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Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA DECEMBER 1956 Bulletin No. 1202-9 UNITED STATES DEPA RTM EN T OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Cl ague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA DECEMBER 1956 Bulletin N o . 1 2 0 2 -9 UN ITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissionar March 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics regu larly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fa ll to ea rly spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim in ary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month follow ing the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the e a rlie r report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of a ll of the year's surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. Introduction___________________________________________________________ Establishments and w orkers within scope of s u r v e y ____________ 1 2 Tables: A: B: Occupational earnings * A - l : Office occupations -----------------------------------------------A -2: Profession al and technical occupations -------------------A - 3: Maintenance and power plant occupations -----------------A -4: Custodial and m aterial movement occupations --------Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B - l: Shift differen tial provisions -----------------------------------B-2: Minimum entrance rates for women office w orkers ------------------------------------------------------------B-3: Scheduled weekly hours ---------------------------------------B -4: Paid holidays -----------------------------------------------------B -5: Paid vacations ----------------------------------------------------B-6: Health, insurance, and pension plans ---------------------- Appendix: Job descriptions ------------------------------------------------------ * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations for most of these items are available in the Pittsburgh area report for Novem ber 1951. The 1951 report also provides tabulations of Christm as, year end, profit-sh arin g, and other types of nonproduction bonuses. A d irectory indicating date of study and the price of the report, as w ell as reports fo r other m ajor areas, is available upon request. Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the follow ing trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-tran sit operating em ployees, and motortruck d rivers . 3 6 7 8 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 Occupational Wage Survey - Pittsburgh, Pa .* Introduction The Pittsburgh area is one of severa l important industrial cen ters in which the Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. M ajor industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of w orkers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occu pations studied to warrant in clu sion .1 W herever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys a re conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying a ll establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, a ll establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to a il establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu a lly surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not m a terially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provision s Information is presented also (in the B -series tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The term "o ffic e w orkers, " as used in this bulletin, includes a ll office c le ric a l em ployees and ex cludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plant w o rk ers" include working forem en and a ll nonsupervisory w ork ers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and force-account construction em ployees who are utilized as a separate work fo rce are excluded. C afeteria w orkers and routemen are ex cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational cla s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job (see appendix for listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e rie s tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) m ainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in terms of total plant w orker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differen tials, the amount applying to a m ajority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the cla s sification "oth er" was used. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to w ork a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but co st-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office c le rica l occupations, reference is Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans a re treated statis tica lly on the basis that these are applicable to a ll plant or office. * This report was prepared in the Bureau's regional office in New York, N. Y. , by F red erick W. M u eller, under the direction of Paul E. Warwick, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table on page 2 for m inim um -size establishment covered. to the w ork schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average w eekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. (i) 2 w orkers if a m ajority of such w orkers are eligib le or may eventually qualify fo r the practices lis te d .3 Because of rounding, sums of indi vidual items in these tabulations do not n ecessarily equal totals. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al a rran ge ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. Separate estim ates are provided according to em ployer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis w ere converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Data are presented fo r a ll health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m er cial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined cash payments a re made d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for a ll such plans to which the em ployer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,4 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick -lea ve plans are lim ited to form al plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker's pay during absence from w ork because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to ( l ) plans which provide fu ll pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of w orkers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometim es re fe rre d to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which a re designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. M edical insurance re fers to plans providing fo r complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments fo r the remainder of the w orker's life. 4 The tem porary disability laws in C alifornia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if 3 Scheduled w eekly hours for office w orkers (firs t section itofestablished at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that table B -3) are presented in term s of the proportion of women office could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, w orkers employed in offices with the indicated w eekly hours for women but inform al sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, w o rk ers. w ere excluded. Establishm ents and w orkers w ithin scope of su rve y and number studied in P ittsburgh, Pa. , 1 by m a jo r industry d ivision, D ecem ber 1956 Industry division A ll divisions _______________________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ __ ___________ _______________ _____________ Nonm anufacturing ____ ___________________________________________ Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities 4 ____________________________________ Wholesale trade ____ __ ________________________________________ R etail trade ________ ____ __________ ___________ ____ ____ Finance, insurance, and real estate ________ _________________ S e rv ic e s 6 __ _____________________________________________________ M in im um employment in establish ments in scope of study N um ber of establishments W orkers in establishments W ithin scope of s tudy 2 Studied _ 80 2 222 419,300 60,400 301,600 233, 350 101 - 349 453 83 139 301,100 118, 200 32, 300 28, 100 234,600 67,000 158, 370 74,980 101 51 101 51 51 51 137 67 89 109 22 38 30 25 24 30,900 16,600 38, 100 16,800 15, 800 5, 800 5, 100 3, 300 10,100 (7) 18, 900 6, 500 31,300 5 1,500 (7) 22, 360 6, 340 30,160 10,040 6, 080 W ithin scope of study T o t a l3 Office Studied Plant To ta l 3 1 The P ittsburgh M etropolitan A re a (Allegheny, B ea ve r, Washington, and W estm oreland Counties). The "w o rk ers w ithin scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate de scription of the size and com position of the labor force included in the su rve y. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of com parison w ith other area employment indexes to measure e m ployment trends o r levels since ( l ) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes a ll establishments w ith total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim itation . A l l outlets (w ithin the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto rep air se rvice, and m otionpicture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional, and other w orke rs excluded fro m the separate office and plant categories. 4 A lso excludes taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation. 5 Estim ate relates to rea l estate establishments only. 6 Hotels; personal se rvices; business se rvices; automobile re p a ir shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and a rchitectu ral se rvices. 7 Th is industry division is represented in estimates for " a ll industries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. A : Occupational Earnings 3 T a b le A -1 : O f f ic e O c c u p a tio n s ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ied on an a r e a b a s i s in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , by in d u s t ry d iv is io n , D e c e m b e r 1956) Average Sex, Number of workers o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t ry d iv is io n Weeklyj (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly , 30. 00 earnings 1 d (Standard) u an nder 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 40. 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 90. 00 $ $ $ $ $ 95. 00 100.00 1 0 5.00 n o . oo 115.00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 110 00 115 00 and over M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A _______________ _ _______ __________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * W h o le s a le t r a d e ____ __________________________________ F i n a n c e * * -------------------------------------------------------------------- 808 539 269 82 67 80 3 9 .5 40 . 0 39. 0 39. 0 3 9 .0 3b. 5 9 8 .0 0 1 0 1.50 9 1 .0 0 1 0 4.50 96. 50 76. 50 _ - - _ - C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ _________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________________ P u b l i c u t ilit ie s * _______________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________________________ 503 269 234 110 101 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 39. 0 40. 0 8 4 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 8 1 .0 0 97. 50 6 9 .0 0 - 6 6 - - C l e r k s , o r d e r _____________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ .. . . . ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g W h o le s a le t r a d e ..... _ .... . .. ...... 300 224 76 71 38. 5 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 86. 50 8 7 .5 0 83. 00 83. 00 - - - - - - C l e r k s , p a y r o ll _ __ ______________________________________ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________ ______________ ____ 228 207 40 . 0 40 . 0 9 1 .0 0 9 1 .5 0 _ _ _ - - - O ffic e b o y s ________________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ___________ ____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * W h o le s a le t r a d e 258 111 147 32 52 3 9 .0 39. 5 36. 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 53. 00 5 6 .0 0 50. 50 4 8 . 50 48 . 50 _ - 3 3 - 56 17 39 - " - 19 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ___ ________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________________ F in a n c e * * ________________________________________________ 289 185 104 52 39. 0 40 . 0 3 7 .0 36. 0 82. 50 86. 50 7 6 .0 0 69. 00 _ - _ - _ - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e ( b il li n g m a c h i n e ) ________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________________________________ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g „ _____________ ______________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e _. _ ___ 308 176 132 50 38. 0 3 7 .5 38. 5 39. 5 57. 00 5 7 .5 0 56. 50 54. 50 _ B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) _ _____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _____________ _________________________ __ 170 158 99 40. 0 40 . 0 4 0 .0 55. 50 54. 50 53. 50 _ - B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _______________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________________________ F in a n c e * * ________________________________________________ 193 145 94 3 7 .5 37. 5 36. 5 68. 50 65. 50 55. 50 . B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _______________ M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________ ________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________________ _______ _ F in a n c e * * __ _______________________________ ________ 844 207 637 105 432 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 38. 5 39. 5 38. 5 53. 00 60. 00 5 1 .0 0 56. 50 4 9 .0 0 . - 5 1 4 - 8 1 7 1 _ 20 5 15 - 15 7 8 1 _ 4 6 15 7 1 1 - 12 3 9 - 16 4 12 12 38 17 21 1 18 72 38 34 - 6 17 4 13 10 - 4 3 1 1 4 4 4 21 18 3 2 8 1 7 7 2 2 6 2 3 3 10 9 73 14 59 24 14 32 11 21 8 3 51 37 14 - 19 10 9 - 8 8 - " 1 1 1 18 18 16 12 2 10 9 20 15 5 2 21 16 5 * 1 1 1 5 5 4 21 21 14 34 20 14 4 95 83 12 - 48 29 19 3 21 2 19 11 2 2 2 26 19 19 9 21 21 17 54 52 39 34 30 12 _ - _ 29 29 28 24 17 17 23 21 20 160 138 28 110 32 64 119 41 78 7 36 3 3 - 16 ------- 5 10 - 42 24 18 1 2 5 54 23 31 3 _ 99 79 20 2 8 9 90 59 31 30 _ 12 76 23 53 3 35 12 32 49 23 26 2 21 41 38 3 2 25 17 8 8 " 48 43 5 3 2 - 24 18 6 6 43 27 16 13 52 44 8 8 ' - - 26 18 8 8 10 6 4 4 58 54 4 4 10 4 6 6 6 1 5 4 9 7 1 1 12 12 34 31 30 28 20 18 28 28 18 18 13 13 - 7 7 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - _ - - _ - - - - - - - - - 30 18 12 5 63 46 17 5 28 20 8 1 25 22 3 5 3 2 11 9 2 i i - 7 7 - " 46 26 20 12 ‘ ‘ “ ■ _ 75 33 42 14 2 2 - _ - 2 2 - 3 3 - 2 2 - - _ - . - - - " - - - - - 5 4 4 1 - 2 2 6 2 _ - _ - _ - - _ - . - - - - - " " " - - 27 20 19 20 16 6 16 14 3 1 - 7 - 24 6 6 6 1 1 - - - - 6 6 " - 9 9 1 - - " ' ■ - 134 89 45 45 6 39 16 18 18 8 10 16 11 3 2 - - - - - - 5 3 1 - - - - - - - 1 5 117 2 83 3 34 24 9 - 99 90 9 2 4 2 36 32 4 4 4 4 _ - 5 3 2 2 65 48 17 9 6 1 102 90 12 6 2 2 88 18 70 70 42 24 18 18 35 — 3T~ _ - _ — - - - 22 20 2 2 12 10 2 2 6 r~ 14 9 . - W om en S e e fo o tn o tes at end o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . - _ - c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 26 16 - 6 6 4 205 16 189 2 179 ------5— 154 20 107 15 27 - 6 1 - _ - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 4 T a b le A -1: O f fic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ied on an a r e a b a s i s in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , by in d u s t ry d iv is io n , D e c e m b e r 1956) Average Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Weekly (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly 30. 00 earnings 1 and (Standard) u n d e r 35. 00 $ 35. 00 “ 40 . 00 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 45 . 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 45. 00 “ . on " 55. 00 ■ 60. 00 50 $ 60. 00 65. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 _ “ 75. 00 " 8 0 .0 0 70. 00 $ 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 $ 85. 00 $ 90. 00 90. 00 ■ “ ■ 95. 00 10 0 .0 0 10 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ 95. 00 1 0 0.00 105 . 00 1 1 0 .0 0 115.00 ■ n o . 00 11 5 .0 0 and over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d 480 221 259 63 92 39. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 3 9 .0 37. 5 74. 50 8 0 .5 0 69. 50 6 9 .0 0 65. 00 I, 353 855 85 125 204 378 39. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 40 . 0 3 9 .0 39. 5 38. 0 59. 50 6 9 .0 0 54. 00 68. 50 6 1 .5 0 56. 00 4 9 . 00 293 114 179 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 0 55. 50 65. 50 49 . 00 1, 124 345 779 93 145 356 39. 0 40 . 0 3 8 .5 39. 5 40 . 0 37. 5 4 9 . 50 56. 00 46. 50 50. 50 49. 50 4 4 .5 0 C le r k s , o r d e r ........ . .. ..... M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________________________ 349 84 265 173 3 9 .5 39. 0 39. 5 39. 5 59. 00 70. 50 55. 50 5 3 .5 0 C l e r k s , p a y r o ll __________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ..... .................. . . N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g . ... R e t a il t r a d e 752 550 202 79 39. 5 39. 5 3 9 .5 39. 5 72. 73. 70. 65. C o m p to m e te r o p e ra t o r s M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ P u b lic, u t i l i t i e s * W h o le s a le t r a d e R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________________________ 701 284 417 64 96 227 39. 40 . 39. 39. 40. 39. 5 0 5 O' 0 0 6 2 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 59. 00 63. 00 60. 00 56. 00 D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (m im e o g r a p h o r d itt o ) __________________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g . ... .. . .... N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ 162 108 54 3 9 .5 40. 