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Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA N O V E M B E R 1963 1385-23 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES SAN FRAN CISCO "JCOLO. 1365 Ontario Street Cleveland. Ohio 44114 T e l .: 241-7900 V /- Region V-----Western g as itsst 630 Sansome Street San Francisco, Calif. 94111 Tcl. : YUkon 6-3111 C X o l.^ 82S-7226 [0KL». ^TEX. 1 l ' ' ! 1 i. 1____ »KK. \ ' fa ( Region III ------ Southern 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, Ca. 30309 T e l .: TRinity 6-3311 Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA NOVEMBER 1963 Bulletin No. 1385-23 February 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0402 - Price 25 cents r v \ P refa ce C on ten ts Page The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is de signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and e s tablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for metropolitan area labor markets, for economic regions, and for the United States. A major consideration in the program is the need for greater insight into (a) the move ment of wages by occupational category and skill level, and (b) the structure and level of wages among labor markets and industry divisions. Introduction__________ ;___________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups__________________________ Tables: 1. 2. A: A preliminary report and an individual area bulletin present survey results for each labor market studied. After completion of all of the individual area bulletins for a round of surveys, a two part summary bulletin is issued. The first part brings data for each of the labor markets studied into one bulletin. The second part presents information which has been projected from individual labor market data to relate to economic regions and the United States. B: Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the program. Information on occupational earnings is collected annually in each area. Information on estab lishment practices and supplementary wage provisions is obtained biennially in most of the areas. This bulletin presents results of the survey in Richmond, Va. , in November 1963. It was prepared in the Bureau’ s regional office in Atlanta, Ga. , by George G. Farish, under the direction of Donald M. Cruse. The study was under the general direction of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied___________________________________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods_______ Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and women______________________ A - 2. Professional and technical occupations—men and w om en_______________________________________________ A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women combined_______________________________ A -4 . Maintenance and powerplant occupations________________ A - 5. Custodial and material movement occupations__________ 8 9 10 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Minimum entrance salaries for womenoffice workers__ B -2. Shift differentials_________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled weekly hours___________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays_____________________________________________ B -5. Paid vacations_____________________________________________ B -6 . Health, insurance, and pension plans___________________ B -7. Paid sick leave____________________________________________ 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 Appendix: Occupational descriptions___________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other areas. (See inside back cover.) Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for building construction, printing, localtransit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. Hi 5 7 21 O c cu p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y —R ic h m o n d , Va. Introduction as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings alid related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employ ment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabu lations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed may be due to such factors as (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among in dustries and establishments; (2) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis; and (3) differences in specific duties performed, although the occu pations are appropriately classified within the same survey job de scription. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments. This allows for minor differences among establish ments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. E s timates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differ ences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material move ment. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A -series tables because either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or (2) there is possi bility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they relate to office and plant workers. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction workers who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. "Office workers" include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions. "Plant workers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) en gaged in nonoffice functions. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, Minimum entrance salaries (table B -l) relate only to the e s tablishments visited. They are presented in terms of establishments with formal minimum entrance salary policies. 1 2 Shift differential data (table B-2) are limited to plant workers in manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment p olicy,1 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification ’’other" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. The scheduled weekly hours (table B-3) of a majority of the first-shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B-7) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B -2 through B -7 may not equal totals because of rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B-4) are limited to data on holidays granted annually on a formal basis; i. e. , (1) are provided for in written form, or (2) have been established by custom. Holidays ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a non workday, even if the worker is not granted another day off. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and half holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to formal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, payments not on a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -6 and B-7) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans 3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com mercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. 2 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer 1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it m et either of the following contributions. conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering 3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan shifts during the 12 months prior to die survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were late shifts. excluded. 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Richmond, V a ., Number of establishments Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division by m ajor industry division, 2 November 1963 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Within scope of study 3 Studied T otal4 Studied Office Plant Total4 A ll divisions------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ 383 131 80, 100 16,300 48, 500 52,230 ----- — --------- — __— _ . . . Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing---------- ---------------__ --------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 -----------------------------------------------------W holesale trade --------- — — — __ __ Retail trade------------- — Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ____________________ S e r v ic e s 8---------- -----— — ------ — ------- 50 132 251 51 80 3 6 ,8 0 0 43, 300 3, 500 12,800 2 7 ,3 0 0 21, 200 25, 280 26,950 36 58 78 47 32 18 15 18 16 13 11, 200 5,7 0 0 14, 400 8, 300 3 ,7 0 0 - 50 50 50 50 50 3, 100 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 4, 600 ( 6) 6) (7 ) ( 6) 9, 2, 7, 5, 2, 900 280 580 120 070 1 The Richmond Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area co n sists-of Richmond City; and Chesterfield and Henrico Counties. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. i The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. 3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service , and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Richmond's gas utility is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "a ll indu stries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 W orkers from this entire industry division are represented in estim ates for "a ll indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estim ates for "a ll in d u stries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6 above. 8 H otels; personal serv ice s; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural service s. 1 * Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods, Richmond, Va. Index (Decem ber 1960=100) Industry and occupational group November 1963 Percents of increase November 1962 to November 1963 November 1961 to November 1962 December I960 to November 1961 February I960 to Decem ber I960 A ll industries: Office clerical (men and women). _______ __ Industrial nurses (men and women)___________ Skilled maintenance (men)____ __ __ _____ . . Unskilled plant (m en)___________________ __ „ 1 09.3 106. 1 10 8 .8 11 5 .3 2 .6 3 .5 2 .3 3. 1 2 .5 1 .0 2 .6 3 .2 3 .9 1.5 3 .5 18. 3 2 .6 3 .7 3 .4 5 .3 Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women)______________ Industrial nurses (men and women)___________ Skilled maintenance (men)____ __ _____ __ Unskilled plant (men) _____ __ __ __ __ — 107.8 105.5 1 08.0 116.0 2 .8 3 .4 1.9 3. 7 2 .0 1 .5 2 .7 3 .2 2 .8 .5 3 .2 18. 4 2 .9 3 .6 3 .2 2 .5 1 The amount of this increase reflected the effect of the new minimum wage and changes in employment among establishments with different pay levels in addition to general wage changes. 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group aggregate for each period after the base year (1961). The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay for overtime. A: Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A viraqb Sex, occupation, and industry division of workers $45 Weekly j Weekly j Under and (Standard) (Standard) $45 under $50 $50 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $ 135^ $140 $145 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 over and Men Clerks, accounting, class A ------- __ __ Manufacturing __ _____ — -----------Nonmanufacturing_____________________ Public utilities3------ ----- ---------- _ 161 84 77 35 38. 5 39.0 38. 5 40. 0 $110.50 117.00 103.00 108.50 . “ _ “ _ - - 1 1 1 2 2 - _ - 6 2 4 “ 9 4 5 1 16 9 7 1 7 5 2 2 14 6 8 5 16 6 10 2 14 5 9 3 13 3 10 10 15 6 9 4 8 2 6 2 9 7 2 2 6 5 1 1 8 8 - 2 2 - 15 2 14 1 1 Clerks, accounting, class B-------------------Manufacturing __ -------- __ — Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------Public utilities 3------------------------------ 102 47 55 40 39.0 39. 0 39.5 4 0 .0 91.00 99.00 84.00 91.00 _ “ _ - _ - 6 6 5 11 11 2 6 6 4 8 5 3 2 9 7 2 2 6 3 3 2 7 7 “ 7 5 2 2 6 2 4 3 6 3 3 3 9 3 6 6 4 4 4 1 1 - 7 3 4 4 2 1 1 1 _ - 1 1 " 1 1 " 5 *5 - Clerks, order___ ________ ______ — Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 91 54 4 0.0 40 .0 88.00 82.50 _ _ _ _ 10 6 16 12 2 2 10 1 1 1 2 1 _ - 2 - _ - 1 1 _ - 27 11 _ " 10 10 _ - 9 9 _ “ 1 - Clerks, payroll 32 39.5 91.50 _ _ _ 2 _ _ 5 2 5 3 _ 5 2 _ _ 6 _ _ _ - _ - 2 - - 13 13 4 4 7 1 6 4 3 1 13 6 7 11 2 9 9 2 7 2 1 5 1 4 2 2 - 1 1 - 2 1 ~ - 1 2 2 - - - 9 9 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - ----------- ------- ------------- O ffW h « y Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 101 80 38. 5 38.0 60.50 59.50 . Tabulating-machine operators, class B____________ ____ __________________ Manufacturing---- ---------- __ __ -------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 73 26 47 38. 5 39.0 38. 0 93.50 101.00 89.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class C___ ___ „ _____________ ____ N onmanufac tur ing-------------------------------- 64 56 38. 5 38. 5 B illers, machine (billing machine)-------- 29 B illers, machine (bookkeeping machine)_______ ________ _______ _________ Manufacturing--------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 2 - . - 2 - 52 49 11 6 12 8 5 4 - - 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 2 5 2 3 71.00 69.50 - - 1 1 5 3 15 15 16 16 9 9 2 2 4 0.0 63.00 _ _ 4 15 _ 3 5 - - _ - _ - - 2 - - - _ _ - _ 99 25 74 39.0 38. 5 39.0 64.50 76.50 60.50 - 1 1 14 14 31 2 29 4 1 3 22 8 14 7 4 3 3 1 2 9 1 8 1 1 3 3 - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A _________________________________ Manufacturing_________________________ Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------- 87 32 55 38. 5 39. 5 38.0 75.00 77.00 74.00 - - - 1 - 14 4 10 13 5 8 15 9 6 7 7 7 4 3 3 3 " 3 1 2 4 1 3 " “ 1 1 - " - - - - 1 19 5 14 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B__ _____ __ ______ ____________ Manufacturing________ __ ___________ Nonmanufacturing- ------- — ------------- 183 25 158 39.0 39. 5 39. 0 64.00 70.00 63.50 " 1 1 18 18 38 7 31 45 4 41 32 3 29 27 27 12 2 10 9 8 1 1 1 C lerks, accounting, class A ____________ Manufacturing_________________________ Nonmanufacturing_____________________ 306 40 266 38.0 39.5 38.0 87.00 85.50 87.00 - - 13 2 11 8 2 6 28 5 23 53 12 41 129 6 123 15 5 10 23 2 21 9 3 6 4 4 6 3 3 4 4 4 4 - - _ - " - 500 63 437 110 38.0 39. 0 38. 0 39. 0 72.00 84.00 70.00 82.00 62 62 4 10 10 C lerks, accounting, class B_____________ Manufacturing- _ ____________________ Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------Public utilities 3___________________ 1 98 4 94 10 77 8 69 13 71 10 61 15 41 53 5 48 26 28 11 4 7 7 3 3 3 2 7 7 6 6 6 _ - 4 4 - - - - 63 55 38.0 38.0 74.50 74.00 2 2 17 17 5 4 3 3 10 8 10 7 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 C lerks , file, class A _________ _____ „ Nonmanufacturing---------------------------------------- 8 7 1 2 2 9 32 14 - 1 1 - - - - - _ ■ ■ ■ “ “ 1 - ----- 2 — Women See footnotes at end of table, - 1 - - " 6 6 1 1 19 19 2 2 9 9 19 3 _ - - _ " _ - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) Avkraqk S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n of Weeklyj Weekly , earnings hours (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- $45 $45 $50 under ” $50 $55 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 “ “ ” “ $70 $75 $80 $85 $85 $90 $95 ” ” $100 " $105 “ $110 " $115 $120 ~ $125 $130 $ 135 $140 _ “ “ “ and $135 $140 $145 over $145 $60 $65 45 26 15 15 11 5 4 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ £ 1 1 _ 11 11 4 - - 4 4 7 7 - - - - - - - - 2 5 5 - 6 5 " " - - " - - " " 1 - - - “ " _ _ _ - - - _ - $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 W o m e n — C o n t in u e d _ _ 52 39 - - 51 3 34 8 38 4 83 67 52 46 15 15 1 4 4 2 3 10 13 _ 5 1 6 3 3 20 16 23 13 2 9 3 1 1 6 10 6 8 2 15 7 13 - 2 2 7 5 - 5 5 - 15 17 4 13 6 13 6 - 6 - 2 - - - 14 6 1 3 4 1 _ _ _ _ 2 4 4 - 4 1 - - - - 1 4 - 6 6 2 6 6 - N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 --------------------------------- — 205 46 159 39 3 8 .0 39. 5 37. 5 3 9 .0 $ 6 3 . 50 6 7 . 50 6 2 .5 0 7 6 . 50 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s C --------- ~ — - - — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g — _______------------------ ------ 151 129 3 8 .5 38. 5 5 4 . 50 5 4 . 50 _ ------ 48 4 0 .0 7 5 . 00 _ C l e r k s , p a y r o l l -----------__ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------- 145 51 94 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 38. 5 8 2 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 80. 00 C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g — -------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g — _ __ ___________ 155 42 113 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 6 8 . 50 6 9 .0 0 6 8 . 50 35 29 38. 5 38. 5 6 7 . 50 7 0 .0 0 8 1 .0 0 C le r k s , file , c la s s B C le r k s , o r d e r — - — _ _ _ _ _ _ ------- ---- — D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( M i m e o g r a p h o r D i t t o ) ______________________ 8 5 - " _ _ - " _ - - - - " - - _ 14 3 - 7 14 15 3 12 2 12 44 13 31 21 * 17 4 13 12 11 8 5 - - 3 4 7 5 8 7 - 1 4 7 2 g 7 - - 1 16 30 20 15 3 2 13 7 6 14 8 22 16 4 12 9 2 1 1 2 - - - 64 40 18 1 20 4 18 _ _ _ _ 19 19 4 4 18 18 - - - - - - - - - _ - - 49 72 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 38. 