View original document

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Occupational Wage Survey

CANTON, OHIO
D ECEM BER 1960

Bulletin No. 1285-29




U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
Arthur J . Goldberg, Secretary
BU R EA U O F LA BO R STATISTICS
Ew a n C la g u e , Commissioner




Occupational Wage Survey




CANTON, OHIO
D ECEM BER 1 9 6 0

B u lle t in N o . 1 2 8 5 - 2 9
February 1961

U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary
B U R EA U O F LA B O R STATISTICS
E w a n C la g u e , Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

Price 20 cents




Preface

Contents

Page

The B u reau of L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts
a r e a w id e w age s u r v e y s in a n u m b er of im p orta n t in d u str ia l
c e n t e r s . The stu d ie s , m a d e fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g ,
r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p le m e n ta ry
b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n
o f the study in e a ch a r e a , u s u a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g
the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l
data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t .
A c o n s o lid a te d
a n a ly tica l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the
y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a
b u lle tin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s .
T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l
o ffic e in C h ic a g o , 111. , b y W ood row C . Lin n , u n der the
d ir e c tio n o f G e o rg e E . V ota v a , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r
fo r W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s .




In trod u ction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s ---------------------------------------

1
3

T a b le s :
1.
2.

A:

E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ---------------P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e in stan d ard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and
s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l
g rou p s —-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2

2

O ccu p a tion a l e a r n in g s :*
A - 1.
A -2 .
A - 3.
A - 4.

A p p en d ix :

O ffice o c cu p a tio n s -----------------------------------------------P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ----------M ain ten an ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a t io n s --------C u sto d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o ccu p a tio n s
O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s

------------------------------ -----------------------

* N O T E : S im ila r tabu lation s a r e a v a ila b le in the C anton
r e p o r t f o r D e c e m b e r 1959, w h ich a ls o in clu d es data on
e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i ­
s io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e
o f the r e p o r t s f o r oth er m a jo r a r e a s is a v a ila b le upon
r e q u e s t.

O Ui rfx

The C o m m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m

9




Occupational W age Survey—Canton, Ohio
Introduction

This a rea is one of se v e ra l im portant industrial cen ters in
which the U. S. Departm ent of L a b o r 's B ureau of L abor Statistics
conducts su rveys o f occupational earnings and related wage benefits
on an area b a s is .
The bulletin p resen ts cu rren t occupational em ploym ent and
earnings inform ation obtained la rg e ly b y m a il fr o m the establishm ents
v isited by Bureau fie ld econ om ists in the la st p rev iou s survey fo r o c c u ­
pations rep orted in that e a r lie r study.
P e rso n a l v is its w ere made
to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes
sin ce the p rev iou s survey.
In each area, data a re obtained fr o m rep resen ta tive esta b lish ­
m ents within six b road industry d iv isio n s: Manufacturing; tra n sp o r­
tation, 1 com m unication, and other pu blic u tilities; w h olesale trade; r e ­
tail trade; finance, insurance, and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor
industry groups excluded fr o m these studies a re governm ent operations
and the con stru ction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm ents having
few er than a p r e s c r ib e d number of w o rk e rs a re om itted a lso beca u se
they fu rn ish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r­
rant in clusion. W herever p o ssib le , separate tabulations a re p rovided
fo r each of the b roa d industry d iv ision s.
These su rveys a re conducted on a sam ple b a sis b eca u se of the
u nn ecessary c o s t involved in surveying a ll establishm ents. T o obtain
ap propriate a ccu ra cy at m inim um co st, a g rea ter p ro p o rtio n of la rg e
than of sm all establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, how ­
ev er, all establishm ents a re given their appropriate weight. E stim ates
based on the establishm ents studied a re p resen ted, th e re fo re , as r e ­
lating to all establishm ents in the industry grouping and area , e x ­
cept fo r those below the m inim um s iz e studied.
Occupations and Earnings
The occupations se le cte d fo r study a r e com m on to a va riety
o f manufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s ­
sification is based on a u niform set o f jo b d e scrip tio n s designed to

1 R ailroa d s, fo r m e r ly excluded fr o m the scop e o f these studies,
w ere included in a ll o f the a rea s studied sin ce July 1959, excep t
B altim ore, B uffalo, Cleveland, and Seattle.
R a ilroa d s a re now in­
cluded in the scop e o f a ll la b o r-m a rk e t wage su rveys.




take account of inter establishm ent variation in duties within the same
jo b . (See appendix fo r listing of these d e s c r ip t io n s .) E arnings data atre
p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the follow in g types o f o ccu p a ­
tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fe s s io n a l and tech n ical; (c) m ainte­
nance and pow erplant; and (d) cu stod ial and m a teria l m ovem ent.
O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data a re shown fo r
fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs, i. e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly sch ed ­
ule in the given occupational cla ss ifica tio n .
E arnings data exclude
prem ium pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and
late shifts.
N onproduction bon uses a re excluded a lso, but c o s t - o f living bon uses and incentive earnings a re included.
W here w eekly
hours a re rep orted , as fo r o ffice c le r ic a l occu pation s, r e fe re n ce is
to the w ork sch edules (rounded to the n ea rest h alf hour) fo r which
stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s a re paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these
occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d olla r.

A verag e earnings of m en and w om en a re p resen ted separately
fo r se le cte d occupations in which both sex es a re com m on ly em ployed.
D iffe re n ce s in pay le v e ls of m en and wom en in these occu pation s are
la rg e ly due to (1) d iffe re n ce s in the d istribu tion of the sex es among
indu stries and establish m en ts; (2) d iffe re n ce s in s p e cific duties p e r ­
fo rm ed , although the occu pation s a re ap p rop riately c la s s ifie d within
the sam e su rvey jo b d escrip tion ; and (3) d iffe re n ce s in length of s e r v ­
ic e or m e rit rev iew when individual sa la rie s a re adjusted on this b a sis.
L onger average s e r v ic e of m en would resu lt in higher avera g e pay
when both se x e s a re em ployed within the sam e rate range.
Job
d e scrip tio n s used in cla ss ify in g em p loyees in these su rveys a re usu­
ally m o r e g en era lized than those used in individual establishm ents to
allow fo r m inor d iffe re n ce s am ong establish m en ts in s p e cific duties
p e rfo rm e d .

O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all
establishm ents within the scop e o f the study and not the num ber actu ­
ally su rveyed. B ecause o f d iffe re n ce s in occu pation al stru ctu re among
establish m en ts, the estim ates of occupational em ploym ent obtained
fr o m the sam ple of establishm ents studied se rv e only to in dicate the
re la tiv e im portan ce o f the jo b s studied. T hese d iffe re n ce s in o c c u ­
pational stru ctu re do not m a teria lly a ffe ct the a ccu ra cy o f the earn ­
ings data.

2




Table 1.

Establishments and workers within scone of survey and number studied in Canton, Ohio,
Number of establishments
Industry division

A ll divisions

*

____

'

— — —

Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
_____
Transportation, communication, and
other public utilities 4
—
----- ----__
Wholesale tra d e5
_
Retail trade 5 _
_ _
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5
Services
6

5>

Within scope
of study *

Studied

by m ajor industry division, 2 December I960
Workers in establishments
Within scope
of study

Studied

184

80

61, 100

45, 650

103
81

44
36

47, 500
13, 600

36, 990
8, 660

13
15
38
8
7

10
4
14
4
4

4,
1,
5,
1,

800
600
400
200
600

4, 730
520
2, 300
680
430

1 The Canton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Stark County).
The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table pro­
vide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey.
The estim ates are not intended, how­
ever, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage
surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are
excluded from the scope of the survey.
2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division.
Major
changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization
plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broad­
casting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division.
y Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation (50 employees). A ll outlets (within the area) of
companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair services, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.
4 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded.
5 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A tables.
Separate presentation
of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data
to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to
perm it separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.
6 Hotels; personal services; business service s; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering
and architectural services.

Table 2.

Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings
for selected occupational groups in Canton, Ohio,
December 1959 to December I960
Occupational group

Office clerical (women)
Industrial nurses (women)
Skilled maintenance (men)
Unskilled plant (men)

A ll industries

1.
2.
3.
3.

7
7
3
4

Manufa c tur ing

1.
2.
3.
3.

7
7
4
3

3

Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

P resen ted in table 2 a re indexes o f sa la rie s of o ffic e c le r ic a l
w o rk e rs and industrial n u rses, and o f average earnings o f selected
plant w ork er grou ps.
In a re a s which w e re not su rveyed during the
fis c a l 1953 b a se y ea r (July 1952 to June 1953) this table is lim ited
to p ercen ts of change betw een se le cte d p e rio d s.
F or o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rses, the indexes
relate to average w eekly s a la rie s fo r n orm a l h ours o f w ork, that is,
the standard w ork schedule fo r w hich stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s a re paid.
F or plant w ork er groups, they m ea su re changes in stra igh t-tim e hourly
earnings, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eek ­
ends, h olidays, and late shifts.
The indexes a re b a sed on data fo r
selected key occupations and include m o st of the n u m erica lly im portant
jo b s within each group. The o ffic e c le r ic a l data a re based on wom en in
the follow in g 18 jo b s : B ille r s , m achine (billin g m ach in e); bookkeepingm achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A and B; C om ptom eter o p e ra to rs; c le r k s , file ,
c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o rd e r; c le r k s , p a y ro ll; keypunch o p e ra to rs;
o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; sten ograph ers, gen eral; sw itchboard o p e ra ­
to r s ; sw itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ; tabulating-m achine o p e ra ­
to r s ; tra n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs , gen eral; and typists, c la ss A
and B.
The in du strial nurse data a re b a sed on w om en industrial
n u rses. Men in the follow in g 10 s k ille d m aintenance jo b s and 3 unskilled
jo b s w ere included in the plant w ork er data: Skilled-— ca rp en ters;
e le ctricia n s ; m a ch in ists; m ech a n ics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; m ill­
w righ ts; p a in ters; p ip e fitte rs; sh eet-m eta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die
m a k ers; unskilled— ja n ito rs, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs; la b o r e r s , m a ­
te ria l handling; and watchm en.
A vera g e w eekly s a la rie s or a verage hourly earnings w ere
com puted fo r each o f the selected occu pation s.
The a verage sa la rie s
o r hourly earnings w e re then m ultiplied by the a vera ge o f 1953 and
1954 em ploym ent in the jo b . T hese w eighted earnings fo r individual
occupations w e re then totaled to obtain an aggregate fo r each o ccu p a ­
tional group. F inally, the ra tio o f these jgroup aggrega tes fo r a givan
year to the aggregate fo r the b a se p e r io d (su rv ey month, w inter 1952—53)
was com puted *and the re su lt m ultiplied by the b a se y ea r index (100) to
get the index fo r the given y e a r.




S im ilar p ro ce d u res w ere follow ed in com piling “ p ercen ts of
change" in ar£as not surveyed during 1953.
Adjustm ents have been made w h e re n e ce ssa ry to maintain
com p arability so that the y e a r -to -y e a r com p a rison s a re based on the
sam e industry and occupational co v era g e.
F or exam ple, ra ilroa d s
have been included in the cov era g e of the su rveys only sin ce July 1959.
In com puting the indexes fo r the fir s t y ea r in which ra ilroa d s w ere
included, data relating to ra ilroa d s w ere excluded. Indexes fo r su b se­
quent y e a rs include data fo r ra ilroa d s.
The indexes m easu re, p rin cip ally, the effects of (1) general
sa la ry and wage changes; (2) m e rit or other in cre a se s in pay re ceiv ed
by individual w o rk e rs w hile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) changes in the
labor fo r c e such as la bor turnover, fo r c e expansions, fo r c e re d u c­
tions, and changes in the p rop ortion o f w ork ers em ployed by estab­
lishm ents with d ifferen t pay le v e ls .
Changes in the labor fo r c e can
cau se in cre a se s or d e cre a s e s in the occupational averages without
actual wage changes. F o r exam ple, a fo r c e expansion m ight in crea se
the p rop ortion of low er paid w ork ers in a s p e cific occupation and r e ­
sult in a d rop in the average, w hereas a reduction in the p rop ortion
of low er paid w o rk e rs would have the opposite effect. The m ovem ent
of a high-paying establishm ent out of an area could cause the average
earnings to drop, even though no change in rates o ccu rre d in other
a rea establishm ents.
The use o f constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the effects
of changes in the p ro p ortion o f w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each job in ­
cluded in the data.
Nor a re the indexes influenced by changes in
standard w ork schedules or in prem iu m pay fo r overtim e, sin ce they
a re based on pay fo r straigh t-tim e hours.
Indexes fo r the p e rio d 1953 to I960 fo r w ork ers in 20 m a jor
labor m arkets w ill appear in BLS B ull. 1265-62, W ages and Related
B enefits, 60 L abor M arkets, W inter 1959—60.

A* Occupational Earnings

4

Table A-1. O ffice Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er I960)

Average
Sex, occupation, and industry division

Num ber

of

workers

1

W eekly,
hours
(Standard)

W eekly j
earnings1
(Standard)

N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
s
35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 $110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140. 00
and
and
45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00

over

Men
Clerks, accounting, class
A
____________
Manufacturing___ __________________

85
68

40. 5
40. 0

$
117. 50
120. 50

Clerks, accounting, class B ____________
Manufacturing________________________

51
49

40. 0
40. 0

Clerks, order ___________________________

40

Clerks, pa yroll__________________________
Manufacturing________________________

_

_

-

.

.

_

-

-

-

*

-

-

4
-

2
2

_

112. 50
113.50

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1

41. 0

105. 00

.

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

5

3

50
50

40. 5
40. 5

108. 00
108. 00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

Office boys --------------------------------------------

25

40. 0

69. 00

.

_

2

3

5

_

2

3

Tabulating-machine operators,
class B --- ----------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________

49
46

40. 5
40. 5

98. 00
99. 50

-

-

-

_

_

1
1

-

Billers, machine (billing machine) ____
Manufacturing________________________

41
27

40. 0
40. 0

64. 00
68. 50

_

_

5

-

10
4

_

-

-

9
9

8
5

Bookeeping-machine operators,
class B _________________________________
Manufacturing------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------- ----------

154
40
114

40. 0
40. 0
40. 5

50. 00
6 2 . ocT
45. 50

3
3

49
49

54
8
46

13
1
12

13
13
-

5
3
2

Clerks, accounting, class A ____ _____
Manufacturing________________________

60
47

40. 0
40. 0

79. 50
77. 50

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

Clerks, accounting, class B ____________
Manufacturing________________________

133
114

40. 0
40. 0

77. 00
80. 00

_

7
7

7
7

6
4

Clerks, file, class B ___________________
Manufacturing----------------------------- -------

63
44

39. 5
40. 0

58. 00
61.00

_

2
2

12
3

Clerks, p ayroll------------- ------------- --- _
Manufacturing________________________
Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------

117
90
27

39. 5
39. 5
40. 0

76. 50
80. 50
63. 00

_
-

Comptometer operators____ _ ________
Manufacturing________________________

87
75

40. 0
40. 0

66. 50
69. 50

_

Keypunch operators _____________________
Manufacturing------------------------ ---------

151
136

40. 0
40. 0

72. 50
73. 50

_

Secretaries ---------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________
Nonmanufacturing_______________ ___

309
202
107

40. 0
40. 0
40. 0

85. 00
90. 00
75. 50

Stenographers, general _________________
Manufacturing------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing____________________

349
223
126

40. 0
40. 0
40. 5

71. 00
71.00
71.00

Switchboard operators ------------- -----------Manufacturing------------ ---------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------

57
26
31

40. 0
40. 0
40. 0

69. 00
80. 50
59. 50

4
4

_
-

1
1

5
5

5
5

1
-

8
2

6
4

14
10

4
4

15
15

9
9

7
7

_

_

-

-

3
1

5
5

9
9

14
14

13
13

4
4

1
1

1
1

-

-

_

8

_

4

2

5

1

6

5

1

-

-

-

-

12
12

13
13

10
10

6
6

3
3

2
2

-

-

-

1

3

6

_

_

_

_

_

_

.

_

.

.

2
2

4
1

3
3

7
7

1
1

10
10

3
3

5
5

5
5

2
2

_

.

_

1
1

_

6
6

_

_

_

_

-

-

2
2

_

-

*

-

8
6
2

4
4

2
2

1
1

_
-

1
1

-

1
1

_
_

-

-

9
5

11
11

17
17

9
7

4
4

4
2

4
-

1
-

1
1

10
2

20
14

17
14

6
6

7
7

7
7

4
4

4
4

4
4

15
15

7
7

19
13

9
8

7
5

5
4

2
2

3
3

1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1

.
-

6
6
-

12
3
9

5
3
2

15
10
5

11
8
3

7
4
3

12
10
2

13
11
2

6
6
-

5
4
1

1
1
-

16
16
-

6
-

14
14

2
2

7
1

7
7

17
17

7
7

14
14

7
7

_

3
3

_

6
6

10
7

12
10

16
14

23
22

15
12

24
22

10
8

_

-

3
3

-

17
17

_

4

4
2
2

11
11

15
2
13

14
12
2

19
6
13

18
10
8

38
29
9

43
30
13

25
20
5

33
19
14

50
33
17

42
27
15

47
32
15

35
26
9

56
40
16

35
19
16

2
2

3
1
2

5
3
2

8
7
1

1
1
-

3
2
1

4
4
6
2
4

-

6
-------5“

_

W omen

See footnote at end of table.




-

-

-

-

_
_
_

4
_
_
-

5
_
5

-

11

4

3

-

-

-

-

-

11

4

3

*

-

_

_

_

.

.

-

-

-

-

-

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_
-

_

_

_

.

.

.

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

8
8

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

.

.

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3
3
-

2
2
-

1
1
-

2
2
-

_
-

.
_

_

_
_

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

.

-

1
1

_

-

2
2

-

-

-

-

*

-

11
11

4
4

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

.

-

-

-

-

-

-

32
20
12

23
17
6

21
18
3

14
12
2

14
3
11

15
10
5

12
9
3

8
8
-

_

7
5
2
_
_
.

-

-

-

-

2
2
_
_
_
_

1
_
1
_

3

1
1
_

6
5
1
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

3
3
_
_
_
-

-

-

-

3

•

_

-

9
9
.
_
_
_
“

_
_

5
Table A-l. O ffice Occupatbns-Continued
(A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er I960)

RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—

NUMBER OF
Sex, occupation, and industry division

W omen—

Number
of
workers

%

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Weekly^ Weekly . 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100. 00 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 12 0.0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00
earnings1 and
and
(Standard) (Standard)
28?§5 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 10 0.00 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 .0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over

Continued

Switchboard operator-receptionists ----Manufacturing________________________

76
52

40. 5
40. 0

$65. 50
69 .0 0

_

5
-

5
5

15

-

8

5
2

Tabulating-machine operators,
class C --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing________________________

32
32

40. 0
40. 0

85. 00
85. 00

-

-

-

-

Transcribing-machine operators,
general _________________________________
Manufacturing________________________

54
47

40. 0
40. 0

68. 50
69. 50

-

2
2

4
4

7
3

Typists, class A ___________________________________
Manufacturing________________________

98

40. 0
40. 0

73. 00
74. 50

_

_

9

-

-

4
4

10

87

6

163
84
79

40. 5
40. 0
41. 5

57. 00
62 . 00
52. 00

_

10

25

“

8

61
17
44

Typists, class B ________________________
Manufacturing________________________
Nonmanufacturing____________________

2

9

16

_

_

1
1

2
2

.

.

-

1
1

_

-

-

-

-

7
7

4
4

2
2

1
1

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

4
3

_

-

-

“

-

-

-

12
12

5
5

3
3

8
7

14
14

.

-

5

4
4
‘

_
■

2
-

17
9

5
5

4
4

6
5

-

-

2
2

1
1

3

-

3

12
12

1
1

3
3

13
13

4
4

_

7

15
12

12
11

5
5

18
16

23
20

6
6

4
1

2

3

"

3

10 .
8 '

_

3
3

7
7

2
3

2

I

_

2
2

3
3

*

-

-

_

-

“

2
2

1
1

_

_

-

.

_

•

•

_
_
"

-

-

.

_

_

-

-

-

.

_

-

-

-

_
.

.
_
"

.

_
~

-

-

-

.
_
-

1 Standard hours refle ct the workweek for which em ployees receive their regu lar stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours.

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupatbns
(A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber I960)

Average
Sex, occupation, and industry division

Num ber
of

workers

W eekly |
hours
(Standard)

W eekly j
earnings
(Standard)

N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T - T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N !IN G S O F

$
$
$
$
$
$
S
$
$
$
$
s
S
$
$
$
$
$
$
Under 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 n o . oo 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00
and
and
$
under
75. 00 80.00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 n o . oo 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 over

-

Men
40. 0 $152. 00
“ T O T 152. 00

_

4 0 .0
129.50
179
—m — ■ totct ■ 13170 O'
121. 00
4 0 .0
28
121.00
40. 0
28

53

D raftsm en, lea d er __ __ __ __ __ __ __
M anufacturing
__ __ __ __ __ __ — ----- 52 ---D raftsm en, sen ior __
M anufacturing
__
Nonmanufacturing
Public utilities 3

__ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __
_____

__ __ __
__ __ __
__
__
__

Draftsm en, j u n i o r __
__ __ __
Manufacturing
__ __ __ __ __

—

“ ZTO—

212

4 0 .0
40. 0

69
— 58—

40. Q
4 0 .0

_
-

_

-

105.50

16

106.50

16

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

-

5

9

13

------5“ -----9 —

-

8

27

6
6

13
n

"2 4 ”

_

-

.

_

-

-

-

-

-

6
4
2

13
13
-

15

2

"

12
11
1
1

25

25

20
20

15
15

5
5

-

2
2

5
5

5
5

' 14
l
1

16
9
7
7

8
3
5
5

30
' 21

20
17

9

3
3

12
12

10

15

lo

15

12
12 ' '

15
14

5
5

9

19

19

9
9

1
1

10
10

96 . 00
5
96. 06 — 5—

3

2

3

2

2
2

4
3

6
6

8
6

6

1
1

28

8

8
8

1

17
-

9
9

6

2
2

6

-

-

“

1

2
2

-

"

*

-

-

2

2

ll

1

2

2

4
4

-

8
11 1

1 Standard hours refle ct the w orkweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours.
2 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s:
3 at $175 to $1 80 ; 3 at $180 to $ 1 8 5 ; 2 at $185 and over.
3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities.




7
7

17

W omen
N urses, industrial (re g is te re d ) ________
Manufacturing
_
_ _ ___

2
2

-

-

_

_

-

"

6

Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Cantbn, Ohio, D ecem b er I960)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
Number
of
workers

Occupation and industry division

C arpenters, maintenance
Manufacturing ____________________________________

$ 2 . 76
2. 87

____

397
389

2. 97
2. 98

__________________

103
91

2. 75
2. 77

m a in t e n a n c e ,
_____
Manufacturing ________________ ___________

s t a t io n a r y

Manufacturing ________

__

$
1. 90

109
84

E le c tr ic ia n s ,

E n g in e e rs,

Average
hourly
Under
earnings 1

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

2. 10

2 .2 0

2. 30

2. 40

2. 50

2. 60

2. 70

2. 80

2. 90

3. 00

3. 10

3. 20

3. 30

3 .4 0

3. 50
and

2. 10

2. 20

2. 30

2. 40

2. 50

2. 60

2. 70

2. 80

2. 90

3. 00

3. 10

3. 20

3. 30

3 .4 0

3. 50

over

"

-

14
2

16
3

2
2

11
11

17
17

20
20

4
4

19
19

2
2

2
2

-

-

2
2

2
2

.
-

~

-

"

1
1

6
6

15
15

9
9

33
27

25
25

26
24

80
80

69
69

100
100

9
9

22
22

-

"

-

~

10
10

4
2

2

-

6
6

21
14

9
9

21
21

17
16

1
1

7
7

-

5
5

-

3

.

.

.

_

.

126
114

2. 57
2. 60

H elpers, tra d es, m ain te n an ce__ ___ ____________
Manufacturing ___________________________________

145
145

2 .4 4
2 .4 4

M ach in e-tool op erators, toolroom _______________
Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------

256
256

3. 13
3. 13

-

M achin ists, m ain te n an ce---------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------

395
395

3. 12
3. 12

"

M ech anics, automotive (m ain ten an ce)___________
M a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________
Nonmanufacturing ____ __ _____________________
Public u tilitie s 2 _______________ __
__ _

160
98
62
48

2.
2.
2.
2.

M ech anics, maintenance ________________________ _
M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------

241
237

2. 77
2. 76

M illw r ig h t s __________ _______ _________
Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------

401
401

2 .9 5
2. 95

O i l e r s ------------------------------------------- ---------------_ __
Manufacturing __________ ___ _______________

57
57

2 .4 1
2. 41

P ain ters, m ain te n an ce ______ ____
__
_ _
M a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------------------

42
34

2. 75
2. 81

P ip efitte rs, m ain te n an ce_______ _____ _ _ _ _ _
Manufacturing ______ _ __
___ _ ___

168
159

2. 98
2. 99

Tool and die m ak ers _ ------ __ ---------- --------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------

283
283 .

3. 01
3. 01

"
3
3

_
-

-

“

"

4
4
4

"

-

-

-

9
9

15
15

33
26

15
15

19
17

10
10

4
4

"

-

18
18

-

-

-

4
4

84
84

19
19

19
19

13
13

"

-

3
3

-

~

-

-

-

12
12

19
19

5
5

21
21

2
2

24
24

60
60

23
23

70
70

17
17

3
3

7
7

3
3

15
15

29
29

30
30

79
79

33
33

182
182

17
17

~

~

"

"

2
2

29
21
8
6

13
3
10
10

3
1
2
2

23
11
12
3

17
14
3
1

5
5
5

14
12
2
2

5
5
5

34
34
"

-

-

-

-

-

-

“

8
8
8

9
9

9
9

20
20

20
20

25
25

43
41

26
26

7
7

18
18

"

27
27

2
2

33
33

■

2
“

-

-

-

"

6

3

57

3

37

139
139

25
25

106
106

25
25

"

3
3

2
2

14
14

16
16

4
4

6

12
12

_

.

-------5-------

"

"

“

"

"

"

-

3
3
2

-

6
"

"

.

"

"

3

57

3

37

_

.
"

"

14
7

2
2

-

1
1

3
3

-

17
17

2
2

2
1

1
1

~

-

-

-

11
11

8
8

14
10

30
30

10
10

16
11

65
65

14
14

60
60

1
1

2
2

16
16

28
28

42
42

7
7

26
26

27
27

_

15
15

-

"

.

-

1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts.
2 Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities.




$

2. 00

-

F irem en , stationary b o i l e r _______________ _______
Manufacturing ___________________________________

67
78
49
47

$
1. 90
and
under
2. 00

.
'

-

-

-

-

37
37

22
22

7
Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b a sis
by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber I960)
NUMBER OF WORKERS,RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
Number
of
workers

Occupation 1 and industry division

Average
hourly 2
earnings

1 1 1
1 1 1
2
20
0 2
2
6
8
11
11
8
20
8
2
$

. 00
Under
and
$
under
. 00

Elevator op erators, p assen ger (women)
N onm anufacturing____
—
_____
Guards
_
Manufacturing —

—

--------

37

$ 0 .9 7

37

.

97

358
340

2. 46
2. 53

Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (men)
Manufacturing
_ __
N onmanufa c tur ing

562
461

. 08

Janitors, p o r te r s, and clean ers (w o m e n )_______
M an ufactu ring------------------------------------------- __
Nonmanufacturing _

125

L ab ore rs, m aterial handling ___________________
M an ufactu ring------------ ---------------------------- ----Nonmanufacturing __________________ ______ __

Order f ille r s ----------------------------------------------

------

P ack e rs, shipping
------- ------------------------ ---------- •
M an u factu rin g ---------------------------------------------------

2
101 2
1
2
1
2
52
73

929
822

107
32

. 19
. 59

1. 52
. 00
. 18

2.
2.
.
2.

27
30
02
37

170

2. 24

141

2. 33
2. 34

137

2

Receiving c le r k s ____________________________________
M an ufactu ring___________________________________
Nonmanufacturing _________________________ __

85
53
32

2. 03

Shipping clerk s --------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ________ — ---------------------

89
81

2. 58
2. 58

90
67

. 28
. 28

Shipping and receivin g c l e r k s --------- --------------------- ---------- -------Manufa c tur i n g ------------T ru ck d rivers 6 ------------------------------- ------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------- ---------Nonmanufacturing
-----------------------------------------------Public utilities 5 __________________________
____
T ru ck d rivers, m edium ( I V 2 to and
including 4 tons) ____________________________

2. 32
. 50

2
2
168 2

773

359
414

2.
2.
.
2.

34
44
26
25

. 10

$

$

. 20

1. 30

1. 4 0

1. 5 0

. 20

1. 30

1. 4 0

1. 5 0

$

1

$

$

. 10

$

1

. 60

. 60

1. 7 0

$

1

$

$

1. 70

1

. 80

2
2
.

00

$
2 . 10

$
2 . 20

2. 30

2. 40

2. 50

2 . 60

.

10

2 . 20

2. 30

2. 40

2. 50

2 . 60

2. 70

$

. 80

1. 9 0

1. 9 0

2 . 00

15

_

4

-

-

-

_
-

3

-

3

4 20
-

_
-

29
4
25

5

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

18

5

-

-

18

5

_
-

-

_
-

_

2

-

10

3

9

-

-

3

9

4

_
-

4

-

6
6

-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

-

2 2
2 2

-

“

_

_

_

_

-

-

_

_

_

.

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_

_

_

_

_

_

"

------- 5~

-

~

-

-

-

-

7
7

149
149

20
20

_

_

-

-

38

182
176

24

_
-

_
-

4
4

_
_

_
_

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

"

-

31

4

1

26
5

4

8
8
-

-

-

50

47

5
5

7

50

43

119
114
5

4

-

5
4

5
5

28

42
34

4

3
5

-

_
-

26

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

10

_
-

6
1

7

5

7

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

_

_

_

-

-

-

_

_

_

44

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

"

"

44
38

-

53
47

10
10

_
-

-

11
11

13

13

-

-

36
36

43
7
36
32

6 11

6 6
2
2
211 2
2
1
21 11
6
16
2 2
2
11
6
32

9
9

73

73
-

"

"

197
164
33

225

5

124

16

5
5

5

15

9

4

13

7
7

9
9

5
5

7

-

5

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

31
31

-

-

-

“

T ru ck ers, power (fo r k lift)-------------------------------------Manufacturing a---------------------------------------------------

348
328

2. 36

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

9
9

14
14

50
50

39
39

13
13

109
109

2. 43
2. 43

-

4

4

-

-

-

-

"

_

-

_

-

-

3

-

“

-

-

“

-

■

"

2 2

Data lim ited to m en w orkers except .where otherw ise indicated.
Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts.
W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 . 80, 12 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1 .
W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 . 80, 4 at $ 0 . 80 to $ 0 . 90, 11 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1.
Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities.
Includes a ll d rivers r e g a rd le ss of size and type of truck operated.

8

3

4
4

8

4

“

“

-

-

4
4

2

~

5

3

5

3

1

18

4
4

4
4

1
-

3
3

16

*

"

6

3
3

150
14
136

26

4

5

19

264
150
114

43
42

31
29
-

138

6
6

146

2

68

49

47

!

5

5

5
5

-----------

-

5

7

16

_
1
1

4
4

19

_

3
3

30

1

3
1

4
4

2
1
2
22
2
22
22
2 1
1

57
55

_

12

-

1
-

7
7

3
2
_
-

_

-

-

-

1
"

-

10
9
9

_

-

-

“

-

-

3

-

-

-

3

_

"

“

“

“

“

29

47

58

6
6

5

“

1
1

5

7
7

66
66

6
6

"

4

11

4

“

58

2
2

28

60
60

-

_
4

-

12
2
1

36
36

"

-

"

56
54

3

9

2. 43
2. 40

_

152
152

3

"

151

_

_
-

53

52
54
4

H

_

"

_
-

-

_

-

1

_

"

1

23

2
16 26
11
6 21 2
2 2 66 1
1 2

-

_

_

214

34
34

_




over

92
92

_

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. 00

"

_

81

2 . 90

12
12

_

1.

2 . 80

3. 00
and

_

_

35

$

-

_

Watchmen ------------------------------------------------------------------

$
2 .9 0

_

2. 32

T ru ck ers, power (father than forklift)
— ----M an ufactu ring---------------- ----------------------- —

$
2 . 80

-

10 10
10
6
1
2
2
1 2 1
1 8
1
10
1
12
6 8 20
6 6
12
1
16
6 6
2
2 1
2 1
6
6
1
6
10
106

18
4
14

3
7

7
7

379

2. 36

2. 70

3 15

T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons,
------------------------------------tra iler type) -------Manufacturing
-------------- ---------------------------

80

$

“

-




9

Appendix:

Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the B u rea u s wage surveys is to a s s is t its
field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll
titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is
essen tia l in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content.
Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the
Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those
prepared for other purposes in applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are
instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers,
part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

O F F IC E

B IL L E R , MACHINE

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R

Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May a lso keep records as
to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work inciden­
tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine,
are c la ssified by type of machine, as follow s:

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott
Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with­
out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of bu sin ess transactions.

B ille r , machine (b illin g m achine) — U se s a sp ecia l billing ma­
chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, e t c ., which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in­
voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders,
shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede­
termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary
extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma­
chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of carton copies
of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.
B ille r , machine (bookkeepin g m achine)— U ses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’
b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in­
volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger
record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a num­
ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto­
matically the debit or credit balan ces. D oes not involve a knowl­
edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of
sa le s and credit slip s.




C la s s A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of
and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with
the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter­
mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to
be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated re­
ports, balance sh eets, and other records by hand.
C la s s B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or section s
of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic
bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, pay­
roll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing
described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense d is­
tribution, inventory control, etc.
May check or a s s is t in prep­
aration of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the a c­
counting department.

C LE R K ,

ACCOUNTING

C la s s A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c­
countant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s of a
complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an e s ­
tablishment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and

10

CLERK , ACCOUNTING— Continued

C LE R K , P A Y R O L L

balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv­
able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch­
ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex ­
perience in making proper assignations and allocation s.
May
a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal entries; may
direct c la ss B accounting clerks.

Class B

— Under supervision, performs one or more routine
accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers,
accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled
by general ledgers.
This job does not require a knowledge of
accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in
which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func­
tional basis among several workers.

Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces­
sary data on the payroll sh eets. Duties involve: Calculating workers*
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data
on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May
make out paychecks and a s sist paymaster in making up and distrib­
uting pay en velopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOM ETER O P E R A T O R
Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe­
matical computations.
This job is not to be confused with that of
statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of
a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to
performance of other duties

DUPLICATING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R (MIMEOGRAPH O R D ITTO )
C LE R K , FILE

Class A —

Responsible for maintaining an established filing
system . C la ssifie s and indexes correspondence or other material;
may also file this material. May keep records of various types
in conjunction with file s or supervise others in filing and locating
material in the file s . May perform incidental clerical du ties.

Class B

— Performs routine filing, usually of material that
has already been cla ssifie d , or locates or a s s is ts in locating ma­
terial in the file s . May perform incidental clerical duties.

C LE R K , ORDER
R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by
phone, or personally.
Duties involve
Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet
listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities
of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de­
partments to be filled.
May check with credit department to deter­
mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from
customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep
file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original
orders.
mail,

following:




any combination of the

Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon­
sib ilitie s, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten
matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjust­
ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is
not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used
sten cils or Ditto masters.
May sort, co llate, and staple completed
material.

KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R
Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­
b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards
by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence,
using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following
written information on records.
May duplicate cards by using the
duplicating device attached to machine. May keep file s of punch
cards. May verify own work or work of others.

O FFIC E BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands,
operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening
and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.

11

SE C RE TAR Y

SWITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IST

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an
administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint­
ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and
making phone c a lls ; handling personal and important or confidental
mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking
dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand
or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or th erecorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine.
May pre­
pare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single
tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may
type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular du ties.
typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's
while at switchboard.

TABULAT1NG-MACHINE

STENOGRAPHER, GEN ERAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a
normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type­
writer.
May a lso type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep
files in order, keep simple records, etc. D oes not in clu de transcribingmachine work (se e transcribing-machine operator).

posi­
also
This
time

OPERATOR

Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates
information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans­
lated data on forms or accounting records; se ts or adjusts machine;
does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice
or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts
machine.
May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in a d ditio n ,
operate auxiliary machines.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R , G E N E R A L

STENOGRAPHER, TECH N ICAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a
varied technical or specialized vocabulary such a s in legal briefs or
reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a
typewriter. May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep
files in order, keep simple records, e tc. D oes not in clu d e tran scribin g-

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal
routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type
from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing
dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such
as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A
worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar
machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general.

machine work .

SWITCHBOARD O P E R A TO R
TYPIST

Duties

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard.
involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office

c a lls. May record toll ca lls and take m e ssa g es. May give information to
persons who c a ll in,, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers
who a lso act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.




U ses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to
make out b ills after calculations have been made by another person.
May do clerical work involving little special training, such a s keeping
simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing
incoming mail.

12

T Y P IS T — Continued

T Y P IS T — Continued

C la s s A — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma­
terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying
from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied
use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy;
combining material

from several

sources, or planning

layout of

complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance

in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type
routine form letters, varying details to suit circum stances.

C la s s B — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing from
relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance
p o lic ie s, e tc ., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying
more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

P R O F E S S IO N A L AN D T E C H N IC A L

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued

(A ssistan t draftsman)
writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or
Draws to sca le units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts­
man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes.

specifications* May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare

U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings

detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently
in a specialized field such as architectural, electri'cal, mechanical, or

from simple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction
of a draftsman.

structural drafting.

DRAFTSMAN, LE A D E R

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED )

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep­
aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary
sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties
involve a combination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es,
and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the
premises of a factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combina­
tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to

duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif­
ficult problems. May a s s is t subordinates during emergencies or as a

subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients
treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes;

regular assignment, of perform related duties of a supervisory or ad­

conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants

ministrative nature.

and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other
activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of a ll personnel.

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from n otes, rough
or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur­
p o ses.

Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g :

TRACER

Preparing work­

involved in strength of materials, beams and tru sses; verifying com­

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac­
ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pen cil. U ses
T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw­

pleted work, checking dim ensions, materials to be used, and quantities;

ings and do simple lettering.

ing plans, detail drawings, maps, c r o s s -s e c tio n s , e tc ., to sca le by use
of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those




13

M A IN T E N A N C E

D POWERPLANT

C A R P E N T E R , MAINTENANCE

FIREMAN, STATIO N ARY B O IL ER

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main­
tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs,
counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, ca sin g s, and trim
made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g :
Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or
verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenters handtools, portable
power to o ls, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop
computations relating to dimensions of work; selectin g materials nec­
essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. F eeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, g a s, or oil burner; checks water and safety
v a lv es. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipment.

E L E C T R IC IA N , MAINTENANCE
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is­
tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work
involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety
of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards,
controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s,
or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay­
out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c ­
trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to
load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of
electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen­
eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATION ARY
Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation
of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup­
ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera­
tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining
equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors
turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and
boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of
operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a lso
supervise these operations. Head or c h ie f engin eers in establish m en ts

em ploying more than one engineer are e xclu d e d .




H E L P E R , TR A D E S, MAINTENANCE
A s s is t s one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing specific or general duties of lesser sk ill, such as keeping
a worker supplied with materials and to o ls; cleaning working area, ma­
chine, and equipment; assistin g worker by holding materials or too ls;
performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of
work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In
some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma­
terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per­
mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts ot a trade
that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time b a sis.

MACHINE-TOOL O P E R A T O R , TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes,
or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop too ls, gauges,
jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring
complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre­
cision measuring instruments; selecting fe ed s, sp eed s, tooling and op­
eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to
achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog­
nize when tools need dressing, to dress to o ls, and to sele ct proper
coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study
purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops
are excluded from this cla ssification .

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of
metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work
involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and
sp ecifica tio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma­
chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and

14

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued

MILLWRIGHT— Continued

operating standard machine to o ls; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolera n ces; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work,
tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop­
erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, parts, and
equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me­
chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires
a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

are required. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying
out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a
variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re­
lating to str e sse s, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard too ls, equipment, and parts
to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission
equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill­
wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the
trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (M AINTENANCE)
Repairs automobiles, bu ses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s ­
tablishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and
performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting
v a lv es; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle
and making necessary adjustments; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and
lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive
mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishm ent.
Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan­
ic a l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is ­
mantling macnines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of
handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken o r defective
parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace­
ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop
for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or
for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma­
ch ines; and making a ll necessary adjustments for operation. In general,
the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex­
perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssification are workers
whose primary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines.

MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
in sta lls machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout




O IL E R
Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur­
fa ce s of mechanical equipment of an establishm ent.

PA IN T E R , MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates w a lls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es­
tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu­
liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing
surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in
nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May
mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper
color or con sisten cy. In general, the work of the maintenance painter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, g a s, or other types of pipe and
pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g :
Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings
or other written specification s; cutting various s iz e s of pipe to correct
lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma­
chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ie s; bending pipe by hand-driven
or power-driven machines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening
pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures,
flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specification s- . In general, the work of the
maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex­
perience. Workers prim arily engaged in in sta llin g and repairing building

sa n itatio n or heating system s are e x clu d e d .

15

T O O L AND DIE MAKER

PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good orde*\
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of
vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and
fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In
general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv­
alent training and experience.

SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, in sta lls, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
sh elv es, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an
establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay­
ing out a ll types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models,
or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of
sheet-metal-working m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting,
bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sh eetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance
sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

(Diem aker; jig maker; toolm aker: fixture maker; gauge maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix­
tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work
involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from
models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s;
using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas­
uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common
metals and a llo ys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related
equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions
of work, speed s, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal
parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve
required qu alities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assem bling
of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow an ces; selecting appropriate
materials, too ls, and pro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s
work requires a rounded training inm acnine-shop and toolroom practice
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tio n .

C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T

E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , PASSENGER

JANITOR, P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R — Continued

Transports passengers between floors of an office building*
apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishm ent.
Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as
those of starters and janitors are excluded.

or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g :
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips,
trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish­
ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte­
nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers
who specialize in window washing are excluded.

GUARD
Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,
maintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary. In clu d e s gate-

men who are sta tio n ed at gate and ch eck on id e n tity o f em ployees and
other persons entering.
JANITOR, P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
and washrooms, or premises of an o ffice, apartment house, or commercial




LA B O R E R , M ATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store,
or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the fo llo w ­
in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or

16

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued

from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d ev ic e s; unpacking, shelv­
ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans­
porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow.

Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded .
ORDER FILLER

For wage study purposes, workers are c la ssifie d as follow s:

Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKDRIVER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, customers
orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi­
cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi­
tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm
other related duties.

9

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma­
terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab­
lishments such a s : Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,
wholesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishments
and custom ers’ houses or places of b u sin ess. May a lso load or unload
truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep
truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers

are excluded.

PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being
dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number of units to be packed, the
type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the
placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f
the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify
content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting
enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent
breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying lab els or
entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssifie d by size
and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on
the b asis of trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately)
Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons)
Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)
TRUCKER, POWER

boxes or crates are excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon­
sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping
work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes,
available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the
goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, posting weight and shipping
charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in
preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri­
fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against
b ills of lading, in v o ices, or other records; checking for shortages and
rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de­
partments; maintaining necessary records and file s .




Operates a manually controlled g a so lin e- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of a ll kinds about a
warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent.
For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d
truck, as follow s:

by type of

Trucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)
WATCHMAN
Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illeg a l entry.
☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 O - 583939

Occupational Wage Surveys
Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I96 0 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be
purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sa le s offices shown on the
inside front cover.
A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional an a lysis, w ill be issued early in 1962.

Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N . M ex.— B ull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—E aston ,
P a.—N.J.— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285-

Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285* * Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15
Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285-31
Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29
Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C.— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14
Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285* * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11
Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285“
❖ * Dallas, T ex .— Bull. 1285-21
* * Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.—
Bull. 1285-16
Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285-27
Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285*
Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Fort Worth, T ex .— Bull. 1285-23

* Green Bay, W is.— Bull. 1285-2
Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T e x .— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— BulL 1285-28
Jackson, M i s s .— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -3 0
* Kansas City, M o.—K a n s.— Bull. 1285-18
Lawrence—Haverhill, M a ss.—N .H .— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -6
L os A n ge les—Long Beach, C a lif.— Bull. 1285L o u isv ille, K y .—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, T e x .— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N .H .— B ull. 1285-1
Memphis, T enn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, W is.— Bull. 1285M inneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J .— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport N ew s—
Hampton, V a .— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma C ity, O k la.— Bull. 1 28 5 -3
* * Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13
Paterson—Clifton—P a ssa ic , N .J .— Bull. 1285* * Philadelphia, P a .— Bull. 128 5 -2 4
Phoenix, A riz .— Bull. 1285-

Pittsburgh, P a .— Bull. 1285* Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19
Portland, Oreg.—W ash.— B ull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I .—M a ss.— B ull. 1285”
❖ ❖ R aleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -5
Richmond, V a .— Bull. 1 28 5 -2 6
Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285* * S t . L ou is, M o .-I l l .— Bull. 1285-10
Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1 28 5 -3 2
San Antonio, T e x .— Bull. 1285* San Bernardino—R iverside—Ontario,
C a lif.— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -4
San F rancisco—Oakland, C a lif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, G a .— Bull. 1285**S cra n to n , P a .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -8
* * Seattle, Wash___ Bull. 1 2 8 5 -7
* * * S i o u x F a lls, S. D ak.— Bull. 1285-17
South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J .— Bull. 1285-25
❖ ❖ Washington, D .C .- M d .- V a .— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -2 2
Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285* Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20
* * Wichita, K an s.— Bull. 1 2 8 5 -9
* * Wilmington, D e l.—N .J .— Bull. 128 5 -1 2
Worcester, M a ss.— Bull. 1285York, P a .— Bull. 1285-

An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and
price of the bulletin.
Please do not order copies in advance.

♦
❖ ❖
*❖ *




Price, 20 cents.
Price, 25 cents.
Price, 15 cents.