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Occupational Wage Survey SOUTH BEND, INDIANA MARCH 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-54 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretory BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner I fNew England Region 18 Oliver Screet Boston 10, Mass. I Liberty 2-2113 Occupational Wage Survey SOUTH BEND, INDIANA MARCH 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-54 May 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2 5, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a ge S u rv ey P r o g r a m T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f ic e in C h ic a g o , 111., by W o o d r o w C . Linn, u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f G e o r g e E. V ota v a , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r f o r W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s . 1 3 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y _____ P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p s ________________________________________________________ O cc u p a tio n a l ea r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s _______________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ______ A - 3. M a in ten a n ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a t io n s ____ A - 4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s A p p en d ix : O cc u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s a r e a v a ila b le in the South Bend, Ind. , a r e a r e p o r t f o r A p r il I9 6 0 , w h ich a ls o in c lu d e s da ta on e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v i s io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ic a tin g date o f study an d th e p r ic e o f th is r e p o r t , as w e ll as the r e p o r t s f o r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le u pon r e q u e s t. U nion s c a l e s , in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a r e a ls o a v a ila b le f o r s e v e n s e le c t e d bu ild in g t r a d e s in the South B end a r e a . 2 2 ^ vo r- oo T h e B u rea u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u la r ly c o n d u c ts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l cen ters. T h e s tu d ie s, m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly s p rin g , r e la te to o c c u p a t io n a l ea r n in g s and r e la t e d su p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le t io n o f th e study in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s ad d ition a l data not in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g th e r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le t io n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t roun d o f s u r v e y s . In tr o d u c tio n _________________________________________________________________ W age tr e n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s _________________________ 9 Occupational W age Survey—South Bend, Ind. Introduction This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis. The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occu pations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. In each area, data are obtained from representative establish ments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transpor tation, 1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; re tail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to war rant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to ail establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. ) Earnings data are presented (in the A -series tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (Z) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the 1 Railroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these studies, relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except Balti pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn more (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October 1959), ings data. Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959). 2 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ied in South B en d, I n d ., 1 b y m a jo r in d u str y d iv is io n , 2 M a r c h 1961 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts In d u stry d iv is io n W ith in sc o p e o f stud y3 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n ts W ith in sc o p e o f study Studied Studied ________________________________________________________________ 137 75 3 9 .9 0 0 3 4 . 210 M a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and oth e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 ______________________________________________ W h o le s a le tra d e 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------R e ta il tra d e 5 ___________________________________________________________ F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te 5 -----------------------------------------S e r v i c e s 5* 6 _____________________________________________________________ 55 82 32 43 2 9 ,4 0 0 10 , 500 2 7 ,3 9 0 6, 82 0 22 12 26 7 15 17 5 10 5 6 A l l d iv is io n s 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 100 00 0 30 0 00 0 100 2, 20 0 420 1, 89 0 1, 8 0 0 510 1 The South B en d Stan d ard M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is t ic a l A r e a (S t. J o se p h C o u n ty ). The "w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e of s t u d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip t io n of the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t im a t e s a r e not in ten d ed , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith oth e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e ( l ) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u s e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad van ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and (2) s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n ts a r e ex clu d e d f r o m the sc o p e of the s u r v e y . 2 The 19 57 r e v is e d ed itio n of the S tan d ard In d u str ia l C la s s if ic a t io n M an u al w a s u s e d in c la s s if y in g e s t a b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . M a jo r c h a n g es f r o m the e a r l ie r ed itio n (u se d in the B u r e a u ’ s la b o r m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s con d u cted p r io r to J uly 1958) a r e the t r a n s f e r o f m il k p a s te u r iz a tio n p la n ts and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e s t a b lis h m e n ts f r o m tra d e (w h o le sa le o r r e ta il) to m a n u fa c tu r in g , and the t r a n s f e r o f r a d io and t e le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g f r o m s e r v i c e s to the t r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p ub lic u tilit ie s d iv is io n . 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at or ab o v e the m i n i m u m -s i z e lim ita t io n (5 0 e m p lo y e e s ) . A ll o u tle ts (w ith in the a rea ) of c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u s tr ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o t io n -p ic t u r e t h e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t. 4 T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in cid e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 5 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s fo r " a l l in d u s t r i e s " and "n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " in the S e r ie s A t a b l e s . S e p a r a te p r e se n ta tio n o f data f o r th is d iv is io n is not m a d e fo r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t in the d iv is io n is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it se p a r a te stu d y, (2) the s a m p le w as not d e sig n e d in itia lly to p e r m it se p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in ad eq u ate to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , (4) th e re i s p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e of in d ivid u al e s t a b lis h m e n t d ata. 6 H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir sh o p s; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c tu r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2. P e r c e n ts of in c r e a s e in sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c te d o c cu p a tio n a l gro u p s in South B en d , I n d ., A p r il I9 6 0 to M a r c h 1961 O c c u p a tio n a l gro u p s O ffic e c le r i c a l (w om en) -----------------------------------------In d u str ia l n u r s e s (w om en ) -----------------------------------S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m en) -----------------------------------U n s k ille d plant (m en) ----------------------------------------------- A l l in d u s tr ie s 2. 2 2. 7 2 .9 2. 0 M a n u fa c tu rin g 3. 3. 3. 2. 2 2 0 9 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of women office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work pn weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The p er centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; keypunch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine op erators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal workers; and tool and die makers; unskilled—janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the months indicated in the title of table 2. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, s i n c e they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Indexes for the period 1953 to I960 for workers in 20 major labor markets will appear in BLS Bull. 1265-62, Wages and Related Benefits, 60 Labor Markets, Winter 1959-60. 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1961) A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly hours 1 (Standard) Weeklyearnings 1 (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 under 45. 00 - ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 50. 00 _55. 00_ .6 0 , 0.0 _65._00. O O 45. 00 O 40. 00 _ 75. 00 $ 75. 00 ~ $ 80. 00 ~ 80. 00. .8 5 . 00 $ 85. 00 - _9Q . $ $ 9 0 .0 0 - 9 5 . 0 0 - $ $ $ 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . - - 00 . 95. 00_ 1 0 0 .0 0 105. .00 1.10.. 00 1 0 0 $ $ $ 1 1 5 .0 0 120. 00 1 2 5 .0 0 - - lA-.oo 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 and over Men C lerk s, accounting, c la ss A Manufacturing __ ___ ____ C lerk s, ord er Manufacturing _ _ ................. ___________________________________________ C lerk s, p ayroll Manufacturing ___ _ ___ _______ Office boys __________ Manufacturing ____________ . _ _ - _ - _ - _ - $1 08 .0 0 112.00 104.00 40 1 6 40. 0 40. 0 98.00 106.00 “ - “ ■ 17 15 40. 0 40. 0 88.50 87.00 ~ “ - - 24 19 40. 0 40. 0 60.00 62.50 4 4 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ " “ “ ■ " ■ _ _ . " 1 1 1 1 19 7 12 8 8 _ - _ - 4 28 20 40. 0 40. 0 111.00 '~ri'5.'5o" 47 '" 2 5 40. 0 40. 0 96.50 103.00 _ B ille r s, m achine (billing machine) _ _____ ___ _ _ Manufacturing _____________ ___ _ __ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ 46 20 26 4 1 .0 40. 0 4 1 .5 66.50 70.00 63.50 1 1 _ " 6 4 2 Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, c la ss A _____________ 32 40. 0 67.50 _ _ _ 5 Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, class B _____________ Manufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ 151 30 121 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 60.50 75.50 56.50 10 10 14 14 15 15 C lerk s, accounting, c la ss A _____________________________ Manufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ _____ ___________________________ 51 id 33 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 78.00 80.50 ,7 7 .0 0 . . - - . - ■ " 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 64.00 67.50 61.50 . 24 4 1 .0 T 5 ------ " W 74.00 82.06 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B ________________ Manufacturing __ _______ _ - 40. 0 40. 0 40 . 0 _ Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss A _____ Manufacturing ____ ______ _______ _ - 47 24 23 " - ■ - - 7 7 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 12 1 11 9 3 6 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 8 1 5 1 3 ■ ~ 4 ~ “ 2 2 8 6 16 4 2 2 9 9 2 1 - - 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 1 - - 1 ------1----- 3 3 - - - - - - - - _ 1 4 3 2 2 26 6 _ 2 ~ 2 ' _ _ ~ 2 1 8 5 3 2 3 1 5 2 8 4 7 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 ~ 1 1 . - 3 2 1 _ - _ - - 2 2 - - - 14 2 4 2 2 1 2 _ _ _ 47 3 44 26 3 23 10 1 9 16 13 3 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 2 2 - - - - " ■ " - - 4 4 1 1 4 4 10 2 8 7 7 9 2 7 2 1 1 . “ 1 1 2 2 4 4 - _ _ 1 ■ _ _ 1 1 2 10 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - . . _ _ 2 - W om en 148 65 83 C lerk s, accounting, c la ss B _____________________________ Manufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________ _______________________ C lerk s, file , c la ss A _____________________________________ Manufacturing _____________________ ___________________ See footnotes at end of table, — - ■ " 10 2 8 20 5 15 23 7 16 . . 8 34 17 17 1 ----- 1------ 24 11 13 " 11 7 4 11 7 4 8 5 3 11 6 5 3 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 5 5 2 1 — 2------ ----- 1------ - . . - - - “ ' " ■ ■ _ _ _ " - - . - . - . - - " ■ _ _ . . _ 5 Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1961) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly . earnings1 (Standard) $ 40. 00 and under 45 . 00 $ 45. 00 - - _ _ - - - - _ 1 - 50. 00 $ 50. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 110. 00 115. 00 120. 00 125. 00 55. 00 _6Q._ 00 _65. 00 _70. 00 ._7.5j._00_ _8 0 .0 0 .8 5 . 00. _9,0. 00 95.. 00 lo o , oo_ I0_5,.00 110.00 . 115. 00 i2.Q_.jm 125. 00 and over Women— Continued C lerk s, order _____________________________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 22 16 41. 0 40. 0 $ 6 4 .5 0 65. 00 C lerk s, p ayroll -----------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- ----------- 98 79 19 40 . 5 40. 0 41. 5 74. 00 76. 50 64. 00 C om ptom eter op erators --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- _ - 39 37 40. 0 40. 0 76. 50 78. 00 Duplicating-m achine operators (M im eograph or Ditto) __________________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 24 17 40. 0 40. 0 72. 00 79. 00 Keypunch op erators _______________________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 156 81 40. 0 40. 0 69. 00 76. 50 Office g ir ls _________________________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________________________ 27 16 40. 0 40. 0 S ec retaries -------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ Public u tilities 3 ___________________________________ 451 306 145 18 40. 40. 40. 40. Stenographers, general ----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------- 392 287 105 Switchboard op erators ___________________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ - 2 2 4 1 8 8 3 - 1 1 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 11 3 8 4 4 18 17 1 11 7 4 13 12 1 11 10 1 8 5 3 4 4 - 4 3 1 6 6 - 2 2 " 3 3 2 2 _ - - 3 2 3 3 16 16 4 4 1 1 2 2 8 8 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ - - _ - - ■ - - - _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ “ _ - - - 1 1 _ - 2 1 - - 1 - 2 1 6 6' - 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 13 13 1 26 20 14 6 33 27 18 16 3 3 5 5 2 2 _ “ 23 1 _ " 6 - - - 57. 50 6 1 .5 0 1 - 5 1 5 4 7 2 1 1 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 91. 97. 77. 91. _ - 23 23 - 26 3 23 1 21 3 18 - 39 18 21 3 30 20 10 3 31 22 9 - 59 46 13 1 91 79 12 6 41 36 5 3 34 32 2 - 25 22 3 - 11 11 - 4 4 - - - 9 8 1 1 _ _ - _ 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ 00 50 50 50 - 4 4 - - 3 2 1 “ 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 76. 00 80. 50 64. 00 2 2 12 2 10 14 4 10 17 7 10 43 21 22 43 21 22 55 41 14 50 42 8 45 38 7 42 42 " 34 34 " 21 21 “ 12 12 - 1 1 “ 1 1 - 49 30 19 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 69. 50 78. 00 55. 50 4 4 1 1 4 2 2 7 2 5 7 2 5 3 2 1 6 6 3 3 - 4 3 1 4 4 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - _ . . - . - - Switchboard o p erator-rec ep tion ists ____________________ Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 37 21 16 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 65. 50 67. 00 63. 50 7 5 2 8 3 5 2 2 " 5 5 3 2 1 2 1 1 . - - _ _ _ _ _ " - - - 40. 0 40. 0 82. 00 82. 50 _ _ - 20 19 _ - Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B ---------------------Manufacturing __________________________________________ _ - 1 1 - _ _ - 6 2 4 _ - " 3 3 _ - _ _ 2 2 . _ _ - 4 4 _ - 11 11 _ - 1 1 _ - 2 1 - - - - - - - Tran scrib in g-m ach in e op erators, general -----------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------- 73 42 40. 0 39. 5 64. 50 69. 50 13 2 15 5 17 11 6 5 9 9 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 _ _ _ _ . . . - 1 - “ - - “ - - - T yp ists, c la ss A ___________________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 109 92 17 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 79. 50 82. 50 62. 00 _ 1 1 9 - 17 17 - 9 9 - - _ - - _ _ 9 14 14 - _ 1 13 11 2 _ - 16 16 - _ 1 19 18 1 _ - 8 6 2 _ - 2 1 1 - - - - - - Typ ists, c la s s B ___________________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________________________ 272 71 40. 0 40. 0 58. 00 67. 50 56 1 82 7 30 6 32 4 44 31 16 11 6 6 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 _ - _ 1 “ _ - - ' 1 Standard hours refle ct the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 125 to $ 130; 1 at $ 130 to $ 135. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. - _ - 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, In d ., M arch 1961) number OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division D raftsm en , senior ________ Manufacturing __________ D raftsm en , junior Manufacturing __________ N u rses, industrial ( registered) Manufacturing ________________ 69 40. 0 40. 0 $135.50 136.00 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 100.50 104.50 15 15“ 10 TO" 95.00 "9 5 3 0 - 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 1 at $ 60 to $ 6 5 ; 6 at $ 65 to $ 7 0 ; 1 at $ 70 to $ 7 5 . 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Power-plant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1961) NUMBER OF WORKEES RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division of workers hourly , earnings 1 $ 1. 80 under 1. 90 $ 1. 90 “ 2. 00 $ 2. 00 ” 2. 10 C arpen ters, maintenance ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 35 34 $ 3. 06 3. 05 E le ctr icia n s, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 168 3. 09 3. 09 E n gin ee rs, stationary ___________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 27 21 2. 91 3766" _ F ir e m e n , stationary boiler _____________________ M an u factu rin g______________________ __________ 55 55 2. 70 2. 70 4 4 H e lp e r s, tra d e s, maintenance _________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 25 21 2. 38 2 .4 4 _ _ _ - - - M achin e-tool operators , toolroom _____________ Manufacturing __________________________________ 61 61 2. 93 2. 93 - - - M a c h in ists, maintenance ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 49 49 2. 82 2. 82 . “ " M ech anics, automotive (maintenance) ________ Manufacturing _____ ,___________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ Public utilities 2 ___________________________ 124 55 69 66 2. 83 2766" 2. 81 2. 82 M ech anics, maintenance _________________________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 93 93 3. 06 3706 M illw rights _________________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 166 166 3. 07 3. 07 O ilers _______________________________________________ Manufacturing __________ _____________________ 44 44 Painters , maintenance __________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ P ip efitte rs, maintenance ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 16 8 _ _ $ 2. 10 _ 2. 20 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 " 2. 30 “ 2 .4 0 2. 50 $ 2. 80 2 .8 0 “ 2. 90 2. 70 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 ” 3. 20 “ 3. 30 - 19 19 6 6 65 65 45 45 11 11 _ . _ _ - - “ - ' _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 2 . - 4 4 3 3 10 10 8 8 10 10 4 4 12 12 4 - 7 7 3 3 7 7 _ 2 2 . 2 2 . " - - - - - - - " - " - 16 16 - - 13 13 - - 5 5 “ - _ . _ 1 1 _ " 1 1 8 8 9 9 15 15 7 7 3 3 _ " 1 1 2 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 23 6 17 17 2 2 - 3 3 1 1 - " - 7 4 3 3 26 1 25 25 21 " 5 5 - - - 2 2 _ 12 12 _ 1 1 1 1 20 20 10 10- _ ■ 44 44 - 1 1 33 33 7 7 4 4 67 67 45 45 7 7 9 9 _ _ _ 3 3 1 1 _ 7 7 14 14 . _ . “ ■ " - - _ . " _ " 1 1 _ - - 2 2 2. 59 2. 59 _ _ _ - 19 19 3. 00 3. 00 - . 117 117 3. 12 3. 12 - " _ _ . - - - _ _ _ 26 - " - - 2 2 - - _ - _ - - - - “ - - - - - “ " " " “ _ _ _ _ " . - _ - Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts T ran sportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. - - 4 4 2 6 . " “ . 6 ---------g— 3 .4 0 “ 3. 50 “ 3. 60 3 3 " . . . " ■ " . " - _ . _ - - - - - - - _ 26 26 1 1 _ _ - - . _ _ “ 4 4 “ - 30 30 . - . - . - - - - - . - - - - ■ 1 1 2 2 - 2 2 - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ - _ - 21 21 _ - - 3. 50 8 7 _ 1 1 $ 14 14 5 “ _ “ _ 3 .4 0 1 1 26 2 6 — . " $ 2 2 1 1 . " 3. 30 " 3. 10 1 1 . $ _ 3. 00 2 -------- 2 ■ - - 2. 70 3 3 _ ■ _ 3. 32 3. 32 $ ~ " _ _ 258 258 2. 60 1 1 - T ool and die m ak ers _____________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ $ 1 1 - " 3. 08 3. 08 “ 2. 60 2 2 “ _ 24 24 2. 50 - " _ _ $ 3 3 " - S h eet-m etal w orkers , maintenance ____________ Manufacturing __ ____________ ______________ $ 1 1 9 9 5 5 _ - . 55 55 40 40 - - " " 1 1 _ _ _ _ ■ - - - 4 4 4 4 - 12 12 - - 5 5 5 5 1 1 4 4 24 24 7 7 " _ _ _ _ - - - 4 4 . . . - - - 16 l6 39 39 157 157 _ 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of Occupation1 and industry division E levator op erators, passen ger (women) Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ Average $ $ hourly 2 1. 00 1. 10 earnings under 1. 10 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 70 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1. 70 1. 80 19 19 $ 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 3 14 14 2 2 2. 48 2. 49 _ _ _ 169 167 - - Janitors, p orte rs, and clean ers (men) Manufacturing _ _ _ __ Nonmanufacturing .... Public utilities 4 433 322 111 17 2. 12 2. 30 1 .5 8 1 .8 2 6 6 - 6 6 - 16 1 15 160 49 1 .3 4 1 .9 7 86 - 9 - 290 194 96 36 2. 2. 2. 2. _ - _ _ 181 93 88 2. 39 2. 52 2. 26 - - 130 128 2 .4 2 2. 41 _ _ _ - - Receiving clerk s _ ... ...................... Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing ______________ _______________ 80 63 17 2 .4 6 2. 54 2. 16 _ - _ - - Shipping clerk s Manufacturing 92 77 2. 47 2. 51 305 70 235 130 2. 67 2. 54 2. 71 2 .8 9 T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) _ _ _ Manufacturing __________ _________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 74 28 46 2. 55 2 .4 8 2. 60 - T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______ 52 43 2. 58 2. 56 - - - 311 305 2. 53 2. 53 _ _ _ - - - 35 28 1 .9 6 2. 14 _ _ 6 1 1 Guards Manufacturing ......... Janitors, p orte rs, and clean ers (women) Manufacturing _______ L ab ore rs, m a teria l handling Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 'PnTVHr' Order fille r s Mannfa rtn ri ngr Nonmanufacturing P ackers, shipping Manufacturing _____ _____ _____ __ _ _ _ ______ __ ____ _____ _ __ ___ _ ____________ _ _ ____ _____ __ T ru ck d rivers 5 ____________________________________ Manufacturing ___ __ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 'PnVilir' T ru ck ers, power (forklift) Manufacturing ________ W atchmen _ _______ Manufacturing ___________ 1 2 3 4 5 .. 42 41 46 82 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 and over 3 3 " - - - - “ _ _ _ _ _ _ - " - - 6 4 “ - - 18 9 9 3 19 12 7 - 20 1 19 - 15 9 6 1 29 9 20 10 7 2 5 1 33 26 7 1 8 8 - - 8 8 - 14 10 6 6 10 - 1 - 1 _ _ _ - - 4 4 - - _ - 10 10 _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 1 1 _ - _ - - - “ _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - _ " - - _ 12 48 48 _ 11 11 _ - 25 22 3 1 - - 3 3 16 16 10 10 3 3 _ _ 18 18 _ 60 24 36 27 - - 1 1 _ _ _ - - _ - 1 1 _ - - - " 3 3 _ 130 - - " - . _ - 103 103 - - - - 139 139 _ 72 72 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - 4 4 - - - - 31 31 _ 25 25 _ 33 21 12 50 45 5 25 25 25 11 _ 11 11 10 10 _ 10 8 2 25 8 19 52 31 21 29 11 18 24 23 1 14 14 - - - 6 6 16 16 67 65 _ _ _ _ - 40 40 - - - - 3 3 _ - _ - 11 11 - 13 13 - 1 1 1 1 - _ - 15 4 11 32 32 “ 5 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 2 21 21 43 43 _ _ _ - 16 4 - - - 1 1 - _ - _ - 1 1 - 16 1 15 23 1 22 40 7 33 49 49 - 36 5 31 4 4 132 2 130 3 3 _ 1 1 - - 1 1 10 1 9 9 1 8 7 7 12 16 3 13 _ - 18 _ _ - 14 14 6 6 6 18 18 - 5 5 _ 30 26 23 23 210 - 2 2 25 23 - 1 1 9 9 2 2 4 4 _ _ _ _ 10 10 - _ 27 - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ “ - - _ 1 Data lim ited to m en w orkers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes 8 w ork ers at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Includes all d rivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. _ _ - _ _ 3 3 - - - - - - 1 1 _ 19 19 _ 9 9 _ ----- T T ~ it - ZTtP _ - - t - _ - 16 _ 3 - 9 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because o f this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability o f occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes fa applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills , and in v oices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May a lso keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other cle rica l work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type o f machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B iller , machine (billing machine} — U ses a sp e cia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application o f prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f pecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number o f carbon cop ies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. , B iller machine (bookkeeping machine}— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry o f figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. D oes not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. C lass A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated re ports, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. C lass B— Keeps a record of one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts oayable, pay roll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a ss is t in prep aration o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the a c counting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c countant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a complete set o f books or records relating to one phase o f an e s tablishment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and 10 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la ss B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffice s in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distrib uting pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) CLERK, FILE C la ss A — Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. C la ssifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. C lass B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified , or locates or a ssists in locating ma terial in the file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjust ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file o f used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 11 SECRETARY SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and making phone ca lls ; handling personal and important 01 confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May pre pare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may type or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this w orkers while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D oes not include transcribing machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). - p osi also This time OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition operate auxiliary machines. , TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, e tc. D oes not include transcribing• machine work . Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR TYPIST Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls. May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 12 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST— Continued Class A— Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected cop y in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance PR O F E SSIO N A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to sca le units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cr o s s-s e ctio n s , e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B— Performs one or more o f the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. ND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 13 M AINTENANCE D PO W E R PL A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosingtrouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or c h ie f engineers in establishm ents employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 14 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo s e tolerances; making standard shop computations re la ting to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the m achinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sisten cy. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various size s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size o f pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* la general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 15 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. C U S T O D I A L A N D M (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve o combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an o ffice , apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 16 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, customers" orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various tvpes of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places o f business. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes Or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver ( combination o f s iz e s listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 ton s) Truckdriver, medium (1 % to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled ga solin e- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNM ENT P R IN TIN G OFFICE : 1961 0 — 594712 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-51 Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.—N.J.— Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285❖ Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285-34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, Tex.— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285-53 ❖ Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285*Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 ❖ Jackson, Miss.— Bull. 1285-42 ❖ ❖ Jacksonville, Fla.— Bull. 1285-30 ❖ Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Ma*s.—N.H.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Buil. 1285-6 Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285**Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 ❖ ❖ Buffalo, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, Vt.— Bull. 1285*57 *Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N.C.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285- Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285-52 Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285❖ Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 ^Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 ^Miami, Fla.— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285* * Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285- 39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285❖ Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 ❖ Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285-38 ❖ Dallas, Tex.— Bull. 1285-21 ❖ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 *Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-41 ❖ Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285-27 ❖ Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285*43 ❖ ^Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 ❖ ❖ Fort Worth, Tex.— Buil. 1285- 23 ❖ Newark and Jersey City, N.J.— Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, L a.— Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 ❖ ❖ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285-55 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285-44 Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285- 1? Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull, i285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285Raleigh, N .C.— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285- 2 6 ~ Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285*10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, T ex.— Bull. 1285❖ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C a lif.— Bull. 1285*36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285*8___ ❖ ❖ Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 ❖ ❖ ❖ Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285-54 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285*50 Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285-25 Washington, D .C.—Ma.—Va.— Bull. 1285*22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285-56 Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1^85-20 Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285- 9 Wilmington, D el.—N .J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, P a.— Bull. 1285-45 An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. ❖ Price, 20 ce n ts. ❖ ❖ Price, 25 ce n ts. ❖ ❖ ❖ Price, 15 cents.
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