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Occupational Wage Survey SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA JAN UARY 1957 Bulletin N o. 1202-8 UNITED STATES D EPA RTM EN T OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissionar House Document No. 63 85th Congress, 1st Session Occupational Wage Survey SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA JANUARY 1957 B u lle tin N o . 1 2 0 2 -8 UN ITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner March 1957 For sale b y the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing O ffic e , Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page 1 3 Tables: 1. 2. A: B: Establishments and w orkers within scope of s u r v e y --------Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straighttime hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods --Occupational earnings * A - 1: Office occupations ----------------------------------------------A -2: P rofession a l and technical occupations -----------------A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occupations ---------------A -4: Custodial and m aterial movement occupations -------Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B - l: Shift differen tial provisions --------------------------------B-2: Minimum entrance rates fo r women office B-3: B-4: B-5: B-6: Appendix: 2 3 oo in The Bureau of Labor Statistics regu larly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fa ll to ea rly spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A p relim in a ry report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month follow ing the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the e a rlie r report. A consolidated analytical bulletin sum m arizing the results of a ll of the y e a r ls surveys is issued a fter completion of the final area bulletin fo r the current round of surveys. Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends fo r selected occupational groups ---------------------------- o o The Community Wage Survey P rogram 1 12 Scheduled w eekly hours --------------------------------------Paid holidays ----------------------------------------------------Paid vacations --------------------------------------------------Health, insurance, and pension plans -------------------- 14 14 15 16 Job descriptions ----------------------------------------------------- 17 * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations fo r most of these items are available in the San Francisco-Oakland area reports fo r January of each year since 1950. The 1954 report also provides tabulations of wage structure ch aracteristics, labor-managem ent agreem ents, and overtim e pay p r o v i sions. The 1955 report also included data on frequency of wage payments, and pay provisions fo r holidays fallin g on nonworkdays. A d irectory indicating date of study and the p rice of the reports, as w ell as reports fo r other m ajor areas, is available upon request. Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels in the San Francisco-Oakland area are available fo r the fo l lowing trades or industries: Building construction, p rin t ing, lo ca l-tra n sit operating em ployees, and m otortruck d r iv e r s . Occupational Wage Survey - San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. Introduction The San Francisco-O akland area is one of severa l important industrial centers in which the Department of Labor*s Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (ex cluding railroa d s), communication, and other public u tilities; wholesale trade; reta il trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services . M ajor industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive indus tries . Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of w ork ers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant in clu sion .1 W herever possible, separate tabulations are provided fo r each of the broad industry divisions. to the w ork schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in a il establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu a lly surveyed. Because of differen ces in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provision s These surveys a re conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying a ll establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how eve r, a ll establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to a ll establishments in the industry grouping and area, except fo r those below the minimum size studied. Inform ation is presented also (in the B -s eries tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The term "o ffic e w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes a ll office c le ric a l em ployees and ex cludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plant w o rk ers" include working forem en and a ll nonsupervisory w ork ers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm in istrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and force-account construction em ployees who are utilized as a separate work fo rce are excluded. C afeteria w orkers and routemen a re ex cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected fo r study are common to a va riety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishm ent variation in duties within the same job (see appendix fo r listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) m ainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m a terial movement. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This inform ation is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant w orker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of w orkers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differen tials, the amount applying to a m a jority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the cla s sification "o th er" was used. Occupational employment and earnings data a re shown fo r fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to w ork a regular w eekly sched ule in the given occupational classification . Earnings data exclude premium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but co st-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where w eekly hours are reported, as for o ffice c le ric a l occupations, referen ce is Minimum entrance rates (table B -2) relate only to the estab lishments visited . They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated sta tis tica lly on the basis that these are applicable to a ll plant or office * This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional office in San Francisco, C a lif., by W illiam P . OfConnor, under the direction of John L. Dana, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table 1 fo r m inim um -size establishment covered. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the follow ing conditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. (i) 2 workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. 3 Because of rounding, sums of indi vidual items in these tabulations do not necessarily equal totals. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week*s pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a commer cial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions, 4 plans are included only if the employer (l) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker *s pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided according to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors* fees. Such plans may be underwritten by commer cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the w orker's life. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if 3 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section itof established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, table B-3) are presented in terms of the proportion of women office but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women were excluded. w orkers. Table 1: Establishm ents and w orkers w ithin scope of su rve y and num ber studied in San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , In d ustry division A l l d iv is io n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Finance, insurance, and rea l e s ta te -------------------------------------------------------Services 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M in im um em ploym ent in establish ments in scope of study 101 1 01 51 1 01 51 51 1 Num ber of establishments W ithin scope of study * Studied 1 ,0 9 6 250 345 751 58 239 109 180 165 by m a jo r ind ustry d ivision, Jan ua ry 1957 W orkers in establishments W ithin scope of study To ta l Studied Office Plant To ta l 326,300 82,100 183,600 176,690 83 167 132,800 193,500 22,400 59,700 91,300 ,300 6 2 ,360 114 330 27 34 47 35 24 57,400 31,700 43,500 39 , 1 0 0 21,800 9, 0 0 0 9, 700 32,200 13, 500 32,600 50,470 7, 740 28,490 20,750 6 , 880 3 9 2 6 ,0 0 0 30,800 (7) 5 1 ,1 0 0 (7) 3 1 San Fra n c is co -O a k la n d M etropolitan A re a (Alam eda, Contra Costa, M a rin , San F ra n c is c o , San Mateo, and Solano Counties). The "w ork ers w ithin scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and com position of the labor force included in the su rve y. The estimates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis of com parison w ith other area employment indexes to m easure em ploym ent trends or levels since ( l ) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied and ( 2 ) sm a ll establishments are excluded from the scope of the su rve y. ’ 2 Includes a ll establishments with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim itation . A ll outlets (within the a rea) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto rep air se rvice and m o tio n -p icture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent. ’ ^ Includes executive, technical, professional, and other w orke rs excluded from the separate office and plant categories. Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to w ater transportation. San F ra n c is c o ls transit system is m u nicip ally operated, and is therefore excluded, by definition, from the scope of the studies. ^ Estim ate relates to rea l estate establishments only. 7 Hotels; personal se rvices; business se rvices; automobile re p a ir shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion p ictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and a rch itectu ral se rvic e s. Th is industry d ivision is represented in estimates for "a ll ind ustrie s" and "nonm anufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups The table below presents indexes of salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and of average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on week ends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically im portant jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing ma chine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; key-punch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator-receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, gen eral; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled mainte nance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; me chanics, automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal workers; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average of January 1953 and January 1954 employment in the job. These weighted earn T a b le 2: ings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggre gate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggre ga-tes for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. The indexes measure, principally, the effects of (l) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reduc tions, and changes in the proportion of workers employed by estab lishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and r e sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Indexes for the period 1953 to 1956 for workers in 15 major labor markets appeared in BLS Bull. 1188, Wages and Related Benefits, 17 Labor Markets, 1955-56. In d e x e s o f s t a n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s an d s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , C a l if . , J a n u a ry 1957 and J a n u a ry 1956, and p e rc e n ts o f i n c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s In d e x e s (J a n u a ry 1953 = 100) In d u stry an d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p A i l in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) __ __ __ _ _ _ In d u s t ria l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) __ _ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m e n ) _ __ __ __ __ U n s k ille d p la n t (m e n ) ______ _________ __ J a n u a ry 1957 J a n u a ry 1956 P erc e n t in c re a s e s fro m — J a n u a ry 1956 to J a n u a ry 1957 J a n u a ry 1955 to J a n u a ry 1956 J a n u a ry 1954 to J a n u a ry 1955 J a n u a ry 1953 to J a n u a ry 1954 J a n u a ry 1952 to J a n u a ry 1953 J a n u a ry 1952 to J a n u a ry 1957 ___ _____ _____ _ _ __ __ _ _________ _____________ __ 118.3 1 2 1 .0 118.6 1 19 .4 112.7 113.8 110.4 *11 3.2 5 .0 6 .4 7 .5 5. 5 4 .8 2 .6 3 .7 4 .4 3 .0 6 .3 2 .4 3 .0 4. 4 4. 3 4 .0 6. 1 5 .2 7 .0 5 .8 6 .8 2 4 .4 2 9 .5 2 5 .5 27. 5 M a n u fa c tu rin g : O ffic e c le r i c a l (w o m e n ) _______________________________________ In d u s t ria l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) ____________________________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m e n ) ____________________________________ U n s k ille d pla n t (m e n ) __________________________________________ 118.1 122.5 120. 1 1 18.4 1 1 2 .8 114. 5 110.7 H 1 1.6 4. 7 7 .0 8 .5 6 .0 5 .4 2 .6 4. 1 4 .3 2 .4 6 .2 2 .2 4 .2 4. 5 5. 1 4 .0 4 .2 7 .0 7 .8 5 .8 6 .9 2 6 .3 3 2 .0 27. 1 1 R e v is e d e s t im a t e . 2 6 .6 A: Occupational Earnings 5 T a b le A -1 : O f fic e O c c u p a tio n s (Average stra ig h t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , by ind ustry d ivision , January 1957) Atekaqi Sex, occupation, and ind ustry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ Weekly 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 6 0 . 0 0 Weekly hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 45.00 50. 00 55. 00 60.00 65. 00 $65. 00 $ % $ 70. 00 75. 00 80. 70. 00 75.00 10 37 - 1 36 14 80. 00 $85. 00 *9 0 . 0 0 00 85.0 0 90.00 95. 00 $ 95. 00 1*0 0 . 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 *1*05.00 1*1 0 . 0 0 1*15. 00 ?2 105. 00 n o . 00 115.00 120 . 125.00 and 125. 00 over 00 0 . 00 Men $ C le rk s , accounting, class A ---------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------- 685 w r~ 286 91 112 C le rk s , accounting, class B ---------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 286 134 152 39 C le rk s , ord er --------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------- 806 62 266 540 490 C le rk s , p a y r o ll-----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------P ublic utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------- 135 Office b o y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------P ublic utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 565 Tab ulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g -------- ------------------------------------------------------— P ub lic utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 69 38 39.5 3$. 5 39.5 39.0 40.0 - 8 9 .0 0 92. 0 0 84. 50 92. 50 81.50 - - - 10 - _ _ 10 12 25 - - - - 2 10 12 23 39.5 8 6 . 50 T 9 . 5 " 91.00 40.0 84. 50 40.0 84.00 . - 87. 50 39.5 ■ 3975 ... 92. 50 39.5 82. 50 40.0 8 6 . 00 39.0 40. 0 38. 5 40.0 38.0 74.50 ~79'. 00“ 71.00 81.50 6 9 .0 0 8 6 6 9 - - 99 2 ? 72 72 78 87 72 67 127 38 89 84 14 14 6 10 1 1 14 - _ - 7 7 - 23 61 _ _ 1 - - 366 50 158 47 — F7 30 4 481 147 334 48 89 151 39. 0 38. 5 39.0 39.5 39.5 38. 5 82. 0 0 87.00 79.50 85. 50 87. 50 73. 00 _ _ _ B ille r s , machine (b illin g m a c h in e )--------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------P ub lic utilities * ---------------------------------------------------------------- 449 104 345 239 39.5 " 3 9 .5 39.5 40.0 B ille r s , machine (bookkeeping m a c h in e )---------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174 1 52 124 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A -------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B — -------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 45 40 11 - - 4 153 62 91 153 30 123 16 17 2 6 2 1 11 1 1 20 63 51 26 2 - - 3 3 57 _ - _ _ - _ - - - 3 17 17 _ _ 15 70.00 “ 73759” 69. 50 71.50 _ - . " 40.0 40. 0 40.0 63.50 “ 63.50 65.00 _ - _ - 1 - 171 58 113 79 39.0 39.0 38. 5 39.0 76.00 “ 73'. 59... 76. 00 76.00 . . - - - - - - 1,718 2 l2 1,506 281 39.5 38. 5 40.0 40.0 39.5 40.0 199 199 321 2 6 4 4 - 14 99 — 5T44 6 6 _ - 78 16 62 24 TW ~ 11 11 47 2 o 27 14 54. 50 53.50 55.00 58.00 54. 50 6 58 29 29 4 19 4 39.0 39.5 38. 5 39.5 38. 5 51 45 8 49 23 26 2 12 17 9 ll 22 - 1 108 55 53 9 27 30 25 2 22 97 77 32 45 9 18 11 5 - 6 51 _ 46 11 -------- 5 — 6 8 3 - - 46 4 42 4 63 5 11 75 12 4 4 20 3 5 21 66 66 83 4l 42 10 6 - " - Ill 53 58 58 73 44 29 29 75 15 60 40 16 5 1 1 - 16 18 30 12 11 36 13 3 28 18 10 10 - 10 15 15 15 . 20 18 3 19 2 6 2 2 3 - - - 5 5 ' - - - - - 7 5 2 * - - 2 - - - - 16 2 10 - 6 2 6 10 8 - 6 2 2 4 ~ - - 2 2 - - - - - - 12 - - 6 - 82 32 50 - - 2 - 81 - 7 5 2 2 12 - * 4 4 - 6 11 1 — - 24 20 9 H) - 8 8 3 3 - 7 3 4 4 21 - 16 15 rr~ 4 17 ? - 1 6 29 12 96 56 40 33 16 49 7 23 1 S'4 32 13 15 4 4 4 27 — n r17 - 57 29 28 14 116 19 15 4 4 Women 62 1,097 3 3 60.00 “ 73799” 58.00 64.00 6 8 . 50 55. 50 _ _ 3 199 10 10 64 3 101 — n 61 86 3 44 62 7 36 30 1 31 31 7 26 _ 2 21 1 - 6 2 15 15 410 - ? 320 25 403 43 291 344 _ 396 41 355 88 14 232 126 44 82 42 81 8l 81 23 16 7 3 179 35 144 85 35 19 10 26 18 11 9 9 21 8 - 18 130 56 74 38 1 _ ” 1 2 - - - 3 8 1 8 - 2 12 1 - - 6 1 1 - - 49 16 15 ' 41 41 5 3 3 - 43 39 2 8 - - 43 36 “ 29" 7 1 6 - 22 21 . - 47 8 1 - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - 2 " - 28 28 - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - “ " ■ " ■ ~ 1 - - 1 See footnote at end of table. * Tra n sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilitie s. ** Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. 4 20554 0 - 57-2 Occupational Wage S urvey, San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , Jan ua ry 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of La bo r Statistics 6 T a b le A - l: O f f ic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (Average stra ig h t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San Fra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif ., by ind ustry d ivision , January 1957) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weeklyj Weeklyj hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 40.00 45. 00 $50. 00 $55. 00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 $85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 foo .’oo ? 0 5 .00 f 10.00 f 15.00 120.00 ?25.00 and and under 45. 00 50. 00 55.00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over Women - Continued C le rk s , accounting, class A ------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------P ublic utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------R etail trade ---------------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,214 185 1,029 406 170 76 127 39. 5 39.0 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 38. 5 77.00 83.50 76.00 76.50 77. 50 76. 50 68. 50 _ _ “ C le rk s , accounting, class B ------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,687 5 9 T 1,288 154 208 256 574 39.0 39. b 39.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 38.5 65.00 73. 60 62. 50 69.50 67. 50 64.00 57. 50 _ _ _ C le rk s , file , class A --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 429 71 358 95 53 169 39.0 58. 5 39.0 40.0 39. 5 38. 5 68. 50 73. 50 67. 50 73.00 70. 50 65. 50 _ C le rk s , file , class B --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,929 R l~ ~ 1, 785 233 219 101 1,129 39.0 39. 0 38. 5 40. 0 39. 5 39.5 38.0 52. 50 59.30 52. 00 62. 50 55. 00 54.00 48. 50 *279 C le rk s , ord e r -----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------- — ------------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 205 ?1 134 63 71 40. 0 40. 0 40.0 40. 0 40. 0 72. 50 74.00 71.50 84.00 60. 50 - C le rk s , p a y r o l l --------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------P ublic utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 793 376 417 57 118 113 100 39.0 39. o 39. 0 39.0 39.5 39.5 38.5 76. 50 77. 00 75. 50 82.00 82. 50 69. 50 71.00 1 1 - Com ptom eter o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities * ------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------------R etail t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,414 456 958 71 398 409 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 40.0 69.00 71.00 67. 50 77. 50 67. 50 67. 50 Duplicating-m achine operators (m im eograph or d it t o )--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 186 9§ 91 39.5 46. 0 39.5 62. 50 62. $0 63.00 . _ _ - - - - - 1 1 _ _ . _ - _ - _ _ - . _ _ _ - - - _ - - - - . _ - _ - _ - _ . - _ _ - 8 8 8 - 11 5 6 6 - - - - 10 10 10 - 2 2 2 - 54 " 16 38 12 18 4 2 14 8 6 6 _ - 5 2 3 3 _ - 4 2 2 2 _ _ - - 2 2 _ ' - 30 14 16 16 _ . _ - _ - - - _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - 172 29 143 51 45 10 15 131 20 111 39 26 11 13 417 38 379 98 29 35 30 161 17 144 95 13 14 12 79 lb 63 8 45 2 5 30 18" 12 5 2 3 2 83 3 80 _ _ 80 199 2 197 8 12 23 154 275 12 263 34 19 30 154 332 88 244 33 35 60 102 339 59 280 19 46 126 62 164 45 119 19 70 10 18 129 73 56 10 18 6 4 49 30 19 3 6 1 - 76 72 4 2 2 - 1 1 . _ - 39 13 26 26 _ - - 4 4 _ 4 51 51 32 35 35 18 5 6 92 20 72 21 12 33 88 ------I T 73 7 3 54 65 4 61 23 26 12 23 4 19 5 13 17 8 9 3 2 4 34 20 14 5 9 2 2 2 1 1 1 _ - 17 17 17 - - 581 6 575 4 56 10 483 372 41 330 6 41 62 184 333 32 301 103 52 20 126 150 32 118 52 16 5 45 59 32 12 4 11 60 7 53 8 1 28 1 27 27 - . _ - - _ - . - - 25 7 18 18 - - 13 13 13 5 5 5 78 10 68 26 42 28 17 11 _ 11 19 T9 _ - 23 12 11 11 - 7 7 _ - 1 1 - _ - 5 3 2 13 2 11 11 18 1 17 2 _ 8 7 45 '2 2 23 1 _ 13 4 153 64 89 5 6 55 14 139 79 60 2 15 16 23 127 76 51 13 20 7 11 114 39 75 10 31 10 16 99 59 40 9 20 _ 10 54 54 22 4 62 7 55 2 18 15 306 89 217 6 167 31 459 l4f> 314 13 66 228 297 101 196 12 67 116 90 38 52 10 24 9 66 45 21 3 16 - 49 1? 32 9 18 5 23 31 3 28 53 29 24 38 18 20 18 12 6 10 4 6 4 3 1 - - _ _ - _ 2 _ 1 1 _ - 1 - 9 8 1 - - See footnotes at end of table. * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. ** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. . . _ _ 67 1 66 39 6 _ 15 - - _ _ . _ 48 48 27 _ _ 21 - 2305 1 2304 1 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 14 _ 14 18 5 75 16 - 30 17 13 9 4 _ - 65 29 36 35 _ 1 - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - _ . - - . _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ - 7 T a b le A - l : O ffice O c c u p a t io n s > C ontin u e d (Average s tra ig h t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , by industry d ivision, Jan ua ry 1957) A verage Women - Continued K e y-punch operators — — --------- — ------M a n u fa ctu rin g ----- — ------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------P ublic utilities * ------------------------Wholesale trade ----------------— — R etail t r a d e ------------------------------— Finance * * ---------------------------------- — 1 ,5 6 6 431 1 ,1 3 5 129 194 66 655 3 9 .0 39. 0 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 $ 65. 50 68. 00 64. 50 7 3 .0 0 69. 50 6 6 .5 0 60. 50 384 I W 194 114 3 9 .0 J9: o 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 5 6 .0 0 27 5 8 .5 0 ’ — r~ 5 3 .5 0 26 5 1 .0 0 26 Office g i r l s -------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------Nonmanufacturing Finance * * ---------- — S e c r e ta r ie s -------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------Nonmanufacturing P ublic utilities * Wholesale trade R etail t r a d e ------Finance * * ---------- 3, 359 T ," 1 7 4 2 ,1 8 5 245 42 7 224 964 Stenographers, general ---------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g --------------------------P ublic utilities * -----------------------Wholesale t r a d e ------------------------R etail t r a d e --------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------ 3 ,8 7 6 1, 392 2 ,4 8 4 512 344 126 1,1 0 0 Stenographers, te c h n ic a l------------------- 181 Switchboard o p e r a t o r s ------------------------ ' ' 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 38. 5 3 9 .0 39. 0 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 82. 50 ~ W T W 7 9 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 77. 50 - 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 49 2 47 3 2 42 191 34 157 4 6 2 145 310 87 223 18 48 8 149 366 TTJF“ 258 25 39 27 117 54 — IT " 37 27 _ _ _ - . - 25 . 16 _ . . - 387 25 170 110 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 66. 68. 64. 77. 63. 62. 00 b() 50 50 50 50 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s --------M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------— ------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g --------------------------P ublic u t ilit ie s * -----------------------Finance * * ------------------ — ------ ------- 413 132 281 73 143 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 76. 76. 76. 85. 70. 50 00 50 00 50 Tra n sc rib in g -m a ch in e operators, general M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------N onm an ufa ctu rin g ----------------------------------------Wholesale trade -------------------------------------Finance * * -------------------------------------------------- 668 152 516 159 333 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 38. 5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 6 6 .0 0 ? 1 . 50 64. 50 64. 50 6 4 .0 0 _ - 40 40 2 - 104 55 49 14 216 44 172 6 17 3 122 127 ------73“ — 54 41 . - 39 4 6 - - 29 39 - 71 304 --------7“ ------53“ 64 251 3 54 2 16 2 6 57 105 8 32 75. 00 210 75 135 12 29 24 62 28 23 n r ~ ------ 17“ — 18 10 4 2 437 64 373 25 28 57 162 346 93 253 14 63 27 101 695 94 601 92 61 43 294 892 334 558 112 76 24 229 657 “ Z81 376 64 63 25 182 20 35 14 - 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 85 18 67 27 87 42 45 35 8 - 41 ll 30 1 28 - 16 2 2 - - 193 15 178 11 18 7 119 - 15 12 rz “ - *8 5 .0 0 * 9 0 .0 0 * 9 5 .0 0 f t o . o o 1*05.00 1*10.00 1*15.00 1*20.00 1*25.00 - - - - - - - - an d 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 11 TO1 1 - . - - - - over - - - 2 1 - - - - - - - ‘ 7 - - . - - - - - - -------- j - - - - - “ - - - - 598 157.." 411 56 79 47 190 481 174 307 34 58 54 133 359 118 241 40 53 7 110 295 171 124 12 49 11 32 219 93 126 11 38 11 52 126 83 43 13 14 1 13 118 57 61 22 11 1 18 67 56 11 10 1 25 13 12 3 1 2 475 I7 F " ' 297 66 60 10 144 316 2(J3“ 113 17 29 9 48 241 174 67 19 25 3 9 87 32 55 34 8 2 7 44 28 16 7 4 1 - 50 7 43 41 1 - 4 1 3 1 - - - - 22 3 7 - - - - - 26 ll 15 4 2 7 27 27 27 - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - - - - 19 5 - * - 29 27 24 3 2 26 3 - . - 28 28 4 5 1 18 268 7 261 4 5 8 19 220 5 215 12 50 71 70 130 15 115 17 23 20 55 109 57 52 8 3 16 17 38 16 22 2 10 2 8 56 7B" 28 20 4 4 - 11 11 3 8 - - - - - - - - . - 14 14 - 77 45 32 . 20 9 56 8 48 11 18 2 59 38 21 6 1 14 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - . - - - - 69 35 84 44 40 2 6 10 12 T 3 3 - 90 26 64 _ 43 8 213 82 131 - . 40 7 33 2 13 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 3 49 20 29 13 5 28 3 25 8 2 - - - - - - - 3 72 9 63 11 32 - - 73 6 67 6 44 1 1 3 66 56 30 1 29 _ - 58 29 29 1 28 51 95 2 93 38 55 178 24 154 45 103 175 46 129 56 67 96 33 63 14 37 33 24 9 2 7 14 13 1 14 . _ - . 2 _ 2 - 2 See footnote at end of table. * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities * * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. - - 646 z w ~ - 6 9 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 74. 50 6 4 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 64. 50 6 4 .0 0 Switchboard operator - receptionists M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g --------------------------Public utilities * -----------------------Wholesale trade -----------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------ - 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 40. 0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 N o nm an ufa ctu rin g --------------------------P ublic utilities * -----------------------Wholesale t r a d e ------------------------Retail t r a d e --------------------------------Finance * * ------------------------------------ . - *5 0 .0 0 *55. 00 *6 0 .0 0 *6 5 .0 0 * 7 0 .0 0 *7 5 .0 0 - 3 9 .0 7 1 .0 0 T O - "T 5 7 W 3 9 .0 6 9 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 7 2 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 3 9 .5 6 7 .0 0 3 9 .0 913 139 774 98 102 125 202 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------- *4 5 .0 0 o o hours 1 (Standard) N U M B E R OP WORKERS RE C E IV IN G STRA IGH T-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR NING S OF— *4 0 .0 0 and eftrninss1 (Standard) under 4 5 .0 0 o Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers - - 51 - 51 - ' - - 55 21 34 33 8 --------7“ 1 - - - - - - - - * “ - ‘ 6 4" 2 _ - 2 2 1 - 3 - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - 3 - 10 6 4 4 1 - 2 - 2 2 - 1 - 3 - 1 - 8 T a b le A - l: O f f ic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (Average stra ig h t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San Fra n c is co-O akland, C a lif. , by ind ustry d ivision , Jan ua ry 1957) A verage S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s t ry d iv is i o n Number of workers N U M B E R OF WORKERS R E CE IVIN G STRA IGH T-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR NING S OF— $ Weekly. hours (Standard) Weekly , earnings (Standard) $ 4 0 .0 0 and under 45, 00., $ $ $ $75. 00 $80. 00 *85. 00 *9 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 60. 00 $65. 00 70. 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 294 438 45 393 52 30 12 273 359 177 182 19 12 14 119 172 85 87 7 18 12 37 145 112 50 62 22 - 4 1 1 1 14 14 27 15 - 662 217 445 32 118 26 246 253 132 121 14 47 20 34 49 26 23 3 16 77 27 50 6 26 23 3 . _ ■ 3 _ _ *9 5 .0 0 1*00.00 1*05. 00 1*10.00 1*15.00 ? 2 0 .0 0 ?25. 00 an d 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 11 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 over W o m e n - C on tin u ed $ T y p i s t s , c l a s s A ----------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ---------------------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ,2 3 3 198 98 812 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o le s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ,1 0 9 643 2 ,4 6 6 108 398 131 1 ,6 0 8 3 9 .0 39. 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 1 ,7 1 6 w r~ 64 6 6 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 70. 50 65. 50 6 3 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 3 9 .0 39. 5 5 7 .0 0 62. 50 5 6 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 57. 50 5 9 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 - 22 - - - 22 373 373 1 6 _ 3 66 134 - 134 6 16 22 2 126 278 37 25 23 193 420 703 846 58 l6o 645 3 58 31 493 686 46 75 45 443 _ - 420 3 75 5 326 - 4 “ 88 57 18 10 - 44 2 - - 26 - - “ ■ 14 . ‘ _ _ - . _ - . _ _ - . - . _ _ . _ _ . ' _ _ _ _ _ _ . ■ - " _ - _ _ _ _ - . _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ - 1 Standard hours reflect the w orkweek for which employees receive their reg ular stra ig h t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Includes 48 w orkers at $35 and under $40. 3 Includes 4 w orke rs at $35 and under $40. * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities. ** Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. Ta b le A - 2 : Professional a nd Technical O ccupatio ns (Average stra ig h t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , by ind ustry d ivision, Jan ua ry 1957) Average Number Sex, occupation, and ind ustry division of workers Weekly (Standard) Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) N U M B E R OF WORKERS RE C E IV IN G STRA IGH T-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR N IN G S OF— Under $ 60. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130. 00 135.00 140. 00 and and under 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115. 00 120.00 125. 00 130.00 135. 00 140. 00 over Men D raftsm en, le a d e r --------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 101 86 39.5 39.5 $ 122.00 121.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - " - ‘ " 14 14 . ~ 7 7 2 2 8 8 23 15 28 25 10 10 4 1 5 4 D raftsm en, s e n i o r --------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 411 275 136 40.0 39. 5 40.0 104.50 107. 50 98. 50 - - 4 4 10 10 20 l2 8 9 1 8 2 2 22 18 4 51 25 26 70 52 18 83 48 35 63 49 14 42 41 1 25 2l 4 4 3 1 - 1 1 - 5 4 l D raftsm en, jun io r --------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o nm an ufa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 181 109 72 40.0 ~4070~ 40.0 26 8 18 1 1 22 4 18 25 23 2 15 l5 ' 31 24 7 33 20 13 18 6 12 4 4 “ " - - ■ - . - “ - 150 119 40. 0 40. 0 6 3" 30 28 30 21 24 20 11 4 22 2Q 11 11 10 9 1 1 2 2 1 - - - - . 80. 50 6 82. 00 -------- 5 1 78. 00 Women Nu rse s, ind ustria l (r e g is t e r e d )------------------------------------------Manufacturing 83. 50 84. 50 2 _ 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their reg ular stra ig h t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. Occupational Wage S urvey, San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif ., January 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of La bo r Statistics 9 T a b le A -3: M a in te n a n c e a n d P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a tio n s (Average h ou rly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , by industry d ivision, Jan ua ry 1957) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Occupation and ind ustry division Average1 $ hourly 1. 80 earnings and under 1.90 C a rpe nte rs, m a in ten an ce ---------------------------------------Manufacturing _ _ _ __ ________ _ ____ N o nm anufacturing___ __ _______ _ Public utilities * _________________________ 334 229 105 31 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. E le c tric ia n s , maintenance „ __ ______ _ _ M a n ufa cturin g _______________________________ 667 516 525 70 66 80 53 1.90 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 $ $ 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 64 26 38 6 - 27 6 21 5 - - 8 6 64 63 11 4 _ 12 12 - 28 1 27 15 - 18 4 2. 38 2. 43 1 - __ ___ 1,095 835 2. 20 2. 2$ 3 3 124 16 199 89 76 57 628 625 ---29 M achine-tool operators, to o lro o m ____ _ ___ M a n ufa cturin g _______________________________ 155 155 2. 64 2. 64 _ . _ _ _ - - - - 12 12 M achinists, maintenance _ ___ __ ___ ___ M a n ufa cturin g _______ _____________________ No nm an ufa ctu rin g______ __________________ 1,517 1,425 92 2. 70 2. 71 2. 58 _ - _ - _ - - Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) M a n ufa cturin g _______________________________ __ ________ __ _ __ Nonm anufacturing Public utilities * 889 111 778 705 2. 65 2. 68 2.65 2. 65 . - _ - 2 2 - Mechanics, m aintenance______________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g----- -------------------- _ __ 723 646 77 2. 63 2. 65 2. 50 _ - 1 1 - M illw rig h ts __ Manufacturing 152 2. 66 152 ----- F 7 S V ~ _ 184 2. 17 2. 60 102 64 38 37 - _ - 129 103 O ile rs _ _ __ _ ________ ______ ____ M a n ufa cturin g ______________________________ 2. 50 6 6 - _ - F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r __ ___ _ ____ Manufacturing - „ _____ __ ________ _ _____________________ _ ___ __ ________ __ ____ ___ 3. 40 143 4 139 22 36 54 77 37 48 25 298 81 52 H e lpe rs, trades, maintenance ___________ Manufacturing __ ____ __ __________ 3. 30 136 136 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. _ 3. 20 300 183 - . 24 25 17 -------- T V 55 -------- w ~ - 78 31 47 - - 2 1 16 16 30 29 - 48 46 2 2 2 2 68 58 10 5 * 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 - 11 10 1 1 48 48 - 10 10 - _ - . - 2 2 _ _ 1 1 _ _ - . - 1 1 - _ _ _ . _ - - 8 8 _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ - ■ 64 64 42 42 16 16 _ . _ _ - 1 1 * - - - . - 2 1 1 9 3 6 61 61 - 102 36 66 798 78l 17 308 306 2 19 19 - 86 86 - 49 49 - 10 10 - 72 72 - 1 1 - - _ - 10 10 - 4 2 2 2 6 6 6 14 7 7 7 58 4 54 54 682 55 627 575 93 29 64 59 10 7 3 - 4 2 2 2 6 5 1 - - _ - _ - - _ - _ - 1 1 - 12 12 36 178 155 23 74 49 25 118 105 13 233 227 6 _ 2 2 - 66 66 - _ - _ - - - 2 2 - - - _ . . _ 3 3 _ _ _ - - 6 6 _ - 10 10 _ - 113 113 _ - 17 n — _ 17 -------T7 78 78 45 10 16 16 . - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 12 12 - - - 63 1 62 - 11 7 4 4 38 23 15 15 60 28 32 7 85 8 8 _ - _ - - - 38 21 17 - 2 2 - 1 1 15 14 77 ------71------ _ . - 2 24 24 22 30 - _ 1 4 _ _ -------- T W ~ — 2 7 T T 26 10 - 3 3 _ - 2. 2. 2. 2. 57 64 49 43 _ - . - _ - - - - - - - 1 1 1 P ip efitte rs, maintenance ____ __ _ __ _ M a n ufa cturin g ______ ____ ______ ___ 371 345 2/69 2. 69 _ _ _ _ - - - 1 1 S heet-m etal w o rk e rs, m ain ten an ce ___________ 53 2. 60 . . - - - 1 - T o o l and die makers __________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________ 891 2.97 2. 97 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 1 Excludes pre m ium pay for overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 A ll w orkers were at $3. 50 to $ 3 .6 0 . * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. ** Finance, insurance, and real estate. — 8 8 -------- g----- ----------r l 308 170 138 27 - - . 3 3 3. 50 and over 20 20 P ain te rs, maintenance ________________________ ________ Manufacturing „ _______ _______ No nm an ufa ctu rin g__________________________ Public utilities * __ ___ ___ ____ _ W T~ $ 3. 10 45 24 2 - $ 3. 00 73 73 _ $ $ 2. 90 7 4 _ $ 2. 80 4 4 " 2. 71 2. 74 $ 2. 70 7 4 3 3 - Engineers, s t a t io n a r y _________________________ M a n ufa cturin g _______________________________ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g__________________________ R etail trade _ __ ________ __ ___ „ ____ ___ ____ __ Finance ** __ __ TFT $ $ $ 2. 60 115 107 8 1 - 4 - $ 2. 50 80 56 24 22 - 5 1 4 4 $ 2. 40 1 1 - 17 3 14 - $ 3 82 3 232 213 20 41 - - - _ . _ - - - _ - - - _ - _ _ - - 2 2 - _ _ _ - - - 21 21 - - - _ _ _ - _ - - 20 41 664 ~F54 77 77 54 54 _ 28 - - - - _ - 28 Occupational Wage S urvey, San Fra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a li f ., Jan ua ry 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ure au of La b o r Statistics 10 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s ( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y in d u s t ry d iv is io n , J a n u a ry 1957) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n 1 and in d u s t r y d iv is i o n Average hourly 2 $ 1. 10 earnings and under 1.2 0 $ $ 1. 20 *1 . 30 1 .4 0 $ 1. 50 1. 30 1 .4 0 1.5 0 1. 60 $ , 1. 60 $1. 70 1. 70 1. 80 $ 1.80 1.90 $ 1.9 0 2. 00 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 2. 10 2. 20 $ $ 2. 20 2. 30 2. 30 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 2. 50 2 .6 0 $ $ $ 2. 60 2 .7 0 2. 80 2 .7 0 2. 80 and over E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (m e n ) ____________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ ___________________________ F in a n c e * * _ 369 351 128 $ 1.62 1.61 1. 75 - - 6 6 6 2 2 1 35 27 10 150 147 110 22 19 - - - - - - 143 143 1 11 7 - - - - - - E l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) _________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _ .... _ R e t a il t r a d e 298 260 134 1 .7 5 1.72 1. 74 2 2 2 3 3 3 15 15 15 24 24 1 7 7 5 5 91 91 _ _ - - - - - - 2 2 2 31 - - 118 111 111 - - G u a r d s _ _________ __ __________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________________________ ________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ F i n a n c e * * ___ ___________________________________ 536 295 241 34 127 1. 85 2. 03 1.63 1.69 1.6 8 _ - 2 2 - 107 107 6 23 30 3 27 6 21 39 2 37 17 20 66 57 9 1 8 128 103 25 25 41 38 3 2 1 51 51 - 9 9 - 2 28 28 2 26 24 22 2 - - 1 1 1 - - - J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ___________ M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * W h o le s a l e tr a d e R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________________ F i n a n c e * * _________________________________________ 4, 315 1,4 1 5 2 ,9 0 0 457 122 424 595 1. 81 1.96 1. 74 1. 74 1.85 1.7 2 1 .7 6 _ - 3 3 2 1 254 8 246 3 2 36 125 125 55 33 13 197 13 184 65 17 6 293 58 235 48 6 52 32 1017 61 956 23 29 16 531 1186 323 863 164 46 234 8 727 531 196 96 39 5 2 151 90 61 3 15 2 342 311 31 14 20 20 - _ - - - - - * - J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c l e a n e r s (w o m e n ) . M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ ....... . P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * R e t a i l t r a d e _____ _______________________________ F i n a n c e * * ___ ___________________________________ 618 81 537 44 70 246 1.72 1.8 2 1.71 1.5 8 1.75 1 .7 5 3 2 2 - 5 54 10 44 33 1 13 6 7 3 4 323 4 319 3 116 25 91 1 54 27 27 7 7 - - 6 6 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - " 245 “ - - - - - - “ “ ~ " 18 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g M a n u f a c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ ____ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * . . . . . W h o le s a l e t r a d e R e t a il t r a d e _ ... . 5,335 2, 551 2, 784 958 1, 356 467 O r d e r fi lle r s M a n u f a c t u r in g _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ........... W h o le s a l e t r a d e __________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _______________________________________ 1, 532 410 1, 122 945 177 2. 10 2. 18 2 .0 7 2. 06 2. 12 P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g (m e n ) M a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g W h o le s a l e t r a d e _________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e ___ . 664 356 308 203 103 1.99 2 .0 2 1.96 1.99 1. 89 P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (w o m e n ) N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 354 64 1 .6 4 l.* 4 465 201 264 152 99 2. 17 2. 18 2. 16 2. 13 2 .2 1 R e c e iv i n g c l e r k s _ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ _ R e t a il t r a d e _ _ _ ... _ _ . . . . ..... S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . 42 . 07 2 . 01 2. 12 2. 25 2. 00 2. 20 * - 5 3 3 - - - - 5 3 62 62 4 1 - - ~ - - - - _ 4 - - - - - - 4 4 4 - - - - 4 18 6 6 6 48 29 19 9 6 4 40 - 2 8 7 1 _ 15 - 15 - - 19 11 8 - - 1 - 15 8 12 12 14 32 - - - 14 32 4 1 3 - - - 2 - 2 4 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - * _ - 17 3 50 6 14 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . - 40 2 31 7 2165 1384 781 100 601 80 1619 924 695 64 620 11 228 115 113 3 73 36 640 85 555 310 11 232 537 76 461 416 45 426 178 248 226 22 196 196 179 17 143 10 133 98 35 42 11 31 26 5 142 130 12 9 6 3 19 --------14 5 14 32 3 367 140 227 197 30 - 212 2 38 32 3 3 20 16 _ 1 5 2 3 15 4 11 - - 2 9 _ - - 1 - - 1 - _ _ 12 2 65 53 12 6 6 _ _ _ - 180 92 88 75 10 121 --------3 i 87 52 35 315 -----309 280 8 21 - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - “ 10 10 - _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - _ - - - - - 202 8 194 180 _ 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 50 - - - 8 8 93 72 21 _ _ 45 45 _ _ 8 - _ - 21 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 - - - - - _ _ _ _ . . - 58 25 33 21 5 - 38 16 22 - 22 - “ 16 4 12 2 10 29 24 5 - - - _ 2 _ - - 2 2 - 5 - - - - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a ry 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 11 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in Sa n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y in d u s t ry d iv is io n , J a n u a ry 1957) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n 1 an d in d u s t r y d iv is i o n Number of workers Average hourly * earnings $ $ 1. 10 under 1 .2 0 S h ip p in g c l e r k s __ _____________ _ ___ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ . . N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e ________________________________ 255 110 145 105 $ 2. 19 2. 17 2 .2 1 2. 19 S h ip pin g and r e c e iv i n g c l e r k s ______________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _____________________________________ 559 205 354 231 106 2. 30 2 .2 7 2 .3 2 2 .4 0 2. 14 T r u c k d r i v e r s 5 _________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _______________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________ _______ __________________________________ _ R e t a il t r a d e 4, 160 785 3, 380 1, 976 897 425 2 .4 2 2 .5 0 2 .4 0 2. 37 2. 39 2. 53 T r u c k d r i v e r s , lig h t (u n d e r lY?, t o n s ) _ M a n u f a c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________ 457 165 292 60 129 2. 37 2 .4 8 2 .3 0 2 .2 3 2 .2 9 T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m (1 Yz to and in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) ___________ __________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _________________ ______ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ___________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________ R e t a il tr a d e ___________ __________________ 1, 728 370 1, 358 730 322 297 T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ) ______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __________________________ 911 133 778 544 $ 1. 20 1 .3 0 ' 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 60 ~ " ~ 1. 70 1 .5 0 1 .4 0 1 .6 0 $ 1. 70 " 1. 80 2. 00 2. 10 1 .9 0 " 2 .0 0 ■ 2. 10 " 2 .2 0 107 39 68 31 24 194 27 167 167 " 25 23 2 2 - " - 87 5 82 29 43 10 525 71 454 363 90 - 902 180 722 370 269 3 1532 204 1328 812 395 121 732 61 671 344 88 239 152 145 7 7 89 79 10 10 58 3i 25 25 81 2 79 26 43 55 34 21 21 178 36 142 29 39 2 2 - 30 1 29 26 88 88 - 1 1 - 6 6 - 447 28 419 349 69 261 90 171 36 15 120 206 20 186 32 154 35 28 7 7 77 77 - 34 2b 14 14 - 530 Ti 457 315 332 21 311 229 29 29 11 1 10 639 600 361 238 84 19 65 35 30 " “ “ 25 2 23 20 4 1 3 3 - _ - _ - - - 10 10 10 - 23 1 22 9 12 _ - - - 2 - - _ - _ - 13 13 13 - 6 6 6 - 8 8 8 - - - - - - 23 1 22 12 10 _ _ - - _ - 4 4 4 12 1 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 - 13 13 12 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 648 104 544 341 194 2 - - - - - - - - - - " - - ~ - - - - - ■ 9 9 ~ “ - - - - - - - - - - ■ - - - - - - - - " " ' ~ ~ 76 40 36 36 32 32 - 367 “ T it 149 50 88 313 305 8 6 33 9 24 " 268 238 30 15 67 67 19 lb 84 84 7 7 53 48 5 59 47 12 - 2 2 - - - _ - - _ - - - - 39 51 36 30 33 53 - - - - - 2 .4 9 2. 50 2 .4 8 2 .4 8 - - 817 111 706 396 304 2 .4 5 2 .4 9 2 .4 4 2 .4 3 2 .4 5 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (f o r k li f t ) ______________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------- ------------------------- — P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ____________________________ _ W h o le s a le t r a d e ________________________________ 1, 069 8 l9 250 79 134 2. 16 2. 15 2 .2 0 2. 19 2. 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - “ - - " - - - T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o th e r th an f o r k l i f t ) __________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ ______________________________ 269 2 .2 5 2 .2 6 _ _ . _ _ . . _ - - - - - - W a t c h m e n __ __________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________ _____________ ________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________ ________________ 408 251 157 1. 86 1.91 1 .7 8 9 18 7 11 13 7 6 4 2 2 9 1 11 ------42 n ---------- 5-----25 5 1 D a t a l im it e d to m e n w o r k e r s , e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . 3 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $1 to $ 1 . 10 4 C e r t a i n m a n u fa c t u r in g w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in e a r l i e r r e p o r t s w e r e r e c l a s s i f i e d an d e x c lu d e d . 5 In c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e a n d type o f tr u c k o p e ra t e d . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . " 39 4 35 — 64 ¥3— 19 14 14 - 25 20 94 ~ Z 8 -----26 and over 43 39 4 4 - - 2. 70 84 32 52 50 2 2 - _ - 2. 80 ■ 2 .8 0 74 45 29 20 9 - - 2 .7 0 6 6 _ - $ 2. 60 26 20 6 2 - 17 17 15 ~ 2. 60 2. 50 $ $ 2. 50 ■ 49 16 33 25 - - 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 0 16 3 13 6 - - 2. 30 $ 2 .3 0 48 10 38 29 - - 2 .2 0 74 39 35 35 " - - $ $ 1 .9 0 T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , o th e r th an t r a i l e r t y p e ) _________________ _________ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g _________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e ____________________________ $ $ $ 1 .8 0 _ - - 2 2 $ 32 22 10 6 - _ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. $ 1 .4 0 - H a d th ey b e e n in c lu d e d the e a r n in g s w o u ld h av e b e e n : - _ 18 A l l in d u s t r i e s , - - 2 2 2 - - 13 13 13 - - - ' _ ' " - 18 13 5 " ' 13 - 13 ■ “ “ “ " - / 13 7 ? 60 60 - - - - - - - - - - $2 . 13; m a n u fa c t u r in g , - $ 2 . 13. B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions T a b le B-1 : S h ift D iffe r e n tia l P r o v is io n s ' P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s — (a ) In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h if t w o rk W i t h s h if t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l U n ifo r m 4 5 6 7 8 S e c o n d s h if t T h ird o r oth e r s h if t 9 2 .9 9 2 .0 1 6 .3 4 .8 ________________________________ 9 2 .9 9 2 .0 1 6 .3 4 .8 ___________________________________________ 4 8 .5 3 5 .8 9 .7 3 .9 ____________ c e n ts (p e r h o u r ) c en ts c en ts c en ts c en ts c en ts T h ird o r oth e r s h if t w o r k (b ) A c t u a lly w o r k in g on— ________ __ __ __ ____ _______________ ___________ __ _ _________ ______ ____ ________________ __ _ ________ ____________________________ __ __ ________ ______________________________________________ ________ ________ __ 9 .3 9 c e n t s ______________________________ ________________________________ ___ _ _____ __ ___ ___________ 10 c e n t s 13 c e n t s 13 73 c e n t s __________________________ __ . . _______________ __ __ 14 c e n t s 15 c e n t s _ ___ 16 c e n t s _ ______ ______ ________ 20 c e n t s 23 c e n t s _________________________ ______ __________ _____________ 30 c e n t s 2 .4 1 .8 5 .0 3. 1 1 1 .9 - _ .9 2 .4 1 .0 5 .0 4. 1 .6 .3 1 .2 .4 1 .6 - _ . 1 .6 .2 .8 2 .2 - t . 3 1 .7 .8 - . 1 .2 1 .0 - 1 .9 .8 4 .6 7 .3 3 .7 2 .5 1 .5 _____________________________________ ______________ 8 .9 7 .9 1 .2 5 p e r c e n t ___________________________________________________ ________ 10 p e r c e n t ____ ____ _________________________ _______________________ 15 p e r c e n t ________ _ ____________ ______ _______________ __ 1 .7 _ t _ 7. 1 1 .7 6 .2 1 .2 - t t _ U n ifo r m p e rc e n ta g e F u l l d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s O th e r2 N o s h if t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l __________ ____ __________ _____ _______ 7 .3 2 .5 5 .3 _ - .8 _ - " - _ 1 .5 _ 3 5 .5 4 6 .9 5 .3 " ” " .6 . 1 .8 " 1 S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f ( a ) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , a n d ( b ) w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n l a t e a t th e t i m e o f t h e s u r v e y . A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v i n g a p o l i c y i f i t m e t e i t h e r o f th e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i ( l ) O p e r a t e d l a t e s h i f t s a t th e t i m e o f t h e s u r v e y , o r ( 2 ) h a d f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g l a t e s h i f t s . 2 P r im a r ily c o m b i n a t i o n p l a n s p r o v i d i n g f u l l d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s p l u s a p e r c e n t a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l . M o s t o th e r p l a n s p r o v i d e f u l l d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s p l u s e i t h e r a f l a t s u m p e r s h if t o r p e r w e e k , o r a p a i d l u n c h p e r i o d . f L e s s th a n 0 . 0 5 p e r c e n t . s h ift s tio n s : O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 13 Table B-2: N um ber Minimum Entrance Rates for W o m e n Office W o rk e rs 1 o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d M a n u fa c tu rin g M in im u m r a t e (w e e k ly s a l a r y ) A ll s c h e d u le s 250 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m h i r i n g r a t e in — N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g M a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d on s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u s t rie s E s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d _____________________ ___________ m in im u m h i r i n g r a t e in — 83 40 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 167 37 Va 3 8 3/4 XXX XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 40 250 XXX 83 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 .5 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 7 .5 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 2 .5 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and ......... . u n d e r $ 3 7 . 5 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 4 0 .0 0 u n d e r $ 4 2 . 5 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 4 5 . 0 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 4 7 .5 0 u n d e r $ 5 0 .0 0 u n d e r $ 5 2 .5 0 u n d e r $ 5 5 .0 0 u n d e r $ 5 7 .5 0 u n d e r $ 6 0 . 0 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 6 2 . 5 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 6 5 .0 0 u n d e r $ 6 7 .5 0 _ _ _ u n d e r $ 7 0 .0 0 u n d e r $ 7 2 . 5 0 _________________________ u n d e r $ 7 5 .0 0 o v e r ______________ ___________________ A ll s c h e d u le s 167 XXX 37 Vz 38 3/4 40 XXX XXX XXX 6 53 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ 117 43 33 74 14 7 46 132 50 39 82 16 _ _ _ _ _ > _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! 1 1 5 4 1 1 - 9 5 5 3 3 _ 2 7 3 6 4 5 2 2 _ 7 2 2 1 2 _ 5 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 3 9 2 6 8 3 3 2 _ _ _ 1 1 3 8 15 6 14 3 7 7 5 4 4 2 2 _ 1 _ 5 14 7 15 5 6 7 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1 - 1 XXX 48 XXX XXX XXX 44 XXX XXX 1 XXX - 5 15 10 23 8 15 12 9 7 3 1 3 8 3 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g no s p e c i f i e d m i n im u m 71 23 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y ______ 61 17 D a t a n o t a v a i l a b l e ________________________________________ 40 For Other Inexperienced Clerical Workers 3 For Inexperienced Typists E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c ifie d m in im u m N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g B a s e d on s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 1 _ 1 1 1 _ 2 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 3 3 6 2 11 4 3 5 3 3 196 8 7 1 2 2 1 1 5 1 2 4 12 3 6 9 4 4 3 _ _ 9 17 10 26 6 13 1 _ _ _ 2 2 5 1 3 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 4 7 4 9 3 5 5 5 3 4 2 2 _ - - - - XXX 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 XXX 71 21 XXX 50 XXX XXX XXX XXX 46 12 XXX 34 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 1 XXX 1 XXX XXX XXX ' 1 L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r i n g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . 2 H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a la r ie s . D ata a r e p re se n te d re p o rted . 3 R a t e s a p p l i c a b l e to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d . fo r a ll w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , and fo r th e m ost com m on w o rk w eek S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 14 Table B-3: Scheduled W e e k ly Hours P E R C E N T OF O FF ICE W O R K ER !# E M P L O Y E D I N — W e e k ly h o u rs All industries Manufacturing Public utilities3,6 Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 U n d e r 37 % v ' u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------3 7 1/* h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 7 l/a a n d u n d e r 3 8 ^ * h o u r s -------------------------------3 8 3/4 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 40 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 19 4 8 14 t 5 8 - t A ll w o rk e rs 1 2 3 t * ** 9 64 7 7 83 12 66 Retail trade 100 P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — Fin ance** Services All , industries Public utilities * 100 100 100 3 97 t t t t 11 - 30 - 10 - 6 80 t 11 t 88 48 86 9 87 t t 10 100 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 _ _ t 6 - - 12 - t 94 84 Services t - t D a t a r e l a t e to w o m e n w o r k e r s o n ly . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . Table B~4: Paid Holidays1 P E R C E N T OF O FF ICE W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — It e m A l l w o r k e r s ________________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------------2 h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------3 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------5 h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------6 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------6 h o l i d a y s p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s ------------------------------------7 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------7 h o l i d a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ---------------------------------7 h o l i d a y s p lu s 2 , 3, o r 4 h a l f d a y s --------------8 h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------8 h o l i d a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ----------------------------------8 h o l i d a y s p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s -------------------------------9 h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------- -----------------------------9 h o l i d a y s p lu s l h a l f d a y -----------------------------------1 0 h o l i d a y s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------ — 1 2 3 ■f * ** Manufacturing All 2 industries Manufacturing Public ^ utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance * * All 3 industries Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 t - - - t 99 16 . _ 91 100 - 3 - - - - - t t - . 4 - - - t t t t t t 6 - 3 - - - 47 68 23 78 21 t t t t - 82 7 31 23 36 5 t - - 13 - 5 - 3 - t - 21 5 - - 10 t t t 9 t t t 3 4 - t 69 - t - E s t i m a t e s r e l a t e to h o l i d a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a l ly . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , an d r e a l e sta te . P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — Services - - 4 7 4 t t - - - 51 61 24 55 60 6 - - - 41 - t t t t 28 19 t t t - 70 - - - - 5 9 t - O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , - Services 4 t 17 _ _ - t S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 19 57 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 15 Table B-5r Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN — PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN — V a c a t io n p o lic y A ll w o rk e rs All industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 Retail trade Finance * * Services All 2 industries Public * utilities9 Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Manufacturing Retail trade M ETHOD OF PAYM ENT W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id v a c a t io n s L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t _________________________ P e rc e n ta g e paym ent O t h e r _____________________________________________________ - - 89 11 100 77 22 100 100 - - - - * - - t t - - - t - t - 100 66 100 100 65 100 100 60 100 100 28 100 100 17 100 100 100 100 91 100 29 100 29 100 100 74 100 100 10 100 100 6 100 2 w e e k s o r m o r e _________________________________________ 6 m o n th s _ . _ _ 1 y e a r ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2 years 3 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 5 years 100 9 82 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 24 100 100 100 100 26 82 92 100 24 69 85 99 36 96 100 100 21 100 100 100 19 95 96 100 3 w eek s o r m o re 1 y e a r ________ _________________________________________ 2 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 3 y ears 5 y e a r s _________________________________________________ 10 y e a r s 15 y e a r s 20 y e a r s ________________________________________________ 88 82 94 88 89 - - 3 17 23 93 93 - 11 78 78 11 33 90 90 19 75 94 t 4 6 11 31 87 88 100 - - 27 81 88 t t 8 8 32 81 82 88 4 7 8 11 29 86 88 93 t t 9 11 15 93 93 5 5 27 100 100 18 42 89 89 24 22 29 26 19 28 17 19 18 15 18 t t - - - - - - - - t - - -- - - r t t t t - - - t 26 3 17 4 29 8 28 A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A N D S E R V IC E P E R IO D 3 1 w eek o r m o re 6 m o n th s 1 year 4 w eeks 5 y ears 10 y e a r s 15 y e a r s 20 y e a r s 25 y e a r s . ...... __ __ ______________ ______________________ _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4 8 t 5 24 - 94 - 5 22 - - - 38 93 100 100 69 100 100 100 35 100 100 100 93 - 78 90 - - - - 19 - t t - - - 19 - - t t 18 - - - - - 6 15 4 18 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d i v i d u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . E s t im a t e s a r e c u m u la tiv e . T h u s , th e p r o p o r t i o n r e c e i v i n g 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a f t e r 5 y e a r s i n c lu d e s t h o s e w h o r e c e i v e 3 w e e k s ! o r m o re p ay a ft e r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e rv ic e . t L e s s t h a n 2. 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , U .S . NOTE: In th e t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t io n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a n e q u i v a l e n t t i m e b a s is : F o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . C a lif. , J a n u a ry 1957 D EPARTM ENT OF LABOR B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 16 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued P E R C E N T OF O FFIC E W ORKERS EM PLO Y ED IN — V a c a t io n p o lic y All . industries 1 M anufacturing Public ^ u tilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade P E R C E N T OF PLA N T W O RKERS EM PLO Y ED IN — F inance* * All , industries Services M anufacturing Public , utilities * Wholesale trade R etail trade Services P R E D O M IN A N T P R A C T IC E S A F T E R “ S E L E C T E D Y E A R S O F S E R V IC E 4 1 w e e k ___________________________ 2 w e e k s __________________________ XXX XXX 61 XXX 65 XXX 63 54 61 79 81 81 93 XXX 69 XXX 98 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 2 y e a r s o r le s s: 3 y e a r s o r le s s : 2 w e e k s __________________________ 2 w e e k s __________________________ 98 96 98 92 92 96 100 100 99 100 98 98 75 84 62 76 81 85 94 94 95 96 5 y e a r s o r le s s: 10 y e a r s o r l e s s : 2 w e e k s __________________________ 2 w eeks 86 68 92 68 82 76 96 85 89 67 86 67 88 66 89 69 84 80 92 71 82 58 15 y e a r s o r l e s s : 20 y e a r s o r l e s s : 25 y e a r s o r l e s s : 3 w e e k s __________________________ 3 w eeks 3 w e e k s __________________________ 81 83 64 81 77 60 92 92 64 78 78 53 90 88 72 75 85 66 87 85 86 84 91 91 75 100 94 85 89 85 70 1 y e a r o r le s s: 69 71 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s shov/n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 T h e p a y p r o v i s i o n a p p l i c a b l e to m o r e w o r k e r s th a n a n y o t h e r s i n g le p r o v i s i o n , f o r s e r v i c e u p to a n d in c lu d i n g th e in d i c a t e d n u m b e r o f y e a r s . f o r th e in d i c a t e d s e r v i c e p e r i o d . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . Table B-6: A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________________________ AU industries M anufacturing 100 le s s Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PE R C E N T OF O FFIC E W ORKERS EM PLO Y ED IN — T y p e o f p la n E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s w ho re c e iv e m o r e o r P E R C E N T OF PLA N T W O RK ERS EM PLO Y ED IN — Public . utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 94 90 95 97 79 100 40 57 13 46 39 37 72 31 64 92 39 73 19 48 28 80 41 55 53 53 56 55 19 7 80 80 t 88 88 11 16 81 32 72 82 81 73 18 48 82 87 84 27 72 32 42 42 42 15 82 t t “ t AU , industries M anufacturing Public utUities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 94 95 95 100 49 67 16 26 42 28 30 59 16 11 3 88 23 84 84 80 19 63 “ t F inano e* * Services Services W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e ______________________________________ A c c id e n ta l d eath and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ___________________________________________ S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o th 3 _________________________ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e _________ S i c k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y a n d no w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) _______________________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p ay o r w a i t in g p e r i o d ) ___________ __________________ H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e _______________________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ___ __ ___________________ __ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n _______________________________ N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n _____ 68 26 12 30 7 86 86 63 34 29 77 3 50 31 34 18 17 26 57 83 81 78 15 94 94 22 50 37 37 37 60 96 72 “ “ “ 8 95 95 89 86 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 U n d u p l ic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to t h o s e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s * p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n a n in d i v i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . t L e s s th a n 2. 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . 86 64 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , 93 13 40 16 w h ic h t d e fin it e ly e s t a b li s h a t l e a s t the S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 1957 U .S . DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s pay 17 Appendix: Job Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a va riety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau*s job descriptions may differ sign ifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau*s field representatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing supervisors, apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. Office B IL L E R , MACHINE P rep a res statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: B ille r, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertica l columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE O PERATO R Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fa m ilia rity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing de scribed under b iller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or a c counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several w orkers. 18 CLERK, F ILE Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filin g system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filin g and locating m aterial in the files . May perform incidental clerica l duties. Class B - Perform s routine filing, usually of m aterial that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a teria l in the files. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives custom ers’ orders for m aterial or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the f ollowing: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled . May check with credit department to d eter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original o rd e rs . CLERK, KEY-PU NC H O PERATO R Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May v e rify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR G IRL P erform s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor cleric a l work. SECRETARY P erform s secreta ria l and c lerica l duties fo r a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receivin g people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. PAYRO LL STENOGRAPHER, G EN ERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w o rk ers’ earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as w orker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). C O M PTO M ETER O PERATO R STENOGRAPHER, P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe m atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. TEC H NICAL D U PLIC ATING -M AC H IN E O PERATO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR D ITTO ) SWITCHBOARD O PERATO R Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten m atter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted m aterial. Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essages. May give in fo r mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 19 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued SWITCHBOARD O PER ATO R-REC EPTIO N IST tion type This time In addition to perform ing duties of operator, on a single posi or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. typing or clerica l work may take the m ajor part of this w ork er’s while at switchboard. TAB U LA TIN G -M A C H IN E OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple w iring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TY PIS T Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerica l work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and d is tributing incoming mail. Class A - Perform s one or more of the follow ing: Typing m aterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining m aterial from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATO R, G ENERAL P rim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerica l work. W orkers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSM AN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p re pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p re lim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B - P erform s one or more of the follow ing: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly. a nd Technical DRAFTSM AN, LEADER - Continued em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSM AN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc. , to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trica l, mechanical, or structural drafting. 20 NURSE, IND USTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, IND USTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A re gistered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Giving firs t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees1 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities safety of all personnel. Maintenance affecting the health, w elfare, and TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple letterin g. nd Powerplant C A R PE N TE R , M AINTENANCE ENGINEER, STA TIO N AR Y P erfo rm s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting m aterials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or e lec trica l) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air conditioning. Work involves; Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, m o tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigera tin g equipment, steam boilers and b o iler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded. E LE C TR IC IA N , M AIN TEN AN CE P erfo rm s a va riety of electrica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of e le c tr ic energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a va riety of electrica l equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transm ission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements o f wiring or electrica l equipment; using a va riety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually a c quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREM AN, STATIO N AR Y BOILER F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fir e by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing b o ilerroom equipment. H ELPE R, TRADES, M AIN TEN AN CE A ssists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing specific or general duties o f less er skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning w ork ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jo u r neyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to p erform va ries from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools) and cleaning working areas; and in others he is perm itted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e basis. 21 M ACH INE-TO O L O PER ATO R, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, M AINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and perform ing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a va riety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purpose s , machine-tool operators, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. W ork involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and perform ing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, M AIN TEN AN CE M ILLW RIG H T Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a v a riety of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations re la t ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the m ach in ists work norm ally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy e q u i p m e n t a n d dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment w h e n c h a n g e s i n t h e p l a n t la y out are required. Work involves most of t h e f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n i n g and laying out of the work; interpreting b l u e p r i n t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; using a va riety of handtools and rigging; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of m a t e r i a l s , a n d centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed r e ducers. In general, the m illw righ t’ s work norm ally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AU TO M O TIVE (M A IN TEN AN C E) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in d is assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work o f the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. P A IN T E R , M AINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 22 P IP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE S H E E T-M E TA L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo l lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or pow er-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers p rim a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. and laying out a ll types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating a ll available types of sheet-m etal-working machines; using a va riety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-m etal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLU M B ER, M AINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. S H E E T-M E TA L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning Custodial E LE V ATO R OPERATOR, and (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge m aker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, o f other oral and written sp e cifi cations; using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F o r cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishment. W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD P erform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PO RTER, OR CLE AN E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 23 LABORER, M A T E R IA L HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting m aterials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, custom ers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w a re houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and custom ers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-th e-road d rivers are excluded. F or wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (T ra c to r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity. ) PAC K ER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to v e rify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE RK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is r e sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work in volves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p rac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and p re paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work in volves: V erifying or directing others in verifyin g the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver Tru ckdriver, Tru ckdriver, Tru ckdriver, T ru ckdriver, (combination of sizes listed separately) light (under ]}/z tons) medium ( 1V2 to and~including 4 tons) heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type") heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, w orkers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (fork lift) Trucker, power (other than fo rk lift) W ATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fir e , theft, and illeg a l entry. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1957 O - 420554 Bulletins in This Series Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1956 and early 1957. Bulletins for the following areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., or from any of the regional sales offices listed below. As additional bulletins become available, they w ill be listed in subsequent issues. Labor Market Seattle, Wash. Buffalo, N. Y. Cleveland, Ohio Boston, Mass. Dallas, Tex. Survey Period BLS Bulletin Number August 1956 September 1956 October 1956 September 1956 October 1956 1202-1 1202-2 1202-3 1202-4 1202-5 Price 25 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents Regional Sales Offices U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 O liver Street Boston 10, M ass. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of L abo r Statistics 50 Seventh Street, N. E. Atlanta 23, Ga. U. S. Department of L abor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue N ew York 1, N . Y. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street C hicago 3, 111. U . S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San F ran cisco 11, C a lif.
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