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Occupational Wage Survey Bulletin No. 1202-14 UN ITED STA TES D EPA RTM EN T O F LABO R James P. M itchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F LA B O R S TA TIS TIC S Ew a n Clagua, CommisMonar Occupational Wage Survey MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA MARCH 1957 Bulletin No. 1202-14 UN ITED STA TES D EPA RTM EN T OF LA BO R James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner June 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 20 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics regu larly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fa ll to ea rly spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim in ary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the e a rlie r report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of a ll of the y e a r ’ s surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. 1 2 Tables: 1; 2: A: Establishments and w orkers within scope of s u r v e y ___________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods ____________________ Occupational earnings * A - 1: O ffice occupations ________________________________________ A -2 : Professional and technical occupations _________________ A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occu pation s_________________ A -4 : Custodial and m aterial movement occupations __________ Appendix: Job descriptions * NO TE: Sim ilar tabulations are available in the Minneapolis St. Paul area reports for Novem ber in 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1954 and for December 1955. Most of the reports also include data on shift differen tial provision s; minimum entrance rates for women cT ic e w orkers; scheduled weekly hours; paid h o li days; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans. The 1953 report also includes wage structure ch aracteristics, labor-managem ent agreem ents, and overtim e pay provisions; the 1954 report, frequency of wage payments and pay provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay lev e ls , a re ava ila ble for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-tran sit operating em ployees, and m otortruck d riv e rs . 1 2 oO vO t'— 00 In trodu ction ______________________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups __________________________ 10 Occupational Wage Survey - Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. Introduction •a c cu ra c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n of la r g e th an of s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts i s stu d ie d . In c o m b in in g th e d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s tim a te s b a se d on th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , th e r e fo r e , a s r e la tin g to a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts in th e in d u str y g ro u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s iz e stu d ie d . O c c u p a tio n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty of m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O cc u p a tio n a l c la s s if ic a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo rm se t of job d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t of in t e r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u tie s w ith in th e sa m e job ( s e e a p p en d ix fo r lis tin g of th e s e d e s c r ip tio n s ). E a r n in g s d ata a r e p r e s e n te d (in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r th e fo llo w in g ty p e s of o c c u p a tio n s: (a) O ffic e c le r ic a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in te n a n c e and p o w er p la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. T h e M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l a r e a i s on e of s e v e r a l im p o r ta n t in d u str ia l c e n te r s in w h ic h th e D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r* s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s c o n d u c ts s u r v e y s of o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d w a g e b e n e fits . A lth o u g h data a r e n o r m a lly o b ta in ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s of B u r e a u fie ld a g e n ts to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts , d ata in th is r e p o r t w e r e o b ta in ed c h ie fly by te le p h o n e . C u r r e n t o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s in fo r m a tio n w a s p r o v id e d by th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts v is ite d in D e c e m b e r 1955, fo r o c c u p a tio n s r e p o r te d in th a t e a r lie r stu d y . C u r r e n t in fo r m a tio n on r e la te d w a g e b e n e fits w a s not c o lle c te d . 1 In e a c h a r e a , d ata a r e o b ta in ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b ro a d in d u str y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n sp o r ta tio n (e x clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u str y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e s tu d ie s , b e s id e s r a ilr o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n str u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g fe w e r th an a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er of w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n ish in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . 2 W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d fo r e a c h of th e b r o a d in d u str y d iv is io n s . O cc u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d ata a r e sh ow n fo r fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i. e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o rk a r e g u la r w e e k ly sc h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c la s s if ic a t io n . E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p ay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . N o n p r o d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f - liv in g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h ere w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r te d , a s fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to th e w o rk s c h e d u le s (rounded to th e n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w h ic h s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e p aid ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s fo r th e s e o c c u p a tio n s h a v e b e e n rou n d ed to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . T h e se s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e of th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su r v e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia te * T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B ureau* s r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ic a g o , 111. , by W oodrow C . L in n , u n der the d ir e c tio n o f G eo r g e E . V o ta v a , R e g io n a l W age and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. 