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O ccu p a tio n a l Wage S u rv e y S E A T T L E , W A S H IN G T O N A U G U ST 1 9 5 9 Bulletin N o . 1265-2 I I UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey S E A T T L E , W A S H IN G T O N A UG UST 1959 B u lle tin N o . 1 2 6 5 - 2 D e c e m b e r 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.$. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Preface Contents P age The C o m m u n ity The a re a w id e W age B u reau w age Su rvey P ro g ra m of L ab or su rveys S ta tistic s a num ber ce n ters. The re la te o cc u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s to b e n e fits. of th e th e A stu d ie s, in p re lim in a ry stu d y in each p a y ro ll p e rio d d ata not in c lu d e d a n a ly tica l y e a r 's in fo r th e is fro m la te and r e p o r t is area, stu d ie d . b u lle tin su rveys b u lle tin m ade th e cu rren t rou n d in th e b u lle tin e a r lie r after to p ro v id e s A re s u lts co m p le tio n of of 3 fo llo w in g p rep ared F ra n c isco , C a lif., th e d ire c tio n In d u stria l R e la tio n s of John L . o cc u p a tio n a l groups ---------------------------------- 1. E sta b lish m e n ts P ercen t changes a d d itio n a l and w o rk e rs in w ith in stan d ard scope w e e k ly o f s u r v e y ______ s a la rie s c o n so lid a te d c le r ic a l and s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s s e le c t e d p la n t o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , of fo r th e a ll of th e s e le c te d p e rio d s fo r 2 o ffice fo r ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 fin a l a r e a in th e by B u r e a u 's W illia m D ana, P . R e g io n a l re g io n a l O 'C o n n o r , W age and A n a ly s t. O c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s: * A - 1. O ffice o ccu p a tio n s A -2 . P ro fe ssio n a l and te c h n ic a l o ccu p a tio n s — A -3 . M a in te n a n c e and A -4 . C u sto d ia l __________________________ p o w e rp la n t o ccu p a tio n s and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s A p p e n d ix: ^ sO h rep ort w as San under s e le c te d su rv eys. T h is in fo r 2. A: o ffice tren d s T a b le s: sp rin g , co m p le tio n m on th rep o rt. th e e a rly on 1 W age co n d u cts in d u stria l su p p le m e n ta ry a v a ila b le su m m a rizin g is s u e d fa ll re la te d u s u a lly T h is re g u la rly of im p o rta n t I n t r o d u c t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _____________________________________________ O c cu p a tio n a l d e s c rip tio n s 8 _______________________________ 11 * N O T E : S i m i l a r ta b u la tio n s a r e a v a ila b le in th e S e a tt le a r e a re p o rts fo r S e p te m b e r 1951 and A u g u st of each y e a r s in ce 1956. ta b lish m e n t A M ost d ire c to ry as w e ll a v a ila b le upon U n io n m th e as rep o rts a lso in c lu d e su p p le m e n ta ry d ate of rep o rts stu d y fo r d ata w age and th e o th er on e s p ro v isio n s. p rice m a jo r of th e a rea s, is req u est. sca le s, are a v a ila b le in g co n stru ctio n , and and in d ic a tin g rep o rts, p lo y e e s, of p ra c tic e s fo r th e in d ica tiv e fo llo w in g p rin tin g , m o to rtru ck of p re v a ilin g trad es or lo c a l-tra n s it d riv e rs and pay le v e ls , in d u s trie s: B u ild o p e ra tin g h e lp e rs. e m Occupational W a ge Survey— Seattle, Wash. Introduction T h is a r e a is o n e o f s e v e r a l i m p o r t a n t in d u s t r i a l c e n t e r s in w h i c h th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r 's B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c ts s u r v e y s of o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la te d w a g e b e n e f its on a n a r e a b a s is . T h e b u lle tin p r e s e n t s c u r r e n t o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t an d e a r n i n g s i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d l a r g e l y b y m a i l f r o m th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s in th e l a s t p r e v i o u s s u r v e y f o r o c c u p a tio n s r e p o r te d in th a t e a r l i e r s tu d y . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s W e re m a d e to n o n r e s p o n d e n t s a n d to t h o s e r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t i n g u n u s u a l c h a n g e s s i n c e th e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h i n s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v is io n s : M a n u f a c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , 1 c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e ta i l tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g ro u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s a n d th e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r t h a n a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d a l s o b e c a u s e t h e y f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a ti o n s s t u d i e d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p ro v id e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d o n a s a m p l e b a s i s b e c a u s e o f th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o lv e d i n s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r i a t e a c c u r a c y a t m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of l a r g e th a n of s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s t u d i e d . In c o m b in in g th e d a t a , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e i g h t. E s t i m a t e s b a s e d on th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g a n d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e lo w th e m in i m u m s i z e s t u d i e d . O c c u p a t io n s a n d E a r n i n g s s i f i c a t i o n i s b a s e d o n a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to t a k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t i e s w i t h i n th e s a m e jo b . (S e e a p p e n d i x f o r l i s t i n g o f t h e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s . ) E a r n i n g s d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d (i n th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) f o r th e f o llo w in g t y p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : ( a ) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l; ( c ) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (d ) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . O c c u p a t io n a l e m p l o y m e n t a n d e a r n i n g s d a t a a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e in th e g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p re m iu m p a y f o r o v e rtim e a n d f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h if ts . N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d a l s o , b u t c o s t - o f liv i n g b o n u s e s a n d i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e i n c l u d e d . W h e re w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is to th e w o r k s c h e d u l e s (r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h ic h S t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a ti o n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . A v e r a g e e a r n i n g s of m e n a n d w o m e n a r e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in w h ic h b o th s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in p a y le v e ls of m e n a n d w o m e n in th e s e o c c u p a tio n s a r e l a r g e l y d u e to ( l ) d i f f e r e n c e s i n th e d i s t r i b u t i o n of th e s e x e s a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ; ( 2 ) d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d , a lt h o u g h th e o c c u p a ti o n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y c l a s s i f i e d w i t h in th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n ; a n d ( 3 ) d i f f e r e n c e s i n l e n g t h o f s e r v i c e o r m e r i t r e v i e w w h e n i n d iv i d u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d j u s t e d o n t h i s b a s i s . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u ld r e s u l t in h i g h e r a v e r a g e p a y w h e n b o t h s e x e s a r e e m p l o y e d w i t h i n th e s a m e r a t e r a n g e . Jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s i n t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d t h a n t h o s e u s e d i n i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to a ll o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e rfo rm e d . T h e o c c u p a ti o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s t u d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s - 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d f r o m th e sc o p e of th e s e s tu d ie s , h a v e b e e n a d d e d i n n e a r l y a l l o f th e a r e a s to b e s t u d i e d d u r i n g th e w i n t e r o f 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ; r a i l r o a d s w i l l b e a d d e d i n th e r e m a i n i n g a r e a s n e x t y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in t h i s a r e a , s e e f o o t n o te to " t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s * ' i n t a b l e 1 . O c c u p a t io n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l i n a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h in th e s c o p e o f th e s t u d y a n d n o t t h e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e of d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , th e e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n ly t o i n d i c a t e th e r e la ti v e im p o r ta n c e of th e jo b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . 2 T a b le 1. E s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e of su r v e y and n u m b er stu d ie d in S e a t tle , "Wash. , 1 by m a jo r in d u stry d iv isio n , 2 A u gu st 1959 N u m b er o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s In d u stry d iv isio n W o rk e rs in e st a b lis h m e n t s Within sc o p e of stu d y 3 S tu d ied A ll d iv isio n s ------------------------- ------ ------------------------------- 557 138 166, 300 118, 060 M an u fa ctu rin g _____________________ _________________________ N on m a n u factu rin g --------------------------------- ------- --------------T r a n s p o r t a tio n , co m m u n ic atio n , and o th e r pu blic u t ilit ie s 4 _________________________________ W h o lesale tra d e 5 ________________________________________ R e t a il tra d e _____________________________________________ F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e 5 _________________ S e r v ic e s 5 * 6 ______________________________________________ 185 3 72 48 90 9 9 ,2 0 0 67, 100 8 2 ,0 9 0 35, 970 57 84 115 55 61 23 13 27 14 13 1 7 ,2 0 0 9 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,2 0 0 1 0 ,3 0 0 7 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,3 8 0 2 ,2 6 0 1 3 ,5 6 0 5 ,2 6 0 2 , 510 Within sc o p e o f stu dy , S tu d ied 1 The S e a ttle M e tro p o lita n A r e a (K ing C o un ty). The " w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e of stu d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is tab le p ro vid e a r e a so n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip tio n of the s iz e and co m p o sitio n o f the la b o r fo r c e in c lu d ed in the s u r v e y . The e s t im a t e s a r e not in ten d ed , h o w ev er, to s e r v e a s a b a s i s of c o m p a r iso n with o th er a r e a em p lo y m en t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e em p lo y m en t tr e n d s o r le v e l s sin c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e st a b lis h m e n t d a ta co m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad v an ce of the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ie d , and (2) s m a ll e st a b lis h m e n t s a re e x c lu d e d fr o m the sc o p e of the su r v e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d ed itio n of the S ta n d a r d I n d u str ia l C la s s if ic a t io n M an u al w as u se d in c l a s s if y in g e st a b lis h m e n t s by in d u str y d iv isio n . M a jo r c h a n g e s fr o m the e a r l i e r ed itio n u se d in p r e v io u s su r v e y s a r e the t r a n s f e r of m ilk p a s te u r iz a tio n p la n ts and r e a d y m ix e d c o n c r e te e s t a b lis h m e n t s fr o m tr a d e (w h o lesale o r r e t a il) to m a n u fa c tu r in g , and the t r a n s f e r o f ra d io an d t e le v is io n b r o a d c a s t in g fr o m s e r v i c e s to the t r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a tio n , an d o th er pu b lic u t ilit ie s d iv isio n . 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s with to ta l em p lo y m en t a t o r ab ove the m in im u m - siz e lim ita tio n (51 e m p lo y e e s). A ll o u tle ts (w ithin the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e s , and m o tio n - p ic tu r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e sta b lis h m e n t. 4 R a ilr o a d s w ere ex clu d e d fr o m the s u r v e y a s w ere t a x i c a b s , and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w ate r tr a n sp o r t a t io n . 5 T h is in d u str y d iv isio n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s t im a t e s fo r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g " in the S e r i e s A t a b le s , alth ough c o v e r a g e w as in su ffic ie n t to ju s t ify s e p a r a t e p r e se n ta tio n o f d a ta . ® H o te ls; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; au to m o b ile r e p a ir sh o p s; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r sh ip o r g a n i z a t io n s ; and e n g in e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2 . P e r c e n t c h a n g e s in sta n d a r d w eekly s a l a r i e s fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and s t r a ig h t- tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d p lan t o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s in S e a t t le , W a s h ., fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s fr o m — In d u stry and o c c u p a tio n a l gro u p A u g u st 1958 A u g u st 1957 A u g u st 1956 S e p te m b e r 1951 S e p te m b e r 1951 to to to to to A u gu st 1959 A u g u st 1958 A u g u st 1957 A u g u st 1956 A u g u st 1959 A ll in d u s t r ie s : O ffice c l e r i c a l (w om en) -------------------------------------------S k ille d m a in ten a n c e (m en) _____________________________ U n sk ille d p lan t (m en) ___________________________________ 5. 1 4. 5 5. 7 4. 9 1 5. 3 5. 7 5. 0 *4 . 5 4 .9 2 3 .6 1 2 0 .6 2 3 .0 4 3 .2 3 8 .8 4 4 .0 M an u fa ctu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en) _________________________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m en) _____________________________ U n sk ille d p lan t (m en) ----------------------------------------------- 4. 3 3. 5 4 .4 5. 3 5. 9 5. 5 3 .9 4. 0 5. 3 2 2 .2 2 0 .8 1 5 .2 3 9 .4 37. 7 33. 6 R e v is e d e s t im a te . 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted w om en p lan t o ffice w ork er in ta b le cle rica l 2 are w ork ers percents and in of change average in sa la rie s ea rn in g s of of selected groups. each o ccu p a tion a l for a the d ifferen ce from F or average ard w ork p la n t ends, groups, h o lid a y s, p ortan t jo b s in key cle rk s , punch m a ch in e ty p ists, job s file , la te 3 office and tool la b o re rs, are based m ost of office cla ss B; A cle rk s, M en jo b s in m a ch in e and B; in clu d e d in p a in ters; p ip e fitte rs; u n sk ille d — ja n ito r s , h a n d lin g ; and pay (b illin g based cle rk s, 10 s k ille d the p la n t k ey g en era l; ta b u la tin g- la b or force F in a lly , the ra tio aggregate for oth er the resu lt and in the fect. by 100 the and of cause occu rred the in low er of average in a or other a of p a id in low er in the w ork ers h ig h -p a y in g e a rn in g s area to and change the the ex a m p le, p a id drop, of w ork ers in the occu p a tion a l a force have the a a sp ecific re d u ctio n op p osite out th ou gh a v e x p a n sio n in w hereas even and expan Changes w ork ers w o u ld jo b ; force p ro p o rtio n the of in crea ses sam e pay le v e ls . in effects other no of an e f area change in e s ta b lish m e n ts. data: and The w ork ers; cle a n e rs; of changes in in use in the the o f co n s ta n t e m p lo y m e n t w eig h ts p ro p o rtio n data. N or standard w ork are based on are of w ork ers the sch ed u les pay for or e lim in a te s represen ted percents of change in p r e m i u m for B e n e fits, of m ech a n ics, clu d e d to or e sta b lish m e n t I n d e x e s f o r the p e r i o d 1 9 5 3 to m arkets appeared in B L S B u ll. to ta le d percent in average, la b or then aggregates com puted tu rn over, the F or o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e th en m u lt ip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f S e p t e m b e r 1951 a n d A u g u s t 1 9 5 6 e m p l o y m e n t in the j o b . T h e s e w e ig h te d e a rn in g s w ere la b o r decreases changes. drop m e rit d iffe re n t th ey in d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n s the w h ile as changes w ith p ro p o rtio n m ovem ent rates such in crea ses resu lt p ro p o rtio n w ork ers force actu al w age and cou ld w atch m en . or average occu p a tion s. group w as p rin cip a lly , (2) sin ce sa la rie s selected these years is m easu res, changes; in d iv id u a l la b o r cause in crea se The change w age esta b lish m e n ts can occu p a tio n of and the w ith o u t changes a verage w e e k ly c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the of another. re d u ctio n s , by force erages m ig h t in and w ork er to percent m a in ten a n ce sh eet-m eta l porters, op era g en era l; m ech a n ics; on m a ch in e ); pa y roll; betw een re ce iv e d sion s, are the sa la ry changes em p loy ed operators, m a ch in ists; (3) im sten ograph ers, fo llo w in g in data C om ptom eter order; h ou rly on w eek general on data to p eriod The (l) n u m e rica lly o p e ra to r-re ce p tio n ists; the w ere the cle r ic a l secreta ries; e le ctricia n s; m akers; m a te ria l and g irls; m illw rig h ts; die percentages group. year to F or stra ig h t-tim e w ork one stand p a id . for B ille rs, sw itch b oa rd B. u n sk ille d and job s: in are re la te the and an d in clu d e The change that i s , s a la rie s o v e rtim e The of of w ork, tra n scrib in g -m a ch in e and S k illed — c a r p e n te r s ; a u to m o tiv e ; A percents changes pay for operators, cla ss operators; A m easure group. 18 the hours s tra ig h t-tim e sh ifts. each operators; cla ss and they fo llo w in g operators; sw itch b o a rd w h ich occu p a tion s b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e tors; norm al p re m iu m and w ith in the w ork ers, for for ex clu d in g selected w om en clerica l s a la rie s sch ed u le w ork er ea rn in g s, for o ffice w e e k ly giv en stra ig h t-tim e in the each e ffe cts jo b in flu e n ce d pay for in by o v e rtim e , hours. h ou rly ea rn in g s w e re The average sa la rie s ob ta in an a g g reg a te for 20 L abor M arkets, W in ter 1959 fo r 1 2 4 0 -2 2 , 1 9 5 8 -5 9 . w o r k e r s in 17 m a j o r W ages and R ela ted A * 4 O c c u p a tio n a l E a r n in g s Ta b le A - l. O ffic e Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is , by in dustry division , S eattle , W ash., August 1959) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers $ Weekly! Weekly t 40. 00 hours and earnings (Standard) (Standard) under 45. 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120 .0 0 125.00 and 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125 .0 0 over Men - - " " C le rk s, accounting, c la ss A ---------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu rin g-------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ------------------------------------------ 179 62 117 36 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 100.00 103.00 98. 50 98. 50 C le rk s, accounting, c la s s B --------------------------------- 31 40. 0 87. 50 - - - - _ - _ - _ - 15 9 6 18 8 10 15 15 - - - 2 2 1 11 E 5 17 6 11 6 36 ----- 7 29 6 27 11 16 5 29 9 20 13 37 4 33 4 6 6 - 8 8 - 2 1 1 1 4 4 - - - 1 3 8 12 2 1 - 4 - - _ . _ - _ - 2 2 1 8 8 - 22 1 21 18 16 2 9 8 1 11 11 2 - 3 3 - 5 2 “ C le rk s, o rd er _______________________________________ N on m an ufactu rin g-------------------------------------------C le rk s, p a y r o ll--------------------------------------------------Office boys --------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu rin g------------------------------------------- 192 171 31 101 45 56 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 95. 50 9 4 .0 0 98. 00 60. 00 62.50 58.00 _ " - 3 3 13 13 7 - 27 18 5 1 1 74 1T 1 - 24 20 1 - 24 23 7 - 1 5 - _ - Tabulating-m achine o p erato rs ------------------------------N on m an ufactu rin g-------------------------------------------- 123 52 4 0 .0 40. 0 9 1 .0 0 93. 50 - - " 1 1 - 2 2 1 - 12 2 8 2 18 12 45 5 18 12 16 14 2 2 - - - - 71 60 35 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 71.00 71.00 75. 50 - - 3 3 3 10 10 - 85 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m a c h in e )----------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- ---- M 56 R etail trade ------------------------------------------------ 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 69.00 68. 00 68. 00 " 30 27 12 3 - 5 - 16 16 16 4 4 4 " - - - - 14 10 9 7 4 2 16 16 14 4 4 4 4 - 1 - - - - - - - 32 23 20 _ " _ - 2 2 2 5 5 5 - Bookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A --------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 108 93 40. 0 40. 0 73.'50 72.00 - - ” 5 5 12 11 29 29 13 13 30 25 9 6 6 " “ - 4 4 “ ■ “ - ~ Bookkeeping-m achine o p e rato rs, c la s s B --------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------R etail trade ------------------------------------------------ 540 38 502 66 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 61.00 72.00 60. 00 62.00 8 8 46 46 " 62 62 " 145 145 32 116 2 114 14 94 14 80 10 27 6 21 9 —n— 25 12 " 12 3 9 - 1 1 1 - 4 4 - “ - - - - “ C le rk s, accounting, c la s s A -------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ----------------------------------------R etail trade ---------------------------------------------- 283 36 247 108 58 40. 40. 39. 40. 40. 0 0 5 0 0 81.5 0 90. 50 80. 00 83. 50 73. 50 - - " " 38 38 38 12 1 11 6 ~ 28 28 7 4 37 1 36 17 3 41 3 38 11 " 88 ll 77 63 - 23 17 6 6 2 1 1 1 - 4 4 4 5 5 3 1 1 - - 4 1 3 3 - - C le rk s, accounting, c la s s B --------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------P ublic u tilities 2 ----------------------------------------R etail trade ----------------------------------------------- 560 141 419 96 117 39. 40. 39. 40. 40. 5 0 5 0 0 71.50 80. 50 68. 50 73. 50 69.00 - 16 16 ~ - 16 16 8 4 33 1 32 18 131 6 125 10 47 75 13 62 2 14 61 8 53 4 21 75 36 19 5 67 35 32 6 24 68 3l 37 29 2 10 b 4 - 4 2 2 - 4 4 - - - - - _ - C le rk s, file , c la s s A -----------------------------------------N on m an ufactu rin g------------------------------------------- 143 59 3 9 .5 39. 0 77. 50 71.00 - " 3 3 3 3 14 14 8 8 15 14 37 1 37 ' ir 22 4 4 1 " ■ - “ - - _ C le rk s, file , c la s s B ------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 -----------------------------------------R etail trade 616 TW 426 36 76 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .0 40. 0 40. 0 61.00 73. 00 56. 00 67. 00 58. 50 37 37 - 93 3 90 ~ 77 113 2 111 12 28 63 1 62 11 21 57 39 18 2 2 95 80 ' 15 2 55 46 9 3 “ 25 14 11 8 “ 1 1 " - - - - - - - - ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' Women B ille r s , m achine (billing m achine) -----------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ------------------------------------------ See footnotes at end of table, 5 72 23 39 5 Ta b le A - l. O ffic e O ccupa tio ns-C ontinued (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is , by industry division , S eattle, Wash. , August 1959) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly 4 0 .0 0 hours 1 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 4 5 .0 0 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55.00 60.00 1 5 .00 I 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115. 00 120.00 125.00 and 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over Women— Continued C le rk s, o rd er _______________________________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ R etail trade ___ ______________________________ 231 50 181 65 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 72.00 72.00 72.00 69. 50 _ - _ _ - 3 3 3 _ - 69 23 46 31 25 13 12 4 71 71 3 15 5 10 3 38 4 34 20 9 4 5 1 _ - _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 1 1 _ - C le rk s, payroll -------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ________________________________ P ublic u tilities 2 ---------------------------------------R etail trade ---------------------------------------------- 253 100 153 28 57 39-5 4 0 .0 39-5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 77.50 80.00 75. 50 78.00 76. 50 _ _ - _ - 2 2 2 - 9 9 _ - 22 6 16 3 1 38 16 22 6 3 23 7 16 3 6 78 35 43 37 24 6 18 2 5 21 7 14 8 3 10 6 4 1 2 13 11 2 - 10 3 7 3 - 1 1 _ - 1 1 _ " _ _ - 1 1 _ - _ - C om ptom eter o p e rato rs --------------------------------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ________________________________ R etail trade ___________________________________ 490 107 383 172 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 72.50 78.00 71.00 68. 50 _ - _ - 3 3 2 33 1 31 9 91 1 90 73 49 9 40 13 126 19 107 38 46 24 22 7 99 39 60 30 24 9 15 - 15 15 - 4 4 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - Duplic.ating-machine o p erato rs (M imeograph or Ditto) _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ 50 46 39.0 39. 0 57.50 57. 50 8 8 - 8 8 16 12 2 2 16 16 _ “ - - - - - - " Keypunch o p erato rs ------------------------------------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ Public u tilities 2 ---------------------------------------- 409 216 193 60 3 9.5 4 0 .0 39. 5 4 0 .0 73.50 76. 50 70.00 77.00 _ - 8 8 - _ _ “ 35 2 33 “ 69 23 46 10 22 ---- 3---19 4 86 44 42 33 18 7 11 7 13 8 5 _ - 157 28 129 53.50 39. 5 46. OH 63.50 3 9.5 51.00 19 19 52 4 48 28 3 25 16 3 13 17 2 15 15 9 6 5 2 3 5 5 _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ - Office g ir ls ------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing ________________________________ 2 2 _ - _ _ - _ _ - S e c r e ta r ie s _______________ _____________ ____________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ Public u tilities 2 ______________________________ R etail trade ___________________________________ 1,293 731 562 157 60 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39.5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 90.00 94.50 84.00 90.50 81.00 _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - 16 _ 16 _ - 38 4 34 6 8 81 4 77 15 8 112 18 94 17 9 188 65 123 22 18 200 129 71 18 4 244 199 45 23 5 191 135 56 27 7 110 96 14 3 1 42 30 12 12 38 35 3 3 - 13 11 2 2 13 2 11 7 - 7 3 4 2 S ten ograp h ers, gen eral ________________ ____________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ Public u tilities 2 _________________*____________ R etail trade ___________________________________ 1,829 1,223 60 6 105 39 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 77. 50 79. 50 73.50 73.50 73.00 46 1 45 7 - 99 24 75 11 9 166 30 136 25 5 3 52 247 105 12 7 50 7 396 111 26 11 369 314 55 14 4 190 T to 30 10 3 76 47 29 _ - 15 1 14 _ - 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 70.00 77.00 68. 50 80.00 69. 50 5 _ 5 _ 11 _ 11 _ 6 89 10 79 _ 21 60 9 51 _ 4 25 _ 25 8 2 34 4 30 5 23 24 11 13 13 - 15 10 5 2 - 7 4 3 _ - 1 1 _ _ - 8 2 6 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ _ - 271 49 222 28 56 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - Sw itchboard o p erato rs ______________ ________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ P ublic u tilities 2 ______________________________ R etail trade ---------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - Sw itchboard o p e rato r-re ce p tio n ists _________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------P ublic u tilities 2 ______________________________ R etail trade ---------------------------------------------- 267 69 198 52 43 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39. 5 4 0 .0 40.0 68. 50 70.50 67. 50 70.00 71.00 . 12 4 8 _ - 7 7 _ - 22 5 17 2 - 80 19 61 16 19 57 14 43 13 3 24 8 16 11 4 22 8 14 _ 7 23 23 3 10 13 3 3 - 1 1 - _ _ - _ _ ~ 3 1 2 - _ _ _ - - - - _ - Tabulating-m achine o p erato rs -----------------------------Nonm anufacturing ________________________________ 75 38 3 9.5 3 9.5 83.50 78. 50 _ _ _ _ _ 6 5 7 3 15 11 18 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ “ 13 13 6 " 8 4 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' See footnotes at end of table. " 78 78 51---- ~ Z 3 ---14 15 6 - 6 7 7 _ - _ _ _ _ - _ - 6 Ta b le A - l. O ffic e Ojccupations-Continued (Average straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earn in gs fo r sele cted occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is , by industry division , S eattle, W ash., August 1959) S ex , occupation, and industry division Number of workers Average $ $ $ $ Weekly Weekly 40.0 0 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55.00 60.00 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 65.00 70.00 75.00 80. 00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 and 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85. 00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over 60.00 Women— Continued _ 3 3 7 — 7 25 16 38 37 15 15 6 1 15 15 8 8 _ - _ _ _ - _ " _ _ " _ - _ - _ - _ - 19 2 17 59 2 57 12 103 9 94 6 210 163 47 6 175 133 42 5 36 32 4 - 3 3 " 3 3 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - _ " 54 _ 54 _ " 120 4 116 2 3 188 31 157 7 3 155 13 142 19 38 178 101 77 6 33 82 53 29 25 8 3 5 5 11 2 9 9 1 1 " _ _ 1 1 1 _ - _ _ _ " _ _ _ _ - 7 _ 7 - _ _ - _ " _ " T ran scribin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs, gen eral ___________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------ 117 104 38. 5 38. 5 70.00 7 0 .6o - T y p ists, c la s s A ____________________________________ M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ P ublic u tilities 2 ______________________________ 611 3 50 261 29 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39.0 4 0 .0 73.00 76.00 68. 50 68.50 T y p ists, c la s s B -----------------------------------------------M anufacturing — ________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ Public u tilities 2 ______________________________ R etail trade ----------------------------------------------- 80 5 207 598 34 117 39. 5 4 0 .0 39- 5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 61.00 67.00 59.00 62.00 68.00 1 Standard hours re fle c t the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their reg u la r straigh t-tim e s a la r ie s and the earn in gs co rresp o n d to these weekly h ou rs. 2 T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. Ta b le A -2. Pro fessiona l apd Technical Occupations (Average straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earn in gs fo r sele cted occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is , by in dustry division , S eattle , Wash. , August 1959) Average S ex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly 65.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 70. 00 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 70.00 75.00 80.00 85. 00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105. 00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 and 75. 00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140 00 145 00 150 00 Men D raftsm en , lea d er __________________ ______________ M anufacturing ____________________________________ 218 218 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 126.00 126.00 _ ........ D raftsm en , s e n i o r ____________ M anufacturing ____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ 856 764 92 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 105.50 102.50 129.50 D raftsm en , ju n io r ___________________________________ M anufacturing ____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ 410 308 102 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 9.00 82.5 0 108.50 3 3 78 70 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 98. 50 100.00 _ - _ - - - - _ 2 2 4 4 186 "TITS - 49 48 1 5 2 _ _ - - 34 34 61 61 - 131 131 3 _ - • - - - - 21 21 35 35 69 6$ 39 39 19 19 14 14 5 5 148 148 - 137 137 - 137 135 2 81 78 3 31 30“ 1 27 9 18 50 30 20 24 _ 24 17 1 16 - 8 27 25 2 17 6 11 44 _ 12 _ 12 8 24 _ 24 _ _ . _ . _ _ _ - - - - - 1 1 “ 52 _ 44 * 4 2 . 8 Women N u rse s, in d u strial ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ______________________ M anufacturing _ 62 2 2 . 1 1 Stan dard hours re fle c t the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regu la r straigh t-tim e s a la r ie s and the earn in gs co rresp o n d to these weekly h ou rs. _ •3 3 13 “ 13 8 4 4 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A vera g e stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in g s fo r m en in s e le c te d o ccupation s studied on an a r e a b a s is , by in d u stry d iv isio n , S ea ttle, W a sh ., A ugust 1959) NUMBER OF WORKEKS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers C a rp e n te rs , m aintenance __________________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 2 ---------------------------------- 150 98 52 27 E n g in e e r s, sta tio n a ry ---------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------------- 208 174 34 F ire m e n , sta tio n a ry b o ile r ________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------------ 70 56 H e lp e rs, tr a d e s , m a in te n a n c e ______________ M anufacturing _________________________ 199 197 Average $ 1 .7 0 hourly earningst and under 1.80 1 .90 2.00 - - - 2 - - - “ - “ 2 .7 5 2. 74 81 - " " - " - 6 6 $ 2 .73 2. 67 2 .8 5 . 79 2 2 .3 8 2 .3 9 2 .2 5 2 .2 5 9 9 . 22 ..8899 M ec h a n ic s, au to m o tive, m ain ten an ce ________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 2 ____________________ 509 124 385 323 2 .7 4 2 .7 1 2. 75 .7 6 M ec h an ic s, m ainten an ce -------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------ 323 3U2 2.82 2.8 3 M illw rig h ts ______________________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------------ 136 136 2. 72 2. 72 O ile r s __________________________________ M anufacturing _________________________ 111 111 T ool and die m a k e rs 3 ------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------ 2.10 2.20 $ $ 1 .90 174 F55 110 2.00 2 . 10 $ 1.80 M a ch in ists, m ainten an ce __________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------------ P a in te r s , m aintenan ce ----------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------------- $ " 4 4 - - . “ - - - - - - “ - - - " “ - 2.3 3 2.3 3 . _ . . 2 .8 1 2 .7 2 _ “ _ _ . . 2 58 52 2 .90 2 74 2 74 3.00 3.00 „ - $2 . 30 $2.40 $2 .50 $2 . 60 $ 2.70 2.30 2.40 2. 50 2 . 60 2.70 2 . 80 8 6 - - - - - - - 17 ---- 17 11 11 15 22 ' 12 1 11 15 3 - 24 24 90 90 60 60 11 11 . . 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 3 3 18 18 . - - 2.20 5 5 - . - $ 23 21 3. 10 70 70 " 47 7 40 3 3 - 74 73 17 20 2 1 4 4 6 6 $ 3.20 3.20 3.30 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - 22 - - 2 2 - - “ - " . . - - - - " - 9 9 24 24 - 6 6 - - 3 - _ - - 86 30 30 82 53 6 12 338 106 232 231 73 73 71 6 5 22 1 21 35 35 24 24 1 1 2 2 24 24 4 4 75 75 - 31 31 “ - 5 5 . . _ " " - - - 3 43 42 47 9 38 1 6 3 3 “ 127 127 . _ 1 1 _ 1 2 - 6 6 164 164 _ ■ - 9 9 " 47 47 4 4 " " 3.40 and over 2 18 4 _ “ 3.40 $ 38 36 28 27 8 3. 30 5 1 69 ---- 59---- ------- $ 12 1 2 2 59 3. 10 " 1 E x clu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eek en ds, h o lid a y s, and late s h ifts . 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ication , and oth er public u tilit ie s . 3 C e rta in m an ufacturin g w o rk e rs exclu d ed in e a r lie r re p o rts w ere r e c la s s ifie d and included in the c u rre n t re p o rt. ings would have been $ 2 .9 1 . 3. 00 $ 1 18 18 . 2.90 . 5 4 7 5 $3.00 - 11 11 . 15 7 $ 2. 90 - - _ - 6 7 7 2.80 2 - _ " 9 8 $ 1 _ 7 110 110 _ - _ 2 - 2 “ - - - - . - 2 2 . - 30 30 3 3 4 4 Had they been included in the re p o rt fo r A ugust 1958, the a v e ra g e h o u rly e a r n 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Mqterial Movement Occupations (A vera g e stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in g s fo r se le c te d occupation s studied on an a r e a b a s is , by in d u stry d iv isio n , S e a ttle , W ash. , A ugust 1959) O c c u p a tio n 1 and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers Average $ 1.4 0 hourly earnings 2 and under 1.5 0 $ $ 1.60 1 . 60 1 .7 0 1.80 95 95 2 2 - 64 64 38 21 21 E le v a to r o p e ra to rs , p a sse n g e r (w om en )______ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------------R e ta il trade --------------------------- ----------- 184 184 55 $ 1.6 0 l . 6o 1 .5 7 G u a r d s __________________________________ M anufacturing _________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________________ 349 319 30 2. 27 2.30 1 .9 7 2 2 2 2 J a n ito rs , p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (men) _______ M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 ____________________ R e ta il trade ----------------------------------------- 1 ,2 7 1 586 5 130 153 1.88 2.00 1 .7 8 1 .90 _ _ 31 31 68 1. 77 $ 1. 50 - 2 6 16 6 6 172 10 162 5 61 1.70 - 1 1 - 3 3 1 14 14 7 272 2 72 27 27 27 L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling _______________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 ----------------------------------R e ta il trade ----------------------------------------- 1, 794 793 2. 24 1,001 . _ - 3 3 3 75 75 - . - O rd e r f il le r s ------------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ R e ta il trade ________________________ 775 123 652 73 _ - - - 2.30 4 4 P a c k e r s , shipping (men) -------------------------------M anufacturing --------------------------------------- _ N onm anufacturing _____________________ 280 189 91 2 . 18 2 . 16 2.21 P a c k e r s , shipping (women) ________________ M anufacturing _________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________________ R e ta il trad e ----------------------------------------- 244 118 126 65 R e c e iv in g c le r k s ------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ R e ta il trade ________________________ 538 392 146 74 Shipping c le r k s __________________________ M anufacturing _________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________________ R e ta il trade ----------------------------------------- 140 42 98 28 Shipping and re c e iv in g c le r k s ______________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ See footnotes at end of ta b le. 122 86 36 2.2 3 2.3 8 2.21 1 .9 5 2.03 1.88 1.9 4 2 . 16 2 . 11 - - 2 12 12 - - - - . . . - - - - . _ _ 62 - - - - - - - - 62 8 21 21 21 _ - “ - 1 2.00 4 4 _ - 22 29 40 37 3 168 84 84 67 5 29 2 . - 331 F9 312 - 6 6 13 4 9 68 ----- 58“ - 66 21 21 45 - _ - - 80 69 11 4 - - 3 - 3 3 _ - - - - - - - - - - - 6 6 3 _ 25 - - - 2 2 - 3 12 13 2 . 60 2. 70 $ 2. 70 2.80 $ 2 . 80 2 . 90 $ 2.90 3.00 - - “ - - 4 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - 12 5 4 7 7 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ - 119 31 344 4 340 323 2 2 2 2 60 2 60 17 88 88 288 32 256 42 43 43 3 108 72 36 24 78 100 100 2 76 8 8 8 - 37 - _ _ - - 2.50 - 24 18 _ _ _ _ - 2.40 12 6 31 21 - 2 2 231 131 328 311 17 5 - 2 - - - - - - _ _ - 101 - - 8 4 4 100 111 - - - 75 67 527 139 388 - - . _ - 120 100 20 6 12 1 349 282 67 49 - 2 16 3 8 7 18 5 13 13 - _ 47 31 - - _ 2.30 - 57 57 _ _ _ - 2.20 - _ 2. 37 2 .3 9 2 .3 6 2.3 3 2 2.20 - _ - 2.00 2 . 10 - 1 _ 1 - - - NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ . 10 2. 30 .90 2.40 2.50 . 60 $ 1 1 2 .2 9 2 .2 9 . 39 2 .4 5 2 .2 4 1 6 . - 4 12 12 2 2 1 1 1 132 34 1 .7 5 1 .6 9 1 .6 1 2 .42 2. 14 1. 90 428 261 167 16 478 352 38 2.20 2 . 28 1.80 206 ------14 192 23 51 J a n ito rs , p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n )_____ N onm anufacturing ________ ____________ R e ta il trade ----------------------------------------- 414 189 $ _ - 9 - 9 ' 4 4 - 100 12 88 46 81 3 78 15 8 8 3 3 - 11 26 26 . - 2 2 . $ 3.00 $ 3. 10 and 3. 10 over - - . - - - - . _ _ - _ _ _ " . - 28 28 - - - - - 58 58 - - . - - - - - - " - - . - _ - - - . - _ _ _ . . . _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 4 6 - 11 4 7 4 48 46 2 1 1 “ 11 8 3 3 10 10 - 4 9 7 2 - 2 2 2 _ - - - - 7 7 _ - - - 3 _ - - 3 - _ 2 2 - - 1 1 _ - - - > - _ - - - - - - - 3 3 _ _ - - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A vera g e stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in g s fo r s e le c te d occupation s studied on an a r e a b a s is , by in d u stry d iv isio n , S e a ttle , W ash. , A ugust 1959) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c cu p a tio n 1 and in d u stry d iv isio n T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 --------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 --------------------------------R e ta il trade _______________________ Number of workers Average hourly earnings 2 ,4 5 6 471 1, 985 1, 319 281 $ 1.40 2 and under 1. 50 $ 2 .5 7 2.70 2. 54 2 .4 9 2. 64 $ 1. 50 $ 1.60 $ 1. 70 1 . 60 1. 70 1.80 _ - _ - _ - _ - . _ $ 1.80 1 . 90 1 .90 2.00 $ 2.00 2 . 10 _ - 22 2 - - - . _ _ “ ~ - 1 1 1 $ 2 . 10 $ 2.20 2.20 2.30 24 24 - 12 16 4 12 12 12 12 T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (under \ x/z tons) --------N onm anufacturing ______________ ___ 60 48 2.3 3 2725" . T r u c k d r iv e r s , m edium (1 xJz to and including 4 tons) ___ _________________ M anufacturin g ------------------------------------N onm anufacturin g ------------------------------P u b lic u tilitie s 3 ----------------------------- 859 92 767 665 2.48 2. 65 2 .4 6 2 .4 5 _ - _ - _ “ _ - _ - " “ “ 4 4 - T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eav y (over 4 ton s, tr a ile r type) _________________________ M anufacturin g _____________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------P u b lic u tilitie s 3 _________________ 713 ------ E T 646 320 2. 65 . 69 2 .6 4 2 .5 9 - _ _ _ - _ _ - " - - " - - T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eav y (over 4 tons, o th er than t r a ile r type) --------------------------M anufacturin g _____________________ N onm anufacturing __________________ 259 58 ~ 2 2. 65 2.60 . 66 - - _ _ $ - " - . " - 1 1 - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - " 26 25 246 244 45 9 36 _ 105 105 31 31 1 2 _ . _ _ _ _ 211 - - - - - - 18 18 - 25 2.3 3 2.2 9 2.43 2 .4 5 T r u c k e r s , pow er (other than fo rk lift) -----------M anufacturing ________________________ 153 153 2.28 2 .28 . . _ . _ - “ " - - - “ W atchm en ______________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ 72 60 2.01 2.01 . 2 5 1 _ 6 6 34 34 - - 4 D ata lim ite d to m en w o rk e rs ex cep t w h ere o th erw ise in d icated. E x clu d es p rem ium pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a ys, and late s h ifts . T ra n sp o rta tio n (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ication , and oth er public u tilit ie s . Includes a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s of s iz e and type of tru ck o p era ted . 1 1 21 16 2 2.50 _ - 2 2.40 1148 7 1141 1132 9 - 624 413 $ 3 3 - - 201 2. 40 - T r u c k e r s , pow er ( fo r k lift) _________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________________ R e ta il trade _______________________ - 2. 30 - 1 2 3 4 24 24 $ _ 669 669 660 $ 2.50 $ 2.60 2 . 60 2.70 259 58 487 139 348 201 104 21 20 12 101 36 65 - 2 139 $ 2.70 2.80 344 222 122 71 $ 2.80 2 .90 $ 3.00 3. 10 123 7 32 31 77 - “ 17 17 17 116 1 1 $ 3. 10 and over - _ 2 2 _ _ _ - - “ - “ - - - 54 24 30 6 6 2 - 3 3 3 109 5 104 92 275 46 229 - 29 29 “ 117 4 113 74 5 5 - 29 127 39 95 209 1 1 2 2.90 3. 00 153 153 155 $ 2 21 21 - 11 10 1 1 17 17 - " - " 88 93 " 255 92 163 19 25 16 9 _ _ 5 " " 5 5 " 16 16 _ _ _ - 1 1 _ " _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 - - _ _ “ ~ _ _ - _ _ 11 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a s s i s t its field s ta ff in c la ssify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is e sse n tia l in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecau se of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significan tly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes in applying th ese job d escriptio n s, the Bureau’ s field econom ists are instructed to exclude working superv isors, apprentices, learners, beginners, train ees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and in v oices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typewriter. May a lso keep records a s to billin gs or shipping charges or perform other cle rica l work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study pu rpo ses, b illers, machine, are c la ssifie d by type of machine, a s follow s: O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National C ash R eg iste r, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of b u sin e ss tran sactio n s. B i l l e r , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) — U se s a s p e c ia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E llio tt F ish e r, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills and in vo ices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n ecessary exten sion s, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and to tals which are autom atically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carton co p ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B i l l e r , m a c h i n e ( b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) — U se s a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt Fish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers’ b ills a s part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit b alan ces. D oes not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of s a le s and credit s lip s . C l a s s A — K eeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping p r i n c i p l e s and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system u sed . Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare con solidated re ports, balance sh e e ts, and other records by hand. C l a s s B — K eeps a record of one or more p h ase s or sectio n s of a se t of records usually requiring little knowledge of b a sic bookkeeping. P h a se s or sectio n s include accounts payable, pay roll, cu stom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, machine), co st distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a s s i s t in prep aration of trial b alan ces and prepare control sh e e ts for the a c counting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C l a s s A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c countant, has respon sibility for keeping one or more se ctio n s of a complete s e t of books or records relating to one ph ase of an e s tablishm ent’ s b u sin ess tran sactions. Work involves posting and 12 C LER K , ACCOUNTING— Continued balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. C L E R K , PA Y R O LL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distrib uting pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. • COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) C LER K , F IL E Class A— Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating ma terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. C L E R K , ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine.--Makes necessary adjust ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. O FFIC E BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 13 SECRETA RY SWITCHBOARD O PERA TO R-RECEPTIO N IST Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or therecorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May pre pare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribingmachine work (see transcribing-machine operator). OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribingmachine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 14 T Y PIST — Continued TYPIST-—Continued Class A— Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance P R O F E S S IO N A L in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. C lass B — Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications * May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEA D ER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REG ISTERED ) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees9 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRA CER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 15 MAINTENANCE D POWERPLANT CA R PEN TER , MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BO ILER Perforins the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTR ICIA N , MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications;.locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. H E L P E R , TRA D ES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 16 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O ILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PA IN TER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 17 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed £ost or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In c lu d es g a te men who are sta tio n e d at g a te and ch e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING oth er person s en terin g . JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 18 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L o n g sh o rem en , who load and unload s h ip s are e x c lu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv i n g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and r e c e iv in g clerk ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r iv e r -s a le s m e n and o v er -th e -r o a d drivers are ex c lu d ed . PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in v o lv e on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a ls o mak w ood en For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) T ru ckdriver Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, (com bin a tion o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a te ly ) ligh t (under l l/ 2 t o n s ) medium ( l l/ 2 to and in clu din g 4 to n s ) h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , trailer t y p e ) Truckdriver, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , oth er than trailer t y p e ) TRUCKER, POWER b o x e s or c ra tes are e x c lu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work i n v o l v e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv in g work i n v o l v e s : Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, p o w e r (fo rk lift) Trucker, p o w e r (oth er than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 — 534803 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any oftheBLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis will be issued early in 1961.