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Occupational Wage Survey JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI FEBRUARY I960 Bu letin No. 1265-26 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Cla0u«, Com«ntsskm«r Occupational Wage Survey JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI FEBRUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-26 A pril 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU O F LA BO R STATISTICS Ew an Clagu e, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents (e Contents Preface Page T he C om m u n it y W a ge S u r v e y P r o g r a m In tr oduction The B ureau of L a b o r Statis tic s r e g u l a r l y conducts a r e a w i d e w ag e s u r v e y s in a number of im p o rta n t in d u s tr ial c e n te r s . The stu dies, m ade f r o m late f a l l to e a r l y s p rin g, r e l a t e to occupational earnings and r e l a t e d s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t is a v a i l a b l e on c o m p le t io n of the study in each a r e a , u s u all y in the month f o l l o w i n g the p a y r o l l p e r i o d studied. This b ull etin p r o v i d e s ad ditional data not included in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c on so lid ate d a n a ly t ic a l b ull etin s u m m a r i z i n g the r e s u lt s of a l l of the y e a r ’ s s u r v e y s is issued a f t e r c o m p le t io n of the fin a l a r e a b ull etin f o r the c u r r e n t round of s u r v e y s . T ab les: This r e p o r t was p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in A tla n ta, Ga. , by Donald C r u s e , under the d i r e c tion of L ou is B. W o ytyc h , R e g i o n a l W a g e and Ind u s trial R e lation s A n a ly s t. B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1. E s ta b lis h m en ts and w o r k e r s with in s cop e of s u r v e y ------------------ 2 A: O ccupational e a r n i n g s : * A - 1. O f f ic e occupations ---------------------------------------------------------A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ica l occup ations --------------------------A - 3. M ain ten ance and p o w e r p la n t occup ations ------------------------A-4. C usto d ial and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t occup ations --------------- 4 5 6 7 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w ag e p rovision s:* B -1. Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s -----------------------------------------------------------B - 2 . M in im u m entr an ce s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ---B -3. Scheduled w e e k l y h o u r s -------------------------------------- -----------B-4. P a id holid ays -----------------------------------------------------------------B -5. P a i d v a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------B - 6 . Health , in s u ran ce , and pensio n plans ----------------------------- 8 9 9 10 11 13 A p p e nd ix: O ccup ational d e s c r ip tio n s -------------------------------------------------- * N O T E : S i m i l a r tabulations f o r these and ot her ite m s a r e a v a i l a b l e in the r e p o r ts f o r s u r v e y s in ot her m a j o r a r e a s . A d i r e c t o r y ind icatin g date of study and the p r i c e of the r e p o r t s is a v a i l a b l e upon req u e s t . Union s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e of p r e v a i l i n g pay l e v e l s , a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r the f o l l o w i n g tr a d e s or in d u s trie s : B u i l d ing c on struction, p rin tin g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t op e r atin g e m p l o y e es, and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s . iii 15 Occupational Wage Survey—Jackson, Miss. Introduction T his area is one of se v e r a l im portant in dustrial cen ters in which the U. S. D epartm ent of L ab or’ s B ureau of Labor S ta tistic s has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage b en efits on an areaw ide b a s is . In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v isits of B ureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts within six broad industry d ivisions: M anufacturing; tra n sp o rta tio n ,1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from these stu dies are governm ent operations and the con struction and extractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted also b ecau se they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d iv isio n s. T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis because of the u n n ecessary co st involved in surveying a ll esta b lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um c o st, a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim a tes b ased on the estab lish m en ts studied are presen ted , th erefo re, as r e lating to all estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cept for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selec te d for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sifica tio n is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties w ithin the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice cle r ic a l; (b) p ro fessio n a l and techn ical; (c) m ain te nance and powerplant; and (d) cu stod ial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w o rk ers, i. e . , those h ired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational cla ssific a tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eeken ds, holid ays, and late sh ifts. N onproduction b onu ses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incen tive earn in gs are included. Where w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occu p ation s, referen ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which stra ig h t-tim e sa la r ie s are paid; average w eekly earnings for th ese occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are presen ted sep arately for selec te d occupations in which both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and wom en in th ese occupations are la rg ely due to (1) d ifferen ces in the d istribution of the sex es am ong in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ssifie d within the sam e su rvey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la r ie s are adjusted on this b asis. Longer average se r v ic e of m en would re su lt in higher average pay when both se x e s are em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in th ese su rveys are u su ally m ore g en era lized than those used in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces am ong estab lish m en ts in sp ecific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally su rveyed . B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational stru ctu re among esta b lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T h ese d ifferen ces in o ccu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accu racy of the ea rn ings data. E stab lish m en t P ra c tic es and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary b en efits as they r e late to office and plant w o rk ers. The term "office w o rk ers, " as used in this b ulletin, includes working su p erv iso rs and non su p ervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related fun ction s, and exclu d es adm in istr a tiv e , ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l -personnel. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all n on su p ervisory w orkers (including lea d 1 R ailroad s, fo rm erly excluded from the scope of th ese stu d ies,m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istrative, have been added in n ea rly all of the area s to be studied during the ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l em p lo y ees, and force-a cco u n t con stru ction w inter of 1959-60; ra ilroad s w ill be added in the rem aining area s next em p loyees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded . y ear. F or scope of su rvey in this a rea, see footnote to "transporta C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u s tion, com m unication, and other public u tilities" in table 1. tries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing ind u stries. 2 T A B L E 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in J a c k s o n , In d u s try d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y M i s s . , 1 b y m a j o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in scope o f s tu d y 3 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y S tu d ie d S tu d ie d T o t a l4 O ffic e P la n t T o ta l4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 132 77 19, 100 3, 5 0 0 12, 300 14, 7 5 0 M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 -------------------------------------------------------------W h o le s a le tr a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------R e ta il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ---------------------------------------S e r v i c e s 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 51 48 84 28 49 8, 0 00 11, 100 7 00 2, 800 6, 200 6, 100 6, 330 8, 4 2 0 51 51 51 51 51 13 16 29 14 12 11 8 13 9 8 8 00 1, 5 00 3, 360 670 1, 8 00 1, 390 1, 200 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 500 2 00 100 7 00 7 00 (M (6) (6) (6) (* ) (6) (6 ) ( 6) 1 T h e J a c k s o n M e t r o p o l it a n A r e a (H in d s C o u n t y ). T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e i n c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n ot in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d i t io n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l is h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t io n ( u s e d in th e B u r e a u 's l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) a r e th e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l is h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e ( w h o l e s a l e o r r e t a il ) t o m a n u fa c t u r i n g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s t o th e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i z e li m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e s , a n d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 R a i l r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s i n c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h is i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in th e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a lt h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f d a ta . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fi t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 3 The sum m ary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge m en ts, excluding inform al plans w hereby tim e off with pay is granted at the d iscretio n of the em p loyer. Separate estim a tes are provided according to em ployer p ractice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percent of annual earn in gs, or fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations of vacation allow an ces, paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w ere converted; for exam p le, a paym ent of 2 percen t of annual earnings w as co n sid ered as the equ ivalent of 1 w eek 1s pay. Data are presen ted for a ll h ealth , in su ran ce, and pension plans for which at le a st a part of the c o st is borne by the em p lo yer, excepting only leg a l req u irem en ts such as w ork m en 's com p ensation and so cia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a co m m ercia l insuran ce com pany and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of cu rren t operating funds or from a fund se t asid e for this purpose. Death b en efits are included as a form of life in su ran ce. S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined ca sh paym ents are m ade d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a sis during illn e s s or accident d isab ility. Inform ation is p resen ted for all such plans to which the em ployer con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New York and New J e r se y , which have enacted tem porary d isab ility insuran ce law s which require e m ployer co n trib u tio n s,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) co n tributes m ore than is leg a lly req u ired , or (Z) provides the em ployee with b en efits which ex ceed the req u irem en ts of the law . Tabulations of paid sic k -le a v e plans are lim ited to form al p la n s5 w hich provide full pay or a proportion of the w ork er's pay during absence from work because of illn e s s . Separate tabulations are provided accord ing to (l) plans which provide full pay and no w aiting period, and (2) plans providing eith er partial pay or a w aiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of w ork ers who are provided sick n e ss and accident insuran ce or paid sick lea v e, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who re ceiv e eith er or both types of b en efits. C atastrophe in su ran ce, so m etim es referred to as .exten d ed m ed ical in su ran ce, inclu des those plans which are d esign ed to p rotect em p loyees in ca se of sick n e ss and injury involving ex p en ses beyond the norm al co verage of h osp italization , m ed ica l, and su rg ica l plans. M edical insuran ce re fe rs to plans providing for com p lete or partial paym ent of d octors' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m er cia l insuran ce com panies or nonprofit organ ization s or they m ay be self-in su r ed . T abulations of retirem en t pen sion plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents for the rem ainder of the w o rk er's life . An estab lish m en t was co n sid ered as having a policy if it m et eith er of the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated late sh ifts at the tim e of the su rvey, or (2) had form al p ro vision s coverin g late sh ifts. 3 Scheduled w eekly hours for office w orkers (first sectio n table B -3 ) in su rveys m ade prior to late 1957 and ea rly 1958 w ere p resen ted in term s of the proportion of w om en office w orkers e m ployed in o ffices with the indicated w eekly hours for w om en w o rk ers. 4 The tem porary d isab ility law s in C a lifo rn ia and Rhode Island do not require em p loyer con trib u tion s. 5 An estab lish m en t w as co n sid ered as having a form al plan if ofit estab lish ed at le a st the m inim um num ber of days of sick leave that could be expected by each em p lo yee. Such a plan need not be w ritten , but inform al sic k -le a v e a llow an ces, d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is , w ere excluded. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to m anufacturing in d u stries. This inform ation is presented both in term s of (a) esta b lish m en t policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant w orker em p loy m ent, and (b) effectiv e p ra ctice, presented on the b a sis of w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ecified sh ift at the tim e of the su rvey. In estab lish m en ts having varied d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m ajority w as used o r, if no am ount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sifica tio n "other" was u sed . In estab lish m en ts in which som e la te sh ift hours are paid at norm al ra tes, a d ifferential was record ed only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lish m en ts v isited . They are presen ted on an estab lish m en t, rather than on an em ploym ent b a sis. P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in su ran ce, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m a jority of such w orkers are elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify for the p ra ctices liste d . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m ajority are c o v e r e d .3 B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal to ta ls. The fir s t part of the paid holidays table p resen ts the num b er of whole and half holidays actually provided. The secon d part com b ines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-l. Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I96 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage N um ber of workers S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d i v is i o n W eekly j hours (Standard) W eekly j earnings (Standard) $ 4 0. 00 and under Under to . 00 I s . 00 l o . 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 i o . 00 1 5 .0 0 l o . 00 $ 7 5 .0 0 l o . 00 I 5 .O O 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 A Q .0 0 6 5. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 JS 5.00 90^00 4 4 4 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 1 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 5 3 _ 2 _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - 5 1 4 4 - _ - _ 2 - 2 2 - 4 - 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ $9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 10 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 120. 00 . 9 5 , 00 _ 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 110. 00 H 5 .0 0 120. 00 over | o . 00 and 4 5 . 00 C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________ 29 15 40. 0 4 0 .0 $ 9 2 . 00 94. 00 C le r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s B N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 29 20 40. 5 40. 5 7 7. 00 7 4. 50 - C le r k s , o r d e r _______________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________ 56 18 38 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 7 6. 00 7 4. 00 _ _ - - 2 - 7 7 . 00 - - 2 O ffic e b o y s ----------------- -----------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________ 17 17 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 57. 50 57. 50 _ 4 4 4 1 - - - - - . _ . _ 7 - 8 1 1 2 - 3 3 _ 4 1 1 3 2 9 - 5 2 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 9 3 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 _ 3 3 _ _ 4 4 _ _ 13 7 7 9 6 1 1 8 8 - - - - - - _ 3 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 _ _ _ _ _ . - 5 3 4 “ " _ 1 B i ll e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) ______ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------------- 47 42 38. 5 38. 5 58. 00 58. 00 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e ) N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------- 18 17 40. 0 40. 0 5 3. 00 52. 50 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________ 27 16 40. 0 40. 0 1 6 2 .5 0 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------- 75 40. 0 40. 0 49. 50 48. 00 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 75. 76. 75. 82. 3 3 -■ _ ! 4 - ! 4 _ i 6 6 !1 11 10 _ _ 5 9 . 50 - 9 6 3 8 7 10 1 9 1 6 4 * - - - 2 2 _ 2 _ 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 _ _ _ . _ _ _ . - 4 3 - - - - - - - 6 3 3 9 2 7 9 5 4 3 10 2 8 1 15 3 12 8 1 7 7 2 - 5 3 2 1 1 - _ . _ 2 1 - _ _ _ 1 9 6 3 1 - 2 - - - - - 49 1 48 6 1 2 _ _ _ _ 6 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 C l e r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A _______________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ---------------------------------C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B --------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ..............................................— N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------C le r k s , f i l e , 69 75 26 - 49 15 39. 0 _ - : ! 24 24 29 29 _ _ _ _ - - - - 50 00 50 50 - - - - - - 5 8. 00 _ 26 58 1 7 20 2 - 5 53 55 2 36 - 56 6 50 53 29 18 _ 3 3 6 2 4 4 5 5 ; 1 309 31 278 39. 0 40. 0 39. 0 60. 50 57. 50 3 9 .5 5 6. 00 cla s s A ----------------------------------- 15 C le r k s , f i le , c l a s s B N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------_______________________ 65 38. 5 46. 00 65 38. 5 4 6 . 00 25 - 1 - . . - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 C le rk s , o r d e r ----------------------------------------------- 15 40. 0 58. 00 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------- 49 37 3 9 .5 66. 50 6 5 . 00 C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------------------- 34 34 40. 0 53. 50 5 3 . 50 K e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------- 60 44 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 5 7 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 39. 0 40. 0 4 4 1 _ - _ - _ j 30 30 21 - - ■ - - ! 7 1 1 1 3 2 _ 1 _ _ _ 4 4 i 9 8 ! 4 6 1 2 2 2 10 8 5 4 3 1 1 1 2 2 - - - ' 1 1 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - - - * - 5 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 i 1 j 1 1 3 7 i 4 , 19 6 i 4 ! ™ 6 n 10 6 i n 3 1 See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le , - 1 1 n 3 20 14 | 3 1 _ _ _ - - _ _ - 1 . 5 Table A-1. O ffice O ccupations-Continued (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Jackson, M is s ,, February I960) 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 16 at $ 30 to $ 35; 8 at $ 35 to $ 4 0 . Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , J a c k s o n , M is s . , F e b r u a r y I960) n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t -t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s o f — Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n N um ber of workers $ W eekly, W eekly , 55. 00 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) un d er $ $ 60. 00 65. 00 60. 00 - 6 5 ,0 0 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 $ 85. 00 $ 9 0 . 00 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 _ 1 5 4 3 1 2 _ 1 _ $ $ S $ 9 5. 00 100. 00 105. 00 n o . oo 105. 00 110. 00 115. 00 120. 00 M en D r a ft s m e n , s e n io r ________________________________________ 26 40. 0 $ 9 3 . 50 D r a ft s m e n , ju n io r ________________________________________ 19 40. 0 64. 50 1 6 9 3 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 3 5 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e se w e e k ly h o u r s . Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n N um ber of workers A verage hourly . $ 1. 10 ea rn in gs1 and u n d er 1. 20 $ 1 . 20 $ 1. 30 1. 30 1 .4 0 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 23 $ 2 .4 8 2 .4 4 " " E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y ---------------- --------------------------------------- 16 2. 07 2 2 M a c h i n i s t s , m a in t e n a n c e ---------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------- ------------------------------- 29 25 2 .4 6 2 .4 4 " M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o tiv e (m a in t e n a n c e )_________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ------------------------------------------ 83 69 56 2. 13 2. 17 2. 19 1 1 “ M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e ------------ -------- -----------M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ 62 57 2. 20 2. 14 $ 1. 50 1. 50 1. 60 _ _ _ ■ _ " $ 1. 60 1. 70 _ 2 - 3 “ - — 6 6 - ; 9 9 $ $ 1. 70 1 .8 0 1. 80 1. 90 $ $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 ~ 1. 90 ~ 1 1 " 5 5 1 1 ■ _ 2 _ _ 1 2 1 " " ■ ■ 3 3 3 2 2 7 6 4 20 19 19 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 “ 2 2 7 7 . " 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . $ 1 .4 0 _ i 1 1 $ 2 .4 0 2. 50 $ 2. 50 2. 60 $ 2. 60 2. 70 $ 2 .7 0 2. 80 $ 2 .8 0 and over 2 2 8 8 1 1 4 4 3 1 2 _ 1 1 2 3 1 2 " 4 4 - 15 15 15 _ . 4 16 ~ 16 4 3 ~ 1 ~ 2 2 5 4 4 5 3 3 7 7 7 7 4 3 6 6 10 10 - Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s elected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , Jackson, M is s ., F eb ru ary I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Average hourly earnings L $ U n der 0 . 60 and $ u n d er 0 . 60 . 70 E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n ) -----------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 58 58 $ 0 . 58 . 58 3 39 39 4 4 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) -------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 5 ____________________________ 259 85 174 21 1. 03 1 .2 9 . 91 1. 36 4 30 6 30 - - 6 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) --------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 66 54 . 80 . 74 6 20 20 12 12 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g -------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------- --------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 4 09 302 107 1. 25 1. 21 1. 36 _ - O r d e r f i l l e r s ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------- 97 83 1. 22 1. 21 _ R e c e iv in g c l e r k s ----------------------------------- ---------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 2.8 18 1 .4 1 1. 33 ----- 20 1. 84 Shippin g and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s ------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 42 16 26 1. 88 2. 24 1. 66 T r u c k d r iv e r s 7 -------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 5 ------------------------------------------- 373 180 193 75 T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d e r l V 2 t o n s ) -------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------------- 83 53 1. 07 1. 06 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m ( l V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 t o n s ) ----------------- ------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------------- 89 50 1 .4 6 1. 65 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) ________________________ — M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------- 71 62 1. 31 1. 30 W a t c h m e n _____________________________________ ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------- ---------------- 67 50 17 1. 23 1. 25 1. 16 S h ippin g c l e r k s ------------------------------------------------ 1. 1. 1. 2. 61 38 82 61 - _ " i _ - $ 0. 70 . 80 . 90 1 . 00 $ 1 . 00 3 3 11 11 1 1 44 13 31 2 38 27 11 ! 3 6 9 9 - 11 11 51 51 8 . " _ 8 - - 16 7 4 4 - _ - 1 3 3 _ _ _ - - . _ - - _ _ _ % 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1. 50 - " - - " - - - - 2 2 2 2 - 2 " 2 2 . - _ - - - - _ - " 1 " _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ - - - - - - - . - 1 1 " - - 14 14 - _ _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - - _ 2 . _ - 6 4 _ 100 49 51 156 144 12 47 45 2 29 24 5 16 10 6 8 1 7 6 4 2 13 13 37 27 29 27 12 12 _ _ - " - 2 2 6 4 _ _ - - 6 4 2 - _ _ . _ 10 9 1 _ ~ 2 2 _ - 3 2 1 - 6 6 3 2 1 - _ _ - 2 _ 1 6 5 _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ - 3 1 2 5 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 5 3 2 1 1 “ 2 2 _ 2 2 " 1 1 " 5 1 4 - 2 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 1 14 14 1 25 12 13 11 1 1 - 62 62 62 _ - 1 1 1 1 - 9 9 8 8 4 2 2 76 76 - 6 4 2 “ - " - - 36 24 27 9 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 - - - 52 20 8 8 - - - 1 - 2 - 23 23 3 3 34 30 4 " 27 27 3 1 2 _ _ - - _ - - - - - 1 - _ _ - - - - 2 1 1 23 12 11 - 2. 70 15 12 3 - _ : 2 .4 0 - 6 6 _ J . 80 “ 3 3 _ - - _ 2 . 60 - 1 .7 0 5 _ 2 . 60 5 5 4 4 - 2. 50 - 19 9 10 - 2. 30 $ 8 8 88 59 29 - _ $ 2. 50 3 3 - 51 13 38 - - 2 . 20 $ $ 2. 30 2 .4 0 - 6 6 _ 2 . 10 2 . 20 $ " 3 3 " - 2 . 00 $2 . 10 7 1 4 4 - - 1. 90 2 . 00 $ - - - $ 1. 90 - “ . 1 . 80 $ 12 29 24 5 ! 12 _ 1 10 1. 50 _.1._60. - _ 1. 70 1 .4 0 1 1 _ $ 1 . 60 L30J - - $ 1 1 D ata li m it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 18 at $ 0. 30 to $ 0. 4 0 ; 1 3 at $ 0. 4 0 to $ 0. 50; 8 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60. W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 3 at $ 0. 30 to $ 0. 4 0; 25 at $ 0. 40 to $ 0. 50; 2 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60. T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 8 at $ 0. 4 0 to $ 0. 50; 12 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60. In clu d e s a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s i z e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . 1 . 20 1 - j_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $ - - _ 1 . 10 1 . 20 - . $ 1 . 10 - - _ 0 . 80 $ 0. 90 $ - 3 3 - ! _ - _ - - - - - - “ - 3 - - 1 1 5 4 - 1 1 - - - _ - - _ - - - - - 1 1 1 1 - _ - 6 6 1 1 - - 5 4 1 - - - " - - “ " 5 5 11 11 - - - - - - - - - - " .4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - ' - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 8 Table B-1. Shift Differentials ( P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r sh ift w o r k , and in e s t a b lis h m e n t s a c t u a lly o p e r a t in g la t e s h ift s b y ty p e and a m ou n t o f d i ff e r e n t ia l , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I9 6 0 ) In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — In e s t a b lis h m e n t s a c t u a lly o p e r a t in g — S hift d i ff e r e n t ia l S e c o n d sh ift w ork T ota l S e c o n d sh ift T h ir d o r o t h e r sh ift 7 1 .0 6 7 .4 19. 2 2. 8 __________________________ 63. 5 5 9 .9 17. 6 1 .4 —........................................ 58. 6 55. 0 1 5 .4 1 .4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------__________________________________________ —-------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 7 1 1 .6 2 8 .4 1. 1 8. 1 - .................. - ............................. ............................ ............. W ith sh ift p a y d i f f e r e n t ia l U n ifo r m c e n t s ( p e r h o u r ) 2 cen ts 4 cen ts 5 cen ts 6 ce n ts 7 cen ts 9 ce n ts 10 c e n t s 12 c e n t s T h ir d o r o t h e r sh ift w o r k .6 4. 1 --------------------------------------------- 4 .9 -------------------------------------------------------- U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e 10 p e r c e n t - 2 9 .4 1 9 .7 1 .2 .6 4. 1 N o s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t ia l -------------------------------------------- - . 1 2 .4 9. 1 . 3 3. 0 - .7 .6 . 1 . 1 .4 - 4 .9 2. 2 - 4. 9 4 .9 2. 2 - 7. 5 7. 5 1. 6 1 .4 1 I n c lu d e s e s t a b lis h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t in g la t e th ou g h t h e y w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t in g la t e s h ift s . s h ift s , - and e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la t e s h ift s e v e n 9 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers (D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s , J a c k s o n , M is s . , F e b r u a r y I96 0 ) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c t u r in g M in im u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1 A ll in d u s t r ie s B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d v/ e e k l y h o u r s 3 o f — A ll s c h e d u le s E s t a b li s h m e n t s s t u d i e d ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m ____________________ U n d e r $ 3 5 . 0 0 _______________________________________________________ $ 3 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 7 .5 0 ________________________________________ $ 37. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 4 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 4 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 7 . 50 ________________________________________ $ 4 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0 . 00 ________________________________________ $ 5 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 5 2 . 50 ________________________________________ $ 5 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5. 00 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 5 7 . 50 ________________________________________ $ 5 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 6 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 6 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------$ 6 2 . 50 a n d o v e r _______ __________________________________________ E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m -----------------------------E s t a b li s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n ot e m p l o y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 1 9 2 6 1 1 2 3 3 O th er in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g 40 28 XXX 9 3 1 A ll s c h e d u le s 49 M a n u fa c t u r in g A ll in d u s t r ie s A ll sc h e d u le s 40 XXX 12 _ 1 5 2 2 1 1 28 XXX 10 _ 4 1 10 4 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 _ 1 - 15 XXX 1 1 3 XXX XXX 29 XXX 34 3 3 3 - - 3 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 - 1 - 3 45 16 1 40 77 36 1 2 3 15 1 7 1 2 1 1 2 7 9 3 1 17 1 6 1 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g B a se d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d f o r h i r in g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . R a t e s a p p l i c a b l e t o m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n ot c o n s i d e r e d . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e - p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , A ll s c h e d u le s 40 49 XXX XXX 26 1 2 3 11 4 1 2 _ 2 4 18 1 1 9 2 1 2 _ 2 XXX XXX 19 XXX a n d f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k re p orted . Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I96 0 ) PLA N T W O RK ERS O F FICE W O R K E R S W e e k ly h o u r s A ll in d u stries 1 A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------35 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------37 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 7 V 2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s -----------------------------4 0 h o u r s --------------- ------------------------- -----------------------O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ______________________ 4 4 h o u r s --------------------- ----------------------------------------------4 5 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 5 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s ---------------------------------4 8 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------50 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 50 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------ l /z 100 (4 ) 21 8 62 1 4 2 1 1 (4 ) P u b lic u tilitie s 2 A ll in d u stries 3 100 100 100 100 _ _ _ . - 47 2 1 62 1 3 4 6 7 7 7 4 - - - M an u factu rin g 1 83 - 53 - - 7 1 5 3 - - " - M an u factu rin g 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 4 79 2 - 4 3 1 4 5 P u b lic u tilitie s 2 100 _ 95 5 - ■ 10 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item All industries * A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s ____________________________________ Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 86 91 84 14 9 16 2 1 3 10 2 4 14 - ' N um ber o f Manufacturing ' ' _ . days 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 h o l i d a y ---------------------------------------------------------------------h o l i d a y s ____________________ _______________________ h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------h o l i d a y s ------------------ ----------------------------------------------h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y -------------------------------------h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y -------------------------------------h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s ________________________ h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y -------------------------------------h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s ________________________ h o l i d a y s _____________________________________________ 8 h o l i d a y s _____________________________________________ 7 _ (4 ) 2 5 (4) 49 3 (4 ) 10 3 3 23 2 (4 ) 5 17 28 4 20 - 17 6 3 - - - - - - 3 - 29 1 20 1 4 13 2 13 2 36 8 8 - 2 19 20 40 41 70 70 80 83 85 86 3 18 18 54 56 70 70 84 88 91 91 - 8 12 77 3 - 9 7 68 ' Total holiday time5 8 d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------o r m o r e d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------6 V 2 o r m o r e d a y s _________ _______________________ 6 o r m o r e d a y s ------------------- -----------------------------------5 V 2 o r m o r e d a y s ----------------------------------------------------5 o r m o r e d a y s --------- ------------------------------------------------4 V 2 o r m o r e d a y s ___________________________________ 4 o r m o r e d a y s --------------------------------------------------------o r m o r e d a y s ______________________________________ o r m o r e d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------o r m o r e d a y s ______________________________________ 7 3 2 1 2 28 30 41 44 93 93 98 100 100 100 3 26 26 46 49 77 77 94 100 100 100 _ 77 89 97 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 5 A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f fu l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l o f 7 d a y s i n c lu d e s n o h a lf d a y s , 6 f u l l d a y s a n d 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 f u l l d a y s a n d 4 h a lf d a y s , a n d s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s w e r e th e n c u m u l a t e d . . 68 75 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 t h o s e w it h 7 fu l l d a y s a n d 11 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y i 960 ) OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------- A ll in d u str ie s 1 M an u factu rin g PLA N T W ORKERS P u b lic u tilitie s 2 AHin d u stries 3 M an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 100 100 - 86 75 11 - - - 91 81 8 2 - 100 100 - - " ■ 9 14 (5 ) 49 - 5 14 3 8 1 5 46 - - 2 70 19 - Method of paymont W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s ----------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ------------------------------P e rce n ta g e paym ent -------------------------------------F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t ------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ----------------------------------------------- - - - - - Amount of vocation p a y 4 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________________ 1 w eek ---------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------- _ (5) 55 1 17 (5) 32 67 2 41 57 _ 67 33 (5) - - (5) 11 3 85 2 20 _ 78 2 47 2 40 _ _ 8 12 80 49 5 32 28 _ 72 ( S) - - - - - - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------3 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 80 6 70 30 - - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________________ 1 w e e k ____________________ ___________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________ _ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n der 1 w eek _ 1 w eek --------------- -----------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________ _ 8 ( 5) 91 (5) _ _ . _ _ 100 2 35 2 52 _ 19 2 79 - 36 5 45 19 81 - - - - 9 _ 100 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________________ 1 w eek ______ - ______________________________________ 2 w eeks ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________ S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f ta b le , _ 5 91 3 _ 7 93 _ - 100 2 19 ' 70 77 12 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y i9 6 0 ) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W O RK ERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries * M anufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 Amount of vacation p a y 4— Continued A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 wfip.k _ ............ .. ... . _ 1 w e e k _________________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ _ _ 5 82 13 7 87 6 _ 5 29 65 _ _ 7 70 23 5 95 - 100 - _ 2 19 65 5 9 73 4 2 19 37 33 _ . 9 40 37 11 89 2 19 37 29 4 10 40 35 1 2 19 37 26 7 10 40 31 5 _ 100 - A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k _________________________________________ 1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ - _ A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------------------1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 4 w e e k s ________________________________________________ _ _ 5 29 61 4 7 70 20 3 _ _ 7 70 16 7 _ 5 95 - _ _ _ 11 80 9 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------------------1 w e e k ______ ___________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 4 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 s e r v ice 5 5 27 43 24 - 5 95 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b itr a r ily ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e f l e c t t h e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E : In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s t o a n e q u iv a le n t t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . _ _ 11 80 9 _ in d ic a t e d o rfla t-s u m p a y m e n ts , w ere at 10 years' co n v e rte d 13 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f i t s , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit A ll w o rk e r s --------------------- —------------------------------------- All industries 1 Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 76 88 64 55 86 65 37 88 33 23 86 76 76 87 61 62 84 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e in s u r a n c e —-------------------------------------------— A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u ra n ce ------------------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ---------------------------------------- S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ----------S ic k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------------- S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) ----------------------------------------- 33 47 28 38 37 33 45 35 21 9 2 14 14 11 47 18 24 36 H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e -----------------------------S u rg ica l in s u ra n ce ----------------------------------------M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ----------------------------------------N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n ----- 83 83 39 47 75 3 84 84 42 25 56 7 52 52 29 27 81 2 80 80 21 27 43 13 88 88 28 32 50 12 64 64 31 18 81 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k - l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h th e m in i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e .. I n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n a n in d iv i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . at l e a s t 15 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the B u re au s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is e ssen tial in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau’s field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. O FFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, m achine, are classified by type of m achine, as follow s: B iller machine (hilling m achine)— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, etc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m achine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping m achine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstraiid, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on, customers* ledger rec ord. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational C ash R egister, with or w ithout a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of b usiness tran sactio n s. , C lass A — Keeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. C lass B — K eeps a record of one or more phases or sectio n s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping- P h ases or sectio n s include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, m achine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sh eets for the accounting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete se t of books or records relating to one phase of an e sta b lish m ent's business tran sactio n s. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 16 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; exam ining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assig n ation s and allo catio n s. May a s s is t in preparing, ad justing and closing journal en tries; may direct c la ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting sim ple co st accounting d ata. T his job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional b asis among sev eral w orkers. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an estab lish ed filing system containing a num ber of varied su bject m atter file s, c la ssifie s and indexes co rres pondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super v ise others in filing and locating m aterial in the file s. May per form incidental clerical d u ties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of m aterial th at has already been classified or which is easily identifiab le, or lo cates or a s s is ts in locating m aterial in file s. May perform incidental clerical d u ties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives cu sto m ers'o rd ers for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. D uties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listin g the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; distributing order sh eets to respective departm ents to be filled. May check with credit departm ent to determ ine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Com putes w ages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh e e ts. D uties involve: C alculating w orkers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calcu lated data on payroll sh eet, showing inform ation such as w orker's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and d istrib u t ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform m athem a tic al com putations. This job is not to be confused with that of s ta tis tic al or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other du ties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, reproduces m ultiple copies of typew ritten or handw ritten m atter, using a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. Makes n ecessary adjustm ent such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare ste n c il or D itto m aster. May keep file of used ste n c ils or Ditto m asters. May sort, co llate, and staple com pleted m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, records accounting and sta tis tic a l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical keypunch m achine, following w ritten in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to m achine. May keep files of punch card s. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Perform s various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office m achines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerical work. 17 SECRETARY TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own in itia tiv e ; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For w orkers who also act as receptionists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptio nist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular du ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’s time w hile at sw itchboard. C lass A — O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Perform s com plete reporting assignm ents w ithout clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D oes not include working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. C lass B — O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter,,reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. C lass C— O perates sim ple tabulating or e lectrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied tech n ical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer, general. 18 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calcu latio n s have been made by another person. May in clude typing of s te n c ils , m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail. C lass A — Perform s one or more o f the follow ing: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources or responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , punc- tuation, e tc ., of tech n ical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tables to m aintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. C lass B — Perform s one or more o f the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear d rafts; routine typing of form s, insurance p o lic ie s, etc.; settin g up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tab les already se t up and spaced properly. PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER P lans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or a s a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail draw ings from n o tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing pur p o ses. D uties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, d etail draw ings, m aps, cro ss-sectio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sse s; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and q u an tities; w riting sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lin es and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing serv ice to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combina tion o f the follow ing: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. - TRACER Copies plans and draw ings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. U ses T -square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 19 MAINTENANCE D POW ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carp en ter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, g as, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e lec trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician 's handtools and measuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; assistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts ot a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S pecializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, speed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making n ecessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress too ls, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and sp ecific atio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma c h in ist's handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 20 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selecting standard m aterials, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, buses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Examining m achines and m echan ical equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten sp ecificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making all n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex* perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipm ent and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILI .WRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to stre sse s, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten specifications; cutting various siz es of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine whether finished pipes meet sp ecificatio n s. In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. 21 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F abricates, in stalls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and w ritten specificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued T ransports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police du ties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 22 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; trans porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshorem en who load and unload sh ip s are excluded. , ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receives and is respon sible for incom ing shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available m eans of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. R eceiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents against b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are c lassified as follows: R eceivin g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or ind u strial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various types of e sta b lishm ents such a s: M anufacturing p lants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and customers* houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s iz e s liste d separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium ( l lA to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled g aso lin e- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ainst fire, theft, and illeg al entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : I960 0 — 548073 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1961. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Cleveland, Ohio, September 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Canton, Ohio, December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-10, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-11, price 25 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents Dallas, Tex., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-3, price 20 cents Portland, Maine, November 1959——BLS Bull. 1265-12, price 20 cents Buffalo, N.Y*,'October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-4, price 20 cents Fort Worth, Tex., November 1959-—BLS Bull. 1265-13, price 25 cents St. Louis, Mo., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-5, price 25 cents Jacksonville, Fla., December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-14, price 25 cents Miami, Fla., December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-6, price 20 cents San Bernardino-Riverside—Ontario, Calif., November 1959— Baltimore, Md., September 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-7, price 15 cents BLS Bull. 1265-15, price 25 cents Boston, Mass., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-8, price 25 cents Dayton, Ohio, December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-9, price 25 cents