1 D ata fo r D e c e m b e r 1955 a r e a v a ila b le in B u ll. 1 1 8 8 -8 , O cc u p a tio n a l W age S u r v e y , M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l, M in n . , fo r sc h e d u le d h o u r s; sh ift d if fe r e n tia ls ; m in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te fo r w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s ; h o lid a y and v a c a tio n p a y p r o v is io n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s. 2 S ee ta b le 1 fo r m in im u m -s iz e e sta b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d . T a b le 1: In d u s try A ll d iv is io n s . .... E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e ot s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r d iv is io n h iin im u m s iz e e s t a b lis h m ent in s c o p e o f s tu d y 2 _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 W h o le s a le t r a d e .. ____ R e t a il tr a d e F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , S e rv ic e s 6 an d r e a l esta te O cc u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a te s r e p r e s e n t th e to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e sc o p e of th e stu d y and not th e n u m b er a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l str u c tu r e a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , th e e s t im a te s of o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in ed fr o m th e s a m p le of e s t a b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te th e r e la tiv e im p o r ta n c e o f th e jo b s stu d ie d . T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l str u c tu r e do not m a te r ia lly a f fe c t th e a c c u r a c y of th e e a r n in g s d a ta . s t u d i e d in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l, M in n . , 1 b y m a jo r in d u s t r y d iv is i o n , N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s W it h in scope of stu d y Decem ber 1 9 55 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s W it h in s c o p e o f stu d y S t u d ie d S t u d ie d T o ta l 3 O ffic e P la n t T o tal 3 51 950 234 2 2 7 ,3 0 0 4 6 ,6 0 0 1 4 0 ,9 0 0 1 3 8 ,9 5 0 51 51 395 55 5 86 148 1 1 3 ,2 0 0 1 1 4 ,1 0 0 1 6 ,2 0 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 7 7 ,2 0 0 6 3 ,7 0 0 6 9 ,4 8 0 6 9 ,4 7 0 51 51 51 51 51 65 127 197 86 80 23 37 40 2 5 ,8 0 0 1 7 ,1 0 0 4 2 ,1 0 0 1 8 ,4 0 0 1 0 ,7 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 1 3 ,3 0 0 1 6 ,4 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 3 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 2 0 ,3 1 0 8 ,2 0 0 2 5 ,8 9 0 1 1 ,9 7 0 3, 100 29 19 5 ( 7) ( 7) T h e M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l M e t r o p o lit a n A r e a (A n o k a , D a k o ta , H e n n e p in , a n d R a m s e y C o u n t ie s ). T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t io n o f th e s iz e a n d c o m p o s i t io n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d m th e s u r v e y . The e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t i n t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c co om m p pa a rr ii s so on n w w ii tt h h o o tt h he e rr a a rr e ea a e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s to m e a su re e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r le v e ls s in c e ( l ) p la n n i n g o f w a g e su rveys r e q u i r e s th ' e u s e o f‘ e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y p e r i o d s t u d ie d a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b li s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . and I n c lu d e s a l l e s t a b li s h m e n t s w it h to t a l e m p lo y m e n t a t o r m o t i o n -p ic t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . 4 5 7 above th e m in im u m -s iz e In c lu d e s e x e c u tiv e , te c h n ic a l, p r o fe s s io n a l, an d o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d A l s o e x c l u d e s t a x i c a b s , a n d s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . E s t i m a t e r e l a t e s to r e a l e s t a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o n l y . fro m th e lim it a tio n . se p a ra te o ffic e A ll and o u t le t s p la n t (w it h in th e area) of com pani in su ch in d u s t rie s as trad e, fin a n c e , a u to re p a ir s e rv ic e , c a t e g o rie s . S t e l S ’ JP e r S O n f l s e r v i c e s » b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s ; r a d i o b r o a d c a s t i n g a n d t e l e v i s i o n ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g i n e e r i n g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s T h i s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in t h e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a l t h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f d a t a (i) 2 Wage TreadsJar Sjeleclexl Oxcugalional Groups T he ta b le b e lo w p r e s e n ts in d e x e s of s a la r ie s of o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s of s e le c te d p lan t w o r k e r g r o u p s. F o r o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , th e in d e x e s r e la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s fo r n o r m a l h o u rs of v/ork , th at is , th e sta n d a r d w ork sc h e d u le fo r w h ich s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e p aid . F o r plant w o r k e r g r o u p s, th e y m e a su r e c h a n g es in s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s, e x clu d in g p r e m iu m pay for o v e r tim e and for w ork on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . T he in d e x e s a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c te d k e y o c c u p a tio n s and in c lu d e m o st of the n u m e r ic a lly im p o rta n t jo b s w ith in e a ch grou p . T he o ffic e c le r ic a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 job s: B ille r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A and B; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a to r s; c le r k s , f ile , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; k e y -p u n c h o p e r a to r s; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e r s, g e n e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a to r s; sw itc h b o a rd o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ; ta b u la tin g m a c h in e o p e r a to r s; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . T he in d u str ia l n u r se data a r e b a sed on w om en in d u str ia l n u r s e s . M en in th e fo llo w in g 10 sk ille d m a in te n a n ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the plan t w o r k e r data: S k ille d — c a r p e n te r s; e le c t r ic ia n s; m a c h in ists; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e ; m illw r ig h ts; p a in ter s; p ip e fitte r s; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s; and to o l and d ie m a k e r s; u n sk ille d — ja n i to r s , p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h an dling; and w a tch m en . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s or a v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s w e r e com p u ted fo r e a ch of th e s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s. T he a v e r a g e s a la r ie s or h o u rly e a r n in g s w e r e th en m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e of N o v e m b e r 1952 and N o v e m b e r 1953 T a b le 2: .e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e se w e ig h te d e a r n in g s fo r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n s w e r e th en to ta le d to ob tain an a g g r e g a te fo r e a ch o ccu p a tio n a l grou p . F in a lly th e ra tio of th e s e group a g g r e g a te s fo r a g iv en y e a r to th e a g g r e g a te fo r the b a se p e r io d (su r v e y m on th , w in te r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 ) w a s com p u ted and the r e su lt m u ltip lie d by the b a se y e a r in d ex (lO O )to get th e in d ex fo r th e g iv en y e a r . T he in d e x e s m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c ts of ( l ) g e n e r a l sa la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it or o th e r in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in th e sa m e job; and (3) c h a n g es in th e la b o r fo r c e su ch a s la b o r tu r n o v e r , fo r c e e x p a n sio n s, fo r c e r e d u c tio n s, and c h a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n of w o r k e r s e m p lo y ed by e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay l e v e ls . C h a n g es in th e la b o r fo r c e can c a u se in c r e a s e s or d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ith ou t a c tu a l w age c h a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e e x p a n sio n m ig h t in c r e a s e the p r o p o rtio n of lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a drop in th e a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a red u c tio n in the p r o p o rtio n of lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ou