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Occupational Wage Survey BUFFALO, NEW YORK ( ERIE AND NIAGARA COUNTIES ) S EP TEM B ER 1956 Bulletin No. 1202-2 UN ITED STA TES DEPA RTM EN T OF LA BO R James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F LA B O R S TA TIS TIC S Ew a n Cl a go*, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey B U FFA LO , NEW YO RK ( ERIE AND NIAGARA COUNTIES ) SEPTEMBER 1956 B u lle tin N o . 1 2 0 2 -2 U N ITED STA TES DEPA RTM EN T O F LA BO R James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREA U O F LA B O R S TA TISTIC S Ew an Clague, Commissioner January 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey P rogram The Bureau of Labor Statistics regu larly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centerso The studies, made from late fa ll to ea rly spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits,, A p relim in a ry report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied,, This bulletin provides additional data not included in the e a rlie r report. A consolidated analytical bulletin sum m arizing the results of a ll of the y e a rfs surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. In trodu ction -------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends fo r selected occupational groups --------------------------- 1 3 Tables: 1. 20 A: B: Establishments and w orkers within scope of s u r v e y --------Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups, and percent of increase fo r selected periods ---------------------Occupational earnings * A - l : Office occu pation s---------------------------------------------A - 2: P rofession al and technical occu pations----------------A - 3: Maintenance and powerpiant occu pation s--------------A - 4: Custodial and m aterial movement occu pation s------Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B - l: Shift differen tial p r o v is io n s --------------------------------B-2: Minimum entrance rates fo r women office w orkers -----------------B -3: Scheduled w eekly hours -------------------------------------B-4: Paid holidays ----------------------------------------------------B-5: Paid vacations ---------------------------B-6: Health, insurance, and pension plans ------------------- Appendix: Job descriptions -------------------------------------------------- — * NO TE: Sim ilar tabulations fo r most of these items a re available in the Buffalo area reports fo r January 1950, January 1952, A p ril 1953, and September 1954. The 1954 report also included data on frequency of wage payments, and pay provisions fo r holidays falling on nonworkdays. A d irectory indicating date of study and the price of the r e ports, as w ell as reports fo r other m ajor areas, is a va ila ble upon request. Current reports on occupational earnings and supple m entary wage practices in the Buffalo area are also a va ila ble fo r m achinery industries (January 1956), industrial chemicals (August 1955), hotels (June 1955), and power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailin g pay le ve ls, are available fo r the follow ing trades or industries: Building construction, p rin t ing, loca l-tra n sit operating em ployees, and m otortruck d rivers . 2 3 5 8 8 10 13 14 15 15 16 17 19 Occupational Wage Survey - Buffalo, N. Y. * Introduction to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. The Buffalo area is one of severa l important industrial centers in which the Department of L a b o r’s Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; reta il trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services . M ajor industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of w orkers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occu pations studied to w arrant inclusion. 1 W herever possible, separate tabulations are provided fo r each of the broad industry divisions. Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in a ll establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu a lly surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m a terially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provision s Information is presented also (in the B -s eries tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The term ’’office w o r k e r s ,” as used in this bulletin, includes a ll office cleric a l employees and ex cludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. ’’Plant w o rk ers” include working forem en and all nonsupervisory w ork ers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work fo rce are excluded. Cafeteria w orkers and routemen are e x cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing industries. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying a ll establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the "data, how ever, a ll establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to a ll establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected fo r study are common to a va riety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job (see appendix fo r listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) m ainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant w orker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differen tials, the amount applying to a m a jority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the cla s sification ” other” was used. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i . e . , those hired to w ork a regular w eekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but co st-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office c le ric a l occupations, reference is Minimum entrance rates (table B -2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statis tica lly on the basis that these a re applicable to a ll plant or office * This report was prepared in the Bureau’ s regional office in New York, N. Y. , by F red erick W. M u eller, under the direction of Paul E. Warwick, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table 1 fo r m inim um -size establishment covered. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the follow ing conditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. ( 1) 2 w orkers i f a m a jo rity of such w orkers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. 3 Because of rounding, sums of indi vidual items in these tabulations do not n ecessarily equal totals. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. Separate estimates are provided according to em ployer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis w ere converted; fo r example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 w eek ’ s pay. Data are presented fo r all health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workm en’ s compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m er cial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside fo r this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer contributes. H owever, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions, 4 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the em ployee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick -lea ve plans are lim ited to form al plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o rk e r’ s pay during absence from w ork because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of w orkers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, and unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who re ceive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes re fe rre d to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect em ployees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the norm al coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. M edical insurance re fers to plans providing fo r complete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insu red. Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments fo r the rem ainder of the w o rk e r’ s life . 4 The tem porary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if 3 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r office w orkers (fir s t section itof established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that table B-3) are presented in term s of the proportion of women office could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, w orkers employed in offices with the indicated w eekly hours fo r women but inform al sick leave allowances, determined on an individual b a sis, w o rk ers. w ere excluded. TA.BLE 1; E stablishm ents and w o rk e rs within scope of survey and number studied in Buffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N. Y . , 1 by m ajor industry division, Septem ber 1956 Industry division M inim um employment in e stab lish ments in scope of study N um ber of establishm ents Within scope of study 2 Studied W o rk e rs in establishm ents Within scope of study Studied Total 3 Office Plant Total 3 A ll divisions ________________________________________________________________ 51 735 230 262, 200 32,100 186,900 183, 930 M anufacturing ______________________________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing _____________________ _________ _>________________________ Transportation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), communication, and other public u tilitie s4 ____________ ______________________________ W holesale t r a d e __________________________________________ _____________ R etail trade ______________________________________________________________ Finance, insurance, and re a l e s t a t e _________________________________ S ervices 6 ________________________________________________________________ 51 51 402 333 131 99 188,300 73,900 16, 500 13,600 140, 600 46,300 143,080 40, 850 51 51 51 51 51 63 68 117 32 53 26 16 26 14 17 18,900 7, 500 30, 500 7, 800 9, 200 2, 600 ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 11, 300 ( 5) (* ) ( 5) ( 5) 14, 790 2, 670 14,450 4, 200 4, 740 1 The B u ffalo M etropolitan A re a (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties). The "w o rk e rs within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and compo sition of the lab o r force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a b a sis of com parison with other a re a employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since ( l ) planning of w age surveys re q u ire s the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2 ) sm all establishm ents a re excluded fro m the scope of survey. 2 Includes a ll establishm ents with total employment at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation. A ll outlets (within the a r e a ) of com panies in such in dustries as trade, finance, auto re p a ir service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent. 3 Includes executive, technical, pro fessio n al and other w o rk e rs excluded fro m the separate office and plant categories. 4 A lso excludes taxicabs, and serv ic e s incidental to w ater transportation included in e a r lie r studies. 5 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. ^ Hotels; person al serv ic e s; business se rv ic e s; autom obile rep a ir shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and arch itectu ral se rv ic e s. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups The table below presents indexes of salaries of office c le ric a l workers and industrial nurses, and of average earnings of selected plant w orker groups. F o r office c le ric a l w orkers and industrial nurses, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries fo r normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid. F o r plant w orker groups, they measure changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on week ends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include m ost of the num erically important jobs within each group. The office c le ric a l data are based on women in the follow ing 18 jobs: B ille r s , machine (billing machine); bookkeepingmachine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerk s, file , class A and B; clerk s, order; clerk s, payroll; key-punch operators; office g irls; secreta ries; stenographers, general; switchboard opera tors; switchboard operator-reception ists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-m achine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial n u rses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; m illw rights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-m etal w orkers; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, p o rters, and cleaners; la b o rers, m aterial handling; and watchmen. A verage weekly salaries or average computed fo r each of the selected occupations. or hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the and September 1954 employment in the job. hourly earnings were The average salaries average of A p ril 1953 These weighted earn ings for individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an a g g re gate fo r each occupational group. F in a lly, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate fo r the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result m ultiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. The indexes m easure, principally, the effects of ( l ) general salary and wage changes; (2) m erit o r other increases in pay received by individual w orkers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor fo rce such as labor turnover, fo rce expansions, fo rce reduc tions, and changes in the proportion of w orkers employed by estab lishments with differen t pay le v e ls . Changes in the labor fo rce can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. F o r example, a fo rce expansion might increase the proportion of low er paid w orkers in a specific occupation and r e sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of low er paid w orkers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights elim inates the effects of changes in the proportion of w orkers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay fo r straight-tim e hours. Indexes for the period 1953 to 1956 for w orkers in 15 other m ajor labor markets appeared in BLS Bull. 1188, Wages and Related Benefits, 17 Labor M arkets, 1955-56. TABLE 2: Indexes of standard w eekly sa la ries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Buffalo (E rie and N iagara C ounties), N. Y ., Septem ber 1954 and Septem ber 1956 and p ercents of in crease for selected periods Indexes P ercen t in c re a se s from — (April 1953 = 100) Industry and occupational group Septem ber 1954 A pril 1953 January 1952 Septem ber Septem ber to to to 1956 1954 Septem ber 1956 Septem ber 1954 April 1953 A ll industries: Office clerica l (w om en )____________________________ 115. 2 105. 3 9 .4 5. 3 9 .3 Industrial n u rses (women) 117. 1 7.7 107. 9 8. 6 7 .9 Skilled m aintenance (men) _________________________ 106. 7 119. 5 6. 7 7 .5 12. 0 U nskilled plant (m e n )_____________________________ 118. 2 107.6 7 .6 8. 1 9 .9 Manufacturing: O ffice clerica l (women) 116. 7 106. 3 9 .8 6. 3 9. 1 Industrial n u rses (women) _______________________ 117. 7 107. 8 7. 8 6 .8 9 .2 Skilled m aintenance (men) 106. 7 6. 7 7 .2 119. 5 11.9 U nskilled plant (m e n )_____________________________ 118. 9 107. 8 10.4 7. 8 7 .7 January 1952 to Septem ber 1956 2 5.9 2 6 .2 28. 5 27. 8 2 7.3 25. 8 28. 1 28. 0 5 A : Occupational Earnings T a b le A - l : O ffice O c c u p a t io n s (A v erage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an a re a basis in Buffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N. Y. , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly Weekly 30. 00 hours 1 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 40. 00 “ 40. 00 “ 45. 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 50. 00 ~ 55. 00 $ 55. 00 60. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ $ $ 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 $ $ 85. 00 90. 00 65. 00 “ 70.00 75. 00 90. 00 80.00 85. 00 $ $ $ $ $ 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115. 00 " ■ and 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105. 00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 over Men ri 1 i . Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 357 2Z5 174 51 132 37 39.0 39.5 40.0 39.0 38. 5 39.0 8 6 .0 0 92.00 91.50 94. 00 75. 50 87. 00 C le rk s, accounting, class B -------------------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra County --------------------------------------------------------- 146 105 75 30 39. 5 39.5 39. 5 39. 5 80. 83. 82. 87. C le rk s, ord er ____________________________________ ___________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------- 199 116 99 C le rk s, pay ro ll -----------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------- 4 - 8 1 18 2 4 36 1 1 35 1 7 " 12 8 6 2 14 3 1 2 - 4 - 4 - 21 16 16 5 2 16 3 33 23 22 1 10 4 30 17 8 9 13 3 51 33 24 9 18 14 68 49 39 10 19 12 17 16 12 4 1 20 17 14 3 3 9 6 6 - 5 4 4 - 25 17 14 3 28 26 16 10 21 14 12 2 12 10 6 4 6 6 4 2 7 6 4 2 - 15 3 3 19 6 6 26 17 16 14 2 2 8 8 7 10 10 8 14 9 8 1 1 * 3 3 1 1 1 - 7 7 4 5 5 4 10 10 7 12 12 12 11 11 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 16 13 4 6 6 - - - 4 2 2 8 8 4 9 9 4 10 10 4 7 6 4 8 3 2 5 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 50 50 00 50 _ - . - _ - - 2 - - - - - - 40.0 39. 5 40. 0 92. 0 0 97. 50 96.00 _ - - - . - - - - - - - 101 97 80 40. 0 40. 0 40.0 98. 50 98. 50 101.50 - _ - _ - - - - Office boys -------------------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------- 103 77 52 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 52. 50 53. 50 48. 00 _ - 3 - 37 30 30 19 13 8 8 1 - Tabulating-m achine operators ----------------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra County -------------------------------------------------------- 87 69 25 39.0 59.5 39. 5 82. 00 84. 00 75. 00 _ - _ - . - 4 - B ille r s , machine (billing m achine) --------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra County -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------- 164 lO t 68 39 57 39. 0 "T9." "5' 40.0 39.0 38. 5 58. 50 62.00 63. 00 6 0.0 0 51.50 B ille r s , machine (bookkeeping m achine) -----------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------- 87 7l 38. 5 38. 0 Bookkeeping-m achine o p erato rs, class A ---------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------- 151 64 52 87 Bookkeeping-m achine o p erato rs, class B ---------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------E rie County -------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra County -------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------C le rk s, accounting, class A -------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------- :------------E rie C o u n ty -------------------------------------------------------------N ia gara C o u n ty -------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g--------------------------------------------------------- N ia g a ra C o u n ty --------------------------------------------------------- 8 7 3 4 1 16 16 12 4 27 27 *23 4 - l - - 5 5 2 3 21 16 11 27 18 18 11 6 5 26 3 21 15 23 23 17 5 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 28 28 28 - - - - - - 7 $ 1 11 9 2 3 3 1 5 5 - 4 2 1 1 1 " 6 6 - - - - - - - 3 " - - - " - 3 3 - - 1 1 1 _ - - - - _ “ _ _ - 42 - - 11 10 9 1 1 15 12 3 9 3 22 21 18 3 1 25 21 14 7 4 9 2 1 1 7 21 17 4 13 4 14 14 14 - - 2 5 35 53. 00 52. 00 _ 2 Z 17 13 15 10 19 19 21 19 4 4 4 4 - - - * 2 " - - 38. 5 40.0 40. 0 37. 5 65.00 72. 00 71.50 60. 0 0 _ - _ - 13 13 10 10 10 1 1 9 6 5 4 1 40 17 15 23 22 18 14 4 19 9 9 10 13 13 8 - - - 14 14 463 10? 77 30 356 38.0 59.5 39.0 40. 0 3 7. 5 51.50 62. 50 64.50 58. 00 48. 50 _ - _ - 180 3 _ 3 177 52 14 8 6 38 34 26 22 4 8 46 19 17 2 27 6 5 2 3 1 22 21 16 5 1 3 3 1 2 - 16 10 10 _ 6 1 1 1 _ - 103 ------ 5 _ 5 98 - 395 232 180 52 163 38. 5 38. 5 38. 5 39.5 38. 5 72. 50 73. 50 73. 00 76.00 71.00 - - _ - _ _ 5 4 4 15 11 9 2 4 37 17 14 3 20 42 25 16 9 17 72 45 39 6 27 54 16 15 1 38 67 46 25 21 21 53 38 34 4 15 28 12 12 Women - _ 1 " - * - - - - - - " - - - " - - - _ _ _ - _ - - - - - - 6 4 4 5 5 3 2 5 3 1 2 2 _ 6 6 4 2 . _ . 16 2 _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. Occupational W age Survey, Buffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N. Y. , Septem ber 1956 * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of L a b o r Statistics 6 T a b le A-1: O ffice O c c u p a t io n s - C o n tin u e d (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an a re a basis in Buffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N . Y . , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours4 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 30. 00 35. 00 40.00 45. 00 50. 00 55.00 60.00 65. 00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90.00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 n o . 35.00 40.00 95. 00 100.00 105. $ 115. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 108 19 12 7 89 - 150 26 23 3 124 2 108 50 45 5 58 104 59 41 18 45 3 67 4l 24 17 26 3 32 28 21 7 4 1 26 22 11 11 4 4 33 27 7 20 6 6 12 7 3 4 5 3 12 5 3 2 7 7 4 4 3 1 - - ~ - - - 24 1 1 23 6 2 2 4 36 9 11 11 4 7 6 3 1 8 ------- 5“ 4 3 17 17 17 4 3 2 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ - - - - - - 146 78 66 68 66 66 1 1 . - - - . - . _ - - - - - - - - - . - - 17 6 6 - 85. 00 00 45. 00 - - 90. 00 00 110.00 115.0 0 and nv^r Wom en - Continued C le rk s , accounting, class B --------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------—-------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty --------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g---------------------------------------------------------P u blic u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------- 726 £69 194 95 43 7 29 38.5 39.0 39.0 39.5 38.0 39.0 $ 54.00 6 l . 00 58. 50 65.00 49.00 73.50 C le rk s , file , class A ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g---------------------------------------------------------- 161 7b 38 91 38. 5 39.5 39.5 37. 5 58. 50 69. 50 74.00 50.00 C le rk s , file , class B ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------- 529 256 141 273 38. 5 59.5 39.5 37. 5 48.00 ~ 5 5 7 5 ir 48. 50 41.50 C le rk s , o rd er — -----------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ------------------------------------------------------------- — N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g----------------------------------------------------------- 168 106 79 27 62 39.5 39. 5 40.0 38. 5 39. 5 57. 00 6 l. 00 61.00 61. 00 50. 00 C le rk s , p a y r o l l -------------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing —--------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g----------------------------------------------------------- 473 373 281 92 100 39. 39. 39. 39. 39. 66. 00 67. 00 65. 50 70.00 63. 50 Com ptom eter o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------- 534 234 204 30 300 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 57.00 63. 00 64.00 57. 50 52. 50 Duplicating-m achine operators (m im eograph or ditto)— M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------- 85 68 52 39. 5 39.5 39.5 52. 50 52. 50 53. 00 Key-punch o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E r ie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g----------------------------------------------------------P u blic utilities * ------------------------------------------------------- 350 236 168 68 114 36 39.5 39. 5 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.0 59. 00 6 1 . bo 61.00 61. 50 55.00 62. 50 Office g i r l s --------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g--------------------------------------- :------------------- 187 ll9 71 48 68 38.5 39.0 38.5 39.5 38.0 47.00 49. Oo 47. 50 51.50 43. 00 0 0 0 5 0 5 64 _ - 5 - 64 - _ 19 _ - - 19 22 107 _ - 22 107 - 6 - - - 6 - - 11 4 27 - 89 32 27 57 62 50 28 12 24 17 10 7 9 9 8 3 3 2 - - - - - " - - 21 8 2 6 13 34 22 17 5 12 48 32 28 4 16 12 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 3 5 4 13 13 9 4 - 2 2 2 _ _ - 71 61 56 5 10 65 58 46 12 7 95 76 60 16 19 36 27 20 7 9 42 23 19 4 19 77 49 48 1 28 - - 8 14 i4 14 - - - - 16 12 10 2 4 23 22 21 1 1 13 10 9 1 3 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ 1 1 1 . _ _ . „ 1 - - - - - - - 1 2 . . _ _ 1 . _ _ _ ■_ . _ _ _ _ _ 2 - - - 10 13 48 3 1 2 45 68 10 5 5 58 92 37 30 7 55 109 45 38 7 64 59 40 36 4 19 - - 5 37 27 22 13 13 9 15 12 12 13 9 7 54 31 27 4 23 5 53 36 24 12 17 8 56 46 29 17 10 3 53 43 29 14 10 3 40 32 26 6 8 1 34 2b 14 6 14 12 26 37 " 33" 21 12 4 12 7 5 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 5 5 12 - - 15 1 12 - 42 _ 16 16 _ 26 - 1 14 54 39 14 15 25 15" 10 8 8 10 7 3 2 _ - 13 - 2 -----T 2 1 13 8 7 1 5 - - _ _ - 10 3 _ _ 26 19 17 2 7 4 1 _ _ 45 45 15 30 - - - 1 1 - - ' 1 1 28 24 12 12 4 - - _ 1 _ _ _ - - “ _ _ - 1 - - - - 9 ... _ - - 13 9 5 4 31 15 12 3 16 See footnote at end of table. * T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities, - 14 g ... 1 1 1 - - _ 5 22 19 15 4 3 1 ---------j— _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ • 8 6 2 4 2 2 j ------ 1— 1 5 -------5“ 5 - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 T a b le A - l : O ffice O c c u p a t io n s - C o n tin u e d (A v erage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an a re a basis in Buffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N. Y. , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers $ Weekly Weekly, 3 0 . 0 0 earnings1 a n d (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 3 5 .0 0 . Wom en - Continued $ 7 6. 00 Secretaries --------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g----------------------------------Pu blic utilities * -------------------------------- 1 ,2 3 1 814 539 275 417 87 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 5 38. 5 78. 00 8 1 .0 0 70. 00 84. 00 Stenographers, gen eral ------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------Pu blic utilities * -------------------------------- 1 ,580 1 ,1 1 4 766 348 466 85 39. 0 39. 5 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 38. 0 6 4 .0 0 6 7 . 50 6 6 . 00 7 0 . 50 57. 00 6 9 .0 0 Stenographers, te c h n ic a l---------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ----------------------------------- 152 85 75 40. 0 '40. 0 4 0 .0 6 9 . 50 " 6 8 . 5 9" 6 7 . 50 Switchboard o p e r a t o r s --------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------------------------------E rie County ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------Pu blic u tilitie s* ------------------------------- 339 l31 85 46 208 48 4 0 .0 40. 5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39. 5 39. 5 58. 68. 67. 7?. 52. 65. Switchboard o p e ra to r-re c e p tio n is ts ---------Manufa c tu r ing ----------------------------------------E rie County ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------- 465 215 65 185 39. 5 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .0 39. 5 57. 00 58. 50 5 8 . 50 5 4. 00 Tabulating-m achine operators ------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------------E rie County ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------- 153 95 50 45 58 3 9 .5 39. 5 39. 5 4 0 .0 ' 3 9 .0 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 7 5 . 50 6 2 .0 0 T ran scribin g-m ach in e operators, gen eral M anufacturing ----------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty ----------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------- 314 174 129 45 140 39. 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 54. 00 56. 00 5 8. 00 5 1 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 Typists, class A -----------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------------------E rie C o u n t y ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------- 545 39.0 6 1 .5 0 “5 7 )7 0 9 6 3 . 00 52. 50 Typist, class B -------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------------E rie County ---------------------------------------N ia g a ra C o u n ty ------------------- --------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------Pu blic utilities * -------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 * 280 3 9 .0 234 158 3 9 .5 39. 5 38. 0 1 ,1 2 6 667 405 262 459 73 39. 0 ....3 9 . 5 39. 5 4 0 .0 37. 5 39. 5 ----- W T 1 79.00 50 50 50 00 00 50 59.00 5 2 . 50 "55750-" 5 2 . 50 6 2 . 50 4 6 . 50 5 3 .0 0 $ 3 5 . 00 4 0 . 00 $ 4 0. 00 $ 45. 00 4 5. 00 2 50. 00 6 2 2 - - 1 1 ------- T ~ . 21 48 _ _ - - - 21 - - _ 10 _ - 1 3 _ - - 5 3 - - - 31 10 - 36 — 9 162 _ _ _ 16 95 — S ir - — 73 7 82 8 32 21 20 31 18 16 17 4 4 - - - - 2 ' 2 - * - - 35 13 10 3 22 20 50 27 23 4 23 19 28 28 4 24 11 - - - - - - 22 15 12 3 7 2 72 34 29 5 38 120 71 49 22 49 70 51 41 10 19 29 13 7 6 16 9 - 9 1 1 - - 30 16 14 2 14 rs ~ ~ 25 4 98 64 38 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42 35 8 27 7 3 2 1 1 1 6 5 4 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 4 3 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - “ 4 1 1 - 2 - - " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - ~ - " - 4 4 4 5 5 4 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - " " 7 5 4 1 2 2 2 _ _ . - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - Standard hours reflect the workweek fo r which em ployees receive their re g u la r straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours, W ork ers w e re distributed as follow s: 21 at $115 to $120; 1 at $125 to $130; 1 at $140 to $145. W ork ers w e re distributed as follow s: 8 at $115 to $120; 12 at $120 to $125; 1 at $125 to $130. A ll w o rk ers w ere at $115 to $120. Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. - - - - ~ T o2 - - - 110 l08 2 106 2 2 100 51 56 31 - - - Ill 1 11 16 T5i - 2 2 2 24 24 22 53 - 14 10 8 2 4 65 72 12 135 12 - - 84 36 30 24 6 6 2 - - - 21 11 9 2 10 72 45 30 15 27 8 - - - 61 T U ~ — ?Z 8 26 44 19 200 - - 3 207 - - - - - 219 - - 17 14 10 4 3 59 - - - 10 10 7 3 50 6 - - 38 34 27 7 4 52 26 3 3 3 - - - 55 2 2 1 1 - - 4 10 10 10 — 2 2 " - 7 - 84 53 41 31 4 4 2 2 14 13 4 9 1 1 - 7 7 7 6 1 _ 95 19 10 8 8 ~~ 8 18 12 10 2 6 - 16 24 10 9 — 44 £8 24 4 16 60 28 - 41 27 20 7 14 41 4 - 87 59 49 10 28 4 n ~ - 8 _ - — - 151 rzrr~ 9 - 10 21 - - - 3 2 8 - - 140 88 74 14 52 27 14 10 4 13 64 20 9 11 44 - - 11 7 10 8 7 7 7 43 _ _ 6 6 4 2 - - - 7 1 45 1 68 32 32 3 8 15 1 44 2 - 1 38 38 30 8 8 5 6 3 48 1 - 137 131 36 95 6 -------- T ~ -------- 32 23 13 10 9 - 208 164 91 73 44 34 3 _ _ - 154 137 98 39 17 12 8 95 25 31 19 249 174 130 44 75 12 10 - 44 10 25 5 14 5 260 184 167 17 76 2 5 - - 51 36 23 13 15 12 206 91 67 24 115 3 22 - - 65 44 16 28 21 4 89 41 33 8 48 3 4 - - 163 120 52 68 43 29 - _ 2 10 173 149 115 34 24 11 122 56 33 23 66 2 - 5 177 131 " 97 34 46 16 61 24 17 7 37 4 _ 52 13 1 12 39 142 113 76 37 29 2 44 3 1 2 41 1 22 _ _ _ _ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 and 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 o v e r $ - ' 8 Ta b le A -2: Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e ra g e straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an a re a b a sis in B uffalo (E rie and N ia g a ra Counties), N . Y . , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Number of Sex, occupation, and industry division — is s $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ 1$ E--------] $ Is — i$ Weekly l 5 0 . 0 0 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 lio .o d 115.00; 120.00 125.00 130.00 M 5.00 Weeklyj and (Standard) (Standard) - 1 - | 55. 00 60. 00 i>5.,QQ 70. 00 X5...QQ. 80. QQ 85.00 9iL-flQ .95,00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.001120.0(>125.00 130.00 135.00 ^40.00 1 Men ________ _ D raftsm en, le a d e r _________ M anufacturing ____ ________ _________ E rie County _____________ ______ 53 53 47 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 $ 138. 50 138.50 139.50 108.50 109.50 109.50 98. 50 0 0 0 0 - D raftsm en, senior ____ __ __ _________ M anufacturing ___________ _____________ E r ie County _ ---Nonmanufacturing __ _ 727 660 427 67 40. 40. 40. 39. D raftsm en, junior M anufacturing __________________ ______ E r ie County ________________________ N ia g a ra C o u n ty _______ _____________ 487 464 322 142 39.5 40. 0 39.5 40. 0 78. 78. 76. 81. 00 00 00 50 36 36 35 1 223 208 143 65 39.5 40.0 40. 0 39.5 82. 83. 82. 85. 00 00 00 00 4 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 68 59 54 9 73 63 45 10 92 89 46 3 108 91 47 17 129 126 40 3 34 32 23 2 75 175— 54 ! 21 28 28 8 20 ! 20 ! 20 8 12 7 7 6 1 35 30 15 ; 15 31 31 20 11 12 12 3 9 2 2 1 1 - - - - - 7 7 6 - 14 6 6 8 17 11 9 6 26 22 21 4 - 1 - 7 7 6 1 ! 22 21 17 4 37 36 27 9 63 63 41 22 64 6l 37 24 127 109 82 27 7 5 4 1 4 4 1 3 16 14 13 1 56 56 44 12 51 50 38 12 1 I - ! _ 1 1 1 9 9 8 1 3 1 1 3 ! l 1 3 ! | ' 24 1 15 24 15 i 20 9 " - , 1 ' 1 i 1 38 i 56 1 53 40 3 36 35 2 i -j---------- - I i - ; - ! - IT “ $ is IT " 140.0Q145.00 150.00 155.0C - i and j ! 145.00 150.00155 .00 over 1 L 11 11 11 j 1 I i 7 | - , - ; ‘ I i - ! ' 7 7 7 i ! 1 1 - 2 2 2 - 9 9 7 i 16 — T5— 16 7 “ !— 5 5 5 I - - - - - - Women N u rse s, industrial (re g is te re d ) _____ __ M anufacturing _______________ ___ __ _ E r ie County __ ____________ ______ N ia g a ra C o u n ty ______________________ - 1 - 1 1 1 l _ . E 1 1 1 2 2 2 i i 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! ! 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . J - - - 1 j i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ; Standard hours reflect the workweek fo r which em ployees receive their re g u la r straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e ra g e hourly earnings fo r men in selected occupations studied on an a re a b a sis in Buffalo (E r ie and N ia g a ra Counties), N. Y . , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers $ Average hourly 1.30 earnings 1 and under 1.40 C arp en ters, maintenance . ..... M anufacturing E rie County N ia g a ra County Nonmanufacturing _ _ . ....... ___ ....... E le c tric ia n s, maintenance Manufacturing E rie County N ia g a ra County ____ N on m an u factu rin g____________________________ E n gin eers, stationary M anufacturing E r ie County N ia g a ra Ccmnty Nonm anufacturing ... _ _ ... . „ _ F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r M anufacturing E r ie County ___________ __ _______ __ N ia g a r a County ____________________ __ N n n m a n n fa r tn 505 406 324 82 99 $ 2. 50 2.51 2.54 2.42 2.44 1,536 1,467 1,107 3 60 69 2. 63 2 . 64 2. 69 2.48 2.43 723 544 383 161 179 2.34 2.41 2.44 2.36 2. 12 625 547 312 235 78 2.07 2. 11 2. 12 2.11 1.73 $ 1.40 1. 50 $ 1.50 1.60 $ 1. 60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $ , 2. 60 $ 2.70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2. 60 2. 70 2.80 2. 90 3.00 3. 10 3.20 9 8 6 2 1 13 11 7 4 2 24 24 21 3 - 92 62 57 5 30 76 71 24 47 5 71 64 43 21 7 80 80 80 21 21 21 18 18 18 32 32 32 _ _ 26 1 1 - - - - _ - 2 25 179 175 83 92 4 168 168 112 56 - 292 285 117 168 7 286 254 227 27 32 129 129 129 20 20 20 149 149 139 10 10 181 181 181 _ _ _ . _ _ - . _ _ - 10 _ 10 8 _ _ 8 5 _ _ 5 12 9 9 3 8 5 5 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 _ _ 1 6 _ _ _ 6 4 2 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ - 12 11 7 4 1 7 5 5 _ 2 39 30 30 _ 9 53 52 49 3 1 4 _ _ _ 4 12 _ _ _ 12 6 _ _ _ 6 6 _ _ _ 6 57 51 36 15 6 93 37 29 8 56 22 15 15 _ 7 53 27 18 9 26 145 102 54 48 43 110 103 59 44 7 81 75 47 28 6 80 80 71 9 21 21 21 - - 2 _ _ 2 19 8 8 _ 11 41 18 16 2 23 63 53 13 40 10 63 44 30 14 19 37 31 18 13 62 57 36 21 5 139 137 91 46 2 76 76 24 52 54 54 29 25 41 41 19 22 13 13 13 3 3 3 12 12 12 _ _ 27 27 27 _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ - _ _ 6 - _ _ - 2 2 2 _ — r 6 _ 4 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - $ 3.20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - See footnotes at end of table. Occupational W age Survey, Buffalo (E r ie and N ia g a ra C ounties), N . Y . , Septem ber 1956 * Transportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of L a b o r Statistics 9 Ta b le A -3 : M aintenance and P o w e rp la n t O ccupations - C ontinued (A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r m en in se le c te d occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is in B u ffa lo (E r i e and N ia g a r a C o u n tie s), N . Y . , b y in d u stry d iv isio n , S e p te m b e r 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of O ccu p ation and in d u stry d iv isio n H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in t e n a n c e __ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ „ — E r i e County __ _____ ___ N ia g a r a C o u n t y __ _____ N o n m an u factu rin g __ _ P u b lic u tilitif 3 * __ ___ ___ __ _____ $ Average $ $ hourly 1.40 1.30 1.50 earnings 1 under 1.40 1.50 1.60 $ 2 .1 6 4 7 2. 18 4 2.21 4 2 .0 4 1.87 7 1 .90 - __ __ __ __ ___ ___ __ 1.785 1, 659 1,384 275 126 89 M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , to o lro o m _______ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ __ _________ _________ __ E r ie County __ __ __ _____ _____ __ N ia g a r a County ______ __ __ __ __ __ 836 82T6 712 124 2. 51 2.51 2.51 2.50 _ 1,202 1, 197 902 295 2 .5 6 2 .5 6 2 .5 7 2. 55 M e c h a n ic s , autom otive (m ain ten an ce) _ M a n u fa c tu rin g _ __ __ __ __ E r i e County _________________ _________ N ia g a r a County ______________ _____ __ N on m an u factu rin g ___________ __ _____ __ P u b lic u tilities * __ _____ __ _ _ _ _ _ 579 177 144 33 402 334 2 .2 6 2 .3 9 2 .3 8 2 .4 4 2.21 2.22 _ _ - M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e __ __ __ _________ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________ ___ __ _________ E r i e C o u n t y ___________ _________ __ __ N ia g a r a County ______ _ _____________ 1,752 1, 648 1, 196 452 2. 52 2.52 2 .5 8 2 .3 6 _ _ M i l l w r i g h t s ___ ______________________ ___ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _________ ___ __ E r i e C o u n t y __________ N ia g a r a County ______ _____ __ __ __ 1, 112 1, 112 719 393 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 2 .5 9 2 .4 5 O i l e r s __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ -------- ----- ----M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ _________ __ __ __ ----- _ _____ _______________ ___ _ E r i e County N ia g a r a County _____________________ __ __ 659 — 5215 468 158 2. 17 2 .1 9 2 .2 4 2. 04 428 355 216 139 73 2 .2 3 2.31 2 .2 9 2 .3 3 1.8 6 P ip e fit t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e __ ___ _____ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ __ ____________________ E r i e C o u n t y _______________ __ ---------------N ia g a r a C o u n t y __ ___ _ _____ ___ 836 832 518 314 2 .4 7 2 .4 7 2 .4 9 2.43 S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s , m a in t e n a n c e _____________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________ E r i e C o u n t y _______ __ __ __ ___ N ia g a r a County ____ _____ __ ___ _ 270 265 196 69 2.5 3 2 .5 4 2 .5 6 2 .4 8 T o o l and die m a k e rs __ __ __ __ __ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________ _____ ________________ E r i e C o u n t y ___ _______ _____ _____ ___ 1,263 1,263 1,001 2 .6 9 2 .6 9 2. 70 M a c h in is ts , m aintenance __ __ _____ _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ __ ____ _____ _______ E r i e C o u n t y __ _ ____________________ N ia g a r a County ____ _____ ___________ P a in t e r s , m aintenance _ _________ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g _______ _ _______________ E r i e C o u n t y ___ __ __ __ _________ N ia g a r a C o u n t y ---------- ------------------N on m an u factu rin g _____ __ _________ 1 * _ _ __ __ ----__ _ $ $ $ 1.70 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2.5 0 $ 2. 60 $ 2.70 $ 2.8 0 $ 2. 90 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3.2 0 " 1.70 1.80 ~ 1.90 ■ 2.0 0 “ 2. 10 “ 2.20 2.3 0 " 2 .4 0 “ 2. 50 “ 2.6 0 2.7 0 2 .80 2. 90 3.00 3.10 3.20 over 27 24 24 3 2 63 50 30 20 13 1 72 47 30 17 25 22 228 161 134 27 67 64 381 370 254 116 11 293 293 224 69 - - - - - - - _ - 11 11 11 - - 13 13 10 3 49 49 49 - 190 190 142 48 180 180 171 9 87 87 45 42 22 22 20 2 1 1 1 39 39 39 “ 40 35 34 1 208 208 163 45 180 180 97 83 159 159 87 72 251 251 194 57 111 111 111 " - 65 65 31 34 141 6 6 135 134 200 41 41 159 143 50 41 39 2 9 9 53 47 18 29 6 6 57 27 25 2 30 15 9 9 9 - _ - _ - 4 4 4 - 1. 60 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ - “ " - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - - - _ - - _ - “ - _ - _ _ _ - - - _ - _ - - - - - “ - - - 202 202 202 99 99 81 18 1 1 1 4 4 4 _ - _ - - - 63 ------5T~ 63 - - 63 ----- 6T~ 63 _ " _ - - - _ _ - - - - 48 2 2 46 25 - - - - - - 6 6 6 136 123 110 13 272 272 95 177 305 298 136 162 313 252 193 59 14 13 13 285 285 285 _ - - _ - - - - - 89 89 88 1 137 137 137 - 27 24 20 4 123 111 111 - 45 38 2 36 _ _ _ _ _ - " “ - - - .. - _ - 216 2 lF " 51 165 446 446 316 130 _ - - - - 154 154 68 86 3 3 3 - 19 19 15 4 27 27 27 - 25 25 19 6 70 70 70 “ 27 27 25 2 - - 4 4 4 _ - - - - - - - - 17 12 6 6 65 52 30 22 126 ITS” 81 45 120 120 71 49 93 93 78 15 29 29 25 4 55 55 55 110 110 110 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - " " " - - - - 5 _ 12 11 11 72 66 58 8 6 62 , 60 23 37 2 79 77 32 45 2 67 67 24 43 32 32 32 9 9 9 6 6 6 2 - _ - 5 1 1 _ - _ - - - - - - - - - " - - - 2 " 4 21 21 15 6 22 22 12 10 220 220 137 83 149 149 24 125 257 253 168 85 84 84 84 31 31 31 23 23 23 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - " - - - - 4 1 36 36 22 14 43 43 15 28 88 88 63 25 60 60 60 22 22 22 70 70 42 97 97 85 117 117 87 187 187 140 - _ - - 9 _ 7 6 - 10 5 5 - 6 - _ _ _ _ 2 - - - •- - - 2 _ _ _ „ _ - - - - - - - “ 16 2 2 — n r~ 6 1 1 10 _ - - - - 21 21 15 6 37 12 5 1 - _ 4 4 4 16 16 16 - - 9 9 4 5 37 - 17 5 5 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - - _ _ - - - - - 8 8 8 - - - “ “ 1 4 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 10 10 10 12 12 12 - - _ _ _ - - - - - “ “ “ ~ - " - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - “ 8 8 8 9 9 9 448 448 303 - _ 294 294 294 _ - - 10 10 - - _ _ - - E x c lu d e s p re m iu m p ay fo r o v e rtim e , and fo r w o rk on w e ek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. W o r k e r s w e re d istrib u te d as fo llo w s : 15 at $ 3 .3 0 to $ 3 .4 0 ; 8 at $3. 50 to $ 3. 60; 2 at $3. 90 to $4. T ra n s p o rta tio n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ), com m u n ication , and other public u t ilit ie s . - 2 2 2 - - 549 549 549 - - - - 50 50 50 - 5 5 _ _ _ - 111 111 85 26 - and _ - 121 121 121 _ - _ - - 1 1 1 4 4 4 - _ - 10 10 10 10 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s (A v e ra g e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an a rea b a sis in Buffalo (E r ie and N ia g a ra C ounties), N . Y. , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccupation1 and industry division $ $ Average» 0. 70 hourly 0 . 80 0 . earnings and under . 80 ....30.. 1 . 0 0 E levator o p erators, p assen ger (m e n )__________ Nonmanufacturing 70 57 $ 1. 24 1 . 18 E levator o p erators, p assen ger (women) Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ 149 143 Guards _ ... ....... Manufacturing __________________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County N on m an ufacturin g______________________________ 1,056 Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (m en) ________ M an u factu rin g __________________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County ________________ _________ N o n m an u factu rin g______________________________ Public utilities * ____________________________ % $ 1 . 0 0 901 . 10 $ 1 . 20 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 40 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1. 70 $ 1 . 80 $ 1.90 $ 2. 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 1 . 10 1. 30 1. 40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1 . 80 1.90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2 . 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 1 . 20 ~ - 19 19 4 4 1. 07 1. 07 - 13 13 14 14 80 80 11 11 695 298 63 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 03 04 04 03 90 _ - - - _ - 1 1 1 - - 2, 542 1,920 1,307 613 622 131 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 70 83 82 86 28 57 29 29 - 20 20 34 34 120 13 13 107 " 90 8 8 82 " 81 12 12 69 22 - - " 7 2 32 32 1 - 6 - 22 22 3 3 - - _ - _ " 5 5 7 6 6 1 34 32 20 12 2 80 13 7 6 67 10 1 01 38 34 4 63 8 117 90 72 18 27 18 224 179 156 23 45 21 $ 2.80 and over " - 1 - 6 - - " - - - - - - - - - - - - . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 8 8 8 _ 5 5 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 35 ~33— 31 2 2 114 93 61 32 21 336 287 183 104 49 46 604 576 271 305 28 6 - 465 439 272 167 26 109 “ TOT' 71 32 6 395 272 272 234 38 - W T 287 106 2 " - 80 ----- 50“ 78 2 13 — r r 12 i - 133 133 82 51 24 24 18 6 - - _ - 60 ~50“ 60 _ - - - - - - 2 2 2 - _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - " - _ - _ - _ - - _ - . - Janitors, p o rters, and clean ers (women) ______ Manufacturing ________________________________ _ E rie County _ N ia g a ra County _____________________________ Nonm anufacturing ______________________________ 1,094 384 282 102 710 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 27 57 55 64 11 70 70 30 30 63 63 223 13 13 210 95 20 20 75 96 29 29 67 182 47 47 135 67 23 18 5 44 55 53 12 41 2 54 47 19 28 7 42 42 32 10 - 87 80 65 15 7 - 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - L a b o r e r s , m aterial handling M a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra C ounty ___ Nonm anufacturing ______________________________ Public utilities * ____________________________ 5,453 4, 018 3, 156 862 1, 435 330 1 . 86 1 . 90 1. 91 1. 84 1. 74 1. 98 9 9 - 24 24 “ 64 64 " 93 40 40 53 3 34 34 - 205 38 38 167 " 64 38 32 6 26 - 77 65 57 8 12 " 235 194 162 32 41 - 275 265 248 17 10 " 828 732 549 183 96 - 525 465 318 147 60 47 1094 550“ 339 311 444 150 952 651 545 106 301 115 874 816 804 12 58 - 82 64 64 18 15 _ - 18 18 - _ - _ - _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ - - - - O rd e r fille r s _______________________________________ M an u factu rin g __________________________________ E rie County N ia g a ra County _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ,__________ ____________ 765 397 341 56 368 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 95 87 87 90 03 _ - _ - _ - 10 10 10 - 30 19 18 1 11 37 37 29 8 - 54 54 54 - 141 124 109 15 17 337 21 13 14 310 59 41 41 18 13 13 13 - 14 4 4 10 . - 2 2 2 - _ - _ _ - _ . - 1 1 66 66 52 14 - 1 1 _ - - . - P a c k e rs, shipping (men) Manufacturing E rie County _ _ N ia g a ra County _____ 2 . 06 2 . 08 1 . 98 2. 44 _ - _ - 1 - _ - 6 - 10 8 8 - - “ " 40 33 33 - 98 91 79 12 250 250 245 5 130 126 71 55 10 10 9 1 50 50 50 ' 14 7 7 - 64 64 64 - 12 11 11 " 2 - _ ________ 861 52? 650 174 32 32 32 P a c k e rs, shipping (women) Manufacturing E r ie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County _____________________________ N on m an ufacturin g______________________________ 339 2&6 218 48 73 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2 2 18 18 53 48 48 5 4 3 3 1 40 40 33 33 25 8 " 14 14 5 9 - 25 25 23 2 - 87 87 87 - 6 9 8 8 1 R eceiving clerk s .......... .. . Manufacturing _ ... ^ . .... E rie County _ _ N ia g a ra County _ __ 375 218 169 49 157 1. 92 6 - 7 - 12 2 2 2 - - - 10 2 16 5 4 1 11 39 21 11 10 18 25 ... 10 8 2 15 38 25 19 6 13 _________ . Nonmanufacturing___ ______________________ 54 62 55 93 25 2. 04 1. 98 1. 78 _ _ - - _ _ - - 4 - - - - _ 4 6 7 See footnotes at end of table. * T ransportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), communication, and other public utilities, 25 19 19 - - 26 26 25 1 - 2 2 2 - _ 1 1 1 - —nr - 27 12 4 11 67 " W 33 6 28 - _ - _ - - - - - 22 22 68 68 68 - 12 12 _ 12 _ _ 40 40 _ 3 40 r 17 _ - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - 5 5 5 2 2 _ 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ - - - - - 28 “ - - 77 39 ----- 45“ — T8 36 32 10 6 31 1 7 7 C, 2 - . - - - - _ _ - 28 28 _ _ _ _ Occupational W age Survey, B u ffalo (E r ie and N ia g a ra C ounties), N. Y. , Septem ber 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R B u reau of L a b o r Statistics 11 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (A v e ra g e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an a re a basis in B uffalo (E r ie and N ia g a ra C ounties), N . Y . , by industry division, Septem ber 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation1 and industry division Number of workers Average_ $ hourly ‘ 0. 70 earnings and $ 1$ 0 . 80 0 . 90 . 90 Shipping clerk s _________ _____ _________________ M an u factu rin g __________________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County ------------------------------------------ 248 214 188 26 $ 2 . 01 2 .0 8 2. 07 2 . 21 Shipping and receiving c lerk s ---------------------------M an u factu rin g ____ ________ __ ___________ E rie C o u n ty ______ __________________ ____ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 219 146 127 73 2 . 01 ... 270 6... 2. 05 1.91 T ruck d river s 4 . . . _ . M an u factu rin g _______________ ______ ___ ____ E rie County _____ ____________ ____________ N ia g a ra C o u n ty _____ _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ Public utilities * __ _________________________ 2, 706 1, 127 926 201 1, 579 1, 104 T ru c k d riv e rs , light (under lV 2 tons) ________ M an u factu rin g_______________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________ __________________ T ru c k d riv e rs, m edium (I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ______________________________ M an u factu rin g_______________________________ E rie County ____________________________ N ia g a ra County _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ ____ Public utilities * _________________________ - 1. 30 1. 40 - 4 - - " - - 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 over 23 17 17 " 22 ---- n — 13 " 16 12 12 - 8 ------8~ 4 4 5 5 19 -----8 8 11 35 31 28 3 4 4 - 2 - - - - - " - ~ ■ T1 2 2 9 " " ■ _ o th e r w is e 1.90 - _ 66 79 35 62 1 . 80 _ - - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 70 _ - - 270 176 158 41 1. 60 _ - _ _ ~ " 5 5 1. 50 11 - - 1. 61 $ 2 . 80 and _ - _ 1771 $ 2 . 70 _ - - 604 $ , 2 . 60 _ - - ----- $ 2. 50 11 2 2 9 - - _ $ 2. 40 _ - - 2. 15 2715 2. 17 2. 07 1$ 2. 30 11 11 - - 465 ----- ¥ 3 T ~ 336 122 $ 2 . 20 _ - “ T ru ck ers, power (other than forklift) __________ M an u factu rin g __________________________________ E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County __ _ ______ $ 2 . 10 _ - - " “ $ 2 . 00 1 1 - _ $ 1.90 - _ - 2. 07 2:0 ? " 2 . 09 2. 00 2. 07 2. 08 $ 1 . 80 - 2. 07 2. 03 2. 03 2 . 06 2 . 08 2 . 11 1,440 1,297 982 315 143 66 $ 1. 70 15 15 840 282 214 68 558 349 T ru ck ers, power (forklift) --------------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------------------------------------E rie C o u n ty __________________________________ N ia g a ra County -----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing______________________________ ......... PnV*1i r utilities * $ , 1 .6 0 3 3 _ - _ $ 1. 50 - 1. 99 2. 05 2. 07 2 . 21 2 . 22 2. 23 1. 40 - 410 137 116 385 343 318 % - - T ru c k d riv e rs, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) _____________ _______ Mannff,r *'|' r ’T,g ................ E rie C o u n ty ______________ _________ —- except w h ere 1. 20 _ - 2 . 20 2 . 18 2 . 12 D a t a l i m i t e d to m e n w o r k e r s , 1 . 10 _ - 887 ----- 637 520 1 $ 1. 30 ~ " 2 3 4 * $ 1 . 20 13 15 16 09 12 11 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. T ru c k d riv e rs, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) __________________________________ N on m an ufacturin g---------- ------------------------Public utilities * ________________________ Watchmen ______________________ __________________ M an u factu rin g ----------------- ----------------------------E rie C o u n ty ---------------- ---------- ----------------N ia g a ra County ____________ ______ _______ N on m an ufacturin g_________ ___ _____________ Public utilities * _ _______________________ _ $ 1 . 10 - ~ _ - 1. 00 $ 1 .0 0 - _ - ' : - - 165 21 21 144 4 4 4 - " - 5 1 - 28 28 28 - - - " " 504 52 24 28 452 333 46 46 40 6 6 6 6 ■ " " ■ " " 2 2 2 “ " - 6 2 2 687 518 518 22 21 72 - 10 10 86 84 - - " 24 24 24 37 36 33 122 81 61 107 107 107 35 35 33 39 39 39 19 19 19 2 2 2 ■ “ 103 101 52 49 2 2 206 206 193 13 “ 378 313 221 92 65 25 471 429 321 108 42 39 82 54 51 3 28 11 11 11 “ 35 35 33 2 42 42 42 " - 15 15 15 - - 15 15 9 6 87 87 57 30 106 88 88 “ H 106 " 40 71 35 48 97 15 15 11 4 - 13 13 77 56 27 29 21 - 64 44 42 2 20 17 448 178 131 47 270 189 1402 382 319 63 1020 898 228 203 156 47 25 - 7 7 8 7 7 231 21 14 56 50 45 28 11 9 2 17 16 147 90 80 10 57 4 2 ” ~ ■ ■ ~ " - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - 55 51 20 31 4 30 28 11 17 2 - - - - 61 13 55.. — 8 2 32 3 6 26 5 10 15 — 8 7 2 4 35 - 12 12 12 6 6 6 - 9 9 9 - 55 T § 36 2 17 2 65 57 33 24 8 1 in d ic a te d . Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e, and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. W o rk ers w ere distributed as follow s: 16 at $ 2. 90 to $ 3; 1 at $ 3 to $ 3. 20; 4 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 40; 19 at $ 3. 40 to $ 3. 60. Includes all d riv e rs re g a rd le s s of size and type of truck operated. Transportation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. 52 39 39 13 13 8 4 5 70 49 27 22 21 - 20 148 145 139 6 3 " 71 71 69 - 11 11 11 _ - - 2 2 - 34 29 26 5 11 11 11 “ - 20 - - 9 8 6 1 4 2 2 2 “ - 53 19 19 34 7 7 11 ------g— 2 3 ■ " _ - 11 11 11 - - - - 9 5 5 4 25 25 23 2 9 — 5— 5 - - 1 1 1 32 32 27 5 " _ . 4 4 4 - 25 25 22 3 21 17 17 _ _ 3 3 3 11 11 11 - 34 1 - " _ _ 41 -----5— 25 25 25 - 32 20 8 20 16 16 4 - - _ 7 7 7 25 24 20 4 — ~ ~ 106 89 ~57---- " l'Q'4 57 11 46 47 2 32 24 2 ZT — 51 44 2 2 " 10 10 10 - ■ " _ ‘ " 17 10 10 _ - ' 27 27 27 - _ - " ~ - - “ - 2 2 2 - _ - 66 66 66 - 14 14 14 - 3 3 3 ■ ■ " - - - _ 13 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu rin g plant w o r k e r s — (a) In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo r m a l p ro v is io n s f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l Second sh ift w o rk T o t a l ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- __ T h ir d o r other sh ift w o rk (b) A c t u a lly w o rk in g on— S econ d shift T h ir d o r oth er sh ift 91. 5 88. 0 21. 5 7. 9 91. 0 88. 0 21. 5 7 .9 __ 62. 4 54. 0 13. 7 5. 7 U n d e r 5 cen ts _ _____ _____ „ ___ ________ 5 cen ts ________ _____ __ __ __ _____ __ __ 6 cents __ _____ _____ ______ 7 o r l llz cents ________________________________________________ 8 o r 8 V2 cents _________________ ___________ _______________ 9 o r 9 V2 cents ________________________________________________ 1 0 cents _________ ____________________________________________ O v e r 10 and under 15 cents 15 cents ___________ _______ _________ „ _____ _________ O v e r 15 cents 1. 5 4. 7 21. 1 3. 8 4. 6 3 .4 12. 9 2 .6 5. 4 2. 4 _ 1. 0 1 .9 2. 6 24. 4 14. 7 4. 0 2. 0 3. 3 . . 5. . . . 2. . 2. . U n ifo r m p e rc e n ta g e ____________________________________________ 22. 4 22. 2 6.9 1. 1 . 2 13. 5 1 .4 7. 3 5. 7 .7 15. 8 . 1 . . 1 . 8 ___________ 6. 1 11. 7 N o sh ift p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l ___________________________________________ .6 W ith sh ift p ay d iffe r e n t ia l _______ ______________________________ U n ifo r m cents (p e r h ou r) __ ___ ___ ___ „ 3 p e rc e n t __________________________ _________________________ 5 p e rc e n t ___ _________________________ _________________ __ 7 o r 7 V2 p e r c e n t _____________________________________________ __________________________ _________ __ 9 p e r c e n t __ __ 1 0 p e rc e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Othe r 2 ______________ _________ _________________ t 4 8 2 7 7 5 2 5 3 4 4. 4 3 . 2. 1 .9 _ t . . 3. . . . . 1 3 7 9 2 2 4 3 1 .0 t 1 Shift d iffe r e n t ia l d ata a r e p re s e n te d in t e r m s o f (a) e sta b lis h m e n t p o lic y , and (b) w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u rv e y . A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d as h av in g a p o lic y i f it m et e ith e r of the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s: (l) O p e r a t e d la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts. 2 In clu d es d iffe r e n t ia ls v a ry in g a c c o rd in g to occu p ation o r a c c o r d in g to d e g r e e of shift ro tatio n , c o m b in atio n of a cents d iffe r e n t ia l plu s a p aid lu n ch p e r io d , and other p r o v is io n s . f L e s s than 0. 05 p e rc e n t. O cc u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rv e y , B u ffa lo ( E r i e and N i a g a r a C o u n t ie s ), N . Y . , S e p te m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u of L a b o r S ta tistic s 14 Table B-2*. Minimum Entrance Rates for W om en Office W o rk e rs 1 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w it h s p e c if ie d m in im u m M in im u m ra t e (w e e k ly s a la r y ) Based A ll in d u s t r ie s A ll s c h e d u le s E s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d ______________________________________ ___________ 230 131 h ir in g ra te in — M a n u fa c tu rin g on s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u rs 2 o f - A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w it h S p e c ifie d m in im u m N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g M a n u fa c tu rin g 99 37V, XXX A ll s c h e d u le s XXX 230 For Inexperienced Typists E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v i n g a s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m _____________________ 11 3 _ 74 _ 60 _ 39 _ in — B a s e d on s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f- A ll in d u s t r ie s 40 h ir in g ra te N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 131 A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 99 37Vz 40 XXX XXX 17 27 For Other Inexperienced C lerical W orkers* 13 . 19 _ 130 74 56 62 _ _ _ $ 3 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 3 2 . 5 0 _____________________________________________ $ 3 5 . 0 0 ___ _____ ___ __ _________ __ 2 - - ? 1 - 2 2 - - $ 3 5 .0 0 an d u n d e r $ 3 7 . 5 0 ______ 4 - 4 5 - - 5 2 - $ 4 0 . 0 0 _________________ 1 1 - $ 3 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r - - 3 1 - 2 1 - $ 4 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 . 5 0 _____________________________________________ 6 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 . 50 $ 6 0 . 00 39 13 21 8 16 6 4 1 25 7 8 15 4 7 13 4 6 18 5 10 3 12 2 4 7 4 6 4 $ 3 0 .0 0 an d u n d e r _____ ________ _____ ___ _______________ 2 30 16 1 10 4 1 2 4 - 9 8 5 15 4 6 7 7 5 3 12 4 4 7 7 4 1 - - 9 6 __ 3 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 4 6 5 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 1 2 1 ___ ________ 33 21 XXX 12 XXX 39 i n t h i s c a t e g o r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 34 XXX 47 XXX XXX 3 2 XXX 1 XX X XXX and and and and and and and under under under under under under under $ 6 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r ___ _____________ __________ ______ _____________________________________________ __ ______ __ __ _____ ______ __ _______ ___ _ ___ __ ____ _ _ _ ______ ________ _ __ _____________________________________________ $ 6 2 . 5 0 __ _____ ___ $ 6 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 . 0 0 __________ __ $ 6 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 7 . 5 0 ______ __ _ $ 6 7 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 0 . 0 0 ------ E s ta b lis h m e n ts _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ____ _ __ _ h a v in g n o s p e c ifie d m in im u m ________ __ ___ _ 10 24 4 1 20 6 9 1 9 3 2 1 - XXX 2 5 3 1 2 2 1 5 2 - 1 3 1 1 3 1 - - 2 3 1 - 1 1 - - - 23 XXX 16 58 32 XXX 26 3 2 XXX 1 1 - - - 1 1 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX E s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s D a t a n ot a v a ila b le __ _______ __ _ ------ _ ____ __ _ — 1 L o w e s t s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e sta b lish e d fo r h irin g in exp erien ced w o rk e rs fo r typing o r other c le r ic a l jo b s. 2 Standard hours r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k fo r which em ployees re c e iv e th eir re g u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a r e p resen ted fo r a ll w o rk w eek s com bined, and rep o rted . 3 R ates ap p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , office g i r ls , or s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jobs a r e not c o n sid ered . 1 fo r the m ost com m on w o rk w eek s O ccupational W a g e S u rvey, B u ffa lo (E r ie and N ia g a r a C o u n tie s), N . Y . , S ep tem b er 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u of L a b o r Statistics 15 Ta b le B-3: Scheduled W e e k ly H o u rs PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS1EM PLOYED I N - PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— W eek ly h ou rs All industries 2 A ll w o rk e rs ___________________________________ U n d er 3 1 1/z hours --------------------------------------------3 7 V2 h ours ____________________________ ____________ O v e r 3 7V2 and under 4 0 h o u r s _______ ______ 4 0 hours __ __ ________________________ _______ O v e r 4 0 and under 4 5 h ou rs ________________ 4 5 hours and o v e r ___ __ ------------------ __ _____ 1 3 t * Public utilities * Manufacturing 100 100 ! All industries 3 100 i;i 100 \ t --------------------- ----------------------- f- 11 4 t 27 11 7 70 4 57 78 28 t . f * i, ! 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 100 100 t t t _ _ 85 93 88 t 12 5 3 3 4 * t D a t a r e l a t e to w o m e n w o r k e r s o n ly . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . Ta b le B 4 : Paid H o lid a y s 1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N - All industries 2 A ll w o r k e r s ___ _____ ____________________ PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— i-------------------------------------------- 1 1 Item __ W o rk e rs in establish m en ts providing paid holidays _________________________________ L e s s than 6 holidays ________________________ j ! ---------------------6 h olid ays ------------- ------6 holidays plus 2 h a lf days ________________ 6 h olidays plus 1, 3, 4 o r 5 h a lf days______ 7 holidays ___________________ ______________ 7 h olidays plus 1 h a lf d a y ________________ 7 h olidays plus 2 h a lf days ________________ 7 holidays plus 4 o r 5 h a lf days __ _____ 8 h olidays _______________________________ ___ 8 holidays plus 2 h a lf days _______ ___ 9 holidays _____________ _____ __ ---------10 h o lid a y s ______________ ____________________ 11 h o lid a y s ___________________ _____ _______ 12 h o lid a y s ________ ________________ _____ W o rk e rs in establish m en ts p roviding no paid holidays --------------------------------------- — Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 100 99 100 23 14 t 26 6 3 t 5 t t 3 13 t 16 24 t 41 4 5 3 4 t 99 13 4 T - - t - t ! I ! ; ! ! ! ; ! ; i - 17 - 18 - - 45 - * All industries i t i_______________________________ 100 ............ j ] j j ............ . 1 Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 97 t 30 16 t 35 t 3 98 t 16 21 t 45 t 4 99 _ 39 - 5 t t t t - 5 t t t - - 3 7 10 16 - 27 t i 1 E s t i m a t e s r e l a t e to h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly . 2 I n c lu d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e ; i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , t L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo (E rie and Niagara Counties), N . Y . , September 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R Bureau of Labor Statistics 16 Table B-5: N O l^ E : Paid Vacations In th e ta b u la t io n s o f v a c a t io n a l lo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th an " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a n e q u i v a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . 17 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , 2 In c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , 3 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n an d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t the in d i v id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d ic a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . E s tim a te s a r e c u m u la tiv e . T h u s , the p r o p o r t i o n r e c e i v i n g 3 w e e k s 'o r m o r e p a y a f t e r 5 y e a r s in c lu d e s th o s e w h o r e c e i v e 3 w e e k s 'o r m o re p ay a fte r fe w e r y e a rs of s e rv ic e . f L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— 1 T y p e o f p la n All industries 1 100 100 n All industries Public utilities * Manufacturing ' Manufacturing 100 Public utilities * 100 100 ---------- 100 L i f e i n s u r a n c e ______ __ ------------------------ ------A c c i d e n t a l d e a th an d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ------------ ------------------------- — ---------S i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 4 ---------- ---------- ---------- __ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e _______ S i c k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y an d no w a i t in g p e r i o d ) ------------------------ __ ---------S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) _______________________ __ -----H o s p it a l iz a t io n i n s u r a n c e --------------S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e _____________________________ __ M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e _____ — __ ______ ______ C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ----------- -------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n _______ ______ __ ________ N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n --------------------------------------------------------------------- 93 97 96 ! 91 95 98 39 48 3 11 ! 38 ! 42 3 36 91 48 92 62 97 8 | 80 68 j 84 3 1 79 88 3 26 75 70 94 10 3 34 t 3 96 92 53 t ! j ! 88 8 96 95 57 29 70 70 37 ll 50 50 38 18 9 89 i 4 4 17 84 88 i 75 80 87 : 3 t - A l l w o r k e r s _________ — --------------------- -------------- 1 W o r k e r s in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : 87 82 53 11 81 t ! ; : : ; i * 1 . 52 * 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a le t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 N o t c o m p a r a b l e w it h A p r i l 1953 d a ta ( B u l l . 1116 an d 1 1 1 6 -2 0 ). 4 U n d u p lic a t e d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to th o s e the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th at c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e a l lo w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d on an in d i v id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . f L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , w h ic h d e fin it e ly e s t a b lis h at le a s t B u f f a lo ( E r i e a n d N i a g a r a C o u n t i e s ), N . Y . , S e p t e m b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s 19 Appendix: Job Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau*s job descriptions may d iffer sig n ifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau*s field representatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing supervisors, apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. Office B IL L E R , MACHINE P rep a res statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or p erform other c lerica l work in cidental to billing operations. F o r wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follows: B ille r , machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott F ish er, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r , machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott F ish er, Remington Rand, e t c ., which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertica l columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE O PER ATO R Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R eg ister, with or with out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BO O KKEEPING -M ACHINE O PE R ATO R - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fa m ilia rity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under b ille r, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sheets fo r the accounting department. C LE R K , ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment* s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or a c counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requ ires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. C lass B - Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers; entering vouchers in voucher re gisters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary led gers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the m ore routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several w orkers. 20 C LE R K , F IL E Class A - Responsible fo r maintaining an established filing system. C la ssifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with file s or supervise others in filin g and locating m aterial in the file s . May p erfo rm incidental cle ric a l duties. Class B - P erfo rm s routine filing, usually of m aterial that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a te ria l in the file s . May p erfo rm incidental cle ric a l duties. C LE R K , ORDER R eceives custom ers1 o rders for m aterial or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the follow in g: Quoting p rices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the item s to make up the order; checking p rices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled . May check with credit department to d eter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received , and check shipping invoices with original orders. C LE R K , K E Y -PU N C H O PER ATO R Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, follow ing w ritten information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May v e rify own work or work of others. O FFIC E BOY OR G IRL P e rfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m a ilers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor c le ric a l work. SECRE TARY P erfo rm s secreta ria l and c le rica l duties fo r a superior in an adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receivin g people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded inform ation reproduced on a tianscribin g machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda fo r information of superior. PAYRO LL STENOGRAPHER, G EN ERAL Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w ork ers1 earnings based on tim e or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out pay checks and assist paym aster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep file s in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). C O M PTO M ETER O PER ATO R STENOGRAPHER, P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe m atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal b riefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and keep file s in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine w ork . TE C H N IC A L D U PLIC A TIN G -M AC H IN E O PE R A TO R (M IM EOGRAPH OR D IT T O ) SWITCHBOARD O PER ATO R Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten m atter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted m aterial. Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essages. May give in fo r mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. F o r w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 21 SWITCHBOARD O PE R A TO R -R E C E PTIO N IS T tion type This time TRANSCRIBING -M ACH INE O PER ATO R, In addition to perform ing duties of operator, on a single posi or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine cleric a l work as part of regular duties. typing or cle ric a l work may take the m ajor part of this worker*s while at switchboard. TABU BATING -M ACH INE O PERATO R Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple w iring of plugboards according to established practice or diagram s; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING -M ACH INE O PER ATO R, included. A w orker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IS T Uses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do cleric a l work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and d is tributing incoming m ail. Class A - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing m aterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign language copy; combining m aterial from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circum stances. G ENERAL P rim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple c le rica l work. W orkers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu la ry such as legal b riefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSM AN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p r e pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or p erfo rm other duties under direction of a draftsman. D RAFTSM AN, LEAD ER Plans and directs activities of one or m ore draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and w ritten or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing m ore difficult problem s. May assist subordinates during G EN ERAL - Continued Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow ing: Typing from rela tively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance policies, etc. ; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly. and Technical D RAFTSM AN, LEAD ER - Continued em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or adm inistrative nature. D RAFTSM AN , SENIOR P rep a res working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Preparin g working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and trusses; verifyin g completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; w riting specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trica l, mechanical, or structural drafting. 22 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL, (REG ISTERED ) NURSE, IN D U STR IA L (REGISTERED) - Continued A re gistered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Giving fir s t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, w elfa re, and safety of all personnel. Maintenance TRAC ER Copies tracing cloth or Uses T-squ are, simple drawings and plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare and do simple letterin g. Powerplant C A R P E N TE R , M AIN TEN AN C E ENGINEER, S TA TIO N AR Y P erfo rm s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, flo ors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter* s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting m aterials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent tra in ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or e lec trica l) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves; Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, a ir com pressors, generators, m o tors, turbines, ventilating and refrig era tin g equipment, steam boilers and b o iler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded. E LE C TR IC IA N , M AIN TEN AN CE P erfo rm s a variety of elec trica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of ele c tric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a va riety of elec trica l equipment such as generators, tran sform ers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, m otors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transm ission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the elec trica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents of w iring or elec trica l equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electricia n requ ires rounded training and experience usually a c quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREM A N , S TA TIO N AR Y BO ILER F ir e s stationary b oilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fir e by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing b o ilerroom equipment. H E LPE R , TRADES, M AIN TEN AN CE A ssists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing specific or general duties of le s s e r skill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning w ork ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting w orker by holding m a teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jo u r neyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to p erform va ries from trade to trade; In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is perm itted to p erform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e basis. 23 M AC H IN E-TO O L O PER ATO R, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s , fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and perform in g difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of p recision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. F or cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MECHANIC, M AIN TEN AN CE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the follow in g: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and perform ing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacem ent part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop fo r m ajor repairs; preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling machines; and making a ll necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are w orkers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. M AIN TEN AN CE M ILLW RIG H T Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow in g: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va riety of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations re la t ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the m ach in ists work norm ally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y out are required. Work involves most of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transm ission equipment such as drives and speed r e ducers. In general, the m illw righ t1s work norm ally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, A U TO M O TIVE (M A IN TE N A N C E ) Repairs automobiles, busses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in d is assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with o il or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. P A IN T E R , M AIN TEN AN CE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the follow in g: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required fo r different applications; preparing surface for painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requ ires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 24 P IP E F IT T E R , M AIN TEN AN C E S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo l lowing; Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to co rrect lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or pow er-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressu res, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers p rim a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLU M B ER, M AIN TEN AN CE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber*s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow in g: Planning Custodial E LE V A T O R O PER ATO R, a nd TO O L AND DIE MAKER (Diem aker; jig m aker; toolm aker; fixture maker; PASSENGER GUARD P erfo rm s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or fo rce where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering. gauge m aker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s , fix tures or dies fo r forgings, punching and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves most of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp e cifi cations; using a variety of tool and die maker*s handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and a llow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker*s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F o r cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material Transports passengers between flo ors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. and laying out a ll types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating a ll available types of sheet-m etal-w orking machines; using a va riety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-m etal a rticles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Movement JANITOR, PO R TE R , OR C LE A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; ja n itress) Cleans and keeps in an o rd erly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an o ffice, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping, or scrubbing, and polishing flo ors; rem oving chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning la va tories, showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 25 LABORER, M ATERIAL, HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse h elp er ) A w orker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow in g; Loading and unloading various m aterials and merchandise on or from freigh t cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting m aterials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SH IPPING AND RECEIVING C LE R K - Continued other records; checking fo r shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and file s . F o r wage study purposes, w orkers are classified as follow s: Receivin g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receivin g clerk TRU CKD RIVER ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or tran sfer orders fo r finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, custom ers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to fillin g orders and indicating item s fille d or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and p erfo rm other related duties. PA C K E R , SHIPPING P rep a res finished products fo r shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using ex celsio r or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K Prep a res merchandise fo r shipment, or receives and is r e sponsible fo r incoming shipment of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work in volves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p rac tices^ routes, available means of transportation and rates; and p r e paring records of the goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise fo r shipment. Receiving work in volves: V erifyin g or directing others in verifyin g the correctness of shipments against b ills of lading, invoices, or D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freigh t depots, w a re houses, wholesale and reta il establishments, or between reta il estab lishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical rep a irs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-sa lesm en and o ver-th e-ro a d d rivers are excluded. F o r wage study purposes, tru ckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (T r a c to r-tr a ile r should be rated on the basis of tra ile r capacity. ) T ru ckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) T ru ckdriver, light (under 1Va tons) T ru ckdriver, medium (lVz to and including 4 tons) T ru ckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) T ru ckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRU CKER, POW ER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or elec tric-p o w ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of a ll kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. F o r wage study purposes, w orkers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (fo rk lift) Trucker, power (other than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises period ically in protecting property against fir e , theft, and illeg a l entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 1957 O— 414381 Bulletins in This Series O ccu p a tio n a l wage su rv ey s are b ein g conducted in 19 m ajor labor m arkets during la te 1956 and e arly 19 5 7 . A b u lle tin for the follow ing are a i s now a v a ila b le and may be p u rch ased from the Sup erintend ent of D ocu m ents, Government P rin tin g O ffic e , W ashington 25, D. C ., or from any of the reg io n al s a le s o f fic e s lis te d below . A s ad d itional b u lle tin s becom e a v a ila b le , they w ill be lis te d in su b seq u en t is s u e s . L a b o r Market Survey P erio d S e a ttle , Wash. August 1956 B L S B u lle tin Number P r ic e 1 2 02-1 25 c e n ts Regional Sales Offices U . S. Department of L ab o r Bureau of L abo r Statistics 18 O liver Street Boston 10, M ass. U . S. Department of Labor Bureau of L abo r Statistics 50 Seventh Street, N . E. Atlanta 23, G a. U . S. Department of L abor Bureau of L abor Statistics 105 West Adams Street C hicago 3, 111. U . S. Department of L abor Bureau of L ab o r Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue N e w York 1, N . Y . U. S. Department of L abor Bureau of L abo r Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Fran cisco 11, C alif.
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