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Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA JAN UARY 1 9 6 3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary B U R EA U O F LABO R S TA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY 1963 Bulletin No. 1345-40 May 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary BUREA U O F LABOR S TA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents P age The L a b o r M a rk et O cc u p a tio n a l W age S u rvey P r o g r a m E ig h ty -tw o la b o r m a rk e ts c u r r e n tly are in clu d ed in the B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s p r o g r a m o f annual o c c u p a tion a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m a jo r la b o r m a rk ets. T h ese stu d ies p r o v id e data on o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits . In form a tion on rela ted su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s is ob ta in ed b ie n n ia lly in m o s t of the la b o r m a rk e ts . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t w hich p r e s e n ts ea rn in g s tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l grou p s and a v era g e e a r n in gs in s e le c t e d jo b s is r e le a s e d w ithin a m onth a fte r the c o m p le t io n o f the study in ea ch a rea . T h is bu lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d ed in the p r e lim in a r y r e p o rt. In trodu ction __________________________________________________________________ W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p s __________________________ T a b le s : 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e of s u r v e y ____________ 2. P e r c e n t s of in c r e a s e in stan dard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly ea rn in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s , fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s ______________________ A; A t w o -p a r t s u m m a r y bu lletin is is su e d a fte r the c o m p le t io n o f a ll o f the a r e a bu lletin s fo r a round o f s u r v e y s (fo r the c u r r e n t rou n d of s u r v e y s, the fir s t p a rt of th is b u lle tin w ill be a v a ila b le late in 1963 and the se co n d p a rt e a r ly in 1964). The f ir s t pa rt p r e s e n ts in d iv id u al la b o r m a rk e t data. The se c o n d p a rt p r e s e n ts data re la tin g to a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s in the United States. T h is b u lle tin w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g ion a l o ffic e in New Y o rk , N .Y ., by A lvin G olu b, under the d ir e c t io n of H a ro ld A. B a rletta . The study w as under the g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f F r e d e r ic k W. M u e lle r, A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r f o r W a ges and In du stria l R e la tio n s . 1 4 B; 3 O ccu p a tion a l e a r n in g s ;* A - 1. O ffic e o c cu p a tio n s — en and w om en __________________ m A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s— en m and w om en ________________________________ A - 3. O ffic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s — m en and w om en co m b in e d _________________________________ A -4 . M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c cu p a tio n s _________________ A -5 . C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s ___________ 10 11 13 E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s ;* B - l . M inim um en tra n ce s a la r ie s f o r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s _ _ B -2 . Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ____________________________________________ B -3 . S ch eduled w e e k ly h ou rs _____________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o l i d a y s _________________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s ________________________________________________ B -6 . H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans ____________________ 15 16 17 18 19 21 A pp en dix; O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s _____________________________________ * N O TE ; m a jo r a r e a s . S im ila r ta bu la tion s a re a v a ila b le f o r oth er (See in sid e b a ck c o v e r .) C u rren t r e p o r t s on o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r a c t ic e s in the P ittsb u rg h a r e a a re a lso a v a ila b le fo r the m a c h in e r y in d u str ie s (A p r il 1962) and s t e e l fo u n d r ie s (N o v e m b e r 1962). Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s ; B uilding c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s ' and h e lp e r s . in 3 5 9 23 Occupational Wage Survey—Pittsburgh, Pa. Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 82 la b o r m a rk e ts in w hich the U .S . D e p a rtm en t o f L a b or*s B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cts su rv e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and re la te d w age ben efits on an a rea w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e re obtain ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p re s e n ta tiv e e sta b lish m en ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u str y d iv is io n s : M an ufacturin g; tra n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tion , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h olesa le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te; and s e r v ic e s . M a jor in d u stry grou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th e se stu d ies a r e g ov ern m en t o p e ra tio n s and the c o n str u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o rk e r s are om itted b e c a u s e they tend to fu rn is h in s u ffic ie n t em p loy m en t in the occu p a tion s stud ied to w a rra n t in c lu s io n . S ep arate tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d fo r ea ch o f the b r o a d in d u str y d iv is io n s w h ich m e e t pu b lica tion c r it e r ia . sch e d u le s (rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h alf hour) fo r w h ich stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e paid; a v e r a g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tion s have b een rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h alf d o lla r . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s in w hich both m en and w om en a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d a r e la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n o f the se x e s am ong in d u stries and e s ta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d , although the o ccu p a tio n s a re a p p r o p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sam e su rv ey jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u al s a la r ie s a re a d ju sted on this b a s is . L on ger a v e r a g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e su lt in h igh er a v e r a g e pay when both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ra n g e. Job d e s c r ip tion s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese su rv e y s a r e u su ally m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in div idu al e sta b lis h m e n ts to a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific du ties p e r fo r m e d . T h e se s u r v e y s a r e con d u cted on a sa m ple b a s is b e c a u s e of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rvey in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To ob ta in op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n of la r g e than o f s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts is studied. In com b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e given th eir a p p ro p ria te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a s e d on the e s ta b lis h m e n ts studied a r e p r e se n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e la tin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in du stry grou p in g and a re a , e x c e p t f o r th o se b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e studied. O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in all esta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the num ber a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B eca u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tio n a l stru ctu re a m on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts, the e stim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l em p loym en t o b tain ed fr o m , j sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts studied s e r v e only to in d i ca te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the ea rn in g s data. O ccu p a tio n s and E a rn in g s The o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u str ie s , and a r e o f the fo llo w in g ty p e s : (a) O ffic e c le r i c a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in ten a n ce and p ow erp la n t; and (d) cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m en t. O cc u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n is b a sed on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to take a ccou n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ith in the sa m e jo b . The o ccu p a tion s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e lis t e d and d e s c r ib e d in the appendix. E a rn in gs data fo r so m e o f the o c cu p a tio n s lis t e d and d e s c r ib e d a r e not p re se n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s b e c a u s e e ith e r (1) e m p loy m en t in the o ccu p a tio n is too sm a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p resen ta tion , or (2) th ere is p o s s i b ilit y o f d is c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l esta b lish m en t data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u pplem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d (in the B - s e r i e s ta b les) on s e le c te d esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b en efits as they re la te to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The c o n c e p t " o ffi c e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this b u lletin , in clu d e s w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la te d fu n ction s, and ex clu d es a d m in is tr a t iv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu din g le a d m e n and tr a in e e s ) en gaged in n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s. A d m in istra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c tion e m p lo y e e s who a re u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w o rk fo r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and ro u te m e n a r e e x clu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s , but in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in n onm an ufacturin g in d u s tr ie s . O cc u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and earn in g s data a r e show n fo r f u ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ire d to w ork a r e g u la r w eek ly sch ed u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u se s a r e e x clu d ed , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b on u ses and in ce n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in clu d ed . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a r e r e p o r te d , as fo r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w ork M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s (ta ble B - l ) r e la te on ly to the e s ta b lish m en ts v is it e d . T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f esta b lish m en ts w ith fo r m a l m in im u m en tra n ce s a la r y p o li c ie s . 1 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (ta ble B -2 ) a r e lim ite d to m an u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . This in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o lic y , 1 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f total plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m ent, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f w o r k e r s a c tu ally e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e sta b lish m en ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount ap plyin g to a m a jo r ity w as u sed o r , i f no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n ‘ 'o th e r " w as u se d . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich s o m e la te shift h ou rs a r e paid at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n tia l w as r e c o r d e d only i f it a p p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u r s. The sch ed u led h ou rs (ta b le B -3 ) o f a m a jo r it y o f the f i r s t shift w o r k e r s in an esta b lish m en t a r e tabu lated as ap plyin g to a ll o f the plant o r o f fic e w o rk e r s o f that e sta b lis h m e n t. P a id h olid a y s; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans (ta b le s B -4 through B -6 ) a r e tr e a te d s ta t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a r e a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o rk e r s are e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . Sums o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in ta b les B -2 th rough B -6 m a y not equ al totals b e ca u se o f roun din g. Data on paid h olid a ys (ta ble 'B -4 ) a r e lim ite d to data on h olid a ys gra n ted annually on a fo r m a l b a s is ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v id e d fo r in w ritten fo r m , o r (2) have been e sta b lis h e d by c u s to m . H o li days o r d in a r ily g ra n ted a re in clu d ed even though they m a y fa ll on a nonw orkday, even i f the w o rk e r is not g ra n ted an oth er day o ff. The fir s t p a rt o f the paid h olid a ys table p r e se n ts the n um ber o f w hole and h a lf h olid a ys a ctu a lly g ra n ted. The s e c o n d pa rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h olid a ys to show total h olid a y t im e . The su m m a ry o f v a ca tio n plans (ta ble B -5 ) is lim ite d to fo r m a l p o lic ie s , exclu d in g in fo r m a l a rra n g e m e n ts w h ereb y tim e o ff with pay is g ra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep arate e s tim a tes a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c tic e in com pu tin g v a ca tio n pa ym en ts, su ch as tim e pa ym en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in gs, o r fla t-s u m a m ou n ts. H ow ev er, in the tabu lation s o f v a ca tion pay, paym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e r te d to a tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le, a paym en t o f 2 p e r ce n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the equ ivalent o f 1 w e e k 's pay. Data a re p resen ted fo r a ll health, In su ra n ce , and p e n sio n plans (ta ble B -6 ) fo r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r , ex cep tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's co m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l se c u rity , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such plans in clu d e those u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n ce co m p a n y and th ose p ro v id e d through a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f cu r re n t op era tin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e fo r this p u r pose. Death ben efits a re in clu d e d as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n c e . S ick n ess and a ccid e n t in s u r a n ce is lim ite d to that type o f i n su ra n ce under w hich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a ym en ts a r e m a de d ir e c t ly to the in su re d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is du ring illn e s s o r a c cid en t d is a b ility . In form a tion is p r e s e n te d fo r a ll su ch plans to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n trib u te s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o rk and New J e r s e y , w hich have en acted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,2 plans a r e in clu d e d on ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1) c on trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e with b en efits w hich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f paid s ic k -le a v e plan s a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 3 w h ich p ro v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's pay d u rin g a b se n ce fr o m w ork b e ca u se o f illn e s s . S ep arate ta b u la tion s a r e p r e sen ted a c c o r d in g to (1) plans w hich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) plans w hich p r o v id e e ith e r p a r tia l pay o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In addition to the p r e se n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p ro v id e d s ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r paid s ic k le a v e , an u ndu plicated total is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both types o f b e n e fits. C a ta stroph e in su ra n ce , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to as ex ten ded m e d ic a l in su ra n ce , in clu d es th ose plans w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f sick n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s bey on d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. M e d ica l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans p r o v id in g fo r c o m p le t e o r p a rtia l paym ent o f d o c to r s ' fe e s . Such plans m a y be u n d e rw ritte n by c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n ies o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T abu lations o f r e tir e m e n t p e n sio n plans a r e lim ite d to th ose plans that p ro v id e m on th ly pa ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 The te m p o ra ry d is a b ility la w s in C a lifo r n ia and Rhode Islan d A n esta b lish m en t was c o n s id e r e d as having a p o lic y i f it m et not r e q u ire e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s . do eith er o f the fo llo w in g con d ition s: ( l ) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e 3 An esta b lish m en t w as c o n s id e r e d as h aving a fo r m a l plan i f of the su rv e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts. An it e sta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f da ys o f s ic k le a v e esta b lish m en t was c o n s id e r e d as having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s i f it ( l ) had that co u ld be e x p ected by ea ch e m p lo y e e . Such a plan n eed not be o p era ted late sh ifts during the 12 m onths p r io r to the su r v e y , or w ritten , but in fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d i (2) had p r o v is io n s in w ritten fo r m fo r op era tin g late sh ifts. v idu al b a s is , w ere ex clu d ed . 1 3 T a b le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s within s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m ber studied in P ittsb u rg h , P a ., 1 by m a jo r in d u s try d iv is io n , 2 January 1963 M inim um em ploym ent in e s t a b lis h m ents in s c o p e o f study In du stry d iv is io n A l l d iv is io n s ___________________________________________________ M an u factu rin g _________________________________________________ N on m an u factu rin g ________________________________________J____ T r a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and other p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __________________________________________ W h o le s a le tra d e ___________________________________________ R e ta il tra d e ________________________________________________ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ___________________ S e r v ic e s 7 ___________________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts N um ber o f e sta b lish m e n ts W ithin s c o p e o f study W ithin scop e of study 3 802 100 100 50 100 50 50 Studied Studied _ T otal 4 O ffic e Plant T o t a l4 208 3 6 4 ,7 0 0 5 5 ,3 0 0 2 4 7 ,2 0 0 2 2 2 ,3 7 0 324 478 76 132 2 3 2 ,2 0 0 132, 500 2 5 ,3 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 173, 400 73, 800 1 37 ,700 84, 670 53 140 71 84 130 25 31 26 23 27 4 0 ,8 0 0 16, 400 3 9 ,3 0 0 16, 800 19,2 0 0 6, 5, 3, 11, 800 100 800 000 ( 8) 23, 100 7, 200 3 1 ,3 0 0 6 1, 200 ( 8) 34, 420 5, 220 2 6 ,9 3 0 10, 280 7, 820 1 The P itts b u r g h Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f A lle g h e n y , B e a v e r , W ashington, and W e s tm o r e la n d C o u n tie s. The " w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f stu dy" e s tim a te s shown in this table p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d e d in the s u rv e y . The e s tim a te s a r e not intended, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith oth er em p lo y m e n t in d e x e s fo r the a r e a to m e a s u re e m p lo y m e n t tren ds o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data co m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad va n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu died, and (2) s m a ll esta b lish m en ts a r e ex clu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the Standard In du strial C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u sed in c la s s ify in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u s try d iv is io n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total e m p loym en t at or a b ove the m in im u m lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n p ic tu re th e a te r s a re c o n s id e r e d as 1 establish m en t. 4 In clu d es e x e c u tiv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and other w o r k e r s exclu ded fr o m the se p a ra te o f fic e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w ater tra n sp o rta tio n w e re ex clu d e d . 6 E s tim a te r e la te s to r e a l e sta te e sta b lish m e n ts only. W o r k e r s fr o m the e n tire in d u stry d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n te d in the S e r ie s A t a b le s , but fr o m the r e a l estate p o r tio n only in " a ll in d u s tr y " e s t im a t e s in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . 7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u tom obile r e p a ir sh op s; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and e n g in eerin g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 8 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , and f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . Sepa ra te p r e s e n ta tion of data f o r this d iv is io n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo ym e n t in the d iv is io n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it se p a ra te study, (2) the sam ple w as not d e s ig n e d in it ia lly to p e r m it se p a ra te p re se n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequ ate to p e r m it se p a ra te p re s e n ta tio n , and (4) th ere is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual esta b lis h m e n t data. T able 2. P e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e in standard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s in P ittsb u rg h , P a ., fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s Industry and o cc u p a tio n a l grou p January 1962 to January 1963 January 1961 to January 1962 D e c e m b e r 1959 to January 1961 A ll in d u s trie s : O ffic e c le r i c a l (m en and w om en ) __________ In du strial n u rse s (m en and w om en ) _______ S killed m aintenance (m en) --------------------------U n skilled plant (m en) _______________________ 1.4 2.4 .7 2.3 2.9 3.4 2.9 3.3 4.4 2.5 4.2 3.1 M anufacturing: O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m en and w om en ) __________ In du strial n u rse s (m en and w om en ) _______ S killed m aintenance (m en ) _________________ U nskilled plant (m en) _______________________ 1.8 2.4 .5 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.0 3.6 5.6 2.0 3.8 4.0 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n t e d in table 2 a r e p e r c e n t a g e s of change in a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e earn in g s o f s e l e c t e d plant w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the p e r centages of change relate to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h ou r s of w o r k , that is , the standard w o r k sc h ed u le f o r w hich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s are paid. F o r plant w o r k e r g r o u p s , they m e a s u r e changes in a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly ea r n in g s , e x clu d in g p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w eek en ds , h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. The p e r c e n t a g e s a r e ba sed on data f o r s e l e c t e d k ey oc c u p a t io n s and i n clude m o s t of the n u m e r i c a l l y im p orta n t j o b s within e a c h g rou p. The o f f i c e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on m e n and w o m e n in the f o llo w in g 19 j o b s : B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B; c l e r k s , a c c ou n tin g , c la s s A and B; c l e r k s , file , c la s s A, B, and C; c l e r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o l l ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; keypunch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A and B; o f f ic e b oy s and g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r i e s ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r ; s w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ; ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B; and ty p is ts , c l a s s A and B. The in d u str ia l n u r se data are b a s e d on m en and w o m e n in d u str ia l n u r s e s . Men in the f o llo w in g 8 sk illed m ain ten an ce jo b s and 2 u n s k illed jo b s a r e in clu ded in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e l e c t r i c i a n s ; m a c h in is t s ; m e c h a n i c s ; m e c h a n i c s , a u tom otiv e; p a in t e r s ; p i p e fi t t e r s ; and tool and die m a k e r s ; u n sk illed— ja n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; and l a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling. A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s or a v e r a g e h o u r ly earn in g s w e r e c om pu ted f o r e a c h of the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . The a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s or h o u r ly ea r n in g s w e r e then m u lt ip lie d by e m p lo y m e n t in each of the jo b s during the p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 1961. T h e s e w eig hted earn ings f o r individual occu p ation s w e r e then to t a le d to obtain an a g g r e g a te f o r ea c h occu pation al group. F in a lly , the r a tio ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r centage) of the grou p a g g reg a te f o r the one y e a r to the a g g r e g a te f o r the oth e r y e a r was com pu ted and the d i f f e r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p e r ce n ta g e of change f r o m the on e p e r i o d to the oth er. The p e r c e n t a g e s of change m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e f f e c t s of (1) g en er a l s a la r y and wage c h a n g e s; (2) m e r i t or other i n c r e a s e s in pay r e c e i v e d b y individual w o r k e r s w hile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) changes in av er a g e w ag es due to ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e r e sulting f r o m la bor tu rn ov er, f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c ti o n s , and changes in the p r o p o r t io n s of w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by e s t a b lis h m e n t s with differen t pay le v e ls . Changes in the la b o r f o r c e can c au se i n c r e a s e s or d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s without actu al w age changes. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n of lo w er paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t io n and lo w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a reduction in the p r o p o r t i o n of lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ould have the opposite e ffect. Sim ilarly, the m o v e m e n t of a h ig h -p a y in g e stab lis h m en t out of an a r e a c o u ld cau se the a v e r a g e e arn in g s to drop, even though no change in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in other estab lis h m en ts in the area. The use of constant e m p lo y m e n t w eig h ts e lim in a t e s the e f f e c t of changes in the p r o p o r t io n of w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea c h j o b in clu ded in the data. The p e r c e n t a g e s of change a r e not in flu en c ed by changes in standard w o r k s c h e d u le s or in p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r tim e, sin c e they are b a se d on pa y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h ou r s. Wage in d ex es f o r s e l e c t e d g rou ps of w o r k e r s b a s e d on data f r o m the la b o r m a r k e t s u r v e y s w e r e com p u ted f o r 20 a r e a s between 1953 and I960. In 1961, the la b o r m a r k e t oc cu p a t io n a l w age p r o g r a m w as expanded to in clu de 80 Standard M e t r o p o lit a n S ta tistic a l A r e a s w hich w ill be su r v e y e d annually. Th is e x p a n sio n m a de data a v a ilab le f o r the com pu ta tion of wage in dexes f o r s e l e c t e d j o b g rou p in g s in ea c h of the 80 a r e a s . The above text r e p r e s e n t s the m e t h o d u sed in c om pu tin g these new w age change in dex es. The new s e r i e s w as initiated la st y ea r and the data a r e not c o m p a r a b le with tren ds published p r i o r to that tim e. The new s e r i e s c o v e r s the sa m e jo b g roupin gs as the e a r l i e r s e r i e s with the f o llo w in g e x c e p t io n s : The c l e r i c a l and in d u stria l n urse g rou ps, f o r m e r l y r e s t r i c t e d to w o m e n , now in clude both m e n and w om en . Changes w e r e a l s o m a d e in the j o b s in clu d ed within j o b g rou p in gs in o r d e r that an iden tica l list c ou ld be e m p lo y e d in all a r e a s . 5 A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry d ivision , Pittsburgh, P a,, January 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STIIAIGHT-TIM E WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage S ex, o c c u p a tio n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) t S S t Weekly 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 earnings * and (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 t S S $ S S S * s i $ s t s S t l $ s % 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 500 10000 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000 13500 14000 14500 15000 15500 and 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 4 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 5 5 0 0 over M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 W h o le s a le tra d e F in a n c e 3 . _ _ 753 498 255 $ 1 2 1 .5 0 1 2 8 .0 0 _ _ _ _ 4 0 .0 - - - - - - 8 - 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 2 6 .0 0 1 0 5 .5 0 - - - - - - 8 _ - - - - 1 1 4 3 1 _ 7 5 2 3 9 .5 _ _ 20 8 12 - 21 5 8 9 3 3 6 9 10 21 12 8 13 2 5 7 25 6 20 7 13 16 16 - 21 11 13 8 - __________________________ __________________________ 59 89 67 3 7 .0 9 7 .0 0 - C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 __________________________ 458 258 200 121 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 1 0 5 .5 0 1 0 7 .5 0 1 0 2 .5 0 1 1 4 .5 0 _ - - - - “ 14 6 8 2 - 19 2 C le r k s , 219 156 63 62 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 3 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 . _ _ _ - - 6 - 14 - 4 4 4 - 2 - - 4 0 .0 9 7 .0 0 - - - - 2 - 10 4 9 7 .0 0 - - - - 2 - 6 6 4 4 0 .0 4 346 4 0 .0 . _ _ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ P u b lic n ti liti pq ^ 279 67 4 0 .0 1 1 4 .5 0 1 1 6 .5 0 - - - 3 - 1 0 7 .5 0 1 2 4 .5 0 - 1 - 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 2 - 1 3 4 4 - O f f i c e b o y s ___________________________________________ M a n n fa r h ii* in g N n n m a n n fa r h i r in g "P iiH lin 11H l-iti ^ 336 113 223 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 6 3 .5 0 5 9 3 fi 40 53 7 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 6 0 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 40 3 7 .5 5 5 .0 0 23 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 1 1 7 .0 0 . 1 2 0 .5 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 1 6 .5 0 - 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 1 0 1 .0 0 1 0 9 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 1 0 5 50 - ord er .... M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ W h o le s a le tra d e C le r k s , p a y r o ll __________________________ . __ _ _ F in a r ir e 3 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ TPnH lir1 u t i l i f i p o ^ T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 F in a n r e 3 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ . 27 46 86 209 147 62 30 280 ----- I T 4 ~ 136 45 64 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 - - 15 7 49 15 42 24 43 6 46 8 34 9 37 4 15 4 16 18 6 6 9 6 3 1 20 - - - - - 34 12 - 26 - 8 16 17 7 71 22 21 7 39 10 10 _ 49 1 15 17 14 2 11 1 29 16 11 2 39 13 26 12 63 45 18 18 60 42 14 41 29 12 W h o le s a le tra d e __________________________ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le, 101 87 83 73 77 67 32 27 28 23 27 23 35 30 22 14 1 10 2 1 2 10 10 _ 5 1 2 5 1 2 4 2 1 5 4 _ - - 2 - - 7 6 1 _ _ . _ - - - - - “ - 3 3 - 6 6 - 4 4 4 - 4 - - - - 5 5 - 7 l 7 5 2 2 4 5 3 15 7 - 1 37 27 10 41 31 10 10 57 19 38 38 13 8 5 4 29 29 - 18 9 42 42 - 13 11 2 3 3 - - 9 - 2 - 47 47 - 43 40 21 12 15 3 3 6 2 10 2 2 17 13 4 4 16 1 “ - 10 4 2 - 8 - 12 2 12 6 19 14 2 2 8 5 8 10 10 6 4 5 5 11 5 17 12 16 10 9 3 24 22 27 15 48 41 6 5 6 6 2 39 35 4 2 12 7 7 7 23 13 10 8 22 14 13 11 2 15 14 1 1 18 18 9 5 5 10 24 20 4 16 15 1 2 - 11 9 9 11 14 9 8 - - 1 _ 3 _ 4 _ 1 - 3 4 20 6 14 4 4 - 15 - 9 - 13 4 18 2 4 4 15 9 9 4 8 3 .0 0 4 - 4 15 9 4 16 4 4 14 11 2 19 7 12 5 7 _ 11 _ 111 3 9 .0 8 2 .5 0 . 51 60 4 0 .0 9 3 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 13 - 10 _ 3 8 .0 - 1 2 3 13 10 13 1 127 3 9 .5 7 6 .0 0 . . 5 5 32 21 10 5 90 51 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 7 3 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 - - - 5 4 32 24 16 8 10 7 5 2 9 5 _ 15 1 9 4 1 3 2 1 l 6 1 10 3 7 7 9 2 7 9 3 6 3 64 20 58 6 1 8 12 6 30 12 30 20 77 17 2 18 3 7 10 4 7 4 3 1 1 _ 19 11 6 5 1 5 1 9 5 59 18 14 3 15 14 24 24 _ 1 - " - 1 1 _ 5 _ W om en B il le r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) ______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ 79 57 2 - 19 7 5 8 8 5 5 - 17 8 7 1 1 _ _ 3 3 - 5 5 - 1 1 - 11 11 _ _ - - - - 2 2 - _ _ _ - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P it t s b u r g h , P a ., J a n u a ry 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Weekly earnings * (Standard) 40.00 45.00 *50.00 *55.00 f>0.00 *65.1', *70.00 *75.00 80.00 *85.00 *90.00 *95.00 *00.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130l *35.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 00 and under 45.00 W om en— Continued B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) _______________ _____________ Nonmanufacturing _ ______________ _ R etail trade -------------------------- ------ 176 145 113 40.0 40.0 40.0 Bookkeeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs, c la s s A ___ ___________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ 125 76 39.0 39.5 783 165 66.00 $68.50 6 67.50 — 64.50 6 12 12 12 13 7 3 10 14 7 7 8 70 70 4 66 79.00 70.50 - - 19 19 - 23 23 5 5 67.50 74.50 - 8 59 5 54 44 90 25 65 211 160 8 2 2 2 16 55 159 _ - 2 7 7 5 4 4 - 23 23 23 23 3 7 102 57 15 42 149 57 92 Bookkeeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs, c la s s B _ ____ __ __ __ — ------- _ M anufacturing ________ ___________ _ N onm anufacturing _ ____ ________ _ W holesale trade ___ _____________ F in a n ce 3 __________ _____________ 72 456 38.0 39.5 37.5 38.0 37.0 C lerks, accounting, c la s s A ___________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ W holesale trade __________________ Retail trade _ ____ _____________ 316 113 203 57 73 39.0 40.0 38.5 38.5 39.0 94.50 110.50 85.50 C lerks, accounting, cla s s B ___________ M anufacturing _____________________ _ N onm anufacturing _ ____ __________ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 __ ________ ___ W holesale trade ________ ____ _ R etail trade _ „ ________ _______ F in a n ce 3 _________________ _______ 1,082 408 674 48 131 276 128 39.5 39.5 39.0 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.0 77.50 87.50 71.00 98.50 80.50 69.00 61.50 C lerks, file , cla ss A __________ ____ _ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing _ __ _____________ 140 75 65 39.0 40.0 38.5 84.50 89.50 79.00 C lerks, file, cla ss B _______ __________ M anufacturing ____ ______________ _ Nonmanufacturing ___ __ ________ _ W holesale trade ________ __ ____ 457 123 334 53 168 39.0 40.0 38.5 40.0 37.5 61.00 67.50 60.50 C lerks, file, cla s s C ___________________ N onm anufacturing _ ___________ ____ 264 214 39.5 39.5 59.50 57.00 C lerks, ord er __________________________ M anufacturing „ ____ ____ ____ _ N onm anufacturing ___________________ Retail trade ______________________ 354 135 219 133 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 79.50 90.50 72.50 68.50 C lerks, payroll _________________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------Nonm anufacturing ___________________ Pu blic u t ilit ie s 2 _________________ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade ___ ___________ __ _ 6 01 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 85.00 90.50 78.50 97.50 S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le. 618 319 282 38 54 101 72.00 65.00 8 6 .0 0 87.00 65.50 77.00 _ - _ _ - - 2 3 99 28 49 _ _ _ “ - - 5 5 _ 33 33 29 29 _ - 6 6 90.00 _ 77.00 6 15 196 20 140 14 99 6 7 _ - 10 7 - 1 1 - 11 9 4 20 60 31 29 4 24 65 33 32 30 8 12 6 9 9 9 23 14 2 21 6 10 1 8 13 3 48 27 4 61 26 35 100 12 12 12 14 14 14 2 71 9 62 14 44 t 2 2 167 15 152 4 5 27 19 31 14 104 29 77 28 49 7 30 7 17 17 6 68 44 8 12 2 5 23 1 29 56 2 2 1 10 5 - 53 38 15 3 31 26 5 42 33 9 54 48 26 12 12 6 6 2 6 6 2 25 18 7 3 3 4 7 5 - 2 8 5 - 19 14 5 12 8 5 3 5 3 _ _ 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 1 2 - - — 5~ - - - - - - 31 31 “ 1 1 1 10 4 - 9 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 20 21 12 13 27 9 18 27 19 19 14 6 10 8 6 4 3 12 2 2 4 9 7 26 6 12 5 7 - 5 5 - 14 4 41 18 23 9 33 8 12 2 2 7 - - - - - - - - 12 2 10 24 19 5 13 11 11 2 2 - - 9 9 - _ - _ - _ - - - - " - - - - 5 3 7 3 4 1 _ - - 1 1 . - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - - _ - _ - 6 _ _ 3 _ _ - - - - 6 6 2 11 2 4 26 32 31 23 12 6 8 2 6 6 7 7 4 3 “ 4 4 - 127 14 113 108 30 5 25 11 1 56 14 42 - 34 34 - 8 34 16 18 _ 34 9 25 - 96 51 45 4 21 10 11 46 28 18 66 8 1 2 12 8 - 11 16 17 6 5 8 9 10 67 49 - 11 17 4 9 9 - 34 - 21 19 14 5 34 34 2 25 18 7 5 1 8 35 35 - 50 4 46 13 15 9 26 26 8 2 1 - 10 10 25 23 3 8 1 6 23 15 5 - 9 6 56 15 41 4 2 11 10 1 3 1 7 92 4 2 12 1 11 11 60 60 4 42 23 45 - 15 33 67 4 33 19 18 88 10 6 6 89 42 47 4 26 5 - 5 5 12 6 2 2 21 8 3 14 5 - 1 2 2 - 1 - - 2 1 2 1 - 1 7 3 6 2 2 12 29 20 9 2 2 35 31 9 4 26 18 8 2 5 11 3 3 8 25 7 5 49 42 7 1 1 5 13 7 3 4 9 7 1 1 12 1 1 - 19 19 - 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en-----Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P itts b u r g h , P a ., J a n u a ry 1963) A verage Sex, occupation, and industry div isio n N ber um NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— S S Weekly W eekly ^ 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 10 . 