7
8
Boston*Lying-in Hospital, 24"McLean
St.
9
IO
Denison House, Boston College Settle
ment,593 Tyler St.
Cottage Place Day Nursery,5 1049 Co
lumbus Ave., Roxbury.
Dorchester House,5 7 Gordon Place___
Elizabeth Peabody House,5357 Charles
St.
Infants’ Hospital, social service de
partment, 55 Van Dyke St.
Instructive District Nursing Assn.,6
561 Massachusetts Ave.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
(«)
( 6) ( 6 )
Massachusetts General Hospital, social 11 1 1
service department, Blossom St.
1
1
Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital,
82 E. Concord St.
Maverick Dispensary, 18 Chelsea St.,
East Boston.
Milk and Baby Hygiene Assn., 26 Ben- 12 12
net St.
18
19
20
21
1
1
6 143
3
1
134
1
1
1
4,097
13
17
14
200
4
1
135
66
1
( 6 ) ( 6)
22
North End Union,520 Parmenter S t... ( 6) (5)
Peter Brent Brigham Hospital, 26
Charter St.
Roxbury Neighborhood House,5 858 (6) (6)
Albany St.'
South Bay Union,5 640 Harrison A v e.. (5) (6)
South End House,1143 East Canton St.
Woman’s Municipal League, 209 Bea
con St.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
} 2
Brookline Friendly Society, Union
Building.
33
34
35
Cambridge Visiting Nursing Assn., 35
Bigelow St.
5
}*
1
3
1
No information supplied.
Nurses employed when necessary.
Work reported. Detailed information not available.
Out-patient nursing work done b y Instructive District Nursing Assn.
Give quarters for infant-welfare station maintained by Milk and Baby Hygiene Assn.
Supply nurses for pregnancy clinic of Boston Lying-in Hospital.
Feeding clinic.
Number visited by social service worker.
In cooperation with Woman’s Municipal League. Nurses supplied by Instructive District
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
T A B ÌT L A R
S T A ÌE M E ÌÌÌ
ÓF
iN F A iff-W É L F A R É
WÓKK,
66
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
being done in the field designated.]
10 Formerly carried on in cooperation with Peter Brent Brigham Hospital and Instructive District
hairsmg Assn. Work transferred to management of Woman’s Municipal League.
11 Organizes classes for instruction of mothers in baby hygiene.
12 Maintains 3 pregnancy clinics in cooperation with the Boston Lying-in Hospital, the Maverick Dis
pensary, the Peter Brent Brigham Hospital, and the Neighborhood House, Cambridge. Nurses supplied
by Instructive District Nursing Assn.
13 Work of Brockton Milk and Baby Hygiene Assn, taken over by health department.
14Work recently organized.
16 Between mothers and nurses.
16In cooperation with Woman’s Municipal League, Boston.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
1.—Infant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Municipal................................... ..........
.......do.....................................................
Instructive District Nursing Assn.,
8 Forest Ave.
Municipal..............................................
District Nursing Assn., 374 Anawan St. 8
Union Hospital, social service depart
ment, 538 Prospect St.
Municipal..............................................
Visiting Nursing Assn., 336 Main S t...
Municipal...............................................
The Framingham Nursing, Relief, and
Anti-Tuberculosis Assn., South
Framingham.
Municipal............................................... f
Associated Charities.............................. r
Municipal................................... .’ .........
Gloucester DistrictNursing Assn., City
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
8
Municipal........................................ ......
Mothers’ Club 8...................................... (2) (s)
Greenfield Visiting Nurse Assn., 17
Federal St.
Municipal...............................................
Holyoke Infant Hygiene Assn., 34 }«3 «3
Sargeant St.
Municipal...............................................
Sanitary Milk Committee, 31 Jackson
St.
1
Lawrence City Mission......................... i ‘
Municipal1“." ........................................
....... d o.'...................................................
Lowell Guild, 17 Dutton St.................. 1
1
Municipal...."........................................
Day Nursery Assn, (baby clinic), 73
3
3
Blossom St.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Milk and Baby Hygiene Society, 84
Linden Ave.
Municipal...............................................
33
34
35
1
1
Fulltime. I
1
3
4
5
2
Doctors on staff.
788
6
8
8
343
2 72
72
125 82
Winter.
2
1
1
200
2
3
2
141
1
2
2
(i3)
1
(i°)
Medford Visiting Nurse Assn., 14
Salem St.
Municipal............................................... i . . .
Melrose Hospital................................... /
Municipal...............................................
....... do *...................................................
36
37
38
39
1 Supplied by R . B. Frost General Hospital.
2 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
8City employs nurse of Instructive District Nursing Assn, for care of eyes of newborn infants.
4 In cooperation with District Nursing Assn.
8 Services of district nurse secured when necessary.
* 5 drug-store substations to which milk is sent for distribution.
7 1 assistant and 1 helper, with salary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Part time.
Sum
mer.
Fulltime.
Nurses.
Part time.
Summer.
Num
ber.
[ Winter.
Agency.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
57
W ORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
being done in the field designated.]
Nurses.
ë
C
©O
©
m
1
£
o
a
©
GO
©
i
m
3
1
§
t
Q*
0
s
1
0
>>
rQ
M
fe
o*
3
Q<
City inspection of milk sup
11
1
©
Supporting an obs
clinic.
Part time.
2
i
JS
Part time.
Full time.
Winter.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
B y conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Fulltime.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
\
2
11
1
2
X
X
X
2
2
1
2
X
X
1
i
(6)
X
X
1
i
1
X
3
3
X
X
3
X
<10
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
»X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3X
X
X
X
2
2
1
2
X
X
X
3X
X
X
X
2
2
X
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
{l
X
X
(*)
X
X
(*)
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
{
.........J
l
X
11 X
X
X
ÍÍ X
X
2
X
X
2X
2
2
2
2
2
®4 in summer.
9 Sent out by board of health.
10 No information supplied.
u Cases are reported to Lowell Guild nurses.
is Services of tuberculosis nurse available for this work when necessary,
io Cooperation with family physician.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
X
{
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F ARE
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and prim
[Sign (X ) sign;
Infant-w<
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
MASSACHUSETTS—
continued.
1
2
New Bedford.
3
4
5
Newburyport.
Newton..........
6
7
8
9
North Adams.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Northampton.
Peabody..
Pittsfield..
Plymouth.
Quincy__
Revere___
Salem.......
17
18
Somerville..
19
Southbridge.
20
21
Springfield..
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Taunton..
Wakefield.
Waltham.
29
30
31
32
33
Watertown.
Webster___
34
35
Weymouth.
36
37
38
39
40
Winthrop.
W oburn...
Worcester.
41
42
Adrian..............
43
Alpena.
Westfield.
MICHIGAN.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Municipal...................... ............... . . . i
Instructive Nursing Assn., 202 Coffin
Bldg.
Municipal...............................................
___ do................................. ...... .............
Newton District Nursing Assn.,1New
ton Hospital.
Municipal..............................................
Visiting Nurse Aid Assn., 8 Spring St.
Municipal............................................ .
District Nurse Assn.......... .'----- .'.........
Municipal2............................... .............
___ d o................................. ...................
___ d o...... ............................................ .
. „ . . d o . 1.................................... ............
___ d o..............................1..........•____ ;
.......d o...............i ......... . . i . ___ . . . . . . . .
District Nurse Committee Of Woman’s
Friend Society, 12 Elm St.
Municipal....... ................. ....................
Somerville Visiting Nurse Assn., 1
■ Webster St.
Municipal.................... .— -................
Southbridge Visiting Nurse Assn., 18 (2)
Marcy St.
Municipal...............................................
Baby Feeding Assn.,2613 Main St.........
District Nurse Assn.,2 613J Main S t...
Municipal................ — .......... ..........
___ do.......... ..........................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 5 Avon St............
Municipal...............................................
Waltham District Nursing Assn.,
Main St.
Municipal1...........................................
.......do.................... ................................
District nurse, S. Slater & Sons, Inc.1. ..
Municipal...............................................
Westfield Visiting Nurse Assn., 13
Broad St.
Municipal...............................................
Weymouth Visiting Nurse Assn., 178
Pleasant St. SW.
Municipal....................'.........................
___ d o ....................................................
.......do...................................... ............ .
Clean Milk Stations Committee 8..........
Worcester Society for District Nursing,
27 Elm St.
357
>553
(2)
Municipal...............................................
Associated Charities, Lenawèe County
Bank Bldg.
Municipal...............................................
1 No information supplied.
2 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
8 Under 2 years of age.
8 General cooperation by physicians.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
59
WORK,
and towns having a 'population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
X
1
X
X
X
X
8
X
1
1»
1
X
2
(2)
1
2
(2)
1
1
2
(2)
(*)
1
(2)
1
2
1
X
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
i
8
1
X
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
«
Full time.
Part time.
Nurses.
1
9
2
(2)
Part time.
Fulltime.
X
Winter.
Prenatal
work.
1
X
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
In t he ir ow n
homes by nurses.
X
By
B y conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
X
Whole.
Milk dis
pensed,
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
•
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the held designated.]
X
1
2
X
X
3
4
5
X
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
X
X
X
X
2X
X
X
2X
X
X
17
18
X
19
20
X
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
X
X
X
X
5X
X
1
X
X
X
•
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
1
(8)
1
Ì
34
35
1
1
2
X
X
X
36
37
38
39
40
X
41
42
X
(8)
1
i
(8)
1
X
2X
X
X
8 Nurses furnished by Waltham District Nursing Assn.
8 Executive officer of board of health acts as chairman.
7 4 helpers.
8 Services of 10 general visiting nurses available when necessary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
29
30
31
32
33
43
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F ARE
T able 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and privc
[Sign (X ) sign
Infant-w<
Agency.
State and city.
Num
ber.
u|
MICHIGAN— contd.
1
2
Ann Arbor..............
3
4
5
Battle Creek.
Bay City.......
6
7
8
Detroit.
9
10
11
12
13
14
Escanaba.
Flint........
Grand Rapids.
15
16
17
18
19
20
Holland...
Ironwood.
21
Kalamazoo.
22
Ishpeming.
Jackson___
23
24
25
26
Lansing__
Manistee..
Marquette.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Menominee.
Muskegon...
34
35
36
Saginaw.............
Sault Ste. Marie.
Traverse C ity ...
37
38
Duluth.............
39
40
41
42
Mankato___
Pontiac.......
Port Huron.
Municipal.............................................
University of MichiganHospital, Circle
of King’s Daughters.
Municipal............... .T.........................,.
.......do............ .......... .............................
Civic League Free Dispensary and
Visiting Nurse Committee, 1009
Washington St.
Municipal (division of infant welfare).
Babies^Milk Fund, 924 Brush S t.........
Children’s Free Hospital, St. Antoine
St. and Farnsworth Ave.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 924 Brush St__
Municipal................. 1...........................
.......do.....................................................
Child Welfare Society........................ .'.
Municipal............ .'................................
Clinic for Infant Feeding, D. A. Blod
gett Home for Children, Louis and
Market Sts.
M unicipal............................................
.......do...................... ..............................
Oliver Mining Co. visiting nurse 4........
Municipal..'...■......................... ............
.......do...................... ..............................
Associated Charities, Wesley and Me
chanic Sts.
Municipal.............................................
Kalamazoo Civic I m p r o v e m e n t
League, 223 N. Park St.
Municipal................................ \............
..... d o .....................................................
.....d o .....................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., Room 26, Har
low Block.
Municipal............................... •.............
.......d o ....................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 101 Houston A v e.
Hackley Hospital............ ....................
Municipal...............................................
___ do.....................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., of St. Clair
County, 1416 Military St.
Municipal.................... .'..................... .
do.
.do.4.
1,413
1,523
1,395
190
921
(5)
20
MINNESOTA.
Minneapolis.
Municipal (division of child welfare).
Scottish Rite Masons, infant-welfare
department, Masonic Temple.
Municipal..............................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 129 S. Broad St.
Municipal............................................
Infant Welfare Society, 923 Plymouth
Bldg.
1 15 school nurses; 5 baby nurses.
* Use board of health clinics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
300
325
<8)
11 nurse; 1 assistant; employed by bi
1Work reported; Detailed informati
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
and towns having a population in 19'10 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
being done in the field designated.]
6
6
Number not supplied.
Those on stafl of Hackley Hospital.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Limited.
61
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e J..— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Winter.
6
4
4
2
1
1
1
1
Fulltime.
Fulltime.
1
Sum
mer.
Part time.
1
Nurses.
Doctors on staff.
Num
ber.
Winter.
Agency.
Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
CD
|
c3
Ph
MINNESOTA— COIltd.
1
2
3
St. Paul.................... ....... do*...................................................
St. Paul Baby Welfare Assn., Wilder
Bldg. ,
675
4
5
6
7
MISSISSIPPI,
Municipal...............................................
....... d o.....................................................
8
9
10
11
.......d o.....................................................
12
MISSOURI.
13
14
15
16
17
.......do.*...................................................
O
1
Q
Municipal (division of child hygiene).. 3 5 3 5
Institutional Church of North End,
1
1
milk station, 1115 Charlotte St.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Visiting Nurse Assn.,6115 Charlotte St.
1
(4)
3
1
1
311 » 1
2
1
Baby Welfare Assn.,1*Vanol Bldg........ 2
3
2
2
(4)
Kingdom House, 1033 S. Eighth St___ 13 1 13 1
1
140
3
St. Louis Pure Milk Commission,1* 14 7 14 7 151,026 12
2
1726 N. Thirteenth St.
Social service department, Washing
1
1
(4) 16 5 n i
ton University Hospital and the St.
Louis Children’s Hospital, Euclid
and Kingshighway.
St. Louis Visiting Nurse Assn.,1* 3908
Olive St.
Sedalia...................... Municipal...............................................
Springfield..... .........
Visiting Nurse Assn., Court House....... 1
77 ( 4)
Webb City...............
2
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Baby Welfare Assn.,* 2307 S. Sixth S t..
St. Joseph Visiting Nurse Assn.,10 220
N. Ninth St.
1
1
1
1
'Y
MONTANA.
36
37
Anaconda................. Municipal.................. ...........................
Billings.........T.........
Butte” ...................... ....... do............... .....................................
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
2 No information supplied.
8 3 for white babies; 2 for colored babies.
4 Number not supplied.
8 Special herd kept to supply milk to clinic babies.
8 Supervise the nurses of North End and Minute Circle milk stations and clinics.
* City appropriated 8500 toward expenses of Baby Welfare Assn.
8 Employ nurses of St. Joseph Visiting Nurse Assn, for this work.
8 In addition, 3 specialists.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T
1
2
17 1
2
|
1
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
63
W ORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
1
X
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Fulltime.
■ ¿è
¿3
P
Summer.
Part time.
Milk dis-'
pensed.
Modified.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
X
X
By
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
1
X
X
X
1
1X
1
XX
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.........
X
X
X
X
1
X
1
X
X
(ll)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
<»)
(»)
X
X
X
X
.1
2
(u)
X
X
X
1
XX
X
X
X
X
1
6X
XXX
X
X
1
X
X
X
10
X
•X
X
2
2
X
>X
XXX
io In cooperation with Baby Welfare Assn,
n Number of nurses not available.
i* St. Louis Visiting Nurse Assn, supplies nurses for Baby Welfare Assn, and St. Louis Pure Milk Com
mission.
10 Operated by St. Louis Pure Milk Commission.
>
11In addition, 1 infant feeding and instructive clinic at Kingdom House and 9 pure-milk distributing
stations.
is Number receiving milk at stations; number enrolled, 1,897.
is Total number, including physicians from hospitals, 25.
V In addition, 1 social worker and many volunteers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
64
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Doctors on staff.
35
2
Nurses.
Fulltime.
Winter.
Part time.
Fulltime.
Sum
mer.
Part time.
Num
ber.
Summer.
Agency.
j Winter.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
MONTANA—contd.
1
2
3
Great Falls............... Municipal.............................................
Helena......................
Missoula...................
4
5
6
7
8
9
Grand Island........... Municipal.............................................
Lincoln.....................
Charity Organization Society,8 228
S. Tenth St. '
Omaha...................... Municipal...............................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 408 City Hall.......
South Omaha.......... Municipal.............................’. ................
10
Reno......................... Municipal...............................................
11
12
Berlin.......................
13
14
Concord....................
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dover.......................
NEBRASKA.
1
8
NEVADA.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
21
22
23
24
Keene.......................
Laconia....................
Manchester..............
Nashua.....................
Portsmouth..............
NEW JERSEY.
Municipal...........................: ..................
Berlin Instructive District Nursing
Fund.
Municipal..............................................
Concord District Nursing Assn., Room
5, City Hall.
Municipal..............................................
District Nurse Assn., 171 Central Ave.
Municipal.................... .........................
.......do.<...................................................
.......do.8...................................................
Manchester District Nursing Assn.,
Beech and Merrimac Sts.
Infant Aid Assn.,8 118 Central St.........
Municipal...............................................
.......d o ............................... .....................
Portsmouth District Nursing Assn.,
29 Burkitt St.
1
1
3
300
266
4
4
1
5
4
e
25
26
Asbury Park............ Municipal...............................................
Day Nursery of Child Welfare Assn.,
907 Sewall Ave.
27 Atlantic City............ Municipal...............................................
•28
Organized Charities, 223 Guarantee
Trust Bldg.
29 Bayonne................... Municipal...............................................
30 Bloomfield...............
31
League for Friendly Service,7 36 Broad
St.
32 Bridgeton................. Municipal...............................................
33
City Nurse Committee,7 106 E. Com
merce St.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
1
(8)
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
8 City makes appropriation toward maintenance of nurse.
8 Classes held in Northside Neighborhood House.
* No information supplied.
1
2
2
....
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
65
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
City inspection of milk supply.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Nurses.
Full time.
Fulltime.
Prenatal
work.
Part time..
Winter.
Part time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e ir own
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number o f nurses.
Fulltime.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in the field designated.] *
1X
X
*
1
2
3
4
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
8
8
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
3X
1
1
i
1
i
1
i
X
1
1
i
1
5 Citi appropriates $300 towarc . experlses of Infa at Aid Assn.
6 Limited.
7 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service,
8Number not supplied.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7
8
9
X
10
X
11
12
X
13
14
X
X
4
X
6
1X
X
X
2
36248°— 16----- 5
X
X
15
16
17
18
19
20
X
21
22
23
24
X
25
26
1X
27
28
1X
6X
29
30
31
32
33
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORE,
-Infant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
IParttime.
Part time.
Winter.
| Fulltime.
Doctors on staff.
Sum
mer.
;
1
2
3
4
Nurses.
| Fulltime.
Summer.
Num
ber.
|Winter.
Agency.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
Visiting Nurse Society,19 Broadway..
1
2
1
2
212 (2)
124
1
5
1
133 (’ )
(7)
5
1
East Orange Aid to the Sick,3 11 N.
Munn Ave.
Milk stations, St. Elizabeth’s Hos
pital,8S. Broad St.
2
(7)
(7)
(7)
Children’s Relief and General Welfare 1
Society, Summit Ave.
J
(s)
i
1
9442
1
1 »«10
i
1
115
1
1
3
3
1,729
1
3 ....
Visiting Nurses’ Assn., 147 Bayard St...
1
1
"i"
10
208
7
1
1
Diet Kitchen of the Oranges,12 124
Essex Ave,
Visiting Nurses’ Assn, of Orange and
West Orange,15 24 Valley St.
2
2
14255
2
1
2
2
150
2
Municipal (division of child hygiene)..
1
Long Branch Visiting Nurse Assn.,
City Hall.
1
Central Bureau of Social Service, 27
South St.
TlahiAs Hnspit.al 5 427 High St,
3
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
Passaic Diet Kitchen Assn.,8115 Pas
saic St.
35
36
37
38
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
appropriation toward expenses of Visiting Nurse Society,
y physicians.
the East Orange Aid to the Sick assumed by the health department Apr. 16,
ration with that of the Baby Welfare Assn, of the Oranges,
of the Oranges.
iled information not available,
ity funds.
Í, 1914, to Feb. 15,1915.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N E A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
67
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 arid over, 1915—Continued.
11 Cooperates with division of child hygiene.
12 Affiliated, with Baby Welfare Assn, of the Oranges.
18Centralizing agency with which the following agencies are affiliated: Orange health department, Diet
Kitchen of the Oranges, Visiting Nurses’ Association of Orange and West Orange, the East Orange Aid
to the Sick, the South Orange Society for Lending Comforts to the Sick, Civic Committee of the
Woman’s Club.14 Under 2 years of age.
18 Figures for work in West Orange included with those for Orange. Work done in cooperation with
that of the Baby Welfare Assn, of the Oranges.
16 Aid of State department of health.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Nurses.
Part time.
Part time.
Winter.
| Fulltime.
Sum
mer.
j Fulltime.
Doctors on staff.,
Num
ber.
Winter.
Agency.
| Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
N E W JERSEY— COntd.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Plainfield (contd), . . Baby Clinic and Day Nursery.............
Charity Organization Society of Plainfield and North Plainfield, 323 Bab
■1
cock Bldg.
City Union of King’ s Daughters..........
Visiting Nurse Assn., 324 Babcock
Bldg.
1
South Orange 1......... Society for Lending Comforts to the
Sick, 2361 Vose Ave.
Phi Gamma Epsilon Society, 138 Al
len St.
8
9
10
11
12
2
1
29
2
1
49
1
2
114
4
4
1
1
2
2
N EW MEXICO.
13
N EW YORK.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
: #
2
Central Christian Mothers Union, 2
Ash Grove Place.
Municipal...............................................
Child Welfare Assn., 222 E. Main S t... } >
209
3
3
85
3
2
2
1 82 (6)
1
1
Rest Room Club, 107 Collier St............ U »1
Municipal............................................... 2
2
7
Babies*' Milk Dispensary of Buffalo,
7
181 Franklin St.
District Nursing Assn., 181 Frank
lin St.
(6)
329 ’ ¿ i ’
1,589
7
1
7
1
7
Child Welfare Assn...............................
State Charities Aid •Assn., Cohoes
Committee on Prevention of Tuber
culosis, City Hall.
2
1
51
(6)
io
io è’
2
28
29 (6) 12 1
Social Service Society........................... } »
29
30
31
32
2 2
16
Elmira Federation for Social Service.. } '
33
34
Women’
s
Auxiliary..............................
35
1
1
1
(6)
(6)
Women’ s Civic League.........................
36
37
38 Glens Falls...............
l Population under 10,000. Included in this table as having a part in the general plan of infant-welfare
WO] k in the Oranges.
2 Affiliated with Baby Welfare Assn, of the Oranges.
8 Between mothers and nurses,
4 loint Milk Committee of the Oranges.
e Figures for work in West Orange included with those for Orange. Work done in cooperation with
; of the Baby Welfare Assn, of the Oranges.
No information supplied.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
t a b u la e
s t a t e m e n t
of
in f a
N
t
-w
e l f
Ae e
w o e k
69
.
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
.
1
X
X
X
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
-------------------------:------------------------------------
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Part time.
Nurses,
2
1
3X
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
X
Part time.
X
Winter.
Full time.
Modified.
X
Summer.
Part time.
Whole.
X
Milk dis
pensed.
By. pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
X
and
X
classes
clubs.
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
X
By
By conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infanthygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantw el f ar e stations—
Number of nurses.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
1
1
X
X
1
13
X
X
X
X
X
X
(9)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
X
1
2
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
X
13
X
X
1111
3
1
12
17
X
X
X
X
X
10 X
X
{
8X
X
X
X
1
1
•
X
1
13
n 11
X
1
1
X
1
X
1
8X
{
X
X
7 Number for 1 station; second station not opened until June, 1915.
8 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
9 Room where mothers can rest and feed their babies. President of club weighs and examines babies
and gives advice to mothers and to expectant mothers. General cooperation by physicians.
10 Nurses provided by District Nursing Assn.
11 In addition to nurses attached to milk station maintained by Babies’ Milk Dispensary of Buffalo.
12In addition, 1 social-service worker and 2 volunteer nurses.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
70
TABULAR STATEMENT OP INFANT-WELFARE WORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that seme work is
Infant-welfare stations.
Num
ber.
State and city.
Nurses.
Agency.
>1 g
Sum
mer.
Winter.
3 P,
new yobk
— con td .
108
Child Welfare Committee,» City Hall
Municipal........................................
Day Nursery........................................
175
District Nurse Assn..............................
Municipal...............................................
Homell.
____d o ............................................ - - *- Hudson.
11
Civic Improvement League, 602 Gif
ford PI.
Municipal.......................................-- --Ithaca.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 512 Edgewood PI.
Ithaca Tuberculosis Committee, 222
E. State St.
Municipal........................................ .
Jamestown.
28
«1
Visiting Nurse Assn., New Market
Bldg.
Municipal..*..................................... --••
Johnstown.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 20 N. Melcher S t .
Municipal..............................................
Kingston......
....... do................................- ..................- (2)
Lackawanna.
....... d o............................... - ...................
Little Falls..
49
Fortnightly Club...................................
Municipal. ....... .......................... - - Lockport..........
....... d o...... ..............- .............................
Middletown---35
....... do............. ...................... - ..............
Mount Vernon.
....... d o.....................................................
New Rochelle..
59
»38,427
i»66 114
59
Municipal (bureau of child hygiene)8. .
New Y ork.......
Babies’ Welfare Assn, of New York
City,13Center and Walker Sts.
624
(Bronx and Manhat After Care Circle of Jewish Maternity
Hospital, 133 Clinton St.
tan Boroughs.)
636
Babies Dairy, 511W. Forty-first St—
Babies Hospital of the City of New
York, 135 E. Fifty-fifth St.
468
Bellevue and Allied Hospitals, social
service department.14 E. Twentysixth St. and First Ave.
Beth Israel Hospital, social service
29
department, Monroe, Jefferson, and
Cherry Sts.
Bethany Mission of Broadway Taber
30
nacle,» 455 Tenth Ave.
Bryson Day Nursery,2149 Avenue B ..
(i5) 18 7
Children’s Aid Society, 105 E . Twentysecond St.
Church
of
the
Sea
and
Land,
61
Henry
33
st.
Emanuel Chapel, 737 E . Sixth S t..._.
Fordham Hospital, social service de (18) (Ì8)
partment, Crotona Ave. and South
ern Blvd.
1,300 14
Free
Out-Door Maternity Clinic, 216
36
E . Seventy-sixth St.
1 Work now carried on by Child Welfare Committee formerly distributed between Metropolitan Life
Insurance nurse, visiting nurse employed by Women’ s Club, and the tuberculosis nurse.
2 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
_ .
_ ,
. . ~
...
3 Time in station paid by board of health; nurses supplied by Ithaca Tuberculosis Committee.
4 Portion of nurse’s time given to service in municipal milk station in summer.
, , ... .. .
5 Appropriation made by common council of the city board paying salary of 1 nurse employed by Visiting
Nurse Assn. Nurse gives part time to station, which is open 2 afternoons a week.
3July, 1914, to February, 1915.
Glens Falls (contd)
Gloversville............
s ThAbureau of chM hygiene^cooperates with every private agency whose work it in any way touches.
» Under 2 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
71
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
being done in the field designated.]
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Milk dis
pensed.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Summer.
Winter.
Prenatal
work.
Nurses.
ti
It
*rH
«a
CO
+» 2
tío
IH »tí
1
*1
(5)
»3
(2)
1
1
72
(2)
(2)
(2)
» 200
50
(12)
29
30
17X
33
X
X
X
36
10 In summer; number in winter, 18.
, 11 School nurses.
12 Nurses follow up all cases reported by midwives.
is Composed of 80 organizations whose work touches directly or indirectly upon the welfare of babies.
Acts as a clearing house in facilitating cooperation among all infant-welfare agencies.
14 Work carried on by Fordham Hospital.
15 Not available for infants under 1 year of age.
16 In summer; in winter, 1.
17 Between mothers and nurses.
18 See Bellevue and Allied Hospitals.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP I N E A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Infant-welfare stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
Nurses.
Sum
mer.
n ew york—
1
2
Winter.
co n td .
New York—Contd.
(Bronxand Manhat
tan B o r o u g h s —
Continued).
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Good Samaritan Dispensary, Essex
and Broome Sts.
Gouvemeur Hospital, social service
department, foot of Gouvemeur St.
Harlem Hospital, visiting nurse de
partment,2 One hundred and thirtysixth St. and Lenox Aye.
Henry Street Settlement, $265Henry St.
Lebanon Hospital, social service de
partment, Westchester and Caldwell
Aves.
Little Missionaries’ Day Nursery,2 93
St. Mark’s Place.
Madison Square Church House,2 432
Third Ave.
Manhattan Maternity and Dispensary,
327 E . Sixtieth St.
Manhattanville Nursery Assn.,2 401
W. One hundred and twentyseventh St.
Metropolitan Hospital, Blackwell’s
Island.
