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National Survey of
Professional, Administrative,
Technical,and Clerical Pay
Winter 1959-60
Bulletin No. 1286
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Jam es P. M itchell, S e c r e ta r y
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan C lag u e, Com m issioner
National Survey of
Professional, Administrative,
Technical, and Clerical Pay
Winter 1959-60
Accountants and Auditors
Attorneys
Engineers and Scientists
Personnel M an ag em en t
Clerical Supervisory
Draftsmen
Office Clerical
B u lletin N o .
1286
October 1960
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
BUREAU O F LABO R STATISTICS
Ewart C la g u e, Commissioner
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Government Printing O ffice, W ashington 2 5 , D .C . - Price 3 5 cents
Preface
T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o v i d e s in t h is r e p o r t th e r e s u l t s o f th e
f i r s t in a s e r i e s o f a n n u a l n a t io n w id e s u r v e y s o f c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r s e l e c t e d p r o
f e s s i o n a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , t e c h n i c a l , a n d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s in p r i v a t e in d u s t r y .
T h e d a ta , w h ic h r e l a t e t o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in a b r o a d s p e c t r u m o f
A m e r i c a n in d u s t r y in u r b a n a r e a s , w e r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u
fie ld e c o n o m is t s .
F o r th e m o s t p a r t , th e d a ta r e f l e c t s a l a r i e s in e f f e c t d u r in g
t h e p e r i o d J a n u a r y —'J u n e I 9 6 0 .
T h e s t u d y p r o v i d e s a fu n d o f b r o a d l y b a s e d i n f o r m a t i o n o n s a l a r y l e v e l s
a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n p r i v a t e e m p l o y m e n t . S u b s t a n t i a l g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t in t h e s u r v e y
r e s u lt s w a s a n tic ip a te d .
In a d d i t i o n , t h e s t u d y p r o v i d e s m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n t h a n
h a s h i t h e r t o b e e n a v a i l a b l e o n p a y i n p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y f o r u s e in a p p r a i s i n g t h e
c o m p e n s a t i o n o f s a l a r i e d e m p l o y e e s in t h e F e d e r a l c i v i l s e r v i c e .
It s h o u ld b e
e m p h a s i z e d t h a t t h e s t u d y i s in n o s e n s e c a l c u l a t e d t o s u p p l y m e c h a n i c a l a n s w e r s
to q u e s t io n s o f G o v e r n m e n t p a y p o l i c y .
In d e e d , n o c o n c e iv a b le s u r v e y c o u ld d o
s o , s i n c e t h e s u r v e y d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e n o t i d e n t i c a l w it h p o s i t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n s i n
th e F e d e r a l s e r v i c e an d c o n c lu s io n s c a n b e r e a c h e d o n ly a ft e r c o n s id e r a b le stu d y
and a n a ly s is b y G o v e r n m e n t te c h n ic ia n s .
T h e d e s ig n f o r th e s u r v e y w a s d e v e lo p e d
i n a s t u d y s p o n s o r e d b y t h e B u r e a u o f t h e B u d g e t in c o l l a b o r a t i o n w it h t h e C i v i l
S e r v i c e C o m m i s s i o n , th e S p e c i a l A s s i s t a n t to th e P r e s i d e n t f o r P e r s o n n e l M a n a g e
m e n t, an d th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s .
T h e l i s t o f o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d r e p r e s e n t s a w id e r a n g e o f p a y l e v e l s .
I n d i v i d u a l l y , t h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d w e r e j u d g e d t o b e (a ) s u r v e y a b l e i n i n d u s t r y
w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f a b r o a d s u r v e y d e s i g n , a n d (b ) r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f o c c u
p a t i o n a l g r o u p s w h i c h a r e n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t in i n d u s t r y a s w e l l a s in t h e
F e d e r a l s e r v ic e .
O c c u p a t i o n a l d e f i n i t i o n s p r e p a r e d f o r u s e in t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e s a l a r y
d a t a r e f l e c t d u t i e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s in i n d u s t r y ; h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e d e s i g n e d
to b e t r a n s la t a b le to s p e c i f i c p a y g r a d e s in th e G e n e r a l S c h e d u le a p p ly in g to
F e d e r a l C la s s ific a t io n A c t e m p lo y e e s .
F o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l and d r a ftin g o c c u
p a t i o n s , s e l e c t e d f r o m a m o n g t h o s e i n c l u d e d in t h e B u r e a u 1s p r o g r a m o f l o c a l i t y
o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s jo b d e fin it io n s w e r e u s e d .
D e fin it io n s f o r a ll o t h e r o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d w e r e p r e p a r e d b y C i v il S e r v i c e C o m
m is s io n s ta ff.
(S e e a p p e n d ix B . )
A s o u t lin e d in g r e a t e r d e t a il e l s e w h e r e in th e r e p o r t , th e s u r v e y in c l u d e d
th e c o l l e c t i o n o f s a la r y d a ta f o r a ll o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d ; c a s h b o n u s p a y m e n t s
f o r a ll o f th e s e , e x c e p t c l e r i c a l an d d r a ftin g o c c u p a t io n s ; and s u p p le m e n ta r y d a ta
m a i n l y r e la t in g to th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f s a l a r y r a t e s y s t e m s .
In fo r m a tio n on
s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s s u c h a s p a id v a c a t io n s a n d p a id h o lid a y s , an d h e a lt h , i n
s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p l a n s i s n o t i n c l u d e d in t h i s r e p o r t .
T h is ty p e o f i n f o r
m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s h a s b e e n i n c o r p o r a t e d in t h e B L S b u l l e t i n s
i s s u e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r e a c h o f t h e 60 m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in w h i c h o c c u p a t i o n a l
w a g e s u r v e y s w e r e c o n d u c t e d d u r in g th e y e a r e n d in g J u n e 3 0 , I 9 6 0 .
111
T h e s u r v e y c o u ld n o t h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e d w it h o u t th e w h o l e h e a r t e d c o o p
e r a t i o n o f th e m a n y f i r m s w h o s e s a l a r y s c a l e s p r o v i d e th e b a s i s f o r th e s t a t i s t i c a l
d a ta p r e s e n t e d in t h is r e p o r t .
T h e B u r e a u , o n its o w n b e h a lf an d on b e h a lf o f
th e o t h e r F e d e r a l a g e n c i e s th a t c o l l a b o r a t e d in p la n n in g th e s u r v e y , w i s h e s to
e x p r e s s s i n c e r e th a n k s f o r th e s p le n d id c o o p e r a t i o n it h a s r e c e i v e d in t h is d i f f i
c u lt u n d e r ta k in g .
T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u * s D i v i s i o n o f W a g e s a n d I n d u s
t r i a l R e la t io n s u n d e r th e g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s io n o f T o iv o P . K a n n in e n .
Sam uel E.
C o h e n d e v is e d th e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s an d s u p e r v is e d th e s e l e c t io n o f th e s a m p le ,
a s s i s t e d b y T h e o d o r e J . G o lo n k a , w h o w a s r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e p r e p a r a t io n o f
th e e s t im a t e s .
T h e a n a ly s is w a s p r e p a r e d b y L o u is E . B a d e n h o o p a s s is t e d b y
H arry F . Zem an.
F ie l d w o r k f o r th e s u r v e y w a s d ir e c t e d b y th e B u r e a u * s R e
g io n a l W a g e and I n d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s ts an d c o n d u c te d b y th e ir s t a ffs o f
la b o r e c o n o m is t s .
IV
Contents
Page
I n tr o d u c tio n
--------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e s a l a r i e s _________________________________________________________________________________
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S a l a r y d i s t r i b u t i o n s -------------------------P a y d i f f e r e n c e s b y r e g i o n a n d i n d u s t r y ------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------------------W e e k l y p a y i n c l u d i n g c a s h b o n u s e s ---------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f r a t e s y s t e m s ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------E n t r a n c e r a t e p o l i c i e s f o r e n g i n e e r s , c h e m i s t s , a n d m a t h e m a t i c i a n s ___________
S u p p l e m e n t a r y c a s h b o n u s p l a n s ____________________________________________________________ -
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T a b le s :
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E m p lo y m e n t, a v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s , a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s
f o r s e l e c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o c c u p a t i o n s ---------------------------E m p lo y m e n t, a v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s , a n d a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s
f o r s e l e c t e d t e c h n i c a l a n d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s ------------------ ------------ --------------A v e r a g e a n n u a l a n d m o n t h ly s a l a r i e s f o r e m p l o y e e s in s e l e c t e d
t e c h n i c a l a n d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e s a l a r i e s a n d s a l a r i e s p l u s c a s h b o n u s e s f o r e m p l o y e e s in
s e l e c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o c c u p a t i o n s ---------------------------------P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s in s e l e c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l ,
a d m in is t r a tiv e , te c h n ic a l, an d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s
b y a v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts b y ty p e o f s a la r y r a te
s y s t e m f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s ----------------------------------------------------------P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g e n g i n e e r s in 2 o r
m o r e f i e l d s o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n o r f u n c t i o n b y t y p e o f p a y d i s t i n c t i o n s __
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d c o lle g e
g r a d u a t e s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s
b y ty p e o f e n tr a n ce
s a l a r y p o l i c y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—
P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l h ir i n g s a l a r i e s
f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s
b y m o n t h l y e n t r a n c e s a l a r y _________________________________________________________
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y ty p e o f s u p p le m e n ta r y
c a s h b o n u s p la n
f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s --------------------------------------
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C h a rts:
1.
2.
S a l a r i e s in p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s
S a l a r i e s in a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s
___________________________
___________________________
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A p p e n d ix e s :
A.
B.
S c o p e a n d m e t h o d o f s u r v e y ________________________________________________________
O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ____________________________________________________________
v
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Professional, Administrative, Technical, and
Clerical Pay, Winter 1959-60
In tr o d u c tio n
T h e a c c o m p a n y in g t a b le s a n d c h a r t s p r e s e n t n a tio n w id e e s t im a t e s o f p a y
l e v e l s f o r 77 o c c u p a t i o n w o r k l e v e l j o b c a t e g o r i e s s u r v e y e d in t h e f o l l o w i n g i n
d u s t r ie s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , e l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n it a r y
s e r v i c e s ; w h o le s a le an d r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te ; e n g i
n e e r in g an d a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ; an d r e s e a r c h , d e v e lo p m e n t, an d te s tin g la b o
r a to r ie s . 1
T h e d a ta r e la t e to e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g 100 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ,
l o c a t e d in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s .
In o r d e r t o m e e t t h e p r i m a r y n e e d { o r w h i c h t h e s u r v e y w a s d e s i g n e d ,
it w a s n e c e s s a r y to e s t a b lis h d e fin it io n s f o r a p p r o p r ia te w o r k le v e ls (o r c la s s e s )
in t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , t e c h n i c a l , a n d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d
f o r stu d y.
W it h in e a c h o c c u p a t io n , d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n b e t w e e n w o r k l e v e l s , d e s ig n a t e d
b y R o m a n n u m e r a ls w ith c l a s s I a s s i g n e d to th e lo w e s t le v e l, i s in t e r m s o f
d u tie s a n d r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s .
S p e c ific jo b fa c t o r s a ffe c tin g c la s s ific a t io n , h o w e v e r ,
v a r ie d f r o m o c c u p a t io n to o c c u p a tio n .
T h e n u m b e r o f w o r k le v e ls f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n r a n g e s fr o m on e f o r o ffic e
b o y s a n d g i r l s to s e v e n fo r m a th e m a tic ia n s .
T h u s , fo u r l e v e l s w e r e ju d g e d t o b e
n e c e s s a r y in p e r s o n n e l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
o c c u p a tio n s an d s ix w e r e a d o p te d f o r
c h e m is t s and e n g in e e r s .
E m p l o y m e n t i n t h e o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d a m o u n t e d t o a b o u t 1. 1 m i l l i o n ,
o r 8 p e r c e n t o f th e 14. 3 m i l l i o n e m p l o y e e s w it h in th e g e o g r a p h i c a n d i n d u s t r ia l
s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y .
F o u r o c c u p a t io n s a c c o u n t e d f o r s lig h t ly m o r e th a n h a lf o f
t h is t o t a l— e n g in e e r s (2 4 7 , 0 0 0 ), t y p is t s (1 3 4 ,0 0 0 ), a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s (1 2 4 , 0 0 0 ), a n d
s t e n o g r a p h e r s (1 2 0 , 0 0 0 ).
E m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s o f l e s s t h a n 2, 5 0 0 w e r e r e
c o r d e d f o r jo b a n a ly s ts , m a n a g e r s o f o ffic e s e r v ic e s , an d r e s e a r c h an d d e v e lo p
m en t d ir e c to r s .
A lt h o u g h w o m e n a c c o u n t e d f o r 50 p e r c e n t o f th e t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t in th e
j o b s s t u d ie d , t h e y w e r e l a r g e l y e m p lo y e d in c l e r i c a l p o s i t i o n s .
W om en c o n s ti
t u t e d 9 0 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f t h e w o r k f o r c e in b o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n ,
f ili n g , k e y p u n c h in g (in c lu d in g s u p e r v i s io n ) , s t e n o g r a p h y a n d ty p in g , a n d s w it c h
b o a r d o p e r a tio n .
O ffic e b o y s , h o w e v e r , o u tn u m b e r e d o ffic e g ir l s b y a 3 to 2 r a t io .
A m o n g t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , w o m e n a c c o u n t e d f o r 4 7 , 3 3 , a n d 16 p e r
c e n t o f e m p l o y m e n t a t l e v e l s I, II, a n d III, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
A fo u r t h o f th e p a y
r o l l s u p e r v i s o r s a n d o f th e e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r s I a n d s o m e w h a t s m a l l e r p r o p o r
t i o n s o f j o b a n a l y s t s a n d m a t h e m a t i c i a n s ( t h e l a t t e r b e l o w l e v e l III) w e r e w o m e n .
A vera ge
S a la r ie s
A v e r a g e (m e a n ) w e e k ly s a l a r i e s a m o n g th e 77 jo b c a t e g o r i e s r a n g e d
f r o m $ 5 5 . 50 f o r f i l e c l e r k s I to $ 4 4 2 f o r a t t o r n e y s V I— a l e v e l d e fin e d to in
c lu d e to p le g a l a d v is o r s ,
s u c h a s c h i e f c o u n s e l h e a d in g a s t a ff o f a t t o r n e y s
( t a b l e 1 ). 2
A v e r a g e s e x c e e d e d $ 2 0 0 a w e e k f o r 16 j o b c a t e g o r i e s , w i t h e n g i
n e e r s in l e v e l s V a n d V I a c c o u n t i n g f o r m o r e t h a n t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e a g g r e g a t e
F o r a d e t a ile d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s c o p e a n d m e t h o d o f s u r v e y , s e e
A.
2
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s in th e s u r v e y w a s b a s e d o n th e f a c t o r s
t a i l e d in t h e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s in a p p e n d i x B .
1
ap
p e n d ix
de
2
e m p lo y m e n t in j o b s a t t h e s e p a y l e v e l s .
T h e o c c u p a t i o n a l p o s i t i o n i n g in t h e i n t e r
m e d ia te s a la r y s tr u c tu r e (a b o v e e n tr y le v e l b u t b e lo w $ 2 0 0 a w e e k ) is illu s tr a t e d
b e lo w b y th e w e e k ly a v e r a g e s f o r th e n u m e r ic a l ly m o s t im p o r t a n t w o r k l e v e l s
f o r th e jo b s sh o w n .
T y p i s t s I ----------------------------------------------------------- $ 6 0 . 5 0
S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l __________________
75 . 00
D r a f t s m e n , s e n i o r --------------------------------------120. 00
A c c o u n t a n t s I I --------------------------------------------------1 3 2 .0 0
S u p e r v is o r s , ta b u la tin g m a c h i n e u n i t I I --------------------------------------------1 4 0 .0 0
E n g i n e e r s I I I -------------------------------------------------161. 00
D i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l II -----------------------182. 00
A t t o r n e y s I I I -----------------------------------------------------1 9 2 .0 0
A m o n g fiv e le v e ls o f a c c o u n ta n ts s u r v e y e d , w e e k ly s a la r ie s r a n g e d f r o m
$ 1 1 2 fo r a cco u n ta n ts I to $231 fo r a cco u n ta n ts V.
A u d ito r s I a v e r a g e d $ 9 6 a
w e e k a n d a u d it o r s IV , th e h ig h e s t l e v e l s u r v e y e d , a v e r a g e d $ 1 7 9 .
A u d it o r I w a s
d e f i n e d t o i n c l u d e i n e x p e r i e n c e d t r a i n e e s in p o s i t i o n s t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r i n g a b a c h e
l o r ^ d e g r e e in a c c o u n t in g o r th e e q u iv a le n t in e d u c a t io n a n d e x p e r i e n c e c o m b i n e d ,
w h e r e a s , a c c o u n t a n t I r e p r e s e n t e d a l e v e l o f a c c o u n t in g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a b o v e th a t
o f a n i n e x p e r i e n c e d t r a i n e e , a n d th e to p l e v e l s u r v e y e d (a c c o u n t a n t V ) r e p r e s e n t e d
a l e v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ili t y w e ll a b o v e th a t d e fin e d f o r a u d it o r IV .
F u lly t h r e e f o u r t h s o f th e a c c o u n t a n t s w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g a n d p u b li c u t i l i t i e s .
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A t t o r n e y s I, n e w l y h i r e d a t t o r n e y s ( w i t h L L B d e g r e e s a n d m e m b e r s h i p
in b a r ) in t r a i n e e p o s i t i o n s , a v e r a g e d
$115 a w eek.
T h is c a t e g o r y , h o w e v e r ,
a c c o u n t e d f o r o n l y 4 2 7 o f t h e 7 , 2 1 4 a t t o r n e y s e m p l o y e d in t h e 6 d e f i n e d w o r k
le v e ls .
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$25,
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th a n f o r a ll o th e r s e r i e s e x c e p t p e r s o n n e l d i r e c t o r s .
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t h r e e l e v e l s w e r e e m p l o y e d m a i n l y in f in a n c e ; m a n u fa c t u r in g a n d p u b li c u t i l i t i e s
to g e th e r a c c o u n te d fo r a b o u t a fo u r th o f th e s e e m p lo y e e s .
A t t o r n e y s IV , V , an d
V I, h o w e v e r , w e r e m o r e e q u a lly d iv id e d a m o n g t h e s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s .
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t i v e l y f e w a t t o r n e y s w e r e e m p l o y e d in t h e t r a d e a n d s e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s .
S ix l e v e ls o f c h e m is t s a n d e n g in e e r s , an d s e v e n l e v e ls o f m a t h e m a t ic ia n s
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r e q u i r i n g a b a c h e l o r o f s c i e n c e d e g r e e o r th e e q u iv a le n t in e d u c a t io n a n d e x
p e r ie n c e c o m b in e d .
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r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 2 2 f o r e n g i n e e r s I to $ 2 7 2 f o r e n g i n e e r s V I.
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e m p l o y e d in t w o o r m o r e s p e c i a l i z a t i o n s o r f u n c t i o n s .
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z a t io n a l u n it s w it h in c o m p a n i e s ) a v e r a g e d $ 3 4 9 a w e e k .
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a t th e h ig h e r l e v e l s ; w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r m a t h e m a t ic ia n s V II a v e r a g e d
$289.
F o r e a c h o f th e s i x l e v e l s o f c h e m i s t s , th e a v e r a g e w a s b e l o w th a t o f e n g in e e r s
in t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e v e l ; i t r a n g e d f r o m
$ 1 0 6 fo r c h e m is t s I to $ 2 6 3 fo r
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N e a r ly a l l o f th e c h e m i s t s a n d a g r e a t m a j o r i t y o f th e e n g i n e e r s
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4. 33
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m a t h e m a t ic ia n s
o f
III
a n d
II
c h e m is t s ,
a n d
D ir e c t o r
19
b o y s
I
t y p is ts
a t t o r n e y s ,
$ 7 ,
o ffic e
ty p is ts
p h e r s ,
$ 5 ,
c a t e g o r y
c le r k s
w ith in
p r e v a le n c e
o f
in d iv id u a l
p a r t ic u la r
e s t a b lis h m e n t s ,
t im e
u n its
n o
a tte m p t
r e p o r t e d .
w a s
5
I n t e r jo b
th e
d is t r ib u t io n
jo r it y
fo r
o f
o ffic e
th e
p lo y m e n t
o f
th e
a n d
w a s
o f
o f
s ix
e n g in e e r s
w e r e
e n g in e e r in g
D is t r ib u t io n s
77
c a t e g o r ie s
P e r c e n t a g e
tio n
w o r k
le a s t
m o r e
a n d
le v e ls
lo w e s t
la p p in g
d iffe r
4. 9
o c c u r s
b e
r e c e iv in g
a v e r a g e d
th e
(m e a n s )
w a s
15
c it e d
l e s s
a d d itio n a l
t o r n e y s
( fr o m
I,
m a n a g e r s
V I
a n d
IV ;
V II.
le v e ls ,
V ,
jo b
It
u s u a lly
M e d ia n
T h e s e
p a y
r e la tio n s h ip s
a s s o c ia t e d
h a v e
w ith
p e r c e n t
v a r io u s
o f
w o r k
4
N e w
a n d
5
d r a ftin g
w id e
la b o r
to
C ity )
a n d
jo b s
m a r k e t s .
th a t
a s
th e
fo r
le v e ls
IV ),
e m
fo r
la c k
a r e
m o s t
o f
c o n
s h o w n
m a jo r it y
fo r
o f
th e
a n
th e
o f
L a b o r
m id d le
a ls o
la b o r
o th e r
p a r t ic u la r
T h e
50
th e
IV ;
in
w e ig h te d
A t
e m p lo y m e n t
m a t h e m a t ic ia n s
th e
h ig h e r
fo r
lis t
s h o w n
p o in t
o f
u p
w o r k
in
ta b le s
1
o c c u p a t io n a l
s a la r y
p e r c e n t
o f
o f
s a la r y
th e
a ls o
la b o r
r e g io n s .
a r e
m e a n
d is p e r s io n
s e r ie s .
m a r k e t s
g e n e r a l
jo b s
a r e
to
e lim in a t e d
M a r k e t s ,
s e p a r a t e ly
th e
p e r c e n t
c a t e g o r ie s :
a n d
d e g r e e
n o r t h e a s t e r n
in
2)
c o m p a r is o n s
a n d
a n d
p a r t
r a n g e s
a n d
o c c u p a t io n a l
o c c u p a t io n a l
b u lle tin .
1
3
p e r c e n t
a v e r a g e s
f r o m
th a n
p e r s o n n e l
II;
50
r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s .
g r e a t e r
th e
m a jo r
d iffe r e d
m o s t
w ith
s t e n o g
m o r e .
w h ic h
fo llo w in g
o f
o f
s a la r ie s
g e n e r a l
m e d ia n s
o r
o v e r
$ 1 2 2
w e ig h t e d
le s s
at
2
h ig h e s t
R a te
a v e r a g e
o r
th e
b u t
th e
a n d
(c h a r ts
e a c h
a b o v e
s e r v ic e s
f o r
d u tie s
in
la r g e
r e p o r t s
t h e s e
o ffic e
a r e
t y p ic a lly
in
in
th e
a v e r a g e d
a n d
th a n
w e r e
o v e r la p p in g
a lth o u g h
th e
(in t e r q u a r t ile )
s tu d ie d
20
fo r
o f
o f
b a s is ,
in
a r e a s
b e t w e e n
fo u n d
w h ic h
$ 1 0 0
2
o f
th e
5
o c c u p a tio n .
m e d ia n
a s
d i r e c t o r s
t h e s e
le v e l.
d e g r e e
o f
o c c u p a
w h e r e
b e t w e e n
w o r k
p a id
lo w e r
77
in
w e e k ;
b e lo w
e a c h
th e
s p r e a d s
f o r
w e r e
f o r
o f
e m p lo y e e s
e n g in e e r s
a
th e
a ll
o c c u p a t io n s
s a m e
I
m u c h
p e r m it t e d
s a m e
th is
V I;
r a n g e
c o n d u c t e d
is s u e s
a s
w e r e
le v e ls
s a la r y
th e
c a s e s
w h ic h
c h a r t e d
s a la r y
in
g r e a t
p a id
20
s u b s ta n tia l
in
a m o u n t
r a n g e
th e
r e la t iv e
$ 1 0 0
m o s t
m id d le
B e n e fit s ,
in
in
m a n a g e r s
w o r k
th e
th e
s a la r ie s
h ig h e r
le v e l
d iff e r e n c e s
b e e n
d is t r ib u t io n s
s h o w n
(th e
a n d
s h o r t e r
th a n
B u r e a u
d is t r ib u t io n s
b e
R e la t e d
T h e
a v e r a g e s
on
s u r v e y s
te n d
Y o r k
W a g e s
th e
m e d ia n
le v e ls
W a g e
s c h e d u le s
in
th e
a
n e a r ly
o c c u p a t io n s
th an
b y
a n d
w e ll
b y
s h o r t e r
w o r k
h o u r s
a v e r a g e s
w e e k ly
in c r e a s e
4. 7 p e r c e n t
jo b s
w id e
h ig h e r
E x p r e s s in g
a
le s s
43
I;
b y
In
a s
v e r y
p e r c e n t
n o te d
a ls o
a s
th e
o f
c h e m is t s
a
w e e k ly
e a r lie r ,
th e
e a c h
le v e ls
p e r c e n t )
s a la r ie s
2.
a
V I;
b e
a ll
in
m a
s c h e d u le s
r e p o r t
(a t to r n e y s
e x p la in e d
W ith in
o f
w e ll
w ith
8. 8
c o v e r in g
a n d
a s
d is t in c t
w e r e
in
a n a ly s ts
w ill
s o m e
le s s ),
T h e
to
ou t
e m p lo y e e s .
th a t
s a la r ie s
a n d
a ls o
5.
illu s t r a t e ,
L a r g e s t
5. 2
III,
a v e r a g e
th e
w o r k
fo r
le v e l
F o r t y - h o u r
e m p lo y e e s
w o r k
T o
fo u n d )
c a s e s .
is
p o in te d
fo r
s e e n
($ 4 7
p e r c e n t
th a t
4 0 -h o u r
c o m m o n ly
o n e
v a r ia t io n
W h e r e a s
r e p o r t e d
e x c e p t
5
h a v e
f ir m s
w e r e
fa c t
ta b le
w id e n
s a la r ie s
w e r e
2
o f
in
b e t w e e n
e a r lie r .
th a n
a v e r a g e s
to
b e
$ 7 5
a ll
38.
a s
p a id
b e t w e e n
w e e k ly
e m p lo y e e s
o r
a b s o lu t e
s u b s ta n tia lly .
p e r c e n t
e x a m p le ,
l e s s
r e fl e c t
m a n u fa c tu r in g .
r a t e s
n o te d
o r
T h e
an d ,
lo w e s t
te n d e d
r e a d ily
a ls o
in
stu d ie d ,
c a n
M e d ia n
o f
th e
fo r
la r g e ly
in d u s t r ie s .
in s u r a n c e
f o r
39
h o u r s
a m o n g
m a n u fa c tu r in g .
p r e s e n t e d
r a t e s
c a n
r a p h e r s
o f
w e r e
q u ite
in
d is t r ib u t io n s
s a la r ie s
It
in d iv id u a l
e ith e r
s a la r y
t h o s e
h o u r s
s e r ie s ;
le v e ls
a r e
le v e ls ,
t w ic e
w e e k ly
jo b s
a n d
fin a n c e .
e m p lo y e d
S a la r y
jo b
in
e m p lo y m e n t
w e r e
39
a t t o r n e y
jo b s
th e s e
b a n k in g
o f
g r e a t e s t
c le r i c a l
c e n t r a t io n
fiv e
A v e r a g e s
a u d ito r
a v e r a g e
in
e s t a b lis h m e n t s ,
e m p lo y e e s ,
4
w o r k w e e k s .
in
e m p lo y m e n t
m a n u fa c t u r in g
th e ir
in
d iff e r e n c e s
o f
e m p lo y e e s
r a n g e s
e x t r e m e
in d ic a te
m a r k e t s
S e e
B L S
f o r
lo w
th a t
a s
th e
a n d
w o r k
(p a r t ic u la r ly
B u ll.
1 2 4 0 -2 2 ,
195 8—59.
e a c h
th at
la b o r
m a r k e t
in c lu d e s
th e
c h a r a c t e r is t ic s
a ls o
a p p a r e n t
th a t
p r o v id e
c le r i c a l
o f
w ith in
th e
a n d
n a t io n
in d iv id u a l
6
h ig h
s a la r ie s
d iff e r e n c e s
f o r
f r o m
in
v a r io u s
th e
e a c h
c o m p a r is o n .
r a n g e
o f
d u tie s
T h is ,
a n d
h o w e v e r ,
d o e s
r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s
s a la r y
c e n t
N u m b e r
O c c u p a t io n a l
20
c a t e g o r ie s
p e r c e n t
25
30
35
-
-
-
a n d
30
35
4 0
o v e r
u n d e r
77
8
25
a s
s a la r y
2 2
33
4
2
40
8
a n d
9
2
1
6
-
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
1
4
20
5
11
2
1
-
1
—
12
-
4
5
1
-
2
s u p e r v i s o r y ---------
9
-
3
3
1
1
1
D r a f t i n g --------------------------------- ------------
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
17
1
3
12
1
-
-
E n g in e e r s
a n d
P e r s o n n e l
m a n a g e m e n t
—
35
r e s p o n d in g
s c ie n tis t s
...............................................
in
th is
p e r c e n t
e n g in e e r s
a n d
20
g r a d e
le v e l
m a y
g e n e r a lly
p la n s
to
w h ic h
s a la r ie s
o f
th e
r a n g e
a
o f
th a n
fo r
th e
w ith in
jo b
o th e r
th e
a
p a y
w id e
o r
r a n g e
s a la r y
th e
s a m e
u n d e r
w o r k
p a tte r n
le v e ls
in
th e
a n d
a p p lie s
S a la r ie s
a r e
f o r m a liz e d
p a y
s a la r y
o f
r a n g e
le v e ls .
o c c u p a t io n
D is t in c t
s t r u c t u r e s
fo r
c o r
th e
d iff e r e n c e s
T h is
in
s t r u c tu r e .
th e
w o r k
o c c u p a t io n s .
b a s is
o f
th e
w ith in
le v e ls
w h e r e a s ,
g r o u p s ,
o f
th a n
in
a t t o r n e y
p e r c e n t
e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
in d iv id u a l
p r o v id e
25
o th e r
f o r
le v e ls ,
m a jo r it y
a d m in is tr a t iv e
a n
6
in d iv id u a ls
f a c t o r s
w ith in
a n d
w ith in
g r a d e s
p a id
o f
a ll
f o r
s a la r ie s
5
l e s s
F o r
m e d ia n
in
in
in d iv id u a l e m p lo y e e s
on
le v e l
w a s
le v e ls .
c o n s id e r a b ly
e ith e r
r a n g e
v a r ie t y
o f
r a n g e
m e d ia n
o f s a la r ie s
p r o f e s s io n a l
p a y
m id d le
th e
a
S a la r ie s
g r a d e
b e t w e e n
20
o f
r e fle c t e d
c h a r a c t e r is t ic a lly
a n d
th e
th e
in
d e t e r m in e d
o c c u p a t io n
n o te d
16
v a r y
th e
g r o u p
p e r c e n t
d e fin itio n s .
th e
c o r r e s p o n d in g
30
u n d o u b te d ly
p a r t ic u la r ly
th e
f o r
a n d
D iffe r e n c e s
le v e l
c o m p a r is o n ,
o f
s c ie n t is t s
m e d ia n
b e t w e e n
s u r v e y e d
r a t e s
fo r
e a c h
o v e r la p p in g
in d iv id u a l
f ir m s
o f
w a s
fr e q u e n t ly .
D iffe r e n c e s
T h e
e s t im a t e s
d iv is io n ,
p u te d ,
a n d
e r a g e s
jo b
f o r
s u c h
s o le ly
o f
th e
th e
th e
w a s
v a r io u s
D a ta
f o r
n o t
a r e
n o t
th e
p u r p o s e
th e
a s
e a c h
to
a
o f
w ith
th e
in
o f
o f
th is
p r o v id in g
p u b lic a t io n
r e g io n
a
g r o u p s
e m p lo y m e n t
g r o u p s f o r
b y
r e p o r t .
d iff e r e n c e s
c o n s ta n t
in
w ith in
g r o u p s
d iv is io n s
o f
b a s is
f o r
r e g io n a l
th e
s c o p e
w e ig h t
b y
in
r e g io n
w e r e
s e p a r a t e
m a jo r
s u r v e y e d .
c o m p a r is o n
in d u s tr y
o r
E s t im a t e s
th e
e m p lo y m e n t
o c c u p a t io n a l
o th e r
p e r m it
jo b s
o c c u p a t io n a l
to ta l
o c c u p a t io n a l
c o m p a r is o n s
s h o w n
b r o a d
u s e d
p la n n e d
a d m in is tr a t iv e
in flu e n c e
e m p lo y m e n t ,
c a t e g o r y
p e r m it
w a s
f o r
to
In d u s tr y
a n d
e s t im a t e s
r e la tin g
6
to
a n d
d e s ig n
e s t im a t e s
c o m p o s it io n
e a c h
R e g io n
p r o f e s s io n a l
h o w e v e r ,
t h e s e
b y
s u r v e y
f o r
o b s e r v a t io n s
t r a d e
e x p r e s s e d
m e d ia n
20
by-
p e r
_________________________
T h u s ,
in
o f
50
A t t o r n e y s
e x c e e d e d
f r o m
c a t e g o r ie s
m id d le
...............................................
C le r ic a l
P a y
a c c o u n t
d e s c r ip t io n s
a u d it o r s
C le r ic a l
w o r k
in to
jo b
a n d
jo b
c a t e g o r i e s ...................................
A c c o u n t a n ts
w a s
g r o u p
o f
e m p lo y e e s
p e r c e n t
U n d e r
o f
o f jo b
r a n g e
o f
a
th e
ta k e
th e
le v e ls .
D is t r ib u t io n
A ll
n o t
a m o n g
in d u s tr y
w e r e
s o m e
T o
e lim in a t e
o r
in d u s tr ia l
o f
th e
s u r v e y
c o m p u tin g
a n d
a v
in d u s t r y .6
in s u ffic ie n t
s u r v e y e d .
c o m
g e n e r a l
in
w h o le s a le
7
W ith
a n d
lo w e s t
a n d
b r o a d
s p r e a d
5
a m o u n te d
p e r c e n t
h ig h e s t
10
in
T h e
th is
w ith
W e s t
T h e
N o r t h e a s t
in
th e
th e
to
7
lo w e s t
f o r
o n ly
s a la r ie s
in
to
a n d
a n d
th e
th e
h ig h e s t
A m o n g
m a x im u m
s c ie n t ific
a b o u t
7
s e r ie s ;
p e r c e n t
jo b
a v e r a g e s
in
th e
p r o f e s s io n a l
g r o u p s .
W e s t )'
d r a ftin g
r e g io n a l
s p r e a d
th e
w a s
a
th e
th r e e
c le r i c a l
c lo s e
s lig h t ly
w e r e
s e r ie s ,
d r a ftin g
a n d
a n d
f o r
in
th e
g r o u p s ,
b y
a b o u t
th e
14
a n d
a v e r a g e
f o r
c le r i c a l
c le r i c a l
s u p e r v is o r y
p e r c e n t .
le v e ls
w e r e
a n d
e n g in e e r in g
c le r i c a l
b e t w e e n
s m a lle r
C e n tr a l,
s e r ie s ;
th e
r e g io n
s e c o n d
c le r i c a l
in t e r r e g io n a l
s a la r y
o c c u p a t io n a l
W ith in
in
th e
r a tio
th a t
f o r
p a r e d
th e
o f
th e
th e
th e
a n d
144
b r o a d
a b o v e
p e r c e n t
b e lo w
h ig h e s t
th e
a n d
s e c o n d
th e
W e s t
th e
h a d
fo u r
in
th e
in
N o r t h e a s t
o f
le v e ls
th o s e
f o r
th e
th e
e n g in e e r in g
a b o v e
a ll
r e s e a r c h ,
t h o s e
fin a n c e ,
c le r i c a l
in
N o r th
th e
r e g io n .
s a la r y
a n d
a n d
s u p e r
C e n tr a l
h ig h e s t
p r o f e s s io n a l
a r e a
c le r i c a l
le v e ls ,
a d m in is tr a t iv e
w e r e
s o m e w h a t
c o n s id e r a b ly
r e a l
e s ta te
th e
W e e k ly
P a y
In
7
a d d itio n
Is la n d ,
a n d
F lo r id a ,
D a k o ta ,
C o lo r a d o ,
a n d
K e n tu c k y ,
O h io ,
Id a h o ,
f o r
e n g in e e r in g
a n d
la b o r a t o r ie s
jo b
th e
b y
s e r ie s
S ou th ,
u tilitie s
to
c o m
a n d
s a la r y
In
f o r
R e ta il
p a y
fin a n c e ,
at
s e r v ic e s ,
f o r
s lig h tly
t r a d e
a n d
w h ic h
b e
in
c o m p a r e d ,
in s u r a n c e ,
le a s t
th e
w e r e
in d u s t r ie s
c o u ld
o f
w e r e
w e r e
le v e ls ,
u tilitie s
w e r e
e a c h
s a la r y le v e ls
g r o u p s
th a t
th e
le v e ls
t r a n s p o r t a
a r c h it e c t u r a l
p u b lic
g r o u p s
th e
in d u s t r ie s
c o m b in e d ,
s im ila r
o c c u p a t io n s .
lo w e r
th e s e
in d u s t r ie s .
h a d
in
in d u s t r ie s
o c c u p a t io n a l
o c c u p a t io n a l
p a r t ly
a n d
o ffs e t
s c h e d u le s .
d a ta
f o r
th is
e m p lo y e e s
w a s
s tu d y
N e w
a n d
N e v a d a ,
a r e :
a n d
w h ic h
C o n n e c tic u t,
D is t r ic t
M is s is s ip p i,
M e x ic o ,
to
a n d
W e s t
R h o d e
o f
C o lu m b ia ,
N o r th
C a r o lin a ,
V ir g in ia ;
M is s o u r i,
W est-— A r i z o n a ,
O r e g o n ,
a n d
t h e s e
M a in e ,
P e n n s y lv a n ia ,
M in n e s o ta ,
W is c o n s in ;
p r o f e s s io n a l
e x te n t
Y o r k ,
V ir g in ia ,
M ic h ig a n ,
N e w
in
th e
D e la w a r e ,
M a r y la n d ,
T e x a s ,
o n
N o rth e a st-—
N e w
A r k a n s a s ,
K a n s a s ,
D a k o ta ,
c la s s if ie d
o b ta in e d
J e r s e y ,
L o u is ia n a ,
Io w a ,
S o u th
in
a n d
s e r v ic e s
s a la r ie s
m a n u fa c tu r in g
T e n n e s s e e ,
M o n ta n a ,
p e r c e n t
w e r e
d iffe r e n t ia ls
s c ie n t ific
m a n u fa c tu r in g
in d u s t r ie s
S o u th — A la b a m a ,
In d ia n a ,
175
d r a ftin g
in fo r m a t io n
in
C a r o lin a ,
In
p u b lic
H a m p s h ir e ,
V e r m o n t ;
a n d
o c c u p a t io n s
s u c h
B o n u s e s
8
u s e d
N e w
S ou th
in
s a la r y
r e g io n s
C en tra l-— I llin o is ,
N o r th
to
G e o r g ia ,
O k la h o m a ,
a n d
in
a v e r a g e
th e
w o r k w e e k
o c c u p a t io n s ,
T h e
a n d
c le r i c a l
C a s h
o f
s a n ita r y
te s tin g
e s ta te
th a n
in
a v e r a g e
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ,
a n d
p a r t ic u la r ly ,
In c lu d in g
a d m in is tr a t iv e
a n d
a d m in is tr a t iv e
lo w e r
g r o u p ,
s h o r t e r
r e a l
lo w e r
a n d
s p r e a d
a m o n g
M e a s u r in g
e n g in e e r in g
c o m b in e d .
s c ie n t ific
a n d
W e s t.
s im ila r
g a s ,
g r o u p s ,
m a n u fa c tu r in g
p r o f e s s io n a l
a n d
q u ite
in d u s t r ie s
th e
a
d e v e lo p m e n t , a n d
in s u r a n c e ,
u s u a lly
f o r
d iffe r e n t ia ls
th e
W e s t.
e le c t r ic ,
a n d
f o r
th e
p a y
in
s h o w e d
in
o c c u p a t io n a l
a n d
s a la r y
g r o u p
c o m m u n ic a t io n ,
th e
r e g io n s ,
s m a lle s t
a v e r a g e
S a la r y
th e
s e v e r a l
S ou th ,
c le r i c a l
w ith
tio n ,
U ta h ,
N o r th
N e b r a s k a ,
C a lifo r n ia ,
W a s h in g to n ,
W y o m in g .
8
A s
o c c u p a t io n s
b y
F o r
C e n tr a l
ra n k in g
th e
N o r th
p e r c e n t
e x c e e d e d
in
f o r
d iffe r e n c e s
s u b s ta n tia lly
s e r ie s .
g r e a t e s t
b y
le d
th e
fo u r
5
s e r i e s 9
b e
m a n a g e m e n t
D r a ft in g - r o o m
o t h e r
th e
jo b
a n d
th a n
a m o u n te d
N o r th
to
S ou th ,
s e r ie s .
a v e r a g e s
W e s t
p a y .
th e
th a n
a u d itin g
th e
r e g io n
v i s o r y
le s s
p e r s o n n e l
e m p lo y e e s
b u t
a t t o r n e y
g r o u p in g s
r e s p e c t iv e ly .
s u p e r v is o r y
th e
a p p e a r e d
(N o r th e a s t,
to
r e g io n a l
p e r c e n t ,
s e r ie s ,
jo b
th e
a n d
o f
a v e r a g e s
r e g io n s
a c c o u n tin g
In
e x c e p t io n
a d m in is tr a t iv e
fo u r
to
th e
r e g io n a l
th e
le c t e d
w h e n
m e n t s
e x p la in e d
w e r e
B u r e a u
in
t h e s e
a v e r a g e d
a d d e d
in
in
60
o v e r
f r o m
la b o r
s tu d ie s .
little
a p p e n d ix
o b ta in e d
a ll
to
m a r k e t s .
E a r l i e r
e m p lo y e e s
t h e ir
A ,
s a la r y
d a ta
o c c u p a t io n a l
I n fo r m a t io n
s tu d ie s
in
a v e r a g e
w a g e
c o n d u c t e d
o ffic e
w e e k ly
c le r i c a l
p a y .
f o r
th e
s u r v e y s
o n
b y
c a s h
th e
c le r i c a l
a n d
c o n d u c te d
b o n u s e s
B u r e a u
o c c u p a t io n s ,
d r a ftin g
s e p a r a t e ly
w a s
n o t
in d ic a te d
c a s h
b o n u s
c o l
th at
p a y
8
e m p lo y e e s
a m o u n t
in q u ir y ,
50
w e r e
o f
th e
e m p lo y e e s
in
w a s
b y
m a n n e r
a m o n g
in
a g e
jo b
a s
m u c h
fo llo w in g
h ig h e r
r e c e iv in g
c a s h
r e c e iv e d
w ith
th e
s u r v e y
c o v e r e d
b o n u s e s
b y
m o r e
b o n u s e s
th e
O c c u p a tio n s
jo b
b y
r a n g e d
th a n
th e
v a r ie d
25
a n d
th e
th e
b o n u s
f r o m
11
p e r c e n t
in
w h ic h
o r
o f
o f
to
th e
in
a n d
p a r t ,
w o r k
r e c e iv e d
le v e ls
w e r e
w e r e
m o r e
b o n u s e s
V a r ia t io n s
r e fle c t ,
le v e ls
p a y m e n t s
w e r e
w o r k
c o m p a r is o n ,
o c c u p a t io n s
w o r k
b o n u s
b o n u s e s
m o r e
c h e m is t s .
to
a m o n g
in c id e n c e
th r e e
In
a n d
b e lie v e d
in
in
a n a ly s ts .
d ir e c t o r s
w e r e
t h o s e
a n d
in
a d d e d
p e r c e n t
th e
a d d e d
w h o
d id
w ith o u t
e m p lo y e e s
b o n u s e s
1
r e c e iv in g
e m p lo y e e s
a r e
p a y m e n t s
s u m m a r y ,
n o te d
in
d iffe r e n c e s
le v e ls
is
th e
in
th e
d is t r ib u t e d
e a c h
le s s
b u t
im p a c t
o f
s a la r y
o f
th e
2
b o n u s
r e la tin g
in
a d d e d
5 6
s u c h
a r e
to
w e e k ly
p e r c e n t
in
p a y m e n t s
16
to
a ll
e m p lo y e e s
p a y m e n t s .
c o m p a r e d
p r o f e s s io n a l
1 p e r c e n t
th a n
d a ta
p a r t ic ip a t e
b o n u s e s
th a n
le s s
to
n o t
a n d
p a y
to
ta b le
4.
a d m in is tr a t iv e
in
o t h e r s .
te n d e d
A v e r
in
17
A s
b e
c a t e g o r ie s
s h o w n
in
g r e a t e s t
in
th e
th e
le v e ls .
B o n u s
a s
a n d
in c lu d in g
a ll
a s
w o r k
p r e c e d in g
c a t e g o r ie s
e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
s a la r ie s
c a t e g o r ie s ,
a n d
th e
e m p lo y m e n t
iD cm us
o v e r
y e a r
jo b
o c c u p a t io n s ,
le v e ls .
o f
p e r s o n n e l
an d
c a t e g o r y ,
A v e r a g e d
s o m e
p a y m e n t s
w h ic h
w e e k ly
th e
56
w e r e
e m p lo y e e s
In
lo w e r
b y
in d u s t r ie s
e a c h
o f
p e r c e n t
b o n u s
C a s h
in
th e
20
r e c e iv e d
o f
th e
e m p lo y e e s
b o n u s e s
m a t h e m a t ic ia n s ,
in c id e n c e
d u r in g
A m o n g
4 ).
in
th a n
e n g in e e r s ,
o f
o c c u p a t io n s .
g r e a t e r
f e w e r
b o n u s e s
h a lf,
p r o p o r t io n
s a m e
w id e ly
a b o u t
(ta b le
T h e
th e
c a s h
p a y m e n t s .
p r o p o r t io n
p e r c e n t ;
o f
p a id
s u c h
p a y m e n ts
p e r c e n t a g e
00
o f
jo b
J o b
c a t e g o r ie s
s a la r ie s
►
—*
o
a v e r a g e
N u m b e r
o f
3
c a t e g o r y
D ir e c t o r s
o f
p e r s o n n e l
D ir e c t o r s
o f
r e s e a r c h
IV
a n d
d e v e lo p m e n t
M a t h e m a t ic ia n s
D ir e c t o r s
2
5. 2 - 5 . 7
o f
V
p e r s o n n e l
M a t h e m a t ic ia n s
3. 0 -4 .
A c c o u n t a n ts
8
8
A t t o r n e y s
C h e m is t s
D ir e c t o r s
F o r
t a r y
in
r e s e a r c h
f r o m
10
10
to
13
m a x im u m
E m p lo y e e s
s a la r y
th a n
b a s is .
p a y
p e r c e n t
f o r
w h o
o f
t h o s e
a v e r a g e s
w e e k ly
in
18
r e c e iv in g
e m p lo y e e s
A v e r a g e
m o r e
in c r e a s e
a n d
in
A ll
a c t u a lly
c o n s id e r a b ly
d e v e lo p m e n t ,
p e r c e n t
b o n u s e s )
e m p lo y e e s
w e e k ly
a n d
43
3. 0
a d d e d
T h e
o c c u r r e d
to
t h o s e
p a y m e n t s
a v e r a g e s .
5
th a n
f o r
s a la r ie s
p a y
(1 9 -2 0
f o r
c a s h
th a n
p e r c e n t )
d ir e c t o r s
s a la r y
f o r
a d d itio n a l
s a m e
V
(e x c lu d in g
a n d
o f
c a t e g o r ie s
th e
in d ic a te d
th o s e
in
II
V I
a n d
r e c ip ie n t s
V
V I
p e r s o n n e l
V I.
7
s u p p le m e n
b y
th e
r e c e iv in g
p e r s o n n e l
V
a n d
IV ,
d ir e c t o r s
B o n u s e s
o t h e r
o v e r a ll
b o n u s e s
jo b s
o f
a v e r a g e d
a n d
f r o m
jo b s .
te n d e d
jo b
f o r
IV ,
b o n u s e s ,
is
o f
m a t h e m a t ic ia n s
b o n u s e s
th e
r e c e iv e d
to
o th e r
III,
V I
E n g in e e r s
L e s s
III
V I
to
h a v e
c a t e g o r ie s
b o n u s e s )
o f
lo w e r
w h o
s a la r y
w e r e
e m p lo y e e s
r a te s
p a id
o n
(e x c lu d in g
a
s tr a ig h t
r e c e iv in g
b o n u s e s
9
w e r e
lo w e r
W ith
p lo y e e s
th e
th a n
b o n u s
a ll- e m p lo y e e
p a y m e n t s
e x c e e d e d
5 6
jo b
th e
T h e
o f
s tu d y
h a d
s u r v e y
a d o p te d
f o r
th e
in
a n d
th e
le a s t
th at
o n
s o m e
s a la r y
th e y
a r e
f o r m a l
s a la r y
r e s p e c t s
in
g r o u p .
o n t im e
T h e
p a y
s y s t e m
A c t
a n d
in
o n
a c c o r d in g
e a c h
o f
th e
a p p ly in g
g r o u p s
o f
f o r m a l
e m p lo y in g
6 ).
r a n g e
o f
th e
r a te
p e r c e n t
10
o f
p a id
o f
8
r a n g e
f o r
r a te
o t h e r s .
e m
m a jo r it y
a n d
o f
o n
th e
o f
th e
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
r a te
p a y
to
o r
r a te s
th e
a
r a te
a r e
p e r
q u a lific a tio n s
to
a
d r a ft s m e n .
s in g le
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
T h e
r a te s
w ith
in d iv id u a l
w ith
r a te
s u c h
in
98
e m p lo y e e s
to
f r o m
55
in
33
f r o m
th e
33
c le r i c a l
to
f o r m a l
s y s t e m s
w e r e
r a te
o f
s in c e
g e n e r a l
in
In
e m p lo y e r
th e
n u m b e r
T h e
p r o
o c c u p a t io n a l
f o r
c le r i c a l
o c c u p a t io n s .
o c c u p a t io n a l
o f
th e
r a te
T h e
a s
o c c u p a t io n a l
w a s
a n d
th e
m a n y
p o lic ie s
in
b y
(w ith
s m a ll
h a d
1
o f
a
g r o u p .
w ith
a u d ito r s
o n ly
a s
p r o p o r t io n
in d ic a te d
t h o s e
d r a ft s m e n
p o lic ie s
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
g r o u p
in
g r o u p ,
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
e m p lo y in g
e a c h
o f
p r e v a le n t
th e s e
e s t im a t e s
to
in
c l a s
r e p o r t e d
th e
n o t
p a y r o ll
w e r e
s u r v e y .
a c c o u n ta n ts
th a n
in fo r m a l
m o r e
S ta n d a r d s
s e le c t e d
t h o s e
f o r
a n
th e
th e
w ith in
p o lic ie s .
th e
f o r m a l
w o r k e r s
g r e a t e r
L a b o r
d u e
p e r c e n t
o c c u p a t io n a l
w a s
w ith in
e s t a b lis h m e n t .
p r o p o r t io n
p e r c e n t
th e s e
m u c h
th e
r a te s
p o lic y .
e x a m p le ,
d iffe r e n c e s
in
if
la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t
g r o u p s
b e
to
w ith
w o r k e r s
r e v ie w
e m p lo y e e s
in
a n
r a n g e s
g r o u p s
th e
th e
e a c h
p e r c e n t
o f
o f
at
c la s s if ie d
E s t a b lis h m e n t s
p e r c e n t
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
s y s t e m s ,
b a s is )
to
o n
in
a p p r o
s p e c ific
F o r
a
t im e
s tu d y ,
r a te
o n
F a ir
b y
m a y
b u t
th e
th is
s a la r y
th e
c o v e r e d
c la s s if ie d
r a n g e d
a p p lie d
o r
o c c u p a t io n a l
fo u n d
a tto r n e y s
g r o u p s ,
v a r ie d
s u r v e y
b y
th e
o c c u p a t io n s
e m p lo y e e
m a jo r it y
g r o u p s
A t
o f
w ith
o c c u p a t io n .
s y s t e m s
w e r e
m a jo r it y
o c c u p a t io n a l
th is
p a y r o ll.
g r o u p s
r a te
a u d ito r s
in
f o r
e m p lo y e e s
a m o n g
in t e r m e d ia t e
f o r m a liz e d
In
s y s t e m
a m o n g
a
b e in g
c le a r - c u t .
r a te
an
o n
D e t e r m in a t io n
b e tw e e n
to
p o l ic y
r e c o r d e d .
o f
c o v e r e d
h a v in g
th e
p r o c e s s
c o v e r e d
e m p lo y e e s
f o r
th e
e m p lo y e e s
o r
s a la r y
o f
p o lic y
f o r m a l s a la r y
a n
s e g m e n t
s in g le
a ls o
p r o g r e s s io n
w ith in
o c c u p a t io n a l
w ith
a ll
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
o f
s y s t e m s
th e
o n
a
r e la tio n
w a s
a lw a y s
c o n fid e n tia l
e m p lo y e e s
a p p ly in g
s e v e n
f o r m a l
in
e s t a b lis h e d
o c c u p a t io n a l
p e r c e n t
u n d e r
m in e d
3
in fo r m a t io n
w h ic h
fo u n d ,
e ffe c t ,
th e
d iffe r
le v e l
a p p ly in g
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
V ir t u a lly
f o r m a l
53
w h ic h
s a la r y
r a t e s
n o t
f o r m a l
e m p lo y e e s
o r
in
o b ta in e d
m a y
d iffe r e n c e s
v a r io u s
f r o m
n o t
c o v e r e d ;
ty p e s
to
a
b e e n
b e t w e e n
b r o a d
in
a u to m a tic
b y
s y s t e m
a c c o u n ta n ts
A m o n g
w h ic h
n o t
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
r a n g e d
(ta b le
g r e a t
o f
to
p r o v id in g
a r e
r a n g e s
n o t
h a v e
e ith e r
b e t w e e n
th e
in
A m o n g
w ith
in
b o n u s -p a id
T h is
e x te n t
e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
h a d
m a n a g e m e n t
v a r io u s
g r o u p s
p o r t io n
th e
p la n s .
th e
w e r e
w e r e
w a s
to
c o v e r e d ;
s e v e n
to
s u c h
in
f o r
c o lle c t io n
p r i m a r i l y
w a s
to
s y s t e m
t h e r e fo r e ,
r e la tin g
o f
r a te s
r a te
to
p o lic ie s
o f
th e
p la n s
f o r m a l
s y s t e m s
s o m e t im e s
t h o s e
th e
ta b u la tio n s ,
f o r
p la n s
p la n s
th e
t h e r e fo r e ,
d iffe r
n o t
a n d
th o s e
r a n g e
n u m b e r
r e la te d
a n d
m a y
a g r e e m e n t
,
d e t e r m in e d
I n fo r m a t io n
s a la r y
th o s e
i. e .
s u c h
c o n s id e r e d
p e r io d s
e s t a b lis h m e n t ,
s ifie d
id e n t ic a l
p a y
e m p lo y e e s
d e t e r m in in g
p la n s ,
w ith in
a
m a x im u m
a n d
a ll
a n d
w e e k ly
c la s s ific a t io n
W h e r e
r a te
m in im u m
a n d
a n d
w ith
r a te
p r o g r e s s io n
c la s s ific a t io n ,
a
c a t e g o r ie s
e m p lo y e e .
w a s
o r
f o r
p r o v id e d
p a y
la r g e ly
e s t a b lis h m e n t
w ith in
a ls o
o c c u p a t io n .
s u r v e y ,
p r ia t e
32
a v e r a g e
S y s t e m s
d e s ig n
f o r m a l
e a c h
W h e r e
o f
s a la r ie s
e s t a b lis h m e n t
in d iv id u a l
r a te s
R a te
c o n c e r n e d
s o n a liz e d
o f
o f
th e
w a s
r a n g e
a v e r a g e
in
h o w e v e r ,
c a t e g o r ie s .
C h a r a c t e r is t ic s
n a tu r e
a v e r a g e s
in c lu d e d ,
o n e
a
to
in
e v e r y
o f
e m p lo y e e s
th e
p r o p o r t io n
s a la r ie s
d e t e r
e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
10
A m a jo r i t y o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts that had f o r m a l ra te ra n g e p la n s w ith
s p e c i f i e d m in im u m and m a x im u m r a te s had f le x i b il it y in r e g a r d to in t e r m e d ia t e
s te p r a t e s .
S u ch r a te s w e r e n ot s p e c if ie d in 43 p e r c e n t o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts
h a v in g f o r m a l ra te ra n g e p la n s and p r o g r e s s i o n p o l i c i e s a p p lic a b le to c l e r i c a l
w o r k e r s ; th is p r o p o r t i o n r e a c h e d 77 p e r c e n t in th e c a s e o f a t t o r n e y s .
A m ong
a ll o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , the h ig h e s t p r o p o r t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l
ra te ra n g e p la n s in w h ich the s te p r a te s w ith in e a c h ra n g e w e r e s p e c i f i e d w as
35 p e r c e n t , r e la tin g to c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s . E s t a b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t e d u n d e r “ o th e r
p o l i c y 11 in c lu d e d th o s e w ith p la n s in w h ich o n ly s o m e o f th e l o w e r s te p r a te s w e r e
s p e c if ie d , and th o s e w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m and m a x im u m r a te s but in w h ich the
p o l i c y on p r o g r e s s i o n w as h ot d e fin it e ly e s t a b lis h e d .
P e r i o d i c m e r it r e v ie w w a s b y f a r the m o s t p r e v a le n t b a s is f o r p r o g r e s
s io n o r a d v a n c e m e n t u n d e r r a te ra n g e p la n s .
E ven am ong c le r ic a l w o rk e rs ,
72 p e r c e n t o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts u s e d p e r i o d i c m e r it r e v ie w f o r s a l a r y a d v a n c e
m e n t w ith in ra te r a n g e s . O n ly in the c a s e o f c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s w as t h e r e a s i g
n ific a n t p r o p o r t i o n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts (11 p e r c e n t ) w ith p r o v i s io n s f o r a u to m a tic
i n c r e a s e s a ft e r s p e c if ie d p e r i o d s . C o m b in a tio n p la n s p r o v id in g f o r o n e o r m o r e
a u to m a tic i n c r e a s e s f o llo w e d b y m e r it r e v ie w s a p p lie d to p e r s o n n e l m a n a g e m e n t
o c c u p a t io n s in 10 p e r c e n t o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l ra te ra n g e p la n s ; the
h ig h e s t p r o p o r t i o n o f a r r a n g e m e n ts o f th is n a tu re (20 p e r c e n t ) a p p lie d to d r a fts m e n .
A f le x i b le p o l i c y w as a ls o r e p o r t e d on the a p p lic a t io n o f ra te ra n g e
m in im u m s to n ew e m p lo y e e s h ir e d in an o c c u p a t io n .
A m o n g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts
w ith f o r m a l i z e d ra te ra n g e s a p p ly in g to on e o r m o r e o f the o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s
s tu d ie d , 94 p e r c e n t p e r m it t e d h ir in g o f n e w e m p lo y e e s a b o v e the m in im u m o f
th e ra te ra n g e .
In q u iry w a s a ls o m a d e in to d is t in c t io n s in r a te s o f p a y a m o n g e n g in e e r s
e m p lo y e d w ith in e s ta b lis h m e n ts in tw o o r m o r e f ie ld s o f s p e c ia li z a t i o n (e . g. , c i v i l ,
m e c h a n ic a l, and e l e c t r i c a l ) o r in tw o o r m o r e fu n c tio n s (e . g. , r e s e a r c h , d e s ig n ,
o p e r a t io n and m a in te n a n c e , p r o d u c t io n ). A m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g e n g i
n e e r s in tw o o r m o r e s p e c ia li z a t i o n s , 94 p e r c e n t r e p o r t e d n o ra te d if f e r e n c e s on
the b a s is o f f ie l d o f s p e c ia li z a t i o n ; a m o n g th o s e e m p lo y in g e n g in e e r s in tw o o r
m o r e fu n c tio n s , 92 p e r c e n t r e p o r t e d no ra te d if f e r e n c e s b a s e d on fu n c tio n .
In
th e s m a ll p r o p o r t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith d is t in c t io n s in r a te s o f p a y f o r e n g i
n e e r s s o l e l y on the b a s is o f s p e c ia li z a t i o n o r fu n c tio n (6 and 8 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c
t iv e ly ), n e a r ly a ll had ra te d if f e r e n c e s at a ll o r m o s t o f t h e ir w o r k le v e ls (ta b le 7).
E n tr a n c e R ate P o l i c i e s f o r E n g in e e r s ,
C h e m is t s ,
and M a th e m a tic ia n s
E s t a b lis h m e n t e n tr a n c e ra te p o l i c i e s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d c o l l e g e g r a d u a te s
w ith o n ly a b a c h e l o r fs d e g r e e in e n g in e e r in g , c h e m is t r y , and m a th e m a t ic s w e r e
s tu d ie d to d e t e r m in e h ir in g p r a c t i c e s , e n tr y s a l a r i e s , and c r i t e r i a u s e d to e s t a b
l is h s a l a r ie s p a id i f a ra n g e in h ir in g r a te s w as p e r m it t e d b y the e m p lo y e r . If
k n ow n at the tim e data w e r e c o l l e c t e d , in fo r m a t io n on p o l i c i e s e f fe c t iv e in June
I9 6 0 w a s o b ta in e d . A b o u t h a lf o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts in d ic a te d that h ir in g s a l a r ie s
q u oted at the t im e o f the v i s i t w ou ld be e f f e c t iv e in h ir in g June I9 6 0 g r a d u a te s .
E n g in e e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in 32 p e r c e n t , c h e m is t s in 17 p e r c e n t , and
m a th e m a t ic ia n s in 2 p e r c e n t o f the e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .
F o r e a c h o f th e th r e e o c c u p a t io n s , a p p r o x im a t e ly t w o - t h ir d s o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts
r e p r e s e n t e d b y the a b o v e p e r c e n t a g e s h ir e d i n e x p e r ie n c e d c o l l e g e g r a d u a te s . A l
m o s t h a lf o f the e m p lo y e r s h ir in g i n e x p e r ie n c e d e n g in e e r s and a p p r o x im a t e ly the
s a m e p r o p o r t i o n h ir in g i n e x p e r ie n c e d c h e m is t s had e s t a b lis h e d f o r m a l h ir in g
s a la r ie s .
F o r in e x p e r ie n c e d m a th e m a t ic s m a j o r s , 9 out o f 10 e s ta b lis h m e n ts
e m p lo y in g r e c r u i t s in the o c c u p a t io n had f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r i e s .
11
T h e d is c u s s io n b e lo w is b a s e d on in fo r m a t io n f r o m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts
w ith f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r y p o l i c i e s f o r i n e x p e r ie n c e d e n g in e e r s , c h e m i s t s , and
m a th e m a t ic ia n s w ith o n ly a b a c h e lo r * s d e g r e e (ta b le s 8 and 9 ).
E x c lu d e d a r e
e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich d id n ot h ir e p e r s o n n e l in th e s e o c c u p a t io n s and th o s e w h ich
d id n ot h ir e in e x p e r ie n c e d c o l l e g e g r a d u a te s .
F o r the e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r i e s , the m o s t c o m m o n
p r a c t i c e w a s to p e r m i t a ra n g e in h ir in g s a l a r ie s w ith a f ix e d m in im u m and an
a llo w a b le s p r e a d a b o v e the m in im u m .
I n e x p e r ie n c e d e n g in e e r s and c h e m is t s
w e r e h ir e d u n d e r s u c h a p o l i c y in 65 p e r c e n t and 67 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y , o f
the e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r i e s .
M o r e than 90 p e r c e n t o f the
e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r ie s f o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s p e r m it t e d a s p r e a d
in e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s .
S in g le e n tr a n c e s a l a r y p o l i c i e s w e r e o p e r a t iv e in a bou t
o n e -t h i r d o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l h ir in g s a l a r ie s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d
e n g in e e r s and c h e m is t s , and f o r l e s s than 10 p e r c e n t o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts h ir in g
g r a d u a te s m a jo r in g in m a t h e m a t ic s .
B oth in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith s in g le e n tr y r a te s in th e s e th r e e o c c u p a tio n s
and in th o s e w ith a ra n g e in h ir in g r a t e s , a w id e ra n g e in e n tr y s a l a r i e s w as
fou n d .
A fe w o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts h ir in g at on e ra te f o r a ll r e c r u i t s in an
o c c u p a t io n had e n tr y r a te s f o r e n g in e e r s , c h e m i s t s , and m a th e m a t ic ia n s that
w e r e b e lo w $ 3 6 0 p e r m on th .
A t the o th e r e x t r e m e , e n tr y r a te s o f $ 5 4 0 and
o v e r w e r e fou n d f o r e n g in e e r s and c h e m is t s in a lim it e d n u m b e r o f c a s e s . T h e
m e d ia n e s ta b lis h m e n t e n tr a n c e s a la r y , u n d e r s in g le r a te p o l i c i e s , w a s $ 4 7 6 f o r
e n g in e e r s , $ 4 5 3 f o r c h e m i s t s , and $ 4 0 3 f o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s . 9 T h e m id d le 50 p e r
c e n t o f e s ta b lis h m e n t s in g le e n tr a n c e r a te s f e l l b e tw e e n $ 45 1 and $ 5 0 1 f o r e n
g i n e e r s , $ 4 0 8 and $ 4 9 3 f o r c h e m is t s , and $ 3 5 0 and $ 4 3 7 f o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s .
M in im u m m o n th ly e n tr a n c e s a l a r ie s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich p e r m it t e d a
ra n g e in r e c r u it m e n t r a t e s , sh o w e d a p p r o x im a t e ly the s a m e e x t r e m e s in the d i s
tr ib u tio n s f o r b oth e n g in e e r s and c h e m i s t s , w ith a fe w lo w s u n d e r $ 3 6 0 and a
fe w h ig h s o v e r $ 5 4 0 .
In the g r o u p o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith a ra n g e in e n tr a n c e
s a l a r ie s f o r m a t h e m a t ic ia n s , m in im u m m o n th ly s a l a r ie s v a r ie d f r o m a p p r o x i
m a t e ly $ 3 9 0 to o v e r $ 5 4 0 .
M ed ia n m in im u m m o n th ly r e c r u it m e n t r a te s in e s
ta b lis h m e n ts w ith a ra n g e in e n tr a n c e s a l a r ie s w e r e $ 4 7 8 f o r e n g in e e r s , $ 471
f o r c h e m is t s , and $ 5 0 0 f o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s .
O n e -h a lf o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts p e r m it t in g a ra n g e in e n tr a n c e r a te s had
lo w e s t m o n th ly e n tr a n c e s a l a r ie s f o r e n g in e e r s b e tw e e n $ 4 5 3 and $ 5 0 1 .
The
m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f the d is t r ib u t io n f o r c h e m is t s w as b e tw e e n $ 4 1 1 and $ 5 0 1 ,
and f o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s h a lf o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts had lo w e s t m o n th ly e n tr a n c e
s a l a r ie s o f $ 4 8 2 to $ 5 0 5 .
T h e a llo w a b le s p r e a d f r o m lo w e s t to h ig h e s t m o n th ly e n tr a n c e s a l a r y
w a s o b ta in e d f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith s u c h p o l i c i e s .
F o r a ll th r e e o c c u p a t io n s ,
the m e d ia n e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r e a d b e tw e e n th e lo w e s t and h ig h e s t m o n th ly r e c r u i t
m e n t r a te w a s b e tw e e n 11 and 12 p e r c e n t , w ith the a llo w a b le p e r c e n t a g e s p r e a d s
ra n g in g f r o m l e s s than 5 p e r c e n t to o v e r 25 p e r c e n t .
9
D i f f e r e n c e s in m e d ia n e s ta b lis h m e n t r a te s a m o n g th e s e o c c u p a t io n s ,
p a r t at le a s t , r e f l e c t d if f e r e n c e s in the m a n n e r in w h ich th e s e o c c u p a t io n s a r e
d is t r ib u t e d a m o n g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ie d .
A p p r o x im a t e ly f o u r - f i f t h s o f the
e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich had s in g le h ir in g r a te s f o r e n g in e e r s and w h ich a ls o h ir e d
c h e m is t s o r m a th e m a t ic ia n s a p p lie d the s a m e h ir in g ra te to th o s e r e c r u i t s .
5 6 9 4 3 6 0 - 60 - 3
in
12
A r e la t iv e ly la r g e p r o p o r t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s , in f a c t , f ix e d the m a x i
m u m o f the ra n g e at e it h e r 10 o r 11 p e r c e n t a b o v e the m in im u m .
A to ta l o f
21 p e r c e n t o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts h ir in g i n e x p e r ie n c e d e n g in e e r g r a d u a te s u n d e r
a ra n g e o f r a te s p o l i c y , 23 p e r c e n t o f th o s e h ir in g c h e m i s t s , and 51 p e r c e n t
h ir in g m a th e m a t ic ia n s a llo w e d the 10 o r 11 p e r c e n t s p r e a d .
A n a ly s is o f the
p e r c e n t a g e s p r e a d f o r in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s r e v e a le d n o g e n e r a l p a tte r n o f
r e la t io n s h ip o f th e a m ou n t o f p e r c e n t a g e s p r e a d to the l e v e l o f th e m in im u m
e n tr y s a la r y .
T h e c r i t e r i a u s e d in d e t e r m in in g a c tu a l h ir in g s a l a r ie s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts
p e r m it t in g a ra n g e in h ir in g r a te s w e r e p r o v id e d b y the s u r v e y e d e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
T h e tw o c r i t e r i a m o s t o fte n c o n s i d e r e d f o r e a c h o f the th r e e b e g in n in g p r o f e s
s io n a l o c c u p a t io n s w e r e " r e la t e d e x p e r ie n c e p r i o r to g r a d u a tio n " and " s c h o l a s t i c
sta n d in g . "
" M il it a r y s e r v i c e c o m p l e t e d " and " e v id e n c e o f l e a d e r s h ip " w e r e n e x t
in o c c u r r e n c e , a lth ou g h t h e ir ra n k w a s n ot the s a m e f o r a ll th r e e o c c u p a t io n s .
T h e s e f o u r m o s t c o m m o n ly c it e d c r i t e r i a w e r e o fte n fo u n d in the s a m e e s t a b
lis h m e n t.
In f a c t , n e a r ly a ll o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts u s in g " r e la t e d e x p e r ie n c e
p r i o r to g r a d u a tio n " f o r d e te r m in in g e n tr y s a l a r ie s f o r e n g in e e r s a ls o c o n s i d e r e d
" s c h o l a s t i c s t a n d in g ," " e v id e n c e o f l e a d e r s h i p ," and " m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e c o m p le t e d . "
O th e r c r i t e r i a u s e d in d e te r m in in g h ir in g s a l a r ie s and the p e r c e n t a g e s o f e s t a b
lis h m e n t s u s in g th e m f o r e a c h o f the th r e e o c c u p a t io n s a p p e a r in ta b le 8. L e s s
than o n e -t e n t h o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts c it e d o n ly on e c r i t e r i o n u s e d in d e te r m in in g r a te s
a b o v e th e m in im u m o f th e ra n g e and a lm o s t t w o -t h ir d s a p p lie d f o u r o r m o r e
c r i t e r i a . S lig h tly m o r e than h a lf o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith a ra n g e o f e n tr a n c e
s a l a r ie s u s e d e it h e r f o u r o r f iv e c r i t e r i a in ju d g in g the v a lu e o f a p p lic a n ts .
D e te r m in a tio n o f th e a m ou n t p a id b e g in n e r s v a r i e d f r o m p la c in g s p e c i f i c
d o ll a r a m ou n ts on e a c h c r i t e r i o n w ith a r e la t iv e ly p r e c i s e m e th o d o f a r r iv in g at
th e s ta r tin g s a l a r y to an in d ic a t io n b y e m p lo y e r s v a r io u s c r i t e r i a w e r e c o n s i d e r e d
in e s t a b lis h in g s a l a r y o f f e r s , but that d o ll a r a m ou n ts w e r e s u b je c t iv e d e t e r m i n a
tio n s b a s e d on the c r i t e r i a c o n s i d e r e d f o r e a c h in d iv id u a l h ir e d .
S u p p le m e n ta r y C a sh B on u s P la n s
E s t im a t e s w e r e p r e s e n t e d e a r l i e r in th is r e p o r t on the p r o p o r t io n s o f
e m p lo y e e s in e a c h jo b c a t e g o r y s tu d ie d (o t h e r than in c l e r i c a l and d r a ftin g jo b s )
th at r e c e i v e d c a s h b o n u s e s .
T h e in c id e n c e o f b o n u s p la n s on an e s t a b lis h m e n t
b a s i s , to g e t h e r w ith a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n b y ty p e o f b o n u s , w a s e s t a b lis h e d s e p a r a t e ly .
T h e e s t im a t e s p r e s e n t e d in ta b le 10 f o r e a c h o f 7 jo b g r o u p in g s , in c lu d in g th o s e
f o r c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s and d r a ft s m e n , a r e in t e r m s o f th e p r o p o r t i o n o f e s t a b
lis h m e n ts w ith e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b g r o u p that h ad c a s h b o n u s p la n s a p p lic a b le
to a ll o r a m a jo r i t y o f the e m p lo y e e s in the g r o u p . T h e m e a s u r e s u s e d in d e
v e lo p in g the e s t im a t e s in ta b le s 4 a n d 10 thus d i f f e r c o n c e p t u a lly .
It m a y b e
n o te d that in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s q u ite o b v io u s ly c o n tr ib u te d if fe r e n t ly to the
tw o s e p a r a t e ty p e s o f e s t im a t e s o f th e in c id e n c e o f b on u s p la n s .
B on u s p a y p la n s w e r e in e f f e c t in f r o m 31 p e r c e n t o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts
e m p lo y in g d r a ft s m e n to 48 p e r c e n t o f th o s e e m p lo y in g a c co u n ta n ts and a u d ito r s .
F o r the tw o l a r g e s t g r o u p s o f e m p lo y e e s , the c l e r i c a l and the e n g in e e r in g and
s c i e n t i f i c g r o u p , the p r o p o r t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith c a s h b on u s p la n s w as
39 and 41 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
T h e m o s t p r e v a le n t ty p e o f c a s h b on u s w as
a C h r is tm a s o r y e a r e n d p a y m e n t. T h e p r o p o r t i o n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts p a y in g that
ty p e o f b on u s w as 16 p e r c e n t f o r th o s e e m p lo y in g a tto r n e y s and ra n g e d f r o m 23
to 35 p e r c e n t o f the e s ta b lis h m e n ts a m o n g the o t h e r s i x o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s .
P r o f i t - s h a r i n g p la n s , p r o v id in g f o r at l e a s t ann u al c a s h p a y m e n t s , a p p lie d to
c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s in 4 p e r c e n t o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts and to 10 p e r c e n t f o r the
e n g in e e r in g and s c i e n t i f i c g r o u p .
" O t h e r " ty p e s o f b on u s p la n s , w h ich in c lu d e d
c o m b in a tio n p la n s , a p p lie d in the l a r g e s t p r o p o r t i o n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a tto r n e y s
(1 4 p e r c e n t ) .
E x a m p le s o f th e s e ty p e s o f p la n s w e r e m a n a g e m e n t in c e n t iv e b o
n u s e s , C h r is tm a s and p r o f i t - s h a r i n g b o n u s e s , and le n g th o f s e r v i c e b o n u s e s .
13
Chart 1. Salaries in Professional and Technical Occupations
Winter 1959-60
M e d ia n
O c c u p a tio n
and
C la s s
Attorneys
Directors, Research
and Development
Chemists
Mathematicians
Engineers
Draftsmen, Leader
Senior
Junior
Tracers
Accountants
Auditors
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
BUREAUOF LABORSTATISTICS
LABOR
0
W e e k ly
50
S a la r ie s
100
150
and
M id d le
200
R anges
250
W it h in
300
W h ic h
350
O n e -H a lf o f E m p lo y e e s
400
450
500
F e ll
$550
14
Chart 2. Salaries in Administrative and Clerical Occupations
Winter 1959-60
M e d ia n
O
O c c u p a tio n
and
C la s s
Directors of Personnel
DT
m
Employment Managers
n
I
DT
HI
n
I
DT
m
Job Analysts
n
I
JS
Managers, Office
Services
jq
n
I
Supervisors, Payroll
Supervisors, TabulatingMachine Unit
Tabulating-Machine
Operators
Supervisors, Keypunch
jj
j
jjj
jj
I
g
I
Keypunch Operators
Clerks, Accounting
n
Bookkee ping-Machine
Operators
i.
^
Stenographers, Technical
Stenographers, General
Typists
Switchboard
Switchboard
Clerks, File
Office Boys
H
I
Operators, Special
Operators
n
I
and Girls
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
BUREAUOF LABORSTATISTICS
LABOR
W e e k ly
50
S a la r ie s
100
and
150
M id d le
R anges
200
W ith in
250
W h ich
3 00
O n e -H a lf o f
350
400
E m p lo y e e s
450
F e ll
$500
15
Table 1.
Em ploym ent, average weekly hours, and average weekly sala ries fo r selected
p rofession a l and adm inistrative occupations, winter 1959—60
Number of
em ployees
Occupation and cla ss
(See descrip tion s in appendix B)
A verage
weekly
hours 2
(standard)
A verag e weekly
sala ries 2 (standard)
Middle range 3
Mean
Median
F irst
quartile
T hird
quartile
Accountants and A uditors
1 ____ _
___ __ _
II __ - — ___________ —
III__ ____ — __ __ ____ .
I V ________ __
__ ____ .
V ___________________________
13, 684
18,495
14,913
6,419
2,417
39.5
39.5
39.5
39. 5
39. 0
$112
132
159
189
231
$110
129
155
185
228
$102
118
136
162
193
$122
143
178
208
259
I
„
_
I I ______________________________
III __ __ __ ____ _____ _ ____
I V __ __ — ____ __ ____ __ .
836
4, 110
4, 343
2, 006
38. 5
38. 5
39. 0
39. 0
96
116
147
179
93
113
143
174
85
101
127
154
104
130
165
198
427
1,434
2,913
1, 326
555
559
39.
38.
38.
39.
38.
38.
0
5
5
0
0
5
115
140
192
255
387
442
106
136
181
246
362
403
91
120
150
202
298
341
137
158
223
296
464
536
_
3,902
6, 121
8,454
5,657
3,402
1,481
40. 0
40. 0
39.5
40. 0
39.5
39. 5
106
124
149
182
211
263
105
122
148
179
208
249
97
110
132
161
188
234
114
135
165
198
236
288
I
_ ------- _ __
------- _
II ___ _______________________
in
__________ ________ ___
I V ___ — __ ________ ___ __ _
V
.... _ ------------- __ _
VI ------------- ------------------- — _
19, 276
43, 145
75,956
63,535
32,132
12,705
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
39.5
122
139
161
189
223
272
123
137
160
187
218
264
115
127
146
170
197
235
130
150
176
206
245
302
I _____ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _
I I _________________ __ _
i n ___ _________
I V ________ ___ __
V ____
_
__ _
V I ______________________
V I I ___ ________ __ __ _
389
67 9
714
510
351
174
85
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
39. 5
39.5
39. 0
39. 0
111
130
153
175
226
272
289
110
127
150
172
233
257
269
98
116
137
156
203
232
238
122
141
167
191
253
300
346
D ire cto rs, re s e a rch and develop m en t__
1, 148
40. 0
349
344
286
395
39.
39.
39.
39.
0
0
5
5
114
128
142
180
106
127
140
179
99
113
126
161
123
143
160
199
Accountants
Accountants
Accountants
Accountants
Accountants
A uditors
A uditors
A uditors
Auditor s
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
A ttorneys
I
_ - ____________
____
I I _________ ____________________
111
_ ________
--------I V ______ _______ _ _ __ _
V
_____________ __
_____
VI _ __ __
E ngineers and Scientists
C hem ists
C hem ists
C hem ists
C hem ists
C hem ists
C hem ists
I __ _ ____
.. .
II __ __ __ __
__ __ __
III
. ____
___
_ _
IV — ____ ___ ____________
V
____ _____
______ _ _
V I ______
__ _
________
E ngineers
E ngineers
E ngineers
E ngineers
E ngineers
E neineers
M athem aticians
M athem aticians
Mathem aticians
Mathem aticians
Mathem aticians
Mathem aticians
M athem aticians
.
.
.
P erson n el Management
Job
Job
Job
Job
analysts
analysts
analysts
analysts
I ________ ____ __________
II __________________________
III _______ __ __ __ _______
IV __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __
203
57 0
87 0
603
Em ploym ent
Em ploym ent
Em ploym ent
Em ploym ent
m anagers
m anagers
m anagers
m anagers
I ________________
II ______ _ __ _
I I I __ ________
I V ___ __________
2,355
1, 568
671
115
40. 0
40. 0
39.5
39.5
128
151
175
224
•125
151
169
212
108
128
151
192
149
168
193
253
D ire c to r s
D ire c to r s
D irectors
D ire c to r s
personnel
personnel
personnel
personnel
I ------------------------I I -----------------------III ______________
I V ___ __ _______
1, 045
4, 155
877
554
39.5
40. 0
39. 5
39- 0
152
182
252
302
149
179
243
281
130
156
206
237
168
2 05
302
361
I ___________
II ___________
III ------------ _
I V ___________
819
539
375
102
39.5
39.5
39. 5
39. 0
139
154
180
218
140
146
179
213
123
129
148
169
151
181
2 06
264
S up ervisors, keypunch I _______________
S u p ervisors, keypunch E
------- ------- _
S u p ervisors, pa yroll _
2, 074
1, 018
of
of
of
of
C le rica l Supervisory
M anagers,
M anagers,
M anagers,
M anagers,
office
office
office
office
s e rv ice s
s e rv ice s
s e rv ice s
s e rv ice s
S up ervisors, tabulating-m achine
unit I ___________ _______________ _______
S u p ervisors, tabulating-m achine
unit I I _____ __ __ __ __ _ — _______
39. 0
39.5
93
114
102
124
39. 5
135
93
115
131
83
100
3, 847
117
151
5, 306
39. 5
114
115
101
130
6,208
39. 0
140
138
121
157
1 F or scope of study, see table in appendix A.
2 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees re ceiv e their regular straight-tim e sala ries and the standard
sala ries corresp on d to these w eekly hou rs. S alaries rep orted on an annual o r monthly b asis were converted to weekly sala ries
by dividing by fa ctors 52. 1 or 4. 33, resp ectiv ely .
3 The m iddle (interquartile) range is the central part of the a rra y o f em ployees by salary, excluding the upper and
low er fourths.
16
Table 2,
Em ploym ent, average weekly hours, and average weekly sala ries fo r selected
techn ical and c le r ic a l o cc u p a tio n s ,1 winter 1959-60
Occupation and cla ss
(See d escrip tion s in appendix B)
Num ber of
em ployees
Ave rage
weekly
hours 2
(standard)
A verage ^eeiely
salaries'* (standard)
Mean
Middle range 3
Median
F irst
quartile
T hird
quartile
Draftsm en
Draftsm en, junior ________ ______________
Draftsm en, s e n i o r _____ __
____ __
D raftsm en, lea d er _ __ ____ __ ________
T r a c e r s ____________ — __ ____ „ __ __
27,937
50,247
8, 844
3, 668
40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
39.5
$ 90.
120.
146.
72.
00
00
00
50
40,743
10, 247
72,692
51, 366
47,9 00
15,035
49, 181
30,402
111,769
8, 700
20, 544
1,277
10, 912
19,751
9, 083
84,893
48, 823
39. 0
39. 0
39. 0
39. 0
38.5
38.5
39. 0
38.5
39. 0
39.5
39. 0
39.5
38.5
39. 0
39. 0
39. 0
39. 0
61. 50
75. 00
69. 50
93. 00
55.50
70. 50
70. 00
57. 00
75. 00
84. 50
71. 50
78. 50
70. 50
84. 50
101. 50
60. 50
72. 00
$ 8 9 .0 0
118.00
144.00
70. 00
$79.
105.
126.
63.
00
00
00
00
$101. 00
134.00
164.00
81. 00
53.
65.
58.
79.
48.
60.
60.
49.
64.
77.
62.
71.
61.
75.
91.
53.
63.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
69. 00
86. 00
79. 00
106.00
62. 00
80. 00
80. 00
63. 00
85. 00
91. 00
83. 00
89. 00
80. 00
96. 00
112.00
67. 00
81. 00
C le r ica l
B ookkeeping-m achine op era tors I _______
B ookkeeping-m achine op era tors I I ______
C lerk s, accounting I ____________________
C lerk s, accounting II ________________
C lerk s, file I ______________ __ ________
C lerk s, file I I ____________ ______________
Keypunch op era tors _____________________
O ffice boys o r g i r l s __ __ __ __ ____ „
Stenographers, general
________ ____
Stenographer s, t e c h n ic a l ________________
Switchboard op era tors __ __ ____ __ __
Switchboard op era tors, s p e c i a l _________
Tabulating-m achine op era tors I _________
Tabulating-m achine op era tors I I ________
Tabulating-m achine op era tors I I I _______
T ypists I ___ ___________ ____ __ _ __
T y p is t. II
60.
75.
68.
92.
54.
69.
69.
55.
74.
84.
72.
77.
70.
85.
101.
60.
71.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1 F or scope of study see table in appendix A.
2 See footnote 2, table 1.
3 See footnote 3, table 1.
Table 3.
A verage annual and monthly s a la r ie s 1 fo r em ployees in selected
techn ical and c le r ic a l occupations, 2 winter 1959—60
Occupation and cla ss
(See d escrip tion s in appendix B )
A verage s a la r ie s 1
Annual
Monthly
Draftsm en
D raftsm en, j u n i o r ______ __ __ __ ____
D raftsm en, s e n i o r _______________________
D raftsm en, lea der _ __ __ ______________
T r a c e r s _______________ ______ ____ ___„____
$ 4 ,6 9 8
6,252
7, 597
3 ,788
$390
520
631
315
3,210
3, 902
3, 620
4, 851
2, 896
3, 683
3, 655
2, 966
3, 898
4 ,4 1 3
3, 734
4, 078
3, 679
4, 415
5, 277
3, 145
3,751
267
324
301
403
241
306
304
246
324
367
310
339
306
367
439
261
312
C le r ica l
B ookkeeping-m achine op era tors I _ __ _
B ookkeeping-m achine op era tors I I ______
C lerk s, accounting I _____________________
C lerk s, accounting II ___________________ _
C lerk s, file I ____________ _______ ____
C lerk s, file I I __________________________ _
Keypunch o p e r a t o r s _____ ___________ __
O ffice boys or g i r l s ______ ___ . __
Stenographers, general
_______
Stenographers, technical ________________
Switchboard o p e r a t o r s __________________ _
Switchboard op era tors, special __ __ __
Tabulating-m achine op era tors I ________
Tabulating-m achine op era tors II ________
Tabulating-m achine op era tors I I I _______
T ypists I _________________________ ____ ___
Typists II
1 A verage w eekly sala ries as shown in tables 1 and 2 w ere derived by d i
viding those rep orted on an annual or monthly basis by fa cto rs 52. 1 or 4. 33, r e
spectively.
The weekly averages were m ultiplied by the same fa cto rs to obtain
annual and m onthly a vera g es.
2 F or scope of study, see table in appendix A .
17
T a b le
4.
A vera g e
s a la r ie s
and
s a la r ie s
p lu s
p r o fe s s io n a l a n d a d m in is t r a t iv e
cash
A vera g e
O c c u p a tio n
(S e e
and
d e s c r ip tio n s
in
bon u ses
fo r
e m p lo y e e s
o c c u p a t io n s ,1 w in te r
in
s e le c te d
1 9 5 9 —6 0
i
s a la r ie s 2
P ercen t added
c la s s
to
W eeH y
a p p e n d ix
B )
A nnual
M o n t h ly
p lu s
W e e k ly
A ccou n ta n ts
_
_
___
__
______
___
_
__
A c c o u n t a n t s I I I __
__________________________
__
__
A c c o u n ta n ts IV
__
___
__
_
___
___
____________
A u d ito r s
V
I
__
__
e m p lo y e e s
ca sh b on u ses
a n d A u d ito r s
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
A c c o u n t a n t s I I ___
A ccou n ta n ts
P e r c e n t o£
r e c e iv in g
cash
bon u ses 3
b on u ses 3
A ccou n ta n ts I
s a la r ie s
by
cash
____________
_
_
_
___
__
__
__
__
$
5, 845
$ 486
$112
$113
1 .0
6 ,9 0 3
574
132
134
1 .4
35
8, 302
690
159
164
3. 0
39
9, 858
189
196
3. 5
32
1 2 ,0 3 1
819
1, 0 0 0
231
238
3. 1
22
4 ,9 8 0
25
1 .4
___________
_______
__
414
96
__
_
_______
__
6, 062
504
116
117
1 .2
32
__
__
__
__
7, 648
636
147
151
2 .7
30
__
__
__
9, 307
774
179
182
1. 9
29
5, 978
497
.4
36
__
__
__
7,299
607
140
141
.6
20
A t t o r n e y s I I I ____________________________________________
9 ,9 8 0
829
192
194
1 .2
29
260
A u d i t o r s I I ___
_ _ _ _ _
A u d ito r s
__
__
_
__
__
__
__
__
_______
__
III
__
A u d it o r s IV —
97
35
A ttorn ey s
A ttorn ey s I _
A ttorn ey s
I I __
A ttorn ey s
IV
A ttorn ey s
V
A ttorn ey s
VI _
________________
_
__
_
__
__
__
__
13, 297
_______ ______________________ ______________ _
__
_______
E n g in e e r s
C h e m is ts
___
_
__
I
___
__
_______
and
____________
C h e m is ts
I I _______
_
III
____________
__
__
__
__
____________
2. 1
25
2 0 , 173
1 ,6 7 7
387
394
1. 8
19
23, 020
1, 9 1 3
1, 1 0 5
442
255
460
3 .6
19
__
5, 529
6 ,4 4 7
460
106
107
536
124
126
1. 9
__
7, 763
645
149
152
1. 8
9 ,4 9 6
186
2. 3
31
10, 993
789
914
182
_________________
211
218
3 .4
38
1 3 ,6 9 6
1, 1 3 8
263
276
4. 8
43
_ _ _ _ _
__
__
_______
C h e m i s t s I V __
__
__
C h e m is ts
V ___
__
_________________
C h e m is ts
V I
E n g in e e r s I
__
S c ie n t is t s
C h e m is ts
_
__
116
115
_______
__
__
__
____________________________________________
. 5
19
41
37
______________________________________________
6, 371
529
122
123
.4
____________________________________________
7 ,2 4 1
602
.6
17
8 ,4 1 1
699
139
161
140
I I I ___________________________________________
162
. 8
16
E n g in e e r s II
E n g in e e r s
E n g in e e r s
IV _
___
_
E n g in e e r s
V __
__
____
E n g in e e r s
VI _
______
_______
__
_______
_______
820
16
966
189
223
191
227
19
__
9, 868
1 1 ,6 2 0
1. 0
__
1. 8
22
____________
__
1 4 ,1 9 3
1, 1 8 0
272
281
3 .2
25
M a t h e m a t i c i a n s I _____________________________________
5, 786
481
111
111
.2
11
M a t h e m a t i c i a n s I I ____________________________________
6, 760
562
130
131
.4
14
7, 992
664
153
153
____
_
i n ___
M a t h e m a tic ia n s
____________
___
__
__
______
__
_______
____________
__
M a t h e m a t i c i a n s I V __
__
11
__
9, 115
758
175
176
__
__
1 1 ,7 8 8
980
226
251
10. 9
50
14, 193
1, 1 8 0
272
288
5 .7
24
M a t h e m a t i c i a n s V I I ______________________ _________ _
1 5 ,0 5 4
1 ,2 5 1
289
295
2. 0
22
D ir e c t o r s ,
18, 189
1, 5 1 2
349
380
8 .7
35
5 ,9 4 6
M a th e m a tic ia n s V I
.
rese a rch
__
. 3
__
M a th e m a tic ia n s V
.
a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ____
.6
17
P erson n el M anagem ent
Job
a n a ly s t s I
__
Job
a n a ly s ts
II
Job
a n a ly s t s
III
_ _ _ _ _
Job
a n a ly s t s
I V _________________________________________
_
__
_
___
E m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r s
I
E m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r s
II
_______
_________
_
__
__
_
__
__
__
__
E m p l o y m e n t m a n a g e r s I I I ______________________
E m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r s IV
_
_
_
114
115
. 5
556
128
129
.9
16
614
142
143
. 8
23
9, 354
777
180
181
6, 668
554
128
131
2. 3
45
7, 841
652
757
151
175
154
2. 0
2. 1
27
971
224
9, H O
11, 680
D ir e c to r s
of p erson n el I
152
156
D ir e c to r s
o f p e r s o n n e l II
9 ,4 8 4
788
182
o f p e r s o n n e l I I I ___ ______________ ____
1 3 , 141
1, 0 9 2
252
o f p e r s o n n e l IV
1 5 ,7 4 7
1, 3 0 9
302
189
265
328
603
139
154
_______
__
7 ,9 2 1
__
658
17
.6
179
226
D ir e c to r s
D ir e c to r s
__
494
6, 690
7, 388
19
19
14
.9
2. 5
4. 1
42
5 .2
8 .7
42
39
38
142
2 .2
156
1. 0
49
18
2
C le r ic a l S u p e r v is o r y
M an agers,
o ffic e
s e r v ic e s
M an agers,
o ffic e
s e r v ic e s
I I ___
8, 042
668
M an agers,
o ffic e
s e r v ic e s
III
I
________________ _
9 ,3 9 9
781
180
184
M an agers,
o ffic e
s e r v ic e s
IV
11, 356
944
218
219
4, 826
401
93
94
5, 951
495
114
115
. 9
21
7 , 051
586
135
137
1. 3
30
116
1 .4
31
142
1 .6
38
S u p e r v is o r s ,
k eypu n ch I
S u p e r v is o r s ,
keypu n ch
S u p e r v is o r s ,
p a y r o l l __________
S u p e r v is o r s ,
t a b u la t in g -m a c h in e
u n i t I _____ ___
__
S u p e r v is o r s ,
u n it
7, 251
__
_
__
____________
__
__
__
__
5, 956
495
114
____________
7 ,2 7 1
604
140
.0
39
. 3
19
1 .4
32
ta b u la t in g -m a c h in e
I I _______
__________________________
1
F or
2
See
3
A d ju s t e d
w ere not
com p u ted
__
_________________________
II
_______
__
scop e
of
fo o tn o te
to
stu d y , s e e
1,
in c lu d e
a v a ila b le , b y
fr o m
w e e k ly
t a b le
ta b le
in
a p p e n d ix
A .
3.
s m a ll
a s s u m in g
a v era g es
p r o p o r tio n
o f e m p lo y e e s
th e ir a v e r a g e b o n u s e s
b e fo r e r o u n d in g .
w ho
e q u a le d
r e c e iv e d
th o se
fo r
cash
bon u ses
w h om
su ch
but
d a ta
fo r
w hom
w ere
d a ta
on
a v a ila b le .
am ount of
bon u ses
P ercen ta g es
w ere
18
T a b le
5.
P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n
o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in
o c c u p a tio n s
2 by
s e le c te d
average
p r o fe s s io n a l,
w e e k ly
s a la r ie s ,
a d m in is tr a tiv e ,
w in te r
te c h n ic a l,
A ccou n ta n ts
A verage
w e e k ly
$75
$75
A u d it o r s
s a la r ie s
I
U nder
III
II
V
IV
I
$80
„
_______
__
____
$80
and u n der
$ 8 5 ___________________________________
$85
and u n der
$90
____
$90
and under
$95
-----------
$95
and u n der
$ 1 0 0 --------------------------------------------------
_____
$100
a n d v o id e r
$ 105.
-------
$105
and u n der
$ 1 10_
____
_____________
-----------
----------
-----------
_
_
II
_
_
_
_
.
4 .3
(2 .1 )
-
.
_
-
2. 7
-
.
-
_
1 5 .9
1 4 .2
5. 8
(0 .9 )
1 .7
-
-
_
-
-
-
9 .0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
14. 6
1 .2
_
1 3 .8
8. 5
1 .4
-
1 3 .3
4. 3
(1 .5 )
_
_
7 .4
1 0 .2
_______
16. 5
5 .2
1 .3
-
_
5 .3
1 1 .1
2 .9
3 .2
1 0 .9
7. 7
4. 5
-
4. 2
(1 .2 )
and u n der
$ 1 1 5 _______________________________
12. 3
1 .2
_
_
3 .0
and u n der
$ 1 2 0 .........................................................
9 .8
1 2 .8
3 .5
_
_
5 .0
$120
and
$125—
$125
and u n der
$ 130.
$130
_
__
4. 1
_
8 .4
1 1 .9
3. 3
-
-
3 .9
6 .6
4. 1
1. 6
__
_
7. 7
1 0 .4
5 .0
(1 .5 )
_
1 .4
6 .4
7. 5
2. 1
2 .3
4. 6
7 .4
3. 5
5. 7
9 .6
2 .7
3. 8
3 .4
4 .6
5 .9
6 .3
_
3. 6
12. 7
2 .0
8 .0
1 2 .4
9 .0
1 3 .0
-
and u n der
$ 1 3 5 ------------------------------------------------
4. 1
10. 1
7 .2
1 .3
$135
and u n der
$ 1 4 0 ------------------------------------------------
3 .1
10. 9
7. 5
$140
and u n der
$145
2 .5
5 .2
7 .3
1 .9
2. 3
$145
a n d v o id e r
$150_
.9
4 .6
5. 1
2 .4
.3
$150
and
under
$160_
1. 1
6 .8
14. 9
12. 7
2 .7
$160
and
under
$ 1 7 0 _______________________________
(.9 )
4. 3
9 -3
1 2 .2
4. 5
_
$170
a n d v o id e r
$ 1 8 0 .
1 0 .0
1 0 .5
6. 3
-
$180
and u n der
$ 1 9 0 .
.
$190
and unde r
$ 2 0 0 _______________________________
5 .9
8. 1
$200
and u n der
$ 2 1 0 _______________________________
_
$210
a n d v o id e r
$220_
$220
a n d v o id e r
$ 2 3 0 .
—
____
3 .0
.
__
_
-------
_____
_
_
__
$110
__
IV
(1 .1 )
4 .9
7 .8
$115
under
in
6. 3
_______________________________________________
and u n der
a n d c l e r i c ad
1 9 5 9 —6 0
____
__
_
_
_
(
10
.
)
1 .6
-
1 .6
6. 7
10. 5
-
1. 1
4. 5
1 2 .3
(1 .2 )
_
4 .2
9 .5
6 .1
_
2 .7
6. 6
-
.
2 .0
2 .4
8 .9
6. 1
$230
and u n der
$ 2 4 0 _______________________________
-
-
1 ,2
4 .3
9 .8
$240
a n d v o id e r
$ 2 5 0 ------------------------------------------------
-
-
(1 -8 )
2 .4
5 .0
$250
a n d v o id e r
$ 2 60
_
_
_
2. 1
9 .6
2 .4
(.1 )
_
~
(.7 )
-
6. 5
11. 1
3. 7
8. 3
-
3. 6
11. 7
_
1. 8
5. 5
-
. 5
3. 5
-
. 1
2 .8
-
2 .3
-
-
3 .4
_
4 .8
_
-
1 .7
3 .8
-
-
-
(2 .6 )
-
$270
and u nder
$280
-
-
4. 1
-
-
1 .3
3. 7
-
_
$ 2 9 0 _______________________________
-
-
and
_
.4
$280
_
-
$290
and under
$300
-
-
-
(1 .7 )
.9
-
-
-
-
$300
and u n der
$ 3 1 0 .
___
_
_
_
_
5. 6
_
_
>
_
$310
and u n der
$ 3 2 0 ------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
.
1 .1
-
-
-
-
$320
and u n der
$ 3 3 0 .
_
-
-
-
.
. 7
-
-
-
-
$ 2 60 a n d v o id e r
under
____
$ 2 7 0 -----------------------------------------------__
-------
------____
___
_
___
_
_______
_
$330
a n d v o id e r
$ 3 4 0 _______________________________
-
-
-
-
. 6
-
-
-
-
$340
and u n der
$ 3 5 0 ------------------------------------------------
-
"
-
-
. 5
-
-
-
-
$350
a n d v o id e r
$ 3 6 0 ------------------------------------------------
_
_
_
_
1 .3
_
_
_
_
$ 3 60
$370
a n d u n d e r $ 3 7 0 _______________________________
and o v e r
____
__ „
____
-
-
-
-
(1 .7 )
-
-
-
-
T ota l
_
----------
_
_
---------
N u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s ____ ________________________ _
A vera g e
S ee
w e e k ly
s a la r ie s
fo o tn o te s
at
end
____
o f
___
ta b le .
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100. 0
1 3 ,6 8 4
1 8 ,4 9 5
1 4 ,9 1 3
6 ,4 1 9
2 ,4 1 7
836
4 , 110
4 , 343
2, 006
$112
$132
$231
$96
$116
$147
$179
$159
$189
19
T a b le
5.
P ercen t
d is tr ib u tio n
te c h n ic a l,
and
o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in
c le r ic a l
o c c u p a tio n s
w in te r
s e le c t e d
a b y
p r o fe s s io n a l,
a v era g e
w e e k ly
a d m in is tr a tiv e ,
s a la r ie s ,
1 9 5 9 — 6 0 — —C o n t i n u e d
A tto rn e y s
A v era g e
w e e k ly
s a la r ie s
I
II
IV
III
1 5 .0
$80
and
u n der
$85
---------------------------------------------------
$85
and
under
$90
---------------------------------------------------
8. 0
-
-
-
$90
and
under
$95
---------------------------------------------------
9 .4
-
-
-
$95
and
under
$100
-------------------------------------------------
8 .4
5 .9
-
-
$ 1 0 5 ........................................................
8 .4
7. 5
_
_
5. 5
-
-
1 .8
(0 .4 )
-
$ 100
and
under
$105
and
under
$ 110
and u n der
$110
-----------------------------------------------
4 .2
$115
-----------------------------------------------
.5
$115
and
un der
$120
...................................................
3 .3
4. 0
2 .3
$120
and
un der
$ 1 2 5 ........................................................
1 1 .5
10. 0
2 .2
-
$125
and u n d er
$ 1 3 0 -----------------------------------------------
2 .3
3 .3
1 .3
_
$130
and u n d er
$135
-----------------------------------------------
1 .6
10. 3
and u n d er
$140
-------------------------------------------
5 .9
5 .9
3. 8
-
$135
-
-
$140
and
un der
$145
-----------------------------------------------
5 .9
3. 7
6. 3
7. 1
$145
and
un der
$150
-----------------------------------------------
. 5
5 .2
1 .8
-
$ 150
and u n d er
$ 1 6 0 -----------------------------------------------
1 2 .4
1 1 .3
7 .3
(1 .2 )
$160
and u n der
7 .3
8. 1
4 .3
6. 1
9. 1
6 .3
1
...............................................
$180
-----------------------------------------------
$
$ 1 70 and u n d er
70
1 .9
. 5
$180
and u n d er
$ 1 9 0 -----------------------------------------------
1 .2
4 .0
7. 7
4. 8
$ 190
and u n d er
$200
1 .2
2 .9
4 .6
7. 8
$200
3. 3
-----------------------------------------------
and u n d er
$210
(2 .7 )
5 .3
$210
and u n d er
$220
...............................................
6. 7
5. 8
$220
and u n d er
$230
-----------------------------------------------
-
-
4 .4
3 .9
$230
and u n der
$240
-------------------------------------------
-
-
4. 5
9 .9
$240
and u n d er
$250
-----------------------------------------------
"
-
3 .2
4 .9
$250
and un der
$260
-----------------------------------------------
_
_
4. 7
6 .0
$260
and u n d er
$ 2 70
-----------------------------------------------
-
-
1 .0
4. 6
---------------------------------------
(.2 )
$280
---------------------------------------
-
-
1 .2
$280
and
under
$290
........................................................
-
-
2 .0
8. 7
$290
and u n d er
$300
---------------------------------------
-
.4
2 . 0
1 .4
2 . 7
$2 70 an d u n d er
2. 4
$300
and u n d er
$310
-------------------------------------------
_
_
$310
and u n der
$320
...............................................
-
-
$320
and un der
$330
-------------------------------------
-
-
$330
and u n d er
$340
-----------------------------------------------
-
-
1 .0
3 .0
$340
and u n d er
$350
........................................ ...........
-
-
(1 .8 )
2 . 5
$350
and u n d er
$360
- ...............................................
_
_
_
1. 7
$360
and
-
2 .9
-
1. 1
-
.2
"
.2
_
1 .0
un der
$370
-----------------------------------------------
-
$ 3 70 an d u n d e r
$380
-------------------------------------------
-
$380
and u n d er
$390
-----------------------------------------------
-
-
$390
and u n d er
$400
-----------------------------------------------
-
-
$400
and
u n der
$410
-------------------------------------------
_
$410
and
ov er
_
-
T o t a l ---------
100. 0
— ---------------------------------------
42 7
1 ,4 3 4
2 ,9 1 3
1 ,3 2 6
s a l a r i e s --------------------------------------
$115
$140
w e e k ly
(2 .2 )
100. 0
o f e m p lo y e e s
fo o tn o te s
0
_
3. 6
3. 1
1 0 0 .0
N u m ber
S ee
. 1
100. 0
A v era g e
569436
_
. 7
- 60 - 4
at end
o f ta b le .
$192
$255
20
T a b le
5.
P e rce n t
d is tr ib u tio n
t e c h n ic a l,
o f e m p lo y e e s 1 in
a n d c le r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s
w in t e r
1 9 5 9 —60 —
s e le c te d
2 by
p r o fe s s io n a l,
a vera g e
w e e k ly
a d m in is tr a tiv e
s a la r ie s ,
C o n tin u e d
A ttorn ey s
A v era g e
w e e k ly
s a la r ie s
VI
V
$190
and u n der
$200
$200
and
u n der
$ 2 1 0 ______________________________________—
----------------------------------
--------------------
3. 8
1 .8
-
1. 1
.
$210
and
u n der
$220
____________________________________ ___
$220
and
under
$230
________________________
$230
and
under
$240
____________________________ _____ ______
$240
and
un der
$250
------------------------------------------------
$250
and
under
$260
____________
$260
and
u n der
$270
----------------------------------------------------------- --
7. 6
$270
and u n d er
$280
--------------------------------------------------------------
4. 5
_________
---------
_________________________
$280
and u n der
$290
$290
and
$300
------------------------------------------------
un der
.4
________________________________________
1 .1
. 7
1 .8
. 7
2 .2
$300
and
under
$310
________________________________________
$310
and u n der
$320
________________________________________
. 5
$320
and
$330
-------------------- -------------------------------------—
4. 3
u n der
2 .2
.
(1 3 .4 )
.9
.
5 .0
.9
.5
4. 1
.
$330
and u n der
$340
_______________________________________ _
7 .2
-
$340
and
under
$350
--------------------------------------------------------------
4 .3
2. 7
$350
and
u n der
$360
--------------------------------------------------------------
$360
and
u n der
$370
----------------------------------------------------------
$370
and u n d er
$380
________________________________________
1 .8
1 .8
$380
and u n der
$390
__________________________________ ______
4 .0
1 7 .2
$390
and
un der
$400
______________
2. 5
2 .0
$400
and u n der
$410
1 .3
2. 1
$410
and
$420
u n der
_______
__
____
------------------------ -----------------------_____________________________
—
________
5 .0
4. 7
. 7
.9
-
$420
and u n der
$430
_______________________________________
4. 1
-
$430
and
under
$440
_______________________________________
2. 5
2 .3
$440
and u n der
$450
________________________________________
1 .1
3 .8
$450
and
under
$460
________________________________________
$460
and
under
$470
________________________________________
.9
5 .2
1 .8
.5
$470
and
u n der
$480
________________________________________
2 .3
2 .3
$480
and
tin d e r
$490
--------------------------------------------------------------
2 .0
8. 1
$490
and
under
$500
________________________________________
5. 0
1 .3
$500
and
u n der
$510
____________________________________
$510
and
u n der
$520
and
under
$530
and
$540
$550
_
_
.4
$520
________________________________________
.4
-
$530
________________________________________
.2
1 .8
under
$540
----------------------------------------------------------
2
3 .2
and
u n der
$550
________________________________________
-
and
u n der
$560
--------------------------------------------------------------
_
2 .0
$560
and
tin d e r
$570
-------------------------------------------------------------
. 4
.2
-
$570
and
u n der
$580
______________________________________
. 5
8 .4
$580
and
tin d e r
$590
________________________________________
. 2
-
$590
a n d tin d e r
$600
________________________________________
1 .8
$600
and
tin d e r
$610
________________________________________
$610
and
o v e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. 3
(4 . 3)
100. 0
N u m ber
o f e m p l o y e e s ------------------------------------------------------------
A v era g e
S ee
w e e k ly
s a la r ie s
fo o tn o te s
at
__________________________________
end
o f
ta b le
.2
2 .1
(1 0 .6 )
1 0 0 .0
555
559
$387
$442
21
T a b le
5.
P ercen t
d is t r ib u t io n
o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in
o c c u p a tio n s 2 b y a v e r a g e
s e le c te d
w e e k ly
p r o fe s s io n a l,
s a la r ie s ,
w in te r
a d m in is tr a tiv e ,
1 9 5 9 —6 0 —
t e c h n ic a l,
and
c le r ic a l
C o n tin u e d
E ng in ee rs
C h e m i st s
A v e r a g e we e kl y s a l a r i e s
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
and
and
and
and
and
under
u nde r
u nder
u nde r
under
I
II
$ 8 0 ------------- v„ r_________ ____
$85
-------$90
$95
.........
... _
$100
-----... .
0.2
4.0
4 .0
13 .5
9.1
(1.0)
8.9
6.3
9.1
6.9
12.7
12 .5
$100
$105
$110
$115
$120
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 0 5 ^rrnr. llnr ^
$ 1 1 0 ----- --------------------$ 1 1 5 ___________
$120
.....................
$125
19.4
13 .8
13.5
7.9
5.6
$125
$130
$135
$140
$145
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$130
$135
$140
$145
$150
3 .0
2.8
1.8
(1.3)
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$160
$170
$180
$190
$200
$200
$210
$220
$230
$240
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$210
$220
$230
$240
$250
$250
$260
$270
$280
$290
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$260
.
$ 2 7 0 ______________________
$280
$ 2 9 0 ______________________
$300
$300
$310
$320
$330
$340
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
___
$310
$320
.... .
$ 3 3 0 ______________________
$340
$ 3 5 0 ...... ............
$350
$360
$370
$380
$390
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
ove r
$360
_
_ _
$ 3 7 0 ______________________
$380
$390
T o t a l __
___ _____ _
... T ril,
_ ___ _
_,,riI.........„ r
___ ___ ___ __________
_
__
____
.
.... .
.
__
_
_____
_
A v e r a g e w ee kl y s a l a r i e s
fo o tn o te s
at
end
of
ta b le .
....
IV
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
(2.7)
2.1
3.2
4.8
5.2
_
(0.7)
V
-
_
9 .3
7 .8
6.5
4 .3
4.3
5.4
5.0
10.6
7.1
7.1
1.4
.3
3.1
3.4
3 .0
_
_
(4.5)
6.6
2 .6
14.9
13.0
7 .8
5 .0
2.5
11.3
14 .9
13.2
14.1
11 .7
2.2
4.6
7 .8
7.2
12. 3
(3.0)
13.6
11.3
6.3
8.6
6.3
4 .5
4 .7
4. 7
21 .7
12.7
5.9
3 .4
5.2
12.0
3 .0
(1.1)
_
N u m b er of e m p l o y e e s ______________
See
-
VI
III
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
1.2
1.3
(i.o)
_
_
-
-
.
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
6.9
5.3
3 .2
3.7
1.5
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
4.6
3.3
4.0
1.0
1.1
(1.3)
(2.4)
_
_
.
.
_
-
_
_
.
.
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
4 .2
2 .8
5.0
1.6
1.8
_
1.8
(2.0)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(0.5)
1.4
3 .0
_
_
10 0.0
100.0
10 0.0
10 0.0
10 0.0
100.0
3,902
6, 121
8,4 5 4
5,6 5 7
3,402
1,481
$106
$124
$ 1 49
$182
$2 11
$263
IV
III
V
VI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.2
6.2
8 .4
14.5
20.5
(0.9 )
1.1
2.1
6.5
9.9
_
_
(1.2)
2 .0
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
-
15 .5
9 .4
7.0
3.7
1.8
12.1
11.9
12 .9
10.2
7 .8
2.8
3.7
6.6
7 .4
7 .0
2.1
(.9)
-
_
_
II
I
_
-
12 .5
7.3
2 .8
1.1
(.9)
_
.
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
-
(0.8)
1.1
1.0
1.7
.
_
_
-
-
_
19.3
18.1
12 .6
8.9
5.0
7.6
12.9
15.7
14.0
13.9
(1.3)
1 .8
4.9
8 .6
12 .6
(1.1)
1.0
2.0
2 .6
1.6
(1.2)
11.7
11.9
8.4
9 .5
8.5
3.9
4.9
7.3
10.5
7.3
8.5
8.3
7.4
7.5
4.3
5.5
4.2
4.3
2 .8
2.2
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
1.5
(1.5)
_
_
_
_
.
_
-
-
-
-
6 .2
4.1
3.1
2.7
1.3
_
1.4
(2.0)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
10 0.0
10 0.0
10 0.0
100.0
10 0.0
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
10.5
6 .8
5.1
3 .4
2.4
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
1.6
.9
.6
1.0
(3.1)
100.0
1 9 , 2 7 6 4 3 , 1 4 5 7 5 , 9 5 6 i6 3 , 5 3 5 3 2 , 1 3 2 1 2 , 7 0 5
$122
$139
$1 61
$1 8 9
$223
$272
22
T a b le 5 .
P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n
o c c u p a tio n s
o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in
2 by
average
s e le c te d
w e e k ly
p r o fe s s io n a l,
s a la r ie s ,
w in t e r
a d m in is tr a tiv e ,
1 9 5 9 —6 0 —
te c h n ic a l,
and c le r ic a l
C o n tin u e d
D ir e c to r s ,
M a th e m a tic ia n s
A verage
w e e k ly
1
$80
and u n der
$85
_
$85
and u nder
$90
_
_
$90
and under
$95
$95
and u n der
$100
$ 100
__
____
__
_
_
$ 1 0 5 .
II
_______
_________
___
__
IV
V
V I
V II
d e v e lo p m e n t
3. 1
_
-
_
.
_
______
1 1 .8
_
.
_
.
_
14. 7
2 .5
-
-
8 .0
2 .8
_
1 .0
____
__
III
__
_______
and u n der
re se a rch
s a la r ie s
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
14. 7
1 1 .5
-
_
_
.
2 .4
_
-
.
.
_
$ 1 2 5 ------------------------------------------------
6 .9
9 .0
1 3 .8
9 .9
3 .2
(0 .6 )
-
"
-
$ 125 and u n der
$ 1 3 0 .........................................................
4 .4
7 .8
7 .7
1 .8
$ 130
$ 1 3 5 ___
6. 7
1 .0
.
$ 105 and u n d er
$ 1 1 0 .
$ 110
and under
$ 1 1 5 ____
$ 115
and unde r
$ 1 2 0 ___________________________ ___
$ 120
and u n der
and under
..
.
_
____________________ ___
1 2 .1
3. 6
_
_
6 .5
12. 5
(
10
.
)
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
$ 135 and u n d er
$ 1 4 0 .
7. 1
9 .5
1 .8
.
$ 140
$ 1 4 5 .
1 .5
5 .4
6 .6
2 .5
_
_
_
„
$ 145 and u n d er
$ 1 5 0 __________
4 .6
4 .6
1 3 .0
-
-
-
-
$ 150 and
$ 1 6 0 .........................................................
_
7. 5
14. 1
1 4 .5
_
_
$ 160 and unde r
$ 1 7 0 _____
.
3. 5
1 5 .3
$170
$ 1 8 0 _______________________________
_
2 .4
8 .3
.9
1 .0
and u n der
unde r
and u n der
_
_
4 .6
$ 180
and u n der
$ 1 9 0 _______________________________
_
$ 190
and unde r
$200
-
_
____
_____
_
$ 2 1 0 _____ ___
$200
and u n der
$210
and u n der
$ 2 2 0 _______________________________
_
$220
and u n der
$ 2 3 0 _______________________________
-
_
$230
and u n der
$ 2 4 0 _______________________________
-
-
$240
and u n der
$ 2 5 0 ------------------------------------------------
-
$250
and u n der
$ 2 6 0 _______________________________
(.3 )
1 5 .5
(1 .1 )
1. 1
-
1 6 .7
4 .8
1. 1
6 .2
1 0 .8
2 .3
.
2 .9
8 .4
9 .1
6 .8
1 .7
_
3 .4
-
1 .8
1. 3
6 .9
6 .3
6 .3
.
(1 .8 )
6 .3
6 .3
8 .0
1 .4
9 .1
17. 7
1 2 .6
-
-
-
-
_
1 .8
and u n der
$270
-
_
_
$270
and u n der
$280
$ 2 9 0 .........................................................
.
_
-
and under
_
_
$290
and u n der
$ 3 0 0 _______________________________
-
-
$300
and u n der
$ 3 1 0 ___________________________ ___
_
$310
and u n der
$ 3 2 0 ............................ " _______
$320
and u n der
$330
$330
and u n der
$340
and u n der
_
_ _ _ _ _
.8
_
$280
$260
9 .2
1. 1
4 .8
3 .4
2 9 .3
1 6 .1
8 .2
_
_
_
1 .0
2 .4
1 .9
1 .8
17. 6
2 .4
4. 1
11. 8
2. 6
4 .6
8 .2
1 .0
3. 1
.
4 .0
_
7. 5
5 .9
2 .4
1 4 .2
-
-
-
4 .6
1 .2
.8
_
_
_
_
3 .5
2 .0
-
-
-
_
-
2 .9
1 .1
1 .2
_
_
.
.
.
1 .7
1 .2
3 .9
5 .3
$ 3 4 0 _______________________________
_
-
.
_
.
1 .1
4. 7
$ 3 5 0 ..................................................
-
-
-
-
-
5 .2
8 .2
.......................................
(.2 )
_
.3
.3
1 .9
13. 7
$350
and u n der
$ 3 6 0 ..................................................
_
_
.
_
_
_
3. 5
1 .3
$360
and under
$ 3 7 0 .........................................................
.
_
_
.
.
_
$370
and under
$380
_
_
_
_
.
_
8 .2
_
1 .1
$380
and under
$ 3 9 0 .........................................................
_
_
_
.
_
5. 7
3 .5
5 .2
$390
and u n der
$ 4 0 0 _______________________________
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 .3
$400
and u n der
$410
........................
7 .8
_
_
_
_
$410
and under
$ 4 2 0 .........................................
_
-
.
and u nder
$430
.
.
_
.
$420
_
.
$430
and
$ 4 4 0 _______________________________
_
.
_
_
_
.
.
_
$440
and u n der
$ 4 5 0 .
-
-
-
"
-
-
-
$450
and u n der
$460
.
_
_
_
_
_
3. 5
$460
and
under
$ 4 7 0 _______________________________
_
_
.
_
_
.
2 .4
_
1 .2
$ 4 8 0 .........................................................
_
_
and u n der
_
_
$470
_
3. 6
under
_
_
.
$480
and u n der
$ 4 9 0 .
$490
and u n der
$ 5 0 0 .
$500
and o v e r
.
_
.
„
..
----------................................
_
N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s
S ee
w e e k ly
fo o tn o te s
_
s a la r ie s
at
__
—
_
—
end
o f
-------
t a b le .
6 .9
_
.
.
_
.
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
1 0 0 .0
T o t a l ---------
A vera g e
_
_
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
_
_
.
_
1 0 0 .0
5 .3
1. 1
2 .0
. 1
. 1
. 1
_
1 0 0 .0
1 .9
3. 5
5. 1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
389
679
714
510
351
174
85
1, 148
$111
$130
$153
$175
$226
$272
$289
$349
23
T a b le
5.
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n
o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in
o c c u p a tio n s 2 b y
averag e
s e le c te d
w e e k ly
p r o fe s s io n a l,
s a la r ie s ,
w in te r
a d m in is tr a tiv e ,
1 9 5 9 —6 0 —
t e c h n ic a l,
D i r e c t o r s of p er s on ne l
E m p lo y m en t m a n a g e r s
Job an aly st s
an d c le r ic a l
C o n tin u e d
A v e r a g e w ee kl y s a l a r i e s
I
Under $ 7 5
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
and
and
and
and
and
__
lindsr
under
under
under
under
_
_
$80
, ___ _ ..
$ 8 5 _ ______ _ __ _
$90
_ . r _ _
$95
r ,, ir.
$100
$100
$105
$110
$115
$120
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$105
$110
$115
$120
$125
$125
$130
$135
$140
$145
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$130
$135
$140
$145
$150
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 6 0 ...
$170
$160
$190
..........
$200
$200
$210
$220
$230
$240
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 1 0 ________________
$220
$ 2 3 0 ________________
$240
$250
. _ ................
$250
$260
$270
$280
$290
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$260
$270
$280
$290
$300
$300
$310
$320
$330
$340
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 3 1 0 ________________
$320
$330
_ .... .
$340
$350 .
$350
$360
$370
$380
$390
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$360
$370
$360
$390
$400
$400
$410
$420
$430
$440
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$410
$420
$430
$440
$450
$450
$460
$470
$480
$490
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$460
$470
$480
$490
$500
$ 5 0 0 and ov e r
_ r
------
_ . .
_ __
___
........... _
... _
... ... _
...
__
_
(1.8 )
2.5
I
II
IV
III
I
II
IV
m
_
(2.0 )
1.3
.
-
_
-
-
-
"
(0.3)
5.6
1.7
5.9
7 .0
9 .3
3.3
10.1
1.8
3.2
1.2
6.5
4.1
_
3 .0
.3
_
-
(2.1)
2 .2
6 .5
10.1
_
(2.3)
2 .0
.2
11 .6
8.5
7. 1
4.7
7.7
3.5
.3
1. 7
1.7
2.0
4.7
8.6
4. 8
3.4
3.7
9.1
5.5
5.4
4.7
3 .7
4. 5
1.3
5.1
4.0
6.3
_
- (2.6)
3 .8
12.0
3.3
4 .5
7.3
.6
.2
5.1
10.1
5 .8
4.4
1.1
.5
1.2
12 .3
12.6
3. 8
3 .2
2.3
7.3
13.1
13.9
15.1
9 .8
11.3
7. 1
2. 2
.6
1.8
16 . 8
11 .6
7.8
2 .2
5.6
11.0
16.7
10 .6
10.9
5 .2
.9
3.5
6. 1
9.6
13.0
8.3
18.6
5.6
3.7
3. 1
1.2
-
1.5
(1.3)
1.4
-
3.4
1.0
(3.1)
-
-
13.9
4 .3
1.7
6.1
10.4
1.7
5. 8
-
4. 3
4 .6
3.4
2. 5
4.5
_
_
_
_
-
.
-
_
-
(1.6)
_
_
-
-
-
10 .4
2 .6
5.2
1.7
1.7
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
(0.5)
6.3
.2
1.6
17.7
13 .8
2 .5
7.4
7.4
6.0
2.1
16.8
4.9
9.1
2.9
5.4
2.4
3 .0
5.3
2.5
_
.5
3.9
1.5
8.1
6.5
6.1
11.8
5.8
4.9
4 .4
2.0
2 .0
(-5)
_
_
-
.. ___
________________
______________ _
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4.0
6.5
4. 1
.6
4 .0
(0.4)
3.8
2 .2
3.1
5 .4
( 3)
-
-
_
_
-
_
_
1.6
(.&)
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
(1.1)
_
_
-
_
3 .4
-
(3)
7 .4
10.2
13.9
8.4
11.6
1.9
3.1
1.9
5 .4
6.6
.9
3.1
. 5
2.3
6.1
4 .4
3.1
7.7
1.9
5.9
8.1
5 .0
7 .2
7.6
5.6
1.6
.7
9 .7
5.6
3.9
3.5
7.3
1.6
2.1
7 .2
3 .2
5.2
7 .4
5.5
6.3
4 .4
2 .5
2.7
4.2
2 .2
1.1
5 .8
4.0
.5
.8
.6
1.4
.9
7 .2
1.3
7.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
.
-
-
-
-
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
1.6
.7
_
1.7
.9
1.7
(1.7)
-
-
1.3
1.3
.2
1.0
(.9)
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_ _
_
.
_
_
_
....................
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.4
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
1.4
__
_
____ ...
..........
..................
________________
__
IV
5.9
2 .0
2 .0
3 .0
13.8
_
.
in
2.0
... .
_
Total
N u m b er of em p l o y e e s
... ._
A v e r a g e we e kl y s a l a r i e s
.. _
See footnotes at end of tabl e.
II
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
.
.
_
_
-
-
1.0
(.8)
1.4
.2
.4
_
5. 2
100.0
100.0
100.0
10 0.0
10 0.0
100.0
100.0
10 0.0
100.0
10 0 . 0
100.0
10 0.0
203
570
870
603
2,3 55
1,5 68
671
115
1,045
4 , 155
877
554
$114
$128
$142
$160
$128
$1 51
$175
$224
$152
$182
$252
$302
24
T a b le 5 .
P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in s e l e c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , t e c h n i c a l ,
o c c u p a t i o n s 2 b y a v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s , w in t e r 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 — C o n t i n u e d
M a n a gers,
o ffic e s e r v ic e s
A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s
II
1
$ 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 ________________________ __
$ 65 and u n d er $70
—
__ ____ ___
$ 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 5 ___________________________
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
.
S u p e r v is o r s ,
keyp u n ch
III
IV
I
-
-
.
-
-
-
_
_
-
.
-
$ 8 0 _ ___________ _ ------$ 8 5 ___________________________
$ 9 0 _ __ ____
$ 9 5 - ---------------------------$ 100 __ ----__ __ __
.
2 .2
-
_
.
_
.
.9
-
_
_
.
-
and c l e r i c a l
S u p e r v is o r s ,
p a y r o ll
II
1 .1
4 .0
4 .1
S u p e r v is o r s ,
t a b u la t in g m a c h in e
u n it
I
II
-
-
-
-
0 .9
4 .6
-
_
9 .5
9 .7
1 2 .1
1 4 .8
1 5 .8
(0 .8 )
2. 1
4 .1
6 .6
1 0 .7
(1 .3 )
1 .0
2 .1
7 .0
2 .9
.8
1. 6
4. 7
3 .8
6. 7
(0 .8 )
2. 6
1 2 .0
1 1 .0
2 .1
1 .2
(2 .7 )
1 3 .7
3 .9
8 .2
1 2 .2
1 6 .6
4. 1
2. 7
1 .4
5 .8
9 .2
1 2 .0
7. 6
7 .4
9 .9
7 .9
5. 6
3 .2
3 .3
6 .9
9 .0
1 0 .0
8. 7
1 1 .0
4 .5
2 .6
7 .0
7 .0
8 .9
3 .1
1 .2
5 .5
8 .3
7 .2
9 .8
5. 1
3. 7
(1 .5 )
1 0 .8
8 .4
7. 1
3 .8
(2 .5 )
_
$100
$105
$110
$115
$120
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
unde r
under
under
$ 1 0 5 . ___ _____ __ ____
$ 1 1 0 . ______________________
$ 1 1 5 __
___ - _____
$ 1 2 0 -------------------------------------$ 1 2 5 _________________________
9 .0
4 .4
2 .0
3 .3
6 .5
_
8 .2
7 .1
4 .8
.
.
_
2. 1
-
$125
$130
$135
$140
$145
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 3 0 ________________________ _
$ 1 3 5 _______________ _ ____
$ 1 4 0 _____ __ _______ . . .
$ 145 _ _____ ______ __ _
________________
$ 1 5 0 . __
1 .2
7. 6
1 2 .8
7 .0
1 7 .3
6. 7
1 3 .4
5 .6
4 .3
1 .1
1 .3
4. 3
7. 7
6 .9
4 .0
_
_
_
„
(1. 0 )
_
.
_
_
-
5 .6
3 .9
3 .4
1 .4
.6
$150
$ 160
$170
$180
$190
and
and
and
and
and
under
unde r
under
unde r
under
$ 1 6 0 ________ ____
___
$ 1 7 0 ________ ___________
$ 1 8 0 ________
_____ __ __
$ 1 9 0 _________________________
$ 2 0 0 _ _____________________
1 0 .5
2 .4
2 .4
7 .0
3 .5
9 .1
3 .9
1 0 .4
7 .4
9 .3
7 .5
1 2 .3
4 .3
5. 1
1 .9
9 .8
16. 7
6 .9
3 .9
2 .9
_
_
3 .9
(2 .4 )
-
-
-
~
7 .2
4 .2
4. 1
3 .0
2. 6
$200
$210
$220
$230
$240
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 2 1 0 _________________________
$ 2 2 0 _ ___________ ________
$ 2 3 0 . _____________________ __
$ 2 4 0 _________________________
$ 2 5 0 _________________________
6 .5
1 .3
2 9 .3
.8
2 .7
1 .1
7 .2
7 .8
3 .9
2 .0
8 .8
1 .0
_
•
.
.
_
-
1 .0
1 .5
(2 .2 )
-
_
_
.
.
_
_
_
-
-
-
“
-
$250
$260
$270
$280
$290
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
t in d e r
under
under
$260.
_______
________
_________________ __
$270
$ 2 8 0 . __ — __
___
$290
$ 3 0 0 --------------------------------------
_
.
_
_
_
.
_
4 .9
16. 7
8 .8
_
_
-
„
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$ 3 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 1 0 ______________________ __
$ 3 1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 2 0 _________________________
$ 3 2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 3 0 _________________________
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
2 .0
1 .0
2 .0
-
-
-
-
.
_
T o t a l — ___
_
_ -----
--------
-
_
N u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s _ ----------------A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s -
— —
_____
S e e fo o t n o t e s - a t e n d o f t a b l e .
_
.
.
-
(1 .1 )
_
-
-
_
(1 .6 )
_
-
.
_
-
_
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
819
539
375
102
2 ,0 7 4
1 ,0 1 8
3, 847
5, 3 0 6
6, 2 0 8
$139
$154
$180
$218
$93
$114
$135
$114
$140
25
T a b le 5 .
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in s e le c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l, a d m in is t r a t iv e ,
te c h n ic a l, and c le r i c a l oc cu p a tio n s a b y a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s ,
w in te r 1959—60*— C on tin u ed
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s
D r a fts m e n ,
ju n io r
U n d e r $ 5 0 ------------------------------------------- — --------$ 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5 -------—----------— ----- -------$55 and un der $60
— — -------- — — -------$ 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 ------------------------- ------- -----$ 6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 7 0 ---------- ----------------------------$ 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 5 ------- ---------------------------- —
(1 .4 )
3 .1
5. 7
8 .2
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
9 .0
1 3 .2
1 1 .4
1 2 .5
9 .5
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$80
$85
$90
$95
$ 10
-------—------------------------- —
------------- --------------------------------- —----------------------- —
----------------------------------—
0 -------- ---------------------------
-
D r a fts m e n ,
s e n io r
D r a fts m e n ,
le a d e r
-
-
-
-
(1 .4 )
1 .8
2 .4
4. 7
6 .2
(0 .7 )
-
T racers
1. 7
5 .4
8 .0
1 9 .6
14. 0
13. 5
1 0 .9
7. 7
5 .0
6 .3
4 .9
$100
$105
$110
$115
$120
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$105
$110
$115
$120
$125
-------- ---------------------- —
----------------------------------— --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. 6
4 .9
4 .2
3 .9
1 .7
9 .3
9 .0
9 .6
8 .4
9 .2
2 .3
2. 6
4. 1
5 .5
7 .4
1 .3
(1 .7 )
$125
$130
$135
$140
$145
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$130
$135
$140
$145
$150
--------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ------- ---------------------- —
1. 1
1 .0
(1 .5 )
8 .2
6 .5
6 .8
7 .9
5 .4
_
-
-
7 .4
6 .5
6 .0
4 .3
3 .2
$150
$160
$170
$180
$190
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$160
$170
$180
$190
$200
— — ---------------------- —
—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«
-
5 .4
3 .4
1 .1
(.6 )
1 2 .4
1 1 .4
9. 1
4. 7
2 .4
_
-
-
-
1 .3
1 .2
$ 2 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 1 0 ----------------------------------$ 2 1 0 a n d o v e r — ----- ------------—------------------- —
-
-
-
_
-
--------------------------------------------
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
N u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s — — ------------------------
2 7 ,9 3 7
5 0 ,2 4 7
8 ,8 4 4
3 ,6 6 8
A v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s ---------- -----------------
$ 9 0 .0 0
$ 1 2 0 .0 0
$ 1 4 6 .0 0
$ 7 2 .5 0
T ota l —
S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le .
26
T a b le 5.
A verage
P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s 1 in s e l e c t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , t e c h n i c a l , a n d c l e r i c a l
o c c u p a t i o n s 2 b y a v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s , w i n t e r 1 9 5 9 “ 60— C o n t in u e d
w e e k ly
B o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e
op era tors
s a la r ie s
I
II
................... .
„
U n der $ 35
$ 35 and u n d er $40
$ 4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 _______________________
$ 4 5 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0 __ __
___ __
$ 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5 _______________________
$ 5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 __
(0 .1 )
3 .8
1 0 .9
1 6 .4
1 7 .4
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
1 7 .5
1 2 .3
7 .0
5 .2
3 .7
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$65
$ 7 0 _______________________
$75 _
$80
$85
$ 8 5 and u n d er $90
$90 and u n d er $ 95
$95 and u n d er $10 0 _
$ 100 and u n d er $105
$ 1 0 5 and u n d er $ 1 1 0
$110
$115
$120
$125
$130
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
— _
$115
$120
_ _
$ 1 2 5 ____________________
$130
$135
$ 13 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 4 0 ____________________
$ 14 0 and o v e r
2 .9
1 .5
(1 .3 )
-
C le rk s ,
a cco u n tin g
I
C le r k s ,
file
II
I
_
(l.o )
2 .0
0 .2
1 .3
1 1 .4
1 9 .8
2 2 .3
1 6 .4
_
1 .0
4 .2
8 .0
1 2 .5
(1 .0 )
4 .2
8 .2
10. 7
(o .T )
9 .9
1 7 .1
2 2 .2
1 7 .4
_
( 0 .5 )
1 .8
4 .3
7 .7
1 0 .7
1 3 .3
1 2 .0
1 1 .7
1 1 .1
1 4 .0
1 2 .5
1 1 .2
9 .1
6 .9
3 .3
5 .0
6. 7
8 .3
9 -6
1 1 .0
6 .5
4 .3
2 .9
1 .6
14. 1
12. 6
1 2 .4
9 .2
8. 6
14. 9
1 3 .4
1 1 .4
1 1 .5
8 .0
1 1 .9
6 .8
4 .6
3 .1
3 .7
1 2 .9
1 2 .3
1 2 .5
1 3 .3
1 0 .2
5 .1
6 .8
7 .0
1 0 .8
2 2 .2
8. 5
7 .9
4 .0
2 .7
1. 7
4 .4
3 .7
3 .1
2 .4
1 .4
9 .4
1 1 .0
7 .9
8. 6
8. 1
1 .3
( 1 .0 )
4 .6
3 .9
4 .2
1 .9
(2 • 6)
6 .2
6 .6
2 .5
1 .1
(.4
1 .5
( 1 .2 )
8 .2
6 .2
5. 5
2 .4
1. 1
18. 9
9 .5
5 .9
4 .9
3. 5
(1 .2 )
.
1 .4
1 .0
(1 .3 )
-
_
(1 .1 )
(1 .7 )
.
_
-
.
.
-
-
4 .9
4 .2
3 .3
2 .0
1 .9
.
1 .4
1 .5
.
.
_
.
II
O ffic e S te n o g ra S te n o g ra
p h ers,
ph ers,
boys or
g ir ls
g en era l
te ch n ica l
(0 .5 )
2. 7
5 .1
1 0 .1
1 1 .1
1 .0
1 .9
4 .4
7 .8
_
-
K ey
p u n ch
opera
tors
_
_
-
_
_
_
•
.
_
_
“
„
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
.
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
.
_
.
_
\ -
_
-
_
(0 .3 )
1 .2
_
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
N u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s _
4 0 ,7 4 3
1 0 ,2 4 7
7 2 ,6 9 2
5 1 ,3 6 6
4 7 ,9 0 0
1 5 ,0 3 5
4 9 ,1 8 1
3 0 ,4 0 2
1 1 1 ,7 6 9
8 ,7 0 0
A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s _
$ 6 1 .5 0
$ 7 5 .0 0
$ 6 9 .5 0
$ 9 3 .0 0
$ 5 5 .5 0
$ 7 0 .5 0
$ 7 0 .0 0
$ 5 7 .0 0
$ 7 5 .0 0
$ 8 4 .5 0
T ota l
S e e fo o t n o t e s
a t e n d o f ta b le .
1 0 0 .0
27
T a b le 5.
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e m p lo y e e s 1 in s e le c te d p r o f e s s io n a l, a d m in is tr a t iv e , te c h n ic a l, and c le r i c a l
oc cu p a tio n s 2 b y a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s , w in ter 19 5$—6 0 — C ontinued
S w it c h b o a r d
op era tors
A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s
S w it c h b o a r d
op e ra to rs,
s p e c ia l
T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e
op era tors
I
II
III
U n d e r $ 4 0 ____
$40 and un d er
$45 and u n d er
$ 50 and un d er
$ 55 and u n d er
$ 60 and u n d er
$45
$50
$55
$60
$65
______________________________
____________________________
--------------------------------------------____________________________
______________________________
1.
1.
3.
6.
8.
10.
0
9
6
3
1
8
1. 0
. 2
1. 5
1 .9
5. 1
5. 8
(0 ~
2.
7.
11.
14.
6)
9
6
4
1
(0 .
1.
2.
4.
6)
4
0
3
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$70
_________ __________________
------------------------------------$75
$80
____________________________
$ 8 5 ______________ ____________
$ 9 0 ---------------------------------------------
12.
13.
1 2.
9.
9.
5
1
2
8
5
7. 0
22. 4
1 0. 7
1 1. 8
9 .8
14.
1 1.
13.
9.
6.
8
2
0
3
1
7.
9.
12.
13.
11.
3.
3.
1.
.
9
0
5
7
11.
9.
7.
4.
2.
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 9 5 -------------------------------------------$ 9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 0 0 ____________________________
$ 1 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 0 5 ___________________________
$ 1 0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 1 0 ___________________________
$ 1 1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 1 5 ___________________________
$115
$120
$125
$130
$135
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
$ 1 2 0 _ -----------------------------$ 1 2 5 ___________________________
$ 1 3 0 _ -----------------------------------$ 1 3 5 --------------------------- ---------$ 1 4 0 ----------------------------------------
$14 0 and o v e r
5. 4
4. 2
1. 0
(.6 )
N u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s
-
0.
3.
1 0.
1 6.
1 9.
19.
2
8
6
5
5
1
(0 .
1.
5.
9.
16.
3)
6
2
6
0
7
2
5
0
4
(1 .5 )
3. 1
3. 9
7. 1
7. 3
1 2.
7.
4.
2.
1.
7
8
6
4
4
15.
13.
11.
9.
6.
4
2
9
7
0
8
8
8
0
1
1 1.
13.
14.
10.
9.
6
1
0
2
0
(1 .2 )
5.
4.
1.
(•
1. 4
(.9 )
3
8
0
8
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.
3.
3.
1.
1.
-
-
-
-
1. 8
100. 0
-
100. 0
II
100. 0
100. 0
-
0
4
1
6)
“
_
_
_
_
100. 0
100. 0
----------------------
20, 544
1, 2 77
10, 9 12
1 9 ,7 5 1
9 , 083
84, 893
48, 823
--------------------------------
$ 7 1 . 50
$ 7 8 . 50
$ 7 0 . 50
$ 8 4 . 50
$ 1 0 1 . 50
$ 6 0 . 50
$ 7 2 . 00
-------------
A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s
"
I
_
100. 0
T ota l
15. 0
3. 2
2. 8
1. 2
(.8 )
T y p is t s
1 In o r d e r to avoid show ing s m a ll p r o p o r tio n s o f e m p lo y e e s s c a tte r e d at or n e a r the e x tr e m e s of the d istr ib u tio n s fo r
s o m e o c cu p a tio n s, the p e r c e n ta g e s of e m p lo y e e s in th e se in te r v a ls h ave b ee n a c cu m u la te d and a r e show n,
in m o s t c a s e s , in
the in te r v a l ab ove or b elo w the e x tr e m e in te r v a l containin g at le a s t 1 p e r c e n t.
T h e p e r c e n ta g e s r e p r e se n tin g th e s e e m p lo y e e s
a r e show n in p a r e n th e s e s .
2 F o r sc o p e of study, s e e ta b le in ap pend ix A .
3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t.
NOTE:
B e c a u s e of roun d ing,
su m s
of in divid u al it e m s m a y not eq u al t o ta ls .
28
T a b l e 6.
P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s 1 b y ty p e o f s a la r y r a te s y s t e m 2 fo r
s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , w in t e r 1 9 5 9 - 6 0
Ite m
C le rica l
C le rica l
s u p e r v is o r y
A ccou n ta n ts
and
a u d ito r s
P erson n el
m anagem ent
A tto rn e y s
D ra fts m e n
E n g in e e r s
and
s c ie n tis ts
S a la r y r a t e s y s t e m
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h e m p l o y e e s in
o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h f n e n t s ______________
___________________ _____ __
P e r c e n t __
3 0 , 027
100
1 1, 0 33
100
1 6 , 143
100
9, 0 4 4
100
2 , 5 76
1 00
8, 529
100
1 1 ,2 1 2
1 00
F o r m a l r a t e p o l i c y ___________________
S in g l e r a t e s _____________________ __
R a n g e o f r a t e s ( m i n im u m a n d
m a x i m u m r a t e s p e c i f i e d ) _____
N o fo r m a l ra te p o lic y — s a la r ie s
d e t e r m i n e d o n a n in d iv i d u a l
b a s i s ------------------------------------------------------
38
4
41
33
(3 )
39
1
42
(3 )
55
2
37
1
34
41
33
38
42
53
36
62
59
67
61
58
44
63
1 0 ,2 6 6
100
4 ,4 8 8
100
5 ,2 5 4
100
3 ,4 4 3
1 00
1, 0 8 9
1 00
4 , 540
1 00
4 , 0 67
100
35
21
21
14
3
27
19
43
23
59
19
59
19
70
16
77
20
55
18
64
17
11
72
3
83
1
85
(3 )
90
(3 )
88
3
77
1
85
17
13
14
10
12
20
14
(3 )
F o r m a l ra te ra n g e p la n s
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h r a n g e o f r a t e s
( m i n im u m a n d m a x i m u m s p e c i f i e d ) :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ______________
P e r c e n t __ __ _____________ __ __ __
I n te r m e d ia te ra te p o lic y :
In te r m e d ia te d o lla r r a te s
( s t e p r a t e s ) s p e c i f i e d ____________
In te r m e d ia te d o lla r r a te s not
s p e c ifie d but e s t a b lis h e d
p o lic y f o r d e t e r m in in g p r o
g r e s s i o n w it h in r a n g e __________
O t h e r p o l i c y - __ -------------------------P r o g r e s s io n p o lic y :
A u t o m a t ic in c r e a s e s a ft e r
s p e c i f i e d p e r i o d __ _____________
P e r i o d i c m e r i t r e v i e w ----------------C o m b in a t io n o f a u to m a tic and
m e r i t i n c r e a s e s __________________
1
2
3
F o r s c o p e o f s t u d y , s e e t a b le in a p p e n d ix A .
S a la r y r a t e s y s t e m a p p l i c a b l e t o a m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s in j o b s s t u d ie d w it h in s e l e c t e d j o b g r o u p s in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
B ecau se
o f r o u n d in g ,
s u m s o f in d iv i d u a l p e r c e n t a g e s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b le 7 . P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s 1 e m p lo y in g e n g in e e r s
in 2 o r m b r e f i e l d s o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n o r f u n c t io n b y t y p e o f
p a y d is t in c t io n s , w in te r 1 9 5 9 -6 0
Item
Spe c ia liz a t io n
F u n ctio n
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g e n g i n e e r s in
2 o r m o r e s p e c ia liz a t io n s o r fu n c t io n s :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s __ _____ __
P e r c e n t _____________________________________
5 , 302
100
5, 676
1 00
P a y d is t in c t io n s on b a s is o f fie ld
o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n o r f u n c t io n _____
6
8
1
6
(2 )
(2)
7
1
94
92
E n t r y l e v e l o n l y ___________________
A l l o r m o s t l e v e l s ___________ __
O th e r ______ _____ __ _____ __ __
N o p a y d is t in c t io n s on b a s is o f
fie ld o f s p e c ia liz a t io n
o r f u n c t io n ________ _______ ___
1
2
equal
F o r s c o p e o f stu d y , s e e
L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t .
NOTE:
to ta ls .
B ecau se
of
ta b le
r o u n d in g ,
__
in a p p e n d ix A .
sum s
of
in d iv i d u a l
p ercen ta g es
m ay
not
29
T a b le 8.
P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s 1 h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d c o lle g e g r a d u a te s 2
in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s by type o f e n tra n c e s a la r y p o lic y , w in te r 1 9 5 9 —6 0
Item
E n g in e e r s
C h e m is ts
M a th em a
t ic ia n s
E s ta b lis h m e n t s h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d
c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e s in o c c u p a t i o n :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ____________________
P e r c e n t __ _____ _____ __ ___________________
F o r m a l h i r i n g s a l a r i e s __________________
S in g l e h i r i n g s a l a r y ______ _____ __
R a n g e in h i r i n g s a l a r i e s ____ _____
N o f o r m a l h i r i n g s a l a r y ___________________
6 , 101
1 00
3, 378
1 00
487
100
49
48
89
17
32
16
32
8
81
51
52
11
1, 9 3 0
1 00
1, 0 7 8
100
395
100
72
68
41
40
27
23
20
17
63
66
33
35
27
20
23
15
84
84
49
42
18
18
32
10
14
9
18
20
10
17
5
1
25
C r i t e r i a u s e d in d e t e r m i n i n g h i r i n g s a l a r i e s
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s p e r m i t t i n g a r a n g e in
h ir in g r a t e s :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s __________________
P e r c e n t ____________________________________________
R e la t e d e x p e r ie n c e ( p r i o r to
g r a d u a t i o n ) _ _____ _______________________
S c h o l a s t i c s t a n d in g _________________________
M i l i t a r y s e r v i c e c o m p l e t e d ______________
E v i d e n c e o f l e a d e r s h i p ____________________
S t a n d in g o f c o l l e g e a t t e n d e d ____________
S p e c i a l c u r r i c u l u m _________________________
O f f e r s o f c o m p e t i t o r s -------------- -------- —.........
F i e l d in s h o r t s u p p l y ___ ____ ______________
R e c o m m e n d a tio n o f in te r v ie w e r , no
e s t a b l i s h e d c r i t e r i a _ ___________________
S p e c i a l e x a m i n a t i o n _________________ ____
O t h e r c r i t e r i a ________________________________
1
2
F o r sc o p e o f stu d y, s e e tab le in ap p e n d ix A .
P o lic y a p p ly in g to g r a d u a te s h old in g b a c h e lo r * s d e g r e e
o n ly .
N O T E : B e c a u s e of rou n d in g, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l p e r c e n ta g e s m a y not e q u a l t o t a ls . Th e
p e r c e n ta g e s show n fo r c r i t e r i a u se d in d e te r m in in g h ir in g s a la r i e s do not eq u a l 100 b e c a u s e
m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n ts u se m o r e than one c r i t e r i a .
30
T a b l e 9 . P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s 1 w it h f o r m a l h i r i n g s a l a r i e s f o r
i n e x p e r i e n c e d c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s b y m o n t h ly
e n t r a n c e s a l a r y , w in t e r 1 9 5 9 —6 0 2
M a th em a
t ic ia n s
E n g in e e rs
C h e m is ts
__
___
2 ,9 7 9
1 ,6 1 6
434
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h a s i n g l e e n t r a n c e s a l a r y -------
3 5 .2
3 3 .3
9 .0
Item
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h f o r m a l e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ____________________
P e r c e n t _ _____________________________ _________
M o n th ly e n t r a n c e s a la r y
.4
U n d e r $ 3 6 0 ..................................... ..................................................
$ 3 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 8 0 .....................................................................
$ 3 8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 0 ____ _____________ __________________
$ 4 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 0 _________________ ___________________
$ 4 2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 4 0 _____________________________________
$ 4 4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 6 0 _______________________________ ___
$ 4 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 8 0 _____________________________________
$ 4 8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0 0 .....................................................................
$ 5 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 2 0 _____________________________________
$ 5 2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 4 0 .....................................................................
$ 5 4 0 a n d o v e r ____ _____________________________ ______ ____
1. 7
2 .9
. 5
4. 3
5. 1
.6
1 .6
4 .9
4. 6
8 .4
5. 1
6 . 3
2 .9
. 3
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h a r a n g e in e n t r a n c e
s a l a r i e s ________________________ __________ __________ _____
2. 5
1 .4
.2
1. 6
1 .4
. 5
-
6 .0
. 8
5. 5
3. 7
2
.2
.2
. 1
.9
-
. 7
9 1 .0
.6
64. 8
6 6
L o w e s t m o n th ly e n t r a n c e s a la r y
U n d e r $ 3 6 0 ..........................................................................................
$ 3 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 8 0 _______________________ ___________
$ 3 8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 0 _____________________________________
$ 4 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 0 _____________________________________
$ 4 2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 4 0 ...... .............................................................
$ 4 4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 6 0 .....................................................................
$ 4 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 8 0 _____________________________________
$ 4 8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0 0 ___________________ _______________
$ 5 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 2 0 _____________________________________
$ 5 2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 4 0 _______________ ___________________
$ 5 4 0 a n d o v e r ____________________ _________________________
I n f o r m a t io n n o t a v a i l a b l e ______ __ __ __ __ _______
_
-
2 .4
5 .2
1. 0
9 .2
2. 5
11. 0
6 .4
1 1. 3
1 5. 6
. 8
. 1
1 .6
. 8
. 5
1. 7
5. 3
1 5. 2
9 .6
1 2 .9
1 4. 2
1 .6
.5
. 7
.9
1 .6
. 5
8. 3
9 .2
2 4 .2
4 4 .9
.9
.5
1 .2
P e r c e n ta g e s p r e a d p e r m itte d a b o v e
l o w e s t m o n t h ly e n t r a n c e s a l a r y
. 7
1. 7
1 2 .9
3 .9
3 0 .4
9 .7
1 3. 6
8 .4
3 .2
8 .4
5. 1
1 .9
1. 8
16. 3
5. 8
26. 8
9. 1
11. 7
7 .0
6 . 1
5. 3
1 .9
1 .4
U n d e r 5 p e r c e n t _________________________________ _______
5 a n d u n d e r 10 p e r c e n t _____ ______ _____________________
5 p e r c e n t _____________________________ _______ __________
10 a n d u n d e r 15 p e r c e n t _______________________________
1 0 p e r c e n t _____________________________________
_______
_____ _______________________ ___
1 1 p e r c e n t _________
15 a n d u n d e r 20 p e r c e n t ............................ .......... .....................
2 0 a n d u n d e r 2 5 p e r c e n t ________ ________________________
2 5 p e r c e n t a n d o v e r _______________________________________
2 5 p e r c e n t _______________________________________________
I n f o r m a t i o n n o t a v a i l a b l e _______________________________
1 1 .8
. 3
6 1 .5
2 7 .9
2 2 . 8
3. 5
2 .5
9 .7
8
6 .2
1 .4
1
F o r s c o p e o f s t u d y , s e e t a b l e in a p p e n d i x A .
2
A l t h o u g h i n f o r m a t i o n o n h i r i n g s a l a r i e s w a s o b t a i n e d l a r g e l y b e t w e e n J a n u a r y 15 a n d
A p r i l 3 0 , in n e a r l y h a l f o f th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s it w a s i n d i c a t e d t h a t th e e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s
q u o t e d w o u ld a p p l y in h i r i n g J u n e I 9 6 0 g r a d u a t e s .
NOTE:
B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g ,
s u m s o f in d iv i d u a l p e r c e n t a g e s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .
T a b l e 1 0. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s 1 b y t y p e o f s u p p l e m e n t a r y
c a s h b o n u s p l a n 2 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , w i n t e r 1 9 5 9 —60
C le r ic a l
C a s h b o n u s p la n
C le rica l
s u p e r v is o r y
A c cou n ta n ts
P erson n el
and
m anagem ent
a u d ito r s
A ttorn eys
D r a fts m e n
E n g in e e r s
and
s c ie n t is t s
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h e m p l o y e e s in
o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p :
N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s __ __
P e r c e n t __ __ _> _________________
ea ch
---------______
3 0 , 0 27
1 1, 0 3 3
1 6 ,1 4 3
9, 044
2, 576
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
S u p p l e m e n t a r y c a s h b o n u s p l a n _____
C h r i s t m a s o r y e a r e n d ____________
P r o f i t - s h a r i n g _________________ __
O t h e r __________________________________
N o s u p p l e m e n t a r y c a s h b o n u s p l a n __
39
34
4
44
34
5
5
56
48
35
44
27
9
36
16
31
23
41
28
6
6
10
6
8
56
14
64
2
52
69
3
59
2
61
1
F o r s c o p e o f s t u d y , s e e t a b l e in a p p e n d ix A .
S u p p le m e n t a r y c a s h b o n u s p l a n s a p p l i c a b l e t o a m a j o r i t y
e s t a b lis h m e n t .
NOTE:
B ecause
of
r o u n d in g ,
su m s
o f in d iv id u a l p e r c e n t a g e s
8
of
e m p lo y e e s
in j o b s
m a y n ot e q u a l to ta ls .
s t u d ie d
w it h i n
8
, 529
s e le cte d
11
jo b
, 212
g rou p s
in
31
Appendix A :
Scope and Method of Survey
S cop e of Su rvey
T h is s u r v e y r e la t e s to a ll 188 S tan dard M e tr o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in the U nited
S ta te s , e x c lu d in g H a w a ii, as r e v i s e d in 1959 b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t.
C o v e ra g e w ith in
th o s e a r e a s w as lim ite d to e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the fo llo w in g in d u s t r ie s :
M a n u fa ctu rin g ; t r a n s
p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , e l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ;
fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ; and r e s e a r c h ,
d e v e lo p m e n t, and te s tin g la b o r a t o r i e s .
E s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f e w e r than 100 w o r k e r s at the
tim e o f r e f e r e n c e o f the u n iv e r s e data (in g e n e r a l, f i r s t q u a r te r o f 1959) w e r e e x c lu d e d .
The e s t im a te d n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s and the to ta l e m p lo y m e n t w ith in the s c o p e o f the
s u r v e y , and w ith in the s a m p le a c tu a lly s tu d ie d , a r e lis te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r e a c h m a jo r in d u s
tr y d iv is io n in the a c c o m p a n y in g ta b le .
A s in d ic a te d in the t a b le , and e x p la in e d la t e r in
d e t a il, the s c o p e o f the stu d y w as the s a m e f o r a ll o c c u p a t io n s ; h o w e v e r , the s u r v e y c o n s is t e d
o f tw o s e p a r a te p a r t s , w ith on e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ied f o r the p r o f e s s io n a l and
a d m in is t r a t iv e o c c u p a t io n s , and a n o th e r la r g e r s a m p le f o r d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s .
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y 1 an d n u m b e r s t u d ie d b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n ,
W ith in s c o p e
o f stu d y *
In d u stry d iv is io n
S tu d ie d f o r j > r o f e s s i o n a l
an d a d m in i s t r a t i v e
o c c u p a .tio n s
N u m ber of
W o r k e r s in
e s ta b lis h
e s ta b lis h
m e n ts
m e n ts
w in t e r 1 9 5 9 — 60
S tu d ie d fo x 1 t e c h n i c a l
an d c li s r i c a l
o c c u p a it io n s 2
N um ber of
W o r k e r s in
e s ta b lis h
e s ta b lis h
m e n ts
m en ts
N um ber of
e s ta b lis h
m e n ts
W o r k e r s in
e s ta b lis h
m e n ts
A l l d i v i s i o n s s u r v e y e d ------------------------------
3 0 ,6 0 6
14 , 2 6 6 , 400
1, 60 6
3 ,9 4 0 , 436
6 ,0 7 9
4, 994, 824
M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g :
T r a n s p o r ta tio n , 3 c o m m u n ic a tio n ,
e l e c t r i c , g a s , an d s a n i t a r y
s e r v ic e s —
---------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ------------------------------------R e ta il tra d e
------------------------------------------F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l
e s t a t e ------------ ---------------------------------------S e r v ic e s :
E n g i n e e r i n g an d a r c h i t e c t u r a l
s e r v i c e s ; and r e s e a r c h ,
d e v e l o p m e n t , an d t e s t i n g
l a b o r a t o r i e s o n l y -------------------------
18, 773
9 ,1 7 5 ,6 0 0
1, 14 6
2, 8 9 4 , 355
3, 132
2, 67 0 , 482
1 ,9 0 6
2 ,9 1 4
3 ,9 4 4
1, 7 0 5 , 300
555, 900
1 ,7 0 1 , 400
165
44
12 1
5 9 9 ,5 4 6
1 3, 549
2 0 6 , 248
697
572
945
8 6 4 ,3 6 6
17 2, 487
8 0 1, 488
2, 826
9 9 3 , 100
88
1 7 4 , 307
660
4 2 6 ,0 9 5
243
1 3 5 , 100
42
5 2 ,4 3 1
73
5 9 ,9 0 6
1 T h e s t u d y r e l a t e s t o e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in i n d u s t r i e s l i s t e d e m p l o y i n g 1 0 0 o r m o r e w o r k e r s in t h e 1 8 8 S t a n d a r d
M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in t h e U n it e d S t a t e s ( e x c lu d i n g H a w a ii) a s r e v i s e d in 1 9 5 9 b y t h e B u r e a u o f t h e B u d g e t .
* T h e n a t i o n a l e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e d r a f t i n g an d c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e d e v e l o p e d f r o m d a t a c o l l e c t e d in t h e
B u r e a u ’ s o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m a j o r l a b o r m a r k e t s , e x c lu d in g d a t a f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s n o t w it h in t h e s c o p e
o f t h e s u r v e y a s d e t e r m i n e d f o r th e s t u d y o f p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o c c u p a t i o n s .
3 L i m i t e d t o r a i l r o a d , l o c a l an d s u b u r b a n p a s s e n g e r , d e e p s e a w a t e r ( f o r e i g n a n d d o m e s t i c ) , a n d a i r t r a n s
p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r i e s a s d e f in e d in th e 1 9 5 7 e d it io n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l.
T im in g o f S u r v e y
S a la r y and r e la t e d data f o r the p r o f e s s io n a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s w e r e
c o l l e c t e d b y p e r s o n a l v is it s to s a m p le e s t a b lis h m e n t s d u rin g the f i r s t h a lf o f I 9 6 0 , la r g e ly
b e tw e e n J a n u a ry 15 and A p r il 3 0 .
The m o s t r e c e n t in fo r m a t io n a v a ila b le at the tim e o f the
v i s i t w as o b ta in e d .
F o r the d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , the s u r v e y w as d e s ig n e d to
d e v e lo p n a tion w id e e s t im a te s fr o m data c o l l e c t e d in the B u r e a u 's o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s
b y la b o r m a r k e t , c o n d u c te d b e t w e e n A u g u s t 1959 and June I9 6 0 .
A lth o u g h s o m e o f the a r e a s
w e r e s u r v e y e d in 1959, th o s e s u r v e y e d in the f i r s t h a lf o f I9 6 0 (w ith the a r e a s th ey r e p
r e s e n t e d in the n a tion w id e e s t im a t e s ; a c c o u n te d f o r t h r e e -fo u r t h s o f the o f f ic e e m p lo y m e n t
w ith in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in a ll m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s c o m b in e d .
32
M eth od o f C o lle c t io n
D ata w e r e ob ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u r e a u fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e
e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 10 E m p lo y e e s w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a c c o r d i n g to
o c c u p a t io n and le v e l, w ith the a s s is t a n c e o f c o m p a n y o f f i c i a l s , on the b a s is o f u n ifo r m jo b
d e s c r ip t i o n s .
In c o m p a r in g a c tu a l d u ties and r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s o f e m p lo y e e s w ith th o s e in the
s u r v e y d e s c r ip t i o n s , e x te n s iv e u s e w as m a d e o f c o m p a n y o c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r ip t i o n s , o r g a n i
z a tio n c h a r t s , and o th e r p e r s o n n e l r e c o r d s .
T h e o c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r ip t io n s u s e d in c l a s
s ify in g e m p lo y e e s a p p e a r in a p p e n d ix B .
N a tu re o f D ata C o l le c t e d and P r e s e n t e d
T h e a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s r e p o r t e d r e la t e to the sta n d a rd s a la r ie s that w e r e p a id
f o r sta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le s ; i. e . , to the s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r y c o r r e s p o n d in g to the
em
p l o y e e ’ s n o r m a l w e e k ly w o r k s c h e d u le e x c lu d in g o v e r t im e h o u r s .
S a la r ie s r e p o r t e d on an an nual o r m o n th ly b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d to w e e k ly s a la r ie s
b y d iv id in g b y 52. 1 o r 4 . 3 3 , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e s e s a m e f a c t o r s w e r e u se d to c o n v e r t a v e r a g e
w e e k ly s a la r ie s to m o n th ly and an n ual s a la r ie s in ta b le s 3 and 4.
D ata r e la t in g to c a s h b o n u s e s , w h ich w e r e o b ta in e d in a d d itio n to s a la r y data f o r
e m p lo y e e s in p r o f e s s io n a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s , in clu d e c a s h p a y m e n ts m a d e to
e m p lo y e e s a n n u a lly o r m o r e fr e q u e n t ly .
B o n u s e s p a id d u rin g the y e a r p r e c e d in g the s u r v e y
w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a w e e k ly b a s i s b y d iv id in g b y 52. 1.
In s o m e c a s e s , the c o m p a n ie s in
d ic a t e d that r e p o r t in g o f a c tu a l b on u s p a y m e n ts to in d iv id u a ls e it h e r w a s n ot p o s s ib le o r
r e q u ir e d an u n r e a s o n a b le a m ou n t o f w o r k .
In s u c h in s t a n c e s , e s t im a t e s w e r e a c c e p t e d i f
th e r e w a s a r e a s o n a b le b a s i s f o r e s t im a tin g the a m o u n ts .
U n d er e s t a b lis h e d p o l i c i e s o f s o m e c o m p a n ie s , o f f i c i a l s w e r e n ot a u th o r iz e d to p r o
v id e in fo r m a t io n r e la t in g to s a la r ie s o r to c a s h b o n u s e s f o r a ll o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d .
In
n e a r ly a ll in s t a n c e s , h o w e v e r , in fo r m a t io n w a s p r o v id e d on the n u m b e r o f s u c h e m p lo y e e s ,
the a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , and w h e th e r a c a s h b on u s w a s p a id .
It w a s thus
p o s s ib le to e s t im a te the p r o p o r t io n o f e m p lo y e e s f o r w h om s a la r y o r b o n u s data w e r e n ot
a v a ila b le .
A s in d ic a te d b e lo w , th e s e p o l i c i e s m o r e o fte n r e la t e d to the h ig h e r le v e l p o s i
t io n s , m a in ly b e c a u s e o f p o l i c i e s n o t to d i s c l o s e p a y data f o r e m p lo y e e s c o n s id e r e d a p a r t
o f the m a n a g e m e n t g ro u p o r c l a s s i f i e d in o c c u p a t io n a l le v e ls in v o lv in g a s in g le e m p lo y e e .
N um ber of
jo b
c a te g o r ie s
4
P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s c l a s s i f i e d in p r o f e s s io n a l
and a d m in is t r a t iv e o c c u p a t io n s s u r v e y e d f o r
w h om s a la r y data w e r e n ot a v a ila b le
5
-------------------------------------------------
10 o r m o r e p e r c e n t
A t to r n e y s V I (35 p e r c e n t )
D i r e c t o r s , r e s e a r c h and d e v e lo p m e n t
(23 p e r c e n t )
D i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l IV (20 p e r c e n t )
D i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l III (18 p e r c e n t )
A t to r n e y s V (11 p e r c e n t )
8
-------------------------------------------------
5 to 9. 9 p e r c e n t
(A c co u n ta n ts V ; a t to r n e y s IV ; c h e m is t s
IV , V , and VI; e n g in e e r s V I; and e m p lo y
m e n t m a n a g e r s III and IV )
3
----------------------------------- ------------ -
L e s s than 5 p e r c e n t
10
T h e s u r v e y s in m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s , f r o m w h ich n a tio n w id e e s t im a t e s w e r e d e
v e lo p e d f o r the d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , p r o v id e f o r c o l l e c t i o n o f data f o r s o m e
a r e a s b y a c o m b in a tio n o f m a il and p e r s o n a l v is it s in a lte r n a te y e a r s .
F o r e s t a b lis h m e n t s
r e p o r t in g b y m a il, the o c c u p a t io n a l c la s s if i c a t io n s a r e b a s e d on th o s e m a d e on p e r s o n a l
v is it s in the p r e v io u s y e a r .
33
C o m p a r is o n s b e tw e e n e s t a b lis h m e n t s that p r o v id e d s a la r y data f o r e a c h s p e c i f i c o c
cu p a tio n a l le v e l and th o s e n ot d oin g s o in d ic a te d that the tw o c l a s s e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s did
n o t d if f e r m a t e r ia l ly in in d u s tr ie s r e p r e s e n t e d , e m p lo y m e n t , o r p a y s t r u c t u r e f o r o th e r jo b s
in th is s e r i e s f o r w h ich data w e r e a v a ila b le .
S i m il a r ly , in fo r m a t io n on am ou n t o f the c a s h b o n u s e s w as n ot a v a ila b le f o r a ll e m
p lo y e e s r e c e iv in g s u c h b o n u s ; u s u a lly , th e s e e m p lo y e e s f o r w h om in fo r m a t io n w a s n ot a v a ila b le
r e p r e s e n t e d le s s than 5 p e r c e n t o f the to ta l in the o c c u p a t io n a l le v e ls s u r v e y e d .
P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s c l a s s i f i e d in p r o f e s s io n a i and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s
s u r v e y e d f o r w h om data on a m ou n t o f
c a s h b o n u s e s w e r e n o t a v a ila b le
N um ber of
jo b
c a t e g o r ie s
4 -------------------------------------------------------
9
4
3
10 o r m o r e p e r c e n t
M a th e m a tic ia n s V (2 2 . 4 p e r c e n t )
M a n a g e r s , o f f ic e s e r v i c e s IV
(1 3 . 3 p e r c e n t )
M a th e m a tic ia n s IV (12 p e r c e n t )
C h e m is ts V I (10 p e r c e n t )
-----------------------------------------------------
5 to 9 . 9 p e r c e n t
(C h e m is ts II and V; e n g in e e r s V;
m a th e m a tic ia n s II; d i r e c t o r s , r e s e a r c h
and d e v e lo p m e n t; jo b a n a ly s ts IV;
d i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l II and III;
m a n a g e r s , o f f ic e s e r v i c e s III)
-----------------------------------------------------
L e s s than 5 p e r c e n t
The av era g e
a v a ila b le .
H ow ever,
(ta b le 4 ), the b on u s
b u t f o r w h om data on
b o n u s e s e q u a le d th o se
s a la r ie s p r e s e n t e d r e la t e to e m p lo y e e s f o r w h om s a la r y data w e r e
in the ta b u la tio n sh ow in g a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s p lu s c a s h b o n u s e s
data w e r e a d ju s te d to in clu d e e m p lo y e e s w h o r e c e i v e d c a s h b o n u s e s
a m ou n t o f b on u s w e r e n o t a v a ila b le .
It w as a s s u m e d that th e ir a v e r a g e
o f e m p lo y e e s f o r w h om s u c h data w e r e a v a ila b le .
O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e la t e to the to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in
the s c o p e o f the stu d y and n ot the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d .
E m p lo y e e s f o r w h om s a la r y
data w e r e n ot a v a ila b le w e r e n o t ta k en in to a c c o u n t in the e s t im a t e s .
F o r this r e a s o n , and
b e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m on g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f
o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d fr o m the s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to
in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f the o c c u p a t io n s and le v e ls as d e fin e d f o r the s u r v e y .
T h e s e q u a lific a t io n s o f the e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a te s d o n ot m a t e r ia l ly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f
the e a r n in g s data.
In the o c c u p a t io n s s u r v e y e d , b o th m e n and w o m e n w e r e c l a s s i f i e d and in clu d e d in
the o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s e s t im a t e s .
In the p r o f e s s i o n a l , a d m in is t r a t iv e ,
and d r a ftin g o c c u p a t io n s , on e o r the o th e r s e x w a s s u ffic ie n t ly p r e d o m in a n t to p r e c lu d e
p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te data b y s e x .
F o r th o s e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s in w h ich b o th m e n and
w o m e n a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d , s e p a r a te data b y s e x a r e a v a ila b le f r o m the o c c u p a t io n a l
w a g e s u r v e y r e p o r t s b y la b o r m a r k e t a r e a .
S a m p lin g and E s tim a tin g P r o c e d u r e s
A lth o u g h the p u b lis h e d e s t im a te s r e la t e to 188 S tan dard M e tr o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l
A r e a s , as r e v is e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g et in 19 59 , the s u r v e y w as c o n d u c te d a lm o s t
e n t ir e ly w ith in a s a m p le o f 60 a r e a s . 11 W ith in th e s e 60 a r e a s , a s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s
w a s c h o s e n , s o that the s a m p lin g p la n ca n b e d e s c r ib e d as a t w o -s t a g e d e s ig n .
11
In a fe w in s t a n c e s , e s t a b lis h m e n t s o u ts id e the 60 a r e a s bu t w ith in the 188 a r e a s
w e r e a d d e d to the s a m p le in c e r t a in in d u s tr ie s w h en it w as n o t p o s s ib le to ob ta in w ith in
the s a m p le d a r e a a r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t f o r the s tr a tu m .
34
T h e s a m p le o f 60 a r e a s w as b a s e d u pon the s e l e c t io n o f 1 a r e a f r o m a s tr a tu m o f
s i m il a r a r e a s .
T h e c r i t e r i a o f s t r a t ific a t io n w e r e r e g io n and ty p e o f in d u s tr ia l a c t iv it y .
E a c h a r e a h ad a c h a n c e o f s e l e c t io n r o u g h ly p r o p o r t io n a t e to its to ta l n o n a g r ic u ltr u a l e m
p lo y m e n t.
E a ch o f the 26 l a r g e s t a r e a s f o r m e d a str a tu m b y it s e l f , and w as c e r t a in o f
in c lu s io n in the s a m p le .
E a c h o f th e s e a r e a s r e p r e s e n t e d o n ly it s e l f , but e a c h o f the 34 o th e r
a r e a s r e p r e s e n t e d i t s e l f and s i m i l a r u n its.
T he d e s ig n u s e d in the s e l e c t io n o f the e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d f o r the p r o f e s s i o n a l
and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s d if f e r e d f r o m that u s e d in the d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a
tio n s .
A s e x p la in e d e a r l i e r , data f o r the la tte r o c c u p a t io n s w e r e c o l l e c t e d in the B u r e a u 's
p r o g r a m o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s c o n d u c te d in the 60 a r e a s .
T h e e s t a b lis h m e n t s in
th o s e s u r v e y s w e r e c h o s e n to p r o v id e s e p a r a te a r e a e s t im a t e s , w ith in d u s tr y d iv is io n d e t a il,
w h ile the d e s ig n f o r the s u r v e y o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s w as in
te n d e d to y ie ld o n ly n a tion w id e data w ith n o in d u s tr ia l b r e a k d o w n , and h e n c e r e q u ir e d fe w e r
e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
In the c a s e o f d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t s a m p le w ith in
the a r e a w as s e l e c t e d in d e p e n d e n tly to p e r m it the p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te data f o r that
area.
T h e s e s a m p le s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m a l is t o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t r a t ifie d b y s i z e ( e m
p lo y m e n t) and in d u s tr y .
A g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f the la r g e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w as s e l e c t e d , but
in c o m b in in g the d a ta e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t w as g iv e n its a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t— i. e. , w h e r e an
e s t a b lis h m e n t w as c h o s e n as on e o f fo u r , it w as g iv e n a w e ig h t o f fo u r .
N a tion w id e e s t im a t e s f o r the d r a ftin g and c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s in 6, 000 e s t a b lis h
m e n ts w e r e f o r m e d b y a p p ly in g to e a c h s e t o f d a ta the w e ig h ts n e e d e d to ex p an d th e s e in to
e s t im a t e s f o r the s tra tu m r e p r e s e n t e d b y the s a m p le a r e a , and th en c o m b in in g th e s e s tra tu m
e s t im a t e s .
In the c a s e o f the 26 la r g e s e l f - r e p r e s e n tin g a r e a s , th e s e w e ig h ts w e r e o n e.
In e a c h o f the 34 s m a ll e r a r e a s , the w e ig h t w as the r a tio o f the to ta l n o n a g r ic u ltu r a l e m
p lo y m e n t in the s tra tu m to that in the s a m p le a r e a .
In the stu d y o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s , th e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e
c a lle d f o r the d e t a ile d s t r a t ific a t io n o f the u n iv e r s e o f 188 a r e a s b y in d u s tr y an d s i z e o f
e s t a b lis h m e n t .
W h e re on e o f s e v e r a l a r e a s w as s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y to r e p r e s e n t a stra tu m
o f s e v e r a l a r e a s , an e s t im a te o f the u n iv e r s e f o r that str a tu m w as d e r iv e d b y w eig h tin g
the in d u s tr y and s i z e - o f - e s t a b l i s h m e n t e m p lo y m e n t to ta ls in the s a m p le a r e a b y the w e ig h t
u s e d in the la r g e r s u r v e y d e s c r ib e d in the p r e c e d in g p a r a g r a p h . F r o m th is e s t im a te d u n i
v e r s e , a s a m p le o f a p p r o x im a t e ly 1,600 e s t a b lis h m e n t s w as s e l e c t e d s y s t e m a t ic a lly s o that
e a c h g e o g r a p h ic unit w as r e p r e s e n t e d p r o p o r t io n a t e ly w ith in the s i z e - o f - e s t a b l i s h m e n t and
in d u s tr y c l a s s e s . 12 A lth ou g h n o c o n s c io u s e f f o r t w as m a d e to c o n t r o l the r e p r e s e n t a t io n
f o r e a c h a r e a th ro u g h a ll the in d u s t r ie s , a cou n t sh o w s that e a c h a r e a c o n t r ib u t e s n e a r ly
its p r o p o r t io n a t e s h a r e to the w h o le s a m p le .
E a c h in d u s tr y w as s a m p le d s e p a r a t e ly , the s a m p lin g r a te s d ep e n d in g on the i m
p o r t a n c e o f the in d u s tr y as an e m p lo y e r o f the jo b s s u r v e y e d , p a r t ic u la r ly in the s c ie n t if i c
and e n g in e e r in g s e r i e s . W ithin e a c h in d u s tr y , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e e s t a b lis h m e n t s
w as s e l e c t e d , but as in the c l e r i c a l s u r v e y s , e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t w as w e ig h te d to r e p r e s e n t
a ll o th e r u n its o f the s a m e c l a s s .
E s tim a t e s o f S a m p lin g E r r o r
T h e s u r v e y p r o c e d u r e y ie ld s e s t im a t e s w ith w id e ly v a r y in g s a m p lin g e r r o r s , d e
p en d in g on the fr e q u e n c y w ith w h ich the jo b o c c u r s , and the d is p e r s io n o f s a la r y s c a l e s .
T h u s, f o r e n g in e e r s III, the r e la t iv e sta n d a r d e r r o r o f the a v e r a g e s a la r y is 0. 6 p e r c e n t ,
w h e r e a s f o r a tto r n e y s V I, it is 4 p e r c e n t .
M o s t o f the r e la t iv e e r r o r s lie n e a r 2 p e r c e n t
f o r the p r o f e s s io n a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e o c c u p a t io n s . T he n a tio n w id e e s t im a t e s f o r the c l e r i c a l
and d r a ftin g r o o m o c c u p a t io n s , b a s e d on the m u c h l a r g e r s a m p le , a r e s u b je c t to m u c h
s m a l l e r s a m p lin g e r r o r .
12
A fe w o f the la r g e s t e m p lo y e r s , to g e th e r e m p lo y in g n e a r ly a m illio n , g a v e data
on a c o m p a n y w id e b a s i s .
T h e s e c o m p a n ie s w e r e e lim in a t e d f r o m the u n iv e r s e to w h ich
the p r e c e d in g s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e a p p lie d .
T h e s a m p le cou n t in c lu d e s the e s t a b lis h m e n t s
o f th e s e c o m p a n ie s w ith in the 188 m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s .
35
Appendix B:
Occupational Descriptions
T h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s f o r the
B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f ie ld s t a ff in c la s s ify in g in to
a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u n d er a v a r ie t y
o f p a y r o ll t it le s and d iffe r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b lis h m e n t
to e s t a b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a .
T h is is e s s e n t ia l in o r d e r
to p e r m it the g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m
p a r a b le jo b co n te n t. B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s is on in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t
and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l co n te n t, th e B u r e a u ’ s
o c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r ip t i o n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly f r o m th o s e in u s e in
in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r th o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s .
Accountants
and
Auditors
ACCOUNTANT
I. U n der d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n o f h ig h e r l e v e l a c c o u n ta n ts , m a in ta in s v a r ie d a c c o u n tin g
r e c o r d s ; ta k e s t r i a l b a la n c e s and m a k e s a d ju stin g and c lo s in g e n t r ie s ; p r e p a r e s p r o f it and
l o s s , in v e n to r y , r e c e i p t and d is b u r s e m e n t , and b a la n c e s h e e ts and o th e r r e p o r t s ; c o m p u te s
and d is t r ib u t e s la b o r , m a t e r ia l, and o v e r h e a d c o s t s ; m a y s u p e r v is e and r e v ie w the w o r k
o f a c c o u n tin g c l e r k s , b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , and c l e r k s .
W ork a s s ig n m e n ts a r e
r e v ie w e d p e r i o d i c a l l y b y s u p e r v i s o r p r i o r to c o m p le t io n .
NOTE:
T h is d o e s n ot in c lu d e
t r a in e e s (n o r m a lly e m p lo y e e s w ho h a v e b e e n w ith a f i r m f o r l e s s than 1 y e a r and w h o had
n o p r e v io u s a c c o u n tin g e x p e r i e n c e ) .
II. U n der d ir e c t io n p e r f o r m s a c c o u n tin g w o r k r e q u ir in g p r o f e s s io n a l k n o w le d g e o f
a c c o u n tin g p r in c ip le s and p r a c t i c e s w ith w id e la titu d e f o r d is c r e t i o n a r y ju d g m e n t a s to p r o p e r
a llo c a t io n o f a c c o u n t s ; m a in ta in s c o m p le t e and c o m p le x a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s ; a s s i s t s in d e
p a r t m e n ta l a u d its, s p e c ia l in v e s tig a t io n s , and s y s t e m s in s ta lla tio n .
T y p ic a l p o s it io n s a r e :
(1)
C h ie f a s s is t a n t to a c c o u n ta n t III; (2) s e c t io n h ead o v e r g e n e r a l and s u b s id ia r y le d g e r
a c c o u n ts in a f i r m w ith l e s s than 500 e m p lo y e e s ;
(3) a c c o u n tin g s p e c i a l i s t f o r c o s t , tax,
o r s y s t e m s w o r k in a f i r m w ith l e s s than 500 e m p lo y e e s .
III.
S u p e r v is e s o r p e r f o r m s p r o f e s s io n a l a c c o u n tin g w o r k a s the a c c o u n ta n t
r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r m a in ta in in g a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s f o r a m a n u fa c tu r in g o r c o m m e r c i a l o r g a n i
z a tio n ; m a in ta in s a c c o u n tin g and b u d g e ta r y c o n t r o ls ; p r e p a r e s , r e v ie w s , and a n a ly z e s a ll
ty p e s o f a c c o u n ts and r e c o r d s o f fin a n c ia l t r a n s a c t io n s ; p r e p a r e s e x h ib its and d r a ft s r e p o r t s ;
and m a y s u p e r v is e a g ro u p o f a c c o u n ta n ts and a c c o u n tin g c l e r k s .
T y p ic a l p o s it io n s a r e :
(1) C h ie f a c c o u n ta n t o f a f i r m w ith l e s s than 500 e m p lo y e e s ; (2) top a c c o u n tin g s p e c ia lis t
in a f i r m w ith 500 to 1, 000 e m p lo y e e s in su ch s u b je c t s a s c o s t s , ta x s y s t e m s , e tc . , and
m a y s u p e r v is e a s e c t io n en g a g e d in su ch a c t iv it ie s o r m a in ta in in g s p e c ia liz e d a c c o u n t s ;
(3) s e c t io n h ea d o v e r g e n e r a l and s u b s id ia r y le d g e r a c c o u n ts in a f i r m w ith 500 to 1, 000 e m
p lo y e e s ;
(4 ) c h ie f a s s is t a n t to a c c o u n ta n t IV.
w ith
IV .
S u p e r v is e s the p e r fo r m a n c e o f d iffic u lt p r o f e s s io n a l a c c o u n tin g w o r k o r g e n e r a l
fin a n c ia l a c t i v it ie s a s the a c c o u n ta n t w ith r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r m a in ta in in g a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s
f o r a la r g e m a n u fa c tu r in g o r c o m m e r c i a l o r g a n iz a tio n ; fo r m u la t e s , r e v i s e s , and in s t a lls
a c c o u n tin g and fin a n c ia l s y s t e m s and p r o c e d u r e s ; p r e p a r e s and s u p e r v is e s the p r e p a r a t io n o f
r e p o r t s and fin a n c ia l s t a te m e n ts ; and p a s s e s u pon d iffic u lt t e c h n ic a l p r o b le m s .
T y p ic a l
p o s it io n s a r e :
(1) C h ie f a c c o u n ta n t o f f i r m w ith 500 to 1, 000 e m p lo y e e s ;
(2 ) top a c c o u n tin g
s p e c ia lis t in a f i r m w ith 1, 000 to 5, 000 e m p lo y e e s in su ch s u b je c t s as c o s t , ta x, s y s t e m s ,
e tc . , and m a y s u p e r v is e a s e c t io n e n g a g ed in su ch s p e c ia liz e d a c t iv it ie s o r m a in ta in in g su ch
a c c o u n ts ; (3) s e c t io n h ea d o v e r g e n e r a l and s u b s id ia r y le d g e r a c c o u n ts in a f i r m w ith 1, 000 to
5, 000 e m p lo y e e s and (4) c h ie f a s s is t a n t to a c c o u n ta n t V.
36
A C C O U N T A N T — C on tin u ed
V.
S u p e r v is e s the p e r f o r m a n c e o f d iffic u lt p r o f e s s io n a l a c c o u n tin g w o r k o r g e n e r a l
fin a n c ia l a c t i v it ie s a s the a c c o u n ta n t w ith r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r m a in ta in in g a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s f o r
a la r g e m a n u fa c tu r in g o r c o m m e r c i a l o r g a n iz a tio n ; fo r m u la t e s , r e v i s e s , and in s t a lls a c c o u n tin g
and fin a n c ia l s y s t e m s and p r o c e d u r e s ; p r e p a r e s and s u p e r v is e s the p r e p a r a t io n o f r e p o r t s
and fin a n c ia l s t a t e m e n ts ; and p a s s e s u p on d iffic u lt t e c h n ic a l p r o b le m s .
T y p ic a l p o s it io n s
a r e : (1) C h ie f a c c o u n ta n t o f f i r m w ith 1, 000 to 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; (2) top a c c o u n tin g s p e c ia lis t
in a f i r m w ith 5, 000 to 10, 000 e m p lo y e e s in su ch s u b je c t s a s c o s t , ta x, s y s t e m s , e tc . ,
and m a y s u p e r v is e a s e c t io n e n g a g e d in su ch s p e c ia liz e d a c t iv it ie s o r m a in ta in in g su ch a c
c o u n ts ; (3) s e c t io n h ea d o v e r g e n e r a l and s u b s id ia r y le d g e r a c c o u n ts in a f i r m w ith 5, 000 to
1 0 , 000
e m p lo y e e s .
A U D IT O R
A u d its the fin a n c ia l r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s c o m p a n ie s , o r d iv is io n s o r c o m p o n e n ts o f
c o m p a n ie s , to s y s t e m a t ic a lly a p p r a is e and v e r i f y the a c c o u n tin g a c c u r a c y o f the r e c o r d s and
rep orts.
T o the e x te n t d e t e r m in e d n e c e s s a r y , e x a m in e s the t r a n s a c t io n s e n te r in g in to the
b a la n c e s h e e t and the tr a n s a c t io n s e n te r in g in to in c o m e , e x p e n s e , and c o s t a c c o u n t s .
D e te r
m in e s (1 ) the e x is t e n c e o f r e c o r d e d a s s e t s (in c lu d in g the o b s e r v a t io n o f the takin g o f p h y s ic a l
in v e n t o r ie s ) and the a ll in c lu s iv e n e s s o f r e c o r d e d lia b i lit i e s , (2) the a c c u r a c y o f fin a n c ia l
s ta te m e n ts o r r e p o r t s and the fa i r n e s s o f p r e s e n t a t io n o f fa c t s th e r e in , (3 ) the p r o p r i e t y o r
le g a lit y o f t r a n s a c t io n s , and (4 ) the d e g r e e o f c o m p lia n c e w ith e s t a b lis h e d p o l i c i e s and p r o
c e d u r e s c o n c e r n in g fin a n c ia l t r a n s a c t io n s .
E v a lu a te s the a d e q u a c y o f the a c c o u n tin g s y s t e m
and in te r n a l fin a n c ia l c o n t r o l.
M a k e s a p p r o p r ia t e r e c o m m e n d a t io n s f o r im p r o v e m e n t a s
n e c e s s a r y . (W o r k t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s a b a c h e l o r 1s d e g r e e in a c c o u n tin g o r the e q u iv a le n t in
e x p e r ie n c e and e d u ca tio n c o m b in e d . )
I. A s a tr a in e e a u d ito r at the e n te r in g le v e l, p e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f r o u tin e a s s i g n
m e n ts u n d er the c l o s e s u p e r v is io n o f an e x p e r ie n c e d a u d ito r.
II. A s a ju n io r m e m b e r o f an a u d it te a m in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m s a s s ig n e d p o r t io n s
o f the a u d it e x a m in a tio n w h ich a r e lim it e d in s c o p e and c o m p le x it y su ch as p h y s ic a lly
cou n tin g to v e r i f y v a r io u s in v e n to r y it e m s , c h e c k in g a s s ig n e d s u b s id ia r y le d g e r a c c o u n ts
a g a in s t s u p p o r tin g b i l l s o r v o u c h e r s , c h e c k in g and b a la n c in g v a r io u s s u b s id ia r y le d g e r s
a g a in s t c o n t r o l a c c o u n t s , o r o th e r s i m il a r d u tie s d e s ig n e d to h e lp the te a m le a d e r c h e c k ,
v e r i f y , o r p r o v e the a c c o u n tin g e n t r ie s . R e s p o n s ib ilit y e x te n d s o n ly to the v e r if i c a t io n
o f a c c u r a c y o f c o m p u ta tio n s and the d e t e r m in a tio n that a ll t r a n s a c t io n s a r e p r o p e r l y
s u p p o r te d .
A n y t e c h n ic a l p r o b le m s n ot c o v e r e d b y .in s t r u c t io n s a r e b r o u g h t to the a t
te n tio n o f a s u p e r i o r .
III. (1) A s a u d ito r in c h a r g e o f an au d it te a m o r in c h a r g e o f in d iv id u a l a u d its, in
d e p e n d e n tly c o n d u c ts r e g u la r r e c u r r in g a u d its, in a c c o r d a n c e w ith a p r e s c r i b e d au d it
p o li c y , o f the a c c o u n ts o f s m a lle r o r l e s s c o m p le x c o m p a n ie s h a v in g g r o s s in c o m e up
to $ 3 m i llio n p e r y e a r , o r o f s i m il a r s iz e d b r a n c h e s o r s u b s id ia r y o r g a n iz a t io n s o f
la r g e r c o m p a n ie s .
U n der m in im u m s u p e r v is io n , e ith e r w o r k in g a lo n e o r w ith the a s
s is t a n c e o f on e o r tw o s u b o r d in a te a u d it o r s , e x a m in e s tr a n s a c t io n s and v e r i f i e s a c c o u n ts ,
o b s e r v e s and e v a lu a te s l o c a l a c c o u n tin g p r o c e d u r e s and in te r n a l c o n t r o ls , p r e p a r e s a u d it
w o r k in g p a p e r s , and s u b m its an a u d it r e p o r t in the r e q u ir e d p a tte r n co n ta in in g r e c o m
m e n d a tio n s f o r n e e d e d c h a n g e s o r im p r o v e m e n t s ; o r (2) a s a m e m b e r o f an a u d it te a m
a u d itin g the a c c o u n t s o f a la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x o r g a n iz a t io n ( $ 4 to $ 2 5 m i llio n
g r o s s in c o m e p e r y e a r ), in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m s the au d it e x a m in a tio n o f a m a jo r s e g
m e n t o f the a u d it s u c h a s the c h e c k in g , v e r if i c a t io n , and b a la n c in g o f a ll a c c o u n ts r e
c e iv a b le and a c c o u n ts p a y a b le , the a n a ly s is and v e r if i c a t io n o f a s s e t s and r e s e r v e s ,
o r the in s p e c t io n and e v a lu a tio n o f c o n t r o ls and p r o c e d u r e s .
IV . (1) A s a u d ito r in c h a r g e o f an au d it te a m o r o f in d iv id u a l a u d its u n d er m in im u m
s u p e r v is io n w ith the a s s i s t a n c e o f a p p r o x im a t e ly fiv e s u b o r d in a te a u d it o r s in d e p e n d e n tly
c o n d u c ts r e g u la r r e c u r r in g a u d its o f the a c c o u n ts o f c o m p a n ie s h a v in g g r o s s in c o m e o f
$ 4 to $ 2 5 m i llio n p e r y e a r o r in c o m p a n ie s h av in g m u c h l a r g e r g r o s s in c o m e s , a u d its
o f a c c o u n ts o f the b r a n c h e s o r s u b s id ia r y o r g a n iz a t io n s o f th o s e c o m p a n ie s e a c h o f w h ich
h a v e g r o s s in c o m e o f $ 4 to $ 2 5 m illio n .
P la n s and c o n d u c ts the au d it and p r e p a r e s
an au d it r e p o r t c o n ta in in g r e c o m m e n d a t io n s f o r ch a n g e s o r im p r o v e m e n t s in a c c o u n tin g
p r a c t i c e s , p r o c e d u r e s , o r p o l i c i e s ; o r (2 ) a s a m e m b e r o f an a u d it te a m au d itin g the
a c c o u n ts o f a l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x o r g a n iz a tio n ( o v e r $ 3 0 m i llio n g r o s s in c o m e
37
A U D IT O R — C on tin u ed
p e r y e a r ), is a s s ig n e d r e la t iv e l y in d ep en d en t r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r a m a jo r s e g m e n t o f the
au d it su ch a s the c h e c k in g , v e r if i c a t io n , and b a la n c in g o f a ll a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le and
a c c o u n ts p a y a b le , the a n a ly s is and v e r if i c a t io n o f a s s e t s and r e s e r v e s , o r the in s p e c t io n
and e v a lu a tio n o f c o n t r o ls and p r o c e d u r e s .
At t o r n e y s
ATTORN EY
P e r f o r m s w o r k in v o lv e d in p r o v id in g c o n s u lta tio n and a d v ic e to o p e r a t in g o f f i c i a l s
o f the c o m p a n y w ith r e s p e c t to its le g a l r ig h ts , p r i v i l e g e s , and o b lig a tio n s . P e r f o r m s su ch
d u tie s a s a n ticip a tin g an y le g a l p r o b le m s o r r is k s in v o lv in g the c o m p a n y and a d v is in g c o m
pan y o f f i c i a l s ; p r e p a r in g and r e v ie w in g v a r io u s le g a l in s tr u m e n ts and d o c u m e n ts su ch a s
c o n t r a c t s f o r l e a s e s , li c e n s e s , s a le s , p u r c h a s e s , r e a l e s ta te , e tc . ; k e e p in g in fo r m e d o f
p r o p o s e d le g is la t io n w h ich m ig h t a ffe c t the c o m p a n y and a d v is in g the a p p r o p r ia t e c o m p a n y
o f f i c i a l s ; e x a m in in g and c h e c k in g f o r le g a l im p lic a t io n s p u b lic s ta te m e n ts o r a d v e r tis in g
m a t e r ia l; a d v is in g c o m p a n y w h e th e r to p r o s e c u t e o r d efen d la w s u its ; a c tin g a s a g e n t o f the
c o m p a n y in its tr a n s a c t io n s ; and a p p ly in g f o r p a te n ts, c o p y r ig h t s , o r r e g is t r a t io n o f the
c o m p a n y * s p r o d u c t s , p r o c e s s e s , d e v ic e s , and t r a d e m a r k s .
I. A s a tr a in e e (L L . B w ith m e m b e r s h ip in b a r ), p e r f o r m s r o u tin e le g a l w o r k su ch
a s p r e p a r in g b r i e f s o r d ra w in g up c o n t r a c t s f o r r e v ie w and e v a lu a tio n b y a t to r n e y s o f
h ig h e r g r a d e .
R e c e iv e s im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n in a s s ig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to p r o v id e t r a i n
in g in the a p p lic a t io n o f e s t a b lis h e d m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e s o f le g a l r e s e a r c h , d r a ftin g
o f le g a l in s t r u m e n ts , e tc .
II. P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f le g a l a s s ig n m e n ts , p r im a r i ly in d ra w in g up c o n t r a c t s
w h ich r e q u ir e s o m e in g en u ity and an a b ility to e v a lu a te the le g a l s u ffic ie n c y o f c o n t r a c t
term s.
R e c e iv e s g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n d u rin g a s s ig n m e n ts , w ith m o s t o f w o r k r e v ie w e d
b y an a t to r n e y o f h ig h e r g r a d e .
R e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r fin a l a c tio n is u s u a lly lim it e d to
m a t t e r s w h ich a r e c o v e r e d b y in s t r u c t io n s and s u b je c t to p r i o r a p p r o v a l o f a s u p e r io r .
III. P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f b r o a d le g a l a s s ig n m e n ts , p r im a r i ly in the stu d y and
a n a ly s is o f le g a l q u e s t io n s , p r o b le m s , o r c a s e s . M ay s p e c ia liz e in c e r t a in le g a l a r e a s
su ch a s r e a l e s ta te , la b o r la w , o r c o n t r a c t s .
R e c e iv e s g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n d u rin g
in itia l and fin a l s ta g e s o f a s s ig n m e n ts , bu t is e x p e c te d to c o n d u c t w o r k w ith r e la t iv e
in d e p e n d e n ce .
R e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r fin a l a c tio n is u s u a lly lim it e d to m a t t e r s c o v e r e d b y
le g a l p r e c e d e n t s and in w h ich lit tle d e v ia tio n f r o m sta n d a rd f o r m s and p r a c t i c e s is in
v o lv e d . A n y d e c is i o n s o r a c tio n s h av in g a b e a r in g on the c o m p a n y ’ s b u s in e s s a r e r e
v ie w e d b y a s u p e r io r .
IV. R e s p o n s ib le f o r a b r o a d le g a l a r e a in w h ich a s s ig n m e n ts c o v e r a w id e r a n g e o f
d iffic u lt and c o m p le x le g a l q u e s t io n s and p r o b le m s .
P r im a r il y s e r v e s in an a d v is o r y
c a p a c it y , m a k in g stu d ie s and d e v e lo p in g o p in io n s w h ich m a y h a v e an im p o r ta n t b e a r in g
on the c o n d u c t o f the c o m p a n y ’ s b u s in e s s (e . g. , r e c o m m e n d in g a c t io n to p r o t e c t the
c o m p a n y ’ s t r a d e m a r k s and c o p y r ig h t s in fo r e ig n c o u n t r ie s ).
R e c e iv e s a m in im u m o f
t e c h n ic a l le g a l s u p e r v is io n .
V. P la n s , c o n d u c ts , and s u p e r v is e s le g a l a s s ig n m e n ts w ith in on e o r m o r e b r o a d le g a l
areas.
S u p e r v is e s a s ta ff o f a t to r n e y s and h a s r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r ev a lu a tin g th e ir p e r
fo r m a n c e and a p p r o v in g r e c o m m e n d a t io n s w h ich m a y h a v e an im p o r ta n t b e a r in g on the
c o n d u c t o f the c o m p a n y ’ s b u s in e s s .
VI. A s G e n e r a l C o u n s e l o r C h ie f A t to r n e y f o r a c o m p a n y , p r o v id e s top m a n a g e m e n t
w ith a u th o r ita tiv e c o u n s e l a s to the m e a n in g and a p p lic a t io n o f p e r tin e n t la w s (F e d e r a l
State, lo c a l, o r in te r n a tio n a l) to c o m p a n y a c t i v it ie s o r p la n n ed a c t i v it ie s . P e r s o n a lly , o r
th rou g h h is sta ff, r e p r e s e n t s the c o m p a n y in a ll le g a l m a t t e r s su ch a s c o n t r a c t u a l n e g o
tia tio n s , r e a l e s ta te m a t t e r s , lia b ilit y c a s e s , p a te n ts, in v e s tm e n t s , m e r g e r s , e tc . , in
c lu d in g the t r ia l o f c a s e s in c o u r t s .
D ir e c t s the a c t iv it ie s o f a s t a ff o f a t to r n e y s a n d /o r
c o o r d in a t e s and g e n e r a lly o v e r s e e s the w o r k o f p r iv a t e la w f ir m s en g a g ed to r e p r e s e n t
the c o m p a n y on s p e c i f i c s u b je c t s .
H as a s ig n ific a n t r o l e in the top p o l i c y c o u n c ils o f
c o m p a n y m a n a g e m e n t r e g a r d in g a ll a s p e c t s o f the c o m p a n y ’ s a c t i v it ie s .
38
Engineers
and
Scientists
C H E M IS T
P e r f o r m s r e s e a r c h , d e v e lo p m e n t, in t e r p r e t iv e , and a n a ly t ic a l w o r k to d e t e r m in e the
c o m p o s it io n , m o l e c u la r s t r u c tu r e , and p r o p e r t ie s o f s u b s ta n c e s , to d e v e lo p o r in v e s tig a t e
n ew m a t e r ia ls and p r o c e s s e s , and to in v e s tig a t e the tr a n s fo r m a t io n w h ich s u b s ta n c e s u n d e r g o .
W o r k t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s a B. S. d e g r e e in c h e m is t r y o r the e q u iv a le n t in e d u ca tio n and e x
p e r ie n c e c o m b in e d .
I. P e r f o r m s e le m e n t a r y w o r k in c h e m is t r y u n d er c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , w ith a s s i g n
m e n ts p la n n ed to p r o v id e e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lic a t io n o f c o m m o n la b o r a t o r y te c h n iq u e s
and f a m ilia r i z a t io n w ith m e th o d s and p r a c t i c e s o f the la b o r a t o r y .
P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y
o f r o u tin e a n a ly s e s , t e s t s , and o p e r a t io n s and a s s i s t s e x p e r ie n c e d c h e m is t s b y c a r r y in g
out d e t a ile d s te p s o r e x p e r im e n ts a c c o r d in g to s p e c if i c and d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s .
T y p i
c a lly r e c e i v e s f o r m a l c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n o r o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g .
II. In a c c o r d a n c e w ith in s t r u c t io n s on the d e t e r m in a tio n s to b e m a d e , in d e p e n d e n tly
s e l e c t s and a p p lie s sta n d a rd c h e m ic a l m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e s to the a n a ly s is o f s a m p le s .
C on d u cts s p e c if i e d p h a s e s o f r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s a s an a s s is t a n t to an e x p e r ie n c e d c h e m is t .
S u p e r v is o r s e s t a b lis h the n a tu re and e x te n t o f a n a ly s is r e q u ir e d , s p e c if y m e th o d s and
c r i t e r i a on n ew ty p e s o f a s s ig n m e n ts , and r e v ie w w o r k f o r th o r o u g h n e s s o f a p p lic a t io n
o f m e th o d s and a d e q u a c y o f r e s u lt s .
M ay r e c e i v e a d v a n c e d o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g o r f o r m a l
c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n .
HI. P e r f o r m s w o r k r e q u ir in g the k n o w le d g e o f a s p e c ia liz e d fie ld o f c h e m is t r y in the
in d e p e n d e n t e v a lu a tio n , s e le c t io n , and a p p lic a t io n o f sta n d a rd m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e s .
In gen u ity and e x p e r ie n c e a r e r e q u ir e d in d e v e lo p in g d e t a ils o f a s s ig n m e n ts in a c c o r d a n c e
w ith a lin e o f a p p r o a c h in d ic a t e d b y the s u p e r v i s o r and in ad ap tin g m e th o d s to the s p e c i f i c
r e q u ir e m e n t s o f a s s ig n m e n t s .
On r o u tin e a n a ly t ic a l w o rk , s u p e r v is io n is v e r y g e n e r a l;
u n u su a l p r o b le m s a r e r e s o lv e d w ith c l o s e c o lla b o r a t io n o f s u p e r v i s o r .
M ay s u p e r v is e
t e c h n ic ia n s p e r fo r m in g r o u tin e c o n t r o l a n a ly s e s .
C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r a p p li
c a tio n o f sou n d ju d g m e n t in c h o ic e o f m e th o d s and a d e q u a c y o f r e s u lt s .
IV . P la n s and c o n d u c ts w o r k in c h e m is t r y r e q u ir in g m a s t e r y o f s p e c ia liz e d t e c h
n iq u e s o r c o n s id e r a b le in g en u ity in s e le c t in g and e v a lu a tin g a p p r o a c h e s to u n fo r e s e e n o r
n o v e l p r o b le m s . P r e p a r e s in t e r p r e t iv e r e p o r t s o f r e s u lt s and m a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l
a d v ic e on s ig n ific a n c e o f r e s u lt s . G e n e r a lly w o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o f t e c h n ic a l s u p e r v is io n ,
bu t r e f e r s p r o p o s e d p la n s and u n u su a lly im p o r ta n t o r c o m p le x p r o b le m s to s u p e r v i s o r
f o r g u id a n ce . M ay s u p e r v is e a s m a ll s ta ff o f c h e m is t s and te c h n ic ia n s .
V. F r o m b r o a d p r o g r a m o b je c t iv e s , p la n s , o r g a n iz e s , and s u p e r v is e s o r c o n d u c ts
r e s e a r c h in v e s tig a t io n s w ith r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r d e fin in g p r o je c t s and s c o p e and in d e
p e n d e n tly s e le c t in g lin e s o f a p p r o a c h .
P a r t ic ip a t e s in pla n n in g r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m s on
the b a s i s o f s p e c ia liz e d k n o w le d g e o f p r o b le m s and m e th o d s and the p r o b a b le v a lu e o f
r e s u lt s .
A s in d iv id u a l w o r k e r , c a r r i e s out r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s r e q u ir in g b o th o r ig i n a
tio n o f n ew s c ie n t if i c te c h n iq u e s and a m a tu r e b a c k g r o u n d o f k n o w le d g e o f r e la t e d fie ld s
o f s c ie n c e . M ay s u p e r v is e a s m a ll g ro u p o f c h e m is t s en g a g e d in v a r ie d r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s
o r a la r g e r g ro u p on r o u tin e a n a ly t ic a l w o r k . M ay s e r v e a s an e x p e r t in a n a r r o w s p e
c ia lt y m a k in g r e c o m m e n d a t io n s and c o n c lu s io n s w h ich s e r v e a s the b a s i s f o r u n d erta k in g
o r r e je c t in g im p o r t a n t p r o j e c t s .
S u p e r v is io n r e c e i v e d r e la t e s la r g e ly to w o r k o b je c t iv e s
and a d m in is t r a t iv e a s p e c t s . U s u a lly d i s c u s s e s im p o r ta n t d e v e lo p m e n ts w ith s u p e r v i s o r .
VI. P e r f o r m s w o r k r e q u ir in g le a d e r s h ip and a u th o r ita tiv e n e s s in a s p e c ia liz e d f ie ld
o f c h e m is t r y . D e te r m in e s the k in d s o f p r o j e c t s and data n e e d e d to m e e t o b je c t iv e s o f p r o
g r a m s and p la n s , o r g a n iz e s , d i r e c t s , and e v a lu a te s the w o r k o f a g r o u p o f c h e m is t s s o a s
to a d v a n c e the p r o g r a m s a lo n g p r o fit a b le lin e s .
M a in ta in s lia is o n w ith r e la t e d o r g a n iz a
tio n s and r e p r e s e n t s the la b o r a t o r y in im p o r ta n t c o n f e r e n c e s , w ith a u th o r ity to c o m m it the
o r g a n iz a tio n .
A s an a u th o r ity in a s p e c ia liz e d f ie ld o f c h e m is t r y , c o n c e iv e s , p la n s , and
d i r e c t s p r o j e c t s o f a p io n e e r in g n a tu re to c r e a t e n ew m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e s o r to r e
s o lv e p r o b le m s w h ich h a v e p r o v e d u n u su a lly r e f r a c t o r y . M ay s e r v e a s a c o n s u lta n t to
o th e r c h e m is t s in the s p e c ia lt y fie ld .
S u p e r v is io n r e c e i v e d is e s s e n t ia lly a d m in is t r a t iv e ,
w ith a s s ig n m e n ts b r o a d ly in d ic a te d in t e r m s o f o b je c t iv e s .
39
E N G IN E E R
P e r f o r m s w o r k in r e s e a r c h , d e v e lo p m e n t, d e s ig n , te s tin g , a n a ly s is , p r o d u c tio n ,
c o n s t r u c t io n , m a in te n a n c e , o p e r a t io n , p la n n in g, s u r v e y , e s tim a tin g , a p p lic a t io n , o r s t a n d a r d i
z a tio n o f e n g in e e r in g f a c i l i t i e s , s y s t e m s , s t r u c t u r e s , p r o c e s s e s , e q u ip m e n t d e v ic e s , o r
m a t e r ia ls w h ich r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f the s c ie n c e and a r t b y w h ich m a t e r ia ls , n a tu r a l r e
s o u r c e s and p o w e r a r e m a d e u s e fu l. W o rk t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s a B . S. d e g r e e in e n g in e e r in g
o r the e q u iv a le n t in e x p e r i e n c e and e d u ca tio n c o m b in e d .
S a fety e n g in e e r s , in d u s tr ia l e n g in e e r s , q u a lity c o n t r o l e n g in e e r s , and s a le s e n g in e e r s
a r e to b e e x c lu d e d .
I. P e r f o r m s p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g in e e r in g w o r k o f a b e g in n in g le v e l u n d er c l o s e s u p e r
v is io n , w ith a s s ig n m e n ts p la n n ed to p r o v id e e x p e r ie n c e and f a m ilia r i z a t io n w ith m e th o d s
and p r a c t i c e s o f the c o m p a n y in the s p e c ia lt y fie ld .
P e r f o r m s r o u tin e ta sk s su ch a s
takin g m e a s u r e m e n t s , c o m p ilin g data, se ttin g up eq u ip m en t, p r e p a r in g d r a w in g s , p e r
fo r m in g c a lc u la t io n s , e tc . , a c c o r d in g to s p e c i f i c and d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s .
T y p ic a lly
r e c e i v e s f o r m a l c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n o r o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g .
II. P e r f o r m s r o u tin e e n g in e e r in g w o r k r e q u ir in g the in d ep en d en t a p p lic a t io n o f s ta n d
a r d te c h n iq u e s , p r o c e d u r e s , and c r i t e r i a in c a r r y in g out a s e q u e n c e o f r e la t e d e n g in e e r in g
o p e r a t io n s w ith lim it e d r e q u ir e m e n t s f o r the e x e r c i s e o f ju d g m e n t on d e t a ils o f the w o r k .
U s u a lly p e r f o r m s lim it e d p o r t io n s o f a b r o a d e r a s s ig n m e n t o f an e x p e r ie n c e d e n g in e e r .
S u p e r v is o r s c r e e n s a s s ig n m e n ts to e lim in a te d iffic u lt p r o b le m s and s e l e c t s te c h n iq u e s
and p r o c e d u r e s to b e a p p lie d .
M ay r e c e i v e a d v a n c e d o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g o r c l a s s
r o o m in s t r u c t io n .
III. P e r f o r m s e n g in e e r in g w o r k
a p p lic a t io n o f sta n d a rd te c h n iq u e s ,
m in o r a d a p ta tio n s and m o d ific a t io n s .
m e n t, m a t e r ia l s te s tin g , p r e p a r a t io n
tion , r e p o r t p r e p a r a t io n , e tc .
The
th is ty p e .
r e q u ir in g the in d ep en d en t ev a lu a tio n , s e le c t io n , and
p r o c e d u r e s , and c r i t e r i a , u sin g in g en u ity to m a k e
A s s ig n m e n t s in c lu d e e q u ip m e n t d e s ig n and d e v e lo p
o f s p e c ific a t io n s , p r o c e s s study, r e s e a r c h in v e s t ig a
fo llo w in g a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f m a n y p o s it io n s o f
(1)
Is in v o lv e d w ith c o n v e n tio n a l ty p e s o f p la n s , in v e s tig a t io n s , s u r v e y s , s t r u c
tu r e s , o r e q u ip m e n t w ith r e la t iv e ly fe w c o m p le x fe a t u r e s and f o r w h ich th e r e
a re p re ce d e n ts.
(2 )
C o o r d in a t e s w o r k o f d r a fts m e n ,
w ork p r o je c ts .
(3 )
R e c e iv e s in s t r u c t io n on s p e c i f i c a s s ig n m e n t o b je c t iv e s , p o in ts
r e f e r e n c e and in fo r m a t io n s o u r c e s , and p o s s ib le s o lu t io n s .
(4)
U n usu al p r o b le m s a r e s o lv e d jo in t ly w ith s u p e r v i s o r and w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r
a p p lic a t io n o f sou n d e n g in e e r in g ju d g m e n t.
in s p e c t o r s ,
and
o th e r t e c h n ic ia n s a s s ig n e d to
of
e m p h a s is ,
IV . P e r f o r m s e n g in e e r in g w o r k r e q u ir in g o r ig in a lit y and ju d g m e n t in the in d ep en d en t
ev a lu a tio n , s e le c t io n , and su b s ta n tia l a d a p ta tion o r m o d ific a t io n o f sta n d a rd te c h n iq u e s ,
p r o c e d u r e s , and c r i t e r i a . T h e fo llo w in g a r e c h a r a c t e r is t ic o f m a n y p o s it io n s o f th is ty p e:
(1)
Is in v o lv e d w ith c o n v e n tio n a l e n g in e e r in g p r a c t i c e s bu t in c lu d e s a v a r ie t y o f
c o m p le x fe a t u r e s su ch a s c o n flic t in g d e s ig n r e q u ir e m e n t s , u n s u ita b ility o f sta n d
a r d m a t e r ia l s , and d iffic u lt c o o r d in a t io n r e q u ir e m e n t s w h ich r e q u ir e a b r o a d
k n o w le d g e o r p r e c e d e n t s in the s p e c ia lit y a r e a and a g o o d k n o w le d g e o f p r in c ip le s
and p r a c t i c e s o f r e la t e d s p e c ia lit ie s .
(2)
P la n s , s c h e d u le s , and c o o r d in a t e s p h a s e s o f the e n g in e e r in g w o r k in a p a r t
o f a m a jo r p r o j e c t o r in a tota l p r o je c t o f m o d e r a t e
scope.
D e v is e s new
a p p r o a c h e s to p r o b le m s e n c o u n t e r e d in p r o je c t s .
(3 )
S u p e r v is e s s m a ll g ro u p o f e n g in e e r s and te c h n ic ia n s .
(4 )
R e c e iv e s d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce p r im a r i ly on n o v e l o r c o n t r o v e r s ia l
p r o b le m s o r q u e s t io n s .
M a k es u n r e v ie w e d t e c h n ic a l d e c is i o n s on d e t a ils o f
w ork c o v e r e d by p re ce d e n ts.
40
E N G IN E E R — C on tin u ed
V. P la n s , d e v e lo p s , c o o r d in a t e s , and c o n d u c ts a la r g e and im p o r ta n t e n g in e e r in g
p r o j e c t o r a n u m b e r o f s m a ll p r o je c t s w ith m a n y c o m p le x fe a t u r e s .
P o s it io n s a r e o f
tw o g e n e r a l ty p e s :
(A ) s u p e r v i s o r y and (B ) n o n s u p e r v is o r y .
(A )
T h e s u p e r v i s o r y p o s it io n s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e the s u p e r v is io n , c o o r d in a t io n and r e
v ie w o f a s m a ll s t a ff o f e n g in e e r s and te c h n ic ia n s w h ich in c lu d e s e s t im a tio n o f
m a n p o w e r n e e d s and s c h e d u lin g and a s s ig n in g o f w o r k to m e e t c o m p le t io n d a te s .
(B )
T h e n o n s u p e r v is o r y p o s it io n s in v o lv e c a r r y in g out c o m p le x o r n o v e l r e s e a r c h
a s s ig n m e n ts r e q u ir in g the d e v e lo p m e n t o f n ew o r im p r o v e d te c h n iq u e s and p r o
c e d u r e s , and p o s it io n s su ch a s s t a ff s p e c ia lis t s w h o d e v e lo p and e v a lu a te p la n s
and c r i t e r i a f o r a v a r ie t y o f p r o je c t s and a c t i v it ie s .
T h e fo llo w in g a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f b oth ty p e s o f p o s it io n s :
(1)
M a k e s d e c is i o n s in d e p e n d e n tly on e n g in e e r in g p r o b le m s and m e t h o d s .
(2 )
R e p r e s e n t s the o r g a n iz a tio n in c o n f e r e n c e s to r e s o l v e im p o r t a n t q u e s t io n s and
to p la n and c o o r d in a t e w o r k .
(3)
R e c e i v e s s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce o n ly in t e r m s o f s p e c i f i c o b je c t iv e s and on
c r i t i c a l is s u e s .
VI. P r o g r a m s , p la n s , c o o r d in a t e s a n u m b e r o f la r g e and im p o r t a n t p r o j e c t s o r
a p r o i e c t o f m a jo r s c o p e and im p o r t a n c e .
P o s it io n s m a y b e e it h e r (A ) s u p e r v i s o r y
o r (B ) n o n s u p e r v is o r y .
(A )
T h e s u p e r v i s o r y p o s it io n s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e the d ir e c t io n and c o n t r o l o f a s t a ff
o f p r o j e c t e n g in e e r s and a s s is t a n t s and o f a n u m b e r o f t e c h n ic ia n s and d r a fts m e n .
E v a lu a te s p r o g r e s s o f the s t a ff and the r e s u lt s o b ta in e d and r e c o m m e n d s m a jo r
c h a n g e s to a c h ie v e o v e r a ll o b je c t iv e s .
(B )
T h e n o n s u p e r v is o r y p o s it io n s in c lu d e a d v is o r y , c o n s u ltin g , and o th e r r e v ie w w o r k
a s s p e c ia lis t s o r e x p e r t s in a s p e c i f i c f ie ld o r r e la t e d a r e a s .
T h e fo llo w in g a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f b oth ty p e s o f p o s it io n s :
(1)
M a in ta in s lia is o n w ith o th e r o r g a n iz a tio n s and c o m p a n ie s .
(2 )
C o n c e iv e s , p la n s , and e x e c u t e s e n g in e e r in g p r o j e c t s , in v o lv in g e x p lo r a t io n o f
s u b je c t a r e a , d e fin it io n and s e le c t io n o f p r o b le m s f o r in v e s tig a t io n , and d e
v e lo p m e n t o f n o v e l d e s ig n c o n c e p t s and a p p r o a c h e s .
(3 )
U s u a lly h a s fin a l t e c h n ic a l r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r in te r p r e tin g , o r g a n iz in g ,
and c o o r d in a tin g a s s ig n m e n t s .
e x e cu tin g ,
M A T H E M A T IC IA N
P e r f o r m s in v e s tig a t io n , a n a ly s is , and s o lu tio n o f p r o b le m s and r e la t io n s h ip s b y
m e a n s o f the p r in c ip le s and m e t h o d s o f m a th e m a tic s , w h e r e the p r im a r y c o n c e r n is the
e x a c titu d e o f the r e la t io n s h ip s sta ted , the r i g o r and e c o n o m y o f o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d , and
the l o g i c a l n e c e s s it y o f r e s u lt s w h ich a r e p r o v a b le b y d e d u ctio n , r a th e r than the a n s w e r in g
o f q u e s tio n s a b ou t p h y s ic a l situ a tio n s w h ic h ca n b e v a lid a te d b y o b s e r v a t io n . W o rk t y p ic a lly
r e q u ir e s a b a c h e l o r 1s d e g r e e in m a th e m a tic s o r the e q u iv a le n t in e x p e r ie n c e and e d u c a
tio n c o m b in e d .
T h is c a t e g o r y in c lu d e s m a th e m a tic a l s t a t is t ic ia n p o s it io n s w h ich a r e c o n c e r n e d w ith
the d e v e lo p m e n t and a d a p ta tio n o f m a th e m a tic a l s t a t is t ic a l th e o r y and m e t h o d o lo g y f o r v a r io u s
ty p e s o f s t a t is t ic a l in v e s t ig a t io n s .
It d o e s n ot in c lu d e a c t u a r ie s o r s u r v e y o r a n a ly t ic a l
s t a t is t ic ia n s .
41
M A T H E M A T IC IA N — C on tin u ed
I. A p p lie s a v a r ie t y o f sta n d a rd m a th e m a tic a l te c h n iq u e s in c a r r y in g out a s s ig n m e n ts
w h ich a r e c o n fin e d to a fe w r e la t e d p r o c e s s e s r a th e r than to the fu ll s e q u e n c e o f ste p s
in r e c o g n i z a b le p r o b le m s . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e p la n n ed to p r o v id e tr a in in g f o r m o r e a d v a n c e d
p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r k . S u p e r v is io n is c l o s e ; m e th o d s and c o m p u tin g in s t r u c t io n s a r e e x p la in e d
b y th e s u p e r v i s o r , and th e r e is lit t le op p o r tu n ity f o r th e e x e r c i s e o f m a th e m a tic a l ju d g
m e n t. M ay r e c e i v e f o r m a l c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n o r o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g .
II. P e r f o r m s a n a ly s e s and c o m p u ta tio n s , on a s s ig n e d p h a s e s o f p r o b le m s w h e r e the
o b je c t iv e s a r e s p e c i f i c and n a r r o w and the o u tc o m e g e n e r a lly p r e d ic t a b le , but w h ich r e
q u ir e e x te n d e d c a lc u la t io n s and in v o lv e s o m e c h o ic e o r a v a r ie t y o f sta n d a rd m a th e m a tic a l
n u m e r ic a l m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e s . T h e s u p e r v is o r e x p la in s the o b je c t iv e s and b o u n d a r ie s
o f the a s s ig n m e n ts and h ow it fit s in to the to ta l p r o b le m , bu t s o m e o r ig in a l th in kin g
is
r e q u ir e d in d e t a ile d p la n n in g o f w o r k .
M ay r e c e i v e a d v a n c e d o n - t h e - jo b tr a in in g o r
c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n .
HI. A n a ly z e s and s o l v e s s p e c i f i c p r o b le m s f o r w h ich a lr e a d y d e v e lo p e d m a th e m a ti
c a l t h e o r y is a v a ila b le bu t w h ich r e q u ir e the c o m p a r a t iv e e v a lu a tio n , s e le c t io n , and
a p p lic a t io n o f sta n d a rd m a th e m a tic a l m e th o d s in s o lv in g p r o b le m s o r g r o u p s o f p r o b le m s .
C r it ic a l r e la t io n s h ip s , r e s t r i c t i o n s on the so lu tio n , and a n tic ip a te d r e s u lt s a r e o u tlin e d
w ith the a s s ig n m e n t, bu t the in cu m b e n t ta k e s the in itia t iv e in lo c a t in g and a d ap tin g s i g
n ific a n t data, u s e fu l fo r m u la s and o th e r p r e c e d e n t s .
C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r
g e n e r a l c o n s is t e n c y , m e t h o d o lo g y , and a d e q u a c y in m e e t in g the o b je c t iv e .
IV . P e r f o r m s m a th e m a tic a l w o r k w h e r e o r ig in a l th in kin g in the a d a p ta tion o r r e
fin e m e n t o f g e n e r a l m e th o d s is r e q u ir e d to s o lv e u n iqu e p r o b le m s n o t c o v e r e d b y i m
m e d ia t e ly a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t . T h is is the f i r s t le v e l at w h ich r e s p o n s ib ili t y is fou n d
f o r p r o j e c t s in m a th e m a tic a l r e s e a r c h , su ch p r o j e c t s b e in g qu ite r e s t r i c t e d a s to s u b
je c t area .
O th e r p o s it io n s at this le v e l in v o lv e a p p lic a t io n o f a n a ly t ic a l and c o m p u ta tio n a l
m e th o d s to a v a r ie t y o f p r o b le m s in a n a r r o w s p e c ia liz e d s u b je c t -m a t t e r a r e a , but w h e r e
s o lu t io n s m a y h ave g e n e r a l a p p lic a b ilit y to s i m il a r w o r k . In cu m b en ts a r e g iv e n a g e n e r a l
s ta te m e n t o f r e s u lt s d e s ir e d , a p p r o a c h to be ta k en , and w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e s u b j e c t - m a t t e r
b a ck g ro u n d . T h e y then a s s u m e the in itia tiv e in p la n n in g and c a r r y in g out the w o r k in d e
p en d e n tly , a ft e r o b ta in in g a p p r o v a l o f th e ir p r o p o s e d plan.
V. T h is le v e l in v o lv e s r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r r e la t iv e l y b r o a d r e s e a r c h a s s ig n m e n t s in
on e o f the s p e c ia liz e d b r a n c h e s o f m a th e m a tic s o r for. a p p lic a t io n s o f m a th e m a tic s to
b r o a d s u b je c t -m a t t e r s p e c ia liz a t io n s in v o lv in g c o m p le x p r o b le m s and in t e r r e la t io n s h ip s ,
and n o lim ita tio n s a s to d e g r e e o f d iffic u lt y .
In cu m b e n ts m a y s u g g e s t r e s e a r c h and
a n a ly s is a s s ig n m e n ts on the b a s i s o f th e ir r e c o g n it io n o f n e e d f o r n ew m e th o d s o r k n o w
le d g e a b ou t b a s i c m a th e m a tic a l o r s u b je c t -m a t t e r p h e n o m e n a and the v a lu e o f e x p e c t e d
r e s u lt . T e c h n ic a l ju d g m e n ts and d e c is i o n s ex ten d to a ll p h a s e s o f p la n n in g and e x e c u
tio n o f a s s ig n m e n t s .
T h e ir c o n c lu s io n s a r e a s ig n ific a n t p a r t o f the b a s i s f o r c o m
m itm e n ts b y o t h e r s c o n c e r n in g m e t h o d s to b e a p p lie d to t h e o r e t ic a l r e s e a r c h o r the
a d o p tio n , m o d ific a t io n o r r e je c t i o n o f im p o r ta n t r e s e a r c h o r d e v e lo p m e n t p r o j e c t s .
VI.
A s an a u th o r ity w ith in th is b r a n c h o f m a th e m a tic s o r in the a p p lic a t io n o f m a th e
m a t ic s to a s u b je c t -m a t t e r fie ld , is r e s p o n s ib le f o r the e v a lu a tio n , in itia tio n , and e x e
c u tio n o f c o m p le x m a t h e m a tic a l r e s e a r c h , o r f o r the a p p lic a t io n o f m a th e m a t ic s to a
s u b je c t - m a t t e r fie ld o f b r o a d s c o p e and im p o r t a n c e .
In cu m b e n ts o f p o s it io n s at th is
le v e l c o m m o n ly s e r v e a s c o n s u lta n ts to o th e r m a th e m a tic ia n s and s u b je c t -m a t t e r s p e
c i a l i s t s . T h e y in itia te m a n y o f th e ir ow n r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s .
A s s ig n m e n t s , w h en g iv e n ,
c o n s is t o f b r o a d o u tlin e s o f the p r o b le m and its u r g e n c y .
M e th o d s d e v e lo p e d a r e f r e
q u en tly u s e d b y o t h e r s b oth w ith in and o u ts id e the o r g a n iz a tio n . In cu m b e n ts m a y a ls o ,
w ith in g e n e r a l p o li c y , c o m m it th e ir o r g a n iz a tio n s to p a r t ic ip a t io n in jo in t w o r k w ith o th e r
o r g a n iz a t io n s .
C o n c lu s io n s fr e q u e n t ly r e la t e to c r i t i c a l r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s in v o lv in g la r g e
e x p e n d itu r e s o f m o n e y o r im p o r ta n t c o m p a n y c o m m itm e n ts .
42
M A T H E M A T IC IA N — C on tin u ed
VII.
P la n s , c o o r d in a t e s , and e x e c u te s h ig h ly c o m p le x m a th e m a tic a l r e s e a r c h o r its
a p p lic a t io n s to p r o je c t s and p r o g r a m s o f b r o a d s c o p e and im p o r t a n c e , o r p r o v id e s h igh
l e v e l c o n s u lta t io n and a d v ic e to top t e c h n ic a l and a d m in is t r a tiv e p e r s o n n e l w ith in the
com pan y.
In cu m b en ts t y p ic a lly s e r v e as the top m a th e m a tic a l c o n s u lta n t to a la b o r a t o r y
o r o th e r o r g a n iz a tio n on p r o g r a m s w h ich c o n s titu te on e o f the m a jo r o b je c t iv e s o f the
o r g a n iz a t io n but in w h ich s e v e r a l s c ie n c e s c o n t r ib u t e and m a th e m a tic s is o n ly on e a p
p r o a c h . R e s e a r c h and e v a lu a tio n stu d ie s b y the in cu m b e n t c o n c e r n m a jo r p r o je c t s and
p o l i c i e s o f the o r g a n iz a tio n and t y p ic a lly r e s u lt in c o n c lu s io n s c o n c e r n in g the w o rth o f
t h e o r e t ic a l o r e x p e r im e n t a l p r o j e c t s , e q u ip m e n t, e tc .
D IR E C T O R ,
R E S E A R C H AN D D E V E L O P M E N T
A s in cu m b e n t o f the top t e c h n ic a l jo b in the c o m p a n y o r p la n t, p la n s , o r g a n iz e s ,
and c o n t r o ls r e s e a r c h and d e v e lo p m e n t p r o g r a m f o r c o m p a n y o r m a jo r o r g a n iz a tio n w ith in
com pan y.
T he fo llo w in g a r e t y p ic a l d u tie s and r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s : F o r m u la t e s and e s t a b lis h e s
p r o g r a m s to im p r o v e and d e v e lo p n ew p r o d u c ts and p r o c e s s e s and r e d u c e c o s t s o f p r e s e n t
p r o d u c t s and p r o c e s s e s . P la n s and e f fe c t s c o o r d in a t io n a m o n g the r e la t e d r e s e a r c h and d e
v e lo p m e n t a c t i v it ie s . D e fin e s and e s t a b lis h e s p r i o r i t i e s f o r p o r t io n s o f the p r o g r a m o r p r o j
e cts.
D e t e r m in e s and e s t a b lis h e s b u d g et le v e ls f o r r e s e a r c h and d e v e lo p m e n t e x p e n d itu r e s
w ith in o v e r a l l fin a n c ia l p o l i c i e s .
R e v ie w s and e v a lu a te s p r o j e c t o r p r o g r a m p r o g r e s s and
r e s u lt s in t e r m s o f e s t a b lis h e d p la n s and sta te d g o a ls to d e t e r m in e e ffe c t iv e n e s s o f a p p r o a c h
and a c h ie v e m e n t s .
Personnel
Management
JO B A N A L Y S T
P e r f o r m s w o rk in v o lv e d in c o lle c t in g , a n a ly z in g , and d e v e lo p in g o c c u p a t io n a l data
r e la t iv e to j o b s , jo b q u a lific a t io n s , and w o r k e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s as a b a s is f o r c o m p e n s a tin g
e m p lo y e e s in a f a i r , e q u ita b le , and u n ifo r m m a n n e r .
P e r f o r m s s u c h d u tie s as stu d yin g
and a n a ly z in g jo b s and p r e p a r in g d e s c r ip t i o n s o f d u tie s and r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s and o f the p h y s ic a l
and m e n ta l r e q u ir e m e n t s n e e d e d b y w o r k e r s ; ev a lu a tin g jo b s and d e t e r m in in g a p p r o p r ia te
w a g e o r s a la r y le v e ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e ir d iffic u lt y and r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; in d e p e n d e n tly c o n
d u ctin g o r p a r t ic ip a tin g w ith r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s o f o th e r c o m p a n ie s in the c o n d u c t o f c o m p e n s a
tio n s u r v e y s w ith in a l o c a li t y o r la b o r m a r k e t a r e a ; a s s is t in g in a d m in is t e r in g m e r it - r a t in g
p r o g r a m ; r e v ie w in g ch a n g e s in w a g e s and s a la r ie s in d ic a t e d b y s u r v e y s and r e c o m m e n d in g
ch a n g e s in p a y s c a l e s ; and au d itin g in d iv id u a l jo b s to c h e c k the p r o p r i e t y o f e v a lu a tio n s and
to a p p ly c u r r e n t jo b c la s s i f i c a t i o n s .
I.
A s a t r a in e e , p e r f o r m s w o r k in d e s ig n a t e d a r e a s and o f lim it e d o c c u p a t io n a l
scop e.
R e c e iv e s im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n in a s s ig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to p r o v id e tr a in in g
in the a p p lic a t io n o f e s t a b lis h e d m e th o d s and te c h n iq u e o f jo b a n a ly s is .
S tu d ies the
le a s t d iffic u lt jo b s and p r e p a r e s r e p o r t s f o r r e v ie w b y a jo b a n a ly s t o f h ig h e r le v e l.
II.
S tu d ie s, d e s c r i b e s , and e v a lu a te s jo b s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith e s t a b lis h e d p r o
cedu res.
Is u s u a lly a s s ig n e d to the s i m p le r k in d s o f b o th w a g e and s a la r ie d jo b s in
the e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly on su c h a s s ig n m e n ts bu t is lim it e d b y i n s t r u c
tio n s o f h is s u p e r io r and b y d e fin e d a r e a o f a s s ig n m e n t.
III.
A n a ly z e s and e v a lu a te s a v a r ie t y o f w ag e and s a la r ie d jo b s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith
e s t a b lis h e d e v a lu a tio n s y s t e m s and p r o c e d u r e s .
M a y c o n d u c t w a g e s u r v e y s w ith in the
lo c a l i t y o r p a r t ic ip a t e in c o n d u c tin g s u r v e y s o f b r o a d c o m p e n s a tio n a r e a s . M ay a s s i s t
in d e v e lo p in g s u r v e y m e th o d s and p la n s . R e c e iv e s g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , but r e s p o n s ib ili t y
f o r fin a l a c tio n is lim it e d .
IV .
P a r t ic ip a t e s in the d e v e lo p m e n t, in s t a lla tio n , and a d m in is t r a tio n o f e v a lu a tio n
and c o m p e n s a tio n s y s t e m s , w h ich m a y in clu d e th o s e f o r m e r it ra tin g p r o g r a m s . R e c e iv e s
v e r y b r o a d a s s ig n m e n ts and is u s u a lly r e s p o n s ib le f o r ev a lu a tin g the m o r e d iffic u lt k in d s
o f s a la r ie d j o b s .
M a y p la n s u r v e y m e th o d s and c o n d u c t o r d i r e c t w a g e s u r v e y s w ith in a
b r o a d c o m p e n s a tio n a r e a .
43
E M PLO YM EN T MANAGER
R e s p o n s ib le f o r p la n n in g and o p e r a t in g a p r o g r a m to su p p ly s a t is f a c t o r y m a n p o w e r
to m e e t the p e r s o n n e l r e q u ir e m e n t s o f a c o m p a n y .
T h is p r o g r a m t y p ic a lly in c lu d e s a n a
ly z in g jo b s to b e f il l e d to e s t a b lis h (in c o o p e r a t io n w ith o p e r a t in g s u p e r v i s o r s ) the e x p e r
ie n c e , e d u ca tio n , p e r s o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and o th e r q u a lific a t io n s r e q u ir e d ; r e c r u it in g n ew
e m p lo y e e s b y u s e o f a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e s and te c h n iq u e s ; in te r v ie w in g p r o s p e c t iv e e m p lo y e e s
and m a k in g in itia l s e l e c t io n s s u b je c t to fin a l s e l e c t io n b y o p e r a t in g s u p e r v i s o r s ; r e v ie w in g
e m p lo y m e n t and e d u c a tio n a l h is t o r ie s o f a p p lic a n ts ; a d m in is t e r in g w r itte n o r p e r fo r m a n c e
t e s t s w hen n e c e s s a r y ; and c h e c k in g r e f e r e n c e s on a p p lic a n ts .
O th er fu n c tio n s w h ich a r e s o m e t im e s in c lu d e d in the e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r* s jo b
o r p e r f o r m e d u n d e r h is s u p e r v is io n a r e :
O rie n ta tio n tr a in in g o f n ew e m p lo y e e s ; r e v ie w in g
and a p p r o v in g t r a n s fe r s and p r o m o t io n s ; c o n d u c tin g " e x i t - i n t e r v i e w s " w ith e m p lo y e e s le a v in g
th e c o m p a n y ; " o u t - p l a c e m e n t " o f e m p lo y e e s s e p a r a te d b e c a u s e o f c u tb a c k s in la b o r f o r c e ;
h a n d lin g u n e m p lo y m e n t c o m p e n s a tio n o r w o r k m e n ^ c o m p e n s a tio n p r o b le m s ; m a in ta in in g p e r
s o n n e l f i l e s and r e c o r d s , e tc .
T h e e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r h as fu ll r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r the a b o v e fu n c tio n s , s u b je c t
o n ly to g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , u s u a lly f r o m the p e r s o n n e l d i r e c t o r , in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s m a n a g e r ,
o r s i m il a r c o m p a n y o f f i c i a l .
I.
R e s p o n s ib le f o r an e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m c o v e r in g p la n t (u n s k ille d , s e m is k i lle d ,
and s k ille d tr a d e s and la b o r ) jo b s and o f f i c e ( c l e r i c a l and o f f i c e m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ) j o b s ,
w hen the n u m b e r o f jo b s (e m p lo y e e s ) in o r g a n iz a tio n s e r v i c e d r a n g e s f r o m ab ou t 300 to
1, 000.
A r e a o f r e c r u it m e n t is t y p ic a lly l o c a l , u sin g s u c h s o u r c e s as n e w s p a p e r a d s ,
State o r p r iv a t e e m p lo y m e n t o f f i c e s , la b o r u n io n s , l o c a l h igh s c h o o ls , b u s in e s s s c h o o ls ,
tr a d e s c h o o l s , o r r e c o m m e n d a tio n s o f p r e s e n t e m p lo y e e s .
S e le c t io n m e th o d s t y p ic a lly
in c lu d e s u c h te c h n iq u e s as in t e r v ie w s , r e v ie w o f e m p lo y m e n t and e d u ca tio n h i s t o r i e s ,
a d m in is t r a tio n o f w r itte n o r p e r f o r m a n c e t e s t s , and r e f e r e n c e c h e c k in g .
ger
II.
I,
R e s p o n s ib le f o r an e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m s i m il a r to that o f e m p lo y m e n t m a n a
but w h e r e the n u m b e r o f jo b s s e r v ic e d r a n g e s f r o m ab ou t 1, 000 to 5 ,0 0 0 .
or
II.
R e s p o n s ib le f o r an e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m c o v e r in g p la n t and o f f i c e jo b s as f o r
e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r
I, bu t, in a d d itio n , c o v e r in g p r o f e s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, a d m in is t r a
tiv e , o r m a n a g e r ia l jo b s w hen the to ta l n u m b e r o f jo b s in the o r g a n iz a tio n s e r v i c e d
r a n g e s f r o m a b ou t 300 to 1 ,0 0 0 .
A r e a o f r e c r u it m e n t is t y p ic a lly l o c a l but m a y be
r e g io n a l in s c o p e f o r the p r o f e s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, and a d m in is t r a tiv e p o s it io n s . S o u r c e s
o f r e c r u it m e n t in c lu d e , in a d d itio n to th o s e f o r e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r
I, c o lle g e s and
u n iv e r s it ie s , t e c h n ic a l s c h o o ls , p r o f e s s io n a l s o c i e t i e s , o r t e c h n ic a l jo u r n a ls . S e le c t io n
m e th o d s a r e the s a m e as th o s e u s e d b y e m p lo y m e n t m a n a g e r
I.
III.
R e s p o n s ib le f o r an e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m s i m il a r
ger
II(s e c o n d p a r a g r a p h ), but w h e r e the n u m b e r o f jo b s
r a n g e s f r o m ab ou t 1 ,0 0 0 to 5 ,0 0 0 .
to that o f e m p lo y m e n t m a n a
in the o r g a n iz a tio n s e r v i c e d
IV .
R e s p o n s ib le f o r an e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m s i m il a r
ger
II(s e c o n d p a r a g r a p h ), but w h e r e the n u m b e r o f jo b s
r a n g e s f r o m a b ou t 5 ,0 0 0 to 1 5 ,0 0 0 .
to that o f e m p lo y m e n t m a n a
in the o r g a n iz a tio n s e r v i c e d
D IR E C T O R O F P E R S O N N E L
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a p e r s o n n e l m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m f o r a c o m p a n y o r a p la n t o r e s t a b
lis h m e n t o f a p a r e n t c o m p a n y . T h e p r o g r a m in c lu d e s at le a s t fiv e o f the fo llo w in g fu n c tio n s :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6 .
7.
R e c r u it m e n t and p la c e m e n t .
J o b e v a lu a tio n (jo b c la s s if i c a t io n ) .
W age o r s a la r y s u r v e y s .
T r a in in g .
L a b o r r e la t io n s .
In d u s tr ia l h ea lth o r s a fe ty .
P e r s o n n e l f i l e s and r e c o r d s .
44
D IR E C T O R O F P E R S O N N E L — C on tin u ed
O th e r fu n c tio n s w h ich m a y o r m a y n ot b e p r e s e n t in clu d e su ch th in gs a s : R e c r e a
tio n a l p r o g r a m s ; c a fe t e r ia ; p e r s o n n e l o r p la n t s e c u r it y ; b e n e f ic ia l s u g g e s t io n s ; m e r it r a tin g s ;
and a d m in is t r a tio n o f r e t ir e m e n t , p e n s io n , o r in s u r a n c e p la n s .
I.
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a p la n t o r e s t a b lis h m e n t p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m , w ith in p o l i c i e s ,
s y s t e m s , and g e n e r a l m e th o d s e s t a b lis h e d b y the p a r e n t c o m p a n y .
The w ork fo r c e
s e r v e d ra n g e s in s i z e f r o m a b ou t 300 to 1 ,0 0 0 and c o n s is t s a lm o s t e x c lu s i v e ly o f p la n t
(u n s k ille d , s e m is k i lle d , and s k ille d tr a d e s and la b o r ) jo b s and o f f i c e ( c l e r i c a l and o f f i c e
m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ) jo b s . L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s , i f an y, a r e c o n fin e d to n e g o
tia tio n s w ith u n ion s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n .
II.
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a p la n t o r e s t a b lis h m e n t p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m , w ith in p o l i c i e s ,
s y s t e m s , and g e n e r a l m e th o d s e s t a b lis h e d b y the p a r e n t c o m p a n y .
The w ork fo r c e
s e r v e d r a n g e s in s i z e f r o m ab ou t 300 to 1 ,0 0 0 and c o n s is t s o f p la n t and o f f i c e ,
and
t e c h n ic a l, p r o f e s s io n a l, and a d m in is t r a tiv e jo b s .
L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s i n
c lu d e s e r v in g a s a m e m b e r o f the c o m p a n y te a m in u n ion c o n t r a c t n e g o tia tio n s as w e ll
as h an d lin g n e g o tia tio n s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n .
or
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a p la n t o r e s t a b lis h m e n t p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m , w ith in p o l i c i e s , s y s t e m s ,
and g e n e r a l m e th o d s e s t a b lis h e d b y the p a r e n t c o m p a n y . T h e w o r k f o r c e s e r v e d r a n g e s
in s i z e f r o m a b ou t 1 ,0 0 0 to 5 ,0 0 0 and c o n s is t s a lm o s t e x c lu s i v e ly o f p la n t and o f f i c e
jo b s . L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s , i f an y, a r e c o n fin e d to n e g o tia tio n s w ith u n ion s
on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n .
or
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a c o m p a n y p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m , in clu d in g r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r d e v e lo p
in g and r e c o m m e n d in g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s to top c o m p a n y m a n a g e m e n t. T he w o r k f o r c e
s e r v e d r a n g e s in s i z e f r o m a b ou t 300 to 1 ,0 0 0 and c o n s is t s , a lm o s t e x c lu s i v e ly , o f
p la n t and o f f i c e jo b s . M a y h a v e la b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s , e it h e r f o r n e g o tia tio n s
w ith u n ion s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n , o r f o r s e r v in g as a m e m b e r o f the
c o m p a n y te a m in u n ion c o n t r a c t n e g o t ia t io n s .
III. R e s p o n s ib le f o r a c o m p a n y p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m in clu d in g r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r d e v e l
o p in g and r e c o m m e n d in g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s to top c o m p a n y m a n a g e m e n t. T he w o r k f o r c e
s e r v e d r a n g e s in s i z e f r o m a b ou t 1, 000 to 5, 000 and c o n s is t s o f p la n t and o f f i c e , and
t e c h n ic a l, p r o f e s s io n a l, and a d m in is t r a t iv e jo b s . M ay h a v e la b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s i b i l i
t i e s , e it h e r f o r n e g o tia tio n s w ith u n ion s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n , o r f o r
s e r v in g as a m e m b e r o f the c o m p a n y te a m in u n ion c o n t r a c t n e g o t ia t io n s .
or
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a p la n t o r e s t a b lis h m e n t p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m , w ith in p o l i c i e s , s y s t e m s ,
and g e n e r a l m e th o d s e s t a b lis h e d b y the p a r e n t c o m p a n y . T he w o r k f o r c e s e r v e d r a n g e s
in s i z e f r o m ab ou t 5, 000 to 15, 000 and c o n s is t s o f p la n t and o f f i c e , and t e c h n ic a l,
p r o f e s s i o n a l , and a d m in is t r a tiv e jo b s .
L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s , i f an y, a r e
c o n fin e d to n e g o tia tio n s w ith u n ion s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n .
IV .
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a c o m p a n y p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m in clu d in g r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r d e
v e lo p in g and r e c o m m e n d in g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s to top c o m p a n y m a n a g e m e n t.
The w ork
f o r c e s e r v e d r a n g e s in s i z e f r o m ab ou t 5, 000 to 15, 000 and c o n s is t s o f p la n t and o f f i c e ,
and t e c h n ic a l, p r o f e s s io n a l, and a d m in is t r a tiv e jo b s .
L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s ,
i f an y, a r e c o n fin e d to n e g o tia tio n s w ith u n ion s on p r o b le m s o f c o n t r a c t in te r p r e ta t io n .
or
R e s p o n s ib le f o r a c o m p a n y p e r s o n n e l p r o g r a m in clu d in g r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r d e v e lo p
in g and r e c o m m e n d in g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s to top c o m p a n y m a n a g e m e n t. T he w o r k f o r c e
s e r v e d r a n g e s f r o m ab ou t 1 ,0 0 0 to 5, 000 and c o n s is t s o f p la n t and o f f i c e , and t e c h n ic a l,
p r o f e s s i o n a l , and a d m in is t r a tiv e jo b s .
L a b o r r e la t io n s r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s in c lu d e m a jo r
r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r r e p r e s e n t in g the c o m p a n y as p r in c ip a l r e p r e s e n t a t iv e in u n ion c o n
t r a c t n e g o t ia t io n s .
45
Clerical
M ANAGER,
Supervisory
O F F IC E S E R V IC E S
S u p e r v is e s a g ro u p o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p r o v id in g o f f i c e s e r v i c e s o f a s u p p o r t
in g o r " h o u s e k e e p in g 11 n a tu re f o r the p r im a r y o p e r a t io n s o f a c o m p a n y , an e s t a b lis h m e n t ,
o r an o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit o f a c o m p a n y o r e s t a b lis h m e n t . J ob in c lu d e s fu ll and in d ep en d en t
r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r p la n n in g , d ir e c t in g , and c o n t r o llin g o f o f f i c e s e r v i c e s , s u b je c t o n ly to the
m o s t g e n e r a l p o l i c y s u p e r v is io n .
P la y s an a c t iv e r o le in a n ticip a tin g and p la n n in g to m e e t
o f f i c e s e r v i c e s n e e d s o f the o p e r a tin g o r g a n iz a tio n s e r v e d . T y p ic a l o f f i c e s e r v i c e s in c lu d e :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6 .
7.
8 .
9.
R e c e ip t , d is tr ib u tio n , and d is p a t c h o f m a il.
M a in te n a n ce o f c e n t r a l f i l e s .
P r in tin g o r d u p lic a tio n and d is tr ib u tio n o f f o r m s , p u b lic a t io n s , e t c .
P u r c h a s in g o f f i c e s u p p lie s and eq u ip m en t.
R e c o r d s c o n t r o l and d is p o s a l.
C o m m u n ic a tio n s (te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d a n d /o r te le ty p e s e r v i c e ) .
T y p in g o r s t e n o g r a p h ic p o o l.
O ffic e eq u ip m e n t m a in te n a n ce and r e p a ir .
S p a c e c o n t r o l o v e r o f f i c e f a c ili t ie s (la y o u t and a r r a n g e m e n t o f o f f i c e s ) .
I.
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g a fe w (e . g. , 4 o r 5) o f
the a b o v e fu n c tio n s as a s e r v i c e to a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n (e . g. , 300 to 600 e m p lo y e e s ,
e x c lu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ).
II.
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g a fe w (e . g. , 4 o r 5) o f
the
above
fu n c tio n s
as a s e r v i c e to a m o d e r a t e ly la r g e o r g a n iz a tio n (e . g. ,
1 ,5 0 0 e m p lo y e e s , e x clu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ).
600
to
or
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g m o s t (e . g. , 7 o r b) o f the
a b o v e fu n c tio n s as a s e r v i c e to a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n (e . g. , 300 to 600 e m p lo y e e s , e x
clu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ).
III.
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g a fe w (e . g. , 4 o r 5) o f
the a b o v e
fu n c tio n s
as a s e r v i c e to a la r g e o r g a n iz a tio n (e . g. , 1, 500 to 3, 000 e m
p lo y e e s , e x c lu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ).
or
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s en g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g m o s t (e . g. , 7 o r 8) o f the
a b o v e fu n c tio n s as a s e r v i c e to a m o d e r a t e ly la r g e o r g a n iz a tio n (e . g. , 600 to 1 ,5 0 0 e m
p lo y e e s , e x c lu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ) .
IV .
S u p e r v is e s a s t a ff o f e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in p e r fo r m in g m o s t (e . g. , 7 o r 8) o f
the a b o v e
fu n c tio n s as a s e r v i c e to a la r g e o r g a n iz a t io n (e. g. , 1, 500 to 3, 000 e m p lo y e e s ,
e x c lu d in g n o n s u p e r v is o r y p la n t w o r k e r s ).
S U P E R V IS O R ,
KEYPUNCH
I.
A s a w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r , p e r f o r m s k e y p u n ch m a ch in e o p e r a t io n , and d a y - t o - d a y
s u p e r v is io n o f the w o r k and p r o d u c tio n o f a g ro u p o f k e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s .
D is t r ib u te s and
a s s ig n s d a ily w o r k , in s t r u c t s o p e r a t o r s in n ew p r o c e d u r e s and a n s w e r s o p e r a t o r q u e s tio n s
r e g a r d in g the a s s ig n e d w o r k .
(K ey p u n ch o p e r a t o r s p u n ch the b a s i c data in to pu n ch c a r d s
w h ich a r e th en u s e d b y ta bu la tin g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s .)
II.
A s the c h ie f o f a k e y p u n ch o p e r a t io n u nit, p la n ^ , o r g a n iz e s , and d ir e c t s w o r k
o f a g ro u p o f k e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s .
(T h e g ro u p m a y in c lu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v i s o r s w h e r e the
w o r k v o lu m e w a r r a n t s .) T h is is the f i r s t f u ll- t i m e s u p e r v is o r y ^ le v e l and in c lu d e s the p e r
f o r m a n c e o f s u c h d u tie s a s : P la n n in g the w o r k o f the u nit, d e t e r m in in g tim e r e q u ir e m e n t s
f o r jo b s as a s s ig n e d , s e q u e n c in g w o r k o p e r a t io n to m a k e e ffic ie n t u s e o f p e r s o n n e l and
m a c h in e s , s e le c t in g n ew e m p lo y e e s , p la n n in g and c o n d u c tin g tr a in in g o f e m p lo y e e s , and
p la n n in g and in s t a llin g n ew m e th o d s and p r o c e d u r e s .
46
S U P E R V IS O R ,
PAYROLL
A s c h ie f o f a p a y r o ll o f f i c e , s u p e r v is e s a g ro u p o f p a y r o ll and tim e c l e r k s , and
m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s as r e q u ir e d in the m a in te n a n ce o f p a y r o ll and tim e r e c o r d s and the
p r o c e s s i n g o f the p a y r o ll. T h e w o r k o f the g ro u p t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s the p r o c e s s i n g o f r e g
u la r and s u p p le m e n ta l p a y r o lls in clu d in g p a y c h a n g e s ; the c l e r i c a l m a in te n a n ce o f v a r io u s
p a y and tim e r e c o r d s ; m a in te n a n ce and c l e r i c a l au d it o f c o n t r o ls and r e c o r d s to a s s u r e
a c c u r a c y ; and in s o m e s itu a tio n s , th e m a in te n a n ce o f v a c a tio n and s i c k le a v e r e c o r d s .
It
is a ls o c h a r a c t e r is t ic o f p o s it io n s o f th is ty p e that th e y a r e c o n c e r n e d w ith a v a r ie t y o f
p a y p la n s o r s c h e d u le s in clu d in g th o s e f o r r e g u la r h o u r ly and s a la r ie d e m p lo y e e s , and in
s o m e c a s e s f o r e m p lo y e e s on a p a r t -t im e o r c o n s u ltin g b a s i s .
T he w o r k p r o c e d u r e s and
s y s t e m s u s e d a r e t y p ic a lly c o m p lic a t e d b y a n u m b e r o f the fo llo w in g f a c t o r s :
Pay c o m
p u ta tion in v o lv in g u s e o f o v e r t im e r a t e s , s p e c ia l r a t e s , p ie c e w o r k p lu s sta n d a rd h o u r ly
r a t e s , and o th e r ; and c o m p u ta tio n o f a n u m b e r o f sta n d a r d an d n o n s ta n d a rd d e d u c tio n s in
clu d in g th o s e f o r t a x e s , s a v in g s b o n d s , in s u r a n c e , d u e s , and o t h e r s .
T h e s e p a y r o ll s u
p e r v i s o r s p la n in d iv id u a l w o r k p r o c e d u r e s , o r g a n iz e and a s s ig n w o r k , s e l e c t and tr a in n ew
e m p lo y e e s , p e r f o r m o th e r s i m il a r s u p e r v i s o r y ta s k s , and a r e in f u ll- t i m e s u p e r v i s o r y
w o r k situ a tio n s .
S U P E R V IS O R ,
T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E U N IT
I.
A s a w o rk in g s u p e r v i s o r , p e r f o r m s ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t io n and d a y - t o - d a y
s u p e r v is io n o f the w o r k and p r o d u c t io n o f a g ro u p o f ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s .
T he
w o r k p e r f o r m e d b y th is g ro u p t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s the u s e o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s , s u c h as
the ta b u la to r , c a lc u l a t o r , in t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , c o lla t o r , an d s o r t e r .
D is t r ib u te s and
a s s ig n s d a ily w o r k , in s t r u c t s o p e r a t o r s in n ew p r o c e d u r e s , and a n s w e r s o p e r a t o r q u e s tio n s
r e g a r d in g the a s s ig n e d w o rk .
II.
A s the c h i e f ' o f a ta b u la tin g - m a c h in e unit, p la n s , o r g a n iz e s , and d ir e c t s the
w o r k o f a g ro u p o f ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s .
(T h e g ro u p m a y in c lu d e w o rk in g s u p e r
v i s o r s w h e r e the w o r k v o lu m e w a r r a n t s .)
T h e w o r k p e r f o r m e d b y the g ro u p t y p ic a lly r e
q u ir e s the u se o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s , s u c h as the ta b u la to r , c a lc u l a t o r , in t e r p r e t e r ,
r e p r o d u c e r , c o lla t o r , and s o r t e r . T h is is the f i r s t f u l l - t i m e s u p e r v i s o r y l e v e l and in c lu d e s
the p e r fo r m a n c e o f s u c h d u tie s a s :
P la n n in g the w o r k o f the u nit w h ich t y p ic a lly in c lu d e s
a ra n g e o f a s s ig n m e n ts f r o m the m o r e r o u tin e r e c u r r in g r e p o r t s to the m o r e c o m p le x , lo n g e r ,
and n o n r e c u r r in g r e p o r t s ; d e t e r m in in g tim e r e q u ir e m e n t s f o r jo b s as a s s ig n e d ; s e q u e n c in g
w o r k o p e r a t io n to m a k e e ffic ie n t u s e o f p e r s o n n e l w ho h a v e v a r y in g s k ill, and o f a v a r ie t y
o f m a c h in e s ; s e le c t in g n ew e m p lo y e e s ; p la n n in g and c o n d u c tin g tr a in in g ; and p la n n in g and
in s t a llin g n ew m e th o d s and p r o c e d u r e s .
D raftsmen
DRAFTSM AN,
JU N IO R
(A s s is t a n t d r a fts m a n )
D ra w s to s c a l e u nits o r p a r t s o f d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y d r a fts m a n o r o th e r s f o r
e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r p o s e s . U s e s v a r io u s ty p e s o f d r a ftin g t o o ls
as r e q u ir e d . M ay p r e p a r e d r a w in g s f r o m s im p le p la n s o r s k e t c h e s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r d u tie s
u n d e r d ir e c t io n o f a d r a fts m a n .
DRAFTSM AN,
SE N IO R
P r e p a r e s w o rk in g p la n s an d d e t a il d r a w in g s f r o m n o t e s , r o u g h o r d e t a ile d s k e t c h e s
f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r p o s e s .
D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f
the fo llo w in g :
P r e p a r in g w o rk in g p la n s , d e t a il d r a w in g s , m a p s , c r o s s - s e c t i o n s , e t c . , to
s c a l e b y u s e o f d r a ftin g in s t r u m e n ts ; m a k in g e n g in e e r in g c o m p u ta tio n s s u c h as th o s e in v o lv e d
in s tr e n g th o f m a t e r ia l s , b e a m s and t r u s s e s ; v e r ify in g c o m p le t e d w o r k , c h e c k in g d im e n s io n s ,
m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d , and q u a n titie s ; w r itin g s p e c if i c a t io n s ; and m a k in g a d ju stm e n ts o r
ch a n g e s in d r a w in g s o r s p e c if i c a t io n s .
M a y in k in lin e s and le t t e r s on p e n c i l d r a w in g s ,
p r e p a r e d e t a il u nits o f c o m p le t e d r a w in g s , o r t r a c e d r a w in g s .
W ork is fr e q u e n t ly in a
s p e c ia liz e d fie ld s u c h as a r c h it e c t u r a l, e l e c t r i c a l , m e c h a n ic a l, o r s t r u c t u r a l d r a ftin g .
47
DRAFTSM AN,
LEADER
P la n s and d ir e c t s a c t iv it ie s o f on e o r m o r e d r a ft s m e n in p r e p a r a t io n o f w o rk in g
p la n s and d e t a il d r a w in g s f r o m r o u g h o r p r e lim in a r y s k e t c h e s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n ,
o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r p o s e s .
D u ties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : I n te r p r e tin g
b lu e p r in t s , s k e t c h e s , and w r itte n o r v e r b a l o r d e r s ; d e t e r m in in g w o r k p r o c e d u r e s ; a s s ig n in g
d u tie s to s u b o r d in a te s and in s p e c tin g t h e ir w o r k ; and p e r f o r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt p r o b le m s .
M a y a s s i s t s u b o r d in a te s d u rin g e m e r g e n c ie s o r as a r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t, o r p e r f o r m r e la t e d
d u tie s o f a s u p e r v i s o r y o r a d m in is t r a tiv e n a tu re.
TRACER
C o p ie s p la n s and d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s , b y p la c in g t r a c in g c lo th o r p a p e r
o v e r d r a w in g and t r a c in g w ith p en o r p e n c il.
U s e s T -s q u a r e , c o m p a s s , and o th e r d r a ftin g
to o ls .
M ay p r e p a r e s im p le d r a w in g s and do s im p le le t t e r in g .
Clerical
B O O K K E E P IN G M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R
O p e r a te s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (R e m in g to n R and, E llio t t F is h e r , S u n d stra n d , B u r
r o u g h s , and N a tion a l C a sh R e g is t e r , w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d
o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s .
I.
K e e p s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t io n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly
r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g .
P h a s e s o r s e c t io n s in clu d e a c c o u n ts
p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s 1 a c c o u n ts (n ot in clu d in g s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d
u n d e r b i l l e r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, e t c .
M ay c h e c k o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r ia l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e ts f o r
the a c c o u n tin g d e p a rtm e n t.
II.
K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s i c b o o k
k e e p in g p r in c ip le s and f a m ilia r i t y w ith the s t r u c t u r e o f the p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n tin g s y s t e m
u sed.
D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is tr ib u tio n o f d e b it and c r e d i t it e m s to b e u s e d
in e a c h p h a s e o f the w o rk .
M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , and
o th e r r e c o r d s b y hand.
CLERK,
A C C O U N T IN G
I.
U n d er s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e ro u tin e a c c o u n tin g o p e r a t io n s s u c h as
p o s tin g s im p le jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s o r a c c o u n ts p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , e n te r in g v o u c h e r s in v o u c h e r
r e g i s t e r s ; r e c o n c i lin g bank a c c o u n t s ; and p o s tin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r s c o n t r o lle d b y g e n e r a l
l e d g e r s , o r p o s tin g s im p le c o s t a c c o u n tin g d a ta.
T h is jo b d o e s n ot r e q u ir e a k n o w le d g e
o f a c c o u n tin g and b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s , but is fou n d in o f f i c e s in w h ich the m o r e r o u tin e
a c c o u n tin g w o r k is s u b d iv id e d on a fu n c tio n a l b a s is a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s .
II.
U n d er g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n ta n t, has r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r
k e e p in g on e o r m o r e s e c t io n s o f a c o m p le t e s e t o f b o o k s o r r e c o r d s r e la tin g to on e p h a s e
o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t ^ b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s .
W o rk in v o lv e s p o s tin g and b a la n c in g s u b s id
ia r y le d g e r o r le d g e r s s u c h as a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le o r a c c o u n ts p a y a b le ; e x a m in in g and c o d in g
in v o i c e s o r v o u c h e r s w ith p r o p e r a c c o u n tin g d is tr ib u tio n ; r e q u ir e s ju d g m e n t and e x p e r ie n c e
in m a k in g p r o p e r a s s ig n a t io n s and a llo c a t io n s . M ay a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g , a d ju stin g , and c lo s in g
jo u r n a l e n t r ie s ; m a y d i r e c t a c c o u n tin g c le r k s
I.
CLERK,
F IL E
I.
P e r f o r m s ro u tin e filin g , u s u a lly o f m a t e r ia l that h as a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d
o r w h ich is e a s ily id e n tifia b le , o r lo c a t e s o r a s s i s t s in lo c a t in g m a t e r ia l in f i l e s .
M ay
p e r f o r m in c id e n t a l c l e r i c a l d u tie s .
II.
In an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m co n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je c t - m a t t e r
f i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e o r o th e r m a t e r ia l; m a y a ls o f i l e th is m a t e r ia l.
M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c tio n w ith f i l e s o r m a y s u p e r v is e o th e r s in
filin g and lo c a t in g m a t e r ia l in the f i l e s . M ay p e r f o r m in c id e n t a l c l e r i c a l d u tie s .
48
KEYPUNCH O PE R A TO R
U n d er g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n and w ith n o s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s ib ili t ie s , r e c o r d s a c
cou n tin g and s t a t is t ic a l data on ta b u la tin g c a r d s b y p u n ch in g a s e r i e s o f h o le s in the c a r d s
in a s p e c if i e d s e q u e n c e , u sin g an a lp h a b e t ic a l o r a n u m e r ic a l k e y p u n ch m a c h in e , fo llo w in g
w ritte n in fo r m a t io n on r e c o r d s . M a y d u p lic a te c a r d s b y u sin g the d u p lic a tin g d e v ic e a tta ch e d
to m a c h in e .
M ay k e e p f ile s o f p u n ch c a r d s .
M a y v e r i f y ow n w o r k o r w o r k o f o t h e r s .
O F F IC E B O Y O R G IR L
P e r f o r m s v a r io u s r o u tin e d u tie s su ch as run ning e r r a n d s ; o p e r a t in g
m a c h in e s , s u c h as s e a le r s o r m a i l e r s ; o p e n in g and d is tr ib u tin g m a il; and
c l e r i c a l w o rk .
STENOGRAPH ER,
m in o r o f f i c e
o th e r m in o r
GENERAL
P r i m a r y du ty is to take d ic ta tio n f r o m on e o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e it h e r in sh o rth a n d o r
b y S ten oty p e o r s i m il a r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a n o r m a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la r y , and to t r a n s c r ib e
th is d ic ta tio n on a t y p e w r it e r . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r itte n c o p y . M a y a ls o s e t up and k e e p
f i l e s in o r d e r , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c .
D o e s n ot in c lu d e t r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e w o r k .
STEN O GRAPH ER,
T E C H N IC A L
P r i m a r y du ty is to take d ic ta tio n f r o m on e o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e it h e r in sh o rth a n d o r
b y S ten oty p e o r s i m il a r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y , su c h
as in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h , and to t r a n s c r ib e th is d ic ta tio n on a
t y p e w r it e r .
M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it te n c o p y .
M a y a ls o s e t up and k e e p f i l e s in o r d e r ,
k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D o e s n ot in c lu d e t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o r k .
S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R
O p e r a te s a s i n g l e - o r m u lt ip le - p o s it i o n te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d . D u ties in v o lv e h a n
d lin g in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , in tr a p la n t, o r o f f i c e c a lls . M a y h an dle ro u tin e lo n g d is ta n c e c a lls
and r e c o r d s t o ll c a lls .
M ay p e r f o r m lim it e d in fo r m a t io n w o r k , f o r e x a m p le , fu r n is h in g
te le p h o n e e x te n s io n n u m b e r s w hen a s p e c i f i c n a m e is fu r n is h e d .
M a y o c c a s io n a l ly take
te le p h o n e o r d e r s .
S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R ,
S P E C IA L
In a d d itio n to the w o r k d e s c r ib e d a b o v e f o r s w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r o r as a f u l l - t i m e
a s s ig n m e n t, s e r v e s as a ’ ’ s p e c i a l " o p e r a t o r w ho h a n d les the m o r e c o m p le x lo n g d is ta n c e
c a lls (e . g. , c o n fe r e n c e , c o l l e c t , o v e r s e a s , o r s i m il a r c a lls ) o r p e r f o r m s fu ll te le p h o n e
in fo r m a t io n s e r v i c e (e . g. , w h e r e a k n o w le d g e o f the w o r k d on e in d iffe r e n t p a r t s o f the
o r g a n iz a t io n is r e q u ir e d ).
T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R
I.
O p e r a te s s im p le ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s , s u c h as the s o r t e r ,
r e p r o d u c in g p u n ch , c o lla t o r , e tc . , w ith s p e c i f i c in s t r u c t io n s . M a y in c lu d e the p e r f o r m a n c e
o f s o m e s im p le w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and s o m e filin g w o r k . T h e w o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s p o r
tio n s o f a w o r k unit, f o r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r t in g o r c o lla t in g r u n s, o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a t io n s .
II.
O p e r a te s m o r e d iffic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s , s u c h as the
ta b u la to r and c a lc u la t o r , in a d d itio n to th e s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , and c o l l a t o r . T h is w o r k is
p e r f o r m e d u n d e r s p e c i f i c in s t r u c t io n s and m a y in c lu d e the p e r f o r m a n c e o f s o m e w ir in g f r o m
d ia g r a m s .
T h e w o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s , f o r e x a m p le , ta b u la tio n s in v o lv in g a r e p e tit iv e a c
cou n tin g e x e r c i s e , a c o m p le t e but s m a ll ta b u la tin g stu d y, o r p a r t s o f a lo n g e r and m o r e c o m
p le x r e p o r t . S u ch r e p o r t s and s tu d ie s a r e u s u a lly o f a r e c u r r in g n a tu re w h e r e the p r o c e d u r e s
a r e w e ll e s t a b lis h e d . M ay a ls o in c lu d e the tr a in in g o f n ew e m p lo y e e s an the b a s i c o p e r a t io n
o f the m a c h in e .
49
T A B U D A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed
III.
O p e r a te s a v a r ie t y o f ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s , t y p ic a lly
in c lu d in g su ch m a c h in e s a s the ta b u la to r , c a lc u l a t o r , in t e r p r e t e r , c o lla t o r , and o t h e r s . P e r
f o r m s c o m p le t e r e p o r t in g a s s ig n m e n ts w ith ou t c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , and p e r f o r m s d iffic u lt w ir in g
a s r e q u ir e d . T h e c o m p le t e r e p o r t in g and ta b u la tin g a s s ig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie t y
o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s w h ich o fte n a r e o f i r r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g type r e q u ir in g f o m e
p la n n in g an d s e q u e n c in g o f s te p s to be ta k en . A s a m o r e e x p e r ie n c e d o p e r a t o r , is t y p ic a lly
i n v o lv e d in tr a in in g new o p e r a t o r s in m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t ia lly tr a in e d o p e r a t o r s in
w ir in g fr o m d ia g r a m s and o p e r a t in g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D o e s not in clu d e
w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r fo r m in g ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s and d a y - t o - d a y s u p e r v is io n o f
the w o r k and p r o d u c tio n o f a g ro u p o f ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s .
T Y P IS T
U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m a k e out b i lls a ft e r
c a lc u la t io n s h av e b e e n m a d e b y a n o th e r p e r s o n .
M ay in c lu d e ty p in g o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r
s i m il a r m a t e r ia l s f o r u se in d u p lic a tin g p r o c e s s e s .
M ay do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit tle
s p e c ia l tr a in in g , s u c h a s k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r tin g
an d d is tr ib u tin g in c o m in g m a il.
I.
P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m rou g h o r c le a r d r a ft s ;
ro u tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; and se ttin g up s im p le sta n d a rd ta b u
la t io n s , o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x t a b le s a lr e a d y se t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y .
II.
P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l f o r m w h en it
in v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s o r r e s p o n s ib ili t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g ,
s y lla b ic a t io n , p u n ctu a tion , e t c . , o f te c h n ic a l o r u n u su al w o r d s o r f o r e ig n la n g u a g e m a
t e r ia l; an d p la n n in g la y o u t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a t e d s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n i
fo r m it y and b a la n c e in s p a c in g .
M ay type ro u tin e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to
su it c i r c u m s t a n c e s .
U . S. G O VE R N M EN T
P R IN T IN G
O F F IC E : I9 6 0
O - 569436
Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices
@FedFRASER