5 8 8 .0 0 _ - 7 5 . 50 “ - - 1 3 3 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 7 0 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 _ _ 11 50 54 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 -------------------------------------- 282 29 253 94 - - O f f i c e g i r l s ______________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------- 53 47 3 8 .0 37. 5 5 6 .0 0 5 5 . 50 - ----------S e c r e ta r ie s _ _ M a n u fa c tu r in g ------- _ _ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ ___ P u b lic u t il it ie s 3 - 954 343 611 119 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 39. 5 8 9 . 50 9 4 . 50 8 7 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 _ S ten og ra p h ers, g en era l 617 22l 396 143 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 39. 5 7 7 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 9 3 . 00 9 229 71 158 43 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 8 4 . 00 9 2 . 50 8 0 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 - S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s _ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------- __ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ------__ _____ ______ 152 6 8 . 50 8 124 32 40. 5 *9. 5 40. 5 4 0 .0 8 3 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 8 0 . 50 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ------___ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________ _______________ _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------— ____ 131 48 83 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 0 . 00 7 6 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ____ _ _ ____ 121 K ey p u n ch o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B_ _ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------- ----------------_ __ __ ____ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ----- ---- , ---------_------ ----- __ ---_______------------- S te n o g r a p h e r s s e n io r M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g P u b lic u t il it ie s 3 __ ------ _ ---- See footnotes at end of table, — ts " - 8 2 11 4 1 1 - _ - - - - _ - " - - “ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - " - - - - - - - “ _ _ 2 3 3 7 5 5 1 2 2 9 - 47 14 51 57 35 13 - - 10 12 11 6 - - 15 15 17 14 15 14 - 2 - - _ - - “ " 4 4 " “ " " - - 3 3 14 14 58 56 107 30 77 81 40 41 65 37 - - 53 33 4 44 — Z2 “ 147 84 63 5 86 - 52 4 48 3 112 - _ - 8 22 11 27 14 13 5 39 9 30 25 4 3 27 91 1 14 9 1 2 1 22 18 4 29 n 15 Q 42 12 1 19 9 79 14 92 14 14 42 41 29 29 9 9 1 1 2 2 1 10 49 5 3 23 21 22 14 3 11 9 2 9 8 1 2 12 3 1 2 1 3 6 2 12 2 1 35 •7 4 18 2 2 3 2 21 15 7 8 2 8 8 9 - 5 5 3 - - 9 - _ - _ “ _ - _ - g 11“ 47 7 - - 35 - 11 13 - 9 - 29 8 11 13 9 29 - - _ “ _ " - - 6 1 1 4 - 16 4 17 14 4 12 3 — rr 45 4 24 ------- T~ 22 2 37 16 27 71 10 5 5 2 — n r~ 94 5 90 63 27 1 8 1 68 26 19 7 59 9 3 8 3 15 3 7 2 30 io 23 13 15 9 20 10 8 6 3 4 17 --------T~ ” T 2 P ------ T ~ 1 7 5 2 5 1 6 l 6 2 8 23 - 1 2 2 - - 9 9 6 6 1 2 1 1 1 13 5 1 19 1 _ - - _ - - - 1 1 26 — r~ 22 15 - _ 13 7 ------- T ~ — z — 10 5 8 5 _ - - 1 1 1 1 - 1 - _ - - - - i - - 1 - 9 7 2 1 _ - _ _ - _ - - - _ - _ - - 1 " 7 “ T 4 _ " _ - 1 " 2 2 - _ - 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en— Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Ya. , November 1963) Avxbaox Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $45 Weekly 1 Weekly x U n d e r and earnings noun under $45 (Standard) (Standard) $50 $50 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 over 2 2 14 14 41 39 ” 8 8 - “ 3 3 2 - 4 4 13 - - - “ “ " - 7 5 8 8 8 8 19 19 2 2 15 13 H 12 9 8 5 4 2 1 10 8 2 2 39 77 27 3 24 3 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 10 41 4 37 3 8 1 - 1 - _ - 8 _ - - 51 31 15 16 - - - - " - 1 “ - 10 - - and Women— Continued Tabulating-machine operators, class B-----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing---------------------- 80 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 $ 8 1 .5 0 8 1 .0 0 Tabulating-machine operators, class C-----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing_________ ___ 50 48 36. 5 36. 5 6 5 .0 0 6 5 . 50 Transcribing-machine operators, gen eral----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing______________ 64 48 39. 0 3 9 .0 6 8 . 50 Typists, class A __________________ Manufacturing__________________ N onmanufactur ing«_------------------Public utilities3------------------- 236 41 195 31 38. 0 38. 5 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 7 1 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 6 9 . 50 7 4 .5 0 549 80 469 48 38. 5 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 6 0 . 50 6 5 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 88 Typists, class B ---------------------------Manufacturing---------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------Public utilities3____________ 1 2 3 4 - “ _ _ - - 6 6 _ _ 4 " “ _ _ - - 7 5 7 0 .0 0 . " 18 18 2 - 8 3 - 119 162 3 “ 111 7 8 155 3 8 38 5 67 4 144 29 115 15 63 12 10 5 3 2 1 3 3 - 5 5 6 _ 1 4 6 - - - > - - - 1 4 4 1 1 5 5 " 1 7 3 - - - 1 7 7 3 3 “ " " - 3 3 " 7 “ _ 1 1 - Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $145 to $150; 4 at $150 to $155; 3 at $155 to $160; and 3 at $160 and over. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $145 to $150; and 1 at $150 to $155. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , November 1963) Avxbaox Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weeklyj Weekly x earnings noun (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- $70 and under $75 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 $150 $155 $160 $80 $85 $90 $95 $100 $105 $110 $115 $120 $125 $130 $135 $140 $145 $150 $155 $160 $165 - - - - - 4 2 3 1 9 9 11 10 14 14 22 19 11 10 8 4 7 4 19 10 14 14 12 _ 2 2 4 4 14 12 12 10 12 12 11 1 8 8 - 4 3 5 2 8 6 9 8 6 4 5 2 - Men Draftsmen, senior------------------------------------Manufar.tu r in g 136 no 40 .0 40 .0 $129.00 129.00 __ --- --------- 64 57 40 .0 40 .0 91.50 91.50 Nurses, industrial (registered)__________ Manufacturing________ _ ____________ 57 44 39.5 40 .0 104.50 106.50 Draftsmen, junior __ __ 8 _ _ _ _ Women 2 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 8 8 1 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours, _ _ _ - 8 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) Number of Occupation and industry division Average weekly earnings1 (Standard) 36 32 Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine)-----------------Nviunanufactui mg 100 26 74 75.00 77. 00 74. 00 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ---------------- 201 34 167 64. 50 71. 00 63. 50 ________ __ ________ ------------ _ 467 124 343 Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------Public utilities2------- —------------------ —------- —------- 602 110 IQ? ‘tyc. 150 Clerks file class A Nonmanufacturing---------------------—--------------------------- 84 76 Clerks » stccounting* cistss ij— —— 241 ----- 43---195 59 95.00 107.00 90.50 75. 90. 71. 84. 00 50 50 50 00 50 50 50 __ __ 151 129 54. 50 54. 50 Clerks, order_______ __________________ __ ___________ 139 62 77 83. 50 89. 50 79.00 Clerks, file, class C ______ .___ _____ Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------------------- - Switchboard operators— ----------------- __ — — — Manufacturing -------- -------- — - ------ ------- ----Nonmanufacturing— — -------- ------ ------ — — Public utilities 2-------------------------------------------------- 153 29 124 32 $68.50 83. 50 65. 00 80. 50 Switchboard operator-receptionists--------------------------Manufacturing----------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing- ----_ _ ----- ------------ -------- 131 48 83 70. 00 70. 00 70. 00 Office occupations— Continued Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 158 45 113 68. 50 69. 50 68.50 Duplicating-machine operators (Mimeograph or Ditto)____________________________ — Nonn\2iTiuf rt1! T"*Y\g 50 35 69. 50 “ 68.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class B--------------------Manufacturing_______________ _ __ _______ __ __ Nonmanufacturing----------- ------------------------ _ -------- 161 34 127 87. 