Mount Sinai Hospital, social service
department, One hundredth St. and
Firth Ave.
Nathan Straus Pasteurized Milk Lab
oratories, 348 E . Thirty-second St.
New York Assn, for Improving the
Condition of the Poor, 105 E.
Twenty-second St.
New York City Mission Society,
Woman’s Branch, 105 E.' Twentysecond St.
New York Diet Kitchen Assn., 1 West
Thirty-fourth St.
New York Dispensary, 34 Spring St. .
New York Hospital,9 8 W. Six
teenth St.
New York Medical College and Hos
pital for Women, social service de
partment, 191 W. One hundred
and first St.
New York Milk Committee Health
Center, 119 Washington St.
New York Nursery and Child’s Hos
pital, 161 W. Sixty-first St.
New York Post Graduate Hospital,
Twentieth St. and Second Ave.
The Presbyterian Hospital, visiting
nurse department,2 Seventieth St.
and Madison Ave.
Recreation Room and Settlement,
186 Chrystie St.
680
3518
573
3349
3 4 ,9 0 0
C1)
C1)
(‘ )
C1)
1Number not supplied.
2 Work reported. Detailed, information not available.
8 Under 2 years of age.
4 Includes 1 social worker.
6 Services of student nurses available.
6 Pasteurized milk laboratories.
C1)
0)
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
Y3
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued.
7 Between physicians and mothers only.
8 In addition, 9 matrons and 7 assistant matrons. Some assistance by health-department nurses in
summer.
» Work with children is simply in connection with wards and clinics of the hospital and is one -branch
of the social service department.
1» Woman physician who cooperates with New York Diet Kitchen Assn.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
74
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Nurses.
Fulltime.
Winter.
Part time.
Fulltime.
Sum
mer.
Part time.
Doctors on staff.
Num
ber.
|Winter.
Agency.
1Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
NEW YORK—COntd.
New York—Contd. Riverdale Health League, 254 River(Bronx and Manhat
dale Ave., Riverdale.
tan B o r o u g h s — St. Luke’s Hospital, social service
2
Continued).!
department, One hundred and
thirteenth St.
3
St. Thomas’ Chapel,1 230 E. Six
tieth St.
4
Sloane Hospital for Women, social
service department, Fifty-ninth St.
and Tenth Ave.
5
Sunnyside Day Nursery, 221 E. One
hundred and fourth St.
6
Washington Heights Hospital, social
service department,1 554 W. One
hundred and sixty-fifth St.
7 (Brooklyn Borough) Brooklyn Children’s Aid Society,1
72 Scnermerhorn St.
8
Brooklyn Hospital, social service de
partment, De Kalb Ave. and Ray
mond St.
9
Brooklyn Bureau of Charities, district
nursing committee, 80 Schermer-horn St.
10
Greenpoint Settlement, 85 Java St___
11
12
Little Italy Neighborhood House,1
146 Union St.
13
Long Island College Hospital,1 Henry
St.
14
St. Christopher’s Hospital for Babies,
283 Hicks St.
15
Williamsburg Hospital, social service
department, Bedford Ave. and
S. Third St.
16
Willow Chapel House, 27 Columbia PL 1
1
17
1 ....
18
1
19
20
Infant Welfare Society............... ......... 1
21 Ogdensburg.............
C1) w
22 Olean.......7..............
23
Olean Visiting Nurse Assn., 457 N.
1
Union St.
24
i1)
25
26 Oswego.....................
27
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., visit. ,ing nurse, 100 E. First St.
28
29
1
Associated Charities, infant-welfare
committee.
30 Plattsburg...............
1
1
31 Port Chester............ ....... do A .................................. ■___ ____
32
Woman’s Club,138 Broad St................
3
i
33 Poughkeepsie..........
34 Rensselaer................
1
}*
205
1
146 (3)
1
160
(4)
(4)
6 101
(3)
«97
81
21
1
1
1
1
1 ....
1
2
2
C1)
0)
(3)
1
(3)
1
1
1
1
(4)
4
3
1
2
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
* Assists nurses in health department station in Greenpoint in work among Polish mothers.
8 General cooperation by physicians. »
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
75
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
i
2
2
2
33
33
28
1
1
X
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
X
X
X
X~
1
1
X
i Part time.
Nurses.
X
X
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Full time.
Winter.
Part time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
. hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in the field designated.]
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
;c>
0)
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
.'X
1X
X
X
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
if
(0
i
1
4 Number not supplied.
5 From Cct. 1,1914, to Apr. 27,1915.
6 From July 27,1914, to Apr. 27,1915.
X
X
X
Ÿ6
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
ÓF
Î N F A N T -W Ë L E AR E
W Ó ftK .
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare worTc by municipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
53
fa
j Part time.
<D
a
Winter.
1 Fulltime.
Sum
mer.
| Part time. |
j Doctors on staff.
Nurses. *
Rochester General Hospital, social
service department.
2,351
C1)
17
1
l
1
3 'T
1
200
(>)
850
83
2
(2)
8
(2)
2
5
8
1
3
434
8
3
45
1
4 71,097
14
1
;
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
1 'T
;
York—contd.
1
2
3 «
new
| Winter.
Num
ber.
Agency.
J Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
' Infant-welfare stations.
....... d o .....................................................
Infant Welfare Assn., 600 E . Genesee St.
Solvay Infant Welfare Assn., 600 E.
Genesee St.
Visiting Nurse Assn, of Syracuse, 511
S. Warren St.
10
11
2
3
1
Instructive District Nursing Assn.,1600 Seventh Ave.
12
13
Baby Welfare Committee of Utica,
511 Varick St.
14
15
3
2
Bureau of Charities and Society for
Prevention of Cruelty to Children, } . . .
224 Massey Ave.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 113 Park P I....... f
16
17
18
19
1
White Plains Nursing Assn.,853 Ham
ilton Ave.
20
21
22
Yonkers Homeopathic and Maternity
Hospital.2
}*
1
4
4
NORTH CAROLINA.
23
24
Flower Mission and Associated Chari
ties and Free Medical Dispensary.
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
1
1
24
3
Associated Charities.............................. 1
Proximity Manufacturing Co., welfare
department, White Oak Mills.
r :
Wilmington............. ....... do.*................................................... l
King’s Daughters.................................. 1
NORTH DAKOTA.
36
37
Associated Charities of Fargo, City
Ha.ll.
38
39
Associated Charities,2 City H a ll..........
1 Number not supplied.
2 No information supplied.
3 In summer; 1 in winter.
4 Board of Education in cooperation with Baby Welfare Committee of Utica.
8 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
1
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
77
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7
'7
7
4
4
4
3
X
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Part time.
8
2
5
38
1
X
X
X
Nurses.
1
X
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
X
X
X
Prenatal
work.
Fulltime.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.,
Whole.
x
x
x
x
Milk dis
pensed.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
X
X
X
X
and
x
X
classes
clubs.
In t h e i r ow n
homes by nurses.
X
X
By
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
b y nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
N umber of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
X
X
X
X
X
4X
4X
5X
X
X
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0)
1
(6)
1
(6)
12
12
<5>
1
Cs)
X
X
x
X
16
17
18
19
X
1
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
6X
X
•
.........1
.........1
f20
121
22
X
X
X
« Supplies milk for municipal stations, furnishes physicians for clinics, organizes Little Mothers’ Leagues.
i Under 2 years of age.
* Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service. Work reported. Detailed
information not available.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
78
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities.
[Sign ( X ) signifies t hat some work is
Part time.
(2)
Winter
| Fulltime.
(2)
Sum
mer.
Part time. |
1
Doctors on staff.
1
Nurses.
| Fulltime.
Num
ber.
I Winter.
Agency.
| Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
OHIO.
1
2
George T. Perkins Visiting Nurse
Assn., 269 South High St.
Mary Day Nursery,2 Central Office
Bldg.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4
4
■ (*)
Ashtabula................
Bellaire................
Public Health League, Room 8 ,1. 0 .
0 . F. Bldg.
Canton......................
Ross County Anti-Tuberculosis So L
1
ciety, 121 W . Main St.
9
Municipal (child hygiene division)..
2 ~2
Children’s Clinic of the Ohio-Miami
Medical College,4McMicken and Elm
Sts.
,
Hospital Social Service Assn., Cincin
nati Hospital.
(6) (6)
Maternity Society of the Protestant
Episcopal Church,7 220 W. Seventh
St.
1
1
1
Union Bethel Settlement, 501E . Third
St.
Visiting Nurse Assn, of Cincinnati,
220 W. Seventh St.
Municipal (bureau of child hygiene),
16
2500 E. Thirty-fifth St.
Babies’ Dispensary and Hospital------ l 16
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
758
557
11 314
14
4
3
(8)
92
2
1
6,525 1022 »38
38
11
11
6 1612
1610
St. Luke’s Hospital, 6606 Carnegie
Ave. SE.
Visiting Nurse Assn, of Cleveland, 612
St. Clair Ave. NE.
Western Reserve Maternity Dispen
sary (Lakeside Hospital), 3509 E.
Thirty-fifth St. SE.
24
25
26
27
28
Instructive District Nursing Assn.......
West Side Social Center,73 511 W.
Broad St.
29
30
31
32
33
h
6
6
1,105
1 Hl,526
Visiting Nurse Assn., 127 S. Ludlow
} 5
St.. .
5
East Liverpool........
Findlay..................
1 No information supplied.
2 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
1
« CooperatesSclosely with Maternity Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church; supplies nursing
service for out-patient department, Cincinnati Hospital. .
.
.. , „ ,,
6 Nursing service supplied by Children’s Clinic of the Ohio-Miami Medical College.
s Furnishes room for one of municipal stations.
:
.
, _ . , '
f i n imr.»i Nurses under supervision of Visiting Nurse Assn, of Cincinnati; cooperates closely with Children s
Clinic of the Ohio-Miami Medical College.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
79
WORK,
and towns having a 'population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
X
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Fulltime.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
X
classes
clubs.
In t h e i r o w n
homes b y nurses.
X
By
By conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
1 Full time.
Infant-welfare stations--Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene ip homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
1
2
3
2X
1
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
2X
1
X
9
10
11
12
2
X
X
X
(5)
(5)
4
5
6
7
8
1
X
X
X
13
14
15
X
16
17
X
X
1
X
11
X
X
X
X
X
X
(12)
35
7
X
X
X
....... 1
X
i
X
X
.........i......... 1.........
19
35
7
1
X
X
35
2
21
22
23
24
X
25
X
X
12
X
X
26
27
28
29
30
X
X
8 Number not supplied.
9 Resident; including nonresident, 9.
10 2 additional during 3 months.
11 7 additional during 3 months.
18 By internes and student nurses.
15 Provides a room for one of the babies’ clinics of the Instructive District Nursing Assn,
14 Under 2 years of age.
J®In addition, a visiting housekeeper is employed.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
X
11
X
X
1
18
X
20
38
(12)
X
X
U
h
2X
31
32
33
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L P ARE
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and privat
[Sign (X ) signif
Infant-wel
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
a£
ss a
om o—continued.
1
2
Hamilton...............
3
4
5
6
7
Ironton___
Lakewood.
8
9
Lima.
Lancaster.
10
11
Lorain___
Mansfield.
13
14
15
Marietta.
Marion...
12
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Massillon—
Middletown.
Newark.......
Norwood___
Piqua..........
Portsmouth.
Sandusky...
Springfield..
27
28
29
30
Steubenville.
Tiffin............
Toledo..........
31
32
33
Warren.........
Youngstown.
34
35
36
Zanesville.
37
38
39
40
41
Chickasha.
Enid.........
Guthrie. ..
McAlester.
Municipal............................................. ■
Federated Charities,1 327 S. Second
St.
Municipal.............................................
___d o........ ...................... ...................
Visiting Nurse Assn.2.........................
M unicipal...........................................
Anti-Tuberculosis Society, 140 K im
Bldg.
Municipal..............................................
Instructive Visiting Nurse Assn., 817
E. Elm St.
Municipal.................................... -----___ do....................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn.......... ..............
Municipal...............................................
.......do.......... . .........................................
City Federation of Women’s Clubs, 301
S. State St.
King’s Daughters— .................... ......
Municipal...........................................
.......d o . . . . . . . . . .............. ........................
Social Service Bureau, 512 E. Third St.
Municipal...............................................
.......d o.................................................... .......d o........ ................. i , ......... .
.......d o.................................................... .......d o ................................................. --.......d o ........ ............................................
Babies’ Milk Dispensary and Fresh Air
Camp, 353 E . High St.
Municipal...............................................
.......d o ......... ...........................................
.......d o . . . .......................... - .............. .
Toledo District Nurse Assn., 1517 Mon
roe St.
Municipal....... .......................................
. . . .d a .......... ...................- ..........- ........
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., East
Youngstown.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 102 E. Front S t..
Youqgstown Hospital Dispensary,
Francis St.
Municipal.......... ........... - ........- .............
110
7 244
300
OKLAHOMA.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Municipal..................................5—
___do.................... . ..........................
___d o................................................
___d o ................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn.1.......................
1 No information supplied.
2 Work conducted by Visiting Nurse Assn, of Cleveland.
8 Between mothers and nurses.
t w ork reported. Detailed information not available.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
81
WORK.
and towns having a 'population;in 1910 c f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
n©
d
,f3
o
a
Summer.
Part time.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r ow n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
X
X
X
( 8)
X
X
1
1
1
4X
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
1
X
1
X
1
1
X
X
X
.
X
X
X
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-X
X
1
1
1
1
12
X
X
X
X
X
XX
1
1
XX :
X
1'
X
XX
1
1
8
8
X
7
X
X
X
5 From Apr. 1 to June 30,1915.
6 Number not supplied.
7 From Jan. 1 to Apr. 1,1915,
36248°— 16------ 6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36
82
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK,
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Nurses.
Sum
mer.
J Pulltime.
I Fulltime.
Part time. J
Winter.
Part time, j
,
Doctors òn staff.
Num
ber.
I Winter.
Agency.
| Summer.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
OKLAHOMA —COntd.
1
2
3
4
5
.......do."...................................................
OREGON.
M'unicipal...............................................
.......d or...................................................
6
7
PENNSYLVANIA.
8
9
.......do."...................................................
East Side Sunshine Society, 507 Second
St.
10
11
12
.......d o.....................................................
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
.......d o .....................................................
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
....... do.1 ........................ ........................
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
St. John’s Lutheran Church, 330 Perry
St.
