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Occupational Wage Survey MINNEAPOUS-ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA JANUARY 1 9 6 1 Bulletin No. 1285-39 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices <* _______ New Eaglaad Region 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. Liberty 2-2115 Jiotf Occupational Wage Survey MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA J A N U A R Y 1961 B u lle tin N o . 1285-39 March 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary / v BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner % For sale by the Superintendent of Documents; U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents fO f\ Lg y" B p ' JJ Preface Contents Page The C om m u n ity W age S u rvey P r o g r a m W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g r o u p s _______________________ The B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics r e g u la r ly con d u cts a rea w id e w age su r v e y s in a n u m ber o f im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n t e r s . The stu d ies, m ade fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , rela te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en tary b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in ea ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stud ied. T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s additional data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A co n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lle tin su m m a rizin g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r ’ s su r v e y s is is s u e d a fter c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u ’ s re g io n a l o ffic e in C h ic a g o , 111., by W ood row C . L in n , under the d ir e c tio n o f G e o rg e E . V otav a, A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r fo r W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . 4 T a b le s : 1. 2. E sta b lish m en ts and w o rk e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y -------- ----Indexes o f stan dard w eek ly s a la r ie s and stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n a l g ro u p s, and p e r ce n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s —____________— A. B. O ccu p a tion a l ea rn in g s: * A -l. O ffic e occu p a tion s — ________________________________ A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s _______________ A -3 . M aintenance and pow erp lan t o c c u p a t io n s _____________ A -4 . C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m ov em en t o c c u p a t io n s _______ E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : * B -l. Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ____________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s f o r w om en o ffic e w o r ke r s ______________ _____—______ ________ — ----------B -3 . S ch ed u led w eek ly h o u r s ________________________________ — B -4 . P a i d h o l i d a y s —_____________________________________________ B -5 . B -6 . P a id v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________________ H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion p la n s _________________ A ppendix: O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip t i o n s ________________________________ — ❖ N O TE: S im ila r tabu lation s a r e a v a ila b le in the M in n ea p olis— St. P aul a r e a r e p o r t s fo r N ov em b er 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1954, D e ce m b e r 1955, M a rch 1957, January 1958, 1959, and I960. M ost o f the r e p o r t s a ls o in clu de data on th ese o r re la te d esta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d i cating date o f study and p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , a s w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. C u rren t r e p o r t s on occu p a tio n a l earn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r a c t ic e s in the M in n ea p olis—St. P au l a r e a a r e a ls o a v a ila b le fo r m a ch in e ry (F e b r u a r y I960), flu id m ilk (M ay I960), h o te ls (A p r il I960), p o w e r la u n d rie s and d r y c le a n e r s (A p r il I960), banking (June I9 6 0 ),and h o sp ita ls (July I960). Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s or in d u str ie s : B uilding co n s tru ctio n , prin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to rtru ck d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . 3 3 5 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 Occupational W age Survey—Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s in w h ich the U. S. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r *s B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s has co n d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d w age b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e r e ob ta in ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u rea u fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g ro u p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a re g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e om itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th ey fu rn is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c cu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r ran t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , se p a r a te ta bu la tion s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h e se s u r v e y s a r e co n d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su r v e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In co m b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a s e d on the • sta b lish m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e la tin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a , e x ce p t f o r th o se b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied. O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in gs The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tio n a l c l a s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a cco u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See ap pendix f o r lis tin g o f th e se d e s c r i p t i o n s .) E a rn in g s data a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p es o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in te n an ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. la te s h ifts . N on p rod u ction b o n u se s a r e ex clu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in ce n tiv e e a rn in g s a r e in clu d ed . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a r e r e p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sc h e d u le s (rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h our) f o r w hich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w eek ly ea rn in g s f o r th ese o c cu p a tio n s have b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en a re p r e s e n te d s e p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D iffe r e n c e s in p a y le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese o ccu p a tio n s a r e la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u str ie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific du ties p e r fo r m e d , although the occu p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sa m e su r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in div id u al s a la r ie s a r e ad ju sted on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h ig h er a v e r a g e pay when both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ran ge. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese s u r v e y s a re u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in d iv id u al esta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l e m p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the tota l in a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b er a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l str u c tu r e am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l em p lo y m e n t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f esta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied . T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tion a l s tru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n ings data. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p lem en ta ry W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry b en efits as th ey r e late to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u se d O ccu p a tio n a l em p lo y m e n t and ea rn in g s data a r e show n f o r in this b u lletin , in clu d e s w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th o se h ir e d to w ork a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r re la te d fu n ctio n s, and e x clu d e s a d m in u le in the g iv en o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data e x clu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and is tr a tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clud e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m en and tr a in e e s ) en ga ged in n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s. A d m in is tr a tiv e , R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th ese stu d ieesx, e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as a s e p a r a te w ork fo r c e a r e e x clu d ed . w e r e in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s stu d ied s in c e Ju ly 1959, e x c e p t B a lti C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and rou tem en a r e e x clu d e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s m o r e (S e p te m b e r 1959 and D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ), B u ffa lo (O c to b e r 1959), t r ie s , but a r e in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . C le v e la n d (S e p te m b e r 1959), and S eattle (A u gu st 1959). 1 2 Shift d iffe r e n t ia l data (ta ble B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f tota l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y . In esta b lis h m e n ts h aving v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount ap plying to a m a jo r it y w as u se d o r , if no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s ific a t io n " o t h e r " w as u sed . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich s o m e la t e sh ift h ou rs a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly if it a p p lied to a m a jo r it y o f the sh ift h o u r s. M in im u m e n tra n ce ra tes (ta ble B -2 ) r e la te on ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d on am e sta b lis h m e n t, ra th er than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n ce , and p e n s io n plans a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch ed u led h ou rs a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th e se a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r ity a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f roun din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l item s in th ese tabu la tion s m a y not equ al to ta ls . The f ir s t p a rt o f the p a id h olid a y s ta ble p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d . The s e c o n d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh ow total h o lid a y t im e . The su m m a r y o f v a c a tio n plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l plan s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith pay is gra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e s tim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com pu tin g v a ca tio n p a y m e n ts , su ch as tim e p a y m e n ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H o w e v e r, in the tabu lation s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a ym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; f o r exam ple,* a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the eq u iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 's pay. 2 An e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h aving a p o li c y if it m et e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g co n d itio n s: (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts. S ch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s (fir s t s e c tio n o f ta b le B -3 ) in s u r v e y s m a de p r io r to Ju ly 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s w ith the in d ica te d w e e k ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 3 D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h ealth , in s u r a n ce , and p e n s io n plan s fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x ce p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such pla n s in clu d e th o se u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n ce c om p a n y and th o se p r o v id e d th rou gh a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t op e r a tin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . D eath b en e fits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n ce . S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in s u r a n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in s u r a n ce u n der w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a sh p a ym en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly to the in su r e d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is d u rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch plan s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n trib u te s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich have en a cted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n ce la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plan s a r e in clu d e d o n ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e with b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f p a id s i c k - le a v e p la n s a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's pa y d u rin g a b s e n ce fr o m w o rk b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep a ra te ta bu la tion s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) p la n s p r o v id in g e ith e r p a r tia l pay o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In ad d ition to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n du plica ted tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e fits . C a ta strop h e in s u r a n ce , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to as exten d ed m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d e s th o se pla n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in v olv in g e x p e n s e s b ey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and % u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in su r a n ce r e fe r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r tia l pa ym en t o f d o c t o r s 1 fe e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d e rw ritte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in su r a n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p e n s io n pla n s a r e lim ite d to th o se pla n s that p r o v id e m on th ly p a ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 4 5 The t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode Isla n d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s . An e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h avin g a fo r m a l pla n if it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f da ys o f s ic k le a v e that cou ld be e x p e cte d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a p la n n eed n ot be w ritten , but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , w e re e x clu d e d . 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , 1 by m ajor industry division, Industry division All divisions ___ _ Number of establishments Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study __ _ __ Manufacturing __ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ .... ... .... . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 _________________________________ ......... ... . _ . W holesale trade Retail trade . . . Finance, insurance, and real estate S e rv ic e s7 2 January 1961 W orkers in establishments Within scope of study Within scope of study 3 Studied Studied T o ta l4 Office Plant T o ta l4 50 1, 033 255 255,800 55, 200 144, 900 157, 530 50 50 428 605 94 161 119, 200 136, 600 17, 000 38, 200 75, 800 69, 100 73, 240 84, 290 50 50 50 50 50 88 144 190 93 90 33 38 40 29 21 8, 7, 5, 15, 21, 900 7, 800 30, 700 6 800 (8) 32, 9, 25, 13, 3, 41, 20, 40, 21, 13, 200 500 500 400 000 500 100 400 700 (8) 210 540 440 160 940 1 The Minneapolis—St. Paul Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Anoka, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, and Washington Counties). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only. 7 H otels; personal service s; business serv ice s; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit mem bership organizations; and engineering and architectural service s. 8 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961 and January I960, and percents of increase for selected periods Indexes (November 1952 = 100) Industry and occupational group January 1961 January I960 Percent increases from — January I960 to January 1961 January 1959 to January I960 January 1958 to January 1959 March 1957 to January 1958 Decem ber 1955 to March 1957 November 1954 November 1953 November 1952 to to to Decem ber 1955 November 1954 November 1953 All indu stries; Office clerical (women) ___________ Industrial nurses (women) Skilled maintenance (men) ________ Unskilled plant (men) ____ 137. 145. 142. 148. 7 7 0 7 133. 3 138.6 137. 1 142. 6 3. 5. 3. 4. 3 1 6 3 3. 3. 3. 3. 2 5 4 9 3. 3. 4. 4. 4 7 6 9 3. 3. 4. 5. 0 8 1 1 6. 3 5. 3 5. 3 6 .4 3. 3. 4. 4. 8 4 9 9 3. 4. 3. 4. 3 3 3 9 6. 3 9. 4 6 .6 6. 4 Manufacturing: Office clerical (women) ______ __ Industrial nurses (women) Skilled maintenance (men) Unskilled plant (men) _____________ 135. 145. 139. 143. 1 3 4 1 130. 137. 134. 138. 3. 2 5. 7 3. 6 3 .6 3. 2. 3. 3. 3 9 3 3 3. 3. 4. 5. 1 6 1 5 3. 4. 4. 4. 0 4 4 1 5. 3 5. 3 5. 1 5 .4 3. 2. 5. 4. 4 0 4 2 3. 6 5. 0 1 .4 4. 8 5. 8 9 .4 6. 7 5. 8 9 5 5 1 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta b le 2 a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s o f o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e le c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . In a r e a s w h ich w e r e n ot s u r v e y e d d u rin g the f i s c a l 1953 b a s e y e a r (J u ly 1952 to June 1953) th is ta b le is lim ite d to p e r c e n t s o f ch a n g e b e tw e e n s e le c t e d p e r io d s . F o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , the in d e x e s r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o rk , that is , the sta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n g e s in s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x clu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts. The in d e x e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e le c t e d k e y o c c u p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p o rta n t jo b s w ith in e a c h g ro u p . The o f f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w o m e n in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a c h in e ); b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , f ile , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o ll; k eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; o f f ic e g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; s te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The in d u s tr ia l n u r s e data a r e b a s e d on w o m e n in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten a n ce jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e r e in clu d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r data: S k ille d — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e ; m i l l w r ig h ts ; p a in t e r s ; p ip e fit t e r s ; s h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r s ; and t o o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h an dlin g; and w a tch m en . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e c o m p u te d f o r e a c h o f the s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e then m u lt ip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n s w e r e th en to ta le d tp o b ta in an a g g r e g a te f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p . F in a lly , the r a t io o f th e s e g ro u p a g g r e g a te s f o r a giv^ n y e a r to the a g g r e g a te f o r the b a s e p e r io d (s u r v e y m on th , w in te r 1952—53) w a s co m p u te d «and the r e s u lt m u lt ip lie d b y the b a s e y e a r in d e x (1 0 0 ) to g e t the in d e x f o r the g iv e n y e a r . S im ila r p r o c e d u r e s w e r e fo llo w e d in c o m p ilin g " p e r c e n t s o f c h a n g e " in a r £ a s n ot s u r v e y e d d u rin g 1953. A d ju s tm e n ts h a v e b e e n m a d e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y to m a in ta in c o m p a r a b ility s o that the y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s a r e b a s e d on the sa m e in d u str y and o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e . F o r e x a m p le , r a ilr o a d s h av e b e e n in clu d e d in the c o v e r a g e o f the s u r v e y s on ly s in c e Ju ly 1959. In com p u tin g the in d e x e s fo r the f i r s t y e a r in w h ich r a ilr o a d s w e r e in clu d ed , data r e la tin g to r a ilr o a d s w e r e e x clu d e d . In d exes f o r s u b s e quent y e a r s in clu d e data f o r r a ilr o a d s . T h e in d e x e s m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w a g e c h a n g e s; (2) m e r it o r o th e r in c r e a s e s in pa y r e c e iv e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e su ch a s la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n sio n s, f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . C h an ges in the la b o r f o r c e can c a u s e in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ith ou t a c tu a l w a g e c h a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e ex p a n sio n m ig h t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ifi c o c cu p a tio n and r e su lt in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ou ld h ave the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u ld c a u s e the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s to d r o p , ev en though n o ch a n ge in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts . The u se o f con sta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b in clu d e d in the data. N or a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c e d b y ch a n g es in sta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r s . In d ex es f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I9 6 0 f o r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s w ill a p p e a r in B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W a ges and R ela ted B e n e fits , 60 l<abor M a r k e ts, W in ter 1959—60. 5 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. O ffice Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Avbhagb S ex, o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v is i o n Number of workers $ 4 0 . 00 Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings * and (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 . 00 $ 9 5 . 00 S $ $ $ S S 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 $ 9 0 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 L 0 0 .00 . - - 1 1 1 5 5 4 10 10 7 41 21 20 1 13 48 12 36 3 23 52 26 26 1 21 64 31 33 11 10 105 55 50 25 14 63 18 45 24 12 60 20 40 28 9 33 8 25 20 3 40 3 37 11 17 39 11 28 4 10 31 5 26 17 1 69 56 13 6 3 44 30 14 6 7 38 21 17 7 4 34 22 12 7 3 10 _ 4 . 2 _ 2 2 - 14 1 13 12 1 - - - - - 12 12 12 5 5 5 18 18 18 23 23 23 54 20 34 34 40 14 26 26 43 14 29 29 97 11 86 78 28 1 27 21 49 15 34 28 78 37 41 36 30 2 28 20 4 3 1 21 _ 10 2 10 2 4 6 2 7 2 2 1 _ _ . _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ “ - - - - - - - and 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 . OQ 12Q..QQ 1 2 5 . on over M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ ______________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________________ 584 211 373 179 1 30 39. 5 " 3 9 :3 " 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 $ 9 9 .5 0 9 7. 50 1 0 0 . 50 1 1 0 .0 0 9 1 . 50 _ _ - - - - C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________________________ 345 1 52 193 96 51 39. 39. 39. 40. 40. 5 5 5 0 0 78. 79. 76. 82. 71. - 9 - - 1 1 1 1 8 3 5 3 C l e r k s , o r d e r _________ _____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -------------------------- -------------------------------- 502 117 385 343 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 9 7 . 50 100. 00 9 7 .0 0 9 5 . 00 _ _ _ _ - - - - - ■ 39. 5 9 3 . 00 58. 53. 59. 76. 57. C le r k s , p a y ro ll _______________________________________________ 58 00 50 50 00 50 O f f i c e b o y s _____________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------- --------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________________ 270 63 2 07 50 74 39. 39. 39. 40. 39. T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A -----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________ 1 45 61 84 39. 5 40. 0 39. 0 T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B -----------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e -----------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 313 1 12 201 50 75 3 9 .5 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 38. 5 86. 87. 86. 93. 86. 82. T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C -----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________ F i n a n c e 4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 193 151 1 20 38. 5 36. 6 38. 0 7 4 . 00 7 3 . 00 7 0 . 00 55 5 5 5 0 5 00 50 00 50 00 1 0 2 .5 0 9 8 . 00 1 0 6 .0 0 50 00 50 00 00 00 _ 8 9 . 6 1 16 16 3 - 66 19 47 10 59 25 34 3 12 42 7 35 27 30 7 23 1 20 13 4 9 3 4 - “ 5 1 4 9 4 5 19 13 6 13 5 8 16 10 6 10 5 5 37 16 21 10 5 5 12 12 30 13 17 3 11 32 13 19 7 6 60 31 29 3 13 8 30 14 16 7 2 5 46 7 39 20 11 4 7 4 4 1 1 1 _ 19 12 9 12 6 2 11 7 11 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - ■ • ' “ “ “ _ _ _ 4 - - - 9 9 - 22 5 17 - 25 8 17 4 - - - _ - - 3 3 1 3 2 4 4 12 5 5 39 17 22 8 2 9 20 17 17 21 16 15 30 28 27 21 16 16 45 37 33 - 5 2 _ 2 2 35 35 34 1 “ - • 3 - 4 4 4 4 1 3 3 _ _ 6 10 10 47 6 41 31 10 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 13 - . . _ . - - - - 15 15 13 1 40 14 26 3 22 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 21 13 2 6 — 2------4 8 8 . _ _ _ _ - - - - ' See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Estimates for all industries, nonmanufacturing, and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor market wage surveys made before July 1959. Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis-^St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) A nuei Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of ■worker! NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly Weekly j (Standard) (Standard) $ 4 0 . 00 under 4 5 . 00 S 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 f 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 *60. 0 0 *65. 0 0 7 0. 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 34 32 17 6 9 73 59 11 15 25 24 20 10 6 6 4 1 - 7 5 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 S 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 S 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 5 . 00 " 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 t S S $ $ S 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 and _ “ " ■ 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 0 0 over Women Billers, machine (billing machine) ___________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ __________________ Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Wholesale trade __________________________________ Retail trade -------------------------------------------------------------- 2 24 2 00 52 56 63 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 4 0 .0 $ 6 2 .0 0 6 2 . 00 6 4 . 50 6 5 . 00 5 9 . 50 1 1 1 6 6 5 57 55 14 13 12 ■ Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine) _____________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Retail trade _______________________________________ 1 20 1 20 60 40. 5 40. 5 40. 0 6 2 . 50 6 2 . 50 56. 00 6 6 6 4 4 4 18 18 13 18 18 18 38 38 12 5 5 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A ___________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ __________________ ________ Wholesale trade _ 177 1 39 67 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 7 6 . 00 7 4 . 50 79. 00 5 5 1 5 5 3 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ____________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Public utilities2 ___________________________ _ __ Wholesale trade __________________________________ Retail trade ________________________________________ Finance4 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 906 219 687 43 160 1 05 348 39. 39. 39. 40. 40. 40. 39. 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 61. 68. 59. 75. 64. 61. 54. 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 _ - 146 7 139 - Clerks, accounting, class A _ ________ _ Manufacturing ____________________ __________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Wholesale trade __________________ _____________ Retail trade _______________________________ ______ Finance4 ____________________________________________ 694 164 530 121 103 109 1 43 39. 5 39. 0 39. 5 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 38. 5 81. 83. 81. 89. 77. 77. 80. 50 50 00 00 50 00 00 _ - Clerks, accounting, class B _______ __________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Public utilities2 ____ __ _____ __________________ Wholesale trade __________________________________ Retail trade ________ __ __ _________ __ _______ ____ Finance4 _________________ _________________________ 1 ,9 6 5 398 1 ,5 6 7 2 76 221 314 682 39. 0 39. 0 39. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 38. 0 6 4 . 00 6 6 .0 0 6 3 . 50 7 1 . 00 6 6 . 00 5 9. 00 6 2 . 00 Clerks, file, class A _______________ __________________ Manufacturing ______ ___________ __________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ __________________ Finance4 ___________________________________________ 2 17 1 02 1 15 57 39. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 38. 0 66. 65. 67. 65. Clerks, file, class B ______ _....________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________ _____________ __ _.__ _... Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Wholesale trade ______________ __________________ Retail trade _ __________ __________________ ________ Finance4 ___________________________________________ 1 ,3 2 6 2 17 1 ,1 0 9 1 02 138 1 75 638 39. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 38. 5 5 3 . 50 5 4 .5 0 5 3 . 50 6 3 . 50 5 8 . 00 5 0 . 50 5 1 . 50 See footnotes at end of table, 50 50 50 50 _ _ - - - - - 1 16 2 114 2 9 1 03 _ - - - 13 13 - 173 26 147 - 12 1 _ - 19 41 83 _ 6 6 5 1 - 4 4 4 - 5 5 _ - . - " 19 19 7 " " 14 14 7 38 32 6 30 29 6 20 13 12 30 16 11 212 64 148 63 18 60 140 36 1 04 11 41 37 12 75 48 27 9 5 9 4 40 27 13 - 11 12 98 1 32 12 1 20 5 23 18 71 2 2 2 6 6 4 2 56 2 54 7 8 18 10 103 4 99 8 30 35 26 99 30 69 14 10 5 34 280 43 2 37 48 25 50 98 250 54 1 96 41 32 41 73 472 66 406 34 66 91 1 73 291 84 207 36 22 62 87 24 14 10 7 79 45 34 12 1 85 49 136 12 37 8 67 1 02 26 76 2 13 5 52 - - 6 2 4 3 62 62 10 6 25 21 449 51 398 14 26 52 286 412 77 335 27 23 68 197 - . 4 4 3 1 . - 9 9 9 - - - 1 1 6 6 ■ 11 10 10 17 13 4 1 3 - 3 2 1 - - - - - 75 29 46 1 13 17 5 84 19 65 20 23 3 7 86 41 45 4 3 5 20 46 12 34 10 5 7 12 58 19 39 10 3 19 7 37 5 32 18 4 - 29 2 27 14 4 - 9 205 29 1 76 43 10 10 1 12 109 55 54 5 8 3 38 66 30 36 10 10 4 11 32 5 27 11 10 - 18 3 15 7 7 - 26 1 25 15 10 - 23 2 21 19 2 - 5 1 - - - 61 21 40 25 27 16 11 7 8 2 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 - _ - - - 6 1 5 2 - - - 46 4 42 5 12 17 8 34 5 29 9 19 - 15 5 10 3 1 - 2 2 1 1 - 2 2 2 - 5 5 5 . 3 - 2 - 3 3 - 2 2 _ 1 6 3 11 2 1 - 5 5 5 - _ _ - - _ - _ - ■ ■ 12 6 4 1 1 1 9 6 6 11 - 14 8 6 6 _ - _ _ _ - 11 9 2 “ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - ■ ■ “ “ - 2 2 . . . - - - - - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - - - 10 10 10 - _ - 2 2 1 _ 1 1 _ 9 - - - - 3 3 3 _ _ 4 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 4 4 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ 7 Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) Ayiuai Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly i (Standard) (Standard) $ $ $ 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 under 45.00 - - 50.00 55.00 25 25 19 - S $ 55. 00 60. 00 - - 60. 00 65.00 $ $ $ $ $ S S S $ 9 $ S $ 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 no. oo 115. 00 120. 00 125. 00 - - - - - 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 - - - - - - - 95. 00 100.00 105.00 no. oo 115. 00 120.00 125. 00 and over Women— Continued Clerks, order --------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------- ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------ ----------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ___________________________________ 293 no 183 97 39.5 39. 0 39.5 40. 0 $67. 71. 65. 73. 50 50 00 50 3 3 - Clerks, payroll _________________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------Public utilities 2 -----------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade -----------------------------------------------------Retail trade -------------------------------------------------------------- 612 259 353 115 74 103 39.5 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 39.5 72. 70. 74. 84. 79. 64. 50 50 00 50 00 50 _ Comptometer operators --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Public utilities 2 __________________________________ Wholesale trade -----------------------------------------------------Retail trade _______________________________________ Finance4 ---------- ------------- ------------------------------------ 690 n nr 528 67 201 145 88 39. 5 38.5 39.5 40.0 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 71. 00 77. 00 69. 00 90. 50 71. 50 61.00 63. 00 4 4 4 - Duplicating-machine operators (Mimeograph or Ditto) ________________________________ " - 46 26 20 5 37 2 35 22 33 20 13 6 27 4 23 18 64 39 25 23 19 12 7 7 4 4 - - 19 3 22 8 14 3 8 19 3 16 2 1 10 66 18 48 18 7 10 100 49 51 13 5 16 65 40 25 4 15 92 35 57 3 9 37 84 57 27 1 12 7 57 38 19 4 14 - 29 - 41 2 39 1 4 23 10 71 9 62 1 12 29 12 142 26 116 48 43 11 84 20 64 43 15 6 92 26 66 1 39 18 8 48 17 31 12 5 14 . 34 16 18 4 2 8 29 4 6 19 8 3 5 5 2 2 2 3 3 3 23 3 20 8 10 17 6 11 6 4 25 2 23 23 _ 28 28 24 4 - “ - l l l 1 1 1 _ - 1 1 1 1 . - - - - “ - - 1 _ 19 4 15 12 3 _ 56 1 55 50 5 - 67 38 29 2 27 - 1 1 _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 2 19 9 3 1 6 97 97 97 _ _ 20 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 20 17 3 _ _ _ ■ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 60. 50 7 11 11 10 9 1 3 39. 39. 39. 40. 40. 39. 38. 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 65. 64. 65. 78. 67. 60. 58. 00 50 50 50 50 00 00 11 11 11 49 3 46 3 5 38 194 37 157 16 8 13 112 215 58 157 36 18 12 88 255 99 156 19 21 9 87 168 94 74 9 20 4 39 90 34 56 20 12 7 17 63 27 36 11 17 3 5 28 11 17 11 6 - Office girls ------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _______________________ — -----------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- — __ -------------Retail trade _______________________________________ Finance4 --------------------------------------------------------------- 415 65 350 60 232 39. 39. 39. 40. 38. 0 5 0 0 5 49. 50. 49. 51. 47. 50 00 50 00 50 28 3 25 4 21 259 42 217 22 172 75 12 63 19 31 30 2 28 14 8 11 5 6 - 5 5 1 6 1 5 - 1 1 - - - - “ - - - - - Secretaries ______________________________________________ Manufacturing _____ — ----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ___________ _______________________ Public utilities 2 -------------- ------- ------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------ ------------------ — Retail trade _______________________________________ Finance4 ------------------------ --------------------------------------- 2, 855 1, 065 1, 790 324 404 229 603 39. 0 39. 5 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 38. 0 82. 83. 81. 84. 84. 80. 80. 00 00 00 50 00 50 00 23 1 22 5 217 68 149 29 32 18 42 387 123 264 34 36 21 118 469 177 292 20 75 59 84 561 235 326 29 86 39 124 330 191 139 12 45 35 47 348 159 189 17 63 42 58 109 41 68 21 16 6 25 71 10 61 24 18 1 18 69 27 42 29 2 7 27 4 23 16 5 2 23 3 20 10 2 10 5 5 5 Stenographers, general ________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ---------------------- ------------- -------- — Public utilities 2 ________________ ________________ Wholesale trade _______________________ ________ Retail trade ________________________________ _____ Finance4 ---------------------------- ----------------------------- 2. 511 892 1, 619 582 358 232 365 39.5 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 72. 00 68. 50 74. 00 88. 00 73.00 65. 50 60. 50 430 224 206 24 57 38 73 226 114 112 26 41 23 22 224 95 129 40 49 29 11 102 31 71 34 23 13 73 41 32 19 12 1 154 23 131 116 15 - 101 4 97 88 9 55 55 40 15 _ _ 59 8 51 42 9 - 37 37 37 - 13 13 13 - - - See footnotes at end of table. _ - - - - - - “ 3 9 194 20 174 68 15 5 59 _ - 23 23 3 3 _ 117 20 97 5 11 12 69 365 113 252 42 24 39 104 524 219 305 45 90 77 68 _ - 17 - - ~ - _ _ 1 - 39.5 _ - “ 3 3 3 1, 212 Keypunch operators — ______________________ _________ 366 Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------- ~ 846 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------------Public utilities2 ______ ______________ _________ 245 Wholesale trade _ --------------------------------------------------111 Retail trade ------ ------------------------ -------- -------------54 Finance4 ___________________________________________ 403 _ - 10 10 9 1 2 54 _ - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - - - 8 3 3 3 - - - 17 1 16 5 9 2 5 5 5 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) Avzbagx N um ber of w orkers Sex, occupation, and industry division W e e k ly b o t in l (S ta n da rd) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— W e e k ly earn in gs 1 (Sta n da rd) s $ $ S $ $ $ f * $ $ S $ $ s $ S 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 ? 0 5 . 00 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 and and under 45. 00 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over W omen— Continued Stenographers, technical Nonmanufacturing .. .. ... ..... . . ............... _ 28 23 36 24 16 9 21 15 1 1 . - - 2 2 1 1 4 4 - - - - - 82 2 80 23 2 94 14 80 10 12 50 16 34 1 5 16 56 19 37 2 10 7 64 17 47 14 9 14 37 23 14 1 _ 7 14 5 9 2 _ 3 44 5 39 35 _ 17 7 10 10 _ 8 2 6 6 _ 2 1 1 1 _ l l l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 21 21 10 6 1 65 23 42 18 9 11 112 15 97 7 23 34 14 139 48 91 19 30 31 7 108 62 46 8 15 15 73 56 17 12 5 46 24 22 5 9 1 7 25 16 9 2 5 2 7 3 4 2 2 _ 18 8 10 5 5 - 8 2 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 1 4 . 5 7 12 14 11 8 4 3 1 5 40. 0 39. 5 Switchboard operators ... _ . Manufacturing _ _ ... .. Nonmanufacturing Public u tilities 2 Retail trade __________________________________________ F in an c e4 ___ __ ... 501 111 390 73 89 61 40. 5 3 9 .5 4 1 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 38. 5 66. 72. 64. 85. 55. 66. 00 00 50 50 00 50 6 6 6 - 26 26 26 Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists Manufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ Public utilities 2 . . . . . . W h olesale trade Retail trade F in an ce4 ................. .. ..... _ .... 626 257 369 66 126 87 51 39. 39. 39. 40. 39. 40. 37. 65. 68. 63. 64. 66. 57. 65. 00 50 00 50 50 00 50 4 4 4 - 5 5 5 0 5 0 0 $ 7 1 .0 0 71. 50 _ 109 79 . " - - . _ _ _ _ 70 39. 5 76. 50 . 117 94 75 3 9 .0 38. 5 38. 0 62. 00 61. 00 59. 00 5 5 5 6 6 6 10 10 9 22 22 22 34 1'9 16 23 19 8 3 - - - - - - - _ _ 3 6 6 3 6 4 3 - - - - - - - - - Tran scrib in g-m ach in e op erators, general ____ Manufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing Public u tilities 2 ____________________________________ W h olesale trade F in an ce4 ................. . .................. 706 235" 470 30 165 217 39. 0 39. 0 39. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 38. 0 64. 67. 62. 61. 64. 61. 00 00 50 50 50 00 3 3 _ 3 20 20 7 13 106 14 92 4 17 60 87 19 68 9 6 27 185 64 121 8 66 42 133 59 74 6 37 29 78 25 53 2 16 25 63 39 24 12 12 20 15 5 1 7 3 3 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " 6 _ 6 1 1 1 _ - - - - - - - - T yp ists, c la ss A ............. ....... . .. Manufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ . . . Public utilities 2 _ _ _ W h olesale trade _ .... . . . . . . F in an ce4 ..... . 671 316 361 83 50 160 3 9 .5 39. 6 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 38. 0 67. 66. 67. 77. 70. 61. 00 00 50 00 00 00 _ _ _ _ 184 $1 93 10 7 62 141 80 61 6 12 31 59 20 39 4 19 8 49 10 39 27 1 6 6 2 _ 11 11 11 _ 6 6 6 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 81 29 52 10 1 32 83 59 24 6 9 - 50 21 29 1 27 2, 415 7 l5 1, 700 158 267 124 996 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 3 7 .5 58. 38. 57. 78. 58. 55. 55. 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 12 12 _ 3 6 382 64 318 55 18 242 635 171 464 42 42 321 619 199 420 7 70 33 246 399 155 244 19 44 22 137 180 ■89' 91 25 31 1 31 86 34 52 23 15 5 9 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss C Nonmanufacturing .... F in an ce4 _ .... _ _ Typ ists, c la ss B . . Manufacturing __ _ _ ____ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 2 ____________________________________ W h olesale trade _____ Retail trade __ ________ F in an ce4 . 1 2 3 4 - 7T 27 ------- 25 19 2 3 1 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 24 24 15 8 1 5 1 4 4 _ - 23 23 23 _ _ 19 19 19 _ _ 3 3 3 _ _ l _ - _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows; 15 at $ 125 to $ 130; 2 at $ 130 to $ 135; 5 at $ 135 and over. Finance, insurance, and real estate. _ l l _ _ 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) Average Number Sex, occupation, and industry division of Weekly ^ (Standard) N UM BER OF W O RK ERS RE CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) 1$ $ 1$ s $ $ $ Is Is $ $ $ $ S S $ ! s Is Under 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00; 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.001130.00 135.00 140.001145.00 150.00 155.00 I6 0 .0 0 ll6 5 .0 0 and $ ! and under 65. 00 70. 00 7 5. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00*150.00 1 55.00 160 00 165.00, nvc.r ! Men D raftsm en , leader ________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------- 139 3 9 .5 “ ITS----- “ r r y - $ 139.00 138.00 . D raftsm en, senior ________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------- -------------------Public u tilities 2 ___________________ 818 620 198 92 40. 40 . 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 113.00 111.50 118.50 124.00 _ D raftsm en , junior ________________________ Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ------------------------------------- 612 479 133 34 39. 39. 40. 40. 5 5 0 0 88.50 31 8 8 .0 0 22 91.00 101.50 9 3 9 .5 39. 5 71 .00 70 .00 Tracers ______________________ — ------------------------- mifa rtnrinjr 89 85 . . - . . . _ _ - “ " - - 6 3 3 - 7 7 “ 39 38 1 - 37 35 2 6 6 - _ 35 26 9 23 18 5 66 117 57 9 102 77 71 15 6 - - 1 3 3 - 20 3 20 23 23 19 19 19 19 3 1 1 - - - - 3 3 1 2 2 8 8 15 4 4 13 4 “ 69 48 21 1 91 74 17 2 90 68 22 6 124 113 11 11 74 49 25 15 72 43 29 18 47 28 19 11 89 54 35 4 40 35 5 5 33 26 22 3 21 20 1 - _ - 5 9 13 29 23 21 21 12 3 - 4 3 2 6 - 3 - 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ . 4 6 ; 41 39 10 9 n 71 49 35 14 8 18 12 6 6 _ _ . - _ - - - - - _ . . 54 17 10 | W omen N u rses, industrial (registered) ________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------- ! 106 77 39. 5 39. 5 9 2 .50 93.00 1 2 4 13 20 8 13 34 31 12 8 10 8 7 3 2 2 2 3 1 Standard hours reflect the-workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Workers were distributed as follows: 1 at $45 to $50; 4 at $ 55 to $60; 15 at $60 to $65. NOTE: See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroads, I 9 ; 1 6 6 16 15 13 5 5 2 — lj:----- - - . _ . _ . - - _ - - ^ 2 3 -----3----- 1 2 1 14 11 1 — - — - i i i 10 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, MinneapolisHSt. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) N U M B E B O F W O R K E B S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F — Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly , earnings Under $ $ 2. 00 and under 2. 10 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $2.40 * 2 . 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 *2 .8 0 ■ 2.40 " 2. 50 " 2. 60 “ 2. 70 " 2.80 " 2. 90 $ 2. 90 _ 3. 00 $ 3. 00 “ 3. 10 $ 3. 10 *3. 20 ■ 3. 20 ■ 3. 30 $ 3. 30 $ 3.40 $3. 50 ■ 3.40 ■ 3. 50 ■ 3. 60 2. 20 2. 30 _ - 6 6 - _ - _ " 9 9 9 45 45 45 21 13 8 1 23 9 14 9 9 4 5 - 39 36 3 - 27 27 - 5 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 - 8 8 - - 3 3 - 2 1 1 1 16 i6 - 46 15 31 29 10 5 5 - 26 25 1 - 53 53 - 49 49 - 22 21 1 - 43 42 1 1 62 35 27 25 15 15 - 4 4 " - 78 82 73 53 - 31 28 3 3 19 2 17 11 21 21 20 69 48 11 3 25 10 15 63 28 35 13 117 54 63 63 34 29 - 28 24 4 2 36 24 12 - 7 7 - 2& T~ 136 45 2. 55 2. 6l 2.45 2. 50 23 9 14 - 14 13 1 - 20 16 4 - 35 23 12 - 35 19 16 10 55 29 26 19 18 4 14 5 52 37 15 8 58 32 26 - 22 17 5 - 11 8 3 3 _ - _ " Helpers, trades, maintenance ________________ Manufacturing _______________ ____________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 301 239 62 2.47 2.45 2. 57 1 1 - 8 8 23 22 1 19 15 4 34 29 5 57 51 6 101 91 10 38 6 32 2 2 5 5 - 4 4 9 9 " Machine-tool operators , toolroom ___________ Manufacturing ______________________________ 154 154 2. 61 2. 61 - - - - - 47 47 38 38 39 39 11 11 13 13 - Machinists, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing _________ ____________ ____ 487 473 3. 04 3. 05 - - - - ■ - 10 10 49 40 24 24 39 38 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) ________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------Public utilities 2 __________ ____________ 842 To5 736 668 2. 75 2. 78 2.75 2. 75 _ - _ - 57 57 57 3 2 1 1 23 19 4 4 8 5 3 3 17 1 16 2 196 37 159 143 Mechanics, maintenance _____________________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 600 428 172 2. 72 2. 67 2. 84 16 6 10 _ 2 2 26 24 2 22 22 - 19 l6 3 68 67 1 66 49 17 59 50 9 39 25 14 Millwri ght s __________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 187 187 2. 91 2.91 - " - - - - 3 3 1 1 21 21 Oilers _________________________ _______________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 120 114 2.46 2.44 . - 4 4 2 2 10 10 41 41 17 17 19 19 12 10 Painters, maintenance ________________________ Manufacturing ____________ __ ____________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilities 2 ________________________ 157 56 101 29 2. 99 2.89 3. 04 2. 74 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - 16 16 7 4 3 1 - Pipefitters, maintenance --------------------------------Manufacturing ______________________________ 172 158 3. 04 3. 02 _ - _ _ - _ - - _ Tool and die makers ----------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------- ---------------------- — 633 633 3. 15 3. 15 - - - - - - - Carpenters, maintenance _____________________ Manufacturing _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilities 2 ________________________ 242 110 132 68 $ 2. 84 2. 83 2. 85 2.48 Electricians, maintenance ___________________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilitie's 2 ________________________ 371 281 90 62 3. 3. 3. 3. 07 05 14 03 Engineers, stationary ------------------------------------Manufacturing ____________ ___ ______ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilitie s 2 ________________________ 528 317 211 52 2. 2. 2. 2. Firemen, stationary boiler ________ ________ Manufacturing ___________________ ________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilities 2 ________________________ 382 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Workers were distributed as follows: 15 at $ 3. 70 to $ 3. 80; 2 at $4 and over. NOTE: See note on p. 5, relative to the inclusion of railroads. - 4 4 . - $3. 60 and over - 44 4 40 - 3 3 - 5 5 - 7 1 6 6 4 4 - 1 1 - 35 35 - 27 10 3 17 _ - 5 5 “ 34 34 - _ - _ - _ _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 _ - 2 2 _ - _ " _ - 78 78 42 42 168 168 8 8 35 31 _ - _ - 34 • 34 493 24 469 438 27 27 20 _ - 13 13 - _ - 3 2 1 119 32 87 6 4 2 2 2 _ _ - _ _ - 2 2 - 129 107 22 3 3 - 64 59 59 16 16 3 3 20 20 _ “ _ - - 8 4 1 1 _ _ - 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ - - - " - - 12 3 9 6 21 10 11 7 20 19 1 - 1 1 3 3 48 _ - - - - - 5 1 4 " 2 2 7 3 4 4 36 36 46 11 11 4 4 20 20 112 112 ' 64 _ - 46 61 6l 25 16 9 9 - " 48 - 3 3 37 37 14 13 8 - 12 12 122 122 26 238 238 26 _ _ _ " - _ 23 23 24 24 _ 1 - 1 15 14 _ - 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) N UM BER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G ST R A IG H T-TIM E H OURLY EA RN IN G S OF— Occupation1 and industry division Number Average workers earnings 2 of hourly $ Under 1. 10 under 1. 20 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 1.30 ■ 1.40 ~ $ 1.40 $ 1. 50 " . 1. 60 $ 1. 60 ■ 1.70 $ 1. 70 20 20 25 25 ■ ■ 1 1 73 73 31 7 7 2 5 5 4 38 38 21 25 23 4 - - - - - 6 6 29 29 - - - - - - - 6 29 - 1.87 2. 02 1.72 2. 06 1.85 1.61 1.78 27 27 3 30 30 185 19 166 7 139 15 124 6 - - 18 - 9 " 103 11 92 6 10 12 - 66 20 113 1 101 22 79 2 20 14 18 637 148 489 67 79 238 1. 54 1.71 1.49 1.78 1. 29 1.47 19 18 7 11 37 6 31 - 11 - 27 2 294 1 293 25 16 225 67 1 66 - 57 31 26 6 9 2 Laborers, material handling ---------------------- ---Manufacturing ________________________________ ________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ Public utilities 3 ___________________________________ Wholesale trade -------------------------------------------------------Retail trade __________________________________________ 5.405 1,613 3, 792 2, 012 1, 102 650 2. 33 2. 21 2. 38 2.49 2. 44 1.99 57 8 49 30 30 41 30 11 Order fillers ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ Public utilities 3 __________________________ Wholesale trade __________________________ Retail trade ______________________________ 2, 528 461 2, 067 317 1, 219 531 2. 31 2. 17 2. 34 2.41 2.40 2. 16 Packers, shipping (men) _______________________ Manufacturing __ _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ Wholesale trade __________________________ Retail trade ______________________________ 865 364 501 420 81 2. 28 2. 12 2. 39 2.40 2. 33 Elevator operators, passenger (men) -------------Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ 77 77 $1. 54 1. 54 ■ - Elevator operators, passenger (women) ----------Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ Retail trade _______________________________ 162 160 63 1.47 1.46 1.39 l l l - Guards ------- — --------------------------- ------- — -----Manufacturing ------------------------------- --------Nonmanufacturing ------ ------------------------------- 516 359 157 2. 24 2. 28 2. 17 - Finance4 ________—________________________ 117 1. 98 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) ________ Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ Public utilities 3 ___________________________________ Wholesale trade ____________________ ______________ Retail trade ----------------------------------------------------------------Financ e 4 __________________________________ 2, 686 1, 286 1,400 236 88 455 332 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ----------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ Public utilities 3 -------------------------------------Retail trade ______________________________ Finance4 ---------------------------------------------------- 19 3 510 5 42 17 53 - - - 42 17 53 - - - - - - - 42 17 25 9 40 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - . - 3 - 3 - - - 6 4 19 19 7 7 $ ;$ 1$ 1.90 12. 00 2. 10 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 " j " i -2.Q0 J 2..L0 .2. .20 _ 1.2,J O . 2.40.J 2. 50... .. 2, 60. 2. 7.0._ .2.8.Q_ _Z.,90. .JLJLQ-. 3. 20 " I “ 1 1 3 3 1 1 - 4 i 4 " 5 5 “ 4 4 * ■ - - ■ “ " - - ■ - 30 12 18 18 11 - - - - 11 11 - 5 5 - 13 11 2 64 57 7 92 92 - 20 20 - 18 18 - 43 43 - 2 7 113 73 40 3 37 43 14 29 - 29 19 10 3 7 29 - - - - 76 21 55 1 2 11 35 175 56 119 10 5 31 61 445 68 377 14 9 132 168 395 334 61 7 11 17 14 397 305 92 46 2 30 8 249 164 85 66 10 2 4 116 94 22 9 10 93 52 41 33 5 134 105 29 26 3 17 17 . 1 - - - 1 7 7 41 35 6 14 10 4 25 25 - 31 23 8 8 22 1 21 21 - - - - - - - - 83 55 28 138 86 52 231 217 14 191 152 39 10 - - 41 24 17 - - - ■ - 347 211 136 43 60 33 426 247 179 106 18 55 1460 227 1233 735 435 63 690 146 544 261 226 57 385 86 299 72 119 108 891 9 882 785 96 1 179 96 83 16 57 ~13 552 94 458 5 413 40 458 30 428 65 335 28 682 39 35 4 337 47 290 255 35 111 25 86 72 14 13 9 4 4 - - - - - _ - 85 55 30 18 ' 57 72 46 15 79 42 37 18 12 7 . 11 11 . 6 5 1 43 40 3 46 34 12 12 72 66 6 67 66 1 - - 6 1 - - - 31 16 15 3 - - 88 70 16 r i'4-... 72 46 1 - - 73 16 57 - - “ - - - - - ! - - 29 12 - - - - - 1 1 14 - - - - 10 - - - 3 3 52 1 1 - - - - - - 3 28 . - - 1 172 . 149 20 112 17 63 43 20 20 - 682 175 283 224 i - 2 2 3 1 1 - - - - 17 5 . i See footnotes at end of table. • - - - - - " 11 - " ■ - - - ~ | 30 7 7 - $ 1. 80 ~ ■ _1. 80 . 1.S.0 - 1 173 6 167 - 139 28 19 — nr 5 - - 2 2 4 1 76 8 68 50 18 2 1 1 1 - 26 26 - 48 48 - - . - - - - - - - - - 35 35 - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - ' 1 - 2 4 . - - 2 2 4 4 - 2 — Z - 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., January 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccupation1 and industry division P ackers, shipping (women) Nonmanufacturing . _. Retail trade __ Receiving clerk s ... Manufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing W h olesale trade Retail trade Shipping clerk s _____ Manufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade ... ............ _ __ ....... . _ .. ......... .... _ . _ .... _ . _ ___ _____ ______ _____ _ __ ____ .. _ . Shipping and receiving clerk s _______ Manufacturing .... .......... . . Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ . W h olesale trade _ . T ru ck d rivers 6 _______ Manufacturing __ _ _ _____ ___ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 3 ________ ___ ______ W holesale trade Retail trade _ ______ 295 133 135 Average $ hourly , Under *1 .1 0 1. 20 earningsA and $ under 1. 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 $ 1 .6 7 1 .4 7 1 .4 5 * ' 13 13 13 _ - 500 253 237 97 113 2. 35 2. 37 2. 33 2 .4 6 2. 20 _ - - 370 196 174 133 2. 49 2 .4 7 2. 50 2 .4 7 . - . - 238 113 125 84 2. 2. 2. 2. 38 45 32 36 _ - _ - - - 3, 353 421 2, 932 1, 728 575 570 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 63 64 62 65 58 60 . _ 21 21 21 $ 1. 30 1 .4 0 30 23 23 28 28 28 $ 1. 60 Sl . 70 $ 1 .8 0 ■ ' _ 1 .6 0 _ _1., 70__ __L M ... 16 16 16 4 4 4 _ - _ - - - . ' . - . - " " 14 14 14 37 19 19 90 \ ~ - 2 2 2 - - - 3 3 3 “ _ - 2 2 “ " - _ - . - - - - . - _ - - 20 ' 20 20 - - ■ - 3 3 3 _ . _ . - . - - - - - - 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - 3 3 3 - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 453 176 1, 277 836 244 189 2 .6 2 2. 66 2 .6 2 2 .6 3 2 .5 9 2. 57 _ _ _ - - - T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) - _ Nonmanufacturing ______ _____ Public utilities 3 _______ _________ W h olesale trade _______________________ Retail trade ____________________________ 917 SST 566 107 200 2 .6 8 2. 68 2 .6 7 2. 77 2. 67 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 - 31 - 4 4 Tru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ____________________________ Manufacturing _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________ ________ Public utilities 3 _ _ ____ W h olesale trade ______ ___ _ Retail trade __________ “ 2, 20.. $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $2 .5 0 " ■ 2. 30 . 2. 4.0...1 2. 50 . 2 , 60 1 j ! i 4 ! - 1 1 1 2. 62 2. 72 2. 55 2 .4 0 2. 57 $ 2. 10 12 i _ 4 _ - ! 1 1 6 25 21 9 9 9 _ $ 2. 00 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 _ _2, .7 0_ 2. 80_ _ 2 , 90. 3, 00 $2. 70 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 3. 10 —3^.2Q_ - 3 3 - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 60 27 33 25 7 76 40 36 7 25 20 16 4 3 _ _ _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ - - - - _ _ 9 4 5 _ _ - “ - i 17 6 11 11 _ - $ 1 .9 0 " 1 .9 0 , _ 2 t.0_Q_ _2._ 10.. 1 1 1 • 348 135 213 37 125 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 0 _ - T ru ck d rivers, light (under 11/ 2 tons) Manufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing _____________ Public utilities 3 _______________________ Retail trade ____________________________ See footnotes at end of table. $ 1 .4 0 5 5 5 . 9 4 5 34 70 36 34 9 25 27 7 3 4 61 47 14 10 3 100 34 66 40 10 47 37 10 9 27 24 3 3 50 25 25 12 52 19 33 32 90 ------ 2 T 64 57 28 9 19 12 50 46 4 4 14 37 26 11 10 10 - 68 33 35 35 26 7 19 9 20 2 18 10 12 3 9 9 5 1 4 3 8 8 - 163 4 159 9 150 - 200 32 168 108 17 4 418 94 324 4 148 169 1869 1519 42 292 329 r 324 42 200 82 36 19 17 2 1 17 2 15 _ - 136 23 113 20 90 121 9 112 106 3 3 281 42 239 4 130 105 4 - 19 11 3 15 2 13 3 _ 9 59 25 34 24 10 48 25 23 5 18 14 14 4 10 18 13 5 5 - _ _ - 13 13 3 9 4 4 4 - 2 2 - 29 9 20 20 - 13 4 9 9 - - - 20 2 18 18 ~ - - - - - - - - - - 145 _ - - - - - 8 1 3 _ 3 3 14 ----- T 4 ~ _ 120 109 11 11 _ 10 lo _ _ 6 -------5“ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 33 33 _ 15 77 77 _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 800 54 746 654 27 57 127 127 41 66 20 34 32 2 2 _ 10 16 _ _ _ _ - - - 745 728 565 10 142 142 1 94 47 _ _ _ 6 _ _ 1 1964 ~ ~ W ~ — - 5 5 _ 14 n . _ 1 1 12 "1 2 " _ _ _ - _ _ 13 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Minneapolis—St, Paul, Minn. , January 1961) NU M B ER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G S T R A IG H T-TIM E H OURLY EA RN IN G S OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers $ Average $ hourly , Under 1. 10 1. 20 earnings and $ under 1. 10 1. 20 1 .3 0 $ 1. 30 1 .4 0 $ $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ _L 50 . l, 60 _1_,70_ ._1,._8.0l . 1, 90 ._2,.QjQ_ ..2,.10.. 2 ,2 0 . .2 , 30.. . 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 ,6 0 2 .7 0 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 2. 10 $ 2. 20 2. 60 $ 2. 70 2 .8 0 % 2. 80 $ 2. 90 _2^9Q. 3. 00 $ $ 3. 10 3. 20 3. 00 3. 10 Truckdrivers: 6— Continued Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) ------------ ------------Manufacturing ________________ ________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 159 67 92 $ 2. 54 Truckers, power (forklift) ___________________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________ ________ Public utilities 3 --------------------- ------------Wholesale trade --------------------- ------------Retail trade _____________________________ 859 458 401 196 82 123 2 .4 2 2. 31 2. 56 2. 56 2. 54 2. 56 _ - Truckers, power (other than forklift) ________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________ ________ Public utilities 3 ________________________ 352 200 152 144 2. 2. 2. 2. . - Watchmen ______________________________________ Manufacturing ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ ________ __ Public utilities 3 ________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 228 57 171 55 16 2 .4 2 2. 62 1. 1. 1. 2. 37 38 35 35 84 95 80 22 16 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 7 7 26 26 2 “ - . - - 46 6 6 60 61 61 184 24 160 6 ■ - 18 8 38 57 20 52 30 17 13 13 175 56 119 119 15 15 67 59 8 _ ” 88 - " ■ ■ " . - . . - . - _ - _ - 6 6 3 3 13 13 30 18 12 12 - 22 10 17 4 13 8 6 - 6 - 8 4 1 3 3 3 50 8 42 2 26 13 13 8 11 10 1 226 71 155 - 10 2 - 101 29 72 " - 25 3 22 9 2 68 65 3 " 22 97 38 59 89 83 6 " - - 50 46 4 4 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. All workers were at $ 1 to $ 1. 10. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroads. 6 6 10 10 20 10 10 8 14 6 8 29 6 23 22 1 ■ 3 3 12 - 12 11 - “ _ - 4 4 4 - - “ 8 8 - 12 12 - 2 2 - - - - - 2 2 - 1 ■ ' " 13 13 _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - - ~ _ -- 9 ' ' _ - _ - _ “ B : Establishment Practices and Supplementary W age Provisions 14 Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) Percent of manufacturing plant workers— Shift differential In establishm ents having form al provisions 1 for— Second shift work With shift pay differential ______________________ Uniform cents (per hour) ____________________ 4 rfint.s 5 cents _____________________________________ 6 r.p.ntfi 7 ce n ts ______________________________________ 8 cents _____________________________________ 10 cents ___________________________________ 11 cents ___________________________________ 12 cents ___________________________________ I 2 V 2 cents ---------------------------- -------------------13 cents ___ ~ ------- -----------------------------14 r e n t s Third or other shift work Second shift Third or other shift 89. 2 8 0 .7 13. 6 2. 5 87. 2 80. 7 13. 5 2. 5 6 7 .0 61. 2 10. 1 2. 3 .7 1 1 .8 1 .8 2 .7 2 .9 2 4 .7 .7 8 .7 .5 5. 1 - _ _ 4. 2 1 .7 .1 .4 .3 2 .9 .2 1 .0 . 1 1 .4 - 1. 2 11. 7 1. 0 15. 6 . 5 - 15 cents ----- ------------- -----------------------------Over 15 and under 20 cents _____________ 20 cents ________________ __ ____________ Over 20 cents --------------------------------------------- .8 6. 2 .6 2 .7 13. 7 1 .9 3 .7 5. 1 Uniform percentage __________________________ 1 9 .4 18. 6 5 percent _______________________________ __ 6 percent ___________________ ___________ percent ___ ________________________ 8 percent ________________________________ _ 10 percent _______________________________ 1 21/2 percent _____________________________ 13 percent -------------------------------------------------- 2 .0 .8 1 1 .8 .9 4. 0 - Other shift pay differential -------------------------- .8 No shift pay differential ------------------------------------- 1 .9 1X U Actually working on— - " 1 Includes establishm ents currently operating late shifts, even though they were not currently operating late shifts. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 percent. .9 2 .4 1 1 .4 4. 0 .8 - _ .1 - .8 .4 (2) - . 1 .2 .2 .4 .3 .1 1 .7 3 .3 .1 (2) 1 .8 .2 1. 1 - .2 - (2) .2 " - .1 - .2 and establishm ents with form al provisions covering late shifts 15 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Minneapolis—St. Paul, M inn., January 1961) Inexperienced typists Manufa ctu ri ng Minimum weekly sa la ry 1 All industries Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours •5 of— All schedules 40 All schedules 37l /» 383/ . All schedules 40 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 21 of— All schedules 40 37»/i 383/ 4 40 Establishments studied 255 94 XXX 161 XXX XXX XXX 255 94 XXX 161 XXX XXX XXX Establishments having a specified minimum 141 52 44 89 13 7 65 144 48 41 96 12 7 74 4 16 27 19 31 11 5 12 1 4 2 3 1 1 4 _ 2 6 8 14 6 5 6 2 _ 1 1 1 _ 2 4 6 12 6 5 5 2 1 1 4 14 21 11 17 5 6 1 2 2 2 1 3 _ 2 5 2 3 1 - _ 3 2 1 1 - 10 20 24 6 16 4 4 3 1 1 3 2 2 2 8 _ 2 - - 10 23 36 12 25 9 4 7 4 3 1 4 3 3 _ 2 9 5 8 5 4 3 1 2 1 1 _ 4 2 1 _ _ - - 4 9 13 6 12 5 5 1 2 2 2 1 3 _ 3 12 6 9 5 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 - - 8 15 14 4 13 4 4 3 1 1 3 2 2 Establishments having no specified minimum 56 23 XXX 33 XXX XXX XXX 61 24 XXX 37 XXX XXX XXX Establishments which did not employ workers in this category ------------------------------------------------ — 58 19 XXX 39 XXX XXX XXX 50 22 XXX 28 XXX XXX XXX $ 40. 00 and under $ 42. 50 ------------------------$ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 45. 00 ---------------------------$ 45. 00 and under $ 47. 50 ---------------------------$ 47. 50 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 ---------------------------$ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 ---------------------------$ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 ---------------------------$ 55. 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ---------------------------$ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 ---------------------------$ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 ---------------------------$ 62. 50 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 ---------------------------$ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 ---------------------------$ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 ---------------------------$ 70. 00 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 ---------------------------$ 7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 ---------------------------Over $ 75. 00 --------------------------------------------------- ________________ ... ........ ________________ . ________________ . ________________ ....... _ ... ________________ — 1 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essen gers, office girls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the most common workweeks reported. NOTE; See note on p. 16, relative to the inclusion of railroads. 16 Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Minneapolis—St. Paul, M inn., January 1961) O F F IC E W O R K E R S Weekly hours A ll workers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 hours ________________________________________________________ Over 35 and under 37 V 2 hours -----------------------------------37^/2 hours _________ ____ ______ ___ __ __ ____ __ ___ Over 3 7 V2 and under 383/4 hours ---------------- --------383/4 hours ------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------Over 383/4 and under 40 hours _______________________ 40 hours __________________________________________ Over 40 and under 44 hours -----------------------------44 hours __________________________________________ 45 hours and over _______________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 All . industries M anufacturing Public , utilities 2 Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 (5) 1 11 - 1 6 - - - 4 8 75 - - - - 100 93 1 2 17 (5) 8 3 69 (S) <f> (S) <!> (*) (S) PLAN T WORKERS Retail trade 100 - 4 1 4 2 88 Finance 3 Services All 4 industries M anufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 - 100 100 100 4 4 40 4 7 - - - 4 5 - - - - - - - _ (5) - - - - - -■ 1 97 1 5 _ 23 - 29 - - - - - - - - - 0 (5) 89 1 1 2 84 1 1 2 99 1 95 - Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Estim ates for all industries and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor market wage surveys made before July 1959. Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. Services 17 Table B~4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Minneapolis—St. Paul, M inn., January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w o r k e r s _________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g paid h olid ays --------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g no paid h olid ays --------------------------------------------------- PLANT WORKERS All , industries1 Manufacturing Public , utilities2 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 99 100 100 ( 5) “ ( 5) “ 40 5 6 39 12 6 ( 5) 21 3 4 1 11 4 2 2 1 ( 5) 12 10 5 11 3 - 18 1 65 - 35 2 7 18 3 13 20 - AH . industries* Manufacturing Public utilities i Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 98 100 100 “ 1 " 2 “ 29 28 - 39 2 7 26 2 3 17 1 3 Services Services N um ber o f d a y s 3 h olid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------6 h olid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------6 h olid ays p lu s 1 h a lf day ------------------------------------6 h olid ays p lus 2 h a lf d ays ---------------------------------6 h olid ays p lu s 3 h a lf days ---------------------------------7 h olid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------7 h olid ays plus 1 h a lf day ------------------------------------7 h olid ays p lus 2 h a lf d ays ---------------------------------7 h olid ays p lus 5 h a lf d ays ---------------------------------8 h olid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------8 h olid ays p lu s 1 h a lf day ------------------------------------8 h olid ays p lus 2 h a lf d ays ---------------------------------9 h olid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------9 h olid ays p lu s 2 h a lf d ays ---------------------------------10 h olid ays ----------------------------------------------------------------10 h olid ays p lus 4 h a lf d ays --------------------------------- T o ta l h o l i d a y 1 16 - ~ - - “ “ 40 3 8 14 2 8 10 7 5 3 34 37 63 65 100 100 3 3 4 4 20 22 100 100 3 15 15 25 25 35 35 57 60 100 100 ( 5) 42 8 12 26 1 1 8 (5) - 11 23 24 1 ( 5) 11 - (5) 60 10 - 2 73 9 15 - 1 (5) - - - 1 2 - “ ~ “ “ 2 2 2 2 13 14 61 71 100 100 10 10 70 70 98 98 3 4 24 26 59 61 100 100 1 1 16 25 98 100 ( 5) - - - tim e 6 12 d ays ----------------------------------------------------------------------10 or m o r e d ays -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 or m o r e d ays -------------------------------------------------------8 V 2 o r m o r e d ays --------------------------------------------------8 o r m o r e d ays ------------------------------------------------------7 V 2 o r m o r e d ays --------------------------------------------------7 or m o r e d ays -------------------------------------------------------6 V 2 o r m o r e d ays --------------------------------------------------6 o r m o r e days -------------------------------------------------------3 or m o r e d ays -------------------------------------------------------- 9 V 2 o r m o r e d ays - - 78 3 1 14 1 3 - 1 5 5 9 9 24 28 55 60 99 99 1 1 5 5 21 31 49 61 100 100 16 16 81 81 99 99 1 1 1 1 10 11 49 57 99 99 1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 6 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. NOTE: See note on p. 16, relative to the inclusion of railroads. 18 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provision s, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy A ll workers _____________________________________ All ! industries PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 (5) - 100 99 1 - 99 99 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 93 7 - 100 87 13 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - (5) " (5) - _ “ (5) " - - 6 43 9 1 4 42 22 - 1 5 2 " _ 27 3 - 24 10 7 82 5 2 28 9 (s) (5) 32 8 _ 13 22 3 - 46 11 _ " 3 6 _ 2 31 (5) 68 (5) (5) 19 (5) 80 1 79 28 71 1 - 79 4 96 77 4 17 (S) 1 81 8 10 1 82 16 _ 2 59 _ 40 1 70 _ 30 _ 7 5 87 1 (5) 6 1 93 1 8 32 59 - 13 18 - - 47 7 43 2 1 59 12 25 3 1 40 6 52 2 27 1 71 1 - (*) (5) 98 1 1 (5) 1 1 96 _ 100 6 5 83 3 1 1 11 9 72 5 2 1 5 1 92 _ 4 95 1 _ _ 100 _ - - (*) (5) 89 5 (*) (5) 80 9 10 1 (!) (5) 81 10 1 1 68 20 10 1 _ _ 100 Services All 4 industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade M e th o d o f p a y m e n t Workers in establishments providing paid vacations -------------------------------------------------Length-of-tim e payment ___________________ Percentage payment ------------------------------------F lat-su m payment __________________________ Other --------------------------------------------------------------Workers in establishments providing no paid vacations -------------------------------------------Am ount o f v a c a tio n p a y 6 After 6 months of service Under 1 week ___________________________________ 1 week ___________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ________________ ___ 2 weeks __________________________________________ - 3 - After 1 year of service 1 week ___________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _____________________ 2 weeks ________________________________ _______ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____________________ - 21 - - 21 " - - - After 2 years of service 1 week ___________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _____________________ 2 weeks ______________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------- - 86 1 - 82 - _ 99 1 - 2 98 _ 100 - 20 _ 80 _ - After 3 years of service 1 week ________________________________ _________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks --------------------------------2 weeks __________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________________ 3 weeks ----- --------------------------------------------- --------Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____________________ - - 2 1 - _ 100 - - - - _ 95 - _ - 2 _ After 5 years of service 1 weelr Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------- ---------2 weeks ____________________ ___________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------ ----------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------- — Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table 5 (5) 100 - 93 1 6 5 - 93 7 - 7 _ 98 - 2 98 1 1 90 10 19 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Minneapolis—St. Paul, M inn., January 1961) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy PLANT WORKERS All industries1 Manufacturing Public , utilities2 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 44 4 51 71 29 - 34 4 63 - 51 49 - 50 10 40 - (5) 27 2 69 1 1 - - - - 5 (5) 92 2 1 5 93 1 1 6 93 1 11 1 89 - 10 90 - - - 92 7 - 5 (5) 70 (5) 25 5 49 1 44 6 _ 85 9 11 1 60 29 10 79 11 83 17 5 (5) 41 2 48 3 5 43 51 1 6 _ 50 44 11 1 36 _ 46 7 10 21 69 Services All . industries Manufacturing Public > utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 47 6 44 1 2 36 12 48 1 3 72 26 2 - 39 4 58 _ 48 _ 52 _ - - 8 2 85 2 2 7 3 84 3 3 6 87 2 5 1 1 98 _ 12 88 _ - - 8 2 67 1 22 6 3 62 2 28 6 64 2 28 1 1 67 30 12 _ 79 8 8 2 48 1 42 6 3 52 (5) 39 6 32 2 60 1 1 50 _ 48 12 _ 41 _ 46 Amount off vacation p a y 6 — Continued After 10 years of service 2 weeks __________________________________________ -----------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks -------------------------------4 weeks __________________________________________ (!) After 15 years of service 2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks -----------------------------3 weeks ------------------ ----------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks -------------------------------4 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- (5) AJter 20 years of service 2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks -----------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------4 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- (5) After 25 years of service 2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks -----------------------------3 weeks ----------------------------- -----------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------4 weeks ______ _______ _____________________ ______ Over 4 weeks ------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 6 service (5) 40 6 46 7 Includes data fo r services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes data fo r real estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Periods of s erv ice w ere arbitrarily chosen and do not n ecessarily reflect the individual provisions fo r p rog ression s. include changes in provisions occu rrin g between 5 and 10 yea rs. F or example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y ea rs' NOTE: See note on p. 16, relative to the inclusion o f railroads. In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of s ervice, payments other than "length of tim e" such as of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent tim e basis; fo r example, a payment of 2 percent o f annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. percentage 20 Table B-6. Health, Insurance and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn. , January 1961) O F F IC E W O R K E R S Type of benefit All , industries PL AN T WORKERS M anufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade F inan ce3 100 100 100 100 Services All 4 industries M anufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 — 100 100 Life insurance ________________________________ Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ___________________________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 5 ________________________ 88 96 58 90 89 96 86 91 66 96 82 40 34 33 47 44 49 43 34 43 69 47 A ll workers __________________________________ Services W orkers in establishments providing: 72 82 93 64 90 54 88 94 67 87 89 Sickness and accident insurance ---------------Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) -------- ------------------ --------Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) __________________ — ----- 34 56 11 39 60 11 72 88 21 64 66 47 44 86 32 31 44 15 12 21 35 18 2 (6) 2 5 12 " 11 10 27 6 6 Hospitalization insurance ___________________ Surgical insurance __________________________ Medical insurance ___________________________ Catastrophe insurance ---------------------------------Retirement pension ______________ _________ No health, insurance, or pension plan ------ 85 83 75 54 78 2 93 91 78 35 79 1 72 72 68 70 53 ( 6) 90 89 85 41 75 5 77 70 3.6 63 68 5 86 86 86 73 99 87 86 71 21 64 2 96 95 77 10 71 2 70 70 66 54 68 2 100 98 92 17 59 73 72 52 31 59 2 1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those the minimum number of days* pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 6 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: See note on p. 16 , relative to the inclusion of railroads. which definitely establish at least 21 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a yariety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B ille r , m achine (h illin g m achine ) — U ses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrahd, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. C lass A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C lass B — Keeps a record o f one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la ss B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple co st accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la ss A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. C la ss B ~ Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow in g: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 23 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep file s in or der, keep simple records, etc. D oes not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D oes not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the major part o f this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR - C lass A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o es not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C lass B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. C lass C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 24 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerica l work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C lass A — Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. C lass B — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow in g: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their vork; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates dv ing emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. . NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the follow ing: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p encil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting^ to o ls • May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 25 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ead or c h i e f en g in e e r s in esta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g more than o n e en g in eer are e x c lu d e d . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 26 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machiue shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary d u ties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily en g a g ed in in sta llin g and repairing building sa n ita tion or h eating s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d . 27 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker* fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In clu d es g a te men who are sta tio n ed at g a te and c h eck on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and oth er person s en terin g. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 28 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truekdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (com bin ation o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a te ly ) Truckdriver, ligh t (under lV2 to n s ) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons , trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons , other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 0 —589414 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D .C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285* Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, G a.— Bull. 1285* Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285-34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285' Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285❖ * Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 ❖ ❖ Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285* Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Chattanooga, T en n .—G a .— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— B ull. 1285- Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285* * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285-38 ❖ ❖ Dallas, T ex .— Bull. 1285-21 ❖ ❖ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-41 * Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285-43 Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 ❖ ❖ Fort Worth, T ex .— Buil. 1285-23 ❖ Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex.— Bull. 1285❖ Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285-42 ❖ ❖ Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1285-30 ❖ Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock-North Little Rock, A rk .— Bull. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, C a lif.— Bull. 1285Lou isville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, T ex.— Bull. 1285❖ Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 ❖ Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285-39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285-48 New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, V a.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma City, Okla.-—Bull. 1285-3 *❖ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—P assaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Philadelphia, P a.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- P ittsb u rg h , P a .— B u ll. 12 8 5 -4 4 ❖ P o rtla n d , M aine— B u ll. 1285-19 P ortla n d , O r e g .—W a sh .— B u ll. 1 2 85P r o v id e n c e —P a w tu c k e t, R . I. —M a s s .— B u ll. 1285* * R a le ig h , N .C .— B u ll, 1 2 8 5 -5 ❖ R ich m on d , V a .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -2 6 R o c k fo r d , 111.— B u ll. 12 85* * S t . L o u is , M o . - I l l . — B u ll. 1285*10 ❖ ❖ S a lt L a k e C ity , U tah— B u ll. 1285-3 2 San A n to n io , T e x .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 *S a n B ern a rd in o—R iv e r s id e —O n tario, C a l i f .— B u ll. 12 8 5 -4 San F r a n c is c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . — B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -3 6 S avan nah , G a .— B u ll. 12 85* * S c r a n t o n , P a .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -8 * * S e a t t l e , W ash .— B u ll. 12 8 5 -7 * * * S i o u x F a lls , S. D a k .— B u ll. 1285-17 South B en d , In d .— B u ll. 1 2 85S p ok a n e, W ash.— B u ll. 1 2 85T o le d o , O h io — B u ll. 12 85* * T ren ton , N .J .— B u ll. 1285-25 ❖ ❖ W ash in g ton , D . C . - M d . - V a . — B u ll. 1 2 85-2 2 W aterbury, C o n n .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 ❖ W aterloo, Iow a — B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -2 0 * * W ich ita, K a n s .— B u ll. 12 85-9 ❖ ❖ W ilm ington, D e l . - N . J . — B u ll. 12 8 5 -1 2 W orcester, M a s s .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 Y o rk , P a .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -4 5 An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * Price, 20 cents. ❖ ❖ Price, 25 cents. ❖ ❖ ❖ Price, 15 cents.
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