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87th Congress, 1st Session Occupational Wage Survey WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS JUNE 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-82 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner 87th Congress, 1st Session Occupational Wage Survey WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS JUNE 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-82 August 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S E w a n C lo g u e , C o m m issio n e r For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually conducts occupational wage surveys in 82 labor markets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report furnishing trend data and average earnings is released within a month of the completion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the preliminary report. Introduction ______________________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups _________________________ Tables: 1. 2. This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau's re gional office in Boston, M ass., by Leo Epstein, under the direction of Paul V. Mulkern, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. B: 3 3 Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and women ______________________ A -2. Professional and technical occupations—men and women ________________________________________________ A -3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—men and women combined __________________ A -4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations _________________ A -5 . Custodial and material movement occupations ___________ 1 Establishment practices and supplementary wageprovisions:* B -l. Shift differentials __________________________________________ B-2. Minimum entrance salariesfor women office workers ___ B-3. Scheduled weekly hours ___________________________________ B-4. Paid holidays ______________________________________________ B-5. Paid vacations _____________________________________________ B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans ____________________ 12 13 14 15 16 18 5 7 o o A: Establishments and workers within scope ofsurvey _____________ Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups _____________________________________________ 00 Two bulletins, bringing together the results of all of the area surveys, are issued after completion of the final area bulletin in the current round of surveys. The first of these bulletins will be available late in 1962 and the other early in 1963. During the survey year, summary releases presenting areawide occupational earnings data for 25 to 30 labor markets, are issued as data become available. 1 4 Appendixes: A. Changes in occupational descriptions ____________________________ B. Occupational descriptions ________________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available in previous area reports for Worcester and for other major areas. A directory indicating the areas, dates of study, and prices of these reports is available upon request. Current reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage provisions in the Worcester area are also available for the machinery industries (April 1962). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for seven selected building trades. iii 19 21 Occupational Wage Survey—Worcester, Mass. Introduction to the w ork sch e d u le s (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h alf h ou r) fo r which stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s are paid; a v era g e w eek ly earn in g s fo r these occu p a tio n s have b een roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . T h is a r e a is 1 o f 82 la bor m arkets in w hich the U .S . D e partm en t o f L a b o r 's B u rea u o f L a b or S ta tistics has con d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and rela ted wage b en efits on an a r e a w ide b a s is . In this a r e a , data w ere obtained by p e rso n a l v is its o f B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r ep resen ta tiv e estab lish m en ts within six b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M anufacturing; tra n sp orta tion , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r public u tilitie s ; w h olesale trad e; reta il tra d e; fin a n ce, in s u r a n ce , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jor in du stry grou ps e x clu d e d fr o m these stu d ies are g overn m en t op era tion s and the c o n stru c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u strie s . E sta blish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m ber o f w o rk e r s are om itted a ls o b e c a u se they tend to fu rn ish in su ffic ie n t em p loym en t in the o ccu p a tion s studied to w a rra n t in c lu s io n . S ep a ra te tabulations are provid ed f o r ea ch o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s w hich m eet p u blica tion c r it e r i a . A v e ra g e e a rn in g s o f m en and w om en a re p resen ted sep a ra tely fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s in w hich both s e x e s are c o m m o n ly e m p loy ed . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p a tion s are la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n o f the se x e s am ong in d u strie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d , although the o c cu p a tio n s a re a p p ro p ria te ly c la s s ifie d within the sa m e su rv e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in length o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a re a d ju sted on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h ig h er av erag e pay when both s e x e s a re e m p lo y e d w ithin the sam e rate ra n ge. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese su r v e y s are u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u se d in in dividu al esta b lish m en ts to a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific duties pe r fo r m e d . T h e se su r v e y s a re con d u cted on a sam ple b a sis b eca u se o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rveyin g all e sta b lis h m e n ts. T o obtain op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g re a te r p r o p o rtio n o f la rg e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is studied. In com bin in g the data, h ow e v e r , all e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e given th eir ap p rop ria te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a se d on the esta b lis h m e n ts studied are p resen ted , th e r e fo r e , as r e latin g to a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the in du stry grou pin g and a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e studied. O ccu p a tion a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in all e sta b lish m en ts w ithin the sc o p e o f the study and not the num ber actu a lly su r v e y e d . B e ca u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tio n a l stru ctu re am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s o f occu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t obtained fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stud ied s e r v e on ly to in dicate the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied . T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u pational s tru ctu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in gs data. O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in gs The o ccu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study are co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u factu rin g and nonm an ufacturin g in d u stries. O ccu p a tion a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s cr ip tio n s d esig n ed to take a cco u n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a ria tion in duties w ithin the sam e jo b . (See ap pendix f o r lis tin g o f these d e s c r ip t io n s .) E arn in gs data a re p r e se n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b les) fo r the follow in g types o f o c c u pation s: (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c) m a in te n an ce and p o w e r plant; and (d) cu stod ia l and m a teria l m o v e m e n t. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u pplem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form a tion is p re se n te d (in the B - s e r i e s tables) on s e le cte d esta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry ben efits as they relate to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The c o n c e p t " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this b u lletin , in clu d es w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v iso r y w o rk e r s p e r fo rm in g c l e r i c a l o r re la te d fu n ctio n s, and e x clu d e s adm in is tr a tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o rk e r s (including le a d m en and tr a in e e s ) en ga ged in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s. A d m in istra tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e -a c c o u n t co n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a re u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w ork fo r c e a re ex clu d ed . C a fe te r ia w o rk e r s and route m en a r e e x clu d e d in m anu factu ring in d u s t r ie s , but a re in clu d ed as p la n tw o r k e r s in nonm an ufacturin g in d u strie s . O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t and earn in gs data a re shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ire d to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly s c h e d ule in the g iv en o c cu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a tio n . E arn in gs data e x clu d e p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts . N on p rod u ction bon u ses a re ex clu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in cen tiv e earn in gs are in clu ded . W here w eek ly h ou rs a re r e p o r t e d , as f o r o ffic e c le r i c a l o ccu p a tio n s, r e fe r e n c e is 1 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a re lim ite d to m anu factu ring in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p re se n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o l i c y , 1 p r e se n te d in te r m s o f total plant w o rk e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c tiv e p r a c t ic e , p re se n te d in te r m s o f w o rk e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y . In e sta b lis h m e n ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity w as u sed ‘o r , if no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n " o t h e r " w as u se d . In e sta b lish m en ts in w hich som e la te sh ift h ou rs a r e paid at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n tia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly i f it ap p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u r s . M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s (table B -2 ) rela te on ly to the e sta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h ey a re p r e se n te d in te r m s o f e s t a b lis h m en ts with fo r m a l m in im u m s a la r y p o lic ie s . The sch ed u led h ou rs (table B -3 ) o f a m a jo r ity o f the f i r s t sh ift w o rk e r s in an esta b lis h m e n t a re tabulated as applying to a ll o f the plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s o f that esta b lis h m e n t. P a id h o lid a y s; paid v a ca tio n s ; and h ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans (ta bles B -4 through B - 6 ) a re tre a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r ity o f su ch w o rk e r s a re e l i g ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . Sum s o f in dividu al ite m s in ta b les B -3 through B - 6 m a y n ot equal totals b e c a u se o f roun din g. The f i r s t part o f the paid h olid a y s table (table B -4 ) p re se n ts the n u m ber o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a ctu a lly p ro v id e d . The se co n d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h olid a y s to show total h olid a y t im e . The su m m a ry o f v a ca tio n plans (table B -5 ) is lim ite d to f o r m a l p o li c ie s , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l a rra n g em en ts w h e re b y tim e o ff with pay is gra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep arate estim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c tic e in c o m p u tin g . v a ca tion p a ym en ts, su ch as tim e p a ym en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H o w e v e r, in the tabulations o f v a ca tio n pay, pay m en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re so c o n v e rte d ; fo r e x a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e r ce n t o f annual e a rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the eq u ivalen t o f 1 w e e k 's pay. Data a r e p resen ted fo r a ll health, in s u r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans (ta b le B -6 ) fo r w hich at lea st a p a rt o f the c o s t is b orn e by the e m p lo y e r , exceptin g on ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o rk m e n 's c o m p e n sa tion , s o c ia l se c u rity , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such plans in clu de th ose u nderw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n y and th ose p r o v id ed through a union fund o r pa id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t operatin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e fo r this p u rp o s e . D eath ben efits a r e in cluded as a fo r m o f life in su ra n ce . S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su r a n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ra n ce under w hich p r e d e te r m in e d ca sh p a ym en ts a re m ade d ir e c t ly to the in su red on a w eekly o r m on th ly b a s is du rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In form ation is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch plans to w hich the e m p lo y e r con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New Y o rk and New J e r s e y , w hich have en acted te m p o ra ry d is a b ility in su ra n ce law s w hich r e q u ire e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s ,2 plans a r e in clu d ed o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly re q u ire d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e with ben efits w hich e x ce e d the r e q u ire m e n ts o f the law . Tabulation.8’ o f pa id s ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 3* w hich p r o v id e fu ll pa y o r a p r o p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 's pay du ring a b se n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S eparate ta bu la tion s a r e p r e s e n te d a c c o r d in g to (1) plans w hich p r o v id e full pay and no w aiting p e r io d , and (2) plans w hich p ro v id e eith er p a rtia l pa y o r a w aiting p e r io d . In ad dition *to the p re se n ta tio n o f the p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a ccid en t in su ra n ce o r paid s ic k le a v e , an u ndu plicated total is show n o f w ork ers who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both types o f b e n e fits. Catastrophe in su ra n ce, s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as exten ded m e d ic a l in su ra n ce, in clu des th ose plans w h ich a r e d esig n ed to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ick n e ss and in ju ry in v olv in g ex p e n s e s beyon d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liza tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. M e d ic a l in su ran ce r e fe r s to pla n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a rtia l paym en t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d erw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l in su ran ce com p a n ies o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . Tabulations o f r e tir e m e n t p e n sio n plans a r e lim ite d to th ose plans that p r o v id e m on th ly p a ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 The te m p o ra ry d is a b ility la w s in C a lifo r n ia and Rhode Island do not req u ire e m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n s. 3 An esta b lish m en t was c o n s id e r e d as having a fo r m a l plan i f it esta b lish ed at le a s t the m in im u m n u m ber o f da ys o f s ic k le a v e that 1 An e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a p o lic y if it m et cou ld be ex p ected b y ea ch e m p lo y e e . Such a pla n n eed not be w ritten , e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s: (1) O p era ted late sh ifts at the tim e but in fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n ce s , d e te rm in e d on an in dividu al b a s is , o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late s h ifts . w e re exclu ded. 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in W orcester, Mass. Workers in establishments Number of establishments Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Within scope of study 3 Studied - — 50 253 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------______ ________ _______ _____ Nonmanufacturing __ _ _ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 3 _____ ________ ______________________________ Wholesale trade ____________ ____ _ _ __________ ____ Retail trade __ ___ ____ ___ _ ______ ____ — -----Finance, insurance, and real estate ____________________ Services -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Industry division A ll divisions _ --- ----------------- -------------- _ -------- by major industry division, 2 June 1962 Within scope of study Studied T otal4 Office 86 60, 600 8, 800 43,000 37, 270 159 94 47 39 45, 600 15,000 4, 900 3, 900 34,500 8, 500 27, 720 9, 550 12 9 49 17 7 9 5 13 8 4 3, 700 700 6, 100 3, 900 600 2, 500 3, 310 420 2, 420 2, 900 500 500 (*) 0 ( ) (M Total4 Plant 0 ( ) ( ) (6) 1 The W orcester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Worcester City; and Auburn, Berlin, Boylston, Brookfield, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oxford, Shrewsbury, Spencer, Sutton, Upton, Westborough, and West Boylston towns in W orcester County, M ass. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since ( 1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a l l industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in W orcester, .M ass., June 1961 to June 1962, and June I960 to June 1961 Industry and occupational group June 1961 to June 1962 June I960 to June 1961 A ll industries: Office clerical (men and women) __ __ __ _____ ___ Industrial nurses (men and women) ____ Skilled maintenance (men) ___ ____________________________ Unskilled plant (men) __ __ __ _____ _ _ 4.2 5.6 3.2 3.9 3.6 1.1 3.4 4.7 Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women) __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Industrial nurses (men and women) ------------ ----------- ------Skilled maintenance ( m e n ) _________ ______ _________ __ ___ Unskilled plant (men) __ __ ___ __ _ _ _ 4.2 5.6 2 .8 7.0 3.7 1.1 3.4 3.5 4 Wage Trends lor Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. F o r o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r cen ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s fo r n o rm a l h ou rs o f w ork , that is , the standard w ork sch ed u le fo r w hich stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a re paid. F o r plant w o rk e r g rou p s, they m e a s u re ch a n g es in s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s, ex clu din g p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en ds, h olid a y s, and la te sh ifts. The p e r cen ta g es a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c te d k ey o ccu p a tion s and in clu de m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin each g rou p. The o f fic e c le r i c a l data a r e b a se d on m en and w om en in the fo llo w in g 19 jo b s : B ook k eep in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B; c le r k s , accou n tin g , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , file , c la s s A , B, and C; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; C om p tom eter o p e r a t o r s ; keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A and B; o ffic e b o y s and g ir ls ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e ra l; s te n o g r a p h e rs , s e n io r ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ; ta b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u stria l n u rse data a r e b a se d on m en and w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 8 sk ille d m ain ten an ce jo b s and 2 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o rk e r data: Skilled— c a r p e n te rs ; e le c tr ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts ; m e ch a n ics ; m e c h a n ics , a u to m o tiv e ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; and to o l and d ie m a k e rs ; u n sk illed — ja n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; and la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sa l aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an a g gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The p e r ce n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l sa la ry and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by individu al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e su ch a s la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n sio n s , f o r c e red u ction s, and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s em p loy ed by esta b lish m en ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s without actu al w age ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o rtio n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tion and r e s u lt in a d ro p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o rtio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ould h ave the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m ov em en t o f a h igh -p a yin g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u ld ca u se the a v era g e ea rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though n o change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pav for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-tim e hours. The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series. The expansion of the labor market wage survey program in 1961 made data available in 82 areas for the computation of wage trends for selected job groupings. Sixty-one areas were surveyed in I960; prior to I960, coverage was limited to 20 areas. Therefore, it was decided to compute a new trend series in which 1961 will be the base year since this is the first year in which data were collected in all 82 areas. The percents of change shown in table 2 are not comparable with sim ilar data shown for this area in last y e a r's Bulletin 1285-80. The new series intro duces changes in the job groupings for which trends are shown and changes in jobs included in the computations. A: Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, M ass., June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly . Weekly. earnings1 hours (Standard) (Standard) s $ $ $ $ $ $ t $ $ 40. 00 45.00 50. 00 55. 00 lo . 00 ^5. 00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 and and 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Men Clerks, accounting, class A .. Manufacturing _____________ 84 72 40.0 40. 0 M i l . 50 115.50 Clerks, accounting, class B ... Manufacturing _____________ 21 16 40.0 40.0 82.50 87. 00 Clerks, order ------------------------Manufacturing _____________ 55 54 39.5 39.5 101.50 102.00 Office boys ________ Manufacturing__ 41 29 40.0 40.0 Tabulating-machine operators, class A ______________________ 19 Tabulating-machine operators, class B ___ ____________________ Manufacturing -------------- ----- 45 35 - - - - 1 - - - - 2 _ _ _ - - 52.00 53.50 _ - 19 13 39.0 105.00 . 39.5 40. 0 81.50 86. 66 - 2 2 1 1 i 10 2 2 - - . - - 11 10 l i 6 6 7 6 7 1 . 6 2 1 1 ' 3 4 4 6 6 5 5 1 1 3 3 . 1 1 . - - 2 2 2 2 1 1 . - . - . . - - ■ " 8 _ _ . - - - 9 4 6 6 5 4 . - 2 2 _ . . . _ . _ _ _ 1 5 2 4 2 4 1 7 ? 7 6 1 1 ' ' ' ' 6 4 ■ 1 1 ~ 7 " 4 " 2 ' 7 1 ' 10 16 6 6 1 1 . _ _ _ . - - - - - - 6 6 5 5 6 6 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 . _ . _ _ _ . _ _ - • - - - - “ - - 2 3 . . - 10 16 6 6 " " 3 3 10 10 - 13 13 2 ~ 2------ “ 5 - “ ■ " - “ - “ - - ■ Women Billers, machine (billing machine) __ Manufacturing ______________________ 33 l6 38.0 39.5 64. 50 79.66 54 40 38.5 38.0 76.50 82.00 _ _ ■ " Bookkeeping-machine operators, Manufacturing ______________________ Bookkeeping-machine operators, ■ 5 5 1 1 2 " 18 18 ■ ■ 11 11 _ 6 6 ■ 2 2 “ - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 - 2 2 - 1 1 - 15 15 - 5 5 - 1 1 - . 1 1 - _ 2 2 _ _ - - 1 - - _ _ - 1 8 1 7 11 1 10 22 17 5 17 8 9 12 Tl 1 10 1 3 12 7 5 13 13 - 5 1 4 _ 33 13 20 22 14 8 46 18 28 32 20 12 - 8 2 6 6 2 2 - - - _ - - - - 26 2 24 6 1 5 4 3 1 6 6 - 8 3 5 1 2 1 1 _ - 29 22 7 7 _ - 34 22 12 1 2 2 2 2 - 7 6 1 - 3 10 10 42 14 28 25 16 10 14 9 5 14 9 5 12 8 21 16 1 1 1 2 . 6 6 6 6 7 6 5 4 4 4 1 1 l l 39.5 40. 6 38.0 90.00 96.00 76.00 Clerks, accounting, class B --------------Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ Public utilities 2- ________________ 223 124 99 15 39.0 40. 0 37.5 40.0 66.00 66. 50 65.00 84. 50 Clerks, file, class A 3 _______________ Manufacturi ng ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing __________________ 49 17 32 38.0 40. 0 37.0 70.00 81. 50 64.00 Clerks, file, class B 3 _______________ Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ 111 66 61 38.5 40. 0 37. 0 56.00 59. 66 53.00 - - 3 Clerks, file, class C 3 _______________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ 49 31 38.5 37. 5 48. 50 46. 56 12 "12 Clerks, order _________________________ Manufacturing ______________________ 41 38 40.0 40.0 77.50 78. 50 - . 1 - - 1 - . . “ 6 6 152 107 45 . _ 19 12 7 Clerks, accounting, class A __________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing __________________ “ 4 4 12 10 2 - - _ 11 11 59.50 7T:'50 55.00 - - 9 9 39.0 39. 0 39. 0 " - 53 2 51 123 34 89 2 2 _ 8 8 Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ _ 5 5 _ ! 1 See footnotes at end of table. • _ - _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 1 1 1 1 - - _ _ - _ _ - _ - 2 2 - 1 1 _ _ _ 4 4 1 1 . ' ‘ _ _ _ _ 1 3 5 2 2 _ ■ ' 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women-----Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, Mass., June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- A verage S ex, o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly Weekly . 4 0 .0 0 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 *5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ % S $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 and 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 _SL£LQJI 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 L 1 I L M 1 1 5 . M 12Q.QQ 1 2 5 . QQ 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . Qd 1 4 0 .0 0 over. W o m e n — C o n t in u e d C l e r k s , p a y r o l l __ __ _ __ __ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ 158 120 38 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 7 .5 $ 7 0 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 _ C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ____________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ______ __________ __ __ 89 50 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 7 2 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 _ K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A 3 ___________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ 87 72 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 7 3 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 - K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B 3 -----------------M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ 127 44 83 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 7 .5 6 0 .0 0 - 6 2 .0 0 - 5 9 .5 0 53 27 3 8 .0 4 0 .0 5 3 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 S e c r e t a r ie s __ _____ __ _____ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ __ --------- __ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________ 389 276 113 20 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 8 8 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 8 2 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 _ S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l 3 ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______ _____ — _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______ __ _____________ 193 128 65 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 7 2 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n i o r 3 _______________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____ __ _ _______ — __ 85 80 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 3 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 - S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ____ __ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ 65 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 6 7 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 _ 38 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ __________________ ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ 110 90 20 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 6 6 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ 42 30 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 8 4 .0 0 8 9 .0 0 3 8 .0 4 0 .0 3 6 .5 6 3 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 5 6 .0 0 - O ffic e g ir ls _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ~ __ _____ __ __ T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , g e n e r a l __________ __ _____ _____ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______ _____ _____ ___ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __ __ __ _____ ll 106 -------45“ 61 T y p i s t s , c l a s s A _ __ __ _____________ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ 168 62 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ___ _____________ __ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ _____ __ _____ 3 21 2 33 88 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 7 .5 1 6 6 - 3 3 10 5 5 19 13 6 24 21 3 18 17 1 38 27 11 20 15 5 9 7 2 5 5 - 2 2 4 4 2 2 - " 2 - " - 2 4 1 23 4 12 10 15 15 _ - 3 3 _ - 1 1 _ - 17 10 _ - 11 7 _ 6 6 10 10 _ - 2 ------T ~ 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - " _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ - - - ■ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - " _ . - - _ - - _ 2 - - 1 1 25 20 12 12 15 7 15 15 1 1 29 2 27 32 11 21 30 18 12 23 11 12 9 9 2 2 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - " 2 2 - - - - - " - 1 1 17 T 4” 5 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " 29 12 - - - - - - " - - - - - _ 1 _ - - - 1 - 56 45 11 20 “ i r 2 " " " - - 12 2 37 29 8 1 31 - 46 28 18 1 50 - 45 30 15 33 - 16 6 ll _ _ 9 5 4 35 9 26 32 23 9 22 18 4 21 10 11 25 20 5 26 20 6 1 1 _ - 3 3 4 3 3 3 21 19 19 19 14 12 10 10 " 9 9 5 5 2 2 11 7 4 13 5 8 6 2 4 8 6 2 _ _ - - 26 21 5 27 " 25 2 23 15 8 7 7 6 5 - 2 1 1 - - - - 1 2 1 " - - - - - - - 24 6 18 19 10 9 22 11 11 10 25 14 11 28 “ 16 106 91 15 - - - - - - - 18 2 16 _ - 2 2 — 6— - - 4 - 16 6 10 42 80 38 “ 21 ~ n — 10 - TT~ - _ _ _ - ll _ 11 ~ n — - 12 - 1 ------1— - _ 9 9 - _ _ _ - - - - - - - " " - _ _ _ - 18 15 7 - 1 - - 10 io 5 5 _ - 5 5 - 2 2 - - - - - " - " - - 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 - _ - - _ - “ - - " - - 6 4 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - " " _ 3 3 _ 2 2 _ _ > _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 1 14 11 3 “ - - - - - - 4 2 10 4 4 4 8 8 1 1 9 9 - - - - - - - - 15 10 5 5 3 2 1 1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - - - 43 32 2 _ - _ _ - _ - 5 5 5 - 3 - - - - - - - - 12 11 16 4 3 1 _ T5 12 9 3 - Tz - - 2 2 - - - - - - - 79 62 17 22 11 - - - - - - _ - _ _ 11 - 2 - 2 1 - 16 6 3 1 " 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 2 - - - _ - - " - - _ - " ~ - Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. _ - - - - - - 7 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k l y h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , J u n e 1 9 6 2 )1 2 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n of workers $ Weekly. Weekly. U n d er 7 0 .0 0 earnings hours and (Standard) (Standard) $ 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ 5 $ S S $ $ $ S $ S 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 and $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 o v e r M en D r a f t s m e n , l e a d e r __________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ 50 50 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 1 5 6 .5 0 1 5 6 .5 0 _________________ _________ . _ _ _____ __ _ 298 293 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 6 .5 0 1 1 6 .5 0 D ra fts m e n , s e n io r M a n u fa c tu r in g D r a f t s m e n , j u n i o r _ __ __ __ _____ _ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ . . " “ 2 2 2 2 . 2 2 . 14 14 . . • ~ - • 2 2 - - - 7 7 14 14 16 15 24 24 23 22 43 40 18 18 2 6 26 5 5 2 2 2 2 - 5 5 3 3 7 7 4 4 7 7 2 13 13 20 20 42 42 12 12 17 17 9 9 4 4 ! - 1 2 2 - " " - - • 247 239 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 0 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 20 20 27 27 9 9 21 20 35 33 41 40 24 24 42 38 16 T5 4 4 3 3 56 51 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 9 3 .0 0 9 2 .5 0 _ 2 2 5 5 6 6 15 13 6 6 8 7 6 5 2 2 1 . - 5 5 - - _ . . W om en N u r s e s , i n d u s t r i a l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) _________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ 1 2 5 5 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t t h e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 7 a t $ 170 t o $ 1 7 5 ; 6 at $ 1 8 0 t o $ 1 8 5 . 8 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, M ass., June 1962) Number of workers Occupation and industry division Average weekly j earnings (Standard) _ __ _____ _ — Switchboard operator-receptionists--------------------------Manufacturing _____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing __ __ ____ _________________ 58 40 75.50 82.00 89 50 72.00 76.00 T abulating - machine operators, class A ------------------- 21 103.50 Tabulating-machine operators, class B ------------------Manufacturing _ ________ ________ ____________ 87 65 82.50 87.50 Transcribing-machine operators, general __________ Manufacturing __ ____ __ __ __ — ----------------Nonmanufacturing — __ ------------ ------- -------------- 106 45 61 63.00 67.00 60.00 Typists, class A • •• Manufacturing ____ ____ __________________ _ Nonmanufacturing ____________ ___________________ 171 109 62 68.50 69.00 68.00 Typists, class B ------ ------- ---------------------- -------------Manufacturing __-_____ __ -_____________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ —------ 323 234 89 58.50 59.50 56.00 _ ________________ ____ _____________ 50 50 156.50 156.50 Draftsmen, senior __ ------- ------------------------------------Manufacturing _________________ ________________ 298 293 116.50 116.50 Draftsmen, junior _____ Manufacturing ---- __ __________________________ __ — ------------ ------- — — 260 252 89.50 89.50 Nurses, industrial (registered) _ ------- ------------------Manufacturing __ _ __ ------- __ ------- -------------- 59 54 94.00 94.00 244 — Ro 104 16 59.50 71.50 55.00 97.50 104.00 78.00 67.50 69.bo' 65.50 83.00 51 72.00 Clerks, file, class A 3 __________ ___________________ Manufacturing ___ __ __ __ — — __ __ __ __ __ ------ F T " ■“ 86.66 32 64.00 Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ Clerks, file, class B 3 Mannfa rhi Ting ___________ ____________ _ 111 ------ 5(5— 61 56.00 59.66 53.00 Keypunch operators, class A 1 3 _ 2 _______ Manufacturing ____ _____________ _ __ JCftypimrli nparators, class R^ Manufacturing _. __ __ ____ Nonmanufacturing (Vficp bnys and girls Manufacturing _ , , ,, _,t __, 96 92 48.50 46.50 91.50 92.50 _ __ ____ __ _ _ _____ _______ _ ... . ____ fierretarips Nonmanufacturing ___ __ __ ____ _ _ _ _ _ Public utilities2 _ __ ____ — ------- ------- — Stenographers, general 2 ._ ..... . .. Manufacturing __ __ __ ____ — ._ _ — _. _ _________________ Nonmanufacturing _ S te n o g ra p h e rs, Clprlffij fil^r rlase P. ^ 49 Nonmanufacturing ____________ __________________ ------ 3l Clerks, order s e n io r 3 Manufacturing _ ______ __ ________ ____________ _______ Switchboard operators _____________________________ Manufacturing _ ____________ ____ Nonmanufacturing __ ____________________________ 87 72 73.00 74.50 127 44 83 60.00 62.00 59.50 94 ------56 53.00 54.00 394 281 113 20 88.50 91.60 82.00 95.00 193 128 65 72.00 76.00 64.00 85 80 73.50 73.50 66 28 38 67.50 74.00 62.50 Professional and technical occupations Draftsmen, leader ____ __ ____ Manufacturing ____ ___ ____ 1 Earnings are for a regular workweek for which employees receive their straight-time weekly salaries, exclusive of any premium pay. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. $66.50 66.50 65.00 $70.50 71.50 67.00 Olfirlrs, arrminting, class R Manufartn ring ------— no 90 20 Office occupations— Continued 168 129 39 236 ---- 179— 57 - weekly j earnings (Standard) $64.50 “ 79.00 Clerks, accounting, class A _________ ___________ ------- __ Number of 33 16 128 Bookkeeping-machine operators* class B _________ Manufacturing _________________________ ------ 3? 94 Nnnmaniifartiiring Public utilities2 _ _ _ _ _ Occupation and industry division earnings1 (Standard) Office occupations— Continued Office occupations Manufacturing ___ Number of Occupation and industry division 9 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, M ass., June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Occupation and industry division Average hourly . earnings 1 Under $1.70 V s o and $ 1.70 under 1.80 1.90 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 2.00 2.10 - - 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 over 4 6 6 " - 4 - 4 49 T 5 — ---- 4 4 4 5 5 2 2 _ " _ _ 10 10 1 _ 3 3 3 2 3 3 5 5 9 9 7 7 4 4 20 19 21 20 3 3 15 15 9 9 6 6 17 13 9 9 26 19 _ _ " 2 2 17 15 2 10 10 - 2 2 " 13 13 2 1 1 23 18 5 5 4 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - " _ _ " " 24 24 7 7 14 14 18 18 25 25 15 15 10 10 4 4 1 " 11 11 2 2 . . . . . - - " - 10 10 32 32 8 8 11 11 7 7 66 64 15 15 4 4 _ " _ " - _ - 1 1 - _ - 9 9 9 24 2 22 22 1 1 - 2 1 1 " 29 9 20 19 32 10 22 20 _ _ _ - “ " 2 2 6 5 7 5 17 17 15 14 15 15 28 28 14 14 161 l6 l 2.48 2.48 _ Machinists, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing _. ____ __ - ._ __ __ -_ __ 240 237 2.75 2.75 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) ________ Manufacturing __________________________ ___ Nonmanufacturing _ ____ __ _ ____ __ __ Public utilitie s 2 1 ________________________ 102 25 77 72 2.58 2.69 2.54 2.54 Mechanics, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing _ __ __ __ __ ------- __ __ __ 255 245 2.77 2.77 Millwrights __ __ __ __ __ __ __ -_ __ __ __ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 41 40 2.61 .....'2.61 - Oiler s __________________________________________ 75 71 2.34 2.32 2 2 30 27 2.56 2.51 _ 1 1 11 2 2 _ _ _ - - _ _ 2 2 22 22 6 6 4 4 6 6 43 43 _ - 2 2 2 _ " 22 22 9 9 8 8 1 _ _ _ _ - - " 27 27 - 4 4 2 2 2 2 - _ - _ " " _ - 52 52 37 37 23 17 _ _ 2 2 2 2 . . . . - 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 H 10 1 1 8 8 . - 4 4 _ _ 5 5 3 3 2 2 17 17 35 35 3 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 5 5 1 1 _ ! 1 1 _ ~ " 1 1 7 7 4 4 _ 1 2 2 l " . . - - - 5 5 . - - - - - - - - “ ■ • ■ 2 2 4 4 ! 1 4 4 - - 11 11 5 5 8 7 10 10 11 11 1 1 11 11 11 2 2 5 5 52 52 72 72 64 64 1 “ 15 15 1 11 8 8 - " 8 8 _ " - _ " _ . . _ " - . 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 2.80 _ “ Machine-tool operators, toolroom _____ _ __ Manufacturing---------------------------------------------- 2.79 2.79 2.70 5 5 3 3 • 272 272 2.60 34 34 4 4 - __ 2.50 7 7 2.08 2.04 2.18 __ __ __ _ __ _ 2.40 4 4 79 57 22 Tool and die makers __ Manufacturing ____ 2.30 42 42 Helpers, maintenance trades _________________ ___________ Manufacturing __________________ P Nonmanufacturing _ __ __ __ ____ _ ___ 2.81 £.81 2.20 13 13 15 15 41 41 $ 3.50 and 16 15 3 3 Sheet-metal workers, maintenanc e _________________ _______________ Manufacturing ___________ __ _ __ __ __ __ $ 3.40 11 11 1 1 2.87 2.87 $ 3.30 2 1 2.30 2.27 99 98 *3.20 7 7 147 134 Pipefitters, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing __ _• __ __ _ __ _____ __ $ 3.10 8 7 _ Painters, maintenance________________________ Manufacturing __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ $3.00 7 7 _ “ 8 $ 2.90 _ _ Firemen, stationary b o i l e r ___________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- $ 2.80 3 3 ~ 54 53 $ 2.70 2 2 2.73 2.73 Engineers, stationary_________________________ Manufacturing __ __ _______ _____ ._ __ 2.60 14 13 _ 2.93 2.93 $ 2.50 14 14 _ - 213 zoE $ 2.40 22 22 _ ~ Electricians, maintenance ______ __ _. — __ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- $ 2.30 5 5 _ - $2.61 2.54 $2.20 14 14 1 1 109 100 2.10 9 9 " Carpenters, maintenance __ ______ __ __ __ __ Manufacturing ____ __ __ ~ -_ ____ _ — $ ■ “ . . - - _ _ _ _ 2 ■ _ _ _ ■ “ “ _ 32 32 2 2 14 14 _ 2 2 1 1 8 8 1 1 9 9 _ ■ • 20 20 - ■ 11 11 . 1 1 • 10 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, Mass., June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) ______________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ _____ ____ __ Average hourly , $1 .0 0 * 1 .1 0 earnings and under 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 36 36 $ 1 .2 4 1 .2 4 175 160 2 .0 9 2 .1 2 M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . . . ___ _____ — P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ 796 591 205 29 1 .8 1 1 .9 2 1 .4 8 2 .0 1 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s ( w o m e n ) __ __ __ __ _ _ — — M a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ __ __ __ - — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ 107 56 51 1 .4 7 r :" 6 9 " 1 .2 3 Manufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ Public utilities3 _ _ — ................ 689 405 284 104 2 .0 1 1 .8 3 2 .2 6 2 .6 1 Order fillers _____________ ______________ Manufacturing_________ ___ — 84 49 Packers, shipping (men) _______________ Manufacturing _______________________ 216 202 2 .2 2 2 .2 2 Packers, shipping (women) ____________ 2 39 1 .3 1 Receiving clerks _ ____ _ __ — __ _ Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 95 69 26 2 .1 3 2 .2 0 1 .9 4 Shipping c le r k s _____ __ __ _. . . . — Manufacturing _____________________ — 64 58 2 .2 9 2 .3 0 G u a r d s - ____ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g ___ __ __ __ — ~ __ — - . . ___ i 1 i i ! i I i 1 ej, B n> J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g --------------------- Shipping and receiving clerks - __ Manufacturing __ __ __ _ _____ — Truckdrivers4 _______________________________ Manufacturing _____ . __ --------- — Nonmanufacturing _______________________ Public utilities3 _ _ --------- ---- See footnotes at end of table, . - 14 14 * 1 .2 0 * 1 .3 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 18 18 3 3 _ - - " 49 20 29 - 50 2 48 ■ “ 64 22 42 2 1 1 25 25 10 7 3 22 22 6 6 7 7 2 2 - - - “ - - - 49 44 2 .0 2 2 .0 0 504 £25 279 200 2 .3 7 2 .2 3 2 .4 8 2 .6 4 $ 1 .6 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 1 .8 0 -L3.P, 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 $ 1 .7 0 “ j T * 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 48 34 14 2 - 4 4 13 13 31 29 6 3 36 32 11 11 50 45 5 2 51 41 10 1 51 41 10 37 36 1 91 89 2 ~ ” 116 91 25 3 45 44 1 1 86 68 18 18 3 3 7 7 30 30 5 5 - - - - 47 40 7 66 52 14 25 25 83 68 15 47 47 - 29 5 24 100 100 - $ 2 .5 0 . 4 4 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 $ $ 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 * 3 .5 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 8 7 23 21 14 6 14 12 _ 1 1 5 2 3 19 12 7 8 8 19 l6 4 4 3 13 10 3 7 7 “ 11 7 4 2 24 24 5 2 13 12 - 3 3 3 3 ■ - 1 1 . ! - “ - " ■ 1 . 6 6 - 12 12 8 8 - “ . . " “ 5 5 “ ■ 9 6 15 14 7 7 13 7 2 5 15 11 4 17 17 - 15 15 - 21 21 44 8 36 21 15 6 2 8 . 1 “ . 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 . - - - - - - " “ “ ■ “ ■ “ 8 8 7 7 4 4 1 1 _ _ _ ” _ - - - - 2 2 - " ' ' " 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 98 6 6 - 2 2 - 6 6 - 88 39 39 ~ 4 4 9 7 2 2 6 5 - 2 2 20 10 10 10 35 35 “ 2 2 10 6 4 4 3 3 - 6 1 18 7 111 2 “ 4 4 32 29 3 19 15 1 " - ■ 48 ” - 4 12 ~ - 1 34 ■ - ■ 116 . _ - 7 6 26 . ■ - 19 7 6 6 17 17 . - 4 4 14 13 19 18 1 2 .7 0 3 .5 0 over _ _ - - " 6 4 6 6 - 4 4 10 2 12 12 . 22 22 2 2 6 6 . 6 6 26 ■ . - ~W ~ " " . 2 .6 0 “ . - ■ - ■ - 2 .3 0 15 13 . - 2 .2 0 7 ~ ■ " S $ s 2 .3 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 - . 2 .1 0 — T TT $ 1 .5 0 and 2 - 1 .4 0 $ ' n _ 11 - 90 90 - 7 7 - - - - ■ ■ 16 16 _ 8 8 “ 88 88 198 198 _ 1 1 - ■ - - ~ ‘ _ _ _ . . “ ■ “ " “ _ 3 - _ - - - - " 5 5 - 11 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, Mass. , June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGIIT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average $1.00 $1. 10 % 1 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2.60 *2. 70 2. 80 $2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3.20 $3. 30 3.40 3. 50 hourly ? earnings and and under 1.10 1. 20 | 39 1.40 1. 50 1. 60 1,70 1,90 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2.60 2, 70 2,80 2,90 3,00 3. 10 3,20 3. 30 3. 40 3,50 over Truckdrivers: 45 ——Continued Truckdrivers, light (under 11/2 tons) __________________________ _ Manufacturing ____________________ 45 40 $1 .9 6 1.93 - - Truckdrivers, medium ( 1V2 to and including 4 tons) --------- — — Manufacturing -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------ 89 31 58 2. 15 2. 01 2. 22 - - 193 111 105 2. 55 2.61 7. A4 - 131 28 2. 54 2.66 - 89 2.64 Truckers, power (forklift) — — — — _ Manufacturing __ ____ _ _ 135 126 2. 29 2. 30 Truckers, power (other than forklift) ------ ~ — — — — — — -----Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 48 48 2.41 2.41 Watchmen --------- — ------------ — — — _ Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 117 104 1.86 1.85 Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) _______________ — — Pi^Klir lifiliHAO ^ Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) -----------------Manufacturing ____________________ Nonmanufacturing: Public utilities1 3 ---------------------2 1 2 3 4 5 - - 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 21 21 34 3 31 2 2 2 2 ■ " 1 - - - 4 4 81 - 105 105 105 - 2 2 " ■ 12 12 1 1 5 5 89 ■ 1 J - 2 4 - 2 2 - - - - - 8 5 5 - 2 2 2 2 5 5 2 2 10 10 1 25 25 2 2 10 10 - 5 5 10 5 13 13 - - - 6 6 5 5 6 6 4 4 1 - 8 8 2 2 20 20 19 19 36 27 17 17 1 1 _ 7 7 6 6 23 23 _ ! 1 5 2 21 21 38 38 7 D a t a l i m i t e d t o m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w i s e in d i c a t e d . E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la t e s h i f t s . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . I n c lu d e s a ll d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a te d . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 1 a t $ 3 .5 0 t o $ 3 . 6 0 ; 1 a t $ 3 . 6 0 t o $ 3 . 7 0 ; 2 a t $ 3 . 7 0 t o $ 3 . 8 0 ; 1 a t $ 3 . 8 0 t o $ 3 . 9 0 . " - - 4 4 - - - ■ " ■ 1 " ~ . 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 2 2 1 1 - " _ - - " 2 2 - 1 " 1 2 2 16 16 1 2 2 1 _ _ " - _ " _ " _ - - - ■ " 5 55 6 6 " - 12 B: E stab lishm ent P ractices and Supplem entary W age P rovision s Tabic B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of differential, W orce ste r, M a ss. , June 1962) Percent of manufacturing plant w orkers— In establishm ents having formal provisions 1 for— Shift differential Second shift work --------------------------------------------------- — 82. 5 With shift pay differential ------------------------------------ Total ------------- Third or other shift work Actually working on— Second shift Third or other shift 7 0 .5 13. 5 3. 1 76. 7 7 0 .5 1 2.7 3. 1 ----------------------------- 5 2 .9 4 1 .1 7 .7 1 .4 4 cents ------------------------------------------------ — — 5 cents -____________ ______ _________ __ _____ _ 7 cents ----------------------------------------------------------8 cents ----------------------------------------------------------10 cents — — ------------- -------- — ------- — 103/ 4 cents — ------- — ------------------------ __ 12 cents -------------------------------------------------------15 cents -------------------------------------------------------- 1. 3 1 6 .0 4. 5 5 .9 2 1 .7 1. 5 2 .0 - 2 1 .6 5 .9 9 .5 .4 1 .4 .8 .5 3 .9 .4 .4 - -------- 2 3 .8 2 9 .3 5 .0 1 .6 5 percent ____________________________________ 7 percent ------------ — — — __ ------------- __ 10 percent ---------------------------------------------------- 2. 1 2 .4 19. 3 .8 .2 4. 1 1 .6 Uniform cents (per hour) Uniform percentage --------- No shift pay differential ------ ------------------ -------- ------------------ 5. 7 1 Includes establishm ents currently operating late shifts, even though they were not currently operating late shifts. . 2 .8 1.3 - - 2 9 .3 _ . 1 .2 - .6 .3 .2 - .8 and establishm ents with form al provisions covering late shifts 13 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minim um entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, W o rc e s te r, M a ss. , June 1962) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing M inim um weekly s a la r y 1 A ll industries I 40 A ll schedules 37 V2 Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours 3 ofA ll schedules Other inexperienced cle ric a l w o rk e rs2 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 o fA ll schedules 40 40 A ll schedules 37 V2 40 E stablishm ents studied ----------------------------------------------------------- 86 47 XXX 39 XXX XXX 86 47 XXX 39 XXX X XX Kstablishrnapts having a spacifiad minim um 35 19 19 16 5 6 43 22 22 21 5 9 . _ 2 6 5 3 3 1 1 2 1 7 6 1 _ 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 1 _ 1 $40. $4?., $45. $47. $ 50. $ 52. $ 55. $ 57. $ AO. $ A?.. $ A5. 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 and qnd and and and and and and and and and under undar under under nndar under under under lindar lindar nvar $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 , 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 50. 00 $ 52. 50 $ 55. 00 $ 57. 50 $ 6 0 .0 0 $A 2. 50 $ A5_ 00 ________________________________ _ __ — ----_ _____ __ — ------______ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ... ....... ....... ................ ... _ .... ... _ TTstaKli shrnar>ts ha ving nn sparifiad minimum 2 _ 7 9 7 3 3 2 _ 1 1 _ 2 4 5 3 3 1 _ 2 4 5 3 3 1 _ _ 2 _ 5 5 2 _ 1 2 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 2 _ 4 1 1 . _ 2 6 5 3 3 1 1 _ 9 12 6 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 19 15 XXX 4 XXX XXX 21 15 XXX 6 XXX XXX 32 13 XXX 19 XXX XXX 22 10 XXX 12 XXX XXX _ l 1 1 _ _ 2 1 _ _ E stablishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers Lowest salary rate fo rm a lly established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other clerica l jo b s. Rates applicable to m e s s e n g e r s , office g irls , or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. Hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e sa la r ie s . Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the m ost com m on workweeks reported. 14 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift workers, W orcester, M a s s ., June 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Weekly hours All industries1 All workers --------------------------------------------------------- Under 35 hours __________________________________ 35 hours ----------------------- ------- --------------------------36lU hours ------------------ ------- — ---------------------363A* hours ---------------------------------------------------------371/z hours ---------------------------------------------------------Over 37Vz and under 40 hours ------------------------40 hours --------------------------------------------------------------42 hours --------------------------------------------------------------44 hours -------------------------------------------- — ----------45 hours --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 100 (4) 2 17 1 10 3 67 _ (4) Manufacturing 100 1 (4) - Public utilities1 2 100 - - 1 4 94 34 66 - - - - All industries3 Manufacturing 100 (4) 5 1 1 2 80 1 4 7 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Public utilities2 100 100 3 - - - - 1 84 1 3 8 - - 100 - 15 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, W orcester, M ass. , June 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item A ll workers __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ _____ Workers in establishments providing paid holidays __ _____ __ __ __ Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays __ __ ___ ____ ____ _____ All industries 1 Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 94 96 100 6 4 - 1 2 1 13 5 24 2 2 30 5 1 5 4 - 2 1 14 6 27 3 2 30 6 2 3 - 27 14 59 - ' ' Public utilities 1 2 (4 5 ) ' All industries 3 Manufacturing ' Public utilities 2 N u m b er off d a y s Less than 5 holidays ____________________________ 5 holidays ___ _ _____ ___ _____ __ __ __ 5 holidays plus 1 half day ______________________ 6 holidays ________________________________ ___ ___ 6 holidays plus 1 half day ______________________ 6 holidays plus 2 half days __ __ 6 holidays plus 3 half days _____________________ 7 holidays _ _ ___ __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ 7 holidays plus 1 half day __ 7 holidays plus 2 half days __ _____ __ _____ 8 holidays _____ __ __ ___ ______ 8 holidays plus 1 half day ______________________ 8 holidays plus 2 half days _____________________ 8 holidays plus 4 half days _____________________ 9 holidays __ ___ __ ___ ____________ __ _ 10 holidays __ _ __ _____ __ ___ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____________________ 10 holidays plus 2 half days ___________________ (4 ) 5 (4 ) 3 1 15 1 (4 ) 25 4 (4 ) 3 34 3 2 1 9 (4 ) 6 2 25 2 1 40 8 1 1 1 4 9 3 19 27 42 Total h o lid a y t im e s , , „ . y. IOV2 or m ore days _____________________________ 10 or more’ days ________________ _ ______________ 9 or more days __ _________ ______ _________ 8 1/2 or more days __ __ __ ____ ___ 8 or more days __ __ __ __ _______ 7 1/2 or m ore days __ _ __ __ __ _ 7 or more days _____ _ __ --- --------6 V2 or m ore days ____ ___ ______ _____ 6 or more d a y s __________________________________ 5V2 or m ore days __ __ __ __ -------5 or more days ____________ ___ ___ 4 or m ore d a y s __ _________ 3 or m ore d a y s __ __ __ _ _ 2 5 40 43 47 73 75 94 94 99 99 99 99 99 4 5 6 7 14 55 60 90 91 99 99 100 100 100 42 72 91 91 91 91 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 4 11 15 47 49 78 78 91 91 93 94 94 - 5 11 43 46 79 79 93 94 96 96 96 - 59 73 73 73 73 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Worcester, M ass. , June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All industries * All workers _____________________________________ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 99 83 16 - 100 94 6 - 100 95 5 100 95 5 83 17 - 86 14 “ - M ethod off p a y m e n t Workers in establishments providing paid vacations -------------------------------------------------Length-of-tim e payment -----------------------------Percentage payment ------------------------------------Flat-sum payment ----------------------------------------Other __ ___ Workers in establishments providing no paid vacations --------------------------------------------- - - i (4) Am ount off v a c a tio n p a y 5 After 6 months of service Under 1 week -----------------------------------------------------1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ----------------------------- -2 weeks __________________________________________ _ - 2 68 (4) 19 3 66 (4) 18 9 42 27 13 2 34 8 - 10 _ 90 13 87 23 77 80 2 18 88 2 10 30 70 3 2 96 3 2 94 _ 9 91 58 31 64 12 23 23 7 70 2 (4) 98 3 97 100 35 13 52 39 16 45 100 2 (4) 98 3 97 100 33 13 54 37 16 47 100 7 2 86 (4) 7 3 90 (4) 11 43 After 1 year of service week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks --------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------1 After 2 years of service week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks --------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------1 10 After 3 years of service 1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks --------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- - - After 4 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks --------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- - After 5 years of service - week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks _____________________ 2 weeks __________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. (4) 1 1 99 - 2 1 96 _ 100 - 4 100 - 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, W orcester, M ass., June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5------- Continued After 10 years of service 1 week __ __ — __ Over 1 and under 2 2 weeks _ Over 2 and under 3 3 weeks _ __ ------4 weeks __ - ------ --------- — weeks _ __ _ _ ___ — — ------- — ~ — weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ------- -_ — — -----— — — ---- _ — __ _ __ — — — __ — __ — 80 4 14 1 1 88 5 7 " 59 41 7 1 72 5 12 2 7 2 77 6 8 " 65 35 (4 ) 69 (4 ) 29 1 1 70 1 29 - 40 60 - 7 1 61 8 19 2 7 2 65 10 16 - 50 50 - (4 ) 9 1 89 1 1 11 1 87 - _ 100 - 7 1 20 2 67 2 7 2 17 3 71 - 100 - (4 ) 9 _ 87 3 1 11 89 - 73 27 7 1 19 (4 ) 68 5 7 2 16 (4 ) 75 " 84 16 (4 )» 8 49 3 40 1 11 48 5 36 28 72 7 1 18 (4 ) 38 5 29 7 2 16 (4 ) 42 30 70 (4 ) After 12 years of service 1 week — _____ __ _ ___ __ _____ __ __ — Over 1 and under 2 weeks _______ ______________ 2 weeks _ __ _ _ __ _____ __ — — Over 2 and under 3 weeks . . . ____ 3 weeks _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ 4 w e e k s __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ After 15 years of service 1 week __ _ __ Over 1 and under 2 2 weeks _ __ __ __ Over 2 and under 3 3 weeks _ _ _ _ 4 weeks __ ____ __ — _ — — _ — — weeks _ _ _ _____ __ __ __ _ _ ----w e e k s ______________________ _____ ___ __ ____ __ ______ _ _ After 20 years of service 1 week _____________________ - _____________ —__ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ______________________ 2 weeks - - - - — — — — ___ __ — Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w6cks i „...... ■■■.!■ i ..... 4 weeks _ __ _____ ___ — — _ — — ___ _ — After 25 years of service 1 w e e k _______ — —__ ___ ______ __ _____________ __ O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s _ _____ 2 weeks _ __ __ __ __ — __ __ _ __ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ _ __ _ __ __ 3 weeks _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ____ — — —— — ____— 4 weeks — _ - — — — _ __ — - — 1 2 3 4 5 service 6 27 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0.5 percent. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of t i m e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, W orcester, M a s s ., June 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Type of benefit All industries 1 Manufacturing o O 100 94 85 84 87 100 76 63 68 84 96 91 83 88 84 71 86 45 77 87 50 77 78 91 7 1 24 8 2 - 4 2 34 82 82 73 32 66 10 89 89 81 33 72 9 66 66 66 70 84 94 70 78 89 __ __ __ __ Public utilities 2 100 Life insurance _______________________________ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance __________ __ __ ___________ __ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 ____ __________ ____ __ Manufacturing 100 100 ------------------- All industries 3 100 ------------ All workers Public utilities 1 2 Workers in establishments providing: Sickness and accident insurance __________ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) __________ ______ ____ ___ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) __________________________________ Hospitalization insurance _________________________ Surgical insurance ____________________________________ Medical insurance _____________ ___________ Catastrophe insurance __ _____ __ __ __ Retirement pension _________________________ No health, insurance, or pension plan ------ 91 •>1 88 60 87 95 95 90 41 86 (5) 64 64 64 64 72 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 5 Less than 0. 5 percent. Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more sp ecific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. 19 Appendix B : Occupational D escriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B—Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (hookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 21 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C—Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 23 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B—Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy, May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc: OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 24 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A—Operates a variety o f tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group o f tabulating-machine operators. Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A—Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B—Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 25 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts* man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types o f drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep* aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of tbe following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength o f materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 26 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety o f electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind o f work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish• ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types o f machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety o f pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working 27 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in die plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 28 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER. MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of die maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or beating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, die work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. 29 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices;unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform 6ther related duties. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 30 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under l l/2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1l/2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0 — 657207
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