ld have th e o p p o site e ffe c t. T he m o v e m en t of a h ig h p ayin g e sta b lish m e n t out of an a r e a cou ld c a u se th e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s to d rop , e v en thou gh no ch an ge in r a te s o c c u r r e d in o th er a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . The u se of c o n sta n t e m p lo y m en t w e ig h ts e lim in a te s th e e ffe c ts of c h a n g e s in th e p r o p o rtio n of w o r k e r s r e p r e se n te d in e a ch job in clu d ed in the d a ta . N or a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c ed by c h a n g es in stan d ard w ork sc h e d u le s or in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e , sin c e th e y a r e b a se d on pay fo r str a ig h ttim e h o u r s. In d e x es fo r the p e r io d 1953 to 1956 for w o r k e r s in 15 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e ts a p p ea re d in B L S B u ll. 1188, W ages and R e la ted B e n e fits , 17 N abor M a r k e ts, 1 9 5 5 -5 6 . In de x e s of st a n d a rd w e e k l y s a l a r i e s and s t r a i g h t - t u n e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f or s e le c t e d oc c up a tio n a l g r o u p s in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , Mi n n . , D e c e m b e r 1955 and M a r c h 1957, and p e r c e n t s of i n c r e a s e fo r se le c t e d p e r i o d s Indexes ( N o v e m b e r 1952=100) In du st ry and occ up a tio n a l g ro u p M a r c h 1957 A i l i n d u s tr ie s : Of f ic e c l e r i c a l ( w o m e n ) In d u st ri a l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) S ki ll ed ma in te na n c e (m e n ) U n s k i l l e d plant (m e n ) M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f ic e c l e r i c a l ( w o m e n ) In d u st ri a l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) Sk ill ed ma in te na n c e (m e n ) U n s k i l l e d plant (m e n ) _______ _______ D e c e m b e r 1955 P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s f r o m ---D e c e m b e r 1955 to M a r c h 1957 121.3 124.4 121.7 125. 1 114. 1 118.1 115.5 117.1 6. 3 119.3 123.4 119.7 121.7 113.3 117.2 113.9 115.5 5. 3 5. 3 5. 1 5 .4 5. 3 5. 3 6.8 N o v e m b e r 1954 to D e c e m b e r 1955 N o v e m b e r 1953 to N o v e m b e r 1954 N o v e m b e r 1952 to N o v e m b e r 1953 3.8 3 .4 4 .9 4 .9 3. 3 4. 3 3.3 4.9, 6 .3 9.4 3 .4 3.6 5.0 1 .4 4 .8 2.0 5. 4 4 .2 N o v e m b e r 1951 to N o v e m b e r 1952 N o v em b er l9 5 l to M a r c h 1957 6.7 5.8 7.9 6 .4 8.1 29. 5 31.7 31.3 35.2 5.8 9 .4 6.7 5.8 9.1 5.8 9 .4 7.2 30. 1 30.6 31.0 30.5 6.6 A: Occupational Earnings 3 Table A-l: Office Occupations (A v e ra g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M i n n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 7 ) N U M B E R OF WORKERS RE CE IVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR NING S OF— A verage Sex, o c c u p a t io n , Number of workers a n d in d u s t ry d iv is io n Weekly j hours (Standard) Weekly j earnings (Standard) Under 4 0 . 00 4 0 . 00 and under 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 and over M en C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , M a n u fa c tu rin g c l a s s A ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________________________________ C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________ ________________________________ C l e r k s , o r d e r ______________________________________________________ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________ ___________________________________ O ffic e hoys ... ... . ......................... .. .. _ _ _ _ 7 30 58 - - - - 4 3 " 19 11 10 22 36 15 _ _ 30 10 20 47 27 20 107 41 39. 5 6 5 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 6 4 . 50 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 15 8 1 .0 0 8 0 . 00 29 1 28 28 40. 0 276 362 126 39. 5 40. 0 328 117 39. 5 40. 0 21 1 448 121 32 7 255 $ 8 4 . 50 8 2 .0 0 8 6 . 50 8 0 . 50 638 39. 5 8 2 . 00 8 4 . 00 - - - - 10 1 - - 9 39 45 ---------5 ~ 32 17 15 3 98 124 80 75 57 30 24 46 52 25 63 61 23 29 51 19 38 5 6 24 1 10 1 10 - 19 1 9 10 29 44 31 14 - - - 43 13 30 32 13 19 9 1 8 _ _ _ _ - _ - 5 5 - - - - - - - “ - - - - 29 5 24 23 41 14 27 47 8 105 74 18 51 l6 35 23 24 14 6 4 7 4 3 - 3 - “ - 3 3 4 2 2 2 - 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - - - 2 1 - - " - - 54 15 27 13 14 61 33 28 2 1 1 _ . 3 3 - - 13 21 66 - - - - - - 5 2 3 - - * - _ 64 18 46 61 41 10 31 11 19 42 2 - 1 - 8 - 2 1 1 8 48 5 43 1 7 37 14 14 1 10 45 45 6 15 59 59 10 21 19 19 1 9 14 29 4 8 5 5 13 13 29 29 23 23 8 8 11 11 2 2 _ 2 8 19 36 17 43 M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ ____________________ 188 51 137 39. 5 40. 0 4 8 . 50 4 7 .0 0 39. 5 4 9 . 50 - T a b u i a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s __________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________ __________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ F i n a n c e ______________________________________________________ 39 2 142 250 177 39 . 5 40. 0 3 9 .0 38 . 5 7 4 . 00 7 7 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 _ - B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) ___________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ _____ ________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________________ 204 192 41 64 39. 39. 40. 40. 5 5 0 0 5 5 . 50 5 5 . 00 6 3 .0 0 5 1 .5 0 - B - i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) _________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ 101 101 39. 5 39. 5 5 8 . 50 5 8 . 50 _ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , 148 39. 0 6 6 . 50 _ 5 5 . 50 6 6 . 50 5 3 . 50 5 7 . 00 5 7 .5 0 5 0 . 50 _ - 7 1 . 50 . . 7 1 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 - - 55. 58. 55. 60. 3 - - " 9 6 6 2 9 39 37 22 — 12 7 5 5 - 3 1 2 39 27 19 86 66 _ _ - - 4 - - 4 61 33 28 36 11 25 16 13 12 6 12 12 10 4 4 4 _ _ . . _ - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ " " - - - 1 1 3 3 6 6 - _ _ - 22 1 . _ - _ - - - 8 5 3 - _ _ _ . _ _ - 13 5 8 8 _ - - - - - 55 rs 39 21 56 48 22 10 10 7 12 2 10 4 •- 2 2 - - " " - - W om en c l a s s A _________________ 923 B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ _ ________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------- -------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________ _________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e __ ____________________________________ ________ F in a n c e ______________________________________________________ 657 150 121 35 7 C le r k s , 598 a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A _________________ _______________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * _____________________________________ ______________ C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ________________________ ______ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ __________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________________________ __________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________________________ R e t a il tra d e ___________________________________________________ S e e fo o tn o te a t e n d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , and re a l e sta te . 266 39. 40. 39. 39. 40. 5 0 5 5 0 39. 0 86 39. 5 40. 0 512 119 39. 5 38. 5 1 ,9 5 6 352 1, 6 0 4 378 21 3 441 39. 39. 39. 40. 40. 40. 5 5 5 0 0 0 50 00 00 50 5 6 .5 0 5 3 . 00 _ - 3 2 174 78 78 7 5 66 225 84 141 68 1 159 4 I ; 29 126 209 42 167 33 21 94 ! 1— i _ 21 - 55 --------6 i i 21 6 49 6 433 81 345 77 268 63 60 58 15 - - 101 5 96 - 53 2 56 476 70 44 121 16 56 36 35 2 78 32 107 19 47 9 5 1 1 1 - - 110 55 55 25 25 5 66 43 23 6 2 14 40 17 23 7 12 2 3 114 129 14 115 33 123 36 34 34 31 13 110 17 11 25 15 6 28 9 6 28 104 31 73 40 17 14 35 12 23 17 - 26 26 26 - 24 90 29 225 70 155 26 25 43 143 19 124 58 19 32 a n d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . _ - " - _ - - - - - - ~ 15 - - 1 - 5 1 - 26 1 15 - 1 - - 3 3 " 4 ■ _ ~ “ “ 8 8 8 _ 1 1 - _ - - - - - - - - - - - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rv e y , c o m m u n ic a t io n , _ - - M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M i n n . , M a r c h 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s 4 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (A v e ra g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M i n n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 7 ) A verage Sex, o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t ry d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly (Standard) N U M B E R OF W ORKERS R E C EIV IN G STR AIG HT-TIM E W E E K LY EA R NIN G S OF— Under Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 0 . 00 and under 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 50 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 $ 9 0 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 - - 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 $ 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 - $ 1 0 5 .0 0 - 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 - 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 - 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 and over W o m e n - C o n t in u e d C le r k s , file , c la s s A M a n u fa c tu rin g .. ____ ____ _ . _ . .. _ _ ............ C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ 182 88 94 39. 5 $ 5 8 . 50 5 6 . 50 6 0 . 50 1, 34 7 3 9 .5 4 7 . 50 17 32 7 1, 0 2 0 63 164 170 3 9 .5 4 8 . 00 4 7 .5 0 5 0 . 50 5 2 . 50 4 7 .0 0 4 6 . 50 5 495 C l e r k s , o r d e r __________________________________________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ ............ _ . .. ... _ .... .. _ __________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________________________________ C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________ ____________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g .. _ _ _ _ 268 73 195 109 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 40. 40. 40. 5 0 0 0 39. 0 _ 4 8 484 494 175 113 371 14 103 58 117 32 64 188 39 1 19 26 72 222 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (m im e o g r a p h o r d i t t o ) ________________________________ _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ 91 53 40. 0 40. 0 K e y - p u n c h o p e r a t o r s _______________ ________________________________ .... .............. _ ... . M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______ __________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * _____________________________________________________ 827 234 593 39. 5 40. 0 O f f i c e g i r l s _____________________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ F in a n c e * * _________________________________________________ 373 7 <■> 297 180 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 I 7 3 2 91 53 38 3 7 14 125 104 73 31 5 3 5 52 25 27 183 54 126 37 45 20 129 65 30 89 64 14 98 31 67 28 14 19 26 17 7 9 11 2 6 3 - - - 3 86 - 5 9 . 50 6 l . 00 5 9 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 1 .0 0 - 3 32 54 7 4 24 6 3 . 00 6 3 . 00 6 3 . 50 6 4 . 50 7 1 .0 0 6 0 . 50 39. 5 40. 0 3 8 45 11 34 7 2 14 36 1 2 25 4 54 23 - 39. 5 39. 5 19 16 _ _ _ _ _ . . - - _ _ _ - - . . _ _ . - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 12 15 9 11 9 3 3 - - - - - - - - " - " - " - “ - " " " 44 13 4 5 5 2 3 - _ _ - 2 2 1 1 - 9 2 7 19 1 18 1 6 11 - 15 29 6 13 - - - - - - - - - 7 7 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - “ ~ - 9 12 2 12 3 50 4 46 3 41 - - 14 14 - - 12 115 15 100 10 38 5 6 .5 0 5 7 . 00 - 9 -------- 5 26 16 18 5 3 14 6 3 3 9 3 3 3 - 4 4 - 9 _ _ 55 133 56 77 16 36 11 6 5 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 29 8 25 13 12 4 - 1 1 - - - - - - - 5 0 . 50 175 55 120 16 73 47 18 39. 0 23 7 35 202 18 136 143 39. 5 40. 0 5 4 . 50 5 7 .5 0 5 3 .5 0 5 7 . 00 9 - - " - - - - - " " 39. 0 3 9 .5 4 5 . 00 4 6 . 00 4 4 . 50 128 45 83 27 5 5 1 4 3 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - " " “ " “ “ " 390 224 166 14 43 31 296 157 213 75 138 10 45 26 90 56 34 14 8 88 36 44 44 3 14 7 3 22 14 7 60 54 9 20 39. 0 39. 5 2, 206 1, 0 0 5 1, 20 1 156 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 269 217 39. 5 40. 0 376 3 9 .0 4 3 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 7 3 . 50 7 1 . 00 7 4 . 00 7 3 . 50 6 9 . 00 7 2 . 00 - 2 53 50 11 - 195 23 11 4 172 126 - See footnote at end of table. * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities ** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. - 49 8 8 2 1 187 33" 154 50 36 79 46 7 8 27 4 1 1 _ 1 10 51 5 34 2 10 4 - 2 2 29 11 18 33 16 17 5 4 9 . 50 3 - 112 41 71 11 11 29 18 11 60 27 33 21 32 32 _ 42 8 23 42 ---------6 36 24 36 36 39. 5 40. 0 12 50 10 3i 27 - 845 202 643 240 204 46 28 18 5 7 . 50 C om p to m e te r o p e ra to rs ________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________________________________ R e t a il tr a d e _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 12 24 18 6 6 2 . 00 5 5 . 50 40. 0 40. 0 F in a n c e * * 1 2 39. 5 589 29 3 29 6 48 66 102 S e c r e t a r i e s __________________________________ _______________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e __________________________________________________ 3 _ 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________________________________ R e t a il tr a d e _________________________________________________ 69 328 _ 22 1 49 94 5 24 61 -------55 11 6 4 165 56 321 142 109 22 18 15 179 32 30 43 487 195 292 12 61 68 8 37 57 84 139 11 38 21 41 3 1 3 " 23 13 10 4 4 - ' " ' 7 1 6 3 9 7 9 4 3 2 2 - 5 3 - - 3 - 2 3 5 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (A v e ra g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M i n n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 7 ) Average Sex, o c c u p a t io n , Number of workers a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n N U M B E R OF W ORKERS R E C EIV IN G STR AIG HT-TIM E W E E K L Y EA R NIN G S OF— Weekly Weekly Under hours 1 earnings 1 (Standard) (Standard) 4 0 . 00 $ 4 0 . 00 and under 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 50 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 *9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 60. 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 170 546 162 38 4 57 50 3 255 248 37 315 ro s 117 100 31 72 14 26 209 63 69 37 46 25 TTH 6 5 69 45 87 60 38 44 31 - 17 _ 19 _ 1 _ 10 12 2 56 24 32 11 6 11 49 18 31 18 21 10 11 6 _ 9 - 39 54 16 106 55 51 20 45 15 30 00 $ $ 1 2 0 .0 0 and over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ____________________________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __________________________ ____________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________________________________ F in a n c e ** ..... .... . ........................................ 2 ,4 0 7 299 24 1 39. 5 40. 0 459 39. 0 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s . .. ____ _ ................... M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _____________________________________________ 383 105 278 40. 5 40. 0 4 1 .0 40. 0 R e t a il tr a d e __________ ___________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ........ . ............. ............. . _ ................... S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s M a n u fa c tu rin g .. _ _ . ... .... ... . ...... ..... 912 1 ,4 9 5 306 42 62 52 564 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 38. 5 39. 5 39. 5 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________________________________ 189 375 104 T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________________________ 162 122 80 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ____ ________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ 716 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ________________ ______ _______________________________ 196 520 172 189 T y p i s t s , c l a s s A ________________________ ^_____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________________________ 714 37 3 341 108 T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ______________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________________________ 2, 5 8 3 8?T8 1, 7 1 5 96 332 152 804 39. 