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1 1,

. ..

I

A re a Wage S u rv e y

1

The Midland and Odessa, Texas, Metropolitan Area
June 1968
Midland

Odessa

t
V

M ID LA N D
ECTOR

Bulletin No. 1575-72




UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR ST A T I S T I CS

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES

Region I
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Government Center, Room 1603-B
Boston, Mass. 02203
T e l.: 223-6762

Region II
341 Ninth Ave.
New York, N. Y. 1Q001
Tel. : 971-5405

Region III
Box 1784
William Penn Annex
Philadelphia, Pa. 19105

Region IV
1371 Peachtree St. , NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
T e l.: 526-5418

Region V
219 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, 111. 60604
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Region VI
Federal Office Building
Third Floor
911 Walnut St.
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
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Region VII
Mayflower Building
Room 337
411 North Akard St.
Dallas, Tex. 75201
T e l.: 749-3616

Region VIII
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
T e l.: 556-4678




Area Wage Survey

The Midland and Odessa, Texas, Metropolitan Area




June 1 9 68

B u lle tin N o. 1 5 7 5 -7 2
August 1968

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Willard Wirtz, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ben Burdetsky, Acting Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 3 0 cents




P refa ce

C ontents
Page

The B u reau of L abor Statistics p ro gram of annual
occupational wage su rv ey s in m etropolitan a reas is d e ­
signed to provide data on occupational earnin gs, and e sta b ­
lish m en t p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p ro vision s.
It
y ie ld s detailed data by selec ted industry division for each
of the a re a s studied, fo r geographic reg io n s, and for the
United S tates.
A m a jo r consideration in the p ro gram is
the need fo r g re a te r insight into (1) the m ovem ent of wages
by occu pation al categ ory and sk ill le v e l, and (2) the str u c ­
ture and le v e l of w ages among a re as and industry d iv isio n s.

E ig h t y -s ix a re a s cu rren tly are included in the
program .
In each a r e a , inform ation on occupational e a r n ­
ings is c o lle c te d annually and on establish m en t p ra ctices
and su pp lem en tary wage p ro v isio n s biennially.
T h is bu lletin p r e se n ts resu lts of the su rvey in
M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., in June 1968.
The Standard
M etro p olita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s , as defined by the Bureau
of the Budget through A p r il 1967, c on sist of Midland and
E ctor C ou n ties.
This study was conducted by the staff
of the B u re a u 's Atlanta R egion al O ffice under the g en eral
d irection of Donald M . C r u s e , A ssista n t R egional D irec to r
for O p era tio n s.




1

T a b le s;
1.

A.

B.

E stab lish m en ts and w o rk ers within scope of su rvey and
num ber studied__________________________________________________________
O ccupational ea rn in g s;*
A - 1. O ffice occupations—m en and w om en___________________________
A - 2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ical occupations—m en and
w om en____________________________________________________________
A - 3 . O ffic e , p r o fe ssio n a l, and technical occupations—
m en and wom en c o m b in ed _______________________________
A - 4 . M aintenance and powerplant occupations_____________________
A - 5. C u stodial and m a te r ia l m ovem en t o cc u p a tio n s_____________
E stab lish m en t p ra ctic e s and supplem entary wage p r o v is io n s ;*
B - l . M inim um entrance s a la r ie s for wom en office
w o r k e r s __________________________________________________________
B - 2 . Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ________________________________________________
B - 3 . Scheduled w eekly h o u r s _________________________________________
B - 4 . P aid h olid ay s______________________________________________________
B - 5 . Paid v a c a tio n s ____________________________________________________
B - 6 . H ealth, in su ran ce, and pension p lan s________________________
B - 7 . P r em iu m pay for o vertim e w o r k ______________________________

Appendix.

O ccupational d e s c r ip tio n s ________________________________________

areas.

* NOTE;
S im ila r tabulations are available fo r other
(See inside back c o v er.)

3

4
5
6
7
7

oo o o o

At the end of each su rvey, an individual area b u l­
letin p r e se n ts su rvey r e su lts fo r each area studied.
A fter
com p letion of a ll of the individual area bulletins fo r a
round of s u r v e y s , a tw o -p a r t su m m ary bulletin is issu ed .
The fir s t part b rin g s data for each of the m etropolitan
a r e a s studied into one bu lletin .
The second part p resen ts
in fo rm a tio n which has been p rojected fro m individual
m etro p o litan a rea data to rela te to geographic regions and
the United States.

Introduction_______________________________________________________________________

1
11
13
14
15




Area W age Survey----The Midland and Odessa, Tex., Metropolitan Area
Introduction
This area is 1 of 86 in which the U .S . Department of Labor’ s
Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings
and related benefits on an areawide basis.
In this area, data were
obtained by personal v isits of Bureau field economists to representa­
tive establishments within these broad industry divisions: Manufacturing;
transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale
trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; services; and
crude petroleum and natural gas. Major industry groups excluded from
these studies are government operations and th e construction and
mining industries.
Establishments having fewer than a prescribed
number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insuffi­
cient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion.
Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divi­
sions which meet publication criteria.

allowances and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours
are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the
standard workweek (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which em ­
ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries (exclusive of pay
for overtime at regular and/or premium rates). Average weekly earn­
ings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.
The averages presented reflect composite, areawide esti­
m ates.
Industries and establishments differ in pay level and job
staffing and, thus, contribute differently to the estimates for each job.
The pay relationship obtainable from the averages may fail to reflect
accurately the wage spread or differential maintained among jobs in
individual establishments.
Sim ilarly, differences in average pay
levels for men and women in any of the selected occupations should
not be assumed to reflect differences in pay treatment of the sexes
within individual establishments. Other possible factors which may
contribute to differences in pay for men and women include: D iffer­
ences in progression within established rate ranges, since only the
actual rates paid incumbents are collected; and differences in specific
duties perform ed, although the workers are classified appropriately
within the same survey job description.
Job descriptions used in
classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized
than those used in individual establishments and allow for minor
differences among establishments in the specific duties performed.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of
the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments.
To
obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of
large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data,
however, a ll establishments are given their appropriate weight.
E s­
timates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore,
as relating to a ll establishments in the industry grouping and area,
except for those below the minimum size studied.
Occupations and Earnings

Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in
all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number
actually surveyed.
Because of differences in occupational structure
among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment ob­
tained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate
the relative importance of the jobs studied.
These differences in
occupational structure do not affect m aterially the accuracy of the
earnings data.

The occupations selected for study are common to a variety
of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the
following types: (1) Office clerical; (2) professional and technical;
(3) maintenance and powerplant; and (4) custodial and m aterial m ove­
ment.
Occupational Classification is based on a uniform set of job
descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation
in duties within the same job.
The occupations selected for study
are listed and described in the appendix.
The earnings data following
the job titles are for a ll industries combined. Earnings data for some
of the occupations listed and described, or for some industry divisions
within occupations, are not presented in the A -s e r ie s tables, because
either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough
data to m erit presentation, or (2) there is possibility of disclosure
of individual establishment data.

Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Information is presented (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on selected
establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they
relate to plant and office w orkers. Administrative, executive, and
professional em ployees, and construction workers who are utilized
as a separate work force are excluded.
"Plant w orkers" include
working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions.
"O ffice w orkers"
include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing
clerical or related functions.
Cafeteria workers and routemen are
excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing
industries.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for
fu ll-tim e w o rk ers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule
in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre­
mium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and
late shifts.
Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but co st-o f-liv in g




1

2
Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers (table
B -l) relate only to the establishments visited. Because of the optimum
sampling techniques used, and the probability that large establish­
ments are more likely to have form al entrance rates for workers
above the subclerical level than sm all establishm ents, the table is
m ore-representative of policies in medium and large establishments.
Shift differential data (table B -2) are lim ited to plant workers
in manufacturing industries.
This information is presented both in
terms of (1) establishment policy, 1 presented in term s of total plant
worker employment, and (2) effective practice, presented in term s of
workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the
survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount
applying to a m ajority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority,
the classification "o th e r" was used. In establishments in which some
late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded
only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours.
The scheduled weekly hours (table B -3) of a m ajority of the
first-sh ift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to
all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Scheduled
weekly hours are those which fu ll-tim e employees were expected to
work, whether they were paid for at straight-tim e or overtime rates.
Paid holidays; paid vacations; health, insurance, and pension
plans; and premium pay for overtime work (tables B -4 through B -7)
are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all
plant or office ,workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or
may eventually qualify for the practices listed.
Sums of individual
items in tables B -2 through B -7 may not equal totals because of
rounding.
Data on paid holidays (table B -4) are limited to data on holi­
days granted annually on a form al basis; i .e ., (1) are provided for
in written form , or (2) have been established by custom.
Holidays
ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a non­
workday and the worker is not granted another day off.
The first
part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and half
holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half
holidays to show total holiday tim e.
The summary of vacation plans (table B -5) is lim ited to a
statistical measure of vacation provisions.
It is not intended as a
measure of the proportion of workers actually receiving specific bene­
fits. Provisions of an establishment for all lengths of service were
tabulated as applying to all plant or office workers of the establish­
ment, regardless of length of service.
Provisions for payment on
other than a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example,
a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equiv­
alent of 1 week's pay. Estim ates exclude vacation-savings plans and
those which offer "extended" or "sabbatical" benefits beyond basic
plans to workers with qualifying lengths of service. Typical of such
exclusions are plans in the steel, aluminum, and can industries.
1
conditions:
late shifts.

An

establishment

was

considered

as having

a p olicy

if

it

m et

either of

the




Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of
insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly
to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illn ess or accident
disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the
employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which
have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require e m ­
ployer contributions, 2 plans are included only if the employer (1) con­
tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee
with benefits which exceed the requirem ents of the law. Tabulations
of paid sick leave plans are limited to form al plans3 which provide
full pay or a proportion of the w orker's pay during absence from work
because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to
(1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans
which provide either partial pay or a waiting period.
In addition to
the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided
sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated
total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits.
Catastrophe insurance, som etim es referred to as major m ed­
ical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect
employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond
the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial
payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com ­
m ercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may
be paid for by the employer out of a fund set aside for this purpose.
Tabulations of retirement pension plans are lim ited to those plans
that provide regular payments for the remainder of the w orker's life.
Data on overtime premium pay (table B -7 ), the hours after
which premium pay is received and the corresponding rate of pay, are
presented by daily and weekly provisions.
Daily overtime refers to
work in excess of a specified number of hours a day regardless of
the number of hours worked on other days of the pay period. Weekly
overtime refers to work in excess of a specified number of hours
per week regardless of the day on which it is perform ed, the number
of hours per day, or number of days worked.

follow ing

(1) Operated late shifts at the tim e o f the survey, or (2 ) had form al provisions covering
An establishment was considered as having form al provisions if it (1 ) had operated late

shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey,
late shifts.

Data on health, insurance, and pension plans (table B -6 ) in­
clude those plans for which the em ployer pays at least a part of the
cost. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance
company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by
•the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside
for this purpose. An establishment was considered to have a plan
if the majority of employees were eligible to be covered under the
plan, even if less than a m ajority elected to participate because e m ­
ployees were required to contribute toward the cost of the plan. L e ­
gally required plans, such as workm en's compensation, social s e ­
curity, and railroad retirement were excluded.

or (2 ) had provisions in written form for operating

The temporary disability
contributions.

laws

in C alifornia

and

Rhode

Island

do

not require

em ployer

An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if it established at least the
m in im u m number o f days o f sick leave availa ble to each e m p lo y ee .
Such a plan need not be
written, but informal sick leave allow ances, determ ined on an individual basis, were ex clu d ed .

3

T a b le 1.

E sta b lish m e n ts and W o rk e rs Within S co p e o f S u rv e y and N um ber Studied in M idland and O d e s s a , T e x . , 1 by M a jo r Industry D iv i s io n ,2 June 1968
N u m b er of esta b lish m en ts
M in im um
em ploym en t
i|^ e s t a b lis h * m ents in scope
o f study

In d u stry d iv isio n

W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts
W ithin scop e of study

W ithin scop e
of study*

Studied
Studied

T o t a l4
Plant
N u m b er

A l l d iv is io n s -----

----------

--------

------------------------

M an u factu rin g__________________________________________
N on m an u factu rin g------------ -------- ---- --------------------T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and
other p ub lic u tilitie s 5 _________________________
W h o le s a le t r a d e ___ __
___________________
----------R e ta il tr a d e ------- ------------ -----------F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e _________
_____ _____________ ___ __
S e r v ic e s 8___ ___ __
C rude p e tr o le u m and n atu ral g a s------------------

O ffic e

P er c en t

T o t a l4

.

130

54

1 6 ,0 0 0

100

9 ,0 0 0

2 , 700

9, 090

50
-

14
116

10
44

2 ,3 0 0
1 3 ,7 0 0

15
85

1 ,5 0 0
7, 500

300
2 , 400

1 ,9 6 0
7, 130

50
50
50
50
50
50

22
4
28
7
9
46

10
3
9
3
4
15

2 ,6 0 0
500
2 , 500
700
700
6 , 700

16
3
15
4
5
42

1 ,9 0 0

200

1, 580
420
1, 140
380
330
3 ,2 8 0

( 6)
(6)
( 7)
( 6)
( 6)

( 6)
( 6)
(6)
(6
( 6)

1 The M idland and O d e s s a Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a s , as d efin ed by the B u reau o f the Budget through A p r il 1967, c o n s is t o f M idland and E c to r C ou n ties. The "w o r k e r s within
s c o p e o f stu dy" e s tim a te s show n in this table p ro v id e a r e a so n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and co m p o s itio n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d ed in the s u r v e y .
The es tim a te s are not intended,
h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith other em ploym ent in d exes fo r the a re a to m e a s u r e em ploym en t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the use of establish m en t
data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in adva n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts are ex clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .
2 The 1967 ed ition o f the Standard Industrial C lassification . M anual w as u se d in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in d u stry d iv isio n .
3 In clu d es all e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m lim ita tio n . A ll outlets (w ithin the area) o f co m p a n ie s in such in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r ep a ir s e r v ic e ,
and m o tio n p ic tu re th e a te rs a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 esta b lish m e n t.
4 In clu d es e x e c u tiv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and other w o rk e rs exclu ded fr o m the se p a ra te plant and o ffic e c a t e g o r ie s .
5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w ater tra n s p o rta tio n w e re e x clu d e d .
6 T h is in d u stry d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e stim a te s fo r "a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m an u factu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , and fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " in the S e r ie s B t a b le s . Sepa ra te p resen tation
o f data fo r th is d iv is io n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e of the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s :
(1) E m ploym en t in the d iv is io n is to o sm a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it sep a ra te study, (2) the sam ple was
not d e s ig n e d in itia lly to p e r m it s e p a ra te pre se n ta tio n , (3) re s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p e r m it se p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th ere is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e of individual
e s ta b lis h m e n t data.
7 W o r k e r s fr o m th is en tire in d u stry d iv isio n are re p re s e n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , but fr o m the r e a l estate p o r tio n on ly in estim a tes
fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . S eparate p resen tation o f data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s g iven in footn ote 6 above.
8 H otels and m o t e ls ; la u n d rie s and other p e rs o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u tom obile r e p a ir , ren tal, and parking; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n on p rofit m e m b e r s h ip org a n iz a tion s (exclu d in g
r e lig io u s and c h a r ita b le o r g a n iz a tio n s ); and en gin eerin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s .




A lm o st o n e -h a lf o f the w o r k e r s w ithin s co p e o f the s u r v e y in the M idland and O d e s s a
a re a s w e re e m p lo y e d in the cru d e p e tro le u m and natural gas in d u stry, and about o n e - seventh
of the a r e a s ' em ploym en t w as in m an u factu rin g fir m s . The fo llo w in g table p r e s e n ts the m a jo r
industry groups and s p e c ific in d u strie s as a p e r c e n t o f all m an u factu rin g:
Industry grou ps
P e tro le u m and c o a l p r o d u c ts — 34
C h e m ica ls and a llie d
p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------- 29
F a b r ic a te d m etal p r o d u c t s ____ 11
M a ch in ery, ex ce p t e l e c t r i c a l — 9
8
P rintin g and pu b lish in g________
6
F o o d and k in d red p r o d u c t s ------

S p e c ific in d u strie s
P e tr o le u m r e fin in g ------------------P la s t ic s m a te r ia ls and
s y n t h e t ic s _________________ - __
C o n stru ctio n and re la te d
m a c h in e r y -------------------------------N e w s p a p e rs -------------------------------F a b r ic a te d s tru ctu ra l m etal
p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------

34
25
9
8
7

T h is in fo rm a tio n is b a s e d on e s tim a te s of to ta l e m p loym en t d e r iv e d fr o m u n iv e r s e
P r o p o r tio n s in v a r io u s in d u stry d iv isio n s m ay
m a te ria ls co m p ile d p r io r to actual su rv e y .
d iffe r fr o m p r o p o r tio n s b a s e d on the r e s u lts o f the s u r v e y as show n in table 1 ab o ve .

4
A. Occupational Earnings
Table A-L Office Occupations—Men and Women
(A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Midland and O d essa, T e x ., June 1968)
Weekly earnings'
(standard)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Number
of
workers

Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)

T
M ean2

Median 2

M iddle range 2

~ T
50

$

$

$

55

60

65

70

60

65

70

75

Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e w eekly earnings of—
$
$
$
$
$
4
$
$
$
$
$
$
%
$
$
$
80
85
100
75
90
95
11 0
120
130
14 0
150
170
16 0
18 0
190
200

and
under
- 55

80

85

90

95

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

17 0

180

19 0

200

210

6
6

6
6

2

17
17

15
12

17
10

11
11

19
19

15
15

16
1A

12
12

19
19

9
9

6
6

_

3

_

_

MEN
CLERKS* ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

17 0
15 8

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

20

4 2 .5

$
$
1 4 5 . 0 0 1 44 .0 0 1 1 7 . 0 0 - 1 7 2 . 5 0
1 4 7 .0 0 1 4 8 .0 0 1 1 9 . 0 0 - 1 7 4 . 0 0

WOMEN
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
CLASS A ----------------------------------------------

8 1 .5 0

7 8 .0 0

7 5 .0 0 -

8 4 .0 0

_

_

_

-

_

-

5

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --------------NONMANUFACTURING-------- ------------------------

59
47

4 0 .5
4 1 .0

1 1 7 .5 0
1 2 0 .5 0

1 1 8 .0 0
1 1 9 .0 0

8 9 .5 0 - 1 4 5 .0 0
8 9 .5 0 - 1 4 9 .0 0

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------—

81
74

4 0 .5
4 1 .0

8 8 .0 0
8 9 .0 0

8 6 .0 0
8 7 .0 0

7 9 .5 0 - 9 4 .5 0
8 0 .0 0 - 9 5 .0 0

_

CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS B ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

19
19

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

8 6 .0 0
8 6 .0 0

8 1 .5 0
8 1 .5 0

7 5 .0 0 - 1 0 5 .0 0
7 5 .0 0 - 1 0 5 .0 0

_

_

-

-

CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS C ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

49
44

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 4 .0 0
7 4 .0 0

6 8 .0 0
6 8 .0 0

6 5 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 -

_

-

CLERKS, PAYROLL ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------------------

19
16

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 4 .0 0
9 3 .5 0

9 0 .0 0
8 9 .0 0

8 6 .0 0 - 1 0 0 .0 0
8 5 . 0 0 - 9 9 .5 0

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

30
25

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 2 .0 0
9 0 .0 0

9 2 .5 0
8 9 .0 0

8 4 .0 0 - 9 9 .0 0
8 3 . 0 0 - 9 8 .0 0

_

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

48
41

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .5 0
7 4 .0 0

7 3 .0 0
7 2 .5 0

7 0 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 -

8 1 .5 0
7 5 .0 0

-

OFFICE GIRLS -----------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

19
19

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .5 0
7 5 .5 0

7 6 .0 0
7 6 .0 0

7 1 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 -

7 9 .0 0
7 9 .0 0

_

SECRETARIES3-------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

26 9
23 7

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 2 3 .0 0
1 2 4 .5 0

1 1 7 .5 0
1 1 8 .5 0

1 0 2 .0 0 -1 4 4 .5 0
1 0 1 .5 0 -1 4 9 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS B -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

40
35

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 3 0 .5 0
1 3 2 .0 0

1 2 2 .5 0
1 2 5 .0 0

1 0 4 .0 0 -1 6 4 .5 0
1 0 2 .5 0 -1 6 6 .0 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS C ------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------

106
93

4 0 .0
4 0 -0

1 2 2 .0 0
1 2 3 .0 0

1 2 2 .5 0
1 2 5 .5 0

1 0 4 .0 0 -1 4 2 .0 0
1 0 4 .0 0 -1 4 4 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS D -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

11 3
101

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 9 .5 0
1 2 1 .5 0

1 1 2 .5 0
1 1 3 .0 0

9 8 .0 0 - 1 4 2 .5 0
9 7 .0 0 - 1 4 7 .5 0

_

-

-

-

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 4----------------------------

247
28
21 9
29

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 4 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
9 4 .5 0
1 0 9 .0 0

9 1 .5 0
9 3 .0 0
9 1 .5 0
1 0 7 .0 0

8 4 .0 0 - 1 0 0 .0 0
8 4 .0 0 - 1 0 1 .0 0
8 4 .5 0 - 1 0 0 .0 0
9 5 .5 0 - 1 1 8 .0 0

_

-

-

-

“

-

~

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

12 5
123

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 3 .5 0
1 0 3 .5 0

1 0 5 .5 0
1 0 5 .5 0

8 8 .0 0 - 1 1 4 .0 0
8 8 .0 0 -1 1 4 .0 0

_

-

_

-

33
33

4 2 .5
4 2 .5

7 2 .5 0
7 2 .5 0

7 4 .0 0
7 4 .0 0

6 2 .5 0 6 2 .5 0 -

6
6

2
2

-

2
2

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

7 8 .5 0
7 8 .0 0

7 9 .0 0
7 9 .0 0

-

-




_

_

_

3

“

“

5
5

2
2

2
~

_

-

_

3
3

6
6

_

-

7
7

5
5

3
2
2

1
1

-

_

_
-

_
-

2
2

-

_

-

-

4
4

3

1
1

1
1

3
3

3
3

5
3

2

1
1

8
6

3
3

2

18
18

20
17

44
36

44
35

1
1

6
6

11
9

5
5

6
6

4
1

11
11
43
10

22
21

2
-

6

5

6

3

4
4

4
4

9
9

2

4
4

_

8

-

2
2

“

6

7
7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

_

_

-

8
6

2

“

-

30

9

27

43

-

-

2

7

-

20
2

43

21
21

18
18

3

1
1

4
4

-

-

30
-

7
3

_

_

-

-

9
9

8
8

.

-

_
_

-

-

_

2
2

7
4

6
6

2
2

2
2

~

1
1

_

_

_

_

_

-

26
20

15
12

23
22

24
24

24
24

4
4

2
2

2
2

2
1

1
1

1
~

5
4

2
2

7
7

2
2

2
2

_

_

-

-

14
10

18
18

19
15

8
6

9
9

14
14

5
5

_

_

_

_

~

10
10

18
16

24
16

3
3

6
6

6
6

8
8

9
9

2
2

~

2
2

2
2

34

30
4

7
2

8

4

_

_

3

_

«

_

5
2

8
“

4
-

-

-

—

-

-

-

3
3

-

9
9

7
7

_

_

-

-

1

_

-

2

-

2
2

_

5
5

-

4
4

-

-

2

4
4

9
9

-

4

3

4
3

_

-

4

_

1
8
6

2
2

'

See footnotes at end of table.

6
6

_

-

-

3
3

21
20

“

_

5
5

1
1

-

-

5

4

4
4

_

-

16
16

_

-

-

8
6

6
6

-

_

18
16

9
9

-

-

_

1
1

4
4

13
11

1

13
13

2
-

_

_

_

1
-

2

-

-

~

10

1
1

2

1

33
1

32
5

26
8

9
1
8
4

3

9
9

28
26

30
30

2

_

_

-

-

_

~

~

5
Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued
(Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division , Midland and O dessa, Tex. , June 1968)
Weekly earnings1
(standard)
Number

Sex, occupation, and industry division

WOMEN -

Number of w orkers receiving ts traight-tim e w eekly earnings of—

weekly
hours1
(standard)

Median 2

$

$

$

$

$

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

110

120

130

$
140

$
150

$
160

$
170

$
180

$
190

200

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

10 0

110

12 0

130

14 0

15 0

16 0

170

180

190

200

210

$
$
8 1 .0 0 - 1 0 2 .5 0
8 4 .0 0 - 1 1 1 .5 0

-

-

4
4

-

-

-

3
1

6
2

11
11

1

-

-

5
5

3

-

-

-

2

5

3

4

1

-

1

1

-

10
7

_

-

1
1

1
1

_

2

$
50

M ean1
2*4

$

55

$
Middle range 2

$

$

$

$

*

S

$

and
under

CONTINUED

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIGNISTSNONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

33
25

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

$
9 1 .0 0
9 1 .5 0

$
8 7 .0 0
8 7 .5 0

TYP IST S, CLASS A ---------------------------------------

18

4 0 .5

9 2 .5 0

8 9 .0 0

8 3 .0 0 -

9 6 .0 0

T Y P IST S, CLASS B --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

20
17

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .0 0
7 5 .0 0

7 2 .0 0
7 2 .0 0

6 6 .0 0 6 4 .5 0 -

7 5 .0 0
8 0 .0 0

-

-

-

5
5

1
1

1

-

—

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

2

1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees re ceive their regular straigh t-tim e sa la rie s (e xclu sive o f pay fo r overtim e at regular a n d /o r prem ium rates), and the earnings corresp on d
to these w eekly hou rs.
2 The m ean is com puted fo r each jo b by totaling the earnings o f all w ork ers and dividing by the number of w o rk e rs.
The m edian designates position— half o f the em ployees surveyed receiv e m ore
than the rate shown; half r e c e iv e le s s than the rate shown.
The m iddle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth o f the w ork ers earn le s s than the low er of these rates and a fourth earn m ore than
the higher rate.
* May include w ork ers other than those presented separately.
4 T ran sp ortation, com m u n ication , and other public utilities.




Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women

Salaries of pro fe ssio n a l and technical w ork ers are om itted
fro m this report.
Data do not meet- publication cr ite r ia .

6
Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations1—Men and Women Combined
(A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division,. Midland and O dessa, T e x ., June 1968)
Average

Occupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Weekly
Weekly
hours 2 earnings 2
(standard) (standard)

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,

$
20

42*5

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

22 9
24
205

4 0 .0
4 0 ,0
4 0 .0

1 3 8 .0 0
1 1 2 .5 0
1 4 1 .0 0

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

81
74

4 0 .5
4 1 .0

8 8 .0 0
8 9 .0 0

CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS B ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

22
22

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 3 .5 0
9 3 .5 0

CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS C ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

52
47

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .5 0
7 5 .5 0

CLERKS, PAYROLL ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

24
19

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 7 .0 0
1 0 6 .5 0

Average

Occupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Weekly
hours 2
(standard)

Weekly
earning s 2
(standard)

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A --------------NONMANUFACTURING------------------------- ------

32
27

4 0 .0

$
9 3 .0 0

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

48
41

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .5 0
7 4 .0 0

OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS-----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

29
27

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 8 .0 0
7 7 .5 0

SECRETARIES3-------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

269
23 7

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 2 3 .0 0
1 2 4 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS B ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------------------

40
35

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 3 0 .5 0
1 3 2 .0 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS C -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

106
93

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 2 2 .0 0
1 2 3 .0 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS D -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

113
101

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 9 .5 0
1 2 1 .5 0

Average

Occupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Weekly
earnings 2
(standard)

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -------------------------iaakikic
AmiDT
nuniurau
i u m nktn.
u —
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 4----------------------------

24 7
28
21 9
29

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

$
9 4 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
9 4 .5 0
1 0 9 .0 0

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ------ ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

125
123

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 3 .5 0
1 0 3 .5 0

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

33
33

4 2 .5
4 2 .5

7 2 .5 0
7 2 .5 0

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSNONMANUFACTURING--------- -----------------------

33
25

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 1 .0 0
9 1 .5 0

TYPISTS, CLASS A ---------------------------------------

18

4 0 .5

9 2 .5 0

TYPISTS, CLASS B --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

20
17

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

7 5 .0 0
7 5 .0 0

1 S alaries of p rofession al and technical w orkers are omitted from this report.
2 Standard hours refle ct the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la r ie s (exclusive of pay for overtim e at regu lar a n d /o r p rem iu m r a te s),
correspond to these w eekly hours.
3 M ay include w ork ers other than those presented separately.
4 T ransportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities.




W eekly
hours 2
(standard)

and the earnings

7
Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, Midland and O d essa , T e x ., June 1968)
Hourly earnings

Occupation and industry division

1

■N um ber

$
1 .7 0

Number
of
workers

M ean1
2

Median

2

Middle range 2

$
1 .9 0

$
2 .0 0

$
2 .1 0

$
2 .2 0

$
2 .3 0

$
2 .4 0

$
2 .5 0

$
2 .6 0

$
2 .7 0

$
2 .8 0

$
2 .9 0

$
3 .0 0

$
3 .2 0

%
3 .4 0

$
3 .6 0

%
i
3 .8 0 4 .0 0

$
4 .2 0

$
$
"5—
4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0

1 .9 0

2 .0 0

2 .1 0

2 .2 0

2 .3 0

2 .4 0

2 .5 0

2 .6 0

2 .7 0

2 .8 0

2 .9 0

3 .0 0

3 .2 0

3 .4 0

3 .6 0

3 .8 0

4 .0 0

4 .4 0

4 .6 0

-

-

4

-

—

9

1

8

9

4

4

4

9

4

4

and
under

-

1 .8 0

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ------------------NONMANUFACTURING:
PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 ---------------------------- 4

39

$
4 .0 1

$
4 .0 8

$
$
3 .7 4 - 4 .3 9

21

4 .3 7

4 .3 8

4 .3 2 - 4 .5 9

ENGINEERS* STATIONARY ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

16
16

Z .7 *
2 .7 4

2 .7 3
2 .7 3

2 .3 6 - 3 .5 2
2 .3 6 - 3 .5 2

2
2

_

HELPERS* MAINTENANCE TRADES ---------------

25

2 .5 5

2 .5 2

2 .3 1 -

-

4

MECHANICS* AUTOMOTIVE
(MAINTENANCE) -------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

81
80

3 .2 2
3 .2 2

3 .1 7
3 .1 6

2 .9 9 - 3 .5 6
2 .9 9 - 3 .5 4

MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE -------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------

122
64

3 .8 2
3 .9 7

3 .8 5
3 .9 1

3 .7 0 - 4 .0 2
3 .8 5 - 4 .0 6

3 .1 5

1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends,
2 F o r definition of t e r m s , see footnote 2, table A - l .
3 T ran sportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities.

of w ork ers re '-e i,ring stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings of—

$
1 .8 0

-

-

_

-

_

holidays,

-

-

-

—

_

-

-

~

“

-

-

-

-

1

1

“

-

_

_

_

—

-

-

-

-

2

“

2

2
2

2
2

-

1

5

-

-

-

1

3

4

4
4

3
3

3
3

2

“

2

9
9

22
22

-

_

_

1

_

_

1

4
4
5

_

-

_

4 .2 0

_

5 .0 0

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

-

8
8

12
12

18
17

-

9

6
2

22

48
35

31
23

“

4 .8 0

-

_

•

2
2

2
2

and late shifts.

Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry d ivision , Midland and O dessa, T e x ., June 1968)
Hourly earnings 2

O ccupation 1 and industry division

Number
of
workers

Number of w orkers receiving straight-tim e hourly earnings of—
$
1 .1 0

Mean 3

M edian 3

Middle range 3

$
' $
1 .9 1
1 .7 1
1 .8 1
1 .7 7
1 .9 4
1 .7 0

26

1 .8 4

1 .7 3

1 .6 6 -

TRUCKDRIVERS4 ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

145
139

2 .3 1
2 .3 4

TRUCKDRIVERS, MEOIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO
AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) ---------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

55
55

1 .8 6
1 .8 6

JANITORS* PORTERS* AND CLEANERS
MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

129
30
99

LABORERS* MATERIAL HANDLING ---------

1
2
3
4

$
1 .3 0

$
1 .4 0

$
1 .5 0

$
1 .6 0

$
1 .7 0

$
1 .8 0

$
1 .9 0

$
2 .0 0

$
$
2 . 10 2 . 2 0

$
$
2 . 30 2 . 4 0

$
T
2 . 50 2 . 6 0

$
2 .7 0

t
2 .8 0

$
2 .9 0

1 .3 0

1 .4 0

1 .5 0

1 .6 0

1 .7 0

1 .8 0

1 .9 0

2 .0 0

2 .1 0

2 . 20 2 . 3 0

2 . 40 2 . 5 0

2 . 60 2 . 7 0

2 .8 0

2 .9 0

8

-

-

2

3

-

-

-

-

-

2

6

12
10
2

6

-

15
5
10

-

-

43
12
31

6

-

-

6

3

3

-

2

-

-

12
12

4
4

-

_

_

10
-

-

10

8

1 .9 3

-

-

-

-

-

12

5

2 .1 3
2*19

1 .6 8 - 2 .9 9
1 .7 0 - 3 .0 1

-

_

_

_

36
30

18
18

_

_

~

6
6

-

~

1 .7 2
1 .7 2

1 .6 6 - 1 .7 9
1 .6 6 - 1 .7 9

_

_

24
24

18
18

_

_

_

Data lim ited to m en w ork ers.
E xclud es p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
For definition of t e r m s , see footnote 2, table A - l .
Includes a ll d r iv e r s , as defined, regard le ss of size and type of truck operated.




i
3 .0 0

$
3 .1 0

$
~r~
3 .2 0 3 .4 0

3 .0 0

3 .1 0

3 .2 0

3 .4 0

-*

18
18

3
3

and
under
1 .2 0

$
$
1 .6 3 - 2 .1 3
1 . 6 6 - 1 .9 6
1 .6 2 - 2 .1 9

$
1 .2 0

6
6

~

-

3
3
-

—
-

2

-

-

3
3

6
6

4
4

2
2

1
1

—
-

—
—

-

2

-

-

-

-

7
7

4
4

6
6

4
4

8
8

2
2

1
1

_

_

_

_

_

3 .6 0

—
-

—

-

*
-

23
23

3
3

2
2
-

8
B. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers
(D is trib u tio n o f e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u s trie s and in in du stry d iv is io n s by m inim um entrance s a la ry fo r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s
o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w om en o f fi c e w o r k e r s , M idland and O d e s s a , T e x . , June 1968)
O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r i c a l w o rk e rs 2

In e x p e rie n ce d typists

M inim um w eekly s tr a ig h t-tim e sa la r y 1

A ll
sch ed u les

E sta b lish m en ts stu d ied -----------------------------------------------------

54

10

E s ta b lis h m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m ________________

40

A ll
sch ed u les

N onm anufacturing

B a sed on stan dard w eek ly hours 3 o f—

A ll
in d u stries

B ased on standard w eekly h ours 3 o f—

A ll
in d u strie s

M anufacturin g

N onm anufacturing

M anufacturing

A ll
sch ed u les

40

XXX

44

XXX

54

40

All
sch edu le s

40

10

XXX

44

XXX

18

3

3

15

15

26

5

4

21

19

$ 6 2 .5 0 __________________________________
$ 65. 00_______________________________ ___
$ 6 7 .5 0 __________________________________
$ 7 0 .0 0 __________________________________
$ 7 2 .5 0 ---------------------------------------------------$ 7 5. 00 -------------------------------------------------------------$ 7 7 .5 0 _________________________________
$ 8 0 .0 0 __________________________________
$ 8 2 .5 0 -------------------------------------------------------------$ 8 5 .0 0 _________________________________
$ 8 7 .5 0 _________________________________
$ 9 0 .0 0 _________________________________

_
6
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
~

_
2
-

_
2
-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
2
1

5
2
3
2
2
1
2

-

1
1
2
1

2
8
2
4
2
2
2
2

_
3
-

-

_
4
2
2
1
1

_
3
1

-

_
4
2
2
1
1

E s ta b lis h m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m ______________

5

2

XXX

3

E sta b lish m en ts w hich did not e m p lo y w o rk e rs
in this c a t e g o r y ------------------------------------------------------------------------

31

5

XXX

26

$ 6 0 .0 0
$ 6 2 .5 0
$ 6 5 .0 0
$ 6 7 .5 0
$ 7 0 .0 0
$ 7 2. 50
$ 7 5 .0 0
$ 7 7 .5 0
$ 8 0 .0 0
$ 8 2 .5 0
$ 8 5 .0 0
$ 8 7 . 50

and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and

under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under

-

-

-

-

2
5
2
3
2
2
1
2

-

-

1

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

"

1

XXX

16

4

XXX

12

XXX

XXX

12

XXX

11

XXX

T h e se s a la r ie s re la te to fo r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m startin g (h iring) re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s that a re paid fo r standard w o rk w e e k s .
E x clu d es w o r k e r s in s u b c le r ic a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r o r o f fi c e g ir l.
Data a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a ll standard w ork w eek s co m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t co m m o n standard w o rk w e e k rep o rte d .




1

9
Table B-2. Shift Differentials
(Shift d iffe r e n tia ls o f m an u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s by type and am ount o f d iffe r e n tia l,
M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
P e r c e n t o f m an u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s —
In e sta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l
p r o v isio n s 1 fo r —

Shift d ifferen tial

Second shift
w ork

T h ird or other
sh ift w ork

A c tu a lly w orking on—

Second sh ift

T h ird or other
sh ift

8 4 .8

77 .5

13 .2

1 1 .4

With shift pay d iffe r e n tia l----------------------------------------

6 7 .6

6 0 .3

9.1

8 .7

U n iform cents (per h o u r )-----------------------------------

6 5 .5

58 .1

9.1

8 .7

8 c e n ts ---------------------------------------------------------------12 cen ts---------------------------------------------------------- 15 cen ts-------------------------------------------------------------16 ce n ts _________________________________________
18 cen ts--------------------------------------------------------------

52 .1
6 .0
7 .3
-

8 .0
.7
.4
-

-

U n iform p e r c e n ta g e ------------------ --------------------------

2.1

2.1

15 p ercen t______________________________________

2.1

2.1

-

-

W ith no shift pay d iffe r e n tia l----------------------------------

17 .2

17 .2

4 .1

2 .7

T o ta l............................. - ...............................................

-

52 .1
6 .0

-

-

8 .0
.7

-

1
Inclu des esta b lish m e n ts c u r r e n tly op eratin g late sh ifts , and esta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late shifts
even though they w e r e not c u r r e n tly o p e ra tin g late s h ifts.

Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of plant and o f fic e 'w o r k e r s in all in d u s trie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s b y sch e d u le d w e e k ly h ou rs 1
o f f ir s t -s h if t w o r k e r s , M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
Plant w o rk e rs

O ffice w o rk e rs

W eek ly h o u rs
A ll in d u stries 1
2

A ll w o r k e r s ____________

_ ------

----- __

U nder 40 h o u r s --------------------- --------------------------40 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------42 h o u rs ___ ___________________ _________ ___ ___ __ _
O ver 42 and und er 48 h o u r s ______ j.______________
48 h o u r s _____ ____ _ _________ __ _______ ___
O ver 48 and u nd er 60 h o u r s _______ _ _______
60 h o u r s __ __ _ ____ __ ___________________ _

1
2
3
4

M anufacturin g

100

100

4
68
6
2
8
3
8

.
83

P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3

100

95

-

-

17
_

5
_
1

A ll in d u s tr ie s 4

100
1
95
1
1
1
_

M anufacturing

Publi c uti li ti e s 3

100

100

95
5

95
_
5
_
_

_

“

S ch ed u led h o u rs a r e the w e e k ly hou rs w hich a m a jo rity o f the fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s w e re e x p e c te d to w o rk , w h ether th ey w e r e paid fo r at s t r a ig h t-tim e or o v e r tim e r a te s .
In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e ta il tr a d e , re a l esta te, s e r v ic e s , and cru d e p e tro le u m and natural g a s , in add ition to th o se in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a ra te ly .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilitie s.
In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il trad e; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; s e r v ic e s ; and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural g a s , in add ition to th ose in du stry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely .




10
Table B-4. Paid Holidays
(P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by num ber of paid h o lid a y s
p ro v id e d ann ually, M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
Plant w o r k e r s

O ffic e w o r k e r s

Item
A ll in d u s tr ie s 3

M anufacturin g

P u blic u t i li t ie s 2

A ll in d u s t r ie s 1

M anufacturin g

P u blic u t ilit ie s 1
2

A ll w o r k e r s _______ _____ _____________ ____ ___

100

100

100

100

100

100

W ork ers in es ta b lis h m e n ts p ro vid in g
paid h o lid a y s _______ ____________________________
W ork ers in e sta b lish m e n ts provid in g
no paid h o lid a y s ____ ___________________________

78

98

91

99

99

100

22

2

9

1

(4)

1
1
4
2
6
15
10
38
1
"

6
5
4
25
52
6
"

_
7
38
46
-

1
1
1
5
26
7
58
(4)
1

_
9
8
19
60
4
”

~

N um ber o f days

1 h olid a y___________________________________________
1 h olid a y plus 4 half d a y s ________________________
2 h o lid a y s _________________________________________
4 h o lid a y s ___________ ____________________________
5 h o lid a y s _________________________________________
6 h o lid a y s ____ _______ _______ ____________________
7 h o lid a y s _________________________________________
8 h o lid a y s _________________________________________
9 h o lid a y s _________________________________________
9 h olid a ys plus 2 h alf d a y s ______________________

_
7
24
40
28
'

T otal h olid a y tim e 5

10 d a y s ________ ___ _____________________ ________
9 days or m o r e ___________________________________
8 days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------------7 days or m o r e ___________________________________
6 days or m o r e ___________________________________
5 days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------------4 days or m o r e ___________________________________
3 days or m o r e ___________________________________
2 days or m o r e ___________________________________
1 day or m o r e ____________________________________

1
2
3
4
5
no h a lf

_
1
39
49
64
70
72
73
77
78

_
6
58
58
83
87
87
92
92
98

_
46
84
91
91
91
91
91
91

1
1
59
66
92
97
97
97
98
99

_
4
64
64
82
91
91
99
99
99

_
28
68
93
100
100
100
100
100

In clu des data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e ta il tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , s e r v ic e s , and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural g a s , in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
T r a n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s .
Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l estate; s e r v ic e s ; and cru d e pe tro le u m and natural g a s , in add ition to th o s e in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
A ll com b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sa m e am ount a r e .com bined; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r tio n o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g a tota l o f 9 days in clu d e s th o s e with 9 fu ll days and
d a y s , 8 full days and 2 h alf d a y s , 7 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s , and so on.
P r o p o r tio n s then w e re cum ulated.




11
Table B-5. Paid Vacations1
(P e r c e n t distrib u tion o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y v a c a tio n pay
p r o v is io n s , M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
O ffice w ork ers

Plant w o rk ers
V a c a tio n p o lic y
A ll industrie s 2

A ll w o r k e r s ______

_______________

_______

M an ufacturing

P ublic u tilit ie s 3

A ll in d u str ie s 4

M anufacturing

Public u tilities 3

100

100

100

100

100

100

93
93
-

98
98
-

92
92
-

99
99
-

100
100
-

100
100
-

7

2

8

4
13

45

28

5
20

_
39

_
24

39
54

11
86

34
58

11
89

8
92

29
71

11

4
94

1
91

1
(5)
99

3
97

_
100

_
92
6

1
91
-

(?)
(5)
99
(5)

96
4

_
100

_
92
6

1
91
-

(?)
(5 )
99
(5 )

4

-

_
40
58

1
50
41

(?)
(5)
44
55

36
64

_
73
27

1

(5)
29
(5)
16
54

M eth od of paym ent
W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g
paid v a c a tio n s ---------------------------------- --------------------L e n g t h -o f -t i m e p a y m e n t— -------------- -----------P e r c e n ta g e p aym ent_______ __ ____ ____
O t h e r -----------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g
no paid v a c a tio n s - _ ________________________ __

(5)

A m ou nt of v ac atio n p a y 6
A f te r 6 m on th s of s e r v ic e
Under 1 w eek__________________________________________
1 w e e k -_______
___ ____ _
_
___ — — _
A fte r 1 ye a r of s e r v ic e
1 w e e k -_________________________________________________
2 w e e k s ________ _______ _________ _ ___ ___ ___ __
A fte r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 w eek____________ ______ __
_ _ ______________
O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s _________________________
2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------

(5)
82

A fte r 3 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 w e e k -__ - ______________ ____ __________ ___ _______
O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -___ __ ______
2 w ee k s — — — — — — — — — — —— — —
3 w ee k s _ ----- — — ------- --------------------------------

5
(5)
87
1

-

A fte r 4 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 w ee k___ _— ___ - ______ — ______ _____ __ _______
O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s __ ___ ______ —
2 w eek s _ _ _
___
— _
___
—
3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------

5
(5)
87
1

-

100

A fte r 5 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 w eek---------------- — — — — — — — — O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ______________________ :__
2 w e e k s ------------------ — _ ----3 w ee k s
-------- ----------—
_
- - - -

5
(5)
52
35

A fte r 10 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 week_________
— ______ __ _ - ________
2 w e e k s ___ __ ____ __ ______ ____ ___ _— — — — —
O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s —
_
_ _____
_____
___
_____________
3 w ee k s _ _
4 w ee k s ----------------------------------------- _
_ ______

See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.




5
29
( 5)
26
32

.
23
-

-

34
42

50
41

23
-

24
53

7
-

66
27

12
Table B-5. Paid Vacations1--- Continued
(P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s in all in d u strie s and in industry d iv isio n s by va ca tion pay
p r o v is io n s , M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
Plant w o rk e rs

O ffic e w o r k e r s

V a ca tio n p o lic y
A ll in d u s tr ie s 1
2

M anufacturin g

P u blic u t i li t ie s 3

A ll in d u stries 4

M anufacturin g

P u blic u t ilit ie s 3

A m ount o f v a ca tio n pay 6— Continued

A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek-------------- ------------------------ -------------------------2 w e e k s ____________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s ____________________________ - -----------------4 w e e k s __________________ — ----- ---------------------- -

5
28
( 5)
26
33

_
15
41
42

1
45
46

( 5)
29
(5)
17
54

_
18
30
53

7
64
28

5
21
32
35

_
5
51
42

1
38
53

(5)
21
22
57

_
9
38
53

_
7
40
53

5
21
13
24
30

_
5
51
42

1
5
46
41

(5)
21
8
21
50

_
9
38
53

_
7
4
62
27

5
21
13
24
30

_
5
51
42

1
5
46
41

(5)
21
8
21
50

_
9
38
53

1
5
46
17
24

( 5)
21
8
21
44
5

A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek -------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ____________________________________________
3 w e e k s ___ __________ ___ _________________________
4 w e e k s .................................. ...............................................
A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek -_____________ ______________________________ _
2 w e e k s ____________________________________________
3 w e e k s _________________________ _____________ —
4 w e e k s ____________________________________________
5 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 25 y e a r s of s e r v ic e
1 w eek ----------------------------------------- — ------------------—
2 w e e k s ____________________________________________
3 w e e k s _______________^____ i__ I,__. LJ___ v . I,
4 w e e k s ____________________________________________
5 w e e k s ---------------- ------------------- ------------------ -----

_
7
4
'6 2
27

M axim u m v a ca tio n a v a ila b le 7

1 w eek ______________________________________________
2 w e e k s ____________________________________________
3 w e e k s ------------------ ------------------------------- ---------4 w e e k s _____ ________________ — ----- ----------------------------5 w e e k s --------- --------------------------- —
6 w e e k s ---------------------- --------- -------------------------------

5
21
13
24
21
9

5
51
-

19
23

1 Includes b a s ic plans only. E x c lu d es plans such as v a c a tio n -sa v in g s and th ose plans w hich o ffer "e x te n d e d "
of s e r v ic e .
T y p ic a l of such e x clu sio n s are p lans in the s t e e l, alu m in u m , and can in d u str ie s.

_
9
38
-

12
41

7
4
62
13
15

or "s a b b a t ic a l" ben efits beyond b a s ic p lans to w o r k e r s with qualifying lengths

2 Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e t a il tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , s e r v ic e s , and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural gas, in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 T r a n sp o rta tio n , c o p im u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s .
4 In clu des data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; s e r v ic e s ; and cru d e p etro le u m and natural g a s , in a dd ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
5 L e s s than 0 .5 p ercen t.
6 P e r io d s of s e r v ic e w e r e ch osen a r b itr a r ily and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e ssio n . F o r ex a m p le , the changes in p ro p o rtio n s in dicated at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e
include changes in p r o v isio n s oc cu r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s .
E s tim a te s a re cu m u lative. T h u s, the p rop ortion eligib le for 3 w e e k s ' pay or m o r e a fter 10 y e a r s in clu d es th ose e lig ib le for
3 w e e k s ' pay or m o r e a fter few e r y e a r s of s e r v ic e .
7 E s tim a te s of p r o v isio n s fo r 30 y e a r s of se r v ic e a re id en tical.




13

Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans
(P e r c e n t of plant and O ffice w o r k e r s in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s e m p lo y e d in esta b lis h m e n ts p rov id in g
health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n sio n b e n e fit s , 1 M idland and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
Plant w o rk e rs

O ffice w o rk e rs

T yp e of b e n e fit
A ll in d u strie s 1
2

A ll w o r k e r s _______________________

M anufacturin g

P u blic u t ilit ie s 3

All in d u strie s 4

M anufacturing

Pu blic u t ilit ie s 3

__________

100

100

100

100

L ife in s u r a n c e --------------------------- -------------------A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t
in s u r a n c e ------------------ -----------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r
s ick lea v e o r b o t h 5- ________________________

89

93

100

68

93

64

57

81

73

13

36

10

4

17

13

29

44

56

54

32

100

100

97

91

100

73

91

64

68

82

55

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g :

S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e __________
S ick lea v e (fu ll pay and no
w aitin g p e r io d )____________________________
S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r
w aitin g p e r io d )-------------------------------------------

30
16

16

28

9

11

24

H o s p ita liz a tio n insurance,_____________________
S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ________________________ ___
M e d ica l in s u r a n c e _____________________________
C a ta strop h e in s u r a n c e ________________________
R e tir e m e n t p en sion --------------------------------------- _
N o health , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n plan----- __

92
92
92
85
80
5

98
98
93
80
87
2

100
100
100
100
99

99
99
98
98
94
1

100
100
91
91
85

100
100
100
100
95

1 In clu d es th o s e plans fo r w h ich at le a st a part o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , ex ce p t th ose le g a lly r e q u ir e d , such as w o rk m e n 's co m p en sa tion , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r etirem en t.
2 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , re a l esta te, s e r v ic e s , and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural g a s , in add ition to th o se in d u stry d iv isio n s show n sep a r a te ly .
3 T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and other pu b lic u tilitie s.
4 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; s e r v ic e s ; and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural g a s , in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely .
5 U n du plica ted tota l o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s ick le a ve o r s ick n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce show n s e p a r a te ly b e lo w . S ick le a v e plans a re lim ite d to th os e w hich d e fin ite ly esta b lish at lea st
the m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that can be e xp e cte d by each e m p lo y e e .
In fo rm a l s ic k le a v e a llo w a n ce s d e te rm in e d on an individ ual b a s is a r e ex clu d ed .




14

Table B-7.

Premium Pay for Overtime Work

(P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f plant and o f fic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s b y o v e r tim e p re m iu m p a y
p r o v is io n s , M idlan d and O d e s s a , T e x ., June 1968)
P lant w o r k e r s

O ffic e w o rk e r s

P r e m iu m (pay p o lic y
A ll i n d u s t r ie s 1

A ll w o r k e r s . ------

-----------------------------------------

100

M anufacturin g

100

P u blic u t ilit ie s 1
2

A ll in d u s t r ie s 3

100

100

M anufacturin g

100

P u blic u tilitie s 2

100

D a ily o v e r tim e at p r e m iu m ra te s

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having
p r o v is io n s f o r d a ily o v e r tim e p a y 45
at p r e m iu m r a t e s __ __ __ ------- ------------ -------T im e and o n e -h a lf ------------------E ffe c tiv e a ft e r ;
8 h o u r s _____ _________________

33

61

58

42

66

62

---------

33

61

58

42

66

62

___

33

61

58

42

66

62

——

67

39

42

58

34

38

100

__ _

W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts having no
p r o v is io n s f o r d a ily o v e r tim e pay
at p r e m iu m r a t e s * _________________________
W eek ly o v e r tim e at p r e m iu m r a te s

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having
p r o v is io n s fo r w e e k ly o v e r tim e p a y 4
at p r e m iu m r a t e s _______________________________

97

100

95

99

100

T im e and o n e - h a l f ------------------------------------------- E ffe c tiv e a fte r ;
40 h o u r s _________________________________
42 h o u r s . ----------------------------------------------

97

100

95

86

100

100

91
6

100
"

95
-

85
1

100
-

100
-

F lu ctu atin g w o rk w e e k p r in c ip le 6|-------------------

-

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having no
p r o v is io n s f o r w e e k ly o v e r tim e pay
at p r e m iu m r a t e s * ____________________________

-

14

(7 )

1 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e t a il tra d e , r e a l e s ta te , s e r v ic e s , and cru d e p e tr o le u m and natural g a s , in addition to th ose in du stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
2 T r a n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th er p u b lic u tilitie s .
3 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; s e r v ic e s ; and cru d e pe tro le u m and natural g a s , in a d d ition to th ose in d u s try d iv is io n s show n
s ep a ra tely .
4 In clu d es w o r k e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts c o v e r e d b y le g is la tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts r e g a rd in g p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e , even, though such w o r k e r s a ctu a lly do not w o r k o v e r t im e .
G ra du ated p r o v is io n s
fo r p r e m iu m pay a r e c la s s if ie d under the f ir s t e ffe c t iv e p r e m iu m rate. F o r e x a m p le , a plan ca llin g f o r tim e and o n e -h a lf a fter 8 and double tim e a fte r 10 h ou rs w ou ld be c o n s id e r e d as tim e
and o n e -h a lf a fter 8 h o u r s .
S im ila r ly , a plan ca llin g fo r no pay o r pay at a re g u la r rate a fte r 35 h o u rs and tim e and o n e -h a lf a fte r 40 h ou rs w ou ld be c o n s id e r e d as tim e and o n e -h a lf a fte r
40 h o u r s .
5 In clu des w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e xem p t f r o m le g is la tiv e r e q u ir e m e n ts r e g a rd in g p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and w h e re , as a m atter of p o lic y , o v e r t im e is not w ork ed .
6 U nder the p r in c ip le of the fluctuating w o rk w e e k , pay f o r o v e r tim e w o rk is d e te r m in e d b y d ividin g the w e e k ly sa la r y b y the total num ber of h o u r s w o rk e d d uring the w eek (to obtain the
b a se h o u r ly rate f o r the w eek) and then applying the e s ta b lis h e d o v e r tim e pay r a tio f o r o v e r t im e h o u rs w o rk e d .
Thus, the h o u rly rate of pay f o r o v e r t im e d e c r e a s e s as the nu m ber of h ou rs
w ork ed in c r e a s e s .
7 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t.




Appendix. Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field
staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles
and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits
the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on
interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may
differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In
applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors;
apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

OFFICE
BILLER, MACHINE

BILLER, MACHINE— Continued

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than
an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to
billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to
billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are clas­
sified by type of machine, as follows:

columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or
credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping.
Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher,
Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type­
writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma­
chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and
invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders,
shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of pre­
determined discounts and shipping charges, and entry of necessary
extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma­
chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the
bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and
experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the
structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper
records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each
phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets,
and other records by hand.
Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of
a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book­
keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus­
tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described
under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in­
ventory control, etc.
May check or assist in preparation of trial
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills
as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the
simultaneous entry o f figures on customers' ledger record. The ma­
chine automatically accumulates figures on a number o f vertical




Note: Since the last survey in this area, the Bureau has discontinued collecting data for duplicatingmachine operators and elevator operators.

15

16

CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant,
has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set
of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi­
ness transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary
ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable;
examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting
distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper
assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and
closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks.
Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac­
counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts
payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling
bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general
ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not
require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but
is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is
subdivided on a functional basis among several worikers.

CLERK, FILE
Class A . In an established filing system containing a number
of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material
such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May
also file this material. May keep records of various types in con­
junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file
clerks.
Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple
(subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub­
headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids.
As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards
material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain
and service files.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail,
phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following:
Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items
to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order
sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled.
May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer,
acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see
that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping
invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary
data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings
based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll
sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time,
rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe­
matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis­
tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp­
tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance
of other duties.

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already
been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi­
fication system (e. g . , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical).
As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards
material; and may fill out withdrawal charge.
Performs simple
clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.




Class A. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina­
tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu­
ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower
level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application

17

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR—Continued
of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example,
locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts
information from several documents; and searches for and interprets
information on the document to determine information to be punched.
May train inexperienced operators.
Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures
or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched
cards.
Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination
keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards.
Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified
sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require
little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched.
Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information,
etc. , are referred to supervisor.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating
minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing
mail, and other minor clerical work.
SECRETARY
Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Main­
tains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work
activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a mini­
mum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and
secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receives
telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming mail, answers routine
inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b)
establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor’s files; (c) maintains the
supervisor’ s calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays
messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, mem­
oranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor’ s signature to
assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic
and typing work.
May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of com ­
parable nature and difficulty. The woik typically requires knowledge of
office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and pro­
cedures related to the work of the supervisor.




SECRETARY— Continued
Exclusions
Not all positions that are titled "secretary” possess the above
characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the def­
inition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal”
secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in
secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a
group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary posi­
tions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substan­
tially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the def­
inition; and (e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more
responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical
duties which are not typical of secretarial woik.
NOTE: The term "corporate officer,” used in the level definitions
following, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide
policymaking role with regard to major company activities.
The title
"vice president,” though normally indicative of this role, does notin all
cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility
is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or
deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts;
directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate
officers” for purposes of applying the following level definitions.
Class A
a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a
company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or
b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of
the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but
fewer than 25,000 persons; or
c.
Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporate
officer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs,
in all, over 25,000 persons.
Class B
a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a
company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or
b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the
board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer
than 5,000 persons; or

18
SECRETA RY— Continued

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued

c.
Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level)
over either a major corporate-•wide functional activity (e .g . , marketing,
research, operations, industrial relations, e tc .) or a major geographic or
organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division)
of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000
employees; or

May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively rou­
tine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not
include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. )

d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc.
(or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000
persons; or

STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR
Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or
specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific re­
search from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or
similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written
copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc.

OR
e.
Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational
Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde­
segment (e. g . , a middle management supervisor of an organizational seg­
pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced
ment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company
by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and
that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.
accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and
Class C
office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization,
policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in per­
a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon­
forming stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, main­
sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the def­
taining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums,
inition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least
letters, e t c .; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading
several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments
and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does
which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level
not
include transcribing-machine work.
includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or
two; or

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc.
(or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than
5,000 persons.

Class A . Operates a single- or multi pie-position telephone
switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Per­
forms full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as
conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing
routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full­
time assignment. ("Full” telephone information service occurs when the
establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for
telephone information purposes, e.g., because of overlapping or interrelated
functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which exten­
sions are appropriate for calls.)

Class D
a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational
unit ( e . g . , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or
b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional
employee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert.
(NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as
described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory woiker. )
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
Primary-duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vo­
cabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or
similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from writ­
ten copy.




Class B. Operates a singler or multiple-position telephone
switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May
handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited
telephone information service. ("Limited” telephone information service
occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understand­
able for telephone information purposes, or if the requests are routine,
e. g. , giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if
complex calls are referred to another operator.)

19

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties of operator on a single-position
or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or
perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or
clerical work may take the major part of this worker* s time while at
switchboard.

TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR—Continued
some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work
unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive
operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
TABULATING-MA CHINE OPERATOR

Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account­
ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator,
calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete
reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult
wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assign­
ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which
often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and
sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator,
is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations,
or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating
sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working
supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day
supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulatingmachine operators.

Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account­
ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the
sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific
instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from
diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations
involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small
tabulating study, or parts o f a longer and more complex report. Such
reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro­
cedures are well established. May also include the training of new
employees in the basic operation of the machine.

Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting
machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. , with
specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and




Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine
vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written
copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving
a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports
on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in
shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenog­
rapher, general.

TYPIST
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make
out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in­
clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating
processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such
as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis­
tributing incoming mail.

Class A . Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma­
terial in final form when it involves combining material from several
sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu­
ation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma­
terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables
to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine
form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing
from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance policies,
e t c .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more
complex tables already setup and spaced properly.

20

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
DRAFTSMAN— Continue d

DRAFTSMAN
Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having
distinctive design features that differ significantly from established
drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator,
and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of
each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation­
ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory
assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con­
sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare
drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen.
Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments
that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech­
niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares
working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple
functions, and precise positional relationships between components;
prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including
detail drawings o f foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof.
Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations
to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities,
strengths, stresses, etc.
Receives initial instructions, requirements,
and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical
adequacy.
Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for
engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types
of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three
dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning
of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details
from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required.

Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on
source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are
less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked
during progress.
DRAFTSMAN-TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing
cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not
include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and
a large scale not requiring close delineation.)
and/or
Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items.
is closely supervised during progress.

Work

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medi­
cal direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or
suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment.
Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill
or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping
records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation
or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations
of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs
involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en­
vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety
of all personnel.

M A I N T E N A N C E A ND P O WE R P L A N T
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain
in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs,
counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made
of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Plan­
ning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal
instructions using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools,

and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations
relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the
work. In general, the work o f the maintenance carpenter requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap­
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience.




21

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES— Continued

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in­
stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis­
tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work
involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of
electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con­
trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other
transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or
other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical
system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load
requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of
electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general,
the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.

a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma­
chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools;
and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind
of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In
some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma­
terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted
to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are
also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of
stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the
establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or
air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment
such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines,
ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed
water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation
of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise
these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing
more than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER
Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water
and safety valves.
May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom
equipment.
HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES
Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping




MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes,
or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages,
jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring
complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre­
cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper­
ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to
achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize
when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants
and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes,
machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex­
cluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of
metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work
involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and speci­
fications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’ s
handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating
standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to close tolerances; making
standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds,
and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the
common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re­
quired for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical
equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded
training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap­
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

2 2

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

OILER

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es­
tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and
performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting
valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle
and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes
and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto­
motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur­
faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment.
Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling
machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools
in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items
obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a
machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major
repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro­
duction of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and
making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of
a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex­
perience.
Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary
duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.
MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout
are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying
out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a
variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re­
lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of "equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and
parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power
transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers.
In general,
the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience
in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train­
ing and experience.




PAINTER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es­
tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculi­
arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing
surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler
in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or bmsh.
May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain
proper color or consistency.
In general, the work of the maintenance
painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through
a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and
pipefittings in an establishment.
Work involves most of the following:
Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings
or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct
lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting
machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven
or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening
pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures,
flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the
maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex­
perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building
sanitation or heating systems are excluded.

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents
and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures;
and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general,
the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex­
perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.

23

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

TOOL AND DIE MAKER—Continued

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal
equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves,
lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establish­
ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all
types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other
specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal­
working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form­
ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles
as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
TOOL AND DIE MAKER
(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker;

volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from
models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications;
using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring
instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals
and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equip­
ment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of woik,
speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during
fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qual­
ities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to pre­
scribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials,
tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires
a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

gage maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures
or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in-

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in
tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

C U S T O D I A L A ND M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T

GUARD AND WATCHMAN

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued

Guard. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or
on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes
gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees
and other persons entering.

trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing
metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance
services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who
specialize in window washing are excluded.

Watchman. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting
property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman
or stock helper, warehouseman or warehouse helper)

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commerical
or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following:
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips,




A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store,
or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following:
Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from
freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving,
or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and trans­
porting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow.
Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

24

ORDER, FILLER

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows;

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers'
orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in­
dicating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requi­
sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform
other related duties.

PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them
in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent
upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of con­
tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of
items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following:
Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection
of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container;
using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing
and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on
container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible
for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work
involves; A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available
means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods
shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges,
and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing
the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves; Verifying or
directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of
lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting
damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments;
and maintaining necessary records and files.




Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKD RIVER
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma­
terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of es­
tablishments such as; Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,
wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and
customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck
with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck
in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are
excluded.
For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and
type of equipment, as follows; (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the
basis of trailer capacity. )
Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately)
Truckdriver, light (under 1 V 2 tons)
Truckdriver, medium ( 1 V 2 to and including 4 tons)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)
TRUCKER, POWER
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a
warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck,
as follows;
Trucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)

Area Wage Surveys
A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is
available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D .C., 20402,
or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover.
Area

Bulletin number
and price

Akron, Ohio, July 1967 1_______________________________
AlbanyHSchenectady^-Troy, N .Y ., Apr. 19681 ________
Albuquerque, N. M ex ., Apr. 19681 ___________________
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.—N .J.,
Feb. 1967----------------------------------------------------------------------Atlanta, G a ., May 19681 _______________________________
Baltimore, Md., Oct. 1967_____________________________
Beaumont—Port Arthur—Orange, Tex., May 1967____
Birmingham, A la ., Apr. 1968_________________________
Boise City, Idaho, July 1967___________________________
Boston, M a ss., Sept. 19671-------------------------------------------

1530-86,
1575-68,
1575-58,

25 cents
30 cents
30 cents

1530-53,
157 5-71,
1575-18,
1530-74,
1575-59,
1575-3,
1575-13,

25 cents
35 cents
25 cents
20 cents
30 cents
20 cents
30 cents

Buffalo, N .Y ., Dec. 1967_______________________________
Burlington, V t ., Mar. 1968_____________________________
Canton, Ohio, Apr. June 19681 ________________ _______
Charleston, W. V a ., Apr. 1968 1 ----------------------------------Charlotte, N .C ., Apr. 1968 1 — ________________________
Chattanooga, Tenn.-G a., Aug. 1967-----------------------------Chicago, 111., Apr. 1967 1 ______________________________
Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.—Ind., Mar. 1_96_8_^________________
Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1967____________________________
Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1967_____________________________
Dallas, Tex., Nov. 1967_____________________________ ___

1575-41,
1575-48,
157 5-65,
1575-63,
1575-57,
1575-7,
1530-73,
1575-62,
1575-14,
1575-23,
1575-20,

Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.,
Oct. 1967_______________________________________________ 1575-12,
Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 1968 1 _______________ _______________ 1575-51,
Denver, C o lo ., Dec. 1967 1_______________________ _____ 1575-38,
Des Moines, Iowa, Feb. 1968 1 ________________________ 1575-52,
Detroit, M ich., Jan. 1968 1 _____________________________ 157 5-45,
Fort Worth, Tex., Nov. 1967___________________________ 1575-22,
Green Bay, W is ., July 1967____________________________ 1575-5,
Greenville, S .C ., May 1968 1 __________________________ 1575-66,
Houston, Tex., June 1967___________________________- — 1530-85,
Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 1967 1_________________________ 1575-36,
Jackson, M iss., Feb. 1968 1 ______________________ _____
Jacksonville, F la ., Jan. 1968__________________________
Kansas City, M o.-K an s., Nov. 19671__________________
Lawrence—Haverhill, M a ss.-N .H ., June 1967 ________
Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk., July 1967______
Los Angeles—Long Beach and Anaheim—Santa A naGarden Grove, C a lif., Mar. 1968____________________
Louisville, K y .-In d ., Feb. 1968_______________________
Lubbock, T e x ., June 1967_____________________________
Manchester, N .H ., July 1967___________________________
Memphis, Tenn.—A r k ., Jan. 1 9 6 8 1-------------------------------M iam i, F la ., Dec. 1 967 1__________________________ ____
Midland and Odessa, T ex ., June 1968 1 -----------------------

Bulletin number
and price

Milwaukee, W is ., Apr. 1967 1___________________________
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., Jan. P?68--______________
Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., May~1968 1 _____
Newark and Jersey City, N.J., Feb. J.9681 ____________
New Haven, Conn., Jan. 19681_______ . . . . . . ______________
New Orleans, La., Feb. 1968__________ ________________
New York, N .Y ., Apr. 1967 1—__ _________ _______________
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—
Hampton, Va., June 1967 1-------------------------------------------Oklahoma City, Okla., July 1967_______________________

1 530-76,
1575-47,
1575-60,
157 5-54,
1 575-34,
1575-46,
1530-83,

30cents
30cents
30cents
35cents
25cents
30cents
40cents

1530-82,
1575-4,

25cents
20cents

30 cents
20 cents
30 cents
30 cents
30 cents
25 cents
30 cents
30 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents

Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa, Oct. 1967 1________________________
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J., May 1967____________
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J ., Nov. 1967 1____________________
Phoenix, A r iz ., Mar. 1968 1 ____________________________
Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 1968______________________________
Portland, Maine, Nov. 1967 1___________________________
Portland, O reg.-W ash ., May 1967_____________________
Providence—Pawtucket—Warwick, R.I.—M a ss.,
May 1968--------------------- — --------------------------------------- ---- --Raleigh, N .C ., Aug. 1967 1---------------------------------------------Richmond, V a ., Nov. 1967 1--------------------------------------------Rockford, 111., May 1968 1 ------------------------------- ---------------

1 575-21,
1530-67,
1575-40,
1575-55,
157 5-44,
1575-16,
1530-79,

25cents
25cents
30cents
30cents
30 cents
25cents
25cents

157 5-61,
1575-6,
1 575-27,
1575-70,

30 cents
25cents
25cents
30cents

25 cents
30 cents
25 cents
30 cents
35 cents
25 cents
20 cents
30 cents
25 cents
30 cents

St. Louis, Mo.—111., Jan. 1968__________________________
Salt Lake City, Utah, Dec. 1967------------------------------------San Antonio, T ex ., June 1967 1 _________________________
San Bernardino—Riverside-Ontario, C alif.,
Aug. 1967 1-----------------------------------------------------------------------San Diego, C alif., Nov. 1967------------------------------------------San Francisco—Oakland, C alif., Jan. 1968_____________
San Jose, C alif., Sept. 1 967 1___________________________
Savannah, G a., May 1967_______________________________
Scranton, P a ., July 1967 1----------------------------------------------Seattle—Everett, W ash., Nov. 1967 1____________________

1575-3 9,
1575-35,
1530-84,

30cents
20cents
25cents

1575-10,
1 575-19,
1575-37,
1 575-1 5,
1530-69,
1 575-9,
1 57 5-29,

30cents
20cents
25cents
25cents
20cents
25cents
25cents

Sioux F a lls, S. Dak., Oct. 1 967 1________________________
South Bend, Ind., Mar. 1968 1 __________________________
Spokane, W ash., June 1967 1 ____________________________
Tampa—St. Petersburg, F la ., Aug. 1967______________
Toledo, Ohio—M ich., Feb. 1968_________________________
Trenton, N .J ., Nov. 1967-----------------------------------------------Washington, D .C .—Md.—V a ., Sept. 1 967------------------------Waterbury, Conn., Apr. 1968 1--------------------------------------Waterloo, Iowa, Nov. 1967_______________________________
Wichita, Kans., Dec. 1967----------------------------------------------Wore ester, M a ss., June 1967__________________________
York, P a ., Feb. 1968 1 ---------------------------------------------------Youngstown—Warren, Ohio, Nov. 1967 1________________

1575-17,
1575-56,
1530-80,
1 575-8,
1575-43,
1 575-24,
1575-11,
1575-53,
1 575-26,
1 575-31,
1530-81,
1575-42,
157 5-25,

25cents
30cents
25cents
25cents
30cents
20cents
25cents
30cents
20cents
20cents
25cents
30 cents
25cents

1575-49,
1575-33,
1575-30,
1530-77,
1575-2,

30 cents
20 cents
25 cents
20 cents
25 cents

1575-64,
1575-50,
1530-7 5,
1575-1,
1575-32,
157 5-28,
157 5-72,

30 cents
30 cents
20 cents
20 cents
25 cents
25 cents
30 cents

1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.




Area