Municipal...............................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 522 German St.
1
Visiting Nurse Assn., 1109 Green S t . ..
1
1
240 (4)
5
2
1
3
1
(4)
4
United Charities of Hazleton, 17 S.
Wyoming St.
Johnstown....... ........
41
42
43
44
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Associated Charities of Greater Johns
town. 3 Harman Bldg.
2
40
Visiting Nurse Assn., City Hall...........!...
i No information supplied.
s Work reported. Detailed information not available.
8 Additional nurses employed from time to tinte.
* Number not supplied.
1
___1___
TABULAR
S T A T E M E N T 1 OF
I N F A N T -W E L F ARE
83
WORK,
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
1
1
1
City inspection of milk supply.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Fulltime.
Part time.
Winter.
Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors,mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—-Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiène in homes
• by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
being done in the field designated.]
1
X
1
2
X
3
4
5
6
7
(2)
(2)
1
X
1
2X
1
8
9
10
11
12
1
1
X
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
X
20
21
22
31
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
31
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
i
1
X
X
1
4
X
23
24
25
26
27
28,
29
1
1
38
39
40
1
X
.........
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
1
1
i
1 .......
i
i 1
X
X
41.
42
43
44
5 Formerly South Sharon.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— I n f ant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in citiei
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
PENNSYLVANIA—
co n tin u e d .
Sum
mer.
©
|
D
j Part time.
Winter.
Part time.
Doctors on staff.
Nurses.
Fulltime.
Summer.
Num
ber.
j Winter.
Agency.
State and city.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
'
1
2
.......d o.....................................................
3
4
5
Visiting Nurse Assn., 691 Highland
Ave.
6
7
8
9
10
11
....
....
Visiting Nurse Assn.,3 319 Minter Ave.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
North Braddock___
Oil City_______ . . . .
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
•
Associated Charities, 325 Swede S t ___
Municipal (division of child hygiene).. 4 4 4 4
Babies’ Welfare Assn.,3 City H a ll.......
Child Federation,7 Weightman B ldg.. 3 1 3 1
Babies’ Hospital, 609 Addison S t ....... n 2 112
Henry Phipps Institute,12Seventh and
Lombard Sts.
Baptist Settlement House, 1156 Pass1 1
yunk Ave.
Children’s Homeopathic Hospital,
1 1
Franklin and Thompson Sts.
Children’s Hospital, social service de 13 1 131
partment, 210 S. Van Pelt St.
Cohocksink Mothers’ Club, school1
1
house, Fourth St. and Montgomery
Ave.
Community House,15 1530 S. Second
Douglas Hospital, social service de
partment, 1530 Lombard St.
Episcopal Hospital, social service department,’ Front St. and Lehigh Ave.
Frankford Hospital, social service de
partment, Frankford and Wakeling
Sts.
Friends’ Neighborhood Guild,15Fourth
and Green Sts.
Hahnemann Hospital, social service
department, Fifteenth and Race Sts.
Howard Hospital, social service de
partment, Broad and Catherine Sts.
(3)
235
289
(«)
500
100
(8)
18
18
92
3 "i
2 9'2
2 3 ’Y
1
31
1
1
6
6
7
(!4)
(14)
2
(14)
(!4)
*
(]5)
(15)
1
l iVork reported. Detailed information not available,
2 limited. B y volunteer inspectors.
8 STo information supplied.
4 Prophylactic clinics. Held once a week in winter; every day in summer.
6 Mginally conducted as an experiment by the Child Federation; now part of the school curriculum.
6 Centralizing agency, composed of organizations interested in the care of babies and children, and having
for ts purpose the avoidance of duplication of work and the formulation of a comprehensive program of
bat y work.
7 formerly the Child Hygiene Committee.
As reorganized, its purpose is actively to advance, b y original
anç constructive methods, the best interests of babies and children in Philadelphia,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK,
85
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
being done in the field designated.]
8 Experimental health center.
9 Designated as field workers; in addition, 1 stenographer, 1 interpreter, and 1 caretaker.
10
Milk not dispensed, but sanitary inspection made of all milk shops in 25 city blocks surrounding the
center.
111 prophylactic, 1 “ sick” clinic.
12Cooperates with Babies’ Hospital in prenatal work.
13Health clinic.
14 General nursing staff.
45 Work in charge of city nurses.
16 Social worker with medical training.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
STATEM ENT
OP
I N P A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
— Infant-w elfare work by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Jeflerson Hospital, social service de
partment, Tenth and Sansom Sts.
Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, social
service department, Eighteenth and
Cherry Sts.
Methodist Episcopal Deaconesses’
1
Home, 611 Vine St.
1
Mothers’ Community House, 1401
S. Front St.
Mt. Sinai Hospital, Fifth and Reed Sts. 1
Osteopathic Society, 410 S. Ninth St.
2
Pennsylvania Hospital, social service
department,4 Eighth and Spruce
Sts.
Philadelphia General Hospital, social
service department, Thirty-fourth
and Pine Sts.
Polyclinic Hospital, social service de
partment,4 Eighteenth and Lom
bard Sts.
Presbyterian Hospital, social service
1
department, Thirty-ninth and Fil
bert Sts.
Roosevelt Hospital, social service de
1
partment, 710 N. Fifth St.
Samaritan Hospital, social service de
partment, 3403 N. Broad St.
St. Christopher’s Hospital for Chil
1
dren, social service department,
Lawrence and Huntington Sts.
Southwark Neighborhopd House,4
101 Ellsworth St.
Starr Center Assn., 725 Lombard St... 1
University of Pennsylvania Settle
1
ment House, Twenty-sixth and
Lombard Sts.
University of Pennsylvania Hospital,
social service department, Thirtyfourth and Spruce Sts.
Visiting Nurse Society of Philadel
phia, 1340 Lombard St.
west Philadelphia Hospital for
Women, social service department,
4035 Parrish St.
Woman’s Hospital, social service de
1
partment, 2137 N. College Ave.
Woman’s Southern Homeopathic Hos
pital, social service department, 739
S. Broad St.
Municipal1.................. ..........................
Municipal (bureau of child welfare)... 20
Babies Dispensary of the Tuberculo
2
sis League, 2857 Bedford Ave.
Pittsburgh Maternity Dispensary,9
3406 Fifth Ave.
1
G)
1
1
1
1
m m
2
2
1
2
145
50
2
3
1
5263
1
(3)
(»)
1
400
4
3
3
1
1
5 805
25
2
3
3
1
3
1
1
(7)
6
1
1
7
2
2,771
3,000
10
2
15
4
4
No information supplied.
Between mothers and nurses.
General nursing staff.
Work reported. Detailed information not available.
Under 2 years of age.
(3)
i
1
4 (*)
T
| Part time, j
Part time.
Winter.
I Fulltime.
s
Sum
mer.
1 Fulltime.
©
Nurses.
1 Doctors on staff.
Num
ber.
I Summer.
Agency.
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
15
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
87
WORK,
and towns having a 'population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
f
1
X
( 4)
X
0 )
(0
1
1
X
X
X
X
l
I
X
X
1
( 6)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
City inspection of milk supply.
X
X
1
(0 )
(* )
1
(«)
X
(8 )
( 6)
( 7)
91
X
( 4)
X
X
X.
( 4)
X
1
X
X
X
X
1
X
X
X
( 3)
X
~X .
1
2
1
( 4)
X
1
.
X
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness,
X
1
1
X
X
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
1
1
X
2X
Nurses.
Part time.
Full time.
1
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Winter.
Part time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Whole.
Milk dis
pensed.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Little Mothers' Leagues or classes.
j
being done in the field designated.]
( 3)
X
( 7)
X
15
X
X
l
4
9X
6 Work incidental to general nursing work.
7 Number not supplied.
8 Social worker.
9 Maintains prenatal clinic in 8 different sections of the city.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
»I
91
X
X
X
88
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T able 1.— Infant-welfare work by municipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Infant-welfare stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
H
U
9
fH
03 .
0
to
bi
SD
3
03 C
■si
| g
<3 fH
<u
a
a .a
a
GQ k
P Q<
zìi o
$r
1
Nurses.
Sum
mer.
d
03
"m
p
O
u
O
1
8
ft
fi
Winter.
9
9
1
|
4-»
■Cg3
Ph
9
|
u
03
ft
PENNSYLVANIA—
continued.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
P ittston.................. Municipal...............................................
Visiting Nurse Assn, of Pittston and
West Pittston, 59J S. Main St.
•
Plymouth................. Municipal.................... ...................'....
Pottstown...............
Pottsville.........l ___
Reading....................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 4291 Walnut St. 2 4 2 1
Scranton................... Municipal...............................................
Shamokin.................
Shamokin Visiting Nurse Assn., 800
E. Sunbury St.
Municipal8.............................................
Sharon................. .
Shenandoah.............
South Bethlehem... ....... do................................ .....................
Steelton.................... ....... do................................... ..................
Civic Club..............................................
Sunbury................... •Municipal...............................................
Organized Charity Committee 4..........
Uniontown............... Municipal...............................................
Washington..............
West Chester............
Wilkes-Barre.......... .
41
42
43
12
6
6
6
6
Visiting Nurse Assn., 40 N. Washing
ton St.
Municipal..............................................
2
2
194
(?)
Visiting Nurse Assn., 800 E. Market St.
1
1
125
2
Central Falls........... Municipal...............................................
Cranston
( p o s t - ....... d o ...........................................
office, Providence).
CranstoD Anti-Tuberculosis Assn., 49
Nichols St.
Municipal..............................................
1
1
District Nursing and Anti-Tubercu
losis Assn., 18 Taunton Ave.
1
1
(5)
1
Associated Charities, 209 Oak Hall___
Visiting Nurse Assn., 209 Oak Hall___
Municipal (division of child hygiene)..
Providence District Nursing Assn., 109
' Washington St.
Baby Welfare Committee®...................1]■
Warwick.................. Muhieinal3.... ........................ .............. 1
Warwick Health League, A ppon aug.J....
1
1
301
8217
2
1
York___T..................
RHODE ISLAND.
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
202
3
2
2
2
2
2
Newport Hospital, visiting nurse de
partment.
5 82,980 (6)
1
1
P6
I9
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
2 Station open one afternodn each week.
3 No information supplied.
4 Provides milk for poor and sick babies. Mothers given instruction. No nurses.
6 Number not supplied.
8 For period of 8 months.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
1
2
7
TABULAE
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
89
WORK,
and towns having a -population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued.
X
X
3
1
1
1
1
.City inspection of milk supply.
Part time.
Nurses.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Full time.
3
X
Winter.
Part time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in the field designated.]
1
2
3
X
X
X
1X
1X
X
X
1
J
X
1
X
X
X ■
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5
X
3
X
2
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
3
7
1
1
24
25
26
27
X
28
29
30
X
31
32
33
X
34
35
X
36
37
38
39
40
X
1
1
X
X
X
1
X
X
X
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
1X
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
1X
X '
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
X
41
42
43
7 Includes 2 school nurses.
8Age not specified.
•Composed of representatives from the health department, Providence District Nursing Assn., Provi
dence branch, Congress of Mothers, Council of Jewish Women, Immigration Education Assn.., and Fed
eral Hill Assn.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
ÔE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
T a b l e 1.— Infant-welfare ivorlc by m unicipal and private a
[Sign (X ) signifies
Infant-welfare
Agency.
State and city.
Num
ber.
« g
RHODE ISLAND— COn.
1
Woonsocket.............
2
Municipal..............................................
Woonsocket Anti-Tuberculosis Assn,
and District Nursing Assn., 194 Main
St.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
3
4
5
Charleston.
Columbia..
6
Greenville.
8
Spartanburg.........
7
9
Municipal............................................
___ d o...................................................
Columbia Children’s Clinic1...............
Municipal................................ . . . ........
Children’s Charity Circle,2406 Arling
ton Ave.
Municipal......................... . ..................
Health League...................................
SOUTH DAKOTA.
10
Aberdeen..
Sioux Falls.
12
Chattanooga.
Jackson..'__
Knoxville...
n
Municipal.
___ d o___
TENNESSEE.
13
14
15
16
17
18
Memphis..
Nashville.
Municipal........................... ..................
___ do................................... .................
___ d o.....................................................
Child’s Free Clinic5..............................
Municipal........................... ...................
Associated Charities.............................
Municipal (bureau of infant welfare)..
( 6)
2,309
(6)
TEXAS.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Municipal..... .........................................
___ do.................... ............ ..................
___ d o ....................................................
___ do. *...................................................
___d o............. .'.............. ......................
Infants’ Welfare and Milk Assn, of
Dallas, 1307 Southerstone Life Bldg.
Municipal8.............................................
Denison.
.......d o.....................................................
El Paso.
Woman’s Charity Assn.,8405 S. Camp
bell St.
Municipal............................................. .
Fort Worth.
Visiting Nurse Assn.8..........................
Municipal.............................................
Galveston.
.......d o....................................................
Houston..
»250 10
Houston Settlement Assn.; 61 Gabel St.
Social Service Federation, Court
house.
Municipal.............................................
Laredo...
.......do......................... ..........................
Marshall.
Civic C lub8 .........................................
Municipal.............................. ..............
Palestine.
.......do.............................. ....................
Paris.......
1 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
* Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Servi
8 Services discontinued.
< By school nurse.
6 Children under 12 years of age icceived.
Austin.........
Beaumont..
Brownsville.
Cleburne___
Dallas..........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
91
WORK.
and towns having a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
1
1
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Whiter.
Full time.
Part time.
Modified.
Full time.
Summer.
Prenatal
work.
.Full time.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Part time.
Infant-welfare stations—-Continued.
City inspection of milk supply.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantw e l f a r e stations—
Number of nurses.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
*
Part time.
being done in the field designated.]
X
1
1X
1X
(l)
(l)
1
1
31
1
X
1X
31
4X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3 Ì
/ X
X
1
4
X
f ...
1
X
X
X
X
i
2
3
4
5
II
8
9
1X
10
11
X
X
X
12
X
X
X
X
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
X
X
X
X
2
X
1
X
X
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
X
1
2
1X
23
24
X
25
26
27
1X
2
;
2
2J
X
X
X
X
X
1X
1X
i x
X
1
8 Number not supplied.
7 Includes 6 school nurses.
8 No information supplied.
8 Age not specified.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
92
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
IN F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T a b l e 1.— Infant-w elfare worh by m unicipal and private agencies in cities
[Sign (X ) signifies that some work is
Agency.
Doctors on staff.
State and city
Infants under 1 year cared
for previous year.
Infant-welfare stations.
©
J
*-+-3
(3)
11
6
125
1
2
3
2
(3)
2
4 65
4 85
1
(3)'
1
1
1
Num
ber.
<3
a
Sh
m
£
Nurses.
Sum
mer.
fi
Winter.
©
a •I
+M
3
& P
Ph fi
©
a
+2
a
Ph
Texas —continued.
1
7
San Angelo............... Municipal......................... .....................
.......d o......................................................
....... do.1...................................................
Temple.....................
Texarkana2.............. .......d o.......... $..........................................
.......do.1..................... .............................
.......do.1...................................................
8
Ogden......................
2
3
4
5
6
UTAH.
Municipal...............................................
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
5
1
1
1
King’ s D aughters V isiting N urse Assn.,
314 W . Freemason St.
I 2
Petersburg............... Municipal...................... ........................
Portsmouth.............. ....... do.1'........................ ..........................
Richmond................ ....... d o.....................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 223 S. Cherry St.
Roanoke................... Municipal......................................”. ___
Staunton.................. ....... do.*...................................................
Community Welfare League................
WASHINGTON.
VERMONT.
Neighborhood House1..........................
Municipal...............................................
.......do.*...................................................
Visiting Nurse Assn., 174 Pearl S t .......
Rutland.................... Municipal...............................................
Missionary Assn., Mead Bldg...............
VIRGINIA.
1
Municipal...............................................
Instructive Visiting Nurse Society1 ...
Danville................... Municipal..................................... I........
The Ministering Circle of King’s
Daughters, 101 Mount Vernon Ave.
Wesley House,1Upper St.....................
Municipal___.'... T.*...... ........................
Newport News....... . ....... dov...... ............................................
Aberdeen................. Municipal...............................................
Bellingham.............. ....... da*............. .....................................
Everett.....................
Snohomish County public health
nurse, county commissioner’s office.
North Yakima......... Municipal...............................................
Seattle...................... Municipal (child welfare division) i ...
Deaconess Settlement, 1519 Rainier
Ave.
Fruit and Flower Mission, 52 Cobb
Bldg.
!■
King County public health nurse,8
510 Cobb Bldg.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 No information supplied.
* See Texarkana, Ark.
8 Number not supplied.
* 1 regular; 2 additional when needed.
TABULAß
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F ARE
93
WORK,
and tovms heaving a population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915— Continued,
being done in the field designated.]
0
ë
•S
■4-i
1
fe
©*
1
&
ii
0
3
M
CD
¡3
o
<D
3
City inspection of milk supp!
Part time.
Nurses.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Part time.
Winter.
! Full time.
Summer.
Part time.
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
B y pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t h e i r o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mothers,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with iniantwe l f a r e stations—
Number of nurses.
g
P ‘4
0
<8
1
M
ë
£
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
5x
X
1
i
5X
1
1
X
X
X
8
X
X
5X
X
X
X
X
2
¡X X
2
X
1
7
10
5
10
¡x x
1
1
1
X
1
1
¡X X
7
10
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
. '
1
1
5 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
6 School nurses.
7 Chiefly employed in regulation and improvement of boarding homes for children.
8 Association supports a mothers’ training school.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
TABULAE
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A E E
"V
T a b l e 1. — Infant-w elfare worh by m unicipal and priva
[Sign (X ) sign
Infant-wi
Agency.
State and city.
Num
ber.
r-<
uS
r0 ^
1 ft
WASHINGTON— COntd.
1
2
Spokane...................
3
4
Walla Walla
Municipal.
Bldg.
Municipal
....... ....... d o ___
WEST VIRGINIA.
5
Municipal
7
....... d o___
9
10
....... d o___
6
8
WISCONSIN.
Municipal
Ù
12
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Beloit........................ ....... d o ___
Beloit Visiting Nurse Assn., 1400
Fourth St.
Municipal...............................................
Eau Claire.
Eau Claire Visiting Nurse Assn., 308i
S. Barstow St.
Municipal............... ..............................
Fond du Lac.
.......d o ............. . — ..............................
Green B a y ...
.......d o.....................................................
Janesville___
Civic League.........................................
Municipal............................ ..................
Kenosha..
.......d o .....................................................
La Crosse.
Associated Charities of La Crosse,
Courthouse.
Municipal....................... : .....................
Madison.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 322 S. Hamil
ton St.
Municipal...............................................
Manitowoc.
.......d
o .....................................................
Marinette..
Municipal (child welfare division).......
Milwaukee.
Infant Home and Hospital1................
Milwaukee Maternity Hospital and
Free Dispensary Assn., 1529 Grand
Ave.
Municipal........
.................................... .
Oshkosh.
Visiting Nurse Assn., 81 Main St....... .
Municipal....................
............ ........... .
Racine.......
Sheboygan.
.......d o .....................................................
Associated Charities, 721 Ontario A v e..
Woman’s Club, civics committee1___
Visiting Nurse Assn.............................
Municipal............................................. .
Superior.
.......d o....................................................
Wausau.
40
Cheyenne....... .
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
2,220
WYOMING.
Municipal1
i Work reported. Detailed information not available.
* Nurse partly supported by private organizations. Names of organizations
s No information supplied.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
95
WORK.
and towns having a 'population in 1910 o f 10,000 and over, 1915—Continued,
City inspection of milk supply.
X
X
1
2
X
3
4
.
Little Mothers’ Leagues or classes.
Supporting an obstetrical
clinic.
Nurses.
Part time.
Full time.
Prenatal
work.
Full time.
Winter.
Part time.
Summer.
Part time
Modified.
Milk dis
pensed.
Whole.
By pamphlets, cir
culars, etc.
and
classes
clubs.
By
In t he ir o w n
homes by nurses.
By conferences of
doctors, mother s,
and nurses.
Instruction given to
mothers.
Instruction in infant
hygiene in homes
by nurses not con
nected with infantwelfare stations—
Number of nurses.
Full time.
Infant-welfare stations—Continued.
Work by nurses to prevent infant blindness.
being done in the field designated.]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
è
1X
21
21
21
X
1X
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I
(!)
51
1
1
0)
1
(i)
61
1
1
X
1
X
1
1
1
11
12
13
14
X
15
lß
1x
1X
X
17
18
fl9
120
?1
f 22
{ ?3
X
24
95
X
?ß
27
28
29
SO
X
2
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
X
1
X
0)
X
X
3
1
X
X
X
X
W
3
X
2
1
0)
i
i
5
6
7
g
9
10
X
1
1X
31
S?
33
34
3^
30
37
38
39
40
4 4 school nurses in addition.
6 School nurse.
TABULAR
96
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T able 2 —.Examples o f in f ant-welfare work in cities and towns having a population in
1910 o f less than 10,000, 1915.
Infant-welfare
stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
Instruction
in
homes1—
Number of
nurses.
Nurses.
Î oä
KS
Alabama:
Clanton............
Arizona:
Jerome..............
California:
Monrovia.........
Connecticut:
Branford..........
Canaan.............
Lime R o c k 3__
Litchfield.
Rockville.
Florida:
Miami........
Georgia:
La Grange.
Illinois:
Kewanee...
Ottawa.
Wmnetka.
Kentucky:
Benham. .
Fulton..............
Hazard.............
Maysville.........
Pine Mountain.
Maine:
Kennebunk___
Rumford..........
Maryland:
Cambridge.
Massachusetts:
Danvers__
Great Barring
ton.
Hamilton and
Wenham.
Chilton County Health Committee >
Yavapai County nurse2...................
Visiting Nurse Assn.......... ..............
Branford.Visiting Nurse Assn............
North Canaan Visiting Nurse Assn2.
Lime Rock and Falls Village Visiting
Nurses Assn.
District Nursing Assn.2.......................
Rockville Visiting Nurse Assn., 42 Elm
St.
Woman’s Relie^Assn., 218 Twelfth St.
«1
La Grange Settlement.........................
Civic Nurse Board of Kewanee
Woman’s Club.
Ottawa Public Health nursing organi
zation.2
Relief and Aid Society of Winnetka..
Y . M .C. A ........................... ................
Wisconsin Steel Co.............................. .
City Health and Welfare League2----Perry County Nursing Assn.2.............
Mason County Public Health League2.
Pine Mountain Settlement School----Kennebunk Visiting Nurse Assn........
Rumford District Nursing ' Assn.,
Bank Bldg.
Cambridge Visiting Nurse Assn.2........
Danvers Visiting Nurse Assn., postoffice box 144.
Visiting Nurse Assn............................
(5)
«1
Visiting NurseCommittee of Hamilton
andWenham,post-officeUnion St.,
Hamilton.
Holden
Visiting Nurse Assn., postHolden...............
office box 107.
Lancaster Social Service Assn.............
Lancaster.
Leicester Samaritan Assn., post-office
Leicester..
box 45.
Manchester........ Visiting Nurse Assn.2........................Medfield
and Visiting Nurse Assn, of Medfield and
Dover, post-office box 7, Medfield.
Dover.
Middleboro....... Middleboro District Nursing Assn----Milton............... Milton Visiting Nurse Assn----------Needham.......... Visiting Nurse Assn., 101 Pickering St
Norwood........... Norwood Civic Assn., 840 Washington
St.
Pepperell District Nurse Assn............
Pepperell.
Rockland Visiting Nurse Assn., 65
Rockland.
Vernon St.
District Nurse Assn.............................
Stoughton.
* Bv nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.
2 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
3 Nurse’s district consists of 2 small villages and surrounding farms.
4 Additional help by students in training in general hospital.
6 Work reported. Detailed information not available.
3 Baby-feeding clinic.
71 additional nurse in summer.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(5)
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
97
WORK,
T able 2.—Examples o f in f ant-welfare work in cities and towns having a population in
1910 o f less than 10,000, 1915—Continued.
Infant-welfare
stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
Instruction
in
homes1—
Number of
Nurses.
nurses.
® «ö
v“r
m
&
d
I
ia »
Massachusetts—Con.
Swampscott....... Swampscott Visiting Nurse Assn., 6
New Ocean St.
Walpole............. Walpole Visiting Nurse Assn., post1 1
office box 207.
Winchendon___ District Nurse Committee of the
U ...,
Winchendon Woman’s Club, 142
Pleasant St.
Michigan:
Grosse Pointe Mutual Aid and Neighborhood Club,3 1 1 ___ 1
............... 1
Farms.
60 Oak St.
Iron Mountain. . Pewabic Visiting Nurse, 406 West E St.............................. ..........
1
1
X
Minnesota:
Faribault........... Visiting Nurse Assn.4...........................
Hibbing............. Municipal............................................. .
1
1 X X
Red Wing.......... Visiting Nurse Assn., 986 Central Ave.
1
1
Rochester.......... Civic League, 406 S. Broadway............
1
1
X
New Hampshire:
Lebanon............ Lebanon Visiting Nurse Assn., 31
High. St.
Lisbon...........
Lisbon District Nursing Assn............ .
New Jersey:
Bemardsville__ Visiting Nurse Assn, of Somerset Hills5 ...........
2
2 .... X
Dover................. Woman’s Civic Club, 5 Elizabeth St...............
1
Englewood........ Babies Dispensary of Englewood
1
1 1
Ï .... X
Hospital, 22 Van Brunt St.
Visiting Nurse Assn, of the Presby- ...........
1
1 ---- X
terian Church, 41E. Englewood Ave.
Franklin............ Neighborhood House8............ ............ 61 61
1
X
Madison............. Town Improvement Settlement House, 1 1 (7) (7)
(7) X X
36 Main St.
Mount Holly___ Woman’s League, 49 Grant St............................
1
1 .... X
New York:
Northern WestChester
C ounty
territory di
vided into
the following
districts—
Mount Kisco, District Nursing Assn, of Northern
1
1 .... X
Bedford,
Westchester County.8
Hills, B ed-’
ford, Pound
Ridge, Mid
dle Patent.
K at onah,
do.
1
1 .... X
Goldenbridge,
North Sa
lem, Purdys
Station,
Croton Falls,
Somers,
Somers Cen
ter, South
Salem, Cross
River, Lake
W accabuc,
Lewisboro,
Lincolndale.
1 By nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.
* Additional nurse in summer.
8 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
<Work reported. Detailed information not available.
6 Rural area, comprising several small villages in a diameter of about 10 miles.
6 Weekly conference between mothers and nurses; babies weighed; mothers instructed.
7 Number not supplied.
8 Secretary of District Nursing Assn, of Northern Westchester County, Miss Delia W. Marble, Bedford.
36248°—16----- 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
98
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T able 2.— Examples o f infant-welfare work in cities and towns having a population in
1910 o f less than 10,000, 1915— Continued.
Infant-welfare
stations.
State and city.
Agency.
Num
ber.
Instruction
in
homes1—
Number of
nurses. Nurses.
.
o-g
£&
ft
CO
s|
S-a
fl-S
b l
si
New York—Contd.
Northern Westc h e s t er
County^
etc.—Con.
Pleasantville, District Nursing Assn, of Northern
Westchester County.
Briar Cliff,
Briar Cliff
Manor, and
Sherman
Park north
of the bridge.
Yorktown
.do.
Heights,
Amaw a 1k ,
Kitchawan,
E 1m s f o rd,
E a s t view,
West Som
ers, Baldwin
Place.
.do.
Champa q u a ,
M i l 1wood,
Hawthorne,
V a 1 h alia,
Kensico,and
Sherman
Park south
of the bridge.
.do.
Cortlandt dis
trict includes
the villages
of Crugers,
Montrose,
B uchanan,
M o h e gan,
Crum Pond,
Verplanck,
Oscawa n a ,
Oregon,
Furnace
Woods.
Ossining,
.do.
Sparta, and
Scarborough
Brewster............ District Nursing Assn, of Southeast. . .
Canandaigua___ Canandaigua Health Assn., 28Hallenbeck Bldg.
Dobbs Ferry, Welfare Assn., Inc., 442 Broadway,
Dobbs Ferry.
Irvington, and
Ardsley.
Harrison.......... . Harrison District Nursing Assn.
Hastings upon Infant-welfare station2............. .
Hudson.
Herkimer........... Municipal..............................................
Islip town.......... Islip Town Chapter of the American
Red Cross Town and Country Nurs
ing Service.
Purchase Visiting Nurse A ssn.3..........
Purchase...
Thompson House district nurse..........
Rhinebeck.
Roslyn District Nursing Assn., Ros
Roslyn.......
lyn Heights.
Seneca Falls...... Infant-Welfare Assn.4...........................