0 39. 5 39. 0 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 39. 39. 39. 40. 5 5 5 0 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 _ 6 0 . 50 6 1 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 6 . 00 - 6 4 . 00 5 7 . 00 5 7 . 00 19 19 - 42 128 11 8 309 35 45 54 49 71 89 129 74 71 19 55 2 7 49 4 11 1 16 32 70 5 - 9 - 5 - 9 - 69 1 68 - 6 0 . 00 - 2 6 15 5 5 . 50 20 - 87 25 160 45 93 62 - 23 23 7 29 115 16 1 1 1 10 10 10 11 11 11 17 14 8 20 14 41 33 25 17 9 21 5 8 . 50 “6 2 . 5 0 5 7 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 5 3 . 00 5 7 . 50 5 4 . 50 5 5 . 50 6 2 .5 0 T o7 5 F ~ ~ 5 8 . 00 1 20 7 21 6 22 5 6 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 .. 33 - 21 12 3 102 28 74 17 252 56 196 52 133 35 5 6 .0 0 5 7 . 00 98 50 116 35 81 24 9 54 52 28 22 3 3 - 99 28 71 28 255 131 124 57 182 133 1155 318 83 7 8 73 73 407 618 31 6 302 22 70 273 103 170 34 66 19 182 49 5 5 . 00 5 6 . 00 5 6 . 00 5 6 .0 0 5 3 . 00 5 0 . 50 5 2 . 00 4 9 .5 0 5 8 . 50 5 4 . 00 4 7 . 00 4 8 . 50 _ - - 3 3 - 3 294 25 26 9 43 48 147 1 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . * * F in a n c e , in su ra n c e , and re a l esta te . 53 9 230 49 16 9 9 10 4 46 71 30 9 9 1 - 9 9 _ 2 2 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - " 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 - - - - 3 - 5 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - " “ - - 16 8 6 9 7 3 10 5 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 9 9 3 3 _ - " _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - " - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “ - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 100 52 48 4 48 24 24 16 2 14 7 7 - - 108 103 65 38 18 18 - 29 - _ 27 4 16 - - - 2 7 - 4 4 s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . _ - - 1 2 - - 20 4 3 - - 20 - 4 3 _ " - 8 4 10 46 3 7 2 2 _ _ 3 52 17 39 6 4 22 8 14 4 35 19 11 69 4 4 4 _ _ _ - " 6 T a b le A - 2 : P ro fe s s io n a l a n d T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a tio n s (A v e ra g e straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an a re a b asis in M in n eapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , by industry division, M arch 1957) A verage Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division NU M B E R OF WORKERS R E CE IVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR NING S OF— $ Weekly (Standard) Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) Under 50.00 50.00 and under 55.00 $ 55.00 $ $ 60.00 65.00 70.00 1$ ; 75.00 $ 80.00 $ 85.00 $ 90.00 $ $ 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 6 0 . QQ 65.00 70.00 75.00 i 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 $ $ $ 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 $ $ 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 $ $ 125.00 130.00 and 125.00 130.00 over 1 Men I $ D raftsm en, senior __________________________________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___ 570 492 78 D raftsm en, junior _ __ __ ____ Manufacturing ________________________________________ T ra c e rs Manufacturing _ . . . __ .. 40.0 101.50 101.50 1 0 0 .0 0 519 480 39.5 39.5 77.00 76.00 “ 165 134 40.0 40.0 63.00 58.50 225 25 122 98 40.0 40.0 79.00 79.00 40.0 " ''3 9 7 5 - ; - - “ - - " 12 12 1 13 7 6 11 10 1 43 34 9 47 46 1 94 77 17 - ” 55----- “ 41 33 1 10 10 84 84 111 109 59 59 67 56 63 62 16 11 29 27 51 51 24 24 2 2 15 8 13 1 4 " 7 0 1 10 10 3 8 8 24 1$ 39 31 17 14 20 17 ------ 8----- 61 6 _ 80 — 7 28 ■“ 23---- . “ 78 3 41 27 14 7 3 4 3 . _ “ T5 — 27 9 46 44 2 . . — rs— 9 6 3 — ~ _ - 1 19 —FT ~ ir j — . _ “ " . _ _ “ Women N u rs e s , industrial (re g iste re d ) Manufacturing 1 2 __________________________ 10 1 1 . . Standard hours reflect the w orkw eek for which em ployees receive their re g u la r straight-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings correspon d to these weekly hours. W o rk ers w ere distributed as follow s: 19 at $40 to $45; 6 at $45 to $50. Occupational W age Survey, M inneapolis-St. P au l, Minn. , M arch 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of L ab o r Statistics 7 T a b le A -3: M a in te n a n c e a n d P o w e rp la n t O c c u p a tio n s (A v erage hourly earnings fo r men in selected occupations studied on an a re a b asis in M inneapolis-St. Pau l, Minn. , by industry division, M arch 1957) N U M B E R OF WORKEBS R E CE IVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E H OURLY E AR NING S OF— Occupation and industry division Number of Average hourly earnings 1 Under $ 1.60 C arpen ters, maintenance _ .. .. Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing 224 119 105 $ 2. 58 2. 56 2 .61 E lectrician s, maintenance _______________________ M anufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 373 293 80 2 .6 6 2.62 2. 78 - E n gin eers, s ta tio n a ry ____________________________ Manufacturing ........ .... _ ......... Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ 522 _ - 256 2.43 2.42 2.43 Firem en , stationary b o i l e r __________________ „ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing .. ___ ... . . 421 219 202 2 . 18 2 .2 1 2. 15 H elpers, trades, maintenance M anufacturing ... 404 317 M achine-tool operators, toolroom _ M anufacturing .............. ............. . M achinists, maintenance Manufacturing . . . . . $ 1 . 60 and under 1. 70 _ _ - - $ $ 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.90 . $ 1.90 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 26 16 10 28 13 15 . $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2.40 $ $ 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 9 3 6 42 41 1 2 2 ~ 9 4 5 2.40 $ 2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 3. 10 $ 3.20 3.20 and over $ 2.90 3. 00 - 5 4 1 1 1 82 31 51 4 3 1 2 . 80 3. 10 16 2 14 - - - 2 2 5 5 - 44 40 4 17 13 4 57 48 9 65 65 - 39 39 - 24 14 10 42 15 27 12 3 9 4 2 2 59 47 12 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 27 19 8 21 13 8 36 17 19 77 61 16 78 24 54 125 28 97 67 57 10 25 5 20 10 5 5 8 6 2 27 26 1 _ - _ - 18 5 13 14 6 8 23 16 7 46 23 23 46 30 16 40 14 26 39 29 10 79 20 59 33 28 5 33 17 16 30 30 _ - 5 5 " 31 31 - _ - _ - . - - 20 20 20 20 15 15 17 16 75 74 39 32 87 49 11 0 87 4 4 16 " 1 “ _ _ _ _ _ " " 2. 32 2. 32 _ _ _ _ _ - 12 12 19 19 55 55 22 22 23 23 2 2 _ “ 455 439 2. 58 2. 57 _ _ " - 3 3 15 15 16 16 26 25 31 30 198 "198----- 54 53 55 54 45 40 3 3 M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ... Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________________ Public u tilitie s* ___________________________ 800 70 730 612 2. 37 2.39 2. 37 2. 33 _ - _ - _ - 92 1 91 82 50 5 45 34 473 22 451 4 34 54 21 33 28 41 13 28 28 76 76 " - " 7 6 1 1 2 2 - " 1 1 1 _ - " _ - - Mechanics, maintenance M anufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ 560 365 195 2. 32 2. 31 2. 32 6 6 4 4 9 9 25 15 10 29 21 8 51 39 12 45 39 6 78 44 34 88 69 19 63 53 10 92 -----26 5 2 3 48 1 47 14 14 2 2 - M illw righ ts _______ ______________________________ M anufacturing _ _______________________________ 234 231 2. 51 2.51 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 44 44 95 95 30 30 23 21 1 1 _ " 14 14 _ " 6 5 - " O ile rs ____________ Manufacturing 132 132 2.07 2. 07 _ 3 3 3 3 78 78 10 10 18 18 4 4 2 2 _ 6 6 _ - 7 7 1 1 _ - Pain ters, m ain ten an ce_________ _____________ M anufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 197 87 1 10 2. 63 2.60 2 . 66 - _ - 1 1 _ - 7 7 7 3 4 15 10 5 15 7 8 29 19 10 8 7 1 3 3 - 111 37 74 1 1 - - - - - - - - " P ipefitters, maintenance _________________________ M anufacturing __________________________________ 170 153 2.65 2.64 - - - - - - - 6 ------g------ 42 42 46 46 7 2 14 14 9 ~ 39 36 - - 5 5 - - 2 2 - - Sheet-m etal w o rk e rs, maintenance ____________ Manufacturing . _ _ _ _ . ___ _ 61 60 2.60 2 . 60 _ 3 3 15 14 1.8 18 _ 2 2 _ - 20 20 _ - 1 1 _ - 657 657 2. 