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Occupational Wage Survey DENVER, C O LO R A D O D EC EM B ER 1955 B L S B u lle tin No. 1 1 8 8 -6 UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R James P. Mitchell, Secretary BU REA U Ew an OF LA BO R STA TISTICS C la g u e , Commissioner O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y DENVER, CO LO RADO DECEMBER 1955 Bulletin No. UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF 1188-6 LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BU REA U Ew an OF LA BO R STA TISTIC S C la g u e , Com m issioner M a r c h 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Contents Page Introduction---- ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ---------W a g e trends for selected occupational g r o u p s ---- — ------------------- ----------------------------- - 1 3 Tables: 1: 2: Establishments and w o r k e r s within scope of s u r v e y ------- --------------------- ----------Indexes of standard wee k l y salaries for office clerical a n d a v e r a g e straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent of increase for selected periods ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------- 2 3 Occupational earnings * A-l: Office occupations ------------- — ------- ----A-2: Professional and technical occupations — ---- * A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occupations ---A-4: Custodial and m a t e r i a l - m o v e m e n t occupations B: Establishment practices and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e provisions * B-l: Shift differential provisions ----------------------------- -------------------------- --B-2: M i n i m u m entrance rates for W o m e n office w o r k e r s ----------------------------------B-3: Scheduled w e e k l y hours --------- ------------------- — ------------------------- -— --- 11 12 13 B-5: B-6: 14 16 Job descriptions------------------------------------------------------------------------- -— * N O T E : Similar tabulations for m o s t of these items are available in the D e n v e r area reports for N o v e m b e r 1949, January 1951, N o v e m b e r 1951, N o v e m b e r 1952, D e c e m b e r 1953, and D e c e m ber 1954. T h e 1953 report also provides tabulations of w a g e structure characteristics, laborm a n a g e m e n t agreements, and overtime p a y provisions. T h e 1954 report also includes data on frequ e n cy of w a g e payments, and p a y provisions for holidays falling on n o n w o r k d a y s . A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other m a j o r areas, is available u p o n request. C u r r e n t reports on occupational earnings an d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e practices in the D e n v e r area are also available for m a c h i n e r y industries ( D e c e m b e r 1955), p o w e r laundries and d r y cleaners (June 1955), a n d office building service (June 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local transit operating employees, and m o t o r t r u c k drivers. in oo 0s Appendix: Paid vacations ------------------------------------------------------------------------Health, insurance, and pension plans — ---------------------------- ------------------- m A: 17 Occupational W a g e Survey - Denver, Colo. * In tr o d u c tio n T h e D e n v e r a r e a is on e o f s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h th e D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ’ s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h as c o n d u c t e d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e fit s o n a n a r e a w id e b a s i s . In e a c h a r e a , data a r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d a g e n ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o l e s a l e tr a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s r a i l r o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s a n d the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d a l s o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s s t u d ie d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . *1 W h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a t e t a b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s . O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f th e stu d y and n ot the n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d fr o m the s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s as th ey r e la t e to o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u s e d in th is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s a ll o f f i c e c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s and e x c lu d e s a d m i n is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l . ^ P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in c lu d in g le a d m e n an d t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u t iliz e d as a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a fe t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , but a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r ie s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , and to in s u r e p r o m p t p u b li c a t io n o f r e s u l t s . T o ob ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y a t m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s t u d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e la t in g to a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g r o u p in g an d a r e a , 2 e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s i z e s t u d ie d . S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l data (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d b oth in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 3 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to t a l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , an d (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d on th e b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d on th e s p e c i f i e d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n '.'o th e r " w a s u s e d . O c c u p a t io n s an d E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c t u r in g an d n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l is h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e jo b ( s e e a p p e n d ix f o r lis t i n g o f th e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s ) . E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O f f ic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l ; (c ) m a in t e n a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t ; an d (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t . M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n t s v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s . S c h e d u le d h o u r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the b a s is that th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to *a l l p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d i v id u a l it e m s in th e s e ta b u la tio n s d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y eq u a l t o t a ls . D a ta a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , bu t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s is lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g in f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y t im e o ff w ith p a y is g ra n te d a t the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d 3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g a p o l i c y if it m e t e it h e r o f th e f o llo w in g c o n d it io n s : ( l ) O p e r a te d la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) h ad f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r in g la te s h ift s . 4 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c t io n o f ta b le B - 3 ) a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w ork ers. * T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in S an F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . , b y W illia m P . O 'C o n n o r , u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f Joh n L . D a n a , R e g io n a l W a g e and In d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s A n a ly s t . 1 S e e t a b le 1 f o r m i n i m u m - s i z e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d . 2 T h e ta b u la tio n o f m in im u m e n tr a n c e r a t e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e l a t e s o n ly to p r o v i s i o n s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d . and S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v is io n s 1 2 according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week1 s pay* Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen1s compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,5 plans are included only if the employer (l) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided according to (l) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefit. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Med ical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by commercial in surance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be selfinsured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. 5 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Denver, Colo.,1 by major industry division, December 1955 Minimum Number of establishments Workers in establishments size establish Industry division Within Within scope of study ment scope of Studied in scope of study Total 3 Office Plant study 2 19,400 60,300 95,400 51 464 139 A ll divisions -------------------------------------------------------3,900 26, 300 46 34,600 51 152 Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------34,000 15,500 60,800 51 93 312 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------Transportation (excluding railroads), 5,000 18 18,600 9, 700 51 37 communication, and other public utilities 4 ------15 8, 500 51 73 Wholesale trade -----------------------------------------------(5) (5) 16,800 2, 600 21,800 35 51 112 Retail trade ----------------------------------------------------12 5,900 51 42 Finance, insurance, and real estate -----------------(5) (?) 6,000 13 51 48 Services6---------------------------------------------------------(5) (5) Studied Total3 58,990 21,860 37, 130 15,660 2, 530 14,080 2,490 2,370 1 The Denver Metropolitan Area (Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, and Jefferson Counties). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. 5 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 6 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Tabulated below are indexes of salaries of women office cleri cal workers, and of average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, the indexes measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. Eighteen jobs were included in the office clerical index; 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker indexes. See footnotes to table 2. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average of November 1952 and December 1953 employment in the job. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then added to obtain an aggre gate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. The indexes measure principally the effects of (l) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay re ceived by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) labor turnover or force expansion or reduction. A force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occu pation and result in a drop in the index, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The indexes are also affected by shifts in the proportion of workers em ployed by establishments with different pay levels. For example, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the index to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the index. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Indexes for the period 1952 to 1955 for workers in 17 major labor markets, appeared in BLS Bull. 1172, Wages and Related Benefits, 17 Labor Markets, 1954-55. Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2 in Denver, Colo. , December 1954 and December 1955, and percent of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent increases from— (November 1952 = 100) December 1953 November 1952 November 1951 November 1951 December 1954 Industry and occupational group December December to to to to to 1954 1955 December 1955 December 1954 December 1953 November 1952 December 1955 A ll industries: 22.2 7. 8 5. 7 108. 8 113.3 4.2 2.9 Office clerical (women) -----------------------------------28. 9 6. 6 4. 5 8. 1 7.0 113. 0 Skilled maintenance (m en)----------------------- --------120.9 32. 3 8. 0 5. 7 8.4 6.9 114.2 Unskilled plant (men) ---------------------------------------123. 8 Manufacturing: 20. 0 3. 0 5. 8 3. 8 6. 1 116. 5 Office clerical (women) -----------------------------------109. 8 30. 5 9.2 8. 8 6. 6 3. 1 112. 5 120. 0 Skilled maintenance (men) --------------------------------27. 8 12.4 3. 0 5. 8 4. 3 124. 1 Unskilled plant (men) ---------------------------------------118.9 1 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operator-receptionists Tabulating-machine operators http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Transcribing-machine operators, general Typists, class A and B Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2 Based on data for the following jobs: Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics, automotive Millwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen A : O ccu p a tio n a l 5 E a rn in gs Table A -l: O ffice O ccupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings 1 fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b asis in D en ver, C o lo . , by industry d iv isio n , D e ce m b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) $ 3 0 . 00 $ 9 5 . 00 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ $ 1 0 5 . 00 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 00 and 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 .0 0 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 . 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5 . 00 7 0 .0 0 7 5 . 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 .0 0 32 15 17 20 2 18 49 19 30 48 21 27 34 15 19 19 2 17 - 1 1 9 - 8 8 - _ _ - - - 8 1 7 9 6 3 2 2 2 $ 9 0 . 00 and under 3 5 .0 0 11 5. 00 over M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A --------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------- 217 78 139 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 >P 7 5 . 00 7 4 . 50 7 5 .0 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s B ----------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------- 79 59 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 C l e r k s , o r d e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------- 190 54 136 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------- _ - - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - 4 2 2 6 4 . 00 6 4 . 50 _ - _ - - - 20 13 22 l£ 22 17 - - 6 3 1 - - - 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 8 . 00 7 3 . 50 6 6 . 00 - _ - - - 10 - - - 10 44 11 33 8 5 3 49 15 34 28 - 31 1 30 61 36 25 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 6 9 .0 0 6 9 . 50 69. 00 - _ - _ - _ - 3 6 - - - 3 6 22 17 5 10 5 5 - - 7 3 4 2 2 - 9 9 - 2 O ff ic e b o y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------- 125 1 10 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 6 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 6 6 5 5 61 49 15 15 22 21 8 7 8 7 - - - - T a b u la t in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- 89 28 61 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 70. 5 0 7 1. 50 7 0 .0 0 - - - 8 3 - - - - - 8 3 4 1 3 12 5 7 12 5 7 14 7 7 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h i n e ) --------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------------- 137 116 55 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 54. 50 5 4 . 50 5 2. 50 _ - _ - 45 34 20 16 13 12 2 - _ - 5 24 20 7 - - 30 27 14 16 - 9 8 7 - - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h i n e ) ---------------------------- 28 40. 5 5 5 .0 0 _ _ _ 9 2 9 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 14 "5 9 21 12 9 - - 12 4 8 2 2 - 9 2 7 _ - 4 3 1 _ - - . - 2 2 90 8 82 5 20 58 19 39 1 6 33 15 18 10 1 7 1 6 3 3 - - - - 2 127 2 1 25 4 10 9 9 - - 60 2 58 4 2 - - - _ - - - 4 - 54 54 18 36 17 13 23 12 22 12 14 2 11 4 - - 3 8 8 - 10 - 31 6 25 10 10 _ 68 106 24 82 17 18 46 23 23 3 19 3 3 8 11 - 7 - 1 2 " 13 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - _ - _ - 1 1 - - - _ _ _ _ - " - - 1 1 _ - _ - - _ - - " - - - - - _ - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - “ - - 12 6 6 15 4 11 7 2 - _ - i t 16 9 _ - - - - - . - 7 2 - - - - - - _ - - - _ - - - _ - . - - - - - _ _ W om en B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- 62 28 34 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 6 5 . 50 6 6 . 50 6 4 . 50 B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ----------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i li t ie s * ---------------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 386 56 330 27 44 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 1 .0 5 1 .5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A --------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g — ----------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ---------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 216 56 160 46 54 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 40. 5 6 3 . 50 6 9 .0 0 62. 00 66. 50 5 6 .5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s B ----------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i li t ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 546 113 433 69 108 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 5 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- 76 3 9 .5 3*: 5 65 60.00 5 0 .0 0 5 6 . 50 5 2 .0 0 - 5 2 .5 0 - 9 9 2 5 3 .0 0 5 2 .5 0 _ _ 56.50 - - 4 54 4 25 2 81 13 68 13 103 28 75 4 16 108 14 94 19 25 22 18 16 16 11 11 17 14 16 2 66 9 12 8 4 9 4 3 4 - " - " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - “ - - - - - - - . - - _ - _ - - - - - _ - _ - 1 1 3 - - - _ - - - - - - - - - i See footn ote at end o f tab le. * T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x c lu d in g 377942 0 - 5 6 - 2 O ccupational Wage S urvey, D enver, C olo. , D ecem b er 1955 r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R B u reau of Labor S ta tis tic s 6 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (A verage s tra ig h t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings 1 fo r s e le c te d occupations studied on an area b asis in D en ver, C o lo ., by industry d ivisio n , D ecem b er 1955) Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) W o m e n - C on tin u e d NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 3 0 . 00 Weekly and earnings (Standard) u n d e r 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 40„ 00 45„ 00 50. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 00 l o o . 00 f 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 50. 00 55. 00 $60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 $75. 00 8 0 .0 0 and 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 . 00 C l e r k s , f i l e , c la s s B ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il tr a d e ------------------------------------------------------------------ 402 29 3 73 76 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 <fc «P 4 5 .5 0 5 1 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 4 7 . 50 7 7 - 33 2 31 7 177 177 15 109 12 97 27 48 7 41 15 18 3 15 9 8 5 3 3 1 1 - 1 1 " - . - C l e r k s , o r d e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------- ------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------- 152 47 105 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 52 . 50 54. 00 5 1 .5 0 _ - - 24 24 30 14 16 27 5 22 41 24 17 30 4 26 _ - - _ - _ - C l e r k s , p a y r o l l -----------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 244 106 138 55 33 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 5 4 0 .0 40. 5 59. 00 6 0 .5 0 57. 50 5 9 .0 0 53. 50 - - 41 10 31 9 12 41 17 24 10 6 58 "24 34 16 5 33 17 16 6 8 51 33 18 6 - 9 4 5 5 - 5 5 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 1 - C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 389 65 324 127 39 . 5 4 0 .0 39 . 5 40. 0 5 4 .0 0 58 . 50 53 . 00 52. 50 _ - 1 1 - 18 1 17 8 115 11 104 41 111 10 101 47 52 21 31 6 54 6 48 18 16 6 10 6 20 8 12 1 2 2 - K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------- 228 44 184 65 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 56. 50 6 0 .5 0 55. 50 60. 00 . - 12 12 - 18 18 1 23 23 8 58 6 52 18 30 14 16 5 41 lS 23 9 21 4 17 10 14 2 12 12 O ffic e g i r l s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------- 105 86 40. 0 40. 0 4 3 .0 0 4 i . 50 2 2 16 16 58 45 19 16 6 4 3 3 1 - _ S e c r e t a r ie s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 733 191 542 147 62 3 9 .5 40. 0 39 . 5 4 0 .0 40. 0 70. 73. 69 . 78. 62. 50 50 50 00 00 _ - _ - _ - - - - 8 8 2 32 32 12 75 15 60 4 12 125 26 99 15 16 59. 50 6 1 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 5 6 . 50 _ - 6 6 _ - - 113 19 94 21 21 164 30 134 28 10 66. 00 _ _ _ _ 50. 50 ”6 17 56 4 8 . 00 4 7 .0 0 _ - S te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n ic a l ------------------------------------------------------ 951 231 720 194 102 32 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il tr a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 184 ------- 3 6 148 55 4 2 .0 40. 0 42. 5 4 0 .5 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ---------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 266 6l 185 29 47 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 1 .5 53 . 00 52 7 6 6 “ 5 3 .5 0 56 . 50 5 0 . 50 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- -— 42 30 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 67. 50 _ 65756"" 21 21 9 54 54 13 32 22 - 6 6 - - - 26 13 13 7 68 15 53 4 16 - _ - See footnote at end of table. * T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. 26 3 23 4 2 _ 35 3 _ _ - . - 105.00 110. 00 115. 00 _ - over - _ ~ _ - _ - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - 3 1 2 - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - " - _ - 11 11 2 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ _ _ - - _ _ > - - - - - - - - - - - 166 40 126 25 7 90 31 59 17 7 91 28 63 26 4 50 17 33 25 1 48 19 29 10 1 29 11 18 10 - 3 2 1 1 - 7 2 5 5 - 8 8 8 - 1 1 1 - - 244 106 160 34 5T ~ — 63“ r 106 72 191 47 34 37 26 31 9 76 50 16 2 53 10 43 6 1 3 2 1 1 - - - - - _ - _ - - " - 11 _ - - - - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 20 ------- 3 " 12 1 5 9 _ _ - - - 2 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - - _ - - 4 2 2 - 15 11 3 2 7 5 2 1 - - - - _ _ 55 58 — 2 6 “ — n> 40 32 7 13 8 12 27 9 18 3 - 20 1 19 2 _ 9 ------- T ~ 26 - - 14 7 7 3 5 ------- 5 “ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 - 22 12 10 3 14 4 10 4 9 0 . 00 - 7 T a b l e A-1: O f f i c e O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t i n u e d (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in D e n v e r , C o l o . , b y in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1955) AvEBAQE NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 30.0 0 and Number of S ex, occu p ation , and ind u stry d iv isio n workers Weekly Weekly hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) 35.0 0 $ $ 35. 00 4 0.0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ $ $ 60.0 0 5 5.0 0 50. 00 $ 6 5.0 0 $ 70. 00 $ 75.0 0 $ $ $ $ 95.00 100.00 105. 00 110.00 115. 00 $ $ $ $ 85.0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105. 00 110.00 n 5. oo - - 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 and 4 0.0 0 5Q,QQ -5 5 ,0 0 45. 00 60. Q0 65.00 70.00 75.00 8 0 .0 0 _ _ - - o ve r W om en - Continued T ra n s crib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , gen era l -------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 152 31 121 3 9.5 40. 0 3 9.5 $ 5 5.0 0 "6 1 .5 6 53. 50 “ 1 1 - 12 12 29 2 27 46 2 44 30 6 24 11 4 7 15 13 8 3 2 5 - - - - " - T y p is ts , c la s s A -------------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u tilities * --------------------------------------------------------R e ta il t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------------- 378 45 333 87 60 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 55. 50 58. 00 5 5 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 _ " _ - 12 12 10 2 60 3 57 11 16 116 12 104 34 17 74 11 63 13 3 85 13 72 9 19 27 5 22 7 3 4 1 3 3 - _ - - - - _ - _ - - - T y p is ts , c la s s B -------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u tilities * ---------------------------------------------------------R e ta il tr a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------- 585 139 446 33 93 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 8 . 50 5 2 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 53. 00 4 8 .0 0 6 6 “ 38 3 35 14 134 4 130 4 23 172 37 135 5 23 141 47 94 ‘ " 11 18 64 39 25 11 3 20 9 11 2 6 6 6 6 4 4 - ~ - “ - _ _ “ _ - - _ ■ “ _ - _ _ - - - - _ _ - - - - - - _ - _ » - - ■ * - 1 H o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r ie s and th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is in D e n v e r , C o l o . , by in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1955) Avebaqe S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ s s l $ $ $ Weekly Weekly U n d er 55. 00 6 0 .0 0 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 00 100. 00 105t 00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135,00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) $ and nd er 55. 00 u 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 90 . 00 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105 .00 110 .00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 o v e r $ $ M en 1 D r a ft s m e n , le a d e r ----------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------- 88 26 4 0 .0 40. 0 $ 1 2 9 .5 0 1 0 4 .0 0 - D r a ft s m e n , s e n i o r ------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------- 335 106 229 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 1 0 4 .0 0 “ 0 0 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 - 1 1 - 9 3 6 6 6 - 29 - D r a ft s m e n , j u n i o r --------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------- 155 45 110 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 84. 50 09 . 50 9 0 .5 0 6 5 1 6 5 1 16 13 3 20 5 15 34 4 0 .0 7 2 .0 0 3 1 5 5 - - ~ - - 10 10 - 3 _ “ " 3 56 14 42 18 9 9 9 2 7 16 6 10 2 2 9 2 2 - “ _ “ 32 _ _ - 10 10 * “ 2 2 15 7 8 2 1 1 23 11 12 4 4 - 6 6 - 12 6 6 12 15 . 15 26 9 15 15 6 _ 1 _ _ 3 . _ “ - 46 60 6 54 15 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 26 - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 55 9 15 _ 21 — r 15 - 10 - 17 6 _ _ 17 6 _ _ _ - - - - s _ . . . 1 . 10 . 13 2 _ 6 - 8 - _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ W om en N u r s e s , i n d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) --------------- 1 . H o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r ie s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rvey, D enver, U .S . C o lo . , D ecem ber D E P A R T M E N T B u reau OF of Labor 1955 L A B O R S ta tis tic s 8 Table A-3: Maintenance apd Powerplant Occupations (A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 fo r in D e n v e r , m en C o lo ., by in s e le c te d in d u s tr y o c c u p a tio n s d iv is io n , s tu d ie d D ecem ber on a n a r e a b a sis 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Average hourly earnings $ 1. 10 % 1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 ~ - - - ~ “ ~ - “ 1 1 - - “ ~ - _ 7 7 11 9 2 $ 1 .0 0 and u n d er 1. 10 C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e _______________________ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g ____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________ _ 100 54 46 $ 2 „ 28 2 .2 7 2 .3 0 E l e c t r ic i a n s , m a in te n a n c e .................... ..... M a n u fa c tu r in g ____________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ . _ ... . 140 f0 7 -----33 2 .2 5 2 .2 3 2 .2 9 - - ~ ” E n g in e e r s , s ta tio n a r y . M a n u fa ctu rin g N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g 192 140 52 2 .1 1 2 .2 0 1 .8 6 - - - 110 ----- 68-----42 1 .6 9 1 .9 3 1 .3 1 4 4 - . . F ir e m e n , s t a tio n a r y b o i l e r M a n u fa ctu rin g _ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ......... . ... ... .............. - - - “ ■ M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa ctu rin g . .. . _ 182 T66 2 .1 8 2 . 17 ~ _ . . 50 33 2 . 14 2 .2 1 107 ~T66 2 .2 8 2 .2 9 64 2 .3 2 2 .3 2 p r e m iu m p a y fo r (e x c lu d in g o v e r tim e r a ilr o a d s ), an d fo r w ork 27 25 2 13 12 1 30 28 2 5 4 1 13 12 1 - 8 8 ~ 10 10 26 12 14 73 53 20 6 2 4 n li ~ 30 29 1 “ _ ■ “ 8 8 ' ~ - 1 1 - 5 3 2 “ ■ ■ 5 5 3 3 “ 3 18 ------- g - — T ~ 9 - 5 ~ “ - - " “ ■ ” “ ” 4 4 ~ ■ “ - “ ■ ~ an d o th e r h o lid a y s , p u b lic and la te u tilitie s . 8 9 -------- T -------g ~ 1 _ 3 3 19 14 5 - “ 5 5 3 3 " “ “ - 4 4 “ 15 14 1 15 15 ■ 11 11 - 4 4 - - - - - ■ " - - - - - - ~ “ ~ _ ~ - 1 1 " - - - - - - - - “ “ ~ “ “ “ “ “ 23 21 4 4 129 121 15 3 ■ 28 28 2 2 _ 2 2 " 37 37 37 33 10 23 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 - _ - _ - ■ 321 5 316 316 - ■ 130 18 112 112 13 l5 20 20 14 3 1 1 99 99 25 22 2 2 8 _ 3 2 12 3 2 8 6 5 5 5 5 2 2 7 7 2 1 5 5 74 74 5 5 j i 20 20 2 2 3 3 5 5 54 . 62 ■ . . ~ “ . on w e ek e n d s, c o m m u n ic a tio n , 35 20 15 “ 2 .2 3 2 .1 3 2 .2 4 2 .2 4 T r a n s p o r ta tio n 19 l6 3 - 532 40 492 467 E x c lu d e s 9 9 - M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) _ ........... ,,,, M a n u fa ctu rin g N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ...... ___ P u b lic u t i li t ie s * _____________________________ 1 11 11 - ~ * 33 6 27 “ “ 62 51 50 1 6 6 ■ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ “ 11 9 2 12 12 ~ " 7 7 ” 11 9 2 9 9 2 .2 5 2 .2 5 __ 5 5 - 211 189 P i p e f it t e r s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa ctu rin g . _ . 11 3 8 - M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa ctu rin g .................. 23 22 1 - “ _ 13 5 8 “ 1 .7 8 1 .7 8 1 .7 9 P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u f a c t u r in g __ 15 6 9 - 155 116 39 ___ 5 5 - H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa ctu rin g N o n m a n u fa ctu r ing ...... ...... . ..... .................„ , _ _ 4 3 1 s h ifts . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F S u rvey, D enver, “ “ . “ ■ 1 “ ■ . “ C o lo . , ■ ~ D ecem ber 1955 L A B O R B u reau of Labor S ta tis tic s 9 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movem ent Occupations (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s 2 s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is in D e n v e r , C o l o . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T - T I M E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F — Number of workers O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n ) N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ........ . _ R e ta il tr a d e _ _____ ___ _ _ G u ards M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ ... .............. _. __ J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ____________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g . ............................ . ........ ........ ... ............... . P u b lic u t ilit ie s * R e ta il tr a d e J a n ito rs, p o r te r s, and c le a n e r s (w om en) M anufacturing N onm anufacturing R eta il trade L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling __ . M anufacturing N onm anufacturing ... _ ___ _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * __ „ ...... R etail trade ___ . ........ O rd er fille r s M anufacturing N onm anufacturing _ R etail trad e _ __ P a c k e r s , shipping (m en) M anufacturing _ N onm anufacturing R eta il trade ... _ ._ . ... _ ......... . P a c k e r s , shipping (w om en) M anufacturing _. .......... R e ce iv in g c le r k s ............. M anufacturing N onm anufacturing R etail trade Shipping c le r k s M anufacturing N onm anufacturing . . . _ 96 92 44 $ 0 .9 9 .9 8 1 .0 9 146 10 4 42 ......... Shipping and re c e iv in g c le r k s _ M anufacturing ..... . N onm anufacturing ........ ... $ 0 .6 0 and u nder .7 0 $ 0 .7 0 $ 0 .8 0 $ 0 .9 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 1 . 30 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 .8 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 11 11 7 10 9 9 5 2 2 9 $ 9 3 3 - - - - _ - - - - _ _ - - 17 17 17 - - - - - - - - - - - “ - _ - _ - _ - 6 4 11 7 2 - - - - 38 38 10 10 47 47 _ - _ - _ - _ - . - . - ■ - " - 6 4 11 7 11 6 5 1 - 9 3 6 1 2 - - - - - - - ' 6 4 - - 142 65 77 52 2 - - " 4 4 . _ - . - _ _ - . _ 35 72 38 34 26 1 2 2 - 108 38 70 17 11 1 1 36 108 46 62 9 20 27 26 1 - 175 2 17 3 18 98 82 68 14 _ 130 39 91 1 59 38 38 4 54 2 52 73 73 6 50 6 44 4 - 20 8 20 - - - - 20 1 8 7 20 8 119 3 116 19 _ - 56 11 45 3 7 1 6 10 6 4 . - . - - " _ - - - - - - - 6 7 16 - _ _ 114 48 66 _ - - _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ 12 17 309 128 181 138 5 440 5 435 435 10 88 24 64 3 21 18 18 - 140 57 83 5 5 32 37 85 67 18 4 6 31 2 29 9 187 9 178 4 - 12 12 29 29 ' - 1 .7 5 1 .9 2 1 .3 3 _ - 1 ,0 7 6 444 632 127 271 1 .3 4 1 .5 3 1 .2 0 1 .4 4 1 .0 7 245 26 219 38 1 .1 9 1 .4 4 1 .1 6 1 .1 1 6 1 ,6 0 3 410 1 ,1 9 3 602 263 1 .7 1 1 .6 3 1 .7 4 1 .9 4 1 .5 6 816 2£! 553 148 1 .6 1 1 .7 4 1 .5 5 1 .4 0 _ - 255 158 97 30 103 65 1 .4 9 1 .5 8 1 .3 4 1 .2 3 1 .2 3 1 .2 5 1 .6 5 ' 1.86 “ 1 .5 5 1 .4 5 160 57 103 1 .6 9 1 .7 8 1 .6 4 133 93 40 1 .7 2 1.66 . - 6 197 60 137 68 .... ..... ._ Average hourly earnings - 7 - 6 7 - 16 _ - _ - 40 - _ - - . - _ - _ - . - _ . _ _ _ . - - - - - _ - . - _ - _ _ 6 - 6 - - _ - . 6 - " - - 16 29 11 18 It 55 - - - 40 40 32 26 37 4 13 13 6 2 12 29 19 10 7 36 31 2 28 ----- 5— 23 16 5 “ 18 33 29 9 63 8 55 27 28 12 2 6 - - - - - 2 2 18 14 9 9 6 2 _ _ 1 - - “ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 1 .8 4 44 14 30 6 69 12 12 - - See footnotes at end o f ta b le. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. 10 - 77 - - 1 13 4 9 3 11 9 1 2 — 4 r~ 3 11 11 1 1 - 1 1 _ - 23 19 21 6 16 4 2 3 - 2 2 - - 245 229 19 152 48 24 24 2 3 60 57 3 3 - - - - - - - 151 18 133 50 87 72 15 3 62 55 7 29 28 1 6 6 _ - _ - - _ - _ - - _ - 30 25 5 17 17 18 _ - - _ - _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ . 36 29 7 6 _ 16 - 37 9 28 1 - 29 13 16 11 _ - - 27 3 24 40 12 28 13 2 11 23 16 23 17 19 16 1 3 27 15 12 10 - 31 28 6 - 3 3 30 10 20 - 3 - 8 2 7 3 - 18 - . - _ . . 6 — _ u~ - - - 3 - - '3 - 2 9 - 1 1 . 4 1 - - 4 1 - 9 O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , 2 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - . - _ - - 3 3 _ 1 1 - - - - - D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movem ent Occupations - Continued (A vera g e hou rly earnings 1 fo r se le c te d occup ations 2 studied on an a rea basis in D en ver, C o lo . , by industry d ivisio n , D e ce m b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers hourly earnings $ 0 .6 0 and under .7 0 $ 0 .7 0 ■ .8 0 $ 0 .8 0 $ $ 0 .9 0 $ 1 .0 0 1.10 “ »9 0 — 1 .0 0 “ 1 .1 0 1.20 ■ ■ $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 “ 1 .3 0 “ 1 .4 0 ~ 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 ~ 2 .0 0 ~ 2 .L Q - 2 .2 0 1 ,5 7 8 ------ 4 4 2 1 , 136 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________ _____ _ 625 P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e _______________________________________ 179 $ 1 .8 1 1 .7 8 1 .8 2 1 .9 1 1 .7 8 T r u c k d r i v e r s , l i g h t ( u n d e r l l/z t o n s ) . _ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . . .. 379 96 283 1 .6 4 1 .6 2 1 .6 5 701 ------ 2 4 3 458 267 54 1 .8 2 1 .8 4 1 .8 1 1 .9 0 1 .7 7 T r u c k d riv e r s , h ea v y (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a i l e r t y p e ) _____________________________________ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * . __ _ _ . .. _ . 333 319 234 1 .9 7 1 .9 7 2 .0 2 - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T r u c k d riv e r s , h ea v y (o v e r 4 to n s, th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ... . .... _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * 12 6 76 43 1 .8 2 1 .8 6 1 .8 2 - - - _ _ T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo r k lift) M a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ ........... _________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------------------- _ 309 184 125 75 1 .8 1 1 .7 2 1 .9 4 2 .1 0 W a t c h m e n ________________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ................................. N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g R e ta il tra d e . 195 108 87 33 1 .3 4 1 .3 9 1 .2 8 1 .2 4 T r u c k d riv e r s 3 _ _ .. T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d i u m ( 1 V2 t o a n d i n c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) ... ... _ M a n u f a c t u r in g _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __ _ _ . R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________ - - - - - 73 6 67 81 21 60 134 5 129 12 5 7 28 28 _ . 4 4 _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 21 14 106 31 75 1P1 64 117 117 76 26 50 2 4 79 44 35 11 24 157 20 137 137 1 1 23 23 - 2 - _ - - - 50 50 50 63 62 8 9 8 _ 19 19 177 176 176 2 19 19 1 14 1 1 - - - - - - 1 “ 1 12 7 _ 6 9 9 _ 8 8 _ 23 8 15 - - - _ _ 2 _ _ - _ - 12 9 3 25 _ 2 25 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 6 18 - - - - - - _ _ _ 13 4 _ _ 5 _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ 1 _ ~ 24 - - “ 2 .7 0 ~ 25 25 - - l* 4 Q - 2_. 50 ,_ 2 . 6 0 201 2 199 183 - - 48 ------g— 40 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .4 0 177 20 1 57 1 38 3 - _ “ -2».3J?._. $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .3 0 149 104 45 13 24 - - $ 2 .2 0 180 42 138 12 82 10 8 2 - 2 .1 0 427 96 331 279 32 21 T8 3 _ - 113 32 81 216 77 139 6 1 _ - _ _ _ - 2 2 - - - - 2 -------- 2 T - _ 2 _ 2 2 _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ oth er - - - - _ _ _ _ - “ " " “ . 18 . 26 77 77 _ _ - 3 4 45 27 18 _ _ 50 29 21 4 18 3 _ 30 _ - 4 - “ " " “ ” “ ~ 26 26 24 2 1 8 4 4 7 14 11 3 3 17 10 7 _ _ _ 1 2 _ _ - . . . . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - ■ " ~ ■ ■ ■ ~ 1 _ 4 12 32 _ 1 4 1 17 2 15 2 28 24 4 3 _ ~ _ “ 1 11 8 ■ rr~ 15 3 - 62 35 32 - 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay for o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olid a ys, and late shifts. Data lim ited to m en w ork ers excep t w h ere oth erw ise indicated. 3 Includes all d r iv e r s re g a r d le s s o f size and type o f tru ck op era ted . * T ransportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. 7 - _ % $ 1 .2 0 TS 11 9 _ _ 7 3 _ 2 2 1 19 19 7 82 7 75 75 - - - - _ _ _ _ ■ - - . . . . _ _ _ - - - " ■ _ _ - - “ - “ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s — (a ) In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h ift w ork T o t a l __ ___________________ 8 1 .0 7 1 .6 _______________________ 8 1 .0 7 2 .6 _____________________________________________ W it h s h i ft p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l __________ _____ U n ifo r m c e n ts (p e r h o u r ) 5 cen ts _ _ _ 6 cen ts _ __ __ _ 7 c e n t s ___________________________________ _______________________ 7 1/?. c e n t s _ _ __ _ 8 cen ts __________________________________________________________ 9 cen ts ___________________________________________________________ 10 c e n t s 12 c e n t s _ I 2 V2 c e n t s ________________________________________________________ 1 3 V2 c e n t s ____________________________ ___________________________ 13% cen ts . 16 c e n t s ___________________________________________________________ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e T h ir d o r o t h e r s h i ft w o r k _______________________________________________ 10 p e r c e n t (b ) A c t u a lly w o r k in g o n — S e c o n d s h ift 1 2 .7 4 .0 7 1 .6 1 2 .7 4 .0 5 9 .8 1 2 .6 3 .9 _ 1 09 5 .7 1 4 .5 _ _ _ 1 1 .6 1 5 .4 5 .2 1 0 .2 _ - 3 .5 4 .4 .7 1 .6 .4 .7 .4 .9 - 1 2 .2 1 8 .4 3 .6 1 1 .6 7 .0 1 1 .6 .7 - T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift 2 .9 - .6 - - .6 - _ 2 .9 - .2 .3 .3 .2 - F u l l d a y ’ s p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s _______________________________ 2 .2 2 .0 - - O t h e r ____________________________ _________ _____________________________ 5 .6 9 .7 .2 . 1 - - - - N o s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l s h ifts t io n s : 1 S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f ( a ) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , a n d ( b ) w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n l a t e a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s u r v e y . A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v i n g a p o l i c y i f it m e t e i t h e r o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i ( 1 ) O p e r a t e d l a t e s h i f t s at t h e t i m e o f t h e s u r v e y , o r ( 2 ) h a d f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g l a t e s h i f t s . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 12 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m h i r i n g r a t e in — M in im u m r a t e (w e e k ly s a la r y ) B a s e d o n s ta n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f — A ll in d u s t r ie s A ll s c h e d u le s E s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d _______________________________________ 139 46 N u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m h i r i n g r a t e in — N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g M a n u f a c t u r in g 40 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 93 M a n u fa c t u r in g A ll s c h e d u le s XXX 139 F O R IN E X P E R IE N C E D T Y P IS T S E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m .. $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 .5 0 and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under over $ 3 5 .0 0 .... $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 ._ _ $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 _ $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 .5 0 ....................... B a s e d on s ta n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f — A ll in d u s t r ie s 40 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g 46 A ll s c h e d u le s 40 93 XXX 40 XXX F O R O T H E R IN E X P E R IE N C E D C L E R IC A L W O R K E R S 58 22 21 36 29 71 21 20 50 42 4 3 7 11 7 9 8 3 2 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 - _ _ 4 3 3 5 1 4 2 3 5 1 5 3 3 2 2 5 2 3 2 2 - _ 3 3 2 2 6 7 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 - 2 2 7 7 4 6 3 2 2 1 3 7 3 13 2 3 4 1 4 1 1 - - - - - 5 8 4 19 9 8 6 3 4 4 1 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m 37 13 XXX 24 XXX 37 13 XXX 24 XXX E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h d i d n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y 44 11 XXX 33 XXX 31 12 XXX 19 XXX 1 2 . . ................... . L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r i n g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , _ _ 3 3 3 7 4 14 6 5 4 1 4 1 - - 1 an d f o r th e m ost O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , com m on w ork w eek rep orted . D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 13 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S ^ E M P L O Y E D I N — P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — W e e k ly h o u r s All 2 industries 100 A ll w o r k e r s 3 7 l* lz h o u r s o r l e s s 3 O v e r 37 Vz a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s 40 h o u r s O v e r 40 an d u n d er 44 h o u r s 44 h o u r s O v e r 44 an d u n d e r 48 h o u r s 4 8 h o u r s ____ O v e r 48 h o u r s 1 100 1 00 5 93 - 97 18 72 _ t _ _ Finance t - t ' M anufacturing 10 0 3 Public u tilities* 100 100 8 - _ _ _ 87 _ 83 _ 70 5 _ t t t t 5 t - 4 3 9 t 3 7 5 4 t ~ ” ' R etail trade 77 t t t t AU 3 industries 100 t 6 _ R etail trade 100 8 82 ' 3 t * M an u facturin g P u b lic u tilities* _ 18 5 ' D a ta r e la t e t o w o m e n w o r k e r s o n ly . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . Table IU; Paid Holidays1 P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — Item A ll w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o lid a y s 3 h a lf h o lid a y s 5 h o lid a y s 6 h o lid a y s F u ll d a y s o n ly P lu s 1 h a lf d ay P lu s 2 h a lf d a y s 7 h o l i d a y s _______________________________________________________ 8 h o lid a y s _ 10 h o l i d a y s .... ... _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id h o lid a y s A ll industries 2 M an u facturin g P u blic utilities * R etail trade P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — Finance AU 3 industries M an u facturin g Public u tilities* R etail trade 100 100 100 10 0 100 10 0 100 100 99 100 100 98 91 96 93 91 - - t - - - - - t t t - - t 16 16 90 90 61 61 58 57 31 31 87 87 - - 48 43 5 76 50 24 t t - 22 29 13 11 41 43 t - - t - - 3 4 - - t t t - - 18 11 25 13 30 33 t - - - - - - t 9 4 7 9 1 E s t i m a t e s r e l a t e t o f u l l - d a y h o l i d a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a l ly , a s in e a r l i e r s t u d i e s . T h e s e a r e fu r th e r d iv id e d b e tw e e n w o r k e r s w h o r e d e i v e m e r e l y th e in d ic a te d n u m b e r o f f u ll - d a y h o lid a y s , t h o s e w h o r e c e i v e 1 o r m o r e h a l f h o l i d a y s in a d d i t i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , | L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , and D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1 95 5 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 14 Table B-5: Paid Vacations P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — V a c a tio n p o l ic y A ll industries . 1 M an u facturin g Pu blic utilities * R etail trade P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — Finance All 2 industries M an u facturin g Public utilities * R etail trade 100 10 0 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 99 99 100 100 98 96 t 100 96 4 100 100 “ 99 99 “ 99 97 t 10 0 97 3 “ t t “ " t t ~ ~ t 41 58 34 61 5 53 47 - 74 26 - 77 5 17 - 82 5 13 - 56 17 28 - 81 17 - ■ t ■ “ " 8 17 75 - 40 M ETHOD OF PAYM EN T W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d v a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ------------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t --------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d v a c a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------ A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __________ _________________________ ______________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s --------------------------------------- t - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s --------------------------------------- 12 17 _ t t 81 4 76 5 - 100 - 17 70 13 45 6 46 - 59 8 30 3 - “ ” t “ _ 100 - 6 81 13 - “ * t 3 78 4 91 - t t t t t - 58 - ~ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 5 - 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------- —------------------------------- ---------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------- 89 4 t 10 85 5 - 21 7 70 t 17 83 - 89 - - - - ” - - 94 4 100 5 87 - - t - 6 31 9 58 3 9 - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e t w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------- 89 7 3 2 S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , 93 6 t 100 - 18 O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s NOTE: In t h e t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u ch a s p e r c e n t a g e o f an n u a l e a r n in g s o r fla t -s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . D e n v e r , C o lo . , D e c e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N — V a ca tio n p o lic y A ll w o rk e rs ------------------------------------------------------------------- All in d u stries 1 100 M an u facturin g 10 0 Pu blic utilities * R etail trade P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — F inance A ll 2 industries 10 0 100 100 3 78 5 13 4 77 11 7 M an u facturin g Public utilities * R etail trade 10 0 1 00 100 82 17 5 87 _ t 70 18 12 - - _ - - - - . _ 33 67 5 50 _ - 13 17 71 - 44 _ - - - A M O U N T O F V A C A T I O N P A Y - C o n tin u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- t _ . 80 4 14 - 78 6 16 - 98 - t “ - t t 6 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 2 O 3 O 4 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s --------------------------------------w e e k s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- t _ _ 27 69 - 20 5 75 - 12 88 3 24 _ 60 4 37 3 55 - - t “ t - t 13 A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- _ t 24 69 20 5 74 t t t 4 12 88 " 3 24 59 14 . _ t 33 63 4 13 17 71 - 5 50 44 - " " “ - 13 17 71 - 47 _ 4 37 3 54 A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------3 w e e k s — ----------- - - -------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s --------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 ■f * t 22 20 t 5 63 - 60 - 14 15 12 - 88 - 3 23 31 43 4 36 3 45 t 3 10 13 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . _ 33 50 5 31 - 15 16 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCEN T OF OFFICE WORKERS EM PLOYED IN— T y p e o f pla n A l l w o r k e r s ________________________________________ All , industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities * Retail trade PERCENT OF P LA N T W ORKERS E M P L O YE D IN — Finance AU industries A Manufacturing Public utilities * Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 81 90 75 59 72 85 85 53 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g ; L ife in s u r a n c e _____________________________ __ A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ______________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3 _______________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ______ . S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r i o d ) ________ _______ ___________ S ic k le a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) __ ___ H o s p it a liz a t io n i n s u r a n c e _ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ____________________________ C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e ________________________ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n ____________________________ No h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n _____________________________________________ 1 2 3 t * 22 60 13 23 31 43 30 17 68 19 78 41 94 14 45 11 66 43 77 66 84 26 47 20 46 46 69 20 15 6 19 26 13 58 57 45 4 64 3 72 72 64 21 44 44 40 25 46 44 29 12 48 21 56 55 45 5 38 20 70 70 64 44 56 56 52 - - 36 65 16 40 37 18 13 37 10 8 26 18 12 - 25 - - 55 83 t In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . In c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . U n d u p lica te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w , L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 17 Appendix- Job Descriptions The a ssist a its v a r ie ty and of fr o m ra te s c a n tly in p a y r o ll to title s s u p e r v is o r s , tem p o ra ry , in jo b and p r e p a r in g in a p p r e n tic e s , th e to B ecau se th e fie ld th e of fro m th is or jo b on of are su rveys is e m p lo y e d to e s ta b lis h m e n t o c c u p a tio n a l fo r m ay d iffe r o th e r in s tr u c te d h a n d ic a p p e d to under w age in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t d e s c r ip tio n s p rep ared tr a in e e s , are g r o u p in g e m p h a s is th o se w age w ho e s ta b lis h m e n t th e r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s b e g in n e r s , B u re a u ’s w ork ers p e r m it B u re a u ’s e s ta b lis h m e n ts B u reau ’s le a r n e r s , p r o b a tio n a r y order c o n te n t, in d iv id u a l fo r o c c u p a tio n s a rra n g e m e n ts in c o n te n t. o f o c c u p a tio n a l u se d e s c r ip tio n s w ork e s s e n tia l jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , jo b in to a p p r o p r i a t e d iffe r e n t is c o m p a r a b le th o se th ese and T h is c o m p a r a b ility fr o m of c la s s ify in g area. r e p r e s e n tin g a p p ly in g pu rp ose sta ff area in te r a r e a in g p r im a r y fie ld and s ig n ifi pu rp oses. to e x c lu d e w ork ers, In w ork p a r t-tim e , w ork ers. O f f i c e B IL L E R , P rep ares th a n an as b illin g s to B O O K K E E P I N G -M A C H I N E M A C H IN E o r d in a r y c id e n ta l or to m a c h in e , sta te m e n ts, or s h ip p in g b illin g are b ills , e le c tr o m a tic charges o p e r a tio n s . c la s s ifie d b y ty p e and in v o ic e s ty p e w r ite r . or p e r fo r m F or w age on M ay o th e r stu d y o f m a c h in e , a as m a c h in e a ls o keep c le r ic a l w o rk p u rp oses, C la s s o th e r records in b ille r s , th e stru ctu re m in e s m a c h in e are (M o o n fro m o rd ers, s h ip p in g n ecessa ry by ty p in g d is c o u n ts m a c h in e . and The carbon c o p ie s fa n fo ld m a c h in e . of e tc . and o p e r a tio n th e b ill be to p rep are U s u a lly in v o lv e s charges m ay not are be p rep ared b ills u sed e n try of o n th e of a m a c h in e m ay or b ills (S u n d str a n d , m ay as in v o lv e s th e record . num ber of sa le s of (b o o k k e e p in g keyboard) a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le m a c h in e e n try num ber o fte n d e b it o r and c r e d it and U ses to done on of a c r e d it b a la n c e s . W orks fr o m R and, w h ic h o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly on and c u sto m e rs' u s u a lly D oes not u n ifo r m e tc . , cu sto m e rs' a c c u m u la te s co m p u te s a b o o k k e e p in g p rep are fig u r e s a u to m a tic a lly o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s th e of - R e m in g to n ty p e w r ite r th e b o o k k e e p in g . m a c h in e ) E llio ttT F is h e r , s im u lta n e o u s The m a tic a lly edge not have part and fig u r e s p r in ts in v o lv e a sta n d a rd le d g e r on a a u to k n o w l ty p e s k e e p in g . under c o n tr o l, b a la n c e s C L E R K , F is h e r , out S u n d stra n d , a ty p e w r ite r B u rrou gh s, k eyboard) to N a tio n a l C a s h R e g is t e r , keep a record of b u s in e s s and o th e r of or in c lu d e M ay check c o n tro l ty p e fo r hand. or s e c tio n s o f b a s ic b o o k p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d exp en se d is tr ib u tio n , in p r e p a r a t i o n th e ite m s c o n s o lid a te d p h ases a cco u n ts or a ssist of D e te r c r e d it k n o w le d g e s im p le sh e e ts u sed . and by m ore little k n o w le d g e p rep are records c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , e tc . d e b it M ay one r e q u ir in g s e c tio n s sy ste m of w ork . a a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w ith a c c o u n tin g of in tr ia l d e p a rtm e n t. A C C O U N T IN G has p le te A co u n ts R and, w ith E llio tt or g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n a s s ig n a tio n s C la s s B and U nder p a y a b le bank general o r w ith w h ic h th e tio n a l b a s is c lo s in g in v o lv e s as and of p o stin g a cco u n ts a c c o u n t of a or e s ta b lis h and b a la n c in g or vou ch ers ju d g m e n t and a llo c a tio n s . e n tr ie s ; com an r e c e iv a b le in v o ic e s jo u r n a l or s e c tio n s one p h ase r e q u ir e s s u p e r v is io n , m ore su ch vou ch ers, a cco u n ts; le d g e r s . and tr a n s a c tio n s . to m ore e x p e r ie n c e M ay m ay a c w ith a s s is t d ir e c t in c la s s c le r k s . - o p e r a tio n s a c c o u n tin g or c o d in g d is tr ib u tio n ; a d ju s tin g , a c c o u n tin g W ork su ch and of a bookkeeper one r e la tin g le d g e r s e x a m in in g prop er p r e p a r in g , k e e p in g record s or a c c o u n tin g m a k in g fo r tr a n s a c tio n s . le d g e r p a y a b le ; prop er B U nder b u s in e s s s u b s id ia r y in - r e s p o n s ib ility set of books m e n t 's by (R e m in g to n a c c o u n tin g record u s u a lly and p re p a re r e c o n c ilin g O P E R A T O R m a c h in e a or r e q u ir in g d is tr ib u tio n o f th e sh e e ts, K eeps P h ases a c c o u n tin g b o o k k e e p in g and b ille r , m a c h in e ), v e n to ry a cco u n ts a - record s c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a of s lip s . B O O K K E E P I N G -M A C H I N E O p e ra tes B of p a r tic u la r each p h ase b a la n c e C la s s m a c h in e th e set C o n tin u e d b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s records set of records a n t, B ille r , of in C la s s a - a c c u m u la te d la r g e is and a p p lic a tio n c o m p u te d a and w h ic h prepared and a u to m a tic a lly in v o lv e s b illin g e t c ., in te r n a lly u s u a lly b e in g s p e c ia l ord ers, or w h ic h a B u rrou gh s, s h ip p in g w h ic h m a y to ta ls U ses m a c h in e s ) p u rch ase m em oranda, - F is h e r , a n d a d d in g e x te n s io n s , m a c h in e , m a c h in e ) E llio tt c u sto m e rs' p r e d e te r m in e d b illin g (b illin g H o p k in s , c o m b in a tio n in v o ic e s of m a c h in e K eeps in b a s i c p rop er re p o rts, B ille r , - e x p e r ie n c e to fo llo w s : A and O P E R A T O R T h is b o o k k e e p in g r o u tin e am ong as one s im p le e n te rin g vou ch ers p o s tin g s u b s id ia r y jo b does not p r in c ip le s a c c o u n tin g several p e r fo r m s p o s tin g w ork w ork ers. or in v o u c h e r le d g e r s r e q u ir e but is m ore jo u r n a l is a fo u n d r o u tin e vou ch ers, r e g is te r s ; c o n tr o lle d k n o w le d g e in s u b d iv id e d o ffic e s on a of in fu n c 18 C L E R K , K E Y -P U N C H F IL E C la s s sy ste m . m ay in A - a ls o file in C la s s has B te r ia l C L E R K , in - th e fo llo w in g : or of filin g , and ty p e s lo c a tin g c le r ic a l u s u a lly or v a r io u s in f i l i n g in c id e n ta l lo c a te s p e rfo r m c u sto m e rs’ or of a ssists d u tie s . m a te r ia l th a t in l o c a t i n g in c id e n ta l c le r i c a l to p r ic e s to be m ake up fo r D u tie s in v o lv e of fo llo w th e order; M ay check c u sto m e r, up orders r e c e iv e d , m a te r ia l or c u sto m e rs; d is tr ib u tin g fille d . orders to sh e e t; r a tin g c u sto m e rs, orders p e r s o n a lly . order c r e d it of o th e rs p e r fo r m r o u tin e M ay records U nder filin g o th e r m a te r ia l; b ilitie s , by p u n c h in g u s in g an w r itte n a a c c o u n tin g s e r ie s a lp h a b e tic a l in fo r m a tio n d e v ic e M a y v e r ify ow n w ork sh e e ts c r e d it th a t check an c h e c k in g p r ic e s order w ith see m e r c h a n d ise out have s h ip p in g of sh eet B O Y in v o ic e s to w ith d e d e te r fr o m fille d , and d a ta on th e b ased tim e , out w ages p a y r o ll on tim e on p a y r o ll s h e e t , keep o r ig in a l d u ty o th e r C o m p to m e te r is in v o lv e : record s; su ch as in s u r a n c e , e n te rs th e C a lc u la tin g p o stin g v a r io u s of in o th e r s ib ilitie s , p le te d d u tie s m a il, and m in o r P e r fo r m s a d m in is tr a tiv e m e n ts and fo r o th e r d e n tia l and d ic ta tio n or e x e c u tiv e phone m a il, ta k in g s e c r e ta r ia l and or su p e r io r ; m a k in g or as file s su ch fo llo w in g by of as s e a le r s u s in g punch r u n n in g or c le r ic a l th e r e c e iv in g th e card s. erran d s, m a ile r s , o p e n in g w ork . w r itin g r o u tin e or re p o rts m a c h in e o ffic e ; on not and on a o r m e m o r a n d a fo r s u p e r io r in a n a p p o in t a n sw e r in g im p o r ta n t is m a c h in e , rep rod u ced a m a k in g in to and corresp on d en ce s im ila r in fo r m a tio n s p e c ia l fo r in c lu d e c o m in g p erson al tr a n s c r ib in g ste n o ty p e d u tie s D u tie s p e o p le h a n d lin g recorded c le r ic a l p o s itio n . c a lls ; (w h e re by and to ta l in a c a lc u la tin g w ages m a k in g up d a ta P r im a r y w o r k in g e ith e r in or ow n c o n fi in itia tiv e ; u sed ) e ith e r tr a n s c r ib in g tr a n s c r ib in g in fo r m a tio n in d ic ta m a c h in e . of su p e r io r . G E N E R A L n orm al due. M ay w r ite r . and d is file s d u ty sh o rth a n d r o u tin e M ay in a ls o ty p e c le r k , w h ic h , a C o m p to m e te r is not to w h ic h u se of be m ay th is to p e r f o r m c o n fu se d in v o lv e is d u ty of e ith e r in u se of v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r in c id e n ta l to re p o rts sh o rth a n d on file s M ay in O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H OR general reprodu ces u sin g a su ch or m u ltip le m im e o g r a p h as r e q u ir e d s te n c ils s u p e r v is io n fo r to in k and p rep are d itto m a te r ia l. or c o p ie s d itto paper s te n c il m a ste rs. and w ith of no fe e d or M ay co u n ter d itto so rt, or M akes and m a ste r. c o lla te , to t r a n s c r i b e w r itte n (se e fro m copy. record s, one s im ila r th is M ay e tc . or m ore m a c h in e , d ic ta tio n a ls o D oes t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e set not p erso n s, in v o lv in g on up a a ty p e and in c lu d e keep tra n - o p e r a to r ). is to ta k e by s p e c ia liz e d research a ls o order, d ic ta tio n ste n o ty p e ty p e and s im p le to fr o m one s im ila r v o c a b u la r y fro m keep or su ch as tr a n s c r ib e w r itte n copy. reco rd s, or m ore m a c h in e , in le g a l th is M ay e tc . p erson s, in v o lv in g b r ie fs d ic ta tio n a ls o D oes set on up not a or a and in c lu d e w ork . D IT T O ) s u p e r v is o r y ty p e w ritte n m a c h in e . fr o m or s c ie n tific ty p e w r ite r . and or T E C H N IC A L th a t fr e q u e n t m a c h in e P r im a r y m a th e w ith d ic ta tio n ste n o ty p e s im p le w ork ST E N O G R A P H E R , jo b to ta k e by keep s c r ib in g -m a c h in e m a c h in e . is or v o c a b u la r y , ord er, S W IT C H B O A R D U nder not r o u tin e d is tr ib u tin g w ork ers' d u tie s . D U P L I C A T I N G -M A C H I N E Is K eeps cards of o th e rs. su ch keep u sed m a c h in e . m a c h in e s tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e ju s tm e n t m a c h in e , d u p lic a te card s seq u en ce, n eces c a lc u la te d w o rk e r’s n am e, p a y m a ster to o p e r a t e T h is ty p e b u t, of and O P E R A T O R P r im a r y p e r fo r m a n c e fo r a ssist M ay u se c o m p u ta tio n s . or D u tie s in fo r m a tio n and e n v e lo p e s . e m p lo y e e s p r o d u c tio n d e d u c tio n s C O M P T O M E T E R s ta tis tic a l com pany sh e e ts. sh o w in g ra te , pay of or paych ecks tr ib u tin g m a tte r, s p e c ifie d P A Y R O L L e a r n in g s a a r e s p o n s i ta b u la tin g G IR L ST E N O G R A P H E R , m a tic a l on k e y -p u n c h M ay o ffic e sh o rth a n d C o m p u tes days, in card s n u m e r ic a l or w ork s u p e r v is o r y th e in to no SE C R E T A R Y tio n m ake w ith d a ta record s. a tta c h e d OR M ay p rep are sary a and s ta tis tic a l m in o r q u a n titie s orders been by th e r e s p e c tiv e d e p a rtm e n t r e c e ip t th e y and to of order h o le s or on d u p lic a tin g O F F IC E d u tie s. c o m b in a tio n m a k in g a c k n o w le d g e to and any of and m a o rd ers. C L E R K , g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n record s o p e r a tin g ite m s on p a rtm e n ts file keep s u p e r v is e c la s s ifie d , e s ta b lis h e d or P e rfo r m s Q u o tin g th e ite m s m in e or an O R D ER phone, lis tin g m a in ta in in g corresp on d en ce M ay M ay P e rfo r m s file s . R e c e iv e s m a il, m a te r ia l. file s . been fo r in d e x e s w ith f i l e s th e a lr e a d y and th is c o n ju n c tio n m a te r ia l of R e s p o n s ib le C la s s ifie s O P E R A T O R O P E R A T O R resp on O p e ra tes h a n d w r itte n n ecessary c y lin d e r M ay keep and s ta p le ad D u tie s sp eed . c a lls . file m a tio n of com F or in v o lv e M ay to record p erson s w orkers r e c e p tio n is t. a s in g le - h a n d lin g to ll w ho w ho a ls o o r m u ltip le -p o s itio n in c o m in g , c a lls c a ll and in , act as or o u tg o in g , ta k e t e le p h o n e and m e ssa g e s. o c c a s io n a lly r e c e p tio n is ts see s w itc h b o a r d . in tr a p la n t ta k e M ay or g iv e t e le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o ffic e in fo r o rd ers. o p e ra to r- 19 S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T In a d d i t io n tio n or ty p e to p e r f o r m in g m o n it o r -t y p e or p e r fo r m T h is ty p in g tim e w h ile or at d u tie s s w itc h b o a r d , r o u tin e c le r ic a l c le r ic a l w o rk m a y of a c ts o p e ra to r, as w ork ta k e T R A N S C R IB I N G -M A C H IN E as th e on a r e c e p tio n is t part m a jo r of s in g le and r e g u la r part of p o s i m ay th is a ls o in c lu d e d . or A s im ila r w ork er T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H IN E O p era tes O P E R A T O R s im p le or on o p e ra te in th a t M ay a u to m a tic a lly groups of fo r m s or a c c o u n tin g w ir in g of p lu g b o a r d s d ia g r a m s; m a c h in e . m a c h in e punched does p la c e s M ay file a u x ilia r y cards to b e cards ta b u la tin g card s record s; se ts a c c o r d in g ta b u la te d a fte r a n a ly z e s th e y are and or to and tr a n s la t e s p r in ts a d ju s ts m a g a z in e ta b u la te d . O P E R A T O R , P r im a r y fro m s c r ib in g la r y d u ty w r itte n d ic ta tio n su ch as is to fro m copy and do in v o lv in g le g a l tr a n s c r ib e d ic ta tio n b r ie fs a or m a c h in e C la s s sta rts in g a d d itio n , s im p le v a r ie d c le r ic a l te c h n ic a l re p o rts on in v o lv in g w ork . or a D R A F T S M A N , W orkers and s p e c ia liz e d s c ie n tific research p o se s. pare under to fo r U ses fro m d ir e c tio n u n its ty p e s s im p le of a la y o u t o r p a rts of of d r a w in g s c o n s tr u c tio n , d r a ftin g p la n s or to o ls p rep ared or as sk e tc h e s, o r p e rfo r m lim in a r y d ir e c ts a n d fo r in v o lv e p roced u res; p e r fo r m in g ste n o ty p e sk e tc h e s, a s s ig n in g m ore and e n g in e e r in g , and a d iffic u lt to or one of m ore fr o m th e by M ay or M ay and p u r a B a s s is t or in p re In te r p r e tin g d e te r m in in g th e ir s u b o r d in a te s - or in of rou gh and and in or th e su ch as s o r tin g to keep and u n u su al th e re w ord s fro m s ta tis tic a l d is fo rm is or ta b le s to copy a fr e q u e n t fro m fo r e ig n - sou rces, or m a in ta in fr o m le tte r s , T y p in g d r a fts several ty p in g t a b le s r o u tin e fo llo w in g : in v o lv e d w h ic h m a te r ia l s p a c in g ; ty p e m ore copy c o m p lic a te d P e r fo r m s c le a r p o lic ie s , one or e t c .; c o m p le x D E A D E R or as s u p e r v is o r y D R A F T SM A N , d u tie s m a n u fa c tu r in g in s p e c tin g tr a in in g , re p o rts or person . rou gh v a r y in g u n i d r a f t in d e ta ils to or m ore ty p e d s e ttin g u p ta b le s of d r a fts ; th e fo llo w in g : T y p in g r o u tin e ty p in g fo rm s, s im p le a lr e a d y set sta n d a rd up and of ta b u la tio n s , sp aced or p r o p e r ly . a or - C o n tin u e d r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t, a d m in is tr a tiv e or p e r fo r m r e la te d d u tie s n a tu re . S E N IO R p re d r a fts m e n rou gh m a te r ia l a n o th e r d r a fts o th e r fo llo w in g : verbal ord ers; s u b o r d in a te s p r o b le m s . or d r a w in g s c o n s tr u c tio n , c o m b in a tio n w r itte n d u tie s of d e ta il by T e c h n i c a l rough a c tiv itie s p la n s D u tie s b lu e p r in ts , by g e n e r a l. v a r io u s m ade s p e c ia l and very te c h n ic a l of r e la tiv e ly P rep ares w o r k in g d e ta ile d sk e tc h e s or p u rp oses. P r e p a r in g sk e tch e s p u rp oses. or c ir c u m s ta n c e s . c o p y in g m o r e not L E A D E R and one fro m c o m b in in g M ay in s u r a n c e m a n u fa c tu r in g r e q u ir e d . of been little co rre cte d b a la n c e are d r a fts m a n . o f w o r k in g and fo r m . C la s s to P la n s of p la n n in g fa c tu r in g D R A F T S M A N , u se copy; e m e r g e n c ie s e n g in e e r in g , fo r m or D R A F T SM A N , s c a le v a r io u s d r a w in g s p r e p a r a tio n sh o rth a n d c o p ie s have records P e r fo r m s p la in v a r ie d fro m of D raw s - vocabu d r a fts m a n ) o th e rs m ake in v o lv in g filin g fin a l la n g u a g e a ls o tra n J U N IO R (A s s is ta n t or in ste n o g ra p h e r, n orm al M ay P r o f e s s i o n a l m an a m a il. A fr o m fin a l record s. w ork m a t e r i a l in G E N E R A L tr a n s c r ib in g to c a lc u la tio n s record s, in c o m in g s u it v o c a b u la r y ty p e w r ite r a fte r c le r ic a l tr ib u tin g p r a c tic e in a b ills fo r m ity ty p e as tra n s and M ay, do m a c h in e ; e s ta b lis h e d in f e e d out s im p le m a c h in e s . T R A N S C R I B I N G -M A C H I N E r o u tin e d ic ta tio n C o n tin u e d T Y P IS T in g d a ta ta k e s c la s s ifie d - s w itc h b o a r d . U ses la te d is G EN ER AL. d u tie s . w o r k e r ’s m ake in fo r m a tio n w ho m a c h in e O P E R A T O R , w ork w ork ; d u r in g s c a le tio n s su ch tru sse s; u se as of be or changes u sed , on p e n c il and in a r c h ite c tu r a l, or e le c tr ic a l, a is in w r itin g m ap s, m a k in g stre n g th w ork , d r a w in g s of c h e c k in g of th e n o te s, m anu fo llo w in g : e n g in e e r in g m a te r ia ls , m a k in g in fr e q u e n tly in a s p e c ia liz e d m e c h a n ic a l, or stru ctu ra l and m a te r ia ls a d ju s tm e n ts lin e s c o m p le te e t c ., c o m p u ta beam s d im e n s io n s , M a y in k u n its of or c r o s s -s e c tio n s , s p e c ific a tio n s ; d e ta il fro m c o n s tr u c tio n , c o m b in a tio n s p e c ific a tio n s . p repare W ork d e ta il in s tr u m e n ts ; in v o lv e d q u a n titie s ; d r a w in g s , d r a w in g s . in v o lv e c o m p le te d d r a w in g s and e n g in e e r in g , d e ta il d r a w in g s , d r a ftin g th o se v e r ify in g to tra ce D u tie s w o r k in g p la n s , by p la n s fo r and le tte r s d r a w in g s , or fie ld as d r a ftin g . su ch 20 N U R SE, IN D U S T R IA L A r e g is te r e d e m p lo y e e s th e or o th e r p r e m is e s c o m b in a tio n of of a (R E G IS T E R E D ) n u rse w ho p erson s fa c to r y th e or of tre a te d ; of a p p lic a n ts in v o lv in g p r e p a r in g e m p lo y e e s ; h e a lth e d u c a tio n , to su ffe r fir s t a id a c c id e n t and re p o rts p la n n in g a c c id e n t and th e fo r in ju r e d ill c r ib s , and in good co u n ters, trim m ade th e fo llo w in g : in g s , m a k in g in an and out m a te r ia ls out to o ls , of and of n ecessary a tr a c in g U ses c lo th a n d fo r u s in g th e fr o m a w ork . rou n ded c a s in g s , in v o lv e s m ost of m e a s u r in g c a r p e n t e r 's in s tr u m e n ts ; to d im e n s io n s In g e n e r a l, tr a in in g or of d raw of th e and w ork ; w ork of e x p e r ie n c e e q u iv a le n t p ly th e tio n , or to rs, and in s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , d is tr ib u tin g , W ork a or in v o lv e s v a r ie ty of m ost n o s in g e q u ip m e n t; and te s tin g e le c tr ic ia n q u ir e d or d r a w in g s , tr o u b le c o m p u ta tio n s th e in o th e r a to r e q u ir e s a or lo a d of In rou n ded fo rm a l e x p e r ie n c e . su ch o th e r fu n c tio n s e q u ip m e n t en ergy In s ta llin g as fo r in or r e q u ir e m e n ts e l e c t r i c i a n 's g e n e r a l, r e p a ir in g a ir th e tr a in in g a p p r e n tic e s h ip of w ir in g tio n . in of and or th e and s im p le by o th e rs, tr a c in g d r a ftin g w ith by pen to o ls . p la c in g or M ay p e n c il. p repare le tte r in g . and M ay in w h ic h a ls o and a ir m a k in g m a c h in e r y , s u p e r v is e th e se e m p lo y in g pow er, h ea t, O p e r a tin g e q u ip m e n t o p e r a tio n s . th a n o p e r a tio n and to su p r e fr ig e r a m a in ta in in g g e n e ra to rs, e q u ip m e n t, ste a m r e p a ir s ; te m p e ra tu re , m ore th e e le c tr ic a l) co m p re sso rs, r e fr ig e r a tin g p u m p s; of s u p e r v is e w ith in v o lv e s ; e n g in e s , v e n t ila t in g a ls o (m e c h a n ic a l o r e m p lo y e d W ork ste a m w a te r and m a y e q u ip m e n t m o b o ile r s k e e p in g a and fu e l con su m p or c h ie f e n g in e e r s H ead o n e ~ e n g in e e r are e x c lu d e d ". S T A T IO N A R Y h ea t, a sa fe ty room s ta tio n a ry b o ile r s w ith o p e ra te s B O IL E R pow er, m e c h a n ic a l v a lv e s . to f u r n is h or ste a m . sto k e r, M ay c le a n , gas, o il, th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t in F eeds or or o il fu e ls to bu rn er; a ssist in fir e w h ic h by checks r e p a ir in g hand w a te r b o ile r - e q u ip m e n t. H E L P E R , TR A D E S, M A IN T E N A N C E of u n its , fr o m b lu e and d ia g sta n d a rd or e le c tr ic a l and m e a su r in g A s s is ts tra d e s, as by k e e p in g in g a area, te r ia ls to o ls ; The tra d e u s u a lly a c area s; e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and o p e r a tio n s , on a or w orker to liftin g , and in or fu ll-tim e m ore s p e c ific su p p lie d m a c h in e , or neym an. fr o m one p e r fo r m in g e x p e r ie n c e th e as e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ly in g , of and o th e r an d m a in ta in s o p e r a tio n m a in te n a n c e w ork p rep ared d r a w in g and c o n d itio n in g . su ch b o ile r -fe d tr a n sfo r m e r s, w o r k in g h a n d to o ls any h e a tin g lo c a t in g e q u ip m e n t; w e lfa r e , g e n e r a tin g , e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g or as e s ta b lis h m e n t. m o to rs, s p e c ific a tio n s ; sy ste m su ch th e an g e n e ra to rs, b reak ers, tr a n s m is s io n v a r ie ty in s tr u m e n ts . th ro u g h fo llo w in g : e le c tr ic a l r e la tin g u sin g of e le c tr ic c ir c u it la y o u t, th e r e p a ir of e q u ip m e n t c o n tr o lle r s , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , p r in ts, of e le c tr ic a l s w itc h b o a r d s , or u tiliz a tio n tra d e do e n g in e s tu r b in e s, record or e le c tr ic a l and e s ta b lis h m e n t e q u ip m e n t and of h e a lth , S T A T IO N A R Y s ta tio n a r y e m p lo y e d M A IN T E N A N C E v a r ie ty d r a w in g s over com p ass, O p era tes of F IR E M A N , a th e P o w e r p l a n t F ir e s P e r fo r m s a ffe c tin g tr a in e x p e r ie n c e . E L E C T R IC IA N , and paper d r a w in g s and b in s , b lu e p r in ts , v a r ie ty fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip as p la n s or T -s q u a r e , s im p le p la n t c o n stru c t s ta ir s , W ork w ork r e la tin g r e q u ir e s to e q u ip m e n t s u c h flo o r s , sta n d a rd c o m p u ta tio n s th r o u g h doors, in s tr u c tio n s ; ca rp en ter C o p ie s or program s e v a lu a tio n n ecessary e s ta b lis h m e n t. la y in g pow er sh op d u tie s a c tiv itie s T R A C E R h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s c a r r y in g w ood w ork and p a r titio n s , verbal p o r ta b le a c q u ir e d and w ood or m a in te n a n c e u s u a lly in g of sta n d a rd s e le c tin g th e ca rp en try o th e r C o n tin u e d p e r s o n n e l. E N G IN E E R , b u ild in g ben ch es, P la n n in g m o d e ls , h a n d to o ls , th e r e p a ir or a ll - k e e p in g r e c o r d s M A IN T E N A N C E P e rfo r m s m a in ta in of (R E G IS T E R E D ) a in ju r e d "* " M a i n t e n a n c e C A R P E N T E R , IN D U S T R IA L e n v ir o n m e n t, sa fe ty on in v o lv e or c o m p e n sa tio n and p r e v e n tio n , or a c c id e n t D u tie s to e x a m in a tio n s ill an o f e m p lo y e e s 1 in ju r ie s ; c o n d u c tin g p h y s ic a l and s e r v ic e ill o r e s ta b lis h m e n t. G iv in g su b seq u en t d r e s s in g p a tie n ts n u r s in g becom e o th e r fo llo w in g : a tte n d in g to o th e r p u r p o s e s ; g iv e s w ho N U R SE , and of tra d e : and w ork In p a rts b a s is . he of to o ls ; tra d es m a te r ia ls p e r m itte d th a t and a s s is tin g u n s k ille d h e lp e r tra d e s k ille d m a te r ia ls th e is a o th e r th e of som e h o ld in g o th e rs w ith in g e n e r a l d u tie s e q u ip m e n t; p e r fo r m in g k in d w orkers or is and to are w orker ta sk s as p e r m itte d th e h e lp e r to o ls p e rfo r m a ls o le s s e r m a in te n a n c e s k ill, by h o ld in g d ir e c te d to su ch c le a n in g w o r k by p e rfo r m is c o n fin e d and c le a n in g s p e c ia liz e d p e rfo r m e d by m a jo u r v a r ie s to su p w o r k in g m a c h in e w orkers 21 M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R , S p e c ia liz e s to o ls , such la th e s , or gau ges, jig s , v a r ie ty sp eed s, to o lin g d u r in g o p e r a tio n r e q u ir e d and to s e le c t to prop er d ie to or a m ost and of degree m a k in g sh o p s are to o ls , fo llo w in g : R e p a ir s m en t. and or W ork p a r tly th e accu racy; broken or of fe e d s, n ecessary a d ju s t m a c h in e d im e n s io n s . s p e c ific a tio n s to d ress to o ls , fro m o ils . F or lu b r ic a tin g e x c lu d e d fro m th is to o lr o o m , c la s s ific a tio n . a a d ju s tm e n ts to a m a c h in e s p a rts ite m s fo r sh op r e p a ir s o p e r a tio n . In th r o u g h fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip a in v o lv e fro m rou n d ed th is s e ttin g up or a d ju s tin g r e p a ir s and a fittin g m a jo r fo r th e th e m a in ly r e p la c in g o r d e r in g s e n d in g p r e p a r in g of w ork p a rts of e x p e r ie n c e a of w r itte n ord ered m a in te n a n c e and w h ose th e a ll n e c e s s a r y u s u a lly tr a in in g w orkers th a t or a n d m a k in g e q u iv a le n t are sh op r e p a ir s ; m a c h in e s p a rts; p r o d u c tio n and e s ta b lis h d is m a n tlin g sto c k ; m a c h in e g e n e r a l, c la s s ific a tio n or p e r fo r m in g m a c h in e s ; or an tr o u b le ; o b ta in e d fr o m tr a in in g of E x a m in in g of by fo r r e a s s e m b lin g r e q u ir e s sou rce s c r a p in g part m e c h a n ic e q u ip m e n t fo llo w in g : and in w ith m a c h in e sh op ; th e d ia g n o s e h a n d to o ls fo r m a jo r m a c h in e of r e p la c e m e n t to or E x c lu d e d M A C H IN IS T , of d r e s s in g , and of d e fe c tiv e p r o d u c tio n th e e q u ip m e n t u se o r m e c h a n ic a l m ost d is m a n tlin g in v o lv e s e le c tin g m a c h in e r y in v o lv e s m e c h a n ic a l p r o c e s s in g stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s , jo b b in g e n g in e M A IN T E N A N C E to le r a n c e s need c u ttin g th e o p e r a tio n s ; h ig h r e q u is ite w h e n to o ls o f m a c h in e g r in d e r s , in s tr u m e n ts ; seq u en ce; a c h ie v e ty p e s o f m a c h in e -s h o p in v o lv e s se tu p s c o o la n ts m ore su r fa c e m a c h in in g m e a su r in g r e c o g n iz e c r o s s -in d u s tr y w age and W ork o p e r a tio n or or c o n s tr u c tio n d iffic u lt p r e c is io n and be to o l d ie s . c o m p lic a te d of M ay in or in th e M E C H A N IC , o f one c y lin d r ic a l m a c h in e s p e r fo r m in g a m en ts o p e r a tio n b o re rs, fix tu r e s , and r e q u ir in g u s in g in th e jig m illin g P la n n in g ite m s as TO O LR O O M a c q u ir e d e x p e r ie n c e . p r im a r y d u tie s m a c h in e s . M A IN T E N A N C E M IL L W R IG H T P rodu ces of m eta l W ork p a rts in v o lv e s tio n s and r ie ty of in g up to to m ost and c lo s e o f th e of p a rts w r itte n m e a s u r in g m a c h in e to o ls ; sta n d a rd fe e d s o f th e sh op and m e c h a n ic a l re q u ir e s th r o u g h a a va in s tr u m e n ts ; In s ta lls in s ta lls out a re out o f a m a c h in e s or r e q u ir e d . la y in g u sin g new m a c h in e s heavy W ork th e w ork ; v a r ie ty of m eta l p u ta tio n s c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t g r a v ity ; a lin in g and e q u ip m e n t, p a rts sp eed s of m a c h in in g ; m e ta ls ; fo r h is w ork; In fittin g in order and pow er in v o lv e s to and stre sse s, to be r ig g in g ; of u sed ; th e tr a in in g and tic e s h ip or a p p r e n tic e s h ip in th e tra d e tr a in in g or o th e r and as and com c e n te rs sta n d a rd m a in ta in in g and of to o ls , in good sp eed re q u ir e s a c q u ir e d th r o u g h and sh op and d r iv e s n o r m a lly la y P la n n in g sta n d a rd s e le c tin g and p la n t s p e c ific a tio n s ; m a te r ia ls , su ch w ork in th e fo llo w in g : m a k in g of in s ta llin g e q u ip m e n t m a c h in e - e x p e r ie n c e th e e q u ip m e n t; In g e n e r a l , th e m i l l w r i g h t ^ e q u iv a le n t of an d d is m a n tle s changes b lu e p r in ts stre n g th b a la n c in g tr a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t m ost in te r p r e tin g d u cers. g e n e r a l, tr a in in g fo r m a l s e le c tin g r e la tin g or heavy e q u ip m e n t w h e n h a n d to o ls of com m on rou n ded in s tr u c u s in g s h a p in g e q u ip m e n t. a r e p a ir s e s ta b lis h m e n t. out o f w o rk ; a n d e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d a c q u ir e d m a k in g an In te r p r e tin g la y in g to o lin g , in to and in in p r e c is io n p r o p e r tie s p a rts, u s u a lly and m a k in g n o r m a lly tr a in in g and sta n d a rd w ork, p a rts w ork p r a c tic e e q u iv a le n t h a n d to o ls w o r k in g a s s e m b lin g m a c h in is t^ and new fo llo w in g : p la n n in g to le r a n c e s ; sta n d a rd m a t e r ia ls , sh op th e o p e r a tin g d im e n s io n s k n o w le d g e and of s p e c ific a tio n s ; m a c h in is ts s e ttin g p a rts r e p la c e m e n t p a r ts o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a te d re a ro u n d ed a fo rm a l appren p a rts w e a r in g e x p e r ie n c e . or e x p e r ie n c e . O IL E R L u b r ic a te s , M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E R e p a ir s an e q u ip m e n t to o ls as sto c k ; e q u ip m e n t w ren ch es, or g r in d in g v a r io u s a lin in g and to w h e e ls , th e d r ills , v e h ic le b rak es w ork th e and s h ip e q u iv a le n t e x p e r ie n c e of and and of tr o u b le ; th e or lig h t s , a c q u ir e d tra c to rs of or th r o u g h hand- in p a rts d is fro m in s ta llin g tig h te n in g a su ch e q u ip m e n t and of of P A IN T E R , w ith m e c h a n ic a l o il o r g rea se, e q u ip m e n t of th e an m o v in g or e s ta b lis h m e n t. M A IN T E N A N C E E x a m in in g d is a s s e m b lin g n ecessary m e c h a n ic e x p e r ie n c e . u se d e fe c tiv e r e a s s e m b lin g m a k in g and fo llo w in g : s p e c ia liz e d b rok en a u to m o tiv e u s u a lly tr a in in g and th e in v o lv e or v a lv e s ; a d ju s tin g tr a in in g th e th a t r e p la c in g a d ju s tin g of sou rce r e p a ir s s u r fa c e s m o to rtru c k s, m ost d ia g n o s e p a rts; in bu ses, in v o lv e s gau ges, fittin g a s s e m b lie s g e n e r a l, or W ork an d p e r fo r m in g a s s e m b lin g In a u to m o b ile s , e s ta b lis h m e n t. a u to m o tiv e (M A IN T E N A N C E ) th e a d ju s tm e n ts ; body r e q u ir e s b o lts . rounded fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e P a in ts and e s ta b lis h m e n t. p e c u lia r itie s p r e p a r in g p u tty gun or or of p e r ie n c e le n t in b ru sh . in g r e d ie n ts w ork and th e to fo r n a il M ay o b ta in of h o le s m ix and w oodw ork, fo llo w in g : r e q u ir e d by fo r re m o v in g and in te r s tic e s ; c o lo r s , p rop er a c q u ir e d w a lls , th e p a in t p a in tin g m a in te n a n c e u s u a lly tr a in in g in v o lv e s ty p e s su r fa c e fille r re d e c o ra te s W ork c o lo r p a in te r th r o u g h e x p e r ie n c e . o ils , or fix tu r e s d iffe r e n t o ld fin is h a p p ly in g w h ite le a d , c o n siste n c y . r e q u ir e s a and K n o w le d g e rounded of an a p p lic a tio n s ; or by p la c in g p a in t w ith and In of su rfa c e sp ray o th e r p a in t g e n e r a l, tr a in in g fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip or and th e ex e q u iv a 22 P IP E F IT T E R , I n s ta lls and fro m of or p ip e fittin g s lo w in g : L a y in g p ip e to or r e p a ir s in an out d r a w in g s to rch or of p ip e by w ith sh o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g rou n d ed h e a tin g P L U M B E R , to to or in are to p ip e ham m er in s ta llin g of and and p ip e s iz e s d ie s ; a s s e m b lin g m a k in g sta n d a rd s iz e p ip e of p ip e s a c q u ir e d b u ild in g and la y in g p r in ts , a v a ila b le b lin g ; th r o u g h s a n ita tio n W ork in v o lv e s : v e n ts and tra p s fix tu r e s ; In g e n e r a l, or of in p lu m b i n g o p e n in g th e tr a in in g an d s h ip K n o w le d g e c lo g g e d w ork of e x p e r ie n c e e q u iv a le n t s a n ita r y sy ste m ; d r a in s th e codes and re g a r d in g in s ta llin g w ith a a c q u ir e d or p lu n g e r m a in te n a n c e u s u a lly tr a in in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t in good T O O L a ord er. p ip e s p lu m b e r !s p lu m b e r W O R K E R , r e q u ir e s of and sn ake. rou n d ed th r o u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e e x p e r ie n c e . or m eta l e q u ip m e n t s h e lv e s , of an and lo c k e r s , fix tu r e s ta n k s, e s ta b lis h m e n t. (s u c h as v e n tila to r s , W ork in v o lv e s in good m a c h in e of r e p a ir gu ard s, ch u te s, m ost d u c ts, th e th e grease m eta l fo llo w in g : C u s t o d i a l E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , T ra n sp o rts a p a rtm en t h ou se, W ork ers w ho as of sta rte rs th o se p assen gers o p e ra te sh e e t- e le v a to r s an d ja n ito r s in flo o r s h o te l or c o n ju n c tio n are of an s im ila r w ith P la n n in g com m on and to r e la te d tr e a tin g of d ie s to u r , c lu d e s m a in ta in in g g a te m e n e m p lo y e e s and ord er, w ho o th e r are u sin g p erson s arm s s ta tio n e d at e n te r in g . or fo r c e g a te and at fix e d w h ere check d u tie s p ost s e ttin g m a k in g of a sse m g e n e r a l, rou n ded th e tr a in in g a p p r e n tic e s h ip m ak er; to o l of and o th e r gauge or m aker) of up and to o lr o o m or la y in g p r e sc r ib e d p r a c tic e p r o p e r tie s m a c h in e and a u s u a lly and of to o ls r e la tin g fin is h e d c lo s e to o ls to le r a n c e s ; to le r a n c e s r e q u ir e s e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g of to to o ls , w ork s p e c ifi o f m a c h in e s ; h e a t- w e ll a s w o r k in g w ork out of c o m p u ta tio n s to o lin g as of fix w ork . and p r e c is io n w o r k in g sh op m a te r ia ls , m a k e r’s and o p e r a tin g and jig s , o r a l a n d w r itte n th e and q u a litie s ; to gau ges, m e t a l-fo r m in g m a k e r 1s h a n d t o o l s fe e d s , p a rts d ie a p p r e n tic e s h ip P la n n in g or d u r in g f a b r ic a t io n a p p r o p ria te to o ls , o th e r n ecessa ry sp eed s, re q u ir e d a s s e m b lin g s e le c tin g th e fo llo w in g : u n d e r s ta n d in g w ork , a c h ie v e F or in b u ild in g , and a llo w p ro ce sse s. rou n d ed a c q u ir e d In tr a in in g th ro u g h a e x p e r ie n c e . to o l and c r o s s -in d u s tr y d ie jo b b in g w age sh ops stu d y p u r p o s e s , are e x c lu d e d to o l and fro m th is d ie m ak ers c la s s ific a tio n . M o v e m e n t P O R T E R , (S w e e p e r; OR C L E A N E R charw om an; ja n itr e s s ) su ch or n ecessary . on a ll v a r ie ty and In fo rm a l fix tu r e and o f to o l a n d d ie m e ta l p a rts to and of C le a n s e ith e r a a fittin g , r e q u ir e s m a c h in e -s h o p p u n c h in g d r a w in g s , and a llo y s ; m a c h in e -s h o p fo r m a l th e e q u ip m e n t; d im e n s io n s and of in s tr u m e n ts ; m e ta ls e x c lu d e d . d u tie s, r e p a ir s u s in g a v a r ie ty m e a s u r in g or p o lic e and m ost M a t e r i a l G U AR D r o u tin e th ro u g h to o lm a k e r ; fo r g in g s , b lu e p r in ts , areas P e r fo r m s fo r in v o lv e s e s ta b lis h m e n t. o th e r u s in g r e q u ir e d . b lu e p an s, a n d o ffic e m aker; m o d e ls , J A N IT O R , b e tw e e n sto re , jig W ork r o o fin g ) P A SSE N G E R d e p a rtm e n t d ie s g e n e r a l, an d m a in ta in s as fro m o p e r a tin g e x p e r ie n c e . fro m fittin g M A IN T E N A N C E in s ta lls , s h a p in g , and M A K E R C o n stru c ts in F a b r ic a te s , D IE (D ie m a k e r ; an ces; S H E E T -M E T A L a r tic le s w ork up m a c h in e s ; fo r m in g , a c q u ir e d and se ttin g s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r u s u a lly tr a in in g A N D or in s ta lla tio n r e p a ir in g or b e n d in g , s h e e t-m e ta l e x p e r ie n c e c a tio n s; of an c u ttin g , C o n tin u e d s h e e t -m e t a l m a in te n a n c e s p e c ific a tio n s ; s h e e t -m e t a l-w o r k in g th e m a in te n a n c e e q u iv a le n t tu re s sy ste m of o th e r - W orkers e x c lu d e d . th e p lu m b in g of in s ta llin g of and in ty p e s or ty p e s h a n d to o ls w ork a il m o d e ls , M A IN T E N A N C E re m eet M A IN T E N A N C E K eeps out W O R K E R , p ip e fitte r e x p e r ie n c e . r e p a ir in g of and m a in te n a n c e u s u a lly fo l o x y a c e ty le n e sto c k s m a c h in e s ; th e tr a in in g and or w ith flo w , o f p ip e th e v a r io u s w h e th e r fin is h e d e x p e r ie n c e e q u iv a le n t of p o s itio n h an gers; d e te r m in e ty p e s m ost c u ttin g p ip e to w ork o th e r lo c a te p o w e r -d r iv e n th e and or in v o lv e s and p re ssu re s, te sts tr a in in g engaged sy ste m s or g e n e r a l, fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip p r im a r ily c h is e l th r e a d in g fa ste n in g sta n d a rd gas, W ork s p e c ific a tio n s ; w ith m a c h in e ; and In ste a m , m e a s u r in g w r itte n le n g th s c o u p lin g s s p e c ific a tio n s . re q u ir e s and h a n d -d r iv e n p ip e q u ir e d ; m a k in g w ork o th e r correct w a te r, e s ta b lis h m e n t. p ip e -c u ttin g b e n d in g S H E E T -M E T A L M A IN T E N A N C E id e n tity on In of and and keeps w ash room s, c o m m e r c ia l or o th e r o f th e f o llo w i n g : S w e e p in g , tra sh , or and fix tu r e s ; m in o r re stro o m s. W ork ers o r d e r ly m o p p in g and o th e r p o lis h in g m e t a l m a in te n a n c e an p r e m is e s of an e s ta b lis h m e n t. r e m o v in g c h ip s , in or or in a p a rtm en t in v o lv e s c r u b b in g , d u s tin g w o r k in g flo o r s ; fu r n itu r e , p r o v id in g w a s h in g h ou se, c o m b in a tio n an d p o lis h in g la v a to r ie s , w in d o w a e q u ip m e n t, tr im m in g s ; c le a n in g s p e c ia liz e fa c to ry o ffic e , D u tie s re fu se ; fix tu r e s se r v ic e s ; w ho or c o n d itio n s u p p lie s sh ow ers, are and e x c lu d e d . 23 LABORER, S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G ( L o a d e r a n d u n lo a d e r ; h a n d le r an d s t a c k e r ; s h e lv e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e lp e r ; w a r e h o u s e m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r ) - C o n tin u e d o th e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s an d r e je c t in g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u tin g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n ts ; m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s an d f i l e s . A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t , s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g a n d u n loa d in g v a r io u s m a t e r i a l s an d m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m fr e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o th e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia l s o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h an d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o lo a d an d u n lo a d s h ip s a r e e x c lu d e d . F or w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e R e c e iv in g c l e r k S h ip p in g c l e r k S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g c l a s s i f i e d a s f o llo w s : c le r k T R U C K D R IV E R ORDER F IL L E R (O r d e r p i c k e r ; sto ck s e le c t o r ; w arehou se stock m a n ) F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c if i c a t io n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ’ o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to f illin g o r d e r s an d in d ic a t in g it e m s f il l e d o r o m itte d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is i t io n a d d itio n a l s t o c k , o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , a n d p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t e d d u tie s . PACKER, D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u ip m e n t , o r m e n b e t w e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s u c h a s : M a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t s , fr e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e an d r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d c u s t o m e r s ’ h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s i n e s s . M ay a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , an d k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s iz e a n d ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t , a s f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a te d on th e b a s i s o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y . ) S H IP P IN G P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r sh ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p la c in g th e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p on th e t y p e , s i z e , an d n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , the ty p e o f c o n t a in e r e m p lo y e d , an d m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r t o v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e type an d s i z e o f c o n t a in e r ; i n s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th e r m a t e r ia l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g an d s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n t e r in g id e n tify in g data on c o n t a in e r . P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . T r u c k d r i v e r (c o m b in a t io n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a t e ly ) T r u c k d r i v e r , lig h t (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d iu m (I V 2 to an d in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h eavy (o v e r 4 to n s, tr a ile r ty p e ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , o t h e r than t r a i l e r t y p e ) TRUCKER, O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s an d m a t e r i a l s o f a ll k in d s a b ou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t , o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K tru ck , P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h ip m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s an d is r e s p o n s ib l e f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n t o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r i a l s . S h ip p in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f sh ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n an d r a t e s ; a n d p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a file o f sh ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g the m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t . R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r if y in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r POW ER F o r w age a s f o llo w s : T ru ck er, T ru ck er, stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s pow er pow er are c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f (fo r k lift) (o th e r th an f o r k l i f t ) W ATCHM AN M a k e s r o u n d s o f p r e m i s e s p e r i o d i c a l l y in p r o t e c t in g p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , th e ft, a n d i l l e g a l e n t r y . U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : 1956 O - 377942