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/. - ? . 3 : Area Wage Survey Bulletin 2025-15 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Birmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area March 1978 Preface T h i s b u l l e t i n p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a M a r c h 1978 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s in the B i r m i n g h a m , A l a b a m a , S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a . T h e s u r v e y w a s m a d e a s p a r t o f the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It w a s c o n d u c t e d b y the B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in A t l a n t a , G a . , u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f J e r r y G. A d a m s , A ssista n t R eg ion a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O perations. T h e s u r v e y c o u l d not h av e b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d w ith o u t th e c o o p e r a t i o n o f the m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e a nd s a l a r y data p r o v i d e d th e b a s i s f o r th e s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in th is b u ll e t in . T h e B u r e a u w i s h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r the coop eration receiv ed . M a t e r i a l in this p u b l i c a t i o n is in the p u b l i c d o m a i n a n d m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d w ith o u t p e r m i s s i o n o f the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t . P lea se cred it the B u r e a u p u b lic a t i o n . of Labor Statistics and cite th e nam e and num ber of this Note: R e p o r t s o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s o n l y in th e B i r m i n g h a m a r e a a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r the m o v i n g and s t o r a g e and the l a u n d r y and d r y c l e a n i n g i n d u s t r i e s ( M a r c h 1978). A l s o a v a i l a b l e a r e l i s t i n g s o f u n io n w a g e r a t e s f o r s e v e n s e l e c t e d b u ild in g t r a d e s . F r e e c o p ie s of th ese a re available fr o m the B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . ( S e e b a c k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s . ) Area Wage Survey Birmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area March 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner June 1978 Bulletin 2025-15 Contents I n t r o d u c t io n __ j ______________________________________ Page 2 T a b le s : A. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. E a rn in gs , all e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; A - l . W eekly earn in gs o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s __ 3 A - 2 . W e e k ly earn in gs o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ica l w o r k e r s ______________ 6 A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in gs o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and te chn ic a l w o r k e r s , b y s e x _________ 8 A - 4. H ourly earn in gs o f m a in ten a nce, t o o l r o o m , and pow erp la nt w o r k e r s _______________________________ 10 A - 5. H o urly earn in gs o f m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and cu st o d ia l w o r k e r s __ 11 A - 6. A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs o f main te n ance, t o o l r o o m , p o w e r plant, m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t, and cu stodia l w o r k e r s , by s e x _________ 13 A - 7 . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a ve ra ge hourly ea rn in gs , adjusted f o r em p lo ym e n t shifts, f o r s e le c t e d o ccu pa tio na l g r o u p s _________________ 14 App end ix A . A pp end ix B. Scope and m e tho d o f s u r v e y _________ 15 O ccu pa tio na l d e s c r i p t i o n s ___________ 18 Introduction T h i s a r e a i s 1 o f 75 in w h i c h th e U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y ^ o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s . (See l i s t o f a r e a s o n i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e c o l l e c t e d a nn u a lly . I n f o r m a t i o n on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f i t s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) is o b t a i n e d e v e r y t h i r d y e a r . T h is r e p o r t has n o B - s e r i e s t a b l e s . E a c h y e a r a f t e r a ll i n d i v i d u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e d , t w o s u m m a r y b u ll e t in s a r e i s s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r i n g s t o g e t h e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a t io n a l and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d a ta , f o r a ll S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in the U n ite d S t a t e s , e x c l u d i n g A l a s k a and H a w a ii. A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is th e n e e d t o d e s c r i b e th e l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , t h r o u g h th e a n a l y s i s o f (1) th e l e v e l and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n , and (2) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l . T h e p r o g r a m d e v e l o p s i n f o r m a t i o n that m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , i n c lu d in g w a g e and s a l a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g pla n t l o c a t i o n . S u r v e y r e s u l t s a l s o a r e u s e d b y th e U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g d d e t e r m i n a t i o n s u n d e r th e S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1965. A - s e r i e s ta b le s T a b l e s A - l th r o u g h A - 6 p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y o r h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t i o n s c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . F o r th e 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , t a b l e s A - 8 t h r o u g h A - 13 p r o v i d e s i m i l a r data f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b le A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k i l l e d p la n t w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s and f o r m a n u f a c tu r in g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g s e p a r a t e l y . D ata a r e not p r e s e n t e d f o r s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g b e c a u s e the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in th is o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g is t o o s m a l l t o w arrant separate presen tation. T h is table p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e of w age t r e n d s a f t e r e l i n i m a t i o n o f c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s c a u s e d b y e m p l o y m e n t s h ift s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s as w e l l as t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n c l u d e d in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . F o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , s e e a p p e n d ix A. Appendixes A p p e n d ix A d e s c r i b e s th e m e t h o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m and p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n on the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . A p p e n d ix B p r o v i d e s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y o c c u p a t i o n . u sed by B ureau field e c o n o A. E a r n in g s S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le s . 3 Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978— Continued N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n in g s o f — O c c u p a t i o n and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n workers Average weekly hours1 90 Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 s $ * s s 180 190 200 210 220 240 % 260 180 190 200 210 220 240 260 280 11 2 9 4 6 3 3 1 2 1 1 “ 3 1 2 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 - 12 12 7 6 3 1 1 - - 1 1 1 ~ - “ ~ 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 9 9 1 1 - - - “ “ ” “ “ s 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 % 170 110 120 1 30 140 150 160 170 161 161 147 121 6 115 103 116 10 106 49 30 2 28 12 17 4 13 6 28 6 22 4 - 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 s S * * $ * * $ 280 % 300 300 320 s * S S 320 340 360 340 360 3 80 and under 100 A L L WORKERS— CONTINUED F I L E C L E R K S ---------------------------------------------------------------N A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 507 36 671 326 39.0 40.0 39.0 39.0 $ 123.00 143.50 121.50 114.50 $ 116.50 139.50 116.00 111.00 $ $ 106.50-128.00 120.00-154.00 106.50-125.00 106.50-118.00 F I L E C L E R K S t C L A S S A --------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------- 33 25 39.5 39.5 160.50 158.50 157.50 1 57.50 150.50-169.00 150.50-165.00 - F I L E C L E R K S . C L A S S B --------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 169 146 66 39.0 39.0 38.5 135.50 134.50 125.00 126.50 126.50 122.50 121.00-140.50 121.00-138.00 116.50-130.50 ~ 5 5 1 29 29 22 54 53 26 23 22 6 10 10 6 10 10 4 1 F I L E C L E R K S . C L A S S C --------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 325 302 254 39.5 39.5 39.0 113.50 112.00 110.50 1 10.00 108.00 1 06.50 106.50-118.00 106.50-116.50 106.50-115.00 - 156 156 146 91 85 80 60 53 23 6 5 5 3 6 3 3 “ “ “ N E S S E NG E RS ------------------------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 103 99 38 39.0 39.0 39.0 141.00 141.03 131.50 140.50 1 39.00 130.50 124.00-147.50 123.00-146.50 111.50-145.50 - 14 14 9 10 10 4 20 19 6 28 26 12 5 4 ~ 7 7 5 ~ 11 11 “ “ S WI T C HB OA RD O P E RA T O RS -----------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------R E T A I L T RA OE ----------------------------------------------- 122 106 29 40.0 40.0 39.0 139.50 137.00 117.50 133.00 1 32.50 114.03 116.50-161.00 116.00-158.50 106.00-124.00 4 4 4 11 11 10 28 22 4 14 14 6 16 16 1 9 9 1 7 5 i 9 7 1 8 6 1 S WI T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S N A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RAOE --------------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E ----------------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 212 59 153 29 30 38 35 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 38.0 154.00 163.00 150.50 176.00 166.50 14C.50 138.00 150.00 160.00 150.00 152.00 154.00 134.00 141.00 130.00-166.50 140.00-173.50 130.00-155.00 140.00-170.00 153.50-190.00 130.00-154.00 108.00-155.00 - 15 6 6 19 12 7 - “ 10 1 “ 34 14 20 8 2 “ 10 44 2 42 8 13 9 10 24 13 11 “ 1 6 4 13 3 10 5 2 2 “ 28 1 27 2 1 20 1 ORDER C L E R K S ------------------------------------------------------------N A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE --------------------------------------- 220 47 173 119 40.0 39.5 40.0 43.0 171.50 151.00 177.50 193.50 173.50 144.00 177.50 182.00 144.00-182.00 135.00-171.00 150.00-185.00 177.50-218.50 - 6 6 6 1 1 1 15 6 9 23 10 13 4 21 12 9 " 27 6 21 3 16 1 15 6 ORDER C L E R K S . C L A S S A -----------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE -------------------------------------- 41 35 35 39.5 40.0 40.0 224.00 231.00 231.00 2 21.50 235.00 235.00 184.50-253.00 208.00-264.50 208.00-264.50 - * - “ “ - 3 3 3 ORDER C L E R K S . C L A S S B -----------------------------N A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RAOE -------------------------------------- 179 41 138 84 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 159.50 146.50 163.50 177.50 155.00 144.00 173.50 182.00 140.50-181.50 135.00-155.00 142.00-182.00 174.00-182.03 “ 6 1 1 1 15 6 9 23 10 13 4 21 12 9 “ 128 8 120 6 43 67 109 4 105 23 15 41 14 1 25 116 31 28 20 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S ----------------------------------------------N A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N N A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE -------------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E ----------------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- S ee f o o t n o t e s 1.201 226 975 179 201 245 39.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 39.5 38.0 164.00 198.50 156.00 153.50 136.00 139.50 151.50 180.50 148.50 146.00 1 34.00 129.50 131.00-186.50 150.00-220.00 125.50-175.00 135.50-158.50 114.00-156.00 115.50-155.00 “ ” - 19 _ 19 19 - 15 2 6 6 32 32 ~ 9 19 at end o f ta b le s . 4 “ 127 14 113 37 19 15 - - - “ ~ - - - - ~ - " - ” - “ 5 5 “ 1 1 1 " 1 1 “ “ ~ - - “ ~ 6 6 2 1 6 4 - 2 1 - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 2 4 4 4 - 17 12 5 2 3 - ~ " - 3 i 2 - - 1 1 1 - - ” “ “ - 1 ~ “ - - “ - - - ~ - - - ” 3 - 3 3 - * - ~ ” “ “ ~ ~ “ 8 ~ 8 8 10 " 10 10 8 “ 8 8 3 “ 3 3 ~ ” ” “ 3 3 ~ ~ ” “ 3 3 3 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 ~ - - - - - - - - - ” ~ ~ “ “ “ ” 6 31 6 6 3 2 3 “ “ 15 “ 15 15 55 12 43 43 9 ~ 9 9 ~ 3 3 3 - 6 “ 3 3 3 24 6 18 ” 13 1 12 3 15 “ 15 15 49 6 43 43 6 6 6 159 31 128 37 25 35 80 12 68 9 19 12 57 8 49 4 18 10 51 22 29 9 4 2 73 23 50 6 2 20 ' 24 5 19 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 16 98 33 9 80 31 8 6 2 4 * 1 - Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978— Continued "^"weekl ^Tarnl ngs^™ ( standard) O c c u p a t i o n and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Average weekly hours1 standard) Number of workers ' l umbe r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g st r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of----% Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range 2 % $ 90 S s s $ $ $ s $ S $ $ $ s s S s 5 S 100 110 120 130 140 1 50 1 60 170 180 190 20 0 210 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 110 120 130 140 150 1 60 170 180 190 200 2 10 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 9 9 1 4 24 24 ~ 6 14 37 1 36 1 16 20 3 17 3 5 8 20 3 17 2 1 7 15 7 8 3 1 1 48 14 34 11 3 20 13 3 10 5 4 1 4 1 3 2 1 ~ 17 10 7 4 3 ~ 31 1 30 25 4 1 6 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 31 28 3 3 - 6 6 - “ 6 6 1 5 3 3 - 128 8 120 6 43 67 103 4 99 22 15 36 1 18 14 104 36 19 11 117 25 92 25 28 6 122 30 92 36 6 19 60 9 51 4 19 4 37 5 32 3 16 3 36 15 21 8 3 1 25 9 16 3 2 11 2 9 1 1 12 6 6 3 - 81 8 73 - 2 1 1 - 2 2 - 4 4 - _ 10 10 4 i 24 24 1 1 10 10 11 10 11 10 7 1 3 2 - 1 - - ” “ - - 10 - 9 11 11 7 3 - 1 - 10 10 4 i 14 14 1 1 1 1 _ _ - _ _ _ - - 13 13 14 9 10 10 3 - 14 11 11 10 _ _ - - 13 13 14 9 10 10 3 13 10 11 10 n 1 10 5 14 6 8 1 21 16 5 26 12 14 6 9 5 4 115 4 i n 24 21 22 93 8 85 20 15 22 124 17 107 14 7 9 and under 100 A L L WORKERS— CONTINUED ACCOUNTING CLERKS - CONTINUED A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A ------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RADE -----------------------------F I N A N C E ---------------------------------------------------- 292 84 208 60 32 78 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.0 40.0 38.5 $ 205.00 251.50 186.00 228.00 187.50 167.50 $ 192.00 239.50 1 77.50 238.50 191.50 160.50 $ $ 159.00-249.00 190.00-304.50 151.00-200.00 195.00-250.50 153.00-219.00 149.50-194.00 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S B -----MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------R E T A I L T R A D E -------------------------------------F I N A N C E ---------------------------------------------------- 9 09 142 767 147 179 167 39.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 39.5 38.0 151.00 167.50 1 48.00 146.00 133.00 126.03 1 45.00 156.00 140.50 144.00 1 32.50 119.00 OPERATORS — -------------------------------- 82 69 40.0 40.0 159.00 154.50 B O O K K E E P I N G - MA C H I N E OPERATORS C L A S S A ---------------------------------------------------------- 52 40.0 B OO K K E E P I N G - MA C H I N E OPERATORS C L A S S B ---------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------- 30 27 MA C HI NE B I L L E R S ------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------- - - 124.50-165.50 144.00-180.50 122.00-163.50 132.00-152.00 114.00-151.50 112.50-132.50 19 19 19 ~ 32 32 9 19 164.00 149.50 140.00-180.00 140.00-170.00 - - 172.00 170.00 164.00-180.00 ~ - - 40.0 40.0 137.00 137.00 140.00 140.00 124.00-142.50 124.00-145.00 _ _ _ “ “ “ 67 55 40.0 40.0 130.0J 150.00 142.00 142.00 134.00-160.50 134.00-160.53 - _ _ B I L L I N G - M A C H I N E B I L L E R S -------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------- 66 54 40.0 40.0 150.00 150.00 142.00 142.00 134.00-160.50 134.00-160.50 P A Y R O L L C L E R K S ---------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------R E T A I L T R A D E -------------------------------------- 195 93 102 42 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 1 84.00 194.50 174.50 172.00 181.00 186.50 178.50 182.50 155.50-202.50 159.00-212.50 146.50-201.50 132.00-201.50 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------F I N A N C E --------------------------------------------------- 682 112 570 119 83 139 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 38.5 154.00 182.50 148.50 173.50 150.50 132.00 146.50 172.50 140.50 156.50 141.00 129.50 130.00-162.50 153.30-224.50 129.50-156.00 137.00-216.53 130.50-164.50 115.00-144.00 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------F I N A N C E -------------------------------------------------- 177 27 150 28 39.5 40.0 39.5 38.5 163.00 187.00 159.00 147.50 156.00 185.50 1 54.00 147.00 152.50-176.00 174.00-201.50 150.00-163.50 115.00-167.50 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------F I N A N C E --------------------------------------------------- 505 85 4 20 109 71 111 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 38.5 151.00 1 81.50 144.50 169.50 146.00 128.00 139.50 171.50 138.00 148.00 136.00 124.50 128.00-155.50 144.00-241.50 127.00-153.00 136.00-194.00 130.00-153.00 114.50-140.00 BOOKKEEPING- MACHINE N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G See fo o tn o te s - ~ - - “ - - - - 1 5 - - 1 1 5 5 35 1 34 4 46 5 41 2 25 22 79 8 71 5 17 25 10 6 6 10 10 6 i 6 “ 11 11 3 36 5 31 2 12 73 8 65 5 17 24 1 09 4 105 24 21 22 82 8 74 20 14 19 - — — - - 35 1 34 4 * 25 at end o f ta b le s. 6 1 5 2 5 _ - - - “ - - - - - - - - 16 6 10 9 17 2 15 10 10 7 3 - 19 8 11 1 43 6 37 6 4 5 30 10 20 4 3 2 18 7 11 2 5 4 12 6 6 4 1 1 22 8 14 3 9 1 6 4 2 1 22 69 3 61 4 27 4 23 3 13 1 12 1 13 6 7 4 10 6 4 1 8 4 4 1 4 3 1 - 4 4 60 14 46 14 4 5 16 2 14 6 2 2 17 9 8 3 2 1 5 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 - 14 4 10 1 9 2 1 1 1 - 1 - - 10 9 1 28 28 " - - - - - - _ - . ~ “ “ " “ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ 23 14 9 2 - - - “ - - - - ~ 2 2 - 2 2 - _ _ - - - - - - ~ - - ” ” - - - 4 4 _ _ - - - - - - 3 2 1 " - - - _ 9 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ - - 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 18 28 28 - 8 8 8 - - - - - - - - - - - 22 21 1 - 18 18 - - - - able A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f — O c c u p a t i o n and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n AL L Number of woikers (standard) 100 120 190 160 180 % 200 and under - - - - 120 1 90 160 180 200 s Average weekly Me m2 Median 2 Middle range 2 s t $ $ < s s s s 22 0 290 260 280 30 0 % 3 20 % 390 - - - - - - - 220 290 260 280 300 320 ” 1 1 1 1 5 9 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ " " " - 1 1 s s s * $ $ s $ 360 380 900 9 20 990 960 980 - - - - - - - - and 500 390 360 380 9 00 920 9 90 960 980 500 over 12 10 13 12 10 10 9 7 11 9 5 5 5 5 2 2 1 1 2 2 i i 1 1 1 1 6 5 10 8 2 2 3 3 2 2 ~ 2 2 i i 1 3 1 - 1 - - 1 1 ~ ~ “ i i “ WORKERS COMPUTER S YS T EM S A N A L Y S TS ( B U S I N E S S ) -----------------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ------------------------------------- 89 76 39.5 39.5 $ 359.50 355.50 $ 396.50 396.50 $ $ 315.00-389.00 318.00-386.00 ' COMPUTER S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T S ( B U S I N E S S ) . C L AS S A ----------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ------------------------------------COMPUTER S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T S ( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B ---------------------------- 28 25 3B 39.5 39.5 39.5 900.50 903.00 335.50 387.50 391.00 336.50 _ _ ~ " 308.00-399.50 - - - 373.00-928.00 379.50-928.00 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) — MA NU F A C TU R IN G --------------------------------------------N ONM AN UFA CT UR IN G ------------------------------------F I N A N C E --------------------------------------------------------- 225 42 183 82 39.5 90.0 39.5 39.0 276.00 295.00 272.00 252.00 263.50 276.00 260.00 249.00 290.50-311.50 259.50-391.50 231.00-306.50 231.00-289.50 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) CL AS S A -------------------------------------------------------------N ONM AN UFA CT UR IN G ------------------------------------- 62 53 39.5 39.5 316.50 311.00 309.50 305.00 291.00-395.00 2 8 8 . S O - 3 4 5 . 00 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) C L AS S B ------------------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G ------------------------------------ 94 79 39.5 39.5 284.50 282.50 269.00 269.00 299.00-329.00 299.00-319.50 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) C LAS S, C ------------------------------------------------------------NONMAN UFA CT UR ING ------------------------------------ 69 51 39.5 39.0 228.50 215.00 231.00 225.50 190.50-253.00 185.00-231.00 COMPUTER OP E R AT O RS --------------------------------------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------NONMA NU FAC TU RIN G -----------------------------------W HOLESA LE TRADE --------------------------------R E T A I L TRA DE ----------------------------------------F I N A N C E -------------------------------------------------------- 369 66 303 33 95 71 39.0 40.0 38.5 90.0 40.0 38.5 200.50 192.50 202.50 201.00 190.03 161.50 196.00 180.00 210.00 183.00 193.50 166.00 167.00-291.00 159.00-210.00 168.00-291.00 160.00-228.00 189.50-196.00 121.00-169.00 1 1 “ ~ ' ' " _ _ _ ' - - 2 1 1 ~ 4 4 3 13 1 12 U 12 2 10 2 3 3 6 9 7 2 20 7 13 7 2 5 2 2 1 1 - 4 4 23 23 16 53 13 40 16 27 6 21 10 15 4 ii 5 23 2 21 16 16 1 15 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ 19 17 4 3 12 9 4 4 2 2 1 1 i “ 9 7 - ~ 2 2 - ~ 5 5 - “ 3 3 - “ _ _ _ _ 6 4 4 4 26 25 23 18 4 4 4 4 12 12 8 4 1 1 1 3 3 1 - - - ~ 1 ~ - ~ 1 1 2 1 4 4 12 12 6 6 16 16 22 10 2 1 2 _ - - - - - - - - - ” ~ 2 ” - - 22 1 21 32 17 15 2 i 7 55 5 50 13 7 22 75 25 50 5 23 4 26 7 19 9 4 97 1 46 5 i 85 1 84 5 2 6 3 3 2 1 6 3 3 3 - 1 i - - 1 1 - - “ - - - ~ ” “ - - 3 1 2 2 “ _ 10 10 10 3 18 “ “ “ " ~ “ “ “ “ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ------- 29 39.0 219.00 198.50 189.00-279.00 - 1 4 2 9 2 2 1 1 5 1 - - 1 - - - - - ~ - COMPUTER O P E R A TO R S . C L A S S R ------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G -----------------------------------F I N A N C E -------------------------------------------------------- 262 26 236 39 38.5 90.0 38.5 38.5 211.00 201.00 212.00 180.50 227.50 189.50 236.00 167.00 178.50-291.00 166.00-210.00 182.00-291.00 166.00-179.50 ■ 10 1 9 6 19 5 9 3 93 4 39 20 35 4 31 3 29 7 17 2 43 93 84 i 83 2 5 2 3 1 1 1 - - 3 1 2 2 ” - - ~ “ ~ - - - - “ - CO MPUTER O P E R A TO R S . C L A S S C ------NONMAN UFA CT UR ING ------------------------------------ 78 95 39.5 39.0 159.00 152.50 169.50 157.50 129.00-180.00 121.00-183.00 10 10 11 11 19 2 10 10 31 10 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - “ ~ “ “ - “ ~ “ D RA FT E R S ------------------------------------------------------------------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G -----------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 6 28 189 4 39 93 40.0 90.0 90.0 39.0 259.00 298.50 256.00 222.50 235.50 236.00 227.50 222.50 197.00-311.00 195.00-290.00 2 0 0 . J O - 3 1 9 . 50 202.00-232.50 5 5 - 9 7 2 52 3 49 3 44 18 26 9 51 20 31 10 86 19 72 10 83 31 52 90 35 10 25 7 91 19 22 8 93 17 26 4 32 7 25 2 30 5 25 ~ 56 29 32 25 6 19 12 12 12 3 9 5 3 “ ” “ “ 5 ~ 3 ~ 3 3 ~ 1 “ 1 ~ “ D R A F T E R S . C L AS S A -----------------------------------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------- 235 79 40.0 90.0 325.50 308.00 335.00 307.50 280.00-362.00 277.00-398.50 - - - - 8 3 13 6 15 1 21 10 27 16 18 5 23 3 50 22 25 6 12 11 2 5 3 3 1 - COMPUTER OPERATORS. S ee f o o t n o t e s CLASS - at end o f t a b l e s . 6 - ” ~ Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978— Continued ^^Weekl ^earnl ng^^™ (standard) O c c u p a t i o n a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of wodeers Average weekly hours1 (standard) Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 Number of w orkers receiving straight-tim e weekly earnings of— 1 00 120 and _ 140 160 _ 140 180 _ 160 200 _ 180 _ 200 220 _ 220 240 _ 240 260 _ 260 280 _ 280 300 320 _ 300 _ 320 340 340 360 _ _ 360 380 380 _ 400 _ 400 4 20 _ 420 440 _ 4 40 460 480 500 480 500 over _ 460 _ and A L L UO R K ER S — CONTINUED DRAFTERS - CONTINUED D R A F T E R S . C L A S S B -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R IN G -------------------------------N O NM A N U FA C TU RI N G ------------------------ 213 61 152 40.0 40.0 40.0 $ 234.00 227.50 237.00 $ 2 13.50 2 25.00 2 11.50 $ $ 202.50-264.50 196.00-236.00 202.50-276.00 - - - D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R IN G -------------------------------N ON MA N UF A C TU RI N G ----------------------- 139 49 90 40.0 40.0 40.0 176.50 199.50 164.00 1 62.50 1 80.00 157.50 150.50-185.00 164.00-223.50 150.50-168.00 E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N S -----------N O N M A N U FA C TU R IN G ----------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 242 229 210 40.0 40.0 40.0 303.00 299.50 307.00 2 93.00 293.00 293.00 293.00-322.50 293.00-322.50 293.00-322.50 R E G I S T E R E D I N D U S T R I A L N URS ES M A N U F A C T U R IN G -------------------------------- 42 36 40.0 40.0 240.00 237.00 2 39.00 235.00 221.00-252.00 221.00-248.50 S ee fo o tn o te s 1 5 4 1 36 14 22 68 8 60 31 20 11 16 6 10 17 6 11 9 7 2 51 3 48 38 14 2a 15 9 3 6 5 5 a 3 3 “ 3 i _ _ - - 6 6 3 3 - 5 5 - 3 3 - i i - _ _ _ _ - - 1 at e n d o f t a b l e s . 7 6 9 - - - 2 2 2 7 15 14 10 9 9 7 6 16 1 15 - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 5 1 - - - - - - - 12 5 a - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 l l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 - - - - - - - - _ 12 - - _ - - - - - - 12 5 110 110 109 _ i - - a a 5 95 95 95 - - Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex. in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978 Average (mean2) S ex, 1 occupation, OFFICE and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n OCCUPATIONS - Number of workers Week by hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ 144.00 144.00 78 66 66 40.0 40.0 40.0 196.50 206.50 206.50 ORDER C L E R K S . C L AS S A ------------N O NH A N UF A C TU R IN G -----------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE ----------------------- 35 35 35 90.0 90.0 90.0 231.00 231.00 231.00 ORDER C L E R K S . C L AS S B -------------N ON HA N UF A C T UR IN G -------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE ---------------------- 43 31 31 40.0 40.0 90.0 169.00 178.50 178.50 A C C O U N T IN G C L ER K S ------------------------------M A N UF A C TU R IN G ---------------------------------- 101 49 39.0 40.0 226.00 274.00 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K S . C L A S S A MA N U F A C TU R IN G --------------------------------- 65 34 40.0 40.0 283.00 302.50 A C C O U N T IN G 56 38.5 179.50 OFFICE CLASS OCCUPATIONS - B UOHEN S E C R E T A R I E S ---------------------------M A N UF A C TU R IN G -------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S U H O L E S A L E TRADE - 1 t068 185 8 83 267 53 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 201.50 223.50 197.00 242.00 169.50 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS A NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G — 96 75 39.5 39.5 217.50 210.00 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L AS S B M A N UF A C TU R IN G -------------N ON MA NU FAC TU RIN G — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S F I N A N C E ------------------------- 2 36 41 195 42 62 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 211.50 243.60 205.00 266.00 193.00 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L AS S C MA N U F A C TU R IN G -------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 309 44 260 107 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 206.50 218.50 204.50 244.00 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L AS S D M A N UF A C TU R IN G -------------N ON HA N UF A C T UR IN G — 9 20 75 395 39.5 40.0 39.5 189.00 208.00 185.00 STE N OG RA PH E R S ----------------------MA N U F A C TU R IN G ------------N ON MA NU FAC TUR IN G — U H O L E S A L E TRADE - 706 85 621 92 39.0 40.0 38.5 40.0 178.00 172.50 179.00 176.50 S ee fo o t n o t e s Weekly hours1 [standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O F FIC E OCCUPATIONS UOMEN— C O N T I N U E D ST EN OG R APH ER S - C O N T IN U E D 544 73 38.5 40.0 $ 173.00 172.50 31 40.0 171.00 --------------------------------- 162 150 39.5 39.5 195.00 196.50 TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE T Y P IS T S M A N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ---------------------- 116 32 84 39.5 40.0 39.0 152.50 163.00 148.50 T Y P I S T S --------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ---------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------ 483 134 349 73 187 39.0 40.0 39.0 39.0 38.5 135.00 136.00 134.50 165.50 121.00 T Y P I S T S . C L AS S A ------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ---------------------- 73 72 38.5 38.5 170.00 170.50 T Y P I S T S . C L A S S B ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ---------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------ 410 133 277 181 39.5 40.0 39.0 38.5 129.00 136.00 125.50 120.00 F I L E C L ERK S -------------------------------------------M A NU F A C T U RI NG ------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ---------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------F I N A N C E ----------------------------------------- 472 35 4 37 34 3 25 39.0 40.0 39.0 38.5 39.0 121.50 140.50 120.00 164.50 114.00 26 39.5 158.00 GE NER AL -------------------------------------n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g : U H O L E S A L E TRADE -------------------s en io r n on m a n u fa ctu r in g FILE CLERKS. CLASS a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n O F FIC E OCCUPATIONS UOMEN— C O N T I N U E D STENOGRAPHERS. M A N U F A C T U R IN G STENOGRAPHERS, Sex, 1 occupation, A F IL E CLERK S. CLASS B N ON MA NU FAC TU RIN G -■ PUB LIC U T I L I T I E S F I N A N C E ----------------------- 121 116 31 65 39.0 38.5 38.5 38.5 135.00 134.03 163.00 124.50 F I L E C L E R K S . C L A S S C --------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TU RIN G ----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 25 302 254 39.5 39.5 39.0 113.50 112.00 110.50 MESSENGERS ------------------------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ----------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 49 48 28 39.0 39.0 39.0 138.00 137.50 127.00 S U IT C H B O A R D OP E RAT OR S -----------------------------------NONMA NU FAC TUR ING -----------------------------------------R E T A I L TRA DE ----------------------------------------------- 120 104 29 40.0 40.0 39.0 139.50 136.50 117.50 S U IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S M A N U F A C T U R IN G -------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE --------------------------------------R E T A I L TRAOE ----------------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 212 59 153 29 30 38 35 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 38.0 154.00 163.00 150.50 176.00 166.50 140.50 138.00 at e n d o f t a b l e s . 8 Weekly hours1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) - ORDER C L ER K S ------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T UR IN G ------------------------------------------- 142 35 40.0 39.5 $ 158.00 153.50 ORDER C L E R K S . C L A S S B ----------------------M A N U F A C T UR IN G ------------------------------------------- 136 29 40.0 40.0 157.00 147.50 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K S ----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------------------N O N H A N UF A C TU RI N G ----------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE -------------------------------R E T A I L TR AD E ---------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------- 1.091 177 914 246 175 199 236 39.0 40.0 39.0 38.5 40.0 39.5 38.0 158.50 178.00 155.00 187.50 152.50 136.00 139.50 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K S . C L A S S A --------MA N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TUR IN G ----------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE -------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------ 242 50 192 52 31 73 39.0 40.0 39.0 39.0 40.0 38.0 191.50 216.50 185.00 228.50 184.00 168.50 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K S . C L A S S B -------MA N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TU RIN G ----------------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE -------------------------------R E T A I L TR A D E ---------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------ 849 127 7 22 144 177 163 39.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 39.5 38.0 149.00 162.50 147.00 145.50 133.00 126.50 OPERATORS — ---------------------------------- 82 69 40.0 40.0 159.00 154.50 BO OKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATORS. CL AS S A ------------------------------------------------------------ 52 O 39.5 39.5 and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers o *3" 54 51 OROER C L E R K S --------------------------------------------N ON hA N U FA C TU R IN G -------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE ---------------------- CLERKS. Sex , 3 o c c u p a t i o n , MEN MESSENGERS --------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G ------------------------- Average (mean1) Averaae (mean2) Number of workers 172.00 BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATO RS. CL AS S B ----------------------------------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TUR IN G --------------------------------- 30 27 40.0 40.0 137.00 137.00 MACHINE B I L L E R S --------------------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TUR IN G --------------------------------- 65 53 40. 0 146.50 40.0 145.50 B I L L I N G - M A C H I N E B I L L E R S ---------------NO NMA N U FA CT U RI N G --------------------------------- 64 52 40.0 40.0 146.00 145.50 PAYRO LL C L E R K S -----------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R IN G -----------------------------------------N ON MA NU FAC TUR IN G --------------------------------R E T A I L TRADE --------------------------------------- 179 82 97 42 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 178.50 183.50 174.00 172.00 KEY E N T R Y OP E R AT O RS --------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R IN G -----------------------------------------NO NM A N UF A C TU RI N G --------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------------------U H O L E S A L E TRADE -----------------------------F I N A N C E ----------------------------------------------------- 655 112 543 107 83 124 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 38.5 152.50 182.50 146.50 164.50 150.50 131.50 BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE NO NM AN UFA CT UR IN G Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Birmingham, March 1978— Continued Average (me an' ) S ex , 3 o c c u p a t i o n , and i n d u s t r y d iv is io n OFFI CE OCCUPATIONS UO NE N— C O N T I N U E O KEY E N T R Y OPERATORS - of w o lk e n Weekhr hour* (ftandard) Weekly earnings* (standard) Se x , o c c u p a t i o n , and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATI ONS - - Average (mean2) Average (mean2) Number Number of workers Weekly hours* (standard) Weekly earnings* (standard) Sex, 3 oc cupat i on, DRAFTERS 177 27 150 28 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RA DE --------------------------------------F I N A N C E -------------------------------------------------------------- 478 85 393 97 71 96 $ 39.5 163.00 40. 0 187.00 39.5 159.00 38.5 147.50 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 .38.5 1 49.00 181.50 141.50 159.00 146.00 127.00 P R O F E S S I O N A L ANO T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN 67 60 39.5 39.5 360.00 361.50 - CONTINUED D R A F T E R S * C L A S S B -----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 196 58 40.0 40.0 I 37.0 0 228.50 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C ----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------NONMA N U F A C T U RI N G ----------------------------------------- 119 45 74 40.0 40.0 40.0 1 79.00 204.00 163.50 E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N S -----------------------------NONMA N U F A C T U RI N G -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------------ 234 221 202 40.0 40.0 40.0 302.50 299.00 306.50 C OMPUT E R PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S C ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 39.5 225.50 : -------------------------------------------------- 37 40.0 180.50 C ------------- 39 40.0 176.50 D R A F T E R S -----------------------------------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G ----------------------------------------- 81 71 39.0 39.0 207.00 211.50 40 34 40.0 40.0 240.00 236.50 C OMPUT E R PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) C L A S S B ------------------------------------------------------------NONMA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------ 71 57 39.5 39.5 $ 293.50 292.50 C OMPUT E R PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) C L A S S C ------------------------------------------------------------N ONMA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------ 41 34 39.5 39.0 230.50 216.50 COMPUT E R O P E R A T O R S --------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------N ONMA N U F A C T U RI N G -----------------------------------WHOL E S A L E TRADE --------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------- 196 29 167 28 58 39.0 40.0 38.5 40.0 38.0 189.50 207.50 186.50 194.50 160.50 A ------- 28 39.0 218.50 COMPUT E R O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B ------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------- 129 114 39.0 39.0 197.50 197.00 C ------- 39 38.5 141.50 D R A F T E R S -----------------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G ----------------------------------- 547 179 368 40.0 40.0 40.0 261.00 253.00 265.00 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S A ----------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------- 227 73 40.0 40.0 327.00 308.50 R E G I S T E R E D I N D U S T R I A L N U RS E S ---------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- CLASS P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - WOMEN computer operators MA N U F A C T U R I N G C OMP U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T S ( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B -----------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------C O MP U T E R PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G R E T A I L T RA D E — See footnotes at end o f tables C OMPUT E R 29 25 -------- 197 28 119 33 40.0 40.0 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 338.00 342.00 282.50 313.00 275.50 267.50 Weekly earnings* (standard) CONTINUED C OMPUT E R O P E R A T O R S . C O MP U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T S ( B U S I N E S S ) ------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- Weekly hours1 (standard) P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN— C O N T I N U E D AND T E C H N I C A L MEN— C O N T I N U E D CONTINUED KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A ---------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------F I N A N C E -------------------------------------------------------------- and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers OPERATORS. CLASS C OMPUT E R OPERATORS. CLASS Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978 Hourly earnings 4 Occupation and industry division Number of workers N u m b e r of w o r k e r s s 3.20 Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 S 3.60 s 3.80 s 4.00 $ 4.20 $ 4.40 * 4.60 * 4.80 $ 5.00 $ 5 .20 % 5.60 * s 6 .0 0 6 .40 % 6.80 s 7.20 s 7.60 ~i----------~ i----------~i------------ s— s S 8 . 0 0 8 . 40 8 . 8 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 6 0 1 0 . 0 0 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5 .60 6.00 6.40 6.80 7.20 7.60 8.00 8.40 - “ 1 1 10 10 12 12 5 5 15 15 7 6 14 13 22 12 10 3 3 - 82 82 40 39 1 73 73 ill 111 - - 1 22 85 37 - - 3 6 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 2 2 _ 36 36 2 2 3 3 41 41 31 31 29 29 59 59 56 50 12 12 3 3 34 30 22 22 133 133 82 82 89 89 142 142 2 14 140 63 “ 63 6° 3 32 32 24 8 28 18 10 4 32 14 18 8 33 21 12 12 23 7 16 15 1 26 26 72 37 35 35 - 14 8 6 i - 56 56 3 3 2 2 28 28 - - 98 98 36 10 28 28 12 12 94 94 33 33 9 9 3 3 28 28 ii 11 2 12 11 2 and under 3.40 all r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of----- s 3.40 and 9.20 9.6010.00 - 3 3 1 1 63 62 1 3 1 2 14 12 2 16 16 - - - - 1 1 72 72 _ - “ 16 16 - - 105 1 05 _ 33 33 _ 52 52 52 2 2 - - 5 ~ 5 1 4 - 18 18 27 27 - 13 13 i 1 4 4 4 4 22 22 8 8 6 3 over workers MA I N T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R S ---------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------- 74 72 $ 6.71 6.68 $ 6.88 6.88 $ 6.196.13- $ 7.47 7.47 MA I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S ----------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------N ONMA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------- 556 502 54 7.27 7.24 7.50 7.36 7.33 7.92 6.546.4 37.64- 7.95 7.93 7.95 - MA I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R S ---------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------- 38 27 6.09 5.99 6.66 6.66 5.764.08- 7.04 7.04 4 4 - - - 4 4 MA I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S ---------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------- 351 345 7.16 7.15 7.46 7.46 6.356.30- 8.06 8.16 - - - - - MA I N T E N A N C E ME C H A N I C S ( M A C H I N E R Y ) MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------- 869 791 7 .2 0 7.14 7.46 7.31 6.436.34- 7.95 7.93 MAI NTENANCE MECHANI CS ( MOTOR V E H I C L E S ) -----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G -----------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE ---------------------------------- 4 29 147 282 223 35 6.39 6.64 6.26 6 .4 9 5.26 6.23 6.73 5.65 6.45 4.65 4.935.794.8 54.854.65- 7.74 7.68 7.81 7.81 5.02 M I L L W R I G H T S ----------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------- 232 232 6.85 6.85 7.24 7.24 5.885.88- 7.46 7.46 MA I N T E N A N C E T R A O E S H E L P E R S ---------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------- 321 270 5.75 5.94 5.93 6.43 4.965.09- 6.76 6.76 M A C H I N E - T O O L O P E RA T O RS ( T O O L R O O M ) MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------ 7 ---------------- 65 65 6.46 6.46 6.15 6.15 6.156.15- 6.68 6.68 T OOL AND D I E MAKERS -----------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------- 109 1U0 7.22 7.24 7.35 7.35 6.616.61- 7.41 7.41 69 7.27 7.34 7.20- 7.49 STATIONARY 8 . 80 ENGINEERS See fo o tn o te s --------------------------------- - - - - - 6 6 - - - - - - - - - ~ ” ~ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - ~ 1 “ 3 3 2 2 - 1 ~ 25 13 ~ a t en d o f t a b l e s . 6 6 10 - - - - - - “ “ 3 3 - - - 9 9 8 " 32 24 “ 15 12 3 3 6 6 “ - - - - 1 3 3 - - “ “ “ - - 21 2 19 4 15 - - 1 16 15 1 20 18 ” ” - - ” - - - 1 - 1 - - - “ ” _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - 3 3 1 1 _ - - - - - 2 2 50 46 2 1 1 - - 12 12 - - 41 13 2 - - - ~ Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978 Hourly comings 4 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f— s 2.60 Number O c c u p a t i o n a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n workers Middle range 2 and under - - i 3.20 - i 3 .40 1 -----------T ■J----------- 1 ----------- I i 3.60 3.8 0 4.0 0 4 .20 4.40 4 .60 - - - .80 1 --------5.00 $ 5 .20 * 5.60 6 .00 $ 6.40 s 6.80 * 7 . 20 S 7.60 8.00 1 ---------- f — 8.40 8.80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and 4.60 4 .80 .00 5.20 5 .60 6.00 .40 6.80 7.20 7 . 60 o =* 00 Median2 i 3 .00 O o CO 8.80 over 26 14 12 12 61 35 26 106 46 60 17 1 22 22 - 2 2 2 16 15 1 1 - 75 74 1 1 - - - - - 49 3 46 6 40 - 29 4 25 4 21 “ 12 ~ 12 10 2 “ 58 11 47 4 11 32 446 446 445 i “ “ “ ~ 5 - _ _ - 9 - 12 - _ - - - - _ - - - - 9 3 6 77 34 43 ~ 12 12 - 2 2 5 4 i 3 3 - ” 20 5 15 10 ” " 15 3 12 6 8 4 4 “ 10 10 ~ 154 154 “ ~ 52 32 20 38 6 32 24 7 17 1 1 - 21 1 17 21 21 2 2 2 49 49 48 i - 20 30 30 30 - - - - 9 9 ~ 1 1 - i 1 i i - - “ - 7 7 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 82 82 - 190 190 1 63 22 74 20 54 16 28 10 82 6 76 44 13 31 25 25 29 2 32 6 26 15 11 155 138 17 75 1 707 12 695 624 71 - 9 7 24 1 110 35 75 70 2 12 12 3 10 10 10 9 9 9 13 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 6 7 7 6 24 24 24 81 71 70 - 178 178 160 47 20 27 18 13 6 7 6 28 28 26 80 12 68 68 23 6 17 9 9 2 7 3 i 1 17 13 4 12 “ “ 17 60 _ 240 _ 3 _ _ WORKERS 2.403 4 54 1.949 1.113 608 170 $ 4.96 4.96 4.96 5 . 70 4.02 3.37 $ 3.90 4.59 3.75 3.75 3.63 2.80 $ 3.634.153.603.752.802.65- $ 6.82 5.67 7.49 8.51 4.45 3.98 T R U C K D R I V E R S t L I G H T T RUC K N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------WH O L E S A L E T RADE ------------------ 214 168 134 4.19 3.87 4.11 4.34 4 . 28 4.40 3.493.173.90- 4.45 4.45 4.45 20 20 T R U C K D R I V E R S t MEDI UM T RUC K M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------WH O L E S A L E T RADE --------------------- 785 127 6 58 318 4.79 4.80 4.79 3.34 3.70 5.01 3.70 2.80 2.803.702.802.80- 6.19 5.53 7.91 3.70 62 62 T R U C K D R I V E R S . HE A V Y T RUC K ( T R A I L E R ) ----------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------------WH O L E S A L E T RA D E ------------------ 5 52 60 4 92 305 152 4.74 4.92 4.72 4.41 5.28 3.75 4.86 3.75 3.75 4.89 3.604.803.603.603.30- 5.11 4.86 5.11 3.75 7.49 _ T R U C K D R I V E R S t HE A V Y T RUC K ( OTHER THAN T R A I L E R ) : M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------ 172 4.40 4 . 15 •P 0 c 1 ALL Mean2 t 2.80 81 - _ - ■p T R U C K D R I V E R S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S W H O L E S A L E T RADE R E T A I L T R A D E ---------- - S H I P P I N G C L E R K S --------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------- 77 39 38 4.95 6.06 3.81 4.30 6.77 3.00 3.004.112.93- 6.77 7.63 4.59 - R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S -----------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RA DE -----------------------R E T A I L T R A D E --------------------------------- 135 54 81 34 47 4.72 5.60 4.13 3.86 4.33 4.75 5.79 4.03 3.75 4.46 3.634.793.443.443.30- 5.79 6.06 4.70 4.03 4.84 - 17 16 - 60 60 - - 10 10 10 - “ 1 1 1 6 6 6 - - 10 - - - 3 240 2 40 3 - - 6 6 ~ * - 13 1 12 6 6 13 3 10 9 1 7 2 5 3 2 1 - - - - 136 - - - 12 12 14 14 - 12 - 8 7 1 6 6 3 3 - 1 13 ~ 13 10 3 6 6 3 3 5 5 5 11 9 2 1 1 1 - - 10 10 - 1 20 - - 1 1 _ 11 2 9 9 1 1 - - 3 3 - - - 9 12 - 5 5 “ 7 7 ~ - 7 7 “ 2 ~ 2 2 5 5 - 5 5 9 9 3 46 46 22 1 1 - - _ 1 1 3 3 - - * - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - WAREHOUSEME N ----------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RAOE ------------------------ 239 35 204 113 4.38 5.10 4.26 4.26 4.48 4.79 3 . 50 4.48 2.804.792.752.70- 4.79 5.01 4.51 4.51 53 53 44 18 18 •“ 9 9 19 6 13 - 9 9 5 5 3 2 2 ~ ~ 3 1 2 ~ 45 1 44 44 19 18 1 “ 1 1 - - - ORDER F I L L E R S -------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RAOE ------------------------ 819 36 783 722 3.79 3.92 3.78 3.70 3.70 3.30 3.70 3 . 55 3.002.933.002.94- 4.64 4.25 4.64 4.64 - 64 i 63 63 102 7 95 95 29 “ 29 29 56 ~ 56 51 17 19 10 9 9 67 67 62 2 2 2 ~ “ 10 3 7 2 _ - 17 17 8 8 8 247 - 195 12 183 183 S H I P P I N G P A C K E R S ----------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RA OE ------------------------ 185 60 125 81 4.42 5.60 3.85 3.53 4.30 5.25 3.70 3.29 3.364.463.223.20- 5.13 5.59 4.50 3.85 7 7 3 9 9 9 3 3 3 29 4 4 4 17 * 17 12 6 5 10 10 8 8 5 27 13 14 9 3 6 6 14 6 8 3 28 18 10 11 - 1 - - - 7.54 7.52 a t en d o f t a b l e s . 1 1 1 6 6 4.964.96- S ee fo o tn o te s - 24 21 3 2 1 6.82 6.82 3 3 _ - 7 1 6 6 6.42 6.41 29 29 _ 1 1 ~ 46 41 247 2 01 “ 8 8 S H I P P I N G AND R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------ " ” - 1 1 “ 1 1 ” - - “ _ “ ~ - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - 6 6 - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - _ 3 3 - 2 2 - _ - 2 2 - - 4 4 - 4 4 - - - - - Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978— Continued Hourly earnings N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f — Middle range 2 3.20 $ 3.90 3.60 % 3.80 S 9.00 S 9.20 $ 9.90 $ 9.60 $ S $ 9.80 5.00 5.20 % 5.60 $ .00 7 . 20 S 7.60 $ s 8.00 CO Median2 s 3.00 o Mean2 s 2.80 >0 workers s o 00 Occupation and industry division o s 2.60 Number and under % 8.80 and 8.80 over 2.80 3.00 3.20 3 .90 3.60 3.80 9.00 9 .20 4.40 9.60 9 .80 5.00 5.20 5.60 6.00 .90 6.80 7.20 7.60 8.00 8.90 58 58 15 93 278 36 292 198 44 69 33 36 15 21 189 87 97 95 2 LOO 20 80 16 28 11 17 6 1 63 92 9 4 i 18 15 3 3 39 18 16 16 ~ 96 2 94 81 13 19 19 - 13 12 1 - 2 1 1 - 22 22 22 22 - 9 6 3 3 1 1 ” - 39 38 1 - - “ 16 15 1 1 - - - - 50 50 40 151 136 15 19 19 66 66 - 19 19 18 18 - 36 36 - 121 93 78 78 101 25 76 31 84 84 7l 71 3 3 26 26 28 28 11 11 62 62 - - - - 68 65 3 3 5 5 - 92 13 29 29 31 20 16 18 10 20 11 6 7 3 4 9 2 15 28 27 4 29 10 29 29 13 13 - - - - - - - 4 - - - 3 4 7 8 3 1 2 - 1 4 13 - - - - - - - - - - AL L WORKERS— C O N T IN U E D $ $ M A T E R I A L HA N D L IN G LAB OR ER S ---------------------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G -----------------------------------------WH OLESALE TRADE --------------------------------------R E T A I L TRA DE ----------------------------------------------- 1.076 401 675 *•55 129 3.76 9.91 3.37 3.40 3.09 3.32 3.87 3 . 22 3.12 2.90 $ 2.883.252.802.802.70- $ 4.46 5.86 3-49 3.60 3.06 F O R K L I F T OP ER ATO RS -------------------------------------------M A NU F A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G -----------------------------------------WHOLE SA LE TRADE --------------------------------------- 981 7 30 251 181 9.63 4.81 9.12 4.09 9.69 9.59 4.64 4.64 3.953.953.183.60- 5.25 5.78 9.80 4-64 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -----------------------------------------M A N UF A C T UR IN G -------------------------------------------------n o n m an u fa ctu r in g : F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 955 116 3.05 9.75 2.65 9.93 2.653.35- 2.65 5.83 728 99 9.13 3.72 3.39- 5.20 - - - 2l 6 9 “ - 2 1 “ i 1 “ " ” ” guards: -------------------------------------------------- 81 5.30 5 . 27 9.98- 5.83 J A N I T O R S * p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ------M A NU F A C TU R IN G -------------------------------------------------N ONM AN UFA CT UR IN G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------WH OLESALE TRADE --------------------------------------R E T A I L TRA DE ----------------------------------------------F I N A N C E ------------------------------------------------------------- 2.166 244 1 . 9 22 99 67 271 192 3 . 03 9.52 2.89 9.22 3.25 2.94 3.03 2.65 4.34 2.65 3.57 2.95 2.75 2.89 2.653.962.652.922.802.652.75- 2.85 5.79 2.75 5.37 3.96 2.85 3.27 m an ufactur in g - 1515 11 1509 16 5 166 93 - 180 15 165 10 31 57 37 - - - 64 21 93 2 1 6 20 52 4 98 8 4 7 16 78 20 58 16 19 3 16 See footnotes at end of tables. 12 6 20 2 18 3 1 5 9 - - - 18 9 9 2 21 17 4 45 42 3 - - - 4 2 4 - - 1 2 4 27 - 10 24 8 - - - - - - 25 1 29 19 12 7 4 3 18 8 10 9 12 10 2 32 32 7 7 - 7 3 - - - 1 6 6 ~ - 15 13 2 2 13 13 1 22 6 16 16 - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 2 21 - 3 3 - - Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Birmingham, Ala., March 1978 S e x , 3 o c c u p a t io n , Average (mean* ) hourly earnings a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- carpenters MANUFACTURI NG mber Average ( mean2) of hourly rkers earnings4 M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN— C O N T I N U E D M A I N T E N A N C E . TOOLROOMS a n d O C C U P A T I O N S - HEN powerplant maintenance S e x , 3 o c c u p a t i o n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n 74 72 $ 6.71 TRUCKDRIVERS - M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN— C O N T I N U E D CONTINUED S H I P P I N G P A C KE RS ---------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------------- 87 47 4.63 5.78 3.95 3.38 M A T E R I A L H A N D L I N G L A B O R E R S -----------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RA DE ----------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E -------------------------------------------- 1.041 401 640 455 94 3.79 4.41 3.40 3.40 3.14 552 60 492 305 152 F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S ----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------4.74 N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------4.92 WHOL E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------------4.72 4.4 1 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -------------------------------------5.28 MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------- 974 723 251 181 4.61 4.78 4.12 4.09 885 115 3.07 4.76 ---------------------------------------------- 80 5.32 J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S — MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RAOE ----------------------------------R E T A I L T RA OE ------------------------------------------- .337 214 >123 61 57 2 21 3 . 18 4.68 2.89 4.65 3.29 2.98 ORDER F I L L E R S ----------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------WHOL E S A L E TRADE --------------------------- 149 149 149 3.88 3.88 3.88 J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G -----------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E ------------------------------------ 796 30 766 50 2.77 3.42 2.74 2.75 6.68 M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S --------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------- 556 502 54 7.27 7.24 7.50 M A I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R S -------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 38 27 6.09 5.99 M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S --------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 351 345 7.16 7.15 T R U C K O R I V E R S . L I G H T T RUC K --------------N ON MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E TRADE ----------------------------------- 213 167 134 4 . 20 3.87 4.11 T R U C K D R I V E R S . MEDI UM T RUC K -----------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G -------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E TRADE ----------------------------------- 779 127 652 318 4.76 4.80 4.75 3.34 MA I N T E NA N C E MECHANI CS ( MA C H I N E R Y ) M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 869 791 7.20 7.14 MA I N T E NA N C E MECHANI CS ( MO T OR V E H I C L E S ) ----------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------W H O L E S A L E T RAOE --------------------------------------- T R U C K O R I V E R S . HE A V Y T RUC K ( T R A I L E R ) --------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G -------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RAOE ----------------------------------- 4 29 147 282 223 35 6.39 6.64 6.26 6.49 5.26 T R U C K D R I V E R S . HE A V Y T RUCK ( other than t r a i l e r ): MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------- 172 4.40 ------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------- 72 35 37 4.98 6.26 3.77 129 53 76 34 42 4.78 5.62 4.20 3.86 4.48 shipping clerks 2 32 2 32 6.85 6.85 MAI NTENANCE T R A D E S H E L P E R S ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 321 270 5.75 5.94 M A C H I N E - T O O L OPE RA T O RS ( T O O L R O O M ) M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 65 65 6.46 6.46 R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S ---------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RAOE ----------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E ------------------------------------------- T O O L AND D I E MAKERS ----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------- 109 100 7.22 7.24 S H I P P I N G AND R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S --------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------- 46 41 6.42 6.41 69 7.27 WAREHOUSEMEN --------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T RADE ----------------------------------- 228 32 196 107 4.33 4.82 4.25 4.25 , 396 4 54 .942 ,107 608 170 4.95 4.96 4.95 5.69 4.02 3.37 ORDER F I L L E R S -----------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------WHOL E S A L E TRADE ----------------------------------- 670 36 6 34 573 3.77 3.92 3.76 3.66 ST AT IONARY ENGINEERS -------------------------------------- M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - HEN T R U C K O R I V E R S ------------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------------WH O L E S A L E T RAOE -------------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E ----------------------------------------------- See footnotes at e n d o f t a b l e s . 13 : MA N U F A C T U R I N G guards M I L L W R I G H T S ---------------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- manufacturing (mean*) hourly earnings4 S e x , 3 o c c u p a t i o n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT OCCUPATI ONS AND C U S T O D I A L - WOMEN Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts, for selected occupational groups in Birmingham, Ala., for selected periods In d u s try and o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p 5 A l l in d u s t r i e s : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l _______________________________ __ ___ E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g _____________________________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s __________________________________________ S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s , __________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ____________________________________________ E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g ________________ _________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s __________________________________________ S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s _____________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s _________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ____ ___________ _______________ ____ E l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g _____________________________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ___________________________________ ______ U n s k i ll e d p la n t w o r k e r s _________________________________ See f o o t n o t e s M a r c h 1972 to M a r c h 1973 M a r c h 1973 to M a r c h 1 97 4 M a r c h 1974 to M a r c h 1 975 M a r c h 1975 to M a r c h 1976 M a r c h 1976 to M a r c h 1 97 7 M a r c h 1 97 7 to M a r c h 1978 5 .8 7 .2 8.1 6 .3 4 .8 7 .0 8 .2 5 .7 5 .5 1 0 .4 6 .3 7 .2 ( 6) 7 .8 5.1 7 .0 ( 6) 5 .6 7 .7 6 .6 9 .6 8 .9 1 0 .3 14.1 1 4 .3 9 .3 9 .6 7 .4 8.1 9 .2 5 .6 ( 6> ( 6) 4 .9 7 .5 7 .4 ( 6) ( 6) 1 0 .6 1 4 .8 1 4 .9 10.1 7.1 7 .3 ( 6) 8 .5 5 .0 6 .8 ( 6) 7 .4 8 .2 9 .9 ( 6) 8 .5 6.1 6 .8 ( 6) 5 .9 5 .3 7 .8 6 .6 7 .6 t 6) ( 6> 6.8 n ( 6) 5 .8 9 .3 8 .3 9 .0 9 .9 5 .4 7 .3 6 .9 8 .2 ( 6) 14.5 ( 6) 9 .0 ( 6) 4 .0 ( 6) 1 1.5 a t end o f t a b l e s . Footnotes 1 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f pa y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , an d the e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l in g th e e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s a n d d i v i d i n g b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n ---- h a l f o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e the s a m e o r m o r e and ha lf r e c e i v e th e s a m e o r l e s s than, the r a t e sh o w n . T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e f i n e d b y t w o r a t e s o f pa y ; a f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s e a r n the s a m e o r l e s s than the l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a fo u r t h e a r n the s a m e o r m o r e than the h i g h e r r a t e. 3 Earnings data r e l a t e o n l y to w o r k e r s whose sex id en tification was p r o v i d e d b y the establishm ent. 4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e sh i ft s . 5 E s t i m a t e s f o r p e r i o d s e nd ing p r i o r to 197 6 r e l a t e to m e n o n l y f o r s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e and u n s k i l l e d plant w o r k e r s . A l l o t h e r e s t i m a t e s r e l a t e t o m e n and w o m e n . 6 D ata d o not m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a o r data n ot a v a i l a b l e . 14 Appendix A . Scope and Method of Survey In e a c h o f t h e 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , the B u r e a u o b t a i n s w a g e s and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s da t a f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in six b r o a d industry d iv is io n s : M an ufactu ring; tr an sp orta tion , co m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . G o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s a r e e x c l u d e d . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e a lso ex clu d ed b e c a u s e of in su fficien t e m p l o y m e n t in t h e o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d . A p p e n d i x ta b le 1 s h o w s th e n u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s e s t i m a t e d to be w ithin th e s c o p e o f th is s u r v e y , as w e l l as th e n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s tu d ie d . O c c u p a t i o n s and e a r n i n g s O c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu dy a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g t y p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d i a l . O ccupational c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta ke a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . O c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu dy a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d ix B. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d , th e e a r n i n g s data f o l l o w i n g th e j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n i n g s data f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w ithin the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n is t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e en ough data to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in div id ua l e s t a b l i s h m e n t data. S e p a r a t e m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n i n g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d w h e n th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s not i d e n t i f i e d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f th e m e n o r w o m e n id e n t i f ie d in an o c c u p a t i o n . E a r n in g s data not s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y f o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e i n c lu d e d in data f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . ' L i k e w i s e , f o r o c c u p a t i o n s w ith m o r e than o n e l e v e l , data a r e i n c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is not s h o w n o r i n f o r m a t i o n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a i l a b l e . B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o b ta in data b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s at 3 -y e a r in tervals. In e a c h o f t h e tw o i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n on e m p l o y m e n t and o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s o n l y is c o l l e c t e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and t e l e p h o n e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in t h e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . A s a m p l e o f th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is s e l e c t e d f o r s t u d y p r i o r to e a c h p e r s o n a l v i s i t s u r v e y . Th is s a m p le , le s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h go out o f b u s i n e s s o r a r e no lo n g e r w ith in th e i n d u s t r i a l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e t a i n e d f o r the f o l l o w i n g tw o ann ua l s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s n e w t o the a r e a a r e not c o n s i d e r e d in th e s c o p e o f t h e s u r v e y u n t il t h e s e l e c t i o n o f a s a m p l e f o r a p e r s o n a l v i s i t s u r v e y . T h e s a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e t a ile d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y i n d u s t r y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m t h is s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e is s e l e c t e d , w ith e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t h a v in g a p r e d e t e r m i n e d c h a n c e o f selection . T o o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th a n s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d . W h e n da ta a r e c o m b i n e d , e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g t o it s p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n s o th at u n b i a s e d e s t i m a t e s a r e g e n e r a t e d . F o r e x a m p l e , if o n e out o f f o u r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , it is g iv e n a w e ig h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t it s e lf plus t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a l t e r n a t e o f th e s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y is c h o s e n in th e s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n if da ta a r e not a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p l e m e m b e r . If no s u it a b le s u b s t i t u t e is a v a i l a b l e , a d d i t i o n a l w e i g h t i s a s s i g n e d to a s a m p l e m e m b e r th at is s i m i l a r to the m i s s i n g unit. O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s data a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e . E a r n in g s data e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b o n u s e s a r e in c l u d e d . W eekly hours for o ffice c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s r e f e r to the s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r) f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d /o r p r e m iu m rates). A v e r a g e w e e k ly ea rn in gs f o r th ese occu pation s a re r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . V e r t i c a l l i n e s w ith in the d i s t r ib u t io n o f w o r k e r s o n s o m e A - t a b l e s in d i c a t e a c h a n g e in th e s i z e o f th e c l a s s i n t e r v a l s . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s . T h e a v e r a g e s for in divid u a l j o b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F or exam ple, 1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by h ig h - o r lo w - w a g e f i r m s m ay change, or Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la .; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .; h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e t o b e t t e r j o b s and b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; and Utica—Rome, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h ift s in e m p l o y m e n t c o u l d d e c r e a s e an o c c u lim ited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th o u gh m o s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s the U. S. Department of Labor. 15 d u rin g t h e y e a r . C h a n g e s in e a r n i n g s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in t a b l e A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s than a r e e a r n i n g s c h a n g e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . A v e r a g e ea rn in gs r e fle c t c o m p o s it e , a re a w id e e s tim a te s . In dustries and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and j o b s t a f f i n g , and thus c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y t o th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l a m o n g j o b s in in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s ho u ld n ot b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w it h in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h i c h m a y c o n t r i b u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s in c lu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s ( o n l y t h e r a t e s p a id in c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u t ie s w ith in th e g e n e r a l s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a l l y a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th an t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d . E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g Skilled m a in ten a n ce Com puter sy stem s an aly sts, c la s s e s A , B, and C Com puter p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C Com puter o p e r a to r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C arpen ters E lectricia n s P ain ters M ach inists M e ch a n ics (m a ch inery) M e ch a n ics (m o to r veh icle) P ip efitters T o o l and d ie m a k e r s I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s U n s k i l l e d plant R e g i s t e r e d in d u s t r i a l nurses J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and clea n ers M a t e r i a l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s P e r c e n t c h a n g e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l a r e a s in t h e p r o g r a m as f o l l o w s : O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f t h e s tu d y and n ot th e n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . Beaause o ccu p a tio n a l stru ctu re s am ong establish m en ts d iffe r , estim a tes of o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n l y t o i n d i c a t e th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s t u d ie d . These d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do n o t a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n i n g s da ta. a re com puted 1. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n f o r the 2 y e a r s b e in g c o m p a r e d . The a v era g es a re d eriv ed f r o m e a r n i n g s in t h o s e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h a r e in the s u r v e y b oth y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d that e m p l o y m e n t r e m a i n s u n ch a n g e d . 2. E a c h o c c u p a t i o n is a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d on it s p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in t h e o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p in th e base year. 3. T h e s e w e i g h t s a r e u s e d to c o m p u t e g r o u p a v e r a g e s . Eg.ch o c c u p a t i o n ' s a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s ( c o m p u t e d in s t e p 1) is m u l t i p l i e d b y its w e i g h t . T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a l e d to o b ta in a g r o u p a v e r a g e . 4. T h e r a t i o o f g r o u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is c o m p u t e d by d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e fo r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e for th e e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r e s u l t — e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 is th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e . Wage tren d s fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tion a l groups T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e A - 7 a r e b a s e d o n c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f m e n and w o m e n in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e p o r t i n g the t r e n d j o b s in b o th t h e c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r ( m a t c h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t s on a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f e m p l o y m e n t s h if t s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r, a re still a ffe cte d by f a c t o r s o t h e r th an w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t i o n w h e n w o r k e r s a r e p a id u n d e r pla ns p r o v i d i n g a r a n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r i n d iv id u a l j o b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , n e w e m p l o y e e s m a y e n te r at t h e b o t t o m o f the r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g th e a v e r a g e w ith o u t a c h a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e l a t e to w a g e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n th e in d i c a t e d dates. W h e n th e t i m e sp a n b e t w e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r th an 12 m o n t h s , annual rates a re shown. (It is a s s u m e d that w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a c o n s t a n t r a t e b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . ) F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m e t h o d u s e d to c o m p u t e t h e s e w age tr e n d s , see "Im provin g A r e a W age S u rvey I n d e x e s ," M onthly L a b o r R e v i e w , J a n u a r y 1 9 7 3, p p . 5 2 - 5 7 . O ccu pa tion s u se d to co m p u te w age tre n d s a re : O ffice c le r ic a l O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — C o n t in u e d Seer etarie s S tenographers, general Sten ograp h ers, senior T y pists, cla s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M essengers Sw itchboard o p e r a to r s O rder clerk s, c l a s s e s A and B A ccou ntin g c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B Bookkeeping -m a ch in e o p e r a to rs , class B P a yroll clerk s K ey entry o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T a b u la t io n s on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e not p r e s e n t e d in th is b u l l e t i n . In for m a t i o n f o r t h e s e ta b u la t io n s is c o l l e c t e d at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . These tabu l a t i o n s on m i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s hif t d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s ; p a i d h o l i d a y s ; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) in p r e v i o u s b u ll e t in s f o r t h is a r e a . 16 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Birmingham, A la.,1March 1978 In d u s try d iv is io n 2 ALL DIVISIONS M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------------------------------------T R A N S P O R T A T I O N . C O M M U N I C A T I O N . AND OT HER P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 ---------------------------------------------------UHOL E S A L E T RA D E ------------------------------------------------------------R E T A I L T RA D E -------------------------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E . I N S U R A N C E . AND REA L E S T A T E 6 --------------S E R V I C E S 7 8---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y 4 W it h in s c o p e o f s tu d y 3 S t u d ie d S tu d ie d N um ber P ercen t 622 170 136.224 100 84.506 50 - 2 16 406 53 117 55.868 80.356 41 59 34.399 50.107 50 50 50 50 50 50 96 141 51 68 18 22 35 16 26 21.647 9.910 27.405 11.473 9,921 16 7 20 8 7 17.056 3.812 14.701 8.013 6.525 1 T h e B i r m i n g h a m S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l it a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f in e d b y th e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 4 , c o n s i s t s o f J e f f e r s o n , S t. C l a i r , S h e l b y , a n d W a lk e r C o u n t ie s . T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s t i m a t e s a r e not in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x clu d e d fr o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1 97 2 e d i t io n o f th e S ta n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n . H o w e v e r , a ll g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s c o p e o f th e su r v e y . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in i m u m lim it a t io n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in in d u s t r i e s s u c h a s t r a d e , W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s N u m b e r o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t io n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c l u d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t (w ith in th e a r e a ) at o r a b o v e t h e m in i m u m l i m it a t io n . 5 A b b r e v i a t e d t o " p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s " in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . T a x i c a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a r e e x c l u d e d . A n u m b er o f e le c tr ic u t i l i t i e s s u p p ly in g l e s s th a n h a lf th e e l e c t r i c c o n s u m p t i o n w e r e p u b l i c l y o w n e d and e x c l u d e d b y d e f in i t io n f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s t u d y . 6 A b b r e v i a t e d t o " f i n a n c e " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . 7 S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f d a t a is not m a d e f o r t h is d i v i s i o n . 8 H o t e l s a n d m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r , r e n t a l , a n d p a r k in g ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( e x c l u d i n g r e l i g i o u s a n d c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; a n d e n g in e e r in g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . 17 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w ho a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m i t s the grou pin g o f o ccu p a tio n a l w age ra te s re p r e s e n tin g c o m p a r a b l e job content. B ecause o f th is e m p h a s i s o n i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , th e B u r e a u ' s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r other p u rp o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m is t s a r e in stru cte d to exclu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t ic e s ; and p a r t - t i m e , - t e m p o r a r y , a n d probation ary w o r k e r s . H an dicapped w o r k e r s w h o s e earn in gs a r e re d u ce d b e c a u s e o f th e ir h an dicap a re a lso excluded. L e a r n e r s , b e g i n n e r s , and t r a i n e e s , u n l e s s s p e c i f i c a l l y in c l u d e d in th e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n , a r e e x c l u d e d . Office SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y— C ontinue d A s s i g n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to o n e i n d i v i d u a l . M a i n t a in s a c l o s e a nd h i g h l y r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f the su p ervisor. W o r k s f a i r ly in depen den tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d eta iled s u p e r v i s i o n and g u i d a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l a nd s e c r e t a r i a l d u t i e s , u s u a l l y in c l u d i n g m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : M a y a l s o p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l t a s k s o f c o m p a r a b l e n a t u r e and d i f f i c u l t y . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w l e d g e o f o f f i c e r o u t in e and u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f the o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , a nd p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . E x clu sion s a . R e c e i v e s t e l e p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and i n c o m i n g m a i l , a n s w e r s r o u t i n e i n q u i r i e s , and r o u t e s t e c h n i c a l i n q u i r i e s to the p r o p e r persons; b. c. in stru cted; E stablish es, m aintains, and r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r ' s M a i n t a i n s the s u p e r v i s o r ' s c a l e n d a r and m a k e s files; a p p ointm en ts as N o t a l l p o s i t i o n s that a r e ti t le d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p l e s o f p o s i t i o n s w h i c h a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the d e f i n i t i o n a r e as fo llo w s : a. d escrib ed above; b. d. R elays m e s s a g e s from s u p e r v i s o r to s u b o r d i n a t e s ; e . R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ig n a t u r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g r a p h i c accuracy; f. P e rform s s t e n o g r a p h i c and ty p in g w o r k . sional, P o s it io n s w hich do not m eet the "p erson a l" secretary S t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e d u t i e s ; c . S ten ograp h ers se rv in g as o f fic e a s s is ta n ts to a g ro u p o f p r o f e s techn ical, o r m a n a g eria l p e r so n s ; d. S e c r e t a r y p o s i t i o n s in w h i c h th e d u t i e s a r e e i t h e r s u b s t a n t i a l l y m o r e r o u t i n e o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y m o r e c o m p l e x and r e s p o n s i b l e tha n t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in the d e f in it io n ; concept S E C R E T A R Y — Continued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued E x c l u s io n s — Continued C la ss C e. A s s is t a n t - t y p e p o sitio n s w hich r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ica l, a dm inistra tive, su p ervisory, d u tie s w h ich a r e not t y p i c a l of s e c r e t a r i a l w o rk . in volve m o r e difficu lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n o r sp ecialized c le r ic a l s i b i l i t y i s n ot e q u i v a l e n t to o n e o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l s itu a tio n s in the d e f in itio n f o r c l a s s B , but w h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p l o y e e s and i s u s u a l l y d i v i d e d in to o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t s w h ich a r e o f t e n , in tu r n , f u r t h e r s u b d i v i d e d . In s o m e c o m p a n i e s , th is l e v e l i n c l u d e s a N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in the l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s w i d e r a n g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e l o n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly on e o r tw o ; o r f o l l o w i n g , r e f e r s to t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w ho h ave a s i g n i f i c a n t c o r p o r a t e w i d e p o l i c y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . The title " v ic e 2. S e c r e t a r y to the h e ad o f an i n d i v i d u a l pla n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r p r e s i d e n t , " t h o u g h n o r m a l l y i n d i c a t i v e o f th is r o l e , d o e s n ot in a ll c a s e s o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r than 5 , 0 0 0 iden tify such p o s itio n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s to persons. a c t p e r s o n a l l y on i n d i v i d u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t i o n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r d e n y i n d i v i d u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m i n i s t e r in d iv id u a l t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y C lass D s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s ta f f) a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r 1. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d o f a s m a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit p u r p o s e s o f a p p l y i n g the f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s . ( e . g . , f e w e r than ab out 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o r C la ss A 1. S e c r e t a r y t o t h e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 2 . S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y s t a f f s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e , a d m in is tra tiv e o f f i c e r , o r a s sista n t, s k illed techn ician, o r exp ert. (N O TE: M a n y c o m p a n i e s a s s i g n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , to t h is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r . ) STENOGRAPHER 2. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r than the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o the h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s i d i a r y o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s .*1 C la ss B P r i m a r y du ty i s to ta k e d i c t a t i o n u s i n g s h o r t h a n d , and t o t r a n s c r i b e th e d i c t a t i o n . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y . May operate fro m a steno g ra p h ic pool. M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r i b e f r o m v o i c e r e c o r d i n g s ( if p r i m a r y du ty i s t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r i b i n g - M a c h i n e T y p i s t ) . N O T E : T h i s j o b i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n f i d e n t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p with o n ly on e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y t a s k s as d e s c r i b e d in the s e c r e t a r y j o b d e f i n i t i o n . 1. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o th e r than th e c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r th a n 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d , i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e ith e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t i o n w i d e functional activ ity (e .g ., m a r k e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u stria l re la tio n s , etc.) a m a jo r geograp hic o r orga n iza tiona l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 , 0 0 0 but f e w e r than 25 , 000 e m p l o y e e s ; o r 4 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h ead o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e ad o f a l a r g e and i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t o f t e n i n v o l v i n g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l h u n d re d p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s . Stenographer, G eneral keep D i c t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y . M a y m a in t a in f i l e s , s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . , Stenographer, Senior D i c t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l dr s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such a s in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a l s o set up and m ain tain f i l e s , k eep r e c o r d s , etc. OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h i c d u t ie s r e q u i r i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r i n d e p e n d e n c e and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l , as e v i d e n c e d b y the follow in g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h i c s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a t h o r o u g h w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c i f i c b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w ork flow , etc. U s e s th is k n o w l e d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h i c d u t ie s and r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s m a in t a in in g f o l l o w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g and r o u t in g i n c o m i n g m a i l ; and a n s w e r i n g rou tin e q u e s t io n s , e tc . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T M ESSENGER P r i m a r y du ty is to t y p e c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d i c t a t i o n w h i c h d o e s not in v o lv e v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h as that u s e d in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a lso type f r o m w ritten copy. M a y m a in t a in f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . ( S e e S t e n o g r a p h e r d e f i n i t i o n f o r w o r k e r s in v o l v e d w ith s h o rt h a n d d i c t a t i o n . ) P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s ro u tin e d u t ie s s u c h a s ru nn in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h i n e s s u c h as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g and d i s t r i b u t i n g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c l u d e p o s i t i o n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a t i o n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s i g n i f i c a n t du ty. TYPIST U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s o r to m a k e ou t b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a t i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M a y in c l u d e ty p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p lic a t in g p r o c esses. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k i n v o l v i n g lit t l e s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g , s u c h as k e e p i n g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d is t r i b u t i n g in com in g m ail. C lass A . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : Typing m a t e r ia l in f i n a l f o r m w hen it i n v o l v e s c o m b i n i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r . r e c t s p e l l i n g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u s u a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; o r p la n n in g la y o u t and ty pin g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s to m a i n t a i n u n i f o r m i t y and b a l a n c e in s p a c i n g . M a y ty p e r o u t in e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y i n g d e t a i l s to su it c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C lass B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; o r r o u tin e t y p in g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; o r se ttin g up s i m p l e s t a n d a r d t a b u l a t i o n s ; o r c o p y i n g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y s e t o p and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . FILE C LE R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n f i l e s . P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s o n the b a s i s o f the f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s . C lass A . C l a s s i f i e s and i n d e x e s f i l e m a t e r i a l s u c h a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m co n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y a l s o f i l e th is m aterial. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s t y p e s in c o n j u n c t i o n w ith the f i l e s . M a y lead a sm a ll g rou p o f lo w e r le v e l file c l e r k s . C l a s s B. S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y s i m p l e (su b je ct m a tte r) h ead in g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by fin e r subh eadin gs. P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d i n d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a i d s . A s requested, l o c a t e s c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . May perform r e l a t e d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . C lass C . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that h a s a l r e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h i c h i s e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s te m (e .g ., alph abetical, ch r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). As requested, l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l s ; and m a y f i l l out w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . SW ITCH BO ARD O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u s e d w ith a p r i v a t e b r a n c h e x c h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e l a y i n c o m i n g , o u t g o i n g , and i n t r a s y s t e m calls. M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a l l s p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s operating a telephone s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a l s o t y p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t in e c l e r i c a l w o r k (typ in g o r ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y th e m a j o r p o r t i o n o f th e w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and is u s u a lly p e r f o r m e d w h i le at th e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . Chief o r l e a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than o n e o p e r a t o r a r e exclu ded . F o r an o p e r a t o r w ho a l s o a c t s as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e rat o r - R e c e p t i o n i s t . SW ITCH BOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E PT IO N IST At a an o p e r a t o r — w o r k in volves b u s i n e s s and priate p e r s o n a r r a n g i n g an s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c t s b o th as s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t i o n i s t . R e c e p t i o n i s t ' s s u ch du tie s as g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g n a t u r e o f v i s i t o r ' s p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r c o n t a c t i n g that p e r s o n b y t e l e p h o n e and a p p o in t m e n t; k e e p in g a l o g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e i v e s w ritten o r v e rb a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l or m erchan dise fro m cu stom ers or sales peop le. W o rk ty p ic a lly involves s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g d u t i e s : Q uo tin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m i n i n g a v a i l a b i l i t y o f o r d e r e d i t e m s and s u g g e s t i n g s u b s t i t u t e s w h e n n e c e s s a r y ; a d v i s i n g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y date and m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r i n f o r m a t i o n on o r d e r s h e e t s ; c h e c k i n g o r d e r s h e e t s f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f in f o r m a t i o n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a i n i n g c r e d i t ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; f u r n i s h i n g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o l l o w i n g - u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d b y th e s p e c i f i e d d a t e o r to le t c u s t o m e r kn ow o f a d e l a y in d e l i v e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k i n g s h ip p in g i n v o i c e a g a in s t o r i g i n a l o r d e r . E x c l u d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s i s o r w h o s e d u tie s i n c lu d e a ny o f the f o l l o w i n g : R e c e i v i n g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r th an f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v i d i n g c u s t o m e r s w it h c o n s u l t a t i v e a d v i c e u s i n g k n o w l e d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g i n e e r i n g o r e x t e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g ; e m p h a s i z i n g s e l l i n g s k i l l s ; handling m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e a s an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e jo b . Positions definitions: are classified in to levels accord in g to th e follow ing C l a s s A . H a n d le s o r d e r s that i n v o l v e m a k i n g j u d g m e n t s s u c h a s c h o o s i n g w h i c h s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r i a l f r o m th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s p r o d u c t l i n e s w i l l s a t i s f y the c u s t o m e r ' s n e e d s , o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p r i c e to b e q u o t e d w h e n p r i c i n g i n v o l v e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l i s t o r m a k in g s o m e s i m p l e m a t h e m a t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n s . O R D E R C L E R K — C o n tin u e d B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d C l a s s B . H a n d l e s o r d e r s in v o lv in g i t e m s w h i c h h a v e r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p l i c a t i o n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a t a l o g , m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s m a n u a l , o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to i n s d r e that p r o p e r i t e m is s u p p l i e d o r t o v e r i f y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d item . c o s t d i s t r i b u t i o n , e x p e n s e d i s t r i b u t i o n , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e tc . o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a l a n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l th e a c c o u n t i n g d e p a r t m e n t . ACCOUNTING C L E R K MACHINE B IL L E R P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s p o s t i n g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank a c c o u n t s ; v e r i f y i n g th e in t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s i g n i n g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n c o d e s ; e x a m i n i n g and v e r i f y i n g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y va riou s types o f r e p o r ts , lists, ca lcu la tion s, posting, e t c . ; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d j o u r n a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i t h e r a m a n u a l o r a u t o m a t e d a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m . P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b i l l i n g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n t a l to b i llin g operations. F o r w a g e stu dy p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h i n e , as f o l l o w s : B illin g-m ach in e b iller. U ses a s p e c ia l billin g m achine (com bin ation t y p in g and a dd in g m a c h i n e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e t c . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d i s c o u n t s and ship pin g c h a r g e s and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s i o n s , w h i c h m a y o r m a y not be c o m p u t e d on th e b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and t o t a l s w h i c h a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d b y m ach in e. The o p e r a tio n u su a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m ber o f ca rb on co p ie s o f th e b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o f t e n d o n e o n a f a n f o l d m a c h i n e . T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w l e d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e t h o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h r e l a t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f t r a n s a c t i o n s and a c c o u n t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n . With e x p e r i e n c e , th e w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith th e b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s i g n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u i r e d t o h a v e a k n o w l e d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g . P osition s defin ition s: are cla ssified into l e v e l s on the b a s i s o f th e B ook k eepin g-m a ch in e b ille r. U s e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e (w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) t o p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s th e s im u lt a n e o u s e n t r y o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m a ch in e a u tom a tica lly accu m u la tes f i g u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o l u m n s and c o m p u t e s and u s u a l l y p r in t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y th e d e b it o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s not in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f bookkeeping. W o r k s f r o m u n i f o r m and s ta n d a r d t y p e s o f s a l e s and cre d it slips. follow ing C la s s A . U n der g e n e r a l s u p e rv is io n , p e r f o r m s a ccou nting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f e x p e r i e n c e and j u d g m e n t , f o r e x a m p l e , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p l i c a t e d or n o n r e p e t i t i v e a c c o u n t i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e l e c t i n g a m o n g a s u b s t a n t ia l v a r i e t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t i n g c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s t h r o u g h p r e v i o u s a c c o u n t i n g a c t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . May b e a s s i s t e d by one or m o r e cla s s B accou nting cle r k s . PAY RO LL CLERK P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l t a s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to m aintain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjusting w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r changes in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , o r t a x d e d u c t i o n s ; e dit in g p a y r o l l l i s t i n g s a g a in s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in l i s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r a t i o n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a n o n automated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com p u tes w a g e s. W o rk m ay requ ire a p r a c tica l k n o w l e d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the com pu ter system fo r p r o ce ss in g p ayrolls. C la s s B . Under c l o s e su p e rv isio n , follow ing detailed in stru ction s a n d s t a n d a r d i z e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u t in e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h a s p o s t i n g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s and l o c a t i o n s o f p o s t i n g s a r e c l e a r l y in d i c a t e d ; c h e c k i n g a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s t a n d a r d i z e d a n d r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d in g d o c u m e n t s u s i n g a f e w p r e s c r i b e d accou nting c o d e s . B O O K K E E PIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e (w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . KEY ENTRY O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n c h m a c h i n e t o r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic a n d / o r n u m e r i c data o n ta b u la tin g c a r d s o r o n t a p e . C lass A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f the p a r t ic u la r a cco u n tin g s y s te m u se d . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e b it and c r e d i t i t e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t s , b a l a n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y han d. P osition s d e fin ition s. are cla ssified into l e v e l s o n t h e b a s i s o f th e follow in g C lass A . W o r k r e q u i r e s th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t in s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o l l o w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , i n t e r p r e t i n g , s e le c t in g , o r co d in g ite m s to be k eypunched f r o m a v a rie ty of s o u r c e d o c u m ents. On o c c a s i o n m a y a l s o p e r f o r m s o m e r o u t in e k e y p u n c h w o r k . May train in e x p e rie n ce d keypunch o p e r a t o r s . C la ss B . K eeps a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e ph a ses o r s e ctio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a l l y r e q u i r i n g li t t l e k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g . P h a se s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e a ccou nts p ayable, p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a ccou nts (no t i n c l u d i n g a s i m p l e t y p e o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r m a c h i n e b i l l e r ) , May ch eck sheets fo r 21 K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C l a s s B . W o r k i s r o u t i n e and r e p e t i t i v e . Under c l o s e su p e rv is io n o r follow ing s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in stru ctio n s , w o rk s f r o m v a rio u s sta n d a r d i z e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h i c h h a v e b e e n c o d e d , and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a i l and r e q u i r e lit t l e o r no s e l e c t i n g , c o d i n g , o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f data to b e r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v is o r p roblem s arisin g f r o m erroneous item s o r co d e s o r m iss in g in form a tion . t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s t o b e u s e d ; o u t l i n e s a c t i o n s to b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y t h is i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u ip m e n t c h a n g e s to o b t a in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n s . (N O TE : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s a nd p r o g r a m m i n g s h o u l d b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s if t h i s is th e s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n e s s u c h as t h e t a b u l a t o r , c a l c u la to r , c o lla to r , in te r p r e te r , s o r te r , rep rod u cin g punch, etc. Excluded fr o m th is d e f i n i t i o n a r e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s . A ls o exclu ded a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e le c t r o n ic digital c o m p u t e r s , even though th e y m a y a ls o o p e r a t e e l e c t r i c accou nting m a ch in e equipm ent. D o e s not in c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w it h s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . P osition s are defin ition s. C l a s s A . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s involving all p h ases o f s y s t e m s a n a ly sis . P r o b le m s are c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f input da ta and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f ou tp ut data. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u l i n g , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a l y s i s r e c o r d in w h i c h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h t y p e is a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h t h e f u l l s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w u p a c t i o n s a r e in i t i a t e d b y th e c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w it h p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e th e da ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f da ta p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , if n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s te m s in sta lla tio n s o r ch a n ges and f o r obtaining e q u ip m e n t . c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on th e b a sis o f th e follow in g C lass A . P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g and ta b u la t in g a s s i g n m e n t s in clu d in g d e v i s i n g d i f f i c u l t c o n t r o l p a n e l w i r i n g u n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s i o n . A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f l o n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h i c h o f te n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g , r e q u i r i n g s o m e p la n n in g o f t h e n a t u r e and s e q u e n c i n g o f o p e r a t i o n s , a nd t h e u s e o f a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n e s . Is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a i n i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s o r t r a i n i n g l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and in th e o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . D o e s n o t in c l u d e p o s i t i o n s in w h i c h w i r i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is l i m i t e d to s e l e c t i o n and i n s e r t i o n o f p r e w i r e d b o a r d s . C l a s s B. P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d i n g to e s t a b l i s h e d p r o c e d u r e s and under s p e c ific in stru ctio n s. A s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e c o m p l e t e but r o u t i n e and r e c u r r i n g r e p o r t s o r p a r t s o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h as the t a b u l a t o r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d i t i o n to th e s i m p l e r m a c h i n e s u s e d b y class C o p e r a to rs. M a y be re q u ir e d to do s o m e w irin g f r o m d ia g r a m s . M a y t r a i n n e w e m p l o y e e s in b a s i c m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s . C l a s s C . U n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s , o p e r a t e s s i m p l e ta b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h as th e s o r t e r , i n t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u c in g p u n c h , c o l l a t o r , e t c . A s s ig n m e n t s ty p ic a lly in volve p o r tio n s o f a w o r k u nit , f o r e x a m p l e , in d i v i d u a l s o r t i n g o r c o l l a t i n g r u n s , o r r e p e t i t i v e op erations. May p e r fo rm sim p le w irin g fr o m d i a g r a m s , and do s o m e filing w o rk . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : M a y p r o v i d e f u n c t io n a l who a re a s s ig n e d to a s s i s t . d irection to l o w e r l e v e l system s analysts C l a s s B. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d t o a n a l y z e , p l a n , p r o g r a m , and operate. P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e output da ta a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . (F o r exam ple, d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in t a in in g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a in t a i n i n g accounts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m a i n t a i n i n g i n v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u f a c t u r in g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e da t a p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f th e da ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to b e a p p l i e d . OR C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x da ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e or s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o n r o u t i n e a s s i g n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and g u id a n c e on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f j u d g m e n t , c o m p l i a n c e w it h i n s t r u c t i o n s , and to i n s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s t e m . A n a l y z e s b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o l v i n g t h e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c da t a p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . D evelop s a co m p le te d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ire d digital c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s t o b e a u t o m a t e d and i d e n t i f i e s c o n d i t i o n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and C l a s s C . W o r k s u n d e r i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g ou t a n a l y s e s as a s s i g n e d , u s u a l l y o f a s i n g l e a c t i v i t y . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p and exp an d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r o c e d u r e s and sk ills r e q u ir e d for s y s te m s analysis w o rk . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h igher l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly st b y p r e p a r i n g th e d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo rm a tio n d e v e lo p e d by the h ig h e r l e v e l a nalyst. Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C o n v e r ts statem en ts of b usin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a s y s t e m s a n a l y s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h a r e r e q u i r e d t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t i c data p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . W o r k i n g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e l o p s th e p r e c i s e i n s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h , w h e n e n t e r e d in to t h e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f da t a t o a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r ca p a b ilitie s , m a th e m a tic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r s u b j e c t m a t t e r in v o l v e d to a n a l y z e c h a r t s and d i a g r a m s o f the p r o b l e m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n ce o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r i t e s d e t a i l e d f l o w c h a r t s to s h o w o r d e r in w h i c h da ta w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s to c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h i n e to f o l l o w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r i n g p r o d u c t i o n ru n; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , and a l t e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r ada p t to n e w r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a i n t a i n s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O TE : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s if t h i s is th e s k i l l u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e i r pa y.) input data w h i c h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h i l e n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , th e data h a v e b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r a c t i o n s s o that th e a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c i n g o f data can b e t e s t e d b y u s i n g a f e w r o u t in e c h e c k s . T y p i c a l l y , th e p r o g r a m d e a l s w it h r o u t i n e r e c o r d k e e p i n g o p e r a t i o n s . OR W o r k s on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s ( a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A) u n d e r c l o s e d ir e c tio n o f a h igher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n t l y p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c t i o n . M a y g u id e o r C l a s s C. M akes p r a c tic a l a pplication s o f p r o g ra m m in g p r a c tic e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a l l y l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . Assign m en ts are d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to r o u t in e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o n n e w a s p e c t s o f a s s i g n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y it s a c c u r a c y and c o n f o r m a n c e w ith r e q u i r e d procedures. D o e s n o t i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . F o r wage study p u r p o s e s , COMPUTER OPERATOR p r o g r a m m e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s M o n i t o r s and o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d ig it a l c o m p u t e r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d i n g t o o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a p r o gram m er. W o r k i n c l u d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S tud ie s i n s t r u c t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e e q u ip m e n t s e tu p a nd o p e r a t i o n s ; l o a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u i r e d i t e m s (t a p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u ip m e n t into c i r c u i t , and s t a r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d j u s t m e n t s to c o m p u t e r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n and d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a i n t a i n s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in correctin g p rogram . C lass A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m i n g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and c h a r t s w h i c h id e n t i f y t h e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s to b e a c c o m p l i s h e d , and t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s s te p s o f the p r o b l e m s o l v i n g r o u t i n e ; p l a n s th e f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m i n g a c t i o n s n e e d e d to e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e t h e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d end p r o d u c t s . A t t h i s l e v e l , p r o g r a m m i n g is d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d t o p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e da t a e l e m e n t s . A w i d e v a r i e t y and e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f internal p r o c e s s i n g a ction s m ust o c c u r . T h is r e q u i r e s s u c h a c t i o n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t io n s w hich can be r e u s e d , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f l i n k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d j u s t m e n t s to data w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y , and s u b s t a n t ia l m a n i p u l a t i o n and r e s e q u e n c i n g o f da ta e l e m e n t s to f o r m a h ig h ly i n t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v id e fun ction al a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . For w a g e s tu dy purposes, com puter operators are cla ssified as follow s: C lass A . O p e ra te s in depen den tly, o r u nder on ly g en era l d ir e ctio n , a c o m p u t e r ru nn in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and i n t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e to m i n i m i z e d o w n t i m e ; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s i g n s o that i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o f t e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , and a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not b e a v a i l a b l e . M a y g i v e d i r e c t i o n and g u i d a n c e to l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . d i r e c t i o n t o l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s w ho C la ss B . O p e ra te s independently, o r u nder on ly ge n e ra l d ir e c tio n , a c o m p u t e r ru nn in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d p r o d u c t i o n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y run o n a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is li t t l e o r no t e s t i n g o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a j o r c h a n g e o r ca n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b l y s h o r t t i m e . In C lass B. W o r k s independently o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on r e la t iv e ly s i m p l e p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le se g m e n ts o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a l l y p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to p r o d u c e da t a in tw o o r three va ried sequen ces or form a ts. R e p o r t s and l i s t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f i n i n g , a d a p t i n g , a r r a y i n g , o r m a k i n g m i n o r a d d itio n s t o o r d e l e t i o n s f r o m instruct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . 23 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed D R A F T E R -T R A C E R c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s , d i a g n o s e s c a u s e and t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n . This u s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l y i n g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u s in g s ta n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s . Copies cloth o r p a p e r in clude tr a c in g l a r g e s c a l e not pla n s and d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p l a c i n g t r a c i n g o v e r d r a w i n g s and t r a c i n g w it h p e n o r p e n c i l . ( D o e s not l i m i t e d to p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l i n e s and a requ irin g c l o s e delineation.) OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r ru nn in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . May a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n t l y p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s and w ith f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . C l a s s C. W o r k s o n r o u t in e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n . Is e x p e c t e d t o d e v e l o p w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d and a b i l i t y to d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in ru nn in g r o u t in e p r o g r a m s . U s u a l l y has r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a i n i n g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n . M a y a s s is t h igher l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la ss A. P l a n s th e g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s h a v in g d i s t i n c t i v e d e s i g n f e a t u r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d d r a f t i n g precedents. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith th e d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y re co m m e n d m in o r design ch anges. A n a l y z e s th e e f f e c t o f e a c h c h a n g e on th e d e t a i l s o f f o r m , f u n c t i o n , and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p l e t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d b y d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m inations. M a y either p r e p a r e draw in gs o r d ir e c t th eir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r level drafters. C la s s B. P e r f o r m s n o n r o u t i n e and c o m p l e x d r a f t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s that r e q u i r e th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f m o s t o f th e s t a n d a r d i z e d d r a w i n g t e c h n i q u e s regu la rly used. D u t ie s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s u c h w o r k a s : P r e p a r e s w orkin g d r a w i n g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u l t i p l e f u n c t i o n s , and p r e c i s e p ositio n a l relation sh ip s betw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a rch ite ctu r a l d r a w i n g s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a b u il d in g i n c lu d in g d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f f o u n d a t i o n s , w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p l a n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and m a n u a l s in m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u t a t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e q u a n t it ie s o f m a t e r ia ls to be u s e d , lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s tre n g th s , s t r e s s e s , e tc . R eceives i n it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C om pleted w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n i c a l a d e q u a c y . C l a s s C. P r e p a r e s d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f s i n g l e u n it s o r p a r t s f o r engineering, co n str u c tio n , m anufacturing, o r re p a ir p u r p o s e s . Types of d raw in gs p r e p a r e d in clude i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t io n s (d ep ictin g th r e e d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s t o c l a r i f y p o s i t i o n i n g o f c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C on solida tes details f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d j u s t s o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e as r e q u i r e d . Suggested m eth od s o f a p p r o a c h , a p p l i c a b l e p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e o n s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g iv e n w ith in itia l a s s i g n m e n t s . In struction s a re l e s s c o m p le t e when a ssig n m e n ts recur. W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u r in g p r o g r e s s . A N D /O R P r e p a r e s sim p le o r repetitive draw in gs o f e a s ily v isu a lize d ite m s. W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v i s e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N I C S TE C H N I C I A N W o r k s on v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e l a t e d d e v i c e s b y p e r f o r m i n g on e o r a c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : In stalling, m ain tain in g, r e p a i r i n g , o v e r h a u l i n g , t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g , m o d i f y i n g , c o n s t r u c t i n g , and t e s t i n g . W o r k re q u ir e s p r a c tic a l application o f te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge o f e le c t r o n ic s p r i n c i p l e s , a b ilit y to d e t e r m i n e m a l f u n c t i o n s , and s k i l l to put e q u i p m e n t in r e q u i r e d o p e r a t i n g c o n d it io n . T h e e q u ip m e n t— c o n s i s t i n g o f e i t h e r m a n y d i f f e r e n t k in d s o f c i r c u i t s o r m u l t i p l e r e p e t i t i o n o f th e s a m e kin d o f c i r c u i t — i n c l u d e s , but is not l i m i t e d t o , th e f o l l o w i n g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m i t t i n g a nd r e c e i v i n g e q u i p m e n t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d i o , t e l e v i s i o n , t e l e p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v i g a t i o n a l a i d s ) , (b) d i g i t a l and a n a l o g c o m p u t e r s , and (c) in d u s t r i a l and m e d i c a l m e a s u r i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g e q u ip m e n t . T h is c la s s ific a tio n e x clu d es r e p a i r e r s o f such standard e le c t r o n ic e q u ip m e n t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h i n e s and h o u s e h o l d r a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n s e t s ; p r o d u c t i o n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic te st in stru m en ts; t e c h n ic ia n s who have a d m in is t r a t iv e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l en gin eers. P osition s d e fin ition s. are cla ssified into le v e l s on the b a s is of th e f o l l o w i n g C l a s s A . A p p l i e s a d v a n c e t e c h n i c a l k n o w lr I g e to s o l v e u n u s u a lly c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p i c a l l y c a n n o t b e s o l v e d s o l e l y b y r e f e r e n c e t o m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k i n g o n e l e c t r o n ic equipm ent. E x a m p l e s o f s u c h p r o b l e m s i n c l u d e l o c a t i o n and d e n s i t y o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d i a t i o n , i s o l a t i n g m a l f u n c t i o n s , and f r e q u e n t engineering changes. W ork in volves: A d e t a i l e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g i n d e p e n d e n t j u d g m e n t in p e r f o r m i n g s u c h t a s k s as m a k i n g c i r c u i t a n a l y s e s , c a l c u l a t i n g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c i n g r e l a t i o n s h ip s in s i g n a l f lo w ; and r e g u l a r l y u s i n g c o m p l e x t e s t i n s t r u m e n t s ( e . g . , du a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , deviation m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) . W o r k m a y b e r e v i e w e d b y s u p e r v i s o r ( f r e q u e n t l y an e n g i n e e r o r d e s i g n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p l i a n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M ay p rovid e t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e to l o w e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n s . C l a s s B . A p p l i e s c o m p r e h e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to s o l v e c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p i c a l l y c a n b e s o l v e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y i n t e r p r e t i n g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k i n g on E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N IC IA N — C on tin u ed M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC I A N e le c t r o n ic equipm ent. W o r k in volves: A f a m i l i a r i t y w ith t h e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s ; and j u d g m e n t in d e t e r m i n i n g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e l e c t i n g t o o l s and t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s , u s u a l l y l e s s c o m p l e x th an t h o s e u s e d b y th e c la s s A tech n icia n . P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e f u n c t i o n s s u c h as th e i n s t a l l a t i o n , m a i n t e n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in volves m ost o f th e f o l l o w i n g : I n s t a llin g o r r e p a i r i n g any o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p ment such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , sw itc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o lle r s , c irc u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a t in g u n it s , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k i n g f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , l a y o u t s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d i a g n o s i n g t r o u b l e in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to l o a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t ; and u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n ' s h a n d t o o ls and m e a s u r i n g and t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e , as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h i g h e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n , and w o r k i s r e v i e w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p l i a n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v i d e t e c h n i c a l g u i d a n c e to l o w e r le v e l tech n icia n s. C l a s s C . A p p l i e s w o r k i n g t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to p e r f o r m s i m p l e o r r o u t i n e t a s k s in w o r k i n g o n e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t , f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h i c h c o v e r v i r t u a l l y a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ic a lly in volves such tasks as: A s s i s t i n g h i g h e r l e v e l t e c h n i c i a n s b y p e r f o r m i n g s u c h a c t i v i t i e s as r e p l a c i n g c o m p o n e n t s , w i r i n g c i r c u i t s , and ta k in g t e s t r e a d i n g s ; r e p a i r i n g s i m p l e e l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t ; and u s i n g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t i n s t r u m e n t s ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , a u d io s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu be t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is n o t r e q u i r e d t o b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u ir e d through a s sig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e ( i n c l u d i n g c l a s s r o o m tr a i n in g ) s o that w o r k e r ca n a dva n ce to h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n . R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l gu idan ce, as re q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igher le v e l techn ician. W o r k is t y p i c a l l y s po t c h e c k e d , but is g i v e n d e t a i l e d r e v i e w w h e n n e w o r a d v a n c e d a s s i g n m e n t s a r e in v o lv e d . R E G I S T E R E D I N D U S T R I A L NURSE S A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e who gives n ursin g s e r v i c e u nder g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r i n j u r e d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c i d e n t o n t h e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D u t i e s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G ivin g f i r s t a id to thq i l l o r i n j u r e d ; a tt e n d in g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p i n g r e c o r d s o f patients tr e a t e d ; p r e p a rin g a ccid en t re p o rts f o r c o m p e n sa tio n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m in a t i o n s and h e a lt h e v a l u a t i o n s o f a p p l i c a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; a nd p la n n in g and c a r r y i n g out p r o g r a m s in v o l v i n g h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n , a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n , e v a lu a tio n o f plant e n v i r o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g t h e h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a f e t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l . N u r s i n g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one n u rse a re exclu ded. Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M AIN TEN AN CE PAIN TER P a i n t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b lish m en t. W o r k i n v o l v e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K now ledge o f su rfa ce p e cu lia rities and t y p e s o f pa in t r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r p a in tin g b y r e m o v i n g o l d f i n i s h o r b y p l a c i n g putt y o r f i l l e r in n a il h o l e s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p ly in g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . May m ix c o lo rs , o i l s , w h i t e l e a d , and o t h e r pain t i n g r e d i e n t s to o b t a in p r o p e r c o l o r o r consistency. In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M ACH INIST P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s and n e w p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : I n t e r p r e t i n g w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g and la y i n g out o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t ' s h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t in g up and o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h i n e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h i n i n g ; k n o w l e d g e o f th e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r th is w o r k ; and f itt in g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l , th e m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN TEN AN CE C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M achin ery) P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a in t a in in g o o d r e p a i r b u i l d i n g w o o d w o r k a nd e q u ip m e n t s u ch as b i n s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y i n g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r ' s h a n d t o o l s , p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and s t a n d a r d m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; m a k i n g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e w o r k . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f t h e m a i n t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s ro u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e th e u s e o f h a n d t o o ls in s c r a p i n g and f itt in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a i n e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g th e p r o d u c t i o n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h i n e s h o p o r s e n d in g th e m a c h i n e t o a m a c h i n e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t i o n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents f o r o p eration . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h i n e r y m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y )— C o n tin u e d M IL L W R IG H T — C on tin u ed a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i ence. E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s i n v o l v e s e tt in g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s . w o rk ; in terp retin g blueprin ts o r other s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f han dt o o l s and r i g g i n g ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a lig n in g and b a l a n c i n g e q u i p m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s ta n d a r d t o o l s , e q u i p m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and i n s t a l l i n g and m a in t a in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t s u c h as d r i v e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , th e m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in t h e t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M EC H A N IC (M o to r V e h icle s) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g a u t o m o t i v e e q u i p m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u ip m e n t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fitt in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r i n d i n g and a d j u s t i n g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and in s t a l l i n g t h e v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in t h e v e h i c l e and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s ; and a lig n in g w h e e l s , a d j u s t i n g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r t i g h t e n in g body bolts. In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h i c l e m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c l u d e t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s . m echan ics who rep air M AIN TEN AN CE TRADES H ELPE R A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h a s k e e p i n g a w o r k e r s u p p l i e d with m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e q u ip m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o l d i n g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m in g oth er u nskilled tasks as d ir e c t e d by jo u r n e y m a n . T h e kin d o f w o r k the h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r is c o n f i n e d to s u p p l y i n g , l i f t i n g , and h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s , and c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s . cus M AIN TEN AN CE P IP E F IT T E R M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (TO O LR O O M ) I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p i p e and p i p e f i t t i n g s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g out w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f p i p e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c u tt in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p i p e to c o r r e c t le n g t h s w ith c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; t h r e a d in g p i p e w ith s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d in g p i p e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p i p e w ith c o u p l i n g s and f a s t e n i n g p i p e t o h a n g e r s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f i n i s h e d p i p e s m eet specification s. In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W ork ers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b u il d in g s a n i t a t i o n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s are exclu ded. S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t i n g o n e o r m o r e tha n o n e t y p e o f m a c h i n e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g r in d in g m a c h i n e , e n g in e l a t h e , m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m a c h i n e m e t a l f o r u s e in m a k in g o r m a in t a i n i n g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu tt in g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r nonm etallic m a teria l (e .g ., p la stic, p la s te r, ru b b e r, gla s s ). W ork ty pically i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a t e d s e tu p s o r a hig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e tt in g up m a c h i n e t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , in s t a ll cu ttin g t o o l s and a d j u s t g u i d e s , s t o p s , w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n t r o l s to h an dle th e s i z e o f s t o c k to b e m a c h i n e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e o r . s e l e c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w i n g s , b l u e p r i n t s , o r l a y o u t s ) ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s d u r i n g m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n to a c h i e v e r e q u i s i t e d i m e n s i o n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y b e r e q u i r e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s and cu tt in g and l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e w hen t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and t o d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at t h e s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w l e d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g and exp erien ce. M AIN TEN AN CE S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a i n t a i n s in g o o d r e p a i r th e s h e e t - m e t a l e q u ip m e n t and f i x t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h i n e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , t a n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y i n g out a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten ance w o r k f r o m blu ep rin ts, m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e t t i n g u p and o p e r a t i n g a l l a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o l s in c u t t i n g , b e n d i n g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , f i t t i n g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and i n s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu dy p u r p o s e s , t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c lu d e m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and d ie j o b b i n g shops. T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R C o n s t r u c t s and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , c u tt in g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in sh a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a te ria l (e .g ., plastic, p la ste r, ru bber, gla s s ). W o rk ty pica lly in v o lv e s ; P la n n in g and la y in g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s t a n d i n g th e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and M ILLW RIG H T I n s t a l l s n e w m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t , and d i s m a n t l e s and i n s t a l l s m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e req u ired. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y i n g out 26 T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — C o n tin u e d SH IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d t o c o m p l e t e t a s k s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s ; s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g v a r i o u s m a c h i n e t o o l s and r e l a t e d e q u ip m e n t ; u s in g v a r i o u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r ' s h a n d t o o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r t s and f i n i s h e d t o o l s and d i e s t o a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; fit tin g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a l l o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the t o o l and d i e m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and ex p erien ce. P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h i p m e n t , o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n ts 01 m e r c h a n d i s e o r o th e r m a t e r i a l s . Sh ip pin g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w l e d g e o f s h ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a i l a b l e m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and r a t e s ; and p r e p a r i n g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s s h i p p e d , m a k i n g up b i l l s o f l a d i n g , p o s t i n g w e ig h t a nd ship pin g c h a r g e s , and k e e p i n g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g the m e r c h a n d is e f o r shipm en t. R e c e iv in g w o r k in v o lv e s : V erifyin g o r directin g o t h e r s in v e r i f y i n g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h i p m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k i n g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u t in g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; and m a i n ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s tu dy p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not i n c l u d e t o o l and d i e m a k e r s w h o (1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and d i e j o b b i n g s h o p s o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g i n g d i e s ( d i e s i n k e r s ) . For O p e r a t e s a nd m a i n t a i n s and m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g i n e s and e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to s u p p ly th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , h eat, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r conditioning. W ork in volves: O p e r a t i n g and m a in t a in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h as s t e a m e n g i n e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b i n e s , v e n t ila t in g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k i n g e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p i n g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a nd f u e l c o n s u m p t i o n . M ay also s u p e rv is e th e s e o p e r a t io n s . H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than o n e e n g i n e e r are ex clu d ed . purposes, w orkers are cla ssified as follow s: WAREHOUSEMAN A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s i n g d u tie s w h i c h r e q u i r e an u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s s t o r a g e p l a n . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r i a l s ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) a ga in st r e c e i v i n g d o c u m e n t s , n o tin g and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s a nd o b v i o u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g m a t e r ia ls to p r e s c r i b e d s to r a g e lo c a t io n s ; s to r i n g , stack in g, o r palletizin g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and t a k in g i n v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m i n i n g s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r t i n g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r s h i p m e n t . M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r f o r m i n g w a re h o u sin g du ties. BO ILE R TEN DE R F ires s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n i s h th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w it h h e a t , p o w e r , o r s t e a m . F e e d s f u e ls to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and safety v a lv e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u i p m e n t . Exclude w o rk e rs w hose p r im a ry d u t i e s i n v o l v e ship pin g and r e c e i v i n g w o r k ( s e e S h ip p in g and R e c e i v i n g C l e r k and Sh ip pin g P a c k e r ) , o r d e r fillin g (s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ), o r operating power tr u ck s (se e P o w e r - T r u c k O perator). Material Movement and Custodial ORDER FILLER F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f i n i s h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a l e s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , or other in stru ction s. M a y , in a d d it io n t o f i l l i n g o r d e r s and i n d i c a t i n g i t e m s f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s , r e q u i s i t i o n a d d i t i o n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p l i e s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r re la te d du ties. TR U CK DR IVER D r i v e s a t r u c k w it h in a c i t y o r in d u s t r i a l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u i p m e n t , o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts such as; M a n u fa ctu rin g plan ts, freigh t d ep ots, w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e sale a n d r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e t w e e n r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and c u s t o m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la c e s o f bu sin ess. M a y a l s o l o a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k i n g o r d e r . S a l e s r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . SH IPPING P A C K E R P r e p a r e s f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e by p l a c i n g t h e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b e i n g d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n it s to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n t a i n e r e m p l o y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h i p m e n t . W o r k r e q u i r e s th e p l a c i n g o f i t e m s in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s and m a y i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e t y p e and s i z e o f c o n t a i n e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a i n e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g and s e a l i n g c o n t a i n e r ; and a p p l y i n g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g i d e n t i f y i n g da ta o n c o n t a i n e r . P a c k e r s who also m a k e w ooden b o x e s o r cr a te s a r e exclu ded. F o r w a g e s t u d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e and ty pe o f eq uip m en t, as f o llo w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a t e d o n the b a s i s of t r a i l e r ca pa city.) s tu d y Sh ip p in g c l e r k R eceivin g cle rk Sh ip p in g and r e c e i v i n g c l e r k S T A TIO N A R Y ENGIN EER T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, wage lig h t t r u c k ( u n d e r l V 2 to n s) m e d i u m t r u c k ( I V 2 t o and in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) h e a v y t r u c k ( t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s) h e a v y t r u c k ( o t h e r than t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) 27 M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R GUARD AND W ATCHM AN A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t , s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e d u t ie s i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and u n l o a d i n g v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e o n o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r oth er tr a n sp o rtin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, shelv ing, o r placing m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a te ria ls o r m e r ch a n d is e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a rr o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , w h o l o a d and u n lo a d s h i p s , a r e e x c l u d e d . G u a r d . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e p o l i c e d u t i e s , e i t h e r at f i x e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in t a in in g o r d e r , u s i n g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In cludes g u a r d s w h o a r e s t a t io n e d at g a te and c h e c k o n id e n t i t y o f e m p l o y e e s and o t h e r p e r s o n s e n te r in g . W atchm an. M akes rounds o f p r e m i s e s p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , t h e f t , and i l l e g a l e n t r y . p eriod ica lly in p rotecting P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R J A N I T O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R O pera tes a m an ually c o n tr o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d tr u ck o r t r a c t o r t o t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r i a l s o f a l l k in d s a b o u t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . truck, C l e a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d i t i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s a nd w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r i c a l o r oth er establishm ent. D u t ie s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p i n g , m o p p i n g o r s c r u b b i n g , and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g c h i p s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u i p m e n t , f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o l i s h i n g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g s u p p l i e s a nd m i n o r m a i n t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c l e a n i n g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w ho s p e c i a l i z e in w i n d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c l u d e d . F o r w a g e s tu dy p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y t y p e o f p o w e r as f o l l o w s : F ork lift operator P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) 28 Area Wage Surveys A lis t o f the la te st b u lletin s av ailab le is p resen ted b e lo w . B u lletin s m ay be p u rc h a s e d fr o m any o f the BLS reg ion a l o ffic e s shown on the ba ck c o v e r , o r fr o m the Su perin ten dent o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G overnm ent P rin tin g O ffic e , W ash in g ton , D .C . 20402. M ake ch eck s payable to Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts. A d ir e c t o r y o f o ccu p a tio n a l w age s u r v e y s , c o v e r in g the y e a rs 1970 th rough 1976, is a v a ila b le on req u est. A rea A k r o n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 7 7 _______________________ ______ ___________ A lb a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , Sep t. 1977 ------------------------A n a h e i m —Santa A n a —G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 _________________________________________________ A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1 9 7 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 7 7 ______________________________________ B i l l i n g s , M o n t . , J u l y 1 9 7 7 * _____________________________________ B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1978__________________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1977 ----------------------------------------------------------B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1977 -------------------------------------------------------------C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 1977 1 ________________________________________ C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . —G a . , S e p t. 1977 ----------------------------------------C h i c a g o , 111., M a y 1977 1........................................................................... C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y .—I n d ., J u ly 1977 1 ------------------------------------C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t. 1977 1 ----------------------------------------------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1 9 7 7 ______________________________________ C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , J u ly 1977 1 _____________________________ D a l l a s - F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 __________________ ________ D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d r - M o l i n e , Iow a—111., F e b . 1 9 7 8 ---------D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 1977 1________________________________________ D a y t o n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1977 1______________________________ D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1977 1___________________________ D e t r o i t , M i c h . , M a r . 1 9 7 8 _______________________________________ F r e s n o , C a l i f . , June 1977 _______________________________________ G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , S e p t. 1977 1---------------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u ly 1 9 7 7 - ................................................................. G r e e n s b o r o - W i n s t o n - S a l e m —H ig h P o i n t , N . C . , A u g . 1977 1 ________________________________________________ G r e e n v i l l e —S p a r t a n b u r g , S . C . , June 1977 ------------------------------H a r t f o r d , C o n n . , M a r . 1978 1___________________________________ H o u s t o n , T e x . , A u g . 1977 1 ______________________________________ H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 7 8 -------------------------------------------------------I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 ____________________________________ J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n. 1 9 7 8 _______________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 7 7 __________________________________ K a n s a s C it y , M o . —K a n s . , S e p t. 1 9 7 7 ___________________________ L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 --------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d . , N o v . 1977 1______________________________ M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . —M i s s ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 -------------------------------- B u lletin num ber and p r ic e * 1 9 5 0 - 7 0 , 80 c e n t s 1 9 5 0 - 5 2 , 80 c e n t s 1950-60, 1950-17, 1950-39, 1950-40, 2025-15, 1950-50, 1950-58, 1950-28, 1950-44, 1950-41, 1950-45, 1950-53, 1950-64, 1950-35, 1950-65, 2025-6, 1950-71, 1950-43, 1950-74, 2025-11, 1950-30, 1950-46, 1950-36, $ 1 .00 $1.20 $ 1 .20 $ 1 .00 80 c e n t s $ 1 .2 0 $1 .00 $1 .10 70 c e n t s $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .20 $1 .40 $ 1 .0 0 $1.00 $ 1 .20 70 c e n t s $1.10 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .40 $ 1 .20 70 c e n t s $ 1 .00 70 c e n t s 1950-42, 1950-33, 2025-14, 1950-48, 2025-4, 1950-56, 2025-1, 1950-67, 1950-54, 1950-61, 1950-66, 1950-63, $1.10 70 c e n t s $1 .20 $1 .40 70 c e n t s $1.00 70 c e n t s 70 c e n t s $1.00 $1.20 $1.20 70 c e n t s A rea M i a m i , F l a . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 _________________ ________________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1977 ___________________________________ M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M in n .—W i s . , Jan. 1978 1_____________ N a s s a u —S u ff o lk , N . Y . , June 1977 ______________________________ N e w a r k , N . J . , Jan. 1978 1 _______________________________________ N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1 9 7 8 __________________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y ^ - N . J . , M a y 1 9 7 7 ...................................................... . N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a . — N . C . , M a y 1977 _________________________________________________ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h - P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p t o n , V a . —N . C . , M a y 1 9 7 7 ____________ N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y l v a n i a , A u g . 1977 1__________________________ O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g . 1977 1 ____________________________ O m a h a , N e b r . - I o w a , O c t . 1977 1 ........................................................ P a t e r s o n —C lif t o n —P a s s a i c , N . J . , June 1977 __________________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . - N . J . , N o v . 1 9 7 7 ____________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1 9 7 8 ________ ____________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , D e c . 1 9 7 7 ___________________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . - W a s h . , M a y 1977 1........... ...................................... P o u g h k e e p s i e , N . Y . , June 1977 _______________________________ P o u g h k e e p s i e —K in g s t o n —N e w b u r g h , N . Y . , June 1 9 7 6 _______ P r o v i d e n c e —W a r w i c k —P a w t u c k e t , R . I . — M a s s . , June 1977 1 ____________________________________ _________ R i c h m o n d , V a . , June 1977 1 ____________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o . —111., M a r . 1978 ________________________________ S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f . , D e c . 1977 1_______________________________ S a g in a w , M i c h . , N o v . 1 9 7 7 -------------------------------------- --------- -------Salt L a k e Cit y—O g d e n , Utah, N o v . 1 9 7 7 ______________________ San A n t o n i o , T e x . , M a y 1977 1 _________________________________ San D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1977 1_________________________________ San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . , M a r . 1978 1__________________ San J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 8 1........................................... ................. . S e a t tle —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , D e c . 19 7 7 ____________________________ South B e n d , I n d ., A u g . 1977 1 __________________________________ T o l e d o , O h i o —M i c h . , M a y 1 9 7 7 ________________________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , Sept. 1 9 7 7 _______________________________________ U t i c a ^ R o m e , N . Y . , J u l y m ? 1 ________________________________ W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . - M d ^ - V a . , M a r . 1978 1_____________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1977 1 ____________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , A p r . 1977 _________________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1978 1__________________________________________ B ulletin num ber and p r ic e * 1950-57, 1950-14, 2025-2, 1950-27, 2025-7, 2025-5, 1950-31, $ 1 .00 $ 1 .10 $ 1 .40 $ 1 .00 $1.40 $ 1.00 $ 1 .20 1 9 5 0 - 2 0 , 70 ce n ts 1950-21, 1950-38, 1950-49, 1950-55, 1950-34, 1950-62, 2025-3, 1950-69, 1950-32, 1950-25, 1900-55, 70 c e n ts $ 1 .10 $ 1 .10 $1.10 70 c e n ts $ 1 .20 $ 1.10 70 ce n ts $ 1.20 70 ce n ts 55 c e n ts 1950-22, 1950-23, 2025-13, 1950-72, 1950-59, 1950-68, 1950-24, 1950-73, 2025-10, 2025-9, 1950-75, 1950-51, 1950-18, 1950-47, 1950-37, 2025-12, 1950-16, 1950-15, 2025-8, $ 1.20 $ 1 .10 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .00 70 ce n ts 80 ce n ts $1.10 $1.10 $ 1 .40 $1.20 80 ce n ts $ 1 .10 80 ce n ts 70 ce n ts $ 1 .10 $ 1 .40 $ 1 .10 70 ce n ts $ 1 .10 Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 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