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Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-44 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ew an Clag ua, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA J A N U A R Y 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-44 Vpril I ‘>61 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR A rth u r J. Goldberg , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ew an Clagua, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents P ag e T h e C om m u n ity W age S u rvey P r o g r a m I n tr o d u c tio n ________________________________________________________________ W age tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g r o u p s ___________________________ T h e B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s r e g u la r ly c o n d u cts a r e a w id e w age s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s . The stu d ies, m ade fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r e la te to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u su a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d e d in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lle tin su m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r * s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n of the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . T able s: T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the Bureau* s r e g io n a l o ffic e in N ew Y o r k , N. Y ., by E llio t A . B r o w a r , under the d ir e c t io n o f F r e d e r i c k W. M u e lle r , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r fo r W a ges and In d u s tria l R e la tio n s . B: 1. 2. A: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y _____________ P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in stan dard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p s fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s _______________________ 3 O ccu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: * A - 1. O ffice o c c u p a t i o n s ___________________________________________ A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ___________________ A - 3. M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c c u p a tio n s _________________ A -4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ___________ 5 9 9 11 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : * B - 1. Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ____________________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m e n tra n ce r a te s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s _____ B -3 . S ch edu led w eek ly h o u r s _____________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s _________________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a t i o n s ________________________________________________ B -6 . H ealth, in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s ____________________ 13 14 15 16 17 19 A ppendix: O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s _____________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r tabu lation s fo r m o s t o f th ese ite m s a re a v a ila b le in the P ittsb u rg h a r e a r e p o r t s fo r N ov em b er 1951, D e c e m b e r 1956, and D e c e m b e r 1959. A d ir e c to r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o rts a s w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila ble upon r e q u e s t. C u rren t r e p o r t s on o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w ag e p r a c t ic e s in the P ittsb u rg h a r e a a re a ls o a v a ila b le fo r the m a ch in e ry in d u s tr ie s (Ja n u ary i9 6 0 ), flu id m ilk (A p r il I9 6 0 ), h o te ls (M a r ch I9 6 0 ), and pow er la u n d r ie s and d ry c le a n e r s (A p r il I9 6 0 ). Union s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tra d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : Building c o n s tr u c tio n , p r in t in g , l o c a l- t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 1 4 3 21 Occupational W age Survey—Pittsburgh, Pa. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n te r s in w hich the U. S. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r ls B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistic s has con d u cted s u r v e y s o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d w age b en efits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e re ob ta in ed b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a re g o v e rn m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itted a ls o b e c a u s e th ey fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t e m p loy m en t in the o c cu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r rant in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta bu la tion s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h e se su r v e y s a r e con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rv e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts. To obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll esta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied. In com b in in g the data, h ow e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv en th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a se d on the esta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , th e r e fo r e , as r e lating to a ll esta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a , e x cep t f o r th o se b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied. O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in gs The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tion a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a cco u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See appendix f o r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip t i o n s .) E a rn in gs data a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p es o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c le r i c a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in te n an ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. O ccu p a tion a l em p lo y m e n t and e a rn in g s data a r e show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ir e d to w ork a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv en o c cu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data ex clu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and 1 R a ilr o a d s , fo r m e r l y e x clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th ese stu d ies, w e r e in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s stu d ied sin ce July 1959, e x c e p t B a lti m o r e (S ep tem b er 1959 and D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ), B u ffa lo (O cto b e r 1959), C le v e la n d (S ep tem b er 1959), and S eattle (A ugust 1959). la te s h ifts. N on p rod u ction b on u ses a r e ex clu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in ce n tiv e ea rn in g s a r e in clu d ed . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a re r e p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s, r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sch e d u le s (rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) f o r w hich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w eek ly ea rn in g s f o r th ese o ccu p a tio n s have b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h alf d o lla r . A v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en a re p r e s e n te d se p a r a te ly f o r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s in w hich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly em p loy ed . D iffe r e n c e s in p a y le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p a tio n s a r e la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u str ie s and e sta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d , although the o ccu p a tio n s a r e a p p ro p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sa m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a r e ad ju sted on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h igh er a v e r a g e pay when both s e x e s a re e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ran ge. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese s u r v e y s a re u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in div idu al e sta b lish m en ts to a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lish m en ts in s p e c ifi c duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the tota l in a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b er a c tu a lly su r v e y e d . B e c a u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts, the e s tim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l em p lo y m e n t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tion a l s tru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in gs data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p lem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form a tion is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits as they r e la te to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this bu lletin , in clu d e s w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c le r i c a l o r re la te d fu n ction s, and e x clu d e s a d m in is tr a tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clude w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu din g le a d m en and tr a in e e s ) en ga ged in n o n o ffic e fu n ction s. A d m in is tra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as a se p a r a te w ork fo r c e a r e ex clu d ed . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and rou tem en a re e x clu d e d in m an u factu rin g in d u s t r ie s , but a re in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u str ie s . 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . This in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f tota l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y . In e sta b lish m en ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r it y w as u sed o r , if no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n " o t h e r 11 w as u sed . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w hich so m e la t e sh ift h ou rs a r e p a id at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly if it a p p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u rs. M in im u m e n tra n ce ra tes (table B -2 ) re la te on ly to the e s t a b lish m en ts v is it e d . T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d on an e sta b lis h m e n t, ra th er than on an em p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h ealth, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a r e a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly qu alify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch edu led h ou rs a re tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r ity a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f rounding, su m s o f in div idu al item s in th ese tabu lation s m a y not equ al to ta ls . The f ir s t p a rt o f the pa id h olid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a ctu a lly p r o v id e d . The s e c o n d p a rt co m b in e s w hole and h a lf h olid a y s to sh ow total h olid a y t im e . D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans f o r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o rn e by the e m p lo y e r , ex cep tin g on ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's co m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such plans in clu d e th ose u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n y and th ose p r o v id e d th rough a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly by the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t op era tin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . Death b en efits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n ce . S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ra n ce u nder w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d ca sh pa ym en ts a r e m ade d ir e c t ly to the in su re d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is d u rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch plans to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n trib u te s . H ow e v e r, in N ew Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich have en acted te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su r a n ce law s w hich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plans a r e in clu d ed on ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ire d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ire m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f p a id s i c k - le a v e plans a re Tim ited to fo r m a l plans 5 w hich p r o v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's pay du ring a b se n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep a ra te tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pa y and no w aiting p e r io d , and (2) plans p r o v id in g e ith e r p a r tia l pay o r a w aiting p e r io d . In a d dition to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n du plicated total is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both types o f b e n e fits . The su m m a ry o f v a ca tio n plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m en ts, ex clu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith pay is gra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e stim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com pu tin g v a ca tio n p a y m e n ts, su ch as tim e p a y m en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H ow e v e r, in the tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s , pa ym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e rte d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the equ iv alen t o f 1 w e e k 's pay. C a ta strop h e in s u r a n ce , s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as ex ten ded m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d e s th o se plans w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in v olv in g e x p e n s e s b ey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r tia l p a ym en t o f d o c to r s* fe e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d erw ritten b y c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce co m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p e n s io n plans a r e lim ite d to th o se p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly pa ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 An esta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a p o lic y if it m e t e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g co n d itio n s: (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts. 3 S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s (fir s t s e c tio n o f ta b le B -3 ) in su r v e y s m a de p r io r to Ju ly 1957 w e re p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s w ith the in d ica ted w eek ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 4 The te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y law s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode Islan d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s. 5 A n e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h aving a fo r m a l plan i f it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f days o f s ic k le a v e that cou ld be e x p e cte d by e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a plan n eed not b e w ritten , but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u al b a s is , w e re e x clu d e d . 3 T ab le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s within scope of su rv e y and num ber studied in P ittsb u rgh , P a . , 1 by m a jo r in d u stry d iv isio n , 2 January 1 9 M in im um em ploym en t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in scope o f study Industry d iv isio n A ll d iv isio n s _______________________________________________________ M anufacturing _____________________________________________________ N onm anufacturing _________________________________________________ T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u t i l i t i e s 5 ______________________________________ W h o lesa le tra d e ________________________________________________ R eta il trade ____________________________________________________ F in an ce, in su ra n ce , and r e a l estate ______________________ S e r v i c e s 7 _______________________________________________________ N um ber of esta b lish m en ts W ithin scope of study 3 _ 6 1 W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts Within scope o f study Studied Studied T o t a l4 O ffice Plant T otal 4 816 211 3 9 0, 200 62, 80 0 26 0, 600 2 4 2 ,6 1 0 - 362 45 4 86 125 2 5 8, 800 1 3 1 ,4 0 0 32, 000 30, 800 188, 700 71 , 900 154, 190 8 8 ,4 2 0 100 50 100 50 50 54 144 57 81 118 25 31 22 23 24 4 8 , 800 15, 800 31, 100 1 7 ,1 0 0 1 8 ,6 0 0 7, 600 5, 200 2, 900 1 1 ,5 0 0 100 ( 8) 2 9 , 1 0 0 6, 000 2 5 ,0 0 0 6 1, 300 ( 8) 4 2 , 280 4, 700 24, 590 1 0 ,5 3 0 6, 320 1 The P ittsb u rg h Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistica l A r e a (A lle g h e n y , B e a v e r , W ashington, and W e stm o r e la n d C ou n tie s). The "w o r k e r s w ithin scope of stu d y " e stim a te s shown in this table provide a r ea so n a b ly ac cu rate d e sc r ip tio n of the siz e and c o m p o sitio n of the lab or fo r c e included in the su rv e y . The e s tim a te s are not intended, h ow ever, to se r v e as a b a sis of c o m p a r iso n with other a r e a em p loym en t in dexes to m e a su r e em ploym en t trend s or le v e ls sin ce (1) planning of w age su rv e y s r e q u ir e s the u se of esta b lish m e n t data c o m p iled c o n sid e r a b ly in advance of the p a y r o ll p eriod studied, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts are exclu d ed fr o m the scope of the su rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d edition of the Standard In d ustrial C la s s ific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in du stry d iv isio n . M a jo r chan ges fr o m the e a r lie r edition (u se d in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a rk et w age su rv e y s conducted p rio r to July 1958) a re the tr a n s fe r of m ilk p a ste u riza tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d co n c rete e sta b lish m e n ts fr o m trade (w h o lesa le or to m an ufacturin g, and the tr a n s fe r of radio and te le v isio n b ro a d ca stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s d iv isio n . 3 Includes a ll e sta b lish m e n ts with total em p loym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the area) of com p an ies in such in d u strie s as tra d e , fin a n ce, auto rep air s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th e a te rs a r e co n sid e r e d as 1 e sta b lish m e n t. 4 Includes ex ec u tiv e, p r o fe s s io n a l, and other w o r k e r s exclu ded fr o m the sep arate o ffic e and plant c a te g o r ie s . 5 T axic ab s and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w ater tra n sp ortation w ere ex clu d ed . 6 E stim a te r e la te s to r e a l estate e sta b lish m e n ts only. 7 H o tels; p er so n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile r ep a ir sh ops; m otion p ictu r e s; nonprofit m e m b e r sh ip org a n iza tio n s; and en gin eerin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . 8 T h is in du stry d iv isio n is rep r e se n te d in e stim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A and B t a b le s . S ep arate p resen tation of data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ade fo r one or m o r e of the follow in g r e a so n s: (1) E m p loym en t in the d ivision is too s m a ll to p rovide enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sam p le w as not d esign ed in itia lly to p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (3) r e sp o n se w as in su fficie n t or inadequate to p e r m it sep arate p resen tation , (4) th e re is p o s s ib ility of d is c lo s u r e of individual esta b lish m e n t data. T ab le 2. P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a se in standard w eek ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h ourly earn ing s for se le c te d occu p ation al groups in P ittsb urgh , P a . , fo r se le c te d p eriod s P er c en t in c r e a s e s fr o m — Industry and occu p ation al group D e ce m b er 1959 to January 1 9 6 1 D ecem D er 1956 to D e ce m b er 1959 A ll in d u strie s: O ffice c le r ic a l (w omen) ______________________ In d u strial n u r se s (w om en) ---------------------------S killed m ain tenan ce (m en) ---------------------------U n sk illed plant (men) _______________ _________ 4. 2. 4. 2. 3 5 6 6 15. 15. 13. 13. 8 2 8 0 M anufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l (w omen) ______________________ In d ustrial n u r se s (w omen) ---------------------------S killed m ain tenan ce (m en) __________________ U n sk illed plant (m en) --------- ---------------------------- 5. 2. 4. 3. 7 5 2 3 16. 15. 13. 13. 8 1 2 0 retail) 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta ble 2 a r e p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s. F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r cen ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h ou rs o f w o rk , that is , the stan dard w ork sch e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n g es in s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g s, e x clu d in g p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w ork pn w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . The p e r cen ta g es a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e le c t e d k e y o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin ea ch g rou p . The o f f i c e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , f ile , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u str ia l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e ch a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te r s ; p ip e fit t e r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n sk illed — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h andling; and w atch m en . A v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e re com p u ted f o r e a ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s o r h o u r ly ea rn in g s w e re then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e e m p lo y m en t in the jo b du ring the m onths in d ica te d in the title o f ta ble 2. T h e se w eigh ted e a rn in g s f o r in d iv id u al o c cu p a tio n s w e r e then tota led to obtain an a g g re g a te f o r e a c h o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the ra tio o f th ese g rou p a g g re g a te s f o r the one y e a r to the a g g re g a te fo r the o th e r y e a r w as com p u ted and the d iffe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m the one p e r io d to the o th e r. The p e r c e n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r o th e r in c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e iv e d b y in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w hile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n ges in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , fo r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n ges in the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . Changes in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout actu a l w age ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r pa id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o c cu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d rop in the a v e r a g e , w h erea s a r e d u ctio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r pa id w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a cou ld ca u se the a v e r a g e ea rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though no change in ra tes o c c u r r e d in o th e r a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . The u se o f con stan t em p lo y m e n t w eigh ts elim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n ges in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n te d in ea ch jo b in clu d ed in the data. N o r a r e the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu en ced b y ch a n ges in stan dard w o rk sc h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a re b a se d on pay f o r s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rs. In dexes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 f o r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts w ill a p p ea r in B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a r k e ts, W in ter 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . A* Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a ., January 1961) See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: E stim ates for all industries, nonmanufacturing, and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor m arket wage surveys made before July 1959. W here significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroad s is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, P ittsburgh, P a. , January 1961) Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly, hours (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Weekly , 3 5 . 0 0 earnings (Standard) $ 40 $ 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 “ - 4 0 . 0 0 AZl JQLQ- 5 0 . 0 0 " 5 5 . 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 17 17 15 22 22 6 11 " $ $ $ $ $ $ 6 5 . 00 70,. 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 80 ., 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 90. 00 ' _ ,00 7 0 . 0 0 JZJL 8 0 .0 0 85,, 00 “ - 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 $ $ 9 5 .0 0 ~ $ S $ $ 100.00 1 0 5 . 0 0 110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 120.00 1 2 5 .0 0 “ 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 ■ ~ n o . o o 1 1 5 .0 0 “ 120.00 1 2 5 .0 0 $ S 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 and “ 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 over W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) _____ M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ _____________________ W h o le s a le tra d e 1 79 54 1 25 29 59 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 38. 5 39. 0 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h i n e ) _____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________ 183 57 126 60 39. 38. 40. 40. B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ 5 5 0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 8 1 . 50 6 4 . 50 7 1 . 50 6 0 . 50 67. 71. 65. 60. 00 50 00 50 _ - 2 2 - - - _ - - 10 10 10 4 4 4 - 15 3 4 29 27 55 27 19 53 30 4 - 13 5 50 4 46 19 15 84 84 C le r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c la s s A M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ,_____________ _______ R e t a il tr a d e 354 1 58 196 80 62 39. 40. 38. 38. 39. - _ - 4 4 4 37 37 3 57 3 54 3 256 159 C le r k s , f il e , c la s s A ______________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ F in a n c e 4 265 105 160 44 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 C le r k s , f il e , c la s s B ______________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ W h o le sa le tra d e ________________ __ R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________ F in a n c e 4 790 219 571 82 94 335 39. 40. ^9. 40. 40. 38. C le r k s , o r d e r _______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________ __ R e t a il tr a d e 275 96 1 79 1 26 39. 39. 39. 39. See footnotes at end of table, 101 00 00 00 00 50 50 50 71. 79. . . 66 66 50 50 00 50 0 0 0 0 0 5 60. 75. 54. 56. 56. 54. 00 00 50 50 00 00 5 5 5 5 76. 94. 67. 64. 50 50 00 50 66 66 _ - 2 8 - - - - 30 50 50 3 - 30 - - 12 30 35 _ 4 - - - 4 4 11 16 3 3 1 111 I ll 14 15 58 1 1 12 8 7 7 - 6 3 . 50 7 1 . 00 73. 82. . 96. 72. . 60. - 10 22 61. 00 39. 0 39. 5 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 3 8 .0 - 77 42 35 16 18 38. 5 3 9 .5 38. 5 4 0 .0 37. 5 1 ,1 5 8 486 672 48 " 65 32 33 719 1 64 555 104 361 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B _____________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ W h o le sa le tra d e _____________________ R e t a il tr a d e F i n a n c e 4 _______________________________ 9 9 - 104 35 69 17 41 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s R M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________ F in a n e e 4 _______________________________ - 16 - 164 24 140 - _ 16 14 7 - 37 7 30 - - 9 3 . 00 1 0 7 .0 0 8 1 . 50 8 1 . 50 8 1 . 50 - 21 56 16 40 22 22 - 0 0 5 0 0 2 13 9 4 6 2 - - - - 15 4 - 6 2 . 50 6 0 . 50 4 15 11 11 8 - 7 1 . 50 . 50 7 4 . 00 8 2 12 22 - 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 66 29 14 34 59 4 55 40 12 79 137 216 28 25 3 29 - 2 79 68 8 60 4 30 24 33 8 129 5 124 18 90 7 7 1 54 78 76 14 12 26 39 2 25 3 37 3 123 123 26 82 7 75 13 56 55 4 4 22 11 11 22 2 5 22 89 10 10 4 6 224 50 1 74 6 12 105 39 47 13 34 15 168 59 1 09 19 25 55 99 99 99 9 - 19 - 9 5 19 - 6 73 22 51 7 25 9 30 10 20 12 77 32 45 4 16 24 25 25 6 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - l l - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 5 - i 2 i - - - - - - - i - - - - - - - 4 9 9 - - - - - " - 16 4 12 11 2 21 8 18 17 5 3 3 9 13 5 5 2 12 11 86 28 58 9 28 15 9 3 6 3 41 20 21 1 20 6 1 5 5 8 8 6 97 31 66 1 28 17 20 23 9 14 2 40 38 2 - 1 31 14 17 1 2 72 49 23 4 8 5 - 22 17 5 2 19 16 3 6 12 18 8 10 1 19 3 16 7 2 40 34 6 2 3 1 25 19 6 2 25 24 1 1 1 1 1 - 5 4 6 6 1 1 - - — r 7 12 5 5 - 2 1 1 1 - 1 2 6 2 - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 _ - - - 54 26 28 41 29 13 11 10 57 48 9 5 3 1 11 10 1 1 11 10 1 1 - - 10 4 6 2 12 8 2 11 2 2 'l l 8 3 3 29 16 13 9 4 64 54 - - “ 10 9 1 _ - 10 - - 45 29 16 10 6 5 5 - _ - - 10 5 5 _ 5 5 4 4 - - - - - - 13 7 28 26 17 17 - _ - 18 18 - _ _ - - - - - - 10 17 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 26 17 9 3 5 - 7 3 12 1 - 2 1 2 - - - - 1 1 2 2 _ - _ - - “ . 4 4 _ - _ - - - - 4 3 20 20 5 5 - - 1 1 2 5 3 - 13 12 1 1 1 - 18 14 4 1 - - 1 _ - 1 1 - _ 1 - - _ - - - _ - - _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - " - - -- 2 2 _ . _ _ - - - - - - - ‘ ' " ' 7 Table A-1. Office Occupations—Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n , P it t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n u a r y 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average S ex, o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of Weekly hours 1 (Standard) $ •■s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3 5 . 00 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) u n d e r “ 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50 . 00 “ 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 “ ~ “ " 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 00 .M J L O ■ 8 5 .0 0 - ■ ~ “ ■ ■ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 9 0 . 00 and over j ! i i W o m e n — C o n t in u e d C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ---------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 -------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________ F i n a n c e 4 ______________________________ 631 383 248 30 72 40 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 0 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s __________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________ 470 184 286 25 83 130 39. 40. 39. 38. 40. 39. D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( M i m e o g r a p h o r D it t o ) __________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ 25 19 6 3 2 1 42 23 19 4 8 49 38 11 3 3 10 6 4 3 - 18 16 2 1 _ - - - 80 46 34 7 14 8 24 17 7 2 - 10 6 4 4 _ 14 11 3 2 _ 1 _ _ - 1 3 1 2 _ 2 1 _ 5 27 16 11 1 2 8 1 8 8 - 4 4 8 8 - - - - _ _ _ - “ - - - - - 74 32 42 24 8 8 77 41 36 15 3 13 84 60 24 13 4 4 88 64 24 5 6 1 176 158 18 15 3 57 17 40 9 30 8 6 2 2 _ 5 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - - - - 9 8 1 1 1 - 10 9 1 12 9 3 5 4 1 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - 294 152 1 42 9 49 17 52 282 120 162 26 36 6 43 283 154 1 29 35 20 4 57 295 16 7 128 13 43 1 52 287 191 96 19 14 3 39 369 275 94 36 17 _ 304 257 47 15 5 3 5 173 136 37 25 4 1 7 76 64 12 7 3 _ 120 101 19 9 9 _ - 1 320 198 122 31 63 1 22 324 237 87 41 5 1 33 227 183 44 22 4 4 10 185 134 51 42 2 2 5 377 3 01 76 68 8 _ 122 48 74 17 57 _ 146 128 18 16 2 _ 22 9 13 11 _ 17 14 3 _ 4 4 _ _ 2 3 _ 21 21 _ _ _ - - - - - - - 32 20 12 44 16 28 20 12 8 28 24 4 34 31 3 11 11 20 20 1 1 _ . _ . _ _ _ _ 53 34 19 4 8 7 59 18 41 1 20 4 47 28 19 1 3 8 61 37 24 4 14 48 39 9 2 2 - 26 17 9 1 6 6 4 13 13 8 1 1 - 29 - 88 2 86 2 12 54 45 10 35 2 18 15 65 41 24 3 6 10 51 30 21 2 14 5 - - 4 - - " 2 2 10 6 18 14 10 10 12 11 - 22 22 - 17 17 - - 22 17 _49 2 47 9 8 30 61 14 47 8 15 18 163 32 131 31 30 44 127 48 79 12 10 37 _ - 14 6 8 35 6 29 1 08 44 64 24 23 14 9 4 _ - - 91 56 35 7 - - 8 8 20 20 87 16 71 216 67 149 4 9 7 29 4 25 3 1 9 12 2 43 40 10 39 150 56 94 9 16 15 28 268 105 163 i 1 39 17 74 100 11 89 16 4 29 1 21 22 99 11 42 5 27 3 37 134 203 40 37 22 68 431 191 240 32 102 28 53 314 135 179 53 46 16 56 5 5 17 9 8 40 22 18 33 7 26 2 - 5 0 5 5 0 5 7 5 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 69.00 7 2 .0 0 2 2 2 76 63 4 0 .0 40. 0 6 9 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________ F i n a n c e 4 ----------------------------------------------- 1 . 008 479 529 143 117 194 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 0 38. 5 40. 0 38. 5 7 5 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 O f f i c e g i r l s ___________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ 309 157 152 35 39. 40. 39. 39. 5 0 0 0 5 8 .0 0 61.00 5 5 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 - - S e c r e t a r i e s ------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________ F in a n c e 4 ______________________________ 3, 296 1, 8 7 9 1 ,4 1 7 2 23 313 96 479 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 0 39. 5 39. 5 40. 5 38. 0 9 4 .5 0 100.00 8 7 .0 0 1 0 3 .5 0 8 6 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 _ - 2 2 - - - - 2 - - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________ F i n a n c e 4 ----------------------------------------------- 3. 124 1, 7 7 8 1, 3 4 6 384 387 89 319 _ -3 9 .5 40. 0 38. 5 39. 0 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 7 .0 7 9 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 64 4 3 3 - - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------- 252 171 81 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 8 5 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 35 15 20 7 7 2 11 4 7 5 2 - S ee fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le . 51 40 11 4 26 11 15 2 1 $ 8 1 .5 0 86.00 7 4 .5 0 9 4 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 - 4 4 29 17 - - 4 _ _ 41 41 _ _ - 3 13 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - ' . - ! j - - - - - 19 34 31 3 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ - - - - - - 2 _ 3 _ _ 2 _ _ 6 4 2 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 2 2 3 - - - - _ _ - - - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 14 7 7 6 _ 1 9 3 6 6 _ _ 10 4 6 4 2 _ - - . _ 8 8 _ _ _ - - “ . _ _ - - 1 _ _ _ . - _ _ 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, Pittsburgh, P a. , January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARN!INGS OF- Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n Number of workers Weeklyj hours 1 (Standard) $ s $ $ $ $ $ % % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly j 3 5 .0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 earnings1 and and " (Standard) u n d e r 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 0 0 6 o . on 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 o v e r 1 W o m e n — C o n t in u e d 4 4 72. 75. 69. 69. 525 204 321 82 61 66 39. 39. 39. 39. 40. 37. S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ W h o le s a le tra d e _____________________ 360 154 206 114 39. 5 3 9 .5 39. 5 39. 5 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ 58 52 40. 0 40. 0 1 0 3 . 50 1 0 3 .5 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ 163 103 60 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 8 8 . 00 9 1 . 00 8 2 . 50 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s C ___________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____ ______________ 139 109 38. 5 38. 0 T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g en era l ------------------------------ ---------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W h o le s a le tra d e ________________________ 376 72 304 1 38 39. 40. 39. 40. ________________________________ T y p is ts , c la s s A M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ P u b lic u t il it ie s 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ F in a n c e 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 735 388 347 50 195 39. 40. 39. 39. 39. T y p is t s , c la s s B ________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W h o le sa le tra d e ________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ F i n a n c e 4 _______________________________ 1 ,6 4 9 678 971 43 239 102 412 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5 0 5 5 5 $ 7 6 .0 0 8 3 . 00 7 1 . 00 8 4 . 50 5 8 . 50 7 1 . 50 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s _____________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________ F in a n e e 4 ________________________________ 00 50 50 50 2 2 - 1 1 - 4 2 - “ - 1 _ - 3 3 1 1 - " " • - - - “ “ - - - - - 6 8 . 00 6 5 . 00 - - - " “ “ 5 0 5 0 68. 76. 66. 73. 00 50 00 00 - - - - 29 2 27 5 0 0 0 0 77. 82. 70. 80. 59. 00 50 50 50 00 _ 8 - - 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 38. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 38. 0 65. 74. 58. 67. 63. 61. 55. 00 50 50 50 50 50 00 24 24 22 2 24 7 17 1 4 66 8 58 13 13 78 14 64 1 10 17 73 32 41 15 9 4 33 33 24 35 12 23 12 42 19 23 7 59 35 24 12 - - - - j !I 60 35 25 13 68 41 27 21 32 1 31 24 45 40 5 1 3 3 - 4 4 - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 7 - 29 10 19 12 51 20 31 20 53 25 28 18 15 12 3 19 9 10 3 9 3 6 6 9 9 - 1 1 - " " - - - 6 6 4 3 3 2 9 8 25 24 2 T 5 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 ' 1 “ . - - - - " " _ - - - - - - - - - 1 1 " - - - - - ~ - “ ' - 4 - " 4 6 6 8 8 " 13 13 20 20 28 27 41 5 36 - 37 5 32 2 40 44 - - 40 44 - 8 - - - 8 30 6 36 - 65 - - 65 181 9 172 130 13 117 - - - 24 34 13 68 - 10 25 4 90 3 3 27 22 5 25 26 24 2 10 i 6 1 4 19 17 2 11 7 4 18 13 5 2 2 25 28 20 19 17 2 2 13 8 15 1 1 1 - - - - - - " " ■ " “ 49 3 46 32 24 4 20 7 41 6 35 23 23 9 14 11 18 12 6 6 25 12 13 ' 13 2 2 - 83 10 73 42 4 2 2 2 52 10 42 6 31 53 8 45 1 40 88 65 23 73 45 28 3 25 63 54 9 5 77 69 8 6 1 17 50 49 1 1 139 4 - " - - 306 73 233 8 73 5 1 24 328 118 210 12 111 70 41 7 12 12 8 104 127 112 15 5 6 96 82 14 74 63 29 24 5 2 3 - 5 5 - - - 44 40 78 - - 19 44 60 9 6 4 1 1 1 16 3 - - 2 2 4 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 - 91 65 26 - 24 2 - 64 75 12 - " - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - " 5 1 3 2 1 - j 23 14 9 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e salarie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 20 at $ 140 to $ 145; 51 at $ 145 to $ 150; 20 at $ 150 and over. T ransportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Finance, in suran ce, and real estate. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 9 at $ 140 to $ 145; 8 at $ 145 to $ 150. Includes 2 w orkers at $ 30 to $ 35. 2 2 - 12 ~ - “ 39 17 22 7 4 - - - . _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - - - - - _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 - 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a ., January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Number Sex, occupation, and industry division of Weekly hours 1 (Standard) Weekly earnings* (Standard) s 60. 0 0 $ $ $ 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. under 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 0 0 0 0 $ $ 85. 00 9 0 . $ 0 0 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 95.00 - 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 105.00 $ $ 105.00 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 ■ 115.00 $ S 115.00 1 2 ■ 1 2 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 $ $ $ S $ S $ $ 130.00 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 2 0 ■ ■ ■ 130.00 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 S 0 .0 0 - 2 0 0 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 and over Men Draftsm en, leader ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ 507 476 40. 0 4 0 .0 !$166.00 167.00 D raftsm en, senior ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilities 2 ___________________ 1, 711 1, 438 273 42 40. 0 40 . 0 40. 0 39. 0 ! 136.50 138.50 125.00 128.50 Draftsm en, junior ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public utilities 2 ___________________ 907 232 61 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 94 40. 0 347 322 40. 0 40. 0 T racers T 75 _____________________________ _______ 4 4 _ - _ _ - - _ - - 2 2 — 6 2 1 2 2 74 r ~ — r r 14 21 - - - 4 - 45 T9 26 83 25 58 90 39 51 7 163 126 37 2 98.50 7 7 - " " 2 74.00 30 2 2 4 _ 34 _ 24 24 2 4 3 14 13 27 24 1 0 2 .0 0 3 107.00 8 8 .0 0 1 0 2 2 - 8 8 50 8 - 2 8 6 81 78 6 6 59 40 19 7 173 156 17 3 261 194 67 48 47 27 17 73 69 4 " 125 119 1 1 0 7 1 8 4 _ - - - - 45 41 33 31 46 42 31 30 54 49 53 52 1 0 15 9 91 82 245 224 311 266 45 5 172 152 lo 84 70 14 5 15 15 8 97 90 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 l3 8 113 113 28 28 - 15 15 - - - _ - - - - - - - 8 1 0 7 1 0 - - 9 9 5 4 2 2 2 1 58 61 1 1 _ - - - 5 5 8 6 4 4 “ 8 49 49 - 6 79 77 27 27 3 3 - 1 0 1 0 - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - . - _ - _ " “ “ Wom en N u rses, industrial (registered) ------------Manufacturing _________________________ _ 1 0 1 . 0 0 101.50 " “ ' i ____ ___ 1 2 3 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 55 to $ 60. N O TE : See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a ., January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly . earnings1 $ 1. 90 under 2 . 0 0 Carpenters, maintenance Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ Public utilities 2 _ _ E le ctrician s, maintenance Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Engineers, stationary ______ Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Retail trade _________________________________________ F in a n c e 3 ____________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. $ 2 . 2 . $ 0 0 1 0 2 . 2 . $ 2 2 0 2. 30 . 914 697 217 115 $ 3. 00 2 .9 9 3. 02 2 .5 9 , 228 1, 884 344 296 3. 08 3. 12 2 . 8 6 2 .8 2 748 541 207 52 55 60 2 . 9 2 1 3 2 .9 7 2 .7 9 2 .6 9 3. 19 2 . 80 - 2 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ 2 . 1 0 2 0 - - - - - - - - ' 2. 40 6 5 3 - 2 6 - $ 2. 30 - $ 2. 40 2. 50 _2^60_ 35 28 7 - - - - - - 28 24 4 - 23 18 5 - - - - - - 15 44 40 4 38 •27 - 1 17 - - 17 15 4 _ 3 49 49 2 2 “ $ 2. 50 1 1 _ 9 1 2 2 23 99 99 60 6o 2 2 14 8 _ 1 " $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3. 00 2, 70 _2,.80 : 2. 90 _ 3_._ 0 0 _ _3. 30 30 - 65 57 63 62 8 1 7 - 293 280 13 - 176 197 74 67 109 i 123 117 107 67 63 4 147 134 13 64 35 29 6 8 15 92 71 2 1 13 2 - 2 79 39 40 24 _ 16 6 87 ~ U '" 10 $ 3. 10 _ _3. 67 52 15 446 424 1 - 3 _. 2 0 26 25 1 419 411 2 2 8 18 6 52 51 45 42 3 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 3 - - $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 30_ 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 1 0 3 7 7 138 134 4 4 106 69 37 _ 2 1 16 34 26 28 — Z T _ 6 1 125 1 2 0 9 _ _ 8 _ 8 - - - 30 30 5 2 0 43 28 15 2 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 ~TzT _ 58 58 _ 146 5 5 16 16 _ 4. 00 3. 90 _ 42 5 3 42 5 _ - 7 7 _ _ - - 2 2 18 18 _ 1 _ _ _ 9 2 3 1 _ - - - 44 44 - 2 1 _ 78 78 5 7 3 $ 4. 00 and over 3 - 2 _ $ 3. 90 - _ 9 1 0 $ 3. 80 2 4 4 _ 6 4 ' 1 _ _ _ - - - 1 _ 1 _ 2 2 10 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a. , January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of Occupation and industry division workers Average hourly . earnings 1 $ $ 1 . 9 0 under 2 . 0 0 500 455 $2 . 6 8 2 .7 1 . 12 1 1 ,8 3 6 M achin e-tool op erators, toolroom -------------------Manufacturing __________________________________ F irem en , stationary b oiler --------------------------------Manufacturing __________________________________ $ 2 . 2 “ . 10 0 0 8 2 4 2 2 2 .6 4 2 .6 7 28 s 25 6 768 768 3. 20 3. 20 _ _ - M achinists, maintenance _________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 2. 032 1 ,9 4 7 3. 13 3. 14 M echanics, automotive (maintenance) _________ Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Public utilities 2 ----------------------------------------- 779 367 412 299 M echanics, maintenance ------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ H elpers, tra des, maintenance ---------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 2 6 $ 2 . 2 “ . 20 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 2 .3 0 2. 30 6 71 70 32 24 72 67 36 36 80 76 281 75 798 762 147 113 _ 8 6 169 34 135 123 148 131 17 44 40 4 4 356 354 833 822 2 163 158 5 30 30 42 42 31 31 265 265 230 230 34 34 28 28 _ _ 55 45 157 147 - - _ - 104 104 39 38 - - " M illw rights _________________________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 1 ,2 0 4 1 , 2 0 2 3. 19 3. 19 _ _ _ - - O ilers _______________________________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 610 560 2. 63 2. 63 P ainters, maintenance -----------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Public utilities 2 ___________________________ 443 355 2 35 . 82 2. 83 2 .7 9 2. 85 P ip efitters, maintenance -------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 1 .3 2 3 1 , 281 42 3. 02 3. 02 2 .9 2 Tool and die m ak ers ______________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------- -------------------- 949 889 3. 23 3. 27 1 2 3 4 5 38 38 _ - - . - _ _ _ 2 1 2 - - See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of r ailroad s. 8 13 - 1 2 4 4 1 1 0 78 2 0 2 0 - 97 4 1 0 5 1 0 27 24 24 7 3 2 - ' 9 9 _ 32 9 8 1 2 6 8 2 0 3 2 79 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 6 1 0 1 0 17 13 4 3 1 5 _ 52 52 6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 14 _ 92 83 9 23 83 37 36 - " 8 25 5 67 51 16 1 1 3 3 _ - 2 39 24 15 - _ " 2 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 1 .7 0 to $ 1 .8 0 . Includes 7 w orkers at $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 1 . 8 0 . NO TE : 73 55 24 24 " - _ - 205 205 _ - - - 67 67 2 1 1 1 50 50 18 15 3 - - 3. 03 3. 08 2. 84 87 5 _ - _ 187 147 40 S~ 6 6 5 5 - - S h eet-m etal w ork ers, maintenance -----------------Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 6 8 8 17 17 _ 53 32 1 71 35 35 _ .86 2. 73 2 . 6 8 63 63 73 13 60 46 3 3 - 2 _ 1 0 6 _ - 8 8 8 6 3 3 33 3. 00 3. 00 3. 07 P lu m b ers, maintenance --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ------------------------------------------ 8 6 67 16 51 51 2. 572 2, 512 60 2 2 0 3 3 - 6 1 0 0 99 2 614 602 1 2 7 3 3 .4 0 3. 50 2 2 16 1 0 ~ 3 .4 0 1 2 750 749 - $ 3. 30 ■ 3. 30 1 2 234 228 - $ 3. 20 1 2 116 1 1 6 $ 1 2 213 213 - - 2 1 0 v zn 126 117 - _ - 53 53 - 59 3 _ 2 35 33 3. 10 34 34 _ _ 42 42 2 1 0 3. 10 - 4 4 - - 40 36 $ 3. 00 - _ " 8 113 113 9 0 8 2. 97 3. 10 2. 84 2 .8 3 8 31 28 38 36 2 $ . 75 75 - _ " 2 .7 0 ■ 3. 00 29 29 - 1 0 2 ~ 2. 90 55 55 - 2 2 .8 0 ■ . 80 43 43 - 2 $ 2. 70 64 64 - 1 0 $ 29 29 2 30 30 — $ . 60 2 7 7 2 8 8 2 ~ . 60 23 9 - 1 2 2. 50 2. 5 0 . 2 - $ 2. 40 2 40 2 1 2 $ $ 1 1 0 0 99 1 1 1 40 30 1 0 6 105 1 0 1 0 18 18 - - - - _ _ . . - - - - 253 253 31 31 69 69 29 29 _ 2 58 77 77 44 44 13 1 1 17 15 - 2 2 0 2 0 1 - 32 32 7 7 14 14 _ 28 28 46 46 33 32 8 5 5 6 - 8 1 1 3 6 - 5 - 29 25 4 34 32 ■ 23 18 5 79 78 45 45 117 117 173 173 2 - 89 89 - 4 8 6 6 6 - 2 1 59 54 5 42 42 - 3 3 - 3 3 3 - 14 8 6 2 2 over . 9 87 $ 4. 00 and - 2 0 1 1 2 $ 3. 90 4. on - 1 0 1 0 $ 3. 80 3. 90 _ 228 - $ 3. 70 3. 80 80 80 - 8 $ 3. 60 3. 70 236 _ 236 131 127 - $ 3. 50 3. 60 1 1 _ ■ 36 36 13 1 151 145 6 1 1 27 26 1 9 _ 6 6 1 0 - 6 6 1 0 _ - 38 38 - - 2 1 5 17 4 3 2 - 1 2 48 48 _ ■ - 7 7 - _ - 2 27 2 2 2 _ - 5 218 218 _ _ 1 96 96 24 - - _ _ _ . . . - - - " - 1 2 - - - 1 2 - - - 36 36 - 44 44 _ - - _ - _ - _ - 1 0 1 0 - 2 2 ~ 8 8 " _ - _ - 6 6 8 6 6 8 ■ ■ " 150 150 161 161 1 2 - _ - - _ - - 7 7 " _ _ -• - ■ . " 8 6 2 _ _ 2 8 6 2 2 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, Pittsburgh, P a. , January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccup ation 1 and industry division Elevator op erators, passen ger (men) ______ ________ _____ __ „ of workers ____ E levator op era to rs, passenger (women) __________________________________ lNTnnmarmfa rtuvino 143 109 8 Guards _____________________ __ ___________ Manufacturing _____ __ __ __ __ __ _ Nonmanufacturing _______________ __ _ Public utilities 3 ___________________ J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners (men) ______________________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- Retail trade TTinanrp ® --------------------------------- 219 202 _ J anitors, p o r te r s, and clean ers (women) __________________________________ Maniifa rtnrin g Nnnmaniifa rtnringr PnKlir iiH 11 ti ^ r ^ 'Rptail trarfp TTinanrp ® 1 ,5 3 6 1 ,4 0 5 131 65 4 ,0 1 8 2 ,3 8 9 1 ,6 2 9 ?91 103 330 454 S $ S S $ $ $ s S $ $ $ 3 $ 3 hourly 2 Under 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 earnings $ and 1. 20 under 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 $ 1. 87 1. 83 1. 64 ; 60 2. 51 2. 52 2 .4 3 2 . 60 _ - . 00 . 16 1. 76 7 OR 1 75 l! 56 1 . 8 8 62 62 2 Lab orers , m a teria l handling ___________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________ PnKlir iitilitipQ ^ W h olesale trade ______ ___________ R etail trade ------------------------------------ 4 ,7 1 1 3 ,0 9 6 1 ,6 1 5 366 . 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. Order fille r s ___________________________ _ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade _________ _______ Retail trade _________________________ 1 6 — r - _ - 4 g 44 63 63 47 9 2 4 29 30 27 47 25 27 47 14 33 24 24 1 ,5 6 5 498 1 ,0 6 7 628 439 2 .4 5 2. 30 2. 52 2. 34 2 .7 9 _ - Receiving clerk s ________________ _______ Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________ WVinlpealo frarlp 436 252 184 81 2 .4 9 2 .4 9 2. 50 2 . 46 _ - Shipping clerk s ___________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade ___________________ 464 325 139 80 2. 2 . 2. 2. Shipping and receiving clerk s ___________ 229 51 178 2. 56 2. 53 2. 57 2 .4 5 5 6 5 15 4 5 5 6 6 6 4 - 2 8 2 14 See footnotes at end of table, 6 33 17 34 16 6 1 6 6 2 6 10 27 Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public utilities 3 ___________________ 26 15 28 4 32 58 59 55 34 27 27 137 5 132 13 56 343 - 83 83 56 8 6 1 _ 20 20 30 162 1 9 2 271 2 - 4 4 - 15 15 1 1 75 75 80 80 35 32 3 - 35 33 2 - 37 34 3 9 1 128 115 13 3 6 278 7 5 4 _ 1 2 _ 8 - _ - - 2 2 7 7 128 5 123 14 76 19 26 15 1 1 _ _ 7 8 4 4 4 - 4 4 4 - _ - _ - 486 60 426 18 3 74 8 6 6 3 g 4 24 6 6 16 56 2 - 16 1 2 34 _ 34 _ - 2 - 1 2 380 160 152 64 2 2 0 8 8 79 6 1 2 2 1 7 7 249 113 338 281 57 19 1586 1473 113 107 4 5 190 182 8 6 1 247 2 1 2 35 30 6 6 2 43 23 2 9 1 2 1 6 8 60 g 104 103 7 1 7 8 386 55 331 6 1 6 8 9 6 494 320 4Q ** 7 50 23 617 279 62 123 104 19 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 over 178 139 39 36 137 136 1 1 388 383 5 5 1 5 5 5 _ - _ _ 1 - - _ - 4 4 - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 - 1 - - - 2 2 1 _ - _ 1 2 19 3 - 1 - - - 2 2 1 - - - 10 3 _ _ 1 _ _ _ 2 2 1 _ _ _ 317 190 127 96 26 70 70 74 50 24 83 72 16 16 - 9 9 69 69 - 26 26 24 - 72 " _ _ - 9 6 8 2 67 - 1 2 - - 73 73 72 - - - 1 2 0 16 15 3 3 - _ - 1 2 - 51 44 1 2 232 218 14 14 3. 00 $ s $ $ 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 and 9 2 2 1 2. 90 3. 20 5 2 33 2. 80 3 2 3 85 24 61 495 435 60 46 2 54 87 - 1 0 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 - 37 30 7 _ 5 16 45 1 2 - 404 103 301 15 $ $ $ 3 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 5 46 2 165 26 39 23 16 16 15 4 140 13 127 389 _ 260 34 226 2. 70 3 2 2 1. 58 1. 97 1 .4 4 1 . 6 8 1. 33 1. 55 - 1 2 - 1 2 1 1,4 7 1 374 1 ,0 9 7 137 141 489 - 8 8 3 44 44 " 8 5 3 1 2 8 79 16 63 28 28 4 9 9 1 1 158 54 104 94 1 2 2 217 56 161 1 0 2 2 1 1 6 183 ~ 14£~ 37 27 59 10 18 14 4 25 9 37 25 16 1 2 2 1 1 52 32 9 38 30 - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 - 1 8 9 1 2 2 0 8 10 15 _ _ _ _ _ 6 1 4 2 1 0 8 2 1 - - - - - 6 1 4 - 1 0 8 13 1 2 2 2 0 537 509 28 26 1 2 0 10 14 469 329 140 8 5 1 2 “ 2 147 106 41 41 307 85 42 32 10 10 61 8 1 2 2 2 2 1 218 4 - 49 47 1 2 36 19 17 92 76 16 4 16 16 45 34 35 27 31 27 4 1 1 9 25 8 1 10 45 37 8 g 17 3 54 61 1 2 1 2 49 49 41 5 42 33 9 1 1 1 _ 1 1 - 1 2 2 _ 55 55 _ 30 19 1 1 1 - 1 1 6 ------ 5 5 - _ 8 2 2 - 2 2 8 _ _ _ - - 2 6 8 166 166 - 1 2 9 9 9 1 6 6 1 2 1 2 _ - 8 1 2 1 - - - - 8 1 2 1 31 31 4 4 2 2 2 9 4 4 - g 3 6 2 2 2 _ - 6 6 7 8 8 2 0 - 9 304 247 57 33 24 - 6 6 - 15 14 1 - 1 1 2 2 1 8 13 2 17 _ _ _ _ 6 14 2 13 1 17 - - - - 6 14 2 1 1 1 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Pittsburgh, P a. , January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers S 8 Average hourly , U n d e r 1 . 20 1 . 3 0 and earnings $ 1 . 20 u n d e r 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 S 8 S S 8 $ 8 $ 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 70 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 $ 1 .4 0 8 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 8 1 .7 0 8 1 .8 0 8 1 .9 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 1 1 1 _ 7 7 _ _ _ _ 16 7 9 1 and 7 7 1 _ 2 . 20 2 . 30 2. 40 2 . 50 2 . 60 2 . 70 24 6 18 6 4 8 18 14 4 4 44 42 2 1 224 97 127 23 104 428 54 374 294 78 - - 192 16 176 76 84 16 - - 1610 402 1208 847 140 191 2 . 80 2 . 90 3 . 00 478 126 368 I 108 110 18 2 40 70 15 197 24 173 _ 366 579 787 435 755 550 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 78 84 75 68 70 05 453 241 212 26 2. 2. 2. 2. 65 73 55 36 - - - - 1 7 - 1 - 6 - - - - 1 1 7 - 1 1 - 6 2 - 4 3 1 8 1 7 7 52 21 31 15 6 6 179 27 152 189 189 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 92 58 59 58 49 - - - - - - - 6 6 16 7 9 1 12 12 4 18 14 4 4 36 35 1 1 1 06 5 101 1 W h o le sa le tra d e _________________ R e t a i l t r a d e _______________________ 2, 0 1 3 703 1, 3 1 0 761 4 31 81 358 38 320 294 26 8 8 - - 84 16 1 26 30 96 8 88 “ - 746 109 637 448 116 43 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ) __________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _________________ 1, 0 7 0 21 2 858 503 2 .9 7 2 . 70 3. 04 2 . 88 9 9 42 2 40 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r ty p e ) ___ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ 291 224 67 2 . 69 2 . 68 2. 74 1, 8 31 1, 7 1 0 51 2 . 50 2. 48 2. 83 2 .6 9 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( o t h e r th a n fo r k lift) ______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ 1, 0 7 9 957 2 . 73 2. 75 W a tch m en _____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ _____________________ W h o le sa le tra d e 587 383 204 54 T r u c k d r i v e r s 7 .................................... ................... M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ R e t a il t r a d e ___________________________ T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d e r -------------------------------------------------I V 2 ton s) M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d i u m ( 1V 2 t o an d in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g .......... ............................ ..... N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (fo r k lift) _______________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 _____________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4, 1, 2, 1, 1 2 1 1 . 8 6 '" 1 : 9& " 1 . 6 8 1 .5 5 - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ 8 _ _ - 6 6 - - - - - - - - _ _ _ - _ - _ 10 - _ - 1 0 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - “ 79 53 26 5 - - - - - - 4 4 " - " " 214 213 178 170 224 216 359 357 8 2 " 104 87 17 5 155 62 " 58 58 22 2 2 1 - - - - 8 72 48 24 1 2 19 19 1 2 44 5 39 9 13 - 1 0 9 9 3 3 40 36 4 4 5 ~ 70 70 52 14 38 6 8 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 34 34 92 91 45 36 1 9 3 3 10 10 15 1 0 5 14 14 14 14 53 53 62 51 23 19 2 1 1 1 See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 _ _ 52 52 _ _ 631 420 2 11 66 143 3 140 72 - n o 18 92 1 88 3 52 145 68 56 2 21 18 3 1 1 298 297 1 - - _ - _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 3 1 - - - - 41 41 210 210 66 143 3 140 72 56 56 2 2 - - 3. 60 over 56 - 2 2 56 _ _ _ - 1 97 1 27 70 39 23 16 33 33 - 70 15 - 32 1 _ - 459 132 327 323 91 51 40 40 11 9 2 2 6 6 - - 142 8$ 54 - 70 70 - 10 10 - - - - ~ 1 1 - - 20 1$ 2 - - - 303 303 - 21 1 167 46 38 6 2 6 6 2 6 8 - 8 - 31 31 - - 8 14 14 31 24 7 4 4 _ 233 232 4 8 Data lim ited to m en w orkers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 36 at $1 to $ 1 . 1 0 ; 8 at $ 1 . 1 0 to $ 1 . 2 0 . Finance, insurance, and real estate. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 4 at $ 0. 70 to $ 0. 80; 12 at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90; 6 at $ 0. 90 to $ 1; 126 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 130 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1. 20. Includes all d rivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s; 56 at $1 to $ 1 . 1 0 ; 16 at $ 1 . 1 0 to $ 1 . 20. NOTE: 3 . 20 172 1 2 2 1 3 . 10 10 - 44 44 - " 81 81 14 14 _ 4 - 4 " - - ■ ~ - 30 42 42 - 1 2 1 2 1 208 28 28 _ _ _ _ . . _ . - - - - - - - - 24 24 2 2 2 2 6 25 25 1 0 - B : Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 13 Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n tia ls o f m an ufacturin g plant w o rk ers by type and amount of d iffe r e n tia l, P ittsb u rgh , P a . , January 1961) P erc en t o f m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s— Shift d ifferen tia l In e sta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v isio n s 1 fo r — Second shift w ork T h ird or other shift w ork A ctu a lly wo rking on— Second shift 9 8 . 6 9 7 .6 2 2 With shift pay d ifferen tia l ------------------------------------ 9 8 . 0 9 7 .6 U n iform cen ts (per hour) _____________________ 8 8 T otal ------------------------------------------------ --------------------------- . 1 2 . 1 2 1 . 8 1 2 . 1 1 1 . 6 0 .4 87. 9 19. 1 .4 . 5 1 . 0 8 . 3 1 . 1 2 . 2 58 . 9 3. 3 4. 4 . 9 3. 0 2. 5 . 8 .6 _ .5 1 .7 1. 7 1 . 1 7. 3 3 .9 1 .4 63. 3 3. 9 2. 5 .2 . 1 .4 1 .9 .3 . 5 13. 7 .4 .8 .7 .3 . 2 . 2 U n iform p ercen tage ____________________________ 9. 6 9. 6 2 5 percen t ___________________________________ 7 p ercen t _____________________________________ 1 0 p ercen t ___________________________________ 1 5 p ercen t ___________________________________ 1. . •6. . 9 6 6 5 1 . . 7. . 2 6 4 5 .3 . 1 1. 5 (2) 3 cen ts ________________________________________ 4 cen ts ________________________________________ 5 cen ts ________________________________________ 6 cen ts _________________________________________ 6 1 /2 cen ts ____________________________________ 7 l l 2 cen ts ____________________________________ 8 cen ts ________________________________________ 8 l / 2 cen ts ____________________________________ 9 cen ts ------------------------------------------------------------1 0 cen ts ______________________________________ 1 1 cen ts ______________________________________ 1 2 cen ts ______________________________________ 1 2 1 / 2 cen ts ___________________________________ O ver 12 1 / 2 cen ts ____________________________ No shift pay d ifferen tia l __________________________ . 5 T h ird or other shift . . 8 0 _ _ ( 2) 1 8 . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 2 5 1 7 2 2 . 5 _ ( 2) .4 ( 2) 2 ' 1 Includes e sta b lish m e n ts c u rren tly op erating late even though they w ere not cu r r e n tly op erating late sh ifts. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. sh ifts, and e sta b lish m e n ts with f o r m a l p r o v isio n s co v erin g late sh ifts 14 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W omen O ffice W orkers (D istrib u tio n o f e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u str ie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tran ce s a la r y fo r s e le c te d c a te g o r ie s o f in ex p erien c ed w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s , P ittsb u rgh , P a. , January 1961) Other in ex p erien c ed c le r ic a l w o r k e r s 2 In exp e rie n ced ty p ists M an ufacturing M in im u m w eekly s a la r y 1 A ll in d u strie s A ll sch e d u les E sta b lish m e n ts studied _______ _________________________________ E sta b lish m e n ts having a sp ec ified m in im u m Under $ 4 0 . 0 0 _ $ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 . 00 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 and u nder $ 5 0 . 00 and under $ 5 2 . 50 and under $ 5 5 . 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 . 0 0 and under $ 6 2 . 50 and under $ 6 5 . 00 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 70 . 00 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 . 00 and under $ 7 7 . 50 and under $ 8 0 . 00 and under $ 8 2 .5 0 and under $ 8 5 .0 0 and under _ . _ ____ ___ _______ $ 4 2 . 50 _ _ _ _ $ 4 5 . 00 ___ _ $ 4 7 . 50 . $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 . 00 ......... _ . $ 5 7 .5 0 _ . . . . $ 6 0 . 00 ___________________________________ $ 6 2 . 50 ___________________________________ $ 6 5 . 00 $ 6 7 . 50 _ _ $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 2 . 5 0 ___________________________________ $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 7 7 . 50 _ $ 8 0 . 0 0 ___________________________________ $ 8 2 . 50 ___________________________________ $ 8 5 .0 0 _ $ 8 7 .5 0 40 37Vz A ll sch ed u les 40 A ll sch ed u les 37Vz 40 125 XXX XX X 211 86 XXX 125 XX X XXX 118 57 51 61 13 39 133 63 54 70 15 45 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 2 11 7 16 10 7 10 5 8 3 9 1 2 5 6 2 1 2 3 _ 1 3 6 4 3 7 3 6 2 5 2 _ 1 1 6 4 3 6 3 5 2 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 _ - 4 _ 3 2 7 4 5 8 2 8 2 5 1 4 5 2 2 _ 3 6 4 4 7 2 7 2 5 4 5 2 1 5 _ 8 3 9 3 4 3 _ 1 1 2 8 2 11 5 12 6 6 6 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - 5 _ 6 4 6 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 12 2 14 7 19 10 11 14 2 10 3 8 3 5 6 2 1 2 - 1 1 _ 1 1 1 _ 1 1 XXX XX X 46 16 XXX 30 XXX XXX 7 XXX 24 XXX XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX 1 1 1 4 5 2 _ 4 5 2 1 1 _ 8 2 10 4 10 6 4 3 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 XX X 26 XX X 37 XX X XX X 31 XXX 1 XX X XX X 1 _ 15 51 14 1 2 3 A ll sch ed u les XXX 41 _________________________________________________ 40 N onm anufacturing B ased on sta:ndard w eekly h ours 3 o f- 86 ______________ Data not a v a ila b le A ll 211 E sta b lish m e n ts w hich did not em p loy w o r k e r s in th is ca te g o ry __________________________________________________ E sta b lish m e n ts having no sp e c ifie d m in im u m M an ufacturing N on m anufacturing B a sed on sta:ndard w eekly h ou rs 3 o f- 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 L ow e st s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e sta b lish e d fo r h irin g in ex p erien c ed w o r k e r s for typing o r other c le r ic a l jo b s . R a tes ap p licab le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r su b c le r ic a l jo b s are not c o n sid e r e d . H ou rs r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s . D ata are p r e se n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b ined, and fo r the m o s t co m m o n w ork w eek s rep o rted . NOTE: See note on p. 1 5 , re la tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s . 15 Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by schedu led w eek ly h ours of f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , P ittsb u rg h , P a . , January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS W e ek ly h ours A ll w o r k e r s All 1 industries ________________________________________ 35 hours ---------------------------- -------- — _____________ O ve r 35 and under 37 V 2 h ours _________________ 37 Vz h ours _________________________________________ 383/t h ours _________________________________________ O ver 383/i and under 40 h ours ___ ____________ 40 h ours ____________________________________________ O ver 4 0 and under 48 h ours ____________________ 48 h ours ------------------------------------------------------------------50 h ours ___________ _______________________________ 1 0 0 Manufacturing 1 0 0 2 1 1 ( 5) 3 19 3 1 73 < !> ( 5) Public 2 utilities . 1 0 0 PLANT WORKERS Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 - 2 2 1 0 1 - 2 - - 93 ( 5) 56 ( 5) 4 ( 5) 5 42 - 85 - 85 3 - Services All 4 industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 6 56 5 5 23 - - - 2 3 - - - 94 95 ( 5_) 2 1 1 1 - 92 7 1 ( 5) 1 Includes data for s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c om m u n ic ation , and other public u tilitie s . 3 F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te . 4 Includes data for r e a l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. NOTE: E s tim a te s for a ll in d u strie s and public u tilitie s include data for r a ilr o a d s (SIC 4 0 ) , om itted fr o m the scope o f a ll lab or m a rk et w age su rv e y s m ad e b efo re July 1959. W h ere sig n ifica n t, the effe ct of the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s is g r e a te st on the data shown se p a r a te ly fo r the public u tilitie s d iv isio n . ( 5_) - 78 4 9 9 - 92 7 1 Services 16 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by n um ber o f paid h olid ays p rovided annu ally, P ittsb u rgh , P a . , January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w o r k e r s All industries ------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts providin g paid h olid ays _____________________________________ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providin g no paid h olid ays __________________________________ 1 0 0 99 ( 5) Manufacturing Public , utilities 6 Wholesale trade 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 ” “ " PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 1 0 0 99 1 Finance3 1 0 0 1 0 0 “ Services All industries 1 0 0 98 2 Manufacturing Public , utilities Wholesale trade 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 “ Retail trade Services 1 0 0 89 ■ ~ 1 1 2 9 7 4 17 7 15 32 3 37 - 7 47 35 - - - N u m b e r off d a y s L e s s than 6 h olid ays ______________________________ h olid ays ___________________________________________ 6 h olid ays plus 1 half day _______________________ 6 h olid ays plus 2 half days ---------------------------------6 h olid ays plus 3 h alf d ays ---------------------------------7 h olid ays ___________________________________________ 7 h olid ays plus 1 half day ----------------------------------7 h olid ays plus 2 half days ---------------------------------8 h olid ays ___________________________________________ 8 h olid ays plus 1 h alf day _______________________ 9 h olid ays ___________________________________________ 1 0 holid ays _________________________________________ 1 0 holid ays plus 1 h alf day ______________________ 1 2 h olid ays _________________________________________ 6 T o ta l h o lid a y ( 5) 1 2 1 1 4 2 41 5 3 13 3 . . 4 4 63 9 4 14 - ( 5) - 2 2 3 (5) 1 - 1 34 24 13 26 2 1 2 2 7 1 1 27 5 27 - 3 6 8 26 3 - (5) . 8 57 4 3 7 2 14 3 1 13 ( 5) 1 ( 5) 64 1 8 1 74 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 59 1 2 1 - - - ' ' ' 8 - 2 “ tim e 6 days ---------------------------------------------------------------------IO V 2 or m o r e days ________________________________ or m o r e days __________________________________ 9 or m o r e days ------------------------------------------------------8 V 2 or m o r e days -------------------------------------------------8 or m o r e days ____________________________________ 7 l / z or m o r e days -------------------------------------------------7 or m o r e days ____________________________________ 6 1 / z or m o r e days -------------------------------------------------6 or m o r e d ays ------------------------------------------------------5 o r m o r e days ____________________________________ 4 o r m o r e days ____________________________________ 1 or m o r e days ____________________________________ 1 2 1 0 (5) 1 4 7 9 25 32 76 8 8 99 99 99 99 . - (5) 2 2 2 0 29 96 96 . . _ 2 - - - - 28 41 41 65 6 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 27 32 71 77 99 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 3 3 29 29 97 97 97 99 2 5 5 5 19 2 1 24 35 92 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 4 4 17 18 83 84 97 97 97 98 _ 1 _ 15 2 2 2 2 16 17 92 92 1 0 0 2 2 39 40 98 98 98 _ 37 40 80 84 91 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ 35 35 82 82 84 89 Includes data for s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilit ie s . F in a n c e, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te . Includes data fo r r e a l esta te and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. ^JLl com b ination s of fu ll and h alf days that add to the sa m e amount a r e com b ined; fo r ex a m p le , the proportion o f w o r k e r s rec e iv in g a total o f 7 d ays in clu d es th ose with 7 fu ll days and rays, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf d a y s, 5 fu ll days and 4 h alf d a y s, and so on. P ro p o rtio n s w ere then cu m u lated . NOTE: See note on p. 1 5 , re la tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s . 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of offic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by vacatio n pay p r o v is io n s , P ittsb u r g h , P a . , January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS V acation p o lic y A ll w o rk ers _______________________________________ M e th o d All . industries PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - " ~ “ 3 42 16 4 50 13 _ 27 13 All 4 industries 100 100 100 - " Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 , 100 100 100 - 100 93 7 - 100 91 8 - ( 5) ( 5) 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 99 1 - " ~ “ - ■ ■ - 8 34 - 4 3 ( 5) ( 5) 3 21 _ - 10 9 3 - 4 10 _ - 1 27 37 - 4 6 ( 5) 5 34 15 - Services Retail trade of paym ent W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts providin g paid vacatio n s ___________________________________ L e n g t h -o f-tim e paym ent _____________________ P erc en ta g e paym ent __________________________ F la t -s u m paym ent ____________________________ Other ______________ ____________________________ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g no paid vacations A m ou nt o f v a c a tio n ( 5) - . pay6 A fte r 6 m onths of se r v ic e Under 1 w eek _____________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ ( 5) - 20 2 77 1 14 3 83 - 60 2 38 " 22 78 - 54 46 - 96 4 90 2 8 - 95 2 3 - 92 2 6 - 66 34 - 71 - 5 3 90 2 7 ( 5) 92 - 5 22 73 - 7 93 - 6 2 92 - _ 96 4 72 10 18 85 9 5 ( 5) ( 5) 49 4 48 - 34 18 48 “ 28 10 61 - _ 19 48 33 23 64 12 8 20 72 6 3 91 ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 5 4 91 - - _ - - - 1 1 95 1 2 1 2 95 2 2 - A fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ________________ :_____________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _______________________ _ 29 - A fte r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ______________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks __________________ ________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _______________________ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ________________________ ____________________ O ve r 1 and under 2 w eeks _______________________ 2 w eeks _____________________________________________ O ve r 2 and under 3 w eeks _________ ____________ 3 w eeks ______________________________________________ 4 6 5 ( 5) 92 3 ( 5) 91 2 ( 5) 95 - 1 92 7 2 1 97 - 96 4 ( 5) ( 5) - - - - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek --------------------------------------------------------------------O ve r 1 and under 2 w eeks ____________ _________ 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ----------------------------------3 w eeks ______________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table, ( 5) 1 - 93 4 2 93 2 4 - _ 2 _ - - - - 100 93 7 95 91 9 - - 4 _ _ 6 - 100 10 90 90 - - - 4 Services 18 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by vacatio n pay p r o v isio n s, P ittsb u rgh , P a . , January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS V acation p olicy PLAN T WORKERS All . industries Manufacturing ( 5) 51 24 24 1 38 43 19 62 2 36 77 9 14 - _ _ _ 60 4 31 4 (5) ( S) - - - - (5) 39 47 13 (5) ( 5) ( 5) 7 89 3 1 3 93 2 2 ( 5") 94 6 - 12 88 1 1 98 12 83 5 " ( 5) 6 77 2 15 3 77 2 18 ( 5) 92 (5) 6 39 22 33 . 3 25 40 33 c Public , utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 Services All industries . Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade 29 63 7 1 71 4 25 52 16 31 _ _ ( 5) - - - ( 5) 4 92 2 2 1 94 2 3 - 97 3 9 91 3 8 89 ( 5) 2 80 2 15 1 84 3 12 Retail trade Amount of vacation pay6---- Continued A fte r 10 y e a r s of se r v ic e 1 w eek ______ 2 w eeks _ O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks _______________________ 3 w eeks O ve r 3 and under 4 w eeks _____________________________ 4 w eeks _________________________________________________________ 1 67 - 32 3 49 48 _ A fte r 15 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____________________________________________________________ 2 w eeks _ 3 w eeks O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eeks _ _ ____ - - - - 12 80 1 1 55 _ _ - - - _ 9 77 3 2 48 A fte r 20 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ________________________________________________ 2 w eeks 3 w eeks _ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks _______________________ 4 w eeks ______________________________________________ . - - 8 8 43 8 77 4 10 . . ( 5) 31 2 67 12 60 7 22 1 1 38 8 70 - 86 _ _ _ 14 14 47 A fte r 25 y e a r s of se r v ic e 1 w eek ________________________________________________ 2 w eek s _________________________________________________________ 3 w eek s _________________________________________________________ O ve r 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eek s _________________________________________________________ . ( 5) 2 27 - 4 44 60 17 27 1 In cludes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s . 3 F in an ce, in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te . 4 In clud es data fo r r e a l esta te and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in du stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. 6 P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b itr a r ily ch osen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the in dividu al p r o v isio n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . s e r v ic e include changes in p r o v isio n s o c c u r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . For . 1 19 60 20 ex a m p le, . - 48 2 50 9 57 2 32 _ 57 the changes in p r op ortion s in dicated at 10 y e a r s ' N O T E : See note on p. 1 5 , r ela tiv e to the in clu sio n o f r a ilr o a d s . In the tabu lations o f v acatio n allo w a n c es by y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , p aym en ts oth er than "le n g th o f t i m e " o f annual ea rn in g s or f la t -s u m p aym e n ts, w e r e con verted to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le, a paym ent o f 2 p ercen t of annual ea rn in g s w as c o n sid e r e d as 1 w e e k 's p ay. 3 2 38 such as p ercen tage 19 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s em p loyed in e sta b lish m e n ts providing h ealth, in su ra n ce , or p en sion b e n e fits, P ittsb u rgh , P a . , January 1961) O F F IC E W O RK ER S Type of ben efit A ll w o r k e r s All industries _________________________________________ Manufacturing Public 2 utilities PL AN T WORKERS Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 Services All industries Manufacturing c Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 Retail trade Services 100 W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providing: L ife in su ran ce __________________________________ A cc id e n ta l death and d ism e m b e r m e n t in su ran ce -------------------------------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce or sic k le a v e or b o th 5 --------------------------------------- 95 98 73 93 94 100 94 99 60 78 91 44 36 36 63 84 46 44 39 33 58 74 85 92 70 85 94 78 90 97 58 70 90 S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce -----------S ick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p eriod) -----------------------------------------S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay or w aiting p eriod) ------------------------------------------ 51 70 17 57 74 15 85 96 29 63 73 73 79 68 75 15 78 6 1 17 20 29 1 - - 3 16 “ 4 1 28 3 4 H o sp ita liza tio n in su ran ce ------------------------------S u rgical in su ran ce _____________________________ M e d ic a l in su ran ce ______________________________ C ata strop h e in su ran ce ------------------------------------R e tire m e n t p en sion -----------------------------------------No h ealth, in su r a n ce , or p en sion plan ------ 80 80 52 42 83 1 99 99 66 38 92 70 70 65 60 70 71 70 44 31 60 4 94 94 15 16 76 5 43 41 24 55 90 95 94 43 16 86 1 79 79 67 56 58 73 73 53 18 72 13 90 90 46 4 72 9 ( 6) 100 99 38 12 94 1 Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 2 T r an sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s . 3 Fin an ce, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te . 4 Includes data fo r r e a l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 5 U nduplicated total of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g sic k le a v e o r sic k n e ss and accid en t in su ran ce shown s e p a r a te ly b elo w . S ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ite d to those w hich d efin ite ly e sta b lish at le a st the m in im u m n um ber o f days* pay that can be ex pected by ea ch e m p lo y e e . In form al s ic k -le a v e allo w a n c es d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is a r e exclu d ed . 6 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t. NOTE: See note on p. 15, r e la tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s . 21 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (hilling machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the w ork. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing *a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B ~ Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify Own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 23 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superiorj receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABLLATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B— Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 24 TYPIST—-Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerica l work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A— Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B— Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident* on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 25 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, ^portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety o f electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications;.locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts ot a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges., jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 26 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolerances; making standard shop computations re la ting to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machiue shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with o il or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur fa ce s of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and* types o f paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consisten cy. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size o f pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded . 27 TOOL AND-DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U STO D IA L AND M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gale and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office , apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 28 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers * orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various tvpes of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D rivers ale smen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium ( l lA to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 1961 0 — 5 9 1 6 0 4 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 196l. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.-N .J.— Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285* Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285*34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, Tex.— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285**Boston, Mass.— Bull* 1285-15 * * Buffalo, N.Y.— Bull. 1285- 31 Burlington, Vt.— Bull. 1285* Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N.C.— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285" Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285-38 **Dallas, Tex.— Bull. 1285-21 * * Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285*41 * Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285-43 Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 **Fort Worth, Tex.— Bull. 1285-23 '•'Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285* Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, Miss.—-Bull. 1285-42 * * Jacksonville, Fla.— Bull. 1285- 30 * Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.—Buil. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.-Ind.— Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285'•'Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 * Miami, Fla.— Bull. 1285*33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285“ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285-39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, Pa.— Bull. 1285-44 * Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285*19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285* * Raleigh, N.C.— Bull. 1285*5 * Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285-26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285**S t. Louis, Mo.-Ill.— Bull. 1285- 10 **Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285* San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, Calif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, Calif.— Bull. 1285-36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285* * Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 * * Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285*7 * * * Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285* Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285*40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News — Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 * * Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 ( ^ Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- ** ',;v * ** ** Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285-25 Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va.— Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20 Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 Wilmington, Del.—N.J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285-45 An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * ** Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.
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