Tarrytown and Woman’s Civic League of Tarrytown
and North Tarrytown, 127 Wildey
North Tarrytown.
St.
W a p p i n g e r s Municipal...............................................
Falls.
1 B y nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.
2 Maintained by private funds. In charge of health officer.
3 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
4Supported by public funds and private contributions.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
99
T a b l e 2.— Examples o f infant-welfare work in cities and towns having a population in
1910 o f less than 10,000, 1915— Continued.
Fh
0
fl
8
CO ?
Instruction
in
I
1
homes1—
03
Number of i>> • © S i3
Nurses.
nurses.
rM-E ¿ 8 ©.9
Li Yr
IS
S
3
5+3
<D
0ä
_ a o
Ks
03
s
•I
© 'MW
ifH -4-3 ë
3
Ph 3
%
Part time.
Full time.
Num
ber.
Winter.
Agency.
Summer.
State and cityj
Part time.
Infant-welfare
stations.
North Carolina:
Altapass........... Holman Association.....................
1
Goldsboro.......... Goldsboro Benevolent Society... - .......
Newbem............ Anti-Tuberculosis Society,2 90 Craven
1
1
St.
Whiterock......... Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis1
1
X
sions. 3
Ohio:
Cireleville.......... Cireleville Benevolent Assn., 114 W.
1
X
Franklin St.
Cuyahoga Falls. Visiting Nurse Committee2...........
1
Fremont............ Woman’s Federation of Fremont..
X
Pennsylvania:
Darby................ Visiting Nurse Fund for Darby and
1
X
Vicinity, 117 Chestnut St.
Gettysburg........ Visiting Nurse Assn., 54 E. Middle St..
1
Havèrford.......... Main Line Citizens Assn, (main line
2
X
Pennsylvania R. R . from Radnor
to Overbrook).4
Huntsdale......... Huntsdale Visiting Nurse Assn.6.........
1
X
Kingston............ West Side Visiting Nurse Assn., 470
X 6J
X
Market St.
M uncy............
Muncy Visiting Nurse Assn., 32
1
Green St.
Palmerton......... New Jersey Zinc Co.2 (of Pennsyli
i X X
vania).
Wayne............... The Neighborhood League (main line
1
Pennsylvania R . R . from Radnor
to Paoli),2 Wayne Coffee House.
Rhode Island:
Bristol..............: Bristol Fortnightly Club, 631 Hone St.
1
i
East Greenwich. Visiting Nurse Assn, and Anti-Tuber1
i
X
culosis Assn., S. Main St.
North K i n g s - Visiting Nurse and Anti-Tuberculosis
i
i
X
town.
Assn, of North Kingstown and Wickford (post office, Wickford).
Pascoag.............. Burrillville Anti-Tuberculosis Assn. . .
i
X
Warren.............. Warren District Nursing Assn., 7 Lyn1
i
den St.
Vermont:
Brattleboro........ Brattleboro Mutual Aid Assn., 1 Canal
i
1
X
St.
Montpelier......... Montpelier Woman’s Club, 138 State
i
X
St.
Proctor.............. Proctor Hospital (Vermont Marble
X
Co.).
Springfield......... Golden Rule Circleof Kong’s Daughters,
1
i
X
.140 Summer St.
Windsor............. Visiting Nurse Assn., Windsor S t.......
i
X
Virginia:
Charlottesville. . Charlottesville Public Health and
1
i
X
Nurse Assn., post-office box 36.
Hot Springs....... Hot Springs Valley Nursmg Assn..2
1
i X X *•
post-office box 284.
Leesburg............ Lena Morton Memorial nurse..........
1 X X
Lexington......... Civic League district nurse. - ...............
Warrenton......... Warrenton District Nurse Assn.2.
1
Winchester........ District Nurse Assn., Farmers and
1
*1
X
1 Merchants Bank Bldg.
1 B y nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.
2 Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service.
3 Nurse works in a rural district covering about 50 square miles; work done in cooperation with American
Red Cross Town and Country Nursmg Service.
* p art
Philadelphia Visiting Nurse Assn. Affiliated with American Red Cross Town and Countrv
Nursmg Service.
J
6 Mainly rural work.'
6 Limited.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
100
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OP
IN F A N T - W E L P ARE
WORK,
T able ,2.— Examples o f infant-w elfare work in cities and towns having a population in
1910 o f less than 10,000,1915— Continued.
+3
U
o
d
s
©
Instruction
I
<
8
§
in
d
ca5b £
ftw
homes1—,, d
©
Number of
A¿
nurses.
Nurses.
S-l CO
fti* Q as
<3 5 «
_ ft O
c3 s
o ^•fl
d
o> •H s
u
ft hi £
Washington:
Mount Vernon.. Skagit County public health nurse,
post-office box 583.
West Virginia:
Civic
Club of Clarksburg, 363 Mechanic
Clarksburg.. . . . .
St.
,
Moundsville....... Reynolds Memorial Hospital, socialservice department, Third St.
Wisconsin:
NeenahandMe- Visiting Nurse Assn, of Neenah and
Menasha.
nasha.
Two Rivers.......
Part time.
Full time.
I Part time. |
I Summer.
| Winter.
Num
ber.
Agency;
State and city.
j Pull time.
Infant-welfare
stations.
1
X
(2)
(2)
1
1
X
1 3 2 4X
1
1
Ladies Charitable Assn., High School
Bldg.
1
1
X
X
4
X
1 B y nurses not connected with infant-welfare stations.
2 Number not supplied.
3 A Metropolitan Insurance nurse aids in this work.
4 Organized by school nurse.
T a b l e 3 .— M ilk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915.
Dairy farms. '
X
40,434
11,845
24,892
17,809
319,198
151), 174
30,291
10,207
10,449
15,212
44,696
12,779
416,912
28,946
11,659
23,253
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(8)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Trinidad...............................
i Modification of Department of Agriculture card.
« Milk depots, but not grocery and other stores.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
< XX X
29,078
213,381
44,395
10,204
X
X
XX
45,941
X
X
X
Bacterio Pasteur
ization
logical
standards ordi
enforced. nance.
XX
Colorado:
11,134
13,193
Stores
selling
milk
scored.
XX
California:
X
X
XX
Arkansas:
132,685
51,521
X
Arizona:
Scored by
card
employed
Scored.
by De
eartment
of Agri
culture.
XX
Alabama:
Country
milk
Popula
tion, 1910. inspec
tion.
XX
State and city.
X
X
X
X
'X
8 Notify dairy when over 500,000.
4 Partial only.
X
TABULAR
STATEM EN T
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
101
T able 3.— M ilk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
Dairy farms.
State and city.
I Popula
tion, 1910
Country
milk
inspec
tion.
Scored by Stores
card
selling
employed
milk
Scored.
by De
scored.
partment
of Agri
culture.
Bacterio Pasteur
logical
ization
standards ordi
enforced. nance.
Connecticut:
Bridgeport............................ 102,054
Greenwich...........................
16,463
Hartford..............................
98,915
Meriden................................
32,066
New Haven.......................... 133,605
, New London..-.....................
19,659
Norwalk...............................
24,211
Orange..........................
11,272
28,836
Stamford town....................
Waterbury ........................
73,141
Delaware:
Wilmington2........................
87,411
District of Columbia:
W ashington..........„............. 331,069
Florida:
57,699
Jacksonville.........................
Tampa..................................
37,782
Georgia:
Augusta................................
41,040
Brunswick............................
10,182
Rom e....................................
12,099
Waycross..............................
14,485
Illinois:
A lton....................................
17,528
21,122
Belleville..............................
Cairo.....................................
14,548
Chicago................................. 2,185,283
Danville................................
27,871
Elgin2............................... v.
25,976
La Salle, Peru, and Oglesb y .
(‘)
X
Moline..................................
24,199
X
Rockford............... ...............
45,401
X
51,678
Springfield...........................
6X
Waukegan............................
16,069
X
Indiana:
Anderson..............................
22,476
X
East Chicago........................
19,098
X
Fort W ayne.........................
63,933
X
Gary....................................
16,802
X
Indianapolis......................... 233,650
X
Kokomo............................ .
17,010
X
Logansport..........................
19,050
X
Marion................. ................
19,359
X
Muncie..................................
24,005
Richmond............................
22,324
Terre Haute.........................
58,157
Iowa:
32,811
Cedar Rapids.......................
Clinton............ ....... ............
25,577
Davenport...........................
43,028
Des Moines..........................
86,368
Mason City...........................
11,230
Sioux City...........................
47,828
Waterloo..............................
26,693
Kansas:
Coffeyville............................
12,687
10,4f>3
Fort Scott2..........................
Hutchinson2.......................
16,364
Kansas City.........................
82,331
Topeka.....................
I 43,684
X
1 Modified.
2 Limited. Details not supplied.
* Not rigidly.
4 Population of La Salle, 11,537; of Peru, 7,984; population of Oglesby not given by Census Bureau,
s State board of health.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
102
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK.
T abxe 3.— M ilk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
Dairy farms.
State and.pity.
Country
milk
Popula
tion, 1910. inspec
tion.
Kentucky:
11.452
Henderson.......
35,099
Lexington.........
223,928
Louisville.........
30,309
Newport...........
' 22,760
Paducah...........
Louisiana:
11,449
Lake Charles...
339,075
New Orleans. . .
28,015
Shreveport___ _
Maine:
58.571
Portland..........
Maryland:
558,485
Baltimore.........
21.839
Cumberland....
16,507
Hagerstown—
Massachusetts:
11,187
Arlington........ .
16,215
Attleboro..........
670,585
Boston............ .
56,878
Brockton..........
27,792
Brookline........
104.839
Cambridge-----32.452
Chelsea............
13,075
Clinton............
33,484
Everett3 .........
119,295
Fall River.......
37,826
Fitchburg.......
12.948
Framingham..
14,699
i Gardner— --24,398
Gloucester.......
10,427
Greenfield.......
44,115
Haverhill........
57,730
Holyoke..........
106,294
Lowell.............
89,336
Lynn...............
44.404
Malden............
15,715
Melrose............
96,652
New Bedford..
14.949
Newburyport..
39,806
Newton...........
22,019
North Adams..
19,431
Northampton3
32,121
Pittsfield.........
43,697
Salem..............
77,236
Somerville.......
12,592
Southbridge...
88,926
Springfield----34,259
Taunton..........
11.404
Wakefield.. . . .
27,834
Waltham.........
16,044
Westfield.........
10,132
Winthrop........
145,986
Worcester.......
Michigan:
12,706
Alpena............
14,817
Ann Arbor___
25,267
Battle Creek...
45,166
Bay C it y ......
465,766
Detroit............
38,550
Flint...............
112.571
Grand Rapids.
12,821
Ironwood.........
31,433
Jackson...........
39,437
Kalamazoo___
31,229
Lansing...........
12,381
Manistee.........
1 Irregularly.
* With additions.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Scored by
card
employed
Scored.
by De
partment
of Agri
culture.
Stores
selling
milk
scored.
Bacterio Pasteur
logical
ization
standards ordi
nance.
enforced
X
X
X
X
1X
. X
X
X
2X
* X
4X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1X
X
X
3 Limited. Bétails not supplied.
* Modified.
TABULAE
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A E E
103
W OEK.
Table 3.— M ilk inspection in certain' cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
Dairy farms.
Country
Popular
milk
). inspec
tion.
State and city.
Michigan—Continued.
Marquette..............
Menominee............
Pontiac..................
Saginaw.................
Sault Ste. Marie i ..
Minnesota:
Duluth...................
St. Paul.................
Mississippi:
Jackson..................
Missouri:
Hannibal...............
Joplin.....................
Kansas City..........
St. Joseph..............
St. Louis...............
Montana:
Billings..................
Butte.....................
Missoula.................
Nebraska:
Lincoln..................
Omaha...................
Nevada:
Reno......................
New Hampshire:
Berlin, a ...............
Concord..............
Manchester............
Nashua..................
New Jersey:
Asbury Park.........
Bloomfield............
East Orange4.........
Hackensack............
Jersey City............ .
Kearny................ .
Long Branch..........
Montclair............... .
Morristown............ .
Newark................
Orange6................. .
Passaic....................
Plainfield................
Trenton...................
West Hoboken 3___
West Orange4........
. West New York___
New Mexico:
Albuquerque..........
New York:
A lbany....................
Amsterdam.............
Buffalo....................
Cohoes.....................
Corning...................
Cortland................
Dunkirk..................
Glens Falls..........
Hudson...................
Ithaca......................
Kingston.................
Little Falls..............
11,503
10.507
14,532
50,510
12,615
X
X
78,466
214,744
Scored by
card
employee
Scored.
by De
partment
of Agri
culture.
Stores
selling
milk
scored.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
21,262
X
X
X
18,341
32,073
248,381
77.403
687,029
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X .
X
X
X'
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
11,780
21,497
70,063
26,005
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10,150
15,070
34,371
14,050
267,779
18,659
13,298
21.550
12.507
347,469
29,630
54,773
20.550
96,815
35.403
10,980
13,560
X
3X
X
X
X
10,031
39,165
12,869
43,973
124,096
10,867
X
.X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
100,253
31,267
423,715
24,709
13,730
11,504
17,221
15,243
11,417
14,802
25,908
12,273
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
2X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
x
x
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
( 6)
(7)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
«X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
x
X
11,020
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
x
X
x
x
X
x
x
X
x
X
X
X
i Limited. Details not supplied.
* Where 10 or more gallons are sold,
s Limited.
4 See Orange.
6Inspect and grant permits.
6 Milk inspection for the Oranges all under one system.
7Make regular bimonthly inspections.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Bacterio Pasteur
logical
ization
standards ordi
enforced. nance.
x
X
X
104
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OE
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
WORK.
T able 3 — Milk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915—^Continued.
Dairy farms.
State and city.
Popula
tion, 1910,
Country
milk
inspec
tion.
Scored by
card
employed
by
De
Scored.
partment
of Agri
culture.
New York—Continued.
X
30,919
Mount Vernon........
X
28,867
New Rochelle....... .
4,766,883
X
New York..............
27,805
X
Newburgh.............
11,955
X
North Tonawanda.
14,743
X
Olean.....................
X
11,480
Ossining.................
23,368
X
Oswego..... ......... -X
11,138
Plattsburg.............
27,936
X
Poughkeepsie........
X
10,711
Rensselaer.............
218,149
X
Rochester..............
12,693
X
Saratoga Springs...
X
72,826
X
Schenectady..........
1X
137,249
X
Syracuse................
X
76,813
X
T roy.......................