0 38. 5 5 2 .5 0 54. 50 48 . 00 K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ___________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _________________________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________ ___ ________ F in a n c e ** __ ___________________________________________ 860 455 405 103 72 51 170 39. 0 40. 0 38. 5 38. 5 39. 0 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 6 1 .0 0 67. 00 55. 00 56. 00 63. 00 54. 50 4 9 .0 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ___________________ ___________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________________________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e __________________________________________ C le r k s , f i le , c la s s A _ _____ ... N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________ C l e r k s , f i le , c l a s s B _ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g W h o le s a l e t r a d e . R e t a il t r a d e F1i nance * * ______________________________ ... . S e e fo o tn o te at end o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . W s 00 00 00 50 - _ _ _ 6 - 6 2 2 3 3 2 3 36 36 163 - _ n 11 4 6 22 9 13 3 10 29 7 22 5 13 76 22 54 17 5 74 12 62 19 28 39 23 16 1 7 51 33 18 1 1 45 24 21 1 17 54 44 10 1 38 25 13 9 17 9 8 _ _ 199 35 164 12 24 12 99 209 50 159 10 21 44 82 194 79 115 106 50 56 10 19 22 112 85 27 13 10 4 56 18 38 22 14 2 85 66 19 4 10 5 68 64 4 7 4 3 2 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ 4 13 4 9 2 4 3 5 3 2 6 46 62 90 40 50 2 4 13 23 2 1 _ _ _ _ . _ _ 77 _ 7 7 - 6 6 6 _ 6 2 - - _ 12 12 163 4 13 34 100 - 73 21 52 77 39 16 23 10 4 6 17 ------- 8 9 26 21 5 8 7 1 28 25 3 3 2 1 7 6 1 - - 5 4 l - - - - - 8 72 325 ------ 5 317 31 40 134 283 84 199 19 8 116 196 105 91 16 53 21 83 31 52 10 31 11 71 54 17 13 23 21 2 2 49 42 7 13 1 - - - - - - - - - 4 _ 9 25 5 20 8 180 16 164 138 28 3 25 7 29 17 12 5 12 1 11 79 45 34 12 - - 8 72 8 4 68 2 - - _ - - 2 2 9 9 _ 22 19 3 37 30 7 4 53 36 17 9 81 57 24 21 15 42 147 — n 134 11 24 99 _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 1 101 — 47— 54 2 23 25 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 14 4 1 3 3 1 _ - - 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 11 9 8 1 - - 1 1 87 64 23 7 46 29 17 6 95 59 36 11 94 82 12 5 52 40 12 28 25 3 1 50 46 4 3 14 12 2 6 4 2 _ _ 8 2 6 122 70 52 20 13 11 76 54 22 10 8 4 43 31 12 2 2 1 15 12 3 3 _ 6 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 _ 4 - - - - - 1 1 3 - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 1 1 1 3 - - 6 2 1 1 " - - ■ - - - “ 112 11 9 2 2 7 7 - - - - 15 4 _ 18 _ _ - 15 9 42 6 11 25 - 3 3 19 6 13 36 11 25 47 41 6 32 27 5 15 14 1 2 2 - - - 6 6 - _ _ - 120 9 111 27 9 9 66 112 50 62 25 3 23 11 132 61 71 13 16 10 32 97 53 44 22 10 4 8 144 105 39 12 18 4 62 51 11 4 6 - 49 49 2 1 46 c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . - 20 4 16 1 - 6 . 1 - _ - 1 105 52 53 6 15 30 “ 13 2 - — - " no 2 2 1 “ - 1 - 4 4 4 - - - . . - - - - “ - - - - - _ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 T a b le A -1 : O f f ic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , b y in d u s t ry d iv is i o n , D e c e m b e r 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Avbbagk Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s t ry d iv is i o n W om en O ffic e g i r l s __ — _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g P u b li c u t ilit ie s F in a n c e * * „ Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) $ Weekly , 30. 00 earnings * and (Standard) u n d e r 35. 00 39. 0 39. 5 3 9 .0 38. 0 38. 0 $ 4 8 .0 0 50. 00 45. 50 45. 50 46. 00 2 ,6 0 0 1,4 7 9 1, 121 158 292 114 352 39. 39. 38. 39. 39. 40. 37. 0 5 5 0 0 5 5 79. 00 8 3 .0 0 73. 50 85. 00 74. 50 67. 50 67. 00 3, 018 1,741 1 ,2 7 7 304 382 127 371 39. 39. 38. 38. 39. 40. 36. 0 5 5 5 5 0 5 39. 5 4 0 .0 71. 00 70. 00 402 229 173 31 61 S e c re ta rie s _____________ „ __________________ — M a n u fa c t u r in g _ __ __ _____________________ _____ ___ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ _____ _____ _ __ _ ____ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _________ __ __________ ___________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e __ _________ ____________ ____ R e t a il t r a d e -------- _ __________________ _______________ F in a n c e * * _________________ _____ _ ________________ S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________ ____________ _____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ________________________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e _______________ ______________ ______ R e t a il t r a d e „ __ _ ______________ _________ „ ___ F in a n c e * * ________________________________________________ S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n ic a l __________________ __ ______ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ _________ < 4 5 .0 0 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 131 56 75 19 34 59 46 13 1 2 51 51 - 1 16 16 - 1 - - - - - - * - - - - - 174 48 126 304 92 212 12 60 28 79 252 155 97 17 33 19 18 282 155 127 35 18 7 39 321 197 124 10 43 5 19 409 326 83 23 27 4 22 228 175 53 15 20 3 13 87 65 22 7 10 4 126 92 34 17 12 1 2 25 21 4 4 17 10 7 6 11 14 79 232 97 135 7 31 25 42 57 31 26 4 2 - 163 155 8 62 54 8 2 7 7 - - - 2 161 125 “ “ ' 8 8 1 _ _ _ _ _ - “ - - ~ 16 9 7 _ _ _ _ _ - $ t 80. 00 85. 00 85. 00 90. 00 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ $ S < $ 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 110. 00 115.00 and 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0.00 105. 00 n o . oo 115. 00 over 10 10 14 3 11 - - 4 2 8 2 9 56 12 44 1 19 5 16 110 20 90 19 7 11 52 276 88 188 40 48 13 80 311 136 175 25 37 15 86 458 264 194 41 46 36 57 465 233 232 49 99 21 55 294 149 145 55 42 25 14 269 181 88 32 34 268 190 78 20 51 - - 2 4 299 246 53 21 14 1 10 - 3 2 34 34 43 37 33 27 30 12 9 5 21 8 13 3 1 5 27 16 11 1 54 51 3 42 33 9 6 3 24 12 12 8 4 - _ - - 1 - 8 - 1 3 - 5 443 239 204 28 91 39. 39. 39. 40. 39. 0 0 5 0 5 61. 63. 59. 61. 61. 00 00 00 00 00 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ____________ _______________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ __ ....... N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * . . . . 185 114 71 25 39. 40. 38. 39. 5 0 5 5 76. 77. 73. 73. 00 50 50 50 T r a n s c r i b in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l _____________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ _ _____ _ ..... N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ _______________________________ W h o le s a l e tr a d e _ ___ _ _ _ _ 387 100 287 93 39. 40. 39. 39. 5 0 5 5 54. 61. 52. 56. 50 50 00 00 c o m m u n ic a t io n , 6 6 - S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s S e e fo o tn o te at end o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . 1 _ 63. 00 56. 50 54. 00 62.00 an d o th e r p u b lic j - 8 - 6 1 .0 0 71. 00 56. 50 63. 50 54. 50 55. 50 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ _______________ ___________________ _________ ___________________________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * W h o le s a l e tr a d e ______________________________________ - 1 - 5 5 0 5 5 5 __ - j 135 59 76 11 24 65. 50 69. 50 60. 00 39. 39. 39. 39. 40. 36. __ 8 8 2 571 168 403 62 79 76 ___________ - ' S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ______________ __________ __ __ M a n u fa c tu rin g _____ ________ _________________ _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e _____________________________________ __ __ F in a n c e * * _____ _________ __ -------- ------- ----------- $ 40. 00 - C o n tin u e d __ _____ _____________ __ „ _____ __ _____ ______________ ______ __ „ _________ _____ ______ _______ * _______ ______ ______________________ ________ ______ __ ___________ ___ _ 421304 0 - 5 7 - 2 $ 35. 00 - - 45 - 4 - 45 8 7 80 1 79 3 14 27 73 6 67 5 11 2 93 17 76 12 34 17 75 36 39 4 11 6 87 24 63 34 18 64 19 45 6 13 77 50 27 98 50 48 65 33 32 - 33 26 7 4 18 4 4 " • _ - 4 4 4 - - . _ - _ - u t ilit ie s . _ - _ - - 81 2 79 10 51 11 40 9 9 - - - 15 32 20 - - - - - 4 4 _ - - - - - - - - ' ' 49 7 42 9 107 33 74 37 29 4 25 5 41 20 21 19 19 18 1 8 5 3 2 2 _ 2 2 _ - - - - - 1 - - - - 21 16 5 4 _ - ■ - 19 16 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 18 11 7 5 26 18 8 - 9 9 30 22 8 2 ■ - 6 6 16 1 15 1 1 * - - 15 8 7 6 - - - - - 5 2 3 - - - - 1 - " - 2 - 2 2 ■ 29 25 4 4 14 8 6 1 7 4 3 1 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ * ~ _ - - 6 _ 6 - . 1 1 . - _ _ _ - 6 T a b le A - l: O f fic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , b y in d u s t ry d iv is io n , D e c e m b e r 1956) Average Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Weekly hours (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly . 30. 