65 2.65 11 11 44 44 45 45 70 70 104 104 87 87 120 12 0 29 29 147 147 _ _ _ - " - ___ Tool and die m akers M a n u fa c tu rin g __ ... . ................. ... ..... ... _ ........ __________________________ . .... ... . _______ ^__________________ _ - - - _ " 2 2 2. 05 2 . 01 197 197 2M - - • _ . - _ _ _ _ ~ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ 1------ :— 1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. _ - 2 2 - _ 64 — u — - _ _ _ - " " _ _ - “ _ _ " - 9 2 _ _ _ - _ - 4 4 4 1 1 _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ " 21 21 - - _ _ _ ' - - " _ Occupational W age Survey, M inneapolis-St. Pau l, Minn. , M a rc h 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of L a b o r Statistics 8 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a nd M a te ria l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s (Av erage hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an are a b a sis m M inneapolis-St. Pau l, M in n ., by industry division, M arch 1957) N U M B E R OF WORKEBS R E CE IVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E H OURLY E AR NING S OF— Number of workers O ccupation1 and industry division Average hourly earnings Under $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 and under 1 . 10 58 55 $ 1.42 1.40 303 295 1.34 1.33 9 9 571 4&3 108 1.93 1.97 1.75 - W holesale trade Retail trade __________________________________ Finance * * ___________________________________ 2,518 1,060 1,458 272 70 571 354 1.57 1 .68 1.50 1.85 1 .61 1.38 1.52 - " Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (wom en) ______ Manufacturing ..... . .. Nonmanufar.turing .. ............... _. 797 224 573 1 .36 1.54 1.29 21 61 19 42 5,053 2,015 3,038 1 ,0 9 2 1,024 1.94 1.89 1.98 2. 17 1.97 59 1 58 _ 2,278 — 4n r 1,848 1, 184 574 1.87 1.87 1.87 2 .00 1 .60 Elevator o p erato rs, p assen ger (m en) __________ E levator op erators, p assen ger (women) Guards _ , _ Manufacturing ... ___ _ Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (men) _________ Manufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing .. . ____ L a b o r e r s , m aterial handling M anufacturing .. .. _ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities * ... _ W holesale trade __ O rd er fille r s M anufacturing ....... . ................ . . __ _ ... Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade Retail trade P a c k e rs, shipping (m en) Manufacturing Non-manufacturing W holesale trade ... . __ ........ . 865 361 504 424 1.89 1 .8 6 1.91 1 .9 6 334 187 147 1.41 " 1.48' 1.32 Receiving clerk s ___________________________________ Manufacturingo Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade . _ Retail trade ___________________________________ 403 233 170 78 81 2 .02 2 .0 8 1.93 2.06 1.85 Shipping clerk s ___________________________________ _ Manufacturing Nonman ufacturing W holesale trade 357 199 158 107 2.07 2.06 2.09 2.08 Shipping and receiving clerk s Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ W holesale trade 240 141 99 67 2.03 2.05 2 .01 2 .0 6 _ _____ P a c k e rs, shipping (wom en) ____________________ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing ....... .. . ... ... _ See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, * * Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. $ 1 . 10 1.2Q 44 44 32 32 - - $ 1 .20 —.JL-1Q__ $ 1.30 $ 1.40 1.40 1.50 $ 1.50 $ 1 .60 1.70 1 .60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 1.80 1.90 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2.30 2. 30 2.40 $ 2.40 2.50 28 28 22 22 3 3 11 11 26 26 162 5 1 4 2 2 1 1 7 7 . _ TE2 11 5 11 3 47 47 48 36 12 109 87 22 105 64 41 97 91 6 98 98 63 27 36 33 3 _ 63 30 33 16 3 14 54 45 9 _ _ 84 6 78 78 _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - - - 3 $ 2.50 2 .6 0 * , 2 .6 0 and over 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 26 ----- Z5— — 11 rr~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 5 11 179 26 153 4 33 69 213 72 141 9 7 64 54 331 147 184 21 9 112 42 543 258 285 58 4 62 151 341 252 89 31 12 24 20 173 143 30 12 18 _ - 156 32 124 8 7 25 18 - - - 9 - 32 7 25 142 8 134 324 4 320 42 3l 11 50 40 10 92 89 3 25 22 3 5 4 1 3 _ _ 3 - - - - - - - 29 41 72 145 116 29 556 455 91 539 259 280 _ 24 4 20 20 7 73 199 734 237 497 322 158 692 4 688 687 _ 1206 189 1017 _ 559 _ 72 _ 7 91 51 40 8 133 133 41 _ 7 80 39 41 7 14 39 29 _ 43 32 11 _ 37 3 34 99 35 17 - - 99 35 17 34 99 35 13 176 119 57 36 19 817 82 735 635 39 536 20 516 307 209 185 10 175 174 1 7 ------- 5— 1 109 81 44 89 27 ------ E T ~ ------- 53 17 36 17 14 9 9 3 12 46 46 109 4 5 8 5 5 4 5 8 11 2 9 35 28 7 63 59 4 34 25 9 91 72 19 7 464 75 389 361 105 85 20 20 35 5 30 30 29 5 24 33 17 16 27 13 14 49 105 83 22 14 10 4 21 4 4 2 3 49 46 34 12 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 13 _ _ 13 9 1 8 26 12 14 61 36 25 _ _ - - - - 1 - 8 8 14 20 _ _ - _ - . - - 12 10 2 2 - - - - - - 2 31 15 16 14 64 64 _ _ 40 21 66 20 46 _ _ 32 109 - _ • - 188 2 186 2 7 156 - _ 570 4g~5~ 85 48 6 1 1 1 _ _ and other public u tilities. _ _ _ _ _ 39 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 - - - - - - 72 44 28 16 11 52 17 35 31 4 93 49 44 29 15 57 8 8 7 7 4 4 _ - - - - 47 42 5 54 30 24 18 58 34 24 19 126 45 81 60 23 17 6 6 24 8 16 4 7 7 2 2 4 4 16 9 7 38 34 4 1 57 38 19 11 61 19 42 34 14 10 4 4 8 8 7 4 3 3 _ 2 2 T\ _ _ _ 6$ 2 2 Occupational W age Survey, M inneapolis-St. P au l, Minn. , M arch 1957 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of L ab o r Statistics _ 4 4 - 9 T a b le A - 4 : C u s to d ia l a n d M a te ria l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (A v erage hourly earnings for Selected occupations studied on an a rea basis in M in n eap o lis-S t. Pau l, M in n ., by industry division, M arch 1957) N U M B E R OF WORKEES R E CE IVIN G S TRAIGH T-TIM E H OURLY E AR NING S OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers Average hourly 2 earnings T ru ck d rivers 3 ______________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________ ___ Public utilities * __________________________ _ W holesale trade __________________________ _ Retail trade . 3, 525 525 3,000 1,894 604 499 2 . 18 2.18 2.18 2 .2 1 2. 14 2 .1 2 T ru c k d riv e rs, light (under IV 2 tons) _______ Manufacturing ____________________________ _ 991 144 2.19 2 .£ 6 T ru ck d riv ers, medium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) _ . Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing __________________________ Public utilities * _______________________ W holesale trade _______________________ _ 1,508 291 1,217 718 366 T ru ck d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) ________ ________________________ _ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ W holesale trade _ _ _ Retail trade _____________________________ Under $ 1 .0 0 - $ 1 .00 and under 1 .1 0 - $ $ $ $ 1 . 10 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 $ 1.50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.70 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 - 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 - 5 5 5 - 3 2 1 1 - - - - - _ 1 2 1.80 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 1.90 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 .2 0 2.30 2.40 2.50 2 .6 0 $ $ 50 1 49 30 19 53 42 11 3 8 43 42 1 1 - - 17 17 4 12 5 1 11 22 - - - - - 23 12 - 2 2 - 6 6 - 28 1 27 27 30 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - 2 L 16 2.14 2 .1 6 2.19 2.13 - - - - .. - - - - - 641 608 133 154 2 .20 2 .2 0 2.19 2.17 - - - - - - - T ru c k d riv e rs, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________________ __ 178 132 2 .2 0 2 .2 0 T ru ck ers, power (fork lift) ________________________ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 529 250 269 2 .0 6 1.95 2 . 16 T ru ck ers, power (other than forklift) Manufacturing __________________________________ 197 177 Watchmen Manufacturing _________________________________ _ Nonmanufacturing ____ ........... _ Public utilities * _ 299 132 167 41 - - - - - 342 80 262 1 142 118 940 169 771 192 335 243 1868 39 1829 1648 127 54 71 29 42 6 36 109 100 9 9 15 15 - 6 6 - - - 6 5 64 11 179 42 568 2 28 81 72 - - 32 32 - 208 52 156 86 536 -------8 6 450 169 236 610 34 576 520 44 13 11 2 2 - 27 20 4 16 197 18 3 66 96 398 397 63 34 - - - 5 - - - - - 8 -------- g—■ 8 - - 6 - - - - 22 -------- 5 — - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - 37 ----- 33 25 1 94 94 . . - 4 4 _ - 15 15 6 6 32 32 82 82 - " - 221 76 145 _ - 2 2 - 80 4 76 . - “ 48 11 37 2 2 - 37 26 11 - ~ _ _ 7 7 21 21 31 31 56 54 26 8 5 5 51 51 _ _ _ _ - - - 60 ------2& 34 59 39 20 32 11 21 17 7 3 4 4 36 29 7 - 4 4 - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - 1.99 1 .98 _ _ _ _ * - - " - 1.64 1.75 1.56 1.75 _ - 26 3 3 29 10 19 16 1 15 23 4 19 8 4 4 5 21 Data lim ited to men w o rk e rs, except where otherwise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes a ll d riv e rs re g a rd le s s of size and type of truck operated. Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. - 28 15 -----25---- -------T5— - 2 9 _ 1 — 1 2 3 * ** $ 2 .6 0 and over _ - 10 Appendix: Job Descriptions The prim a ry purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its fie ld staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations w orkers who are em ployed under a v a rie ty of payroll titles and differen t w ork arrangem ents from establishment to establishment and from area to a rea. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of thi', emphasis on inter establishment and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau*s job descriptions may d iffer s ig n ifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau*s field represen tatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing su pervisors, apprentices, lea rn ers, beginners, tra in ees, handicapped w orkers, p art-tim e, tem p orary, and probationary w ork ers. Office B IL L E R , MACHINE BO O K KEEPING -M AC H INE O PE R ATO R - Continued P rep a res statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typ ew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or p erfo rm other c le r ic a l w ork in cidental to billing operations. F or wage study purposes, b ille rs , machine, are cla ssified by type o f machine, as follow s: Class A - Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fa m ilia rity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the w ork. May prepare consolidated re p orts, balance sheets, and other records by hand. B ille r , machine (billin g machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott F ish er, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare b ills and invoices from customers* purchase o rd ers, internally prepared ord ers, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n ecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are autom atically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a la rge number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B - Keeps a record o f one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing de scribed under b ille r, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ven tory control, etc. May check or assi.it in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B ille r , machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott F ish er, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receiva b le operation. G enerally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* led ger record . The machine autom atically accumulates figures on a number of v e rtic a l columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BO O K KEEPING -M AC H INE O PE R ATO R Operates a bookkeeping machine (Rem ington Rand, E lliott F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record o f business transactions. C LE R K , ACCO UNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish m e n ts business transactions. W ork involves posting and balancing subsidiary led ger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or a c counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requ ires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in prep?ring, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. C lass B - Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; recon cilin g bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general led gers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in which the m ore routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several w orkers. 11 CLERK, F IL E Class A - Responsible fo r maintaining an established filin g system . C la ssifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m a terial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filin g and locating m aterial in the file s . May perform incidental c le r ic a l duties. Class B - P erfo rm s routine filin g, usually of m a terial that has already been cla ssified , or locates or assists in locating m a teria l in the file s . May p erform incidental c le ric a l duties. C LE RK, ORDER R eceives custom ers' o rders fo r m a terial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to resp ective de partments to be filled . May check with cred it department to d e te r mine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been fille d , keep file of orders received , and check shipping invoices with original o rd e rs . CLE RK, K E Y -PU N C H O PE R A TO R Under general supervision and with no su pervisory respon si b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical key-punch machine, follow ing w ritten inform ation on record s. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps file s of punch cards. May v e r ify own w ork or w ork of others. O FFIC E BOY OR G IR L P erfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating m inor o ffice machines such as sealers or m a ilers, opening and distributing m ail, and other m inor c le ric a l work. S E C R E TA R Y P erfo rm s sec re ta ria l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a superior in an adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments fo r superior; receivin g people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or co n fi dential m ail, and w ritin g routine correspondence on own initiative; talking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded inform ation reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda fo r inform ation of superior. PAYRO LL STENO G RAPH ER, G E N E R A L Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w o rk ers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as w ork er's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paym aster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w rite r. May also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and keep files in o rd er, keep sim ple record s, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). C O M PTO M E TE R O PE R ATO R STENO G RAPH ER, P rim a ry duty is to operate a Com ptom eter to perform m athe m atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to tran scribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and keep files in ord er, keep sim ple record s, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work. TE C H N IC A L D U PLIC A TIN G -M AC H IN E O PE R ATO R (M IM EO G RAPH OR D IT TO ) SWITCHBOARD O PE R A T O R Under general supervision and with no su pervisory respon sib ilities, reproduces m ultiple copies of typewritten or handwritten m atter, using a mim eograph or ditto machine. Makes n ecessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. M ay keep file of used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted m aterial. Operates a sin gle- or m u ltiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essages. M ay give in fo r mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone o rd ers. F or w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard opera torreceptionist. 12 TRAN SC RIB ING -M AC H INE O PE R A TO R , G EN ERAL - Continued SWITCHBOARD O PE R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T tion type This time In addition to perform in g duties of operator, on a single p o si or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and m ay also or p erfo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork as part of regular duties. typing or c le r ic a l w ork may take the m ajor part of this worker *s while at switchboard. T A B U LA T IN G -M A C H IN E O PER ATO R Operates machine that autom atically analyzes and translates inform ation punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tran s lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does sim ple w iring of plugboards according to established practice or diagram s; places cards to be tabulated in feed m agazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. M ay, in addition, operate au xiliary machines. included. A w orker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IS T Uses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calculations have been made by another person. M ay do c le r ic a l work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple record s, filin g records and reports, or sorting and d is tributing incoming m ail. Class A - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing m aterial in final form from ve ry rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or co rrected copy in which there is a frequent and va ried use of technical and unusual words or from foreign language copy; combining m aterial from severa l sources, or planning layout of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form letters , varying details to suit circum stances. TR AN SC RIB ING -M AC H INE O PE R A T O R , G E N E R A L P rim a ry duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine record s. May also type from w ritten copy and do sim ple c le r ic a l work. W orkers tran scribing dictation involving a va ried technical or specialized vocabu la ry such as legal b riefs or reports on scientific research are not P r o f e s s i o nal D R A FTSM A N , JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p r e pare drawings from sim ple plans or sketches, or p erfo rm other duties under direction of a draftsman. D RAFTSM AN , LEAD ER Plans and directs activities of one or m ore draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim in ary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and w ritten or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing m ore difficult problem s. May assist subordinates during Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing from re la tive ly clea r or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance p o licies, etc. ; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly. and T e chni c a 1 D RA FTSM A N , LEADER - Continued em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a su pervisory or adm inistrative nature. D RAFTSM AN , SENIOR Prep a res working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and trusses; verifyin g completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as arch itectu ral, e le c tric a l, mechanical, or structural drafting. 13 NURSE. INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. Maintenance TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering. a d Powerplant CARPENTER, M AINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY Perform s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrig e ra tion, or air conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, mo tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one""engineer are excluded" ELECTRICIAN, M AINTENANCE Perform s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy*in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. H ELPER, TRADES, M AINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools} and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e basis. 14 MACHINE-TOOL, OPERATOR, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, M AINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig b orers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling' machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the *o rk of a maintenance* mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, M AINTENANCE M ILLW RIGHT Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning ana laying out of work; using a va riety of machinist*8 handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal part8 to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist*s work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Install8 new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed r e ducers. In general, the m illwright^ work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AUTO M O TIVE (M AINTEN ANC E) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. P A IN T E R , M AINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brufh. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 15 PIPEFITTE R , M AINTENANCE S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M AINTENANCE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo l lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stockft and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers prim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. and laying out ail types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLUM BER , M AINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship Or equivalent training and experience. S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M AINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning Custodial and (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi cations; using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes. „ In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded training in machine -shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F or cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Perform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLE A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 16 LABORER, MATERIAL. HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AN D RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (Order*picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers ^ o rd e rs, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w are houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and custom ers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AN D RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is r e sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and p re paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1V2 tons) \A /g » 4 A V I including ■ lln IT-,- - T i g »V «i0 / Truckdriver, medium.a (lVa to and 4* tons) Truckdriver, heavy over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) W ATCHM AN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fire , theft, and illegal entry. ft U- S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 957 O — 431024 Bulletins in This Series Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1956 and early 1957. Bulletins for the following areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., or from any of the regional sales offices listed below. As additional bulletins become available, they will be listed in subsequent issues. Labor Market Survey Period Seattle, Wash. Buffalo, N. Y. Cleveland, Ohio Boston, Mass. Dallas, Tex. Kansas City, Mo. Philadelphia, Pa. San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. Pittsburgh, Pa. Birmingham, Ala. Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. August 1956 September 1956 October 1956 September 1956 October 1956 December 1956 November 1956 January 1957 December 1956 January 1957 March 1957 BLS Bulletin Number 1202-1 1202-2 1202-3 1202-4 1202-5 1202-6 1202-7 1202-8 1202-9 1202-10 1202-11 Price 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 Regional Sales Offices U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor S tatistics 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor S tatistics 50 Seventh Street, N. E . Atlanta 23, Ga. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor S tatistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N. Y. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor S tatistics 630 Sansome Street San F ran cisco 11, Calif. cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents