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. a, <inu>; q Occupational Employment in Manufacturing Industries U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics December 1985 Bulletin 2248 JAN 3 0 1386 F o r sa le by th e S u p erin ten d en t o f D ocu m en ts, U .S. G overnm ent P r in tin g Office W ash in gton , D.C. 20402 Occupational Employment in Manufacturing Industries U.S. Department of Labor William E. Brock, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner December 1985 Bulletin 2248 Preface for many data users, including individuals and organizations engaged in planning vocational education programs, training programs supported by the Job Partnership Training Act, and higher education, o e s data are also used to prepare information for career counseling, for job placement activities performed at State employment security offices, and for personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises. This bulletin was prepared in the Office o f Employ ment and Unemployment Statistics, Division o f Oc cupational and Administrative Statistics, by Thomas P. Williams and Barbara L. Keitt under the direction of Glyn Finley. Kevin Tidemann provided data processing support. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This bulletin provides data from a 1983 survey o f oc cupational employment in manufacturing industries. Earlier surveys o f manufacturing industries were con ducted in 1971, 1974, 1977, and 1980. These surveys were supplemented with the fmancial assistance o f the National Science Foundation. Results o f the 1980 survey were published in Bulletin 2133, Occupational Employment in Manufacturing Industries. The nonmanufacturing sector was surveyed in 1981 and 1982. Results o f the 1981 survey were published in Bulletin 2186, Occupational Employment in Mining Construction, Finance, and Services. Data for the 1982 survey were published in Bulletin 2220, Occupational Employment in Transportation, Utilities, and Trade. Communications, These periodic surveys are part of a Federal-State cooperative program o f occupational employment statistics ( o e s ). The o e s program provides information iii Contents Page Introduction................................................................................................................................................ Sum m ary.................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Food and kindred p rod ucts.................................................................................................................... Tobacco products..................................................................................................................................... Textile mill products................................................................................................................................. Apparel and other textile products........................................................................................................ Lumber and wood products.................................................................................................................... Furniture and fixtures............................................................................................................................... Paper and allied products......................................................................................................................... Printing and publishing........................................................................................................................... Chemicals and allied products................................................................................................................ Petroleum refining and related industries............................................................................................. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics p rod u cts....................................................................................... Leather and leather products.................................................................................................................. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products......................................................................................... Primary metal prod ucts........................................................ Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipm ent.............................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment.............................................................. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies......................................................... Transportation equipment...................................................................................................................... Instruments and related p rod ucts.......................................................................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ind u stries............................................................................................. 6 12 16 22 27 33 39 45 51 57 62 68 73 79 86 93 100 107 114 120 Reference tables: 1. Employment in manufacturing industries, 1983...................................................................... 2. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1983 ............... 3. Percent distribution of employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1983............................................................................................................ 4 5 5 Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Food and kindred products, June 1983 ..................................................................................... Tobacco products, June 1983 ...................................................................................................... Textile mill products, April 1983 ............................................................................................... Apparel and other textile products, April 1983 ...................................................................... Lumber and wood products, May 1983..................................................................................... Furniture and fixtures, May 1983............................................................................................... Paper and allied products, April 1983 ....................................................................................... Printing and publishing, May 1983 ........................................................................................... Chemicals and allied products, June 1983................................................................................ Petroleum refining and related industries, May 1983 ......................................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products, June 1983 ....................................................... Leather and leather products, April 1983 ................................................................................ V 7 13 17 23 28 34 40 46 52 58 63 69 Contents—Continued Page 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products, May 1983............................................................. Primary metal products, April 1983 ......................................................................................... Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment, June 1983 Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment, June 1983 ............................ Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies, June 1983 ....................... Transportation equipment, June 1983....................................................................................... Instruments and related products, April 1983 ........................................................................ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries, May 1983 ............................................................. 74 80 87 94 101 108 115 121 Appendixes: A. Survey methods and reliability o f estimates............................................................................ 127 B. The o e s classification system ...................................................................................................... 131 C. O es survey data available from State agencies........................................................................ 133 vi Introduction presented for each industry under the following headings: Employment, percent o f total employment, relative error, and percent o f establishments reporting the occupation. Employment is based upon survey results adjusted to reflect total industry employment. The percent o f total employment refers to total employment in a particular industry. Relative error measures the level o f confidence to be placed in each estimate. The percentage of establishments reporting a particular occupation in dicates the frequency o f occurrence o f the occupation. Occupations with fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent o f industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 percent are not shown Data presented separately but are included in the appropriate residual This bulletin presents national data on occupational categories. Employment is rounded to the nearest ten. employment for 2-digit sic industries.1 Data are The relative error and percent o f respondents reporting 1 Occupational employment data at the more detailed 3-digit level the occupation are rounded to the nearest whole per are available upon request from the Office of Employment and cent. The percent of total employment was computed Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Definitions for from rounded employment data. all occupations surveyed are also available upon request. The Occupational Employment Statistics ( o e s ) Survey is designed to collect data on occupational employment o f wage and salary workers by industry in nonagricultural establishments. The Bureau o f Labor Statistics provides the procedures and technical assistance for the survey, and State employment security agencies collect the data. In 1983, 50 States, the District o f Columbia, and Puerto Rico participated in the survey, compared with 49 States in 1980, 43 States in 1977, and 29 States in 1974. Data for Puerto Rico are not included in the estimates in this publication. They are available, as are data for each State, from employment security agen cies listed on the inside back cover of this bulletin. 1 Summary ment in each by major occupational group. Throughout, changes in occupational employment aris ing from changes in classification since the last survey, rather than actual changes in establishment staffing pat terns, are noted. These sections also present detailed oc cupational employment data by industry segment (2-digit Sic). In 1983, manufacturing employment covered by this survey totaled 18.4 million, or about 20 percent1 of all nonagricultural wage and salary workers in the Nation. As shown in table 1, three-fifths o f these workers were employed in the durable goods segment o f manufactur ing. Representing more than half o f durable goods employment were the machinery, electrical and elec tronic equipment, and transportation equipment in dustries. The nondurable goods industries constituted 40 percent of manufacturing employment. Among these, the largest were food and kindred products, ap parel and other textile products, and the printing and publishing industry, together accounting for over half o f nondurable goods employment. Managerial and administrative workers Persons holding positions as managerial and ad ministrative workers are primarily concerned with policymaking, planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling activities common to many types of organizations. Occupations included in this group are plant, office, and sales managers and corporate officers such as president, secretary, and treasurer. First-line supervisors, such as blue-collar worker and clerical supervisors, however, are included in the same occupa tional division as the workers they supervise. The new coding structure incorporates a new classification: Firstline supervisor—sales. These supervisory workers are now included in the sales rather than in the managers/administrators group. (See appendix B.) In 1983, managerial and administrative workers numbered more than 1 million, representing nearly 6 percent of total employment in the manufacturing sec tor. The durable goods segment employed three-fifths of the workers in this occupational group. The largest concentrations o f managerial and administrative workers were found in the machinery and electrical and electronic equipment industries. Major occupational groups A new occupational classification system, designed to better suit the needs of both data users and data pro ducers, was used for the first time in this survey. First, it emphasizes occupations of special interest, such as technology-related occupations, and those requiring substantial training. Additionally, it is more compatible with the Standard Occupational Classification System used for a variety o f other occupational data. Also, to aid data collectors and respondents, the new structure is more concise. A detailed explanation o f the new classification system is given in appendix B. Under the new classification system, workers are classified by occupation into seven major occupational groups: Managerial and administrative workers; profes sional, paraprofessional, and technical workers; sales and related workers; clerical and administrative support workers; service workers; agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers; and production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling workers. Tables 2 and 3 present the distribution of employment in the various industries surveyed. The following sections discuss each of these occupa tional groups and their distribution among the surveyed industries. Subsequent sections deal with the industry segments within manufacturing and discuss employ Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Persons employed in professional positions usually deal with the theoretical or practical aspects o f such fields as science, engineering, art, education, medicine, law, and business relations. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation, usually at the university level. Paraprofessionals work under the direction o f professionals. These occupations usually re quire some postsecondary education or, in some in stances, a baccalaureate degree. Technical occupations require knowledge of fundamental scientific, engineer ing, mathematical, computer programming, or draft 1 Total employment for nonagricultural establishments averaged 90.1 million in 1983. See Supplement to Employment and Earnings, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, July 1984. 2 Clerical and administrative support workers design principles. This knowledge is acquired through study at technical schools and junior colleges, through other formal postsecondary training less extensive than a 4-year college course, or through equivalent on-thejob training or experience. In 1983, professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers numbered 2 million, representing 11 percent o f total employment in the manufacturing sector. The durable goods segment employed 72 percent o f the workers in this occupational group. The largest concen trations o f professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers were found in the electrical and electronic equipment and transportation equipment industries. Persons employed in this occupational group are con centrated in five categories: First-line super visors—-clerical; selected secretarial and general office occupations; electronic data processing and other office machine occupations; selected communication, mail, and message distributing occupations; and material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing oc cupations. The last group is comprised o f plant clerical workers who plan, coordinate, or expedite production and the flow o f work. They are also involved in the clerical aspects o f receiving, storing, issuing, or shipping o f materials, merchandise, supplies, or equipment. The other (nonsupervisory) groups are primarily comprised o f office clerical workers who prepare, systematize, transcribe, transfer, or preserve written communication and records, as well as collect accounts and distribute information. Clerical workers ranked second among the seven ma jor occupational groups, with 2.2 million workers, or 12 percent o f total employment in the manufacturing sec tor in 1983. The durable goods segment employed 56 percent o f the workers in this occupational group. The largest concentrations o f clerical workers were found in the machinery and printing and publishing industries. Sales workers In the manufacturing sector, sales workers primarily include persons who are required to have specific knowledge o f the commodity or service being sold, in contrast to retail trade, in which sales workers sell any of a large variety o f goods or services and usually are only required to have familiarity with the pricing of those goods and services. Sales representatives include those who sell com modities on a wholesale basis to wholesale, retail, in dustrial, professional, or other establishments. They solicit orders from established clientele and attempt to secure new customers; show samples or catalog illustra tions o f products to prospective buyers and explain their merit; quote prices and credit and discount terms; ar range delivery schedules; process orders to offices or warehouses; resolve customer complaints; and keep in formed o f the latest market conditions, product innova tions, and price changes. Sales engineers include oc cupations primarily concerned with selling to businesses goods and services where a technical background equivalent to a degree in engineering is required. In 1983, sales workers numbered approximately 540,000, representing 3 percent o f total employment in the manufacturing sector. The nondurable goods seg ment employed 56 percent o f the workers in .his occupa tional group. The largest concentrations of sales workers were found in the printing and publishing and food and kindred products industries. Unlike other major occupational groups within the manufacturing sector, the number of sales workers in creased between 1980 and 1983. Employment of sales workers in manufacturing increased by over 20,000 despite a drop o f 1.8 million in total manufacturing employment.2 Service workers Persons in this occupational group perform services for individuals or establishments. Service workers pro tect individuals and property, prepare and serve food and beverages, and clean interiors and equipment of buildings, offices, stores, and vehicles, etc. In 1983, service workers numbered over 325,000, representing almost 2 percent o f total employment in the manufacturing sector. The durable goods segment employed 54 percent o f the workers in this occupational group. The largest concentrations of service workers were found in the food and kindred products and transportation equipment industries. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers Persons employed in this occupational group were concentrated in lumber and wood products (sic 24) and, to a lesser degree, in food and kindred products (sic 20). This category includes forestry workers such as choke setters, log handling equipment operators, nursery workers, and conservation workers. Agricultural workers include persons in occupations such as graders and sorters o f agricultural products; groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm; and farm equipment 2 This increase was derived by adjusting the 1983 survey data for operators. In 1983, fewer than 100,000 persons were changes in the oes coding structure. Specifically, employment totals employed in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related for “ sales engineers” and “ first-line supervisors—sales” were occupations, representing about one-half o f 1 percent of deducted from 1983 manufacturing data, as these occupations were not included in the sales group in prior surveys. total employment in the manufacturing sector. 3 Production, construction, operating, m ain tenance, and material handling occupations over 12.1 million workers, or 66.3 percent o f total manufacturing employment in 1983. Nearly three-fifths o f the workers in this group were in durable goods in dustries. The largest concentrations o f production and related workers were found in the electrical and elec tronic equipment industries and the food and kindred products industries. This occupational group, referred to hereafter in the text as production and related workers, includes all skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers performing machine and manual tasks. This was by far the largest o f the seven major occupational groups, accounting for Table 1. Employment in manufacturing industries, 1983 Employment Percent of total manufacturing employment Total................................................................ 18,369,380 100.0 Durable goods industries, to ta l............................... Lumber and wood products, except furniture.... Furniture and fixtures............................................ Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products......... Primary metal products......................................... Fabricated metal products.................................... Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment......................................................... Electrical and electronic machinery..................... Transportation equipment..................................... Instruments and related products........................ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............. 10,700,830 645,130 439,250 570,300 827,560 1,369,000 58.3 3.5 2.4 3.1 4.5 7.5 2,026,830 2,017,110 1,747,670 688,150 369,830 11.0 11.0 9.5 3.7 2.0 Nondurable goods industries, to tal......................... Food and kindred products.................................. Tobacco products.................................................. Textile mill products............................................... Apparel and other textile products...................... Paper and allied products..................................... Printing and publishing.......................................... Chemicals and allied products............................. Petroleum refining and related industries........... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .... Leather and leather products............................... 7,668,550 1,618,130 62,060 731,690 1,141,020 653,480 1,286,710 1,053,520 196,960 719,440 205,540 41.7 8.8 .3 4.0 6.2 3.6 7.0 5.7 1.1 3.9 1.1 Industry 4 Table 2. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1983 Industry Managers and administrative workers Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Sales and related workers Clerical and administrative support workers Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling workers Service workers Total .......................................... 1,062,330 2,012,940 540,560 2,150,890 92,300 12,184,580 325,790 Food and kindred products................ Tobacco products................................ Textile mill products............................ Apparel and other textile products.... Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................................... Furniture and fixtures.......................... Paper and allied products.................. Printing and publishing........................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries......................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......................................... Leather and leather products............. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......................................... Primary metal products....................... Fabricated metal products.................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment.............. Electrical and electronic machinery ... Transportation equipment................... Instruments and related products ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries......................................... 77,720 2,470 25,460 35,430 58,200 4,220 19,940 17,410 68,300 3,020 7,700 19,100 152,320 4,500 58,940 98,130 16,100 40 430 130 1,192,260 45,870 605,450 957,550 53,240 1,930 13,780 13,280 30,240 19,690 31,490 91,520 86,400 13,360 11,090 41,250 147,490 202,040 12,270 12,430 20,450 123,570 38,270 42,540 39,600 63,120 302,560 153,900 66,240 120 2,960 230 2,520 469,820 350,090 484,860 602,150 546,840 10,660 6,230 9,350 19,200 23,560 10,770 37,420 4,810 24,770 40 117,050 2,110 40,800 8,130 36,000 3,820 14,620 4,680 63,640 19,780 260 40 553,380 166,650 10,740 2,440 33,880 36,630 82,190 26,740 54,920 92,580 15,110 12,370 35,840 53,680 74,110 127,560 270 260 410 433,220 632,910 1,010,290 7,400 16,360 20,130 149,820 123,420 94,310 56,980 340,620 401,800 352,670 132,570 63,060 34,460 11,190 25,670 287,560 243,560 179,220 109,590 780 440 700 250 1,153,170 1,183,940 1,072,720 351,250 31,830 29,500 36,860 11,830 24,970 18,830 13,660 51,810 90 255,110 5,370 Table 3. Percent distribution of employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1983 Industry All occupations Managers and administrative workers Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Sales and related workers T o ta l.......................................... 100.0 5.8 11.0 2.9 F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c t s ...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 4.8 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.6 6.8 2.7 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 4.7 4.5 4.8 7.1 8.2 2.1 2.5 6.3 11.5 19.2 100.0 5.5 100.0 100.0 Tobacco products................................ Textile mill products............................ Apparel and other textile products.... Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................................... Furniture and fixtures.......................... Paper and allied products .................. Printing and publishing........................ Chemicals and allied products........... Petroleum refining and related industries......................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......................................... Leather and leather products............. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......................................... Primary metal products....................... Fabricated metal products.................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment.............. Electrical and electronic machinery ... Transportation equipment................... Instruments and related products ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries......................................... Clerical and administrative support workers Production, Agriculture, construction, operating, forestry, fishing, and maintenance, and material related handling workers workers Service workers 11.7 0.5 66.3 1.8 4 .2 9 .4 4.9 1.1 1.7 7.2 8.1 8.6 1.0 .1 .1 .0 73.7 73.9 82.7 83.9 3.3 3.1 1.9 1.2 1.9 2.8 3.1 9.6 3.6 6.6 9.0 9.7 23.5 14.6 10.3 .0 .5 .0 .2 72.8 79.7 74.2 46.8 51.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.2 19.0 2.4 12.6 .0 59.4 1.1 5.7 4.0 5.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 8.8 9.6 .0 .0 76.9 81.1 1.5 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.9 4.4 6.0 4.7 6.6 6.8 2.6 1.5 2.6 9.4 9.0 9.3 .0 .0 .0 76.0 76.5 73.8 1.3 2.0 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.4 6.1 5.4 8.3 16.8 19.9 20.2 19.3 3.1 1.7 .6 3.7 14.2 12.1 10.3 15.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 56.9 58.7 61.4 51.0 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.7 100.0 6.8 5.1 3.7 14.0 .0 69.0 1.5 5 Food and Kindred Products distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 5 percent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 4 percent; sales workers, 4 percent; and service workers, 3 percent. The five most populous occupations in food and kin dred products manufacturing are listed in the tabulation below. These jobs, all o f which are in the production category, made up over one-quarter o f total industry employment. Establishments which manufacture or process foods, beverages, and certain related items for human con sumption employed 1.6 million workers, accounting for 9 percent o f manufacturing and one-fifth o f nondurable goods employment in 1983. The three largest employers o f these workers were: Establishments processing and packing meat, pork, poultry, and eggs, with 21 percent o f industry employment; establishments manufacturing beverages, 14 percent; and establishments canning and preserving fruits and vegetables, also with 14 percent. Total employment in the food and kindred products industry declined by 4.5 percent between 1980 and 1983. Employment since 1977 by major occupational group is given in text table 1. As shown in table 4, the 1.2 million production and related workers in the food and kindred products in dustry accounted for nearly three-fourths o f total in dustry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. The remaining employment was Employment Percent o f industry employment 120,630 7.4 94,240 76,650 74,950 74,280 5.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders................ Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers, hand.................... Driver/sales workers.................... Cannery workers.......................... Hand packers and packagers . . . . Text table 1. Food and kindred products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,710,910 1,695,830 1,618,130 -5.4 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rke rs................................................... 108,480 107,750 177,720 -28.4 41,950 62,880 170,470 1,259,250 67,880 57,360 66,910 169,730 1,241,080 52,000 58,200 68,300 152,320 21,208,360 53,240 38.7 8.6 -10.6 -4.0 -21.6 1 A significant portion of the decline may be due to changes in the coding structure rather than to actual changes in establishment staffing patterns. The addition of five first-line supervisor occupations to the production group suggests that respondents may have shifted some managerial employment in to the production category. Additionally, employment for “first-line super- visor— sales would previously have been included with the managerial group. 2 Includes 16,000 agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers who would have been classified as production and related workers in previous surveys. 6 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 20) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 1,618,150 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 77,730 5,370 4.80 .33 n.a. 3 n.a. 17 3,380 2,210 .21 .14 2 2 14 10 7,420 2,400 9,700 37,580 9,670 .46 .15 .60 2.32 .60 3 6 3 1 5 13 7 19 78 11 58,200 21,760 3.60 1.34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,490 9,040 620 830 .65 .56 .04 .05 n.a. 2 6 9 n.a. 25 2 1 2,470 .15 4 7 2,610 .16 3 10 1,880 400 .12 .02 4 5 6 2 730 3,180 7,720 560 200 2,060 350 3,300 1,250 .05 .20 .48 .03 .01 .13 .02 .20 .08 9 2 7 4 2,010 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products........................................................................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction............................................. All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Agricultural engineers................................................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................ ...................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters......................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Life scientists................................................................................. Agricultural and food scientists................................................ Biological scientists.................................................................... All other life scientists............................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists, except health ........................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h ealth.................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 7 n.a. n.a. 11 14 1 1 6 6 8 8 8 2 .12 n.a. n.a. 300 .02 11 1 220 740 .01 .05 11 1 7 3 750 4,120 3,850 270 2,240 1,100 850 290 .05 .25 .24 .02 .14 .07 .05 .02 11 4 -------- 1 n.a. 8 12 n.a. 10 n.a. 2 10,400 .64 n.a. n.a. 4,320 .27 6 4 4,540 .28 4 5 1,540 .10 10 1 5,520 .34 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 2 1 2 8 14 0 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers ............................................................................ Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... Salespersons, retail ...................................................................... Cashiers.......................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks........................................................................................ All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................ All other clerical and administrative support workers....................................................................................... Service occupations....................................................................... Employment’ Percent of total employment 1,890 2,630 0.12 .16 1,000 .06 1,080 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6 6 4 6 n.a. n.a. .07 n.a. n.a. 600 .04 11 1 2,750 .17 n.a. n.a. 68,300 4.22 n.a. n.a. 10,990 .68 3 11 6,580 .41 5 8 29,590 13,340 4,110 3,690 1.83 .82 .25 .23 3 4 6 6 29 7 5 4 152,310 9.41 n.a. n.a. 6,170 20,700 790 1,760 2,240 860 .38 1.28 .05 .11 .14 .05 4 3 18 2 5 7 15 41 1 9 5 2 2,120 790 .13 .05 2 5 9 3 5,390 1,150 23,740 3,760 5,050 23,880 .33 .07 1.47 .23 .31 1.48 2 3 2 2 3 2 14 5 51 16 12 45 8,840 .55 n.a. n.a. 1,370 .08 6 3 2,430 4,620 420 1,930 .15 .29 .03 .12 3 3 9 2 8 10 1 11 40,940 2.53 n.a. n.a. 3,360 .21 3 8 5,780 .36 3 11 8,750 .54 3 17 21,210 1.31 2 36 1,840 .11 7 2 2,200 .14 7 3 53,250 3.29 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 8 . Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... Elevator operators...................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors-agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related workers...................................................... Graders and sorters, agricultural products................................ Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Farm equipment operators .......................................................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers......................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights..................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Farm equipment mechanics...................................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers.................................................................................... Coin and vending machine servicers and repairers.................