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Occupational Wage Survey MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN MAY 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-71 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BU REA U O F LA B O R STATISTIC S Ewan C lague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN MAY 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-71 July 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is de signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and e s tablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for metropolitan area labor markets, for economic regions, and for the United States. A major consideration in the program is the need for greater insight into (a) the move ment of wages by occupational category and skill level, and (b) the structure and level of wages among labor markets and industry divisions. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends for selected occupational groups----------------------------------------Tables: 1. 2. A: A preliminary report and an individual area bul letin present survey results for each labor market studied. After completion of all of the individual area bulletins for a round of surveys, a two-part summary bulletin is issued. The first part brings data for each of the labor markets studied into one bulletin. The second part presents in formation which has been projected from individual labor market data to relate to economic regions and the United States. B: Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the program. Information on occupational earnings is collected annually in each area. Information on establish ment practices and supplementary wage provisions is ob tained biennially in most of the areas. This bulletin presents results of the survey in Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , in May 1964. It was prepared in the Bureau's regional office in Cleveland, Ohio, by Donald J. McNulty, under the direction of Elliott A. Browar, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and In dustrial Relations. 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied----------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods---------------------------- 3 Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and women----------------------------------A - 2. Professional and technical occupations— men and women-----------------------------------------------------------------A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women combined------------------------------------------------A - 4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations--------------------------A - 5. Custodial and material movement occupations------------------ 6 7 8 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers---B -2 . Shift differentials----------------------------------------------------------------B -3 . Scheduled weekly hours------------------------------------------------------B -4 . Paid holidays_______________________________________________ 9 10 11 12 B -6 . B -7 . 15 16 Appendix: Health, insurance, and pension plans-------------------------------Paid sick leave______________ -_______________________________ Occupational descriptions____________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other areas. (See inside back cover.) m 3 5 6 17 O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rvey—M u sk egon —M u sk egon H eigh ts, M ich. Introduction as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employ ment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabu lations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed may be due to such factors as (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among in dustries and establishments; (2) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis; and (3) differences in specific duties performed, although the occu pations are appropriately classified within the same survey job de scription. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments. This allows for minor differences among establish ments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. E s timates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differ ences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material move ment. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A -series tables because either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or (2) there is possi bility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they relate to office and plant workers. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction workers who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. "Office workers" include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions. "Plant workers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) en gaged in nonoffice functions. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, Minimum entrance salaries (table B -l) relate only to the e s tablishments visited. They are presented in terms of establishments with formal minimum entrance salary policies. 1 2 Shift differential data (table B-2) are limited to plant workers in manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment p olicy,1 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification "oth er" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. The scheduled weekly hours (table B-3) of a majority of the first-shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B-7) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B -2 through B -7 may not equal totals because of rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B-4) are limited to data on holidays granted annually on a formal basis; i. e. , (1) are provided for in written form, or (2) have been established by custom. Holidays ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a non workday, even if the worker is not granted another day off. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and half holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to formal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, payments not on a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it m et either o f the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time o f the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1 ) had operated late shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -6 and B-7) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com mercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 9 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number o f days o f sick leave that could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 Table 1. Establishm ents and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ic h ., Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll divisions _ — - - Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 — W holesale trade -----------------------------------------------------------,— Retail trade— Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ---------- ------- -----------Services 8------- ------------- --------------------------— -------------------------- Number of establishments Within scope of study 3 W orkers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied T otal4 Office Plant Total4 76 53 26, 400 3 .0 0 0 19, 500 23,700 50 “ 45 31 32 21 22, 400 4, 000 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,000 1 7,500 2, 000 20,500 3,2 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 8 4 13 4 2 8 2 7 2 2 1 ,800 200 1,300 500 200 --------- Manufacturing------ — ------------------ ----------------------------------------------- by m ajor industry division, 2 May 1964 400 (?) (?) (?) ( 6) 700 (?) ( 6) (*) ( 6) 1,800 100 800 300 200 1 The M uskegon-Muskegon Heights Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Muskegon County. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of com parison with other employment indexes for the area to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. 3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair serv ice , and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll in du stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "a ll indu stries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishm ent data. 7 W orkers from this entire industry division are represented in estim ates for "a ll indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estim ates for "a ll in d u stries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6 above. 8 H otels; personal serv ice s; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit mem bership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods, Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, Mich. Index (May 1961*100) Percents of increase May 1964 May 1963 to May 1964 May 1962 to May 1963 May 1961 to May 1962 May 1960 to May 1961 A ll industries: Office clerical (men and w om en)-----------------Industrial nurses (men and women)-------------Skilled maintenance (men)----------------------------Unskilled plant (m en)------------------------------------- 110.9 108.7 108.6 109.1 3.3 1.1 2.3 .8 3.0 3.3 2.6 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.4 4.2 3.9 1.8 2.7 2.7 Manufactur ing: Office clerical (men and w om en)-----------------Industrial nurses (men and women)-------------Skilled maintenance (men)----------------------------Unskilled plant (m en)------------------------------------- 111.1 108.7 108.1 109.7 3.6 1.1 1.9 .5 3.1 3.3 2.6 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.4 4.6 4.4 1.8 2.7 2.1 Industry and occupational group 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A , B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group aggregate for each period after the base year (1961). The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay for overtime. 5 A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, Mich., May 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of woikers $ Weekly i Weekly earnings 1 hour* 1 (standard) (standard) 45 ler $ 45 and tinder 50 CLERKS• ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING------------------------- --------- 44 39 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 122.50 124.50 19 4 0 .0 100.00 $ S * 50 55 60 _ _ _ 55 60 65 * 65 _ $ 70 _ 70 $ 75 _ 75 $ $ 80 _ 80 _ 85 $ 85 90 _ 90 _ 95 $ $ $ 95 100 105 _ 100 - _ 105 - S _ 110 110 - _ 115 $ 115 _ 120 _ BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, 24 4 0 .0 6 9 . CO CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S------------------------ 36 15 21 15 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 9 4 .5 0 86 .5 0 100.00 106.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------- 65 41 24 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 0.50 8 1.00 79.00 1 1 - 8 5 3 5 3 2 3 1 2 11 10 1 12 7 5 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 CLERKS, PAYROLL ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 52 45 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 8 .0 0 7 8 .0 0 _ _ 1 1 _ - 7 7 12 8 12 11 6 6 11 9 2 2 1 1 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS -----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 44 44 4C .0 4 0 .0 83 .0 0 8 3 .0 j 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 5 5 2 2 1 1 _ - 2C 2C KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 59 38 4C.0 4 0 .0 7 0 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 _ _ 17 5 8 6 5 3 11 9 7 7 4 4 3 _ - 4 4 SECRETARIES --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------- 176 138 38 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 5 .5 0 9 7.00 91 .5 0 _ - _ - 1 1 1 1 - 8 5 3 11 6 5 22 15 7 26 22 4 17 17 16 12 4 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ---------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 96 75 21 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 _ - 1 — 1 6 4 2 10 6 4 19 13 6 17 16 1 16 15 1 12 1C 2 12 11 1 2 1 2 1 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 75 70 4C .0 4 0 .0 94 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 10 6 4 - _ 6 10 10 10 7 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 4 4 9 6 8 7 4 4 3 3 4 1 1 1 _ _ 2 - 12 11 4 4 7 7 1 1 2 2 _ 11 6 5 15 13 2 13 10 3 17 11 6 17 15 2 5 4 1 13 7 6 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS-------------------------- 19 4 0 .0 6 5 .5 0 1 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 35 28 4 0 .0 4C .0 72 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 _ TYPISTS, CLASS A ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 72 69 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 87 .0 0 88.00 TYPISTS, CLASS B ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------- 91 66 25 4 0 .0 4C .0 40. 0 6 6 .5 0 6 6.50 66 .5 0 12 6 6 1 1 25 22 3 16 14 2 so 15 5 37 36 1 44 44 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. $ $ $ 125 130 135 14C 130 135 140 145 _ 125 15 15 TABULATING—MACHINE OPERATORS, $ 12C Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women 6 (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich., May 1964) Average Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division $ Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) $ % 65 * $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ % $ 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 , 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 13C 135 140 145 150 — - - - - - 3 3 6 6 8 8 11 11 13 13 10 10 30 30 12 12 17 17 9 9 10 10 2 2 _ - - _ and under 70 MEN DRAFTSMEN, SENIOR --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 131 131 4 0 .0 4C .0 $ 1 2 1 .5 0 1 21.50 DRAFTSMEN, JUNIOR ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 73 73 4 C .0 4 0 .0 9 8 .5 0 9 8 .5 0 2 2 2 2 6 6 5 5 4 4 15 15 5 5 9 9 7 7 4 4 7 7 5 5 2 2 - 18 18 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 - 3 3 1 1 - 1 1 3 3 1 1 8 8 - - - - “ 1 1 - “ - NOMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL IREGISTERED) ----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- ~ - ~ - - ~ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , May 1964) Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS Average Average Average Occupation and industry division Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ---------------------------------------------------------------- 24 4 0 .0 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ----------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------ 80 54 26 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4C .5 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B ----------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-------------------------------- 73 46 27 21 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 CLERKS, ORDER --------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------- 20 18 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS---------------------------------$ 6 9 .0 0 SECRETARIES --------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------110.00 NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------114.00 101.50 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ----------------------manufacturing -------------------------------------------8 2 .0 0 NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------------8 3 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 83 .5 0 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR -------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------1 01.50 105.50 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS---------------------------------- CLERKS, PAYROLL ----------------------------------------------uiiiiieirTiinTiir H ANUrAt 1UKI Nb 53 46 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 8 .5 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMAKiliPAf Ttltt nftwurMV* i ut\ iIMP ixu 7 9 .0 0 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS ------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------- 44 44 4C.C 4 0 .0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 59 38 4C .0 4 0 .0 8 3 .0 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS. CLASS 6 —— — ————————————— ——————— 8 3 .0 0 MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------7 0 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 Occupation and industry division Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED 20 4C .0 $ 5 9 .5 0 181 143 38 4C .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 6 .5 0 9 8 .0 0 9 1 .5 0 96 75 21 4C .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 75 70 4C .0 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 19 4C.0 6 5 .5 0 35 £0 4 o .o 4C .0 7 2 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 30 22 4 0 .0 4C .0 9 8 .5 0 104.50 TYPISTS, CLASS A -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------ 74 71 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 8 7 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 TYPISTS, CLASS B -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 95 70 25 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 6 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, LEADER ------------------------------------------ 16 4 0 .0 1 3 7 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, SENIOR -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------- 131 131 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 2 1 .5 0 1 2 1 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, JUNIOR -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------- 81 73 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 6 .5 0 9 8 .5 0 NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------- 18 18 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Number of workers Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations 7 (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , May 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings 12 $ $ $ $ $ t $ t i t 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . CO 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2.4C 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 Under $ 1.8 0 $ $ 2 .7 0 2.8- ) $ I t $ 2.9C 3 . CO 3.1C 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 i 3.4C 3 .5 0 and under 1.9C 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3.1C 3 .2 0 3 . 30 3 .4 0 3.5C 3 .6 0 CARPENTERS* MAINTENANCE --------------------MANUFACTURING — * ----------------------------- 26 26 $ 2.90 2 .90 ELECTRICIANS* MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------ 118 115 2 .9 8 2.97 FIREMEN* STATIONARY BOILER --------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 44 42 2 .5 6 2 .63 4 4 - HELPERS* MAINTENANCE TRADES ------------- 22 2.53 - - MACHJM4E-TCCL OPERATORS* TOOLROOM — MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 104 104 3 .16 3 .16 MACHINISTS* MAINTENANCE --------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 67 65 3.04 3.02 MECHANICS* AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S------------------------- 60 32 28 28 2 .94 2 .87 3.03 3. S3 MECHANICS* MAINTENANCE ----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 128 119 3.01 2.9 8 MILLWRIGHTS ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 184 184 2.90 2.90 OILERS -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 36 36 2 .63 2.63 PAINTERS* MAINTENANCE ------------------------- 16 3.06 PIPEFITTERS* MAINTENANCE ------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 6C 60 2.95 2 .95 TOOL AND DIE MAKERS ----------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 17C 170 3.24 3.24 - - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 7 7 - - K K - - 7 7 _ ~ " - _ - _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 4 22 22 12 11 38 38 1 1 9 9 28 28 2 - _ " 1 1 _ _ _ _ 4 4 7 7 3 3 _ _ _ 8 8 _ 7 7 _ _ - 9 9 - - - 4 - - - 7 11 - _ 2 2 _ - _ — _ - 1 1 _ - _ - _ “ - _ - _ — — 3 3 _ - _ - - 1 1 _ 2 2 5 5 2 2 16 16 5C 50 1 1 14 14 12 12 8 8 4 4 26 26 1 1 16 16 ~ 10 10 2 ~ _ - 1 1 6 6 6 3 3 21 11 1C 1C 8 8 8 4 4 4 7 7 - 3 3 3 _ - _ - 1 1 4 4 26 26 12 11 34 34 9 9 6 6 _ 28 28 8 _ 13 13 44 44 2 2 98 98 7 7 _ 20 20 _ _ _ - 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ 7 7 _ _ _ 22 22 ' 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 4 - - - 5 5 ~ ~ ‘ 14 14 - 15 15 4 4 7 7 14 14 2 2 4 4 23 23 5 5 65 65 16 16 12 12 - - 26 26 17 17 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations 8 (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division* Muskegon—Muskegon Heights* Mich. * May 1964) Occupation 1 and industry division $ $ » S $ 1.2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ * $ $ * $ $ $ * S $ 1 .70 1 .80 1 .9 0 2.00 2 .1 0 2 . 20 2 .30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 . 90 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 hourly* Under and s 1 .2 0 under 1 .30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .70 1 .8 0 of earnings 2 GUARDS ANC WATCHMEN ----------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 107 103 $ 2 .4 8 2 .4 9 GUARDS: MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 1 “ “ ~ ~ - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 .90 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 4 4 ~ - 18 18 2 2 19 19 16 16 7 7 - 12 2 19 14 3 ~ - 3 ~ 35 35 — - 35 - _ “ _ ~ - — — - - _ - _ — - - _ _ 85 2 .5 6 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING----------------------------------- 18 2 .1 6 - - - - - 1 1 4 - - 6 - - 2 4 JANITORS. PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES3 ------------------------- 247 203 44 21 2 .3 1 2 .3 9 1 .9 4 2 .3 4 3 3 • - _ ~ _ - 12 12 3 3 3 3 1 2 ~ 9 8 1 1 4 1 3 ~ 13 13 ~ 32 29 3 3 10 7 3 “ 17 17 " 20 17 3 3 93 93 “ 28 17 11 11 _ ~ _ - JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) --------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 32 18 1 .8 5 1 .6 3 _ 6 6 _ 1 1 _ _ 7 7 2 - 2 3 1 6 3 3 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ - LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 247 237 2 .3 8 2 .3 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 6 6 68 67 23 23 68 60 3 3 2 2 63 63 11 11 _ - 1 1 - 11 1 1 4 11 - - - - 1 1 _ _ 6 6 24 24 5 5 3 3 83 83 _ _ 6 - _ _ _ _ 7 7 _ _ _ 40 40 _ _ _ - 5 5 _ ~ 4 4 1 1 2 2 10 10 1C 1C 1 1 _ 7 7 18 18 ~ 5 5 “ FILLERS --------------------------------------- 28 2 .6 7 PACKERS, SHIPPING --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 128 122 2 .5 6 2 .5 4 _ PACKERS, SHIPPING (WOMEN) ----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 52 52 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 _ RECEIVING CLERKS ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 25 25 2 .6 5 2 .6 5 SHIPPING CLERKS ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 3C 30 2 .7 1 2 .7 1 TRUCKDRIVERS 4 ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 76 49 27 2 .6 8 2 .6 7 2.7C _ - _ - - - “ ~ “ TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 /2 TO AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) ------------------- 35 2 .6 6 - - - TRUCKERS,POWER (FORKLIFT) ----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 210 208 2 .5 5 2 .5 5 TRUCKERS, POWER (OTHER THAN FORKLIFT) ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 83 83 2 .4 4 2 .4 4 ORDER _ _ _ ~ - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ - - - ~ - _ _ - ~ 4 4 _ - - _ - - _ _ - — ~ 7 1 6 _ - - “ - 7 - 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. _ 1 1 - - 6 6 3 2 2 ~ 1 1 ~ - 3 - l 1 - 3 3 1 1 2 2 15 15 47 45 15 15 3 3 25 25 3 _ _ _ _ _ - - 3 3 6 6 3 3 _ _ 4 4 *" 4 4 ~ _ - 6 - - 2 3 4 4 ~ _ _ 40 40 _ _ 118 11 3 _ - 4 4 - ~ 6 15 5 1C 15 - - ~ 12 12 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 3 - 1 1 2 2 6 6 _ _ — _ _ _ _ 9 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , May 1964) Inexperienced typists Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la ry 1 Establishm ents studied - — — ------- --------------------- Establishm ents having a specified m in im u m ---------------------$42. $45. $47. $ 50. $ 52. $ 55. $ 57. $ 6 0. $62. $65. $67. 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 and and and and and and and and and and and under $ 4 5 . 00---------------------------- -------------- — under $ 4 7 .5 0 --------------------------------------------------under $ 50. 00--------------------------------------------------under $ 52. 50_ _______ — ---------------------- _ under $ 55. 00--------------------------------------------------under $ 57. 50------------- ---------- --------------- — under $ 6 0 . 00--------------------------------------------------under $ 6 2 . 50— ---------- __ ------------- — under $ 6 5 . 00— ----— - ------ --------under $ 6 7 . 50— -------- - ------- -------------over— ------------------- ------------------------------ Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 All schedules 40 A ll schedules 40 53 32 XXX 21 XX X 5 28 19 19 9 9 _ 3 - 1 1 14 2 2 2 2 2 1 _ _ 1 1 5 1 1 5 A ll schedules 40 All schedules 40 53 32 XXX 21 XXX 23 18 18 5 _ _ 8 2 2 _ 8 2 2 2 2 1 - _ 3 11 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 - 1 1 - - Nonmanufacturing B ased on standard weekly hours of— A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours of— A ll industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing 1 - - 9 2 2 2 2 1 - 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 Establishm ents having no specified m inim um -------------------- 10 6 XXX 4 XXX 10 6 XXX 4 XXX Establishm ents which did not employ workers in t is category 20 8 XXX 12 XXX 15 7 XXX 8 XX X These salaries relate to form ally established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Excludes workers in subclerical jobs such as m essenger or office girl. 10 Table B-2. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials o f manufacturing plant w ork ers by type and amount of differential, Muskegon—M uskegon H eigh ts, M ic h ., May 1964) P ercen t o f manufacturing plant w ork ers— In establishm ents having form al provision s 1 fo r — Shift differential Actually working on— Second shift work Third o r other shift w ork Second shift 9 9.0 9 1 .6 17. 6 4 .8 --- ------- - 98. 5 9 1 .2 17.4 4 .7 U niform cents (per h o u r )----------------------------- 7 0.9 66. 3 14. 3 4. 1 22.8 28.3 4. 3 1.9 6. 1 7. 7 21. 1 .9 .3 3. 3 20. 8 1.6 4 .3 2 .0 1.3 1.4 1.4 4 .4 6 .2 1.2 .2 1. 1 .7 .2 .1 .8 .2 (2) .2 1. 1 .3 1. 1 .3 .2 .1 With shift pay d iffe r e n tia l---- ---- ___ .. 5 cents A rpnfs ..... 7 c e n t s ------------------ ------ — ----------7 V2 c e n t s _________________________________ — ------ ------ -----8 cents - -------------9 c.pnts 10 ce n ts__________ ___ ____ _______________ 1 1 cents _____ _ _____ _ _______ _____ 1% rpnts ........ . , _ , 15 cen ts___ __ _____ ________ ____ _ 16 c e nt s ____-_____________________________ 18 ce n ts___________________________________ 25 cen ts— ------------------ --------------------------- 4 .8 1.4 1.4 Third o r other shift — - ----------- — 6 .3 6 .3 1. 1 1. 1 .7 5 p e r c e n t --------------------------------------------------- .7 .1 P ay fo r m ore hours than w o rk e d ----------------- 21. 3 2 1.3 2. 5 .2 .4 U niform p e r c e n ta g e --------- F ull d ay's pay fo r reduced h ours, plus cents d iffe r e n t ia l__________________________ With no shift pay d iffe r e n tia l---------------------------- " 2. 5 " .4 .4 .2 * 1 1 Includes establishm ents cu rre n tly operating late shifts, and establishm ents with form al provision s c ov erin g late shifts even though they w ere not cu rren tly operating late shifts. 2 L e ss than 0. 05 percen t. 11 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , May 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R 8 PLANT W ORK ER8 W eekly hours A ll ind u stries1 100 Under 40 hours — - 40 hours — — - — 42 h o u r s ______ . _____________________________________ 44 hours — 45 hours ______r. . „ _________, . ___ ,___ _____________ , __________ ______ 48 h o u rs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 (4) 98 1 1 M anufacturing P u blic u tilities1 2 A ll industries 3 100 100 100 99 1 99 91 - 1 - (4 ) _ - (4 ) - - 0 M anufacturing 100 93 (4) (4) 1 7 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. (4 ) 4 1 P u blic utilities2 100 91 _ - 6 3 12 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ic h ., May 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLANT W ORK ERS Item A ll ind u stries 1 A ll w orkers—----------- ------- ----- _ — ----- ------ W orkers in establishments providing paid holidays_____ - _________ ___________________ W orkers in establishments providing no paid holidays _ — ------- ------------- — ------- M anu facturin g P u blic u tilities1 2 A ll industries34 M a n u facturin g P u blic u tilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 99 100 100 “ 1 “ " 8 24 67 “ 12 61 1 8 5 11 “ 8 68 6 6 12 " 6 35 59 " 16 18 87 18 18 92 100 (4 ) Number of days 6 holidays____ ___ — — — — --------- — - 6 holidays plus 2 half d a y s---------------------------------6 holidays plus 3 half d a y s---------------------------------— - — — --------7 holidays------- -----7 holidays plus 2 half days _ -----------------------------— — — ---------8 holidays _ ------------- ------10 holidays- — — - — — ------ ------- — 9 44 3 13 5 13 13 6 62 5 8 20 " Total holiday time 5 10 days____________—— — - — — ------ — 8 days or m o r e -----------------------------------------------------7 V2 days or m ore — _______ —------------------------------7 days or ___________ _____________________ 6 days or m o r e ------------------------------------------------------ 13 31 34 91 99 _ 27 27 94 100 _ 24 92 100 _ 99 35 94 100 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s erv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 13 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , May 1964) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKER8 Vacation policy Manufacturing Public utilities3 100 100 100 100 99 (5) (5) 100 99 1 1 100 100 - All Industrie*2 A ll w orkers- — - — All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities3 100 100 100 100 67 32 1 100 64 35 1 100 100 - ” “ Method of payment W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations L en gth -of-tim e paym ent---------------------------------Percentage payment------- --------- — ------ -------- ----F la t-su m payment Other W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations— — ----------------------------------------- ~ ~ 8 65 3 12 69 5 _ 18 - 28 1 1 31 1 1 _ 18 - 21 1 76 2 9 1 88 2 89 11 - 65 31 2 1 - 62 35 2 1 - 88 12 - 3 1 94 (5) 2 2 (S) 95 1 2 12 3 85 - 57 31 10 1 - 60 35 3 1 - 14 86 - 1 (5) 96 (5) 2 2 (5) 95 1 2 _ 100 - 18 57 24 1 - 20 63 16 1 - _ 1 (5) 96 (s ) 2 1 (*) 95 1 2 100 - 18 57 24 1 " 20 63 16 1 - (5) 96 (5) 3 (5) 76 22 2 _ _ 96 1 3 74 24 2 100 Amount of vacation pay 6 A fter 6 months of service Under 1 week_________________________________ ___ __ 1 week Over 1 and under 2 w eek s------------------------- ------- — After 1 year of service 1 week— . . . — --------------- ----- ------------------------- —------ — Over 1 and under 2 w eek s------------—------------------- — 2 weeks — — ------------------ ------ ------------— ---------- -----— Over 2 and under 3 w eek s---------------------- — ------ ---3 weeks'----------------------------—--------------------------------- — - After 2 years of service 1 week Over 1 and under 2 w eek s------ — -------------------------2 w eek s-------------- -----— —------- —------ —------ --------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s---------------------- —-----------3 weeks — ———— — — — — — — — — — —— — — — After 3 years of service 1 week---------- — ----------- ---------— — ------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------- ----- ---------- — 2 w eek s------------—------ ---------- ----------- ------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s------------------------------------3 w eek s___ ____ — - — ------------------------------------------------ 100 - After 4 years of service 1 week----------------------------------------------------— ------ --------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s------------------------------------2 weeks — ——— — —————— — ——— — Over 2 and under 3 w eek s----------------------------— — 3 weeks — — _ 100 - - After 5 years of service 1 week---------------- - ---------- ----------------------- — -------------2 weeks Over 2 and under 3 w eek s____ —_____ ___ _________ 3 weeks _ _ 100 - ' See footnotes at end o f table. - " 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ic h ., May 1964) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All industries 1 2 Manufacturing Publie utilities 3 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 Amount of vacation pay 6— Continued After 10 years of service 1 week______________________________________________ 2 w eek s_ _ _____ _ _ ____ ______________ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s________________________ 3 w eek s___________s.________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s________________________ (5) 41 24 35 - _ 41 36 24 - _ 63 37 - (5 ) 25 57 17 1 _ 22 64 13 1 50 50 " (5) 33 24 43 - _ 38 36 26 " _ 14 86 - (5 ) 19 57 22 1 18 64 17 1 6 94 - (5) 8 (5) 92 - . 3 1 96 - _ 8 92 " (5) 2 5 91 2 6 92 2 100 - (5) 8 (5) 83 8 _ 3 1 92 4 8 57 35 (5) 2 5 84 3 6 _ 6 89 2 3 45 55 (5) 8 (5) 69 23 _ 3 1 82 14 _ 8 9 84 (5) 2 5 72 3 18 6 79 2 13 7 93 (5) 8 (5) 69 _ 3 1 82 _ 8 (5) 2 5 72 3 18 - - 6 79 2 13 7 93 After 12 years of service 1 week____________________ ______ ___________ — 2 w eek s_____ ___ _________ __ . . . ______________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks __ ____________________ 1 n rf-o V * Over 3 and under 4 w eek s________________________ After 15 years of service 1 week. ____ _ __ ______ ___ __ - _ 2 w eek s________ . ____ _ _ _______________ ___ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s________________________ 3 weeks _________ __ ____ _____ ___ ____ ____ ___ — -----Over 3 and under 4 w eek s__ _ ______ After 20 years of service 1 week_ _______ ____________ __ ___________ ___ 7 wftfiks ., _ . .. . Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ __ __________________ 3 weeks __ ____ ____ ________ __ _________ __ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s________________________ 4 w eek s____ ___________ _____ — _____________ After 25 years of service 1 week______________________________________________ 2 weeks __ ____ ___ _____________ — __ --------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s____________ ________ _ 3 w eek s_____ ____________ ______________ ___ __ Over 3 and under 4 weeks __ _ ____________ 4 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------------After 30 years of service 1 w eek. ______ ________ ___ ___ — ____ —— _ 2 weeks — ————— _— — _— __ ______________ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s___________ ___ — _ 3 weeks ___ ____ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s_____ ________________ 4 w eek s_______________________ __ _______ ______ - 9 - - - 23 14 84 1 Includes basic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation-savings and those plans which offer "extended'* or "sabbatical" benefits beyond basic plans to w orkers with qualifying lengths of service. Typical of such exclusions are plans recently negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can industries. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and s erv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 6 Includes payments other than "length of t i m e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, converted to an equivalent time b a sis; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. Periods of service w ere arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for p rogressions. For exam ple, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 yea rs' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Estim ates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 w eek s' pay or m ore after 5 years includes those who receive 3 w eeks' pay or m ore after fewer years of service. 15 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, 12 Muskegon—Muskegon H eights, M ic h ., May 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLANT W ORKERS Type of benefit A ll industries 2 M anu facturin g P u blic utilities 3 AU industries 4 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 99 99 96 99 100 68 78 2 82 88 9 83 96 97 97 100 97 M anufacturing P u blic utilities 3 W orkers in establishm ents providing: Life insurance __ _ ----- ----------Accidental death and dism em berm ent Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both5__________________________ Sickness and accident insurance- ------ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period)— — - ---------------Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)---------- _ ------------- Hospitalization insurance------------------------------Surgical insurance-------- — --------------------- ---------------------M edical insurance — Catastrophe insurance---------------------------------- — Retirem ent pension —_________ _______________ No health, insurance, or pension p la n ------- 50 66 10 92 98 9 41 49 39 4 2 49 9 2 49 3 1 38 92 92 88 59 92 (6) 99 99 94 74 95 (6) 51 51 51 63 84 96 96 86 39 88 1 99 99 90 41 92 62 62 54 43 94 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as workm en's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. 2 Includes data for w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and serv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 6 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 16 T able B-7. Paid Sick Leave (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by form al sick leave provisions, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ic h ., May 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS Sick leave provision A ll industries 1 M an u facturin g P u blic u tilities2 A ll industries 3 M an u facturin g P u blic utilities 2 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 10 0 .0 100. 0 4 9 .7 5 1 .4 8 7 .6 6. 8 3 .0 87. 1 5 0 .3 4 8 .6 1 2 .4 93. 2 9 7 .0 1 2.9 Uniform p la n :4 No waiting p erio d ---------------------------------------------Full pay * ------------- --------------------------------------3 d a y s ______ ______ _ ___ _ 5 d a y s_____ __ 10 days----------- ------- -------------------------- — 1 ?. day® 30 days 130 d a y s ------ ---------— ----------------------- — Full pay plus partial p a y ---------------------- — Waiting p e rio d --------------------------------------------------Partial pay on ly------------------------------------------- 2 6 .8 22. 1 .6 5 .6 2. 1 5. 1 5 .8 2 .2 4 .6 - 2 9 .0 2 9 .0 .9 8 .3 7 .6 8 .6 3 .2 - 35. 1 _ _ 35. 1 - 3. 5 1 .8 1 .2 1 .8 1. 2 1. 2 1. 7 1. 7 1. 3 1 .4 1. 4 47. 1 _ _ 47. 1 - Graduated plan4— After 1 year of service: No waiting p erio d ---------------------------------------------Full pay_________ ___ ___________ ___ _____ _ 5 d a y s ____ __ ___ ______ ___ _____________ _ 10 days---------------------- ----------------------------65 days___________________________________ Full pay plus partial pay5 -------------------------5 days Waiting p erio d _________________________________ Full pay Full pay plus partial pay___________________ 14. 3 8 .0 6. 1 1 .2 .7 6. 3 6 .3 8 .6 2. 2 6 .4 20. 5 11. 1 8. 3 1. 7 1. 1 9 .3 9 .3 2 .0 2 .0 - 3. 8 3. 8 3. 8 48. 7 . 1 . 1 . 1 2 .0 .6 1 .4 - 2. 3 2. 3 2. 3 37. 7 37. 7 21. 6 8 .9 .5 1. 2 5 .6 .7 12.7 6. 3 1. 3 1. 3 20. 5 11. 1 1.7 8. 3 1. 1 9 .3 9 .3 2 .0 2 .0 52. 5 3. 8 3. 8 48. 7 _ - 2. 1 .7 . 1 1 .4 - 40. 1 2. 3 2. 3 37. 7 - - - “ - - 6 .9 8. 1 1 0.9 .8 .3 A ll w orkers________________________________________ Workers in establishments providing form al paid sick leave__________________________ Workers in establishments providing no form al paid sick leave----------------------------------Type and amount of paid sick leave provided annually Graduated plan4— After 10 years of service: No waiting p erio d---------------------------------------------l o days 15 days-----------------------------------------------------20 days-----------------------------------------------------260 d a y s --- ------------------ ----------------------Full pay plus partial pay5 -------------------------25 days---------------------- __ _______________ Waiting p erio d_________________________________ Full pay...................................................................... - - 48. 7 - Provisions for accumulation Workers in establishments having provisions for accumulation of unused sick le a v e ------------------------------------------------- 11. 8 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown-separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 "U niform plan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an employee, after 1 year of service, is entitled to the same number of days' paid sick leave each year. "Graduated plan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an em ployee's leave varies according to length of service. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen. E stim ates reflect provisions applicable at the stated length of service but do not reflect provisions for progression. Thus, the proportion receiving 15 days' sick leave after 10 years of service may also receive this amount after greater or le ss e r lengths of service. ® May include provisions other than those presented separately. Numbers of days shown under "F u ll pay plus partial pay" are days for which w orkers receive sick leave at full pay; workers are entitled to additional days of sick leave at partial pay. Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety o f payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because o f this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bu reau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type o f machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a recqrd of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, e tc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number o f carbon copies o f the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set o f records usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine).U se s a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge o f book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 17 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal entries; and may direct cla ss B a c counting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple co s t accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge o f accounting and book keeping principles but is found in o ffice s in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A , In an established filing system containing a number o f varied subject matter file s, cla ssifie s and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records o f various types in con junction with the file s . May lead a small group o f lower level file clerks. Class B, Sorts, cod es, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly cla ssified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow ing: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating o f customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type o f clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance o f other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Class CmPerforms routine filing o f material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily cla ssified in a simple serial classification system (e .g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ica l). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 19 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C lass A , Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under clo s e supervision or following sp e cific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follow s sp ecified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, e tc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor o ffice machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain file s, keep simple records, or perform other rela tively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. D oes not include transcribing-machine u/ork. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge o f general busi ness and office procedures and o f the sp ecific business operations, organization, p o licie s, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup file s; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. D oes not include transcribing-machine work. 20 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls. May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who a lso act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR—Continued Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, e tc., with sp ecific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions o f a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single p osi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A. Operates a variety o f tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety o f long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences o f long and com plex reports. D oes not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production o f a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B# Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive a-ccounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts o f a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecia lized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make co p ie s o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerica l work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A* Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing o f com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B, Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icie s, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 21 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN —Continued DRAFTSMAN Leader. Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Inter preting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; deter mining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and in specting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. Senior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cr o s s-s e ctio n s , etc., to sca le by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a spe cia lized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. Junior (assistant). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types o f drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who be come ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other estab lishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carry ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evalu ation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, wel fare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 22 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment for the generation, d is tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety o f electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay outs, or other sp ecification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work o f the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials atnd tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind o f work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record o f operation o f machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types o f machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety o f pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to se le ct proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or o il burner; and checks water and sa fety valves. May d ean , oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs o f metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to clo s e toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds, and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working 23 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—Continued MILLWRIGHT properties o f the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs autom obiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or sp ecia lized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or d efectiv e parts from stock; grinding and adjusting va lves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work o f the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use o f handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production o f a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssifica tion are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces o f mechanical equipment o f an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge o f surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types o f pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out o f work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specification s; cutting various s iz e s o f pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 24 PIPE FITTE R , MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and s iz e of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work o f the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system o f an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, sh elves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types o f sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other sp ecification s; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecifica tion s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating o f machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to c lo s e tolerances; fitting and assem bling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; and selectin g appro priate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors o f an o ffice building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those o f starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine p olice duties, either at fixed p ost or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and ch eck on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. 25 PACKER, SHIPPING JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who sp ecia lize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type o f container employed, and method o f shipment. Work requires the placing o f items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size o f container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. sible for incoming shipments o f merchandise or other materials. ping work involves: routes, Ship A knowledge o f shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records o f the goods shipped, making up bills o f lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work involves: May Receiving Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: R eceiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 26 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places o f business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials o f all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or pther establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s iz e s listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d by type o f truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds o f premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Available On Request— The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as BLS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963. 40 cents a copy. Occupational W age Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, E». C. , 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Area Bulletin number Akron, Ohio____________________________________ Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N. Y 1_______________ Albuquerque, N. Mex _________________________ Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa. —N. J1______ Atlanta, G a_____________________________________ Baltimore, M d _____________ ____________________ Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex1__________________ Birmingham, A la1______________________________ Boise, Idaho___________________________________ Boston, Mass 1__________________________________ 1345-81 1385-52 1385-61 1385-53 1345-71 1385-24 1385-70 1385-63 1345-74 1385-16 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Buffalo, N. Y ___________________________________ Burlington, V t__________________________________ Canton, Ohio1__________________ -___-___________ Charleston, W. V a 1------------------------------------------Charlotte, N. C 1________________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn.-G a------------------------------------Chicago, 1111-----------------------------------------------------Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky 1---------------------------------------Cleveland, Ohio_____________________ -__________ Columbus, Ohio________________________________ 1385-33 1385-47 1385-64 1385-57 1385-55 1385-5 1385-66 1385-58 1385-11 1385-25 25 20 25 25 25 20 30 25 25 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Dallas, T e x _________________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111____ Dayton, Ohio1________________________________ Denver, Colo1----------------------------------------------Des Moines, Iowa1__________________________ Detroit, Mich____________________________ ___ Fort Worth, Tex___________ *---------- -------------Green Bay, W is_____________________________ Greenville, S. C 1_____________________________ Houston, T e x ________________________________ 1385-15 1385-12 1385-40 1385-34 1385-44 1385-43 1385-19 1385-4 1385-68 1345-82 25 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 Indianapolis, Ind 1_______________________________ Jackson, M iss1_________________________________ Jacksonville, F la_________________________ _____ Kansas City, M o.—Kans 1_______________________ Lawrence—Haverhill, M a ss.—N. H -------------------Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark____________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif1----------------------Louisville, Ky. —Ind------------------------------------------Lubbock, Tex___________________________________ Manchester, N. H__________________________ ____ Memphis, Tenn 1_____________________ __________ 1385-30 1385-41 1385-32 1385-26 1345-77 1385-3 1385-59 1385-50 1345-72 1385-1 1385-35 25 25 20 25 20 20 30 20 20 20 25 l Price Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area Bulletin number Price Miami, F la 1___________________________________ Milwaukee, Wis________________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn________ ^__________ Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich1__________ Newark and Jersey City, N. J 1________________ New Haven, Conn 1______________________________ New Orleans, L a______________________________ New York, N. Y 1_______________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va 1_________-______________________ Oklahoma City, Okla____________________—_____ 1385-29 1385-56 1385-39 1385-71 1385-49 1385-37 1385-42 1345-79 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 40 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents 1345-75 1385-2 25 cents 20 cents Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa 1___________________________ Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N. J 1 ______________ Philadelphia, P a.-N . J 1___ ____________________ Phoenix, Ariz 1_____________________________Pittsburgh, P a _________________________________ Portland, Maine1______________________________ Portland, Or eg. —Wash1___________________ Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—M ass____________ Raleigh, N. C 1__________________________________ Richmond, Va 1_______________ ________ _________ 1385-14 1385-62 1385-31 1385-54 1385-38 1385-22 1385-67 1385-65 1385-7 1385-23 25 25 30 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Rockford, 1111__________________________________ St. Louis, M o.—Ill____________________ -_______ Salt Lake City; Utah______________ -___________ San Antonio, T ex1______________________________ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, Calif1____ San Diego, Calif_______________________________ San Francisco—Oakland, Calif1________________ Savannah, Ga1_________________________ ________ Scranton, P a 1_______________________________ — Seattle, Wash1_________________________________ 1385-60 1385-21 1385-28 1345-78 1385-9 1385-13 1385-36 1385-69 1385-8 1385-10 25 25 20 25 25 20 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Sioux Falls, S. Dak1___________________________ South Bend, Ind1_______________________________ Spokane, Wash1, _______________________________ Toledo, Ohio___________________________________ Trenton, N. J________________________________ __ Washington, D. C .—Md.—V a ____________________ Waterbury, Conn1______________________________ Waterloo, Iowa________________________________ Wichita, Kans______________________________ ____ Worcester, Mass_______ __________ „ ________ York, Pa1 ______________________________________ 1385-20 1385-51 1345-66 1385-46 1385-27 1385-17 1385-48 1385-18 1385-6 1345-80 1385-45 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 20 20 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents