Full text of 1999 : Text File, USDL - 00-349
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: (202) 691-6567 USDL 00-349
For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact: 691-5902 Tuesday, November 28, 2000
AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1999
Average annual pay of employees within the nation's 316 metropolitan
areas increased by 4.4 percent from 1998 to 1999, according to preliminary
data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The over-the-year gain was smaller than 1998's gain of 5.2 percent. (See
chart 1.) Annual pay in metropolitan areas averaged $34,868 in 1999, up
from $33,407 in 1998.
Average annual pay for the entire nation, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
areas combined, was $33,313 in 1999, a 4.3 percent increase from 1998.
(Average annual pay by state and industry was issued on Nov. 17, 2000,
in USDL 00-339.)
Average annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by
employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws
covering 127.0 million full- and part-time jobs. Average annual pay is
computed by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI
programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical
Note.) Pay differences between areas reflect the varying composition of
employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other
factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in these
characteristics, as well as changes in the level of average pay. Table 1
of this release contains pay data for Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan
Statistical Areas within the United States and Puerto Rico; table 2
includes averages and rankings for the areas designated as Consolidated
Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.) New
Jersey data were not available for the fourth quarter of 1999 and therefore
are not shown for 1999. Totals for the United States were calculated using
estimated 1999 data for New Jersey. The data for the six metropolitan
areas within Puerto Rico are not included in the averages for all
metropolitan areas.
Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas
San Jose, Calif., the hub of Silicon Valley, led the nation with an
average annual pay level of $61,110 in 1999. (See table 1.) New York,
N.Y., had the second highest average annual pay level ($52,351), followed
by San Francisco, Calif. ($50,169), New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-
Danbury, Conn. ($47,142), and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash. ($43,921).
The first four of these Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) occupied the
same slots last year. Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas
ranged from 26 to 75 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas
in the nation. Of the 307 metropolitan areas in the nation, excluding
those with New Jersey components, 29 reported average annual pay levels
above the national metropolitan pay average of $34,868. (The nation's
metropolitan average annual pay was calculated using estimated New Jersey
data.)
- 2 -
Excluding MSAs within Puerto Rico, Jacksonville, N.C., continued to
record the lowest average annual pay among metropolitan areas in 1999
($20,280). The second lowest pay occurred in Yuma, Ariz. ($20,363),
followed by Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex. ($20,997), McAllen-
Edinburg-Mission, Tex. ($21,105), and Myrtle Beach, S.C. ($21,691). These
five MSAs had the lowest average annual pay in 1998 as well.
The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1998 to 1999
occurred in San Jose, Calif. (18.9 percent). The next largest increases
were in Barnstable-Yarmouth, Mass., and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash.
(10.2 percent each), followed by Austin-San Marcos, Tex. (10.1 percent),
and San Francisco, Calif. (9.9 percent).
From 1998 to 1999, 275 metropolitan areas experienced less than the
average growth in annual pay (4.4 percent). Of these, 5 MSAs had growth
around 1 percent; 14 metropolitan areas experienced growth of less than 1
percent; and 9 metropolitan areas reported a decline in average annual pay.
Comparison of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
Average annual pay within the nation's nonmetropolitan areas rose 3.8
percent in 1999, compared with 4.4 percent in metropolitan areas. (See
chart 2.) Average annual pay in nonmetropolitan areas in 1999 was $25,993,
up from $25,039 in 1998. In 1999, nonmetropolitan average annual pay was
25 percent less than metropolitan average annual pay, a difference of
$8,875. The difference between nonmetropolitan and metropolitan pay has
gradually widened over the years. In 1980, the difference between the two
pay levels amounted to approximately 16 percent. A difference of 22
percent was reported in 1988.
With the exception of 1993 and 1994, growth in total metropolitan
average annual pay outpaced that of nonmetropolitan average annual pay over
the last 10 years. (MSA historical data are not directly comparable due to
revisions of metropolitan area definitions.) Average annual pay is based
on place of employment, not residence.
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Average annual pay for the nation's 18 Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (CMSAs) rose by 4.9 percent from 1998 to 1999, from
$37,851 to $39,695. (See table 2.) This was lower than the previous
year's growth rate of 5.4 percent.
The San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif., consolidated metropolitan
area had the highest pay level, $48,073. The second highest pay level was
recorded in Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H.
($40,903), followed by Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. ($40,612), Detroit-
Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. ($39,926), and Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-
W.Va. ($39,675). (New Jersey data were not available for this release;
therefore, data for the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-
Conn.-Pa., and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.,
CMSAs are not included in this release.)
- 3 -
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., had the lowest average annual pay level
($31,725) of the consolidated metropolitan areas in the nation for the
sixth consecutive year. Cleveland-Akron, Ohio, had the second lowest
($32,903), followed by Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ($33,296),
Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($33,301), and Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. ($33,408).
The highest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1998 to 1999
was in the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. consolidated metropolitan
area, at 11.5 percent. The next largest increases were in Seattle-Tacoma-
Bremerton, Wash. (9.2 percent), Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo. (6.8 percent),
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. (6.7 percent), and
Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex. (5.0 percent).
None of the consolidated metropolitan areas reported a decline in
average annual pay in 1999. The smallest increases occurred in Cleveland-
Akron, Ohio (2.8 percent), and Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. (3.4 percent).
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex., Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
Calif., and Sacramento-Yolo, Calif., reported increases of 3.6 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------
| 1999 average annual pay and other data from the Covered|
|Employment and Wages program will be available on the BLS|
|web site at http://stats.bls.gov/cewnote.htm in early |
|December. |
---------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note
These data are the product of a Federal-State cooperative program known
as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are
derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by
unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment
Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a by-product of the
administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most
employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of
workers covered by UI. Data for 1999 are preliminary and subject to
revision.
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for
federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution
reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly
contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within
a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of
their establishments. Average annual pay data included in this release are
derived from microdata summaries of 7.8 million employer reports of
employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of
residence.
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to
state. In 1999, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 127.0 million
jobs. The estimated 122 million workers in these jobs (after adjustment
for multiple jobholders) represented 99.0 percent of wage and salary
civilian employment. Multiple jobholder estimates are produced by the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Covered workers received $4.232 trillion
in pay, representing 94.7 percent of the wage and salary component
of personal income and 45.5 percent of the gross domestic product. About
82 percent of all covered workers were employed in metropolitan areas.
Total wages of workers in metropolitan areas comprised approximately 86
percent of all covered wages in the United States.
Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1999 included most
agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces,
elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some
domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain
small nonprofit organizations.
Concepts and methodology
Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of
employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these
employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value
of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some
states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, such
as 401(k) plans, and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the
number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period
including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of
covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers,
corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical
workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers also are included.
Percent changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1998 data
as the base. These final 1998 data may differ from the preliminary 1998
data previously published.
Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time
workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying
occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels among metropolitan
areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay
data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be
employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one
employer. Also, year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from
a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low-wage jobs, as
well as from changes in the level of average annual pay.
In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify
with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and
ownership classifications of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes
in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification
process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the
year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting also are
introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially
at more detailed geographic levels, may not be strictly comparable with
earlier years.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas
for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions as
needed each summer. Data in this release use metropolitan area criteria
established by OMB in definitions issued June 23, 1998 (OMB Bulletin No. 98-
06). These definitions reflect information obtained from the 1990
Decennial Census and the 1996 and 1997 Bureau of the Census population
estimates. Metropolitan statistical area definitions are typically
redefined on a yearly basis. A complete list of metropolitan area
definitions is available from the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), Document Sales, 5205 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161,
telephone 1-800-553-6847.
Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a free-
standing urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are free-standing areas within very
large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer
is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum
of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA).
The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively
designated and referred to as metropolitan areas. Nonmetropolitan areas
include counties which do not fall within defined metropolitan areas and also
establishments classified as foreign locations with U.S. workers, out-of-state
locations, and unknown locations.
Current metropolitan area definitions are based on standards published
in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990 (55 FR12154-12160). Under the
1990 standards, an area qualifies for recognition as an MSA in one of two
ways: (1) if it includes a city of at least 50,000 population, or (2) if
it includes a Bureau of the Census-defined urbanized area (of at least
50,000 population) and has a total metropolitan population of at least
100,000 (75,000 in New England). In addition to the county(ies) containing
the main city or urbanized area, an MSA may include additional counties
that have strong economic and social ties to the central county(ies) and
meet other specified requirements of metropolitan character. The ties are
determined chiefly by census data on commuting to work. An MSA may contain
more than one city of 50,000 population and may cross state lines.
An area that meets these requirements for recognition as an MSA but
also has a total population of one million or more may be recognized as a
CMSA if: (1) separate component areas can be identified within the entire
area by meeting specified statistical criteria, and (2) local opinion
indicates there is support for the component areas. If recognized, the
component areas are designated PMSAs, and the entire area becomes a CMSA.
If no PMSAs are recognized, the entire area is an MSA.
OMB defines metropolitan areas in terms of entire counties, except in
the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and
towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a
county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas
(NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the
Covered Employment and Wages program. NECMAs are county-based alternatives
to the city- and town-based metropolitan areas in New England. The NECMA
for an MSA or CMSA includes: (1) the county containing the first-named
city in that MSA/CMSA title (this county may include the first-named cities
of other MSAs/CMSAs), and (2) each additional county having at least half
its population in the MSA(s)/CMSA(s) whose first-named cities are in the
county identified in step 1.
Additional statistics and other information
Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are
available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Washington, DC 20212, telephone 202-691-6567 (e-mail: 202_info@bls.gov).
BLS issues three other reports which provide data from state UI and UCFE
programs. The 1999 news release for average annual pay by state and
industry was issued on Nov. 17, 2000 (USDL 00-339), and employment and
average annual average pay for large counties is scheduled to be released
soon. Also published from this program is the comprehensive bulletin,
Employment and Wages, which features information by detailed industry on
establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states.
Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 1999 will be available for sale in
early 2001 from the BLS Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago,
Illinois 60690.
This news release, along with other BLS statistics and information, is
available via the Internet at (http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Average annual pay for 1998 and 1999 for all covered workers(1) by metropolitan area
Average annual pay Ranking of
areas
Metropolitan area(2)
Percent By level of
1998 1999(3) change, average annual
1998-1999 pay for 1999
Metropolitan areas(4)............................... $33,407 $34,868 4.4 -
Abilene, TX........................................... 22,274 22,988 3.2 296
Aguadilla, PR......................................... 16,040 16,807 4.8 310
Akron, OH............................................. 30,698 30,990 1.0 80
Albany, GA............................................ 26,152 26,813 2.5 191
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY........................... 31,078 31,901 2.6 68
Albuquerque, NM....................................... 28,177 28,934 2.7 130
Alexandria, LA........................................ 23,884 23,962 0.3 278
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA........................ 30,712 32,154 4.7 62
Altoona, PA........................................... 24,494 25,352 3.5 246
Amarillo, TX.......................................... 24,930 25,632 2.8 236
Anchorage, AK......................................... 35,459 35,707 0.7 25
Ann Arbor, MI......................................... 34,331 35,733 4.1 24
Anniston, AL.......................................... 23,851 24,591 3.1 267
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI........................... 29,399 30,772 4.7 86
Arecibo, PR........................................... 15,083 15,505 2.8 313
Asheville, NC......................................... 25,728 26,504 3.0 205
Athens, GA............................................ 25,772 26,683 3.5 197
Atlanta, GA........................................... 35,405 37,341 5.5 21
Atlantic-Cape May, NJ................................. 28,509 (5) (5) (5)
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................................. 28,019 28,592 2.0 140
Austin-San Marcos, TX................................. 35,347 38,930 10.1 15
Bakersfield, CA....................................... 26,478 26,997 2.0 183
Baltimore, MD......................................... 32,731 33,837 3.4 39
Bangor, ME............................................ 25,374 26,219 3.3 215
Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA............................... 26,954 29,711 10.2 110
Baton Rouge, LA....................................... 28,309 28,793 1.7 132
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX.............................. 30,222 30,242 0.1 98
Bellingham, WA........................................ 24,795 25,605 3.3 237
Benton Harbor, MI..................................... 27,848 29,882 7.3 107
Bergen-Passaic, NJ.................................... 40,110 (5) (5) (5)
Billings, MT.......................................... 24,802 25,550 3.0 239
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS........................ 26,319 26,348 0.1 213
Binghamton, NY........................................ 28,445 29,167 2.5 126
Birmingham, AL........................................ 30,607 31,990 4.5 66
Bismarck, ND.......................................... 24,239 24,792 2.3 258
Bloomington, IN....................................... 25,810 26,141 1.3 219
Bloomington-Normal, IL................................ 31,437 32,888 4.6 50
Boise City, ID........................................ 28,000 29,864 6.7 108
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH...... 38,335 40,903 6.7 8
Boulder-Longmont, CO.................................. 37,817 40,002 5.8 10
Brazoria, TX.......................................... 32,945 33,266 1.0 45
Bremerton, WA......................................... 28,346 29,109 2.7 128
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX.................. 20,979 20,997 0.1 305
Bryan-College Station, TX............................. 22,348 23,413 4.8 288
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............................. 29,661 30,487 2.8 92
Burlington, VT........................................ 30,444 31,716 4.2 70
Caguas, PR............................................ 17,019 17,480 2.7 309
Canton-Massillon, OH.................................. 27,394 27,707 1.1 167
Casper, WY............................................ 25,094 25,683 2.3 234
Cedar Rapids, IA...................................... 31,375 32,441 3.4 55
Champaign-Urbana, IL.................................. 26,952 28,047 4.1 155
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....................... 25,245 26,410 4.6 209
Charleston, WV........................................ 28,477 29,105 2.2 129
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC................... 32,897 34,325 4.3 33
Charlottesville, VA................................... 28,601 29,394 2.8 119
Chattanooga, TN-GA.................................... 27,303 28,264 3.5 149
Cheyenne, WY.......................................... 24,312 25,249 3.9 250
Chicago, IL........................................... 37,745 39,536 4.7 13
Chico-Paradise, CA.................................... 23,195 24,115 4.0 274
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN.................................. 32,206 33,626 4.4 41
Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY....................... 23,052 23,775 3.1 283
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH........................... 32,354 33,437 3.3 42
Colorado Springs, CO.................................. 29,415 30,674 4.3 88
Columbia, MO.......................................... 25,666 26,547 3.4 202
Columbia, SC.......................................... 26,785 27,941 4.3 160
Columbus, GA-AL....................................... 25,047 26,131 4.3 221
Columbus, OH.......................................... 31,166 32,428 4.0 58
Corpus Christi, TX.................................... 26,553 26,940 1.5 186
Cumberland, MD-WV..................................... 23,697 24,084 1.6 275
Dallas, TX............................................ 37,309 39,281 5.3 14
Danville, VA.......................................... 23,892 24,681 3.3 265
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL................... 29,293 29,263 -0.1 125
Dayton-Springfield, OH................................ 31,196 32,362 3.7 59
Daytona Beach, FL..................................... 22,859 23,640 3.4 285
Decatur, AL........................................... 27,700 28,892 4.3 131
Decatur, IL........................................... 31,239 32,061 2.6 64
Denver, CO............................................ 35,606 38,133 7.1 16
Des Moines, IA........................................ 30,604 32,271 5.4 61
Detroit, MI........................................... 39,497 40,836 3.4 9
Dothan, AL............................................ 25,362 25,923 2.2 229
Dover, DE............................................. 25,974 26,408 1.7 210
Dubuque, IA........................................... 26,462 26,662 0.8 198
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI................................ 26,145 27,198 4.0 179
Dutchess County, NY................................... 33,568 35,256 5.0 28
Eau Claire, WI........................................ 24,601 25,318 2.9 248
El Paso, TX........................................... 23,691 24,275 2.5 270
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................................... 28,725 29,643 3.2 114
Elmira, NY............................................ 25,846 26,603 2.9 199
Enid, OK.............................................. 21,765 22,695 4.3 300
Erie, PA.............................................. 27,489 27,864 1.4 163
Eugene-Springfield, OR................................ 26,132 26,913 3.0 189
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY........................... 28,412 29,166 2.7 127
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN................................. 25,069 25,983 3.6 226
Fayetteville, NC...................................... 24,491 25,120 2.6 254
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR.................... 26,133 27,679 5.9 168
Flagstaff, AZ-UT...................................... 23,419 23,814 1.7 282
Flint, MI............................................. 34,580 35,658 3.1 26
Florence, AL.......................................... 23,617 24,792 5.0 259
Florence, SC.......................................... 25,273 26,101 3.3 222
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............................. 29,165 30,019 2.9 104
Fort Lauderdale, FL................................... 30,006 31,210 4.0 76
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL............................. 25,300 26,451 4.5 207
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL........................ 25,558 26,044 1.9 224
Fort Smith, AR-OK..................................... 23,901 24,731 3.5 263
Fort Walton Beach, FL................................. 23,492 23,913 1.8 279
Fort Wayne, IN........................................ 28,847 30,052 4.2 103
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX.............................. 31,662 32,961 4.1 49
Fresno, CA............................................ 23,856 24,734 3.7 262
Gadsden, AL........................................... 24,476 24,740 1.1 261
Gainesville, FL....................................... 24,923 25,166 1.0 252
Galveston-Texas City, TX.............................. 28,238 28,371 0.5 146
Gary, IN.............................................. 30,510 30,455 -0.2 94
Glens Falls, NY....................................... 26,059 26,140 0.3 220
Goldsboro, NC......................................... 23,116 23,989 3.8 277
Grand Forks, ND-MN.................................... 22,783 23,385 2.6 292
Grand Junction, CO.................................... 24,553 25,312 3.1 249
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..................... 31,060 31,913 2.7 67
Great Falls, MT....................................... 22,509 23,153 2.9 294
Greeley, CO........................................... 26,404 27,384 3.7 175
Green Bay, WI......................................... 29,789 30,632 2.8 90
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC............. 28,610 29,676 3.7 112
Greenville, NC........................................ 25,447 26,515 4.2 204
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC................... 27,663 28,704 3.8 134
Hagerstown, MD........................................ 26,525 27,637 4.2 170
Hamilton-Middletown, OH............................... 29,897 30,980 3.6 81
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA....................... 30,416 31,487 3.5 72
Hartford, CT.......................................... 38,490 39,954 3.8 11
Hattiesburg, MS....................................... 22,880 23,615 3.2 286
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......................... 24,941 25,965 4.1 228
Honolulu, HI.......................................... 30,260 30,971 2.3 83
Houma, LA............................................. 27,147 27,091 -0.2 181
Houston, TX........................................... 36,729 38,114 3.8 17
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH.......................... 25,099 25,577 1.9 238
Huntsville, AL........................................ 33,789 34,225 1.3 35
Indianapolis, IN...................................... 32,487 33,655 3.6 40
Iowa City, IA......................................... 27,232 28,578 4.9 141
Jackson, MI........................................... 29,488 30,828 4.5 85
Jackson, MS........................................... 27,073 28,074 3.7 153
Jackson, TN........................................... 26,788 27,811 3.8 165
Jacksonville, FL...................................... 29,955 29,918 -0.1 106
Jacksonville, NC...................................... 19,818 20,280 2.3 307
Jamestown, NY......................................... 24,660 24,813 0.6 257
Janesville-Beloit, WI................................. 29,867 30,501 2.1 91
Jersey City, NJ....................................... 40,079 (5) (5) (5)
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA................. 25,695 26,142 1.7 218
Johnstown, PA......................................... 23,160 24,018 3.7 276
Jonesboro, AR......................................... 23,655 24,375 3.0 269
Joplin, MO............................................ 23,469 24,245 3.3 271
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI............................ 30,601 31,246 2.1 75
Kankakee, IL.......................................... 26,399 27,293 3.4 178
Kansas City, MO-KS.................................... 31,276 33,026 5.6 47
Kenosha, WI........................................... 28,906 30,073 4.0 102
Killeen-Temple, TX.................................... 23,145 23,879 3.2 280
Knoxville, TN......................................... 27,700 28,597 3.2 139
Kokomo, IN............................................ 37,532 39,653 5.7 12
La Crosse, WI-MN...................................... 24,928 25,972 4.2 227
Lafayette, LA......................................... 26,528 26,146 -1.4 217
Lafayette, IN......................................... 28,752 29,296 1.9 123
Lake Charles, LA...................................... 27,757 27,957 0.7 159
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL............................. 26,188 26,914 2.8 188
Lancaster, PA......................................... 28,539 29,452 3.2 118
Lansing-East Lansing, MI.............................. 30,945 32,434 4.8 56
Laredo, TX............................................ 22,169 22,653 2.2 301
Las Cruces, NM........................................ 22,707 22,798 0.4 297
Las Vegas, NV-AZ...................................... 29,803 30,634 2.8 89
Lawrence, KS.......................................... 22,840 23,643 3.5 284
Lawton, OK............................................ 23,068 23,087 0.1 295
Lewiston-Auburn, ME................................... 24,368 25,364 4.1 244
Lexington, KY......................................... 28,151 29,319 4.1 122
Lima, OH.............................................. 27,231 28,210 3.6 150
Lincoln, NE........................................... 26,602 27,431 3.1 174
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR..................... 27,698 28,620 3.3 138
Longview-Marshall, TX................................. 25,387 25,865 1.9 232
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA............................ 36,571 37,748 3.2 19
Louisville, KY-IN..................................... 29,172 30,473 4.5 93
Lubbock, TX........................................... 24,618 24,727 0.4 264
Lynchburg, VA......................................... 26,041 26,857 3.1 190
Macon, GA............................................. 27,692 28,355 2.4 147
Madison, WI........................................... 29,863 31,097 4.1 77
Mansfield, OH......................................... 26,660 27,307 2.4 177
Mayaguez, PR.......................................... 15,487 16,047 3.6 312
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX.......................... 20,689 21,105 2.0 304
Medford-Ashland, OR................................... 24,275 25,677 5.8 235
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..................... 29,492 29,961 1.6 105
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................................... 31,285 32,591 4.2 52
Merced, CA............................................ 22,380 23,502 5.0 287
Miami-Dade, FL........................................ 30,867 32,059 3.9 65
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ...................... 44,567 (5) (5) (5)
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI................................ 32,130 33,375 3.9 43
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........................... 35,624 37,248 4.6 22
Missoula, MT.......................................... 23,266(6) 24,127(7) 3.7 273
Mobile, AL............................................ 25,832 26,595 3.0 200
Modesto, CA........................................... 26,040 26,958 3.5 185
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ.................................... 33,233 (5) (5) (5)
Monroe, LA............................................ 24,520 25,356 3.4 245
Montgomery, AL........................................ 26,159 27,309 4.4 176
Muncie, IN............................................ 26,490 26,775 1.1 193
Myrtle Beach, SC...................................... 20,762 21,691 4.5 303
Naples, FL............................................ 26,802 28,008 4.5 157
Nashville, TN......................................... 30,691 31,711 3.3 71
Nassau-Suffolk, NY.................................... 35,783 36,944 3.2 23
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, CT... 44,812 47,142 5.2 4
New London-Norwich, CT................................ 34,618 35,409 2.3 27
New Orleans, LA....................................... 28,984 29,365 1.3 120
New York, NY.......................................... 50,381 52,351 3.9 2
Newark, NJ............................................ 42,906 (5) (5) (5)
Newburgh, NY-PA....................................... 26,870 27,671 3.0 169
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC............ 26,131 27,156 3.9 180
Oakland, CA........................................... 38,559 40,975 6.3 7
Ocala, FL............................................. 23,591 24,196 2.6 272
Odessa-Midland, TX.................................... 28,384 27,785 -2.1 166
Oklahoma City, OK..................................... 25,972 26,700 2.8 196
Olympia, WA........................................... 28,456 29,702 4.4 111
Omaha, NE-IA.......................................... 28,593 30,084 5.2 101
Orange County, CA..................................... 35,717 37,487 5.0 20
Orlando, FL........................................... 27,796 28,781 3.5 133
Owensboro, KY......................................... 24,107 25,077 4.0 255
Panama City, FL....................................... 23,916 23,841 -0.3 281
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH........................... 26,426 26,770 1.3 194
Pensacola, FL......................................... 24,888 25,172 1.1 251
Peoria-Pekin, IL...................................... 30,749 31,784 3.4 69
Philadelphia, PA-NJ................................... 36,231 (5) (5) (5)
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................................... 31,197 32,430 4.0 57
Pine Bluff, AR........................................ 24,777 25,339 2.3 247
Pittsburgh, PA........................................ 31,369 33,057 5.4 46
Pittsfield, MA........................................ 28,882 29,629 2.6 115
Pocatello, ID......................................... 22,656 23,322 2.9 293
Ponce, PR............................................. 15,720 16,198 3.0 311
Portland, ME.......................................... 28,897 30,412 5.2 96
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA............................. 32,840 34,380 4.7 32
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI...................... 30,092 31,053 3.2 78
Provo-Orem, UT........................................ 25,292 26,543 4.9 203
Pueblo, CO............................................ 23,952 24,605 2.7 266
Punta Gorda, FL....................................... 23,144 23,393 1.1 291
Racine, WI............................................ 31,348 32,532 3.8 54
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC........................ 32,821 34,866 6.2 30
Rapid City, SD........................................ 22,204 23,406 5.4 289
Reading, PA........................................... 30,541 31,002 1.5 79
Redding, CA........................................... 25,399 25,906 2.0 230
Reno, NV.............................................. 29,832 31,380 5.2 74
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......................... 29,517 30,088 1.9 100
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............................... 31,404 33,012 5.1 48
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA.......................... 27,529 28,328 2.9 148
Roanoke, VA........................................... 26,750 28,011 4.7 156
Rochester, MN......................................... 33,125 35,025 5.7 29
Rochester, NY......................................... 32,084 32,588 1.6 53
Rockford, IL.......................................... 30,598 31,441 2.8 73
Rocky Mount, NC....................................... 25,729 26,798 4.2 192
Sacramento, CA........................................ 32,979 34,266 3.9 34
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI.......................... 33,330 33,990 2.0 36
St. Cloud, MN......................................... 26,207 26,148 -0.2 216
St. Joseph, MO........................................ 25,104 26,000 3.6 225
St. Louis, MO-IL...................................... 32,256 33,345 3.4 44
Salem, OR............................................. 25,738 26,931 4.6 187
Salinas, CA........................................... 27,279 28,500 4.5 143
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT.............................. 28,370 29,486 3.9 117
San Angelo, TX........................................ 23,454 24,521 4.5 268
San Antonio, TX....................................... 26,976 28,068 4.0 154
San Diego, CA......................................... 32,210 34,690 7.7 31
San Francisco, CA..................................... 45,644 50,169 9.9 3
San Jose, CA.......................................... 51,397 61,110 18.9 1
San Juan-Bayamon, PR.................................. 19,113 19,720 3.2 308
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA............ 25,853 26,441 2.3 208
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA.................. 29,279 30,092 2.8 99
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA............................ 28,836 30,975 7.4 82
Santa Fe, NM.......................................... 26,924 27,559 2.4 172
Santa Rosa, CA........................................ 30,631 32,077 4.7 63
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL................................ (8) 25,506 (8) 241
Savannah, GA.......................................... 27,745 28,643 3.2 136
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA.................. 26,068 26,593 2.0 201
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA.......................... 39,849 43,921 10.2 5
Sharon, PA............................................ 24,868 25,442 2.3 242
Sheboygan, WI......................................... 28,164 29,622 5.2 116
Sherman-Denison, TX................................... 27,026 28,098 4.0 152
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA........................... 25,546 26,272 2.8 214
Sioux City, IA-NE..................................... 24,793 25,440 2.6 243
Sioux Falls, SD....................................... 25,969 26,964 3.8 184
South Bend, IN........................................ 27,683 28,632 3.4 137
Spokane, WA........................................... 26,553 27,566 3.8 171
Springfield, IL....................................... 32,610 33,990 4.2 37
Springfield, MO....................................... 24,733 25,508 3.1 240
Springfield, MA....................................... 29,392 30,281 3.0 97
State College, PA..................................... 26,964 27,971 3.7 158
Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV........................... 26,346 26,742 1.5 195
Stockton-Lodi, CA..................................... 27,011 27,921 3.4 162
Sumter, SC............................................ 22,206 22,758 2.5 298
Syracuse, NY.......................................... 29,593 30,423 2.8 95
Tacoma, WA............................................ 27,482 28,654 4.3 135
Tallahassee, FL....................................... 26,920 27,544 2.3 173
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL................... 28,249 29,342 3.9 121
Terre Haute, IN....................................... 25,515 26,402 3.5 211
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR........................... 24,212 24,828 2.5 256
Toledo, OH............................................ 29,705 30,890 4.0 84
Topeka, KS............................................ 27,472 28,464 3.6 144
Trenton, NJ........................................... 41,612 (5) (5) (5)
Tucson, AZ............................................ 26,764 28,194 5.3 151
Tulsa, OK............................................. 28,670 29,273 2.1 124
Tuscaloosa, AL........................................ 27,001 28,384 5.1 145
Tyler, TX............................................. 27,568 28,505 3.4 142
Utica-Rome, NY........................................ 25,194 25,881 2.7 231
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA............................ 28,309 29,674 4.8 113
Ventura, CA........................................... 31,973 33,927 6.1 38
Victoria, TX.......................................... 25,335 25,707 1.5 233
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ...................... 30,198 (5) (5) (5)
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........................ 21,826 22,703 4.0 299
Waco, TX.............................................. 25,468 26,487 4.0 206
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV............................... 40,585 42,601 5.0 6
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA.............................. 26,697 26,352 -1.3 212
Wausau, WI............................................ 26,951 27,853 3.3 164
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL........................ 31,877 32,609 2.3 51
Wheeling, WV-OH....................................... 23,594 24,792 5.1 260
Wichita, KS........................................... 30,479 30,770 1.0 87
Wichita Falls, TX..................................... 23,000 23,395 1.7 290
Williamsport, PA...................................... 25,141 26,101 3.8 223
Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD.............................. 36,758 37,990 3.4 18
Wilmington, NC........................................ 25,621 27,017 5.4 182
Yakima, WA............................................ 21,518 22,400 4.1 302
Yolo, CA.............................................. 32,025 32,341 1.0 60
York, PA.............................................. 29,280 29,817 1.8 109
Youngstown-Warren, OH................................. 27,110 27,932 3.0 161
Yuba City, CA......................................... 23,983 25,129 4.8 253
Yuma, AZ.............................................. 19,894 20,363 2.4 306
1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE) programs.
2 Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June
1999. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See
Technical Note.
3 Data are preliminary.
4 Totals were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the fourth quarter in 1999 and do not
include the six MSAs within Puerto Rico.
5 MSAs containing New Jersey data are not available for 1999. Please see text for more information.
6 Data are being provided for over-the-year comparison purposes only.
7 Data consists of a new MSA.
8 Data are not available for release.
Table 2. Average annual pay for 1998 and 1999 for all covered workers(1) by Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Area
Average annual pay Ranking of
areas
Consolidated metropolitan
statistical area(2)
Percent By level of
1998 1999(3) change, average annual
1998-1999 pay for 1999
Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas(4)........ $37,851 $39,695 4.9 -
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA-NH........ 38,335 40,903 6.7 2
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.......................... 37,094 38,765 4.5 6
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN........................... 31,919 33,296 4.3 14
Cleveland-Akron, OH..................................... 31,994 32,903 2.8 15
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................................... 35,718 37,503 5.0 9
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.............................. 35,415 37,833 6.8 7
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI............................. 38,599 39,926 3.4 4
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria,TX........................... 36,247 37,550 3.6 8
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA................. 34,932 36,182 3.6 10
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............................... 30,530 31,725 3.9 16
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................................... 32,062 33,301 3.9 13
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA... 44,582 (5) (5) (5)
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD...... 35,666 (5) (5) (5)
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................................... 31,913 33,408 4.7 12
Sacramento-Yolo, CA..................................... 32,877 34,062 3.6 11
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA...................... 43,127 48,073 11.5 1
San Juan-Caguas-Arecibo, PR............................. 18,734 19,319 3.1 17
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA............................ 37,174 40,612 9.2 3
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV....................... 37,928 39,675 4.6 5
1 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal
Employees (UCFE) programs.
2 Includes data for Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 1999. In the New England
areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note.
3 Data are preliminary.
4 Totals were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the fourth quarter in 1999 and do not
include the six MSAs within Puerto Rico.
5 CMSAs containing New Jersey data are not available for 1999. Please see text for more information.