The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Occupational Wage Survey TOLEDO, OHIO MARCH 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-50 U N ITED S T A T E S D EPA R TM EN T O F LA BO R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS E w m ClagM , Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey TOLEDO, OHIO MARCH 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-50 May 1961 UN ITED ST A T ES D EPA RTM EN T OF LA BO R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents; U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page The C om m u n ity Wage S u rvey P r o g r a m T a b les: 1. E s ta b lish m en ts and w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e o f su rv e y A O ccu p ation a l earn in g s: * A - 1. O ffice o ccu p a tio n s ______________________________ A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o ccu p a tio n s _______ A - 3. M aintenance and pow erp lan t o ccu p a tio n s _____ A - 4. C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m ov em en t o ccu p a tio n s B: E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : B - 1. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ____________________________________________ B -2 . M inim um en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s __ B -3 . Sch edu led w eek ly h ou rs _____________________________________ B -4 . P aid h olid a y s ________________________________________________ B -5 . P aid v a ca tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------B -6 . Health, in su r a n ce , and p en sion plans ______________________ Appendix: O ccu p ation a l d e s c r ip tio n s --------------------------------------------------------- * N O TE: S im ila r tabu lation s fo r th ese and oth er ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the r e p o r ts fo r su rv ey s in oth er m a jo r a r e a s . A d ir e c t o r y in d icatin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , is a v a ila b le upon re q u e st. Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tra d e s o r in d u strie s : B u ild ing co n s tr u c tio n , prin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . li i vO t"- 00 This r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ica g o, 111. , by W ood row C. Linn, under the d ir e c tio n o f G e o rg e E . V otava, A s s is ta n t R eg ion a l D ir e c to r fo r W ages and In du stria l R e la tio n s . 1 V The B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics r e g u la r ly con d u cts a reaw id e w age s u rv e y s in a n um ber o f im p orta n t in d u stria l cen ters. The stu d ies, m ade fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r ela te to occu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en tary b e n e fits. A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in ea ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied. T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s ad d i tion a l data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t. A c o n s o li dated a n a ly tica l b u lletin su m m a rizin g the r e s u lts o f all o f the y e a r 's su r v e y s is is s u e d a fter c o m p le tio n o f the fin al a re a b u lletin fo r the c u r re n t roun d o f s u r v e y s . In trod u ction 10 11 H 12 13 13 17 Occupational Wage Survey—Toledo, Ohio Introduction This a re a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l ce n te rs in w h ich the U. S. D ep artm en t o f L a b o r 's B u reau o f L a b or S ta tistics has con du cted su r v e y s o f occu p a tio n a l earn in g s and rela ted w age b en efits on an a re a w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e re obtained b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is ts to r e p re s e n ta tiv e esta b lish m en ts w ithin six b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an ufacturin g; tra n sp o rta tio n , 1 co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le trad e; r e ta il tra d e; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s ex clu d ed fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g ov ern m en t op era tion s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a r e om itted a ls o b e c a u s e they fu rn ish in su ffic ie n t e m p loy m en t in the o ccu p a tion s studied to w a r rant in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , sep a ra te tabu lation s a r e p ro v id e d fo r ea ch o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h ese s u rv e y s a r e con du cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v olv ed in su rv ey in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts. To obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g re a te r p r o p o r t io n of la rg e than o f s m a ll e sta b lish m en ts is studied. In com b in in g the data, h ow e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iven th eir a p p ro p ria te w eigh t. E stim a tes b a s e d on the e sta b lish m en ts studied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e latin g to a ll e sta b lish m en ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and a r e a , e x cep t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e studied. O ccu p ation s and E arn in gs The occu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p ation a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a se d on a u n ifo rm set of jo b d e s c r ip tio n s design ed to take a ccou n t of in te re sta b lish m e n t v a ria tio n in duties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See appendix fo r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip tio n s . ) E arn in gs data are p r e se n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r the fo llo w in g types of o c c u p a tion s: (a) O ffice c le r i c a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c ) m a in te n an ce and p ow erp lan t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m ov em en t. late sh ifts. N on produ ction bon u ses a re exclu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in cen tive earn in g s a re in clu ded . W here w eek ly h ou rs a r e r e p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o ccu p a tio n s, r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sch ed u les (rounded to the n e a r e s t h alf h ou r) fo r w hich s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e paid; a v e ra g e w eek ly earn in gs fo r these o ccu p a tion s have b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h alf d o lla r . A v e ra g e earn in gs o f m en and w om en a r e p resen ted se p a r a te ly fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tion s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p loy ed . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p a tion s a re la r g e ly due to ( l ) d iffe r e n c e s in the d istrib u tion of the s e x e s am ong in d u stries and esta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d , although the occu p a tion s a re a p p ro p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sa m e su r v e y jo b d e s cr ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in length of s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a re adju sted on this b a s is . L on g er a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h igh er a v e ra g e pay when both se x e s a re em p loyed w ithin the sa m e rate ran ge. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in these su rv ey s a r e u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in dividual esta b lish m en ts to allow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p ation a l em p loy m en t estim a tes r e p r e s e n t the total in a ll esta b lish m en ts w ithin the sc o p e of the study and not the n u m ber a ctu a lly su rv e y e d . B eca u se of d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tion a l stru ctu re am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts, the e stim a tes o f occu p a tion a l em p loym en t obtained fr o m the sa m p le o f esta b lish m en ts studied s e r v e only to in dicate the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u pa tion al s tru ctu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n ings data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and Su pplem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form ation is p resen ted a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d esta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary b en efits as they r e late to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The term " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " as u sed O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t and earn in g s data a r e shown fo r in this b u lletin , in clu d es w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ire d to w o rk a re g u la r w eek ly s c h e d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c le r i c a l or rela ted fu n ction s, and ex clu d es a d m in u le in the g iven o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data ex clu de is tr a tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r so n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and clude w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o rk e r s (including lea d m en and tr a in e e s ) engaged in n o n o ffic e fu n ction s. A d m in istra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tru ctio n 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r ly e x clu d ed fr o m the s c o p e of th ese stu d ie s, e m p lo y e e s who a re u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w o rk fo r c e a r e ex clu d ed . w e r e in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s studied sin c e July 1959, e x ce p t B a lti C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and rou tem en a r e ex clu d ed in m a n u factu rin g in du s m o r e (S ep tem b er 1959 and D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ), B u ffalo (O cto b e r 1959^, t r ie s , but a re in clu ded as plant w o r k e r s in nonm an ufacturin g in d u strie s . C levela n d (S ep tem b er 1959), and Seattle (A ugust 1959). 2 T ab le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s within scope of su rv e y and num ber studied in T o led o , O hio, 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv isio n , 2 M a rc h 1961 M in im um em ploym en t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in scope of study Industry d iv isio n N u m b er of e sta b lish m e n ts W ithin scope of study 3 W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts W ithin scope of study Studied Studied Total 4 O ffice Plant T otal 4 ______________________________________________________ 50 298 121 7 8 ,0 0 0 12, 900 4 8 ,8 0 0 55, 590 M anufacturing ____________________________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________________________ ____ ______ T ra n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s 5 ___ ____ _____________________________ W h o lesa le trade _______________________________________________ R e ta il trade -----------------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e, in su r a n ce , and r e a l estate _____________________ S e r v ic e s 7 ______________________________________________________ 50 50 140 158 63 58 4 8 ,4 0 0 2 9 ,6 0 0 7, 500 5, 400 31, 800 1 7 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,4 6 0 18, 130 50 50 50 50 50 33 30 49 20 26 17 9 19 5 8 1 0 ,0 0 0 3, 600 10, 700 2, 600 2, 700 1, 800 5, 000 7, 660 1 ,4 6 0 6, 570 1, 270 1, 170 A ll d iv isio n s ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 1 The T oled o Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a (L u ca s C ounty). The "w o r k e r s within scope of stu d y " e s tim a te s shown in this table provide a r e a so n a b ly a c cu ra te d e sc r ip tio n o f the siz e and co m p o sitio n of the la b o r fo r c e in clu d ed in the su rv e y . The e s tim a te s a re not intended, h ow ever, to s e r v e as a b a s is of c o m p a r iso n with other a rea em p loym en t in dexes to m e a s u r e em ploym en t trend s or le v e ls sin ce (1) planning of w age su rv e y s r e q u ir e s the u se of e sta b lish m e n t data c o m p iled c o n sid e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p eriod studied, and (2) sm a ll e sta b lish m e n ts a re excluded fr o m the scope o f the su rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d edition of the Standard In d ustrial C la s s ific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in d u stry d iv isio n . M a jo r chan ges fr o m the e a r lie r edition (u sed in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a r k e t wage su rv e y s conducted p r io r to July 1958) a r e the tr a n s fe r of m ilk p a ste u riz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c rete e sta b lish m e n ts fr o m trade (w h o lesa le or retail) to m an u fa c tu rin g , and the t r a n s fe r of rad io and te le v is io n b ro a d ca stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp ortation , c o m m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s d iv isio n . 3 Includes a ll e sta b lish m e n ts with total em p lo y m en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the area) o f c om p an ie s in such in d u str ie s as tra d e , fin a n c e, auto rep a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th e a te rs are c o n sid e r e d as 1 e sta b lish m e n t. 4 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w ater tra n sp o rta tio n w ere ex clu d ed . 6 T h is in d u stry d iv isio n is r e p r e se n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A and B ta b le s . Sep arate p resen ta tio n of data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ade for one or m o r e of the follow in g r e a so n s: (1) E m p lo y m en t in the d iv isio n is too s m a ll to p rovide enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sam p le w as not d esign ed in itia lly to p e r m it sep arate p resen tation , (3) r e sp o n se w as in su fficie n t or inadequate to p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (4) there is p o s s ib ility o f d is c lo s u r e of in dividu al e sta b lish m e n t d ata. 7 H o tels; p er so n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile re p a ir sh ops; m otion p ic tu r e s; n onprofit m e m b e r sh ip o r g a n iza tio n s; and en gin eerin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . 3 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a re lim ite d to m anu factu ring in d u strie s . This in form a tion is p r e se n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o l i c y , 2 p r e se n te d in te r m s o f total plant w o rk e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c tiv e p r a c t ic e , p r e se n te d on the b a sis o f w o rk e r s actu a lly em p loy ed on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su rv ey . In estab lish m en ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n tia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity was u sed o r , if no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s sifica tio n " o t h e r " was u sed. In e sta b lish m en ts in w hich so m e la te sh ift h ours a re p a id at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n tia l was r e c o r d e d on ly if it ap plied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h ou rs. M inim u m en tran ce rates (table B -2 ) re la te on ly to the e s t a b lish m en ts v is ite d . T hey a re p r e se n te d on an esta b lish m en t, rath er than on an em p loym en t b a s is . P a id h olid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in su ra n ce, and p en sion plans a re trea ted s ta t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lica b le to all plant o r o ffic e w o rk e r s if a m a jo r it y o f such w o rk e r s a re e lig ib le o r m a y even tu ally qu alify fo r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . Sch eduled h ours a re trea ted s ta tis tic a lly on the b a sis that th ese a re a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o rk e r s if a m a jo r ity a re c o v e r e d . 3 B e ca u se of. rounding, su m s o f in dividu al item s in th ese tabulations m a y not equal to ta ls . The fir s t p a rt o f the pa id h olid a ys ta ble p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h olida ys a ctu a lly p r o v id e d . The se co n d p a rt com b in es w hole and h alf h olida ys to show total h olid a y t im e . Data a re p r e s e n te d fo r a ll health, in su ra n ce , and p en sion plans fo r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is born e by the e m p lo y e r , excep tin g on ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o rk m e n 's com p en sa tion , s o c ia l s e c u r ity , and r a ilr o a d re tir e m e n t. * Such plans in clu d e th ose u n derw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pa n y and th ose p r o v id e d through a union fund o r pa id d ir e c t ly by the e m p lo y e r out o f cu r re n t op eratin g funds o r fr o m a fund set a sid e f o r this p u rp o s e . Death ben efits a r e in clu ded as a fo r m o f life in su ra n ce . S ick n ess and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ra n ce under w hich p r e d e te r m in e d ca sh paym en ts a re m ade d ir e c tly to the in su red on a w eekly o r m on th ly b a sis du ring illn e s s o r a ccid e n t d is a b ility . In form a tion is p r e se n te d f o r a ll su ch plans to w hich the e m p lo y e r co n trib u te s. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e r s e y , w hich have en acted te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ra n ce law s w hich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plans a r e in clu d ed on ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly re q u ire d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the em p lo y e e with ben efits w hich e x c e e d the req u ire m e n ts o f the law . T abulations o f paid s ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l plans 5 w hich p ro v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's pay du ring a b sen ce fr o m w ork b e c a u se o f illn e s s . S eparate tabulations a re p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w hich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d , and (2) plans p ro v id in g eith er p a rtia l pay o r a w aiting p e r io d . In addition to the p resen ta tion o f the p r o p o rtio n s o f w o rk e r s who a re p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce o r pa id s ic k le a v e , an u nduplicated total is show n o f w o rk e r s who r e c e iv e eith er o r both types o f b e n e fits. The su m m a ry o f v a ca tion plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m en ts, exclu din g in fo rm a l plans w h ereb y tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is c r e tio n o f the e m p lo y e r . Sep arate e stim a tes a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c tic e in com puting v a ca tion p a ym en ts, such as tim e p a ym en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t-s u m am oun ts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f v a ca tion a llo w a n ce s , paym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e rte d ; fo r ex a m p le, a paym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual earn in gs was c o n s id e r e d as the equ ivalen t o f 1 w e e k 's pay. C atastroph e in su ra n ce, so m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as exten ded m e d ica l in su ra n ce , in clu d es th ose plans w hich a re d esig n ed to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a se o f sick n e s s and in ju ry in volvin g ex p en ses beyon d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h osp ita liza tion , m e d ica l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. M ed ica l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans p rov id in g fo r c o m p le te o r p a rtia l paym en t o f d octors* fe e s . Such plans m ay be u n derw ritten b y c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n ies o r n on p rofit org a n iz a tion s o r they m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T abulations o f re tir e m e n t p en sion plans a re lim ite d to th ose plans that p ro v id e m on th ly paym en ts fo r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 An esta b lish m en t was c o n s id e r e d as having a p o lic y if it m et eith er o f the follow in g con d ition s: (1) O p era ted late sh ifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts. 3 S ch eduled w eek ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o rk e r s (fir s t se c tio n o f table B -3 ) in su rv e y s m ade p r io r to Ju ly 1957 w e re p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r tio n o f w om en o ffic e w o rk e r s em p lo y e d in o ffic e s with the in d icated w eek ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 4 The te m p o ra ry d is a b ility law s in C a lifo rn ia and R hode Islan d do not re q u ire e m p lo y e r con trib u tion s. 5 An esta b lish m en t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a fo r m a l plan if it esta b lis h e d at le a st the m in im u m n u m ber o f days o f s ic k le a v e that cou ld be e x p e cte d by ea ch e m p lo y e e . Such a plan n eed not b e w ritten , but in fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n ce s , d e term in ed on an in dividu al b a s is , w ere ex clu d ed . A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Toledo, Ohio, March 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers $ $ S s S < S $ $ $ S I % $ 1 % % C Weekly 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . 00 earnings1 an d (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r and 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 o v e r Weekly M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , M a n u fa c t u r in g c la s s A _ ...... C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , M a n u fa c t u r in g c l a s s B _____________ .............. - - - - . - - - - - - - - - 128 122 39. 5 40. 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 9 .5 0 50 42 39. 5 39. 5 9 5 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 28 28 39. 5 39. 5 8 8 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 41 35 40. 0 40. 0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 5 .5 0 O f f i c e b o y s ___________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g _______________________ 56 31 25 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 6 5 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A ..................... ...... M a n u fa c t u r in g 39 34 40. 0 40. 0 1 1 4 .0 0 1 1 4 .5 0 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B ..... M a n u fa c t u r in g . . . 44 38 40. 0 40. 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .5 0 - - - - - - - - T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ______________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ 34 25 39. 5 40. 0 8 6 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 - - - - - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e ( b i l l i n g m a c h in e ) ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ 41 26 40. 0 40. 0 6 8 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 . - 2 2 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e ( b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h in e ) 40 40. 0 6 6 .5 0 - B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A .......... ... 45 39. 5 8 2 .5 0 312 56 256 39. 0 40. 0 39. 0 85 35 50 C le r k s , o r d e r M a n u fa c t u r in g ........... ........ . . C le r k s , p a y r o ll M a n u fa c t u r in g ._ _ - - 47 43 10 10 19 19 13 11 4 4 7 7 1 1 - - 2 2 5 1 4 10 10 13 13 4 4 7 7 1 1 1 1 _ - 1 1 _ - 2 2 _ - - - 1 1 4 4 2 2 6 6 2 2 5 5 . 5 5 1 1 l l . 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - 1 1 _ 1 1 9 9 10 9 5 5 l _ - - 2 2 _ - 6 2 3 3 2 2 2 8 --------T ~ ------ 1 1 6 3 3 - - - _ - - - - - - - . _ . _ - 1 1 11 10 1 7 5 2 6 4 2 5 3 2 11 5 6 - - - - - - - - - 6 6 - - - 12 12 - - - 2 2 - - 3 1 2 _ - - - _ 1 1 - _ _ 6 6 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 6 2 8 8 7 7 5 5 2 2 _ - - - 2 2 5 4 6 6 10 6 7 7 7 7 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - - - _ - - - 4 - - - - 5 2 3 3 11 10 6 6 3 2 - 6 4 1 1 14 6 1 1 5 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 _ 3 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 3 15 9 2 7 - - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 3 4 5 11 7 10 2 1 - - - _ 6 2 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 36 36 16 16 40 3 37 45 4 41 65 ll 54 29 10 19 26 2 24 28 9 19 11 7 4 9 4 5 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 38. 0 39. 5 37. 0 9 4 .5 0 1 0 0 .5 0 9 0 .5 0 _ - _ - _ - _ - 5 5 1 1 13 3 10 _ _ - - - 12 1 11 8 8 - 11 9 2 1 1 - 11 2 9 _ - - 10 3 7 1 1 - 10 10 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - 284 T09 175 39. 5 3 9 .5 39. 5 7 3 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 _ - _ - 68 19 49 56 16 40 46 12 34 37 12 25 17 ll 6 21 13 8 21 19 2 9 1 8 _ - 1 1 _ - 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - 5 3 2 _ - - 2 1 1 - - - - 43 30 39. 5 40. 0 7 3 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 _ 2 _ 4 3 1 12 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 11 2 2 _ 3 5 5 13 2 - W om en B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g _ ______ C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s B M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g _ _ ______ C le r k s , file , c la s s A M a n u fa c t u r in g . ............ . . See footnote at end of table. 6 ‘ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 5 Table A-1. Office Occupatbns-Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n , T o le d o , O h io , M a r c h 1961) A verage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— S Weekly, hours (Standard! Weekly j earnings (Standard) 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 55. 00 - “ “ 50. 00 5 5. 00 6 0 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 " 6 5 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ !$ $ 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 90. 0 0 ~ 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 90. 0 0 ” $ $ 9 5 .0 0 $ " 9 5. 00 $ $ $ $ 100.00 1 0 5 . 0 0 110.00 1 1 5 . 0 0 120.00 1 2 5 . 0 0 $ $ 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 " 100.00 1 0 5 . 0 0 110.00 1 1 5 . 0 0 120.00 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 and over W o m e n — C o n t in u e d C le r k s, f ile , c la ss B ____________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 126 36 90 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 C le r k s , order _____________________________ Manufacturing __________________________ 83 63 C lerk s , p ayroll ___________________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 147 97 50 C om ptom eter operators __________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 132 70 62 39. 5 40. 0 39. 0 Keypunch op erators ______________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 171 134 39. 5 40. 0 37 39. 5 7 9. 00 7 0. 00 Office girls ________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________ 48 30 39. 5 39. 5 5 8 . 50 5 8 . 50 S ecretaries ________________________________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 2 ___________________ 723 577 39. 5 40. 0 99. 0 0 102. 0 0 146 53 39. 0 38. 5 8 7. 00 8 4 . 00 S te n ograp h ers, general __________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilities 2 ___________________ 438 310 128 41 39. 5 40. 0 78. 79. 77. . Stenograph ers, technical _________________ Manufacturing _________________________ 121 119 40. 0 40. 0 7 3. 00 7 4 . 50 _ _ - 40. 0 40. 0 7 7 . 00 8 0 . 00 - - 4 11 10 10 6 40. 0 7 1 . 50 - - - 4 7 4 . 50 7 8. 00 _ - _ - _ - 70 . 00 - - - 21 5 16 7 7. 00 . - _ - 3 4 - 1 - - 3 3 _ _ - “ 21 12 - - - - - - - 11 10 1 1 - " - “ - - 6 5 1 40. 0 40. 0 50 00 00 00 92 86. 5 0 86. 0 0 21 4 17 11 25 17 14 9 7 14 5 14 11 2 16 8 8 10 4 16 6 10 2 30 28 2 - 7 4 7 6 8 - 20 14 6 4 5 3 2 7 7 23 15 8 27 20 2 - - - " . _ 29 11 17 - 11 34 - 3 3 18 2 68. 0 0 4 2 12 3 2 3 14 14 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - 12 12 4 4 _ - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 22 2 2 “ 13 13 12 15 _ 5 5 10 18 11 4 2 6 4 2 2 7 - - - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ - - - “ - - - - - 96 73 47 43 4 25 24 42 22 1 88 15 7 - 86 10 1 4 - 5 4 2 2 - - 2 1 1 - 10 9 1 - 42 - 17 31 17 31 - - - - - 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 17 5 5 32 15 17 14 19 19 24 24 15 15 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - 34 15 4 3 2 2 - - _ - - 1 1 - ' - 18 11 7 7 - 24 3 1 2 2 - - - 22 2 - - - - - - - - - 14 4 4 7 7 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - . _ _ 10 12 5 7 9 5 2 7 2 5 6 2 1 5 5 10 1 1 71 13 3 64. 50 _ - 29 5 - 39. 0 - 2 2 60 31 6 5 1 1 12 - 1 1 22 - 8 6 - - 70 48 25 25 _ - - 2 23 23 - - - 4 31 27 4 _ 2 2 9 66 55 11 8 _ ■- - 22 12 1 _ - - - 1 1 - 59 _ - - - 19 2 1 1 - 2 2 70 51 16 7 7 - - 13 7 40. 0 - - - 53 2 54 38 6 _ - 7 2 2 40 3 2 1 1 7 13 _ - 7 3 1 2 10 10 63 - 75. 50 - 10 1 1 - “ 3 47 3 40. 0 2 20 13 - 51 9 7 78 9 T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , 7 65 - T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s C ______________________________ 11 22 3 _ 18 52 71. 00 8 5 . 00 _ 13 12 1 _ 30 15 _ - 7 - _ 2 2 13 8 6 7 _ 9 _ _ " 86. 0 0 8 _ 8 5 39. 0 3 3 30 24 - 28 17 10 28 25 3 3 T abulating-m achine o p era to rs, c la ss B ___________________________________ - 17 17 - " - 36 28 9 " “ 5 3 - - 4 7 7 . 00 8 4 . 50 39. 5 - 12 6 6 12 11 1 1 13 3 3 5 3 3 - 6 2 4 22 " - 1 15 2 14 5 4 16 - 59 4 6 5 1 12 2 - 7 1 . 00 7 3 . 50 6 7 . 50 S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le , 7 7 9 31 . 39. 5 40. 0 5 5 5 0 1 22 - 149 90 39. 39. 39. 40. - - Switchboard op era to r-rec ep tio n ists ----Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ ____________________ 40 - 126 56 70 M a n u fa c t u r in g 23 21 Switchboard op erators ___________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 2 ___________________ 29 26 5 59. 00 6 4 . 50 56. 50 39. 5 40. 0 $ 4 4 - 1 1 - _ 1 _ _ 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , T o le d o , O h io, M a r c h 1961) A verage S ex, o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W E E KLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly hours 1 (Standard) L. 5 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 _ and 9 0 . 00 3 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 o v e r 1 1 $ $ $ $ $ S $ S $ $ Weekly 4 0 . 00 earnings 1 a n d (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 60. 00 65 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 $ - - - 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 65. 00 - - - 7 0 . 00 ; 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 0 0 '8 5 . 00 W o m e n — C o n tin u e d T y p i s t s , c l a s s A _________________ ___________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ T y p i s t s , c l a s s B _____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________ 312 208 104 2 21 97 124 43 39. 0 39. 5 37. 5 39. 39. 38. 40. 0 5 5 0 _ $ 7 6 .5 0 : 7 7 .5 0 7 4 . 00 - j---------1--- ! ! 6 4 . 50 1 6 4 .0 0 6 4 . 50 7 1 .0 0 - ; i _ _ - ____ L i _ - 1 10 i - ; 1 2 1 2 2 ! ; 12 L -jz .J 1 ! 1 27 15 2 i______i 24 12 16 72 37 35 5 3 2 1 32 16 L 7 3 -. i 1 51 24 97 76 21 11 6 5 [ - . 4 8 .. | I 7 41 23 10 13 1 26 12 14 4 4 1 i ' 31 22 9 ! 3 3 i ; 1 - 34 21 16 5 3 3 3 _ 2 1 1 j 1 1 ! - - . i - - - - - - _ _ ■ j _ _ ! ' ! - _ _ - . _ _ 1 - _ _ I I | U ________ — 1 r j . - _ I j --------------i 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . Table A -2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , T o le d o , O h io, M a r c h 1961) A verage Sex, o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) Weekly earnings1 (Standard) NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W E E KLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ 65. 00 and under 7 0 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 - - - - $ - 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 - - - - - - - - $ $ $ $ 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 00 - - and 1 5 0 . 00 over - 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 M en D r a f t s m e n , s e n i o r ---------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 170 167 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 2 7 .0 0 1 2 6 .5 0 D r a f t s m e n , j u n i o r ______________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ 107 105 40. 0 40. 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 8 .5 0 50 46 40. 0 40. 0 9 7 . 50 9 9 . 00 _ _ _ _ - - - 2 2 3 3 6 6 4 4 12 12 19 19 27 27 9 9 16 16 6 6 12 12 18 18 27 25 28 8 10 10 _ 6 6 6 6 4 4 1 1 4 4 11 11 _ 1 1 41 41 1 1 _ 4 4 4 _ - 4 4 6 - - - 3 _ 4 4 6 6 14 14 1 7 7 5 5 5 5 1 3 3 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 W om en N u r s e s , i n d u s t r i a l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ 1 2 _ S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . In c lu d e s 1 w o r k e r at $ 6 0 to $ 6 5 . 9 8 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , T o l e d o , O h io , M a r c h 1 9 6 1 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n ___ __ C a r p e n t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ............................................................... Number of workers 68 48 $ Average $ hourly , Unde r 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 earnings and $ under 1. 80 2. 00 1 .9 0 $ 2 .9 9 3. 12 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e ______________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g .............................................. ................ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ...................................................... P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ____________________________ 386 316 70 60 3. 3. 3. 3. E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y ................................................... M a n u fa ctu r in g ......... ..................................................... 100 73 3. 08 3. 15 12 09 26 35 $ 2. 00 S 2. 10 $ 2. 20 2. 10 2. 20 2 ,3 0 ____3 _ J “ 1 1 - - - - " _ _ “ “ 1 1 5 ----- 5----- 1 1 . ~ 4 “ 1 , 1 1 1 2 2 _ | 15 8 12 1 3 12! 2 ■ ; " 23 | 23 1 - 15 13 2 - _ 4 4 1 1 21 15 8 8 : 3. 30 _3 . 40 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 3. 50_ „ 3 . 60 3 .7 0 3. 80 $ 3. 80 and q ve r_ “ 12 12 " ■ - - 27 27 27 -----27 - 20 20 - 1 1 - 4 4 - - - 25 1 24 24 - _ 11 10 9 j 1 3 3 3 1 l l 5 7 4 13 10 13 1 19 7 28 28 _ 17 17 29 15 5 5 . ' 1 11 2 1 1 5 5 3 3 25 25 72 72 - - " " - - " - 3 3 15 12 - 4 4 - - 8 8 27 27 101 101 46 46 2 2 2 2 - - 3 3 _ _ _ _ 25 25 2 2 6 6 1 1 17 12 41 41 36 36 21 21 9 9 _ _ _ - _ 6 ' 3 10 9 l 1 i ; 5 i | 1 “ J 20 15 5 1 3 20 ! 181 17 | 151 30 3 ! 1 30 $ 3. 30 " 1 1 1 - 1 7 4 $ 3. 20 4 4 - - “ $ 1 2. 50 $2. 60 $ $ !$ $ 2. 70 2. 80 ! 2. 90 *3. 00 3. 10 ! i 1 _2. 40 | 2. 50 . 2. 60 j 2. 70 1. 2. 80 j 2, 90 j 3. 00 1„ 3. 1 0 . 3. 20 | j 1 ■ - $ 1$ 2. 30 2. 40 " - 17 14 _ 8 4 8 8 _ . . . . - - 8 - " j 8 8 F ir e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r _____________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g .............................................................. 180 129 2. 53 2. 50 3 23 20 H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e __________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 137 117 2. 66 2. 73 2 2 _____ ______ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________ _____ 208 205 3. 16 3. 17 - - - " M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n c e ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 185 176 3. 11 3. 12 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 24 20 - - M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o tiv e (m a in te n a n ce ) ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ............................................................... N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________________ 260 96 164 131 2. 2. 2. 2. 83 98 74 76 3 3 - 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 13 13 13 18 2 16 16 5 5 5 19 4 15 9 9 2 7 7 78 50 28 8 76 76 73 21 21 - 5 5 - 2 2 - _ - 1 1 - _ - _ - 9 9 - _ - M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e _________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 405 384 3. 02 3. 02 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ “ " 20 20 32 32 16 16 2 1 28 25 153 137 8 7 61 61 6 6 58 58 4 4 _ " 15 15 2 2 - M illw r ig h t s ________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------- -------------------------------------- 322 jn — 2 .9 3 2 .9 3 1 1 11 — n 2 2 1 " 9 9 33 33 11 11 38 38 15 15 136 136 38 38 27 27 - - O il e r s _________ _____________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 56 55 2. 52 2 .5 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 - 6 6 32 32 4 4 6 6 - - - - " " - P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________ _____________________ 53 40 2. 84 2 .9 9 2 2 5 . _ 1 1 6 5 1 1 8 8 3 1 8 8 6 5 10 10 1 1 . P ip e fit t e r s , m a in te n a n ce ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 142 130 3. 09 3. 09 20 20 1 1 1 " 7 5 58 49 “ 26 26 - 29 29 " " T o o l and d ie m a k e r s _____________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 688 688 3. 32 3. 32 13 13 6 6 35 35 20 20 37 37 48 48 301 301 108 108 48 48 68 68 1 2 3 1 1 7 7 6 6 - - 4 ~ 10 6 . " - - 1 1 - - ■ . . . - _ _ " . . _ . - - . " " “ . _ E x c l u d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o li d a y s , an d la t e s h ift s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s f o l l o w s : 20 at $ 1 .6 0 to $ 1 .7 0 ; 3 at $ 1 .7 0 to $ 1 .8 0 . 8 4 4 _ . . _ _ - - - - “ _ - - - - - - - 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Toledo, Ohio, M arch 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation1 and industry division Number of workers $ Average $ hourly 1 .0 0 1. 10 earnings 2 and under 1. 10 1. 20 E levator op erators, p assen ger (women) ______ Manufacturing _________________________________ 38 33 $ 1 .5 2 1 .4 8 _ Guards ______________________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 813 239 1 .9 4 2 .4 1 " Janitors, p o rte rs, and c lean ers (men) ________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ Public u tilities 3 ----------------------------------------- 942 696 246 64 2. 04 2. 12 1 .8 1 2. 12 8 8 Janitors, p o r te r s, and c lean ers (women) ____ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 166 84 82 1 .6 9 1 .8 8 1. 50 12 12 L a b o r e rs, m aterial handling ___________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Public u tilities 3 ----------------------------------------- 1. 218 783 435 196 2. 2. 2. 2. 34 29 42 63 " " 26 1 25 _ _ $ 1 .2 0 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3. 10 and over " “ - - - - 34 4 19 19 " 7 7 21 21 " 56 " 48 57 " 48 37 11 “ 10 2 8 1 4 2 2 14 13 1 9 2 7 4 6 5 1 47 7 224 - 92 3 " 56 13 43 - 35 27 8 1 31 31 36 15 21 3 3 3 41 27 14 " 9 9 - 8 “ " ■ - - - - 6 6 - - - 4 " " " " 3 " 35 28 7 3 “ “ 12 10 9 8 2 “ 105 85 15 10 7 7 23 23 63 63 67 60 7 1 44 26 18 12 85 65 20 7 65 25 40 23 179 168 11 11 174 151 23 2 92 90 2 6 _ 6 6 3 1 2 - _ - " “ “ 9 3 6 10 10 - 6 2 4 30 30 5 5 - - - - “ 6 4 2 ' " " " " 8 27 21 6 2 69 40 29 “ 81 41 40 14 106 58 48 42 340 323 17 17 146 58 88 ■ 61 28 33 138 125 13 - 90 90 " 35 35 49 11 38 48 32 16 - " - 134 134 38 34 4 49 49 “ 78 78 - ” “ - 44 36 8 _ _ 13 10 3 - - - - - _ - . - . - ■ " - - - - ■ ■ _ " - 1 1 - ■ - 121 121 121 - " 1 Order f ille r s _______________________________________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 320 191 129 2 .4 3 2. 51 2. 32 P a c k e rs, shipping (men) ________________________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____ _______________________ 405 347 58 2. 36 2. 41 2. 01 P a c k e rs, shipping (women) -------------------------------- 30 1 .5 8 Receiving clerk s ---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 85 48 37 2 .4 0 2 .4 7 2. 32 Shipping c lerk s -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _________________________________ 86 76 2. 41 2. 45 Shipping and receiving clerk s ---------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 92 83 2 .4 6 2 .4 5 See footnotes at end of table - - - - 12 1 ~ " ■ " 11 - - - 4 4 2 2 " " ' 2 2 " - - “ “ ■ ■ 1 1 - 4 4 11 11 _ 1 1 12 2 10 9 9 ~ “ 6 6 6 6 29 29 “ - 24 10 14 47 11 36 “ ' - - - ' " ■ - - - _ 2 10 11 5 - 1 1 - 5 5 - - 6 6 - - " - 3 3 ” 8 1 7 4 1 3 14 14 " " 13 6 7 14 3 11 9 7 2 3 3 " 2 2 ■ 1 1 9 4 6 3 1 1 ■ 3 2 12 12 27 26 8 8 5 5 6 6 6 6 9 9 1 1 7 5 17 17 4 4 22 16 13 12 ' ' 1 1 3 3 4 36 36 - " 2 ~ 3 3 _ - 2 2 - 7 7 - 2 2 4 4 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry d ivision, Toledo, Ohio, M arch 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation1 and industry d ivision of hourly , $ 1 .0 0 $ 1. 10 $ 1. 20 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 under 1. 10 1. 20 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 - 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2. 10 2. 20 - - 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 1 1 - 9 2 7 6 2 2 29 18 11 6 14 4 10 69 47 22 22 82 25 57 47 74 34 40 45 11 34 “ ■ 12 2 10 20 20 28 7 21 12 " 8 1 7 12 " 10 10 2 2 22 - 22 22 48 12 36 26 22 14 8 22 1 21 26 22 4 12 12 1. 50 T r u c k d r iv e r s5 ____________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u tilities 3 ----------------------------------------- 1. 165 486 679 237 $2. 68 2 .6 6 2. 69 2. 75 - - - - - - - " “ - ■ " - “ " “ “ ' T ru ck d rivers, light (under 1V 2 tons) --------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------- 134 55 79 2. 26 2. 17 2. 33 - - - - - - - 6 1 5 29 22 7 - ■ 9 2 7 T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ---------------------------------------------Manufacturing _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------------Public u tilit ie s 3 _____________________________ 238 107 131 86 2. 2. 2. 2. 67 74 61 64 T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) -----------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ Public u tilit ie s 3 _____________________________ 412 46 366 124 2. 2. 2. 2. 77 54 80 89 T ru ck ers, power (forklift) ______________________ Manufacturing _________________________________________ 408 322 2. 38 2. 33 ________ 25 2. 37 Watchmen __________________________________________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 71 50 2. 09 2. 25 T ru ck ers, power (other than forklift) ■ _ _ " ■ " - ■ 1 5 31 24 7 _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - 2 - " " ~ " ' ■ - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 - 1 1 - - " " ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 5 6 3 1 3 17 17 2 _ - 2 2 - - - 6 6 14 9 4 4 1 1 " “ - 1 Data lim ited to m en w orkers except where otherw ise indicated. 2 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 4 A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 3 . 10 to $ 3 . 2 0 . 5 Includes all d riv ers r eg a r d le ss of size and type of truck operated. - 10 9 _ - 14 14 _ _ _ - - - - - - $ 2. 50 - $ 2. 60 - 60 70 - 17 10 7 80 250 22 228 150 - 150 - “ - - “ - - 46 46 38 38 46 46 45 45 130 74 54 29 8 8 9 3 3 15 13 4 3 2 8 15 15 3 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 - ' " - $ 2. 70 4 4 - $ 3. 00 - $ 3. 10 and ?. QO 8 00 492 236 256 162 56 56 - 5 5 - - “ ■ - - - - ■ " - 43 43 _ _ - - - - ■ 49 11 38 38 214 5 209 124 ' 5 10 " _ hvp r* ■ _ - 5 5 . - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - 10 B : Establishment Practices and Supplem entary W age Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n tia ls o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p lant w o r k e r s by type and am ou nt o f d if f e r e n t ia l, T o le d o , O h io , M a r c h 1961) P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p lant w o r k e r s — In e s t a b lis h m e n ts h avin g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — Shift d iffe r e n tia l S econ d sh ift w ork T h ir d or oth er sh ift w ork A c t u a lly w o rk in g on— S econ d sh ift T h ir d or oth e r sh ift 94. 1 9 0 . 0 14. 3 4 .4 _________________________ 92. 8 9 0 . 0 13. 8 4 .4 U n ifo r m c en ts (p er hour) _______________________ 8 5 .4 80. 7 13. 5 4. 3 2. 2. . . 3. 1. 1. . . - (2 ) T o ta l _____________________________________________________ W ith sh ift p ay d iffe r e n tia l 5 c en ts __________________________________________ 6 cen ts __________________________________________ 6 V 2 cen ts _______________________________________ 7 c en ts __________________________________________ 7 V 2 c e n ts ----------------------------------------------------------8 c en ts __________________________________________ 9 c en ts 10 c e n ts _________________________________________ 12 c en ts _________________________________________ I 2 V 2 c en ts _____________________________________ 16 c en ts _________________________________________ 18 cen ts _________________________________________ 2 9 V3 c e n ts -------------------------------------------------------- 10. 9. 1. 3. 27 . 11. 5. 10. 3. 1. - 3 8 8 3 2 2 8 7 7 4. 2 - 2. 3 11. 1 2. 8 10. 2 27 . 2 13. 8 .4 4. 9 2. 1 1. 7 0 7 3 3 8 7 . 2 - - (2 ) 1. 7 . 1 1. 1 . 8 . 1 . 2 _____________________________ 6. 1 6. 1 - - 5 p e r c e n t _______________________________________ 10 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ 15 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ 5. 5 . 6 - 5. 5 . 6 " - _________________ 1. 3 3. 1 .4 . 2 ___________________________ 1. 3 U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e O th e r f o r m a l p ay d iffe r e n tia l No sh ift p ay d iffe r e n tia l 7 - 1 In c lu d es e s t a b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n tly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s , ev en though th e y w e r e not c u r r e n tly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t. 8 8 2 . 5 and e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts 11 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W omen O ffice W orkers (D istrib u tion of e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv ision s by m in im u m en tran ce sa la r y for se le c te d c a te g o r ie s of in exp erien ced w om en office w o rk ers , T o le d o , O h io, M a rc h 1961) Other in exp erien ced c le r ic a l w o r k e r s In exp erien ced typ ists M in im u m w ee k ly sa la r y 1 A ll in d u strie s $ 62 . $65. $ 67. $ 70. $ 72 . $ 75 . $ 77. 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 52. 50 $ 55. 00 $ 57. 50 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 62. 50 $ 65 . 00 $ 67 . 50 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 2 . 50 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 77. 50 $ 8 0 .0 0 40 A ll sch edu les 37 Vz A ll sch ed u les 40 62 XXX XXX 59 XX X XXX 46 30 4 25 16 5 9 57 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 - - 3 1 1 - - 1 1 1 E sta b lish m e n ts studied $40. $42. $45. $47. $ 50. $ 52. $ 55. $ 57. $60. 37 Vz N onm an ufactu ring B a sed on standard w eekly h ours 3 of— A ll in d u strie s B a sed on standard w eekly hours 3 of— A ll sch edu les E sta b lish m e n ts having a sp e c ifie d m in im u m M anufacturing N on m anufacturing M anufacturing 37 V2 A ll sch edu les 37 Vz 59 - 1 - - - 7 3 7 3 5 3 3 1 1 2 2 5 3 5 3 1 1 8 4 6 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 E sta b lish m e n ts having no sp e c ifie d m in im u m E sta b lish m e n ts w hich did not em p lo y w o rk ers in this c a te g o r y __________________________________ - 1 1 1 1 2 3 11 7 7 5 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 10 XXX XXX 11 XXX XXX 24 13 11 XXX 54 22 XXX XXX 32 XXX XXX 40 16 24 XXX 1 L o w e st s a la r y rate fo r m a lly esta b lish ed for h irin g in exp erien ced w o rk ers for typing or other c le r ic a l jo b s . 2 R ates ap plicab le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g i r ls , or s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l job s are not c o n sid ere d . 3 H ou rs r e fle c t the w orkw eek for w hich e m p lo y ee s r e c e iv e their r eg u la r s t r a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data are p resen ted for a ll w orkw eeks c om b in e d , and for the m o s t com m on w orkw eeks rep orted . Table B-3. Scheduled W eek ly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by schedu led w eekly h ours of f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , T o le d o , O h io, M a rc h 1961) PLAN T W O RK ERS O F FIC E W O R K E R S W e e k ly h ours All industries * A ll w o rk ers ------------------------------------------------------------- Under 37 Vz h ours --------------------- ------------------------37 V z h ours --------- -----------------------------------------------O ver 37 V 2 and under 40 h ours _________________ 40 h ours ____________________________________________ O ver 40 and under 44 h ours ____________________ 44 and under 4 8 h ou rs ------------------------------------ — 48 h ours and o v e r ------------------- ------------------------- 100 1 11 2 84 (4 ) 1 " M anufacturing 100 _ 7 3 89 (4 ) Public utilities2 100 All industries3 M anufacturing 100 1 (4 ) - 2 2 - 100 _ - - - 97 92 94 - 1 1 100 - - 2 3 - (4 ) 1 1 Includes data fo r w h o lesa le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . 2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilitie s . 3 Includes data fo r w h o lesa le tra d e , r e ta il tr a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 4 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. 100 3 Public utilities2 - 12 Table B~4. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by num b er o f paid holid ays p rovided annually, T o led o , O hio, M a r c h 1961) P LAN T W O RK ERS OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providin g paid h olid ays --------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p roviding no paid h olid ays --------------------------------------------------- 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 All industries 3 1 0 0 97 3 Manufacturing 1 0 0 99 Public utilities 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 ' Number of days 4 h olid ays -------------------------- -------------------------------------5 h olid ays ----------------------------------------------------------------6 h olid ays ----- ----------- ------------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------------6 h olid ays plus 1 half day 6 h olid ays plus 2 h alf days ______________________ 6 h olid ays plus 3 h alf days ______________________ 7 h olid ays ________________ _____ ____________________ 7 h olid ays plus 2 h alf days ______________________ 7 h olid ays plus 3 h alf days ---------------------------------8 h olidays ----------------------------------------------------------------8 h olidays plus 2 h alf days ______________________ 1 0 h olid ays _________________________________________ (4 ) (4 ) 30 3 28 1 _ _ - 14 63 - 1 0 4 45 1 1 31 3 5 (4) (4) 1 28 2 (4 ) 7 23 - 1 (4) 24 _ _ - 19 73 - 1 1 2 2 35 25 53 - 2 (4 ) 4 - 8 8 8 - - - 2 1 ' “ Total holiday time5 1 0 days ---------------------------------------------------------------------9 days ------------------------------------------------------------------------8 V 2 days ------------------------------------------------------------------8 days ------------------------------------------------------------------------7 V 2 days ------------------------------------------------------------------7 d ays ________________________________________________ 6 V 2 d ays ------------------------------------------------------------------6 days ------------------------------------------------------------------------5 days ________________________________________________ 4 days ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 0 _ 23 23 6 6 8 6 8 6 (4 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 69 9 90 8 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 _ _ - - (4) 1 0 1 0 70 72 96 96 97 1 2 _ 8 1 2 8 8 6 81 81 8 8 99 99 99 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Includes data fo r w h o le sa le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , c om m u n ic ation , and other public u tilit ie s . In cludes data fo r w h o lesa le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . 4 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. 5 A ll com b in ation s o f fu ll and h alf days that add to the sa m e am ount a r e com b ined; fo r ex a m p le , the p rop ortion o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a total of 7 d ays in clu d es th ose with 7 fu ll days and no h alf d a y s, 6 full days and 2 h alf d a y s, 5 fu ll days and 4 h alf d ays, and so on. P ro p o rtio n s w ere then cum u lated . 1 2 3 13 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of office and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by vacatio n pay p r o v isio n s, T o led o , Ohio, M a r c h 1961) OFFICE WORKERS V a c a tio n p olicy 1 All industries A ll w o r k e r s _________________________________________ Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 2 3 All industries Manufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 3 100 95 5 100 100 - 100 65 35 100 50 49 - - - - - - - - 1 1 100 92 8 - ■ ~ “ - " 5 50 9 3 7 61 14 5 _ 2 3 26 10 4 39 13 4 _ 5 - - - 2 65 17 16 1 57 26 16 1 42 20 37 (5) 1 47 29 23 1 50 2 48 - " 14 46 38 100 Method of payment W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g paid v a catio n s ____________________________________ L e n g t h -o f-tim e p aym ent _____________________ P erc en ta g e p aym ent ___________________________ F la t -s u m p aym ent _____________________________ O ther _____________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providin g no paid v a catio n s ________________________________ Amount of vacation p a y 4 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek _______________________________________ 1 w eek ________________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eek s ______________________________________________ (5) A fte r 1 y e a r of se r v ic e Under 1 w eek _______________________________________ 1 w eek ________________________________________________ O ve r 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ _ _ 1 27 _ 72 _ _ _ 3 22 28 51 12 78 - - 88 22 _ 95 _ 5 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek _______________________________________ 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ O ve r 2 and under 3 w eeks _______________________ 3 w eeks ____ _________________________________________ 5 4 90 ( 5) (5) - 97 ( 5) ( 5) - - _ _ A fte r 3 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _ . 2 w eeks _ _ _ _ _ O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eek s ______________________________________________ (5) (5) 94 3 2 (5) 91 6 4 (5) 91 6 2 88 8 4 _ 2 98 11 30 58 _ _ - - - - - 2 2 - 2 98 9 71 16 4 13 57 24 6 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f se r v ic e O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s _______________________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s _______________________ 3 w eeks ______________________________________________ See footnotes at end of ta b le. _ - _ 100 - 2 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u str ie s ard in in du stry d iv isio n s by vacatio n pay p r o v isio n s, T o led o , Ohio, M a r c h 1961) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V acation p o lic y All industries* 2 3 Public utilities Manufacturing All industries i Manufacturing 2 Public utilities i Amount of vacation p ay 4-------- Continued A fte r 10 y e a r s of se r v ic e O v e r 1 and under 2 w eek s _ _ _ _ _____ 2 w eeks _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _____ _____ ____________ 3 w eek s ______________________________________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ____ _____ _____________ i z 34 6 61 2 72 3 23 - “ - 7 3 89 1 6 5 90 _ 3 97 - - - 7 ( 5) 75 _ 17 6 ( 5) 71 23 " - ( 5) 43 5 35 34 31 1 27 51 21 1 75 (5) 25 8 4 72 15 1 (5) 3 6 69 22 _ 2 _ 98 _ _ (5) - 3 _ 87 9 ■ 7 3 63 15 12 1 5 60 22 11 2 _ 81 _ 16 (5) ( 5) - 3 41 56 7 3 46 6 37 1 5 51 9 33 (5) 2 40 _ 58 - A lte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 2 w eeks _ O v e r 2 and under 3 w eek s _ _. 3 w eek s . ___ O v e r 3 and under 4 w eek s _______________________ 4 w eek s ______________________________________________ O ver 4 w eeks _______________________________________ ( 5) A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 2 w eeks _ . ___ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _____ 3 w eeks ______________________________________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks _______________________ 4 w eeks O ver 4 w eeks ...... ..................................... ........................ A fte r 25 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 2 w eek s _ _ . _ ....... O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _______________________ 3 w eeks ....... O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s _______________________ 4 w eeks ______________________________________________ O v e r 4 w eeks _______________________________________ 1 2 3 4 s e r v ic e 5 7 6 (5) 52 40 1 ( 5) 59 _ 36 ^ ( 5) In cludes data fo r w h o lesa le tra d e ; r e ta il t r a d e ; finance, in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u t ilit ie s . In clud es data fo r w h o lesa le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , r e a l e sta te, and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . P e r io d s of se r v ic e w e r e a r b itr a r ily c h ose n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual p r o v isio n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r ex am p le, the changes in p r op ortion s include changes in p r o v isio n s oc cu r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. N O T E : In the tabulations of vacatio n a llo w a n ces by y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , p aym ents other than "le n g th of t i m e " to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r ex a m p le, a p aym ent o f 2 percen t of annual earn ings w as c o n sid ere d as 1 w e e k 's pay. such as p ercen tage o f annual ea rn in g s or in dicated at 10 y e a r s ' f la t -s u m p aym e n ts, w e r e converted 15 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P erc en t of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s em ployed in e sta b lish m en ts providin g h ea lth , in su r a n c e , or pen sion b e n e fit s , T o le d o , O h io, M a rc h 1961) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Type of b en efit All industries A ll w o rk ers ________________________________________ * Manufacturing 100 100 2 Public utilities 3 All industries Manufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 100 98 2 W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts providin g: L ife in su ran ce _________________________________ A cc id e n ta l death and d ism e m b e r m e n t in su ran ce ____________________________________ S ick n ess and acciden t in su ran ce or sic k leave or b o th 4 --------------------------------------- 94 100 99 96 98 66 83 36 62 68 30 81 92 72 87 93 60 S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce ----------Sick le ave (full pay and no __________________________ w aiting p eriod ) S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay or w aiting p eriod) --------------------------------------- 60 82 16 74 86 18 48 58 38 10 7 11 5 1 22 7 4 31 H o sp ita liza tio n in su ran ce ___________________ S u r g ic a l in su ran ce ___________________________ M e d ic a l in suran ce ____________________________ C ata strop h e in su ran ce _______________________ R e tire m e n t p en sion ___________________________ No h ealth , in su r a n c e , or pen sion plan ----- 84 84 67 51 81 1 100 100 79 49 93 75 75 75 69 69 1 95 93 68 19 77 100 99 67 13 88 78 78 78 60 58 2 ( 5) 1 Includes data for w h o lesa le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n c e, in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv ision s shown sep a r a te ly . 2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c om m u n ic ation , and other public u t ilit ie s . 3 Includes data for w h o lesa le t r a d e , r e ta il tra d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 4 U nduplicated total of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g sic k leave or sic k n e ss and accident in su ran ce shown sep a r a te ly b elo w . S ic k -le a v e plans are lim ite d to those which d efin ite ly e sta b lish at le a st the m in im u m num ber of d a y s ' pay that can be expected by each em p lo y e e . In form al s ic k -le a v e allo w a n ces d eterm in ed on an individual b a sis are excluded. 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. 17 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (billing machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerica l duties. Class B— Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B— Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter,,reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May a lso include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— -Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing p rocesses. May do clerica l work involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A— Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B— Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p encil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician 's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or toc^ls; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes ,in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet sp ecifica tion s• In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded . 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross “industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d e v ice s; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specification s on sales slip s, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing o f items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size o f container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills o f lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons , trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons , other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ■fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 O — 594023 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady-Troy, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-51 Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285♦Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285-34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex.— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285 -53 ♦Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285♦ Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 ♦ Jackson, Miss.— Bull. 1285-42 ♦♦Jacksonville, Fla.— Bull. 1285-30 ♦Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285♦♦ Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Buil. 1285-6 Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285♦*Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 **B uffalo, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, Vt.— Bull. 1285-57 ♦Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C.— Bull. 1285**Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285- Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285-52 Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285♦ Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 ♦ Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 ♦ Miami, Fla.— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285* * Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285- 39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285**Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 ♦*Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285*38 ♦♦Dallas, T ex.— Bull. 1285-21 ♦♦Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 ♦Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285*41 ♦Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285*43 **Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 **F ort Worth, Tex.— Bull. 1285-23 ♦ Newark and Jersey City, N.J.— Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, La.— Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285♦♦ Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 ♦♦ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285♦♦ Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285-55 Pittsburgh, Pa.— Bull. 1285-44 ♦Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285* ♦♦Raleigh, N.C.— Bull. 1285-5 ♦Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285*26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285♦♦St. Louis, M o.-Ill.— Bull. 1285-10 ♦♦Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285* San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285-36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285♦ ♦Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 **Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 ♦♦♦Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285-54 Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285-50 ♦♦Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285-25 ♦ ♦Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a .— Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.-—Bull. 1285-56 * Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-?° ♦ ♦Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 ♦♦ Wilmington, D el.—N.J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285-45 An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * Price, 20 cents. ♦♦ Price, 25 cents. * * * Price, 15 cents.
@FedFRASER