26,730
X
Watertown............
15,949
X
White Plains.........
79,803
X
. Yonkers................
North Carolina:
34,014
X
Charlotte...............
18,241
X
Durham.................
15,895
X
Greensboro............
25,748
X
Wilmington..........
North Dakota:
14,331
Fargo.....................
Ohio:
69,067
Akron.................
50,217
Canton..................
363,591
Cincinnati—
560,663
- Cleveland..............
181,511
Columbus............
116,577
Dayton.................
20.387
East Liverpool —
14,825
Elyria...................
35,279
Hamilton.............
13,147
Ironton.................
15,181
Lakewood.--------28,883
Lorain..................
20,768
Mansfield.............
13,152
Middletown.........
25,404
Newark................
13.388
Piqua...................
23,481
Portsmouth.........
19,
Sandusky
46,921
Springfield...........................
-Toledo.
F- '
1 168,497
11,081
Warren...............
28,026
Zanesville...........
Oklahoma:
12,954
McAlester...........
64,205
Oklahoma City..
18,182
Tulsa...................
Oregon:
207,214
Portland.............
Pennsylvania:
52,127
Altoona..............
12,845
Connellsville.......
2X
66,525
Erie....................
64,186
Harrisburg.........
47,227
Lancaster...........
19,240
Lebanon.............
12,780
Meadville...........
.18,877
Nanticoke.........
36,280
* New Castle8—
1,549,008
Philadelphia----533,905
Pittsburgh.. . . . .
i Revised.
a Modified.
8 Work limited; by volunteer inspectors.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Stores Bacterio Pasteur
ization
logical
selling
milk standards ordi
scored. enforced. nance.
TABULAR
STATEM ENT
OF
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
W ORK,
105
T able 3.— M ilk inspection in certain cities and towns having a population in 1910 o f
10,000 and over, 1915—Continued.
Dairy farms.
State and city.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Reading.......................
Scranton............. . ........
Warren.........................
Rhode Island:
Central Falls...... i........
East Providence..........
Newport____ . . . . ____
Tawtucket...................
Providence..............
Woonsocket1...............
South Carolina:
G reenville...:............
Tennessee:
Chattanooga—
Ja ck son .........
Knoxville.........
Memphis......... .
Nashville..----Texas:
Austin.............
Beaumont.......
„
El Paso............
Marshall..........
San Antonio...
Texarkana2___
Utah:
Ogden..............
Salt Lake City.
Vermont:
Barre.........
Rutland..........
Virginia:
Danville..........
Lynchburg___
Newport News.
N orfolk .........
Roanoke..........
Washington:
Everett............
North Yakima.
Seattle.............
Spokane..........
Tacoma...........
West Virginia:
Wheeling.........
Wisconsin:
Appleton.........
Ashland3........
Beloit..............
Madison..........
Manitowoca. ..
Milwaukee......
Oshkosh..........
Racine.............
Sheboygan___
Wausau......... .
Scored by
Country
card
Populamilk N
employed
tion, 1910. inspec
Scored.
by De
tion.
partment
of Agri
culture.
96,071
129,867
11,080
X
X
X
22,754
15,808
27,149
51,622
224,326
38,125
X
X
X
X
1X
Stores Bacterio Pasteur
logical
selling
ization
milk standards
ordi
scored. enforced. nance.
‘X
15,741
44,604
15,779
36,346
131,105
110,364
'X
29,860
20,640
39,279
11,452
96,614
15,445
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X*
X
X
25,580
92,777
X
X
X
10,734
•13,546
X
X
X
X
19,020
29,494
20,205
67,452
34,874
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
24,814
14,082
237,194
104,402
83,743
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
41,641
X
16,773
11,594
15,125
25,531
13,027
373,857
33,062
38,002
26,398
16,560
X
X
X
X
X
i Limited.
* Figures shown are for Texarkana, Ark., and Texarkana, Tex.
3 Limited. Details not supplied.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
rulings included).
106
T able 4.—Summary o f State laws and rulings relating to the prevention o f blindness from babies' sore eyes (no county or city acts, ordinances, or
[Based on statement published by National Committee for the Prevention of Blindness, revised to include the laws of 1915. References are to session laws unless otherwise
specified.]
Health officer em Law in regard
powered and re
to reportmg
Free prophy
quired to secure
sore eyes
lactic outfits
attention for un printed on birth distributed.
cared-for cases.
certificates.
Copies of law to physi
cians, midwives, etc.
1915, c. 724.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Mill’s Anno. Stat.
1912, s. 448.
WORK,
First week each month, by Leaflet. Directions to
physician, midwife, etc.
mothers, midwives,
Gen. Stat. 1902, s. 1861,“as
and nurses.
amended 1907, c. 91.
Notification within 24 hours,
by physician or person
present; certificate within
10 days, by physician,midwife, parent, or other
person. Rev. Code 1915,
s. 807.
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Yes. 1915, c.
724.
OE
By physician or
other p r a c t i
tioner, midwife,
nurse, parent,
or other person
having charge.
If no physician is Yes. Penalty not
to exceed 1300.
in attendance,
Reg. No. 28,
by parent,nurse,
State board of
or other person
health. (Adopt
in charge.
ed Feb. 7,1916.)
Connecticut......... By midwife, nurse,
or attendant.
By physician, or midwife,
within the first days [sic]
of each month. Code 1907,
s. 711, as amended 1911,
р. 117.
5 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per- son. Rev. Stat. 1913, s.
4417.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Rules of State board
of health, 1913.
Yes.................. 36 hours, by physician or
midwife; 10 days, by par
ent or other person. 1915,
с. 378.
Literature distributed
by department of
health.
STATEM ENT
By midwife, nurse,
or other person
having charge.
Question on
Physicians and birth
certificate How early and by whom
midwives re whether
or not
births are reported.
quired to use a prophylactic
prophylactic.
used.
TABULAR
State.
Babies’ sore eyes
reportable.1
How to
Notlater than Saturday first Pamphlet.
Keep Your Baby
ensuing after 3 secular
Well, c o n t a i n i n g
days, by physician, mid
warning about sore
wife, etc. 34 U. S. Stat..
eyes.
p. 1010.
To midwives
only. R e
port of the
health offi
cer, 1915, p.
72.
Districtof Colum By midwife or at
tendant o t h e r
bia.
than physician.
Georgia.
Indiana.
By parent or at
tendant.
Iow a....
Kansas.
By physician.
Yes.
Kentucky.
By physician,mid
wife, nurse, or
parent.
Yes. Carroll’s
Stat. 1915, s.
2062b.
Louisiana.
By physician,mid
wife, nurse, par
ent, or other at
tendant.
Yes. Annual Yes. Penalty
$50 to $200 or
appropria
revocation of
tion, $500.
license. 1914,
1914, No. 174,
No. 174, p.
p. 292.
292.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Health officer to
secure medical
attention. Pen
alty $10 to $50.
Burns’s Anno.
Stat. 1914, s.
76076. .
Yes. Burns’s
Anno. Stat.
1914, s. 7607c.
Penalty $10
to $50.
Yes.
See p. 112 for details.
Notification within 24 hours
and certificate in 10 days,
by physician, midwife,
parent, or other person.
1915, p. 660.
Advice and informa
tion, together with
copies of the law, to
physicians, m i d wives, and others.
1915, p. 366.
Yes. Burns’s 36 hours, by physician, mid
wife, etc. Burns’s Anno.
Anno. Stat.
Stat. 1914, s. 7607b.
1914, s. 7607b.
Yes.
Do.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1911, c. 296.
10 days, by physician, mid Yes. Carroll’s Stat.
1915, s. 2062b.
wife, parent, or other per
son. Carroll’s Stat. 1915,
S. 2062a, 13-14.
Quarterly, by physician or Copies of law to all
p h y s i c i a n s , mid
midwife (in the State); 24
wives, etc. • 1914,
hours, by physician, mid
No. 174, p. 292.
wife, parent, or other
person present (in parish
of Orleans). W olfl’s Con
stitution and Rev. Laws,
2d èd., 1904, p. 1455, s. 9,
and p. 1778 (1900, No. 162,
s. 3), as amended 1910, p.
250.
W ORK.
By physician,mid
wife, nurse, par
ent, etc.
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
Illinois..
OF
By midwife, nurse,
or other person,
having charge.
STATEM ENT
To physicians. Yes. Rule No.
33, S t a t e
Letter from
b o a r d of
State board
health, May
of h e a l t h ,
13,1914.
Aug. 7,1916.
Yes. 1915, p. S h a l l advise.
Penalty $10
366.
to $100.1915,
p. 366.
Idaho...
10 days, by physician, mid Leaflet. Directions to
mothers, midwives,
wife, parent, or other per
and nurses.
son. 1915, c. 6892, s. 13.
10 days, by physician, mid Part of leaflet of in
structions to midwife, parent, or other per
son. Anno. Code 1914, s. * wives.
I676(aa).
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1911, p. 638, s. 13.
TABULAR
Florida..
O
rulings included)— Continued.
Maine.
Maryland.
Massachusetts,
Babies’ sore eyes
reportable.1
Health officer em Law in regard
Free prophy
to reporting
powered and re
lactic outfits
sore eyes
quired to secure
distributed.
printed
on
birth
attention for un
certificates.
cared-for cases.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
By midwife, nurse,
or person having
charge.
Leaflets and pamphlets
on prevention of
blindness.
Yes. Penalty
n o t more
than $100 or
6 months, or
both. 1913,
p. 221, No.
123.
5 days, by physician, at
tendant, father, or other
person. Howell’s Anno.
Stat. 1913, s. 1564, as
amended 1915, p. 520.
Leaflet giving law and
directions for pre
vention of blindness.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, or parent. Gen.
Stat. 1913, s. 4651.
Yes; with traveling ex
hibit.
Yes. 1916, c. Yes. Penalty
$50 to $200.
115. Appro
1916, c. 115.
priation for
carrying out
provisions of
a c t , $300.
1915, c. 73.
10 days, b y physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Rule 21, regulations
State board of health.
Copies of law to be fur
nished all physicians
and midwives; also
advice and informa
tion concerning dan
ger and treatment to
be published and
promulgated. 1916,
c. 115.
Copies of law sent to
midwives and nurses.
Rev. Stat. 1909, s.
8322.
10 day-s, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Rev. Stat. 1909, s.
6676.
W ORK.
Gen Stat.
By midwife, nurse, Yes.
1913, ss. 4646parent, or other
4648.
person having
charge.
By physician, mid Yes. Penalty $50
to $200.
1916,
wife, nurse, rel
ative, maternity
c. 115.
home or hospital,
parent, or other
person in attend
ance.
Part of leaflet on care
of eyes.
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
Minnesota.
Yes. Annual
appropria
tion, $2,500.
1910, c. 458;
1911, c. 643.
Literature distributed
by department of
health.
OE
B y midwife, nurse,
or other attend
ant than physi
cian.
By physician,
Yes. Rev. Laws Yes. In sub
stance.
nurse, relative,
1902, c. 75, s. 49
as amended 1914.
or other attend
ant.
c. 177.
By midwife, nurse,
or person having
charge.
Missouri.
Within 6 days, -by physi
cian, midwife, parent, etc.
Rev. Stat. 1903, c. 61, ss.
19, 25 as amended 1909, c.
75, p. 83, s. 3.
4 days, by physician, mid
wife, father, or other per
son. Anno. Code vol. 3,
1914, art. 43, ss. 14-16.
Notification within 48 hours
and certificate in 15 days,
by physician and mid
wife. 1912, c. 280, p.189.
By midwife, nurse, Yes. Rules and
or person having
regulations State
board of health
charge.
January, 1916.
Michigan.
Mississippi.
Question on
Physicians and birth
certificate
midwives re whether or not How early and by whom
births are reported.
quired to use a prophylactic
prophylactic.
used.
TABULAR, S T A T E M E N T
State.
108
T a b l e 4. —Summary o f State laws and rulings relating to the prevention o f blindness from babies' sore eyes (no county or city acts, ordinances, or
Nebraska.
Physician
only. Pen
alty $10 to
$50 and li
cense sub
ject to revo
cation. 1915,
c. 196.
By p h y s i c i a n ,
head of family,
or other person.
By midwife, nurse, Health officer to
direct parent to
or other attend
secure medical
ant than physi
cian.
care. $50 fine.
Comp. Stat.1910,
Health, p. 2733,
S. 274.
,000
Yes.
appropria
tion. 1911,
c. 96.
Yes.
North Carolina.
By parent or other
attendant than
physician.
Ohio.................
By physician, mid
wife, nurse, par
ent, relative, or
other attendant,
etc.
Yes.
Physicians are
requited.
Penalty $5
to $10. 1915,
c. 272.
If
infection Yes. Penalty 3 days, by physician, mid
wife, father, or other per
for not an
suspected.
son. Comp. Laws, 1913,
swering $10
Penalty $10
s. 446.
to $50. Comp
to $50. Comp.
Laws, 1913,
Laws, 1913,
s. 3168.
s. 3169.
10 days, b y physician, mid
Yes. Annual Yes. Physi
wife, parent, or other, per
cian
and
ap p rop ria
son. Gen. Code 1910, s.
midwife.
tion, $5,000.
218, as amended 1913, p.
1915, p. 321.
1915, p. 321.
194.
30 days, b y physician. Rev.
Yes.
Laws 1910, s. 6811.
See p. 112 for details.
Leaflet. Directions for
preventing
infant
blindness.
Copy of act furnished
to nurses and mid
wives. 1915, c. 272.
Yes. Copy of law to
physicians and mid*
wives. 1915, p. 321.
109
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Yes. Penalty $10
to $50. Comp.
Laws, 1913, s.
3171.
Yes. Annual
appropria
tion.
30 days, by physician, mid
wife, etc. Stat. 1915, s.
499.
5 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1913, c. 619, s. 382.
5 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1913, c. 109, as
amended 1915, c. 85.
WORK.
North Dakota..
Oklahoma.
Yes.
B y midwife, nurse,
or other person
having charge.
By midwife, nurse,
or person acting
as nurse.
Comp.
Stat. 1910, p. 208, s. 1.
New Mexico__
New Y ork........
wife, or parent.
Information and in
structions in bulletin
State department of
health.
Copies of act distrib
uted to physicians,
midwives,
and
nurses. Comp. Stat.
1910, p. 2733, s. 276.
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
New Jersey.
2964.
6 days, by physician, mid
wife, or other person in
charge. Pub. Stat. 1901,
p. 585, s. 2.
5 days, by physician, mid
OP
By midwife, nurse, Yes. Penalty fine
not exceeding
or person having
$25. 1915, c. 85.
charge.
STATEM ENT
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Rev. Laws 1912, s.
Nevada.
New
Hamp
shire.
TABULAR
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, father, or other per
son. Rev. Codes 1907, s.
1772..
3 days, by- physician, at
tendant, parent, or other
. person. Rev. Stat. 1913,
* s. 2748.
Montana.
rulings included)—Continued.
Babies’ sore eyes
reportable.1
Health officer em- Law in regard
powered and re
to reporting
Free prophy
quired to secure
sore eyes
lactic outfits
attention for un printed on birth distributed.
cared-for cases.
certificates.
Physicians and Question on
midwives re birth certificate How early and by whom
quired to use a whether or not
births are reported.
prophylactic
prophylactic.
used.
Oregon
South Dakota..
.do.
Tennessee.
.do.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Physicians are
required.
Penalty, not
more than
$100, or 6
months, or
both. Gen.
Laws, 1909,
c. 343, s. 25,
as amended
1914,c .1081.
Yes.
Rule 62,
State board of
health, July 25,
1913.
Yes. Physi
cian, nurse,
or midwife.
Penalty, $5
to $100, 6
months, or
both. 1915,
c. 52.
Copy of act to mid
wives or nurses. 1915,
c. 210. Pamphlet
containing instruc
tions to mothers.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1915, No. 402.
Copies of act furnished
to midwives, nurses,
and health officers.
1913, No. 295.
B y fifth day of following
month, by physician or
midwife. Gen. Laws, 1909,
c. 121, s. 6.
Copy of act with in
structions sent to
nurses andmidwives.
Also pamphlet Care'
of Babies.
10 days, by physician and
midwife. Regulation State
board of health.
30 days, by physician, au
thorized person, father, or
other person. 1905, c. 63,
s. 16, as amended 1911,
c. 260.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or person in
charge of institution. 1913,
c. 30.
WORK,
.do.
Yes. 1914, p.
348, c. 1081.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1915, c. 268,s .12.
OF I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
South Carolina.
Yes.
STATEM ENT
By midwife, nurse, Furnishes direc
, or other person
tions for treat
having charge.
ment. Penalty,
$25 to $100, not
more than 30
days, or both.
1915, c. 210.
Pennsylvania___ By physician, mid Must notify par
wife, nurse, or
ents of danger.
other personhav
Penalty, $20 to
ing care.
$100, 10 to 30
days, or both.
1913, No. 295.
Rhode Island..
By midwife, nurse,
or other person
having charge.
Literature distributed
. by department of
health.
TABULAR
State.
110
T a b l e 4 . —Summary o f State laws and rulings relating to the prevention o f blindness from babies’ sore eyes (no county or city acts, ordinances, or
Texas.
Utah..
To physician
only. 1910,
c. 220.
Physician re
quired to do
so. Midwife
not to treat,
eyes unless
it is impos
sible to se
cure a phy
sician. Ride
No. 1, State
b o a rd of
health, 1911.
Penalty as
for misdem ea n o r.
1911,-c. 61.
West Virginia ... B y midwife,nurse,
or other person
having charge.
Wisconsin..........
Yes.
Stat.
1915, c. 56, s.
1409a-l.
Yes.
Stat.
1915, c. 56, s.
1409a-l.
Yes
5 days, by physician or mid
wife. Stat. 1915, C. 47, ss.
1022-1028.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. Comp. Stat. 1910,
. s. 2960, as amended 1913,
C. 70.
1 See p. 112 for details.
Illustrated pamphlet
g iv in g instructions,
rules, and r e g u la
tions.
I l l
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Yes. Penalty
$10 to $300
and 30 days.
Regulation
No. 99, Pub
lic Health
Council.
WORK.
Wyoming.
B y nurse, parent,
or other person
having charge.
Shall give direc
tions for proper
treatment. Pen
alty $10 to $300
- and 30 days.
Regulation No.
101, P u b l i c
-Health Council.
Must instruct par
ents to employ
physician. Not
over $100 fine.
Stat. 1915, c. 56,
s. 1409a-2.
I N F A N T -W E L F A R E
B y nurse, relative,
or other person
having charge.
OF
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, or head of family.
Pub. Stat. 1906, p. 662, s.
3292.*
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, parent, or other per
son. 1912, c. 181, s. 13.
10 days, by physician or mid
wife. Rem. & Bal.Anno.
Codes & Stat. 1910, vol. 2,
s. 5434.
30 days, by physician, mid I n fo r m a tio n to be
wife, or oldest resident
printed in quarterly
member of family or house
bulletin of board of
holder. Hoggs’s Code 1913,
health.
ss. 5383, 5384.
Virginia...............
Washington........
B o a rd of h e a lth
m o n t h ly bulletin
contains in fo r m a
tion.
STATEM ENT
Vermont.............. By nurse, relative,
or other person
having charge.
5 days, by physician, mid
wife, or parent. Rev. Civ.
Stat., 1911, art. 4529, as
amended 1911, c. 95.
10 days, by physician, mid
wife, father, or other per
son. Comp. Laws 1907, s.
2036x4.
TABULAR
Bymidwife, nurse,
or other attend
ant than physi
cian.
By physician or Health officer to
'midwife.
see that rules
are c o m p l i e d
with. Rule No.
3, State board of
health, 1911.
D ETAILS OF TH E STATE
REQUIREMENTS
SORE EYES.
FOR
REPORTING BABIES’
[References are to session laws unless otherwise specified.]
Arkansas.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant at any time to
be reported, within 6 h6urs, b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, to
health officer or physician. Ruling State Board o f Health, 1913.
California.— Inflamed, reddened, swollen, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y physician or other practitioner, midwife, nurse, parent, or other
person having charge, within 24 hours, to health officer. Penalty, not more than
$50; for second offense, not more than $100; for third offense and thereafter, n ot
more than $200; third conviction sufficient cause for revocation of midwife?s or phy
sician’s license, etc. 1915, c. 724, P- 1431.
Colorado.—Inflamed, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks, should
no physician be in attendance, to be reported b y parent, nurse, or other person in
charge, to local health officer or legally qualified physician. Penalty, not to exceed
$300. Regulation No. 28, State Board o f Health, adopted Feb. 7, 1916.
Connecticut.—Inflamed, swollen, reddened eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be
reported b y midwife, nurse, or attendant, within six hours, to health officer. Penalty,
not more than $200. Gen. Stat. 1902, s. 2535.
District o f Columbia.—Inflamed, discharging eyes of newborn child to be reported
b y midwife or attendant other than physician, within six hours, to health officer.
Midwife or attendant must not treat disease. Penalty, not more than $40. Regula
tions o f commissioners o f August 25,1911, effective September 27,1911.
Idaho.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, dischargingeyes of infant under 2 weeks to
be reported b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, within six hours, to
health officer or physician. Penalty, not more than $100 or 90 days, or both. Rev.
Codes, 1908, s. 1108.
Illin ois.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y physician, midwife, nurse, parent, etc., within six hours, to health
officer. Penalty, $10 to $100. 1915, p. 366. _
Indiana.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened^ discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y parents or attendant, within six hours, to health officer. Penalty,
$10 to $50. Burns’s A nno. Stat. 1914, s. 7607d.
Kansas.— Ophthalmia neonatorum to be reported b y physicians. Resolution State
Board o f Health.
Kentucky.—Inflamed, swollen, reddened, or discharging eyes of infant uhder 30
days to be reported b y physician, midwife, nurse, parent, within six hours, to health
officer. Physicians, midwives, nurses to be instructed annually in regard to recog
nizing and treating the disease. Penalty, h ot more than $100, or, for persistent failure,
revocation of license. Carroll’s Stat. 1915, vol. l , s. 2062b.
Louisiana.— Red, swollen, inflamed, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be
reported b y physician, midwife, nurse, parent, or other attendant, within six hours,
to health officer, Penalty for first offense, not more than $50; for second offense,
not more than $100; and for third offense and thereafter, not more than $200 or revo
cation of physician’s or midwife’s license. 1914, N o. 174, p. 292.
Maine.— Reddened, inflamed eyes of infant under 4 weeks to be reported b y mid
wife, nurse, or person having charge, at once, to physician. Penalty, not more than
$100 or six months. Rev. Stat. 1903, c. 18, s. 90.
Maryland.— Reddenedj inflamed, swollen, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or other attendant than physician, immediately,
to health officer or physician. Penalty, not more than $5. A nno. Code, vol. 3,1914,
art. 43, s. 79.
Massachusetts.— Inflamed, swollen, red; discharging eyes of infant under 2 wedks
to be reported b y physician, nurse, relative, or other attendant, within six hours, to
health officer, Penalty, physician, not less than $50 nor more than $200; other, not
more than $100. Rev. Laws, 1902, c. 75, s. 49, as amended 1914, c. 177; s. 50, as amended
1907, c. 480.
Michigan.— Redness, swelling, inflammation or discharge of eyes of infant under 2
weeks to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or person having charge, within six hours,
to physician. Penalty, not more than $100 or six months, or both. 1913, N o. 123,
p. 221.
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TABULAR STATEMENT OF INFANT-W ELFARE WORK.
113
Minnesota.— Inflamed, reddened, diseased eyes of infant under 2 months to be
reported b y midwife, nurse, parent, or other person having charge, within 12 hours,
to health officer. Infraction a misdemeanor. Regulation State Board o f Health.
Mississippi.— Inflamed, reddened, swollen, discharging eyes of infant, within
2 weeks, to b e reported b y physician, midwife, nurse,^ relative, maternity home or
hospital, parent, or other person in attendance, within six hours, to local health
officer. Penalty, first offense $50; second, $100; and thereafter, $200. 1916, c. 115.
Missouri.— Red, swollen, discharging eyes o£ infant under 3 weeks to be reported,
at once, b y midwife, nurse, or person having charge, to physician. Penalty, $10 to
$100, or not more than six months, or both. Rev. Stat. 1909, ss. 8821-8323.
Nebraska.—Ophthalmia neonatorum classed as a contagious disease; physician
required to report to State board of health within 24 hours; head of fam ily or other
person to report to local board of health. Rules and Regulations, Nov. 9, 1915.
New Hampshire.—Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2
weeks to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or person having charge, within six hours,
to the board of health; physicians to report within 24 hours. Penalty, not more
than $25. 1915, c. 85.
New Jersey.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or other attendant than physician, within six hours,
to board of health. Penalty, $50. Comp. Stat. 1910, Health, p. 2738.
New Ybrk.— Inflamed, reddened eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be reported b y
midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, immediately, to health officer or
physician. Midwife, nurse, etc., must not use remedies. Infraction a misdemeanor.
Con. Laws 1909, c. 40, Penal Law, s. 482. Public Health Manual, State Dept, o f Health,
p. 129.
■
North Carolina.— Inflamed, reddened eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be reported
b y midwife, nurse, or person acting as nurse, within six hours, to health officer or
physician. Penalty, $5 to $10. 1915, c. 272.
North Dakota.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2
weeks to be reported b y parents or other attendant than physician, within six hours,
to health officer. Penalty, $10 to $50. Comp. Laws, 1913, s. 3170.
Ohio.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be
reported b y physician, midwife, nurse, parent, relative, or other attendant, etc.,
within six hours, to local health officer. Penalty, $50 to $100, and $100 to $300 for
second or subsequent offense. Gen. Code, 1910, ss. 1248-1 to 1248-7 as added by 1915,
p.S21. (See also s. 12787.)
Oregon.—:Inflamed, swollen, or reddened eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be reported
b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, within 24 hours, to health officer
or physician. Penalty, $25 to $100, or not more than 30 days, or both. 1915, c. 210.
Pennsylvania.— Inflamed eyes of infant to be reported b y physician to health officer
or State department of health. Inflamed, swollen, reddened eyes of infant under 2
weeks to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or other person having care of infant, within
six hours, to health officer or State department of health and physician. Penalty,
$20 to $100, or 10 to 30 days, or both. 1913, No. 295.
Rhode Island.— Inflamed, reddened, swollen, discharging eyes of infant under 2
weeks to be reported b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, w i t h i n six
hours, to health officer or physician. Penalty, not more than $100, or six months,
or both. Gen. Laws 1909, c. 343, s. 25, as amended 1914, c. 1081.
South Caro Una— I nflamed, reddened eyes of infant at any time after birth to be
reported b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, immediately, to health
officer. Penalty, not more than $25, or one month, or both. Crim. Code 1912, s. 443.
South Dakota.— Inflamed eyes of infant, within two months, to be reported b y mid
wife, nurse, parent, or other person having charge, within 12 hours, to health officer.
Rule 61, Reg. Board o f Health, July 25,1913.
Tennessee.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks
to be reported b y nurse, midwife, or other person having charge, within six hours, to
health officer or physician. Penalty, $5 to $100, or six months, or both. 1915, c.52.
(See also 1911, c. 10.).
Texas.— Inflamed, reddened eyes of newborn infant to be reported b y midwife,
nurse, or other attendant than physician, within 12 hours, to health officer or physi
cian. Penalty, $10 to $1,000. Rev. Civ. Stat. 1911, art. 4529, as amended 1911, c. 95.
Utah.— Inflamed, discharging eyes of newborn infant to be reported b y physician
or midwife, within six hours, to health officer. Penalty, as for misdemeanor. 1911
p. 61.
Vermont.— Inflamed, swollen, red, discharging eyes of infant, within 2 weeks, to
be reported b y nurse, relative, or other person having charge, within six hours, to
health officer. Rule 29, State Board o f Health.
36248°—16----- 8
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TABULAE STATEMENT OF IN FAN T-W ELFAEE W O RK.
Washington.-—Red, swollen, discharging eyes of infant under two weeks, to be
reported b y m i d w i f e , nurse, or other person in charge, immediately, to health officer
or physician. Regulation State Board o f Health, July 15, 1912.
West Virginia.— Inflamed, swollen, reddened, discharging eyes of infant, to be
reported b y midwife, nurse, or other person having charge, within six hours, to local
health officer. Regulation 100, Public Health Council, adopted January 25, 1916;
effective April 1, 1916. Penalty, $10 to $300 and 30 days. 1915, c. 11, s. 8.
Wisconsin.— Reddened, swollen, discharging eyes of infant under 2 weeks to be
reported b y nurse, parents, or other person having charge, within six hours, to health
officer. Penalty, not more than $100. Stat. 1915, c. 56, s. 1409a-2.1; 1409a-4.
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