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/ a.3 : Dayton & Montgomery Co. Public Library M l * - JU L 2 7 1964 E m p lo y m e n t o f S C IE N T IF IC A N D document collection T E C H N IC A L P E R S O N N E L IN S T A T E G O V E R N M E N T A G E N C IE S , 1 9 6 2 Bulletin N o . 1412 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Se cretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R STATISTICS E w a n Clague, C ommissioner Em ploym ent of S C IE N T IF IC AND T E C H N IC A L PER SO N N EL IN ST A T E GOVERNM ENT A G EN CIES, 1962 Bulletin No. 1412 June 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 50 cents PREFACE T h i s b u l l e t i n s u m m a r i z e s the f i n d i n g s of a s u r v e y m a d e b y t h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s o f t h e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r t o o b t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e e m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l by S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s in J a n u a r y 1962. T h e s u r v e y w a s t h e s e c o n d of i t s k i n d , t he f i r s t h a v i n g b e e n m a d e b y the B u r e a u f or the N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n as o f J a n u a r y 1 9 5 9 . These surveys represent a series c overing e m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c and technical p e r s o n n e l i n a l l s e c t o r s of t h e e c o n o m y . Related surveys c o n d u c t e d b y the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o v e r s u c h e m p l o y m e n t in p r i v a t e industry, local g o v e r n m e n t s , and n o n p r o f i t organizations. Sci e n t i f i c and technical e m p l oyment in colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s a n d i n t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t is s u r v e y e d b y ot h e r U.S. G o v e r n m e n t agencies. i n The present survey covered virtually all State agencies, e x c e p t e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , e m p l o y i n g p e r s o n s w o r k i n g as s c i e n t i s t s , e n g i n e e r s , or t e c h n i c i a n s . T h e r e s p o n s e to t h e s u r v e y w a s e x c e l l e n t , w i t h a b o u t 98 p e r c e n t o f the 1 , 6 7 0 agencies contacted providing usable information, but certain p r o b l e m s t e n d to l i m i t t h e c o m p a r a b i l i t y of d a t a o b t a i n e d f r o m i n d i v i d u a l S t a t e s and to m a k e i n t e r s t a t e c o m p a r i s o n s d i f f i c u l t to i n t e r p r e t . As in all o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t s u r v e y s , d e f i n i t i o n s of i m p o r t a n t i t e m s u n d o u b t e d l y w e r e i n t e r p r e t e d d i f f e r e n t l y by the v a r i o u s a g e n c y o f f i c i a l s . More importantly, the f u n c t i o n s p e r f o r m e d a n d t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e s d i f f e r f r o m S t a t e to S t a t e . ( F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d i s c u s s i o n of d e f i n i t i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l p r o b l e m s s e e A p p e n d i x B, S c o p e a n d M e t h o d of S u r v e y .) The d a t a c o l l e c t e d provide d e t a i l e d information, by o c c u p ation, on the s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l e m p l o y e d b y S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s , a n d t h e f u n c t i o n s t h e y p e r f o r m e d in S t a t e a g e n c i e s o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s , as of J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 . They also p r o v i d e t h e b a s i s f o r a c o m p a r i s o n of s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n i c a l e m p l o y m e n t i n S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s w i t h d a t a c o l l e c t e d i n an e a r l i e r survey. P art I of t h e r e p o r t s u m m a r i z e s the f i n d i n g s of t h e 1 9 6 2 s u r v e y ; P a r t II is d e v o t e d t o a c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e c h a n g e s in e m p l o y m e n t b e t w e e n J a n u a r y 1 9 5 9 a n d J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 . T h e 1 9 6 2 s u r v e y w a s c a r r i e d o u t a n d t h e r e p o r t p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ' s D i v i s i o n of O c c u p a t i o n a l E m p l o y m e n t S t a t i s t i c s , C o r a E. T a y l o r , C h i e f , u n d e r t h e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of H a r o l d G o l d s t e i n , A s s i s t a n t C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r M a n p o w e r and E m p l o y m e n t Statistics. W i l l i a m L. C o p e l a n d h a d s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the p r o j e c t a n d p r e p a r e d t h e r e p o r t w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e of Jack Golomb. IV CONTENTS Page P r e f a c e ------------------------------------------------------------------------S u m m a r y o f f i n d i n g s --------------------------------------------------------P a r t I. E m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---E n g i n e e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------S c i e n t i s t s ------------------------------------------------------------------L i f e s c i e n t i s t s --------------------------------------------------------P h y s i c a l s c i e n t i s t s --------------------------------P s y c h o l o g i s t s -----------------------------------------------------------D e g r e e s h e l d b y s c i e n t i s t s ------------------------------------------T e c h n i c i a n s -----------------------------------------------------------------P a r t II. C h a n g e s in s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n i c a l e m p l o y m e n t , 1 9 5 9 t o 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------- iii 1 3 7 10 10 12 15 15 16 19 Appendices: A. B. C. S t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s ------------------------------------------------------S c o p e a n d m e t h o d o f s u r v e y -------------------------------------------Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d c o v e r i n g l e t t e r s ---------------------------------- Text 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 25 63 69 tables: O c c u p a t i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l e m p l o y e d by S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----E n g i n e e r s e m p l o y e d by S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s , b y t y p e o f a g e n c y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----------------------------------------------------------L i f e s c i e n t i s t s e m p l o y e d b y S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s , b y t y p e of a g e n c y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -------------------------------------------------Phys i c a l s c i e ntists e m p l o y e d by State governments, by type of a g e n c y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------------Scientists employed by State governments, by highest degree held and type of agency, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 --------------------------S c i e n t i s t s h o l d i n g h e a l t h d e g r e e s , b y t y p e of d e g r e e a n d State g o v e rnment agency, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 --------------------------T e c h n i c i a n s e m p l o y e d b y S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s , b y t y p e o f agency, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----------------------------------------------------------C h a n g e in S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y m e n t , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 9 to J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----------------------------------------------------------C h a n g e in e m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l in State governments, by o c c u p a t i o n a l group, January 1959 a n d J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------- v 6 9 11 13 17 17 18 22 23 CONTENTS--Continued Page Appendix AAAAAAAAA- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. A-10. A-ll. A-12. A-13. A-14. A-15. A-16. A-17. A-18. A-19. A-20. A-21. tables: E n g i n e e r s , s c i e n t i s t s , a n d t e c h n i c i a n s , b y ty p e of a g e n c y a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------E n g i n e e r s , b y t y p e o f a g e n c y a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----E n g i n e e r s in a l l a g e n c i e s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in h i g h w a y a g e n c i e s , by o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in p u b l i c w o r k s a g e n c i e s (except hi g h w a y ) , by o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -------------------------E n g i n e e r s in h e a l t h a n d w e l f a r e a g e n c i e s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in a g r i c u l t u r e a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n a g e n c i e s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -------------------------E n g i n e e r s in all a g e ncies, by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n and State, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 - - - ---------------------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in h i g h w a y a g e n c i e s , b v p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n and S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------------Engineers in public works agencies (except highway), by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----------------E n g i n e e r s in h e a l t h a n d w e l f a r e agencies, by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------Engin e e r s in agriculture and c o n s e r v a t i o n agencies, by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -----------------E n g i n e e r s in a l l a g e n c i e s , b y p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 --------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in h i g h w a y age n c i e s , by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n and o c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 --------------------------------------E n g i n e e r s in p u b l i c w o r k s a g e n c i e s ( e x c e p t h i g h w a y ) , by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ----------E n g i n e e r s in h e a l t h and w e l f a r e a g e n c i e s , b y p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------E n g i n e e r s in a g r i c u l t u r e and c o n s e r v a t i o n a g e n c i e s , by p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n a n d o c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ----------S c i e n t i s t s in all a g e n c i e s , b y t y p e of a g e n c y a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------- --------------S c i e n t i s t s in all a g e n c i e s , b y o c c u p a t i o n and S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------S c i e n t i s t s in h i g h w a y and p u b l i c w o r k s a g e n c i e s , by o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -------------------------S c i e n t i s t s in h e a l t h a n d w e l f a r e age n c i e s , by o c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ---------------------------------------- vi 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 39 39 40 41 42 43 44 CONTENTS--Continued Page Appendix tables--Continued A-22. Scientists in agriculture and conservation agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962------------------A-23. Scientists in all agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962----------------------------------------A-24. Scientists in highway and public works agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962------------A-25. Scientists in health and welfare agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962--------------------A-26. Scientists in agriculture and conservation agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962------------A-27. Scientists in all agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962----------------------------A-28. Scientists in highway agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962----------------------------A-29. Scientists in public works agencies (except highway), by primary function and occupation, January 1962--------A-30. Scientists in health and welfare agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962-- 1------------A-31. Scientists in agriculture and conservation agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962--------A-32. Scientists in all agencies, by highest academic degree and State, January 1962-----------------------------A-33. Scientists with health degrees, by type of degree and State, January 1962---------------------------------A-34. Technicians, by type of agency and State, January 1962— A-35. Technicians in all agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962----------------------------------------A-36. Technicians in highway agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962---------------------------------A-37. Technicians in public works agencies (except highway), by occupation and State, January 1962---------------A-38. Technicians in health and welfare agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962-----------------------------A-39. Technicians in physical health agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962-----------------------------A-40. Technicians in agriculture and conservation agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962---------------A-41. Technicians, scientists and engineers, and ratio of technicians to scientists and engineers, by type of agency, January 1962--------------------------------- vii 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Approximately 48,000 scientists and engineers and 55,500 technicians were employed by agencies within the 50 State governments in January 1962. Altogether, these workers accounted for slightly more than 9 percent of all State em ployees outside State educational institutions. From January 1959 to January 1962, their employment increased nearly 20 percent, growing twice as fast as total State government employment over the period. Of the approximately 34,000 engineers, about 88 percent were civil engineers--most of whom were employed by highway and public works agencies, combined. Employment of engineers increased at a slightly higher rate, between 1959 and 1962, than employment of either scientists or technicians. Nearly three-fourths of the approximately 14,000 scientists employed by State agencies were in the life science fields-biological, agricultural, and medical. About 43 percent of the 4,514 biological scientists worked in fish and game agencies and 36 percent were in agencies concerned with physical health. The 4,073 agricultural scientists were concentrated in agencies concerned with natural resources (54 percent) and in agriculture agencies (42 percent). Medical scientists, numbering 1,930 were employed primarily in physical health agencies (65 percent) and secondarily in mental health agencies (22 percent). The remaining scientists--accounting for one-fourth of all scientific personnel--were chemists (1,381), geologists and geophysicists (898), psychologists (517), mathematicians (448), and a group of unclassified scientists (274)) One scientist in every 4 was reported to hold an advanced degree; about 6 percent held the doctorate. Persons whose highest degree was a bachelor’s or first professional degree comprised about 60 percent of all scientists. Approximately 14 percent of the scientists had no degree. More than 2,600 scientists held a professional health degree; of these 70 percent were doctors of medicine (M.D.) or doctors of veteri nary medicine (D.V.M.). 2 Slightly more than one-half of the 55,500 technicians employed by State government agencies in January 1962 were classified as engineering technicians, about 22 percent as surveyors, 12 percent as draftsmen, and 10 percent as medi cal, agricultural and biological technicians. The remainder (less than 5 percent) included about 1,000 physical science aids and about 1,500 technicians who were not classified by occupation. Employment of engineering and physical science technicians showed a greater relative increase (24 percent) between 1959 and 1962 than did other types of technicians. 3 PART I EMPLOYMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL, JANUARY 1962 5 EMPLOYMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL, JANUARY 1962 Approximately 103,500 engineers, scientists, and techni cians were employed in January 1962 by the 50 State governments to carry out a variety of scientific and technical activities in areas ranging from heavy construction to mental health. About 34,000 of these employees were engineers, 14,000 were scientists, and 55,500 were technicians. (See table 1.) This group includes essentially all scientific and technical personnel employed by State governments in January 1962, except those working for State educational institutions. 1/ Altogether, they accounted for about 6 percent of all State government employees and about 9 percent of all State employees outside educational institutions. In con trast, scientific and technical personnel accounted for only about 3 percent of all employment in private industry (excluding agri culture) in January 1962. 2/ The major factors affecting the employment of scientific and technical personnel by the individual States are the services undertaken by agencies of each State, and the funds appropriated for these services. Although the most populous States employed the greatest numbers of scientific and technical personnel, popu lation affects such employment only indirectly as one of the influences upon the financial resources available and the expendi tures necessary to provide certain services to the citizens of each State. However, no direct relationship between population and scientific and technical employment can be assumed. The detailed data for individual States, shown in the tables in appendix A, are not necessarily comparable from one State to another. Distributions of scientific and technical personnel by occupation and type of agency are affected, for each State, not only by considerations of major natural resources, major industries, climate, and other influences on the services undertaken, but also by State constitutions and laws, policy 1/ See appendix B, Scope and Method of Survey for the coverage. 2/ Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1962, report on a survey conducted by.the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (in press). Table 1. Occupational distribution of scientific and technical personnel employed by State governments, January 1962 Occupational group Number All groups............... 103,530 100.0 Engineers........................ 33,994 32.8 Civil engineers................ Other engineers................ 30,047 3,947 29.0 3.8 Scientists....................... 14,035 13.6 Biological scientists.......... Agricultural scientists........ Medical scientists............. Chemists....................... Geologists and geophysicists.... Psychologists.................. Mathematicians................. Other scientists............... 4,514 4,073 1,930 1,381 898 517 448 274 4.4 3.9 1.9 1.3 .9 .5 .4 .3 Technicians...................... 55,501 53.6 Engineering technicians........ Surveyors...................... Draftsmen...... ................ Medical, agricultural, and biological technicians....... Physical science technicians.... Other technicians.............. 28,343 12,240 6,684 27.4 11.8 6.4 5,671 1,030 1,533 5.5 1.0 1.5 Percent 1/ See questionnaire reproduced in appendix C for definitions of occupations used in this survey. 7 decisions, choices of organizational structure, and other factors. For example, some States prefer to contract to consulting or other firms work which, in other States, is performed by personnel--including scientists, engineers, and technicians--on State payrolls. The assignment of responsibilities to agencies may also follow different patterns in the various States. Examples of the effect of choices of organization are departments of water supply variously reported as part of public works agencies or of natural resources agencies, and food and drug laws enforced by health agencies or by agricultural agencies. To assist State officials in reporting employment of scientific and technical personnel, definitions were pro vided for most of the occupations. Personnel were classified as engineers if they were engaged in engineering work at a level requiring knowledge of the field equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course. Scientists were defined in a parallel manner. Technicians weie described as workers engaged in activities requiring a knowl edge of engineering or science comparable to that acquired through about 2 years of post-high school training. The defi nitions of the occupations covered in this report, as well as other terms used in the survey, are reproduced in appendix C. Data for January 1962 on the numbers employed in each scientific and technical occupational group, the functions performed, and the agency of employment are presented in sum mary form in the sections of this report which follow. For a somewhat more descriptive account of the activities of scien tific and technical personnel in the various State agencies, see the report on a similar survey conducted in 1959. 3/ ENGINEERS State governments reported employment of 33,994 engineers in January 1962. Of these, 30,047 (about 88 percent) were re ported as civil engineers, a group which also included sanitary, construction, architectural, structural, highway, and other related specialties. The remaining 3,947 included all other types of engineers employed by State governments. 