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,610 4,770 0.22 .29 4 3 7 7 4,150 .26 9 3 39,180 2.42 n.a. n.a. 36,490 240 2.26 .01 1 11 41 0 2,450 1,540 .15 .10 9 11 3 1 16,100 .99 n.a. n.a. 1,380 7,190 730 2,780 .09 .44 .05 .17 7 6 8 8 2 5 2 2 4,020 .25 10 1 1,192,260 73.68 n.a. n.a. 65,960 4.08 n.a. n.a. 6,860 .42 3 13 690 .04 12 1 48,990 3.03 1 58 4,470 .28 3 10 4,950 1,610 .31 .10 4 8 6 2 18,260 97,640 32,370 2,210 4;610 35,880 . 5,360 1.13 6.03 2.00 .14 .28 2.22 .33 4 n.a. 2 8 4 2 3 17 n.a. 27 2 6 39 11 5,270 960 .33 .06 3 13 8 1 1,940 950 .12 .06 4 8 4 1 300 .02 13 5,760 2,030 .36 .13 3 8 7 2 11,390 .70 n.a. n.a. f> l See footnotes at end of table. 9 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians..................................................................... ............. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers............... ...................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Machinists ................................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers............................................ Precision food workers................................................................. Slaughterers and butchers........................................................ Bakers, manufacturing............................................................... Food batchmakers..................................................................... All other precision food and tobacco w orkers.................................. .................................... Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Cooking machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco.................................................................... Roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco ..................................................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure.............................................................................. Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders.............................................................................. Dairy processing equipment operators, including setters....................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Cannery workers ........................................................................ Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers, h a n d ............................ ............................................ Molders and casters, h a n d .................. .................................... All other hand workers, n e c ..................................................... Plant and system w orkers.......................................................... Stationary engineers................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators.............................................................. Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer..... ................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,180 5,770 0.07 .36 5 4 3 8 1,320 .08 6 4 1,840 1,280 5,180 3,660 880 470 170 109,850 56,390 27,780 19,050 .11 .08 .32 '.23 .05 .03 .01 6.79 3.48 1.72 1.18 8 19 n.a. 8 9 9 19 n.a. 2 3 3 2 1 n.a. 4 1 1 (3) n.a. 8 9 14 6,630 500 .41 .03 9 26 2 <*> 250,130 15.46 n.a. n.a. 13,370 .83 3 14 11,830 .73 4 9 2,350 .15 4 4 5,330 .33 5 5 16,700 1.03 3 8 920 .06 11 1 8,980 .55 4 8 930 .06 11 1 3,410 .21 5 3 10,630 .66 4 8 27,090 1.67 2 25 2,960 .18 14 1 9,300 .57 4 9 120,630 7.45 2 42 3,840 .24 n.a. n.a. 11,860 188,360 74,950 .73 11.64 4.63 9 n.a. 2 4 n.a. 9 94,240 1,160 18,010 3,710 2,110 1,600 145,390 5.82 .07 1.11 .23 .13 .10 8.98 1 15 7 n.a. 5 10 n.a. 10 1 3 n.a. 3 2 n.a. 43,820 2.71 2 36 See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... Driver/saies workers.................................................................. All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, han d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners................................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 24,080 76,650 840 1.49 4.74 .05 3 2 8 23 24 1 1,170 46,370 310 37,390 4,440 1,390 .07 2.87 .02 2.31 .27 .09 9 n.a. 1 n.a. 2,840 3,000 11 1 2 6 10 28 3 1 .18 .19 8 5 2 4 660 18,010 34,500 74,280 12,420 .04 1.11 2.13 4.59 .77 14 4 2 2 3 1 10 22 23 11 103,870 ~ 6.42 2 18 ' Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. M Tobacco Products The manufacture o f tobacco products employed 62,060 workers in 1983, or only 0.3 percent o f manufac turing and 1 percent o f nondurable goods employment. Most workers were employed within establishments manufacturing cigarettes, which accounted for 76 per cent o f industry employment. Establishments primarily engaged in the stemming and redrying o f tobacco ac counted for 9 percent o f industry employment. While total employment levels remained constant for the tobacco products industry between 1980 and 1983, clerical and managerial and administrative jobs declin ed by close to 35 percent. Conversely, professional, paraprofessional, and technical jobs increased by 17 percent. Shifts in employment since 1977 can be seen in text table 2. The industry’s 45,870 production and related workers accounted for 74 percent o f total industry employment (table 5). Clerical workers ranked second with over 7 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 7 percent; sales workers, 5 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 4 percent; and service workers, 3 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing tobacco products are listed below. These production occupations made up more than one-fourth o f total in dustry employment. Employment Percent o f industry employment 6,680 10.8 3,780 6.1 2,730 4.4 2,510 4.0 1,590 2.6 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.................. Machinery maintenance mechanics...................................... First-line supervisors, production.................................... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Text table 2. Tobacco products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 70,940 63,600 62,060 -12.5 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 3,360 3,780 '2,470 -26.5 4,680 490 6,550 52,450 3,410 3,600 760 6,960 46,270 2,230 4,220 3,020 4,500 45,870 1,930 -9.8 516.3 -31.3 -12.5 -43.4 1 A significant portion of the decline may be due to changes in the coding structure rather than to actual changes in establishment staffing patterns. See footnote 1 to text table 1. 12 Table 5. Tobacco products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 21) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation _ T o ta l.................................................................................... 62,060 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 2,470 150 3.98 .24 n.a. 6 n.a. 19 90 80 50 430 650 1,020 .15 .13 .08 .69 1.05 1.64 9 14 11 8 5 n.a. 17 11 8 22 80 n.a. 4,230 1,470 6.82 2.37 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 390 270 120 .63 .44 .19 n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 26 n.a. 510 .82 11 24 110 .18 8 14 240 220 780 80 240 460 .39 .35 1.26 .13 .39 .74 20 n.a. n.a. 11 16 n.a. 15 n.a. n.a. 12 12 n.a. 370 80 .60 .13 n.a. 13 n.a. 9 290 240 .47 .39 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 550 .89 n.a. n.a. 360 .58 n.a. n.a. 110 .18 12 16 350 .56 n.a. n.a. 3,020 4.87 n.a. n.a. 310 2,710 .50 4.37 13 n.a. 16 n.a. 4,510 7.27 n.a. n.a. 360 880 120 .58 1.42 .19 19 15 11 27 54 16 90 .15 14 13 .21 8 11 8 13 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products........................................................................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers ............................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ....... .................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... 130 70 420 210 80 850 See footnotes at end of table. 13 .11 .68 .34 .13 1.37 10 15 18 8 44 32 11 44 Table 5. Tobacco products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 21) Occupation Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... Ail other office machine operators .......................................... Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 270 0.44 n.a. n.a. 90 120 60 .15 .19 .10 10 11 n.a. 13 16 n.a. 610 .98 n.a. n.a. 100 .16 12 12 240 .39 8 29 190 .31 7 31 80 .13 n.a. n.a. 420 .68 n.a. n.a. 1,930 3.11 n.a. n.a. 90 460 .15 .74 12 5 11 24 1,280 2.06 n.a. n.a. 1,180 1.90 9 39 100 100 .16 .16 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 40 .06 n.a. n.a. 45,860 73.90 n.a. n.a. 3,500 5.64 n.a. n.a. 620 1.00 11 25 2,730 4.40 11 51 60 .10 19 7 90 740 .15 1.19 18 8 8 6 2,510 6,060 3,780 280 1,000 440 50 4.04 9.76 6.09 .45 1.61 .71 .08 13 n.a. 13 9 15 8 9 26 n.a. 36 7 16 37 10 80 230 200 .13 .37 .32 12 14 n.a. 6 6 n.a. 950 1.53 n.a. n.a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ......................... .................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers.............. .......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics.............................................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers....................................................... Precision instrument repairers................................................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving....................................................................................... Percent of total employment See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 5. Tobacco products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 21) Occupation Employment1 Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers............................................ Precision food workers................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Cooking machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco.................................................................... Roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco ..................................................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine operators and Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 100 540 0.16 .87 11 9 8 23 250 60 960 660 190 110 630 .40 .10 1.55 1.06 .31 .18 1.02 5 n.a. n.a. 7 5 n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 16 9 n.a. n.a. 16,400 26.43 n.a. n.a. 70 .11 19 6 250 .40 17 19 150 .24 11 15 340 .55 12 24 110 .18 21 7 330 .53 16 21 6,680 10.76 10 33 40 .06 n.a. n.a. 8,430 280 210 13.58 .45 .34 n.a. 19 n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. 210 .34 12 21 190 1,650 1,590 60 140 430 1,500 320 .31 2.66 2.56 .10 .23 .69 2.42 .52 n.a. n.a. 14 22 17 13 13 13 n.a. n.a. 34 4 7 15 22 21 9,260 14.92 n.a. n.a. 130 .21 n.a. n.a. Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending Packaging and filling machine operators All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor traile r......................................................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 15 Textile Mill Products increased despite the overall employment decline. Changes since 1977 are summarized in text table 3. As shown in table 6, the 605,450 production and related workers in the textile mill products industry ac counted for more than four-fifths o f total industry employment. Clerical workers made up 8 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 3.5 percent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 3 percent; service workers, 2 percent; and sales workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in the manufac turing o f textile mill products are listed in the tabulation below: Establishments in this industry perform any o f the following operations: (1) Preparing fiber and subse quently manufacturing yarn, thread, braid, twine, and cordage; (2) manufacturing broad woven fabric, narrow woven fabric, knit fabric, and carpets and rugs from yarn; (3) dyeing and finishing fiber, yarn, fabric, and knit apparel; (4) coating, waterproofing, or otherwise treating fabric; (5) the integrated manufacturing o f knit apparel and other finished articles from yarn; and (6) the manufacturing o f felt goods, lace goods, nonwoven fabrics, and miscellaneous textiles. These establish ments employed 731,690 workers, accounting for 4 per cent o f manufacturing and 10 percent o f nondurable goods employment in 1983. The three largest employers o f these workers were: Knitting mills, with 27 percent o f industry employment; cotton broad woven fabric mills, 17 percent; and yarn and thread mills, with 15 percent. Total employment in the textile industry fell by almost 140,000, or 16 percent, between 1980 and 1983. Employment o f service workers fell 28 percent, clerical workers 23 percent, and production workers, 15 per cent. Even the more highly skilled occupational groups were not exempt from labor force reductions; employ ment o f managerial and administrative workers declined 20 percent, and the number of professional and technical employees declined by 11 percent. As in other manufacturing industries, the number o f sales workers Employment Percent o f industry employment 191,100 26.1 51,730 7.1 44,120 6.0 31,470 4.3 25,880 3.5 Textile machine operators and tenders, winding, twisting, weaving, knitting, etc................... Sewing machine operators, garm ent........................................ Textile machine setters and setup operators............................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers........................................ First-line supervisors, production.................................... Text table 3. Textile mill products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group Percent change 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 T o ta l.............................................................. 913,700 870,780 731,690 -19.9 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rke rs................................................... 28,340 31,980 25,460 -10.2 22,680 7,550 73,380 764,090 17,660 22,460 7,040 76,780 713,410 19,110 19,940 17,700 58,940 605,450 13,780 -12.1 2.0 -19.7 -20.8 -22.0 1 Includes 1,270 employees in the occupation “first-line supervisor— sales” which would have been included with managerial employment in previous surveys, 16 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 22) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 731,600 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 25,450 1,560 3.48 .21 n.a. 5 n.a. 18 1,530 620 .21 .08 4 4 22 11 1,110 770 4,610 12,180 3,070 .15 .11 .63 1.66 .42 8 11 4 2 5 10 9 25 83 15 19,930 5,670 2.72 .78 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,590 2,180 180 230 .35 .30 .02 .03 n.a. 5 12 13 n.a. 23 2 2 730 .10 5 11 840 460 1,050 3,740 350 2,090 140 890 270 .11 .06 .14 .51 .05 .29 .02 .12 .04 5 15 9 n.a. 12 5 8 6 13 11 5 4 n.a. 3 18 3 10 2 2,060 .28 n.a. n.a. 1,300 .18 5 11 210 180 .03 .02 16 8 2 3 370 760 .05 .10 13 n.a. 2 n.a. 2,760 .38 n.a. n.a. 2,480 .34 6 10 280 .04 32 1 2,240 .31 n.a. n.a. 880 970 .12 .13 11 8 6 8 390 .05 n.a. n.a. 490 .07 9 3 640 750 .09 .10 4 10 10 6 820 .11 n.a. n.a. 7,700 1.05 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts ....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ........................................................................................ Chemical engineers.................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters......................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h e alth.................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training ................................................................................. Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 17 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service........................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks.................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, d is p a tc h in g , a n d d is trib u tin g w o r k e r s .................................................. Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Marking clerks............................................................................. Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers....................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. Elevator operators..................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households .................................... All other service workers ............................................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,270 0.17 9 6 1,230 .17 13 6 4,480 720 .61 .10 9 n.a. 21 n.a. 58,950 8.06 n.a. n.a. 2,920 6,860 230 720 910 200 .40 .94 .03 .10 .12 .03 6 3 15 5 8 17 18 54 2 13 7 2 1,110 410 .15 .06 4 10 17 4 2,230 560 400 4,390 2,140 1,720 8,230 .30 .08 .05 .60 .29 .24 1.12 8 6 11 4 4 6 4 12 8 3 46 24 14 46 3,690 .50 n.a. n.a. 570 .08 13 4 1,050 90 1,820 160 790 .14 .01 .25 .02 .11 7 19 5 25 3 10 1 12 1 15 19,900 2.72 3,770 .52 5 21 1,850 390 .25 .05 7 17 9 2 4,140 .57 4 32 8,490 1.16 3 55 1,260 .17 16 5 1,540 .21 12 5 13,790 1.88 n.a. n.a. 960 2,420 .13 .33 11 4 5 14 150 .02 16 1 8,930 1.22 n.a. n.a. 6,990 320 .96 .04 3 14 43 2 1,620 1,330 .22 .18 15 16 4 2 See footnotes at end of table. 18 n .a . n .a . Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation Employment' Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, textile machines ............................................................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, sewing machines ............................................................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, water or power generation plant........................................................ All other machinery maintenance mechanics...................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Menders - garments, linens, and related................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders .................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers....................................................................................... Fabric and apparel patternmakers, and layout workers ..................................................................................... Custom tailors and sewers ....................................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 400 400 0.05 .05 n.a. 7 n.a. 5 605,380 82.75 n.a. n.a. 29,870 4.08 n.a. n.a. 1,720 .24 7 14 520 .07 23 1 25,880 3.54 3 64 710 .10 18 5 1,040 2,540 .14 .35 10 9 6 7 31,470 45,780 28,330 4.30 6.26 3.87 3 n.a. n.a. 44 n.a. n.a. 24,520 3.35 3 43 1,970 .27 7 12 320 1,520 1,100 2,420 8,050 160 .04 .21 .15 .33 1.10 .02 13 10 9 7 4 11 2 5 4 10 35 2 150 .02 11 2 1,140 3,680 750 .16 .50 .10 5 11 24 9 5 2 5,670 1,030 3,530 .78 .14 .48 n.a. 8 3 n.a. 11 22 380 .05 7 5 530 200 1,750 1,420 .07 .03 .24 .19 6 14 n.a. 5 6 2 n.a. 10 210 120 .03 .02 19 46 1 1 6,830 .93 n.a. n.a. 820 160 .11 .02 18 43 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. 19 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation Pressers, delicate fabrics.......................................................... Precision d y ers........................................................................... All other precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters............................................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders............................................ Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving. and cutting................................................................................ Extruding and forming machine operators and tenders, synthetic or glass fib ers.......................................... Textile draw-out machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Sewing machine operators, garm ent....................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing........................................................ Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials...................................................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic..................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................ Pressers, hand........................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 250 1,770 0.03 .24 38 12 (3) 5 3,830 280 .52 .04 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 190 90 .03 .01 22 43 1 (3) 480 .07 n.a. n.a. 366,790 50.14 n.a. n.a. 1,000 .14 16 2 2,290 .31 9 5 680 .09 21 1 1,340 .18 12 4 760 .10 16 1 44,120 6.03 4 39 191,100 26.12 1 61 3,460 .47 11 3 13,860 1.89 7 12 21,260 51,730 8,430 2.91 7.07 1.15 5 3 9 22 19 13 500 .07 15 2 2,920 .40 13 6 1,420 .19 16 3 1,160 .16 6 7 1,040 .14 11 5 2,050 .28 12 5 740 .10 19 1 1,230 .17 12 2 160 .02 22 1 310 .04 19 1 1,820 .25 8 6 120 .02 20 3,510 .48 10 9 820 .11 19 1 8,960 16,970 1,100 1.22 2.32 .15 n.a. n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 3 See footnotes at end of table. 20 (3) Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation Employment1 Sewers, ha n d .............................................................................. Cutters and trimmers, h a n d ...................................................... Portable machine cutters.......................................................... Carpet cutters, diagrammers, and seam ers.................................................................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators..................................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,180 1,770 2,000 0.30 .24 .27 17 13 10 5 5 9 610 .08 22 1 1,590 7,720 1,560 .22 1.06 .21 18 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. 350 170 1,040 2,790 .05 .02 .14 .38 15 12 30 n.a. 3 1 1 n.a. 1,960 .27 8 10 720 110 .10 .02 6 14 10 1 80 10,530 9,530 510 .01 1.44 1.30 .07 17 n.a. 4 15 1 n.a. 26 2 490 2,110 .07 .29 17 12 1 5 230 16,640 15,730 13,800 .03 2.27 2.15 1.89 15 5 4 7 1 18 28 27 33,480 4.58 5 22 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other" categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE; Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 21 Apparel and Other Textile Products Establishments which manufacture apparel and tex tile house furnishings employed over 1.1 million workers, or 6 percent o f manufacturing and 15 percent o f nondurable goods employment in 1983. One-third o f the industry’s employees produced women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear; 28 percent produced men’s and boys’ furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments; and 15 percent manufactured miscellaneous fabricated textile products. shows the employment change by major group between 1977 and 1983. The five most populous occupations in the industry are listed below. These production occupations ac counted for more than half o f total industry employ ment. As shown in table 7, approximately 960,000 produc tion and related workers were employed in the manufac ture o f apparel and other textile products, accounting for 84 percent o f total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. Managerial and administrative workers accounted for 3 percent; profes sional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 2 per cent; sales workers, 2 percent; and service workers, 1 percent o f total industry employment. Text table 4 Sewing machine operators, garment ...................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................. First-line supervisors, production.................................. Pressing machine operators and tenders—textile, garment, etc................................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 568,500 49.8 56,990 5.0 36,690 3.2 30,800 2.7 30,560 2.7 Text table 4. Apparel and other textile products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1980 1977 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,318,700 1,271,360 1,141,100 -13.5 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers......................... Service w o rke rs................................................... 45,010 45,820 ’35,430 -21.3 15,530 18,570 116,890 1,105,630 17,070 17,750 18,420 116,190 1,057,890 15,290 17,400 19,100 98,130 957,550 13,280 12.0 2.9 -16.0 -13.4 -22.2 ’ A significant portion of the decline may be due to changes in the coding structure rather than to actual changes in establishment staffing patterns. See footnote 1 to text table 1. 22 Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 23) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l..................................................................................... 1,140,970 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers........................................................................ Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 35,440 1,620 3.11 .14 n.a. 6 n.a. 9 1,080 700 .09 .06 4 5 8 5 1,120 820 3,800 24,290 2,010 .10 .07 .33 2.13 .18 8 6 4 2 6 5 4 16 75 6 17,400 5,730 1.53 .50 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,750 1,220 160 370 .15 .11 .01 .03 n.a. 7 14 34 n.a. 6 1 1 930 .08 6 6 730 500 1,820 2,090 1,600 270 220 .06 .04 .16 .18 .14 .02 .02 12 6 36 n.a. 5 8 n.a. 4 3 2 n.a. 8 2 n.a. 950 .08 n.a. n.a. 640 130 .06 .01 5 15 4 1 180 .02 n.a. n.a. 1,940 .17 n.a. n.a. 680 860 .06 .08 27 7 2 4 400 .04 n.a. n.a. 700 5,500 .06 .48 9 5 2 15 490 .04 n.a. n.a. 19,090 1.67 n.a. n.a. 1,400 .12 9 4 2,160 .19 9 5 12,030 3,500 1.05 .31 4 n.a. 17 n.a. 98,130 8.60 n.a. n.a. 3,000 8,790 .26 .77 3 3 13 35 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ........................................................................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fety .......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters......................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ...................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training .................................................................................. Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries...................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 23 Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 23) Occupation Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks........................................................................................ Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Marking clerks............................................................................. Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................ Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................ Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................ First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers .................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers.......................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 190 1,050 860 240 0.02 .09 .08 .02 9 4 9 16 1 7 3 1 790 690 .07 .06 4 6 6 3 2,780 550 180 12,310 6,050 1,660 14,390 .24 .05 .02 1.08 .53 .15 1.26 6 7 9 3 2 6 3 7 3 1 41 31 6 37 4,360 .38 n.a. n.a. 730 .06 8 3 1,350 130 1,990 160 790 .12 .01 .17 .01 .07 7 14 4 11 4 6 1 6 1 7 38,160 3.34 n.a. n.a. 3,260 .29 5 9 1,110 1,430 .10 .13 11 7 2 4 7,990 .70 4 21 22,790 2.00 4 44 1,580 .14 8 3 1,290 .11 11 2 13,280 1.16 n.a. n.a. 1,480 1,190 .13 .10 6 6 3 4 160 .01 10 1 9,930 .87 n.a. n.a. 9,260 .81 2 37 670 520 .06 .05 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 120 120 .01 .01 n.a. 8 n.a. 1 957,510 83.92 n.a. n.a. 33,820 2.96 n.a. n.a. 970 .09 See footnotes at end of table. 24 5 6 Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 23) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers......................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, textile machines ................................................................................ Machinery maintenance mechanics, sewing machines ............................................................................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics...................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Menders - garments, linens, and related................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving......................................................................................... Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters................................................................................ All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Machinists .................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders .................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers....................................................................................... Fabric and apparel patternmakers, and layout workers ...................................................................................... Custom tailors and sewers ....................................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers, precision.................................................................................... Pressers, delicate fabrics.......................................................... Precision dyers ........................................................................... All other precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters ............................................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 180 0.02 16 (3) 30,800 2.70 2 59 410 .04 10 2 1,460 2,760 .13 .24 7 7 3 3 36,690 17,730 11,120 3.22 1.55 .97 2 n.a. n.a. 37 n.a. n.a. 1,080 .09 5 3 9,600 440 260 330 2,630 2,260 1,130 .84 .04 .02 .03 .23 .20 .10 2 n.a. 26 12 3 6 n.a. 32 n.a. (3) 1 13 5 n.a. 1,010 210 380 .09 .02 .03 n.a. 9 15 n.a. 1 1 130 290 710 220 .01 .03 .06 .02 22 n.a. n.a. 11 (3) n.a. n.a. 1 140 350 .01 .03 42 19 27,070 2.37 n.a. n.a. 10,870 10,160 .95 .89 4 9 24 7 720 1,690 150 .06 .15 .01 30 10 25 (3) 1 (3) 3,480 310 .31 .03 11 n.a. 2 n.a. 180 130 .02 .01 19 23 1 (3) 1,280 .11 n.a. n.a. 470 .04 24 810 .07 n.a. 680 .06 26 683,750 59.93 n.a. n.a. 550 .05 14 1 1,810 .16 11 2 See footnotes at end of table. 25 (3) (3) (3) n.a. (3) Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued I _________ i All other printing related setters and set-up operators .................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders.................................................................................... | All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ........................................... Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................. Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting.............................................................................. Extruding and forming machine operators ard tenders, synthetic or glass fibers......................................... Textile draw-out machine operators and tenders ............................................................................ Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders .......................................................... Sewing machine operators, garment...................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment ............................... Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ....................................................... Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials.................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................. Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators................. ............................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders .......................................................... Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic..................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Other hand workers, nec ........................................................... Pressers, hand.......................................................................... Sewers, hand ............................................................................ Cutters and trimmers, hand ..................................................... Portable machine cutters ........................................................ Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand ........................................................................ Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision...................................... All other hand workers, nec..................................................... Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of total employment Employment' Occupation . . ......... . 1 340 0.03 22 1 600 .05 14 1 370 .03 25 0 1 .11 13 2 8,400 .74 7 7 320 .03 38 0 150 .01 26 0 770 568,500 56,990 .07 49.83 4.99 36 1 3 0 69 21 460 .04 40 O 680 .06 16 1 30,560 2.68 2 27 2,360 .21 7 5 2,300 .20 7 4 1,200 Motor vehicle operators ............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers ........................................................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators .................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................ Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Machine feeders and offbearers............................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. Hand packers and packagers ................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand........................................................................... I | 120 .01 21 0 210 .02 28 (3) 630 .06 13 1 1,810 .16 10 2 1,280 .11 n.a. n.a. 2,660 78,140 14,570 8,680 22,570 14,960 .23 6.85 1.28 .76 1.98 1.31 n.a. n.a. 3 7 3 3 n.a. n.a. 20 10 28 28 140 .01 23 (3) 6,980 10,240 610 1,340 .61 .90 .05 .12 11 n.a. 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,340 .12 6 7 1,140 2,230 1,670 280 .10 .20 .15 .02 n.a. n.a. 9 12 n.a. n.a. 280 460 3,700 19,730 19,430 .02 .04 .32 1.73 1.70 16 9 6 3 3 25,600 2.24 n.a. 3 1 0 2 5 24 23 n.a. - ' E s tim a te s of fe w e r th a n 50 w o rk e rs , or w ith le s s th a n 0 .0 1 are p e r c e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, o r w ith a r e la tiv e e rro r g r e a te r th a n 5 0 a r e g e n e ra lly no t s h o w n s e p a r a te ly s in c e s u c h e s tim a te s a r e c o n s id e re d u n re lia b le . E s tim a te s th a t a re n o t s h o w n h a v e b e e n s ta n d a rd e rro rs a p p ly e q u a lly to n .a . d a ta on at th e le v e l s a m p lin g of 2 v a ria b ility chances and out o th e r of ty p e s 3. of For fu rth e r e rro rs , see 3 L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e rc e n t. c o u n te d in th e a p p ro p ria te “ All o th e r ” c a te g o rie s . 2 R e la tiv e e s tim a te d in fo rm a tio n o n a p p e n d ix A. e s tim a te d = NO TE: e m p lo y m e n t a n d p e r c e n t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t; r e la tiv e s ta n d a rd e rro rs n o t a v a ila b le . D e ta il m a y n o t a d d to to ta ls d u e to ro u n d in g . e m p lo y m e n t is ro u n d e d to th e n e a re s t 10. 26 E s tim a te d Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture respectively. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers accounted for 10 percent. Each o f the following groups accounted for 2 percent o f industry employ ment: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers; sales workers; and service workers. The five most populous occupations in the industry are listed in the tabulation below: Establishments in this industry include logging camps, sawmills, lath mills, shingle mills, cooperage stock mills, planing mills, plywood and veneer mills, and establishments manufacturing certain finished ar ticles made entirely or mainly of wood or wood substitutes. These establishments employed 645,130 workers, or only 4 percent o f manufacturing and 6 per cent o f durable goods employment in 1983. Sawmills and planing mills accounted for 30 percent of industry employment; establishments manufacturing fabricated millwork, veneer, plywood, and structural wood members, 30 percent; and logging camps and logging contractors, 12 percent. Text table 5 shows employment since 1977 for the major occupational groups in the lumber and wood products industry. The 469,820 production and related workers in the lumber and wood products industry accounted for almost three-quarters o f total industry employment (table 8). Clerical workers and managerial and ad ministrative workers accounted for 7 and 5 percent, Machine feeders and offbearers.................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders........................................ Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision............ Truckdrivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................... Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 47,530 7.4 32,690 5.1 32,370 5.0 27,040 4.2 25,410 3.9 Text table 5. Lumber and wood products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group Percent change 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 T o ta l.............................................................. 714,360 657,270 645,130 -9.7 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 34,630 41,070 30,240 -12.7 17,060 9,670 42,560 597,170 13,270 14,980 11,060 41,920 534,720 13,520 13,360 '12,270 42,540 2536,060 10,660 -21.7 26.9 -0.1 -10.2 -19.7 1 Includes 915 employees in the occupation "first-line supervisor— sales” which would have been included with managerial employment in previous surveys. 2 Includes 66,240 agriculture, forestry, and fishing workers who would have been classified as production and related workers in previous surveys, 27 Table 8. Lumber and wood products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 (SIC 24) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 645,130 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 30,230 1,060 4.69 .16 n.a. 4 n.a. 4 720 700 .11 .11 4 4 3 4 950 460 2,460 22,340 1,540 .15 .07 .38 3.46 .24 5 7 4 1 9 3 2 6 64 3 13,360 6,380 2.07 .99 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,560 3,330 70 160 .55 .52 .01 .02 n.a. 3 12 15 n.a. 13 (3) (3) 1,180 .18 4 5 350 540 750 1,560 570 470 520 .05 .08 .12 .24 .09 .07 .08 8 6 23 n.a. 14 9 n.a. 1 2 1 n.a. 2 2 n.a. 2,060 .32 n.a. n.a. 140 1,620 .02 .25 11 5 (3) 4 80 .01 19 (3) 220 850 760 90 .03 .13 .12 .01 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 410 .06 n.a. n.a. 1,280 .20 n.a. n.a. 400 590 290 .06 .09 .04 17 14 20 1 1 1 80 150 .01 .02 9 16 590 .09 n.a. n.a. 12,270 1.90 n.a. n.a. 920 .14 6 2 2,440 .38 4 6 7,960 1.23 2 18 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists............................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Life scientists................................................................................. Foresters and conservation scientists..................................... All other life scientists ............................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail....................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail................................... See footnotes at end of table. 28 (3) (3) Table 8. Lumber and wood products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 24) Occupation Employment1 Service occupations......................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. First line supervisors-agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related workers...................................................... Fallers and buckers...................................................................... Choke setters................................................................................ Log handling equipment operators............................................. Logging tractor operators............................................................. All other timber cutting and related logging workers......................................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 950 0.15 16 2 42,550 6.60 n.a. n.a. 1,050 10,460 70 460 210 200 .16 1.62 .01 .07 .03 .03 6 2 19 4 9 20 3 36 (3) 2 1 (3) 400 260 .06 .04 5 11 2 1 650 270 9,340 660 660 7,620 .10 .04 1.45 .10 .10 1.18 6 5 2 3 4 2 2 1 36 4 2 25 1,140 .18 n.a. n.a. 130 .02 10 (3) 330 570 110 420 .05 .09 .02 .07 6 5 26 4 1 2 (3) 2 8,270 1.28 n.a. n.a. 900 .14 5 2 670 .10 - 6 1 1,140 .18 5 3 5,310 .82 2 18 250 .04 13 1 410 .06 26 1 10,670 1.65 n.a. n.a. 320 4,200 .05 .65 12 2 1 9 140 .02 13 5,870 .91 n.a. n.a. 5,640 .87 2 18 230 140 .04 .02 9 14 1 (3) 66,240 10.27 n.a. n.a. 4,260 18,270 5,480 10,970 18,920 .66 2.83 .85 1.70 2.93 3 2 3 2 2 10 22 6 23 25 2,380 .37 6 3 All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service............................................................. ............................. Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks.......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ........................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks.......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers......................................................................................... Percent of total employment See footnotes at end of table. 29 (3) Table 8. Lumber and wood products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 24) Occupation Forest and conservation workers ............................................... Nursery workers............................................................................ Log graders and scalers.............................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ...................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines...................................................................................... Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes, and travel trailers ........................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................ Pattern and model makers, w o od ............................................ Pattern markers, wood ............................................................. Wood machinists....................................................................... Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ................................... Furniture finishers...................................................................... All other precision woodworkers............................................. Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,530 250 3,700 200 0.24 .04 .57 .03 8 18 3 16 1 (3) 12 (3) 280 .04 21 (3) 469,810 72.82 n.a. n.a. 23,960 3.71 n.a. n.a. 1,190 .18 4 3 420 .07 11 1 20,860 3.23 1 40 580 .09 5 2 910 440 .14 .07 8 10 2 1 13,150 31,700 6,220 2,410 3,140 11,760 970 2.04 4.91 .96 .37 .49 1.82 .15 2 n.a. 3 6 3 2 5 17 n.a. 12 2 9 25 3 910 .14 5 2 1,920 .30 5 4 3,580 790 .55 .12 12 8 1 1 29,010 21,390 3,420 4.50 3.32 .53 n.a. 3 3 n.a. 11 5 530 .08 12 1 1,140 2,530 3,140 80 700 .18 .39 .49 .01 .11 6 13 n.a. 17 5 2 1 n.a. (3) 2 1,870 380 110 44,830 350 230 16,660 25,410 740 1,440 .29 .06 .02 6.95 .05 .04 2.58 3.94 .11 .22 4 18 23 n.a. 17 15 3 3 11 17 4 (3) (3) n.a. 1 (3) 14 15 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. 30 Table 8. Lumber and wood products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 24) Occupation Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters.............................................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sawing machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Head sawyers............................................................................. Sawing machine operators and tenders................................. Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing ....................................................... Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing.......................................................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment ................................ Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Glaziers, manufacturing............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Cutters and trimmers, h a n d ...................................................... Carpet cutters, diagrammers, and seam ers.................................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 740 0.11 n.a. n.a. 90 650 .01 .10 25 26 (3) 0 2,450 .38 n.a. 170 .03 14 0 700 .11 14 (3) 140 .02 17 (3) 80 .01 18 (3) 540 .08 18 (3) 120 .02 23 (3) 320 200 .05 .03 16 14 (3) (3) 180 .03 n.a. n.a. 390 .06 n.a. n.a. 114,620 17.77 n.a. n.a. 6,500 6,180 32,690 1.01 .96 5.07 3 2 1 13 20 34 12,090 1.87 3 16 22,340 300 3.46 .05 2 30 18 (3) 4,080 .63 3 8 2,020 .31 4 3 170 .03 16 920 .14 7 2 2,460 .38 5 5 5,370 .83 4 7 7,850 1.22 4 6 850 .13 6 2 430 .07 19 1,600 .25 12 1 2,200 .34 5 3 780 .12 n.a. n.a. 5,400 39,690 880 1,010 190 .84 6.15 .14 .16 .03 n.a. n.a. 13 6 16 n.a. n.a. 1 2 (3) 210 .03 12 See footnotes at end of table. 31 n.a. (3) (3) (3) Table 8. Lumber and wood products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 24) Occupation Employment1 Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, h a n d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Grader, dozer, and scraper operators..................................... Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 930 1,940 0.14 .30 11 8 1 1 32,370 2,160 420 28,320 5.02 .33 .07 4.39 4 n.a. 22 n.a. 8 n.a. O n.a. 27,040 4.19 1 48 1,000 280 .16 .04 7 15 2 (3) 230 27,970 740 2,370 20,940 1,400 430 370 .04 4.34 .11 .37 3.25 .22 .07 .06 14 n.a. 7 4 1 7 37 11 (3) n.a. 1 4 31 1 (3) 1 1,720 660 .27 .10 6 7 2 1 5,300 47,530 16,550 8,850 .82 7.37 2.57 1.37 6 2 3 3 4 25 17 10 30,140 4.67 3 9 110 .02 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 32 Furniture and Fixtures workers, 3 percent; and service workers, 1 percent of total industry employment. The five most populous occupations in the manufac turing of furniture and fixtures are listed below: Establishments which manufacture household, of fice, public building, and restaurant furniture, and of fice and store fixtures employed 439,250 worker^ in 1983, accounting for 2 percent o f manufacturing and 4 percent o f durable goods employment. Establishments manufacturing household furniture employed 63 per cent o f the industry’s workers; those manufacturing partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fix tures, 13 percent; and those manufacturing office fur niture, 12 percent. Employment since 1977 by occupa tional group is given in text table 6. As shown in table 9, the 350,090 production and related workers accounted for more than three-fourths o f total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. Managerial and administrative workers accounted for 4 percent; sales workers, 3 per cent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical Employment Percent o f industry employment 56,680 22,450 12.9 5.1 19,300 4.4 19,150 4.4 16,980 3.9 Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision.......... Upholsterers................................ Sewing machine operators, nongarment.............................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................................. First-line supervisors, production................................ Text table 6. Furniture and fixtures: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group Percent change 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 T o ta l.............................................................. 462,660 455,830 439,250 -5.1 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 19,500 24,300 19,690 1.0 12,200 10,060 43,190 369,780 7,930 13,810 10,470 50,490 348,250 8,510 11,090 ’12,430 39,600 350,090 6,230 -9.1 23.6 -8.3 -5 .3 -21.4 1 Includes 906 employees in the occupation “first-line supervisor— sales” which would have been included with managerial employment in previous surveys, 33 Table 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 ( S IC 2 5 ) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l..................................................................................... 439,230 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers........................................................................ Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.......................... ........................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 19,700 1,060 4.49 .24 n.a. 4 n.a. 12 690 640 .16 .15 4 4 10 10 1,150 410 1,750 12,540 1,460 .26 .09 .40 2.85 .33 5 7 5 2 9 9 5 13 82 7 11,080 4,110 2.52 .94 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,890 1,670 60 160 .43 .38 .01 .04 n.a. 4 12 10 n.a. 19 1 2 980 .22 3 13 380 460 400 2,120 1,120 70 590 340 .09 .10 .09 .48 .25 .02 .13 .08 8 5 12 n.a. 7 10 6 12 4 6 2 n.a. 8 1 5 2 2,510 .57 n.a. n.a. 330 .08 8 3 80 1,870 .02 .43 16 4 1 12 230 .05 n.a. n.a. 1,250 .28 n.a. n.a. 440 580 230 .10 .13 .05 9 7 8 4 6 3 180 570 110 .04 .13 .03 9 12 15 2 4 1 230 .05 n.a. n.a. 12,440 2.83 n.a. n.a. 910 .21 14 5 2,300 .52 8 10 8,250 980 1.88 4 29 .2 2 12 3 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... Interior designers .......................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail....................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail................................... All other sales and related workers .......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 34 Table 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 25) Occupation Clerical and administrative support occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support w orkers........................... Secretaries...................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service........................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators.................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks.......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks.......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers......................................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 39,590 9.01 n.a. n.a. 1,080 6,180 290 480 530 100 .25 1.41 .07 .11 .12 .02 8 2 22 5 9 13 8 52 2 7 4 1 490 300 .11 .07 5 6 7 4 1,750 470 4,920 980 910 6,340 .40 .11 1.12 .22 .21 1.44 6 5 2 3 5 4 9 6 49 11 8 39 1,870 .43 n.a. n.a. 120 .03 12 2 690 980 80 560 .16 .22 .02 .13 6 6 18 4 6 7 1 9 11,960 2.72 n.a. n.a. 2,190 .50 10 10 160 .04 12 1 1,930 .44 8 9 7,330 1.67 4 45 350 .08 13 2 380 .09 14 2 6,230 1.42 n.a. n.a. m a n ag er/su p ervis o rs, service ............................................................ 200 1,530 .05 .35 20 Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. 6 1 6 130 .03 19 1 4,290 .98 n.a. n.a. 4,120 .94 3 34 170 80 .04 .02 12 23 1 (3) 120 .03 n.a. n.a. 350,070 79.70 n.a. n.a. 19,040 4.33 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ........................................................................ First-line supervisors and Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations.................................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 35 Table 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 25) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders .................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Pattern and model makers, w o od............................................ Pattern markers, wood .............................................................. Wood machinists........................................................................ Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................................... Furniture finishers....................................................................... All other precision woodworkers.............................................. Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers....................................................................................... Fabric and apparel patternmakers, and layout workers ..................................................................................... Upholsterers............................................................................... All other precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................ Precision detail design decorators, and painters............................................................................ All other precision workers, n e c .............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 850 0.19 15 140 .03 32 16,980 3.87 2 65 340 .08 7 4 730 530 .17 .12 10 14 3 2 6,070 7,510 1,430 210 400 4,660 120 1.38 1.71 .33 .05 .09 1.06 .03 4 n.a. 7 20 10 3 13 21 n.a. 6 1 3 32 1 220 470 .05 .11 17 n.a. 1 n.a. 3,700 2,560 660 .84 .58 .15 n.a. 7 8 n.a. 9 5 200 .05 18 1 130 150 4,250 1,270 750 .03 .03 .97 .29 .17 15 39 n.a. 12 8 1 1 n.a. 5 3 440 1,650 140 45,570 590 490 14,690 19,140 8,680 1,980 .10 .38 .03 10.37 .13 .11 3.34 4.36 1.98 .45 20 19 25 n.a. 9 13 7 3 7 17 3 2 1 n.a. 3 3 25 34 7 2 25,720 5.86 n.a. n.a. 1,380 22,450 .31 5.11 11 4 3 25 1,890 650 .43 .15 16 n.a. 1 n.a. 190 460 .04 .10 21 20 1 1 24,030 5.47 n.a. n.a. 1,080 .25 13 2 1,490 .34 11 2 See footnotes at end of table. 36 5 (3) Table 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 25) Occupation Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sawing machine setters and set-up operators.................................................................................... Head sawyers............................................................................. Sawing machine operators and tenders................................. Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing ....................................................... Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing.......................................................................... Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting................................................................................. Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,080 0.70 11 11 3,720 .85 8 11 660 .15 8 3 7,410 1.69 5 13 160 .04 11 1 550 .13 19 1 460 .10 17 1 2,220 2,320 .51 .53 12 13 4 280 .06 12 1 210 .05 15 1 390 .09 19 1 880 .20 19 1 79,220 18.04 n.a. n.a. 1,610 280 11,840 .37 .06 2.70 10 28 4 5 1 26 7,860 1.79 6 17 14,070 3.20 5 20 230 .05 23 1 1,590 19,300 .36 4.39 9 4 6 29 320 .07 13 2 580 .13 9 3 1 2 210 .05 37 430 .10 19 1 3,870 .88 7 17 6,400 1.46 5 22 3,110 .71 6 15 130 .03 19 1 110 .03 31 480 .11 22 1 3,640 .83 5 13 400 .09 25 1 1,880 82,110 .43 18.69 14 n.a. 2 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 37 (3) Table 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 25) Occupation Employment' Glaziers, manufacturing............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Cutters and trimmers, h a n d ...................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand ........................................................................ Grinding and polishing workers, han d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................... ................................ Plant and system workers ........................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers.................................. ......................................... All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. All other material moving equipment operators....................................... ............................................ Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 260 2,830 160 4,950 0.06 .64 .04 1.13 19 7 27 5 1 5 1 17 4,390 6,800 1.00 1.55 9 7 9 12 56,680 6,040 50 7,330 12.90 1.38 .01 1.67 3 n.a. 19 n.a. 51 n.a. 1 n.a. 6,150 1.40 4 30 1,070 110 .24 .03 9 16 8 1 190 5,540 100 4,710 280 .04 1.26 .02 1.07 .06 19 n.a. 19 6 18 1 n.a. 1 19 1 450 480 .10 .11 n.a. 11 n.a. 2 210 7,080 10,240 6,860 .05 1.61 2.33 1.56 17 8 4 8 1 11 28 10 13,690 3.12 7 10 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 38 Paper and Allied Products percent; and service workers, just under 1.5 percent. Total employment in this industry declined 6 percent between 1980 and 1983, as shown in text table 7. The following tabulation lists the five most populous occupations in the manufacturing o f paper and allied products: Establishments which manufacture paper and allied products employed 653,480 workers, accounting for nearly 4 percent o f manufacturing and 9 percent o f non durable goods employment in 1983. Establishments manufacturing paper and paperboard into converted products (except containers and boxes) employed nearly one-third of the industry’s workers; those producing paperboard containers and boxes, 29 percent; and paper mills (except building paper mills), 26 percent. The industry’s 484,860 production and related workers accounted for nearly three-fourths o f total in dustry employment (table 10). Clerical workers ranked second with 10 percent. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers constituted 6 percent; managerial and ad ministrative workers, 5 percent; sales workers, over 3 Paper goods machine setters and setup operators.................. First-line supervisors, production................................ Machine feeders and offbearers.................................. Hand packers and packagers___ Industrial truck and tractor operators................................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 54,820 8.4 27,380 4.2 24,890 21,100 3.8 3.2 20,920 3.2 Text table 7. Paper and allied products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group Percent change 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 T o ta l.............................................................. 686,140 698,910 653,480 -4.8 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 33,000 37,340 31,480 -4.6 28,660 15,480 65,730 531,640 11,630 40,690 16,540 73,240 519,530 11,570 41,250 '20,450 63,120 484,860 9,350 43.9 32.1 -4.0 -8.8 -19.6 1 Includes 1,850 employees in the occupation "first-line supervisor— sales” which would have been included with managerial employment in previous surveys, 39 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 26) Occupation Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l..................................................................................... 653,490 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 31,500 2,180 4.82 .33 n.a. 5 n.a. 26 1,750 910 .27 .14 7 4 23 15 2,520 960 4,880 13,800 4,500 .39 .15 .75 2.11 .69 6 8 4 3 6 19 10 30 88 15 41,230 12,110 6.31 1.85 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5,030 4,180 330 520 .77 .64 .05 .08 n.a. 6 13 17 n.a. 36 4 3 2,540 .39 4 31 1,360 980 2,200 9,180 1,870 1,420 2,130 3,760 .21 .15 .34 1.40 .29 .22 .33 .58 8 4 19 n.a. 8 6 5 n.a. 12 13 7 n.a. 8 12 13 n.a. 3,710 .57 n.a. n.a. 710 .11 16 4 220 .03 19 2 280 920 .04 .14 10 13 2 8 1,580 2,190 1,890 300 170 .24 .34 .29 .05 .03 18 n.a. 19 22 30 3 n.a. 6 2 1 4,130 .63 n.a. n.a. 2,950 .45 17 6 1,180 .18 32 1 2,550 .39 n.a. n.a. 1,130 980 440 .17 .15 .07 13 6 7 8 9 5 610 1,500 .09 .23 8 10 7 11 5,080 .78 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Life scientists................................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h e alth .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing...................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................ Computer programmer aid es................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers........................................................................... Designers, except interior designers......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ See footnotes at end of table. 40 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued ( S IC 2 6 ) Occupation Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries...................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks................... ...................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks.......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers......................................................................................... Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Log handling equipment operators............................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 20,450 3.13 n.a. n.a. 1,850 .28 6 14 2,990 .46 7 14 13,530 2,080 2.07 .32 2 8 52 10 63,140 9.66 n.a. n.a. 2,490 11,630 750 760 1,250 410 .38 1.78 .11 .12 .19 .06 7 9 16 5 7 14 19 66 4 13 8 3 910 470 .14 .07 5 9 14 5 2,730 710 7,420 1,680 2,370 6,820 .42 .11 1.14 .26 .36 1.04 4 4 4 2 3 18 11 57 26 21 45 3,430 .52 n.a. n.a. 350 .05 7 4 1,120 1,580 380 1,020 .17 .24 .06 .16 6 11 22 3 12 12 2 20 16,610 2.54 n.a. n.a. 3,780 .58 4 27 890 .14 8 5 3,060 .47 5 18 8,080 1.24 2 60 800 .12 12 4 1,680 .26 21 6 9,340 1.43 n.a. n.a. 650 1,800 .10 .28 9 7 4 7 6,180 .95 n.a. n.a. 5,760 .88 4 44 420 710 .06 11 3 .11 n.a. n.a. 2,970 1,540 .45 .24 n.a. 15 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 41 7 2 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 270 290 0.04 .04 22 18 1 2 870 .13 20 1 484,860 74.20 n.a. n.a. 34,920 5.34 n.a. n.a. 4,050 .62 4 21 590 .09 36 2 27,380 4.19 2 80 1,310 .20 4 14 1,590 1,220 .24 .19 9 9 9 4 11,570 43,430 13,280 1.77 6.65 2.03 4 n.a. n.a. 29 n.a. n.a. 3,660 9,620 6,550 2,900 15,550 640 .56 1.47 1.00 .44 2.38 .10 10 6 5 5 5 8 11 17 7 11 47 4 520 2,440 .08 .37 10 8 4 6 100 230 1,220 .02 .04 .19 40 25 18 (3) 1 3 13,480 940 6,490 2.06 .14 .99 n.a. 6 4 n.a. 6 18 840 .13 6 5 3,900 1,310 4,970 1,090 2,900 .60 .20 .76 .17 .44 6 13 n.a. 6 8 6 2 n.a. 8 10 380 350 250 750 .06 .05 .04 .11 8 15 17 n.a. 3 1 1 n.a. 380 370 370 .06 .06 .06 10 14 n.a. 3 2 n.a. Logging tractor operators............................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers................................ ........................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, water or power generation plant........................................................ All other machinery maintenance mechanics...................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers.................................................................................... Riggers......................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision printing workers............................................................ Precision compositors, typesetters, and arrangers.................................................................................. All other precision printing w orkers......................................... Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Percent of total employment See footnotes at end of table. 42 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Precision detail design decorators, and painters ............................................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................................ Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................................... Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Printing press machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Photoengraving and lithographing photographers.......................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Photoengraving and lithographing machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Bindery machine operators....................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ............................................ Paper goods machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure.............................................................................. Chemical equipment controllers and operators.................................................................................... Chemical equipment tenders.................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)* Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 100 270 0.02 .04 19 17 1 2 3,430 .52 n.a. n.a. 380 .06 20 1 260 .04 22 1 2,100 .32 12 3 340 .05 38 350 .05 n.a. n.a. 780 .12 n.a. n.a. 208,480 31.90 n.a. n.a. 5,150 .79 5 12 520 .08 14 3 4,960 .76 6 11 680 .10 20 2 1,060 .16 10 3 16,660 2.55 3 35 460 780 .07 .12 11 13 3 3 1,410 .22 11 3 54,820 8.39 3 53 3,060 .47 6 8 2,650 2,320 .41 .36 7 10 5 4 5,350 .82 5 21 18,230 2.79 4 41 2,190 .34 10 4 5,480 .84 6 12 9,840 1.51 5 25 1,970 .30 10 3 1,690 .26 9 3 7,960 1.22 5 9 3,270 .50 12 5 6,690 1.02 7 16 11,780 1.80 6 18 3,080 .47 10 4 ft C o a tin g , p a in tin g , a n d s p ra y in g m a c h in e setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... See footnotes at end of table. 43 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Employment1 All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers.......... ..................................................... Cutters and trimmers, hand ...................................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators..................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators..................................... Power distributors and dispatchers.......................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators............................................ Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers......................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators............................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators...................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Crane and tower operators....................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand................................ Hand packers and packagers ..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 35,640 19,710 1,580 80 1,550 5.45 3.02 .24 .01 .24 4 n.a. 7 30 9 19 n.a. 5 (3) 5 11,160 5,340 6,770 1.71 .82 1.04 6 9 n.a. 14 6 n.a. 1,060 550 1,360 1,780 2,020 9,990 .16 .08 .21 .27 .31 1.53 7 14 10 7 15 n.a. 4 1 3 5 2 n.a. 7,330 1.12 3 37 2,260 400 .35 .06 8 17 19 1 110 180 .02 .03 14 17 1 1 140 25,610 270 1,200 20,920 1,820 300 .02 3.92 .04 .18 3.20 .28 .05 1,100 1,160 .17 .18 10 9 3 450 24,890 10,390 21,100 .07 3.81 1.59 3.23 15 4 1 35 30 27 41,740 6.39 4 23 17 n .a . 25 8 2 8 24 3 4 1 n .a . 1 4 49 6 1 5 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 44 Printing and Publishing Establishments in this industry perform any o f the following operations: (1) Letterpress, lithography, gravure, or screen printing; (2) bookbinding, typesett ing, engraving, photoengraving, and electrotyping; and (3) publishing newspapers, books, and periodicals, whether or not they do their own printing. These establishments employed nearly 1.3 million workers, or 7 percent o f manufacturing and 17 percent o f non durable goods employment in 1983. One-third of the workers were in establishments publishing (or publishing and printing) newspapers; another one-third worked in establishments engaged in commercial print ing; and less than one-tenth worked in establishments which publish (or publish and print) books and pam phlets. Unlike most other industries surveyed in the manufacturing sector of the economy, employment in the printing and publishing industry increased by 2 per cent between 1980 and 1983. Managerial and administrative workers decreased from 10 percent o f total employment in 1980 to 7 per cent in 1983. Sales workers and clerical and ad ministrative support workers, however, both increased as a percentage o f total industry employment. Text table 8 shows employment by major occupational group since 1977. Although still the largest occupational group in the printing and publishing industry, the 602,150 produc tion and related workers accounted for only about half o f total industry employment (table 11), a smaller pro portion than in any other manufacturing industry surveyed. Clerical workers accounted for 24 percent. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers made up 11 percent o f industry employment; sales workers, 10 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 7 percent; and service workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in printing and publishing are listed below: General managers and top executives...................................... Sales representatives...................... Printing press machine operators and tenders.................................... Offset lithographic press setters and setup operators.......... Writers and editors........................ Employment Percent o f industry employment 63,060 62,530 4.9 4.9 60,390 4.7 55,690 50,710 4.3 3.9 Text table 8. Printing and publishing: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,132,880 1,254,300 1,286,710 13.6 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 97,070 126,830 '91,520 -5.7 121,430 73,050 239,570 582,510 19,250 136,890 92,890 264,290 612,420 20,980 147,490 2123,560 302,560 602,150 19,200 21.5 69.1 26.3 3.4 -0.3 1 A significant portion of the decline may be due to changes in the coding structure rather than to actual changes in establishment staffing patterns. See footnote 1 to text table 1. 2 Includes 7,722 employees in the occupation “first-line supervisor— sales" which would have been included with managerial employment in previous surveys. 45 Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 (SIC 27) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7.11 .26 n.a. 2 n.a. 9 1,750 1,020 .14 .08 2 3 6 4 6,050 2,940 5,180 63,060 8,170 .47 .23 .40 4.90 .63 3 8 3 1 7 8 4 8 79 5 147,490 11,260 11.46 .88 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,100 3,040 380 680 .32 .24 .03 .05 n.a. 4 7 10 n.a. 6 1 1 1,330 .10 3 4 890 2,820 2,120 1,260 500 530 230 .07 .22 .16 .10 .04 .04 .02 4 4 6 n.a. 6 9 12 2 5 2 n.a. 1 1 (3) 3,930 .31 n.a. n.a. 150 3,100 .01 .24 13 7 (3) 4 680 .05 13 1 8,850 .69 n.a. n.a. 2,970 4,670 .23 .36 5 4 5 8 1,210 320 1,360 .09 .02 .11 n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. 3 180 50,710 1,380 .01 3.94 .11 11 2 12 1 27 1 1,160 41,670 5,480 11,140 3,160 .09 3.24 .43 .87 .25 10 2 3 3 6 1 15 6 11 3 5,630 .44 n.a. n.a. 123,570 9.60 n.a. n.a. 7,720 20’290 .60 1.58 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l..................................................................................... 1,286,710 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 91,520 3,350 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products ...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except safety .......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Librarians, professional ................................................................ Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical w riters........................