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Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA APRIL 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-59 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA A P R IL 1962 B u lle tin N o. 1 3 0 3 -5 9 June 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 30 cents Contents Preface Page The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually conducts occupational wage surveys in 82 labor markets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary* benefits. A preliminary report furnishing trend data and average earnings is released within a month of the completion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the preliminary report. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends for selected occupational groups _________________________ Tables: 1. 2. Two bulletins, bringing together the results of all of the area surveys, are issued after completion of the final area bulletin in the current round of surveys. The first of these bulletins will be available late in 1962 and the other early in 1963. During the survey year, summary releases presenting areawide occupational earnings data for 25 to 30 labor markets, are issued as data become available. A: This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau's re gional office in Atlanta, Ga. , by William L. Dansby, under the direction of Donald M. Cruse. The study was under the general direction of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. B: 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey ____________ Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups _____________________________________________ Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and wom en______________________ A - 2. Professional and technical occupations—men and women ________________________________________________ A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—men and women combined _________________ A - 4. Maintenance and power plant occupations ________________ A - 5. Custodial and material movement occupations __________ Establishment practices andsupplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Shift differentials -------------------------------------------------------------B -2 . Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers ___________________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled weekly hours ___________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays _____________________________________________ B - 5. Paid vacations ____________________________________________ B -6 . Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________________ 3 3 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 18 Appendixes: A. B. Changes in occupational descriptions -----------------------------------------Occupational descriptions _______________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available in previous area reports for Birmingham and for other major areas. A directory indicating the areas, dates of study, and prices of these reports is available upon request. Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operating em ployees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. iii 19 21 Occupational Wage Survey—Birmingham, Ala. Introduction to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U.S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted sur veys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area wide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the con struction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties pe rformed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -series tables) for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and power plant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant workers. The concept "office w ork ers," as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant workers" in clude working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing indus tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i .e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is 1 2 Shift differential data (table B - 1) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab lishment policy,1 presented in terms of total plant worker employ ment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the clas sification "other" was used. In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance salaries (table B -2 ) relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented in terms of establish ments with formal minimum salary policies. The scheduled hours (table B -3) of a majority of the firstshift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B -6) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eli gible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B -3 through B -6 may not equal totals be cause of rounding. The first part of the paid holidays table (table B -4) presents the number of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B -5) is limited to for mal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, pay ments not on a time basis were so converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (table B-6) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compen sation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those pro vided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by commer cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. 2 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that 1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time but informal sick-leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. were excluded. 3 T a b le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o rk e rs w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n um ber studied in B irm in gh a m , A la ., In d u stry d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s __________________________________________________ Manufacturing___________________________ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________________________ _____ T r a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and oth er p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __________ ___ ______ _______ _____ W h o le s a le tra d e __ ------- --------------------------------------------------R e ta il tra d e __ --------------------------- — ------ ------------------F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ------------------------------S e r v ic e s 7 __ _________ ____ __ __ — ____ ___ ___ b y m a jo r in d u stry d iv isio n , 2 A p r il 1962 W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m en ts N um ber o f e sta b lish m e n ts M in im um em ploym en t in e s ta b lis h m ents in s c o p e of study W ithin scope of study 3 Studied 50 401 130 9 2 ,6 0 0 1 4 ,7 0 0 61, 000 63, 490 50 50 145 256 48 82 51, 400 4 1 ,2 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 9, 100 3 7 ,7 0 0 2 3 ,3 0 0 3 8 ,130 2 5 ,3 6 0 50 50 50 50 50 41 64 81 42 28 20 16 24 12 10 12, 6, 12, 6, 3, 2, 400 (*) ( ) W ithin s c o p e o f study O ffic e T o ta l4 600 900 100 100 500 0(6 ) Studied Plant 6 ,9 0 0 (*) (‘ ) 0 (6 ) T o t a l4 10,640 2, 550 7, 210 3, 320 1,6 4 0 1 T h e B irm in g h a m Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistica l A re a c o n s is t s o f J e ffe r s o n County. The " w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f study" es tim a te s show n in this table p ro v id e a rea son a b ly a ccu rate d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e includ ed in the su rv e y . The e s tim a te s a re not intended, h o w e v e r, to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith oth er a r e a em ploym en t indexes to m e a s u r e em p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls sin ce (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, and (2) sm all e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f the su rvey. 2 The 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the Standard In du strial C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u s e d in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in du stry d iv isio n . M a jo r changes fr o m the e a r lie r edition (u sed in the B u re a u 's la b o r m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s con du cted p r io r to July 1958) a re the tr a n s fe r o f m ilk p a s te u r iz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te esta b lis h m en ts fr o m trade (w h olesale o r reta il) to m a n u fa ctu rin g, and the tr a n s fe r o f r a d io and t e le v is io n b ro a d ca stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s d iv isio n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em ploym en t at o r above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll ou tle ts (w ithin the are a ) o f c om p a n ies in such in d u s tr ie s as tra d e, fin a n ce, auto r ep a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n -p ic t u r e th e a te r s are co n s id e r e d as 1 e stablish m en t. 4 In clu d es e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and o th er w o r k e r s exclu d ed fr o m the se p a ra te o f fic e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w ater tra n sp o rta tio n w e r e e x clu d e d . 6 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g" in the S e r ie s A and B ta b les. S epa ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m ploym en t in the d iv is io n is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it se p a ra te study, (2) the sa m p le w as not d esig n ed in itia lly to p e r m it separate p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p e rm it se p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in divid u al es ta b lis h m en t data. 7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; autom obile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and en g in eerin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . T able 2. P e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e in standard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e liou rly ea rn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l gro u p s in B irm in gh a m , A la . * A p r il 1961 to A p r il 1962, and M a rch I960 to A p ril 1961 A p r il 1961 to A p ril 1962 M a rch I960 to A p ril 1961 A ll in d u s trie s : O ffic e c le r ic a l (m en and w om en ) _ ---------- — — In du strial n u rses (m en and w o m e n ) ___ __ _____ — ---------— S k illed m aintenance (m en) — U n sk illed plant (m e n )----------------------------------------------------------- 3 .4 3 .1 5. 1 3 .8 2 .6 1 .6 3 .2 1 .5 M an u factu rin g: O ffice c l e r i c a l (m en and w o m e n ) ___________—-----------------In du strial n u rses (m en and w o m e n ) ---------------------------------S k illed m aintenance (m en) __ _______ __ — U n sk illed plant (m e n )----------------------------------------------------------- 2. 3 4. 0 5 .6 2 .7 2 .7 1 .5 3 .0 .2 Industry and o ccu p a tio n a l grou p 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The per centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, autom otive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series. The expansion of the labor market wage survey program in 1961 made data available in 82 areas for the computation of wage trends for selected job groupings. Sixty-one areas were surveyed in I960; prior to I960, coverage was limited to 20 areas. Therefore, it was decided to compute a new trend series in which 1961 will be the base year since this is the first year in which data were collected in all 82 areas. The percents of change shown in table 2 are not comparable with similar data shown for this area in last year's Bulletin 1285-53. The new series intro duces changes in the job groupings for which trends are shown and changes in jobs included in the computations. A: Occupational Earnings Table A-L Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis • by industry division , Birm ingham , A la ., A p ril 1962) A verage Sex, occu pation , and industry d iv isio n Number of workers Weekly. hours (Standard) Weekly j earnings (Standard) NU M B E R OF W OR K E R S R E C E IV IN G STR A IG H T -T IM E W EE K LY EAR N IN G S OF $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 S 9 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ S $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 * 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 * 5 5 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 3 5 ,0 0 -6CLOOL - 6 5 x 0 0 . . 7 0 »,Q Q , 7 5 , 0 0 , 8 0 . 0 0 -8 5 x .0 0 _ . 3 0 x 0 fi _ _93.it.QjQL 1 Q Q J IQ 1Q .5»Q Q 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 6 0 .0 0 * 6 5 .0 0 * 7 0 .0 0 * 7 5 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 and over M en _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - " . _ _ . 123 56 67 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing ______________ 43 27 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 5 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 C le r k s , o r d e r _ ----------- ------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________________________ 98 75 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 4 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 3 3 C le r k s , p a y roll __________ _ _______________ M anufacturing __________________________________ 49 48 4 0 .0 9 9 .0 0 9 8 .5 0 _ _ - O ffic e boys _______________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ Pu blic u tilities 2 ___________________ 59 46 30 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 6 2 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A __________ __ ___ __________ 28 4 0 .0 Tabulating -m a ch in e o p e ra to r s , c la s s B _________________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 48 25 o o C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A ____________ M anufacturing __________ ________ __ N onm anufacturing ____________________ £ 1 0 9 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 5 4 1 1 1 - 15 4 7 2 11 I 7 11 5 n ! 8 1 3 6 2 5 " 7 1 1 1 3 3 2 14 14 19 14 17 6 31 31 2 1 _ 1 l 6 _ _ _ _ 2 4 8 _ - • 6 - - - - 2 4 8 20 14 4 - 5 3 2 2 3 3 10 5 2 2 - - 8 7 4 12 11 - 3 3 3 6 - 2 1 1 0 .5 0 - - - - - - - - 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 8 4 .5 0 - - - - 2 - - " 2 3 3 7 4 12 7 8 .0 0 107 84 41 3 9 .5 6 6 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 _ - 9 - - 9 7 5 43 42 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 5 .0 0 44 4 1 .0 4 1 .5 7 7 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 - 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 5 9 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 - 3 9 .5 8 4 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 ' - " _ 2 - > 10 1 4 2 5 3 7 3 13 3 5 13 12 1 8 2 3 9 6 4 ! 1 13 8 2 ! 2 3 3 9 3 _ 10 1 - - 3 2 - _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 3 2 9 3 1 I - “ - 1 " 1 - 2 2 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ " - - - - - - 7 2 4 5 2 3 _ 1 1 1 - 7 1 4 5 2 3 - 1 1 3 3 3 - - - “ - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 4 1 5 - 2 10 2 _ - _ _ 4 2 5 4 5 3 3 1 1 1 4 1 - - - - _ _ 6 13 6 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - 1 1 _ - - 10 5 5 _ - _ - 2 8 8 - - - - - - - - _ _ _ 1 - - _ _ _ - - _ _ 1 W om en B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) _____ N onm anufacturing ____________________ P ublic u t ilit ie s 2 ____ ____ _____ B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) _____________ _________________ N n n m a n n fa r tn ng B ook keepin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A __________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ B ook keeping-m a ch ine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B __________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A ____________ M anufacturing __ __ ___________ ___ N o n m a n iifa r .t iir in g 29 292 32 260 254 41 213 Public u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ 68 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing __________________________________ Nonm anufacturing 593 C le r k s , file , c la s s A 3 ____ N onm anufacturing ________ __________ See footn otes at end o f table. 100 493 72 48 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 5 4 .0 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 8 2 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 6 7 .5 0 ! 7 4 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 28 10 7 12 28 9 8 5 4 10 6 15 15 8 8 11 11 - - 1 1 11 10 9 9 1 1 3 3 10 - 45 2 65 7 58 69 9 60 45 37 4 33 15 3 12 9 1 1 45 5 9 30 20 9 ! _ 6 6 - 43 _ - _ 1 - - 11 11 27 27 i 7 i i 4 2 - _ - - - - - 5 9 30 20 22 26 2 24 5 1 84 37 105 11 73 8 45 29 11 94 10 10 5 5 67 4 63 109 12 97 11 11 13 13 69 24 3 - - - - - 2 2 _ 8 5 1 _ - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - _ - 3 2 1 8 8 2 _ _ _ 2 - - - 1 1 2 2 3 3 15 2 14 4 - 2 1 27 - - - 4 4 2 1 27 27 1 6 6 _ 1 1 9 34 12 | ! 2 2 1 1 27 27 5 22 3 24 13 9 6 25 3 10 15 5 4 1 13 10 37 5 32 2 2 5 9 4 4 - 1 2 4 11 1 - 1 - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ 1 1 _ _ _ 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en— Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , Birm ingham , A l a . , A p ril 1962) N U M BER OF W O RKERS R E CEIVIN G STRA IG H T-TIM E W E E K LY E A R N IN G S OF - Avcraob Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) Weekly earnings1 (Standard) $ $ $ S $ $ S $ 40.00 45. 00 50. 00 *55. 00 *60.00 *65.00 70. 00 *75. 00 *80.00 *85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 *30.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 and and under 45.00 50.00 55. 00 60.00 6 5.00 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 : 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 ov er W om en— Continued C lerks, file, c la s s B 3 ---------------------------M anufacturing ________ ____ ____ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 188 33 155 38. 5 40. 0 38. 0 $54 . 50 70. 00 51. 50 20 20 72 7 65 33 33 26 4 22 6 6 9 6 3 7 2 5 C lerks, file, cla s s C 3 __________________ Nonmanufacturing __________ ________ 88 81 4 0 .0 40. 0 49. 00 48. 50 43 3 56 54 15 13 11 9 2 1 1 1 _ C lerks, o rd e r ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing 39 25 4 0 .0 4 0.0 71. 50 6 1.00 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 _ - 4 4 5 5 6 - - C lerks, p a yroll ________________ __ . . __ M anufacturing „ __ __ ____________ Nonmanufacturing _____________ __ __ 177 81 96 39. 5 40. 0 39. 0 74. 00 79. 00 69. 50 10 10 2 2 4 _ 4 27 15 12 16 3 13 30 18 12 11 2 9 13 5 8 15 4 11 13 12 1 C om ptom eter op era tors _________________ M anufacturing __________________ ____ Nonmanufacturing ____ ____ ____ 191 29 162 6 3 .0 0 39. 5 40. 0 t_ 7"2T5(J 61. 00 39. 5 11 11 20 20 16 16 32 6 26 32 5 27 31 31 15 6 9 20 3 17 3 £ 1 5 4 1 D uplicating-m achine op era to rs (M im eograph o r Ditto) _________________ 26 39. 5 i | 60. 50 - Keypunch op e r a to r s , c la s s A 3 _________ 79 39. 5 ! 86.00 Keypunch op era tors, c la s s B 3 _________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonm anufacturing _______ ____ ____ Public u tilit ie s 2 __________________ 163 29 134 56 39.0 40. 0 38. 5 39. 0 63. 77. 60. 65. 50 00 50 50 16 16 - O ffice g ir ls _______________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 54 41 39. 0 38. 5 60. 50 52. 50 2 2 S ecreta ries _______________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilit ie s 2 _____ ____ ____ 750 306 444 131 39. 5 4 0 .0 39. 5 3 9.5 90. 00 97. 50 85.00 103.00 _ - Stenographers, g e n e r a l3 ________________ M anufacturing ----------------- ------- ------Nonmanufacturing ------ __ ------- ------Public u tilities 2 __________________ 749 252 497 166 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 9.5 39. 0 74. 85. 68. 73. 00 50 00 50 5 5 Stenographers, s e n io r 3 _________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------- 119 55 64 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 91.0 0 82.00 98. 50 _ - - - - - - - - Switchboard op era tors __________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 139 102 4 1.0 59. o 41. 5 68. 50 5 22 90. 00 60. 50 22 9 9 17 17 14 4 10 Switchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n ists ____ M anufacturing _________________ „ __ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 108 49 59 4 0 .0 3 9.5 40. 0 67. 50 74. 00 62. 50 _ - _ - Tabulating-m achine op era tors, cla s s B _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______ __ „ ____ 40 34 38. 5 38. 0 74. 00 . 71.00 See footnotes at end o f table. 3l - 3 3 i " | " _ | 6 6 - 1 6 5 1 - - - " . _ _ _ _ _ - - " - " - . _ 2 _ _ _ _ - 6 - - - - - - 13 10 3 10 4 6 2 2 " 4 4 _ - _ - 2 2 - 6 _ _ _ _ - - " 3 10 - 5 - 2 - - 1 - - - - 3 5 2 5 6 7 6 '3 37 . 2 _ 6 6 31 1 30 22 20 4 16 5 24 6 18 6 11 2 9 1 13 6 7 6 . - 7 6 1 1 2 2 - 8 2 6 6 . - . - . - - 25 25 9 18 13 2 2 5 5 _ 1 _ _ " 1 - 72 28 44 2 43 12 31 3 50 12 38 3 78 29 49 14 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - 5 4 1 _ “ _ " _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - " - " - - - - - - - - - - I _ - " _ _ - - . - _ - - - - - - - " - - " 69 50 19 11 12 3 9 5 38 22 16 4 62 45 17 6 30 14 16 9 59 28 31 29 41 34 7 7 18 8 10 7 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 73 18 55 30 42 15 27 7 39 26 13 8 41 26 15 7 38 12 26 18 68 67 1 1 4 4 5 5 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ " - " " - - - 13 7 6 9 4 5 24 23 1 3 2 1 4 4 6 2 4 5 2 3 5 23 1 _ _ _ - - - - - 1 - ~ _ “ _ 5 12 6 6 “ - 9 5 4 4 4 8 1 7 6 1 5 4 4 14 11 9 9 1 1 " 22 22 ~ _ - 31 9 22 22 3 19 9 7 2 9 7 2 17 16 3 1 2 5 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 5 2 1 4 4 " 17 17 1 1 2 1 2 ■ 1 1 - 47 8 39 4 52 52 9 71 10 61 19 107 33 74 22 102 _ 4 4 10 5 4 4 _ - 69 4 65 26 22 22 - - - 8 8 ! " 97 35 62 7 13 6 6 - 4 2 2 i - 9 1 17 “ _ _ 3 _ - - 7 " “ . 1 24 24 - - _ - _ ! _______1 4 - 1 1 I — L i 7 95 31 $ ■ - - - - - 1 5 1 23 _ - _ - _ - _ " _ - - _ - _ - _ “ 1 1 - _ " - _ - _ - _ " 2 “ - ■ - - " 1 ■ 1 4 ------Z ~ 2 2 _ _ - - - - - _ - Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en-----Continued (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la ., A p ril 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF A verage Sex, occu pation , and industry d iv isio n Number of workers $ $ Weekly. 40.00 45.00 Weekly earnings hours (Standard) (Standard) 1 | under 45.00 - $ $ 50.00 - 50.00 $ $ 55.00 60.00 65.00 - - - 70.00 - - 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 and 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 .11.5,00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 over $ S $ 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 $ $ - - 90.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 $ - W om en — Continued T r a n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , gen eral _ ____ _ __ ------- ------M anufacturing _ _ ____ ____ N onm anufacturing _ ____ _________ 66 ------ 3 T 1 35 40.0 40.0 39.5 $65 .50 71.50 60.00 - 9 18 10 8 5 4 5 1 4 10 10 - - 10 10 58 40 13 27 8 44 - - - 9 3 4 _____ T yp ists, c la s s A _ ______ M anufacturing _________________________________ N onm anufacturing ___________ _______________ 103 39 64 40.0 40.0 40.0 71.50 87.00 62.00 8 - - 8 4 T yp ists, c la s s B _________________________ M anufacturing _ _ _________ N onm anufacturing ___ ____ . P u b lic u t ilit ie s 1 23 _________ — ____ 300 69 231 31 39.5 40.0 39.0 40.0 57.50 66.50 54.50 60.50 6 86 12 74 ■ 1 2 3 4 5 3 - - 6 - - 58 6 1 - 44 11 5 15 15 - 1 1 6 6 9 10 7 3 12 12 “ 2 2 “ 1 1 " 4 5 - - - 5 5 4 16 2 14 6 5 1 9 34 19 15 6 14 7 7 ” - 1 1 " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 18 17 1 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ " 3 3 “ _ “ _ - _ - _ - - - _ ■ _ ■ ■ - _ - - _ _ - - - _ - - - _ _ . _ _ - ~ _ - “ Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees re ce iv e their regular straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings c o rre s p o n d to these w eekly hours. T ran sp ortation , com m u nication, and other public utilities. D e scrip tio n fo r this jo b has been re v ise d since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. Includes 1 w o rk e r at $30 to $35. Includes 6 w o rk e rs at $30 to $35; 14 w ork ers at $35 to $40. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la., A p ril 1962) N U M BER OF W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S TR A IG H T-TIM E W E EKLY EAR N IN G S OF Average Sex, occupation, and industry div isio n Number of workers $ $ Weeklyj hours (Standard) Weekly ! earnings (Standard) $ 70.00 75.00 *80.00 *85.00 *90.00 *95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 *30.00 *35.00 *140.00 145.00 *150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 and and under 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 over Men D raftsm en, leader ______________________ M anufacturing _________ ___ __ — 43 40 40.0 40.0 $171.50 172.50 D raftsm en, sen ior _______ __ _________ M anufacturing ____ ____ ____ _____ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------ 381 328 53 40.0 40.0 40.5 136.00 ! 138.50 j 120.00 D raftsm en, j u n i o r ._______________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 158 123 35 40.0 40.0 41.0 1 _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - " 9 7 2 6 5 1 12 7 5 17 9 8 5371 14 11 3 18 17 1 13 8 5 7 1 6 - _ - 4 4 15 15 - - 1 | 97.00 99.50 90.00 3 18 10 8 17 16 1 8 ; 3 i 5 ! n 9 2 i 20 16 4 ! 14 4 ! 4 _ ____ 1 1_ 44 32 12 38 35 ! 3 1 1 27 j 27 ; 5 5 19 16 3 12 10 2 40 28 39.5 40.0 100.00 103.00 3 1 _ " 4 2 6 3 2 2 6 5 _ 11 8 _ ■ 5 4 1 1 _ _ - 15 15 12 10 2 - - _ 1 i---------------i-----------1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e ce iv e their regular straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings co rre sp o n d to these w eekly hours. 2 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s: 8 at $ 175 to $ 185; 2 at $ 185 to $ 195; 4 at $ 195 to $205; 4 at $205 to $215; and 2 at $215 to $225. 3 Includes 4 w o rk e rs at $55 to $60; 7 w ork ers at $60 to $65. . 1 1 23 23 : 2 1 2 2 7 6 1 1 2 20 20 5 15 15 1 1 11 11 72 72 l - - - •_ _ _ _ _ - - - _ --------- 5 | - - - - - _ _ _ l l _ _ ■ " ! 1 ! 1 - ! i W om en N urses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) ________ M anufacturing ____ 4 4 ■ _ - 8 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Birm ingham , A la. , A p ril 1962) Number O ccupation and industry division of wV~kiye earnings (Standard) 109 25 84 41 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) --------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------ 43 42 55. 00 54.00 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s A ---------- ---- — 53 38 7 8.00 74. 50 B ookkeeping-m achine o p era to rs , cla s s B ------------ — M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------___ C lerks, accounting, cla s s A -------------------------------------------M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------•••• r *^ • Nonmanutacturing 292 32 260 226 129 97 Average weekly . earnings 1 (Standard) $79. 50 Switchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ---------------------------------M anufacturing ______ __ __________________________ 86.50" Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ 70.00 108 49 59 $ 67 .50 74. 00 62. 50 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A _____________ 29 110.50 88 29 59 29 80. 00 91. 50 7 4 .0 0 77. 50 191 29 162 63.00 72. 50 61.00 D uplicating-m ach ine operators (M im eograph o r Ditto) ------------------------------------------------------ 26 60. 50 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B ------------------------M anufacturing __ ______________ _ Nonmanufacturing __________________ _ Public u tilities 2 ________________________________ Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A 3 ----------------------------------------- 83 86. 50 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s C ------------------------N onm anufacturing _____ ______ _____________________ 34 32 58. 50 58. 50 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , cla s s B 3 --------------- ------------ ------M anufacturing ------------ ------ ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ 163 29 134 56 63. 77. 60. 65. T ra n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , gen eral -------------------- 66 31 35 65. 50 71. 50 60. 00 61. 71. 58. 62. _ _ 92.00 109.00 86. 50 102.50 O ffice boys and g irls -----------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmarmfacturing _ _ ________________ Pu blic utilities 2 _________ ______ ________________ 113 26 87 44 636 127 509 68. 50 77. 00 66. 50 S e c r e ta r ie s _________________ _____ ______________________ M anufacturing ___ ____ ______________________________ Nninmaniifartiiring Pu blic u tilit ie s 2 _ _________________ ___ ___ 763 314 449 136 C lerk s, file , c la s s B 3 ---------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------- 195 39 156 Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 59. 50 67. 00 58. 50 _______ 377 97 280 92 77 28 49 _ of O ccupation and industry division __________________ ______ P n h lir u t ilit ie s 2 C lerks, file , c la s s A 3 ______________________________ M anufacturing --------- _ --------------------________—_____ Nonm anufacturing ------------------------------------------------ ......... Number Average weekly . earnings (Standard) O ffice occu pation s— Continued $ 66 .00 77. 50 62. 50 72. 50 M anufacturing C l a rlre f n r H p r of O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations Pu blic u tilities Number O ccupation and industry d ivision 94 87 137 37 100 72.00 91. 50 |Sten ograp h ers, g e n e r a l3 ______________________________ ^annfartnri ng _____ 6 l! 00 | B Nonmaniifa^turing P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 __ ---------------- ----------- -------56.00 73. 00 51. 50 StenOgT^ph^TS, spninr^ M anufacturing _ . ........... Nonm anufacturing -------------------------------------- ------4 9 .0 0 49. 00 74. 00 I Sw itchboard o p erators 80. 50 N r'Tim ^nii^a r ^1iri*n g 71. 50 __________ _ ------ ------------------ 50 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 90. 50 98.00 85. 50 103.50 763 257 506 171 74. 85. 68. 73. 00 50 00 50 119 55 64 91.00 82.00 98. 50 Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ T yp ists, cla ss A ______________________________ M anufacturing ______________________________________ 109 43 66 T yp ists, cla s s B _______________________________________________ M anufacturing _ ___ ______________ _ Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ Public utilities 2 _______________________________________ 334 79 255 55 68.00 90.00 60.00 58. 70. 55. 59. 50 00 00 00 P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations 43 40 171.50 172. 50 D raftsm en, sen ior ---------------- ----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------M anufacturing ----Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 387 330 57 135. 50 138.50 119. 00 D raftsm en, junior _____ _____________________________ M anufacturing ______________________ _____________ - 166 125 41 97. 50 99. 50 90. 50 40 28 100. 00 103.00 N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) ______________________ ____________________________________ M anufacturing 1 Earnings are fo r a regu lar w orkw eek fo r which em ployees r e c e iv e their straigh t-tim e w eekly sa la r ie s , e xclu sive o f any prem ium pay. 2 T ran sp ortation, com m u nication, and other public u tilitie s. 3 D escrip tion for this jo b has been r e v ise d sin ce the last su rvey in this area. See appendix A. 72. 50 8 7 .0 0 63. 50 D raftsm en, lead er ------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ______________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 143 37 106 "" 9 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Birm ingham , A l a . , A p ril 1962) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry d iv isio n Number of workers Average hourly I earning^ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Unde i 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.0 0 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 *2.40 2. 50 *2. 60 *2.70 *2. 80 *2.90 *3. 00 *3. 10 *3. 20 *3. 30 $3. 40 3. 50 $3. 60 3. 70 *3. 80 3.90 4. 00 and $ and under 1.60 1. 70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2 .90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3.40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3.90 4. 00 over C a rp enters, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 291 261 30 $ 2 .9 8 3. 08 2. 13 5 25 4 4 E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance ___________ M anufacturing _______________________ 687 668 3.46 3.49 8 - E n gin eers, station ary __________________ M anufacturing ______ __ __ __ ____ N onm anufacturing ____________ __ __ 204 170 34 3. 18 3. 35 2. 35 1 1 1 1 F irem en , station ary b o ile r ____________ M anufacturing _______________________ 63 S'6 2. 73 2. 93 38 1 _ H elpers, m aintenance trades _________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing __ ____ __ ____ Pu blic u tilities 5 _________________ 557 500"^ 57 34 2. 2. 1. 2. 58 67 76 07 35 11 4 24 1 4 4 - M a ch in e-tool o p era to rs , to o lr o o m ___ ________ ________ — __ M anufacturing _______________________ 145 145 3. 09 3.09 - M achinists, m aintenance ______________ ____ ____ M anufacturing ___ __ 588 581 3. 48 3.49 _ M echanics, autom otive (m aintenance) _________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing __ __ ____ _____ P u blic u tilitie s 5___________________ 320 109 211 176 2. 2. 2. 2. 649 580 69 3. 14 3. 21 2. 54 M illw rights _____________ __ ____ ____ M anufacturing ___________________ „ __ 393 393 3. 21 3. 21 O ile rs ___________________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ 220 220 2.61 2. 6l _ _ - - P a in ters, m aintenance _________________ M anufacturing ___ ________ __ __ __ 62 49 2.91 2.99 1 " 1 M echanics, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing ______ ____ __ ____ TSJrmm a n n f a r h i r i n g T ool and die m akers ____________ r t n r i ngr 1 2 3 4 5 ____ 93 ------- 93“ 61 56 63 72 2.97 2.97 3 3 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ " - 1 - 3 3 7 7 _ - 4 4 1 1 12 6 6 _ _ _ _ - - - _ - _ " 20 20 20 - - - - - - _ _ _ - " - 4 1 3 13 11 2 3 3 " 1 1 1 1 - - 1 _ 1 - 3 3 7 2 5 3 1 2 7 6 1 1 1 " 11 7 4 11 10 1 9 9 - 174 174 " 2 2 - " - _ _ - - 10 10 2 2 6 6 1 1 34 34 17 16 25 25 71 71 78 76 32 25 1 1 3 3 6 6 1 1 1 1 2 2 _ " 16 13 3 _ - 17 16 1 20 20 - 12 12 _ 6 6 _ 4 4 . _ _ " 3 3 _ - _ - 24 20 4 4 9 8 1 74 71 3 3 19 19 - 25 20 5 5 45 45 8 8 56 56 102 102 49 49 _ - - - - - - - - - 18 22 18 ~ T T 19 19 6 6 7 - _ 4 4 4 4 _ - 6 6 32 32 6 1 5 15 12 3 33 26 7 1 1 49 49 44 12 3 9 7 10 5 5 4 25 1 24 22 _ _ 2 - 15 5 10 23 23 14 3 11 36 11 25 6 - 24 23 1 2 2 4 4 _ - 2 1 1 2 2 6 " _ j - — 5“ ■ 3 3 1 - " 5 5 2 1 1 10 10 - 32 32 - - - - - - - - 4 4 _ - 14 14 6 6 84 84 28 28 226 226 30 30 20 19 1 _ " 41 40 1 33 32 1 _ - _ - 8 8 - 8 8 - 8 8 - _ 8 8 14 14 _ 8 8 _ _ _ _ - - - " - _ - 20 20 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ . - 22 4 3 22 — T ----- T~ 12 12 2 2 18 18 - 6 — r 4 4 4 4 - 6 6 6 6 24 24 68 68 58 58 45 45 19 19 _ _ - 25 25 _ - - 12 12 272 272 - 8 4 4 - 87 3 84 84 13 11 2 2 10 10 - - 9 9 9 " 4 4 4 19 19 - - - - - - - - - - - 65 61 4 8 5 3 17 11 6 56 56 129 128 1 32 32 4 4 10 8 8 110 10 28 28 38 38 _ - 20 20 9 9 _ 34 34 18 18 31 31 171 171 40 40 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 84 84 _ - * - - _ _ _ _ _ - " - - 6 - no 15 15 37 37 2 2 32 32 30 30 6 6 9 9 10 10 52 52 8 8 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 2 2 8 5 _ . 2 2 2 2 6 5 5 5 8 8 _ 4 " 2 2 _ 18 16 2 2 _ . . " " - “ 15 15 . 12 12 . 12 12 36 36 . _ _ . . - E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. W ork ers w ere d istribu ted as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1. 40; 4 at $ 1. 40 to $ 1. 50. W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 4 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1; 3 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1.40; 1 at $ 1.40 to $ 1. 50. W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s: 5 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 9 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1. 30; 2 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1 .40; 8 at $ 1. 50 to $ 1. 60. T ran sp ortation, com m u nication, and other public utilities . 67 67 6 6 6 () 6 5 “ - _ - - “ 10 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la., A p ril 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccu p ation 1 and industry division Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S S $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ S $ . $ $ $ Average hourly Under 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 and earnings 2 $ and 0.60 under .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2,70. J u M . 2, 9,CL 3,OIL QYSE.70 .80 Elevator op era tors, passen ger (women) ________ _____________ _______ _ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 125 125 $ 0.76 .76 3 33 33 40 40 - - - 43 43 8 8 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - ~ - - Guards ___________________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ 201 120 2.25 2.47 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 4 5 _ 14 14 _ 14 8 36 - 13 13 36 36 27 27 2 2 _ 2 2 32 32 - Janitors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers (men) _________________________ ______ _ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ Pu blic u t ilit ie s 4 __________________ 1,032 509 523 112 1.58 1.94 1.23 1.72 13 13 - 26 26 - 3 3 - 44 44 - 3 3 - 106 106 - 93 ^9 64 1 98 9 89 6 67 26 41 5 79 42 37 31 100 87 13 5 9 3 6 3 50 12 38 22 9 5 4 4 21 20 1 - 41 29 12 12 77 56 21 21 136 134 2 2 7 7 - 6 6 - - 10 10 - 30 30 - 2 2 - - 2 2 - Janitors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers (women) ______ _______________ ______ _ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 366 32 334 .96 1.57 .91 - 163 163 - - - 81 3 78 35 2 33 24 6 18 1 1 - 9 4 5 38 6 32 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 4 4 1 1 - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - L a b orers , m aterial h a n d lin g ___________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ P u blic u tilities 4 __________________ 1,833 707 1, 126 419 1.75 1.93 1.64 2.18 _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - 45 45 - 162 7 155 - 286 14 272 - 159 14 145 50 105 90 15 - 113 67 46 1 46 25 21 4 67 24 43 7 I ll 61 50 50 204 197 7 - 102 46 56 52 50 42 8 8 207 43 164 148 18 18 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 2 2 - 99 99 99 20 20 - 4 4 - 20 20 - O rder fille r s ____________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 399 38 361 1.51 2.28 1.43 _ _ _ _ _ 8 101 72 15 53 4 4 4 4 _ - _ - - - - 50 6 44 _ - - 6 6 - 2 2 53 20 1 19 _ - 15 18 18 13 13 72 24 1 23 _ - 101 9 1 8 _ - 8 P a ck e rs, shipping ______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 239 85 2.14 1.57 _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 18 5 5 8 36 12 4 20 1 51 6 _ - 13 13 _ - 19 16 18 - 14 14 8 - 6 6 _ - 6 6 _ - R eceiving c lerk s ________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ 123 59 64 2.01 2.43 1.62 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 9 9 12 12 _ - 4 4 6 - 6 4 4 14 4 10 8 1 7 7 2 5 _ - 6 3 3 10 10 - 7 7 " 10 10 4 3 1 7 6 1 7 7 2 2 1 1 - 5 5 - Shipping cle rk s __________________________ Manufacturing _______________________ 105 89 2.77 2.92 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 6 6 7 7 21 21 8 8 2 2 5 24 24 Shipping and receivin g cle rk s __________ Manufacturing ___ _________ Nonmanufacturing __ ____ __ __ __ 180 114 66 2.68 2.94 2.23 - 10 8 2 26 6 20 21 13 8 4 2 2 2 2 - 12 12 - 6 45 45 - T r u c k d r iv e r s 7 __________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmarmfar.turincr Pu blic u tilities 4 __________________ 1, 747 529 1, 218 438 2.04 2.23 1.96 2.62 _ - _ - - - T ru ck d riv ers, light (under 1V? tons) ____ __ __ _ _____ M anufacturing ____________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ 134 36 98 1.37 1.65 1.27 - T ru ck d riv ers, m edium (1V2 to and including 4 tons) _______________ M anufacturing ____ ______ ___ Nonmanufacturing ________________ Pu blic utilities 4 _______________ 1, 218 256 962 396 2.00 1.97 2.01 2.62 - See footnotes at end o f table. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ _ - 4 _ _ 4 4 2 2 4 3 1 10 1 9 _ - 13 5 8 _ - _ _ - - - - 1 - - 19 10 9 - 9 5 4 - 7 7 - 24 24 - 72 72 - 127 9 118 - 91 7 84 - 198 8 190 - 46 8 38 - 165 154 11 - 31 8 23 - 2 2 - 6 3 3 3 1 1 - 9 9 _ - 19 16 3 3 86 15 71 71 176 12 164 81 124 115 9 3 119 7 112 60 29 18 11 2 71 11 60 - 218 3 215 215 _ - _ - 4 _ 4 12 12 7 _ 7 10 3 7 27 7 20 23 2 21 26 6 20 10 8 2 _ _ _ - 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 8 7 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ - 3 3 - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 3 _ 3 - - - - - 3 3 12 12 65 65 117 6 111 64 64 106 6 100 18 2 16 113 107 6 23 23 _ 3 3 _ - 9 9 _ 19 16 3 3 86 15 71 71 173 9 164 81 68 62 6 2 78 6 72 36 11 2 9 45 11 34 203 203 203 2 2 _ _ _ _ - _ - 2 124 2 P 124 _ _ - 11 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a rea basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la., A p ril 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccu p a tion 1 and industry division Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S * t * S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average hourly Under 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 . 3.00 earnings'23 $ and and 0.60 under .70 .80 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 over T r u c k d riv e r s 78 — Continued 0 1 9 T r u c k d riv e r s , heavy (over 4 tons, tr a ile r type) _ ____ N onm anufacturing _______ _ __ - 161 110 $2.11 2.34 T r u c k d riv e r s , heavy (o ve r 4 tons, other than tr a ile r type) ------------------ 112 2.01 - - - - - - - T r u c k e r s , pow er (fo rk lift) ______________ M anufacturing --------- ------- — N onm anufacturing ____________________ P u blic u t ilit ie s 45 6 ___________________ 421 318 103 30 2.17 2.29 1.79 2.80 - - - - - 17 17 4 - _ _____ __ _________ M anufacturing ________________________ 81 59 2.12 2.38 - - - ■ W atchm en _ _________ __ __ - ----------M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 176 96 80 1.51 1.75 1.22 - - 16 16 - 4 8 - 2 2 3 - - 110 110 - 3 3 - - 24 24 2 2 39 - 45 - 15 3 12 25 25 4 1 3 _ - . . _ _ - - - - - 2 2 41 40 3 2 26 26 12 12 - - - - - - 46 - 15 - - 6 5 1 19 11 8 1 32 31 1 1 19 15 2 2 - ~ 9 7 2 2 12 12 “ 2 2 “ - 4 _ - 2 - 3 - - 26 26 " 36 10 26 26 4 4 - 9 76 76 - 17 17 1 1 - _ ■ 8 iog - - - - - T r u c k e r s , pow er (other than fo r k lift) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ■ 15 - - " 5 5 " ■ - “ " 6 6 17 14 1 1 11 7 ■ 4 16 16 34 14 20 15 10 5 10 8 2 4 2 2 16 16 2 2 4 8 5 3 14 13 9 9 13 13 - - 4 3 3 1 Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w here otherw ise indicated. E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s: 31 at $0.40 to $0.50; 2 at $0.50 to $0.60. T ran sp ortation , com m u nication, and other public u tilities. W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s: 6 at $3 to $3.20; 2 at $3.60 to $3.80; 6 at $3.80 to $4; 10 at $4 and ov e r. W orkers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s: 9 at $3 to $3.20; 4 at $3.30 to $3.50; 4 at $3.50 to $3.70; 2 at $3.70 to $3.90; 18 at $4 to $4. 20; and 8 at $4. 20 to $4. 40. Includes all d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f size and type o f truck operated. W orkers w e re distributed as fo llo w s: 116 at $3 to $3.10; 8 at $3.20 to $3.30. W ork ers w e re distributed as fo llo w s: 32 at $3 to $3.20; 30 at $3.20 to $3.40; 12 at $3.40 to $3.60; 2 at $3.80 to $4. W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s: 6 at $3 to $3.10; 2 at $3.20 to $3.30. 9 9 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s b y type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, B ir m in g h a m , A la . , A p r il 1962) P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s — In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l A c tu a lly w o rk in g on— S e c o n d sh ift w ork T h ir d o r o th er s h ift w o r k S e co n d sh ift T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift ______________________________ _____________ 9 5 .7 8 1 .9 21. 1 9 .9 W ith sh ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l ________ __ _________ 85. 8 78. 7 18. 9 9 .4 U n ifo r m c e n ts (p e r h o u r) -------------------------------- 83. 9 7 2 .6 18. 6 9. 2 2 c e n ts _ __ _______ 3 c e n ts _____________ __ __________________ ___ ______ 4 c e n ts 5 c e n ts _______________________ _____ ____ 6 c e n ts _______ _____________________________ 7 c e n ts ______________ ______ _____________ 7V2 c e n ts __________ „ _________________ 8 c e n ts ______________________________ ______ 9 c e n ts ______________________________________ 10 c e n ts ______ ______________ _____________ 12 c e n ts ___________ __ _____ _________ 14 V 3 c e n ts _____ ___ ______ _____________ 15 c e n ts ___ _ _ ____________________________ 2 2 V 2 c e n ts _______ _____ ________________________ .4 .5 3. 3 1. 0 4. 1 2. 7 1. 3 56. 1 3. 0 5. 3 6. 3 - T ota l F u ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s _________________ F u ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s plus c e n ts p e r h o u r ________________ ____________________ N o s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l ______________ _______________ _ _ . - - - .2 •3 1. 2 .5 .3 13. 3 .5 1. 1 1. 2 - - - •4 2. i 3. 0 1 .5 5 .9 56. 7 . 5 1. 5 - . 1 - 1 .0 - . .8 . 1 .9 3 .6 (2) 8. 3 - 2 (2 ) - 5. 3 " . 2 9 .9 3. 2 2. 2 . 5 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p eratirfg la te s h ift s , e v e n though th e y w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ift s . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts 13 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D is trib u tio n o f e stablish m en ts stu died in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tra n ce s a la r y f o r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f fic e w o r k e r s , B irm in gh am , A l a . , A p r il 1962) In e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M in im u m w e e k ly s a l a r y 1 O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 N onm anufacturing M anufacturin g B a s e d on standard w e e k ly h ou rs 3 of— A ll in d u s trie s B a s e d on standard w e e k ly hours 3 of— A ll s ch ed u les A ll s ch e d u le s 40 A ll sch e d u le s 130 48 XXX 82 XXX 130 ---------------- 43 16 15 27 17 $ 40. 00 and und er $ 4 2 . 50 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 50 and un d er $ 4 5 . 00 _______________ _______________ ____ $ 4 5 . 00 and un d er $ 4 7 . 50 ................................................................... $ 4 7 . 50 and u nd er $ 50. 00 ----------------------- ---------------------------- $ 50. 00 and u nd er $ 52. 50 ------------------ -------------- ----------- -----$ 52. 50 and un d er $ 55. 00 ------------------------- ------------------------------$ 55. 00 and un d er $ 57. 50 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 57. 50 and u nd er $ 60. 00 ______________________________________ $ 60. 00 and u n d er $ 6 2 .5 0 ______________________________________ $ 62. 50 and u n d er $ 65. 00 __________________________ __________ $ 65. 00 and u n d er $ 6 7 .5 0 ______________________________________ $ 6 7 .5 0 and u n d er $ 70. 00 ______________________________________ $ 70. 00 and u nd er $ 72. 50 ______________________________________ $ 7 2 . 50 and u n d er $ 7 5 . 00 ________________________ _____________ $ 7 5 .0 0 and u nd er $ 7 7 . 50 ---------------------------------- ------- __ O v er $ 7 7 .5 0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 5 15 2 5 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 _ 4 3 2 _ 4 3 2 1 9 2 1 1 - - - 1 2 5 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 - 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 E s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ie d ____________________________________________ E s ta b lis h m e n ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m ----------- E s ta b lis h m e n ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m ---------------------------- - 1 1 1 1 1 2 40 A ll sch ed u les 40 48 XXX 82 XXX 62 23 21 39 29 2 8 16 5 10 2 5 3 _ 1 4 _ 4 6 4 1 2 7 12 5 4 2 1 2 1 2 10 5 3 1 1 2 - - - 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 40 - N onm anufacturing M anufacturin g A ll in d u s trie s - 6 - 4 1 1 1 11 6 XXX 5 XXX 16 8 XXX 8 XXX 76 26 XXX 50 XXX 52 17 XXX 35 XXX E s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich d id not e m p lo y w o rk e rs L o w e s t s a la r y ra te f o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d f o r h irin g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r typing o r o th e r c le r i c a l jo b s . R a tes a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d . H ou rs r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll w ork w eek s co m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n w ork w eek re p o rte d . 14 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in all in d u s trie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by sch e d u le d w e e k ly h ou rs o f f ir s t -s h if t w o r k e r s , B irm in gh a m , A la ., A p r il 1962) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLANT WORKERS W eek ly h ou rs A ll industries A ll w o rk e rs _____________ _____ ________________ U nder 37V2 h ou rs -------------------------------------------------8 7 * /2 h o u r s _ ......... _ . . O ypr 8 7 1/ ’ anH u n d e r 40 h ou rs 42 h ou rs O ver 42 and under 48 h ou rs ____________________ 48 h ou rs _ ________________________ 100 3 M anufacturing Public utilities 1 2 Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 1 31 4 1 6 2 12 5 78 (4 ) 3 (4 ) 2 95 _ 1 _ 68 _ _ _ (4 ) 1 _ 4 Q h o u r s 1 2 3 4 All industries3 j 1 78 3 5 3 1 2 2 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s . In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e t a il tra d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown se p a ra te ly. L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. 88 1 1 (4 ) _ 2 P ublic u tilities2 100 85 6 9 _ _ 15 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by num ber o f paid h olid a ys p r o v id e d annually, B irm in g h a m , A la ., A p r il 1962) PLAN T W ORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Item All industries A ll w o r k e r s _________ __ _________________ — W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g p aid h o lid a y s _ _____________________ ___ ____ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no paid h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------- 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 1 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 93 93 100 7 7 1 (4 ) ' " Number of days L e s s than 5 h o lid a y s __________________________ 5 h o lid a y s __ ______ ______ _____ ____ _____ 5 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf day ______________________ 6 h o lid a y s ______________________ ________________ 6 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day ___________ _______ 6 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf days _____________________ 7 h o lid a y s ____ ____________________________________ 7 h o lid a y s plus 1 h alf day ---------------------------------8 h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 27 9 3 2 6 2 2 9 1 2 2 21 (4 ) 5 52 77 71 - - - 4 (4 ) 2 20 1 8 1 8 (4 ) 6 1 10 20 - 59 76 65 1 2 2 5 “ ' Total holiday time5 8 days ---------------------------- ------------------ -------------l l/z o r m o r e days __________________________ — 7 o r m o r e days _ ______________________________ 6 V 2 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 6 o r m o r e days ------- ---------- ---------------------- _ 5 V 2 o r m o r e days ______ _ __________ _______ 5 o r m o r e days ________ 4 o r m o r e days _________________________ ___ _ 2 o r m o r e days __________________________ ___ - 1 2 3 4 5 no h a lf 4 58 (4 ) (4 ) 80 82 67 88 71 4 57 - 2 2 2 2 5 77 62 79 70 77 62 70 98 70 79 85 90 98 71 85 90 98 99 90 93 99 99 92 93 99 99 100 100 100 93 93 100 100 100 90 In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; re ta il tra d e ; finance, in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s ep a ra tely . T r a n s p o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er pu b lic u tilitie s. In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le trade, re ta il trad e, r e a l estate, and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra tely . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. A ll c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h alf days that add to the sam e am ount are co m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a total o f 7 days in clu d es th ose w ith 7 fu ll days and d a y s, 6 fu ll days and 2 h a lf days, 5 fu ll days and 4 h alf d ays, and so on. P r o p o r t io n s w e r e then cum ulated. 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by v a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s , B irm in g h a m , A la ., A p r il 1962) PLANT W ORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S V a ca tion p o lic y A ll industries 1 M anufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 M anufacturing P ublic utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 100 - - 7 - 1 89 11 - 100 - - - - - - 9 1 27 Method of payment W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g p aid v a ca tion s ----- ------------------ ------- ---------L e n g th -o f-tim e p aym ent _______ ___ ___ P e r c e n ta g e p aym ent ------------- — — ---------F la t -s u m p aym ent --------- ------- ------- ---------O t h e r _______ __________________ _______ _________ W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no paid v a ca tion s ______________ ____ ________ - 1 Amount of vacation p ay4 A fte r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek __________________ ______ ______ 1 w eek ___________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s _ _____ _ __ _____ 2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------- _ 6 46 _ 60 52 11 17 - (5) - 3 10 6 (5) ( 5) 5 _ - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek --------- ------------------7. w r p p lcfi . . ---------- O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s — ---------------- ---------------- _______________________________ 31 63 6 12 57 73 43 - 15 89 10 95 5 74 26 - - - 75 2 90 _ 22 10 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____________________________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ___ ____________________ 2 w eek s _____ ___ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _______________________________ 12 8 2 80 74 7 17 1 20 5 74 - |1 1 - 50 3 47 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____ ___ _____ _____ ____________________________ ____ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 w e e k s ___ _______________________ _________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s 4 5 1 4 74 17 88 7 _ (5) 100 - 24 34 41 - 24 1 55 21 99 - A fte r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s _______________________ 2 w eek s ____________ ,____ ___ , , ______ , , „ . ___ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ______ ___ ______ See foo tn o te s at end o f table. 3 1 89 7 5 4 74 17 _ (5) 100 24 34 42 24 55 21 ! _ 99 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s , B irm in gh a m , A la ., A p r il 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y All industries1 A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 4— Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 C o n t in u e d A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _ _ __ ___ ______ __ ________ __ ___ _ 2 w eeks __ ____ ____ _____ _ ______ __ _____ O v e r 2 and un d er 3 w e e k s __ _______ ____ „ 3 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------ _ 1 90 7 2 2 79 17 2 _ 100 - 7 90 2 5 93 _ 2 1 56 26 18 2 24 62 13 _ 71 29 7 41 37 13 5 27 60 8 82 _ 18 1 54 9 36 2 23 23 52 70 30 7 38 38 16 5 25 60 9 _ 65 5 30 1 20 6 68 5 2 10 15 68 5 _ 3 97 - 7 20 1 70 (5) 5 11 1 83 - _ 4 _ 96 - 1 18 6 65 9 2 10 15 69 5 3 _ 95 2 7 17 _ 71 4 5 9 _ 86 - _ 4 _ 81 15 1 18 6 39 17 19 2 10 15 21 45 8 7 16 31 35 9 5 9 25 57 4 4 _ 60 100 - A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____________________________________________ 2 w eeks __ ___ _____ ________ ______ _ _ __ ___ _______ __ O v e r 2 and un d er 3 w e e k s 3 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------ _ A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek __ __ __ __ _ 2 w eek s _________ __ _ __ O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s 3 w eeks __ _________ _____ __ ___ ___ __ _ _____ ______ __ ___ __ __ _____ _ __ — _ __ __ _ A it e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek — ------_ ----- __ 2 w e e k s __ ___________ _________________ ____________ O v e r 2 and un d er 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w eeks ___ __ _ __ _ __ _____ __ ___ _ _ 4 w e e k s _ __ _ ________ __ ____ _____ A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______________________ ____________________ 2 w eek s __________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u nd er 3 w e e k s __ __ ___ _ 3 w eek s ________ _____ __ ___ ___________ _ 4 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------ _ A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek __________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2 w eek s ________ _______ ________________ __________ O v e r 2 and u nd er 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w eek s ___ _ ___ _____ _____ __ __ ____ O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s ___ _ __ __ 1 2 3 4 s e r v ic e 5 _ 3 64 - 33 In clu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra te ly . T r a n s p o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s. In clu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e ta il trade, r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in du stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra te ly . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o se n and do not n e c e s s a r il y r e fle c t the individual p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r ex a m p le, the changes in p r o p o r tio n s in clu d e ch a n ge s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. _ _ 36 in d ica ted N O T E : In the tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n allo w a n ce s by ye a rs o f s e r v ic e , paym ents o th er than "le n g th o f t im e , " such as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual ea rn in gs and fla t -s u m paym ents, to an equ iva len t tim e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual ea rn in gs w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. at 10 y e a r s ' w e re c o n v erted 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e sta b lish m e n ts p r o v id in g health, in s u ra n ce , o r p e n s io n b e n e fits , B irm in gh am , A la ., A p r il 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS T yp e o f b en efit All industries A ll w o rk e rs --------- — — ------------- ----- — - 1 Manufacturing 100 100 Public utilities 1 2 All industries 3 100 100 100 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts p ro v id in g : L ife in s u ra n ce _____ ___ ___________________ A cc id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in su ra n ce ____ ___________________ __________ S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r s ick lea v e o r b o t h 4 ________________________ 98 97 99 90 93 94 46 32 45 32 24 42 65 76 85 74 76 86 S ick n es s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce _______ S ick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aitin g p e r io d ) _________________________ S ick le a v e (p a rtia l pay o r w aiting p e r io d ) _________________________ 42 75 9 63 81 30 52 59 32 11 3 27 10 3 36 11 7 30 H os p ita liz a tion in su ra n ce __________________ S u rg ica l in su ra n ce __________________ ______ M ed ica l in su ra n ce ___________________________ C ata stroph e in su ra n ce ______________________ R etirem en t p e n s io n _________________________ No health, in s u ra n ce, o r p e n s io n plan ____ 72 72 53 39 80 1 90 90 64 20 91 2 69 69 56 74 74 78 78 39 23 67 7 89 89 34 11 82 4 78 78 61 76 65 1 Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in add ition to those industry d iv isio n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 2 T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s . 3 Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e t a il tra d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s shown se p a ra te ly . 4 U nduplicated total o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce show n s e p a r a te ly b e lo w . S ic k -le a v e plans are lim ite d to th ose m in im um num ber o f days' pay that can be e x p e c te d by e a ch e m p lo y e e . In fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n ce s d e te r m in e d on an individual b a s is are exclu ded. w h ich d e fin ite ly e s t a b lis h at le a s t the Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more sp ecific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. 19 Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (hilling machine)—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B—Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (hookkeeping machine)—U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 21 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C—Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 23 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. CZoss B—Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See tran scribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 24 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A—Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences o f long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group o f tabulating-machine operators. Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A—Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B—Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 25 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts* man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 26 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish• ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 27 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, die millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates* with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 28 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types o f sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. 29 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed', and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stotk selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Ship ping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 30 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under iy2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (iy2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0 — 645492
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