3/ Employment of Scientific and Technical Personnel in State Government Agencies, Report on a 1959 Survey, NSF 61-17, prepared for the National Science Foundation by the U.S. Depart ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (price 45 cents). 8 The distribution of engineers- by type of agency is shown in table 2. Civil engineers were concentrated in highway agencies (93 percent). Most of these engineers planned, designed, and supervised the construction of highways, public buildings, dams, and other new public works, but some were concerned with maintenance and repair. The "other" engineers were also concentrated in highway and public works agencies, though to a lesser degree. Survey respondents were asked to classify their scientific and technical employees according to primary activity or func tion performed. The engineers employed by State governments were distributed by function as follows: Engineers All Civil Other All functions i/ ..... ___ 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.4 26.5 17.5 2.0 5.6 37.3 21.4 24.8 4.1 12.4 Operations and services.... Planning.................. Inspection................ Research.................. Other functions........... ___ 47.0 ___ 25.9 ___ 18.4 ___ 2.3 ___ 6.4 1/ For definitions of functions see questionnaire repro duced in appendix C. Nearly two-thirds of all engineers were classified by their agencies as primarily engaged in the combined areas of operations and services and inspection. Together, these functions comprise the technical activities related to the regular operation of government programs including the en forcement of laws, regulations, and standards, and cover most of the on-going, day-by-day, technical business of the State governments. About one-quarter of the engineers, how ever, were primarily engaged in planning, which includes technical activity concerned with initiating or improving programs, policies, legislation, and standards, and which is concerned with activities of the future. Another 2 percent of the engineers were engaged in research to advance scien tific knowledge in the natural sciences and engineering, also a function that looks largely to the future. The State govern ments employed about 2 engineers primarily engaged in planning or research for every 5 employed in all other functions. 9 Table 2. Engineers employed by State governments, by type of agency, January 1962 (Percent distribution) Engineers Agency All Civil ^ Other 33,994 100.0 30,047 100.0 3,947 100.0 Highway and public works.... 90.5 94.4 61.0 Highway................... Public works.............. 88.4 2.1 92.8 1.6 55.0 6.0 Health and welfare.......... 3.7 2.9 9.7 Physical health........... Mental health............. Welfare................... 3.3 .2 .2 2.8 (3/) .1 7.0 1.5 1.2 Agriculture and conservation. 2.5 1.7 8.9 Natural resources......... Pish and game............ . Agriculture............... 2.1 .3 .1 1.3 .3 .1 8.0 .4 .5 Other agencies.............. 3.3 1.0 20.4 All agencies: Number.... Percent... l/ Includes sanitary, construction, architectural, structural, highway, and other related specialties. 2/ Includes all engineering specialties not classified as civil engineering. 3/ Less than 0.05 percent. 1 0 Detailed data on the employment of engineers by type of agency, occupation, and by function for each State are pre sented in the tables in appendix A. SCIENTISTS Scientists employed by State governments in January 1962 numbered 14,035 or about 14 percent of all scientific and technical employment in State agencies. About 7 out of 10 of these employees were life scientists and most of the remainder were physical scientists. This distribution is the reverse of that for scientific employment in private industry where physical scientists far outnumber other types of scientists. Unlike engineers, who were employed almost exclusively in highway and public works agencies, scientists were concentrated in agriculture and conservation (53 percent) and in health and welfare agencies (36 percent). The types of services performed by these agencies determine their need for scientists in cer tain fields of specialization. Life Scientists The three largest scientific occupational groups employed by State governments in January 1962 were biological scien tists (4,514), agricultural scientists (4,073), and medical scientists (1,930). 4/ Together, these groups comprise all scientists dealing with life processes— plant, animal, or human. The concentrations of life scientists by type of employing agency were very marked, with sharp differences among occupa tional groups. (See table 3.) Biological scientists were reported chiefly by fish and game agencies and physical health agencies, agricultural scientists by natural resources and agriculture agencies, and medical scientists by health agencies. No life scientists were reported by highway or public works agencies. 4/ Persons primarily engaged in patient treatment and care were excluded from the survey. See questionnaire reproduced in appendix C for definitions of the occupations used in this survey. 1 1 Table 3. Life scientists employed by State governments, of agency, January 1962 try type (Percent distribution) Life scientists Agency All Biolog ical Agricul Medical tural Number.... 10,517 Percent... 100.0 4,514 100.0 4,073 100.0 1,930 100.0 Agriculture and conservation. 62.7 58.4 96.3 1.8 Natural resources......... Agriculture............... Fish and game............. 24.1 19.6 19.0 7.9 7.3 43.2 53.5 41.5 1.3 Health and welfare.......... 34.8 39.0 1.9 94.5 Physical health........... Mental health............. Welfare................... 27.8 5.1 1.9 36.0 2.6 .4 1.2 (2/) 7 64.9 21.6 8.0 Other agencies.............. 2.5 2.6 1.8 3.7 All agencies: l/ None reported. 2/ Less than 0.05 percent. u/> 1.8 (i /> 12 Life scientists were also markedly concentrated by func tion, as shown in the following tabulation: Life Scientists All’ Biolog ical All functions... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Operations and services......... Inspection......... Research........... Planning........... Other functions.... 53.3 17.7 15.5 9.7 3.8 45.0 14.3 27.8 9.2 3.7 62.4 25.5 2.2 5.7 4.2 53.7 9.3 14.6 19.4 3.0 Agricul tural Medical As with engineers, most life scientists were concerned with their agencies' regular operations. Unlike engineers, however, a substantial proportion of the biological scientists and of the medical scientists were engaged in research. The proportion of life scientists engaged in planning activities was materially less than that of engineers so engaged. Detailed data on the employment of life scientists by type of agency, occupation, and by function for each State are pre sented in the tables in appendix A. Physical Scientists State government agencies reported employment of 2,727 physical scientists in January 1962--1,381 chemists, 898 geologists and geophysicists, and 448 mathematicians. 5 / The distribution of these scientists by type of agency is shown in table 4. 5/ It is likely that some physical scientists were also included among the 274 unclassified scientists. It is believed, for example, that a small number of physicists and metallurgists were included in the unclassified category. On the other hand, it is recognized that all mathematicians are not closely allied with the physical sciences. Table 4. Physical scientists employed by State governments, by type of agency, January 1962 (Percent distribution) Physical scientists Agency All All agencies: Number... Percent.. Geologists Chemists and geo Mathema physicists ticians 2,727 100.0 1,381 100.0 898 100.0 448 100.0 Agriculture and conservation. 30.7 28.0 45.8 8.9 Natural resources......... 1 Agriculture............... Fish and game............. 16.0 13.8 .9 1.5 25.7 .8 45.5 .1 .2 2.0 4.4 2.5 Health and welfare.......... 28.7 45.8 (1/) 33.7 Physical health........... Mental health............. Welfare................... 26.0 1.5 1.2 44.1 1.7 (!/) ci/) (I/) (i/) 21.9 4.2 7.6 Highway and public works.... 25.9 16.3 42.5 22.1 Highway................... Public works.............. O Other agencies.............. 23.1 2.8 14.4 1.9 37.4 5.1 21.0 1.1 14.7 9.9 11.7 35.3 l/ None reported. 1 4 As with engineers and the life science specialists, each of the three physical science occupational groups showed marked concentration in particular types of agencies.. Agencies con cerned with physical health, agriculture, and highways employed 84 percent of all the chemists. Natural resource agencies and highway agencies employed 83 percent of the geologists and geo physicists. Mathematicians were the only occupational group heavily concentrated (35 percent) in the miscellaneous or ,,othern agencies category. About two-fifths of the mathematicians-many of them actuaries--in the "other" agencies category were employed in agencies dealing with insurance matters. The remainder of the mathematicians were employed by a wide variety of types of agencies, but with the largest number in physical health and highway agencies. The distribution of physical scientists by primary function performed is shown below: Physical scientists All Chemists Geologists and geo physicists Mathema ticians All functions...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Operations and services. Research............... Inspection............. Planning............... Other functions........ 33.2 28.6 22.8 11.5 3.9 31.6 23.0 37.7 4.4 3.3 35.2 37.2 10.0 15.4 2.2 34.1 28.6 2.9 25.7 8.7 Around a third of each occupational group was engaged in operations and service activities in January 1962. The pro portion of chemists primarily engaged in inspection activities, chiefly in agriculture and health agencies, was the highest for any occupational group in the survey. Geologists and geophysi cists made up the only occupational group in the survey for whom research was the major function. Detailed data on the employment of physical scientists by type of agency, occupation, and by function for each State are presented in the tables in appendix A. 1 5 Psychologists There were 517 psychologists employed by State agencies in January 1962. This number does not include psychologists en gaged primarily in the care and treatment of patients. Psychologists were more concentrated in a single type of agency than any other occupational group except civil engineers and agricultural scientists. As shown below, nearly half the psychologists were employed by mental health agencies. Percent All agencies...... 100.0 Health and welfare........ 88.6 Mental health........ Physical health...... Welfare................. 48.2 24.2 16.2 Other agencies............ 11.4 About 3 out of 5 psychologists were engaged in operations and services and 1 out of 5 was engaged in research. The distribution of psychologists by function was as follows Percent All functions........ 100.0 Operations and services..... Research.................... Planning.................... Inspection.................. Other functions............. 63.2 21.5 8.9 .6 5.8 Degrees Held by Scientists This survey obtained for the first time data on the degrees held by scientists employed by State government agencies. The data, summarized in tables 5 and 6, include the numbers of scientists by highest degree, and the numbers of scientists holding health degrees by type of degree. Detailed data by State are presented in the tables in appendix A. 16 About 14 percent of the 14,035 scientists employed by State governments in January 1962 were reported to hold no degree (table 5). This compares with approximately 40 percent of State employed engineers who held no degree. 6/ Close to two-thirds of the scientists without a degree were in agriculture and con servation agencies; about 40 percent of these were reported by California agencies and about 9 percent by Michigan agencies as working primarily in forest management. TECHNICIANS State government agencies employed 55,501 technicians in January 1962. Employment was reported separately for 5 occu pational groups--engineering technicians; surveyors; draftsmen; medical, agricultural, and biological technicians; physical science technicians--and a residual group of "other” techni cians who were not further classified. The distribution of technician employment by type of agency for each occupational group is shown in table 7. About 85 percent of all technicians were classified in three occupational groups; engineering technicians (51 percent), surveyors (22 percent), and draftsmen (12 percent). These groups were concentrated very heavily (91 percent or more) in highway agencies. The medical, agricultural, and biological technicians were divided equally between agriculture and conservation agencies and health and welfare agencies, with a very small number re ported by "other" agencies. About half of the physical science technicians were reported by highway agencies, and most of the remainder were employed in natural resource agencies and in physical health agencies in approximately the same numbers. Most technicians act as assistants to scientists or engi neers. Overall, there were about 115 workers for every 100 scientists and engineers employed by State agencies in 1962. This is a much higher ratio than in private industry, where there are only 69 technicians per 100 scientists and engineers, on the average. However, only in highway agencies did the Stateemployed technicians exceed the number of scientists and engi neers (149 to 100). In health and welfare agencies, the average was 54 technicians per 100 scientists and engineers, and in agriculture and conservation agencies, it was 48 per 100. 6/ Data on the educational attainment of engineers were collected in the 1959 survey. See footnote 3. 17 Table 5. Scientists employed by State governments, by highest degree held and type of agency, January 1962 (Percent distribution) All scien tists Agency All agencies: Number... Percent.. Highway and public works... Health and welfare........ Agriculture and conservation. Other agencies............ Bachelor’s or first No Ph.D. Master’s profes sional degree degree degree degree l/ 14,035 100.0 887 100.0 2,765 100.0 8,463 100.0 1,920 100.0 5.9 35.5 53.1 5.5 1.1 58.0 27.4 13.5 3.5 45.2 43.1 8.2 7.4 31.7 56.2 4.7 4.9 27.8 65.4 1.9 1/ Includes M.D., D.D.S., D.V.M., and other professional health degrees. Table 6. Scientists holding health degrees, by type of degree and State government agency, January 1962 (Percent distribution) All scientists with M.D. health degrees Agency D.V.M. D.D.S. Other Number... Percent.. 2,640 100.0 1,093 100.0 793 100.0 202 100.0 552 100.0 Health and welfare........ Agriculture and conservation. Other agencies............ 67.6 31.1 1.3 98.2 (1/) 1.8 7.9 90.8 1.3 82.7 17.3 87.2 12.1 .7 All agencies: l/ None reported. ci/) Table 7. Technicians employed by State governments, by type of agency, January 1962 (Percent distribution) EngiAll neering techni techni Surveyors Draftsmen cians cians Agency Medical, agricul tural ,and biological technicians Physical science Other techni cians 55,501 100.0 28,343 100.0 12,240 100.0 6,684 100.0 5,671 100.0 1,030 100.0 1,533 100.0 Highway and public works... 84.0 95.9 98.6 92.8 Cl/) 49.3 40.9 Highway................. Public works.... ........ 82.7 1.3 94.5 1.4 98.3 .3 91.1 1.7 d/) ci/) 49.0 .3 31.6 9.3 Agriculture and conservation. 7.2 1.1 1.2 3.7 49.0 18.4 20.4 Natural resources........ Agriculture............. Fish and game............ 3.1 2.2 1.9 1.0 (1/) .1 1.0 (1/) .2 3.3 .1 .3 13.0 20.0 16.0 14.5 3.9 (1/) 14.4 3.2 2.8 Health and welfare.......... 6.1 .5 (1/) ci/) 49.5 21.2 14.9 Physical health.......... Mental health............ Welfare................. 4.4 1.1 .6 .4 Cl/) .1 a/) CV ) CV) a/) Cl/) (T/) 36.4 8.9 4.2 16.5 2.5 2.2 7.2 5.5 2.2 Other agencies............. 2.7 2.5 .2 3.5 1.5 11.1 23.8 All agencies: l/ Number.... Percent... Less than 0.05 percent. PART II CHANGES IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EMPLOYMENT, 1959 to 1962 21 CHANGES IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EMPLOYMENT, 1959 to 1962 Scientific and technical employment in State government agencies in January 1962 was nearly 20 percent greater than in January 1959. This represents an average annual rate of increase of slightly more than 6 percent over the 3-year period; this is not to suggest, however, that the growth rate was even over the period. Table 8 compares the growth in employment of scientists, engineers, and technicians with the overall growth in State government employment. Since the survey did not cover scien tific and technical employment in State educational agencies, comparison is also made with total State employment excepting that in educational institutions. During the 3-year period under consideration, noneducational State government employ ment increased nearly 7 percent--about 2.3 percent per year, on the average. This annual rate is somewhat less than twofifths of the rate of growth shown by scientific and technical employment only. Table 9 presents data reported for January 1959 and that reported for January 1962 by broad occupational classes. The changes in employment by detailed occupation are the net result of widely diverse changes reported by individual States for the two periods. Because it has not been practical to recontact each reporting agency to investigate the reasons for the changes, no assessment can be made of the relative influences of changes in personnel classification, changes in the interpretation of defi nitions, and true changes in the numbers of persons working in the different occupational categories. Nevertheless, changes in the size of the gross groupings shown in table 9 are believed to reasonably represent the correct order of magnitude. Table 8. Change in State government employment, January 1959 to January 1962 Number Employee group January 1959 January 1962 Percent change All State government employment l/............ 1,533,000 1,686,400 10.0 State employment, except educational l/............... 1,048,300 1,120,900 6.9 All scientific and technical employees 2/............... 86,246 103,013 19.4 Engineers.................. Scientists 2/.............. Technicians................ 28,172 11,276 46,798 33,994 13,518 55,501 20.7 19.9 18.6 l/ Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States, 1909-62 (Bulletin 1312-1, 1963) . 2/ Psychologists are excluded because a change in defini tion resulted in noncomparable data for 1959 and 1962. Table 9. Change in employment of scientific and technical personnel in State governments, by occupational group, January 1959 and January 1962 Number Occupational group January 1959 January 1962 Percent change All scientific and technical occupations 1/.............. 86,246 103,013 19.4 Engineers.......................... 28,172 33,994 20.7 Civil engineers.................. Other engineers.................. 26,082 2,090 30,047 3,947 15.2 88.8 Scientists l/...................... 11,276 13,518 19.9 Life scientists.................. Other scientists................. 8,846 2,430 10,517 3,001 18.9 23.5 Technicians.................... „. .. 46,798 55,501 18.6 Engineering and physical science technicians.................... Other technicians................ 23,781 23,017 29,373 26,128 23.5 13.5 1 / Psychologists are excluded because a change in definition resulted in noncomparable data for 1959 and 1962. 2 5 APPENDIX A STATISTICAL TABLES Most of the tables included in this appepdix present data for each State. However, caution is urged in making State-byState comparisons of employment without acquiring an intimate knowledge of individual State programs, practices, and classi fication systems. For example, wide differences exist in the types of programs undertaken by States in any given year, in practices such as the hiring of scientific and technical workers or the use of outside consulting services, and in functions per formed by agencies with similar names or by personnel with the same occupational titles. Although State tables are presented by region for the reader’s convenience, statistics by region are not likely to be comparable, for the reasons cited. 26 Table A-l. Engineers, scientists, and technicians, by type of agency and State, January 1962 All agencies Total Highway 103,530 78,199 20,331 Agriculture and conservation Health and welfare Highway and public works State Fish and game Agri Natural re culture sources Other agencies Total 76,670 1,529 9,638 7,404 1,521 713 12,292 3,159 3,710 5,423 3,401 14,594 14,225 369 2,619 1,833 571 215 1,926 264 552 1,110 1,192 1,463 716 2,493 444 1,800 6,761 5,652 467 530 1,204 429 1,766 360 1,132 4,464 4,629 266 344 1,180 412 1,766 354 1,112 4,464 4,352 254 331 24 17 -6 20 — 277 12 13 159 100 525 44 353 749 415 150 124 80 64 326 44 218 744 185 89 83 68 36 191 -32 — 228 12 4 11 -8 -103 5 2 49 37 61 180 154 32 216 731 463 39 50 3 51 43 22 45 — 81 14 5 58 44 4 3 26 265 123 16 13 __ 85 107 7 145 466 259 9 32 39 7 53 8 99 817 145 12 12 23,638 18,168 17,972 196 1,950 1,295 563 92 2,649 316 720 1,613 871 Illinois........ Indiana......... Iowa............ Kansas.......... Michigan....... . Minnesota...... . Missouri........ Nebraska........ North Dakota.... Ohio............ South Dakota...... Wisconsin........ 3,033 1,316 1,479 1,633 3,629 2,294 2,145 1,014 570 4,323 261 1,931 2,366 878 1,222 1,397 2,765 1,696 1,798 801 339 3,414 139 1,353 2,359 849 1,213 1,369 2,738 1,696 1,798 786 327 3,362 123 1,352 7 29 9 28 27 -— 15 12 52 16 1 230 273 39 71 324 162 91 72 83 430 25 150 211 178 35 67 228 94 90 31 78 125 25 133 __ 91 4 -92 47 — 19 5 305 __ 19 4 — 4 4 21 1 22 — — 24 — — 13 — 86 74 47 24 — 48 17 101 100 210 156 452 391 173 78 145 441 91 311 31 — 33 64 107 71 65 12 103 94 30 110 46 100 177 79 345 234 34 19 18 347 13 201 341 65 8 14 88 45 83 63 3 38 6 117 South............. 33,778 27,136 26,548 588 3,128 2,677 140 311 2,886 656 1,089 1,141 628 Alabama........ . Arkansas........ Delaware........ Florida......... Georgia......... Kentucky........ Louisiana....... Maryland....... . Mi s s i s s i p p i . . .... North Carolina.... Oklahoma........ South Carolina.... Tennessee....... Texas........... Virginia........ West Virginia.... 2,798 733 291 1,833 2,451 2,379 2,401 1,478 1,350 2,024 612 1,369 2,461 6,900 3,438 1,260 2,449 546 234 1,062 2,156 1,867 2,052 1,131 1,068 1,582 423 1,071 1,939 5,908 2,605 1,043 2,423 546 234 1,049 2,156 1,842 1,743 1,084 1,055 1,537 411 1,068 1,938 5,840 2,587 1,035 26 — __ 13 _ 25 309 47 13 45 1? 3 1 68 18 128 31 23 338 177 126 150 194 14 191 106 70 349 389 383 8 14 .. 3 1 — 9 .. 75 — «_ 3 7 50 .. -- 41 75 10 203 27 2 62 — __ 6 28 3 __ __ 1 __ 9 1 1 224 __ 16 172 130 29 376 63 284 176 50 223 220 41 134 160 247 415 166 40 20 6 37 25 60 71 10 11 40 8 142 31 26 342 184 185 150 269 14 191 121 99 353 613 383 25 17 73 100 58 88 128 11 56 33 121 236 9 91 35 13 136 11 222 43 40 137 52 30 61 54 26 121 69 35 26 2 53 48 43 23 28 45 31 27 65 9 132 35 26 Far West.......... 25,783 18,301 17,925 376 1,941 1,599 247 95 4,831 1,923 1,349 1,559 710 Alaska.......... Arizona......... California..... . Colorado....... . H a w a i i ............ . Idaho........... Montana......... Nevada.......... New Mexico.... .. Oregon.......... Utah............ Washington...... Wyoming........ . 635 823 13,059 1,077 863 759 993 575 838 2,053 959 2,285 864 353 644 9,692 816 398 364 815 428 672 1,214 763 1,484 658 334 639 9,692 745 351 357 789 411 612 1,160 711 1,482 642 19 5 — 71 47 7 26 17 60 54 52 2 16 111 71 765 61 303 74 29 35 73 95 41 266 17 110 71 548 61 264 67 29 26 67 87 40 218 11 1 _ 192 159 101 2,165 170 153 321 143 94 86 602 149 499 189 110 56 773 36 33 71 42 48 36 247 137 193 141 Northeast......... Connecticut..... Maine........... Massachusetts.... New Hampshire..... New Jersey...... New York........ Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... Vermont........ . Middle west....... Physical health Mental health Public works — __ 38 7 Welfare mm 25 .. 1 .. __ __ 9 -- _ .. __ — 6 8 1 48 6 Total __ 75 29 649 122 97 219 61 21 34 40 __ 41 36 49 16 743 12 23 31 40 25 16 315 12 265 12 12 7 437 30 9 „ 6 18 7 142 6, 36r — 27 Tab l e A-2. Engineers, by type of agency and State, January 1962 Highway and public works State All agencies Public works Health and welfare Agriculture and conservation Physical. Mental health) Welfares Total health Fish and game , Agri- Natural culture» re-' sources * Other agencies Total Highway 33,994 30,775 30,048 727 1,257 1,119 72 66 854 109 39 706 1,108 Northeast......... 7,846 6,840 6,662 178 373 317 41 15 245 21 — 224 388 Connecticut..... Maine......... Massachusetts... New Hampshire... New Jersey...... New York...... Pennsylvania.•.. Rhode Island.... Vermont.••••.••• 643 299 772 342 1,064 3,084 1,237 107 298 628 270 685 328 909 2,658 981 93 288 613 258 685 322 893 2,658 870 86 277 15 12 _ 6 16 — Ill 7 11 9 14 39 13 55 122 106 9 6 8 12 32 13 46 120 74 8 4 1 — 1 3 __ 1 1 _ 15 .. — mm 1 2 1 10 6 1 56 67 102 1 1 7 6 — 55 67 87 1 1 5 5 42 _ 44 237 48 4 3 Middle West.•••••• 7,257 6,531 6,433 98 326 295 17 14 171 17 19 135 229 Illinois........ Indiana..... . . Iowa...... ... • Kansas..... •. •• Michigan...... Minnesota.•••••• Missouri..... Nebraska..... North Dakota..., Ohio..... ••••• South Dakota.... Wisconsin,•••••• 1,550 474 347 467 975 592 794 279 168 896 76 639 1,441 418 310 413 852 508 758 253 155 826 64 533 1,438 400 308 399 835 508 758 249 148 802 56 532 3 18 2 14 17 .. .. 4 7 24 8 1 45 38 24 20 58 25 20 5 8 44 7 32 39 37 22 16 49 25 20 5 7 39 7 29 __ 1 2 _ 8 .. .. .. 1 5 6 .. mm __ _ __ .. .. -3 8 8 10 27 17 39 8 10 3 13 3 25 8 8 10 9 16 38 2 3 3 13 8,868 8,170 7,950 220 329 283 14 32 140 2 _ _ __ — 1 .. 2 -— 6 1 1 -.. 1 __ u. _ 2 — 5 — — --1 1 1 22 _ — 8 2 2 5 5 11 28 6 3 44 3 — 5 4 9 5 5 298 Total...... South............ Alabama......... Arkansas..•••••• Delaware...... Florida........ Georgia. ...... . Kentucky.... . Louisiana..... Maryland........ Mississippi.•••• North Carolina.. Oklahoma. ..... . South Carolina,. Tennessee.••••.. Texas....... .. Virginia........ West Virginia... Far West........ Alaska....••••• Arizona..... .. California..... Colorado.•••••.. Hawaii........ Idaho...•••••••• Montana••••.... Nevada........ New Mexico.••••• Oregon........ Utah.......... Washington..... Wyoming......... Total 2 7 — -.. 32 — .. .. 9 2 4 1 .. 531 177 70 642 920 711 546 560 247 821 168 877 332 1,393 745 128 499 160 64 587 898 657 495 516 225 732 137 825 303 1,259 697 116 495 160 64 578 898 632 415 495 215 705 130 823 303 1,235 691 111 4 __ __ 9 — 25 80 21 10 27 7 2 _ 24 6 5 19 9 4 44 14 27 12 29 7 28 14 16 24 63 16 3 17 9 4 42 14 21 12 27 7 28 7 14 22 41 16 2 10,023 9,234 9,003 231 229 224 — 6 10 119 10 8 5 7 4 6 22 3 20 4 __ — __ __ .. — -— .. 1 .. 1 _ — .. -— 1 1 1 -- 256 116 6,027 408 192 116 319 187 112 724 236 1,080 250 234 92 5,559 380 181 107 307 167 92 658 228 988 241 225 87 5,559 327 150 100 297 159 61 617 202 986 233 9 5 __ 53 31 7 10 8 31 41 26 2 8 6 10 120 10 9 5 7 4 6 23 4 21 4 — 11 12 137 13 .. 4 1 13 12 26 3 61 5 _ _ — .. 1 6 7 «_ *3 -18 2 -- .. .. — .. — _ — .. — 25 56 10 3 7 48 20 8 11 2 13 2 49 20 102 229 ... 8 — 2 1 5 10 26 2 1 28 3 — 4 2 5 5 5 6 _ 6 3 16 11 9 12 17 14 36 .. 67 23 4 18 1 .. .. 1 2 4 1i 1 — _ 1 2 4 — — 4 — — — — 1 15 -— _ -— — 53 - 245 262 3 4 5 3 _ — __ .. — — — — — — -— — a 8 132 10 — 2 1 10 12 14 2 42 4 5 2 211 5 2 — 4 3 2 17 1 10 — 2 — 3 .. 12 1 19 1 28 T a b l e A- 3 . Engineers in all agencies, b y occupation and All engineers State State, J a n u a r y Civil engineers 1962 Other engineers Total.... ........ ............ . 33.994 30,047 3.947 Northeast. ...... ..................... .. 7,846 6,503 1,343 Connecticut...... . ....... . Maine.................................. Massachusetts...... .................... New Hampshire............ New Jersey..................... ........ New York............. .••.... Pennsylvania........................... . Rhode Island......................... . Vermont.... •••••........ 643 299 772 342 1,064 3,084 1,237 107 298 621 215 750 326 677 2,724 952 93 145 22 84 22 16 387 360 285 14 153 Middle West.*............................. 7,257 6,799 458 Illinois..... ......... •••••••••••••••••• Indiana. ........ ...................... Iowa................. ................ . Kansas........... ............ ......... Michigan................... ........... . Minnesota.......... ........ ........... Missouri............. ......... ........ Nebraska. ... ........ ................. . North Dakota............. ...... •••••••• Ohio................................... South Dakota....... ....... ............. Wisconsin. ......... •••••••••••••••••••••• 1,550 474 347 467 975 592 794 279 168 896 76 639 1,493 455 338 441 839 534 782 269 160 833 60 595 57 19 9 26 136 58 12 10 8 63 16 44 .......••••••••••• 8,868 8,255 613 Alabama...................... ....... . Arkansas.......... ••••••••••••••••••••••• Delaware.................... •••••.... . Florida................................ Georgia............ ......... .......... Kentucky..................... ••••••••••• Louisiana...................... ...... . Maryland........... .................... Mississippi.......... ................... North Carolina.......... ............ . Oklahoma.... ..... ...................... South Carolina.••••••.... ••••....... . Tennessee................................ Texas..••••••••. ..... ........... . Virginia............. ••••••••••••••..... West Virginia..........•••••...... •••••• 531 177 70 642 920 711 546 560 247 821 168 877 332 1,393 745 128 518 170 68 619 913 671 458 500 161 771 141 829 326 1,302 697 13 7 2 23 7 40 88 60 86 50 27 48 6 91 48 111 17 10,023 8,490 1,533 256 116 6,027 408 192 116 319 187 112 724 236 1,080 250 244 92 5,225 103 181 105 82 174 80 695 217 1,046 246 12 24 802 305 11 11 237 13 32 29 19 34 4 South.... Far West................................. Alaska.••••••••..••••••••••••••••••••.... Arizona..... ...................••••••••• California...... ....... •••••........... Colorado................. ••••••••••••••• Hawaii.................... ....... . Idaho............... ••••••••••••••••••••• Montana...•••••••••••••••••••••••.... •••• Nevada......... •••••••...... ....... •••• New Mexico.............................. Oregon................. ........ ...... . Utah................................... Washington..................... ........ Wyoming........................ ........ 29 Table A-4. Engineers in highway agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 Al 1 engineers Civi 1 engineers Total............................ 30,048 27,878 2,170 Northeast................ ................ 6.662 5.809 853 Connect icut............. ................ Maine........ .......................... Massachusetts......................... . New Hampsh ire............. ........... .. New Jersey.......... ........ . New York............ .......... . Pennsylvania........... ............. . Rhode Island..................... . Vermont..... ....... . 613 258 685 322 893 2,658 870 86 277 613 193 669 319 597 2,500 708 76 134 65 16 3 296 158 162 10 143 6,433 6,299 134 1,438 400 308 399 835 508 758 249 148 802 56 532 1,418 397 308 391 766 503 755 249 143 788 50 531 20 3 — 8 69 5 3 — 5 14 6 1 7,950 7,735 215 495 *60 64 578 898 632 415 495 215 705 130 823 303 1,235' 691 III 495 159 64 573 898 616 373 464 137 704 130 816 303 1,235 666 102 _ 16 42 31 78 1 — 7 — — 25 9 9.003 8.035 968 225 87 5,559 327 150 100 297 159 61 617 202 986 233 225 86 5,096 50 15Q 98 72 159 61 617 202 986 233 State Middle West.............................. Illinois............................... Indiana.......... ...... .............. .. Iowa.... ..................... . Kansas................................. Michigan.............................. Minnesota.................. ............ Missouri...................... ......... Nebraska..................... .......... North Dakota.............. .............. Ohio................................... South Dakota.................. ......... Wisconsin............... ........ ...... South............... ........ ...... ...... Alabama......................... ....... Arkansas................... ............ Delaware................................ Florida............... ........ ...... . Georgia........ ............. ........... Kentucky.............................. Louisiana................... ........... Maryland..................... ........ .. Mississippi...................... ...... North Caro 1ina............. . Oklahoma............. ................ .. South Carol ina.............. ........... Tennessee.................. ............ Texas.............. ..................... Virginia..................... .......... West Virginia........................... Far West................................. Alaska.............. ............... . Arizona..................... ......... .. Ca 1iforn ia ........ ........ ..... ...... Colorado.............. .......... ....... Hawa Ii..... ............ .......... ..... Idaho............. ............. ....... Montana................................ Nevada..................... ............ New Mexico............................. Oregon............ '........ ............ Utah................................... Wash ington............................ .. Wyoming................................ Other engineers 1 — 5 — 1 463 277 — 2 225 — — — — — 30 Table A-5« Engineers in public works agencies (except highway), by occupation and State, January 1962 Al 1 engineers Ci vi 1 engineers Other engi neers Tota 1............................. 727 489 238 Northeast............... ....... ........... 178 104 74 Connect icut......................... . Maine.................................... Massachusetts....................... ..... New Hampshire.............. .............. New Jersey...................... ...... . New York............................. Pennsylvania.............. ............... Rhode Island.................. ........... Vermont....................... ........... 15 12 — 6 16 — 111 7 II 3 5 — 3 6 — 75 6 6 12 7 — 3 10 98 62 36 Illinois................................. Indiana............................... . Iowa..................................... Kansas............................ ...... Michigan....... .............. ............ Minnesota.............................. . Missouri................. ............ . Nebraska................................ . North Dakota......... ......... ....... . Ohio..................................... South Dakota................. ............. Wisconsin..... ................................ 3 18 2 14 17 — — 4 7 24 8 I 1 16 2 11 5 — — 4 7 10 5 I 2 2 — 3 12 — — — — 14 3 — South....... ................. ............. 220 169 51 2 — 3 — 15 72 13 10 19 5 I — 20 6 3 2 — — 6 — 10 8 8 — 8 2 1 — 4 — 2 State Middle West................................ Alabama............................. . Arkansas..................... . De 1aware................. ................. Florida.................................. Georgia............. ........ ............ Kentucky................................. Louisiana................................. Maryland............ ..................... Mississippi.............. ....... ........ North Carol ina............................ Oklahoma.................................. South Carolina..... ...... ..... .......... Tennessee................................. Texas.............................. Virginia........................ . West Virginia............................. 4 — — •* 9 — 25 80 21 10 27 7 2 — 24 6 5 36 l 5 Far West...................... ............. 231 154 77 Alaska.......................... . Arizona.................... ........ . Cal ifornia................... ......... . Colorado..................... . Hawai i............. ..... ................ Idaho......... ......... . Montana...... ............... ...... ...... Nevada.................. ................. New Mex ico.............. . Oregon.............. ......... ..... ..... Utah..................................... Washington......... ...................... Wyoming....................... ........... 9 5 — 53 31 7 JO 8 31 41 26 2 8 4 2 — 36 28 5 9 1 16 33 11 2 7 5 3 — 17 3 2 1 7 15 8 15 — 1 31 T a b l e A-6. Engineers in h e a l t h and welfare State agencies, b y o c c u p a t i o n a nd State, All engineers Civil engineers January 1Q 62 Other engineers 1,257 873 384 373 267 106 Connecticut........ ....... .............. Maine.................................... Massachusetts........................ . New Hampshire. •• ............... .......... New Jersey...................... ........ New York........... ••••••••......... ••••• Pennsylvania............................. Rhode Is land ........................ ••••• Vermont. .......................... ...... 9 14 39 13 55 122 106 9 6 12 38 3 11 119 74 7 3 9 2 1 10 44 3 32 2 3 Middle Nest.......... ........ ............ 326 227 99 Illinois................................ Indiana. ......... .......... ..... ....... Iowa.......... ......................... Kansas.................. ................ Michigan........................... . Minnesota............................... Missouri................................ Nebraska............. ................... North Dakota••••.... ..................... Ohio.................................... South Dakota.... ....... ........ ....... . Wisconsin................. ............... 45 38 24 20 58 25 20 ’ 5 8 44 7 32 39 33 22 20 30 1 20 3 8 29 — 22 6 5 2 — 28 24 — 2 — 15 7 10 South.................. ................... 329 245 84 Alabama.......... ............. ......... Arkansas. •••••............. ........... . Delaware. ........ ............. ......... . Florida............ ..................... Georgia, ••••••.............. ......... . Kentucky.,,,..... ........... ............ Louisiana................................ Maryland........................... . Mississippi.•......... .......... ........ North Carolina....... ................ . Oklahoma..•••••••................ •••••••• South Carolina...•••••••...... ........... Tennessee. •••••••••••••••.............. .. Texas.................................... Virginia.... ............................ Nest Virginia................... . 19 9 4 44 14 27 12 29 7 28 14 16 24 63 16 3 15 9 4 39 10 20 12 20 7 18 3 8 22 41 15 2 4 — — 5 4 7 9 — 10 11 8 2 22 1 1 229 134 95 6 10 120 10 6 — 64 10 1 — — 2 Total.... ....................... . Northeast................................. Far West.•••••••....... ........ . Alaska........ .......... ............... . Arizona.................................. California.. ••••••• •••••••....... . Colorado................. ••••••••••••••... Hawaii. •••••••••..... •••••••............. Idaho. ........... ............ ..... . Montana.......... ........ . ............ Nevada*.. . . . . . . . . .... New Mexico............. .................. Oregon............. ...... .............. . Utah.................................... Washington.............. ••••............. Wyoming.............................. .. 9 5 7 4 __ 10 56 — 8 5 7 2 6 3 3 23 4 21 4 22 1 1 1 1 3 20 3 32 Table A-7. Engineers in agriculture a n d conservation agencies, All engineers Total.............................. Northeast.................................. Connecticut.............. ................ Maine...f................................ Massachusetts............................ New Hampshire............................. New Jersey............................ ;.. New York,................................ Pennsylvania............................. Rhode Island............................. Vermont................................... Middle West................................ b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d St a t e , Civil engineers January 1962 Other engineers m 502 352 2U5 183 62 i 10 6 1 56 67 102 1 1 1 h 3 1 55 i|0 77 1 1 __ 6 3 1 27 25 _ 171 no 8 8 10 27 17 39 8 10 3 13 3 25 h 19 Hi 21 6 8 — 1 3 22 6 8 3 18 2 2 3 12 — 3 South...................................... ll|0 69 71 Alabama.................................. Arkansas,........... ..................... Delaware................................. Florida...................... ............ Georgia.................................. Kentucky.............................. . Louisiana................................ Maryland................................. Mississippi....................... '...... . North Carolina............................ Oklahoma......................... ........ South Carolina............................ Tennessee................................ Texas,.............. .................... Virginia................... .............. West Virginia.......••••••........ 8 2 2 5 5 ll 28 6 3 5 2 — — 5 8 — 3 1 28 1 _ 1 3 Illinois.......... ............ ......... . Indiana.... ........ ..................... Iowa..................................... Kansas................................ . Michigan................................. Minnesota............................... . Missouri........... ..................... Nebraska......... ....................... North Dakota............................. Ohio............. ....................... South Dakota............................. Wisconsin................................ Far West................................... Alaska............................... . Arizona.................................. California............................... Colorado................................. Hawaii................................... Idaho................... ................. Montana.................................. Nevada................................... New Mexico,........................ ...... Oregon........ ......... ....... ........ , Utah.................................... . Washington........................ ...... . Wyoming...................... ........... , h h 3 — 5 U 9 5 298 11 12 137 13 — k 1 13 12 26 3 61 5 61 k 8 h 2 5 3 28 3 2 16 2 _ U k 8 3 l 2 liiO 158 h h 53 6 — 2 — 11 — 20 1 36 3 7 8 81 7 — 2 1 2 12 6 2 25 2 33 ■Table A - 8. State Engineers in all agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Total.................. 33,991; 769 8,810 6,21*6 15,989 2,180 Northeast..................... 7,8U6 72 2,080 2,608 2,250 836 59 17 61* 19 318 1,U79 596 9 112 235 318 176 592 1*08 316 37U * 29 11 103 81* 61 32 — 196 1,558 3,611 258 707 U6 112 1*6 336 23U 36U 203 237 U5U 3i;7 217 80 786 1*35 60 10 9 1*7 28 6 23 8 22 36 — 9 5,226 379 Connecticut.................. 6U3 Maine................. 299 772 Massachusetts.............. . New Hampshire............... 3U2 1,061* New Jersey.................. 3,081; New York...... ............. . Pennsylvania................ 1,237 Rhode Island......... ...... 107 Vermont..................... .. . 298_ . 1* — 5 l l 29 2i* — 8 9l* 1*2 356 135 50 1,081* 267 37 ....... 15 . 1.U96 h i Middle West................... 7,257 33U Illinois.................... Indiana.................. . Iowa................. ...... Kansas...................... Michigan.................... Minnesota............... . Missouri................... . Nebraska.................... North Dakota................ Ohio........................ South Dakota................ Wisconsin................... 1,550 U7U 3U7 167 975 592 79U 279 168 896 76 63^ 90 1 5 86 71 16 11 3 5 36 5 5 32 25 163 117 29 18 6 3 27 South............ .......... 8,868 139 1,719 i,U05 531 177 70 61*2 920 711 51*6 560 2i*7 821 168 877 332 1,393 7l*5 5 5 1 15 lU 7 115 1*1* 1* 195 152 3 k 128 3 5 2 20 — — 13 15 — 68 36 67 131 25 285 9 88 232 58 Far West...... ................ 10,023 221* 3,515 Alaska.......... ........... Arizona..................... California.................. Colorado........... . Hawaii. ........... .......... Idaho.................... . Montana.••••••••••••......... Nevada............... ...... New Mexico................... Oregon.............. ........ Utah........................ Washington.... ........ . Wyoming...................... 256 116 6,027 1*08 192 116 319 187 112 72l* 236 1,080 250 5 99 22 5 2 35 9 5 30 5 3 1* Alabama.... ...... .......... Arkansas.... ..... ........... Delaware.•••••••••.... . Florida........ . Georgia..... ............... Kentucky. •••••......••••••••• Louisiana................... Maryland............... . Mississippi..... ....... ..... North Carolina.............. Oklahoma..................... South Carolina. Tennessee.... ............... Texas............ .......... Virginia..... ............... West Virginia............... 1*59 53 18 51 86 2I4.8 296 22 h i 210 157 11 2 ,1 9 k 106 95 11 52 88 13 15 99 60 1U 111 6 k . 211 k3 52 3U7 116 65 385 720 352 159 257 161* 561* 106 1*90 68 1,11*7 271 15 675 h,902 8 1 1*57* 13 17 10 85 9 28 5 27 86 99 2,103 228 63 88 101 81 65 661 93 1,013 221 12 — lii 3 k 81* 21* 261 7 116 16 79 2i*l ll*l* 221 k 11 3 k -3 — 58 261 3 k 8 1 23 Hi 1 — 3 101 5 — 571* 39 12 5 1*6 — 1 13 12 ~ 34 Table A -9* State Engineers in highway agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Total.................... 30,048 650 7,914 5,229 14,317 1,938 Northeast,.... ............... . 6,662 59 1,786 2,348 1,682 787 Connecticut. ....... ....... .. Maine....................... Massachusetts.. .......... . New Hampshire............. . New Jersey.••••••••••••••••••• New York................... .. Pennsylvania................ Rhode Island................ . Vermont...................... 613 258 685 322 893 2,658 .870 86 277 4 — — .. _ 26 21 50 5 31 11 270 1,375 563 3 40 104 224 313 170 482 222 90 53 24 373 .. 15 11 103 78 11 8 82 29 326 130 38 957 185 30 9 6,433 296 1,277 1,375 3,317 168 1,438 400 308 399 835 508 758 249 148 802 56 532 60 — 5 80 71 16 10 3 5 36 5 5 436 20 14 36 50 227 286 12 36 9 21 130 679 22 90 29 299 107 104 26 18 1 208 358 199 215 407 158 341 200 70 734 30 397 55 7,950 120 1,528 1,178 4,808 495 160 64 578 898 632 415 495 215 705 130 823 303 1,235 691 111 1 5 1 7 14 7 34 3 5 .. 20 _ — 12 11 — 103 40 3 188 145 191 31 17 66 99 20 276 2 62 230 55 56 8 .. 10 25 66 _ 231 — 101 — 69 241 123 200 48 335 107 60 373 714 335 90 244 144 500 90 478 46 1,037 250 5 9,003 175 3,323 328 4,510 225 87 5,559 327 150 100 297 159 61 617 202 986 233 •mm 150 7 2,729 81 73 10 49 84 3 _ 5 — 192 .. 11 4 80 70 79 1,971 194 56 Middle West....... ........ .. Illinois.................... Indiana..................... Iowa........................ Kansas... ......... .......... Michigan....... . Minnesota.......... . Missouri.................... Nebraska. ••••••...••......... North Dakota.. Ohio. •••••..... . South Dakota. Wisconsin................... South. Alabama..................... Arkansas. ••••• ..... ..... ... Delaware.................... Florida..................... Georgia...................... Kentucky. ......... ...... . L o u i s i a n a . .......... Maryland.................... Mississippi................. North Carolina................ Oklahoma.•••••.............. South Carolina .......... . Tennessee.•••••.............. Texas....................... Virginia............... ..... West Virginia............... Far West...................... Alaska. ..... ..... . Ar izona.................... . California................... Colorado..................... Hawaii.... ....... ........... Idaho...... .......... ...... Montana..................... Nevada..................... . New Mexico.••••......... . Oregon.................... .. Utah........................ Washington.••••••••••.... . Wyoming........... . 1 93 21 1 2 35 5 5 3 5 — 4 90 35 12 — 8 2 .. 19 — 7 84 87 62 51 614 81 951 210 196 .. 39 8 — 17 8 19 22 — 316 — — 33 260 — 5 _ _ 14 1 _ 3 667 _ 574 31 9 _ 46 __ 7 — 35 Table A-10* Engineers in public works agencies (except highway), by primary function and State, January 1962 State All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Total.•••................. 727 34 216 106 267 104 Northeast..................... 178 1 55 29 67 26 Connecticut......... Maine. .................... Massachusetts..... ...... . New Hampshire...... ....... . New Jersey. New York................... Pennsylvania............... Rhode Is land. ..... . Vermont. 15 12 __ — .. 1 — ---— 9 4 — 2 — — 34 4 2 — — 2 13 -10 -4 6 5 -1 3 -44 3 5 .. 3 — -— -23 -— 98 ~ 47 22 15 14 3 18 2 14 17 — -4 7 24 8 1 __ 1 — — .. 1 — — 2 13 1 13 5 — — — 5 4 3 1 __ 2 3 -- 1 --4 2 5 2 -- — — — — — 13 — — -- 60 20 109 31 2 — — 2 — -27 13 1 3 3 — — 9 — 2 — — 6 — — 4 1 6 -1 — — -- — — .. — -1 — -49 7 3 21 2 — — 15 6 5 _ — — -— 25 — -— 3 1 2 — — — "" 54 35 76 33 4 3 — 29 5 — — 1 3 5 Middle West.................. Illinois................... Indiana.................... Iowa................. . Kansas........ ............. Michigan. ...... .......... . M i n n e s o t a . ....... Missouri ..•••.......... Nebraska.• North Dakota............. . Ohio....................... South Dakota............... . Wisconsin.••••••••••••••••••. South................ . Alabama. ................... Arkansas Delaware................. . Florida...••••••••••••••••••. Georgia.................. . Kentucky. •••••......... Louisiana-,....... . Maryland. Mississippi................. North Carolina.........•••••• Oklahoma..................... South Carolina............. Tennessee............ ....•••• Texas.•••••••••••••••••...••• Virginia............ ....... West Virginia.... .......... Far West.......... . Alaska•••••••••••••••••••.•• • Arizona.................... California................ Colorado. ......... •••••••.•• Hawaii•••••••.... . Idaho.•••••••••••••••••••••• • Montana.•••••••••••••••••••.. Nevada........ ............. New Mexico.• Oregon. ..................... Utah....................... Washington................. Wyoming........... ••••••••• 6 16 — Ill 7 11 220 4 — -9 — 25 80 21 10 27 7 2 — 24 6 5 231 9 5 — 53 31 7 10 8 31 41 26 2 8 — — — — — --— — — -— — — -— — — — -— -— -33 4 1 1 11 --— .... — -1 4 2 — 19 18 -— 3 6 — — — — -- 1 1 5 2 6 4 — 24 — — — 1 15 2 6 2 -- 2 9 2 10 — 9 — — — 1 13 5 — 8 36 Table A-ll* Engineers in health and welfare agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 State Total,. ............. . All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other 1,257 19 183 380 639 36 373 3 34 90 240 6 9 14 39 13 55 122 1069 6 .. 1 -1 1 — _ — 4 15 2 2 3 4 1 3 8 8 19 6 35 7 2 4 1 2 4 5 17 106 100 4 2 1 .. — -— 5 — .. — . Middle West................. . 326 — 46 103 149 28 Illinois...... .......... . Indiana. ....... ...... ..... Iowa....................... Kansas.................. . Michigan.......... ........ Minnesota.............. ...., Missouri,.,••••••••......... Nebraska....... North Dakota.............. . Ohio....................... South Dakota................ Wisconsin..... ........ .. 45 38 24 20 58 25 20 5 8 44 7 32 _ •• -— — — — — — — — ~ 6 7 2 — 9 2 3 1 1 6 1 8 23 19 20 16 — — 13 1 -1 .. 10 16 4 2 4 29 23 4 3 7 37 6 14 8 — — 20 — — — — — -— South.................. •••••• 329 7 67 126 127 2 Alabama.••••••••........... Arkansas.................... Delaware..••••••••.......... Florida........... .......... Georgia........ ............ Kentucky..••••............. Louisiana................ .. Maryland................ . Mississippi................ North Carolina............. Oklahoma..... ..... ........ South Carolina.............. Tennessee.•••••••••.... . Texas...................... Virginia................... West Virginia............. . 19 9 4 44 14 27 12 29 7 28 14 16 24 63 16 3 3 — -4 — -— — — -— — --— -- 6 4 — 5 5 7 4 5 — 4 1 6 5 15 — ~ 4 — — 28 8 9 6 24 — 11 4 3 — 12 15 2 6 5 4 5 1 11 2 — 7 13 9 7 19 36 1 1 — -— — — Far W est................ •••.. 229 9 36 61 123 -- 6 10 120 10 9 5 7 4 6 23 4 21 4 4 5 — — — — — — — -— 1 15 2 3 1 2 1 2 5 2 2 -38 7 -4 4 — 2 — 1 1 4 Northeast............... ••••• Connect 1cut •••••••••••..... . Maine,............... . Massachusetts..••••••••.••••• New Hampshire,............. New Jersey................. New York,....... ......... . Pennsylvania.... ........ .., Rhode I s l a n d . , Vermont. ••••••••.... ..... .. Alaska...................... Arizona.................... California.......... ...... . C o l o r a d o . ........... Hawaii...................... Idaho............. ...... . Montana. .......... ......... Nevada.••••••••••••••••••••• • New Mexico.••••••••••.••.... Oregon..................... Utah....................... Washington.............. . Wyoming.................... _ .. 6 5 62 1 6 1 3 2 18 1 18 ■” „ — .. 2 — — — — — -- .. — — -— — — -— -- - 37 Table A-12. Engineers in agriculture and conservation agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 State All functions Total,.................. 854 245 Northeast, ............ . Connecticut,...... ......... Maine,..................... Massachusetts..... . New Hampshire,............. . New Jersey,.......... . New York,................... Pennsylvania,..... ...... . Rhode Island,..,,......... Vermont,............... .. 1 10 6 1 56 67 102 1 1 Middle West,.......... *...... 171 Illinois................... Indiana.................... Iowa....................... Kansas,..................... Michigan. ................ . Minnesota,................. Missouri. ........ ........ . Nebraska........ ......... . North Dakota............... . Ohio....................... South Dakota••••........... Wisconsin.................. 8 8 10 27 17 39 8 10 3 13 3 25 South. •••••••.••..... . • Alabama,.................... Arkansas,,............... .. Delaware................... Florida,....... ............ Georgia, ...... ............. Kentucky,.••••••.•••••...... Louisiana, Maryland,................... Mississippi. ......... . North Carolina.... ........ . Oklahoma. ............ ...... South Carolina,•••••.... •••• Tennessee,........... Texas...................... Virginia.................... West Virginia............... Far West..... .......... . Alaska,. ••••..........•••••• Ar izona ............ ........ California............... . Colorado.................... Hawaii................. ••••• Idaho........ ............. Montana,................... Nevada,............ ....... New Mexico,•••....... ...... Oregon,.................... Utah................... . Washington. Wyoming, ..... •••••••....... Operations and services Planning Inspection 28 248 122 425 31 6 59 28 150 2 1 1 3 «... 5 2 1 .. 16 35 _« — — Research 3 1 3 Other '1 .. 1 — 56 41 48 1 — — 55 12 78 20 mm 1 -__ 8 — — .. .. 1 .. 2 2 __ — 18 4 25 2 8 .. 6 3 10 4 1 9 1 -- — 2 6 1 2 5 14 6 2 __ 6 — 11 .. -3 — -2 140 11 49 21 56 3 8 2 2 5 5 11 28 6 3 44 3 — 5 4 9 5 1 _ «... 4 — — — — -2 — -_ — 4 — 3 _ 1 .. 2 6 6 — -22 1 .. 2 1 2 3 2 -__ — 1 4 12 -— 2 — — .. — -— 2 2 1 1 2 1 9 4 3 18 2 3 3 3 2 — -1 2 — .. — — -— — — 5 85 61 141 6 «.. 3 __ 46 2 __ __ __ 2 3 5 1 21 2 3 1 43 2 __ 2 «... 5 11 48 3 6 298 11 12 137 13 .. 4* 1 13 12 26 3 61 5 — 6 __ — 6 .. .. — -_ __ __ __ __ 3 2 — — — 9 16 7 3 — 2 1 11 2 15 2 38 3 .. 1 -- — .. -- - 38 Table A-13. Occupation Engineers in all agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962 A ll fu n ction s Research Planning Inspection Operations and se r v ice s Other Number employed E ngineers............... . .......................... 33,99U 769 8,810 6,21*6 15,989 2,180 C i v i l ................................................ O t h e r .............................................. 30,01)7 3,91)7 607 162 7,961) 81)6 5,268 978 11), 518 1,1)71 1,690 1)90 1)7.0 6.1* 1*8. 1* 5 .6 12.1) Percent d is tr ib u tio n Engineers............................................ 100.0 2.3 25.9 18. 1) C i v i l ................................................ Other................................................ 100.0 100.0 2 .0 l*.l 26.5 21.1) 17 .5 21).8 Table A -ll*. Occupation 37.3 Engineers in highway ag en cies, by primary fu n ction and occu pa tion , January 1962 A ll fu n ctio n s Research Planning In spection Operations and s e r v ice s Other Number employed Engineers...................................... C i v i l ................................................ Other..................... ........................ .. 30,01*8 650 7,911) 5,229 11), 317 1,938 27,878 2,170 5Uo 110 7,391) 520 1),81)7 382 13,506 811 1,591 3U7 Percent d is tr ib u tio n E n gin eers......................................... 100.0 2.2 26,3 17.U U7.6 6.1* C i v i l ........................... .................. Other....................................... .. 100.0 100.0 1 .9 5 .1 26.5 2l*.0 17.1) 17 .6 U8.5 37.1* 5 .7 16.0 39 Table A-15. Engineers in public works agencies (except highway), by primary function and occupation, January 1962 AU functions Occupation Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed ....... 727 34 216 106 267 104 Civil................... . Other...... ................. 489 238 30 4 165 51 57 49 195 72 42 62 Engineers..• Percent distribution Engineers................ ••••• 100.0 4.7 29.7 14.6 36.7 14.3 Civil..,.,.................. Other.................••••••• 100.0 100.0 6.1 1.7 33.7 21.4 11.7 20.6 39.9 30.3 8.6 26.1 Table A-16. Engineers in health and welfare agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962 Occupation All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed Engineers....... ............. . 1,257 19 183 380 639 36 Civil....................... Other ...... . 873 384 12 7 146 37 263 117 424 215 28 8 __________ 1 Percent distribution Engineers...................... 100.0 1.5 14.6 30.2 50,8 2.9 Civil...... .............. . Other...... . 100.0 100.0 1.4 1.8 16.7 9.6 30.1 30.5 48.6 56.0 3.2 2.1 40 Table A-17, Engineers in agriculture and conservation agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962 Occupation All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed Engineers..................... 854 28 248 122 425 31 Civil....................... Other,.......... ........... . 502 352 8 20 157 91 38 84 290 135 9 22 Percent distribution Engineers..... •••••••......... 100.0 3.3 29.0 14.3 49.8 3.6 Civil....,............. . Other....................... 100.0 100.0 1.6 5.7 31.3 25.9 7.6 23.9 57.7 38.3 1.8 6.2 41 Table A -18. Scientists in all agencies, by type of agency and State, January 1962 Highway and public works All agencies Total 14,035 825 Northeast,•••••.... 2,787 Connecticut..•••. Maine.......... Massachusetts.••• New Hampshire.... New Jersey.•••••• New York....... Pennsylvania.•••• Rhode Island..... Vermont.......... Health and welfare Agriculture and conservation Public works Total 730 95 4,986 3,836 825 325 7,447 2,027 2,439 2,981 777 120 116 4 1,436 974 348 114 981 190 256 535 250 190 207 504 50 288 788 564 95 101 12 5 — 3 2 32 65 .. 1 12 5 __ 3 2 32 62 .. — — _ -— — 3 .. 1 113 57 384 14 206 380 157 66 59 57 37 205 14 107 377 86 56 35 52 20 174 — 17 __ 71 10 4 4 _ 5 — 82 3 — __ 20 58 145 112 30 69 214 286 29 38 47 19 21 44 — 43 11 5 58 32 .. 2 17 11 117 13 6 66 93 7 8 203 126 5 27 7 -8 3 11 162 56 __ 3 2,735 198 182 16 853 639 175 39 1,451 232 462 757 233 Illinois......... Indiana.......... Iowa......... . Kansas........... Michigan......... Minnesota........ Missouri........ Nebraska. ..... . North Dakota..... Ohio.......... . South Dakota..... Wisconsin...... 347 219 67 164 487 415 192 83 145 326 67 223 31 7 6 52 24 8 30 7 7 12 4 10 28 7 52 21 8 30 7 6 11 2 10 3 — 6 _ 3 .. -.. 1 1 2 — 122 140 9 39 121 95 39 27 45 159 9 48 109 109 9 39 108 48 38 15 44 67 9 44 27 __ _ 13 30 .. 12 1 92 — — 17 — _ __ — 78 46 32 19 -40 — 11 — 29 ,26 92 68 33 4 60 62 8 69 23 64 20 44 243 156 23 4 14 85 6 75 143 8 3 3 7 10 21 9 -4 51 64 49 70 335 302 102 40 93 147 54 144 South. ...... •••••• 3,890 240 188 52 1,478 1,280 74 124 2,014 475 802 | 737 158 192 131 39 495 129 224 110 215 292 265 67 153 278 594 582 124 15 12 — 6 2 12 9 — 59 31 6 2 15 23 33 15 15 12 -4 2 12 9 — 59 14 6 2 15 -26 12 __ — — 2 — --— — 17 0 — -23 7 3 67 10 16 190 63 108 21 166 7 91 33 44 148 343 170 1 65 10 13 188 57 78 21 123 7 91 25 27 146 258 170 1 2 — 3 1 — 6 — 43 -— — 17 2 -— 1 6 24 — — — -8 — — 85 — — 99 107 23 282 43 95 75 42' 199 131 24 94 115 207 375 103 22 17 6 34 20 27 57 6 10 39 -16 36 98 42 45 26 55 i 10 1 143 18 -5 — 60 86 8 29 33 100 224 5 51 35 7 105 5 68 13 36 129 6 16 49 46 9 109 53 11 2 -17 21 9 5 7 27 12 4 13 -21 4 5 4,623 267 244 23 1,219 943 228 48 919 952 136 143 134 1,888 143 434 344 131 93 131 496 180 404 102 15 6 136 8 9 10 1 -8 29 36 — 9 15 6 136 _ 8 10 _ 12 48 559 29 290 37 16 23 52 52 20 73 8 11 48 364 29 256 30 16 14 46 50 20 55 4 1 .. 177 23 327 76 96 201 52 15 27 38 __ 34 30 18 7 494 1 14 27 18 9 4 162 2 191 5 1 5 53 1 5 — 2 3 4 61 -1 — State Total....... Middle West..••••••• Alabama.......... Arkansas..••••••• Delaware......... Florida........ Georgia.......... Kentucky......... Louisiana...... Maryland.... . Mississippi*.•... North Carolina... Oklahoma..••••••• South Carolina... Tennessee• Texas.......... Virginia...... . West Virginia.... Far West......... Alaska....... . • Arizona......... California..... Colorado....... Hawaii....... Idaho.......... Montana........ Nevada......... New Mexico. ..... Oregon..••••••••• Utah.......... . Washington...... Wyoming.......... Highway 8 26 26 -9 — — 8 1 . 1 — — 3 10 -— Physical Mental health health Welfare 13 4_ -17 1 _ _ — .. 18 __ — _ 34 7 .. 9 — .. — — • .. 6 2 — 13 4 Total Fish and game ' 3,001 1,130 115 75 1,140 105 130 297 112 67 67 354 124 330 85 97 45 319 28 20 69 42 43 36 154 122 105 50 Agri Natural re culture sources j 1 1 ; , 1 !• Other agencies 8 -21 - 42 Table A-19. Scientists in all agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 Geologists All Chemists and geo scientists physicists State Agricul tural Biological Mathema Medical ticians scientists scienists scientists Other Psychol ogists scientists Total........ 14,035 1,381 898 448 1,930 4,073 4,514 517 274 Northeast........... 2,787 325 93 125 515 648 812 189 80 Connecticut...... Ma ine............. Massachusetts.... New Hampshire.... New Jersey........ New Yor k.......... Pennsylvania..... Rhode Island..... Vermont........... 190 207 504 50 288 788 564 95 101 21 10 42 11 17 171 43 5 5 5 31 1 26 215 6 124 42 66 12 23 58 69 91 9 32 103 233 5 48 74 60 78 23 78 348 65 69 17 24 5 68 2 1 -7 28 22 --- 5 5 10 1 19 66 16 3 -- 8 10 67 1 6 3 20 52 -2 Middle W e s t ......... 2,735 327 311 113 257 695 882 77 73 Illinois.......... Indiana........... Iowa.............. Kans a s ............ Michigan.......... Minnesota......... Missouri.......... Nebraska.......... North Dakota..... Ohio.............. South Da k o t a ..... Wisconsin......... 347 219 67 164 487 415 192 83 145 326 67 223 63 16 11 38 70 32 21 9 13 24 28 4 1 2 16 10 9 3 30 69 7 9 71 49 5 46 4 21 20 9 1 24 17 36 5 6 -30 22 16 9 87 2 27 22 29 12 20 142 188 31 6 59 96 8 82 145 75 19 15 202 111 59 40 38 79 47 52 — — 16 __ 13 7 36 1 4 5 4 3 39 10 12 1 3 3 1 -- 7 1 -86 3,890 430 220 93 619 1,161 1,105 176 Alabama........... Arkansas.......... Delaware.......... Florida........... Georgia..... . Kentucky.......... Louisiana......... Maryland.......... Mississippi...... North Carolina.... Oklahoma.......... South Carolina.... Tennessee......... Te x a s ............. Virginia.......... West Virginia.... 192 131 39 495 129 224 110 215 292 265 67 153 278 594 582 124 24 14 -75 29 24 18 24 16 53 18 17 20 23 62 13 21 3 4 16 4 7 21 2 11 19 19 8 16 26 28 15 5 6 1 6 4 2 -10 3 16 2 3 8 15 10 2 8 1 6 16 40 47 6 65 15 24 6 28 66 176 115 -- 58 83 13 168 2 80 5 35 161 51 -41 47 114 259 46 74 21 13 152 43 52 55 68 35 90 13 29 118 190 105 47 1 57 5 7 5 9 -4 9 26 1 50 -- 2 51 8 -1 2 __ 3 1 Far W e s t ............ 4,623 299 274 117 539 1,569 1,715 75 35 Alaska............ Arizona........... California. ...... Colorado.......... Hawaii............ Idaho............. Montana........... Nevada............ New Mexico........ Oregon............ U t a h.............. Washington........ Wyoming........... 143 134 1,888 143 434 344 131 93 131 496 180 404 102 6 6 199 15 -3 8 6 7 24 5 17 3 15 6 149 1 1 8 2 2 12 24 28 14 12 2 3 49 7 12 3 3 1 4 20 8 4 1 6 24 242 3 147 16 5 8 20 22 7 37 2 13 24 641 68 70 212 63 20 27 208 101 63 580 41 178 98 49 49 56 181 132 133 54 7 16 __ 26 4 1 7 4 4 __ 5 1 1 12 8 __ -- South.... .......... L 194 29 3 1 5 4 5 1 13 __ -'' - 43 Table A -20. Scientists in highway and public works agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 All scientists Chemists Geologists and geophysicists 825 225 Northeast.............. ................... . 120 Connecticut............. ............ ..... Maine.......................... .......... Massachusetts..... ........................ New hampshire.............................. New. Jersey...... ............... ........... New Y o r k . . . ... ...... ............ . Pennsylvania............. ............•••••• Rhode Island............................... Vermont........ ............. ........ ••.... 12 5 — 3 2 32 65 — 1 Middle West... ......... .......... ......... . State Total............................... Mathematicians Other scientists 382 99 119 29 23 23 H5 7 — — 2 — 10 9 1 5 5 — — — 12 1 — — — — 1 1 10 11 — ~ __ — — — 1 — HU — — 198 9ii 80 17 7 31 7 6 £2 3 2 — 30 15 — 10 3 7 6 3 1 2 — — — 2 ~ 9 — — — — b -1 — 1 — — — 1 — Illinois.................................. Indiana........... .......... ••••••..... . Iowa....................... ......... ..... Kansas......... ........................... Michigan. ••••..... ••••••••••.... ........... Minnesota......................... ....... Missouri.......................... ........ Nebraska.................................. North Dakota........... ............ ...... Ohio..................................... South Dakota.............................. Wisconsin................................. 8 30 7 7 12 U 10 26 5 2 22 6 8 10 U — 6 — 5 South........ .............................. 2H0 79 85 19 57 Alabama.................. ................. Arkansas.. ................................. Delaware.............................. . Florida................................... Georgia................................... Kentucky.................................. Louisiana....... ........... ........ ...... Maryland................................. . Mississippi. •••••.••........... ............ North Carolina............................. Oklahoma. ..................... ........... . South Carolina....... ..................... . Tennessee...................... .......... . Texas.................................... Virginia.................................. West Virginia. ................. ........... 15 6 1 — 3 2 6 2 — 6 19 2 U 3 — 3 — 5 7 — 2 12 5 5 — — — 1— — — — _ 3 — — — — — — 51 — — — — — 12 — 10 10 3 22 15 5 2 — 1 5 -- — — — 3 -- Far West....... ...... ..................... 267 23 19k Ho 10 Alaska...... ........... ................. Arizona................. ............... . California.............. ...... ........... Colorado........... ...................... Hawaii......................... ........... Idaho......... ........ .................. Montana............ ......... ......... . Nevada.... .............................. . New Mexico....................... ......... Oregon.................................. . Utah..................................... Washington. ................... ............ Wyoming..................... ........ ...... 15 6 136 8 9 10 1 2 2 7 13 3 113 _ — 15 _ 1 1 8 2h 12 — 6 2 12 9 — 59 31 6 2 15 23 33 15 — 8 29 36 — 0 1 — — — 9 2 — — 9 k — — 1 8 1 — 8 13 26 — 8 8 1 — — — — k — — — — — 7 8 — — — — 1 44 Table A -21, State Scientists in health and welfare agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 A ll s c ie n tis ts Chemists Mathema tic ia n s M edical s c ie n tis ts A gricu l tu ra l s c ie n tis ts B io lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts Psychol o g ists Other s c ie n tis ts T o ta l................................ U ,986 632 151 1 ,8 2 3 79 1 ,7 6 0 U58 83 N ortheast....................................... .. l,li3 6 230 28 50U Uo U7U 150 10 C onnecticut................................ Maine................................ .. M assachusetts............................ Hew Hampshire............................ New J e r s e y ................................ New York...................................... Pennsylvania.............................. Rhode I s la n d ........................ Vermont......................................... 113 57 38U 1U 206 380 157 66 59 Hi 10 36 7 12 128 Hi 5 U 5 26 10 — — 3 — 213 5 12I4 35 65 12 23 7U 11 5U — — — 2 8 — — 15 Uo 197 UO U5 11 2U 5 68 — 8 — 38 1 6 — Middle W est..................................... 853 99 51 2i0i 10 33U 71 UU 122 IliO 9 39 121 95 39 27 15 159 9 U8 10 11 — 6 38 1 3 3 13 11 ... 19 2 — 2 6 7 — — 3 12 — 3 17 36 U 6 — 2U 22 13 7 87 2 26 3 1 2 — 1 — — 1 1 — 1 76 U2 U 1U 72 25 13 6 19 UU 7 12 South................ ............................ .... 1,U 78 125 31 578 2U Alabama......................................... Arkansas....................................... D elaw are...................................... F lo rid a ......................................... G eorgia......................................... Kentucky................................ L o u isia n a .,....................... .. M aryland..................................... M ississip p i................................ North C arolina. Oklahoma....................................... South C a ro lin a .•••••••.••• T ennessee.• • • • • .................... T e x a s............................................ V irg in ia ....................................... West V irg in ia ............................ 67 10 U 5 — 11 11 „ — — 6 — 1 2 — 8 6 U — 8 1 6 16 Uo U7 6 65 — 2ii 6 9 59 176 115 — iil 1»97 I ll i n o i s ....................................... Indiana......................................... Iowa................ ......................... .. Kansas.............. ...................... M ichigan..................................... M in n e s o ta .................. ............... M issouri.................................. .... Nebraska......... ...................... North Dakota. Ohio....................... ................. .. South Dakota.............................. 16 190 63 108 21 166 7 91 33 UU 1U8 3U3 170 1 16 8 22 7 7 3 6 8 12 U 1 Far W est........................................... 1 ,2 1 9 178 A laska........................................... A rizo n a ................................... C a lifo r n ia ••••••..................... Colorado....................................... H aw aii.......................................... Id a h o ............. ............................... Montana.................................... .. Nevada....................................... New M exico.................................. Oregon.............. .......................... .. Utah................................................ W ashington.................................. Wyoming.................................... .... 12 U8 559 29 290 37 16 23 52 52 &) 73 8 1 U 135 11 ~ 1 2 3 5 7 3 6 —* 1 10 — — — 1 — 2 1 2 27 2 — 2 — — u u — — 6 2li 205 3 Hi6 Hi 5 8 20 20 7 37 2 — 3 — 10 12 — — 2 mm— 13 — — 5 36 1 U 5 U — _ 33 — 9 — 1 — 1 — — — 3 — 537 16U 19 1 — 1 — — 2 9 — — 53 U 7 100 6 2U 2 61 — 50 13 12 68 90 U7 — 2 — 1 57 U 6 5 9 — U 9 1 50 — — "u — 2 — u — 1 2 — — — 5 105 73 10 1 — 10 — 16 _ — 1 5 5 3 — — — — — 2 — — 11 16U 7 . 16 13 9 — — 118 26 — 16 8 5 16 19 10 U 1 7 U 2 25 5 — 5 1 — — 1 — 45 Table A-22, Scientists in agriculture and conservation agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 State All scientists Chemists Geologists and geo physicists Mathema ticians Medical scientists Agricul tural scientists Biological scientists Other scientists Total............. T,hli7 387 1*11 1*0 36 3,922 2,636 15 Northeast............. ..... 981 18 51* 1 ,T„ 600 306 2 Connecticut............. . Maine................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire........ . New Jersey............... New York................. Pennsylvania............. . Rhode Island............. Vermont.................. 112 30 69 211* 286 29 38 — — — 1 9 8 — — 26 — — 7 — 21 — — — — — 1 — — _ — — — — — — — _ — 58 69 88 9 22 85 233 5 31 1*9 21* 21 38 120 21* 21* 6 1 _ _ _ — _ _ 1 103 11*7 12 8 679 1*95 7 — — _ — 6 — — 2 — — — 22 26 11 18 11*2 187 31 3 58 95 8 78 17 33 15 1 130 86 1*6 31* 19 31* 1*0 L*0 58 Middle West................ . Illinois................. Indiana.......... ••••.... Iowa.................... Kansas-................... Michigan................. Minnesota........... ...•• Missouri................ . Nebraska................. North Dakota... ......... Ohio.................... South Dakota......... . Wisconsin................ South •••..•••..... ........ Alabama.................. Arkansas............... . Delaware................. Florida... .............. Georgia................. . Kentucky................. Louisiana................ Maryland..... ........... Mississippi.......... ••••• North Carolina............ Oklahoma................. South Carolina............ Tennessee. •••••..... . Texas................... Virginia................. West Virginia............ Far West........ .......... Alaska................... Arizona.................. California............... Colorado................. Hawaii................... Idaho.... ............... Montana......... ........ Nevada............ ....... New Mexico......... ...... Oregon................... Utah.................... Washington............... Wyoming.................. 51 61* 1*9 70 335 302 102 1*0 93 11*7 51* 11*1* ?,om 99 107 23 282 1*3 95 75 1*2 199 131 21* 91* 115 207 375 103 3,001 115 75 1,11*0 105 130 297 112 67 67 35U 121* 330 85 12 — 9 10 25 17 5 2 — 1* — 19 5 9 1*1 31* 5 18 1 n* n* 6 ~ 1 — — — — ... 7 186 131 11 26 1,121 538 1 n* 7 — 57 13 — 3 — — 25 9 10 — 3 1*5 — 17 — 1* 12 3 — 11* 2 9 7 15 8 13 1* 13 10 „ — _ 1 — — — — 1 9 — — — — — — „ — — _ — — — — — — — 19 7 — — — 58 83 13 160 __ 69 5 33 155 5o — la 1*5 105 259 45 10 17 6 52 2-7 „ — .. 53 7 31* 1*0 — 16 50 95 58 47 80 79 16 2 1,522 1,297 13 19 637 68 70 212 63 20 21 176 — 19U 29 96 52 1*16 28 60 82 1*1 1*3 1*0 3 — 1*3 1* — 1 6 3 2 i* — 11 3 2 3 36 1 — — 1 1 1* 11 2 H* 1* — — — k 1 1 6 l* — 1 — — — — 3 —*■ __ — — — — 2 — — — — — — 26 160 122 108 1*9 _ 5 — — 2 _ — — _ — — — — — — — — — — — 1 5 — 2 — — — — — — 3 46 Table A -23, Scientists in all agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 State All functions Total.................... 14,035 2,568 1,437 2,511 6„953 566 Northeast...... ...... Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other 2,787 591 285 351 1,458 102 Connecticut.•••••••••••••••••• Maine....................... Massachusetts.•••••••••••••••• New Hampshire.............. . New Jersey. New York.... ................ Pennsylvania. •••••...... ••••• Rhode Island.................. Vermont.•••••.... . 190 207 504 50 288 788 564 95 101 19 58 45 4 33 357 59 8 8 24 22 54 8 32 83 22 16 24 82 25 57 6 15 20 98 40 8 53 99 305 31 197 320 364 29 60 12 3 43 1 11 8 21 2 1 Middle West.................. . 2,735 641 245 400 1,304 145 Illinois................... . Indiana................. .. Iowa................... Kansas...................... Michigan. Minnesota. ••••••........••••• Missouri ...... .............. Nebraska. ....... ........ . North Dakota.••••••••••••••••• Ohio........... ............ South Dakota.••••••••.••.... . Wisconsin.••••••••.••••••••••• 347 219 67 164 487 415 19? 83 145 326 67 223 145 36 3 77 95 103 43 15 18 75 19 12 27 40 6 8 51 21 28 6 8 36 3 11 35 21 15 56 88 59 24 13 22 37 5 25 128 117 37 22 164 225 94 45 97 177 40 158 12 5 6 1 89 7 3 4 .. 1 _ 17 3,890 551 494 919 1,821 105 Alabama,..*................... Arkansas. •••••...........•••• Delaware............... ••••• Florida.•••••••••••••••••••••. Georgia.................. . Kentucky........ ••••••••••••• Louisiana...... ............. Maryland. Mississippi•••••.... . North Carolina............. .. Oklahoma.••••••..... . ...... . South Carolina..............*. Tennessee.•••••••••••••••••••• Texas............... ••••••••• Virginia..... ............. . West Virginia...•••••••••••••• 192 131 39 495 129 224 110 215 292 265 67 153 278 594 582 124 38 5 12 102 11 17 31 36 13 10 20 16 35 134 41 30 22 8 3 54 33 33 1 53 28 41 6 12 27 82 80 11 41 38 5 158 33 46 4 19 59 91 11 12 1 216 182 3 84 44 18 171 42 128 73 106 189 111 30 102 208 161 278 76 7 36 1 10 10 — 1 1 3 12 — 11 7 1 1 4 Far West..................... . 4,623 785 413 841 2,370 214 A l a s k a . • Arizona...... California................. . Colorado...... ..... ....... . Hawaii.......... ............ Idaho.................... . Montana.•••••••••••••••.... . Nevada................ New Mexico.••••••••••••••••••• Oregon...................... . Utah........................ Washington. Wyoming..••••••••••••••••••••• 143 134 1,888 143 434 344 131 93 131 496 180 404 102 17 20 430 39 35 26 15 2 38 55 33 64 11 11 12 139 12 40 12 12 8 12 75 42 13 25 20 17 278 47 153 124 16 14 25 45 46 20 36 95 85 1,021 44 205 103 48 69 51 265 53 307 24 South.. — 20 1 1 79 40 5 56 6 6 47 Table A - 24. Scientists in highway and public works, agencies, by primary function and State, January 1962 State Total................. . Northeast............ ........ Connecticut................. Maine. •...................... Massachusetts................. New Hampshire............... . New Jersey..... ............. New York.......... .......... Pennsylvania......... ..... .. Rhode I s l a n d . . . Vermont........ •••••••••••••• Middle West................... Illinois...................... Indiana..................... Iowa........... Kansas.••••••.••••••••....... Michi gan.•••.....•••......... Minnesota............ ....... Missouri........... ..... . Nebraska. ........ . North Dakota.•••••••••••••.,•• Ohio........................ South Dakota.•••••••••••••.••• Wi scons in. •••••••••........ South •••••••••••••.... ...... . Alabama. ••••••........... . Arkansas. De laware •••••••••........ Florida....... Georgia. Kentucky. •••....... . Louisiana. ••••.......... Maryland. •••••••...........•• Mississippi................. North Carolina.... ....... . Oklahoma................. . South Carolina..•••••••••••••• Tennessee. ......... . Texas. Virginia. •••••••••••..... . West Virginia.•••••••••••.... Far West.......... Alaska....................... Ar izona •••••••••••..... . California.................. Colorado.••••••••••••••.•••••• Hawaii....... Idaho........................ Montana. Nevada...,..... •••••••••••••• New Mexico.......... ••••••••• Oregon...................... Utah........................ Washington. ......... ..... . Wvnmina* All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other 825 146 188 190 270 31 120 12 34 41 22 11 __ 1 2 22 9 __ •• .. 21 _ 1 _ 11 32 12 5 .. 3 2 32 65 .. 1 — 10 .. -- -- 12 5 __ — -10 14 ... ~ 198 69 10 80 31 3 __ 52 24 8 30 7 7 12 4 10 2 _ _ 31 21 1 — __ _ 11 2 1 -— 26 ... .. 21 2 7 10 7 6 — 1 — 240 38 57 15 12 — __ 7 6 __ __ 2 .. 1 .. 5 __ 1 7 .. .. — 15 .. — 7 6 .. .. .. _ _ 1 9 __ 1 -— 35 105 5 6 3 — 3 -11 — -- __ 1 _ 1 — — -- __ 1 — ---- 2 12 9 — 59 31 6 2 15 23 33 15 — -.. 6 .. 15 4 2 — 9 7 .. 2 -1 --16 1 — -— 2 19 -- 267 27 87 1 4 3 1 __ -69 2 7 -1 — — — — -- — — — — -- 1 15 18 9 1 5 — 5 — -- 6 15 6 136 8 9 10 1 — — .. 2 -9 ~ — — 8 29 36 — 9 8 2 6 — 2 7 1 -— — — -- 5 — — — -5 2 43 25 -2 — 17 7 9 ----— 4 34 111 8 15 — .. — _« 5 63 2 — .. -— 1 1 9 -- — 1 — 2 — 48 Table A - 25* Scientists in health All functions State and welfare agencies, Research by primary Inspection 669 1,102 587 1.U36 388 12U Connecticut*............. ... Maine*..................... Massachusetts............... New Hampshire............... New Jersey.................. New York................... Pennsylvania................ Rhode Island............... * Vermont.............. ....... 113 57 381i lU 206 380 157 66 59 15 1 30 — 31 283 25 — 3 6 7 U3 6 25 3 8 8 18 Middle West................... 853 195 119 122 mo 9 39 121 95 39 27 U5 159 9 U8 m 26 — 2 21 52 — 12 6 58 3 1 1.U78 67 10 16 190 63 108 21 166 7 91 33 Northeast............. ..... . Illinois................... Indiana.................... Iowa........ ............... Kansas..................... Michigan....... ............ Minnesota,................. . Missouri................... Nebraska*...... ............ * North Dakota* **.i............. * Ohio....................... South Dakota................ Wisconsin*...... ........... South..................... . Alabama. ........... ........ Arkansas......... *......... Delaware......... *........ * Florida.................... Georgia.................... Kentucky..... .......... ...* Louisiana..... .......... . Maryland...... ........ ..... Mississippi..........*...... North Carolina.•••••........ . Oklahoma.................... South Carolina........... . Tennessee*........... ..... . Texas........ .............. Virginia*................... West Virginia.... ......... * Far West......... ............ ' — 13 3 17 k 51 6 10 — — 39 1 U6 U7 219 2 131 9U 12U 17 37 9 2 ai — 9 — — 2 — 70 37U 95 2 13 5 31 — 1 3 2 10 89 70 — 6 „ 250 299 13 — 3 62 3 6 1,219 3U3 7 300 2 7 10 — — 7 — — 10 — — 38 18 9 29 78 a 33 725 hh Ill 22 1 10 12 57 26 U3 16 69 7 10 25 30 119 131 126 — 9h wmwm 156 613 5 22 7 U2 — 1 — 1x9 12 19 26 — 51 — 2U 6 U 18 62 22 — 15 35 3 15 — U5 — 2 — mmmm' h 18 8 U 3 11 m 5 — — — 81 — • ■ Other 63 176 k Operations and services 1962 717 1 2 ms 3U3 170 1 12 U8 559 29 290 37 16 23 52 52 20 73 8 Alaska*..................... Arizona...... ••••••........ California............ ...... Colorado.................... Hawaii......... ......... . Idaho*............... . Montana..................... Nevada*.................... ... New Mexico..................... .............................................. Oregon.................................................................................. Utah......................................................................................... Washington.................. .................................................. Wyoming............... * .................................... h January 199 37 1726 State, 2,h29 23 1 11 1 30 — 3 2 8 9 38 — — hh and Planning a,986 Total.................. function 1 6 1 9 1 U a 12 29 195 23 isa 16 11 ia 33 2lx 13 59 — 5 _ 87 1 1 — — -... 1 28 a — — 10 — — 1 1 9 — — — 2 1 — — 13 . . . . — 3 . . — — 1 — a 4 9 Table A -26. Scientists in agriculture All functions State Total................ Northeast.............. . Connecticut........ ........ Maine...................... Massachusetts.............. New Hampshire....... ...... . New Jersey................. New York.... .............. Pennsylvania......... ...... Rhode Island... ........... Vermont................... Middle West.................. Illinois................... Indiana.... ............... Iowa....................... Kansas.............. ...... Michigan................... Minnesota.............. . Missouri.. ...... ........... Nebraska................... North Dakota............... Ohio...................... South Dakota............... Wisconsin.................. South......... ..... .. Alabama............. ...... Arkansas......... ......... Delaware................... Florida.................... Georgia......... . Kentucky................. . Louisiana.................. Maryland.................. Mississippi........... ..... North Carolina.............. Oklahoma...... . South Carolina.... ........ Tennessee.................. Texas..... ................ Virginia.................. West Virginia.......... Far West.... ..... .......... Alaska... ...... ........ Arizona.................... California............ ..... Colorado....... ......... . Hawaii.................... Idaho..................... Montana...... ••••••........ Nevada........... ........ New Mexico................. . Oregon........ ...... ..... . Utah...................... Washington............... . Wyoming.................... • and conservation Research agencies, by primary function and State, January Planning Inspection Operations and services Other 5U1 1,5m U,008 263 7,1*1*7 l,09U 981 139 75 lUo 617 58 1U5 112 30 69 21U 286 29 38 „ 18 15 10 1 U 8 5 8 6 33 20 2 U 52 85 27 62 17U 182 12 19 57 13 1 2 30 23 8 5 1962 — — 1 76 1 7 __ _ 10 3 1 2 1 1 1 — __ 1 105 237 857 18 U 13 2 6 37 15 5 1 7 13 2 7 8 9 U 85 UU n — 36 3 22 29 33 35 16 162 187 5U 3U 68 92 35 112 — 6 — 1 — — — — 333 1U2 553 91*3 U3 99 107 23 282 U3 95 75 U2 199 131 2U 9U 115 207 375 103 25 5 9 39 5 13 21 6 13 7 12 8 11 90 39 30 7 1 3 29 7 U 1 2 5 9 — 8 9 10 39 8 25 35 U ioU 16 — 1 — 52 Ul 9 10 1 103 152 — Uo 31 6 no 15 78 52 3U 129 . 7U 3 68 89 U 1U5 6f> 3,001 388 219 611 1,591 U5 75 1,1U0 105 130 297 112 67 67 35U 12U 330 85 17 12 123 33 23 16 15 — 23 36 27 5U 11 7 Ul 6 1U U 6 5 1 51 36 12 25 5 10 198 U7 72 123 15 7 2U 3U 30 82 U6 758 19 21 78 36 55 1U 18U 31 2U8 19 1,1*51 23U 51 6U U9 70 335 302 102 Uo 93 1U7 5U mu 10 3 UU 51 50 3U — 12 6 1U 10 2,01U 9 9 k 6 16 30 — — — * 2 35 1 — — — — — — — — — 5 — — — 192 — 20 — — 76 Uo — 5 U9 — — 2 50 Table A -27. S cientists in all agencies, All functions Occupation by p r imary funct i o n a n d occupation, J a n u a r y 1962 Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed Scientists........... ........ . Chemists........ ....... ...... Geologists and geophysicists..... Mathematicians................. Medical scientists............. Agricultural scientists.• Biological scientists.♦•••••••••• Psychologists.................. Other scientists............. . 14,035 2,568 1,437 2,511 6,953 566 1,381 898 448 1,930 4,073 4,514 517 274 318 334 128 282 91 1,256 111 48 61 138 115 374 233 415 46 55 519 90 13 179 1,037 644 3 26 437 316 153 1,037 2,539 2,033 327 111 46 20 39 58 173 166 30 34 Percent distribution Scienti sts..................... . 100.0 18.3 10.2 17.9 49.6 4.0 Chemists.................. ••••• Geologists and geophysicists.... Mathematicians........ . Medical scientists........ .. Agricultural scientists........ Biological scientists.••••••••••• Psychologists................. Other scientists............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 23.0 37.2 28.6 14.6 2.2 27.8 21.5 17.5 4.4 15.4 25.7 19.4 5.7 9.2 8.9 20.1 37.7 10.0 2.9 9.3 25.5 14.3 .6 9.5 31.6 35.2 34.1 53.7 62,4 45.0 63.2 40.5 3.3 2.2 8.7 3.0 4.2 3.7 5.8 12.4 Table A-28. Scientists in highway agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962 Occupation All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed Scientists...... ............. . Chemists...... ..... ...... . Geologists and geophysicists.••.• Mathematicians..... .......... . Other scientists............... 730 136 174 186 212 22 199 336 94 101 38 80 8 10 2 87 63 22 124 56 6 — 35 105 14 58 «« 8 3 11 Percent distribution Scientists......... ............ Chemists...... .......... . Geologists and geophysicists.... Mathematicians.••.•••••••...... Other scientists. 100.0 18.6 23.8 25.5 29.1 3.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.1 23.8 8.5 9.9 1.0 25.9 67.0 21.8 62.3 16.7 6.4 — 17.6 31.2 14.9 57.4 2.4 3.2 10.9 51 Table A-29. Scientists in p u b l i c w o r k s a g e n c i e s All functions Occupation (except highway), Research by primary Planning function and occupation, .Inspection Operations and services January 1962 Other Number emp]Loyed Scientists................... Chemists* •• ............... .. Geologists and geophysicists. Mathematicians.............. Other scientists....... . 95 10 14 4 58 9 26 46 5 18 6 1 3 11 1 2 1 2 __ 1 22 26 3 7 3 1 .. 5 Percent disstribution .. Scientists.................... 100.0 5.3 39.9 5,3 46.1 3.4 Chemists................... Geologists and geophysicists. Mathematicians. •••••....... Other scientists............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.3 3.3 21.1 45.0 86.7 10.5 25.6 1.2 -5.3 67.4 47.9 10.0 36.8 7.0 .6 Table A-30. — 26.3 Scientists in health and welfare agencies, by primary function and occupation, January 1962 Occupation All functions Research Planning Inspection Operations and services Other Number employed Scientists.................... 4,986 1,102 587 669 2,429 199 Chemists. ••••••••...... ••••• Mathematicians...... . Medical scientists.. Agricultural scientists..... Biological scientists.••••••• Psychologists.............. Other scientists............ 632 151 1,823 79 1,760 458 83 233 60 277 6 395 107 24 31 23 354 14 108 44 13 113 147 11 377 220 58 994 47 796 291 23 35 10 51 1 84 16 2 — — 21 Percent distribution Scientists...... .......... . Chemists................. . Mathematicians.......••••••• Medical scientists......... . Agricultural scientists..... Biological scientists........ Psychologists......«•»••••... Other scientists.•••••••••••• 10Q.0 22.1 11.8 13.4 48.7 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.9 39.8 15.2 7.6 22.4 23.4 28.9 4.9 15.2 19.4 17.7 6.1 9.6 15.7 17.9 — 8.1 13.9 21.4 34.8 38.4 54.5 59.5 45.3 63.5 27.7 5.5 6.6 2.8 1.3 4.8 3.5 2.4 25.3 52 Table A-31. Scientists Occupation in agriculture All functions and conservation Research agencies, by Planning primary function Inspection and occupation, January 1962 Operations and services Other 263 Number employed Scientists,.................... 7,447 1,094 541 1,541 4,008 Chemists, ...... ............. Geologists and geophysicists.. Mathematicians,.............. Medical scientists.,......... Agricultural scientists....... Biological scientists......... Other scientists............ 387 411 40 36 3,922 2,636 15 23 171 11 14 28 3 1 207 286 2 228 30 -3 1,024 254 2 121 171 25 26 2,433 1,219 8 — 84 804 1 1 1 11 1 6 169 73 2 Percent distribution Scientists, ....... ............ Chemists.................... Geologists and geophysicists.. Mathematicians......... . Medical scientists...... . agricultural scientists...... Biological scientists........ Other scientists............. 100.0 14.7 7.3 20.7 53.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.9 41.6 27.5 — 2.1 30.5 6.7 3.6 6.8 7.5 2.8 5.3 10.8 13.3 58.9 7.3 31.3 41.6 62.5 72.2 62.2 46.3 53,4 8.3 26.1 9.6 13.3 ' 3.5 .3 2,7 2.5 16.7 4.3 2.8 13.3 53 Table A-32. Scientists in all agencies, by highest academic degree and State, January 1962 Degree State All scientists Doctor's Master’s Bachelor*s None Total..... ........................ 1^,035 887 2,765 8,U63 1,920 Northeast........ .......................... 2,787 275 U99 1,625 388 190 207 SOU 7 Uo 11 81 116 102 17 18 112 H j3 18U 30 1S8 S21 3S1 68 S8 U8 7 201 9 IS 23 S8 8 19 Connecticut............... ................ Maine....... ................ .......... .. Massachusetts........................... .. New Hampshire............................. New Jersey................................ New York................ •••••............. Pennsylvania................... .......... Rhode Island.............................. Vermont............... ................... 56U 9S 101 23 17 12 — 3U 128 S3 2 6 Middle West................................. 2,735 212 S60 1,705 258 Illinois.................................. Indiana.............. .................... Iowa........... ........... .............. Kansas.............. ..................... Michigan..... ............................ Minnesota....... •••••.................... . Missouri....... *....... ............ ....... Nebraska..... .......... ................. North Dakota..... ........................ Ohio.... *............................... South Dakota............................... Wisconsin............. ................... 3U7 219 67 16U U87 UlS 83 1US 326 67 223 67 16 10 1U uo 2U 12 10 7 U 1 7 66 36 17 Uo 117 Ul 61 23 28 38 17 76 192 1U9 21 102 319 227 101 :Ul 102 267 U8 136 22 18 19 8 11 123 18 9 8 17 1 U 3,890 1S8 8U3 2,560 329 192 131 39 U9S 129 22U 110 21S 292 26S 67 153 278 59U S82 12U U 20 28 8 132 28 3U 37 U8 3U 7U 8 26 — 27 7 16 — S SU 6 u u 17 117 36 9US South............. ........................ Alabama......... ....................... .. Arkansas............ ...................... Delaware........... ...... ................. Florida.................................. Georgia....... .......................... . Kentucky.......................... . Louisiana.............. ................... Maryland... ................. .......... .. Mississippi................. .............. North Carolina.......... ........... ....... Oklahoma............ ..................... South Carolina............ ................. Tennessee......... .................. ..... Texas............... ..................... Virginia............ ...................... West Virginia.... ........................ Far West... ...... ....... ................ Alaska........................ .......... . Arizona......... ......................... California.................... ........... Colorado.,..................... ........... Hawaii......... ......................... . Idaho.... ................... ........... . Montana............... . Nevada........................... ....... New Mexico.............. ................. . Oregon................. ............. . Utah..................................... Washington................................ Wyoming...,........ ...... ................. 50 288 788 192 107 6 3 6 17 U 11 10 is U 25 is 6 31 103 120 SU 66 160 77 26 309 88 171 67 iUS 200 17U 27 103 1SU 332 U77 SO U,623 2U2 863 2,573 1U3 13U 1,888 3ii3 U3U 3UU 131 93 131 U96 180 uou 102 6 11 118 2 20 23 3 7 U 2U 2 18 U 26 3U 268 U3 133 SI SO 1U 20 120 36 S3 IS 80 81 868 59 238 2S1 77 60 10U 308 78 287 — s 27 26 * 2 31 8 63U 39 U3 19 1 12 3 UU 6U U6 1 1 54 Table A-33, Scientists with State Total,.............................. TT Northeast,................................ Connecticut,....................... ........ Maine, ••••.... ............................. Massachusetts............................... New Hampshire,................. ...... ...... New Jersey,••••••.,...................... New York,,,,,,,........... ............. . Pennsylvania..... ......... ................. Rhode Island...................... , Vermont.............. ...................... Middle West.................................. Illinois...................... ............. Indiana............... ..................... Iowa..... .......... ............. .......... Kansas..................................... Michigan............... .................... Minnesota...... ......... ......... ....... tt Missouri,...... ................... Nebraska.................................. . North Dakota.................... ......... . Ohio.................... ...... ............ South Dakota .............................. .# Wi sconsin................................. tt South. .••••.... ........ ......... ...... ..... health degrees, All health degrees by type of degree M. D. and State, D. D. S. January 1962 D. V. M. Other 2,640 1,093 202 793 552 528 299 61 81 87 34 38 136 7 120 53 109 16 15 27 22 71 4 51 40 60 14 10 2 27 1 18 1 10 1 1 2 6 4 2 18 9 37 5 8 34 44 184 22 187 47 17 34 5 14 44 54 24 10 59 107 9 63 11 26 3 6 5 18 10 5 7 82 5 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 __ 1 2 1 7 38 24 8 __ 11 786 403 6 3 33 3 2. 1 1 11 4 4 1 51 22 8 25 1 1 26 74 138 171 2 12 4 17 3 6 58 2 3 4 Alabama. ............... ................. . Arkansas. ...... ......................ttrf ftt Delaware...... .............. . Florida. ...................... ....... ..... Georgia.................................... Kentucky. ............... .................. Louisiana.. . . ..... . Maryland. .................................. . Mississippi,........................... . North Carolina,..,,.,.,,,.,...,.,,,.,........ Oklahoma. ............................... T.rT South Carolina................ .T..r, Tennessee.... ............................. , Texas,...................................... Virginia................................. . West Virginia.............................. . 20 4 4 231 37 42 4 71 8 43 18 35 61 69 137 2 Far West..................... ................ 886 207 45 387 247 Alaska............................ ...... . Arizona....... ......... .......... ......... California................ ................. Colorado........................ .......... . Hawaii,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... Idaho...................................... Mont ana ....... ...... ............ .......... Nevada..................................... . New Mexico................................. . Oregon. .................... ..... ..... . Utah,............................... ..... . Washington.................................. Wyoming........ ........ .......... ........... 10 29 337 3 29 197 43 10 32 50 5 111 30 6 19 84 2 20 11 4 2 17 8 2 29 3 __ 1 8 176 1 9 124 3 1 73 mm 3 104 24 21 63 5 12 6 8 24 40 87 — 2 2 __ 1 7 7 27 - 1 4 __ __ __ 35 2 1 1 1 — 1 52 8 12 6 3 1 19 1 7 23 1 5 5 18 13 27 28 12 7 29 15 1 __ 62 4 3 8 23 2 68 55 Table A-34, Technicians, by type of agency and State, January 1962 Highway and public works State T o t a l ....... . All agencies Total Highway Public works Health and welfare Total Physical health Mental health Agriculture and conservation Welfare Total Fish and game Agr i culture Natural re sources Other agencies 55,501 46,599 45,892 707 3,395 2,449 624 322 3,991 1,023 1,232 1,736 1,516 9,698 7,634 7,447 187 810 542 182 36 700 53 296 351 554 C o n necticut..... M a i n e . • .......... Mas s a c h u s e t t s . .. N e w Hampshire... N e w J e r s e y ...... N ew Y o r k . ....... P e n nsylvania.... Rhode Island.... V e r m o n t , ...... .. 630 210 1,222 52 448 2,839 3,351 265 131 564 154 1,031 29 221 1,774 3,583 173 55 555 149 1,031 29 217 1,774 3,420 168 54 9 5 15 15 89 17 65 247 25 25 44 16 14 10 .. 15 — 125 2 — 6 .. 3 12 __ 2 48 15 2 25 36 1 91 450 75 9 11 2 1 24 — 4 — 163 5 1 37 29 102 17 92 247 152 75 59 _ __ 23 3 — 12 4 1 9 254 6 3 7 t12 3 __ 82 196 46 3 4 27 2 3 5 44 418 41 8 6 Middle West....... 13,646 11,439 11,357 82 771 361 371 39 1,027 67 239 721 409 Illinois........ I ndiana,,...•••• Iowa............ K a n s a s . .......... M i c h i g a n . ....... M i n n e s o t a . ...... M i s s o u r i ........ Nebr a s k a . ...... . North Dakota.... O h i o ............. South Dakota.... Wisconsin...... . 1,141 623 1,065 1,007 2,167 1,287 1,159 652 257 3,101 118 1,069 894 453 906 932 1,839 1,180 1,010 541 177 2,576 71 810 893 442 905 918 1,832 1,180 1,010 530 173 2,549 65 810 1 11 1 14 7 63 95 6 12 145 42 32 40 30 227 9 70 63 32 4 12 71 21 32 11 27 19 9 60 63 2 -71 17 — __ __ 7 — .. 13 _ — 22 -— 10 42 28 151 59 100 50 63 28 49 281 34 142 20 — 4 20 14 3 32 8 43 32 22 41 15 28 147 26 86 40 9 12 1 249 7 101 142 47 2 4 33 15 54 43 1 17 4 47 21,020 18,726 18,410 316 1,321 1,114 155 732 163 267 302 241 Alabama......... Arkansas........ D e l a w a r e •••...•• Flor i d a ......... G e o r g i a . ........ K e n t u c k y ...... Louisiana....... M a r y l a n d ........ M i s s i s s i p p i ..... North C a r o 1in a .. O k l a h o m a ........ South Carolina.. T e n n e s s e e . ...... T e x a s ............ Virginia........ West Virginia... 2,075 425 182 696 1,402 1,444 1,745 703 811 938 377 339 1,851 4,913 2,111 1,008 1,935 374 170 469 1,256 1,198 1,543 615 784 819 280 244 1,621 4,626 1,875 912 1,913 374 170 467 1,256 1,198 1,319 589 781 818 275 243 1,620 4,605 1,870 912 22 __ — 2 — -229 26 3 1 5 1 1 21 5 — 56 12 6 108 107 50 117 74 -72 74 39 181 207 197 21 46 12 6 108 106 27 117 44 — 72 74 29 181 90 197 5 18 1 -3 5 32 12 — -— — 1 36 15 20 — 56 9 2 57 — 14 27 3 27 — — 1 21 — — — — .. — -117 .. 16 65 21 4 39 15 178 73 2 21 45 14 40 40 36 31 58 12 43 21 12 4 32 — 4 30 1 144 4 2 7 13 11 12 4 15 7 11 19 18 2 30 24 18 7 12 6 2 9 16 9 44 8 17 Far W e s t . ......... 11,137 8,800 3,678 122 493 432 19 42 1,532 740 430 362 312 A l a s k a . .•••••••• A r i z o n a .......... C a l i f o r n i a . ..... Colorado........ H a w a i i . . . . ...... Idaho............ Montana......... N e v a d a . ....... . N e w M e x i c o . . . . •• Oregon. Utah............ Washington...... Wyoming......... 236 573 5,144 526 237 299 543 295 595 833 543 801 512 104 546 3,997 428 208 247 507 261 572 527 499 496 408 94 546 3,997 418 193 247 492 252 543 517 483 ; 496 400 10 __ — 10 15 -15 9 29 10 16 93 13 86 22 4 32 6 8 15 20 17 172 5 93 13 65 22 — 32 6 8 15 15 17 143 3 __ -6 33 14 888 52 23 20 30 14 7 222 22 108 99 10 7 449 5 13 — -2 — 81 14 69 90 __ -15 __ 4 23 1 117 1 9 2 21 6 — 173 24 2 -— 12 1 64 North e a s t ......... South.. — — — — 11 4 27 6 — — 3 7 3 208 — — 52 3 4 10 — — .. 2 .. 30 — — __ 10 __ — .. — -— — — — ““ — — — — — — — — 5 — 29 2 — 7 22 8 5 5 — — 6 322 46 1 18 9 6 7 2 -7 6 i 6 — 139 8 32 3 5 25 56 Table A-35. Technicians in all agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 Medical, Engineering Physical Other agricul t e c h n i c i a n s scie n c e technicians tural, a nd technicians 1 b i o l o g i c a l technicians Total technicians Draftsmen T o t a l . . . ......................... 55, 5 0 1 6,684 12, 2 4 0 28,343 1 , 030 5,671 1,5 3 3 N o r t h e a s t . • • • . . .......... ................. 9,698 1,021 1,776 5,266 201 1,098 336 C o n n e c t i c u t . .............. . M a i n e ..... • • • • • • • • ........ • • • • • ....... Massachusetts.• N e w H a m p s h i r e . • • • • • • ...... ........... N e w J e r s e y . ......................... . N e w Y o r k . . •••••.•••••••••• P e n n s y l v a n i a . .......................... R h o d e I s l a n d . . . . . . . . . . ........... . V e r m o n t . . . . . . . . . . ........ .............. 630 210 1,222 52 448 2,889 3,851 265 131 58 30 2 69 2 36 377 188 44 17 162 62 373 27 41 844 244 16 1 355 67 391 2 147 999 3,159 113 33 2 97 52 7 27 16 37 37 118 10 87 542 163 47 57 18 14 71 9 40 75 90 18 1 M i d d l e W e s t . . .................... ........ . 1 3,646 1,7 3 4 3,054 6,789 344 1,400 325 I l l i n o i s . . . . . . . . ...................... . I n d i a n a . ...... ......................... . I o w a . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . K a n s a s . .............................. . M i c h i g a n . . • • • • • . . ................. . M i n n e s o t a . • • • • ..... .................. . M i s s o u r i . . ............................... N e b r a s k a . . . . . . ................... •••••• N o r t h D a k o t a . ............................ O h i o . . ............... ........ . South D a k o t a . ....................... W i s c o n s i n . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . ..... 1,141 623 1,065 1,007 2,167 1,287 1,159 652 257 3,101 118 1,069 334 57 163 87 176 375 97 39 52 258 25 71 101 58 327 8 08 61 339 63 359 27 660 45 206 532 349 450 9 1,498 495 889 192 99 1,699 5 572 47 11 4 13 224 „„ 95 88 119 41 185 64 73 46 64 420 34 171 32 60 2 49 23 14 21 14 3 54 4 49 21,020 1,924 4,867 11, 7 3 0 2 97 1,582 620 2,075 425 182 696 1,402 1,444 i;745 703 811 938 377 339 1,851 4,796 2,228 1,008 189 16 12 155 1 107 39 95 77 99 106 118 60 360 434 56 1,432 59 62 156 178 781 377 36 -400 150 30 192 4 58 426 130 325 291 97 187 799 333 1,138 480 661 347 — 113 1,379 3,328 1,033 719 13 10 1 52 19 111 — 5 — .. 26 __ __ 34 3 23 65 33 3 124 92 77 176 73 19 91 73 48 214 111 315 68 51 16 7 22 313 35 15 14 54 1 22 30 6 5 17 12 1 1,137 2,005 2,543 4,558 188 1,591 252 236 573 5,1 4 4 526 237 299 543 295 595 8 33 543 801 512 31 72 811 55 64 85 186 32 282 137 92 104 54 5 254 717 337 29 75 2 27 98 339 205 4 05 50 101 2 23 2,684 39 115 55 317 201 193 130 156 36 308 67 — 28 23 8 14 57 18 52 24 1 22 195 30 227 100 4 1 81 38 11 __ S t ate Sou t h . .................................... . A l a b a m a . • • • • • .......... A r k a n s a s . .......... .................... . D e l a w a r e * ............................... . Flor i d a . .................................. G e o r g i a ................................... K e n t u c k y . . . . • • ....................... . Louisiana*. • • • • • ..... ................... M a r y l a n d * • • • • • ........... .............. M i s s i s s i p p i . . .......................... . North Carolina. O k l a h o m a ................................ . S o u t h C a r o l i n a . ..... ................... T e n n e s s e e ...... .......... .............. T e x a s ..... ............................... V i r g i n i a .................................. W e s t V i r g i n i a . . . . .......... . F a r W e s t . ................... . A l a s k a . . ....................... . A r i z o n a . ........................ C a l i f o r n i a .............................. C o l o r a d o . • • • . . ..... ......... . H a w a i i ............................... . I d a h o . . . . ................ ......... . M o n t a n a . . . . . . . . . . ................. N e v a d a . . . . . .................... ........ N e w M e x i c o . .................. .......... O r e g o n . ............................. U t a h . . * , . . . . • • • • ....... . W a s h i n g t o n . ......... . . . * ............ W y o m i n g ................................. _ Surveyors .. 16 2 12 10 5 — 37 — — 32 -— — 2 44 6 _________“ ' 14 34 — 30 16 23 57 Table A-36. Technicians in highway agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 Draftsmen Surveyors Engineering technicians 45,892 6,088 12,037 26,778 505 484 7,447 918 1,695 4,635 128 71 555 149 1,081 29 217 1,774 3,420 168 54 55 25 267 2 14 355 145 39 16 162 62 373 27 41 780 229 14 7 338 62 376 11,357 1,559 Illinois. .......... I ndiana.................... I o w a . ........................... Kansas. • .................... . Mic h i g a n . . . . . . . . ................. M i n n e s o t a ......................... M i s s o u r i .......................... Nebraska. ...•••••..... ......... . North D a k o t a . ..................... O h i o . . ............................ South Dakota. Wisconsin. ...... ............... 893 442 905 918 1,882 1,180 1,010 530 173 2,549 65 810 S o u t h . ......... ..................... State T o t a l ..................... Nort h e a s t .............. ...... . Connecticut. ........... .......... M a i n e . ........... ............ .. Mas s a c h u s e t t s ....... ••••..... .. N e w H a m p s h i r e ..... ............... New J e r s e y . ....................... N e w Y o r k ..........• •••........... Pennsylvania. . ................ Rhode Is l a n d ...... ...... ...... . V e r m o n t . ...... ................... All technicians Physical science technicians Other technicians __ 77 609 3,046 112 15 __ __ __ 82 30 — — 16 .. 3 — 2,986 6,513 234 65 296 50 154 62 156 355 89 30 50 238 20 59 100 50 317 808 55 333 56 344 25 653 45 200 497 342 434 __ 1,456 482 851 156 98 1,658 __ 539 — .. 5 215 __ .. 18,410 1,790 4,835 11,391 A l a b a m a ........... ................ Arkansas ••••••••• ...... . Delaware. ••••....... •••••..... . Florida. ........... ............... G e o rgia.............. ........... Kentucky. ••••••••••.••• ....... . Loui s i a n a . ........................ M a r y l a n d . . . . . .................... Mississippi.................... North C a r o l i n a . ................ . O k l a h o m a . .•••.•••............... South Carolina.. Tennessee. T e x a s ...... ....................... V i r g i n i a ............ ........... .. West Vir g i n i a . ................... 1,913 374 170 467 1,256 1,198 1,319 589 781 818 275 243 1,620 4,605 1,870 912 175 14 12 150 -93 25 85 76 80 100 115 51 333 430 51 1,425 59 62 156 178 781 368 32 -400 150 28 192 454 422 128 313 291 96 161 793 324 926 . 467 659 338 — 100 1,377 3,818 1,018 710 10 .. — — — — — -— 25 __ — __ — 23 — -__ 285 — — 5 46 — — .. — Far W e s t . ............................ 8,678 1,821 2,521 4,239 85 12 9 — — -— 32 — — Middle W e s t . . ................... A l a s k a . ............... ......... . A r i z o n a . . ................... . Cal i f o r n i a . ••••••............... Colorado. H a w aii............ ............ .. Idaho. ••••••••...... . M o n t a n a . ................ ......... • N e v a d a . .................. . N e w M e x i c o . .............. . O r e g o n . . . ............... U t a h ............................... Washington. ........... . W y o m i n g . ..... ........... ......... 94 22 «« 63 546 71 254 221 3,997 418 193 247 492 252 543 517 483 496 400 749 50 54 85 175 29 277 78 83 95 53 712 337 28 75 __ 27 95 339 203 401 50 2,524 31 111 55 317 196 171 100 153 -297 14 __ __ __ __ — 53 65 __ 3 43 __ 10 .. .. — 12 336 _ — 44 — .. — __ — 12 — -— — .. — — — 58 Table ^-37. Technicians in public works agencies (except highway), by occupation and State, January 1962 S t ate T o t a l , ........ ......... . N o r t h e a s t .......................... C o n n e c t i c u t .................... . M a i n e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . Massachusetts.. N e w H a m p s h i r e . . . • • • • • ..... . N e w J e r s e y ................ . N e w Y o r k . ........ ........ P e n n s y l v a n i a . ................... R h o d e I s l a n d . ................... V e r m o n t ..... .................... Draftsmen Surveyors Engineering technicians 707 116 31 414 3 143 187 14 3 96 2 72 __ -w 9 5 4 .. 1 __ __ __ 163 5 1 11 2 -- M i d d l e w e s t ............... ........ 82 28 I l l i n o i s , ..................... . I n d i a n a . ......................... Iowa. ...................... . K a n s a s . . ............... ........ M i c h i g a n ........................ . M i n n e s o t a . ..... ................. M i s s o u r i . . . . . . . ................ N e b r a s k a . • • • • ..... . N o r t h D a k o t a . ................... O h i o .............................. S o u t h D a k o t a . . . . . . . . .......... W i s c o n s i n . .................. 1 11 1 14 7 __ 1 3 1 14 __ S o u t h . ............. ........ . A l a b a m a • • • • • • • ........ A r k a n s a s . .......... . D e l a w a r e . ....... ......... . F l o r i d a . ........... ............. G e o r g i a . . . . . . ................... K e n t u c k y . ............... . Louisiana. M a r y l a n d . ..... ......... ........ M i s s i s s i p p i . . ... ........ . N o r t h C a r o l i n a . . . . . . .......... O k l a h o m a .................... . S o u t h C a r o l i n a . • • • • • • • • • ..... T e n n e s s e e . ....................... T e x a s . ............... . V i r g i n i a . ............... ........ W e s t V i r g i n i a . . . . . . . . ......... F a r W e s t . .......... A l a s k a ..... ...................... A r i z o n a ..................... . C a l i f o r n i a , .... ......... . C o l o r a d o . .......... ............. H a w a i i . . • ........................ I d a h o ..... ....................... M o n t a n a . . • • • • • • • • • ...... . N e v a d a ...... .................... N e w M e x i c o . . . . . . ............... O r e g o n .......... .......... . U t a h .............................. W a s h i n g t o n , .............. . W y o m i n g . ......................... Physical sci e n c e technicians All technicians 11 4 27 6 — 9 _ 4 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 85 64 1 1 -- — 9 35 .... 10 7 1 __ __ 1 2 — __ __ mm __ __ 1 2 5 1 __ 2 __ _« — 316 41 11 22 — __ 8 __ 2 -- 2 7 _„ 10 _ __ __ __ .... __ __ __ .... 12 5 -- -- .. 2 26 ... 33 10 14 _. __ __ 229 26 3 1 5 1 1 21 5 — 1 10 .. -- __ — 9 3 .. 122 33 8 57 1 _» — 9 9 1 __ 8 3 203 10 1 1 .... ... ..... •- 10 10 .. .. __ 2 4 __ .. _ .. 2 8 .. __ 15 9 29 10 16 11 1 4 3 4 — 8 1 -- .. ... __ __ __ __ .. __ .. .. __ __ 10 15 4 -2 — — Other technicians — 1 -- 3 2 2 22 6 3 .. __ — 8 2 2 — 23 __ __ __ _ 2 .. 9 4 1 1 4 1 _ .. __ 1 6 2 __ 2 6 __ ... .. 7 __ ... — — 59 Table A— 38. Technicians in health and welfare agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962. State Total.....••••••••••••....... . Northeast............... ...... ...... ...•• Connecticut.............................. Maine..................................... Massachusetts.......................... . NewHampshire........... ........... NewJersey............................... NewYork................................. Pennsylvania............................. Rhode Island......... .................. Vermont.................... ............. Middle West................................ Illinois................................. Indiana................... ............. . Iowa............. ...... ............ Kansas................................... Michigan................................. Minnesota................................ Missouri.................................. Nebraska........... .............. . North Dakota............................ Ohio..................................... South Dakota........................ Wisconsin................................ South...................................... Alabama............... .............. .. •• Arkansas.............................. Delaware................. ...... . Florida.................................. Georgia*.... ....... ......... ........... Kentucky*....................... ........ Louisiana. ••...••••.................... Maryland.............. ................... Mississippi*...................... . North Carolina......••••............... Oklahoma......... ....................... South Carolina*................... . Tennessee.•...•••••••.................. Texas.................................... Virginia................................. West Virginia........................... Far West.......................... ........ Alaska*............ ............... . Arizona........ ..........•••............ California*.............................. Colorado.................. .............. Hawaii........................ ........... Idaho................. ............... . Montana.............. ....... ............ Nevada............................ ...... NewMexico............ ••••••«••••••••• Oregon.....................*............ Utah...................................... Washington.. Wyoming.................................. All technicians Engineering technicians Physical science technicians 3,395 810 11*3 26 218 37 29 102 17 92 2U7 1# 75 59 _ 3 11* — — — — — -— — — 771 63 95 6 12 ll*5 1*2 32 UO 30 227 9 70 58 22 9 — — — — 11 — 18 — 7 — — 63 15 22 — 26 — ■ 25 _ — — — 1 — — 2 12 10 — — 1,321 56 12 6 108 107 50 117 7l* — 72 7i* 39 181 90 31U 21 21 31 5 — — — — 5 — — — — — — 2 — 9 — _ — — 2l* 7 — — — — — — — — — — — U93 38 20 2 9958 — 37 93 13 86 22 1* 32 6 8 15 20 17 172 5 — 5 — — — — — — — 11 — — — — — — 1* — — Medical, agricultural, Other and biological technicians technicians 2,806 676 37 21* 81* 9 77 201* 151 1*1 1*9 228 1*5 — 2 1* 8 — 21 1 8 1 585 1*1 71* k 12 121 31 32 11 18 171* 8 59 103 1,211 1*1 12 58 10 — 6 2 8 1 6 1 — 82 92 1*1* 111 73 — 72 70 31 179 90 293 21 331* 15 10 la 13 i* — 21 2 — 23 — — 9 — 36 1 11 — — 1* 8 — — 12 — 22 — 1 8 h — 32 5 — 15 20 17 157 5 — — — — — 1 8 60 Table A-39. Technicians in physical health agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 Medical, Physical agricultural, science and biological technicians technicians All technicians Engineering technicians Total................................ Northeast........................ ............. Connecticut*......... •..... ....... . Maine........ •••••..... .................... Massachusetts............................. . NewHampshire............................... NewJersey........ ............ . NewYork.........••••••...... ............. Pennsylvania...................... Rhode Island................................ Vermont.................................. . 2,hh9 109 2,061 5H2 23 U57 15 15 89 17 65 2l»7 25 25 M M M M 1U — — — — — 9 15 15 71 9 65 20U 2h 20 3h Middle West................................... Illinois..................................... Indiana..................................... Iowa................. ....................... Michigan...................................... Minnesota................................... Missouri.............. ..................... Nebraska.................................... North Dakota........ ...................... . Ohio......................................... South Dakota................................ Wisconsin.................... ....... ...... South......................................... Alabama..................... .............. Arkansas................................ •••• Delaware............................... Florida..................................... Georgia........................ .........•••• Kentucky................................. . Louisiana................................ Maryland....................••••••••...... Mississippi................................. North Carolina............••••••••••..... . Oklahoma...............................••••• South Carolina....................... . Tennessee..................•••••••....... . Texas............................... ........ Virginia.................................... West Virginia............................... Far West........................... ........... Alaska.......... ...... ..................... Arizona..,.................................. California................. •••••..... ••••. Colorado...............................••••• Hawaii................. Idaho............ ....................... . Montana........ ............................. Nevada..................................... . NewMexico................. ............. . Oregon............................. ......... Utah......................................... Washington.......... •••••..... ............ Wyoming......... ............................ 361 36 287 State hh 169 27 Other technicians no 35 __ — — — — 22 — 5 — ■ __ — 23 15 _ — — — 1 — — — 12 10 -M 12 — — 1 — — — — — h 8 21 1 — 1 — 63 32 h 12 71 21 32 11 27 19 9 60 22 — — — — 11 — — — 3 — — hi 1,101 12 1,032 31 39 h6 5 33 12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -— .. — >■ — 5 — hh — — — 72 — 7U — 29 2 181 — 90 — 197 — S 38 U32 12 6 108 106 27 117 93 13 65 22 — 32 6 8 15 15 -17 Ui3 3 20 2 — 5 — — — — — — — liM M 20 h 12 69 10 32 11 15 6 8 59 — 82 91 22 111 U3 — 72 70 25 179 90 197 285 15 10 32 13 — 32 5 — 15 15 17 128 3 — — 2h 7 88 58 — 26 — — — — — -— — h M M 1 1 8 6 2 8 6 1 — — U k — — — — 21 1 7 h — — 1 8 — — — — 61 Table A-UO. Technicians in agriculture and conservation agencies, by occupation and State, January 1962 State Total........................... Northeast................................. Connecticut,........................... Maine................................... Massachusetts.......................... NewHampshire......... ................ NewJersey.............................. NewYork........ ...................... . Pennsylvania........................... Rhode Island........................... Vermont................................. Middle West............................... Illinois................................ Indiana................................. Iowa..................................... Kansas.................................. Michigan.............................. . Minnesota........ ...................... Missouri......... ...................... Nebraska.......................... . North Dakota........................... Ohio................................ South Dakota........... ............... Wisconsin............................... South..................................... Alabama................................. Arkansas.................... Delaware................................ Florida................................. Georgia..•••••••••••••••••........... Kentucky.......................... . Louisiana.............................. Maryland................................ Mississippi,........................... North Carolina......................... Oklahoma................. ........ ••••• South Carolina......................... Tennessee....... ...................... . Texas.................................. Virginia.•............... ••••.......... West Virginia.......................... Far West...................... ............ Alaska........................... Arizona................................. California.............................. Colorado................................ Hawaii................................... Idaho................................... Montana......... ...................... . Nevada.................................. NewMexico.............................. Oregon................................... Utah..................................... Washington.............................. Wyoming......................... ....... M edical, agricul Total Engineering Physical Other tural, and technicians science biological technicians Draftsmen Surveyors technicians technicians technicians 3,991 700 2U8 2 25 36 1 91 h$0 75 9 11 __ 55 k 2 — 12 17 20 — — 1,027 k2 28 151 59 100 50 63 28 h9 281 3h XU2 732 73 2 3 8 8 13 11 5 1 — 8 3 11 50 65 21 __5 _ l l h 89 15 178 73 2 21 U5 1U ko hO 36 31 58 1 3 1 — 17 h 1 — 11 — 5 151 76 «... — — ~ — 6h 12 — — U5 _ l 10 — h 6 7 11 _ 3 — 3 16 __7 _ — — — 312 190 119 1 2 — — — — — 1 — — — — 70 15 28 — U 78 27 2 5 16 9 11 _ — —. 3 2 — 21 — 9 U5 __7 1 16 ~ 2 h 8 8 — 2 — — — 5 — 159 13 1 2h 6 111 — — 9 — — — — 2 3 3 — — — -1 — — — 3 — 1 1 — — — 1 — h — h 2,777 U20 __ 13 3h 1 9 338 12 6 7 768 32 Hi 113 29 6U 33 hO lh h6 313 29 2 6 — — — 16 2 3 — 36 6 5 — 5 — _6 3 2U5 26 112 h 352 18 21 1 39 — 30 65 no — 11* 19 3 17 35 21 22 U7 7 15 l 9 8 3h — — 7 — 6 21 5 — 3 1 1,532 70 1U 70 3 1,237 138 33 lh 888 52 23 20 30 8 1 35 3 1 5 — 5 — — — — — — — — a 7 — — — — — — — — — 1 — 13 13 769 _ — lli 7 222 22 108 99 — — 1 — 9 3 8 1 22 1 — — — 3 — 23 — 11 3 2 hh Hi 20 19 1 7 160 12 70 95 57 h 8 — n 9 — 29 7 13 62 Table A-41. Technicians, scientists and engineers, and ratio of technicians to scientists and engineers, by type of agency, January 1962 Agency T o t a l ........................... Technicians Scientists and engineers Average number of technicians per 100 scientists and engineers 55,501 48,029 115.6 Highway and public w o r k s .............. 46,599 31,600 147.5 H i g h w a y ............................... Public w o r k s ......................... 45,892 707 30,778 822 149.1 86.0 Health and w e l f a r e .................... 3,395 6,243 54.4 Physical h e a l t h ...................... Mental h e a l t h ........................ W e l f a r e ............................... 2,449 624 322 4,955 897 391 49.4 69.6 82.4 Agriculture and c o n s e r v a t i o n......... 3,991 8,301 48.1 Fish and g a m e ........................ A g r i c u l t u r e .......................... Natural reso u r c e s................... 1,023 1,232 1,736 2,136 2,478 3,687 47.9 49.7 47.1 Other a g e n c i e s ......................... 1,516 1,885 80.4 63 APPENDIX B SCOPE AND METHOD OF SURVEY This appendix provides a brief report on the scope and methodology of the survey, and on some of the problems en countered in conducting it. This information serves as a background for interpreting the data presented. Coverage of the Survey This is the second survey of scientific and technical per sonnel in State government agencies conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor, l/ The survey covered all State government agencies, within each of the 50 States, which were judged at all likely to employ persons work ing as scientists, engineers, or technicians, with the exception of educational institutions which are covered by data collected by the Office of Education of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The State agencies excluded from this survey as not likely to employ scientific or technical personnel are of three general types--legislative bodies, judicial bodies, and boards and com missions with regulatory and licensing functions. However, the overriding criterion was the apparent nature of the functions of each individual agency. The mailing list of agencies was compiled from current State directories and similar listings, and telephone directories were used where necessary to obtain precise agency names and addresses. The complete mailing list included 1,670 agencies. Conduct of the Survey The questionnaire used in this survey (appendix C) was developed in consultation with the National Science Foundation and with the advice and cooperation of a number of State officials. It was based on the questionnaire used in 1959 for the same type of survey, in order to obtain reasonable com parability. 1/ See Employment of Scientific and Technical Personnel in State Government Agencies, Report on a 1959 Survey, NSF 61-17, prepared for the National Science Foundation by the U.S. Depart ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 64 However, some revisions were made in order to eliminate items that yielded inadequate or unsatisfactory data in 1959, or were considered unnecessarily burdensome to the respondent, and to supplement and improve the quality of the data obtained in 1962. Modifications included: Addition of separate report ing items for engineering technicians and physical science tech nicians; addition of items on educational attainment of scien tists; addition of an instruction to exclude practitioners from the data reported for psychologists; omission of separate re porting items for electrical and electronic engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, and metallurgists; omission of items for educational attainment data on engineers; and omission of certain items regarding scientific and technical personnel in research. A preliminary draft of the questionnaire was tested by visits to several State personnel departments and to several agencies known to employ scientific and technical workers. Their comments were useful in developing the final questionnaire. The question naires were mailed directly to the State agencies. In several instances, additional copies of the questionnaire were requested by the agencies for collecting data from their subunits. The organizational structure of several States was not clear from directories and other available information. Often it appeared that a questionnaire was being sent to one or more sub units of an agency which was itself receiving a questionnaire. In such cases, in order to avoid duplicate reporting, the higher organizational unit was asked by special letter not to include data on any subunits which were receiving separate questionnaires these subunits were specifically identified in the letters. The letters were mechanically reproduced in conjunction with the printing of the address labels. There were 124 such letters sent in the first mailing. The questionnaires were mailed in July 1962. Of the 1,670 agencies contacted, 1,130 responded to this initial request. In August 1962, followup letters to the remaining 540 agencies yielded 378 additional responses. The final mail followup was sent in September 1962 to the 162 agencies which had not yet replied. 65 After the final mailing, 60 agencies still had not replied. Of these, 20 were known to be employers of large numbers of scientific and technical personnel; they were contacted by tele phone or telegram. At the close of the survey, 1,630 (or 98 percent) of the 1,670 agencies on the initial mailing list had provided all or part of the information sought. Investigation of available data on the 40 agencies not responding and not con tacted by telephone led to the finding that 35 of them probably employed no scientific and technical personnel and that the re maining 5 probably employed very few. Insofar as possible, reporting errors were eliminated by editing and checking procedures and through correspondence with agencies whose reports appeared to involve serious in consistencies or misinterpretation of questions or definitions. In most cases where some schedule items were either un answered or only partially answered, the missing data were imputed on the basis of information given in other parts of the schedule or on the basis of responses for similar agencies in the same geographic area. In other cases, correspondence was initiated in order to obtain the missing information. Definitions The brief definitions of important items printed on the questionnaire (appendix C) were made reasonably comparable to those used in the 1962 survey of scientific and technical personnel employed in private industry. Necessary modifica tions were developed in consultation with officials of State personnel departments and State agencies employing scientific and technical personnel. The definitions were tested in several State agencies before the final questionnaire was printed. The objective was to formulate definitions which would accurately and clearly describe the information and also be consistent with standard personnel records. Comparability Limitations State-by-State comparisons of the statistics of scientific and technical personnel in State government employment should not be attempted without considerable supplemental information. Wide differences exist among State agencies with similar titles, with regard to the nature and scope of services provided, organi zational structure, recordkeeping procedures, personnel practices, 66 occupational titles, and many other characteristics. Some variation in interpretation and application of the defini tions was therefore inevitable. Also contributing to reduced State-by-State comparability is the fact that functions per formed by State governments in some States are performed by local governments or contracted to private industry in other States. 2/ Comparison of the 1959 and the 1962 data must be analyzed with considerable caution, especially with respect to indi vidual State data. Attempts were made to verify the reports of those agencies which indicated very large changes in the number of scientific and technical personnel they employed over the 3-year period. The reported differences were often found to be valid, reflecting significant changes in agency activities. However, in some cases, the changes resulted from differing interpretation of the definitions in 1959 and in 1962. In addition, the activity classification of some agencies was changed from "other” in 1959 to a different category in 1962. However, the impact of this change on comparability was slight because of the relatively small number of scien tific and technical personnel in the agencies affected. The 1959 and 1962 statistics on psychologists are not comparable, because the 1962 questionnaire specifically ex cluded practitioners and the 1959 questionnaire did not. Classification of Data Agency Grouping. For purposes of this report, State agencies were grouped into categories as follows: Highway, public works, and related agencies Highways--Departments of public roads; intrastate bridge and turnpike authorities; etc. Public Works--Departments of public works, engineering and water resources; divisions of flood control; dam authorities; etc. 2/ A survey of scientific and technical personnel in local governments will be conducted in 1964 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data from the two surveys will yield some degree of State-by-State comparability for State and local governments combined. 67 Health, welfare, and related agencies Physical health--Departments of health, boards of pharmacy, boards of water pollution; etc. Mental health--Departments of mental health; mental health boards; etc. WeIfare--Departments of welfare; charity boards, youth services; etc. Agriculture, conservation and related agencies Agriculture--Departments of agriculture; milk control commissions; livestock sanitary boards; etc. Fish and game--Departments of fish and game; fishery products laboratories; etc. Natural resources--Departments of conservation; forests and parks; mines; geological surveys; etc. Other--Types of agencies not classifiable into the above categories. Examples: Departments of Commerce; Labor; Budget; Banking; Taxation; Archives. Classification was not precise for those agencies which conducted activities extending into two or more of the cate gories listed above. In such cases, the classification was based on the agency’s primary activities as indicated by the schedule or other available information. The adverse effect on the quality of the statistics was negligible, however, since there were very few cases which had to be handled on this basis. Regional Groupings. The following regional groups of States were established for convenience in presenting some of the data for this survey: Northeast. New England and Middle Atlantic States (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont). 68 South. South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central States (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia). Middle West. East North Central and West North Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Soi-th Dakota, Wisconsin). Far West. Mountain and Pacific States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). 69 APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRE AND COVERING LETTERS 70 B .L .S . N o . 2 6 4 5 (R e v is e d 6 - 1 5 - 6 2 ) B ud get B ureau N o. 4 4 - R U 8 1 . A p p r o v a l e x p ire s D e c e m b e r 3 1, 1962. A S U R V EY O F SCIENTIFIC A N D T EC H N IC A L P E R S O N N E L E M P L O Y E D B Y STATE G O V E R N M E N T S 1962 Conducted by the U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of Labor Statistics All information supplied on this form will be used for statistical purposes only and will not be published in a manner that will dis close information concerning individual agencies without their express permission. If you employ scientists, engineers, or technicians, please complete the entire questionnaire, supplying as much information as possible. should apply, if possible, to the pay period ending nearest January 15, 1962. If extra copies o f the questionnaire would be helpful, they may be obtained on request. PLEA SE N O T E .—Even i f you do not employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians, please answer item 1 below. Reasonable estimates will be sat isfactory. Please enter “ O ” where appropriate, or “ not available” if such is the case, rather than leave a question unanswered. Data Mail completed questionnaire to: COM M ISSIONER OF LABO R STATISTICS U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r Washington 25, D.C. IDENTIFICATION OF R E P O R T I N G UNIT r n Y our reply to this questionnaire should be re stricted, if possible, to the unit identified at left. Some agencies may receive questionnaires for each o f their divisions. I f it is not feasible to supply data for each division, please indicate in item 5 on page 3 the divisions or other units covered by this report. L -1 (Change address if in correct) Terms in H E A V Y CAPITALS are defined on Pages 4 and 5. Please read definitions carefully. January 1962 1. A. Total employment: Enter the T O T A L N U M BE R OF PAID EMPLOYEES o f the R E P O R T IN G U N IT (include both full- and part-time employees).............................................................................................................................................. ............................... b. SCIENTISTS A N D EN GIN EERS: Enter the total number o f persons included in IA above who were working as SCIENTISTS or ENGINEERS.................................................................................................................................................... .............................. c. TECHNICIANS: Enter the total number o f persons included in 1A above who were working as T E C H N IC IA N S ... . ............................... d. All other employees ( 1A minus lb and l c ) ........................................................................................................................................................... .......... IF Y O U EMPLOY A N Y SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, O R TE CH N IC IA N S (entries in lb or lc ) , PLEASE COMPLETE ENTIRE FORM. COMPLETE ON LY THIS PAGE IF ANSWERS T O BOTH lb A N D lc ARE ZERO. Name and title o f person to be addressed if questions arise concerning this report: Telephone No. 71 TiRMS IN HEAVY CAPITALS ARE DEFINED. 2. PLEASE READ DEFINITIONS CAREFULLY Please enter below the total number o f persons on the payroll(s) o f the R E P O R T IN G U N IT working as SCIENTISTS or ENGINEERS in Jan uary 1962. The sum o f the entries in lines I and II o f column (1 ) should equal the entry for January 1962 in question lb on page 1. In the remaining columns and lines enter the number o f SCIENTISTS and ENGINEERS engaged in the individual occupations shown and distribute them ac cording to the functions in which they spent the greatest proportion o f their time. Count each person only once. If you cannot supply all the detail requested, enter as much information as you can. PRIMARY FUNCTION—JANUARY 1962 (Classify individuals according to the function occupying the greatest proportion of their time.) OCCUPATION (Personnel working in borderline specializations, such as biochemis try, should be classified in the listed occupations with which their work is most closely identified.) TOTAL EMPLOYED IN ALL FUNCTIONS 0) I. Total E N G IN E E R S ................... a. C IV IL ....................................... b. All other ENGINEERS........ II. Total S C IE N TIS T S ................... c. Chemists................................... d. Geologists and geophysicists.. e. M A T H E M A T IC IA N S ........ f. M EDICAL SCIENTISTS. . . (exclude practitioners) g. A G R IC U LT U R A L SCIEN TISTS......................... h. B IO LO G IC A L SCIEN TISTS......................... i. Psychologists (exclude practi tioners) .................................... j. All other SCIENTISTS (please specify occupation)................. RESEARCH (includes product or process development) (2) PLANNING INSPEC TION OPERATIONS AND SERVICES ALL OTHER FUNCTIONS (3) (4) (5) (6) 3. A. How many o f the total number o f SCIENTISTS have the following degrees? Count only one degree for each scientist. If a scientist has more than one degree, count only the degree listed first in the order below: Total SCIENTISTS (same as item 2, line II, col. ( 1 ) ) ........................................................................................................... B. ------- - ...... - a. Ph. D. degree............................................................................................................................................................................. ................................... b. Master’s degree........................................................................................................................................................................... ................................... c. Bachelor’s or first professional degree (e.g., B.S., B.A., M.D., D.D.S., e t c .).................................................................... .................................. d. N o degree................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................... O f the degrees listed above for SCIENTISTS, how many are professional health degrees as specified below? a. M.D. degree................................................................................................................................................................................ .................................. b. D.D.S. degree............................................................................................................................................................................. .................................. c. D.V.M. degree............................................................................................................................................................................ .................................. d. Other professional health degrees............................................................................................................................................ .................................. 4. O f the T O T A L NUM BER OF PAID EMPLOYEES in January 1962, how many were employed as TECHNICIANS? Total TECH N ICIAN S (same as item lc, page 1 ) ......................................................................................................................... ..... ........ ..... - a. Draftsmen.......................................................................................................................................................................................... b. Surveyors........................................................................................................................................................................................... c. Engineering technicians (except draftsmen and surveyors)........................................................................................................ .................................. d. Physical science technicians............................................................................................................................................................. e. Medical, agricultural and biological technicians........................................................................................................................... .................................. f. All other TE C H N IC IA N S......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. Please list any major organizational divisions or sections o f the R EPO RTIN G U N IT and give the total number o f scientists and engineers employed by each. Name of sub-unit 6. Total number of SCIENTISTS and ENGINEERS employed, January 1962 Please give a brief description o f the work performed by scientific and technical personnel employed by the R E P O R T IN G U N IT . (Descriptive pamphlets or other printed material will be especially helpful.) 73 DEFINITIONS R E P O R T I N G UNIT.— The State government agency or division of such agency to which this questionnaire is ad dressed and all the subdivisions and organizational units within that agency or its division, except for the exclusions spe cifically listed in this definition. Include State hospitals, clinics, prisons, and other institutions under the jurisdiction of the reporting unit. Exclude State universities and colleges, agricultural experiment stations, agricultural extension serv ices, or hospitals affiliated with State universities. However, include other State agencies which are located at State universities. T O T A L N U M B E R OF PAID EMPLOYEES.— All permanent and temporary employees paid by the reporting unit, except for the exclusions specifically listed in this definition. Include both employees under civil service systems and employees outside civil service. Include employees on State payrolls who work for local and county agencies. All classi fied, unclassified, and contract employees, exempt employees, laborers, and others paid directly by the reporting unit should be included. Consultants (whether paid by project, fee, or other basis) should be included only ifthey were employed full time during the reporting period or ifit is known that their part-time employment by the reporting unit was their primary employment. Exclude unpaid personnel, part-time consultants primarily employed elsewhere, or personnel on the payroll of contracting firms. SCIENTISTS.— Count as scientists all persons actually engaged in scientific work at a level which requires a knowl edge of physical, engineering, mathematical, biological, agricultural, medical, psychological, and other natural sciences equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course with a major in these fields, regardless of whether they hold a college degree in the field. Include scientists in research, planning, inspection, administration, technical service, technical writing, technical drawing and exhibit design, data collecting, and all other positions which require them to use the indicated level of scientific knowledge in their work. Exclude persons trained in science but cur rently employed in positions not requiring the use of such training. Exclude social scientists. ENGINEERS.— Count as engineers all persons actually engaged in chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical, metallurgical, and all other types of engineering work at a level which requires knowledge of engineering, physical, life, or mathematical sciences equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course with a major in one of these fields, regardless of whether they hold a college degree in the field. Include those persons in research, planning, inspec tion, administration, technical service, technical writing, and other positions which require them to use the indicated level of knowledge in their work. Exclude persons tjained in engineering, but currently employed in positions not requiring the use of such training. Include architectural engineers but exclude architects. Also exclude stationary engineers. (Draftsmen and engineering aids should be counted as technicians.) TECHNICIANS.— Count as technicians all persons actually engaged in technical work at a level requiring knowledge of physical, engineering, mathematical, biological, or other natural sciences comparable to the knowledge acquired through technical institute, junior college, or other formal post-high school training less extensive than 4-year college training, or through equivalent on-the-job training or experience. Some typical job titles are: draftsmen, surveyors, engineering aids, laboratory technicians and assistants, conservationist aids, electronic technicians, X-ray technicians, and museum technicians. Exclude personnel engaged primarily in care of patients. Exclude also skilled workers and craftsmen such as machinists, plumbers, and electricians. CIVIL ENGINEERS.— Include sanitary, construction, architectural, structural, highway engineers, and all other civil engineering specialties. Also include city planning engineers. M A T H E M A T I C I A N S . — Count as mathematicians only those persons whose position requires knowledge of mathe matics equivalent at least to that acquired through a 4-year college course with a major in mathematics and who spend the greatest proportion of their time in development or application of mathematical techniques. Include actuaries and mathe matical analysts. Include statisticians and programmers for computers only ifthey specialize in mathematical techniques. Exclude accountants. MEDICAL SCIENTISTS.— Count as medical scientists only those physicians, dentists, public health specialists, pharmacists, and members of other scientific professions concerned with the understanding of human diseases and improve ment of human health, who spend the greatest proportion of their time in clinical investigation and other research, tech nical writing, and related activities. Exclude persons who spend the greatest proportion of their time in providing care to patients, dispensing drugs or services, diagnosis, etc. Persons working as pathologists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, etc. should be excluded from the figures on medical scientists and included in the figures on biological scientists. A G R I C U L T U R A L SCIENTISTS.— Count as agricultural scientists all persons who spend the greatest proportion of their time in understanding and improving agricultural productivity, such as those working in agronomy, animal hus bandry, forestry, horticulture, range management, soil culture, and veterinary science. Exclude veterinarians who are primarily engaged in providing care to animals. BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS.— Count as biological scientists all persons who work in sciences which deal with life processes, other than those classified as agricultural and medical sciences. Include pathologists, microbiologists, pharma cologists, bacteriologists, toxicologists, botanists, zoologists, etc. RESEARCH.— Enter in column (2) of item 2 the number of scientists and engineers included in column (1) who spend the greatest proportion of their time performing or supervising basic and applied investigation to advance scientific knowledge in the natural sciences (including medicine and psychology) and engineering. Also include those persons primarily engaged in technical development activities concerned with solving nonroutine problems encountered in applying research findings or other general scientific knowledge to specific projects or processes. Exclude persons who spend the greatest proportion of their time in quality control, routine testing, market research, routine gathering of statistics, or other nontechnical activities or technical services. 74 P L A N N I N G . — Enter in column (3) of item 2 the number of scientists and engineers included in column (1) who primarily perform or supervise technical activities concerned with formulating, initiating, or improving governmental pro grams, policies, legislation, or standards. Include scientists and engineers engaged in such activities as preliminary engi neering and design of new highways, developing health programs, initiating conservation projects, devising new construction programs, etc. INSPECTION.— Enter in column (4) of item 2 the number of scientists and engineers included in column (1) who primarily perform or supervise technical activities which deal with the enforcement of governmental laws, regulations, standards, or programs. Include scientists and engineers engaged in such activities as testing and analysis of soils and material used in road construction, of food and fertilizers for composition and compliance with State regulations, of drugs, medicines, and cosmetics for deterioration and adulteration, etc. Also include those who inspect private hospitals, ware houses, restaurants, etc. for compliance with State regulations. O P E R A T I O N S A N D SERVICES.— Enter in column (3) of item 2 the number of scientists and engineers included in column (1) who spend the greatest proportion of their time performing or supervising technical activities primarily related to the regular operation of government programs other than inspection. Include scientists and engineers engaged in such activities as managing forests and parks; purchasing materials; letting contracts; constructing and maintaining high ways, hospitals, and other public works; controlling insects; field exploration for minerals, fuels, and other natural resources; operating fish hatcheries; etc. ALL O T H E R FUNCTIONS.— Enter in column (6) of item 2 the number of scientists and engineers included in column (1) who spend the greatest proportion of their time performing functions other than those listed in columns (2) through (5). 75 U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W a s h i n g t o n 25, D'.C. In reply please refer to No. 341 Gentlemen: The Bureau of Labor* Statistics is conducting a survey to provide data on the 1962 employment of scientific and technical personnel by the 50 State governments. The information requested is comparable to that obtained in a similar survey conducted in 1959. The findings of this survey— together with similar studies of other segments of our economy— will be used in assessing the country's present and future needs for scientists, engineers, and technicians and in formulating policies and programs to strengthen our resources of scientific and technical personnel. We hope the results will also be useful to State governments in evaluating their own scientific manpower needs and policies. Your cooperation in providing the information requested in the enclosed questionnaire is of great importance to the success of this undertaking. Questionnaires are being mailed only to a selected group of agencies in each State, and separate replies are needed from all of these agencies, even those which do not employ any scientists, engineers. or technicians. Please include in your return data for all organizational units within the particular department or agency to which the questionnaire is addressed except those units which your questionnaire indicates should be excluded. A duplicate copy of each questionnaire is enclosed for your files. We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt response to this survey. If you have any questions regarding coverage or the interpreta tion of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Harold Liebling of our Washington staff (Executive 3-2420, extension 2607) or write to me. Enclosures Sincerely yours, 76 U.S. D E P A R T M EN T O F LA B O R BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W ashington 25, D.C. In r e p ly p le a s e r e f e r t o N o , 341 Gentlemeni Several weeks ago we wrote you regarding a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of scientific and technical personnel employed by State Governments. Since we have not yet received a reply, we are writing again to request your cooperation. This survey is part of a comprehensive program of studies of scientific and technical personnel being undertaken by the Federal Government. The findings of these studies will be used in assessing the country*s present and future needs for such personnel and in formulating scientific manpower policies and programs. Information about your agency is important to the success of this survey. Sven if you do not employ scientists, engineers, or technicians, it is Important that the questionnaire be returned to u s . (if this is the case, only the first page need be lilted in.) Reasonable estimates w ill be satisfactory. I f information i s not available on a l l items covered by the questionnaire, please supply as much as possible. For your convenience, we are enclosing additional copies of the form. I f your agency i s included in the report of another agenoy or department, please advise us. We sh all be extremely grateful for a prompt response to th is survey. I f you have any quastions regarding coverage or interpretation of the questionnaire, please c a ll Mr. Harold L ie b lin g of our Waahington ataff (Executive 3*2420, extension 2607) or write to me. Very tru ly yours, Inolosures 77 U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F LABO R BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTIC* W ashington 25, D . C . In r e p ly p le a s e r e f e r t o N o . 341 Gentlemen: In early July, we wrote you regarding a survey of scientific and technical personnel employed by State governments. In August we wrote you again on this matter. According to our records, we have not yet received your reply. We are aware, of course, of the pressing obligations of your own work. However, because of the Federal Government's vital need for data o n the country's manpower needs and resources, we are contacting you once again to urge you to complete and mail the questionnaire. A report from your organization Is very important even if you do not employ scientists, engineers, or technicians. (If this is the case, only the first page need be filled in.)------Reasonable estimates will be satisfactory. If information is not available on all items covered by the questionnaire, please supply as much as possible. For your convenience, we are enclosing additional copies of the form. Please return one in the enclosed envelope and retain one for your files. If your agency is included in the report of another agency or department, please advise us. We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt reply. If you have any questions regarding coverage or interpretation of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Harold Liebling of our Washington staff (Executive 3*2420, extension 2607) or write to me. Sincerely yours, Enclosures ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE :1964 0-735-216
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