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers.................................................................. Reporters and correspondents ................................................... Photographers.............................................................................. Artists and related workers......................................................... Designers, except interior designers......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations ..................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers.................................................................. Sales agents, advertising............................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 46 5 3 6 7 Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 27) Occupation Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... Cashiers.......................................................................................... News and street vendors, telephone solicitors, door-to-door sales workers, and other related workers......................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers................................ Advertising clerks.......................................................................... Proofreaders and copy markers.................................................. Secretaries...................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social w elfare.............................................................................. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Duplicating machine operators................................................. Mail machine operators, preparation and handling .................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... Data keyers, composing............................................................ All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.............................................................................. Messengers..................................................................................... Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 9,940 0.77 4 9 62,530 1,380 4.86 .11 2 7 42 2 16,600 5,110 1.29 .40 15 9 2 3 302,520 23.51 n.a. n.a. 7,840 680 10,490 18,640 42,180 970 2,750 10,840 7,520 .61 .05 .82 1.45 3.28 .08 .21 .84 .58 3 7 4 2 2 13 6 3 4 8 1 5 24 52 1 6 13 10 1,070 2,690 .08 .21 3 6 4 3 9,060 760 820 .70 .06 .06 4 5 9 5 2 1 950 35,170 2,060 4,100 44,330 .07 2.73 .16 .32 3.45 18 1 3 3 3 45,180 3.51 n.a. n.a. 1,330 810 .10 .06 6 13 2 2 12,800 .99 5 9 3,650 510 5,160 20,130 790 3,040 .28 .04 .40 1.56 .06 .24 6 9 5 3 14 2 5 1 18 1 8 7,100 4,470 .55 .35 5 4 9 5 31,770 2.47 n.a. n.a. 720 .06 8 1 5,770 .45 3 6 290 .02 12 6,950 .54 4 11 16,680 1.30 2 22 1,360 .11 11 1 8,040 .62 10 3 See footnotes at end of table. 47 O 55 6 6 40 5 O Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 27) Occupation Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ...................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Machinists ................................................................................... Precision etchers and engravers, hand or machine .................................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision printing workers............................................................ Precision compositors, typesetters, and arrangers.................................................................................. Job printers................................................................................ Precision lithography and photoengraving workers .................................................................................... Bookbinders............................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 19,200 1.49 n.a. n.a. 960 1,870 .07 .15 6 6 2 2 410 .03 11 15,260 1.19 n.a. n.a. 14,470 1.12 2 24 790 700 .06 .05 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 230 230 .02 .02 n.a. 12 n.a. 1 602,180 46.80 n.a. n.a. 39,460 3.07 n.a. n.a. 820 .06 5 2 36,000 2.80 1 44 1,310 .10 6 2 1,330 640 .10 .05 8 14 2 1 4,680 11,910 3,060 740 6,660 340 .36 .93 .24 .06 .52 .03 6 n.a. 6 16 3 14 3 n.a. 3 1 12 1 270 840 .02 .07 18 n.a. (3) n.a. 2,310 350 1,560 .18 .03 .12 n.a. 7 5 n.a. 1 2 180 220 2,520 1,620 .01 .02 .20 .13 12 n.a. n.a. 10 (3) n.a. n.a. 1 650 250 88,330 .05 .02 6.86 20 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 20,960 15,690 1.63 1.22 3 4 19 15 40,310 9,310 3.13 .72 2 6 30 6 J_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. 48 (3) Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 27) Occupation All other precision printing workers ......................................... Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters .............................................................................. Precision photographic process w orkers................................ All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Offset lithographic press setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Letterpress setters and set-up operators................................................................................... All other printing press setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Photoengraving and lithographing photographers.......................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Bindery machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Typesetting and composing machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Photoengraving and lithographing machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Bindery machine operators....................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ............................................ Paper goods machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, nec ............................................................. Cutters and trimmers, hand ...................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Engraving and printing workers, hand..................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer ............................................................. ............................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers ........................................................................... Driver/sales workers.................................................................. All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,060 18,170 0.16 1.41 11 n.a. 1 n.a. 4,720 2,030 11,420 .37 .16 .89 7 g 4 5 2 7 289,830 22.52 n.a. n.a. 55,690 4.33 2 30 19,300 1.50 4 13 6,020 .47 g 2 17,510 1.36 2 26 1,680 .13 18 (3) 2,220 .17 13 1 23,670 1.84 3 20 3,570 .28 12 1 32,340 2.51 3 31 60,390 4.69 2 31 3,000 31,040 .23 2.41 g 3 2 18 11,000 .85 g 3 2,350 .18 12 1 960 .07 10 1 2,750 .21 6 2 1,730 .13 11 1 9,220 .72 10 4 2,050 .16 14 1 3,340 18,740 660 .26 1 46 .05 12 15 1 n.a. 1 150 790 17,140 35,210 01 .06 1.33 2.74 37 19 5 n.a. (3) 1 4 n.a. 1,920 .15 12 1 18,510 14,100 680 1.44 1 10 .05 4 7 18 26 3 1 250 6,620 5,420 .02 .51 .42 14 n.a. 6 (3) n.a. 3 1,200 580 33,460 18,560 .09 05 2.60 1.44 20 8 3 3 (3) 1 12 15 See footnotes at end of table. 49 Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 27) Occupation Employment1 Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.................................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 12,040 0.94 6 3 18,280 1.42 n.a. n.a. 590 .05 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 50 Chemicals and Allied Products Clerical workers, 15 percent; managerial and ad ministrative workers, 8 percent; sales workers, 4 per cent; and service workers, 2 percent. The change in oc cupational employment between 1977 and 1983 is shown in text table 9. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing chemicals and allied products are listed in the tabulation below: Establishments which produce basic chemicals and manufacture products by predominantly chemical pro cesses employed 1.1 million workers, accounting for 6 percent o f manufacturing and 14 percent o f nondurable goods employment in 1983. O f these workers, 19 per cent worked in establishments manufacturing, fabricating, or processing medicinal chemicals and pharmaceutical products; 16 percent worked in establishments producing plastics materials and syn thetic resins, synthetic rubber, and synthetic and other manmade fibers, except glass; and 16 percent worked in establishments manufacturing industrial organic chemicals. As shown in table 12, the 546,840 production and related workers in the chemical and allied products in dustry accounted for over half (52 percent) o f total in dustry employment. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers ranked second with 19 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders................ Chemical equipment controllers and operators.............................. First-line supervisors, production.................................. Secretaries....................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health........ . Employment Percent o f industry employment 51,480 4.9 44,180 4.2 41,980 39,650 4.0 3.8 37,640 3.6 Text table 9. Chemicals and allied products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,081,980 1,116,820 1,053,520 - 2.6 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 96,960 110,000 86,400 -10.9 179,290 55,360 160,600 564,030 25,740 196,640 35,290 162,670 587,520 24,700 202,040 38,270 153,900 546,840 23,560 12.7 -30.9 - 4.2 - 3.0 - 8.5 Major occupational group 51 Table 12. Chemical and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 28) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 1,053,570 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators................................... . 86,400 5,490 8.20 .52 n.a. 6 n.a. 18 3,700 1,860 .35 .18 5 3 19 15 6,700 2,810 9,570 32,300 23,970 .64 .27 .91 3.07 2.28 7 12 5 4 7 11 9 21 86 19 202,050 33,710 19.18 3.20 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14,540 10,940 1,190 2,410 1.38 1.04 .11 .23 n.a. 4 6 11 n.a. 36 6 4 4,050 .38 3 20 3,920 790 .37 .07 5 8 13 3 1,170 9,240 40,910 .11 .88 3.88 13 10 n.a. 4 8 n.a. 560 17,660 1,570 120 3,520 3,360 1,540 8,290 4,290 .05 1.68 .15 .01 .33 .32 .15 .79 .41 12 4 14 35 9 9 6 6 10 1 24 3 O 8 7 9 19 6 12,450 1.18 n.a. n.a. 320 .03 13 1 2,500 .24 13 4 1,150 .11 18 2 1,370 3,470 .13 .33 14 11 2 10 3,640 31,750 240 30,110 1,400 11,470 480 7,650 2,120 1,220 .35 3.01 .02 2.86 .13 1.09 .05 .73 .20 .12 10 n.a. 16 4 12 n.a. 17 10 19 18 4 n.a. 1 46 3 n.a. 1 7 1 1 44,440 4.22 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction............................................. All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers ......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Agricultural engineers................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physicists and astronomers...................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Life scientists................................................................................. Agricultural and food scientists................................................ Biological scientists................................................................... Medical scientists...................................................................... All other life scientists .............................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists..................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 5* Table 12. Chemical and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 28) Occupation Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists, except health ........................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control........................................................................................ Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ Statisticians.................................................................................... All other mathematical scientists................................................ Lawyers.......................................................................................... Physicians and surgeons ............................................................. Veterinarians and veterinary inspectors..................................... Registered nurses......................................................................... Pharmacists ................................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians............................................. Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical writers........................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks ............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,180 0.40 12 3 37,640 3.57 4 40 2,620 .25 10 3 11,650 1.11 n.a. n.a. 6,160 4,180 1,190 .58 .40 .11 8 6 7 10 11 5 120 1,810 .01 .17 19 n.a. (3) n.a. 840 790 180 1,830 360 290 1,360 300 .08 .07 .02 .17 .03 .03 .13 .03 12 14 29 11 10 15 4 27 2 2 930 720 530 .09 .07 .05 14 17 18 3 2 2 520 1,210 .05 .11 17 12 2 3 5,810 .55 n.a. n.a. 38,270 3.63 n.a. n.a. 4,440 3,770 .42 .36 9 8 7 9 21,040 2.00 4 35 5,850 3,170 .56 .30 8 9 7 5 153,910 14.61 n.a. n.a. 5,940 39,650 3,020 1,230 5,190 2,820 .56 3.76 .29 .12 .49 .27 7 4 10 5 6 7 16 70 4 9 16 9 2,310 1,410 .22 .13 5 7 12 5 4,890 1,920 960 14,640 2,240 4,220 18,510 .46 .18 .09 1.39 .21 .40 1.76 7 4 13 3 2 5 4 13 12 3 53 17 13 46 8,520 .81 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 53 0 3 3 1 9 (3) Table 12. Chemical and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 28) Occupation Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers......................................................................................... Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Animal caretakers, except farm .................................................. All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers.......... ............................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders............................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 510 0.05 9 2 2,750 660 3,730 870 1,640 .26 .06 .35 .08 .16 5 10 4 9 2 11 2 13 2 16 30,130 2.86 n.a. n.a. 5,470 .52 4 14 1,350 .13 10 3 8,250 .78 3 30 13,450 1.28 2 51 1,610 .15 10 4 4,670 .44 8 7 23,570 2.24 n.a. n.a. 1,860 6,380 .18 .61 7 5 6 11 1,000 .09 12 2 13,420 1.27 n.a. n.a. 12,740 1.21 3 31 680 910 .06 .09 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,520 960 1,340 .24 .09 .13 n.a. 9 13 n.a. 3 1 220 .02 40 546,850 51.90 n.a. n.a. 57,290 5.44 n.a. n.a. 9,250 .88 3 17 1,430 .14 10 3 41,980 3.98 2 71 2,100 .20 4 10 2,530 3,200 .24 .30 6 10 7 3 See footnotes at end of table. 54 0 Table 12. Chemical and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued ( S IC 2 8 ) Occupation Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, water or power generation plant........................................................ All other machinery maintenance mechanics...................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers...................................... ........ Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive m echanics.............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Precision instrument repairers................ .................................. Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers.................................................................................... Riggers......................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... Insulation w orkers...................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Extractive and related workers, including blasters........................................................................................ Precision metal workers............................................................... Machinists ................................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting................................................................................ Extruding and forming machine operators and tenders, synthetic or glass fibers .......................................... Textile draw-out machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders.............................................................................. Chemical equipment controllers and operators................................................................................... Chemical equipment tenders.................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 14,210 69,370 21,070 1.35 6.58 2.00 7 n.a. n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. 5,810 15,260 4,650 2,260 27,070 820 .55 1.45 .44 .21 2.57 .08 9 5 8 8 3 8 8 10 3 4 46 3 640 .06 10 2 1,150 7,360 .11 .70 8 5 3 8 820 930 2,600 .08 .09 .25 10 9 16 2 2 2 26,650 2,500 10,800 2.53 .24 1.03 n.a. 5 5 n.a. 6 18 1,830 .17 5 6 8,510 1,450 1,560 .81 .14 .15 5 8 25 7 3 2 160 9,290 6,520 1,220 1,310 240 840 .02 .88 .62 .12 .12 .02 .08 25 n.a. 9 8 13 33 13 (3) n.a. 9 209,850 19.92 n.a. n.a. 5,640 .54 17 10,960 1.04 11 1 10,730 1.02 9 1 880 .08 23 3,400 .32 6 3 2,860 .27 4 5 480 .05 21 1 44,180 14,810 4.19 1.41 3 8 24 9 870 .06 17 1 1,070 .10 15 1 530 .05 16 1 2,960 .28 10 3 1,360 .13 10 2 See footnotes at end of table. 55 3 2 (3) 1 0 (3) Table 12. Chemical and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 28) Occupation Employment' Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators..................................................................... Gas plant operators................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators..................................... Power distributors and dispatchers.......................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers........................................................................................ Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators............................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Tank car and truck loaders....................................................... Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... All other material moving equipment Construction trades and extractive worker helpers........................................................................................ Freight, stock, and material movers, h a n d ............................... Hand packers and packagers .................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,100 0.39 9 3 29,910 2.84 2 39 2,760 .26 10 4 5,890 .56 8 5 51,480 4.89 3 38 3,340 .32 12 3 11,840 10,640 2,900 110 7,630 42,830 1.12 1.01 .28 .01 .72 4.07 8 n.a. 6 23 10 n.a. 6 n.a. 5 3,040 410 31,930 1,260 2,130 4,060 13,180 .29 .04 3.03 .12 .20 .39 1.25 25 18 4 15 8 12 n.a. 13 1 3 2 n.a. 8,180 .78 3 23 4,430 570 .42 .05 6 14 19 2 310 320 .03 .03 11 11 1 1 180 23,330 2,680 130 580 15,640 1,200 2,030 .02 2.21 .25 .01 .06 1.48 .11 .19 23 n.a. 5 16 8 3 12 6 1,070 1,880 .10 .18 n.a. 8 n.a. 4 540 3,870 10,620 21,890 .05 .37 1.01 2.08 13 9 5 15 1 2 9 6 26,400 2.51 5 15 O 3 n.a. 4 (3) O n.a. 5 0 2 25 2 5 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. ' Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 56 Petroleum Refining and Related Industries Establishments which refine petroleum, manufacture paving and roofing materials, and compound lubricating oils and greases from purchased materials employed 196,960 workers in 1983, or only 1 percent of manufacturing and 3 percent o f nondurable goods employment. Over four-fifths o f these workers were engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other products from crude petroleum and its fractionation products. The 117,050 production and related workers in this industry (table 13), accounted for 59 percent o f total in dustry employment. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers ranked second with 19 percent. Clerical workers accounted for 13 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 5 percent; sales workers, 2 percent; and service workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in the manufac ture o f refined petroleum and related products are listed in the tabulation below: Petroleum refinery and control panel operators........................ First-line supervisors, production................................ Chemical equipment controllers and operators............................ Maintenance repairers, general u tility ...................................... Chemical technicians and technologists.......................... 57 Employment Percent o f industry employment 15,340 7.8 8,480 4.3 7,540 3.8 5,410 2.7 4,970 2.5 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 (S IC 2 9 ) Occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling m anagers........................................................................ General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products ...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Petroleum engineers.................................................................. Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ........................................................................ All other physical scientists ...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists..................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h ealth ................................................. Petroleum technicians and All other physical and life science technicians and technologists............................................... Computer scientists and related workers .................................................................................... Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 196,940 100.00 10,760 800 5.46 .41 n.a. 16 n.a. 13 630 240 .32 .12 11 13 18 11 470 430 1,340 .24 .22 .68 18 13 10 9 9 16 140 3,780 2,930 .07 1.92 1.49 33 5 11 1 78 15 37,420 9,070 19.00 4.61 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,350 3,330 240 780 2.21 1.69 .12 .40 n.a. 16 13 21 n.a. 31 5 860 .44 6 26 1,040 220 2,600 10,610 380 4,530 560 840 820 410 2,420 650 .53 .11 1.32 5.39 .19 2.30 .28 .43 .42 .21 1.23 .33 11 20 22 n.a. 21 9 13 13 22 9 9 16 11 4 7 n.a. 3 14 6 8 6 10 15 5 2,830 1.44 n.a. n.a. 170 .09 26 2 440 .22 16 5 210 .11 28 2 440 950 .22 .48 19 11 11 620 3,370 2,500 .31 1.71 1.27 24 n.a. 10 n.a. 29 780 90 .40 .05 26 17 1 2 6,230 3.16 n.a. n.a. 4,970 2.52 10 25 760 .39 19 7 500 .25 42 2 3,390 1.72 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 58 4 4 4 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (S IC 2 9) Occupation Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service........................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,760 1,420 210 130 0.89 .72 .11 .07 19 21 26 n.a. 7 10 4 n.a. 380 .19 22 7 100 .05 17 3 1,310 .67 n.a. n.a. 4,800 2.44 n.a. n.a. 550 .28 27 5 680 .35 9 13 2,200 1,370 1.12 .70 7 44 30 3 24,770 12.58 n.a. n.a. 1,490 4,720 930 170 330 230 .76 2.40 .47 .09 .17 .12 16 8 28 10 14 12 15 60 5 8 6 4 430 230 .22 .12 10 18 10 4 970 290 3,700 450 420 3,960 .49 .15 1.88 .23 .21 2.01 11 12 10 9 10 11 25 9 49 15 10 43 1,710 .87 n.a. n.a. 90 .05 30 2 710 600 310 280 .36 .30 .16 .14 17 18 24 7 7 8 3 13 3,400 1.73 n.a. n.a. 1,160 .59 10 12 240 .12 23 3 1,300 .66 7 23 620 .31 13 11 80 .04 20 , 3 1,060 .54 25 6 2,120 1.08 n.a. n.a. 160 .08 See footnotes at end of table. 59 14 4 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (S IC 2 9) Occupation Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers ........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Employment’ Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 830 0.42 10 8 110 .06 33 1 860 160 .44 .08 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 40 .02 n.a. n.a. 117,030 59.42 n.a. n.a. 13,250 6.73 n.a. n.a. 3,060 1.55 8 15 810 .41 13 7 8,480 4.31 4 69 460 .23 9 10 440 880 .22 .45 13 14 7 7 1,620 14,050 4,240 210 5,410 470 .82 7.13 2.15 .11 2.75 .24 9 n.a. 7 19 9 9 11 n.a. 29 3 39 12 230 2,400 .12 1.22 14 8 5 10 380 350 360 .19 .18 .18 21 15 22 2 3 3 9,290 1,000 2,410 4.72 .51 1.22 n.a. 10 7 n.a. 10 15 410 .21 14 6 3,880 150 760 680 1.97 .08 .39 .35 10 30 10 n.a. 10 1 7 n.a. 180 4,720 3,060 1,560 100 100 .09 2.40 1.55 .79 .05 .05 29 n.a. 12 12 23 34 1 n.a. 9 5 2 1 20,440 10.38 n.a. n.a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers.................................................................................... Riggers......................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.............................................. ................................ Pipelayers.................................................................................... Insulation workers...................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Extractive and related workers, including blasters....................................................................................... Precision metal workers.............................................................. Machinists .................................................................................. Boilermakers.............................................................................. All other precision metal workers ........................................... Precision workers, n e c ................................................................ Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic......................................................... Percent of total employment See footnotes at end of table. 60 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 29) Occupation Employment’ Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure.............................................................................. Chemical equipment controllers and operators.................................................................................... Chemical equipment tenders.................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders .............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Gas plant operators................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators..................................... Petroleum pump system operators.......................................... Petroleum refinery and control panel operators................................................................................... Gaugers........................................................................................ Power distributors and dispatchers.......................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators...................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Tank car and truck loaders....................................................... Oil pumpers, except well h e a d ................................................. Crane and tower operators....................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers............................. ............................................................ Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand................................ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of totai employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 910 0.46 14 5 650 .33 12 6 7,540 930 3.83 .47 13 21 10 4 60 .03 27 1 170 .09 21 2 510 .26 20 2 940 .48 14 6 1,470 .75 26 3 3,410 1.73 7 41 3,020 1.53 7 21 350 .18 21 1 480 2,200 2,000 200 26,550 1,190 1,810 3,380 .24 1.12 1.02 .10 13.48 .60 .92 1.72 17 n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. 26 13 11 3 n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. 2 8 12 15,340 1,580 720 630 1,900 5,210 7.79 .80 .37 .32 .96 2.65 8 11 21 16 16 n.a. 17 8 2 3 7 n.a. 4,160 2.11 7 36 850 200 .43 .10 9 19 15 3 n.a. n.a. 16 1 5 35 2 10 100 .05 6 ,2 3 0 3 .1 6 1,250 260 310 2,630 280 1,150 .63 .13 .16 1.34 .14 .58 n.a. n.a. 9 32 15 4 26 12 350 1,820 .18 .92 n.a. 12 n.a. 7 740 840 1,640 .38 .43 .83 16 13 9 4 8 19 7,170 3.64 13 20 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products As shown in table 14, the industry’s 553,380 produc tion and related workers accounted for over threefourths o f total industry employment. Clerical workers, mostly office workers, ranked second with 9 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 6 percent; pro fessional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 5 percent; sales workers about 2 percent; and service workers, about 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing rubber and miscellaneous plastics products are listed in the tabulation below. These jobs, all o f which are in the production category, made up over one-fourth of total industry employment. This industry includes establishments which manufac ture tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods, heels and soles, flooring, and rubber sundries; establishments which engage in molding primary plastics for the trade; and those manufacturing miscellaneous finished plastics products. The industry employed 719,440 workers in 1983, or 4 percent of manufacturing and 9 percent o f nondurable goods workers. Of the industry’s employees, 68 percent work ed in establishments molding primary plastics or fabricating miscellaneous finished plastics products. Establishments manufacturing tires and inner tubes employed 13 percent; establishments manufacturing in dustrial and mechanical rubber goods, together with rubberized fabric sundries employed 14 percent. Unlike the majority of industries surveyed in 1983, aggregate employment in the rubber and miscellaneous plastics industry increased since 1980, growing by more than 18,000 (or 1 percent). Staffing patterns changed markedly between surveys. The number o f managerial and administrative workers declined by 11 percent between 1980 and 1983, while clerical staff declined by 6 percent. In line with other manufacturing industries, however, the employment of sales workers increased. Sales worker employment in the rubber and miscellaneous plastics industry increased by 3,600, or 33 percent. Employment since 1977 by oc cupational group is summarized in text table 10. Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders........................................ Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision............ First-line supervisors, production................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders.............. Plastic molding and casting machine setters and setup operators.................................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 78,700 10.9 53,130 7.4 35,140 4.9 23,810 3.3 21,810 3.0 Text table 10. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group Percent change 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 T o ta l.............................................................. 721,530 710,990 719,440 -0 .3 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w o rkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 37,090 45,860 40,800 10.0 33,330 10,870 60,890 568,200 11,150 41,070 11,020 67,470 534,150 11,420 36,000 114,620 63,640 553,380 10,740 8.0 34.5 4.5 -2.6 -3.7 1 Includes 1,540 employees in the occupation “first-line supervisor— sales” and 720 employees in the sales engineer category; in previous surveys these workers would have been included in the managerial and pro fessional categories. 62 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 30) Occupation Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 719,450 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 40,800 2,670 5.67 .37 n.a. 14 n.a. 20 1,750 1,230 .24 .17 8 11 18 15 3,010 1,260 4,870 20,820 5,190 .42 .18 .68 2.89 .72 15 21 7 2 11 14 6 23 87 15 36,030 10,110 5.01 1.41 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5,180 4,590 240 350 .72 .64 .03 .05 n.a. 9 14 12 n.a. 31 2 3 1,560 .22 4 17 980 710 1,680 11,280 2,610 970 2,040 390 4,020 1,250 .14 .10 .23 1.57 .36 .13 .28 .05 .56 .17 5 6 11 n.a. 18 20 7 28 15 15 9 7 6 n.a. 11 5 13 3 15 4 5,100 .71 n.a. n.a. 570 .08 13 3 550 .08 9 4 1,100 1,480 .15 .21 14 6 4 11 1,400 1,300 1,170 130 .19 .18 .16 .02 9 n.a. 12 36 4 n.a. 6 1 3,540 .49 n.a. n.a. 3,140 .44 6 10 400 .06 15 1 2,770 .39 n.a. n.a. 1,000 1,400 370 .14 .19 .05 14 14 7 6 9 4 360 430 .05 .06 5 10 4 3 1,140 .16 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products ...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ........................................................................................ Chemical engineers.................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering a n d related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. See footnotes at end of table. 63 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (S IC 3 0 ) Occupation Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks.................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers....................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households .................................... All other service workers ............................................................ Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 14,610 2.03 n.a. n.a. 1,540 720 .21 .10 12 9 8 4 3,160 .44 6 12 8,050 1,140 1.12 .16 4 8 31 5 63,610 8.84 n.a. n.a. 1,920 12,190 1,150 870 840 260 .27 1.69 .16 .12 .12 .04 6 3 44 6 8 13 13 64 2 11 5 2 890 300 .12 .04 4 9 11 3 2,080 670 7,920 1,380 1,560 7,840 .29 .09 1.10 .19 .22 1.09 5 5 2 3 6 3 11 8 52 16 12 42 2,780 .39 n.a. n.a. 240 .03 9 2 850 1,530 160 900 .12 .21 .02 .13 5 6 19 3 8 10 1 13 19,110 2.66 n.a. n.a. 3,400 .47 3 18 660 .09 10 3 2,550 .35 4 14 11,930 1.66 2 60 570 .08 10 3 950 .13 22 3 10,740 1.49 n.a. n.a. 640 1,400 .09 .19 11 6 3 5 190 .03 31 1 8 ,0 9 0 1.12 n.a. n.a. 7 ,8 1 0 1.09 4 40 280 .04 420 .06 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 64 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 30) Occupation Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers..................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving......................................................................................... Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders .................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision patternmakers, model makers, layout workers, and cutters.............................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 260 260 0.04 .04 n.a. 16 n.a. 2 553,400 76.92 n.a. n.a. 40,260 5.60 n.a. n.a. 2,500 .35 4 14 340 .05 41 1 35,140 4.88 2 79 970 .13 5 7 1,310 8,220 .18 1.14 8 4 6 23 21,030 30,550 11,670 1,460 1,730 13,360 210 2.92 4.25 1.62 .20 .24 1.86 .03 5 n.a. 4 14 7 3 14 32 n.a. 27 2 6 45 1 250 910 .03 .13 12 15 1 2 220 740 .03 .10 31 17 (3) 2 5,880 420 3,580 .82 .06 .50 n.a. 13 7 n.a. 3 10 240 .03 12 2 1,480 160 15,720 4,340 10,020 .21 .02 2.19 .60 1.39 11 30 n.a. 6 5 2 1 n.a. 12 28 380 590 390 210 1,400 .05 .08 .05 .03 .19 12 19 24 32 n.a. 2 1 1 1 n.a. 530 870 .07 .12 29 23 1 1 127,610 17.74 n.a. n.a. 1,460 .20 12 3 See footnotes at end of table. 63 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneoua plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 30) Occupation Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Extruding and drawing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Rolling machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Printing press machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders............................................ Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting................................................................................ Sewing machine operators, garment....................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders................................................................................ Tire building machine operators............................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................ Chemical equipment controllers and operators.................................................................................. Chemical equipment tenders................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,520 0.21 16 2 1,580 .22 12 3 5,770 .80 9 5 1,490 .21 21 1 8,090 1.12 8 5 440 .06 21 1 890 .12 15 2 1,210 .17 18 1 21,810 3.03 5 32 78,700 10.94 3 37 130 .02 27 (3) 240 .03 25 0 120 .02 25 (3) 340 .05 39 (3) 120 .02 23 (3) 230 650 .03 .09 37 22 0 2,820 .39 13 3 6,570 .91 11 4 136,940 19.03 n.a. n.a. 780 .11 15 2 420 .06 31 1 2,020 .28 12 2 660 .09 23 1 480 .07 20 1 1,140 1,000 3,820 .16 .14 .53 18 29 14 2 (3) 5 5,160 13,570 .72 1.89 18 9 0 4,420 .61 11 3 710 .10 11 3 930 430 .13 .06 19 19 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. 66 1 2 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 30) Occupation Employment’ Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Welders and cutters......................................................... .......... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Cutters and trimmers, hand ...................................................... Molders and casters, h a n d ....................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Chemical plant and system operators..................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ...................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... C o nveyo r o p e ra tors and ten d ers ...................................................... All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,220 0.31 13 3 7,560 1.05 5 14 3,420 .48 10 7 4,910 .68 8 8 1,250 .17 14 2 490 .07 19 1 12,650 1.76 4 24 11,270 1.57 6 15 23,810 3.31 4 17 10,930 1.52 7 11 3,390 .47 13 3 12,930 78,030 850 140 6,670 1,900 1.80 10.85 .12 .02 .93 .26 7 n.a. 11 30 8 12 7 n.a. 4 (3) 6 2 3,600 .50 10 5 53,130 11,740 2,330 1,010 400 920 3,750 7.38 1.63 .32 .14 .06 .13 .52 3 8 n.a. 22 10 23 n.a. 33 7 n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 2,680 .37 6 10 1,070 .15 9 8 950 15,900 14,430 820 .13 2.21 2.01 .11 n.a. n.a. 4 19 n.a. n.a. 25 1 650 570 .09 .08 12 13 2 2 170 14,310 14,890 18,700 .02 1.99 2.07 2.60 23 6 5 5 (3) 13 28 11 15,980 2.22 6 10 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 67 Leather and Leather Products Establishments which tan, curry, and finish hides and skins or manufacture finished leather and artificial leather products employed 205,540 workers in 1983, or only 1 percent o f manufacturing and 3 percent o f non durable goods employment. Establishments manufac turing footwear (except rubber) employed 62 percent o f industry workers, compared with 12 percent for establishments manufacturing handbags and other per sonal leather goods, and 9 percent for establishments engaged in tanning, currying, and finishing leather. Total employment in the leather manufacturing in dustry declined by 13 percent between 1980 and 1983. The 166,650 production and related workers in the in dustry (table 15) accounted for over four-fifths o f total industry employment. Clerical workers accounted for 10 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 4 percent; sales workers, 2 percent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 2 percent; and service workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in the industry, all production jobs, are listed in the tabulation below. These occupations made up more than one-third o f total industry employment. Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders.................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers, precision...................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment.................................. Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders.................. Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision.............. 68 Employment Percent o f industry employment 30,060 14.6 25,910 12.6 10,410 5.1 8,530 4.1 8,140 4.0 Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 31) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 205,550 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 8,130 520 3.96 .25 n.a. 8 n.a. 14 310 280 .15 .14 8 7 11 11 480 300 1,250 4,290 700 .23 .15 .61 2.09 .34 9 16 7 4 15 10 6 18 78 7 3,820 1,710 1.86 .83 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 780 .38 n.a. n.a. 360 .18 8 12 130 140 300 530 300 80 150 .06 .07 .15 .26 .15 .04 .07 11 10 19 n.a. 9 12 n.a. 4 4 3 n.a. 9 2 n.a. 260 .13 n.a. n.a. 130 .06 12 4 130 .06 n.a. n.a. 60 .03 n.a. n.a. 630 .31 n.a. n.a. 190 300 .09 .15 18 12 4 6 140 420 .07 .20 n.a. 12 n.a. 7 210 .10 n.a. n.a. 4,680 2.28 n.a. n.a. 480 .23 17 7 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional. paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support w orkers........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... 540 .26 15 6 2,960 700 1.44 .34 11 n.a. 25 n.a. 19,780 9.62 n.a. n.a. 1,050 2,080 140 230 310 130 .51 1.01 .07 .11 .15 .06 13 6 37 6 26 25 15 44 2 10 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. 69 Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 31) Occupation Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Marking clerks............................................................................. Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks........................................................ ................................ All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations ........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... Elevator operators...................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service workers ............................................................. Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 210 190 0.10 .09 7 14 8 4 840 220 60 1,990 850 550 2,950 .41 .11 .03 .97 .41 .27 1.44 12 11 15 5 4 12 9 10 6 2 49 19 10 39 1,200 .58 n.a. n.a. 140 .07 17 3 330 570 160 260 .16 .28 .08 .13 12 16 n.a. 5 6 7 n.a. 11 6,240 3.04 n.a. n.a. 580 .28 8 11 110 100 .05 .05 18 19 2 2 1,320 .64 19 12 3,640 1.77 4 56 490 .24 25 3 280 .14 n.a. n.a. 2,440 1.19 n.a. n.a. 220 370 .11 .18 16 8 3 6 1,760 .86 n.a. n.a. 1,580 70 .77 .03 3 13 38 2 110 90 .05 .04 15 n.a. 2 n.a. 40 .02 n.a. n.a. 166,660 81.08 n.a. n.a. 6,380 3.10 n.a. n.a. 190 .09 8 7 5,600 2.72 3 64 100 .05 16 2 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers .................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers.......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers....................................................................... Percent of total employment See footnotes at end of table. 70 ' Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 31) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, textile machines ............................................................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, sewing All other machinery maintenance mechanics...................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Menders - garments, linens, and related................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers....................................................................................... Fabric and apparel patternmakers, and layout workers ..................................................................................... Custom tailors and sewers ....................................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers, precision..................................................................................... Precision d y ers........................................................................... All other precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................................ Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders .............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Textile machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting................................................................................ Extruding and forming machine operators and tenders, synthetic or glass fib ers.......................................... Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Sewing machine operators, garment....................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 490 260 0.24 .13 13 21 5 2 4,100 3,490 1,220 1.99 1.70 .59 4 n.a. n.a. 33 n.a. n.a. 140 .07 20 2 700 380 60 160 1,820 90 140 .34 .18 .03 .08 .89 .04 .07 4 n.a. 31 14 4 23 n.a. 15 n.a. 310 120 120 70 490 .15 .06 .06 .03 .24 n.a. 13 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 4 n.a. n.a. 60 430 100 .03 .21 .05 28 n.a. 26 n.a. 26,950 13.11 n.a. n.a. 340 90 .17 .04 16 47 5 1 25,910 200 12.61 .10 6 28 36 2 410 500 .20 .24 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,600 .78 n.a. n.a. 510 .25 20 2 1,090 .53 n.a. n.a. 320 .16 24 1 73,390 35.70 n.a. 60 .03 19 1 70 .03 25 1 60 .03 20 1 170 .08 30 2 80 04 27 1 710 .35 18 2 70 .03 31 1 110 2,860 10,410 05 1.39 5.06 30 16 4 1 4 32 See footnotes at end of table. 71 1 3 33 1 n.a. 1 1 Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (S IC 3 1 ) Occupation Employment' Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders................................................................................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing........................................................ Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials...................................................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders............................................................ Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators .................................. .................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Pressers, hand............................................................................ Sewers, ha n d .............................................................................. Cutters and trimmers, h a n d ...................................................... Portable machine cutters.......................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n ec...................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers............................................ Machine feeders and offbearers................................................ Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... Hand packers and packagers.................................................... Ail other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ............................................................................. All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 30,060 14.62 3 100 .05 45 1,470 .72 23 5 160 .08 32 1 60 .03 17 1 3,590 1.75 6 24 3,380 1.64 7 20 380 .18 14 3 930 .45 10 6 8,530 4.15 6 34 370 .18 21 2 550 .27 14 3 100 .05 37 1 590 .29 20 2 1,690 .82 8 13 1,450 .71 16 3 5,060 25,980 160 3,960 4,550 500 2.46 12.64 .08 1.93 2.21 .24 n.a. n.a. 18 11 5 15 n.a. n.a. 2 12 33 3 350 .17 14 4 8,140 8,320 270 3.96 4.05 .13 7 7 n.a. 15 15 n.a. 270 .13 11 5 290 910 440 250 .14 .44 .21 .12 n.a. n.a. 10 12 n.a. n.a. 6 4 220 140 3,110 3,830 3,390 .11 .07 1.51 1.86 1.65 41 15 7 6 8 1 2 15 29 15 11,110 5.41 n.a. n.a. 60 .03 n.a. n.a. ' E stim ates o f f e w e r than 5 0 w orkers, or w ith less th a n 0.01 p e rce n t o f industry em p lo ym en t, o r w ith a relative error g re ate r than 5 0 are g enerally not show n sep a ra te ly since such e stim ates are consid ered unreliable. E stim ates th a t are not show n h ave be e n c oun ted in th e approp riate “All o th er" categories. 29 0 inform ation on sam pling variability and o th er types o f errors, s ee append ix A. 3 Less th an 0 .5 p ercen t, n.a. = not available. 2 R elative stan dard errors apply equally to d a ta on e stim ated e m p lo ym en t a n d p e rce n t o f total em ploym ent; relative stan dard errors a re e stim ated at th e level o f 2 c h an ces out o f 3. For further N O T E : D etail m ay not a d d to to tals d u e to rounding. em p lo y m e n t is roun ded to th e n e a re s t 10. 72 Estim ated Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Establishments manufacturing products o f glass, ce ment, structural clay, pottery, concrete and gypsum, cut stone, abrasives, asbestos, and m iscellaneous nonmetallic minerals employed 570,300 workers, ac counting for 3 percent o f manufacturing and 5 percent of durable goods employment in 19821, Establishments producing concrete, gypsum, and plaster products employed 33 percent; establishments manufacturing abrasive, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic m ineral products em ployed 19 percent; and establishments producing pressed or blown glass and glassware employed 18 percent. Total employment in the stone, clay, glass, and con crete products industry declined by 14 percent from the 1980 level. As shown in table 16, the 433,220 production and related workers in this industry accounted for threefourths o f total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. Most o f these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 6 percent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 5 percent; sales workers, 3 percent:' and service workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in the manufac ture of stone, clay, glass, and concrete products are listed in the tabulation below: Truckdrivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................... First-line supervisors, production.................................. General managers and top executives.................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Maintenance repairers, general u tility .......................................... 73 Employment Percent o f industry employment 56,200 9.8 23,200 4.1 19,280 3.4 18,420 3.2 15,370 2.7 Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 (SIC 32) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 570,270 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling m anagers........................................................................ General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 33,880 1,880 5.94 .33 n.a. 9 n.a. 9 1,280 670 .22 .12 6 4 8 6 1,770 710 3,480 .31 .12 .61 14 8 6 5 3 10 250 19,280 4,560 .04 3.38 .80 8 1 15 2 77 6 26,750 7,960 4.69 1.40 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,110 3,480 280 350 .72 .61 .05 .06 n.a. 5 15 19 n.a. 18 1 1 1,160 .20 4 8 850 440 1,400 6,950 .15 .08 .25 1.22 6 6 16 n.a. 5 2 2 n.a. 570 720 480 740 1,440 1,940 1,060 .10 .13 .08 .13 .25 .34 .19 6 14 9 9 7 8 12 2 2 2 3 6 6 2 4,730 .83 n.a. n.a. 80 .01 14 1 520 .09 9 2 360 .06 10 2 510 2,350 .09 .41 10 4 1 9 910 1,050 930 120 .16 .18 .16 .02 12 n.a. 7 28 2 n.a. 4 0 2,090 .37 n.a. n.a. 1,630 .29 5 3 460 .08 28 1 2,230 .39 n.a. n.a. 1,020 900 230 .18 .16 .04 17 10 8 3 4 1 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts............................................................. .......... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers.................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing-............................................... ........................ Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 74 Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Employment' Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control....................................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 80 0.01 12 360 500 .06 .09 5 8 3 2 880 .15 n.a. n.a. 15,110 2.65 n.a. n.a. 1,010 480 .18 .08 7 10 4 1 4,020 .70 8 11 8,500 1,100 1.49 .19 2 8 28 3 53,690 9.41 n.a. n.a. 1,820 10,960 290 390 650 250 .32 1.92 .05 .07 .11 .04 9 5 17 4 6 13 6 45 1 4 3 1 660 290 .12 .05 7 11 5 1 1,300 460 9,180 1,560 1,340 7,350 .23 .08 1.61 .27 .23 1.29 6 6 2 5 6 2 5 3 48 10 6 34 2,040 .36 n.a. n.a. 240 .04 12 1 760 920 120 720 .13 .16 .02 .13 8 6 26 3 4 4 (3) 7 13,770 2.41 n.a. n.a. 4,580 .80 2 24 1,940 .34 4 7 560 .10 7 2 1,940 .34 4 8 4,400 .77 3 18 350 .06 13 1 660 .12 17 1 7,400 1.30 n.a. n.a. 500 1,360 - . .09 .24 11 4 1 4 See footnotes at end of table. 75 O Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (S IC 3 2 ) Occupation Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service workers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brick masons ..................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists.................................... ;............................................ Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines...................................................................................... Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Riggers......................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians................................................................................. Brickmasons............................................................................... Concrete and terrazzo finishers.............................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................ Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.............................................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators.................................................................................. All other construction trades workers..................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 90 0.02 19 5,270 .92 n.a. n.a. 4,930 .86 3 20 340 180 .06 .03 12 18 1 (3) 220 220 .04 .04 n.a. 12 n.a. 1 433,220 75.97 n.a. n.a. 28,650 5.02 n.a. n.a. 2,000 .35 3 7 520 .09 17 1 23,200 4.07 1 58 1,470 .26 5 5 1,460 3,630 .26 .64 6 9 4 4 22,580 37,860 10,290 1,580 3.96 6.64 1.80 .28 4 n.a. 3 9 14 n.a. 18 1 400 1,760 15,370 3,390 .07 .31 2.70 .59 9 6 2 3 2 5 33 15 2,430 .43 5 6 770 870 210 790 .14 .15 .04 .14 7 7 15 9 2 2 1 2 12,430 940 3,660 290 4,210 2.18 .16 .64 .05 .74 n.a. 7 3 14 7 n.a. 3 8 1 7 400 .07 14 2 640 .11 9 1 240 2,050 .04 .36 37 13 (3) 2 See footnotes at end of table. 76 (3) Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Extractive and related workers, including blasters......................................................................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists .................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers............................................ Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision molders, shapers, casters, and carvers, except jewelry and foundry..................................... Precision patternmakers, model makers, layout workers, and cutters.............................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters ............................................................................. All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic......................................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ............................................ Textile machine operators and tenders winding, twisting, knitting, weaving, and cutting................................................................................ Extruding and forming machine operators and tenders, synthetic or glass fib ers.......................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders............................................................ Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,070 6,340 1,460 3,640 0.19 1.11 .26 .64 10 n.a. 8 5 2 n.a. 2 8 470 350 420 12,580 .08 .06 .07 2.21 15 15 23 n.a. 1 1 0 n.a. 8,950 1.57 5 9 1,050 .18 9 2 990 1,590 .17 .28 13 21 1 1 12,230 2.14 n.a. n.a. 330 .06 13 1 1,040 .18 9 2 970 .17 16 1 240 .04 21 1,400 .25 11 2 2,180 .38 9 3 1,200 .21 16 1 850 .15 26 1 2,130 .37 10 1 930 .16 13 1 540 .09 18 1 420 .07 23 950 .17 n.a. n.a. 78,520 13.77 n.a. n.a. 960 .17 10 2 60 .01 25 (3) 310 .05 24 (3) 70 .01 24 (3) 1,760 .31 22 (3) 4,080 .72 20 (3) 12,550 2.20 3 17 3,130 .55 5 5 3,920 .69 6 6 1,920 .34 8 4 See footnotes at end of table. 77 (3) (3) Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Employment’ Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders .............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Glaziers, manufacturing............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers ............................................................... Cutters and trimmers, h a n d ...................................................... Molders and casters, h a n d ....................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer ......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle Dragline operators...................................................................... Dredge operators and dipper tenders..................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators..................................... Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. Pump operators.......................................................................... All other material moving equipment operators.................................................................................. Helpers - mechanics and repairers ........................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers........................................................................................ Machine feeders and offbearers................................................ Freight stock and material movers, h a n d ............................... Hand packers and packagers .................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,800 0.32 8 3 620 .11 11 1 370 .06 11 1 11,560 2.03 3 19 8,760 1.54 4 8 9,440 1.66 4 10 8,130 1.43 5 8 2,330 .41 n.a. n.a. 5,800 37,820 500 5,220 780 2,890 7,540 1.02 6.63 .09 .92 .14 .51 1.32 7 n.a. 19 5 13 5 5 3 n.a. 2,650 5,130 .46 .90 7 5 4 7 10,600 2,510 3,420 430 2,990 62,130 1.86 .44 .60 .08 .52 10.89 6 8 n.a. 10 13 n.a. 5 3 n.a. 56,200 9.85 2 55 5,270 660 .92 .12 6 19 12 1 280 30,070 240 70 1,360 750 2,130 18,420 3,250 230 2,770 .05 5.27 .04 .01 .24 .13 .37 3.23 .57 .04 .49 16 n.a. 14 19 6 8 4 2 6 11 7 <3) n.a. 850 1,570 .15 .28 20 11 1 2 760 15,130 12,330 15,360 .13 2.65 2.16 2.69 15 4 3 6 1 15 20 5 38,460 6.74 3 17 1 13 1 5 9 1 5 n.a. 1 o 4 3 8 35 10 1 6 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 78 Primary Metal Products workers, who accounted for 76 percent o f total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 7 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 4 percent; service workers, 2 percent; and sales workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing parmary metal products are listed below: Establishments which manufacture primary metal products employed 828,000 workers in 1983, or 4.5 per cent o f manufacturing and 8 percent o f durable goods employment. Of these workers, blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills employed 41 per cent; establishments engaged in rolling, drawing, and extruding nonferrous metals employed 22 percent; and iron and steel foundries, 17 percent. The primary metal products industry suffered the largest absolute and relative decreases in employment o f any manufacturing industry between 1980 and 1983. Total employment fell from 1.2 million in 1980 to 828,000 in 1983, a decline of 31 percent. The occupational staffing mix also changed somewhat between 1980 and 1983. The proportion o f production jobs fell from 79 to 76 percent, and managerial and professional jobs increased as a percen tage o f total employment. Changes since 1977 are sum marized in text table 11. As shown in table 17, the primary metal products in dustry employed 633,000 production and related First-line supervisors, production.................................. Machinery maintenance mechanics.................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Crane and tower operators.......... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 38,160 4.6 20,040 2.4 19,550 19,150 2.4 2.3 18,250 2.2 Text table 11. Primary metal products: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,180,940 1,205,100 827,560 -29.9 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 43,460 47,550 36,630 -15.7 61,390 8,540 98,660 945,010 23,880 68,670 10,680 98,230 956,430 23,540 54,920 112,370 74,110 632,910 16,360 -10.5 44.9 -24.9 -33.0 -31.5 1 Includes 1,570 employees in the occupation ‘‘first-line super visor— sales" and 1,050 employees in the sales engineer category; in previous surveys these workers would have been included in the managerial and professional categories. 79 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 33) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................................... 827,540 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 36,630 2,960 4.43 .36 n.a. 5 n.a. 24 2,270 1,210 .27 .15 4 3 23 17 2,540 1,040 6,620 13,710 6,280 .31 .13 .80 1.66 .76 5 9 6 2 10 17 7 26 84 18 54,930 14,790 6.64 1.79 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6,240 4,860 730 650 .75 .59 .09 .08 n.a. 5 18 12 n.a. 29 5 3 2,860 .35 3 32 1,960 1,060 2,670 17,450 .24 .13 .32 2.11 8 7 25 n.a. 12 8 7 n.a. 4,180 490 460 1,810 3,120 650 3,900 2,840 .51 .06 .06 .22 .38 .08 .47 .34 8 12 12 7 6 9 5 n.a. 23 3 3 9 16 6 18 n.a. 9,570 1.16 n.a. n.a. 150 .02 45 1 1,320 .16 9 6 960 .12 10 5 660 2,770 .08 .33 8 6 4 15 3,710 1,710 1,400 310 .45 .21 .17 .04 7 n.a. 6 15 9 n.a. 9 2 3,220 .39 n.a. n.a. 2,740 .33 7 8 480 .06 21 2 4,490 .54 n.a. n.a. 2,090 1,770 430 .25 .21 .05 10 10 8 9 11 4 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h e alth .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers .................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ...................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................ Computer programmer aid es................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 80 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (S IC 3 3) Occupation Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control....................................................................................... Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks ............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ........................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 200 320 0.02 .04 15 n.a. 2 n.a. 320 .04 25 1 1,360 .16 6 10 2,020 .24 n.a. n.a. 12,360 1.49 n.a. n.a. 1,570 1,050 .19 .13 7 8 9 5 4,100 .50 10 19 4,630 1,010 .56 .12 4 13 22 5 74,090 8.95 n.a. n.a. 3,270 11,130 1,170 710 1,980 620 .40 1.34 .14 .09 .24 .07 6 4 10 5 6 10 15 62 4 10 11 4 1,400 640 .17 .08 7 13 13 4 1,960 950 960 6,980 2,460 1,960 7,330 .24 .11 .12 .84 .30 .24 .89 8 5 13 4 4 5 5 10 10 3 50 20 14 38 4,150 .50 n.a. n.a. 410 .05 11 3 1,340 170 1,830 400 1,000 .16 .02 .22 .05 .12 7 17 6 21 5 10 1 11 2 14 22,840 2.76 n.a. n.a. 6,890 .83 6 22 2,830 .34 9 9 4,060 .49 4 18 8,100 .98 4 48 960 .12 9 4 2,580 .31 12 5 16,350 1.98 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 81 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (S IC 3 3 ) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics.............................................. Millwrights............................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brick masons ............................................................... ............. ......... Machinery maintenance workers ;.7............................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics ....................... ....................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Precision instrument repairers........................................................ Riggers.................................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................... Construction trades workers, except material moving................................................................................................... Carpenters.............................................................................................. Electricians............................................................................................. Brickmasons.......................................................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance....................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................................................................................... All other construction trades workers........................................... Extractive and related workers, including blasters................................................................................................... Precision metal workers....................................................................... Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,240 5,300 0.15 .64 8 6 7 13 240 .03 17 1 9,130 1.10 n.a. n.a. 8,350 1.01 5 39 780 440 .09 .05 21 22 2 2 250 250 .03 .03 n.a. 9 n.a. 2 632,930 76.48 n.a. n.a. 55,720 6.73 n.a. n.a. 9,280 1.12 10 20 1,720 .21 12 4 38,160 4.61 3 74 3,170 .38 • 16 9 3,390 9,690 .41 1.17 13 8 8 25 18,250 72,790 20,040 16,630 2.21 8.80 2.42 2.01 6 n.a. 10 13 31 n.a. 22 7 2,650 3,750 16,630 1,440 .32 .45 2.01 .17 11 10 4 14 6 12 49 4 2,280 3,150 2,490 3,730 .28 .38 .30 .45 13 13 20 18 5 5 1 4 29,390 2,220 15,830 2,320 3.55 .27 1.91 .28 n.a. 8 6 11 n.a. 9 23 4 1,100 .13 8 6 6,680 1,240 .81 .15 9 20 6 2 170 30,560 .02 3.69 24 n.a. 1 n.a. S See footnotes at end of table. 82 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 33) Occupation Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Pattern and model makers, m etal............................................ Precision layout workers, m etal................................................ Sheet- metal workers................................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Pattern and model makers, w o od ............................................ All other precision woodworkers.............................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision foundry mold and core m akers............................... All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Extruding and drawing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Rolling machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Foundry mold assembly and shakeout workers...................................................................... Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 5,630 12,920 0.68 1.56 8 6 15 23 3,940 2,540 980 1,470 2,220 860 1,500 1,280 220 14,090 13,210 880 .48 .31 .12 .18 .27 .10 .18 .15 .03 1.70 1.60 .11 6 7 16 17 18 34 n.a. 9 26 n.a. 3 15 12 11 3 3 1 1 n.a. 5 1 n.a. 26 2 153,200 18.51 n.a. n.a. 2,320 .28 8 5 2,820 .34 11 7 1,480 .18 7 6 680 .08 15 2 7,340 .89 5 17 9,470 1.14 9 11 2,400 .29 7 8 2,660 .32 7 7 4,880 .59 8 6 17,590 2.13 5 16 9,450 1.14 8 10 1,200 .15 17 2 16,090 1.94 8 8 1,000 .12 15 2 1,410 .17 12 3 2,010 24 10 — 3 1,730 930 .21 .11 17 18 3 2 200 .02 27 0 170 .02 41 (3) 8,560 1.03 4 18 11,740 1.42 7 13 5,630 .68 6 8 880 .11 14 2 1,190 .14 13 2 See footnotes at end of table. 83 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 33) Occupation Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Furnace operators and tenders................................................ Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Metal pourers and casters, basic shapes.............................................................................. Grinding and polishing workers, ha n d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers.......................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ........................................... Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers....................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators........................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators.................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators....................................... Grader dozer, and scraper operators.................................... Hoist and winch operators....................................................... Crane and tower operators...................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators..................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................ Pump operators......................................................................... Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,010 0.12 17 1 380 .05 20 1 2.890 .35 7 10 9,630 17,250 3,060 1.16 2.08 .37 4 5 10 20 42 4 5,150 .62 11 4 11,170 1.35 9 7 41,880 5.06 n.a. n.a. 1,380 .17 14 3 1,540 .19 12 3 1,750 .21 17 3 1,830 .22 12 5 1,520 .18 11 3 4.890 .59 6 14 4,700 .57 9 7 2,210 .27 11 2 10,890 56,820 13,510 510 1.32 6.87 1.63 .06 11 n.a. 9 19 7 n.a. 21 2 11,610 9,030 1.40 1.09 4 4 29 11 16,120 6,040 3,940 780 1,480 1,680 9,470 1.95 .73 .48 .09 .18 .20 1.14 5 14 n.a. 19 13 14 n.a. 13 5 n.a. 2 3 2 n.a. 6,450 .78 8 25 1,990 1,030 .24 .12 7 18 15 3 1,740 1,580 .21 .19 15 15 3 3 710 46,680 440 880 19,150 19,550 3,020 1,010 .09 5.64 .05 .11 2.31 2.36 .36 .12 19 n.a. 13 21 9 4 18 16 1 n.a. 2 2 15 33 3 2 See footnotes at end of table. 84 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 33) Occupation Employment1 All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,630 2,760 0.32 .33 n.a. 10 n.a. 6 2,140 10,590 13,110 .26 1.28 1.58 12 7 8 3 13 24 56,150 6.79 6 24 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 85 Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation Equipment This industry, which includes establishments which fabricate ferrous and nonferrous metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment, employed nearly 1.4 million workers, or 7 percent o f manufactur ing and 13 percent o f durable goods employment in 1983.The three largest employers o f these workers were: Establishments fabricating structural metal products, with 31 percent o f industry employment; those manufacturing metal forgings or metal stampings, 16 percent; and those fabricating miscellaneous metal pro ducts, also with 16 percent. Total employment in the fabricated metal products industry declined 13 percent between 1980 and 1983. Employment fell in all major occupational groups with the exception o f sales workers. Changes since 1977 are summarized in text table 12. The fabricated metal products industry employed just over 1.0 million production and related workers, who accounted for 74 percent o f total industry employment (table 18). Clerical workers accounted for 9 percent. Most o f these were office clerical workers. The remain ing emplyment was distributed as follows: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 7 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 6 percent; sales workers, 3 percent; and service workers, about 1 per cent. The tabulation below lists the five most populous occ u p a t io n s in t h e in d u s tr y : Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision.......... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic .. First-line supervisors, production.................................. General managers and top executives.................................... Sheet-metalworkers.................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 103,970 7.6 65,280 4.8 58,350 4.3 47,180 33,180 3.4 2.4 Text table 12. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1980 1977 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,588,640 1,579,960 1,369,000 -13.8 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 90,880 103,670 82,180 -9 .6 99,200 29,420 150,040 1,191,810 27,290 100,760 30,800 154,800 1,164,180 25,750 92,580 '35,840 127,560 1,010,290 20,130 -6.7 21.8 -15.0 -15.2 -26.2 1 Includes 3,010 employees in the occupation “first-line super visor-sales” and 2,230 employees in the sales engineer category; in previous surveys these workers would have been included in the managerial and professional categories. 86 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 34) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l.............. ...................................................................... 1,368,930 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 82,180 4,480 6.00 .33 n.a. 3 n.a. 14 3,160 2,230 .23 .16 4 2 12 11 4,670 2,220 7,360 47,180 10,680 .34 .16 .54 3.45 .79 3 7 4 11 6 15 2 11 84 92,580 24,640 6.76 1.80 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,740 9,380 800 1,560 .86 .69 .06 n.a. n.a. 2 .11 13 37 26 2 2 4,460 .33 3 15 1,680 4,260 2,500 30,680 .12 4 4 8 n.a. 5 10 4 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers .................................................. ..................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ 780 380 1,320 1,980 3,930 580 15,130 6,580 .31 .18 2.24 .06 .03 .10 .14 .29 .04 _ 8 15 11 17 4 14 . 11 n.a. 2 1 2 2 8 2 24 .48 5 n.a. n.a. 24,950 1.82 n.a. n.a. 340 .02 21 (3) 1,010 .07 11 2 1,080 .08 7 3 1,980 17,850 .14 1.30 10 3 3 26 2,690 910 .2 0 .07 10 n.a. 3 n.a. 910 .0 7 n.a. n.a. 760 .0 6 12 1 150 .01 20 5 ,7 0 0 .42 n.a. n.a. 1,890 2,510 .14 7 .18 4 5 7 740 .0 5 6 3 560 .04 340 .0 2 6 n.a. n.a. 1.11 Industrial eng ineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters......................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control....................................................................................... Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ See footnotes at end of table. 87 (3) 2 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Public relations specialists and publicity w riters................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................ Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks........................................................................................ All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................ All other clerical and administrative support workers....................................................................................... Service occupations....................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 340 0.02 19 1 750 .05 4 3 270 720 .02 .05 17 12 1 1 2,710 .20 n.a. n.a. 35,840 2.62 n.a. n.a. 3,010 2,230 .22 .16 4 6 6 3 10,320 .75 4 16 17,980 2,300 1.31 .17 3 8 27 3 127,550 9.32 n.a. n.a. 3,750 27,980 1,200 1,430 2,320 560 .27 2.04 .09 .10 .17 .04 3 2 10 3 4 8 9 58 2 7 4 2 1,480 1,200 .11 .09 3 5 7 4 3,240 1,660 19,580 3,220 3,070 19,960 .24 .12 1.43 .24 .22 1.46 3 3 2 2 3 2 7 7 51 12 9 42 6,230 .46 n.a. n.a. 580 .04 5 2 2,310 250 2,700 390 1,670 .17 .02 .20 .03 .12 4 11 3 11 2 7 1 7 1 9 25,810 1.89 n.a. n.a. 7,620 .56 2 13 1,300 .09 8 2 7,050 .52 3 12 8,340 .61 2 16 1,500 .11 7 3 3,190 .23 19 3 20,120 1.47 n.a. n.a. 1,300 .09 7 2 See footnotes at end of table. 88 / Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Riggers......................................................................................... Ali other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Pattern and model makers, m etal............................................ Precision layout workers, m etal................................................ See footnotes at end of table. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,730 0.27 6 4 370 .03 14 14,120 1.03 n.a. n.a. 13,520 .99 2 33 600 600 .04 .04 10 15 1 1 400 400 .03 .03 n.a. 10 n.a. 1 1,010,260 73.80 n.a. n.a. 67,460 4.93 n.a. n.a. 3,590 .26 4 8 930 .07 13 1 58,350 4.26 1 71 1,820 .13 6 5 2,770 13,260 .20 .97 6 3 4 18 26,800 53,770 18,660 5,350 4,230 17,490 820 1.96 3.93 1.36 .39 .31 1.28 .06 2 n.a. 4 6 8 2 12 25 n.a. 17 4 6 31 2 820 .06 8 2 810 530 5,060 .06 .04 .37 24 24 8 1 (3) 2 14,820 1,680 6,940 1.08 .12 .51 n.a. 10 4 n.a. 3 9 1,600 .12 16 2 2,550 2,050 116,180 30,380 31,970 .19 .15 8.49 2.22 2.34 8 15 n.a. 5 3 2 1 n.a. 24 28 7,540 2,460 6,790 .55 .18 .50 4 8 5 10 4 9 (3) Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Sheet- metal workers................................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision foundry mold and core m akers............................... All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Extruding and drawing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Rolling machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders.................................. .................................................... Metal fabricators, structural metal products........................................................................... Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic............................................................................... Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 33,180 2,560 1,300 360 1,850 1,080 770 2.42 .19 .09 .03 .14 .08 .06 5 33 18 15 n.a. 18 15 13 (3) 1 1 n.a. 1 1 346,630 25.32 n.a. n.a. 4,550 .33 5 8 20,460 1.49 3 13 10,140 .74 4 11 2,780 .20 9 3 12,660 .92 4 12 31,310 2.29 5 14 21,720 1.59 4 17 19,510 1.43 3 17 8,260 .60 4 14 2,800 .20 8 2 2,670 .20 7 2 5,170 .38 7 2 65,280 4.77 4 20 3,820 .28 6 3 9,580 .70 5 8 12,910 .94 6 6 22,510 19,910 1.64 1.45 4 5 17 10 1,680 .12 9 2 1,570 .11 12 2 23,060 1.68 5 11 1,440 .11 12 1 1,930 .14 15 1 9,740 .71 5 7 13,390 .98 4 8 2,600 .19 9 3 2,630 .19 10 2 880 .06 9 1 See footnotes at end of table. 90 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Furnace operators and tenders................................................ Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders................................. Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing ....................................................... Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing.......................................................................... Printing press machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing and related machine operators and tenders .............................................................................. Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Fitters, structural metal, precision............................................... All other precision assemblers, m etal........................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Glaziers, manufacturing............................................................. Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers ............................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, ha n d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer ......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Crane and tower operators....................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,650 1,460 700 0.19 .11 .05 6 8 12 3 2 1 6,860 .50 8 3 11,220 .82 6 3 55,850 450 4.08 .03 n.a. 14 n.a. 1 160 .01 16 ft 530 .04 18 ft 750 .05 12 460 .03 14 ft 480 .04 25 ft 730 .05 n.a. n.a. 470 .03 8 1 10,160 .74 4 13 9,800 .72 4 11 1,650 .12 7 3 1,170 .09 12 1 6,170 .45 7 5 2,620 .19 10 1 9,030 17,440 13,790 3,650 152,050 2,600 20,310 840 17,300 .66 1.27 1.01 .27 11.11 .19 1.48 .06 1.26 7 n.a. 5 15 n.a. 12 4 13 4 2 n.a. 7 1 n.a. 1 8 1 13 103,970 7,030 850 340 510 9,520 7.59 .51 .06 .02 .04 .70 2 8 n.a. 11 11 n.a. 27 3 n.a. 1 1 n.a. 5,870 .43 4 9 3,320 330 .24 .02 4 12 9 1 590 30,010 650 3,410 23,790 1,200 .04 2.19 .05 .25 1.74 .09 13 n.a. 11 6 3 12 1 n.a. 1 4 27 1 960 .07 11 1 See footnotes at end of table. 91 1 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Employment1 Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers ..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,520 0.11 10 2 1,300 18,000 25,080 24,440 .09 1.31 1.83 1.79 19 4 2 3 1 8 28 21 32,480 2.37 3 11 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 92 Machinery, Except Electrical and Transportation Equipment Manufacturers o f machinery and equipment, other than electrical or transportation equipment, employed just over 2 million workers in 1983, or 11 percent o f manufacturing and 19 percent o f durable goods employ ment. The three largest employers o f these workers were: Establishments manufacturing office, computing, and accounting machines, with 24 percent o f industry employment; establishments manufacturing metal working machinery and equipment, 14 percent; and establishments manufacturing construction, mining, and materials handling equipment, 13 percent. As shown in table 19, the 1.2 million production and related workers accounted for 57 percent o f total in dustry employment. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers ranked second with 17 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Clerical and administrative support workers, 14 per cent; managerial and administrative workers, 7 percent; and sales and service workers, 3 percent and 2 percent, respectively. Text table 13 provides data since 1977 by occupational group. The five most populous occupations in the industry are listed in the tabulation below: Machinists.................................. Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision.......... First-line supervisors, production................................ General managers and top executives.................................. Secretaries.................................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 118,020 5.8 102,750 5.1 70,710 3.5 62,720 57,790 3.1 2.8 Text table 13. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1980 1977 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 2,174,070 2,497,290 2,026,830 -6.8 Managerial and administrative w orkers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w orkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 156,480 195,830 149,820 -4.3 292,680 39,800 279,890 . 1,368,450 36,770 369,290 44,140 332,490 1,515,640 39,900 340,620 163,060 287,560 1,153,170 31,830 16.4 58.4 2.7 -15.7 -13.4 previous surveys these workers would have been included in the managerial and professional categories. 1 Includes 5,980 employees in the occupation “first-line super visor— sales” and 7,570 employees in the sales engineer category; in 93 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 35) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7.39 .45 n.a. 3 n.a. 14 5,410 3,910 .27 .19 3 3 12 12 11,240 4,400 14,150 62,720 38,950 .55 .22 .70 3.09 1.92 4 5 4 1 7 11 6 14 79 12 340,620 61,640 16.81 3.04 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 22,550 16,320 2,230 4,000 1.11 .81 .11 .20 n.a. 3 7 11 n.a. 25 3 3 11,330 .56 3 17 5,990 4,330 17,440 122,700 .30 .21 .86 6.05 5 4 13 n.a. 7 8 n.a. 1,490 1,730 830 1,430 43,420 20,910 600 38,220 14,070 .07 .09 .04 .07 2.14 1.03 .03 1.89 .69 7 19 17 33 8 7 6 3 10 2 1 1 (3) 13 15 2 28 4 83,830 4.14 n.a. n.a. 29,350 1.45 5 10 4,520 .22 7 4 7,640 31,010 .38 1.53 6 2 31 11,310 1,590 260 1,000 330 .56 .08 .01 .05 .02 n.a. n.a. 46 20 19 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 (3) 1,980 .10 n.a. n.a. 1,620 .08 13 1 360 .02 17 (3) 41,500 2.05 n.a. n.a. 12,120 23,740 2,340 .60 1.17 .12 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l.................................................................................... 2,026,770 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. . Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 149,810 9,030 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers............................... ........................................................ Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Agricultural engineers................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety .......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... 5 E n g in e e r in g a n d r e la te d t e c h n ic ia n s and technologists...................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters................. ....................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physicists and astronomers...................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health ................................ ;................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists............................................... Computer scientists and related workers .................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ...................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................ Computer programmer aid es................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 94 7 13 9 5 7 9 3 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control........................................................................................ Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ All other mathematical scientists................................................ Lawyers .......................................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical writers........................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks........................................................................................ Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks ......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators.................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks.................................................. ....................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,300 3,560 0.16 .18 8 n.a. 6 n.a. 2,560 1,000 740 .13 .05 .04 18 n.a. 9 1 n.a. 1 1,330 1,240 3,670 .07 .06 .18 5 11 6 3 1 4 640 4,680 .03 .23 11 8 1 3 11,520 .57 n.a. n.a. 63,060 3.11 n.a. n.a. 5,980 7,570 .30 .37 5 5 6 5 23,710 1.17 5 17 19,980 5,820 .99 .29 4 11 20 4 287,540 14.19 n.a. n.a. 11,690 57,790 3,020 2,270 4,860 2,400 .58 2.85 .15 .11 .24 .12 7 11 4 4 7 9 58 3 6 6 3 2,760 2,400 .14 .12 4 5 7 4 7,210 3,460 1,230 28,210 .36 .17 .06 1.39 5 4 9 8 8 4 ,3 1 0 5,460 38,200 2 2 47 .21 2 3 .27 1.88 4 6 8 38 16,810 .83 n.a. n.a. 770 .04 15 1 7,030 1,210 5,850 1,950 2,790 .35 .06 .29 .10 .14 6 11 3 13 3 8 1 9 80,780 3.99 n.a. n.a. 25,640 1.27 5 13 1,200 .06 11 1 27,190 1.34 3 26 23,740 1.17 2 35 See footnotes at end of table. 95 10 2 9 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics.............................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................ Farm equipment mechanics..................................................... Data processing equipment repairers..................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers....................................................... Precision instrument repairers................................................. Riggers........................................................................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving....................................................................................... Carpenters.................................................................................. Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,010 0.15 7 3 11,890 .59 17 3 31,810 1.57 n.a. n.a. 2,100 5,300 .10 .26 6 5 3 4 1,080 .05 14 1 22,470 1.11 n.a. n.a. 21,610 1.07 3 33 860 860 .04 .04 14 15 1 1 780 570 .04 .03 n.a. 8 n.a. 1 210 .01 30 1,153,150 56.90 n.a. n.a. 80,730 3.98 n.a. n.a. 4,550 .22 5 7 1,000 .05 12 1 70,710 3.49 2 60 2,030 .10 6 4 2,440 36,720 .12 1.81 6 4 4 22 24,880 60,100 11,510 4,230 2,780 21,520 860 1.23 2.97 .57 .21 .14 1.06 .04 4 n.a. 4 8 11 3 12 12 n.a. 7 3 3 27 1 920 390 7,750 .05 .02 .38 18 28 32 1 (3) 1 1,720 1,600 320 6,500 .08 .08 .02 .32 g 15 18 n.a. 2 1 (3) n.a. 18,420 1,930 .91 .10 n.a. 11 n.a. 3 See footnotes at end of table. % (3) Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Precision layout workers, m etal................................................ Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Pattern and model makers, w ood............................................ All other precision woodworkers.............................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision foundry mold and core m akers............................... All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 9,240 0.46 5 7 2,050 .10 5 3 3,960 1,240 208,870 52,080 118,020 .20 .06 10.31 2.57 5.82 9 33 n.a. 3 2 2 1 n.a. 29 57 9,330 2,710 22,800 3,930 4,380 3,700 680 4,870 2,190 2,680 .46 .13 1.12 .19 .22 .18 .03 .24 .11 .13 6 7 4 n.a. n.a. 10 25 n.a. 11 19 6 3 13 n.a. n.a. 2 (3) n.a. 1 1 318,230 15.70 n.a. n.a. 5,420 .27 4 10 36,640 1.81 2 24 25,640 1.27 3 18 15,850 .78 4 12 33,530 1.65 4 18 47,170 2.33 4 14 9,340 .46 5 8 6,240 .31 5 4 2,720 .13 5 3 1,550 .08 15 1 19,570 .97 5 9 29,180 1.44 3 17 13,870 .68 5 8 11,150 .55 6 6 25,800 14,170 1.27 .70 3 5 19 10 2,730 .13 8 3 2,120 .10 9 2 1,960 .10 15 1 1,640 .08 12 1 820 .04 12 1 980 .05 11 1 See footnotes at end of table. 97 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Employment1 Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................ ................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Furnace operators and tenders................................................ Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders................................. Electronic semiconductor processors...................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure............................................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers.................................................................................. Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision ...................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision ...................................................................................... All other precision assemblers, m etal........................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Machine assemblers......... ......................................................... Electrical and electronic assemblers....................................... Coil winders, tapers, and finishers........................................... Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, ha n d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor traile r......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators....................................................... Crane and tower operators...................................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 220 0.01 19 0 260 .01 27 0 1,370 .07 8 1 2,720 1,130 340 .13 .06 .02 6 8 13 3 1 4,100 .20 9 1 5,220 .26 9 2 33,720 470 1,080 1.66 .02 .05 n.a. 11 34 n.a. 1 0 540 .03 18 1 5,810 .29 4 9 4,920 .24 5 7 1,520 .07 8 2 1,180 .06 12 1 4,800 .24 21 1 2,420 .12 n.a. 5,760 93,180 .28 4.60 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 35,520 1.75 4 13 20,100 .99 14 3 32,570 4,990 194,310 21,000 26,870 1,500 26,230 3,040 6,960 1.61 .25 9.59 1.04 1.33 .07 1.29 .15 .34 7 9 n.a. 5 8 16 4 11 7 6 1 ' n.a. 7 5 1 9 1 4 102,750 5,960 2,050 800 1,250 6,170 5.07 .29 .10 .04 .06 .30 3 8 n.a. 11 36 n.a. 21 2 n.a. 1 1 n.a. 3,260 .16 9 5 2,540 370 .13 .02 4 11 7 1 620 22,600 420 2,600 .03 1.12 .02 .13 21 n.a. 19 8 0 n.a. (3) 2 See footnotes at end of table. ) 98 0 - n.a. Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Employment1 Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, h a n d ................................ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 17,560 800 0.87 .04 3 21 14 (3) 1,220 2,560 .06 .13 10 8 1 2 710 4,090 18,220 .04 .20 .90 14 7 4 (3) 3 13 17,720 .87 6 6 ' Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate "All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 99 Electrical and Electronic Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Manufacturers o f electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies employed just under 2.0 million workers, or 11 percent o f manufacturing and 19 percent o f durable goods employment in 1983. Establishments manufacturing electronic components and accessories employed 29 percent of the industry’s workers; establishments manufacturing communica tions equipment, 28 percent; and those manufacturing electrical industrial apparatus, 10 percent. The industry employed nearly 1.2 million production and related workers, accounting for almost three-fifths o f total industry employment (table 20). Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers accounted for 20 percent. Clerical and administrative support workers, primarily office clerical workers, accounted for 12 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 6 percent; and sales and service workers, 2 and 1 percent, respectively. Text table 14 shows employment by major occupational group since 1977. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies are listed in the tabulation below: Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision.......... Electrical and electronic assemblers................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists............................. First-line supervisors, production................................ Employment Percent o f industry employment 184,210 9.1 174,440 8.6 106,110 5.3 60,500 3.0 59,310 2.9 Text table 14. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 Major occupational group 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,882,730 2,079,640 2,017,110 7.1 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers........................................................ Clerical w o rkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rke rs................................................... 105,240 133,520 123,420 17.3 305,090 20,140 222,600 1,201,160 28,500 385,600 20,390 255,900 1,254,920 29,310 401,800 ’34,460 243,560 1,183,940 29,500 31.7 71.1 9.4 -1.4 3.5 1 Includes 4,480 employees in the occupation "first-line supervisor— sales" and 6,080 employees in the sales engineer category; in previous surveys these workers would have been included in the managerial and professional categories. 100 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 36) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6.12 .49 n.a. 7 n.a. 31 5,640 4,060 .28 .20 5 5 29 26 9,390 5,760 16,970 33,540 38,180 .47 .29 .84 1.66 1.89 6 8 8 3 9 24 14 32 86 27 401,810 70,600 19.92 3.50 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 20,410 14,440 2,320 3,650 1.01 .72 .12 .18 n.a. 5 8 11 n.a. 41 8 6 13,930 .69 3 52 5,910 3,500 26,850 167,520 .29 .17 1.33 8.30 6 7 8 n.a. 18 11 11 n.a. 1,610 3,320 1,240 106,110 18,690 830 19,380 16,340 .08 .16 .06 5.26 .93 .04 .96 .81 11 10 38 2 8 11 8 13 4 5 1 49 30 5 29 9 108,420 5.37 n.a. n.a. 60,500 3.00 7 39 4,380 .22 25 9 8,050 23,270 .40 1.15 24 6 8 43 12,220 3,120 1,820 1,060 240 .61 .15 .09 .05 .01 n.a. n.a. 44 11 18 n.a. n.a. 1 4 1 2,540 .13 n.a. n.a. 2,080 .10 12 4 460 .02 20 1 28,580 1.42 n.a. n.a. 10,460 13,830 2,720 .52 .69 .13 19 13 14 15 19 8 1,570 .08 13 4 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l.................................................................................... 2,017,120 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 123,420 9,880 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physicists and astronomers...................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h e alth .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control....................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 101 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ All other mathematical scientists................................................ Mathematical technicians............................................................. Lawyers.......................................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical writers........................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. 1,730 0.09 n.a. n.a. 1,140 380 210 940 .06 .02 .01 .05 18 n.a. 37 12 3 n.a. 0 3 1,640 1,130 3,530 .08 .06 .18 6 12 11 9 4 7 810 3,570 .04 .18 10 12 4 6 7,680 .38 n.a. n.a. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... 34,460 1.71 n.a. n.a. 4,480 6,080 .22 .30 6 7 13 10 12,210 .61 7 25 8,700 2,990 .43 .15 7 8 16 7 243,570 12.08 n.a. n.a. 9,590 44,270 3,200 1,920 8,800 3,000 .48 2.19 .16 .10 .44 .15 8 5 14 4 5 11 20 70 5 15 21 7 3,580 2,220 .18 .11 4 6 20 9 9,060 4,280 1,470 17,730 5,150 4,980 23,220 .45 .21 .07 .88 .26 .25 1.15 4 9 13 6 3 4 9 28 18 4 51 31 18 39 16,140 n.a. Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................. ................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks.................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks........................................................................................ Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................ Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks................................. ....................................................... .80 n.a. 680 .03 11 2 6,170 860 6,560 1,870 2,730 .31 .04 .33 .09 .14 11 9 4 10 4 17 3 19 3 21 71,510 3.55 n.a. n.a. 26,010 1.29 10 31 2,640 .13 25 4 21,790 1.08 4 43 17,870 .89 3 54 See footnotes at end of table. 102 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers......................................................................................... Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers........................ ................................................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service workers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations.................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ...................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers......................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists.................................................................................. Data processing equipment repairers........ .............................. Electronic home entertainment equipment repairers..................................................................................... Electric motor, transformer, and related repairers.................................................................................... Electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment................................................................ Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Electromedical and biomedical equipment repairers.................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,200 0.16 8 6 10,720 .53 43 7 29,510 1.46 n.a. n.a. 2,260 6,530 .11 .32 13 8 8 9 860 .04 15 1 18,320 .91 n.a. n.a. 17,710 .88 5 41 610 1,540 .03 .08 11 33 3 1 430 430 .02 .02 n.a. 11 n.a. 2 1,183,920 58.69 n.a. n.a. 68,290 3.39 n.a. n.a. 4,320 .21 8 15 590 .03 12 2 59,310 2.94 4 70 1,490 .07 5 8 2,580 48,220 .13 2.39 8 6 8 35 56,600 54,220 14,570 3,010 1,940 17,450 2.81 2.69 .72 .15 .10 .87 4 n.a. 5 9 10 4 37 n.a. 14 4 5 36 470 1,710 .02 .08 8 35 2 1 1,390 .07 36 1 1,040 .05 13 2 5,230 .26 18 4 1,000 2,920 .05 .14 12 12 3 4 240 3,250 .01 .16 24 n.a. 0 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 103 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Construction trades workers, except material moving......................................................................................... Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................. * ................................................ All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Precision layout workers, m etal................................................ Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision foundry mold and core m akers............................... All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders............................................................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ........................................... Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic....................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 14,860 1,490 8,780 0.74 .07 .44 n.a. 7 6 n.a. 5 15 1,200 .06 7 4 2,510 880 52,270 17,230 21,550 .12 .04 2.59 .85 1.07 11 17 n.a. 5 8 4 1 n.a. 24 30 2,140 1,020 8,510 1,820 590 2,390 480 1,910 .11 .05 .42 .09 .03 .12 .02 .09 15 9 6 16 17 n.a. 17 22 6 3 13 2 1 n.a. 1 2 130,990 6.49 n.a. n.a. 7,950 .39 6 11 5,680 .28 7 9 2,510 .12 14 4 3,350 .17 8 5 15,760 .78 8 10 8,690 .43 11 13 3,930 .19 7 6 1,470 .07 7 5 1,220 .06 17 1 11,840 .59 7 8 5,670 .28 10 8 5,260 .26 10 6 4,540 .23 12 5 3,360 4,610 .17 .23 6 13 8 5 1,870 .09 14 5 3,090 .15 16 5 4,960 .25 13 5 9,860 .49 8 5 1,750 .09 10 2 1,670 .08 11 2 5,070 .25 16 6 See footnotes at end of table. 104 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................. Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Furnace operators and tenders................................................ Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Printing press machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electronic semiconductor processors...................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers.................................................................................. Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision ...................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision ...................................................................................... Watch, clock, and chronometer assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators, precision ........................................ All other precision assemblers, m etal........................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Machine assemblers.................................................................. Electrical and electronic assemblers....................................... Coil winders, tapers, and finishers........................................... Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, h a n d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 5,320 0.26 13 6 940 .05 20 1 1,010 .05 15 1 400 .02 17 1 1,270 1,110 480 .06 .06 .02 14 14 15 2 2 1 6,350 .31 n.a. n.a. 5,190 .26 15 3 90,630 4.49 n.a. n.a. 1,060 .05 24 3 490 .02 28 1 2,460 .12 14 4 770 .04 27 1 730 .04 15 2 820 24,390 .04 1.21 25 15 2 4 4,900 .24 9 12 6,460 .32 6 11 1,050 .05 8 3 2,760 .14 11 4 7,730 .38 10 7 11,100 .55 21 3 20,720 132,190 1.03 6.55 10 n.a. 5 n.a. 4,060 .20 11 4 23,790 1.18 9 8 98,810 4.90 5 28 880 4,650 437,000 13,840 174,440 31,300 6,130 8,980 2,950 .04 .23 21.66 .69 8.65 1.55 .30 .45 .15 25 23 n.a. 9 3 6 8 9 10 1 1 n.a. 4 31 16 7 6 4 184,210 15,150 9.13 .75 4 12 33 6 See footnotes at end of table. 105 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Employment' Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor traile r......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Crane and tower operators....................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers.......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other" categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,660 1,040 620 6,050 0.08 .05 .03 .30 n.a. 12 17 n.a. n.a. 2 2 n.a. 3,240 .16 10 9 2,810 .14 7 15 510 18,690 350 970 13,000 2,830 .03 .93 .02 .05 .64 .14 n.a. n.a. 21 12 5 19 n.a. n.a. 1 2 15 2 1,540 1,670 .08 .08 15 8 2 4 920 10,150 22,290 .05 .50 1.11 35 17 7 1 5 22 33,730 1.67 8 11 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. Transportation Equipment Establishments which manufacture transportation equipment employed 1.7 million workers, or 10 percent o f manufacturing and 16 percent o f durable goods employment in 1983. Employers of these workers in cluded establishments manufacturing motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment, with 43 percent o f in dustry employment; those manufacturing aircraft and parts, 33 percent; and those engaged in ship and boat building and repairing, 11 percent. Overall, total employment in the transportation equipment industry declined by 87,400, or 5 percent, between 1980 and 1983. Subsectors within the industry, however, had widely different employment trends, as the following tabulation shows. 1972 SIC Code Motor vehicles and equipm ent............ Aircraft and parts .. Ship and boat building ................ Railroad equipment Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts. Guided missile and space vehicles........ Miscellaneous transportation equipm ent............ Employment 1980 1983 establishments that produced railroad equipment declined by 59 percent and aircraft parts, by 12 percent. The increase in military spending strongly affected the guided missile and space vehicle industry. Employment in this industry expanded by almost 29,000, an increase o f 26 percent over 1980. As shown in table 21, the transportation equipment industry employed nearly 1.1 million production and related workers, who accounted for 61 percent o f total industry employment. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers ranked second with 20 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Clerical workers, 10 percent; managerial and ad ministrative workers, 5 percent; service workers, 2 per cent; and sales workers, less than 1 percent o f total in dustry employment. Employment since 1977 by occupa tional group is given in text table 15. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing transportation equipment are listed below: Percent change 371 372 731,680 653,090 753,650 575,700 3.0 -11.8 373 374 213,880 72,290 186,900 29,800 -12.6 -58.7 375 19,900 15,300 -23.1 376 109,860 138,800 26.0 379 34,330 47,600 38.7 Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision................................ Welders and cutters........................ First-line supervisors, production.................................... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers........................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic . . . Employment among motor vehicle and equipment producers increased by 3 percent, while employment in Employment Percent o f industry employment 173,050 45,760 9.9 2.6 45,500 2.6 44,450 2.5 38,500 2.2 Text table 15. Transportation equipment: Employment by major occupational group, selected years, 1977-83 1977 1980 1983 Percent change 1977-83 T o ta l.............................................................. 1,889,390 1,835,070 1,747,670 - 7.5 Managerial and administrative workers............. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................................. Sales workers....................................................... Clerical w orkers................................................... Production and related w orkers.......................... Service w o rkers................................................... 86,900 106,320 94,310 8.5 250,920 11,040 165,870 1,330,380 44,280 312,510 9,470 178,180 1,188,110 40,480 352,670 11,190 179,220 1,072,720 36,860 40.6 1.4 8.0 -19.4 -16.8 Major occupational group 107 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983 (SIC 37) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 5.40 .37 n.a. 9 n.a. 24 3,820 2,810 .22 .16 10 10 22 18 5,270 4,360 13,920 18,520 39,230 .30 .25 .80 1.06 2.24 11 9 7 5 8 15 11 24 81 19 352,660 75,810 20.18 4.34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 19,010 12,460 2,150 4,400 1.09 .71 .12 .25 n.a. 11 13 19 n.a. 20 6 5 14,270 .82 8 45 6,360 7,040 29,130 156,960 .36 .40 1.67 8.98 8 9 10 n.a. 13 13 9 n.a. 29,120 1.67 2 4 3,210 1,250 2,830 21,060 19,300 1,900 24,440 2,030 51,820 320 .18 .07 .16 1.21 1.10 .11 1.40 .12 2.97 .02 19 19 23 14 10 15 11 44 8 15 5 2 3 7 17 7 27 2 8 1 62,820 3.59 n.a. n.a. 1,990 .11 37 1 10,680 .61 16 6 3,700 .21 22 6 8,440 17,750 .48 1.02 13 9 7 26 20,260 2,060 680 1,380 1.16 .12 .04 .08 13 n.a. 14 18 9 n.a. 2 1 2,040 .12 n.a. n.a. 1,300 .07 24 2 740 .04 24 1 20,880 1.19 n.a. n.a. Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l.................................................................................... 1,747,590 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers.......... ......................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers................................................... .................. Administrative services m anagers.............................................. Industrial production managers........................................ ........... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 94,320 6,390 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................. . Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers....................................................................................... Aeronautical and astronautical engineers ................................................ ................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers....................................... .................. Chemical engineers.................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic................................................ Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Safety engineers, except mining.............................................. Mechanical engineers................................................................ Marine engineers........................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Marine architects........................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists...................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h e alth .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists............................................... Computer scientists and related workers .................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 108 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Systems analysts, electronic data processing ........................................................................ Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control........................................................................................ Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ Statisticians.................................................................................... All other mathematical scientists................................................ Mathematical technicians............................................................. Lawyers ........................................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical writers........................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries...................................................................................... Stenographers................................................................................ Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists............................................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Statistical clerks ............................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators.................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance................................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 9,870 7,680 1,780 0.56 .44 .10 16 12 18 10 14 6 1,550 5,580 .09 .32 12 n.a. 5 n.a. 1,540 2,540 660 840 480 .09 .15 .04 .05 .03 22 15 29 37 11 3 3 (3) 1 3 1,930 960 5,020 .11 .05 .29 7 14 14 10 2 5 480 5,040 .03 .29 16 26 2 4 12,280 .70 n.a. n.a. 11,180 1,740 .64 .10 n.a. 11 n.a. 3 2,860 .16 6 14 4,750 1,830 .27 .10 5 13 22 5 179,220 10.26 n.a. n.a. 6,280 26,630 3,110 820 4,340 2,540 .36 1.52 .18 .05 .25 .15 5 7 13 7 10 15 15 60 4 10 10 5 2,230 1,230 .13 .07 11 13 12 4 2,130 2,060 4,490 9,660 3,220 2,360 19,700 .12 .12 .26 .55 .18 .14 1.13 9 8 14 4 6 8 9 8 11 4 53 19 12 41 11,540 .66 n.a. n.a. 400 .02 11 2 3,540 1,300 4,620 1,680 1,340 .20 .07 .26 .10 .08 9 27 7 14 5 12 3 13 3 15 64,250 3.68 n.a. n.a. 1,740 .10 21 4 25,990 1.49 8 31 See footnotes at end of table. 109 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers........................................................................................ Service occupations........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Transportation inspectors............................................................ Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Millwrights.................................................................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Automotive mechanics .............................................................. Automotive body and related repairers................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists................................................................................. Rail car repairers........................................................................ Aircraft mechanics...................................................................... Aircraft engine specialists......................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,560 0.20 16 3 18,830 1.08 6 22 11,150 .64 5 41 2,980 .17 12 4 11,290 .65 17 6 36,880 2.11 n.a. n.a. 2,500 11,880 .14 .68 8 7 7 12 760 .04 22 1 20,280 1.16 n.a. n.a. 19,840 1.14 5 39 440 1,460 .03 .08 15 16 2 3 600 600 .03 .03 n.a. 14 n.a. 3 1,072,730 61.38 n.a. n.a. 65,380 3.74 n.a. n.a. 7,340 .42 7 14 4,260 .24 19 3 45,500 2.60 4 63 3,570 .20 7 10 4,710 29,500 .27 1.69 11 6 9 23 44,450 960 106,090 16,150 11,780 4,730 9,040 4,200 1,720 2.54 .05 6.07 .92 .67 .27 .52 .24 .10 3 26 n.a. 7 8 8 5 12 18 24 1 n.a. 12 7 12 31 10 2 3,140 1,050 11,280 1,280 .18 .06 .65 .07 13 19 15 24 4 1 3 2 See footnotes at end of table. no Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment................................................................ Electrical installers and repairers, transportation equipment........................................................ Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers........................................................ Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Riggers......................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving......................................................................................... Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... Insulation w orkers...................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Precision layout workers, m etal................................................ Shipfitters..................................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................... All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Pattern and model makers, w o od............................................ All other precision woodworkers.............................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Welding machine setters and set-up operators........................................................................ Welding machine operators and tenders................................ Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,610 0.21 12 4 5,300 .30 14 6 1,610 2,060 3,820 25,320 .09 .12 .22 1.45 8 12 10 10 4 3 5 8 57,560 9,250 22,740 3.29 .53 1.30 n.a. 5 6 n.a. 19 21 5,790 .33 7 9 16,210 1,650 1,920 103,460 24,880 31,210 .93 .09 .11 5.92 1.42 1.79 6 30 17 n.a. 7 6 12 1 3 n.a. 16 32 4,980 2,360 9,890 21,840 2,180 6,120 4,380 3,570 810 4,010 .28 .14 .57 1.25 .12 .35 .25 .20 .05 .23 7 11 10 7 17 15 n.a. 20 18 20 9 5 6 17 1 3 n.a. 4 1 2 188,730 10.80 n.a. n.a. 2,480 .14 15 8 15,850 .91 9 14 10,980 .63 10 12 9,250 .53 9 9 13,040 .75 11 15 38,500 2.20 3 13 3,840 .22 8 8 5,090 .29 9 7 6,820 .39 16 3 17,540 1.00 8 11 9,370 .54 9 6 8,990 .51 11 8 3,990 .23 11 5 7,050 16,080 .40 .92 7 9 14 10 870 .05 13 3 590 .03 16 1 See footnotes at end of table. Ill Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Plastic molding and casting machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders................................. Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing ....................................................... Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing.......................................................................... Painters, transportation equipment.......................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders............................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers, precision................................................. Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers.................................................................................. Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision...................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision...................................................................................... All other precision assemblers, m etal........................................ Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Machine assemblers................................................................. Flectrical and electronic assemblers...................................... Welders and cutters.................................................................. Solderers and brazers.............................................................. Grinding and polishing workers, h a n d .................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, All other hand workers, ne c..................................................... Plant and system workers .......................................................... Stationary engineers................................................................. All other plant and system operators..................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,420 0.08 15 2 2,650 .15 16 1 990 .06 23 1 520 .03 15 1 730 .04 16 2 1,440 .08 11 2 430 .02 21 1 230 .01 20 1 1,110 .06 13 3 2,680 .15 9 5 6,200 .35 14 3 6,780 .39 11 4 60,700 750 3.47 .04 n.a. 13 n.a. 2 500 .03 20 2 970 9,370 .06 .54 13 10 3 8 3,210 .18 7 14 3,960 .23 8 13 990 .06 9 4 3,010 .17 12 3 31,160 47,710 1.78 2.73 2 n.a. n.a. 20,210 1.16 13 3 7,570 .43 15 4 3,150 .18 13 2 9,600 7,180 266,280 8,730 9,470 45,760 1,900 13,210 .55 13 19 n.a. 6 13 15 9 3 2 n.a. 4 4 33 3 8 1 41 173,050 14,160 3,070 1,130 1,940 See footnotes at end of table. 112 .41 15.24 .50 .54 2.62 .11 .76 5 7 9.90 .81 .18 .06 7 7 n.a. 10 .11 15 n.a. 3 4 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1983—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Employment1 Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer.......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Crane and tower operators....................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand................................ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 10,440 0.60 n.a. n.a. 5,020 .29 6 20 2,040 3,380 .12 .19 6 11 11 3 2,180 29,260 500 3,560 20,930 3,230 .12 1.67 .03 .20 1.20 .18 33 n.a. 18 8 6 15 3 n.a. 2 8 22 1 1,040 2,090 .06 .12 11 13 2 5 1,270 7,670 10,400 .07 .44 .60 11 19 5 2 4 21 27,140 1.55 7 14 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 113 Instruments and Related Products In 1983, establishments manufacturing instruments, ophthalmic goods, photographic equipment and sup plies, and watches and clocks employed 688,150 workers, accounting for 4 percent o f manufacturing and 6 percent o f durable goods employment. Workers in establishments producing measuring and controlling in struments constituted 34 percent o f industry employ ment; establishments manufacturing surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies accounted for 24 percent; and those manufacturing photographic equip ment and supplies, 19 percent. The industry’s 351,250 production and related workers accounted for 51 percent o f total industry employment (table 22). Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers ranked second with 19 percent. Clerical workers accounted for 16 percent; managerial and administative workers, 8 percent; sales and service workers, 4 and 2 percent, respectively. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry: Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision................................ Electrical and electronic assemblers.................................... Electrical and electronic engineers. Secretaries...................................... First-line supervisors, production . 114 Employment Percent o f industry employment 59,620 8.7 24,820 24,800 23,840 22,510 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 (SIC 38) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l..................................................................................... 688,120 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers.............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 56,990 4,050 8.28 .59 n.a. 11 n.a. 23 2,320 1,690 .34 .25 6 6 21 19 5,690 2,000 6,050 19,900 15,290 .83 .29 .88 2.89 2.22 8 8 7 3 11 21 11 22 84 20 132,560 21,600 19.26 3.14 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6,270 4,040 1,140 1,090 .91 .59 .17 .16 n.a. 5 20 10 n.a. 20 6 6 6,110 .89 3 45 2,210 1,060 5,950 46,700 .32 .15 .86 6.79 11 8 19 n.a. 12 7 9 n.a. 320 1,320 24,800 5,480 7,420 7,360 .05 .19 3.60 .80 1.08 1.07 12 15 8 16 6 n.a. 2 4 35 15 19 n.a. 38,650 5.62 n.a. n.a. 18,930 2.75 4 32 1,170 .17 11 5 5,420 8,530 .79 1.24 26 5 8 37 4,600 3,000 280 1,790 930 770 .67 .44 .04 .26 .14 .11 11 n.a. 17 14 41 20 7 n.a. 2 5 1 2 3,510 .51 n.a. n.a. 2,730 .40 14 5 780 .11 19 2 8,160 1.19 n.a. n.a. 3,010 3,910 910 .44 .57 .13 10 16 8 12 15 7 330 390 .05 .06 9 n.a. 3 n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers......................................................... Chemical engineers.................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers.......................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety.......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists................................................ Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physicists and astronomers...................................................... Chemists, except biochemists.................................................. All other physical scientists ...................................................... Life scientists................................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health .................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. Computer programmer aid es.................................................... Programmers - numerical, tool, and process control....................................................................................... Mathematical scientists and related workers............................ See footnotes at end of table. 115 Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer........................................................ Opticians, dispensing and measuring......................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians............................................. Writers and editors........................................................................ Technical writers........................................................................... Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers .................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... Sales engineers............................................................................. Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers............................................................... ................ Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................ All other clerical and administrative support w orkers....................................................................................... Service occupations....................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 390 1,490 0.06 .22 19 13 2 3 1,200 640 1,390 1,850 .17 .09 .20 .27 15 20 10 13 6 4 8 6 3,210 .47 n.a. n.a. 25,680 3.73 n.a. n.a. 3,300 3,040 .48 .44 8 9 10 7 12,730 1.85 6 28 4,970 1,640 .72 .24 8 10 16 5 109,590 15.93 n.a. n.a. 3,930 23,840 720 960 3,500 1,600 .57 3.46 .10 .14 .51 .23 6 5 16 6 9 6 15 70 2 11 16 12 1,220 1,690 .18 .25 5 14 13 8 5,160 1,520 9,920 1,370 2,100 10,040 .75 .22 1.44 .20 .31 1.46 6 7 3 3 4 6 16 13 57 16 14 40 5,940 .86 n.a. n.a. 350 .05 21 2 2,210 330 2,680 370 2,080 .32 .05 .39 .05 .30 7 10 5 16 3 13 2 13 2 26 29,030 4.22 n.a. n.a. 8,310 1.21 6 21 520 .08 15 2 10,550 1.53 7 37 8,860 1.29 3 48 790 .11 11 4 4,970 .72 44 5 11,840 1.72 n.a. n.a. 1,200 .17 10 6 See footnotes at end of table. 116 Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................... All other service w orkers............................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm ........................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers...................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers............................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related........................................................ Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Precision instrument repairers.................................................. Camera and photographic equipment repairers..................... Watchmakers.............................................................................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters.................................................................................... Electricians................................................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Precision instrument makers..................................................... Machinists .................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders.................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters ............................................................................. Precision optical goods workers .............................................. Medical appliance makers ........................................................ All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,690 0.25 13 4 420 .06 29 1 7,590 1.10 n.a. n.a. 6,710 .98 4 33 880 940 .13 .14 25 29 2 2 240 240 .03 .03 n.a. 15 n.a. 2 351,220 51.04 n.a. n.a. 25,550 3.71 n.a. n.a. 1,180 .17 7 7 200 .03 15 1 22,510 3.27 4 64 1,660 12,450 .24 1.81 10 5 6 30 15,820 16,320 4,030 790 5,640 4,340 300 160 1,060 2.30 2.37 .59 .11 .82 .63 .04 .02 .15 9 n.a. 12 23 14 15 42 30 n.a. 23 n.a. 11 2 23 10 3,820 530 1,710 .56 .08 .25 n.a. 11 18 n.a. 4 7 430 .06 15 3 680 470 24,940 3,920 4,160 12,130 .10 .07 3.62 .57 .60 1.76 19 25 n.a. 7 10 4 2 1 n.a. 12 7 34 1,550 2,650 530 390 14,820 .23 .39 .08 .06 2.15 11 11 17 46 n.a. 7 8 1 1 n.a. 120 10,600 2,190 1,910 .02 1.54 .32 .28 23 1 6 13 23 24 4 3 See footnotes at end of table. 117 ft ft n.a. Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Press and press brake machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic.................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic.......................................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment................................ Electronic semiconductor processors...................................... Chemical equipment controllers and operators.................................................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ........................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 30,840 4.48 n.a. n.a. 190 .03 14 2 3,740 .54 7 11 2,200 .32 8 8 1,150 .17 12 5 1,450 .21 17 3 3,930 .57 12 7 1,930 .28 11 7 540 .08 13 2 760 .11 27 2 4,870 .71 11 7 2,130 .31 8 7 1,670 .24 9 6 1,980 .29 11 4 210 .03 19 1 330 .05 19 1 570 .08 18 1 350 .05 19 1 400 .06 17 2 390 .06 13 2 130 .02 36 290 .04 26 1 160 .02 46 1 140 .02 21 1 1,330 .19 21 2 3,330 .48 17 2 40,530 3,400 1,050 5.89 .49 .15 n.a. 12 41 n.a. 5 1 2,550 .37 36 1 1,150 .17 19 3 2,130 .31 19 3 See footnotes at end of table. 118 (3) Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers.................................................................................. Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision....................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision...................................................................................... Watch, clock, and chronometer assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators, precision........................................ All other precision assemblers, m etal........................................ Other hand workers, nec ............................................................. Machine assemblers.................................................................. Electrical and electronic assemblers....................................... Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Grinding and polishing workers, han d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, ne c...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Stationary engineers.................................................................. All other plant and system operators...................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand................................ Hand packers and packagers ..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 380 0.06 12 2 2,440 .35 13 5 5,450 .79 12 6 2,140 .31 22 2 18,510 35,030 2.40 5.09 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,460 .21 29 2 9,530 1.38 21 4 18,850 2.74 8 18 3,170 2,020 104,110 3,990 24,820 2,640 2,530 .46 .29 15.13 .58 3.61 .38 .37 30 22 n.a. 17 7 9 9 2 1 n.a. 3 18 11 7 1,280 3,390 .19 .49 11 9 8 8 59,620 5,840 790 470 320 970 8.66 .85 .11 .07 .05 .14 5 18 n.a. 31 n.a. n.a. 31 3 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 200 .03 17 2 770 .11 7 8 140 2,480 1,820 140 .02 .36 .26 .02 n.a. n.a. 11 31 n.a. n.a. 4 0 520 430 .08 .06 30 18 1 2 180 2,080 6,060 7,440 .02 .30 .88 1.08 29 17 6 17 <*) 3 15 8 6,050 .88 11 5 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 119 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Establishments which manufacture products other than those previously discussed employed 369,830 workers in 1983, or 2 percent o f manufacturing and 3 percent o f durable goods employment. O f these workers, 33 percent worked in establishments manufac turing brooms and brushes, signs and advertising displays, burial caskets, and other miscellaneous pro ducts; 29 percent worked in establishments manufactur ing toys and amusement, sporting, and athletic goods; and 14 percent worked in establishments producing jewelry, silverware, and plated ware. As shown in table 23, the largest occupational group in miscellaneous manufacturing industries, consisting of 255,110 production and related workers, accounted for 69 percent o f total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 14 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, 7 percent; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 5 percent; sales workers, 4 percent; and service workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in miscellaneous manufacturing industries are listed in the tabulation below: Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision................................ Hand packers and packagers........ General managers and top executives...................................... First-line supervisors, production . Secretaries...................................... 120 Employment Percent o f industry employment 40,750 18,020 11.0 4.9 17,260 14,470 9,380 4.7 3.9 2.5 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983 (SIC 39) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 _ Percent of establishments reporting the occupation _ T o ta l.................................................................................... 369,770 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................. Financial managers....................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers..................................................................... Purchasing managers................................................................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers..................................................................... Administrative services managers .............................................. Industrial production managers................................................... General managers and top executives...................................... All other managers and administrators...................................... 24,970 1,210 6.75 .33 n.a. 4 n.a. 8 580 520 .16 .14 4 3 6 6 1,550 390 1,730 17,260 1,730 .42 .11 .47 4.67 .47 6 7 6 2 5 7 3 9 81 6 18,820 6,960 5.09 1.88 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,260 2,670 210 380 .88 .72 .06 .10 n.a. 5 10 13 n.a. 17 2 2 2,210 .60 3 20 340 430 720 2,220 750 950 520 .09 .12 .19 .60 .20 .26 .14 10 6 11 n.a. 5 8 12 3 3 2 n.a. 5 5 2 2,620 .71 n.a. n.a. 240 .06 7 2 240 1,560 .06 .42 12 4 1 10 .16 .05 12 n.a. 2 n.a. 370 .10 n.a. n.a. 250 .07 10 1 120 .03 27 1,610 .44 n.a. n.a. 620 710 .17 .19 10 5 3 5 280 .08 n.a. n.a. 130 4,070 .04 1.10 9 4 1 20 640 .17 n.a. n.a. 13,660 3.69 n.a. n.a. 990 .27 7 4 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................................................................ Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists.................................................................. Accountants and auditors....................................................... Budget analysts ....................................................................... All other financial specialists.................................................. Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products...................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists................................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................... All other management support workers.................................. Engineers ....................................................................................... Industrial engineers, except sa fety .......................................... Mechanical engineers................................................................ All other engineers..................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists...................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists.................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists .................................................................... Drafters........................................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................ Physical scientists......................................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists...................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except h ealth.................................................. All other physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................ Computer scientists and related workers ..................................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing ....................................................................... Computer programmers............................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides .................................. Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers............................................................................ Designers, except interior designers.......................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................. Sales and related occupations ...................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................... 580 200 See footnotes at end of table. 121 • (3) Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail........................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................... All other sales and related workers ........................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ........................... Secretaries..................................................................................... Stenographers ............................................................................... Receptionists and information clerks......................................... Typists ............................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment.......................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................................. File clerks....................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................................... Procurement clerks....................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks................................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks......................................................... General office clerks .................................................................... Electronic data processing and other office machine operators......................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators................................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing..................................... All other office machine operators .......................................... Switchboard operators ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks......................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping .......................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................................. Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ................................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers ........................................................................................ Service occupations ........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service .................................................. Guards and watch guards............................................................ Food and beverage preparation and service Cleaning and building service workers, except private households..................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ..................................... All other service workers ............................................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,110 0.84 5 13 7,880 1,680 2.13 .45 3 10 26 4 51,800 14.01 n.a. n.a. 1,440 9,380 170 520 1,780 570 .39 2.54 .05 .14 .48 .15 5 2 11 7 4 7 7 53 1 5 11 4 450 540 .12 .15 4 6 4 4 4,110 480 7,100 920 1,020 6,570 1.11 .13 1.92 .25 .28 1.78 3 5 2 5 4 3 18 5 46 7 6 34 2,310 .62 n.a. n.a. 330 .09 11 1 670 1,180 130 520 .18 .32 .04 .14 5 5 17 3 5 6 1 6 13,290 3.59 n.a. n.a. 1,760 .48 4 7 340 .09 9 2 1,880 .51 7 7 8,930 2.42 2 41 380 .10 14 1 630 .17 10 2 5,370 1.45 n.a. n.a. 340 610 .09 .16 16 7 2 3 70 .02 16 3,630 .98 n.a. n.a. 3,460 .94 2 25 170 720 .05 .19 10 37 80 80 .02 .02 n.a. 14 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................................ Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 122 (3) 1 0 n.a. 1 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ............. ....................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders................................ Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers .............................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics......................................... Machinery maintenance workers.............................................. Maintenance repairers, general utility...................................... Musical instrument repairers and tuners................................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers........................ Construction trades workers, except material moving........................................................................................ Carpenters................................................................................... Electricians.................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance............................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... All other construction trades workers...................................... Precision metal workers............................................................... Tool-and-die m akers.................................................................. Machinists ................................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders .................................................................... Jewelers and silversmiths......................................................... Precision hand workers, jewelry and related products.................................................................................... Precision etchers and engravers, hand or machine .................................................................................... Sheet- metal workers................................................................. All other precision metal workers ............................................ Precision woodworkers................................................................. Pattern and model makers, w ood............................................ Wood machinists........................................................................ Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................................... All other precision woodworkers.............................................. Precision printing workers............................................................ Precision compositors, typesetters, and arrangers................................................................................... All other precision printing workers ......................................... Precision workers, n e c ................................................................. Precision molders, shapers, casters, and carvers, except jewelry and foundry..................................... Precision patternmakers, model makers, layout workers, and cutters.............................................................. Precision detail design decorators, and painters ............................................................................. Gem and diamond workers....................................................... All other precision workers, n e c ............................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 255,070 68.98 n.a. n.a. 15,500 4.19 n.a. n.a. 400 .11 8 3 14,470 3.91 2 55 240 .06 9 2 390 2,150 .11 .58 9 5 2 8 5,150 8,300 1,600 410 4,760 260 1,270 1.39 2.24 .43 .11 1.29 .07 .34 4 n.a. 8 16 3 15 9 11 n.a. 4 2 24 1 4 4,860 1,750 2,440 1.31 .47 .66 n.a. 9 6 n.a. 5 10 260 .07 15 1 160 250 25,750 2,490 1,800 .04 .07 6.96 .67 .49 13 24 n.a. 5 7 1 1 n.a. 7 5 1,430 5,440 .39 1.47 8 5 4 11 7,370 1.99 5 12 1,890 4,940 390 4,960 240 460 3,820 440 440 .51 1.34 .11 1.34 .06 .12 1.03 .12 .12 6 5 15 n.a. 17 20 6 n.a. n.a. 7 13 1 n.a. 1 1 7 n.a. n.a. 320 120 4,660 .09 .03 1.26 14 22 n.a. 2 0 n.a. 430 .12 16 1 310 .08 14 1 2,300 610 1,010 .62 .16 .27 7 13 13 9 2 2 Employment’ See footnotes at end of table. 123 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ...................................... Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic...................................... Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Rolling machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic..................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and set-up operators.................................. Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic........................................................................................ Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic ..................................................................... Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................................ Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic..................................................................... Heaters, metal and plastic........................................................ All other machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic .................................................. All other machine operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic......................................................... Sawing machine setters and set-up operators.................................................................................. Sawing machine operators and tenders................................ Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing ...................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 33,130 8.96 n.a. n.a. 260 .07 16 1 480 .13 17 1 580 .16 14 1 150 .04 16 1 3,810 1.03 5 10 5,160 1.40 6 12 4,480 1.21 5 11 250 .07 20 1 2,850 .77 10 2 100 .03 20 1 490 .13 20 1 460 .12 17 1 150 .04 18 1 330 .09 19 1 2,310 .62 8 7 6,490 1.76 9 7 400 .11 22 1 640 .17 9 2 550 .15 9 2 530 .14 10 2 100 .03 25 500 .14 15 120 .03 24 (3) 110 90 .03 .02 14 22 1 (3) 1,740 .47 12 1 1,670 .45 15 2 39,620 10.71 n.a. n.a. 140 430 .04 .12 21 15 (3) 1 560 .15 15 1 See footnotes at end of table. 124 0 1 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing.......................................................................... Printing press machine setters and set-up operators................................................................................... Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... All other printing related setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders....................................................................................... All other printing, binding, and related machine operators and tenders ............................................ Sewing machine operators, garment....................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment ................................ Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators............................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders...................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators.................................................. Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ............................................................ Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ............................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders ............................................ Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters and set-up operators ...................................................................... Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators and tenders ............................................ Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.............................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic...................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ........................................................ Precision assemblers, m etal........................................................ Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision ...................................................................................... Other hand workers, n e c ............................................................. Electrical and electronic assemblers....................................... Welders and cutters................................................................... Solderers and brazers............................................................... Sewers, h a n d .............................................................................. Cutters and trimmers, hand ...................................................... Molders and casters, hand ....................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand .......................................................................... Engraving and printing workers, hand..................................... Grinding and polishing workers, han d ..................................... Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic, and precision....................................... All other hand workers, n e c ...................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................... Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer ......................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers........................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ..................................................................................... Material moving equipment operators........................................ Hoist and winch operators........................................................ Industrial truck and tractor operators...................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,070 0.29 14 1 340 .09 13 1 550 .15 17 1 3,120 .84 6 9 230 .06 19 1 680 .18 15 1 440 1,370 9,200 .12 .37 2.49 14 23 7 1 1 10 350 .09 18 1 1,000 .27 14 1 880 .24 11 2 1,360 .37 8 3 360 .10 12 1 540 .15 18 2 450 .12 20 1 1,290 .35 28 1 7,230 1.96 6 9 1,360 .37 17 2 5,000 1,110 1.35 .30 8 n.a. 4 n.a. 1,110 65,640 1,290 2,720 2,390 400 870 720 .30 17.75 .35 .74 .65 .11 .24 .19 19 n.a. 14 7 7 20 11 14 1 n.a. 1 9 5 1 2 1 6,030 580 5,580 1.63 .16 1.51 5 11 5 19 2 10 40,750 4,310 110 1,490 11.02 1.17 .03 .40 4 8 39 n.a. 21 6 (3) n.a. 700 .19 9 3 720 70 .19 .02 7 16 6 1 70 2,350 160 1,660 220 .02 .64 .04 .45 .06 25 n.a. 27 7 18 See footnotes at end of table. 125 ft n.a. ft 4 1 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1983—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Employment’ All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers ............................................ Construction trades and extractive worker helpers......................................................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, ha n d ................................ Hand packers and packagers..................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .............................................................................. All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 310 340 0.08 .09 20 13 1 2 220 6,500 5,720 18,020 .06 1.76 1.55 4.87 26 6 4 4 (3) 9 17 24 8,930 2.42 8 7 50 .01 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimaced employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 126 Appendix A. Survey Methods and Reliability of Estimates Scope of survey data with data from sources using the Census classifica tion. (See appendix B.) The industrial classification system is that described in the 1972 edition o f the Standard Industrial Classifica tion Manual, 1 whereby reporting establishments are classified into industries on the basis o f major product or activity. The survey covered private m anufacturing establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (Sic) codes 20-39. The reference date o f the survey was the week that included April 12, May 12, or June 12, 1983, depending on the sic o f the sampled unit as shown below: SIC 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Concepts An establishment is an economic unit which produces Reference date goods or services. Generally, it is at a single physical location and is engaged predominantly in one type o f economic activity. Where a single physical location en compasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met. Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types o f leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences (i.e., illness, bad weather, temporary layoff, jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff o f incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom that unit is their permanent (home) duty station, regardless o f whether the unit prepares their paycheck. Excluded from coverage are proprietors (owners and partners o f unincorporated firms), self-employed, un paid family workers, and workers on extended leave (i.e., pensioners and members o f the Armed Forces). Occupation refers to the occupation in which employees are working rather than the occupation for which they may have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an engineer but working as a drafter is reported as a drafter. Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more of their time at work similar to that done by workers under their supervision) are reported in the oc cupation most closely related to their work. Part-time workers, learners, and apprentices are reported in the occupation in which they ordinarily work. Multiple jobholders (employees who perform the duties o f two or more occupations in an establishment) ....................................................... June12 ....................................................... June12 .......................................................April12 ...................................................... April12 ........................................................May12 ........................................................May12 .......................................................April12 ........................................................May12 ....................................................... June12 ........................................................May12 ....................................................... June12 ..................................................April 12 ........................................................May12 ..................................................April 12 ....................................................... June12 ....................................................... June12 ....................................................... June12 ....................................................... June12 ..................................................April 12 3 9 ..................................................................May 12 The survey covered all 50 States, the District o f Co lumbia, and Puerto Rico. (Puerto Rico data are not in cluded in the national estimates in this publication.) Occupational and industrial classification The OES classification system is based primarily on the Dictionary o f Occupational Titles ( d o t ) , Fourth edi tion, and is compatible with the 1980 Standard Occupa tional Classification (soc) system. The d o t was used to develop the definitions o f o e s occupations because it is the most comprehensive system for classifying occupa tions. In addition, each o e s occupation is directly related to a 1980 census occupation, except in those cases where a census occupation is not within the scope o f the o e s survey. “ Crosswalks” have been developed between the two systems so that users may integrate o e s 1Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Office of Manage ment and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1972), as amend ed in Supplement, 1977. 127 are reported in the occupation that requires the highest level o f skill or in the occupation where the most time is spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements. target relative errors o f 10, 15, and 20 percent at one standard deviation were developed for the noncertainty size classes. This was done for groups o f SIC’s based on averages o f occupational rates and coefficients o f varia tion (c v ’s) from the previous survey o f those s ic ’s for a set o f typical occupations. This sic sample size was allocated to the size classes proportionally to size class employment. The sample was selected systematically with equal probability within each State/sic/area/size class cell. The States were given the option of three target relative errors in designing their samples. Some States varied the target relative error by sic. This was done to decrease the cost by reducing the sample size. The above allocations resulted in a total initial sample size of 158,023 UI reporting units. Survey procedures The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle; manufac turing industries are surveyed in one year and non manufacturing industries in the other two years. Data are collected from a sample o f establishments primarily by mail; telephone followups and personal visits are made when an establishment response is critical to the survey. The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by industry and size o f employment, designed to represent the total or “ universe” o f establishments covered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay period including the 12th o f the reference month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employ ment data. Response O f those selected, 149,213 were final eligible units (i.e., excluding establishments that were out o f business or out o f scope, etc.). Usable responses were obtained from 110,305 units, producing a response rate of 73.9 percent based on units and 68.0 percent based on weighted employment. Subsequent to the closeout date for national estimates, additional data were received by States and used in preparing State estimates. Response rates in most States were much higher than the response rate used to develop national estimates. Method of collection Survey schedules were mailed to most sample establishments; personal visits were made to some larger companies. Two additional mailings were sent to nonrespondents at approximately 6-week intervals. Nonrespondents considered critical to the survey (due to size) were followed up by telephone or personal visit. Sampling procedure The sampling frame for this survey was the list of units in the specified SIC ’s as reported to State Unemployment Insurance (ui) agencies. The reference date o f the sampling frame was the second quarter of 1983. Estimation A weight was determined for each sample unit from which a usable response was received. Each weight was composed o f two factors. The first factor was the in verse o f the probability of selection. The second was the nonresponse adjustment factor, used to correct for questionnaires that were not returned or not usable. For each o f the three-digit sic/State/size class sampling cells, a nonresponse factor was calculated that was equal to: The universe was stratified into Sic and size classes. The size classes were determined by employment as follows: Size class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Employees Weighted sample employment of all eligible units in sample 1-3 4-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-249 500-999 ......................... 1,000 and over Weighted sample employment of all responding eligible units Sample employment was taken from the sampling frame. If the factor in a cell was greater than a predeter mined maximum factor, which increased as the number o f respondents in a cell increased, the cell was collapsed with other homogeneous cells within the SIC until the factor for the combined cells was not greater than the appropriate maximum factor. If the collapsing pro cedure terminated (i.e., no more cells were available for collapse) before satisfying the above constraint, then the appropriate maximum factor was used. For size classes 1-6, homogeneous cells were determined to be other size cells within the sic and State. For size classes 7-9, ui reporting units with 1-3 employees were not sampled in all States, but units with 4-9 employees were given larger weights to represent the employment in the smaller size class, ui reporting units with 250 or more employees were included in the sample with certainty. Sample sizes intended to produce State estimates with 128 The variances for the occupational estimates were esti mated from the following formula: homogeneous cells were determined to be other State cells within the sic and size class. The weight for each establishment was the product o f the two factors. A combined ratio estimate o f occupational employ ment was used to develop the national estimates. The auxiliary variable used was total employment. The estimating formula is: Var(f>) T« By Dy 2 2 wijk Pjjk J_ k _________ f> 2 2 L jk Mi j k w ijk P * ®ijk Ms The population value o f total employment (Mj) was obtained from the b l s Current Employment Statistics program, a monthly employment survey o f nonagricultural establishments. The standard form for the sampling variance for a combined ratio estimate is: V(f>) A jj Where: V(f>) i j N* fy ny Spij S cij Ky _ ?? nr v 2 i j *y vy [Bjj] . [ D y ] . [ F y ] 2 (My-ey)/(My) (Gy)/(Hy) Gy r=s Hy ==s Ik Fy - V .2 viJ = Lijk = Mjj rss Ri = Wijk ®ijk 2- digit industry occupational employment estimate 3- digit industry within a 2-digit industry size class establishment weight after nonresponse adjustment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment occupational employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment total employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th estab lishment population total employment in i-th industry Where: f> = = = = ( H o n f 2 wijkV ( 2 wjk'] ' J - Ik ' ) (M.) / (jk W|ik e'Jl) 2 wijk • L2jk k (Pijk RiCijk) (Pij Ri®ij) Where: «y benchmark total employment in the i-th industry and j-th size class ^?2 Wyk PykJ y ^?2 WijkeijkJ Scjjk k ■ All other terms are as defined above. This formula is almost a computational form o f the standard formula given above. One simplifying assumption has been made: Wijk = Cjj for all k in a given ij cell That is, the weights are equal to a constant C within a given three-digit industry/size class cell. At this time, the total effect o f this assumption on the variance estimates has not been measured. s s N t P q - f i i ) . A,, Reliability of estimates 1J ny + R2Seij - 2R, Kij Spij Seij = variance of £> = 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry — size class = total number of units in the i-th industry and j-th size class = sampling fraction in the i-th industry and j-th size class = number of sample units in the i-th industry and j-th size class = standard deviation of p within the i-th industry and j-th size class = standard deviation of e within the i-th industry and j-th size class = correlation coefficient between p and e within the i-th industry and j-th size class. Estimates developed from the sample may differ from the results o f a complete survey o f all the establishments in the sampled lists. Two types o f errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Sampling error occurs because observa tions are made only on a sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation o f questions; inability of respondents to provide correct information; errors in recording, coding, or processing the data; errors in estimating values for missing data; and failure to repre sent all units in the population. The particular sample used in this survey is one o f a large number o f all possible samples o f the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples 129 rors above the derived estimate would include the average o f all possible samples. This inter val is called a 95-percent confidence interval. would differ from each other; the difference between a sample estimate and the average o f all possible sample estimates is called the sampling deviation. The standard or sampling error o f a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The relative standard error is defined as the standard error o f the estimate divided by the value being estimated; the variance is defined as the standard error squared. The sample estimate and an estimate of its standard error enable one to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result o f all possible samples that could be ob tained from the sample design for the survey. To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if each o f these were surveyed under essentially the same conditions and an estimate and its estimated sample er ror were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent o f the intervals from one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate would include the average value o f all possible samples. This in terval is called a 68-percent confidence interval. 2. Approximately 90 percent o f the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below to 1.6 stand ard errors above the derived estimate would include the average o f all p ossib le samples. This interval is called a 90-percent confidence interval. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below to two standard er 4. Almost all intervals from three standard errors below to three standard errors above the deriv ed estimate would include the average o f all possible samples. An inference that the complete coverage value would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in ap proximately the relative frequencies shown. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown as 5,000 with an associated relative error o f 2 percent. Then the standard error is 100 (2 percent o f 5,000) and there is a 68-percent chance that the average o f all possi ble sample totals would be between 4,900 and 5,100, and it is almost certain that the average o f all possible sample totals would be between 4,700 and 5,300. The relative errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude o f the sampling error, but do not measure biases in the data due to nonsampling error. Efforts were made to reduce the biases due to errors in recor ding, coding, and processing the data. The adjustment made for nonrespondents assum ed that the characteristics of the nonrespondents were the same as those o f the respondents at a given level. To the extent this is not true, bias is introduced in the data. The magnitude o f these biases is not known. Particular care should be exercised in the interpreta tion of small estimates, estimates based on a small number o f cases, or small differences between estimates because the sampling errors are relatively large and the magnitude o f the biases is unknown. 130 Appendix B. The OES Classification System major and minor group structure o f each division are given below: The new o e s system (with an entirely new 5-digit coding system) organizes all occupations into four levels: Division, major group, minor group, and detail. The following sections discuss the first three levels, and also explain the new coding structure. Managerial and administrative occupations. This divi sion is organized into three major groups. The first con tains specialized occupations by function, and the se cond contains specialized occupations by industry. Both o f these categories are generally at the middle manage ment level. When function and industry overlap, func tion takes precedence and is listed first. The third and final group includes the division residual as well as workers, usually in upper management, whose duties are more general in nature. Division level There are seven divisions in the new o e s system: 1. Managerial and administrative occupations 2. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations 3. Sales and related occupations 4. Clerical and administrative support occupations 5. Service occupations 6. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related ococcupations 7. Production, construction, operating, main tenance, and material handling occupations Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupa tions. This division is organized into 9 major groups and a residual category. These major groups were created by combining those professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations requiring common bodies of knowledge and expertise. Unlike the Standard Occupa tional Classification (soc) system, distinctions between technical and professional workers, if made, are found at the minor group level rather than at the major group or division level. The first major group is management support. This group was placed in the professional division rather than the managerial division, as in the soc, for it was felt that respondents consider individual management support occupations functionally closer to the profes sional specialties o f the division than to the upper and middle management occupations o f the first division. The management support group also includes a residual allowing the combination o f this major group with the management division, if soc compatibility is required. The remaining major groups primarily follow soc order: “ Hard” sciences, including engineering; the social sciences and related disciplines, such as law and teaching; health fields; and, writing, art, and related fields. The two exceptions to the soc order, the techni cian and computer groups, were moved so that these oc cupations would appear in closer proximity to the oc cupations they most commonly support. Some o f the more significant changes made at the division level are: • The exclusion o f first-line managers/supervisors from the managerial and administrative division. These workers are classified in separate and specific categories in the other divisions. For example, in the second divi sion, first-line managers/supervisors are classified with the workers they supervise. • The combination o f professional and technical workers into a single integrated division in order to lessen the growing ambiguity between the two categories. • T h e c r e a t io n o f a n e w a g r ic u ltu r e d iv is io n w h ic h a llo w s s u p p le m e n ta tio n o f d a ta f r o m n o n -O E S s u r v e y sou rces. • The significant organizational and occupational revision o f the production division. Major and minor group levels A significant amount of change has taken place at the major and minor group levels, particularly in restructur ing. Since it would be impossible to describe every change in this appendix, some o f the highlights o f the 131 manufacturing survey, for example, only the lumber and wood products industry (sic 24) and, to a lesser degree, food and kindred products (sic 20) had signifi cant employment in this category. Sales and related occupations. The so c arranges the sales division into four segments: Supervisory; sale o f most services; sale of retail pro ducts; and sales-related occupations. In both the new oes system and the so c , retail sales is not an industry designation but rather an occupational designation for sales activities which are directed towards individuals rather than organizations or businesses. Unlike the so c , the new oes system includes all ser vice sales occupations in the major groups as “ sales oc cupations, service.’’ In addition, a new major group was created by com bining the last three s o c categories because they involve the sale o f products rather than services. A few salesrelated occupations such as demonstrators have also been included in this new group. The new oes sales division is somewhat larger in scope than the previous oes category because o f the ad dition o f occupations such as sales engineers and cashiers. These additions to the sales group in the new oes structure do not, however, diminish the magnitude o f the increase in sales personnel in manufacturing in dustries between 1980 and 1983. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations. As in the previous oes system, this is the largest and most diverse o f all the oes divisions. The major groups are listed below: Supervisory Inspecting Repair Construction and extraction Precision production Machine setting and operating Assembling and handworking Plant and system operation Transportation and material handling Helpers and laborers To understand the organization of this division, it is important to be familiar with so c principles. The first basic principle o f organization is that occupations are grouped by function (e.g. inspecting, repairing, produc ing). An equally important principle is organization by skill requirements (e.g. precision, setup, operating, helping). A third organizing principle in many of these groups is the distinction made between machine and hand operations. In this case, hand operations include the use o f hand-held power tools. The hand and machine categories are not exhaustive, however, since both preci sion hand work and precision machine work are placed in the same category. For oes purposes, an exception to the so c placement was made, and precision assembling occupations were placed in the handworking category, allowing for proximity to the other assembling occupa tions. The soc and the new OES systems also distinguish be tween “ manual” occupations, such as material hand ling, and “ hand” occupations, such as grinding. Here, the distinction is made according to whether or not the worker is directly working on the manufacture o f a pro duct. Within the large production and precision and machine groups, distinctions are made on the basis of materials worked (e.g. metal/plastic, wood, textile, assorted/other). The assorted/other category includes working with combined materials as well as working with single materials, such as stone, which have not previously been specified. Clerical and administrative support occupations. This division is organized into six major groups and a residual category. As with the other divisions, the super visory category is first. The next major group includes industry-specific clerical occupations. This group is placed near the top o f the clerical division so that respondents can more easily locate these occupations. These two major groups are followed by the general secretarial and related group, an office machine group, a communications group, and a material recording group. Service occupations. The previous OES system included protective services, food service, and cleaning service occupations as summary occupational groups. The new system includes these as major groups and adds health and personal service occupations, while expanding the cleaning group to encompass building service organiza tions. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations. Because many o f the occupations related to this divi sion are found in industries outside the scope o f the oes survey, the previous oes system coding structure had no comparable category. At present, the division covers only those occupations needed for the oes survey as defined by its current nonagricultural scope. In the 1983 132 Appendix C. OES Survey Data Available from State Agencies State data on occupational employment in manufac turing are available as indicated below. These reports may be obtained from the State employment security agencies listed on the inside back cover of this publication. Table C-1. OES survey data available by State and year 1971 State Alabama Alaska Arizona California Colorado Connecticut ................. X 1974 1977 1980 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ................... X x X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ....................... K entu cky X X Massachusetts Michigan x M inn esota X Mississippi Missouri X X X X X Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas X X X X X X X X X X X X X X *U .8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19 6 6 4 9 1 51*3 State 1983 M o n ta n a............................................... Nevada ................................................. New Hampshire .................................. New Jersey........................................... New Mexico ......................................... New York............................................... North Carolina....................................... North Dakota......................................... Nebraska............................................... Ohio........................................................ O klahom a............................................. Oregon ................................................. Pennsylvania......................................... Puerto R ic o ........................................... Rhode Island......................................... South Carolina....................................... South Dakota......................................... Tennessee............................................. Texas...................................................... Utah ..................................................... Vermont................................................. Virginia ................................................. Washington........................................... West Virginia......................................... Wisconsin............................................. Wyoming............................................... 4 6 2 3 4 1971 1974 1977 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1980 1983 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ORDER FORM Need additional copies of this or other recent BLS publications? Mail order form to: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 or Bureau of Labor Statistics Publications Sales Center P.O. 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Number of copies Publication Occupational Employment in Manufacturing Industries _________ B u lle tin 2248, S to c k n u m ber 029-001-02862-8 Displaced Workers, 1979-83 _________ Bulletin 2240, Stock number 029-001-02855-5 Handbook of Labor Statistics _________ Bulletin 2217, Stock number 029-001-02846-6 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1983 _________ Bulletin 2236, Stock number 029-001-02854-7 Price per copy Total cost $ 5.00 $ $ 1.50 $ $16.00 $ $ 2 .50 $ TOTAL _ £ Discount: The Superintendent of Documents offers a 25-percent discount on orders for 100 copies or more of a single title, mailed to a single address. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I -BOSTON Suite 1603 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 REGION V - CHICAGO 9th Floor 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60604 REGION III -PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. 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