00 98. 00 84. 00 Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------------—----------- 123 50 73 80. 50 88.00 75.50 Tabulating-machine operators, class C_____________ Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------------------------- 114 104 68. 50 67. 50 Keypunch operators, class B________________________ Manufacturing_______ ____ - _____________ ____ Nonmanufacturing— ___ ____ _ _______ _____ public ntii'tiAQ ^ - 290 29 261 97 70. 70. 70. 80. Transcribing-machine operators, general---------------Nonmanufac turi ng— — — — — _______________ 64 48 68. 50 70. 00 Office boys and girls_________________________________ Typists, class A _____________ ___ ____ __ ____ __ Manufacturing----------- -------- ------- --------- — _ ___ Nonmanufacturing------- --------------------- -----------------Public utilities2____ ___ _____________ 236 41 195 31 71. 77. 69. 74. Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- 154 27 127 Typists, class B ______________________________________ Manufacturing------------ ------- —-------- - — ------------- Nonmanufacturing----------------------,---------------------------Public utilities 2------------------------------------------------ 985 344 641 149 553 82 471 50 61. 00 65. 50 60. 00 71.00 110 129.00 129.00 65 57 91. 50 91. 50 57 44 104.50 106. 50 Keypunch operators, class A ------------------------------------- 640 Stenographers, general---------------------------------------------Manufacturing_________________ _____ __________ __ “ i i i — Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- -------------------419 166 Public utilities 2-----------------------------------------------Stenographers, senior__________ ___________ _______ _ Manufacturing--------------------------------------------------------Nonm anufac turing--- ---- ----- _______--------------------------Fablic utilities 2----------------- ---------------------------- Earnings relate to regular straight-time weekly salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. earnings* (Standard) $83.50 87. 50 80. 50 87. 00 88.00 66. 67. 65. 84. Number of workers Occupation and industry division 177 76 101 64. 50 76.00 60. 50 87 32 55 Clerks, accounting, class A___ earnings* (Standard) Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- $68.50 66. 00 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A ---------------Manufacturing--------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------------------- ___ Number of Office occupations— Continued Office occupations Nonmanufacturing___ Occupation and industry division 230 158 43 00 00 00 50 59.00 T O O " 58. 00 ' 90. 50 94. 50 88. 50 110.00 Public utilities 2-------------------------------------------------- Professional and technical occupations 78. 00 76750” Draftsmen, senior___ ___________ ____ — ________ 78. 50 95.00 Draftsmen, junior-------------------------------------------------------84. 00 Manufacturing__ _ _____ ------ — _____ 92. 50 80. 00 Nurses, industrial (registered)— _ ----------------- _ 37. 00 00 00 50 50 9 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Average $ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $2.20 $ O o $2.40 $ I 3 o $2.60 $2770 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 hourly . and earnings and under $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 over Occupation and industry division Number of workers Carpenters, maintenance---------------------Manufa ctur ing________________________ Nonmanufacturing------------------------------ 91 63 28 $2.84 2.92 2.68 Electricians, maintenance-. __ Manufacturing------------------------------------ 236 210 3.11 3.08 Engineers, stationary__________________ Manufacturing------------------------------------ 67 48 2.69 2.72 Firemen, stationary boiler ___ Manufacturing — ____ 70 55 Helpers, maintenance trades__________ Manufacturing___________________ ____ Nonmanufacturing— _ ------ ------ 1 “ - - - 1 " 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 . . 2 2 " " - - “ - 1.93 2.10 5 5 - _ 3 3 . - 3 3 6 6 - 130 78 52 2.41 2.33 2.52 . “ 1 - . - 3 3 1 2 2 ■ 7 6 1 2 2 4 3 Machinists, maintenance__________ —__ Manufactur ing 265 262 3.06 3.06 " - “ “ ~ - - ~ Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) -__ ____ _________ Manufa ctur ing_______________________ Nonmanufacturing—--------------------------Public utilities2................................. 268 47 221 172 2.46 2.33 2.48 2.53 - _ - _ " _ - _ • 11 4 7 5 2 2 Mechanics, maintenance----------------------Manufa rfrnring 465 444 Millwrights____ __ - ___ Manufa ctur ing__ ____—_______________ ! 1 1 " 2 - 2 2 1 1 5 4 3 3 2 1 6 6 - 4 _ 4 2 2 - 3 3 - 29 21 8 18 17 6 5 1 1 2 - 3 3 6 6 7 4 38 38 18 18 6 5 88 88 10 6 7 4 ! - 7 7 4 3 15 14 1 " “ 8 8 4 4 8 8 - - 4 4 - - 5 5 . - 52 52 7 7 4 4 - 26 26 “ - 8 8 9 8 4 4 3 3 2 2 23 23 3 3 4 3 1 - 11 - 8 8 ! 4 4 ! " 3 3 3 2 1 1 n 15 13 2 6 1 5 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 ! 1 3 3 8 8 10 3 7 5 31 8 23 14 8 4 4 4 38 6 32 32 36 36 36 6 1 5 5 3 2 1 1 3 3 - 33 16 17 16 _ _ " 2 2 - 2.94 2.94 10 10 9 9 30 30 13 13 42 40 9 9 6 2 19 1Q 1 7 5 119 1 1Q 117 157 157 3.07 3.07 1 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 - - - ____ - ____ - 75 74 2.14 2.14 . “ - Painters, maintenance-------------------------Manufacturing------------------------------------ 96 81 2.85 2.99 _ . Pipefitters, maintenance——_______________ 115 115 3.19 3.19 _ . . 54 54 3.16 3.16 _ . . _ __ Oilers _ ___ Manufacturing __ - - Mannfarhiring Sheet-metal workers, maintenance____ Manufacturing _ _ - - 11 3 4 - 1 1 - 5 5 2 2 3 3 7 7 j 1 n 11 1 - _ _ 4 2 . . _ . . . . _ . _ _ 1 1 - 6 5 6 6 2 2 30 30 - - - - 6 6 6 5 . 2 1 5 1 2 2 ! ■ 7 7 4 2 2 2 . . _ . _ . . 1 1 1 87 87 1 _ 1 28 27 19 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . a n d la te s h ift s . " - j - 4 3 - " - - _ - _ _ _ - - 49 49 11 11 136 136 1 2 - 1 46 _ 46 30 25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - " 193 l1y j 10 - 7 7 - 25 23 - 58 58 - - - - - - - - 3 2 58 58 - 4 4 78 78 1 1 j 24 24 7 7 . 1 11 5 5 36 36 ' 1 _ - " 11 2 _ 2 - 10 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , November 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Average Elevator operators, passenger (women)_______________________________ Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- 40 39 $0. 85 . 84 Guards and watchmen__ ____ ____ — _ Manufacturing___________ —---------------Watchmen------------------ —------------- Nonmanufacturing------— --------------- - 249 153 107 96 1.96 2. 12 1. 81 1.70 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men)---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing------- ---------------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------Public utilities 4 _____________________ 970 434 536 103 1. 1. 1. 1. Janitors, porters, and cleaners (worn en) - ____ ___ _____________________ _ Manufactur ing______________ ________ _ Nonmanufacturing—--------------------------- Occupation 1 and industry division $0.60 $0.70 $0.80 $0.90 $1.00 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 Under and $0.60 under $0.70 $0.80 $0.90 $1.00 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 36 6 15 15 3 3 - - ” “ 55 80 35 80 8 _ 8 - 212 46 166 1. 28 1.46 1. 24 Laborers, material handling--------------Manufacturing— ------------ ------- — Nonmanufacturing----------------------------Public utilities4--------------------------- 1,235 552 683 183 1.71 1. 77 1.65 2. 13 Order fille r s -----------------------------------------Manufacturing-----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------ 360 75 285 1. 87 2. 17 1. 80 Packers, shipping--------------------------------Manufacturing__________ ______ ______ 163 98 1. 57 1.72 Receiving clerk s------- ------- ------------ Mamifartiiring Nonmanufacturing------------------- --------- 97 57 40 2. 22 2. 44 1.90 Shipping clerks Nonmanufac turing ------------------------- — 99 64 35 2. 20 2. 26 2. 10 Shipping and receiving clerk s-------------«g 51 28 2. 27 2. 31 Truckdrivers 5 --------------------------------------Manufacturing— ~ — ---- ------- -------Nonmanufacturing----------------------------- 1, 163 *51 912 1.91 1.76 1.95 ------- — — — — ---- - See footnotes at end of table. 6 5 3 3 1 1 32 7 7 25 23 13 13 10 12 9 9 3 12 2 2 10 8 7 7 1 13 13 13 " 8 6 6 2 6 5 5 1 16 14 13 2 43 36 32 7 13 3 8 - 9 10 8 49 - 53 53 - 120 18 102 105 49 56 7 77 23 54 13 60 31 29 7 106 50 56 29 70 58 12 3 23 15 8 6 24 18 6 2 86 84 2 2 65 60 5 3 32 2 30 30 31 31 11 11 75 16 59 19 15 4 30 3 27 12 1 11 5 3 2 4 3 1 1 1 " ~ 1 1 " 8 2 6 4 4 • 4 4 “ 254 53 201 9 120 46 74 ” 80 62 18 " 30 29 1 1 200 36 164 1 120 114 6 5 14 14 13 51 45 6 4 18 18 17 35 2 33 24 24 23 1 22 21 6 15 79 79 28 13 15 4 4 “ 28 1 11 2 45 39 20 20 6 5 12 12 2 2 - 6 1 5 5 5 " 3 6 5 1 4 7 12 8 4 2 2 - 15 14 1 _ 8 2 5 199 8 191 32 17 15 27 19 8 39 25 14 4 4 - - - - - - 3 - - 4 28 _ 28 “ 19 19 - 7 _ 7 “ 2 49 _ _ 2 “ 8 8 6 6 _ - - ■ " " - ” “ - . - 3 2 2 4 - - - 1 _ - - - - “ - - 21 . 1 20 . . . . _ _ _ 22 " - - " - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ 3 5 j 9 - 5 1 9 _ _ _ 4 - 4 95 12 83 142 48 94 _ 56 27 29 _ 2 5 9 3 33 33 5 4 1 1 - - 9 1 - “ - 36 26 10 _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - - 1 1 - - - - - _ - - 126 99 27 27 86 26 60 60 125 42 83 45 3 3 . ■ " . ■ . - 1 . ■ . ■ 12 12 15 15 ■ 10 10 • _ “ 57 57 7 7 24 23 1 . " _ ” 3 3 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 7 2 2 _ 3 2 2 7 3 “ " ■ - “ - - - - _ - _ - 4 4 “ 14 4 4 - 3 3 3 7 7 7 7 _ 22 19 _ _ - " - 3 3 - “ 5 5 - 25 4 21 6 6 - 11 11 ~ 2 2 1 2 2 - 3 3 " 1 1 " 2 2 - 1 1 - _ 1 1 8 8 4 4 _ 11 10 1 _ 7 1 1 - 3 3 25 25 124 13 111 26 15 11 13 4 9 113 18 95 157 17 140 3 3 . _ - - - 2 1 _ 1 104 - - 104 11 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., November 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Number of worker* Avenge $0.60 $0.70 $0.80 $ 0.90 $ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2?70 J z M $ 2.96 | X o U Under and $0.60 under $0.70 $0.80 $0.90 $ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 Truckdrivers 5— Continued Truckdrivers, light (under l 1/2 t o n s ) __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing________________ $1.91 1.92 - - 556 160 ” 396 272 1.91 1.73 1.99 2.29 _ - _ - 168 146 128 2.53 2.63 2.77 - - - - - - - 1.91 1.91 1.90 _ - _ - _ - _ . - - 167 149 Truckdrivers, medium ( l 13 /2 to and Manufactur ing Nonmanufacturing PiiKlir iifilitiofi ^ Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Nonmanufacturing — —— — ——— — Public utilities 4 ---------------------Truckers, power (forklift)______________ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing — 1 2 3 4 5 372 251 121 - - " " - . - - - _ - 6 6 2 1 1 _ _ - 62 62 - “ - - - ' 98 11 87 87 20 15 5 5 10 2 8 69 2 67 67 86 8 78 78 1 _ 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ . 6 _ 20 20 20 . - 1 1 32 28 23 1 _ " _ “ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ - 7 3 4 . - 6 6 40 40 31 31 5 _ 5 7 23 22 1 _ . _ 2 2 22 20 8 8 19 15 8 8 8 7 5 5 10 9 6 _ _ . 2 2 33 10 23 95 24 71 31 23 8 19 8 11 21 14 7 12 9 3 2 28 23 5 4 9 9 - 10 - 1 - _ - _ - . - ! . 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A ll workers were at $0.50 to $0.60. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. 4 4 3 3 5 5 6 4 2 5 5 23 19 4 1 1 7 6 1 1 35 32 3 1 1 38 20 18 47 35 12 90 33 57 " g 1 - 7 - _ _ - 20 _ 20 20 - - 84 84 84 6 _ 6 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 12 Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) Inexperienced typists Minimum weekly straight-tim e sa la r y 1 Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37 7* Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All industries All industries 40 Based on standard weekly hours 3 ofA ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37 72 40 Establishments studied-------------------------------------------------------------- 131 51 XXX 80 XXX XXX 131 51 XXX 80 XXX XXX Establishments having a specified minimum—. -------------------- 46 13 10 33 9 18 51 11 9 40 12 21 and under $ 4 0 . 0 0 — --------— — ------ ----and under $ 4 2 . 5 0 -----------------------------------------------------and under $ 4 5 . 0 0 -----------------------------------------------------and under $ 4 7 . 5 0 -----------------------------------------------------and under $ 5 0 . 0 0 -------------- — - --------- - --------and under $ 5 2 . 5 0 -----------------------------------------------------and under $ 5 5 . 0 0 . ------ --------- _ --------- — and under $ 5 7 . 5 0 — ------------------- ------ — and under $ 6 0 . 0 0 -----------------------------------------------------and under $ 6 2 . 5 0 - — . . . ----------and under $ 6 5 . 0 0 --------------------------------------- — ---------and under $ 6 7 . 5 0 --------------- — — --------and under $ 7 0 . 0 0 ------------- — -------------------------------------------------------------------------and under $ 7 2 . 5 0 __________ __________________________________ and under $ 7 5 . 0 0 __________ ___________ ____________________ and over ______________________________________________________________ . _ - - . - - 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - _ - 1 1 - $37. $40. $42. $45. $47. $50. $52. $55. $57. $60. $62. $65. $67. $70. $72. $75. 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 - 4 4 11 2 1 25 3 3 7 1 - 1 4 31 4 3 4 1 - 3 4 6 1 1 17 7 3 8 8 - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 2 1 - - - - 1 - 3 2 2 - - . 1 - 1 1 3 2 1 - - - - 4 3 - - 2 - 1 - 3 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 2 - - 2 - 2 2 - Establishments having no specified m inim um -------------------------------------- 19 6 XXX 13 XXX XXX 22 8 Establishments which did not employ workers in this category ------------------ -------------------- ------------- --------------- 66 32 XXX 34 XXX XXX 58 32 These salaries relate to form ally established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid for standard workweeks, Excludes workers in subclerical jobs such as m essenger or office g irl. Data are presented for all standard workweeks combined, and for the m ost common standard workweeks reported. 1 - - 21 - ----------- 1 - 2 1 1 2 - 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 XXX 14 XXX XXX XXX 26 XXX XXX 13 Table B-2. Shift Differentials (Shift d ifferentials of manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of differential, Richmond, V a ., N ovem ber 1963) P ercent of manufacturing plant w orkers— In establishm ents having form al provisions 1 for— Shift differential Actually working on— Second shift work Third or other shift work Second shift T o t a l -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75.0 54.8 15.7 6 .2 With shift pay d iffe re n tia l------------------------------------- 7 5.0 54.8 15.7 6 .2 U niform cents (per h o u r)_____________________ 31.4 23.2 6.2 2.8 1.7 13.0 1.8 3.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.5 3.9 " . 1.3 1.4 2.8 1.0 4 .4 4.7 2.3 1.5 2.2 1.6 .3 2.7 .4 1.1 .1 .3 .2 .5 .7 - _ .4 .2 .4 .3 .5 .8 (2 ) .1 - 40.6 29.8 8.8 3.5 23.3 17.2 _ 29.8 5.3 3.5 _ 3.5 3.1 1.8 .6 ' ' 4 cents __ ____________ _________ ___ 5 c e n t s _______________________ ___________ 6 cents ______________________ __ ____ ________ 7 c e n t s ____________________________ ________ 8 c e n t s ------------------- ------------------------------ — 9 c e n t s _________ ___________________ _____ 1 0 c ent s ___ __ _______________________________ 12 cen ts-------------------- ----------- --------------------12 Vz cen ts___________ ______________ ___ 13 V 3 c e n ts.________________________________ 15 cen ts________________________ — _______ 15 V2 cen ts___________________________________ 16 c e n ts.______________________________________ 20 cen ts____________ ________________________ 25 c e n ts.___________ _________- __ ___ - _____ U niform p e rcen ta g e___________________________ 8 p e r c e n t______ _____ __ 10 p e r c e n t _____________ ___ __ _____ ____ __ _____ Other fo rm a l pay d iffe r e n t ia l____________ __ With no shift pay d iffe re n tia l____________________ - Third or other shift - - 1 Includes establishm en ts currently operating late shifts, and establishm ents with form al provisions covering late shifts even though they w ere not cu rrently operating late shifts. 2 L e s s than 0 .0 5 percent. 14 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Weekly hours 35 hours V4 hours —__________ ______________ — — ___ ____ _______ 367* hours r,,— 36 llz h o u rs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 7 V2 h o u rs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 7 V2 and under 40 hours -----------------------------------------40 h o u rs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 40 and under 44 hours ----------------------------------------------44 h o u rs ---------- — ------------ — ---------------------------------------------------------45 hours ------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 45 and under 48 hours ----------------------------------------------48 h o u rs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 48 hours -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 6 All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 1 2 All industries 3 100 100 100 100 1 (4 ) 5 10 2 2 24 6 51 1 0 (4 ) _ (4 ) 2 Manufacturing 100 100 - - - - - - _ - - - - _ 11 1 38 82 62 - 1 2 - - - - - 2 2 76 4 1 7 1 5 3 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L ess than 0.5 percent. Public utilities 2 1 2 83 2 - - 79 _ - - 8 19 _ _ 2 2 2 15 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Richmond, Va. , November 1963) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item All industries 1 A ll w orkers_______________ _____ _ __ _ __ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 96 98 100 2 - 6 (4) 9 _ _ 22 _ _ 41 _ 27 _ W orkers in establishm ents providing W orkers in establishm ents providing _ __ no paid holidays ____________ __ ■ - - 4 (4) 5 1 35 3 (4) 27 2 20 3 (4) 2 1 1 5 19 3 1 26 . 9 55 7 5 30 1 1 35 Number of days L ess than 5 holidays— ____ ____ _ _______ __ _ ________ 5 holidays______ ____ _______ 5 holidays plus 1 half day________________________ 6 holidays_____________ __________ __ ____ _____ __ __ 6 holidays plus 1 half day__ _____ _ _ ______ 6 holidays plus 2 half d a y s ________ __ ___________ 7 holidays_____ __ __ ____ _____________ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day________________________ 8 holidays_____ __ __ __ _ ____ _________ 8 holidays plus 1 half day____ _ ________ __ 9 holidays_________________________________________ 10 holidays plus 2 half days______ __ ______ - 44 18 2 49 - - - 37 16 (4) " 23 - - - - - " " - - “ Total holiday time 5 u days_____________________________________________ 9 days or m o r e ______ _____ __ ___ _ __ _ 8 V2 days or m o r e _________________________________ 8 days or m o r e ___ ___ ____ __ _________ ________ ___ 7V2 days or m ore __ _ ______ _ ________ 7 days or m o r e __________________________________ 61/? days or m ore _ __ ____ _ ___ ____ 6 days or m o r e __ __ ______ __ _______ Sl!z days or m o r e _________________________________ 5 days or m o r e — __ __ __ ____ 4 days or m ore _ ________ _ __ _ 3 days or m ore ____ ___ ___ _______ _____ ___________ 2 days or m ore __ _ ______ 2 3 6 26 29 55 59 93 94 100 100 100 100 100 _ - 44 44 71 74 93 97 99 99 100 100 100 _ - 37 37 91 91 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ (!> (4) 16 16 52 54 84 84 89 90 94 95 96 - 23 23 74 74 92 92 93 93 97 98 98 _ 27 27 69 69 91 91 91 100 100 100 100 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities3 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 98 94 1 1 2 98 93 1 4 100 100 - 2 2 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations-----------------------------------------------------Length-of-tim e paym ent— — ------------------ _ Percentage payment ------------- ---------------------F lat-su m paym ent— ------------- ---------------------O th er--------- ----------------------- — ------------------ Workers in establishments providing no paid vacations— -------------- ----------------------- - (5) Amount of vacation pay6 After 6 months of service Under 1 week— — —— — — — — — 1 week---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 58 3 3 3 63 8 _ 53 - 10 28 4 9 25 6 _ 30 (5) 68 2 _ 21 2 _ 82 18 1 52 1 43 “ 45 2 51 - 28 49 7 44 14 30 - After 1 year of service Und e r 1 we ek— ——— — — ——— — 1 week____ __ — — — — — — ---------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s___ — — -------------— 77 ■ 97 3 After 2 years of service Under 1 week---------------------------------------------------------1 week---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------ ----------------------------------------------—--------— Over 2 and under 3 w eek s----------------------------------- _ 10 8 81 2 _ 14 1 84 - 4 1 33 39 58 - 7 9 58 " 60 - 3 (5) 95 2 8 92 - 1 99 “ 18 2 78 " 19 2 77 ~ 11 89 “ 3 (5) 95 2 7 1 99 17 1 80 17 1 80 10 90 " After 3 years of service 1 week-___________________________________________ — Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------- ------ --------------------------- —---------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s----------------------------------After 4 years of service 1 week---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s----------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, 1 92 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Richmond, Va., November 1963) PLANT W ORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Vacation policy A ll industries1 2 M anufacturing P u blic utilities3 A ll industries4 Manufacturing P u blic u tilities3 Amount of vacation pay 6— Continued After 5 years of service 1 week _ _ Over 1 and under 2 2 weeks O v*r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______ 3 weeks __ 1 ----------------------- (5 ) 78 ______ 12 9 1 1 65 _ 8 1 9 1 82 2 5 89 _ 97 3 9 40 8 37 - 100 - - 33 - 4 - 96 - - 1 - After 10 years of service 1 54 8 37 2 weeks — Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks 1 35 4 - - 89 - 49 54 8 9 35 8 34 4 60 - - - 67 _ 81 19 54 57 36 1 20 78 1 1 27 71 _ 5 95 9 22 68 8 22 69 4 8 89 - - 1 18 55 4 22 1 22 27 _ 5 95 - . 63 After 12 years of service 1 50 8 41 1 w eek 2 weeks Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks 1 32 - After 15 years of service 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks Over 3 and under 4 weeks _______ - - - 9 20 45 24 8 20 53 18 4 8 79 10 9 20 21 48 8 18 25 47 4 8 25 64 After 20 years of service 1 week ___ __ 2 weeks 3 weeks Over 3 and under 4 weeks_________________________ 4 weeks - 49 (5 ) After 25 years of service 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks _ Over 4 weeks — 1 18 29 51 1 1 22 20 57 _ 5 40 55 1 Includes basic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation*savings and those plans which offer "extended" or "sab b a tical" benefits beyond basic plans to w orkers with qualifyinglengths ofservice. Typical of such exclusions are plans recently negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can industries. 2 Includes data for w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L e ss than 0.5 percent. 6 Includes payments other than "length of t i m e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not n ecessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Estim ates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 weeks' pay or more after 5 years includes those who receive 3 weeks' pay or more after fewer years of service. 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension b e n e fits,1 Richmond, V a ., November 1963) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLANT W ORKERS Type of benefit A ll w orkers — __ — ------ _ — A ll industries2 Manufacturing 100 100 93 42 P u blic utilities 3 Ail industries 4 M anufacturing P u b lic utilities 3 100 100 100 100 90 99 85 86 96 30 42 37 29 47 - 72 - - 78 - 31 63 6 53 64 25 16 W orkers in establishments providing; Life insurance - — Accidental death and dismemberment Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 5______ ____ ______________ Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no 53 52 41 25 18 Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)------------------------------------------ - 1 - 12 13 - Hospitalization insurance - — Surgical insurance____________________________ Medical insurance____________________________ Catastrophe insurance__ — Retirement pension No health, insurance, or pension plan_~~— 86 86 69 79 73 1 79 78 66 55 73 2 99 99 97 95 55 1 78 75 54 31 59 4 84 79 58 17 64 3 96 96 87 75 64 4 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirem ent. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 19 Table B-7. Paid Sick Leave (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by form al sick leave provisions, Richmond, V a ., November 1963) OFFICE WORKERS Sick leave provision PLANT WORKERS All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100.0 1 00.0 100.0 6 1 .9 5 3 .4 38. 1 46. 6 Uniform plan:4 No waiting period_____________________________ __ Full p a y 5 _ ....................... . 5 days 6 days _ _____ 10 days_____________ 130 days .. . _ ...... Full pay plus partied pay 5_________________ 20 days ..... _ Waiting period__________________________________ 1 6 .4 15.8 3 .2 .5 9 .4 1.6 .5 .5 - Graduated p lan 4— After 1 year of service: No waiting period Full p a y 5 5 days_______________________________ _____ 10 days______ ____ ____ ___ 12 days.____ ______ ____ __ ______ ________ 13 days 15 days 20 days____ ____ _________ ___ _________ _ 40 to 50 days Full pay plus partial pay 5_________________ 5 days_____________________________________ Waiting period- A ll w orkers— W orkers in establishm ents providing form al paid sick leaveW orkers in establishm ents providing no form al paid sick leave_______________________ All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 1 00.0 10 0 .0 100.0 7 7 .5 3 7 .5 3 1 .4 43. 1 2 2 .5 6 2 .5 6 8 .6 5 6 .9 4 4 .5 4 2 .0 3 3 .8 6 .7 2 .5 2 .5 - 2 .2 2 .2 1 .4 .8 _ _ - 15 .6 1 5.3 .7 3 .4 1 .5 8 .9 .3 .3 7 .2 1 6 .4 1 5 .8 _ - 3 7 .4 3 0 .8 6 .5 6 .9 2 .4 6 .0 4 .6 3 .6 .8 6 .5 4 .4 8 .2 7 .9 7 .9 1 .8 2. 3 . _ 3 .9 1 .0 3 8 .7 3 8 .7 6 .9 . 3 1 .8 _ 3 6 .6 9 .0 4 .9 3 .5 _ _ _ .8 _ • 4. 1 2 .7 5 .7 4 5 .3 3 0 .7 5 .9 3. 1 2 .4 2 .5 2 .9 3 .6 .8 6 .0 14.6 1 .7 3 .8 6 .9 .2 7 .9 6. 1 - 7 5 .3 3 8 .7 6 .1 1 3.9 4 .9 2. 1 1 .3 _ .2 1 .8 . _ • - - 3 .9 1 .8 1 .0 3 1 .8 3 6 .6 3 6 .6 - 7 .9 2 .7 1 .3 2 .6 1 .0 .8 _ . _ 1 .8 1 .4 18.9 3 4 .4 7 .8 3 .6 ” Type and amount of paid aiek leave provided annually Graduated p la n 4— After 10 years of service: No waiting period_______________________________ Full pay 5____________________________________ 10 days___________________________________ 14 days___________________________________ 15 day s_______________ ______________ _ 18 days__ __—_____ ____ __ ____ __ ________ 20 days____ ___ _____ ____ _____ _____ __ 60 days___________________________________ 75 days_______________ ___________________ 80 to 90 days_____________________________ 130 days__________________________________ Full pay plus partial pay 5_________________ 15 d a y s 50 days_____________ ____________ ___ 70 days __ Partial pay only_____________________________ Waiting period. - 2 .3 - - - .8 - 1 5 .8 .6 .6 11. 7 _ . . _ _ _ _ _ 3 .2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15.6 15.6 15.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27.5 43.1 15.6 13.8 . _ 1.8 _ _ _ . 27.5 _ 27.5 _ - P ro v isio n s for accumulation W orkers in establishm ents having provisions for accumulation of unused sick leave 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and serv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 "U n iform p lan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an employee, after 1 year of service, is entitled to the same number of days' paid 15.6 sick leave each y ea r. "Graduated p lan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an em ployee's leave varies according to length of service. Periods of service w ere arbitrarily chosen. Estim ates reflect provisions applicable at the stated length of service but do not reflect provisions for progression. Thus, the proportion receiving 15 days' sick leave after 10 years of service may also receive this amount after greater o r l e s s e r lengths of service. * May include provisions other than those presented separately. Numbers of days shown under "F u ll pay plus partial pay" are days for which w orkers receive sick leave at full pay; orkers are entitled to additional days of sick leave at partial pay. forwFRASER Digitized Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety o f payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because o f this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bu reau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MA CHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set o f records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping m achine).U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 21 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING-Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal entries; and may direct cla ss B a c counting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge o f accounting and book keeping principles but is found in o ffice s in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A , In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter file s, cla ssifie s and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records o f various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B« Sorts, cod es, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly cla ssified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service file s. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance o f other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Class C. Performs routine filing o f material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ica l). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 23 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C lass A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under clo s e supervision or following sp e cific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follow s specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, e tc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and d is tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain file s, keep simple records, or perform other rela tively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. D oes not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge o f general busi ness and office procedures and o f the sp ecific business operations, organization, p olicies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup file s; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 24 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls. May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATO R-Continued Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single p osi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences o f long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group o f tabulating-machine operators. Class B# Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specia lized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make cop ies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerica l work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A. Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct Spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing o f com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B9 Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icie s, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 25 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN DRAFTSMAN-Continued Leader. Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Inter preting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; deter mining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and in specting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. Senior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cro ss-se ctio n s, e tc., to sca le by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of com plete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a spe cia lized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. Junior (assistant). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types o f drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who be come ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other estab lishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carry ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evalu ation o f plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, wel fare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 26 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any o f a variety o f electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay outs, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materialsor tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establish ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds, and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working 27 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties o f the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength o f materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or sp ecia lized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work o f the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually a c quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production o f a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssifica tion are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of. mechanical equipment o f an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consisten cy. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written sp ecification s; cutting various siz e s o f pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 28 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and siz e of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, sh elves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and lay ing out all types o f sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assem bling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; and selectin g appro priate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an o ffice building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. W'orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those o f starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine p olice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and ch eck on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. 29 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who sp ecia lize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp e cific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type o f container employed, and method o f shipment. Work requires the placing o f items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or mote o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. sible for incoming shipments o f merchandise or other materials. ping work involves: routes, Ship A knowledge o f shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up b ills o f lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work involves: May Receiving Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follows: R eceiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 30 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination Truckdriver, light (under Truckdriver, medium ( l l/2 Truckdriver, heavy (over Truckdriver, heavy (over o f s iz e s listed separately) l/ l2 tons) to and including 4 tons) 4 tons, trailer type) 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type o f truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Available On Request-----The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as BLS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963* 40 cents a copy. Occupational W age Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is available upon request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. ( , 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Area Bulletin number Akron, Ohio------------------------------------------------------Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N. Y ________________ Albuquerque, N. M e x __________________________ Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a.—N. J________ Atlanta, Ga_____________________________________ Baltimore, Md 1________________________________ Beaumont—Port Arthur, T e x ___________________ Birmingham, Ala______________________________ Boise, Idaho____ _______________________________ Boston, Mass 1__________________________________ 1345-81 1345-53 1345-63 1345-45 1345-71 1345-23 1345-67 1345-56 1345-74 1385-16 20 20 20 20 25 25 20 20 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Buffalo, N. Y 1__________________________________ Burlington, V t 1_______«.________________________ Canton, Ohio___________________________________ Charleston, W. V a _____________________________ Charlotte, N. C ___ _____________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn. —Ga________________________ Chicago, 1111___________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky____________________________ Cleveland, Ohio__________________ _____________ Columbus , Ohio 1_______________________________ 1345-30 1345-50 1345-64 1345-61 1345-58 1385-5 1345-65 1345-54 1385-11 1345-28 25 25 20 20 20 20 30 20 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Dallas, T ex ____________________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111______ Dayton, Ohio___________________________________ Denver, C olo__________________________________ Des Moines, Iowa____ ________-__—__-___ -_____ Detroit, M ich1__________________________________ Fort Worth, Tex_______________________________ Green Bay, W is------------------------------------------------Greenville, S. C ________________________________ Houston, T e x __________________________________ 1385-15 1385-12 1345-35 1345-32 1345-42 1345-47 1385-19 1385-4 1345-68 1345-82 25 20 20 25 20 25 20 20 20 25 Indianapolis, Ind_______________________________ Jackson, M iss__________________________________ Jacksonville, F la 1______________________________ Kansas City, Mo. —Kans________________________ Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N. H _____________ Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark____________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif1_______________ Louisville, Ky. —Ind 1___________________________ Lubbock, Tex__________________________________ Manchester, N. H ______________________________ Memphis, Tenn________________________________ 1345-26 1345-43 1345-39 1345-22 1345-77 1385-3 1345-62 1345-48 1345-72 1385-1 1345-36 25 20 25 25 20 20 30 25 20 20 25 Price Bulletin number Price Miami, F la_____________________________________ Milwaukee, W is1_______________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn1___________________ Muskegon—Muskegon Heights , Mich____________ Newark and Jersey City, N. J __________________ New Haven, Conn_______________________________ New Orleans, L a 1______________________________ New York, N. Y 1_______________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va 1_________________________________ Oklahoma City, Okla___________________________ 1345-33 1345-59 1345-38 1345-69 1345-46 1345-37 1345-44 1345-79 20 25 25 20 25 20 25 40 1345-75 1385-2 25 cents 20 cents Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa1___________________________ Pater son—Clifton—Passaic, N. J_________________ Philadelphia, P a.-N . J 1________________________ Phoenix, A r iz _______ Pittsburgh, P a 1 _______________________________ Portland, Maine1______________________________ Portland, Or eg. —Wash_________________________ Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—M ass1___________ Raleigh, N. C 1__________________________________ Richmond, V a 1_________________________________ 1385-14 1345-76 1345-31 1345-57 1345-40 1385-22 1345-7 3 1345-70 1385-7 1385-23 25 20 30 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Rockford, 111___________________________________ St. Louis, M o .-I l l_____________________________ Salt Lake City, Utah1___________________________ San Antonio, Tex1______________________________ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, Calif1_____ San Diego, C a lif______________________________ San Francisco—Oakland, Calif1_________________ Savannah, G a __________________________________ Scranton, Pa1__________________________________ Seattle, Wash1__________________________________ 1345-55 1385-21 1345-25 1345-78 1385-9 1385-13 1345-34 1345-60 1385-8 1385-10 20 25 25 25 25 20 25 20 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Sioux Falls, S. Dak1___________________________ 1385-20 South Bend, Ind________________________________ 1345-52 Spokane, Wash1________________________________ 1345-66 Toledo, Ohio1___________________________ _______ 1345-51 Trenton, N. J 1__________________________________ 1345-29 Washington, D .C .—Md.—V a____________________ 1385-17 Waterbury, Conn______________________________ 1345-49 Waterloo, Iowa_________________________________ 1385-18 Wichita, Kans __________________________________ 1385-6 Worcester, M ass______________________________ 1345-80 York, Pa----------------------------------------------------------- 1345-41 25 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents