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Occupational Wage Survey CANTON, OHIO D ECEM BER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-29 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J . Goldberg, Secretary BU R EA U O F LA BO R STATISTICS Ew a n C la g u e , Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey CANTON, OHIO D ECEM BER 1 9 6 0 B u lle t in N o . 1 2 8 5 - 2 9 February 1961 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary B U R EA U O F LA B O R STATISTICS E w a n C la g u e , Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents Page The B u reau of L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a r e a w id e w age s u r v e y s in a n u m b er of im p orta n t in d u str ia l c e n t e r s . The stu d ie s , m a d e fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a ch a r e a , u s u a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ic a g o , 111. , b y W ood row C . Lin n , u n der the d ir e c tio n o f G e o rg e E . V ota v a , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r fo r W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . In trod u ction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s --------------------------------------- 1 3 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ---------------P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e in stan d ard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 O ccu p a tion a l e a r n in g s :* A - 1. A -2 . A - 3. A - 4. A p p en d ix : O ffice o c cu p a tio n s -----------------------------------------------P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ----------M ain ten an ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a t io n s --------C u sto d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o ccu p a tio n s O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s ------------------------------ ----------------------- * N O T E : S im ila r tabu lation s a r e a v a ila b le in the C anton r e p o r t f o r D e c e m b e r 1959, w h ich a ls o in clu d es data on e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i s io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s f o r oth er m a jo r a r e a s is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. O Ui rfx The C o m m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m 9 Occupational W age Survey—Canton, Ohio Introduction This a rea is one of se v e ra l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U. S. Departm ent of L a b o r 's B ureau of L abor Statistics conducts su rveys o f occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area b a s is . The bulletin p resen ts cu rren t occupational em ploym ent and earnings inform ation obtained la rg e ly b y m a il fr o m the establishm ents v isited by Bureau fie ld econ om ists in the la st p rev iou s survey fo r o c c u pations rep orted in that e a r lie r study. P e rso n a l v is its w ere made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes sin ce the p rev iou s survey. In each area, data a re obtained fr o m rep resen ta tive esta b lish m ents within six b road industry d iv isio n s: Manufacturing; tra n sp o r tation, 1 com m unication, and other pu blic u tilities; w h olesale trade; r e tail trade; finance, insurance, and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups excluded fr o m these studies a re governm ent operations and the con stru ction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm ents having few er than a p r e s c r ib e d number of w o rk e rs a re om itted a lso beca u se they fu rn ish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clusion. W herever p o ssib le , separate tabulations a re p rovided fo r each of the b roa d industry d iv ision s. These su rveys a re conducted on a sam ple b a sis b eca u se of the u nn ecessary c o s t involved in surveying a ll establishm ents. T o obtain ap propriate a ccu ra cy at m inim um co st, a g rea ter p ro p o rtio n of la rg e than of sm all establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, how ev er, all establishm ents a re given their appropriate weight. E stim ates based on the establishm ents studied a re p resen ted, th e re fo re , as r e lating to all establishm ents in the industry grouping and area , e x cept fo r those below the m inim um s iz e studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations se le cte d fo r study a r e com m on to a va riety o f manufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sification is based on a u niform set o f jo b d e scrip tio n s designed to 1 R ailroa d s, fo r m e r ly excluded fr o m the scop e o f these studies, w ere included in a ll o f the a rea s studied sin ce July 1959, excep t B altim ore, B uffalo, Cleveland, and Seattle. R a ilroa d s a re now in cluded in the scop e o f a ll la b o r-m a rk e t wage su rveys. take account of inter establishm ent variation in duties within the same jo b . (See appendix fo r listing of these d e s c r ip t io n s .) E arnings data atre p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the follow in g types o f o ccu p a tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fe s s io n a l and tech n ical; (c) m ainte nance and pow erplant; and (d) cu stod ial and m a teria l m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data a re shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs, i. e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational cla ss ifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. N onproduction bon uses a re excluded a lso, but c o s t - o f living bon uses and incentive earnings a re included. W here w eekly hours a re rep orted , as fo r o ffice c le r ic a l occu pation s, r e fe re n ce is to the w ork sch edules (rounded to the n ea rest h alf hour) fo r which stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s a re paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d olla r. A verag e earnings of m en and w om en a re p resen ted separately fo r se le cte d occupations in which both sex es a re com m on ly em ployed. D iffe re n ce s in pay le v e ls of m en and wom en in these occu pation s are la rg e ly due to (1) d iffe re n ce s in the d istribu tion of the sex es among indu stries and establish m en ts; (2) d iffe re n ce s in s p e cific duties p e r fo rm ed , although the occu pation s a re ap p rop riately c la s s ifie d within the sam e su rvey jo b d escrip tion ; and (3) d iffe re n ce s in length of s e r v ic e or m e rit rev iew when individual sa la rie s a re adjusted on this b a sis. L onger average s e r v ic e of m en would resu lt in higher avera g e pay when both se x e s a re em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d e scrip tio n s used in cla ss ify in g em p loyees in these su rveys a re usu ally m o r e g en era lized than those used in individual establishm ents to allow fo r m inor d iffe re n ce s am ong establish m en ts in s p e cific duties p e rfo rm e d . O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all establishm ents within the scop e o f the study and not the num ber actu ally su rveyed. B ecause o f d iffe re n ce s in occu pation al stru ctu re among establish m en ts, the estim ates of occupational em ploym ent obtained fr o m the sam ple of establishm ents studied se rv e only to in dicate the re la tiv e im portan ce o f the jo b s studied. T hese d iffe re n ce s in o c c u pational stru ctu re do not m a teria lly a ffe ct the a ccu ra cy o f the earn ings data. 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scone of survey and number studied in Canton, Ohio, Number of establishments Industry division A ll divisions * ____ ' — — — Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _____ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 4 — ----- ----__ Wholesale tra d e5 _ Retail trade 5 _ _ _ Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 Services 6 5> Within scope of study * Studied by m ajor industry division, 2 December I960 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied 184 80 61, 100 45, 650 103 81 44 36 47, 500 13, 600 36, 990 8, 660 13 15 38 8 7 10 4 14 4 4 4, 1, 5, 1, 800 600 400 200 600 4, 730 520 2, 300 680 430 1 The Canton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Stark County). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table pro vide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broad casting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. y Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation (50 employees). A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair services, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 5 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 6 Hotels; personal services; business service s; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Canton, Ohio, December 1959 to December I960 Occupational group Office clerical (women) Industrial nurses (women) Skilled maintenance (men) Unskilled plant (men) A ll industries 1. 2. 3. 3. 7 7 3 4 Manufa c tur ing 1. 2. 3. 3. 7 7 4 3 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 a re indexes o f sa la rie s of o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rses, and o f average earnings o f selected plant w ork er grou ps. In a re a s which w e re not su rveyed during the fis c a l 1953 b a se y ea r (July 1952 to June 1953) this table is lim ited to p ercen ts of change betw een se le cte d p e rio d s. F or o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rses, the indexes relate to average w eekly s a la rie s fo r n orm a l h ours o f w ork, that is, the standard w ork schedule fo r w hich stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s a re paid. F or plant w ork er groups, they m ea su re changes in stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eek ends, h olidays, and late shifts. The indexes a re b a sed on data fo r selected key occupations and include m o st of the n u m erica lly im portant jo b s within each group. The o ffic e c le r ic a l data a re based on wom en in the follow in g 18 jo b s : B ille r s , m achine (billin g m ach in e); bookkeepingm achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A and B; C om ptom eter o p e ra to rs; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o rd e r; c le r k s , p a y ro ll; keypunch o p e ra to rs; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; sten ograph ers, gen eral; sw itchboard o p e ra to r s ; sw itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ; tabulating-m achine o p e ra to r s ; tra n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs , gen eral; and typists, c la ss A and B. The in du strial nurse data a re b a sed on w om en industrial n u rses. Men in the follow in g 10 s k ille d m aintenance jo b s and 3 unskilled jo b s w ere included in the plant w ork er data: Skilled-— ca rp en ters; e le ctricia n s ; m a ch in ists; m ech a n ics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; m ill w righ ts; p a in ters; p ip e fitte rs; sh eet-m eta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die m a k ers; unskilled— ja n ito rs, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs; la b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling; and watchm en. A vera g e w eekly s a la rie s or a verage hourly earnings w ere com puted fo r each o f the selected occu pation s. The a verage sa la rie s o r hourly earnings w e re then m ultiplied by the a vera ge o f 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the jo b . T hese w eighted earnings fo r individual occupations w e re then totaled to obtain an aggregate fo r each o ccu p a tional group. F inally, the ra tio o f these jgroup aggrega tes fo r a givan year to the aggregate fo r the b a se p e r io d (su rv ey month, w inter 1952—53) was com puted *and the re su lt m ultiplied by the b a se y ea r index (100) to get the index fo r the given y e a r. S im ilar p ro ce d u res w ere follow ed in com piling “ p ercen ts of change" in ar£as not surveyed during 1953. Adjustm ents have been made w h e re n e ce ssa ry to maintain com p arability so that the y e a r -to -y e a r com p a rison s a re based on the sam e industry and occupational co v era g e. F or exam ple, ra ilroa d s have been included in the cov era g e of the su rveys only sin ce July 1959. In com puting the indexes fo r the fir s t y ea r in which ra ilroa d s w ere included, data relating to ra ilroa d s w ere excluded. Indexes fo r su b se quent y e a rs include data fo r ra ilroa d s. The indexes m easu re, p rin cip ally, the effects of (1) general sa la ry and wage changes; (2) m e rit or other in cre a se s in pay re ceiv ed by individual w o rk e rs w hile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) changes in the labor fo r c e such as la bor turnover, fo r c e expansions, fo r c e re d u c tions, and changes in the p rop ortion o f w ork ers em ployed by estab lishm ents with d ifferen t pay le v e ls . Changes in the labor fo r c e can cau se in cre a se s or d e cre a s e s in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. F o r exam ple, a fo r c e expansion m ight in crea se the p rop ortion of low er paid w ork ers in a s p e cific occupation and r e sult in a d rop in the average, w hereas a reduction in the p rop ortion of low er paid w o rk e rs would have the opposite effect. The m ovem ent of a high-paying establishm ent out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates o ccu rre d in other a rea establishm ents. The use o f constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the effects of changes in the p ro p ortion o f w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. Nor a re the indexes influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem iu m pay fo r overtim e, sin ce they a re based on pay fo r straigh t-tim e hours. Indexes fo r the p e rio d 1953 to I960 fo r w ork ers in 20 m a jor labor m arkets w ill appear in BLS B ull. 1265-62, W ages and Related B enefits, 60 L abor M arkets, W inter 1959—60. A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-1. O ffice Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er I960) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Num ber of workers 1 W eekly, hours (Standard) W eekly j earnings1 (Standard) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 $110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140. 00 and and 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Men Clerks, accounting, class A ____________ Manufacturing___ __________________ 85 68 40. 5 40. 0 $ 117. 50 120. 50 Clerks, accounting, class B ____________ Manufacturing________________________ 51 49 40. 0 40. 0 Clerks, order ___________________________ 40 Clerks, pa yroll__________________________ Manufacturing________________________ _ _ - . . _ - - - * - - 4 - 2 2 _ 112. 50 113.50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * - - - - - - - - 1 1 41. 0 105. 00 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 3 50 50 40. 5 40. 5 108. 00 108. 00 - - - - - - - - 4 4 Office boys -------------------------------------------- 25 40. 0 69. 00 . _ 2 3 5 _ 2 3 Tabulating-machine operators, class B --- ----------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________ 49 46 40. 5 40. 5 98. 00 99. 50 - - - _ _ 1 1 - Billers, machine (billing machine) ____ Manufacturing________________________ 41 27 40. 0 40. 0 64. 00 68. 50 _ _ 5 - 10 4 _ - - 9 9 8 5 Bookeeping-machine operators, class B _________________________________ Manufacturing------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------- ---------- 154 40 114 40. 0 40. 0 40. 5 50. 00 6 2 . ocT 45. 50 3 3 49 49 54 8 46 13 1 12 13 13 - 5 3 2 Clerks, accounting, class A ____ _____ Manufacturing________________________ 60 47 40. 0 40. 0 79. 50 77. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - Clerks, accounting, class B ____________ Manufacturing________________________ 133 114 40. 0 40. 0 77. 00 80. 00 _ 7 7 7 7 6 4 Clerks, file, class B ___________________ Manufacturing----------------------------- ------- 63 44 39. 5 40. 0 58. 00 61.00 _ 2 2 12 3 Clerks, p ayroll------------- ------------- --- _ Manufacturing________________________ Nonmanufacturing------------------------------- 117 90 27 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 76. 50 80. 50 63. 00 _ - Comptometer operators____ _ ________ Manufacturing________________________ 87 75 40. 0 40. 0 66. 50 69. 50 _ Keypunch operators _____________________ Manufacturing------------------------ --------- 151 136 40. 0 40. 0 72. 50 73. 50 _ Secretaries ---------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________ Nonmanufacturing_______________ ___ 309 202 107 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 85. 00 90. 00 75. 50 Stenographers, general _________________ Manufacturing------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing____________________ 349 223 126 40. 0 40. 0 40. 5 71. 00 71.00 71.00 Switchboard operators ------------- -----------Manufacturing------------ ---------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------------- 57 26 31 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 69. 00 80. 50 59. 50 4 4 _ - 1 1 5 5 5 5 1 - 8 2 6 4 14 10 4 4 15 15 9 9 7 7 _ _ - - 3 1 5 5 9 9 14 14 13 13 4 4 1 1 1 1 - - _ 8 _ 4 2 5 1 6 5 1 - - - - 12 12 13 13 10 10 6 6 3 3 2 2 - - - 1 3 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . 2 2 4 1 3 3 7 7 1 1 10 10 3 3 5 5 5 5 2 2 _ . _ 1 1 _ 6 6 _ _ _ _ - - 2 2 _ - * - 8 6 2 4 4 2 2 1 1 _ - 1 1 - 1 1 _ _ - - 9 5 11 11 17 17 9 7 4 4 4 2 4 - 1 - 1 1 10 2 20 14 17 14 6 6 7 7 7 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 15 15 7 7 19 13 9 8 7 5 5 4 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . - 6 6 - 12 3 9 5 3 2 15 10 5 11 8 3 7 4 3 12 10 2 13 11 2 6 6 - 5 4 1 1 1 - 16 16 - 6 - 14 14 2 2 7 1 7 7 17 17 7 7 14 14 7 7 _ 3 3 _ 6 6 10 7 12 10 16 14 23 22 15 12 24 22 10 8 _ - 3 3 - 17 17 _ 4 4 2 2 11 11 15 2 13 14 12 2 19 6 13 18 10 8 38 29 9 43 30 13 25 20 5 33 19 14 50 33 17 42 27 15 47 32 15 35 26 9 56 40 16 35 19 16 2 2 3 1 2 5 3 2 8 7 1 1 1 - 3 2 1 4 4 6 2 4 - 6 -------5“ _ W omen See footnote at end of table. - - - - _ _ _ 4 _ _ - 5 _ 5 - 11 4 3 - - - - - 11 4 3 * - _ _ _ . . - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ . . . _ - - - - - - - 4 4 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ . . _ - - - - - - - - 3 3 - 2 2 - 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - . _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ . - 1 1 _ - 2 2 - - - - * - 11 11 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - - 32 20 12 23 17 6 21 18 3 14 12 2 14 3 11 15 10 5 12 9 3 8 8 - _ 7 5 2 _ _ . - - - - 2 2 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 3 1 1 _ 6 5 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ - - - - 3 • _ - 9 9 . _ _ _ “ _ _ 5 Table A-l. O ffice Occupatbns-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er I960) RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— NUMBER OF Sex, occupation, and industry division W omen— Number of workers % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly^ Weekly . 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100. 00 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 12 0.0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 earnings1 and and (Standard) (Standard) 28?§5 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 10 0.00 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 .0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Continued Switchboard operator-receptionists ----Manufacturing________________________ 76 52 40. 5 40. 0 $65. 50 69 .0 0 _ 5 - 5 5 15 - 8 5 2 Tabulating-machine operators, class C --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________ 32 32 40. 0 40. 0 85. 00 85. 00 - - - - Transcribing-machine operators, general _________________________________ Manufacturing________________________ 54 47 40. 0 40. 0 68. 50 69. 50 - 2 2 4 4 7 3 Typists, class A ___________________________________ Manufacturing________________________ 98 40. 0 40. 0 73. 00 74. 50 _ _ 9 - - 4 4 10 87 6 163 84 79 40. 5 40. 0 41. 5 57. 00 62 . 00 52. 00 _ 10 25 “ 8 61 17 44 Typists, class B ________________________ Manufacturing________________________ Nonmanufacturing____________________ 2 9 16 _ _ 1 1 2 2 . . - 1 1 _ - - - - 7 7 4 4 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 4 3 _ - - “ - - - 12 12 5 5 3 3 8 7 14 14 . - 5 4 4 ‘ _ ■ 2 - 17 9 5 5 4 4 6 5 - - 2 2 1 1 3 - 3 12 12 1 1 3 3 13 13 4 4 _ 7 15 12 12 11 5 5 18 16 23 20 6 6 4 1 2 3 " 3 10 . 8 ' _ 3 3 7 7 2 3 2 I _ 2 2 3 3 * - - _ - “ 2 2 1 1 _ _ - . _ • • _ _ " - - . _ _ - - - . _ - - - _ . . _ " . _ ~ - - - . _ - 1 Standard hours refle ct the workweek for which em ployees receive their regu lar stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupatbns (A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber I960) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Num ber of workers W eekly | hours (Standard) W eekly j earnings (Standard) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T - T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N !IN G S O F $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ s S $ $ $ $ $ $ Under 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 n o . oo 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 and and $ under 75. 00 80.00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 n o . oo 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 over - Men 40. 0 $152. 00 “ T O T 152. 00 _ 4 0 .0 129.50 179 —m — ■ totct ■ 13170 O' 121. 00 4 0 .0 28 121.00 40. 0 28 53 D raftsm en, lea d er __ __ __ __ __ __ __ M anufacturing __ __ __ __ __ __ — ----- 52 ---D raftsm en, sen ior __ M anufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 3 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Draftsm en, j u n i o r __ __ __ __ Manufacturing __ __ __ __ __ — “ ZTO— 212 4 0 .0 40. 0 69 — 58— 40. Q 4 0 .0 _ - _ - 105.50 16 106.50 16 _ - _ - _ - - _ - _ - - - - - - " - - 5 9 13 ------5“ -----9 — - 8 27 6 6 13 n "2 4 ” _ - . _ - - - - - 6 4 2 13 13 - 15 2 " 12 11 1 1 25 25 20 20 15 15 5 5 - 2 2 5 5 5 5 ' 14 l 1 16 9 7 7 8 3 5 5 30 ' 21 20 17 9 3 3 12 12 10 15 lo 15 12 12 ' ' 15 14 5 5 9 19 19 9 9 1 1 10 10 96 . 00 5 96. 06 — 5— 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 6 6 8 6 6 1 1 28 8 8 8 1 17 - 9 9 6 2 2 6 - - “ 1 2 2 - " * - - 2 2 ll 1 2 2 4 4 - 8 11 1 1 Standard hours refle ct the w orkweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. 2 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $175 to $1 80 ; 3 at $180 to $ 1 8 5 ; 2 at $185 and over. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 7 7 17 W omen N urses, industrial (re g is te re d ) ________ Manufacturing _ _ _ ___ 2 2 - - _ _ - " 6 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Cantbn, Ohio, D ecem b er I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Occupation and industry division C arpenters, maintenance Manufacturing ____________________________________ $ 2 . 76 2. 87 ____ 397 389 2. 97 2. 98 __________________ 103 91 2. 75 2. 77 m a in t e n a n c e , _____ Manufacturing ________________ ___________ s t a t io n a r y Manufacturing ________ __ $ 1. 90 109 84 E le c tr ic ia n s , E n g in e e rs, Average hourly Under earnings 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 and 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 over " - 14 2 16 3 2 2 11 11 17 17 20 20 4 4 19 19 2 2 2 2 - - 2 2 2 2 . - ~ - " 1 1 6 6 15 15 9 9 33 27 25 25 26 24 80 80 69 69 100 100 9 9 22 22 - " - ~ 10 10 4 2 2 - 6 6 21 14 9 9 21 21 17 16 1 1 7 7 - 5 5 - 3 . . . _ . 126 114 2. 57 2. 60 H elpers, tra d es, m ain te n an ce__ ___ ____________ Manufacturing ___________________________________ 145 145 2 .4 4 2 .4 4 M ach in e-tool op erators, toolroom _______________ Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 256 256 3. 13 3. 13 - M achin ists, m ain te n an ce---------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 395 395 3. 12 3. 12 " M ech anics, automotive (m ain ten an ce)___________ M a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____ __ _____________________ Public u tilitie s 2 _______________ __ __ _ 160 98 62 48 2. 2. 2. 2. M ech anics, maintenance ________________________ _ M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------ 241 237 2. 77 2. 76 M illw r ig h t s __________ _______ _________ Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------ 401 401 2 .9 5 2. 95 O i l e r s ------------------------------------------- ---------------_ __ Manufacturing __________ ___ _______________ 57 57 2 .4 1 2. 41 P ain ters, m ain te n an ce ______ ____ __ _ _ M a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------------------- 42 34 2. 75 2. 81 P ip efitte rs, m ain te n an ce_______ _____ _ _ _ _ _ Manufacturing ______ _ __ ___ _ ___ 168 159 2. 98 2. 99 Tool and die m ak ers _ ------ __ ---------- --------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 283 283 . 3. 01 3. 01 " 3 3 _ - - “ " 4 4 4 " - - - 9 9 15 15 33 26 15 15 19 17 10 10 4 4 " - 18 18 - - - 4 4 84 84 19 19 19 19 13 13 " - 3 3 - ~ - - - 12 12 19 19 5 5 21 21 2 2 24 24 60 60 23 23 70 70 17 17 3 3 7 7 3 3 15 15 29 29 30 30 79 79 33 33 182 182 17 17 ~ ~ " " 2 2 29 21 8 6 13 3 10 10 3 1 2 2 23 11 12 3 17 14 3 1 5 5 5 14 12 2 2 5 5 5 34 34 " - - - - - - “ 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 20 20 20 20 25 25 43 41 26 26 7 7 18 18 " 27 27 2 2 33 33 ■ 2 “ - - - " 6 3 57 3 37 139 139 25 25 106 106 25 25 " 3 3 2 2 14 14 16 16 4 4 6 12 12 _ . -------5------- " " “ " " " - 3 3 2 - 6 " " . " " 3 57 3 37 _ . " " 14 7 2 2 - 1 1 3 3 - 17 17 2 2 2 1 1 1 ~ - - - 11 11 8 8 14 10 30 30 10 10 16 11 65 65 14 14 60 60 1 1 2 2 16 16 28 28 42 42 7 7 26 26 27 27 _ 15 15 - " . - 1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. $ 2. 00 - F irem en , stationary b o i l e r _______________ _______ Manufacturing ___________________________________ 67 78 49 47 $ 1. 90 and under 2. 00 . ' - - - - 37 37 22 22 7 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS,RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Occupation 1 and industry division Average hourly 2 earnings 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 20 0 2 2 6 8 11 11 8 20 8 2 $ . 00 Under and $ under . 00 Elevator op erators, p assen ger (women) N onm anufacturing____ — _____ Guards _ Manufacturing — — -------- 37 $ 0 .9 7 37 . 97 358 340 2. 46 2. 53 Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (men) Manufacturing _ __ N onmanufa c tur ing 562 461 . 08 Janitors, p o r te r s, and clean ers (w o m e n )_______ M an ufactu ring------------------------------------------- __ Nonmanufacturing _ 125 L ab ore rs, m aterial handling ___________________ M an ufactu ring------------ ---------------------------- ----Nonmanufacturing __________________ ______ __ Order f ille r s ---------------------------------------------- ------ P ack e rs, shipping ------- ------------------------ ---------- • M an u factu rin g --------------------------------------------------- 2 101 2 1 2 1 2 52 73 929 822 107 32 . 19 . 59 1. 52 . 00 . 18 2. 2. . 2. 27 30 02 37 170 2. 24 141 2. 33 2. 34 137 2 Receiving c le r k s ____________________________________ M an ufactu ring___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________________ __ 85 53 32 2. 03 Shipping clerk s --------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ________ — --------------------- 89 81 2. 58 2. 58 90 67 . 28 . 28 Shipping and receivin g c l e r k s --------- --------------------- ---------- -------Manufa c tur i n g ------------T ru ck d rivers 6 ------------------------------- ------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------- ---------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------------Public utilities 5 __________________________ ____ T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ____________________________ 2. 32 . 50 2 2 168 2 773 359 414 2. 2. . 2. 34 44 26 25 . 10 $ $ . 20 1. 30 1. 4 0 1. 5 0 . 20 1. 30 1. 4 0 1. 5 0 $ 1 $ $ . 10 $ 1 . 60 . 60 1. 7 0 $ 1 $ $ 1. 70 1 . 80 2 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 $ . 80 1. 9 0 1. 9 0 2 . 00 15 _ 4 - - - _ - 3 - 3 4 20 - _ - 29 4 25 5 - 5 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - 18 5 - - 18 5 _ - - _ - _ 2 - 10 3 9 - - 3 9 4 _ - 4 - 6 6 - _ - _ - - - - - - - _ - _ - - 2 2 2 2 - “ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ " ------- 5~ - ~ - - - - 7 7 149 149 20 20 _ _ - - 38 182 176 24 _ - _ - 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - " - 31 4 1 26 5 4 8 8 - - - 50 47 5 5 7 50 43 119 114 5 4 - 5 4 5 5 28 42 34 4 3 5 - _ - 26 - _ - - - - - 10 _ - 6 1 7 5 7 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 4 4 _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ 44 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " " " 44 38 - 53 47 10 10 _ - - 11 11 13 13 - - 36 36 43 7 36 32 6 11 6 6 2 2 211 2 2 1 21 11 6 16 2 2 2 11 6 32 9 9 73 73 - " " 197 164 33 225 5 124 16 5 5 5 15 9 4 13 7 7 9 9 5 5 7 - 5 - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " 31 31 - - - “ T ru ck ers, power (fo r k lift)-------------------------------------Manufacturing a--------------------------------------------------- 348 328 2. 36 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 9 14 14 50 50 39 39 13 13 109 109 2. 43 2. 43 - 4 4 - - - - " _ - _ - - 3 - “ - - “ - ■ " 2 2 Data lim ited to m en w orkers except .where otherw ise indicated. Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 . 80, 12 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1 . W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 . 80, 4 at $ 0 . 80 to $ 0 . 90, 11 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Includes a ll d rivers r e g a rd le ss of size and type of truck operated. 8 3 4 4 8 4 “ “ - - 4 4 2 ~ 5 3 5 3 1 18 4 4 4 4 1 - 3 3 16 * " 6 3 3 150 14 136 26 4 5 19 264 150 114 43 42 31 29 - 138 6 6 146 2 68 49 47 ! 5 5 5 5 ----------- - 5 7 16 _ 1 1 4 4 19 _ 3 3 30 1 3 1 4 4 2 1 2 22 2 22 22 2 1 1 57 55 _ 12 - 1 - 7 7 3 2 _ - _ - - - 1 " - 10 9 9 _ - - “ - - 3 - - - 3 _ " “ “ “ “ 29 47 58 6 6 5 “ 1 1 5 7 7 66 66 6 6 " 4 11 4 “ 58 2 2 28 60 60 - _ 4 - 12 2 1 36 36 " - " 56 54 3 9 2. 43 2. 40 _ 152 152 3 " 151 _ _ - 53 52 54 4 H _ " _ - - _ - 1 _ " 1 23 2 16 26 11 6 21 2 2 2 66 1 1 2 - _ _ 214 34 34 _ over 92 92 _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. 00 " _ 81 2 . 90 12 12 _ 1. 2 . 80 3. 00 and _ _ 35 $ - _ Watchmen ------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 2 .9 0 _ 2. 32 T ru ck ers, power (father than forklift) — ----M an ufactu ring---------------- ----------------------- — $ 2 . 80 - 10 10 10 6 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 8 1 10 1 12 6 8 20 6 6 12 1 16 6 6 2 2 1 2 1 6 6 1 6 10 106 18 4 14 3 7 7 7 379 2. 36 2. 70 3 15 T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, ------------------------------------tra iler type) -------Manufacturing -------------- --------------------------- 80 $ “ - 9 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the B u rea u s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essen tia l in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes in applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E B IL L E R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May a lso keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are c la ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of bu sin ess transactions. B ille r , machine (b illin g m achine) — U se s a sp ecia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, e t c ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carton copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r , machine (bookkeepin g m achine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balan ces. D oes not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sa le s and credit slip s. C la s s A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated re ports, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. C la s s B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, pay roll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in prep aration of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the a c counting department. C LE R K , ACCOUNTING C la s s A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c countant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an e s tablishment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and 10 CLERK , ACCOUNTING— Continued C LE R K , P A Y R O L L balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal entries; may direct c la ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh eets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May make out paychecks and a s sist paymaster in making up and distrib uting pay en velopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOM ETER O P E R A T O R Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties DUPLICATING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R (MIMEOGRAPH O R D ITTO ) C LE R K , FILE Class A — Responsible for maintaining an established filing system . C la ssifie s and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with file s or supervise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May perform incidental clerical du ties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssifie d , or locates or a s s is ts in locating ma terial in the file s . May perform incidental clerical duties. C LE R K , ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by phone, or personally. Duties involve Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. mail, following: any combination of the Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilitie s, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjust ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, co llate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep file s of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. O FFIC E BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 11 SE C RE TAR Y SWITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IST Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone c a lls ; handling personal and important or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or th erecorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May pre pare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular du ties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's while at switchboard. TABULAT1NG-MACHINE STENOGRAPHER, GEN ERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May a lso type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D oes not in clu de transcribingmachine work (se e transcribing-machine operator). posi also This time OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; se ts or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in a d ditio n , operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R , G E N E R A L STENOGRAPHER, TECH N ICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such a s in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, e tc. D oes not in clu d e tran scribin g- Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. machine work . SWITCHBOARD O P E R A TO R TYPIST Duties Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll ca lls and take m e ssa g es. May give information to persons who c a ll in,, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who a lso act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. U ses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out b ills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such a s keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 12 T Y P IS T — Continued T Y P IS T — Continued C la s s A — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circum stances. C la s s B — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o lic ie s, e tc ., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E S S IO N A L AN D T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued (A ssistan t draftsman) writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or Draws to sca le units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. specifications* May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electri'cal, mechanical, or from simple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LE A D E R NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED ) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combina tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a s s is t subordinates during emergencies or as a subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; regular assignment, of perform related duties of a supervisory or ad conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants ministrative nature. and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of a ll personnel. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from n otes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p o ses. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : TRACER Preparing work involved in strength of materials, beams and tru sses; verifying com Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pen cil. U ses T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw pleted work, checking dim ensions, materials to be used, and quantities; ings and do simple lettering. ing plans, detail drawings, maps, c r o s s -s e c tio n s , e tc ., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those 13 M A IN T E N A N C E D POWERPLANT C A R P E N T E R , MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIO N ARY B O IL ER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, ca sin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenters handtools, portable power to o ls, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selectin g materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, g a s, or oil burner; checks water and safety v a lv es. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipment. E L E C T R IC IA N , MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATION ARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a lso supervise these operations. Head or c h ie f engin eers in establish m en ts em ploying more than one engineer are e xclu d e d . H E L P E R , TR A D E S, MAINTENANCE A s s is t s one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and to o ls; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assistin g worker by holding materials or too ls; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts ot a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time b a sis. MACHINE-TOOL O P E R A T O R , TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop too ls, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting fe ed s, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress to o ls, and to sele ct proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and sp ecifica tio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 14 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine to o ls; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolera n ces; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to str e sse s, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard too ls, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (M AINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, bu ses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting v a lv es; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ic a l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling macnines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken o r defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma ch ines; and making a ll necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssification are workers whose primary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and in sta lls machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O IL E R Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur fa ce s of mechanical equipment of an establishm ent. PA IN T E R , MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w a lls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sisten cy. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, g a s, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various s iz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ie s; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s- . In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers prim arily engaged in in sta llin g and repairing building sa n itatio n or heating system s are e x clu d e d . 15 T O O L AND DIE MAKER PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good orde*\ Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, in sta lls, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, sh elv es, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out a ll types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sh eetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Diem aker; jig maker; toolm aker: fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and a llo ys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speed s, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qu alities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow an ces; selecting appropriate materials, too ls, and pro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training inm acnine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tio n . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , PASSENGER JANITOR, P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R — Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building* apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary. In clu d e s gate- men who are sta tio n ed at gate and ch eck on id e n tity o f em ployees and other persons entering. JANITOR, P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an o ffice, apartment house, or commercial LA B O R E R , M ATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 16 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d ev ic e s; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER For wage study purposes, workers are c la ssifie d as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, customers orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm other related duties. 9 Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such a s : Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishments and custom ers’ houses or places of b u sin ess. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against b ills of lading, in v o ices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s . Operates a manually controlled g a so lin e- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of a ll kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d truck, as follow s: by type of Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illeg a l entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 O - 583939 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I96 0 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sa le s offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional an a lysis, w ill be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N . M ex.— B ull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—E aston , P a.—N.J.— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285- Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285* * Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C.— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285* * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285“ ❖ * Dallas, T ex .— Bull. 1285-21 * * Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285* Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Fort Worth, T ex .— Bull. 1285-23 * Green Bay, W is.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T e x .— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— BulL 1285-28 Jackson, M i s s .— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -3 0 * Kansas City, M o.—K a n s.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, M a ss.—N .H .— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -6 L os A n ge les—Long Beach, C a lif.— Bull. 1285L o u isv ille, K y .—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, T e x .— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N .H .— B ull. 1285-1 Memphis, T enn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, W is.— Bull. 1285M inneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J .— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport N ew s— Hampton, V a .— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma C ity, O k la.— Bull. 1 28 5 -3 * * Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—P a ssa ic , N .J .— Bull. 1285* * Philadelphia, P a .— Bull. 128 5 -2 4 Phoenix, A riz .— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, P a .— Bull. 1285* Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—W ash.— B ull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I .—M a ss.— B ull. 1285” ❖ ❖ R aleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -5 Richmond, V a .— Bull. 1 28 5 -2 6 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285* * S t . L ou is, M o .-I l l .— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1 28 5 -3 2 San Antonio, T e x .— Bull. 1285* San Bernardino—R iverside—Ontario, C a lif.— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -4 San F rancisco—Oakland, C a lif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, G a .— Bull. 1285**S cra n to n , P a .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -8 * * Seattle, Wash___ Bull. 1 2 8 5 -7 * * * S i o u x F a lls, S. D ak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J .— Bull. 1285-25 ❖ ❖ Washington, D .C .- M d .- V a .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -2 2 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285* Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20 * * Wichita, K an s.— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -9 * * Wilmington, D e l.—N .J .— Bull. 128 5 -1 2 Worcester, M a ss.— Bull. 1285York, P a .— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. ♦ ❖ ❖ *❖ * Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.