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Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA NOVEMBER 1962 B ulletin No. 1 345-19 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA NOVEMBER 1962 Bulletin No. 1345-19 January 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents P r efa ce Contents Page The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occu pational wage surveys in major labor markets. These studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. Information on related supple mentary benefits is obtained biennially in most of the labor markets. A preliminary report which presents earnings trends for selected occupational groups and average earn ings in selected jobs is released within a month after the completion of the study in each area. This bulletin pro vides additional data not included in the preliminary report. A two-part summary bulletin is issued after the completion of all of the area bulletins for a round of sur veys (for the current round of surveys, the first part of this bulletin will be available late in 1963 and the second part early in 1964). The first part presents individual labor market data. The second part presents data relating to all metropolitan areas in the United States. This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau's r e gional office in Atlanta, G a., by William L. Dansby, under the direction of Donald M. Cruse. The study was under the general direction of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant R e gional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. Introduction _______________________________________ _____ ___________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups _______________ _______ 1 3 Tables: 1. 2. Establishments and workers within scope of survey __________ Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, for selected periods ___________________ A: Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations— men and women _____________________ A -2. Professional and technical occupations— men and women _______________________________________________ A -3. Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women combined ___________________________ A -4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations ________________ A -5 . Custodial and material movement occupations ___ ____9 Appendix: Occupational descriptions ____________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other major areas. (See inside back cover. ) Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for the following trades or industries: Build ing construction, printing, local-transit operating employ ees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. 2 2 4 6 7 8 11 O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S u r v e y —R i c h m o n d , Y a . Introduction This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U.S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i.e ., those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. In each area, data are obtained from representative estab lishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; trans portation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government opera tions and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupa tions studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties performed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descrip tions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Esti mates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and power plant; and (d) custodial and material move ment. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A -se rie s tables because either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or (2) there is possi bility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Tabulations on selected establishment practices and supple mentary wage provisions (B -series tables) are not presented in this bulletin. Information for these tabulations is collected biennially in this area. These tabulations on minimum entrance salaries for in experienced women office workers; shift differentials; scheduled weekly hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are presented (in the B -series tables) in previous bulletins for this area. 1 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Richmond, Va. , by major industry division, 2 November 1962 Number of establishments Industry division Workers in establishments Within scope of study4 Within scope of study3 Studied All divisions ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 373 123 77,600 51,160 Manufacturing ____________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________ ______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities5 ___________________ ___ __________ Wholesale trade 6 _____________________________________ Retail trade 6 _ _______________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate 6 _______________ Services6*7 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 246 48 75 36,700 40,900 24,660 26,500 38 52 79 45 32 18 13 19 15 10 11.600 4, 700 13, 500 7, 300 3, 800 10, 060 1,960 7, 990 4, 700 1,790 Studied 1 The Richmond Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Richmond City; and Chesterfield and Henrico Counties. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force in cluded in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation (50 employees). All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes all workers in all establishments with total employment (within the area) at or above the minimum limitation (50 employees). 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Richmond's gas utility is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Richmond, Va. , for selected periods Industry and occupational groups November 1961 to November 1962 December I960 to November 1961 February i960 to December I960 All industries: Office clerical (men and women) _______________________ Industrial nurses (men and women) ______________________ Skilled maintenance (men) ________________________________ Unskilled plant (m en)_____________________________________ 2. 1. 2. 3. 5 0 6 2 3 .9 1. 5 3. 5 1 8. 3 2. 3. 3. 5. Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women)______________________ Industrial nurses (men and women) ____________________ Skilled maintenance (men) _________ ________________ __ Unskilled plant (men) _____________________________________ 2. 1. 2. 3. 0 5 7 2 2. 8 .5 3 .2 l 8 .4 2 .9 3. 6 3. 2 2. 5 6 7 4 3 1 The amount of this increase reflects the effect of the new minimum wage and changes in employment among estab lishments with different pay levels in addition to general wage changes. Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in av erage earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenographers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a per centage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force re sulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause in creases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the pro portion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the ef fect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job included in the data. The percentages of change are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for over time, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Wage indexes for selected groups of workers based on data from the labor market surveys were computed for 20 areas between 1953 and I960. In 1961, the labor market occupational wage program was expanded to include 80 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas which will be surveyed annually. This expansion made data available for the computation of wage indexes for selected job groupings in each of the 80 areas. The above text represents the method used in computing these new wage change indexes. The new series was initiated last year and the data are not comparable with trends published prior to that time. The new series covers the same job groupings as the earlier series with the following exceptions: The clerical and industrial nurse groups, formerly restricted to women, now include both men and women. Changes were also made in the jobs included within job groupings in order that an identical list could be employed in all areas. A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., Novem ber 1962) and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) - 'M ; KK <‘ F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F — W eekly . U n d e r earnings 1 (Standard) $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 p nd under 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 S 5 5 .0 0 - $ 6 0 .0 0 - 6 0 .0 0 $ i$ 6 5 ,0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 !$ B v .O O 7 5 .0 0 | ' 7 0 .0 0 00 o c c u p a tio n , b o Average Sex, | $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ 1 0 0 .0 0 1 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 j 1 and 1 ! over 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 1 0 .0 0 11 5 .0 0 ! 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 $ Is I 9 0 .0 0 1 9 5 .0 0 - - j 7 5 .0 0 ! 8 0 .0 0 i 8 5 .0 0 ! 9 0 .0 0 1 9 5 .0 0 M en i 171 3 9 .0 $ 1 0 9 .5 0 _ _____________________________________ 84 3 9 .0 1 1 5 .0 0 - - - ______________________________ 87 3 9 .0 1 0 4 .0 0 - - 36 4 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 0 107 3 9 .0 8 8 .0 0 _ 1 a c c o u n tin g , M a n u fa c t u r in g c la s s N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g A _________________ . ____________ ______ __________________ 56 9 3 .0 0 - - ______________________________ 51 3 9 .5 8 3 .0 0 - 1 36 M a n u fa c t u r in g 4 0 .0 9 0 .0 0 87 4 0 .5 8 7 .5 0 . 72 4 1 .0 8 2 .5 0 - N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g C le r k s , ord er __________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ 3 9 .0 _ _ 2 2 2 - - - - ! - - 2 2 _ 2 j 2 1 14 3 6 S 25 1 - - 4 4 10 ! i 9 20 11 20 16 ! 4 12 6 8 2 i 12 2 1 4 5 8 5 12 14 1 j io 8 j 1 1 2 1 6 ! I - 4 21 \ 3 2 ! 4 1 2 3 1 | 4 6 8 ! 6 15 4 4 6 8 ! 6 13 1 1 7 4 2 i 1 ! O ffic e _______ ________________________________ 35 3 9 .5 8 8 .0 0 . _ 2 2 1 _ _______________________________________________ 115 3 8 .0 5 8 .5 0 2 38 26 19 5 4 p a y r o ll boys P u b lic A 98 3 8 .0 5 7 .5 0 - 38 23 15 3 2 3 9 .5 7 6 .0 0 - - 5 3 - - - o p e ra to rs, T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e c la s s B M a n u fa c t u r in g 76 3 8 .5 ! 1 0 5 .5 0 - - 1 1 - 9 4 .0 0 - - 1 2 2 1 3 i - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 2 2 1 2 27 3 9 .0 1 0 1 .5 0 3 8 .0 8 9 .5 0 - 4 i 1 8 1 7 | 1 1 4 3 12 6 1 1 15 1 9 i | 6 2 1 1 5 3 _ 12 3 2 12 _ 2 1 2 j ” 1 1 3 3 - _ ! 5 7 7 _ _ 6 1 6 1 - _ _ - - _ _ _ 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 - 1 _ 1 _ 1 - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 8 " 2 7 1 - 1 6 3 1 i 3 1 2 17 i ! 17 2 8 4 8 12 18 ! ! I j 2 i 49 1 _ - i 6 12 - - - ______________________________ 3 8 8 7 3 ! | - ____________________________________ T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e C 28 3 9 .5 o p e ra to r s , ___________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g c la s s ! - 25 ___________________________________________________ 2 13 2 i 1 ______________________________ T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e c la s s 1 u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 3 4 1 . ! C le r k s , 1 11 6 3 2 4 4 5 i 1 : 7 13 2 2 | 1 t C le r k s , ! 4 - i 9 11 ! 2 1 2 1 ! 2 7 3 2 _ 1 _ 5 4 6 3 1 2 - 2 - [ 6 15 1 7 2 I 3 I 1 2 9 | 12 j 1 i 5 2 1 3 1 2 - 2 - 1 2 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 . _ _ . _ _ - - 5 o p e ra to r s , ________ __________________________________________ 44 3 8 .0 6 8 .5 0 ______________________________ 30 3 7 .0 6 1 .5 0 31 4 0 .0 109 26 83 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g - - 2 9 13 7 - - 2 9 13 5 - 4 1 2 - 6 1 .5 0 _ 3 2 16 2 6 . _ . 3 9 .0 6 2 .5 0 - - 47 3 12 22 5 11 1 4 3 8 .0 7 5 .5 0 - - 1 1 3 6 3 3 1 4 3 9 .0 5 8 .5 0 - - 46 2 9 16 2 8 - - 7 1 .5 0 - 1 2 20 17 13 2 2 " 5 i 1 ! - W om en B ille r s , m a c h in e (b illin g B ille r s , m a c h in e m a c h in e ) m a c h in e ) _______ _ _ _ _ - 3 1 - - - - - - - - 3 1 - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - (b o o k k e e p in g ............................. ........... M a n u fa c t u r in g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e c la s s A . _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e c la s s B _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g a c c o u n tin g , M a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________ c la s s C le r k s , file , - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 6 9 - 5 1 3 2 - - - 1 2 15 11 4 2 4 - 1 1 - 219 3 9 .0 6 1 .5 0 - 20 41 31 49 31 30 12 4 1 26 3 9 .0 6 7 .5 0 - - 2 5 6 2 1 8 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 193 3 9 .0 6 0 .5 0 - 20 39 26 43 29 29 4 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 248 3 8 .0 8 4 .0 0 - - - - 23 18 23 43 85 19 3 _ 31 3 9 .5 8 3 .5 0 - - - - - 2 7 217 3 8 .0 8 4 .0 0 - - - - 7 21 11 22 45 119 107 65 9 - - - 3 7 4 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 j | 1 - 64 7 - - - - - - - - - - 4 10 5 5 - - - 5 2 1 2 1 2 - 3 - - 4 - - _ _ _ 18 39 80 17 3 8 4 3 3 3 - - - - - 62 77 14 10 11 5 5 3 2 - 1 1 - - 72 3 9 .0 8 1 .5 0 _ - - - 8 8 8 14 10 - 1 2 - 1 _ _ 6 8 .5 0 3 22 45 64 111 99 57 48 67 8 3 21 2 - - - 1 _ _ 3 8 .0 5 5 2 560 9 5 3 ______________________________ - _ _ u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________________ 153 3 9 .0 7 9 .5 0 - - 2 6 14 21 17 20 42 1 2 6 2 19 1 - - - - - - - ______________________________ 92 3 7 .5 7 3 .5 0 - 2 1 10 19 10 2 14 9 21 1 _ 1 1 1 - _ . _ _ _ _ ______________________________ 83 3 7 .5 7 3 .0 0 - 2 1 10 18 11 7 20 1 ' 1 1 1 “ - - - " a c c o u n tin g , M a n u fa c t u r in g C le r k s , _________________ _______________I ______________ c la s s .. N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g P u b lic A _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g - - 4 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 73 3 9 .0 - 1 31 42 o p e ra to rs, ___________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g C le r k s , o p e ra to rs, ------------------------------------------------------------ M a n u fa c t u r in g ! c la s s A N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g B _________________ .............. _ See footnotes at end of table. 632 3 8 .0 7 0 .0 0 3 1 0 21 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en-----Continued (A verage stra ight-tim e-w eek ly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, Richmond, V a ., Novem ber 1962) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly (Standard) Weekly earnings1 (Standard) NUM BER OF W O RK ERS RECEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF $ $ $ $ Under 45.00 50.00 55.00 6 0 . 0 0 and $ 45.00 under 50J3Q. 55.00 60.00 65.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 and 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 65.00 Wom en— Continued C le r k s, file , c la s s B ______________________ Manufacturing „__________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 303 46 257 38.0 39.0 38.0 $ 6 0 .5 0 67.00 59.50 4 4 52 52 15 15 83 C le r k s, file , c la s s C ______________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 91 73 38.5 38.0 51.50 51.00 - 33 27 43 37 C le r k s, order 44 40.0 72.00 - _ C le r k s, p ayroll _____________________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 150 51 99 39.0 39.0 38.5 78.00 84.50 74.50 _ - C om ptom eter op erators ___________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 159 48 66.50 66.50 - 2 111 39.5 39.5 39.5 D u plicatin g-m achin e op erators (M im eograph or Ditto) ___________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 36 30 38.5 38.5 65.50 67.00 Keypunch op era to rs, c la ss A ____________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 106 45 61 38.5 40.0 37.5 78.50 Keypunch op era to rs, c la s s B ____________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ Public u tilities 3 ____________ ____ ____ 224 32 192 90 O ffice g ir ls __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------- ------------------- 62 64 15 49 38 32 28 15 13 13 7 2 - 7 1 3 _ - 3 3 17 2 3 1 23 5 18 - 2 2 70.50 - 38.0 39.5 37.5 39.0 69.50 67.50 70.00 80.50 56 37.5 37.5 S ec reta ries __________________________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ Public u tilities 3 _____________________ 879 350 529 123 Stenographers, general ___________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ Public u tilities 3 _____________________ 1 i 5 1 3 i...... 1 [ 2 - - _ _ " - - 3 12 _ 3 21 12 29 12 8 14 3 15 15 4 8 21 11 1 10 8 6 29 7 40 18 11 10 6 16 22 22 8 13 13 7 4 2 2 5 3 3 7 7 9 9 - - 2 14 14 14 29 7 11 2 - 3 3 - 28 37 3 34 14 39 9 30 7 20 1 42 7 35 17 53.50 53.00 1 1 25 23 13 12 12 12 7 5 2 1 39.0 39.5 38.5 39.5 87.50 90.50 85.00 104.00 _ - _ - 17 3 14 - 13 13 - 59 25 34 4 53 623 234 389 143 39.0 39.5 38.0 40.0 76.00 74.50 77.00 96.50 8 4 4 20 6 68 - - 2 51 18 33 4 Stenographers, senior ____________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ Public u tilities 3 _____________________ 219 82.50 - - 3 3 - 4 4 - 24 3 151 49 38.5 39.5 38.5 39.0 Switchboard op erators ____________________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ....................................... Public u tilities 3 _____________________ 154 26 128 31 40.5 39.5 41.0 40.0 64.50 80.50 61.50 82.50 25 25 - 13 13 - 12 - - 10 2 12 Switchboard o p er a to r -r ec ep tio n ists _____ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 127 47 80 39.5 39.5 39.5 66.50 67.50 65.50 - - 2 2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - - - - _ 6 _ 2 5 _ 5 _ _ . - - - - - - 9 ______________________________ T abulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B . . . . . . _ ............. . Nonmanufacturing ______________________ See footnotes at end of table. 68 82 74 66.00 6 77 6 2 3 . | ! 1 15 _ 5 1 ! 7 3 5 4 5 _ 5 _ . _ - - - - _ - 1 1 3 3 - _ - . - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ i i ! 11 5 i 2 ! 3 3 - 3 ! _ 3 2 3 _ 3 - - L_ i 1 ' _ 3 _ 1 ___ ! j 2 2 - 1 4 | 1 11 8 3 - _ | _ 4 1 - _ - - - - _ - _ - . - . - _ - . - _ - 4 4 - 8 8 - _ _ - _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - . _ . ! 38.0 37.5 89.00 8 88.00 80.00 85.50 77.00 76. 50“ 4 - " 2 26 14 10 " “ - 2 2 12 22 7 4 i i i ! 7 5 7 2 1 2 2 2 21 6 4 ! 5 3 1 1 2 21 1 1 2 - 2 - _ - 21 21 3 _ 3 3 21 21 _ _ . - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - . _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 75 143 87 56 78 41 37 7 31 24 7 4 33 17 14 25 5 22 13 5 4 7 4 18 16 2 2 11 4 _ 4 4 3 2 2 2 6 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 5 15 4 7 3 4 2 10 51 7 65 80 19 61 1 8 114 35 79 7 81 27 54 82 2 2 2 - 5 3 14 3 21 13 8 8 2 12 6 6 13 7 11 4 53 14 39 7 25 13 21 19 4 15 26 26 17 4 13 3 2 2 28 30 29 6 22 12 18 _ 1 1 13 55 10 7 7 11 16 117 33 53 9 66 50 43 7 15 13 15 54 35 10 1 2 _ 2 15 14 54 54 33 33 8 15 7 4 51 3 12 ! 16 5 3 2 - 3 19 8 1 2 10 1 12 5 3 1 2 - - 7 5 10 1 i - 9 3 3 12 7 1 1 - 2 3 3 - 4 _ 8 5 - - - 15 7 19 8 6 15 6 10 18 18 11 11 1 3 - 20 2 8 _ _ _ 2 2 9 _ _ _ 8 - 2 - - - - - 6 2 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - . _ _ - _ _ - - _ _ . - _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ . _ - - _ 4 1 8 2 2 8 8 _ - _ _ _ - ! i 3 1 1 _ _ - _ _ _ ! - 1------ r ~ - 2 _ i - 2 _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - “ . 17 1 2 - - 5 10 2 2 1 1 3 2 12 16 12 1 2 1 10 18 18 66 86 _ | 3 ! 3 1 i " - _ 1 _______ _ - - 1 _ i 1 ----------- r . ! 1______ _ 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en---- Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., Novem ber 1962) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) N UM BER OF WO RK ERS RECEIVING ST RAIGH T-TIM E WEEKLY EA RN IN G S OF - Weekly . earnings1 (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ Under 45 .00 *50.00 55.00 *6 0 . 0 0 *65.00 *70.00 *75.00 *80.00 85.00 *9 0 . 0 0 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 *115.00 * 2 0 . 0 0 *125.00 ^ 3 0 .0 0 ^ 3 5 .0 0 *140.00 ^ 4 5 .0 0 1 and $ and 45.00 under 50.00 55.00 6 0 . 0 0 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 9 0 . 0 0 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 over 1 Women— Continued Tabulating-m achine op erators, class C __________________________ __________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 52 49 36.5 36.0 T ran scrib in g-m achin e op erators, general ------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ _ 106 27 79 39.0 40 .0 39.0 Typists, c la ss A ___________ ________ ___ Manufacturing _______ _________________ Nonmanufacturing __ _____ _____ ___ Public u tilitie s 3 _________________ _ 203 40 163 31 Typists, c la ss B ___________________________ Manufacturing _______ ________ _______ Nonmanufacturing __ __________________ Public u tilitie s 3 ____________________ 439 71 368 43 1 2 3 4 5 5 - 8 - - 16 66.00 8 ! 17 37.0 38.5 37.0 38.5 68.50 75.50 66.50 73.00 - - 2 ! 24 7 17 3 38 .0 38.5 38.0 39.5 59.00 65.50 58.00 2 50 3 47 68.00 “ 89 5 84 3 !$ 62.00 62.50 66.50 67.00 2 8 " 8 8 U iz _ i 2 - 121 7 1 14 17 12 7 8 6 12 9 9 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 23 11 19 8 8 1 22 4 7 11 3 5 - - - - 8 8 1 1 2 67 38 4 34 7 29 3 26 23 9 14 3 3 3 5 9 1 6 1 1 - 112 26 13 27 85 9 17 8 7 5 5 2 12 " 3 3 3 5 5 ! 5 2 6 8 1 1 8 ! - 2 j 2 6 ! I 1 6 1 - 1 ~ " - _ - - - - - _ _ - - - _ _ - . - _ _ _ - | ------- -— 2 3 - - 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 - _ _ - - _ - - _ _ - - - - _ - _ _ - - " “ - - - 1 i 3 3 3 I _ - _ | . _ _ _ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 4 at $ 1 4 5 to $ 1 5 0 ; 4 at $ 1 5 0 to $ 1 5 5 ; 4 at $ 1 5 5 and over. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 4 at $ 2 5 to $ 3 0 ; 4 at $ 3 0 to $ 3 5 ; 4 at $ 3 5 to $ 4 0 ; 13 at $ 4 0 to $ 4 5 . Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a., Novem ber 1962) N U M BER OF W O RK ERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E WEEKLY E A RN IN G S OF - A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) Under *65.00 *70.00 and $ 65.00 under 70.00 75.00 $ 75.00 *80.00 *85.00 *9 0 . 0 0 80.00 85.00 90 .00 95.00 $ $ 95 .00 10 0 .0 0 105.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 $ $ 110.00 115.00 115.00 120.00 $ 120.00 $ S $ S S $ $ 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 1 5.5,00 1 60.00 $ 160.00 *165.00 and 165.00 over Men _ _ . _ _ 1 3 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 83.00 80.50 3 16 14 13 8 29 29 7 16 15 14 10 3 6 1 01.00 1 1 2 2 3 2 7 2 1 5 7 4 Draftsm en, senior __ _____________________ Manufacturing ---------- ---------------- ---------Nonmanufacturing __ _____________ Public utilities 2 _________________ 131 85 46 41 40 .0 40 .0 40 .0 40 .0 $1 29 .5 0 124.50 138.50 140.00 D raftsm en, junior ______ _____ __________ Manufacturing ___ _____________________ 106 95 40 .0 40 .0 60 47 39.5 40 .0 103.00 - 7 7 18 17 7 7 - 1 1 5 5 1 1 - - 10 4 8 3 _ 10 2 5 2 " 9 8 1 1 2 - 4 3 5 17 15 18 12 7 - 10 10 5 7 8 -----5 2 1 6 5 5 10 8 4 1 1 8 8 2 - 4 _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ - _ 3 — r i i i 1 3 - - 1 1 3 3 Women N u rses, industrial (registered) _________ Manufacturing ---------------- -------- ---------- 1 2 _ 4 4 6 6 3 _ _ _ _ _ 3 ~ ~ ■ “ * Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. _ " Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-tim e weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., Novem ber 1962) 1 Average 1 weekly j earni ngs (Standard) Number of Occupation and industry d ivision Occupation and industry division Nonmanufacturing B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) ----------------- 6 2.5 0 75.5 0 58.50 109 --------25 83 t A rla<5<, ^ ----------------------------------------------------- 73 31 42 Bookkeeping-m achine o p era to rs, c la s s B --------------Manufacturing _______________________________________ Nonm ^nnf^rtnring . . .. .... 228 28 200 U*Manufa^furing Nonmanufacturing , cc 94.5 0 106.50 9 0.0 0 9 3.00 .. 739 128 611 189 73.00 8 6.50 70.00 8 1.5 0 —— ------------------------------------------ 105 96 41 80.00 80.00 9 8.50 331 46 285 63.00 67.00 62.0 0 94 76 w ° f .lo ^ cc ... . 131 --------35 95 82.00 90.50 7 9.00 ----------------------------. ... A g 2 i^VlDllC Utl iltl CS -------- — C.le r k s , file , r la « s B ^/fSTnif^rtnring . . .. . _ ! g r'.]op]rB f i ] P r ] ^ c c r*. Nonmanufactuxing ___________________________________ ___________________________________________ r.lsrlcs, payroll . . ..____ _________________- — - ---------------- • - - — _ _____ ____ _____ _____________ _ N n n m a ^ i f a ^t g r . n n 0 13, UT ir\xoiic a tilities 2 ' -------------------------------• ^ u ------------------- 53 38 185 74 1 11 26 80.00 85.00 76.50 8 4.50 earnings1 (Standard) 78.00 89.0 0 70.0 0 226 32 194 91 7 0.00 6 7.50 7 0.00 8 1.00 Public utilities 2 __________________________________ 177 154 40 56.50 56.00 7 0.50 S ec reta ries ______________________________________________ M a rm farh irin g Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ Public utilities 2 __________________________________ 912 351 561 155 8 8.5 0 9 0 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 108.00 Stenographers, general ----------------------------- „ ------------------------------Manufacturing _________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ _______________________ Public u tilit ie s 2 __________________________________ 642 234 408 162 7 7.0 0 7 4.5 0 78.5 0 97.5 0 ---------------------- ------------------------------------ Keypunch op erators, c la s s B Manufacturing -------------------------------------. ________ _ __ Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Office boys and g ir ls Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 127 47 80 $ 6 6 .5 0 6 7.50 6 5.50 _____________ 41 9 9.0 0 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B _____________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ 158 35 123 85.00 98.00 8 1.50 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss C -------------------Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ 96 79 65.0 0 62.0 0 T ran scrib in g-m achin e operator s , general ---------------Manufacturing _______ _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ 106 27 79 66.50 67.0 0 66.0 0 T yp ists, c la ss A _________________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________________________ Public u tilitie s 2 ___________________________________ 203 40 163 31 68.50 75.50 6 6.50 73.00 Typ ists, c la ss B _______________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ Public utilities 2 ___________________________________________ 443 73 370 45 59.00 6 5.50 58.00 6 9.50 D raftsm en , senior ________________________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ___________________________________ 132 85 47 42 129.50 124.50 138.00 139.00 __________________________________________________ 108 95 8 3.00 8 0.5 0 N u rses, industrial (registered) -------------------------------------------Manufacturing __________________________________________________ 60 47 101.00 103.00 Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists ---------------------------Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ 66.5 0 65.5 0 108 46 62 Manufacturing ___________________________________ ------------------------- ----------------------------------------2 ________________________________ __________ Switchboard operators --------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________ ____ ______________ Public utiliH p « ^ ............ ............. . E arnings relate to regular stra igh t-tim e weekly salaries that are paid for standard w orkweeks. Tran sportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. $ 6 6 .5 0 6 6.00 6 6 .5 0 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss A ___________________________________ Stpr ngrap l'p r s, spninr nrHftr X nmanuiactu ring T f ' g . No 167 52 115 51.50 51.00 n Ca Nonmanufacturing -------------------PiiK lir ^ <e ^ = * r i 62.0 0 67.5 0 “ 61.50 419 115 304 145 ^ le r k s a-^^unting -]=><== A Manufacturing _______________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________ uti li ti p c ^ ^ 7 1.50 7 4.50 6 9.00 Number of workers O ffice occupations— Continued Duplicating-m achine operators Nonmanufacturing . Occupation and industry division D raftsm en , junior Manufacturing $ 6 6 .5 0 64.5 0 38 33 ,, earnings1 (Standard) 1 O ffice occupations----Continued O ffice occupations _ Number of workers 220 69151 49 155 27 128 31 8 2.5 0 88.0 0 80.0 0 8 5.5 0 6 5 .0 0 8 0.00 6 1 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 P rofession al and technical occupations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a,, Novem ber 1962) NUM BER OF WORKERS R E CE IVIN G.STR A IGH T-TIM E HOURLY E A RN ING S OF— Occupation and industry division wnrta, $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Av g era n 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 *1.90 * 2 . 0 0 2 .1 0 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.5 0 h ourly , Under 1 . 1 0 earnin 1 * gs and and under 1 .1 0 3.00 3.10 3 .2 0 3.30 3.40 3.50 ove r 2 .10 2 .20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2 . 9 0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 . 0 0 1.20 Ca rpe nte r s . m a int ena no e _______________ Manufacturing ___ _____ ____ _______ ..._____ Nonmanufacturing __ __________________ 96 67 29 $ 2.77 2.85 2.59 E lectrician s, maintenance __ . . . _________ Manufacturing ___ _______________________ 220 3.04 3.04 2 - - 2.64 2.67 F irem en , stationary boiler ______________ Manufacturing __________ ______________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 92 1.96 66 26 2.07 1.70 28 9 5 4 - H elpers, maintenance trades ___________ Manufacturing __________________________ 193 141 2.31 2.28 ~ 5 4 - 3.03 3.03 M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ____________________________ Manufacturing ___ ____________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 3 ___________________ 269 43 226 169 2.40 2.32 2.41 2.52 M echanics, maintenance _________________ Manufacturing ___ ____________________ 429 405 78 77 86 67 101 10 0 3.14 3.14 ! 1 - 1 1 : 1 l 8 - - - “ 4 4 - . 1 1 1 h 1 . . 13 3 ~ - 4 3 - " 13 8 12 5 3 1 “ - 3 - M achinists, maintenance _________________ Manufacturing _______ ________ ______ 16 Sheet-m etal w ork ers, maintenance Manufacturing . . ................ ____ _ 6 2 3 7 5 2 8 8 11 1 1 6 - . - 6 6 6 6 9 9 - - 4 1 2 3 2 82 82 - 7 7 4 3 14 14 3 3 6 6 „ - . - - - - - - 3 3 2 2 19 - _ 4 4 - - - 6 i i . 14 - 2 " 59 59 53 44 10 10 2 2 1 1 6 6 6 37 5 „ 7 - - 2 _ 2 - 2 1 1 11 1 6 2 - - - 12 - - - - ~ " 2 2 26 13 16 16 30 27 4 4 2 ' 8 1 33 5 28 28 16 - - 7 7 2 - 12 - 31 - 16 16 5 5 13 13 37 34 22 22 4 4 2 2 2 2 30 30 - 6 2 1 3 " 3 3 2 1 1 1 - - . . 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 - 3 9 1 3 1 - 5 5 5 . _ Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $ 0 .8 0 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 4 at $ 0 ,9 0 to $ 1; 1 at $ 1 to $ 1 .1 0 . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 6 - 21 21 1 - - - 1 35 . 22 " . 1 1 14 14 - 1 2 - - - - 2 " _ “ . . _ _ _ • " “ ~ ■ 22 22 63 63 2 2 1 01 3 „ 101 - " 7 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - - 63 4 59 46 “ " - 25 25 25 20 20 " - 137 137 14 14 " 150 134 7 7 - " " " - 7 7 5 4 1 " 42 42 5 4 - - 9 9 12 - 2 2 5 5 _ 1 1 1 1 - “ - 14 10 . - - “ - . - - 1 „ 5 4 . 2 - - " ___ 1 2 3 1 43 43 7 - 3 3 49 40 9 5 4 5 8 - 10 10 4 4 15 - 2 - - 2 2 2 6 3 5 4 - . - 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 ' ' 2.86 2 .02 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 8 6 2 - - 4 4 7 4 3 6 5 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 . - 3 2 3.15 3.15 42 42 1 " 2.69 2.89 P ip efitters, maintenance ________ ______ Manufacturing ___ _________ _____ __ ' 2 .0 2 P ainters, maintenance ____ __ ______ ____ Manufacturing _______ _____ _________ 1 - 2.87 O ilers _______________________________________ Manufacturing ___ ____________________ j 2 2 74 55 220 - . " Engineers, stationary ________ _________ Manufacturing __________________________ 224 - 2 - " 12 1 1 _ * - " " 78 77 33 33 “ - 9 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., N ovem ber 1962) NUM BER OF W ORKERS R E CEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E HOURLY EARN INGS OF— O ccup ation 1 and industry division N ber um of w orkers E levator op era to rs, p assen ger (women) ____________ _____ _____ ______ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 45 43 271 167 Guards and watchmen ____________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Watchmen ____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______ _____________ 122 104 J anitors, p o r te r s, and c lean ers (men) ___________________________________ ___ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 3 ______________ _____ 895 417 478 10 0 Janitors, p o r te r s, and clean ers (women) ____________ ________________ __ Manufacturing _______ _______._________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ L a b o r e rs, m aterial handling _________ __ Manufacturing _______ _________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 3 _ _____ _____ __ Order fille r s _______________________________ Manufacturing __________ _____________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 222 60 162 1, 168 662 506 167 281 78 203 $ $ Average $ 0.50 0.60 0.70 h rly ou earnings2 and under .80 .70 .60 $ 0.85 .84 1.88 2.04 1.76 1.63 1.50 1.73 1.30 1.76 1.25 1.38 .0 0 0 .9 0 1.00 1.10 1.20 $ 1.30 l.no 1.10 .1 . 2 0 1.30 1.40 $ $ $ 17 17 - - - 12 6 ~ " ■ 12 4 . - . - 5 5 . - . - " - 4 4 39 13 13 26 11 0 10 100 - 2 2 5 $ s $ $ $ $ 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1 . 9 0 1.50 1.60 7 3 3 4 15 13 6 11 6 4 29 24 24 5 11 2 87 45 42 5 117 35 82 17 60 32 28 70 35 35 10 21 95 79 16 4 1 1 9 17 17 4 4 - 54 54 ~ ~ • " " - - 13 13 - - - 37 37 73 31 42 26 16 23 4 19 26 26 2 1 " 1 . - . - . - 4 4 166 31 135 “ 194 79 115 90 58 32 32 26 24 23 6 1 20 ” 1 28 28 43 - 2 2 44 - 23 5 18 - - 2.00 " " ■ 1.82 - 1.71 . ~ " " ■ ' . . _ . . ■ “ " 10 P a c k e rs, s h ip p in g __ __ __ _____________ Manufacturing _______ __ _____________ 138 69 1.52 1.76 Receiving clerk s __ Manufacturing _______________________ _ Nonmanufacturing ______ _____________ 98 55 43 2.15 2.36 1.89 - - - - - - - " " “ " - ' “ 5 5 Shipping clerk s _ _ Manufacturing 83 2.11 2.18 - - - - " " 53 30 2.16 2.13 T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 __ _________ __ __________ Manufacturinp .. _ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 3 _______________ ____ 1, 206 1.88 305 901 465 1.71 1.94 2.30 1 42 " Shipping and receiving clerk s ___________ Manufacturing __________________________ 2 42 _ 62 .... .. _ .. See footnotes at end of tabl e. " ■ 18 21 1 _ - . - - - - 7 7 35 10 271 6 l 25 210 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 2.50 2 . 6 0 2 .2 0 2.30 2.10 2 .2 0 2.30 2.40 7 4 4 3 25 16 55 46 43 9 6 10 5 1 1 1 2 1 5 9 3 " 116 11 6 38 38 29 26 5 3 lb - - - ~ - - 1 1 - 47 42 5 - - 2 .0 0 2.40 2.50 2 .60 22 2 37 27 6 - 7 7 " 18 14 4 3 3 3 9 - 7 16 2 2 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 9 - - - - - - - - - " " - _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - " - - - - “ - - 9 9 8 - ~ ~ 14 71 59 11 37 33 4 4 159 28 131 82 30 18 - 5 5 59 - - - - ' 12 ~ 59 2 " . _ „ 20 8 192 1 9 7 13 10 18 3 15 7 1 1 11 11 5 5 201 " - " 111 87 24 23 - 14 14 8 8 - - 1 6 2 " 14 4 4 4 7 7 1 1 9 4 113 3 2 12 " 23 - " _ 21 - - 2 44 - 1 1 5 3 8 20 " 1 1 25 13 13 “ 11 11 33 _ 3 3 1 6 3 3 5 _ 3 11 7 12 27 24 3 3 8 - 1.90 $ $ 2 .10 5 3 14 . 1.80 $ 2 .0 0 2 28 28 12 1.70 $ 2 12 1.66 2.10 $ 6 6 1 .2 1 1.71 1.59 $ 0.80 70 59 11 1 67 31 36 29 " 2 28 28 2 2 31 9 4 22 1 1 6 6 8 8 2 2 5 5 5 4 9 3 5 5 7 7 " " 1 6 - 10 10 1 1 11 10 13 7 3 3 1 1 21 25 2 3 3 _ 12 1 11 " 11 - 29 13 16 16 1 61 94 26 1 - 3 3 68 68 1 1 - 202 14 188 172 11 7 - - 3 3 " 15 146 65 - 3 3 22 18 4 - - " - - 7 7 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 3 2 3 3 - - - - 104 - - - 104 104 - 10 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., N ovem ber 1962) NUM BER OF W ORKERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E HOURLY EA RN IN G S OF— O ccup ation 12 and industry division , Average 0.50 50 .6 0 $0.7 0 $0.8 0 $0 . 9 0 hourly earning*c and under .70 .80 .90 1 . 0 0 .60 N ber um of W orker* $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ , 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1 .70v 1.80 1 . 9 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 1 0 2 .20 2.3 0 2.4 0 2.5 0 2 . 6 0 2.7 0 2 .8 0 2 . 9 0 3.0 0 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 9 9 9 11 7 8 7 6 45 41 4 1.70 1.90 1,60 2 .0 0 2.10 2 .20 2.30 2.4 0 2.5 0 2.60 2.7 0 2.8 0 2.9 0 - - 3.00 3.1 P Truckdriver s: 4> Continued — T ru ck d rivers, light (under 1 1 fi tons) __ ____ ____ ___ _________ ______ Nonmanufacturing ___ - __ ______ *___ 196 177 T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) _____- _______________ Manufacturing ___ _______ _____ ___ Nonmanufacturing ___________ __ Public u tilities 3 ________________ 625 i9^ 431 270 T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) ________——— ; ---- ^ -----Manufacturing __________ ____ ____ __ Nonmanufacturing __ ____ __ ________ ‘PnVilir' iifiliti Ac ^ ........................ T ru ck ers, power (forklift) __ _________ ___ Manufacturing _______ ________________ _ Nonmanufacturing __________ ____ ______ 1 2 3 4 $ : 1.90 - - - - - 6 4 “ ~ " ' ■ b 14 14 14 1.93 10 1 1.78 - - - - - 1 21 8 20 7 14 " " " “ ~ " _ 12 11 1 34 10 11 156 33 123 15 - - - “ - - - - - - - 7 7 2 1.62 1.86 2 .2 0 242 26 2.30 216 193 2.35 2.43 319 257 62 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.86 3 - - - - Data lim ited to men w orkers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all d rivers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated. - - - 2 1 and late shifts. 24 24 1 2 1 - - - 8 8 2 2 1 - 5 5 47 32 15 42 36 28 16 6 12 21 21 9 9 - 53 23 30 29 14 13 10 103 9 12 1 1 1 1 91 91 6 6 7 7 - 6 6 - 88 5 5 2 2 88 3 81 - 1 5 3 1 3 24 24 2 2 - 72 72 2 2 15 15 ■ - 39 37 2 - 2 2 - - 82 81 6 22 43 67 1 2 - 9 13 13 2 1 66 66 - 2 41 41 1 1 - _ - - ~ ' " 5 26 1 1 - _ - - - - 19 19 - - 2 2 - 13 - 13 1 - - - - - 2 - 20 _ - 20 20 84 84 84 6 6 - - - Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety o f payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability o f occupational content, die Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices^ learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (hilling machine)— ses a special billing ma U chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number o f carbon cop ies o f the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B— Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set o f records usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping m achine)-U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry o f figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge o f book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 11 12 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G -C o n tin u e d payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting and closin g journal entries; and may direct class B a c counting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in office s in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A — an established filing system containing a number In of varied subject matter file s, cla ssifie s and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B— Sorts, cod es, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly cla ssified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. C L E R K , ORDER Receives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow uporders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original o rd ^ s. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Class C— Performs routine filing of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e .g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 13 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class /l — Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application o f coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B— Under clo s e supervision or following sp e cific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follow s sp ecified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and d is tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information o f superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain file s, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain file s, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Wofk requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge o f general busi ness and office procedures and o f the specific business operations, organization, p o licie s, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup file s; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 14 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls. May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, e tc ., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions o f a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A— Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences o f long and com plex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group o f tabulating-machine operators. Class B— Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts o f a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecia lized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssifie d as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make co p ie s o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerica l work involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A— Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spellin g, syllabication, punc tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing o f com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B— Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p ol ic ie s , etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 15 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types o f drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction o f a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, e le c trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gen cies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, e tc., to scale by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength o f materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation o f plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 16 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types o f machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety o f pre cision measuring instruments; selectin g feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to clo s e toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working 17 M ACH IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d M ILLW RIG H T properties o f the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for Ms work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. 1ft general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or sp ecia lized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and- experience usually a c quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for die production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and .experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssifica tion are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of-mechanical equipment o f an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge o f surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in flftjl holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May nnx colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consisten cy. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written sp ecification s; cutting various siz e s o f pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 18 P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d S H E E T -M E T A L W O RK ER, M A IN T E N A N C E -C o n tin u e d and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and siz e of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; g&ge maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other sp ecification s; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop to o ls, gages, jig s , fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecifica tion s; using a variety o f tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating o f machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assem bling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; and se le ctin g appro priate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an o ffice building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine p olice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and ch eck on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. 19 PACKER, SHIPPING JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who sp ecia lize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp e cific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size , and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing o f items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size o f container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one'or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. sible for incoming shipments o f merchandise or other materials. ping work involves: routes, Ship A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records o f the goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work involves: May Receiving Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: R eceiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 20 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver •salesmen and over^the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled ga soline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials o f all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s iz e s listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under l 1 tons) ^ Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d by type o f truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1963 O - 672578
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