00 earnings 1 an d (Standard) u n d e r 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 40 . 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 134 54 80 10 59 97 51 46 5 32 104 67 37 3 27 114 85 29 6 20 133 105 28 6 5 70 55 15 6 4 78 75 3 1 21 19 2 - 530 115 415 41 83 41 207 304 90 214 21 70 50 62 227 125 102 7 36 32 21 186 147 39 8 10 7 134 116 18 1 17 - 37 17 20 2 6 - 89 65 24 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - " ~ ” ~ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 10 0.00 1 0 5 .0 0 11 0 .0 0 115.00 and 90. 00 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5.00 n o . oo 11 5 .0 0 over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d T y p i s t s , c l a s s A _________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _________________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _______ __ ___________________________ F in a n c e * * ____________ ___________________________________ 781 519 262 43 155 T y p i s t s , c l a s s B _______________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____ _________________ ___________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______ _________________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e _______________ _________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________________________ F in a n c e * * ........ __ 2, 041 844 1, 197 86 292 174 461 1 2 3 ♦ ** 0 0 5 5 5 $ -P 6 1 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 54. 50 5 5 .5 0 53. 00 39. 0 3 9 .5 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 40 . 0 37. 0 5 2 .0 0 5 6 .0 0 49. 50 5 2 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 47. 00 39. 40 . 37. 38. 36. _ - 8 8 - - - 14 14 7 7 _ - 25 25 8 11 506 169 337 4 68 38 153 " 3 3 - 5 5 - - 1 _ _ - - _ - _ _ - - _ - - - - - 1 1 1 . - - _ - - ■ ~ H o u r s r e f le c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a l a r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : '2 7 a t $ 11 5 to $ 1 2 0 ; 4 2 a t $ 12 0 to $ 1 2 5 ; 12 at $ 125 to $ 1 3 0 ; 2 at $ 13 0 a n d o v e r . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 10 a t $ 11 5 to $ 1 2 0 ; 15 a t $ 12 0 to $ 1 2 5 ; 7 at $ 12 5 to $ 1 3 0 ; 2 at $ 130 an d o v e r . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . T a b le A - 2 *• P ro fe s s io n a l a n d T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a tio n s ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o a r s a n d e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d iv is i o n , D e c e m b e r 1956) A verage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is i o n Number of Weekly hours1 (Standard) N U M B E R OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E W E EKLY E AR NING S OF $ Weekly . U n d e r 5 5 .0 0 earnings1 and (Standard) 5 5 .0 0 $ |s $ $ !is 1$ S $ $ $ * !$ 95. 00 'lOO.OO 105.00 110.00 11 5.0 0 jl2 0 .0 0 125.00 130.00J135.00 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 and 9 0 . 0 0 |9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 12 0.O oll25.00 130.00 135.00l 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 o v e r 1 1 !------------ S $ |$ $ $ $ $ 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 , 9 0 .0 0 un der 6Q.QQ 65 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 M en D r a ft s m e n , l e a d e r M a n u fa c t u r in g _ — . ------ 350 343 . D ra fts m e n s e n io r ____________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g , P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _______________________ 1 ,2 2 9 1,1 2 9 100 31 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 "40.'6 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 D r a ft s m e n , j u n i o r ---- ---------------------- 556 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- ------- ------- --------------- ------ 505“ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g 51 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 T ra c e rs M a n u f a c t u r in g 97 93 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 316 Z W 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 ... . .... $ 1 4 9.00 1 5 0.00 1 1 3.00 ll4 .o 6 9 9 .0 0 10 4.50 _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ * “ - - _ 1 | - 1 - - 5 31 30 1 8 2 .5 0 4 ------ — B4-; oo7 1 .5 0 1 _ ~ 7 9 .5 0 2 “ S 0 7 5 T ----- 1 6 5 4 3 12 11 ~ - - - 26 11 15 93 78 15 7 ------5 ~ _ " 78 4 4 3 62 16 2 76 70 " "75 " ' — 55“ 1 4 1 ! 1 3 ~ i 87 74 13 3 17 ----11 1 1 14 h l3 71 h 64 7 2 101 77 24 5 81 72 9 1 72 65 7 3 200 H '9 5 5 3 83 83 - 61 6l 29 29 21 21 12 12 2 2 6 - - 51 50 1 4 4 22 22 41 41 \ _ _ - 10 10 1 - - 1 1 18 IT " 10 6 40 39 42 46 68 65 51 50 9 9 3 3 1 40 “ 38 2 i 1! ' - 7 7 - - _ ; 19 ! ; 43 'H e 60 ' “60 ” 131 rn i ' 31 27 2 24 1 24 _ - - _ 1 ----- ----- _ _ i _ j _ 1 - - _ _ _ _ - ~ - - - _ _ _ _ ■ ■ 94 4 4 102 99' 3 44 35 6 5 8 10 _ 6 ! : 10 2 - _ _ - - _ 1 “ 131 T31' _ 30 ' 35 i 2 34 ■ 34 ! ll ll _ 11 - n _ ! - 1 8 5 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 7 6 — — l ! L i 45 i------------ 1 S t a n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a l a r i e s W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 10 at $170 to $1 90; 12 a t $190 to $ 2 1 0 ; 12 at $210 an d o v e r . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t il it ie s . T3— 98 W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r i a l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ 1 i 14 — 17“ i________ an d the e a r n in g s - “ ~ ________ ! ________ i ! 1 c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 7 T a b le A -3: M a in te n a n c e a n d P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a tio n s ( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r m e n in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , by in d u s t ry d iv is i o n , D e c e m b e r 1956) N U M B E R OF WORKERS R E C E IVIN G STRA IGH T-TIM E H OURLY E AR N IN G S OF— O c c u p a tio n an d in d u s t r y d iv is i o n Number of workers Average hourly , U n d e r earnings f . 60 $ $ 1. 60 1 .7 0 and u n d er l a 7 0 - 1. 80 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 1 ,9 0 . 2. 00 $ 2. 00 iJ O $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 -2 , 2Q .. 2.-3D. 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 and over 33 21 6 6 9 7 2 52 49" 3 35 18 17 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _________________________ __ 1, 018 w r~ 111 32 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 48 61 25 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 10 10 2 13 7 6 2 5 4 1 1 18 9 9 2 25 17 8 5 125 117 8 2 132 124 8 8 90 89 1 - 412 409 3 1 E le c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e ________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------------------- 2. 324 2, 214 110 2. 66 2. 66 2. 68 _ 17 9 8 22 17 5 9 8 1 18 14 4 22 21 1 77 60 17 58 58 284 284 " 524 520 4 210 204 6 591 588 3 126 92 34 150 141 9 74 73 1 27 27 - 35 32 3 44 38 6 _ - 1 1 - - 24 23 1 11 4 7 E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y ______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _ _ .... R e t a il tr a d e ____________________________________ F in a n c e * * _______________________________________ 1, 193 838 355 164 72 73 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 43 47 31 15 74 36 4 4 4 - . - - 33 28 5 3 - 23 4 19 3 _ 52 7 45 27 _ 167 158 9 - 38 31 7 - 22 20 2 - 46 22 24 - 16 12 4 _ 6 5 1 _ 2 - 24 - 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 5 2 . _ _ _ - 9 - _ _ _ _ 2 25 1 5 4 1 _ _ - 201 196 5 1 1 2 169 143 26 _ - 136 51 85 78 1 - 157 101 56 6 _ - 118 56 62 42 1 - 727 649 78 2. 16 2. 19 1. 97 6 6 20 20 8 6 2 91 73 18 18 15 3 119 117 2 138 136 2 72 66 6 217 208 9 27 20 7 _ - _ - 11 8 3 . - _ - _ - - H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________ 3, 694 3, 623 2. 09 2. 09 - 5 5 442 440 349 3 34 1872 1858 287 254 317 310 66 66 73 73 254 254 2 2 . _ _ - 27 27 - - - M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s . t o o lr o o m M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ 1, 034 1, 031 2. 58 2. 58 _ . - _ 36 36 8? 82 80 77 86 86 98 98 112 112 88 88 256 256 69 69 M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g __ 2, 884 2, 856 2. 71 2. 71 18 15 47 36 35 35 310 310 371 371 334 333 1095 1093 16 12 4 3 1 62 7 55 36 4 97 71 26 10 261 127 134 49 55 73 59 14 12 - 200 21 179 148 22 91 90 1 280 27b 4 4 438 437 1 1 793 7S3 10 F i r e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r _______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________ M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________________ R e t a il tr a d e - - _ _ . _ - - 26 26 _ - 1 1 - 20 20 20 - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ . _ _ _ . - - - - - - - 25 25 84 84 6 6 _ _ _ _ 4 - - - - 4 122 111 14 14 336 336 2.6 26 20 20 130 130 _ . . 9 9 _ _ 1 1 _ 32 32 - _ - 18 5 13 8 5 238 2W 2 1 381 379 2 2 57 '“ S T "" 26 26 269 269 5 5 . - - - - - - - . - _ - _ - 57 57 - _ - - - - - - - - 199 I W 1 1 - 371 354 17 9 _ - 4 4 1 1 3 3 2 2 i i 7 7 15 15 63 63 372 372 558 558 117 115 55 55 168 168 2. 13 2. 14 4 2 5 5 12 12 56 56 106 106 415 377 10 10 79 79 142 142 39 39 42 42 28 28 _ _ _ - - - 2. 2. 2. 2. . - 1 1 - 13 13 24 24 6 4 2 3 3 - - - - - 201 195 6 6 56 54 2 1 22 13 9 8 23 5 18 7 12 11 1 1 20 18 2 - 136 118 18 4 2 2 - 82 78 4 1 - - - - _ _ - 3 3 1 1 2 2 50 22 86 20 85 84 182 154 116 115 594 593 53 49 92 92 46 40 2 2 52 52 18 18 - 2. 30 1 _ 1 5 7 3 1 9 7 8 3 _ 3 _ _ _ 2 _ 177 159 2. 52 2. 51 - - " 4 4 2 2 2 2 6 5 20 17 8 8 26 26 33 29 46 37 26 25 2 2 " - - 2 2 - 775 764 2. 78 2. 78 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - - " 18 17 34 30 10 10 157 157 34 32 94 94 141 141 55 54 82 90 M il lw r ig h t s ____________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ 1 ,6 4 0 1 ,6 3 8 2. 63 2. 63 O ile r s .... ... . ___ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ 938 898 P a i n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e _____________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________________ 606 500 106 28 P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in te n a n c e __________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ 1, 385 1, 247 2. 50 2. 53 50 S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ T o o l an d d ie m a k e r s ________________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _ ___________________________________ 33 35 25 48 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y fo r o v e r t im e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . - - 2. 2. 2. 2. s h ifts 180 r s r . _ - _ - _ - 2 1 1 - 3, 202 3, 125 77 57 4 - _ - - M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ _ _ . N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g R e t a il t r a d e _______ ___________________________ 4 - 18 1 - _ 49 55 44 42 53 ___________________________ - . 18 - - - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. m a in te n a n c e - 8 8 48 5 1 _ _ 792 335 457 286 97 P lu m b e rs , - 33 28 9 188 86 185 ----- §6“ _ - 1 - _ • _ - _ _ - - _ _ - _ - - - - - - 54 46 8 8 40 40 - 5 5 5 _ - . - _ - _ - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 4 4 1 1 - _ - - _ - _ - - - - - - _ _ 3 _ _ - _ - - _ _ - - 18 18 - 1 1 - _ 2 2 _ - 3 3 6 6 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 8 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , D e c e m b e r 1956) NU M B E R OF W ORKERS R E C E IVIN G S TRA IGH T-TIM E H O URLY EAR N IN G S OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y d iv is io n E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( m e n ) --------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------- Number of workers 264 — 2T3— $ Avenge hourly 2 U n d e r 0. 90 earnings and $ under 0 .9 0 1 - oo $ 1 .7 2 I.b 9 - 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 and 1. 10 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1. 80 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 -2 .1 0 , 2 .2 0 2*_3Q_ 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 over $ $ $ $ - “ 17 17 4 4 ‘ 2 1 105 106 86 86 40 36 9 9 26 26 7 7 188 188 5 1 9 - - - - " 12 9 3 40 38 2 15 7 8 150 T50 135 116 19 122 113 9 627 593' 34 28 27 1 232 Z3Z - - - 182 170 12 10 1 40 29 11 1 - 34 28 6 6 - 3 3 2 1 - 297 T52 1 .3 4 1.31 4 4 " 2 z G u a r d s ------------------------------------------------------------ <----------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------- 1 ,4 9 7 1 ,4 0 5 92 2 .1 5 2 .1 6 1 .9 6 - - - - - - - - 3 3 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ----------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e -------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------ 4 ,0 3 0 Z,' 530— 1,5 0 0 208 136 388 403 1 .6 8 . 8o 1 .4 8 1 .6 0 1 .6 3 1 .3 4 1 .6 4 86 86 _ 146 23 123 17 10 56 17 199 39 160 15 3 5 26 213 213 42 13 135 3 187 6b 119 12 23 35 45 451 l9 l 260 48 17 16 172 424 228 196 18 26 1 98 1871 F744 127 49 19 22 21 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) -------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ------------------------------------------R e t a il tr a d e —______— ______________— _______ F i n a n e e * * ------------------------------------------------------ 1,3 9 2 — sirs— 884 111 172 423 56 41 15 - 48 . 41 7 6 - 283 TS1 - L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g ------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----- ---------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e -------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------- * 65 - - 25 4 69 8 61 4 9 4 7 1.41 1 .6 7 1 .2 6 1 .3 7 1. 16 1 .3 6 53 53 38 10 10 1 6 136 5 131 2 3 22 22 6 5 3 140 140 22 107 9 575 128 447 58 16 373 36 3 33 3 28 32 b 26 19 1 - - - 4, 834 3, 721 1 ,1 1 3 592 404 1 .9 6 1 .9 7 1 .9 2 1 .8 6 1 .9 7 11 11 11 9 9 9 7 7 7 4 4 4 12 Z 10 10 36 18 18 15 65 65 65 153 9 144 124 20 59 47 12 12 535 435 100 80 18 O r d e r f i l l e r s ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------- 1 ,9 0 6 791 1 ,1 1 5 594 521 2 .0 6 2 . 00 2 .1 0 1 .9 4 2 .2 8 - - - - 2 2 2 60 60 - - 15 15 4 11 - 7 7 6 1 101 5 96 72 24 P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( m e n ) --------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e -------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------- 1 ,0 2 2 7b7 255 183 72 2 .0 0 2. 04 1 .8 7 1 .8 6 1.91 _ - - - - - 18 18 - 12 12 - 15 9 6 6 - - - - - - - P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( w o m e n ) ---------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------- 361 — 3TI— 1 .6 6 1 .6 5 - - . - 4 - 168 - “ - “ - 1 R e c e iv i n g c l e r k s -----------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------ —— — ----------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e ------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------- 624 437 187 76 88 2 .0 5 2. 06 2 .0 4 2 .0 3 2 .1 8 S h ip p in g c l e r k s --------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e -------------------------------------------- 428 315 113 71 2. 16 2. 17 2. 14 2 .0 0 S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1613 rrr? 139 125 13 887 638 249 170 73 244 T0S 39 24 11 411 296 115 15 179 179 - 138 83 55 54 - - 78 40 38 38 94 68 26 26 43 17 26 26 43 43 43 52 5Z - - 161 158 3 3 195 6 189 117 72 171 52 119 96 23 348 290 58 39 19 474 266 208 143 65 67 2o 47 5 42 39 39 39 87 60 27 27 20 20 20 149 149 - - - 149 84 Z 82 82 56 Z8 28 28 - - 31 2 29 26 3 73 46 27 24 3 201 56 145 93 52 87 n 14 13 1 281 271 10 10 - 4 4 - 1 1 - - - - - 22 19 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 57 57 - - 80 56 24 18 6 55 55 - - 112 90 22 19 3 168 11 7 38 38 2 76 76 - - - - - - - - ‘ " 24 24 - " 38 18 " - - - 11 1 10 1 7 1 6 - 4 4 3 35 32 3 2 1 39 15 24 24 44 ZZ 22 12 10 103 9Z 11 2 5 106 61 45 33 12 118 108 1C 8 1 40 29 11 9 2 72 67 5 3 2 7 7 - 5 1 4 4 - - 1 1 1 4 4 4 20 20 20 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 21 12 9 8 15 11 4 22 8 14 6 27 18 9 8 71 52 19 17 131 122 9 7 39 29 10 8 25 l8 7 7 25 Z1 4 4 9 6 3 6 5 1 4 Z 2 18 3 15 - - ' - - 4 4 - - 2 I 1 1 - 3 3 3 - - 5 5 5 - 4 - 1 1 1 - 4 1 3 2 - - - 10 " lO ' - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 114 110” ' 4 - - - - - - - 9 - - - 1 1 - - - * 18 14 14 14 102 2 100 - - 58 E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) ---------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------- - 8 - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it ie s . B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R * - ' 6 5 1 9 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d ( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d iv is i o n , D e c e m b e r 1956) N U M B E R OF WORKERS R E CE IVIN G STRA IGH T-TIM E H O UR LY E AR N IN G S OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ Average hourly 2 U n d e r 0 .9 0 earnings and $ u nder 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 S h ip p in g an d r e c e iv i n g c l e r k s ------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------- 337 238 99 58 $ 2. 02 1 .9 6 2. 17 2. 10 T r u c k d r i v e r s 3 ----------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------- 4, 662 2, 367 2 ,2 9 5 737 720 756 587 T ru c k d riv e rs , lig h t (u n d e r lV z t o n s ) ------------ 9 1 .0 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .2 0 9 1 .3 0 $1 .4 0 $1 . 50 $1 .6 0 $1 . 70 $ 1 .8 0 $1 .9 0 1 .0 0 $ 2. 10 1 .2 0 1 . 30 9 2 .4 0 *2 .5 0 * 2 .6 0 *2. 70 $ 2. 80 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2. 10 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 6 6 3 80 76 4 4 5 5 1 115 112 3 3 15 2 13 7 4 r 40 22 18 151 61 90 19 31 28 237 157 79 26 33 20 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - * - “ - - - ‘ 2. 37 2741 2 . 33 2 .2 0 2 . 36 2 .5 0 - - 3 3 - 2 2 2 - 35 35 2 - 13 13 2 - 15 15 3 12 33 30 3 1 _ - - - 33 3 30 1 7 12 9 3 - - 7 7 4 3 - - - 2 - - - 7 1 . - - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 7 4 3 48 33 15 - - - - - - - - - 12 9 3 _ - 65 20 45 28 - - 31 29 2 . 2 3 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------- 299 28 249 2 .2 6 2 .2 9 2 .2 3 1 .9 2 2 .2 8 T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m ( lV z to an d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) ----------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e ---------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ------------------------------------------------ 1,94 1 1, 149 792 252 146 2 .4 0 2. 56 2 .1 7 2 .2 0 2. 37 - - - - - 33 33 _ 11 11 - - - - - - - - T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , t r a i l e r ty p e ) ------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------- 725 163 562 221 308 2. 51 2. 31 2 . 57 2 .2 6 2 .8 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , o th e r than t r a i l e r t y p e ) ---------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------- 910 6l 7 293 74 2 .2 6 7722 2. 35 2. 12 - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 15 15 3 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) ------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------ ----- -----------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------- 1 ,4 7 4 l , 394' 80 2. 03 2. Oo 2. 52 . - _ - _ - _ - 22 z2 9 9 - 222 222 " 1 1 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o th e r than f o r k l i f t ) ---------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------ 1, 644 1,6 3 2 - 80 80 - 9 9 W a t c h m e n -------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------ 1 ,0 3 3 5TT5 225 43 65 57 43 1T~ 22 1 5 8 64 22 42 - 22 4 18 - 9 33 11 1 52 23 29 6 3 3 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e --------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 * 288 - - . - - - - - - 2 .4 0 2.'39 - - - - . - - - - 1. 79 1 .8 3 1 .6 2 1 .8 0 1. 75 - - 10 - - - 109 105 4 2 - - 37 8 29 3 4 1 1.61 - 10 4 - D ata lim it e d to m e n w o r k e r s , e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d . E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te s h if t s . In c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e an d type o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 90 a t $ 2 .9 0 to $3 ; 9 a t $3 and o v e r . A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 2 .9 0 to $ 3 . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . - - 25 3 22 _ - 186 T B '3 .. 1 - - 53 20 33 29 7 4 3 - 11 11 11 3 - 598 1158 458 460 140 698 47 606 92 82 10 1 501 498 51 ' 4 2 7 ' 447 76 20 4 68 59 367 4 36 5 31 22 9 126 123 3 1 1 236 107 77 30 23 3 174 74 100 91 368 4T 325 31 - - 14 6 8 8 26 24 2 2 80 10 10 174 n r - 6 - _ * - - - - 287 287 _ 100 100 - 286 1 54 46 94 34 60 _ - 783 675 108 _ 102 3 99 _ _ 60 108 4 99 - _ - _ . - - 18 18 - - - - - - 202 187 15 15 32 32 31 . 16 16 _ 665 665 - 9 . - 1 - - - 9 20 14 6 - 21 21 - - - 40 40 40 52 52 52 118 lb 108 108 70 52 18 126 126 6 6 8 8 - 191 26 165 33 131 325 90 235 219 10 16 16 - 23 9 14 - . - over . 108 " 108 236 236 - 6 - - *2 .9 0 and 9 - *9 3 '"3" 90 90 * 1 397 311 86 61 - - - - - - - 143 T¥0" 3 353 352 1 385 383' 2 63 5l 12 8 6 2 22 1 21 3 3 15 15 15 15 2 2 - 25 3 22 63 63 23 22 155 155 392 392 88 " 78 23 23 89 89 65 65 456 “ ■?55 12 7 88 87' 217 205 12 6 6 82 53 29 7 21 1 298 "2 7 7 20 91 89 2 2 4 2 - - - - - - - 16 4 1 - - - - - 4 4 2 2 - - 101 'l G T ' 2 2 2 - - 10 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l (a ) In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r — S e c o n d s h if t w o rk W i t h s h if t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l U n ifo r m cen ts (p e r h o u r ) 2 c e n t s _________________________________________________________________ 4 c e n t s _________________________________________________________________ 5 c e n t s _________________________________________________________________ 6 c en ts 7 V2 c e n t s ___________________________________________________________ 8 c en ts 9 c en ts . _ 9 V2 c e n t s _____________________________________________________________ 10 c e n t s o r 11 c e n t s __________________________________________________ 12 c e n t s ________________ _______________ ___________________________ 12 V2 c e n t s _________________________________________________________ O v e r 1 2 V2 c e n t s _____ ____________________________________________ T h ir d o r o th e r s h if t w o r k 9 9 .6 9 7 .4 98. 0 8 8 .2 1 .0 4 .8 2 .8 6 4 .6 2 .7 1. 1 2 .0 3. 0 2 .4 (b ) A c t u a lly w o r k in g on— S e c o n d s h if t 1 T h ir d o r o th e r s h if t 2 3 .6 1 4 .4 9 7 .4 23. 2 1 4 .4 8 8 .2 20. 6 13. 8 1. 0 . 1 1. 1 .7 - . 3 - - . 5 5. 5 1. 7 . 5 62. 5 3. 0 5. 3 2. 0 1 .2 4. 0 1. 1 U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e __________________________________________________ 9. 5 8 .9 2 .6 .6 5 p e r c e n t _____________________________________________________________ 7 o r 7 V2 p e r c e n t __________________________________________________ 10 p e r c e n t ______________________________________ __________________ 1 .2 .4 8. 0 - - . 8 8. 1 . 5 . 1 2. 0 . 3 . 3 10^3 O t h e r ____________________________________________________________________ N o s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l s h ift s tio n s : ______________________________________________ .2 1 .0 2 .8 1 .6 1 5 .9 . 5 . 1 .6 . 3 .4 . 1 . 3 .4 - . 1 . 1 1. 1 . 1 - 10. 7 .2 .6 .2 .2 . 1 .2 t .6 . 1 .4 1 S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f ( a ) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , a n d ( b ) w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n l a t e a t th e t i m e o f th e s u r v e y . A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v i n g a p o l i c y i f it m e t e i t h e r o f th e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i ( l ) O p e r a t e d l a t e s h i f t s a t th e t i m e o f th e s u r v e y , o r ( 2 ) h a d f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g l a t e s h i f t s . ■f L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 11 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for W om en Office W o rk e rs 1 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m in im u m h i r i n g r a t e in — M a n u fa c tu rin g M in im u m r a t e (w e e k ly s a l a r y ) E s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d -------------------------------------------------------------------- 222 M a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d on s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u s t r ie s A ll s c h e d u le s 83 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m i n im u m h i r i n g r a t e in — N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g A ll in d u s t r ie s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 37Vz 40 XXX 139 XXX XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 222 83 F o r In exp erien ced T y p is ts E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m $ 3 0 .0 0 $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 35. 00 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 . 00 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s 2 o f— 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 37V» 40 XXX 139 XX X XXX 22 47 F o r O th er In exp erien ced C le ric a l Workers 3 -------------------------- 135 146 66 $ 3 2 . 5 0 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 3 5 . 0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 3 7 . 5 0 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 4 0 . 0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 5 0 ---------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 2 _ _ 2 2 _ _ 2 _ 2 - . - 2 4 4 _ 3 5 - 4 _ _ 6 3 2 _ _ _ 6 5 5 _ 5 2 2 40 13 3 21 41 12 5 21 12 4 8 3 4 16 7 9 6 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 3 27 $ 4 5 . 00 9 5 3 8 5 1 _ 21 10 8 11 6 5 1 6 . 2 7 9 2 2 - 64 56 71 20 42 80 58 $ 4 7 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 8 7 $ 5 0 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 6 5 1 1 $ 5 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 3 3 6 11 2 2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 7 4 4 9 3 2 $ 5 5 . 00 1 2 6 4 4 $ 5 7 . 5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 1 1 5 2 4 1 2 _ 1 _ 1 - 14 1 9 1 8 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 5 _ 1 _ $ 6 2 . 5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 2 _ _ _ 2 2 2 _ _ _ $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 7 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 5 _ 3 5 _ _ $ 7 0 . 00 3 5 - _ _ _ 3 10 _ 3 10 _ 3 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 7 2 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------- 7 6 6 1 1 - 1 - - 1 1 - ------------------------ 35 8 XXX 27 XXX XXX 34 8 XXX 26 XXX XXX E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s in th is c a t e g o r y -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 10 XXX 40 XXX XXX 40 8 XXX 32 XXX XXX 2 1 XXX 1 XXX XXX 2 1 XXX 1 XXX XXX $ 5 7 . 50 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 6 7 . 50 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 . 00 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g no s p e c i f i e d m i n im u m D a ta not a v a i la b le _ 1 L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r i n g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . 2 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . re p o rte d . 3 R a t e s a p p l i c a b l e to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d . 9 D ata a r e p re s e n te d fo r a ll w o rk w e e k s 8 c o m b in e d , . a n d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k s O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s 12 Table B-3: Scheduled W e e k ly Hours PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS‘ EMPLOYED IN— W e e k ly h o u rs A ll w o rk e rs _ __ ______ ________ U n d e r 35 h o u r s _______________________________________ __ 35 h o u r s _ _ ^ _ __ ________ O v e r 35 a n d u n d e r 3 7 V 2 h o u r s _______________ 3 7 V 2 h o u r s __________________________ ___________________ O v e r 3 7 V 2 a n d u n d e r 40 h o u r s ____________________ 40 h o u r s O v e r 40 a n d u n d e r 48 h o u r s ____ 48 h o u r s O v e r 48 h o u r s _____________________________________________ PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Manufacturing Public utilities ♦ Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 . . . . . _ 5 t t 23 4 64 6 7 84 68 3 3 8 - 3 3 15 7 73 - 21 t ■ “ All 2 industries t 29 - t t " 3 54 22 - t 78 10 - All , industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 t t t t . _ - 89 4 6 " 1 D a t a r e l a t e to w o m e n w o r k e r s o n ly . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n f L e s s th a n 2. 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . ♦ ♦ F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . Table M : Finance** Services t All 2 industries A ll w o rk e rs W o rk ers in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p a id h o lid a y s Less 6h o l i d a y s 6h o l i d a y s 6h o l i d a y s _______________________________ ________________ _________________________________ p lu s 1 h a lf d a y p lu s 2 o r 3 h a lf d a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ____________________________ 7 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 or 8h o l i d a y s 8h o l i d a y s 9 h o lid a y s __________________ Paid Holidays1 1 2 3 f ♦ ** Retail trade 100 100 100 100 97 97 100 97 97 t t t t _ 3 24 10 t t _ t 3 5 68 - 3 t t 3 39 - 8 - _ 31 86 23 t - 52 - t t t t t t - 63 78 - - 4 - - t t t t t 7 - 48 10 - 10 8 - - 6 - - 7 - 16 - - 5 - 3 - - - - 15 - - - - 19 - ~ - _ E s t i m a t e s r e l a t e to h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a l ly . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n L e s s th a n 2. 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s ta te . Wholesale trade t 14 t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s Public utilities * 99 t _________________________ Manufacturing t t 2 h a lf d a y s Services 99 - _________________ _____ ____ ___________ _____________________________________________ O v e r 1 2 h o l i d a y s _____________________________________ Finance * * 100 t t t t T t t p lu s Retail trade P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — All industries 100 - 1 h a lf d a y - 100 - ___________________________________________________ 81 14 5 100 3 p lu s ■ 4 7 100 9 1 h a lf d a y 88 _ t 6 100 t 1 h a l f d a y ____________________________ 75 18 7 92 100 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _ _ _ 100 p lu s 9 h o lid a y s p lu s 10 h o l i d a y s 10 h o l i d a y s 10 h o l i d a y s 11 h o l i d a y s 12 h o l id a y s 3 h a lf d a y s - t 100 42 7 h o lid a y s - - 100 3 7 h o lid a y s Wholesale trade - - 100 p r o v id in g _________________________________________________ th an 6 h o lid a y s Manufacturing Public utilities * - t Servioee s e p a ra t e ly , P E R C E N T OF O FFIC E W OR K E R Si E M P L O Y E D I N — Ite m Retail trade 19 t t 8 6 15 - 29 - 10 45 t 6 7 - t 8 _ - 36 - 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 t - 5 - - - - - - - - - " “ 3 3 " 3 O c c u p a t io n a l - 8 - - s e p a ra t e ly . 10 79 - - 14 - Services - 3 W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U . S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 13 Ta b le B-5: Pa id V a c a tio n s PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a c a t io n p o lic y AU x industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 t Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance** Services industries2 Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - 90 10 100 t 92 8 - - - - - - - * - - 1 w eek o r m o re 6 m o n th s _______________________________________________ 1 y e a r __________________________________________________ 99 60 99 60 99 100 56 100 100 37 100 100 4 100 100 96 100 100 5 100 100 t 100 100 42 100 100 12 100 100 2 w e e k s o r m o r e ________________________________________ 6 m o n th s ______ _____________________________________ 1 y e a r __________________________________________________ 2 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 3 y e a r s ___________________________________________ ____ 5 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 99 3 78 95 97 99 100 100 98 99 100 87 94 - - - - 99 78 94 98 100 t 6 18 28 98 - 49 98 98 100 t 18 91 96 98 100 12 98 100 100 100 98 t 86 94 97 99 3 6 12 99 13 86 91 100 36 55 68 87 12 60 90 94 3 w e e k s o r m o r e ________________________________________ 2 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 3 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 5 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 10 y e a r s __________________ ________________________ 15 y e a r s _____________________________________________ 20 y e a r s _______________________________________________ 25 y e a r s _______________________________________________ 92 - 96 - 97 - 94 - 89 - 82 - 94 - 97 - 99 93 - 76 I t 13 88 92 92 - - - t 8 91 95 96 - 3 11 85 89 89 - 3 96 97 97 t t 21 94 94 94 - 20 76 82 82 t t 8 92 94 94 15 11 36 14 36 10 t 3 15 t t - - - - - 4 11 36 14 20 36 A ll w o rk e rs _______________________________________________ M ETHOD OF PA Y M E N T W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id v a c a t io n s ..... L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t _________________________ P e r c e n t a g e o f p a y m e n t ___________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id v a c a t io n s . _ _ - - A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A N D S E R V IC E P E R IO D 3 4 w e e k s ____________________________________________________ 1 5 y e a r s _______________________________________________ 20 y e a r s _______________________________________________ 25 y e a r s _____________________________________ _______ 1 2 3 s e rv ic e re c e iv e t * ** 99 3 10 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d i v i d u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . E s t im a t e s a r e c u m u la tiv e . T h u s , th e p r o p o r t i o n 3 w e e k s ' o r m o re p ay fo r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . L e s s th a n 2. 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . - - - t t 5 96 97 97 14 99 99 99 22 93 93 93 26 74 76 76 11 7 20 12 t 5 t t 7 - 38 6 35 38 11 F o r e x a m p l e , th e re c e iv in g 3 w e e k s ' - t 20 - - 3 12 - c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ’ o r m o r e p a y f o r 5 y e a r s in c lu d e s t h o s e w h o O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , NOTE: - 100 - In th e t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a n e q u i v a l e n t t i m e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 14 Ta b le B-5: Pa id V a c a tio n s - C o n tin u e d PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N All . industries V a c a t io n p o lic y Manufacturing Public . utilities * Wholesale trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Retail trade Finance** 82 Services AH , industries Manufacturing Public ^ utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade Services P R E D O M IN A N T P A Y P R A C T IC E S F O R S E L E C T E D Y E A R S O F S E R V IC E 4 XXX 51 XXX 93 95 64 88 78 86 XX X 78 XXX 94 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XX X XXX XX X 74 86 XX X XX X XXX 91 96 XX X XXX 86 55 54 XXX XXX 63 76 XXX XX X XX X 96 95 87 96 93 77 XXX XXX 95 84 96 86 91 100 86 6fc> 87 67 85 89 63 85 69 . 52 76 79 72 90 89 79 94 95 84 99 98 80 93 68 42 39 1 2 1 2 w e e k ____________________________ w e e k s ___________________________ w e e k ____________________________ w e e k s ___________________________ XXX 94 94 98 94 w e e k __________________________ w e e k s ___________________________ w e e k s ___________________________ w e e k s ___________________________ XXX XX X XXX XX X 97 97 85 97 98 90 98 100 97 97 5 y e a r s or le s s: 10 y e a r s o r l e s s : 1 2 2 2 99 79 15 y e a r s o r l e s s : 20 y e a r s o r l e s s : 25 y e a r s o r l e s s : 3 w e e k s ___________________________ 3 w e e k s _________________________ 3 w e e k s ___________________________ 88 89 78 90 94 84 96 97 61 94 90 80 1 y e a r o r le s s : 2 y e a r s o r le s s; 3 y e a r s o r le s s: le s s XXX 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n a l to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to tl\ o se i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 T h e p a y p r o v i s i o n a p p l i c a b l e to m o r e w o r k e r s th a n a n y o t h e r s i n g le p r o v i s i o n , f o r s e r v i c e u p to a n d p a y f o r th e in d i c a t e d s e r v i c e p e r i o d . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . Ta b le B -6 : in c lu d i n g th e in d i c a t e d All j industries A ll w o rk e rs _____________________ _______________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e _______________________________________ A c c id e n ta l d eath and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e _____________________________________________ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o th 3 ____________________________ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ___________ S ic k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y a n d n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) _________________________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t i a l p a y o r w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) _________________________________ H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e _________________________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ___________________________________ M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ____________________________________ C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n __________________________________ N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n ______ Manufacturing Public utilities* of y e a rs. 91 82 E x c lu d e s w o rk ers who re c e iv e m o re H e a lth , In su ra n c e , a nd P e n sio n P la n s PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— T y p e o f p la n num ber 87 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance** 100 100 100 100 100 100 Services All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities* 100 100 100 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 93 95 98 99 89 98 92 99 99 100 86 42 35 64 52 72 41 43 35 64 46 71 94 38 97 46 100 26 93 61 99 69 91 6 95 89 96 94 100 44 82 64 93 77 83 87 99 79 33 91 7 t 59 25 26 t 79 78 45 16 83 98 98 65 19 90 45 40 17 16 94 14 82 80 15 12 37 3 98 98 32 9 92 11 57 54 8 8 90 f “ 49 46 12 8 90 3 4 93 93 32 8 82 t 70 68 34 23 64 3 t t 6 72 69 37 19 63 13 4 82 81 28 3 31 7 ~ Services 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n tc t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h e w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 U n d u p lic a te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to t h o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e ly e s t a b l i s h a t l e a s t th e m i n im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ’ p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n a n in d i v i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . t L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , D e c e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s or 15 Appendix: Job Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau1s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureaurs job descriptions may differ signifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau^ field representatives are instructed to exclude work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Office BILLER,BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers1 purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B - Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish m ents business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. 16 CLERK, FILE Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B - Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. CLERK, PAYR O LL STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. Prim ary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). COMPTOMETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Prim ary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. Prim ary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted material. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give infor mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 17 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST tion type This time TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’s while at switchboard. TABULATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Class A - Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni formity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools .as required. May pre pare, drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or pre liminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B - Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc. ; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. a nd Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc. , to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. 18 NURSE. INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following; Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. Mai ntenance TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering. a d P o w e r pl ant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY Perform s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, mo tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Perform s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: . Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. 19 MACHINE-TOOL, OPERATOR, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance’ mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va riety of machinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed re ducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (M AINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER , MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 20 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stockis and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe re quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers rimarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or eating systems are excluded. and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning Custodial a nd (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi cations; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 21 LABORER, M ATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is re sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre paring records of the goods shipped, making uphills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w are houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and customers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, (combination of sizes listed separately) light (under IV2 tons) medium (iVz to and~including 4 tons) heavy iover 4 tons, trailer type) heavy iover 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. n . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 1957 O - 421304 Bulletins in This Series Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1956 and early 1957. Bulletins for the fol lowing areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., or from any of the regional sales offices listed below. As additional bulletins become available, they w ill be listed in subsequent issues. Labor Market Survey Period Seattle, Wash. Buffalo, N. Y. Cleveland, Ohio Boston, Mass. D allas, Tex. Kansas City, Mo. August 1956 September 1956 October 1956 September 1956 October 1956 December 1956 BLS Bulletin Number 1202-1 1202-2 1202-3 1202-4 1202-5 1202-6 Price 25 25 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents Regional Sales Offices U.S. Department of L ab o r Bureau of L ab o r Statistics 18 O liver Street Boston 10, Mass. U .S . Department of L abor Bureau of L ab o r Statistics 50 Seventh Street, N . £ . Atlanta 23, Ga. U .S. Department of L ab o r Bureau of L ab o r Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue N e w York 1, N . Y . U .S. Department of L ab o r Bureau of L abo r Statistics 105 West Adams Street C hicago 3, 111. U .S . Department of L abo r Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San F ran cisco 11, C a lif.
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