0 0 *65.00 *70.00 75.00 80.00 *85.00 * 0 . 0 0 *95.00 io a o o 105.00 i iaoo *15.00 * 2 aoo *25.00 * 3 aoo 135.00 ?4aoo 145.00 150.00 isaoo 9 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 45.00 50.00 55.00 6 0 . 0 0 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 ioaoo io a o o n a o o n a o o i 2 aoo 125l i 3 aoo 135l i4aoo 145.00 isaoo 155.00 over 00 00 W om en— Continued C om ptom eter o p e ra to rs ________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade 381 93 288 73 162 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 $78.00 86.50 75.00 73.50 75.00 6 6 3 3 3 D u plicatin g-m a ch in e op era to rs (M im eograph or Ditto) ________________ M anufacturing ________________________ 70 61 40.0 40.0 72.50 74.00 - " 342 165 177 94 39.5 40.0 38.5 3Q 0 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s B __________ M anufacturing __ _ Nonmannfa rtnring Pnblir nH liti pc ^ 'W i nl e* sa 1 traHp 'V Fir>a nr p ^ 745 32 2 423 79 151 136 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.0 39.5 38.5 74.00 84.00 66.50 76.00 62.50 63.50 O ffice g ir ls Mann fa r tn ri ng Nonm anufacturing 242 113 129 39.5 40.0 39.0 61.50 67.00 57.00 S e c r e ta r ie s M anufacturing __ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P ublic u t ilit ie s 2 __________________ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade _______________________ Finance 3 __________________________ 3, 085 1, 558 1, 527 247 345 109 524 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.5 39.0 40.5 37.5 99.00 106.00 S tenograp hers, gen era l ________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ "PiiKl-ir u tilities ^ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade _______________________ Finarir^ ^ 2, 507 1, 355 1, 152 312 215 83 350 39.0 40.0 38.5 39.0 39! o 39.0 37.0 S tenograp hers, sen ior __________________ M anufacturing _ Nonm anufacturing Public u tilities 2 __________________ W holesale trade __________________ 644 329 315 39.5 40.0 39.5 38.5 40.0 91.0 0 91.50 90.00 97.50 94.50 - - Sw itchboard op era tors _______________ ___ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ FnVilir Retail traHp Finanrp^ 512 139 373 77 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 40.0 37.0 78.00 4 4 3 3 4 3 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A __________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ S ee fo ,tn o te s at end o f ta b le . 88 112 66 81 86.50 6 - 15 15 3 10 1 - 16 16 2 2 39 11 28 14 3 107.00 92.50 82.00 89.0 0 8 11 22 21 12 8 15 3 11 8 12 3 . - 1 2 3 3 - 2 3 3 _ - - - - 2 5 3 8 1 - 2 3 - 2 3 - - - - 80 55 25 16 3 _ no 78 32 17 34 26 12 11 10 1 1 5 8 10 1 6 4 _ _ - 30 17 13 9 32 11 21 3 25 12 21 5 5 3 3 5 5 4 4 - 7 7 23 28 14 14 31 26 5 4 41 18 23 13 30 23 7 4 68 50 18 32 16 10 6 3 3 62 50 24 111 20 107 4 3 3 1 1 4 3 3 3 12 10 2 1 1 2 9 9 8 8 4 248 60 188 23 44 352 151 276 169 107 19 36 328 239 89 23 180 104 76 13 247 213 34 163 125 38 11 16 - 3 4 4 2 2 2 _ _ 15 27 16 2 8 - 15 27 L Q 14 2 15 4 - 16 16 57 7 50 65 25 40 85 9 76 16 48 24 24 33 17 2 20 12 77 7 70 13 2 132 36 96 7 50 37 12 22 4 61 30 31 15 3 27 14 6 9 66 25 7 30 36 20 — r 1 2 1 1 2 223 65 158 238 72 166 6 8 39 9 61 59 25 62 295 105 190 46 54 9 67 276 109 167 38 39 27 60 198 114 84 31 24 198 131 67 42 5 1 2 11 42 15 27 16 74 27 47 5 80 55 25 116 54 10 10 - 18 14 52 17 35 44 19 25 5 58 33 25 8 14 30 5 25 36 51 30 36 21 17 22 - _ - - - 17 _ _ - 32 _ _ 7 89 33 56 230 83 147 60 9 51 _ 5 17 12 4 36 23 79 _ 8 304 106 198 35 42 6 6 20 25 70 57 3 3 21 10 11 1 1 - - 7 5 1 1 2 - - 5 5 26 1 - 6 1 2 _ - 2 9 48 2 5 102 7 46 _ - - 22 5 23 4 19 10 _ 111 12 99 9 19 9 49 12 - - 2 48 9 39 110 26 3 107 49 7 42 12 1 4 5 29 24 12 10 1 14 12 1 4 8 - 9 0.0 0 64.00 73!50 9 7 - - 88.00 17 13 _ _ 82.00 74.00 43 10 - 89.0 0 73.50 85.00 73.00 73.00 70.00 23 2 47 14 33 16 9 92.0 0 49 2 2 9 1.0 0 82.00 71 71 14 55 2 26 50 18 17 6 2 21 58 62 201 21 54 14 57 295 149 146 31 37 8 8 3 9 9 _ _ - _ - - - 5 3 _ _ 8 2 2 5 10 1 9 2 6 2 13 2 2 46 32 40 37 7 2 6 223 190 33 30 127 99 28 27 18 52 51 37 36 8 8 6 6 _ - - 1 _ _ - 3 3 - - 1 - - - 9 177 133 44 34 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - 158 127 31 13 65 37 28 7 47 26 21 12 14 5 10 31 5 26 24 37 7 30 25 8 2 3 10 8 8 - _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ 41 37 4 4 " 89 25 64 13 51 22 21 15 13 7 1 16 - - - - - - - 6 6 - - - - - 5 1 1 - 5 6 6 - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 35 29 6 6 2 2 2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ - _ - _ - x 6 2 - 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women-----Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a ., January 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage N Sex, o c c u p a t io n , of an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n b S $ 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 and (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 i Weekly Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) $ s S S $ 8 s s S S s $ s $ S s S S s s 5 0 . 0 0 * 5 5 .0 0 6 0 . 0 0 * 6 5 .0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 0 0 and 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 12 12 25 39 17 22 51 20 31 28 10 54 15 18 6 28 16 30 10 20 13 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 0 0 1.50,0.0 1 g & flfl o v e r W o m e n — C o n t in u e d 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 $ 7 6 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 7 6 .5 0 2 6 5 178 97 2 1 --------------- 52 4 0 .0 1 0 7 .0 0 - - - - - - - c la s s B _____________________________________________ M an n farh irin g _ _ _ 163 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 9 1 .0 0 9 7 .0 0 8 5 .5 0 - - - _ - 2 4 21 3 9 .5 2 4 15 7 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s -------- 349 I'll N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e c la s s A _ ----------------- - 19 6 5 ------------------------ 79 84 _ C __ - 53 3 8 .5 7 2 .0 0 - ---------------------------------------------- - 270 57 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 7 2 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 . 613 243 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 7 9 .5 0 8 4 .6 6 370 3 9 .0 71 101 157 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 7 7 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 1 ,3 5 9 522 837 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 ______ ___________ T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e general _ --------- . . 1 . „ . 1 - - - 1 - - - - 6 3 1 2 - 1 - - - - 21 14 7 2 6 4 2 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - 2 1 1 3 10 1 1 11 11 - 1 1 - . 2 _ - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 10 1 9 28 17 11 4 2 - 4 - 5 4 24 10 10 30 6 24 18 12 6 22 14 8 8 3 5 14 11 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 1 9 5 - _ 2 1 . 2 op e ra to rs, 213 112 c la s s 1 4 4 17 7 3 30 9 op era tors, S T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e 24 21 21 26 op era tors, ---------------------- T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e ---------- ___________ _ _ _ _ T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ----------- ----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________ _____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________ _ " Pn hl i r n f i l it*i p c ^ W h o le s a le tr a d e R etail tra d e TTinanrp ^ - 12 2 4 4 5 8 o p era to rs, T y p i s t s , c l a s s A _________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g . . . . . . ______ _______ _____ ____ _ N n n m a rm fa r t n r in g W h o le s a le tr a d e - _________________________ 38 249 119 278 3 7 .5 ' 6 8 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 71 g 14 10 18 -------3 — 63 32 28 7 1 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 19 3 - 30 - 47 - 51 3 3 30 47 3 46 1 12 - 2 36 — T~ 52 8 44 - 3 24 29 37 10 24 1 _ 132 - 185 34 258 84 174 16 187 64 123 K 1 100 23 77 _ _ 23 63 10 34 17 1 57 9 71 _ 132 151 29 17 70 17 1 27 3 1 9 19 16 3 12 2 24 44 13 31 9 16 g 10 1 12 26 5 3 10 1 68 34 84 69 36 ll 3 47 36 19 16 3 2 11 4 104 23 26 7 7 78 38 36 9 14 4 34 4 12 12 127 51 76 7 41 42 41 23 13 13 36 34 5 9 17 4 19 4 8 4 87 54 79 56 23 5 35 28 7 2 28 28 - 4 . 33 1 8 8 g 4 _ 1 1 1 _ 101 25 69 32 19 6 2 31 1 4 _ - _ 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees re c e iv e their regular straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings corresp on d to these w eekly hours. Tran sportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. - 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and W omen (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Pittsburgh, Pa. , January 1963) Average Sex, occupation, and industry div isio n of (Standard) Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) 401 371 40. 0 40. 0 $170.00 171.00 1,439 40.0 40. 0 39. 5 39. 0 141.50 143.50 131.50 127.50 _ - - 2 2 227 54 - - - - - 654 501 153 44 40. 40. 39. 39. workers D raftsm en, lead er — M anufacturing ___ D raftsm en, sen ior — M anufacturing ___ Nonmanufacturing Public u tilities ' D raftsm en, junior M anufacturing ___ Nonm anufacturing P ublic u tilities ‘ T racers ------------------- N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) . M anufacturing ------------------------ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF g s 3 3 s 3 3 3 3 $ $ s 8 s $ 3 3 3 3 3 3 s 3 3 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 9500 1 00 0 0 10500 1 1 0 0 0 11500 1 2 0 0 0 12500 13000 13500 14000 14500 15000 15500 160.00 16500 170.00 180.00 190.00 200.00 and and under 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 0 0 10500 110.00 11500 1 2 0 0 0 12500 130.00 13500 140.00 14500 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 200.00 o v e r 3 1,2 1 2 Weekly^ 45 45 0 0 5 109 . 0 0 1 1 1 .50 11 11 101.00 _ 0 109.00 55 40. 0 78. 00 305 272 40. 0 40. 0 107.00 107.50 2 2 2 8 11 39 15 24 30 13 17 62 56 - 3 1 6 4 72 61 101 66 44 37 7 - 3 42 38 4 25 35 9 26 10 10 _ 19 22 6 16 58 40 18 1 - 2 11 2 8 2 8 9 4 3 9 9 41 40 32 26 6 5 23 1 22 93 64 29 5 127 114 13 22 3 115 107 3 131 118 13 3 56 38 18 7 85 75 10 8 4 60 50 2 10 2 44 31 13 3 55 48 7 5 25 8 17 13 65 60 33 32 28 25 50 48 5 4 4 23 19 44 44 4 4 25 23 60 53 54 50 82 82 17 17 74 56 18 130 105 25 82 76 116 114 74 72 16 16 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 1 - " 6 1 - 1 170 147 23 9 - - - 31 29 11 11 26 25 6 6 1 1 3 3 - - 2 2 - - 2 - 1 2 15 _ 6 26 4 _ - 19 11 9 22 2 2 5 4 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees r e ce iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings co rre sp o n d to these weekly hours, Tran sportation, com m u nication, and other public utilities. 10 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , P it t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a ry 1963) O ccupation and industry d ivision wedkiy' earnings (Standard) O ccupation and industry d ivision 138 $78 .00 77. 00 68. 50 Com ptom eter op erators ------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------- w r 51 180 149 113 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs , cla ss A M anufacturing _________________________ 125 76 68. 74. 66. 72. 65. M anufacturing __________________________________ 00 N onmanuf ac turing _______________________________ 50 ' 00 00 00 Keypunch o p e ra to rs , c la s s B ______________________ 795 165 63Q 72 463 C lerk s, accounting, cla ss A _____________ M anufacturing _________________________ Nonm anufacturing _____________________ Pu blic utilities 3 ____________________ W holesale trade ____________________ R etail trade ________________________ F in a n ce 2 ___________________________ 1,069 611 458 67 146 79 97 113.50 125. 00 98. 50 123.00 98. 00 89. 50 90. 00 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Pu blic utilities 3 ____________________ W holesale trade ____________________ Retail trade ________________________ F in a n ce 2 ___________________________ 1, 540 -----874 169 175 286 141 85. 50 95. 50 78. 50 163 84 79 87. 50 9 1 . 00 83. 50 C lerk s, file , cla s s B _____________________ M anufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------W holesale trade ____________________ F in a n ce 2 ___________________________ 481 135 346 53 6 6 . 00 168 78. 61. 67. 60. C lerk s, file , c la s s C _____________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 27 6 Z18 60. 0 0 57 . 00 72. 00 76'. 50 87. 00 9lV0'0~ 83. 50 87. 50 — 110.00 C lerk s, file , cla ss A _____________________ M anufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ $78 .50 86. 50 75. 00 73. 50 75. 00 101 75 R etail trade ___________________________________ 68. 50 67.00 " 64. 50 D uplicating-m ach ine op erators (M im eograph or Ditto) --------------------------------- ------79. 00 70. 50 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e r a to r s , cla ss B M anufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade ____________________ F in a n ce 1 _____________ ______________ 2 C lerk s, ord er ____________________________ M anufacturing _________________________ Nonm anufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade ____________________ Retail trade ________________________ 573 291 282 133 134 C lerk s, p ayroll __________________________ M anufacturing _________________________ N onm anufacturing — ___________________ Pu blic utilities 3 _________ ___________ W holesale trade ____________________ R etail trade ________________________ 947 598 349 65 1 68 101 82. 50 69. 50 62. 50 92. 106. 78. 88. 68. 00 50 50 50 00 00 00 50 50 11H#» ^ =s AATliolc s eil g t r a d e __—--------- —_—------------------- -----F inane e ------------------- ---------------------------------- -— _ ____ ___ _______ N onmanuf ac tur ing _____ ____ — ----------------------------— P u blic utilities _______________________________________■ — W holesale trade ------------------------------------- ----------- -—---------R etail trade - __ _ _— __ — ------------ — — ------ -----------— F inane e — — --------- .-----------------— ---------- - - - - - - Stenographers, general _______________ _______________________ M anufacturing __________________________________ _______ Nonmanufacturing _ _____________________ Public utilities _.—— ----------- --------------------------------------■ — W holesale t r a d e ___— ------- ----------------- —.—— .— — R etail trade _______ _____________________ Finance ____________________________________________________ Stenographers, sen ior _________________________________________ M anufacturing _________________________________________________ Nnnmanufarturing _ _ _____ ___________________ W holesale t r a d e __— ________________ — — — ----------—* — Sw itchboard o p erators ____ _____________________ 9 6 . 00 Mann factor ing _ _______ _______ ' 102.50 ' ]\ n 'p 'iY )a m ]fa rtnTing | __ 84. 50 p )V -i n TjtilitiPQ ^ -i-| l 108. 50 R e t a il t r a d e _ _ ________ ____ ___ 91. 50 Finance ^ - ____ -_______ - ______ _____________ ____________— — 77. 00 Earnings rela te to regular straigh t-tim e w eekly s a la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork w eeks. Finan ce, insurance, and real estate. T ran sp ortation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 187 104 780 357 423 79 151 136 578 O ffice boys and girls ________________________________ M anufacturing __________________________________ ------2 2 6 352 Nonm anufacturing ____________________________ -— 70 Pu blic utilities 3 ___________________________ -— 127 F in a n ce 2 _____________ _______ ____________ S e cre ta rie s O ccupation and industry d iv ision Number of earnings 1 (Standard) O ffice occu pation s— Continued 402 112 290 73 162 380 — B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------R etail trade ________________________ 2 3 earnings * (Standard) O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) ______ Nonm anufacturing -------------------------------W holesale trade ____________________ N ber um of w orkers Num ber of w orkers 3,114 1,575 1,539 253 345 109 524 2,518 1,359 1,159 319 215 83 350 349 171 178 97 Tahnlating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A __ _ ___ M anufacturing ______ ___________________ _______ Nonmanufacturing __________________________Public u t ilit ie s 3 ___ ________ 115. 00 261 193 ^ 117.50 108. 50 68 32 116.50 T abulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing _____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________________________ Public u t ilit ie s 3 ------------------------------ — ---- — F in a n ce 2 _______________ _____________ _______ 97. 50 443 223 ^ 105- 00 220 89. 50 103.50 63 83. 50 76 164 T abulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s C ____ ___ — w r a • _ . 75. 00 ------ ~E2T^ 85~ 00" 102 iNonm n g 66. 50 270 ---76. 00 T ra n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , g en eral — —---57 M anufacturing ________________________ ________ — 62. 50 213 Nonm anufacturing ___ ___________ — --------------63. 50 112 W holesale trade 63. 00 T y p i s t s , c l a s s A 703 _ _ ____ _ _ ____ 6 8 . 50 ^apnfa rtnring 255 59. 50 Nfonmanufacturing _ _____ 448 74. 50 Pnblir nHlitiPQ ^ 88 55. 50 102 Wbr'l ,aR;,^p trJlHp 217 F in a n ce 2 _________________ _________ _______ 99. 0 0 1,380 106.00 T yp ists, cla ss B _______ __ ------- — --------------------533 M anufacturing ---- ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- _ 9 2 . 00 847 Nonmanufacturing __ __ _______________ ____ - 107.50 38 Pu blic u t ilit ie s 3 ___________________ — ------ __ 92. 50 W holesale t r a d e ___ _ -------------- ----------------249 82. 0 0 Retail trade ____________________ _ ____ _ ---------119 8 9 . 00 Finanrp ^ _ im_ ... _ _ 282 82. 0 0 P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occu pation s 89. 0 0 73. 50 401 ______________ _____ — 85. 50 D raftsm en, lea d er ___ 371 M anufacturing ____ ____ __ ______ ____ — __ 73. 0 0 73. 0 0 1,447 D r a f t s m e n , s en ior _ ________ ___ _ ___ 70. 00 M a n u fa c tu r in g 645 330 315 88 112 512 139 373 77 66 81 9 1 . 00 91. 50 9 0 . 00 97. 50 94. 50 $ 76 .50 7 6 oo 77.’ 50 76. 50 Switchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ______________ M anufacturing _______________ __ — ________ — Nonmanufacturing -------- -------------------- ---------------W holesale trade ____________________________ — __ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ____ — — ----------------P ublic u tilities 3 ____________________________________________ D raftsm en, j u n i o r ________________________________ __________________ M anufacturing _____________________________________ N onm anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------------Public u tilit ie s 3 -------------------- _ ---------------------------------- 78. 00 88"; 0 0 ' _ ---------- ----------------74. 00 N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) M anufacturing ______________________________________ ____________ 9 0 . 00 64. 00 73. 50 T r a c e r s _________________________________________________________________ 1 ,216 231 58 79. 00 91.50 71. 50 72. 00 76. 50 7 1.00 75. 50 79. 50 85. 00 76. 50 95. 50 87. 00 65. 50 6 8 . 50 77. 50 6 3 .0 0 72.00 69.0 0 6 4 .0 0 58. 50 170.00 171.00 141. 50 143. 5(3 131. 00 126.50 67 8 109.00 -------5 T T ~TTT7W 101.00 164 108.50 46 107.50 312 ZT9~ " 1 0 8 . 0 0 121 75. 50 11 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a ., January 1963) O ccupation and industry d ivision Num ber of w orkers C a rp en ters, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing ___ _____________ __ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ Pu blic u tilities 2 ____ ____________ E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance ____ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing _________________ _ E n gin eers, station ary ___________ _____ M anufacturing _________ ____ _____ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ R etail trade "Finance 3 _______________________ _ ____ 849 FTE~ 173 114 2, 218 1, 819 399 317 733 4& T 264 53 62 68 NUMBER OF Average Under $ . 0 0 $ . 10 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 40 $ . 50 $ . 60 $ 70 $ . 80 2 2 2. 2 2 2. 2 hourly , and earnings $ 2 . 00 under 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 6 0 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 $3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2 13 14 07 77 18 11 00 93 3. 06 3. 11 2.96 2. 94 3.40 2 . 92 ■ " " ' . - . - _ - . - 6 6 88 22 57 15 7 1 66 44 24 - - 8 6 36 22 2 10 8 2 1 _ - _ _ _ 1 _ 1 2 M a ch in e-tool o p e r a to r s , to o lr o o m ____ M anufacturing __________________„_____ 696 5W 3. 28 3. 28 “ M achinists, m aintenance _________ ____ M anufacturing _________ ___ ___ _ Nonmanufacturing _____ ____________ 2, 386 2, 273 113 3.42 ' 3. 44 2 . 99 _ - M ech an ics, autom otive (m a in ten a n ce)__ M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonm anufacturing _____________ ____ Public u tilities 2 _ _______________ 732 353 379 304 16 30 02 02 _ ■ M echanics, m aintenance _______________ M anufacturing — ----------------------- --- 2, 701 2, 654 3. 11 3. 11 - 6 6 4 10 t z 10 9 9 _ - 4 4 - 48 48 8 16 7 -----8 1 50 43 7 69 36 33 16 6 584 576 9 5 73 72 - 1 1 533 233 300 300 80 76 4 1 58 58 87 68 19 275 16 20 262 16 - 17 3 " 447 415 32 402 395 7 10 77 69 13 4 259 254 5 3 63 53 119 89 30 50 32 18 97 50 47 12 1 22 1 24 8 22 22 64 4 - 55 64 45 41 4 54 46 13 7 11 6 6 9 44 44 _ - 23 ! 22 1 - 4 8 7 _ 7 11 10 1 1 1 4 _ 4 3 _ 3 _ 7 3 4 14 7 7 22 17 5 4 4 _ _ 5 4 1 1 18 18 _ _ _ 4 _ 4 _ 4 7 5 _ 1 1 . _ 4 - - _ _ - - - ~ _ _ - 344 344 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 1 16 2 20 20 8 8 13 13 44 44 131 131 347 347 1 1 74 74 - - - - 1 125 87 38 32 148 138 11 11 54 54 60 60 34 30“ 58 56 165 165 30 30 123 123 88 88 41 41 7 7 142 138 4 807 783 24 56 55 66 ~ E S~ 1 44 43 38 12 12 1 12 8 6 2 8 6 1 - - 10 41 40 57 57 - 8 8 8 4 30 30 " 86 20 66 96 96 - 83 81 236 234 2 2 _ - 2 - 5 5 - 25 25 25 19 11 8 90 38 52 19 73 16 57 51 13 13 170 87 83 79 69 17 52 52 55 47 3 63 18 45 45 21 8 ' 5 5 ■ 99 99 3 “ 100 1 00 107 107 57 52 97 96 309 303 351 345 829 828 163 163 53 45 341 332 72 70 ~ . . 28 25 25 6 6 45 46 71 71 1 1 289 289 147 147 39 39 21 21 6 6 247 243 158 158 26 54 54 _ 56 24 32 4 4 - i i __ 1 _ 6 2 35 17 18 _ - _ " 9 _ 9 1 _ - _ - 7 _ 7 " 70 70 _ _ “ 2 “ 14 _ 14 42 17 25 25 _ " . _ _ 1 109 91 18 18 _ - ' 1 _ 1 1 110 6 6 ' _ 109 - 2 64 145 116 29 27 ■ - 18 n r~ _ - _ 30 10 16 51 48 3 16 5 " . _ 2 2 68 272 35 237 228 2 ! 41 35 89 8 2. 71 2. "76 2. 50 2. 49 S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le, 101 12 8 2, 150 1, 771 379 342 3. 32 3. 32 - 27 27 - 4 4 - H elp ers, m aintenance trades __________ M anufacturing ________ ___ ______ _ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ Public u tilities 2 1, 083 1, 079 33 33 - 5 " 2 2 . 79 2. 8i M illw rights ---------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------ — ----------- 11 11 2 - 2 424 380 44 3. 3. 3. 3. 7 - F irem en , station ary b o ile r ___ __ _ __ M anufacturing __ _____ Nnnmamifactnring 2. 54 5 5 - WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3. 2.9 0 3. 00 $ 10 3. 20 3. 30 3.40 3. 50 3 .60 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 4. 30 $ 4.40 and 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 4. 30 4. 40 over 1 8 8 7 55 _ ri n n 17 9 8 142 200 T 4 T ~ 200 - _ _ 57 56' 1 - - 13 2 10 ~ 12 12 61 58 _ - - _ _ _ - - 20 20 11 11 - ~ 12 12 12 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations— Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r men in s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Pittsburgh, Pa. , January 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry d ivision Number of workers Average hourly earnings O ilers -----------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 625 575 $ 2 . 68 2 . 68 Painters, m aintenance ------------------------ — M anufacturing —........................................ N onm anufacturing ----------------------------Public u tilit ie s 2 --------------------------- 448 349 99 42 2. 2. 2. P ipefitters, m aintenance ----------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------P lum bers, m aintenance -----------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , Under 2 . 0 0 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2.60 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 $3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 $4. 30 $4. 40 and $ and under 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 4. 30 4. 40 over - 14 14 6 6 " - 94 93 98 3. 07 - “ " 1, 224 160 64 3. 09 3. 09 3. 06 - - 101 68 3. 00 2 . 86 2 . 85 - 1, 40 15 17 Sheet-m etal w ork ers, m aintenance -------M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 184 157 3. 3. Tool and die m akers ---------------------------------- — M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------- 899 840 . - - 14 14 121 10 2 8 3 146 146 23 2 1 21 2 95 " 6 6 4 4 - 1 1 9 9 " 18 18 54 54 5 5 3. 32 3 . 36 - " - ' - 3 3 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. T ransportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. 2 2 8 8 104 104 69 69 38 14 34 35 28 7 45 42 3 ~ 20 14 13 17 17 _ - 9 9 1 16 16 26 26 56 56 14 14 161 12 2 10 6 20 11 24 18 9 9 6 6 5 1 - 22 22 38 31 7 14 13 39 39 _ 71 44 44 11 11 1 1 1 7 . - 2 6 - - 1 1 5 1 1 10 10 “ - 98 98 . 24 13 21 12 12 2 11 9 4 1 136 132 4 605 568 37 68 66 2 . 19 5 4 1 - 2 - 149 " 25 31 30 33 32 32 4 3 12 11 11 28 26 18 16 18 17 45 44 2 18 - 11 9 9 21 21 24 24 152 151 46 46 203 203 21 21 29 29 53 53 ■ 70 12 " z 1 - " - - " - - . - - - 10 10 _ . . - - - - . . . - . - . - - - - " " 1 1 20 51 42 9 1 1 1 1 68 1 - . . - - - 3 _ 164 164 3 3 2 2 5 5 13 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , P itts b u r g h , P a ., J a n u a ry 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— N ber um of workers O ccu p a tion 1 and industry d iv isio n Elevator o p e r a to r s , passen ger (men) . . . ............ . M anufacturing __ Elevator o p e r a to r s , passenger (wom en) N onm anufacturing ......... . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , $ Average Under $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1 . 9 0 $ , $ 2.00 2 .20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 * 3.60 3.70 3.80 2 .10 hourly earnings'1 $ and and 1.40 under 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 . 0 0 2 . 1 0 2 . 2 0 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 over - - 101 238 214 103 198 94 7 37 244 59 216 24 205 11 35 28 9 206 142 64 10 ‘ 1256 392 1160 325 96 67 56 55 106 91 15 7 7 - 20 20 - - 14 14 75 75 3 3 44 44 139 Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c lea n ers (men) M anufacturing ________________________ •Nonm anufacturing ____________________ W holesale trade ___________________ R etail trade _______________________ Fi na nr e ^ 1.73 1.69 13 3 12 _ _ 62 26 2.32 2.59 2.63 2.25 1.67 4 344 17 17 40 24 24 16 15 _ 15 23 18 55 . 344 13 _ 13 104 67 61 _ 45 15 _ 15 3, 887 ' 2 , 116 1,771 251 107 400 556 2.08 2.28 1.83 2 23 84 7 77 118 118 93 287 55 232 267 50 217 8 6 1 12 4 208 12 4 4 170 443 84 359 51 25 32 47 26 6 2 36 17 - - - - - - - - _ _ . 507 | 134 j 468 131 468 125 _ 6 3 39 168 152 152 _ 16 4 7 _ _ _ 7 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 4 4 4 _ . _ _ _ - - - - - 3 _ _ _ 3 1 1 - 12 208 1, 560 1,403 157 648 - _ " 15 15 _ - 36 36 13 101 2, 1.88 1.67 1.93 210 190 9 5 201 190 20 100 34 11 15 Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers (wom en) _________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing Public u t ilit ie s 8 R etail trade _______________________ nanr^ 7 1, 466 300 166 154 135 516 1.65 2.05 1.55 1.79 1.45 1.64 8 378 12 27 5 1, 366 22 L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling ___________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing Public u t ilit ie s 8 W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade _ 4, 162 2, 575 1, 587 335 846 373 2.45 2.49 2.38 66 12 9 54 9 O rd er f ille r s _____________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________________ W holesale trade ___________________ R etail trade ________________________ 1,393 441 952 472 480 2 .66 P a ck ers, shipping (m en) ________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ___ _. ___ __ W holesale trade R eta i 1 trad e 1, 335 1, 148 187 2.17 2.18 2.14 110 2.04 P a ck ers, shipping (wom en) _____________ 752 469 255 214 2.56 2.61 2.50 2.55 2.52 7 _ 22 5 8 85 4 5 4 43 1.87 R eceivin g c le r k s ________________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Wbnlftsalft trad ft R etail trade ________________________ 30 14 10 8 2.21 77 8 $1.94 1.92 .. _ Guards and watchm en _ _ _ ...... . .... . ..... . M anufacturing _ _ Guards _____________________________ W atchmen Nonm anufacturing . .... ... S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le . 7 7 178 170 94 96 2.66 2.37 2.23 2.41 2.78 2.52 3.04 6 46 20 _ 7 - _ _ 126 126 7 82 18 496 48 30 18 18 18 2 494 19 1 160 74 86 79 5 469 10 10 11 3 3 _ _ 18 33 33 _ 158 . - - - 10 _ _ - - - 10 - - - _ _ - - - - 1 - 1 - - _ - 5 5 1 _ 2 1 - 1 - - 2 _ _ 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 5 1 _ 2 _ - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 67 171 64 107 107 104 36 28 28 _ 11 8 55 18 37 117 _ 41 40 17 1 19 _ 19 23 100 20 12 208 174 34 14 18 I 37 I 17 1 19 1 26 14 162 12 _ 162 _ 61 47 47 _ 47 _ _ 61 61 _ 11 18 88 15 — W 22 3 2 18 35 35 - 56 51 5 4 _ 305 173 132 482 450 32 1 62 _ _ 1 _ 1 82 37 45 689 603 124 224 53 12 31 22 6 48 115 70 159 90 69 35 34 134 104 30 15 15 170 138 32 15 17 37 125 89 36 77 77 - 113 108 5 5 36 29 7 7 10 77 26 51 58 19 39 35 4 11 7 5 1 36 17 19 17 2 53 32 21 18 1 85 71 14 13 1 26 21 5 5 _ 8 10 12 58 36 - 105 72 33 58 48 636 624 77 10 10 12 10 2 72 55 17 7 22 - 86 10 23 26 20 1 10 4 16 20 16 19 17 -------g12 17 6 9 2 4 8 5 14 14 3 3 5 2 3 4 - _ 2 100 100 36 32 4 _ 24 695 5 2 2 24 19 5 4 102 66 12 8 9 40 7 33 10 1 3 _ 2 48 16 198 277 . - 5 5 5 - 12 16 24 101 647 306 341 71 270 - 475 10 24 _ - _ - 34 86 72 14 58 4 94 50 44 7 2 32 10 9 - 259 1 1 11 68 1 29 . 1 6 " 5 168 12 55 2 104 72 23 9 114 31 16 4 68 I - - _ - 1 1 I „ 5 1 - 72 72 72 - 48 46 31 31 - 20 12 8 8 81 81 2 2 6 6 52 31 21 20 64 58 6 6 2 2 4 2 2 2 — r H - 21 2 93 29 28 88 2 2 12 10 2 22 1 2 68 55 - 3 _ 1 _ _ _ - - 12 1 62 3 3 3 3 _ _ 4 4 _ _ - - , - _ . _ _ - _ . 2 1 11 - _ 1 _ 2 5 _ 5 8 8 8 11 5 _ 5 - 1 5 8 11 5 8 g ~ I - Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , P itts b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a ry 1963) 351 228 123 78 Shipping and receivin g c le r k s ______ > ___ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------Public utilities 6 --------------------------Retail trade ---------------------------------- 197 162 61 52 $ 2 . 66 2. 76 2. 46 2. 48 _ - _ - _ - 3 3 _ - T r u c k d riv e r s 9 --------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------ -------W holesale trade ---------------------------Retail trade ---------------------------------- 1 622 2. 84 3. 11 - 233 2. 71 2 . 79 2. 67 186 793 1, 393 802 358 208 2.91 3. 15 2. 77 2 . 81 2. 75 2. 65 T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tr a ile r type) ------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ________________ nf 11i i"i a ^ 1, 057 172 885 540 3. 2. 3. 3. T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) -----------------Manufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------ 294 204 90 T ru ck ers, pow er (forklift) -------------- — M anufacturing _________ ____________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------Public utilities 6 ------------------ -------Retail trade ---------------------------------- 1, 828 1, 633 195 59 85 T ru ck ers, pow er (other than forklift) ------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- •1, 165 1, 114 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 83 24 08 2 2 - 3 3 _ _ _ 2, 15 7 - - T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) ------------------ -------Manufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------PSiKli r nti liti P ^ * Q W holesale trade _______________ Retail trade ----------------------- ___ 1 2 2 " . _ _ 122 16 - 3 355 2 . 10 3 - 2. 95 3. 00 2.93 T ru ck d rivers, light (under lVz tons) ........... ................... —................ Manufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------ L_ 8XL E 9JL 2 . 00 16 16 5 4, 210 1, 373 2, 837 680 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 and 1 54 52 65 30 • 2. 2. 2. 2. 0 Shipping c lerk s ------------- ----------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------W holesale trade _________ _-----------• <i 0 O ccupation 1 and industry division O' NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGET-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ Average hourly , Under 1. 40 1. 50 earnings $ and 1.40 under E 60 Num ber of w orkers - - 1 3 1 _2 . 20 .2 .3 0 14 13 1 20 8 12 - 10 10 7 2.40 41 36 5 3 20 20 17 7 " 10 8 8 1 27 23 42 42 37 5 9 9 56 29 1 15 1 12 263 362 40 322 272 49 - 1 " - 12 _ _ _ 30 _ 30 20 5 44 38 25 9 16 1 11 9 _ 9 6 11 6 4 58 23 35 31 " 6 - 6 - - 30 7 4 12 4 177 18 154 4 _ - - 5 5 9 9 - - - - 6 2 6 5 4 16 50 - 4 6 1 _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ 30 30 14 38 38 - - _ _ 6 _ 6 - 6 - 6 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 30 13 7 11 3 6 2 3 - _ - - - 86 2 6 1 2 12 2 2 169 35 134 i 2 92 2 28 264 264 132 - - 12 - _ - - 8 8 - - - - _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 16 16 - _ _ - 52 51 1 - - - - - " - 1 2. 92 2. 93 2. 75 _ - _ - _ - _ - - - 45 45 8 8 - 30 28 1 02 1 2 2 130 14 116 _ _ 112 _ 4 - 232 204 28 28 28 - 30 36 28 - 125 426 104 19 21 407 17 407 9 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 155 138 17 374 235 139 72 _ 72 5 _ 5 - _ 17 _ 139 193 3 190 114 76 _ 72 _ 5 - - - - - - - 34 14 20 - 138 138 - 235 235 - _ - _ - 4 4 _ - 16 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ 4 - - - 11 139 139 193 3 72 72 - 59 50 9 71 4 67 11 44 4 40 139 49 90 36 54 29 28 1 1 318 317 1 ~ 157 2 155 81 81 86 78 8 424 322 - _ - - 36 36 23 9 14 49 34 15 _ - 7 1 6 - 287 287 - 12 12 _ - ! 1 3. 80 over 1 2 - 198 197 1 - - _ - 8 12 3. 70 - 363 ! 1137 499 264 I 135 25 1 00 2 474 99 37 606 407 62 114 30 36 258 - 200 166 34 4 13 286 285 1 1 “ " 6 6 2 - 88 86 2 3. 50 3. 60 3 5 4 3 18 4 139 138 1 3. 40 - 9 22 - 78 78 - 3. 30 14 14 - 2 2 11 7 4 66 60 15 95 51 3. 20 9 9 - 5 17 ! 5 1— 17 15 1 1 1 1 4 4 - 10 11 39 3. 10 14 5 9 2 16 Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except w here otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late skifts. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 9 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1 .20; and 3 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1. 30. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 6 at $1 to $ 1 .1 0 ; 208 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1 .2 0 ; 83 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1. 30; and 47 at $ 1. 30 to $1.40. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 30 at $1 to $1. 10; 19 at $1 . 10 to $ 1 .2 0 ; 92 at $ 1 .2 0 to $ 1 .3 0 ; and 60 at $ 1 .3 0 to $1. 40. Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s : 3 at $1 to $1 . 10; 57 at $1. 10 to $ 1 .2 0 ; 264 at $ 1 ,2 0 to $ 1 .3 0 ; and 54 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1. 40. Includes all d riv e r s re g a rd le ss of size and type o f truck operated. 82 69 13 1 15 _ _ _ 11 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3. 00 33 18 15 14 2. 84 2 . 82 2. 90 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 2. 50 2 . 60 18 4 14 9 111 111 - 731 4 727 498 98 107 101 6 3 1 - 6 - " - - 4 4 - 26 14 12 _ - 82 78 4 10 10 18 2 16 35 35 6 6 " - - 4 10 16 35 6 6 6 378 376 2 ~ 18 18 “ 23 23 ~ 60 52 8 13 10 3 12 12 153 116 135 62 54 18 54 - 34 34 - 2 2 7 7 2 - ‘ 1 1 - 2 2 190 114 64 62 2 76 4 72 11 2 24 24 ~ 6 - 15 B: Establishment Practices and Supplem entary Wage Provisions Table B-l. M inimum Entrance Salaries for W om en Office W o rk e rs ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a ll i n d u s t r i e s an d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , P it t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 3 ) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c tu rin g M in im u m w e e k ly s tr a ig h t-t im e s a la r y 1 A ll O th e r in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r ic a l w o r k e r s 2 N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g M a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll in d u s tr ie s $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 45. 00 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 57. 50 $ 60. 00 $ 6 2 . 50 $ 65. 00 $ 67. 50 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 72. 50 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 77. 50 $ 80. 00 $ 82. 50 $ 85. 00 $ 8 7 . 50 $ 90. 00 and u n d er and u n d er and u n d er and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d er and u n d er and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d er and u n d e r and u n d er and u n d er and u n d er and u n d er and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d e r and u n d er and u n d e r A ll 40 s c h e d u le s 37 V 2 A ll 40 s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 3 7 Vz 40 208 76 XXX 132 XXX XXX 208 76 XXX 132 XXX XXX -------- 120 53 47 67 14 44 128 57 50 71 15 46 --------------------------------______________________ --------------------------------______________________ --------------------------------______________________ ______________________ ______________________ --------------------------------______________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------______________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------______________________ --------------------------------- 5 6 1 s tu d ie d E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g o n s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s 3 o f— in d u s tr ie s A ll s c h e d u le s E s ta b lis h m e n ts B ased a s p e c ifie d $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 47. 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 57. 50 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 62. 50 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 67. 50 $ 70. 00 $ 7 2 . 50 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 77. 50 $ 80. 00 $ 82. 50 $ 85. 00 $ 87. 50 $ 9 0 . 00 $ 92. 50 m in im u m E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g n o E s ta b lis h m e n ts _ _ 1 _ 1 1 3 _ 3 1 16 3 3 13 3 5 13 2 1 1 5 _ 13 _ 12 5 5 _ 5 3 2 19 5 5 _ 5 _ 13 6 5 7 1 5 13 7 5 14 9 3 8 5 3 2 2 19 4 10 2 2 _ 4 9 2 9 2 4 4 5 3 12 6 1 1 1 3 1 5 4 3 1 4 3 4 3 3 1 1 _ 1 1 4 2 2 2 4 5 2 _ 5 _ 1 18 4 2 1 4 _ 11 3 6 14 _ 13 5 3 1 6 1 4 9 _ 3 _ 6 _ 6 6 2 2 _ 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 - 1 _ 2 2 _ 2 5 4 6 3 2 3 5 2 2 3 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 1 _ 2 2 1 _ 2 4 2 2 2 - - - 2 2 2 - - - 3 5 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 - 1 3 2 2 1 - 1 2 2 1 - 1 3 2 2 1 - 1 44 c a te g o ry 11 XXX 33 X XX XXX 48 12 XXX 36 XXX XXX 43 — 2 3 12 XXX 31 XXX X XX 31 7 XXX 24 XXX XXX XXX XXX 1 XXX 1 XXX XXX w h ic h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s in t h is s p e c ifie d m in im u m _ 1 _ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- X XX D a ta n o t a v a ila b le T h ese s a la r ie s E x c lu d e s r e la te w orkers D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d to f o r m a l l y e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s fo r s ta r tin g (h ir in g ) su ch a s m e s s e n g e r o r o ffic e a ll s ta n d a r d w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , r e g u la r 1 s tr a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s th a t a r e p a id f o r g ir l. and fo r th e m o s t co re n o n s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k s re p o rte d . sta n d a r d w o r k w e e k s. 16 Table B-2. (S h ift d if f e r e n t i a ls o f m a n u fa c tu r in g Shift D ifferentials p la n t w o r k e r s P ittsb u r g h , P a ., b y ty p e and a m o u n t o f d iffe r e n tia l, J an u ary 1963) P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu r in g In e s t a b li s h m e n t s S h ift d if f e r e n t i a l A c t u a lly w o r k in g p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — Second s h ift T h ir d o r w ork T o ta l p la n t w o r k e r s — h a v in g f o r m a l o th e r 9 8 .0 ..................... ................................................ ................................................ Second s h ift w o r k 9 6 .7 s h ift on— T h ir d or o th e r s h ift 2 3 .3 1 3 .8 _______________________________ 9 7 .5 9 6 .7 2 3 .1 1 3 .8 ( p e r h o u r ) _____________________________ 8 8 .4 8 7 .5 2 1 .4 1 3 .3 3 cen ts ____________________________________________________ 1 .3 _ .4 _ 4 ce n ts ____________- _______________________________________ 1 .0 - .1 - 5 ce n ts ____________________________________________________ 6 ce n ts W ith ____________________________________________________ s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l U n ifo r m cen ts 5 .8 .5 _ 1 .4 .1 - ________________________________________________ 2 .2 1 .6 .6 .2 8 cen ts ____________________________________________________ 6 3 .8 2 .4 1 6 .3 .4 9 cen ts ____________________________________________________ 2 .8 5 .1 .4 .6 4 .5 _ 5 .1 .9 .8 - .1 6 7 .8 .6 1 1 .0 7V2 c e n ts 10 c e n t s _____________________ _____________________________ 11 c e n t s ___________________________________________________ 12 c e n t s 1 .0 ___________________________________________________ .3 .8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 .9 2 .4 3 .3 .2 14 c e n t s ___________________________________________________ .7 .7 .3 16 c e n t s ___________________________________________________ - .2 - (2 ) 9 .2 1 .7 .5 .1 (2 ) .3 I 2 V2 c e n t s U n ifo r m p e rc e n ta g e 9 .2 ____________________________________ 5 p ercen t ________________________________________________ 1 .1 ________________________________________________ 1 .9 .6 .2 7 p ercen t .6 .1 _______________________________________________ 6 .6 7 .5 .1 1 .3 10 p e r c e n t W ith no s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l .2 .5 __________________________ ' 1 even I n c lu d e s th o u g h 2 L ess th e y e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ere th a n 0 .0 5 not c u r r e n t ly c u r r e n t ly p e rc e n t. o p e r a tin g o p e r a tin g la te la te sh ifts , s h ifts . and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts 17 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , P it t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 1963) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s A ll w o rk ers All ! industries ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 7 V 2 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------3 8 3/4 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------35 h ours O ver 35 and under 3 7 V 2 hours O ver 42 hours O ver 42 48 hours 50 h ou rs 100 Public utilities 2 1 Wholesale trade 100 100 Retail trade 100 Finance 100 4 10 2 - - 5 1 20 2 45 3 4 5 56 2 - 3 3 1 12 1 4 ________________________ 1 - 2 - - 2 _____________________ ___________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and u n d er 4 8 h o u rs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 94 53 80 90 23 - - - 1 - 3 8 3 /4 a n d u n d e r 40 h ours 100 Manufacturing 40 h ours 1 I n c lu d e s 2 T r a n s p o r ta tio n , 3 F in a n c e , 4 In c lu d e s 5 L ess d a ta fo r s e rv ic e s d a ta fo r ( 5) in a d d it io n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s c o m m u n ic a tio n , in s u r a n c e , ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) (!) - ( 5) show n - se p a r a te ly . a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . and r e a l e sta te . r e a l e sta te th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d iv i s io n s show n se p a r a te ly . - 3 4 All industries 100 Manufacturing 100 ( 5) 1 2 Wholesale trade 100 100 Retail trade 100^ 1 1 Public , utilities 1 - - ~ 9 1 - _ _ 92 2 93 83 75 93 2 1 ( 5) 1 1 2 6 11 - _ 3 3 4 5 _ 8 18 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l i d a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 1963) OFFICE WORKERS Item PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public , utilities c W holesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 1 00 1 00 100 1 00 100 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 99 1 00 100 100 99 100 98 1 00 100 100 92 All , industries 1 A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid h olid a y s ___________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g no paid h o lid a y s _______________________________ (5) All industries * Public utilities^ Manufacturing W holesale trade Retail trad? 2 ( 5) 8 ' " N um ber o f days 1 h o lid a y __________________________________________ 5 h o lid a y s _ __ ________ . 5 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day _______________________ 6 h o lid a y s ________________________________________ 6 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day _______________________ 6 h olid a y s plus 2 h a lf days _____________________ 6 h o lid a y s plus 3 h a lf days _____________________ 7 h olid a y s ________________________________________ 7 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day _______________________ 7 h olid a y s plus 2 h a lf days _________ ____________ 8 h olid a ys ________________________________________ 8 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day _______________________ 9 h olid a y s ________________________________________ 10 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 10 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day _____________________ 11 h o lid a y s __________________ ..____________________ 12 h olid a y s _______________________________________ 1 (5 ) (5 ) - - 1 12 8 12 3 3 4 5 - 1 - 1 47 5 58 9 2 16 1 22 2 - 31 27 - 3 3 2 ( 5) 13 31 21 4 12 1 27 - - 2 - - - - 1 1 - - 2 - 8 71 43 35 3 (5) 59 60 4 3 9 3 3 - - (5 ) 0 1 - 8 _ 16 3 1 2 2 - 0 9 5 - 3 (5) 16 (5) - 22 6 4 58 1 75 - 1 1 2 - 1 1 14 (5 ) 1 27 - 15 - 27 3 2 2 2 2 2 8 - 17 - - - - 1 1 - - 1 (5 ) - 30 _ _ _ _ _ - " ' T o ta l h o lid a y t i m e 6 12 days ____________________________________________ 11 o r m o r e days _________________________________ I 0 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 10 o r m o r e days _________________________________ 9 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 8 V2 o r m o r e days ___________________ ___________ 8 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 7 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 7 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 6 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 6 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 5 V2 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 5 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 1 o r m o r e days 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r s e rv ic e s 2 F in a n c e , 4 I n c lu d e s 5 6 w it h T r a n s p o r ta tio n , 3 L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t . A l l c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll an d 7 fu ll days d a ta and fo r no in and real h a lf real e sta te d ays, 5 8 10 28 34 85 88 99 99 99 99 to th o se o th e r in d u s tr y p u b lic - 2 () ( 5) 3 3 25 34 97 97 100 100 100 100 28 40 40 67 68 99 1 5 29 35 80 88 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 d iv is io n s sh ow n 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 2 23 23 98 98 98 99 3 3 19 20 92 92 100 100 100 100 20 21 81 81 97 97 97 98 _ _ 3 5 34 37 81 84 100 100 100 100 _ 17 26 26 53 54 97 97 98 98 100 100 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 7 16 24 24 89 98 100 100 100 100 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 30 88 88 88 92 s e p a r a te ly . u tilit ie s . e sta te . and h a lf 6 and - 0 1 a d d itio n c o m m u n ic a tio n , in s u r a n c e , (5 ) fu ll se rv ic e s d a y s th a t days and in a d d it io n a d d to 2 h a lf th e to th o se sam e d ays, 5 in d u s tr y am ount are fu ll days d iv is io n s c o m b in e d ; ahd 4 h a lf sh ow n fo r d ays, s e p a r a te ly . e x a m p le , and so th e p r o p o r t io n on. P r o p o r tio n s of w ork ers w ere th e n r e c e iv in g a c u m u la te d . to ta l of 7 days in c lu d e s th o se 19 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 1 963) OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------------------- All industries1 100 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 PLANT WORKERS Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 All . industries* Manufacturing Public utilities 2 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 94 5 100 92 7 1 ( 5) 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 10C - 8 8 _ M ethod o f paym ent W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro vid in g p aid v a c a tio n s ---------------------------------------------------L e n g t h -o f-t im e paym en t -------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p aym en t _________________________ F la t -s u m paym en t ____________________________ O th er -----.-----------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro vid in g no paid v a c a tio n s _______________________________ 99 99 (5) - 0 ( 5) ■ ” A m oun t o f v a c a tio n pay 6 A ft e r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek _____________________________________ 1 w eek _____________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 40 17 1 4 52 13 1 _ 28 10 - "6 39 9 - 19 2 78 1 10 4 87 - 61 1 37 - 72 - 5 3 91 2 6 94 - 6 19 75 - 2 (5) 95 3 2 97 1 2 ( 5) 95 3 3 6 I - 2 3 1 - 3 21 _ - _ 21 44 3 - 8 19 3 - 51 49 - _ 95 5 88 4 8 ( 5) 93 4 2 ( 5) 93 2 5 - 58 _ 42 - 72 _ 28 - 93 - 4 1 95 - _ 95 5 67 12 20 1 83 13 4 ( 5) 40 5 55 - 35 8 56 - 26 7 67 - 4 1 95 - 2 91 7 2 1 98 - _ 95 5 17 27 55 1 21 37 42 ( 5) 6 3 91 - 3 8 89 - 8 2 89 - 2 _ 97 1 4 1 95 - 2 91 7 2 1 98 - . 95 5 15 27 57 1 19 37 43 ( 5) 6 3 91 - 3 8 89 - 6 2 92 _ _ 96 1 3 _ 100 - _ 93 7 1 97 _ _ 91 9 1 1 94 3 1 _ 1 95 3 1 _ 100 _ 3 97 90 ■ - 5 10 26 - - A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________________________ O v er 1 and un d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w eek s __________________ _________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________________ 28 ; A ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 m p p Ic / O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s __ 2 w eek s ---------------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________________ - 7 - A ft e r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________________________ O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ______________ ______ 2 w eek s ^ -----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and un d er 3 w ee k s _______________________ A ft e r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________ _____________ O v er 1 and un d er 2 w ee k s 2 w eek s ____________________________________________ O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w ee k s _ A ft e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek -------------------------------------------- ----------------------O ver 1 and un d er 2 w ee k s ______ __ ___ 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------ ---- -------------- ---O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ____ 3 w eek s _______________________________ ;____________ See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . ( 5) 94 4 2 _ 1 _ 5 20 Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s an d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 196 3) OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y All , industries 1 2 Manufacturing Public , utilities c Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance 3 4 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public , utilities^ Wholesale trade Retail trade A m ount o f v a c a tio n p a y 6— Continued A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________________________ ______________ O v er 1 and under 2 w eeks --------------------------------------------2 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s ------------------------------------------------3 w eek s ______________________________________________________ _____ O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w ee k s ------------------------------ — — (5) - _ - _ - _ - 1 - _ - 42 29 28 - 60 3 37 - 80 8 12 - _ _ _ 1 _ - - - 67 _ 32 - 62 4 29 5 ( !) (5) 34 21 42 2 _ - 55 16 28 1 _ 1 22 29 46 2 _ - _ 3 - - 51 9 40 - 41 - _ _ 3 - - 66 3 31 - 56 _ A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s _______________________________ 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------- — -------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w eek s _______________________________ 3 w eek s ---------------- ----------------------------------------------- --------------------O v er 3 and u nd er 4 w eek s _______________________________ (5) 39 10 49 2 29 12 57 1 59 3 34 4 65 22 14 - 35 - 22 4 70 5 65 - _ (5) 27 27 43 2 1 14 36 47 2 62 3 31 4 36 15 49 - 1 55 - 43 - A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O v er 1 and u nd er 2 w eek s ------------------------------ -------------2 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v er 2 and u nd er 3 w ee k s _______________________________ 3 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v er 3 and u n d er 4 w ee k s ------------------------------------------------4 w eek s --------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- 5 (5) 92 2 1 _ _ _ 1 _ - (5) - - - - 2 1 8 2 9 - _ - _ - 95 4 - 92 98 - - - - 95 2 1 87 5 - ( !) (5) 4 (5) 89 4 1 3 _ _ _ 1 1 - - - 1 7 8 - - - - 93 89 91 5 2 95 4 - - - - - _ _ 3 - - A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e (5) ?. 4 74 1 21 (5) <»<»lr .Q == 3 w eek s ----------- — — ------------ ------------------ ----O v e r 3 and under 4 w eek s ---------------- ------- ----4 w eek s ____________________________________________ O v er 4 w eeks ------------------------------------------- ---------- _ _ _ 1 _ - 1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------- _ - - - 1 55 6 84 5 6 - 2 66 1 31 (5) 1 91 8 83 - - 8 - 9 - - 43 - ( !) (5) 3 74 2 18 2 _ 1 1 79 3 15 2 1 77 7 75 - 5 52 - - - 22 - 18 - 40 - A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s ----------------------------------2 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 w eek s ---------------- -------------------------------, --------------------- -------------O v e r 3 and under 4 w eek s ------------------------------------------------4 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 w eek s -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4 37 16 42 1 _ _ - (5) _ 2 15 29 53 1 1 26 2 71 _ 1 - _ 8 58 7 27 1 43 _ 55 _ - 6 78 5 12 (*) (5) 3 22 20 52 3 _ 1 1 14 28 53 3 _ - 1 30 2 67 _ - 7 46 3 - 5 43 - _ 47 49 1 In clu d es data f o r s e r v ic e s in add ition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a r a te ly . 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s . 3 F in a n ce, in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te . 4 In clu des data f o r r e a l estate and s e r v ic e s in a dd ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. 6 In clu des paym en ts o th e r than "le n g th o f tim e , " su ch as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r fla t -s u m paym en ts, c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a len t tim e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le, a paym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in gs w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r il y r e f l e c t the in divid u al p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r e x a m p le , the ch an ges in p r o p o r t io n s in d ica te d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e includ e chan ges in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r i n g b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s tim a te s a r e cu m u la tiv e . Thus, the p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv in g 3 w e e k s ' pay o r m o r e a fte r 5 y e a r s in clu d e s th o s e who r e c e iv e 3 w e e k s' pay o r m o r e a ft e r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . 21 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e sta b lis h m e n ts p rov id in g health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e fits , 1 P itts b u rg h , P a ., January 1963) 2 OFFICE WORKERS.. T y p e o f b e n e fit PLANT WORKERS Wholesale trade Retail trade Manufacturing Public utilities J Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 95 95 95 36 39 62 72 100 97 99 94 91 91 42 44 36 40 51 87 94 75 84 70 94 76 93 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce ________ S ick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aitin g p e r io d ) ---------------------------------------S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r w aiting p e r io d ) __________________________ 50 73 8 99 69 81 87 59 69 12 86 98 24 69 70 81 71 46 76 22 76 7 1 22 27 4 23 - 24 2 11 - 4 1 31 7 H o s p ita liz a tio n in s u r a n c e ___________________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ___________________________ C a ta s tro p h e in s u r a n c e _______________________ R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n __________________________ No health , in s u r a n c e , o r p en sion plan _____ 81 79 57 53 85 1 4 99 99 78 44 93 ( 7) 74 74 68 88 72 76 75 43 27 67 3 93 93 23 22 74 5 50 38 25 73 93 95 95 49 20 86 1 99 99 47 16 94 81 81 63 74 66 86 83 70 25 82 7 87 87 39 5 70 9 Manufacturing 100 100 L ife in s u r a n c e _______________________________ A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in s u r a n c e ____________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r s ic k le a v e o r b o t h 6 ________________________ 97 44 A ll w o r k e r s ______________________________________ 4 All industries AH , industries 5 Public , utilities Finance 3 W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts providin g: 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. 2 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately, 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 5 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 6 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 7 Less than 0.5 percent. Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C la ss A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. B iller, m achine (hilling m achine)—U s e s a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. C la ss B —Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B ille r , m achine (b o o k k eep in g m achine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C la ss A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 23 24 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G -C o n tin u e d payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C la ss B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C la ss A— an established filing system containing a number In of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. B— Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. C la ss CLE R K , ORDER Receives customers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) C— Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. C la ss Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 25 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C la s s A— Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. C la s s 6 — Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 26 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued C la ss C —Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A— Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D o e s not in clu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C la s s B —Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in' duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la ss A— Performs on e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. C la ss B —Performs on e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 27 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees9 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety^of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 28 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a lso supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f e n g in eers in e s ta b li s h MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. m ents em p loyin g more than one en g in eer are e x clu d ed . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 29 M A C H IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d M ILLW RIG H T properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and- experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of. mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 30 P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers prim arily e n g a g e d in in sta llin g and types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeshio or equivalent training and experience. repairing building sa n ita tion or heating s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d . TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker; PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. I n c lu d e s g a te - men w ho are s ta tio n ed at gate and c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p l o y e e s and oth er p e r so n s en terin g. 31 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in v o lv e on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a ls o make w ood en b o x e s or cra tes are e x c lu d ed . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve o n e 'o r more o f the fo llo w ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. L o n g sh o r e m e n , who load and unload sh ip s are e x c lu d e d . sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. ping work i n v o lv e s : routes, Ship A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work in v o l v e s : May R e c e iv in g Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv in g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and r e c e iv in g clerk 32 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv er*sa lesm en and o v e r -th e -r o a d drivers Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. are e x c lu d ed . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, p o w er (fork lift) Trucker, p o w e r (oth er than fo rk lift) T ru ckdriver (com bin ation o f s i z e s li s t e d s e p a r a te ly ) Truckdriver, ligh t (under 1% ton s) WATCHMAN Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 to n s) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, trailer ty p e ) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, oth er than trailer ty p e ) Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.