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Occupational Wage Survey PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA N O V EM BER 1955 B L S B u lle tin N o. 1 1 8 8 -4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J a m e s P. M itc h e ll, S e cre ta ry BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv ey P H IL A D E L P H IA , P E N N S Y L V A N IA N O V E M B E R 1955 Bulletin No. 1188-4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LA B O R Jam es P. M itchell, S e cre ta ry BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commiss>on«r F e b r u a r y 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Contents P ag e Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------W a g e trends for selected occupational groups _________________________________________________ _____ 1 3 Tables: 1: 2: Establishments and workers within scope of study---------------------------------- -----Indexes of standard Weekly salaries for office clerical and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent of increase A: Occupational earnings * A-l: Office occupations _________ ___________________________________________ *___________ A-2: Professional and technical occupations________ _____________________ _____ -_________ A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occupations------ ------------------------------------A-4: Custodial and material m o v e m e n t occupations ______________________________________ 5 9 9 11 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B-l: Shift differential provisions _______________________________________________________ B-2: M i n i m u m entrance rates for w o m e n office workers ___________________________ _____ B -3: Scheduled weekly h o u r s __ _____________________________________________________ _____ B -4: Paid holidays__-_________________________ ____ -_________________ ___________________ B - 5: Paid vacations____’________________________________________________________________ B-6: Health, insurance, and pension plans____________________ ________________________ ... 14 15 16 17 18 20 B: Appendix: Job descriptions _____________________________ ________________________ ________________ * N O T E : Similar tabulations for m ost of these items are available in the Philadelphia area re ports for M a y 1950, October 1951, October 1952, October 1953, and N o v e m b e r 1954, The 1953 report also provides tabulations of wage structure characteristics, labor-management agreements, and overtime pay provisions. The 1954 report also includes data on frequency of wage payments, and pay provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request. Current reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices in the Philadel phia area are also available for machinery (December 1955), industrial chemicals (August 1955), w o m e n ' s and misses* dresses (August 1955), hotels (July 1955), power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), office building service (May 1955), contract cleaning service (June 1955), and cigars (April 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers. in 2 21 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rv e y - P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . * I n tr o d u c tio n O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y an d n o t the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b t a in e d f r o m the s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e do n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta . T h e P h ila d e lp h ia a r e a is o n e o f s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h as c o n d u c t e d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s an d r e la t e d w ag e b e n e fit s o n an a r e a w id e b a s i s . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d a g e n ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s r a i l r o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b l i s h m e n ts h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d a l s o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h i n s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d to w a r r a n t in c l u s i o n . *1 W h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a t e ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e l e c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s as th e y r e la t e to o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u s e d in th is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s a ll o f f i c e c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s an d e x c lu d e s a d m i n is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l . "P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s ( in c lu d in g le a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f ic e f u n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w ho a r e u t ili z e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , b u t a r e in c lu d e d as p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d o n a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s , and to in s u r e p r o m p t p u b li c a t io n o f r e s u l t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s t u d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e la t in g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the in d u s t r y g r o u p in g a n d a r e a , 2 e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s i z e s t u d ie d . O c c u p a t io n s S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e l im it e d t a m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h is i n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d b o th in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 3 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , an d (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d on the b a s i s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d o n the s p e c i f i e d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w as u se d . an d E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r stud y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c t u r in g an d n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t io n is b a s e d o n a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l is h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e jo b ( s e e a p p e n d ix f o r lis t i n g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t i o n s ) . E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a t io n s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in t e n a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t ; an d (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t . M in im u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n t s v i s i t e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s . S c h e d u le d h o u r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; an d h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the b a s i s th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d i v id u a l it e m s in th e s e ta b u la tio n s do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y e q u a l t o t a ls . D a ta a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e i n c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf - h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th e s e o c c u p a t io n s h av e b e e n ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf-d o lla r . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s is l im it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p a y is g r a n te d at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d 3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d as h a v in g a p o l i c y i f it m e t e it h e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d it io n s : ( l ) O p e r a t e d la te s h ift s a t the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) h ad f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h ift s . 4 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t i o n o f ta b le B - 3 ) a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w ork ers. * T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in N ew Y o r k , N . Y . b y F r e d e r i c k W . M u e ll e r , u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f P a u l E . W a r w ic k , R e g io n a l W a ge and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s .A n a ly s t . 1 S e e ta b le 1 f o r m i n i m u m - s i z e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d . 2 T h e ta b u la tio n o f m in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e la t e s o n ly to p r o v i s i o n s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d . and S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s 1 2 a c c o r d i n g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t i c e in c o m p u tin g v a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , s u c h as tim e p a y m e n t s , p e r c e n t o f an nual e a r n in g s , o r f l a t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n ts n o t on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k ’ s pay. D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s f o r w h ic h at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p t in g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s s u c h as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . S u ch p la n s in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it te n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v i d e d th ro u g h a u n ion fu nd o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y the e m p lo y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n ds o r f r o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D ea th b e n e fit s a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f l i f e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim it e d to that ty p e o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s i s d u rin g ill n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . I n fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s u c h p la n s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich h ave e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 5* p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a ll y r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fit s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la t io n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b eca u se o f illn e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to ( l ) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and n o w a itin g p e r i o d , and (2 ) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r i o d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n t a t io n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a te d to t a l is sh ow n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e i v e e it h e r o r b o th ty p e s o f b e n e fit . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to as e x te n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s an d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d i c a l , a n d s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . S u ch p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r it t e n by c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r th e y m a y b e s e l f in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim it e d to th o s e p la n s that p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 5 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n i a and R h o d e I s la n d do n o t r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s . Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Philadelphia, Minimum Number of establishments size establish Industry division Within ment scope of Studied in scope of study study 2 . 322 1,471 A ll divisions________________________________ 145 101 756 Manufacturing_______________________________ 177 715 Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------------Transportation (excluding railroads), 101 62 23 communication, and other public utilities4___ 51 36 198 Wholesale trade -------------------------------------------101 104 35 Retail trade 5 ____________________________ 45 Finance, insurance, and real estate --------------51 169 Services 7 _______________________________ 51 182 38 Pa. , 1 by major industry division, November 1955 Total 3 575,000 355,300 219,700 49,300 28,100 72,200 45,400 24,700 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Office Plant 96,600 39,900 56,700 8, 500 7,700 9,200 28,300 3,000 381,200 260,800 120,400 32,400 12,900 55,700 6 2,600 16, 800 Studied Total 3 329,320 189,360 139, 960 43,390 7, 660 56, 380 24,960 7, 570 1 The Philadelphia Area (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa. , and Camden County, N. J. ). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. 5 Excludes lim ited-price variety stores. 6 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 W age T r e n d s f o r S e le c t e d O c c u p a t io n a l G r o u p s T a b u la t e d b e lo w a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s o f w o m e n o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , an d o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , the in d e x e s r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o r k , that i s , the s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u le f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , the in d e x e s m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h if t s . T h e in d e x e s a r e b a s e d on da ta f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t io n s and in c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p o r t a n t jo b s w ith in e a c h g r o u p . E ig h te e n jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the o f f i c e c l e r i c a l in d e x ; 10 s k i lle d m a in te n a n c e jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r in d e x e s . S e e fo o tn o te s to ta b le 2 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . T h e a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e th en m u lt ip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the j o b . T h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n s w e r e th en a d d e d to o b ta in an a g g r e g a te f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p . F i n a l l y , th e r a t io o f th e se g ro u p a g g r e g a t e s f o r a g iv e n y e a r to th e a g g r e g a t e f o r the b a s e y e a r (19 53 ) w as c o m p u t e d an d the r e s u lt m u lt ip lie d b y th e b a s e y e a r in d e x (100) to g e t the in d e x f o r the g iv e n y e a r . T h e in d e x e s m e a s u r e p r in c ip a lly the e f f e c t s o f ( l ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o th e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the s a m e jo b ; and (3) la b o r tu r n o v e r o r f o r c e e x p a n s io n o r r e d u c t io n . A fo .r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c if i c o c c u p a tio n and r e s u l t in a d r o p in the in d e x , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u ld h a v e the o p p o s it e e f f e c t . T h e in d e x e s a r e a l s o a f f e c t e d b y s h ift s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith d if f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . F o r e x a m p le , the m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b lis h m e n t o u t o f an a r e a c o u ld c a u s e the in d e x to d r o p , e v e n th ou gh no c h a n g e in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in o t h e r a r e a e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T h e u s e o f c o n s ta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a t e s the e ffe c t s o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b i n c lu d e d in the in d e x . N o r a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c e d b y ch a n g e s in s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s in c e th ey a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s . In d e x e s f o r the p e r i o d 1952 to 1955 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s , a p p e a r e d in BL.S B u ll. 11 72 , W a g e s and R e la te d B e n e f it s , 17 L a b o r M a r k e t s , 1 9 5 4 -5 5 . Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office c le rica l1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups in Philadelphia, Pa. , November 1954 and -November 1955 and percent of increase for selected periods Ind<exes Percent increases from— (October 1952 = 100) Industry and occupational group November 1954 October 1953 October 1952 October 1951 October 1951 November November to to to to to 1955 1954 November 1955 November 1954 October 1953 October 1952 November 1955 A ll industries: Office clerical (women) 114. 6 110. 8 3.4 3.4 7. 1 4. 6 19. 8 Skilled maintenance (men) _ __ 116.4 4.0 4. 4 111.9 7.2 5. 0 22.2 Unskilled plant (men) 115.5 109.0 6.0 4. 3 4. 5 7.3 23.9 Manufacturing: Office clerical (women) 114. 6 111.6 2. 8 4. 6 6. 6 5. 2 20. 6 Skilled maintenance (men) 115. 7 111.4 3.8 7. 2 3.9 5. 1 21.6 Unskilled plant (men) 107. 9 113.9 5. 5 4. 5 3.3 9.4 24! 6 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B ille rs , machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operator- receptionists Tabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators, general Typists, class A and B Based on data for the following jobs: Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics, automotive Millwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen /v. vccupanonai earnings 5 Table A>1: Office Occupation: (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF A ve EtAGB S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers S is s s s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ s s $ $ S Weekly Weekly 25. 00 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130 .00 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) and 3 5 .0 0 4 0 . 00 45 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r ! M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A ____________ M a n u fa ctu rin g N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * W h o le s a le tr a d e F in a n ce ** 646 397 249 41 86 74 38. 5 39. 0 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 38. 0 $ 8 2 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 88. 50 8 2 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _____________ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ F in a n c e * * 274 104 170 69 54 3 8 .5 39. 0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 36. 5 6 4 .0 0 68. 50 6 1 .5 0 64. 50 5 1 .0 0 C l e r k s , o r d e r ______________________________ .......... M a n u fa ctu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _______ ____________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________ _____ R e ta il tr a d e 2 529 171 358 271 74 39. 0 39. 0 39. 0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 71. 00 72. 00 71. 00 6 9 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ________________________ „ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ 165 142 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 7 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 O ffic e b o y s _________________________________ M anuf a ctu r in g ___________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u t i li t ie s * __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ R e ta il tra d e 2 _______________________ F in a n ce ** S e r v i c e s ____ __ ___________________ 801 370 431 34 66 58 198 75 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 38. 0 3 7 .5 39. 0 3 9 .0 37. 0 39. 0 4 2 .0 0 4 4 .5 0 3 9 .5 0 4 2 .0 0 4 5 .5 0 4 1 .5 0 3 7 .5 0 3 8 .0 0 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s „ _____ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _______ ____________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ F in a n ce * * ______________________ ____ 553 244 309 25 62 184 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 38. 0 39. 0 39. 0 3 7 .5 6 7 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 6 5 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 334 190 59 3 7 .5 38. 0 3 7 .0 35. 0 5 5 .5 0 5 7 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 5 0 .5 0 B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h i n e ). __________________________ __ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________ _____ R e ta il tr a d e 2 __ ___________________ 206 63 143 114 3 9 .5 "4 -6 .0 -' 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A ................._ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 386 213 173 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - 2 4 20 10 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 17 1 16 10 23 5 18 5 11 5 2 3 3 - - - - - - - - 10 10 - 10 16 16 3 8 2 - 4 70 46 24 - 64 26 38 61 30 31 86 57 29 10 7 3 66 42 24 3 5 15 69 54 15 1 8 5 64 37 27 22 2 - 42 28 14 1 4 8 24 3 21 2 4 3 2 1 1 - 7 1 6 5 - - - 13 ' 8 19 9 8 16 44 17 27 15 7 52 20 32 27 2 25 18 7 2 2 22 13 9 7 - 19 18 1 - 12 6 6 2 - 40 17 23 23 - 36 2 34 34 ~ 65 14 51 33 5 93 27 66 52 14 92 54 38 16 22 56 9 47 44 3 74 31 43 32 11 23 4 19 2 17 10 2 8 8 - 16 10 23 23 9 7 20 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 9 - - - - - * - - - 9 5 1 1 2 1 24 21 38 38 12 11 93 5 88 266 123 143 18 23 24 41 37 88 38 50 5 15 8 21 1 99 68 31 26 21 5 1 7 6 1 1 1 1 7 7 - - - - - - 21 3 7 - - - - - - - - - 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 32 7 25 1 23 55 21 34 1 1 27 87 33 54 5 6 33 I ll 64 37 27 2 10 10 43 27 16 1 6 7 49 19 30 4 13 10 35 8 27 10 11 6 17 17 - 4 4 - 1 1 " - - - - - - - - " 79 9 214 101 113 9 7 20 49 28 - 1 7 - 9 - - - - - 1 - 7 - 23 - - - - 1 7 23 19 1 18 1 17 - 8 6 2 2 38 9 29 15 54 24 30 13 42 17 25 17 66 27 39 “ 92 39 53 " 4 4 4 30 30 18 32 32 29 46 IT 33 31 38 16 22 11 21 16 5 4 28 12 16 16 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 19 1 18 48 27 21 123 91 32 82 38 44 53 18 35 24 10 14 - ■ - 16 35 2 1 20 38 24 14 3 10 1 27 20 7 1 6 - 12 5 7 7 5 2 _ _ 2 4 2 - 1 1 12 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - 13 3 10 9 1 3 3 4 2 _ _ - - _ 4 4 - 4 3 1 - - - - - _ _ - - 2 1 6 5 1 - - - - - - _ - - 1 - 2 2 - - 2 2 - _ - - - j _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - - - - - 16 10 6 6 4 2 2 5 1 4 2 2 _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h i n e ) _____ M a n u fa c tu r in g _____ ___________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ F in a n ce * * R 3 - - - - 54. 00 61. 00 5 0 .5 0 5 1 .0 0 - - - 61. 00 6 2 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 - - 12 - n, 12 12 4 ------- 4 ~ ~ ' 11 7 4 - 21 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “ “ - " - - - - - “ “ - " - - ~ “ ■ ■ - - - - - - - - - ■ - S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le . O cc u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., N o v e m b e r 1955 * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . B u rea u o f.L a b o r S ta tis tics 0 Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t-t im e w e e k ly h o u rs and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955) Average Sex, occu p a tion , and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- $ s $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ S s s $ Weekly Weekly 2 5 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 *7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 *130.00 hours earnings and and (Standard) (Standard) under 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r W om en - C ontinued B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B ____________________________________ 1,886 M an u factu rin g______________________ ___ — 5T N onm anufacturing ______________________ 1 ,5 6 9 W h olesa le tra d e _ . 193 R etail trad e 2 148 F in a n c e * * __ ________________________ 1, 197 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 7 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 $ 4 9 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 4 8 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 4 6 .5 0 _ _ - - - C le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s A _____________ 1, 138 M anufacturin g . . _ 477 N onm anufacturing _ .. 661 P u b lic u t i li t ie s * 59 75 W h olesa le t r a d e _____________________ R etail tra d e 2 __ _ . 135 F inan ce ** 324 S e r v ic e s . .... _ . ___ 68 3 7 .0 3 8 .0 3 6 .5 3 6 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 5 .0 3 8 .5 6 4 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 . _ C le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s B ___ __ M anufacturing N onm anufacturing P u b lic u t i li t ie s * _ W h olesa le t r a d e _____________________ R etail tra d e 2 ....... F inan ce ** __________________________ S e r v ic e s ..... . ... 2 ,0 1 5 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 7 .0 3 8 .5 5 2 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 6 4 .5 0 5 8 .0 0 4 9 .0 0 4 7 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 C le r k s , file , c la s s A M anufacturing _ N onm anufacturing ______________________ P u b lic u t i li t ie s * ____________________ W h olesa le tra d e __ F inan ce ** __________________________ 604 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .5 3 6 .0 3 9 .5 3 6 .5 5 6 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 3 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 5 0 .5 0 3 8 .0 _ 3970 ' 3 7 .5 3 6 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 6 .5 3 8 .0 4 1 .0 0 4 7 .5 0 ' 4 0 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 3 8 .5 0 3 9 .0 0 3 7 .5 0 — 1 ,4 4 9 85 241 617 424 82 324 37 59 199 C le r k s , file , c la s s B __________ ________ 2, 179 375 M anufacturin g __________________________ N onm anufacturing ______________________ 1 ,8 0 4 P u b lic u tilitie s * __ 50 W h olesa le tra d e ____________________ 205 R etail tra d e 315 F inan ce ** ____________________ __ 1 ,0 8 5 S e r v ic e s . ___________________________ 149 C le r k s , o r d e r _ ... . . . . . . . M an u factu rin g. . . . . . . N onm anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s * ____________________ W h olesa le tra d e _ R etail tra d e __ 661 315 346 60 87 193 3 9 .0 3S. 3 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 5 1 .5 0 5 3 .0 6 " 4 9 .5 0 4 8 .5 0 5 8 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 453 12 441 24 25 382 523 ------ S T 460 11 29 419 381 79 302 59 28 208 187 74 113 16 2l 62 122 42 80 40 22 18 44 17 27 14 7 4 19 3 16 11 1 4 22 11 11 5 6 - 5 5 5 - 5 5 5 - - - 125 16 109 3 6 100 - - - _ - _ - 109 8 101 10 76 15 133 28 105 9 18 75 3 184 70 114 18 11 21 59 5 163 74 89 4 12 21 33 19 188 100 88 13 7 32 25 11 152 55 97 15 16 18 38 10 60 28 32 2 10 5 11 4 78 74 4 1 1 1 1 35 31 4 2 2 - 14 8 6 4 2 - - 13 2 11 5 3 3 11 11 8 3 - - 1 9 2 7 5 2 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 - _ _ - - - - 13 13 7 6 - _ _ _ _ _ 19 19 _ 6 11 2 - 106 106 9 5 33 59 - 347 69 278 6 24 132 111 5 504 156 348 4 31 170 115 28 387 99 288 9 36 134 91 18 313 122 191 1 71 76 22 21 100 32 68 3 9 35 17 4 82 39 43 12 14 13 1 3 65 29 36 19 8 3 6 - 50 18 32 9 20 3 - 24 56 9 47 8 39 103 87 66 1 14 51 96 41 55 2 4 30 101 54 47 13 16 17 102 71 31 4 4 20 54 30 24 1 7 13 36 17 19 8 7 1 20 19 1 517 341 9T~ — n r 424 208 10 17 82 81 68 22 88 240 24 - 142 71 71 9 30 4 27 1 56 39 17 7 4 4 2 - 12 9 3 3 _ _ 2 2 1 1 _ 5 1 4 3 1 - - - - " . _ - - - - - - - - “ - 24 24 292 - _ _ _ . _ _ - 292 _ 47 211 34 n - 11 11 812 ~Z9 783 _ 6 170 517 90 69 30 39 6 33 See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . * T ra n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ** F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . 124 44 80 16 12 52 179 82 97 27 3 67 86 86 50 13 36 1 49 46 9 _ 2 1 36 28 13 _ 2 11 32 20 12 _ 2 10 13 9 4 _ 4 - - 49 29 20 1 12 7 6 - 6 3 3 2 2 - _ _ _ _ _ - - - " 1 1 _ - 1 1 1 - 7 7 7 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - - - - - - - - - - 7 7 _ 6 1 - 11 11 _ 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - . - - - " - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 5 5 5 . - - _ - _ . _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - . - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu died on an a r e a b a s is in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME; WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ Weekly Weekly 2 5 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) under 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 i S S $ $ S s * S t s $ 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 n o .00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 and 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 LOO.00 105.00 110.00 115 .00 120.00 125.00 130.00 o v e r W om en - C on tin u ed C le r k s , p a y r o ll M a n u fa ctu rin g _ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u tilit ie s * R e ta il tr a d e _ F in a n ce ** ... S e r v ic e s ............................ 1 ,4 4 1 — 444 123 _ _ 106 105 50 wr~ 3 8 .0 3B.TT" 3 7 .5 3 7 .5 3 8 .5 3 5 .0 3 8 .5 $ 5 8 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 5 8 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 5 6 .0 0 _ _ . _ _ _ _ 6 6 _ - - - C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s . ... M an u factu rin g N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e ... _ . R e ta il tra d e 2 ____ F in a n c e * * _ 1 ,0 7 4 286 788 192 444 121 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 6 .0 5 4 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 5 2 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 . _ _ - 6 6 _ 6 - D u p lic a tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (m im e o g r a p h o r d itto) M anuf a ctu r ing N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ ._______ 172 104 68 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 4 8 .5 0 5 1 . do 4 4 .5 0 - _ - - - . . _ - - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ . . _ - . _ . . - - - - - - “ - - - - - - _ - _ _ - . . - . - - - - - - _ - _ " . " 13 9 15 12 3 3 - 8 6 2 2 - 225 154 71 11 11 42 6 278 193 85 6 22 23 10 159 133 26 9 2 5 - 112 83 29 5 _ 11 6 42 32 10 9 _ 1 - 29 26 3 _ 1 _ 12 8 3 _ 1 _ 14 6 8 1 2 _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ 5 4 1 1 _ _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 5 _ 5 _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ - 173 TOO73 15 27 9 22 - - - - - - - 28 2 26 •_ 16 10 93 2 91 7 54 29 215 29 186 62 80 37 200 39 161 30 99 25 236 97 139 24 100 11 146 53 93 31 45 8 101 42 59 26 32 1 25 14 11 3 7 - 15 7 8 6 2 - 8 1 7 3 2 - 1 _ 1 _ 1 - _ _ - _ . _ - - " _ _ - 22 3 19 39 17 22 38 23 15 41 34 7 20 TB 2 6 4 2 6 5 1 " - - - - - - - " - " - - _ _ - _ - 188 ----155 20 21 4 99 245 ST 160 24 5 7 113 303 138 165 8 30 21 83 210 97 113 4 34 22 52 215 115 100 15 55 5 25 104 71 33 4 18 4 7 42 28 14 6 4 4 30 12 18 4 14 - 3 1 2 1 1 - 11 11 11 - - 72 TO 62 _ _ 7 44 - - - - " - - . - 27 27 20 155 ~T5 105 75 121 59 62 10 77 57 20 1 14 13 1 - 17 17 - 2 2 - 3 3 - _ _ _ _ _ - " - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 367 163 264 _ 41 26 172 31 361 12 36 47 240 26 901 435 466 11 95 44 247 69 741 142 299 14 66 42 152 25 663 394 269 9 99 37 111 13 624 376 248 18 45 29 126 30 352 239 113 21 14 22 51 5 234 1"53 81 14 6 21 35 5 118 100 18 5 1 5 2 5 129 86 43 13 8 10 9 3 90 65 25 23 2 - 36 15 21 16 1 4 - 128 20 108 6 9 19 61 13 54 41 13 9 4 _ - - 51 _ 51 _ _ 8 37 6 569 _ _ _ _ - - - 30 13 17 15 2 - _ . _ _ _ _ _ . 101 _ 101 405 117 288 25 9 21 224 9 685 807 438 369 49 78 60 106 76 670 472 198 20 52 31 84 11 536 3*7 179 36 65 8 65 5 250 202 48 11 26 10 1 104 52 52 19 33 _ - 63 47 16 5 6 5 13 3 10 4 6 - 14 8 6 3 3 - 10 10 10 - 1 1 1 - ' - 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 5 4 .0 0 5T 56 5 2 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 4 8 .5 0 _ . - O ffic e g i r l s __________________________________ M an u factu rin g _ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g F in a n ce * * _______________________ ___ 426 ZoT 225 115 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 3 6 .0 4 1 .0 0 4 4 .0 0 3 9 .0 0 3 7 .0 0 10 10 9 S e c r e t a r ie s _________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g .. .. N on m a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u t ilitie s * W h o le s a le tr a d e R e ta il tra d e 2 _ F in a n ce * * ____________________________ S e r v ic e s ... 5, 123 2 ,7 1 7 2 ,4 0 6 195 426 307 1 ,2 4 7 231 3 8 .0 38. § 3 7 .5 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 3 8 .5 7 0 .5 0 ’TTT50~ 6 6 .5 0 8 9 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 . _ _ S ten ogra p h ers, gen eral 4 ,5 5 6 M a n u fa c tu r in g _______________ __________ 2 ,4 0 2 N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ 2, 154 P u b lic u t ilit ie s * 263 W h o le s a le tr a d e 413 R e ta il tr a d e 2 247 F in a n ce ** 1 ,0 3 9 S e r v ic e s ______________________________ 192 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 6 .5 3 7 .5 5 6 .5 0 ■59". 60 5 3 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 18 4 68 11 JJ~— S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s , ** F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . _ _ _ _ _ . 242 163 79 44 18 12 5 _ - K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s 1 ,4 2 3 M an u factu rin g — N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ 833 _ 97 P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ___ W h o le s a le tr a d e 182 70 R e ta il tr a d e 2 __ _______________ ___ F in a n ce ** 427 5W~ 1 _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 131 84 47 22 22 2 1 897 T04~ ' 5 6 2 '" 481 395 37 44 66 50 51 62 295 196 32 43 2W~ _ _ - - - - _ 1 4 4 - _ - - _ - - _ - 8 Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 195 5) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING! STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average Sex, o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) * S Weekly 2 5 . 00 3 0 . 00 earnings and (Standard) u n d e r 3 0 . 00 3 5 . 00 $ $ $ 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 * 5 0. 0 0 * 5 5 . 0 0 * 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 S 70. 00 S s $ * $ s 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 * 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 * 1 0 5 .0 0 * 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 * 1 2 0 .0 0 * 1 2 5 .0 0 * 1 3 0 .0 0 and 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0. 00 5 5. 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l - — __________ „ M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------- 254 212 38. 5 39. 0 6 6 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ------------- ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ ____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ________ ______ __________ F i n a n c e * * ____ __________ ______________ S e r v i c e s ____________________________________ 920 269 651 38. 5 39. 0 38. 0 39. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 37. 0 39. 0 5 5 .0 0 6 3 . 50 5 1 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 4 7 .0 0 5 0 . 50 4 3 .5 0 S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ______ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ __ _______________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ________ „ — __ ______ S e r v i c e s ______ ___________________________ 919 521 398 38. 0 38. 0 38. 0 38. 5 3 8 .0 38. 5 38. 5 T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _____________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ ______ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g „ ---------------- __ ______ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____ ___________________ F i n a n c e * * ____ __ ______________ ______ 479 168 311 50 169 38. 39. 38. 38. 37. T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l — __ ---------------- „ __ ---------------- __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ______ ______ __________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ ___________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____ — — — ______ F i n a n c e * * ____ __ __ — __ ______ __ 762 263 499 185 212 T y p i s t s ,* c l a s s A _________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g — --------- „ --------- --------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g — ----------------------------- __ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____ __ ______________ F in a n c e * * — __ — „ __________ __ S e r v i c e s ______ ______ _______ ____ _________ T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ___ __ __________ __ __ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ _ ______________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e ___ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 _____________________________ F in a n c e * * _ _ _ _ _ _ __ S e r v i c e s ____________________________________ 15 5 50 37 56 49 51 49 26 25 31 31 18 14 3 1 128 15 1 13 1 3 33 53 23 154 34 120 2 13 28 61 16 1 23 37 86 18 2 15 47 4 149 63 86 29 29 7 15 6 103 73 30 13 12 _ 5 32 11 21 18 3 - 24 18 6 6 - 3 1 2 2 - 20 15 5 5 - - - “ - 276 136 140 4 81 20 35 223 148 75 2 33 13 11 160 97 63 10 23 10 20 1 25 82 43 12 13 13 5 65 43 22 10 11 - 7 6 1 - - 1 1 1 - - " 137 30 107 5 40 62 17 45 7 24 91 42 49 32 16 1 2 - - - - - _ 9 - 71 71 - 104 2 102 3 56 23 20 6 _ 46 8 38 1 5 - - 9 - - 5 2 .5 0 5 4 . 00 5 1 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 0 . 50 5 3 . 00 5 0 .5 0 - _ - - - - 9 5 0 0 5 5 6 1 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 5 7 . 50 6 4 . 50 5 5 . 50 - 2 - 2 - 20 - 16 - 2 - 2 - 20 - 16 _ - 2 2 12 16 75 16 59 5 50 38. 38. 38. 39. 36. 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 5 0 . 00 5 3 .5 0 4 6 . 50 - 3 - 80 - 3 _ - 3 80 36 38 89 7 82 20 54 220 96 124 24 59 131 62 69 22 31 56 19 37 10 18 93 33 60 41 6 1 ,4 1 9 514 905 76 656 54 38. 39. 37. 38. 37. 38. 0 5 5 5 0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 5 6 . 50 5 0 .0 0 5 5 . 00 346 58 288 7 240 15 351 101 250 257 103 154 35 98 6 4 , 1 45 1 ,5 0 9 2 ,6 3 6 139 300 308 1 ,7 4 1 148 3 8 .0 39. 0 37. 5 37. 5 4 6 .0 0 4 9 . 50 4 4 . 00 5 2 . 50 4 9 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 4 2 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 936 645 312 333 26 93 102 98 14 284 215 69 12 21 89 70 153 223 116 39 172 57 80 39. 5 3 9 .0 36. 5 39. 5 . - - _ _ _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ 14 10 47 16 16 - 27 - 3 3 _ 27 - 81 81 - 3 26 53 - - - 75 - 641 60 581 1 _ 1338 413 925 13 110 75 658 75 _ . 2 73 66 498 16 69 349 587 53 52 54 391 37 19 185 18 8 20 8 - - - . . . - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " " ~ _ . _ . . . . _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " " 27 17 10 1 7 24 23 1 - 7 7 - 7 7 - 2 2 - - 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - “ ■ - - “ - - 65 37 28 19 3 16 5 11 8 4 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 - - - - - - - 247 193 54 7 31 10 64 33 31 2 20 18 14 4 3 _ 13 6 7 2 - - - 5 - 134 89 45 25 12 1 3 4 46 35 11 6 5 _ _ 39 34 5 3 2 _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ - 5 - _ _ _ _ _ . . ! ; i i 1 2 2 - - - - - ’ - - - - - - - - - 8 2 6 1 - 4 4 - _ _ _ _ _ . . . . - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . . . . . _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ . _ _ - 5 _ 5 _ - 1 H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 E x clu d e s lim it e d -p r ic e v a r ie t y s t o r e s . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . ** F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . 1 1 - | i - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) Average Sex, o c c u p a t io n , NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Number of a n d in d u s t r y d i v is i o n workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 80. 00 " under 5 5. 00 6 0 .0 0 “ “ _ " ” ~ ” 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 $ 8 5 . 00 $ S 9 0 . 00 r $ $ s $ !# s s s $ $ $ S 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 5 . 0 0 “ " ~ “ 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 “ ■ “ “ “ 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 * ~ o o $ $ and 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 over M en $ D r a f t s m e n , l e a d e r _______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________ 175 158 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 1 3 2 .5 0 1 3 2 .5 0 D r a f t s m e n , s e n i o r _______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________ 1, 3 0 9 1, 1 8 0 129 27 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 9 7 .5 0 9 7 . 50 9 7 .5 0 9 4 . 00 D r a f t s m e n , j u n i o r _______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________ 624 577 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 3 . 00 7 3 . 00 330 241 89 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 38. 0 7 2 . 50 7 4 . 00 6 8 .5 0 - - - - - _ _ _ - _ - - - " - - - - 6 5 9 " 9 - 28 28 - 29 29 - 23 22 1 92 86 6 12 3 114 - 2 126 105 21 8 118 102 16 7 120 85 35 1 43 37 6 - 116 110 6 3 156 146 10 - 62 54 8 2 4 24 8 42 44 1 17 T06 87 87 I ll 64 99 59 48 48 17 14 6 6 19 16 4 43 53 48 11 1 10 17 11 65 57 45 12 62 45 17 35 31 18 16 17 17 4 21 39 25 14 _ 44 6 1 1 - _ / - ! 9 3 23 18 16 13 27 27 23 22 47 44 113 110 3 3 25 23 2 - - - - 6 6 - _ - 19 17 19 17 37 39 36 39 12 10 1 - 2 - " - - _ - - 9 9 12 11 _ _ - - - - - - * 12 10 i - _ - - _ " W om en N u r s e s , i n d u s t r i a l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ____________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ __ ______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ 2 4 6 - 2 2 2 “ - - - _ . _ _ _ - - - - - - - ■ “ “ ! - - " " " _ 1 H o u r s r e f l e c t t h e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s at $ 4 5 t o $ 5 0 . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . T a b le A -3 : M a in te n a n c e and P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a t io n s ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Average hourly earnings C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ----------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------- — -------- — P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ---------------------------------------- 993 687 306 43 157 2 . 37 2 . 31 2 . 51 2 . 18 2 .9 2 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ __ __ _____ — 1 ,5 9 9 1 ,3 4 6 253 79 104 2 . 35 2 . 36 2 . 35 2 . 34 2 .6 9 O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n $ PnKlir n filifioe ♦ R e t a i l t r a d e 2_ __ __ __ __ __ __ — E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y _______________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g — -------- -------- __ -------N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g __ __ __ __ __ -------PnKlir ntilitipc ♦ R e ta il t r a d e 2 __ __ _________ — F in a n ce * * _____ _____ __ __ _____ S ervices __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ __ 1, 181 790 391 28 86 121 134 S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x clu d in g r a il r o a d s ), * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . 2 . 08 2. 15 1 .9 4 2 . 00 2 . 21 1. 84 1 .7 9 $ U n d e r 1. op *1. 10 and $ und er 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 . . $ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 40 * 1 .5 0 * 1 .6 0 * 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 . 9 0 *2 . 00 *2 . 10 *2 . 20 *2 . 30 * 2 . 4 0 * 2 . 5 0 *2 . 60 * 2 . 70 * 2 . 80 *2 . 90 * 3 . 00 *3 . 10 * 3 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 . 50 2 .6 0 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 .9 0 4 3 4 1 3 - 26 10 16 - 20 18 2 - 86 68 18 3 118 60 58 20 14 145 129 16 1 8 112 89 23 9 12 80 62 18 5 13 26 24 2 - 14 13 1 - 106 106 - 61 57 4 4 _ . - - - - - - - “ - - 138 127 11 9 208 20 3 5 1 20 7 163 44 79 72 7 6 62 61 1 148 125 23 23 43 35 8 21 21 3 1 2 2 41 8 21 2 149 140 27 13 14 43 18 25 27 13 14 50 39 11 - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 12 1 11 - " - - - - 27 19 8 1 6 _ - 6 6 4 1 3 15 1 14 2 2 5 3 2 12 9 3 98 69 29 5 110 85 25 14 10 379 351 28 21 _ _ 20 72 - 1 3 19 69 97 71 26 92 50 42 83 67 16 3 3 2 103 78 25 5 266 - 86 40 46 9 3 45 21 16 28 49 1 6 1 15 3 11 ~ - - - _ - _ - - _ - _ _ 1 - - - - 1 _ _ 1 _ _ - - - - - " “ “ c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s , - 3 - - 3 1 3 22 1 25 16 2 11 4 7 194 72 2 9 1 9 - 2 15 1 9 - 3 _ 11 8 6 2 46 46 - _ 3 .0 0 7 7 - 3 . 10 $ 3 . 30 * 3 . 4 0 3 .2 0 3 . 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 24 24 - 122 6 116 _ 101 _ _ - 3 3 _ 3 _ _ - 29 10 19 _ - 19 _ - - - _ - 30 30 - - - _ 3 2 2 2 - 2 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ “ “ - - - - - " _ O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1 95 5 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 10 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in P h il a d e lp h ia , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 95 5) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ 1. 82 1. 87 1. 58 1. 87 1.68 6 6 - - - - _ - 3 3 - - - _ _ 1 1 1 - M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------- 1 ,2 5 3 1, 124 2 . 37 2 . 35 _ _ _ - - - M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ___ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______ __ __ _____ __ __ * N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ __ _________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________ tra rip P traH p ^ 998 29 2 706 356 181 128 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 19 20 19 15 32 17 _ _ _ - - - M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ _________ __ __ __ __ _________ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ __ R e t a il traH p ^ 1 ,8 0 5 1,621 184 68 2. 2. 2. 2. 27 26 32 15 P a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __ _____ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _____________ ___ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ___ __ __ ____ __ F in a n c e * * __ __ _____ __ _____ __ 1 .7 0 1 . 80 20 13 7 6 88 81 7 3 139 123 16 9 - - - 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 24 24 38 38 5 5 - - - - " - - - - - - - - 351 339 12 6 6 13 4 9 9 262 262 _ 43 43 42 42 59 59 210 210 94 94 64 64 9 9 54 54 3 3 61 61 92 88 126 110 202 192 157 144 54 54 113 100 11 11 - 20 7 13 2 5 19 9 10 4 4 2 290 110 180 157 179 45 134 79 36 19 81 31 50 2 34 6 109 17 92 8 84 14 218 44 174 70 12 87 209 203 6 6 150 144 6 6 318 263 55 46 275 254 21 7 114 113 1 - - - - _ _ _ - - - 5 5 - 2 2 2 19 19 - 2 .5 0 49 49 76 76 24 24 _ - 2 .4 0 14 11 3 3 7 7 - _ - 2 . 30 12 12 - 1 1 _ _ - 2.20 74 52 22 2 20 377 196 181 120 35 26 - _ 2 . 10 90 83 7 7 481 288 193 173 4 12 _ - 2 . 00 190 175 15 5 10 389 263 126 120 5 1 189 165 24 12 - - $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 .9 0 *2 . 0 0 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 80 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3. 10 3. 20 3 . 30 3 . 4 0 115 82 33 12 3 18 58 29 29 3 21 2 _ - 500 49 5 1.60 _ 2 . 19 2 . 19 O i l e r s ___________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- -------------------------- -------- 50 150 120 30 24 ]. _ 605 605 2 . 26 2 . 26 $ 1 .7 0 46 34 12 7 - M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g — ------------------------------------- 500 49 5 - $ 1 .6 0 21 14 7 5 1 1. 90 1 .9 4 1. 81 1. 83 1. 81 1. 87 M i l l w r i g h t s __ ___________________________ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __ — _________ _____ 18 6 12 - $ 1 .5 0 51 26 25 3 4 2 , 357 1 ,7 0 5 652 470 74 64 - 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 1 1 - H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _____ __ ____ __ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ _____ _________ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ___ _________________ W h o l e s a le t r a d e ___ _________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ----- -------------- -------------- - 24 2 22 1 $ 1. 30 o O' 942 794 148 29 62 $ $ $ U n d e i 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 and $ 1 .0 0 in d e r 1. 10 1 . 2 0 1 .3 0 o 00 F i r e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r -----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------- __ — -------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g — ~ — -------------- __ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 ---------------------------- -------- Average hourly earnings V>’~( O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers 19 19 - 40 40 - 69 64 5 _ 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 . 00 _ _ - - 160 160 148 80 14 10 - 41 6 35 32 7 7 - 16 16 - _ _ - 103 64 39 51 47 4 267 26 2 5 \ 154 112 42 2 3. 70 3 . 30 . _ - - - - _ 3 . 1Q 3 .5 0 - - - " " _ _ _ _ 3 .4 0 " ' _ - 3 3 5 5 36 36 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 2 2 - 3 3 - 12 12 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - ~ - - - - - 18 18 34 34 9 8 109 109 152 150 34 34 125 124 18 18 - - - - - - - - 1. 73 1. 73 _ 8 8 3 3 6 6 92 92 _ 60 60 108 108 60 56 32 32 67 67 15 15 7 7 _ 12 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " 30 29 - - - - - - - - - 677 359 318 105 101 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. _ _ - _ 10 10 _ 9 9 _ 36 36 _ 20 27 27 _ 23 50 8 42 _ 42 38 34 4 _ 2 37 29 8 4 68 13 55 33 7 133 112 21 3 1 74 32 42 41 1 19 12 7 7 10 10 - 55 34 21 21 32 32 - 71 43 28 - 7 7 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e - __ — M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ ___ __ _____ _______ ___ 998 94 3 2 . 37 2 . 37 85 85 49 46 226 226 84 63 82 82 76 76 35 34 226 2 26 73 46 _ 1 _ - 6 6 _ - 2 1 1 - 14 14 P l u m b e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __ _____ __ __ „ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g — __ „ __ _ __ 106 70 2 . 11 2 . 02 _ _ _ 1 7 - 6 2 4 3 10 4 3 - 6 3 7 " 20 16 _ - 1 1 - - S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g 215 189 2 .2 8 2 . 27 _ 1 1 12 10 25 13 56 56 28 26 35 35 21 20 9 8 1 ,9 0 3 1 ,9 0 1 2 .4 9 2 .4 9 25 25 68 68 52 52 67 67 108 106 149 149 22 4 22 4 736 73 6 T o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ 1 2 3 * ** _ „ __ __ __ _____ _______ 14 26 01 23 73 - - - - - - 1 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 8 8 7 7 _ _ - 5 5 - - 18 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - - - - - - E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts . E x clu d e s lim i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie t y s t o r e s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60. T ra n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . - - - - - 30 1 30 4 4 _ _ - 5 5 _ - 2 2 - - 10 10 9 2 6 6 _ _ _ 1 _ _ - - - - - - 318 318 44 44 77 77 _ 35 35 - _ _ - - - - - i n - 11 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s is in P h il a d e lp h ia , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n E le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a s s e n g e r (m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 3 --------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------- Number of workers Average hourly earnings 854 146 708 1 24 52 7 $ 1 .3 8 1 .4 8 1 .3 6 1. 31 1. 37 367 313 1. 19 1. 13 $ $ $ 0 . 60 0 . 70 0 . 80 0 . 9 0 an d unde i . 80 . 70 •90 1 . 0 0 % - 15 15 - 1 1 - 6 6 6 - - - - 26 26 76 76 25 25 1 $ 1.00 $ $ 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 $ 1 .3 0 % 1 .4 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1 . 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 50 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 . 9 0 3 . 00 3. 10 and 1.10 1.20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 . 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2.20 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 . 50 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 . 00 3 .1 0 37 12 25 _ 25 64 9 55 41 71 2 69 8 61 282 18 264 102 161 201 10 191 - 104 45 59 7 50 50 50 - 9 9 - 13 13 - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - _ - - _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 13 32 23 10 10 103 102 42 31 26 3 3 2 4 1 8 3 74 44 30 30 153 105 48 29 138 104 34 34 414 395 19 19 201 16 5 36 1 102 96 g g 4 4 171 171 17 1T - - - - - - - - - 38 2 303“ 79 15 40 24 588 451 157 153 4 60 54 6 27 24 3 8 6 2 - - - - - - - - - - g 3 2 - - “ - " - - - * 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 189 over E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r 31 G u a r d s --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------- 1 ,6 2 6 1 , 1 SO 476 415 1. 67 1 . 79 1 .3 7 1 .3 2 6 , 591 3 , 649 2 ,9 4 2 556 176 893 659 658 1 .4 3 1. 53 1 .3 1 1 .6 5 1 .4 0 1 .2 3 1 .3 3 1 .0 8 3, 505 817 2 ,6 8 8 176 69 317 1 6 74 * 452 1 . 11 ?Q I1 . C 7 1 .0 6 1 .4 2 .9 6 • QQ 77 1 .0 6 QQ •7 7 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g --------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e 3------------------------------------------ 1 1 ,5 4 3 7, 770 3 , 773 595 1 , 1 24 2 , 030 1 .6 5 1 .6 7 1 .6 1 1. 84 1. 57 1 .5 7 O r d e r f i l l e r s ___ __ _____ ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g — -------------- ------------W h o le s a le tr a d e — _____ _ _ _ _ _ R e t a i l t r a d e 3 ---- -------------- -------- _ 2 ,6 8 5 1. 71 1 ,7 9 7 1 ,0 0 8 499 1. 72 1. 63 88 16 ^ 72 72 41 8 33 32 110 12 98 98 113 13 100 94 348 82 266 468 11 4 354 34 g 21 118 3 489 180 309 15 6 27 12 249 518 185 333 16 8 216 74 19 892 167 725 51 19 18 8 414 53 676 547 129 23 17 47 39 3 945 749 196 34 23 82 57 1055 775 280 249 17 4 ~ “ 278 109 169 4 g 335 100 43 57 48 _ 210 120 90 74 - 13 4 1 26 8 . - 30 25 5 g 16 g 362 238 124 _ 918 459 459 4 131 324 1054 843 - - - - 3 3 13 3 10 119 29 90 - 10 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ----------------------------------- S e r v ic e s ------------------------------------------------ J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ---------------------------------------------------------M a n U Ia L tU rin g 1■■■ —— —— — — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------ --------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ----------------------------------F in a n ce 888 1.68 1.66 3 - 50 124 21 132 44 157 46 71 6 - 71 - 12 182 41 141 - 240 46 194 4 1857 83 1774 5 g 18 24 1 71 33 85 1 48 50 1212 _ _ 25 25 _ _ 224. 91 133 133 179 70 109 _ 97 295 117 17 8 84 94 502 193 309 _ 253 50 31 13 18 18 65 42 23 14 143 34 109 59 47 2 37 56 181 170 1 - - - 22 6 86 20 159 10 38 ■g - 32 32 - - t\ 1 1 - 378 S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . 159 IS'8 147 15 4 14 114U T - 11 48 1 416 65 - 8 57 130 30 100 82 18 16 104 75 8 67 50 17 69 9 60 30 30 211 1 1337 1 26 9 68 15 10 30 179 42 101 20 178 166 81 5 76 12 7 5 298 1805 1451 354 56 245 53 1 93 2 1257 675 443 16 5 67 1538 640 73 40 78 5 44 167 60 107 104 3 38 6 27 9 107 90 17 512 36 476 263 213 325 39 286 57 17 898 154 144 1 99 159 130 29 29 " 20 18 2 1 1 102 24 63 39 13 23 15 1 8 12 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 - - - - - - - - “ ■ ■ " " - - 85 24 61 57 6 11 2 2 _ 5 _ 16 _ 16 _ 402 387 15 1 4 17 5 2 8 - 8 _ 1 1 2 2 _ 4 _ 1 4 4 _ _ O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P h il a d e l p h i a , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 12 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 195 5) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ 1.56 1.64 1.37 1.40 1.31 P ackers, shipping (men) ------ ----------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------W holesale trade ------------------------------------Retail trade 3 -------------------------------------------- 1,864 1, 315 549 356 193 P a ckers, shipping (women) -------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------Retail trade 3 -------------------------------- 381 310 1.27 1.50 1.09 1. 10 Receiving clerks -----------------------------------M anu factu ring ------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ---------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e --------------------------------------Retail trade 3 -------------------------------- 933 542 391 138 221 1.71 1.85 1.54 1. 70 1.43 Shipping clerks --------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------Wholesale t r a d e ---------------------------- 589 447 142 85 1.85 1.88 1. 75 1.83 Shipping and receiving clerks --------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------N onm anufacturing ----------------------------------------Wholesale t r a d e --------------------------------------Retail trade 3 -------------------------------------------- 361 145 216 66 138 1.94 1.00 1.96 2. 13 1.90 T ruckdrivers 5 ----------------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------Public utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------Retail trade 3 -------------------------------------------- 7,048 2, 193 4, 855 1,950 2,0 6 8 713 2. 08 2 .0 7 2.09 2. 00 2.20 2 .0 5 T ru ckd rivers, light (under lVa tons) ----------------------------------------------------------M anu factu ring------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 657 l50 507 1.92 1.85 1.94 2,693 1,155 1,538 696 594 215 2. 07 2. 10 2.05 2.02 2 ! 15 1.95 T ru ckd rivers, medium (lVz to and including 4 tons) ----------------------------M anu factu ring-------------- _---------------N onm anufacturing------------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------Retail trade 3 --------------------------------------- 676 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0.60 0. 70 0.80 0. 90 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1. 60 1. 70 1.80 1 .90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 and under . 70 . 80 20 1.00 1 . 1 0 1.20 1,30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2.30 11 - - - - - - 8 3 2 1 35 24 11 6 5 65 23 42 10 32 74 52 22 202 81 121 97 24 172 62 110 60 50 121 65 56 20 36 130 1 19 11 1 10 313 393 207 310 '2 9 0 “ 207 3 103 _ 98 5 3 25 24 1 18 25 25 1 21 13 8 5 3 6 24 6 — rr 6 - _ - _ - - 19 13 6 5 1 4 4 23 23 3 3 - - _ _ _ . - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ 2 1 1 1 - 3 6 3 -------T1 3 _ _ - - - _ _ - - - - 76 54 73 73 73 121 38 83 40 38 38 38 60 6 54 54 32 17 15 15 17 1 16 16 103 89 14 14 126 120 6 6 26 67 29 38 15 23 62 26 7 19 60 5 55 13 40 62 5 45 101 14 87 20 67 82 69 13 5 8 129 118 11 7 4 118 101 17 10 7 65 57 8 4 4 78 30 48 46 - 80 70 10 4 - 23 22 1 4 2 2 1 10 7 3 " 6 2 4 - 24 6 18 - 30 109 14 r 76“ 31 16 27 14 96 80 16 85 78 7 7 60 54 6 6 85 67 18 16 24 20 4 - 4 2 2 " 18 3 15 14 28 5 5 4 _ - - 4 16 9 7 45 32 13 16 13 3 2 1 37 19 18 11 3 101 23 78 23 55 33 25 8 33 33 30 3 15 11 4 3 3 - - - 4 3 3 - 720 115 605 576 5 2 145 88 57 5 25 5 3197 W o 2197 1208 638 329 768 1007 448 4r 72 7 559 60 22 353 537 314 - 210 118 92 4 88 534 11b 424 8 405 4 2 2 28 20 8 8 - - - - 42 22 20 39 17 22 377 l2 365 6 6 - 235 67 168 155 31 24 1198 455 763 2 483 138 5 142 339 7 330 56 250 24 76 _ _ 7 _ - - _ - - - - - 21 17 4 1 3 - - 7 _ _ _ - - " _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - _ - 2 41 13 57 54 3 2 60 35 25 3 115 107 8 3 21 98 58 60 4 5 35 33 3 30 20 19 61 56 5 4 6 6 6 _ _ _ - - 6 - - * - _ - - _ - _ - _ - . _ - _ - - - - _ - 36 10 26 15 6 - - - - - - 41 5 36 4 6 7 49 7 42 - - - - - - - - - - 25 10 15 23 5 18 6 14 12 2 25 8 I7 - - - - - 11 11 18 18 - 1 1 34 57 27 7 v r _ _ 6 „ _ _ _ 7 _ 28 _ . _ 7 - 28 _ - 1 _ 2 - 6 9 - $ % $ 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.00 3.10 over and 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 - S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . 93 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 $ - 1 28 - 3 3 - 1 - - - - _ - _ - _ * _ _ _ - - . - - . - _ * 3 3 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ - - - 1 r 1 1 _ _ _ - - - 4 1 3 - _ 2 2 . _ - - - 14 - — 14 14 3 5 _ - - - _ - - - - _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 - - - - _ - - 6 6 - 30 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 - - - - - - - 617 432 185 31 16 15 60 60 - - - - - _ . _ - - 185 15 _ _ _ _ 11 - - _ _ - _ _ 13 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in P h il a d e lp h ia , P a . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n of workers hourly earnings $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 . 6 0 0. 70 0 . 80 0 . 9 0 1 . 0 0 1. 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1 . 8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 and under .7 0 . 80 .9 0 1 . 0 0 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1. 7 0 1 . 80 1 . 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 . 50 2 . 6 0 % % 2 .6 0 - 2 .7 0 - 2 .7 0 $ $ $ $ 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 00 3 . 10 - 2 . 80 - 2 .9 0 3. 00 and 3 . 10 ove T r u c k d r i v e r s 5 - C o n t in u e d T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a i l e r t y p e ) __________ .___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________ 1, 322 150 1, 172 86 8 $ 2 . 18 2 . 05 2 . 19 2 .2 7 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (o v e r 4 to n s, o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ___________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________ 1 ,7 2 9 390 1, 339 659 37 0 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______ ______________ R e ta il tra d e 3 1, 868 1 ,4 2 4 444 198 179 1 .8 3 1. 80 1 .9 2 1 .9 7 1 .9 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 317 1 .7 7 1 .7 6 - - - - ■ ■ ■ ■ 2 , 055 1, 241 814 246 111 224 156 77 1 .4 0 1 .4 8 1 .2 8 1 .4 2 1. 12 1. 35 1 .2 9 .9 0 75 75 39 16 23 71 21 50 63 35 28 - 182 72 110 68 3 26 12 1 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ W a t c h m e n ______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________ R e t a il t r a d e 3 . _ Finance ** _________________________ S ervices ___________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 * ** 07 05 08 05 12 - - - - " - - - - - . - - - - - 204 204 - 13 13 - 351 120 2 31 213 156 17 139 57 192 26 3 80 - - - - - - - 192 192 26 26 380 380 - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - 42 42 - 1 1 1 24 22 2 2 ' " " - 56 5 51 4 47 83 50 33 8 25 4 2 2 2 " 1 1 - ■ 22 22 22 “ 1 1 - ~ 190 190 4 46 14 14 14 ■ 1034 211 823 406 24 7 28 20 8 8 ~ 183 1 182 177 5 32 29 3 3 * 8 6 2 2 “ - - ■ “ _ ■ ■ 6 6 6 _ 1 1 _ 6 6 _ 34 19 15 _ 106 105 1 1 144 141 3 3 260 209 51 51 187 184 3 3 297 295 2 _ 489 295 194 170 24 213 103 110 22 52 71 21 50 6 44 8 8 52 52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 1 - - _ - - . - - - - - ~ ■ 5 4 35 34 69 69 100 100 45 45 24 23 35 33 1 1 9 8 31 8 177 141 36 2 68 145 123 12 2 31 78 169 319 212 107 41 2 53 10 1 243 181 62 44 10 4 4 100 97 54 43 34 1 8 63 54 9 1 8 48 44 4 4 ) . / - _ - - _ 59 _ - - 5 3 6 9 - 16 1 49 3 2 22 1 _ - 84 21 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data lim ited to men w ork ers except where otherwise indicated. E xcludes lim ite d -p rice variety s tores. Includes 1 w orker at under $ 0 .6 0 . Includes all d riv e rs reg a rd less of size and type of truck operated. Transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. 23 6 9 5 3 16 9 7 - - - - 14 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions T a b le B -1 : S h ift D iffe r e n tia l P r o v is io n s 1 P ercent of manufacturing plant w o rk e rs— (a) In establishm ents having form al p rov ision s fo r— Shift differential Second shift w ork Total __ ...... ....... With shift pay differential .............._ ____________ ____________________ __________ U niform cents (per hour) 4 cents ______________________________________________ 5 cents ______________________________________________ 5 V3 cents _____________ _____________________________ 6 cents ______________________________________________ 7 cents ______________________________________________ 7 V2 cents _________________________________________;___ 8 cents 9 cents ______________________________________________ 10 cents ______________________________________________ 12 or I 2 V2 cents Over 121/?. cents U niform percentage Third o r other shift work (b) A ctually working on— Second shift T hird o r other shift 81.8 74.3 15.5 4 .7 75.9 73.4 14.1 4 .7 3 3.4 29.2 6.1 2 .6 .3 11.2 .6 6 .1 1 .4 3.7 .9 6 .5 .7 1.9 _ 2 .7 .6 .3 .1 2 .4 .1 > 1.0 .1 _ .4 .5 .1 1.0 .2 .3 _ 1.2 .6 2.1 14.9 5.1 1.6 .1 .1 .2 1. 1 .7 t .3 37.5 35.8 6 .7 1.2 5 p e r c e n t __________________________________________ 7, 7 V4 or 7 V2 percent ________________________________ 10 percent ____________________________________________ 15 p ercent ____________________________________________ 6 .6 5 .3 2 5.7 - 1. 1 6.9 25.8 1.9 1.3 1.1 4 .3 - _ .3 1.0 - Full day’ s pay for reduced hours ______________________ Full day’ s pay for reduced hours, plus cents or percentage differential or flat sum ___________________ P ercen t o f base rate, le ss uniform cents ______________ _ 1.2 _ .2 3. 1 1.9 5 .4 1.9 .9 .5 .4 .3 5 .9 .9 1.4 No shift pay differential - 1 Shift d ifferential data are presented in te rm s of (a) establishm ent p olicy, and (b) w orkers actually em p loyed on late shifts at the tim e of the survey. An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a policy if it met either o f the follow ing con d i tions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the tim e of the survey, or (2) had form al p rovisions covering late shifts, t L ess than 0 .0 5 percen t. Occupational Wage Survey, Philadelphia, P a ., N ovem ber 1955 U .S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR Bureau o f L abor S tatistics 15 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers' Number o f establishm ents with s p e c ifie d m in im u m hiring rate in— Manufactur ing M inim um rate (w eek ly sa la ry ) A ll schedules 322 M anufactur ing B ased on standard w eek ly hours 2 of— A ll in d ustries E sta blish m en ts s t u d ie d ______________ N um ber o f esta blishm ents with s p e c ifie d m inim um hiring rate in— Nonm anufactur ing 145 37 V2 XXX 40 XXX A ll ind u stries A ll sch ed u les 37 l/z 40 177 XXX XXX A il schedules 322 FOR IN EXPERIENCED TYPISTS E sta blish m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m ________________ $ 3 0 .0 0 $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under tinder under under $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 55. 00 $ 5 7 .5 0 ____ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _ 173 5 33 185 84 1 14 7 30 29 48 8 85 16 54 88 23 2 8 21 1 1 3 7 4 3 6 6 2 3 _ 1 2 _ 6 1 7 24 5 16 _ 7 _ 3 4 10 11 8 6 8 6 3 _ 11 2 12 6 2 _ 5 4 3 6 2 _ 6 1 1 2 2 17 12 9 10 145 37 Vz XXX 40 A il schedules 37 ll2 40 XXX 177 XXX XXX FOR OTHER INEXPERIENCED C L E R IC A L WORKERS 27 24 36 14 26 8 Nonmanufactur ing B ased on standard w eekly hours 2 of— 2 2 2 1 5 12 20 6 8 8 3 _ 7 27 5 15 3 7 54 101 24 42 1 2 11 _ _ 4 3 14 3 7 1 2 2 22 22 21 7 5 5 11 7 5 3 1 2 1 16 2 1 8 1 2 _ 12 3 4 7 7 6 4 2 1 _ 6 _ 6 1 2 _ _ 3 3 - 3 - - - XXX XXX 1 2 4 4 - 3 - - - E sta blish m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m _________________ 74 33 XXX XXX 41 XXX XXX 86 39 XXX XXX 47 E sta blish m en ts w hich did not em p lo y w o r k e rs in this c a t e g o r y ____ 74 27 XXX XXX 47 XXX XXX 50 22 XXX XXX 28 XXX XXX 1 - XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX 1 - XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX Data not ava ilab le ____________________ L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d f o r h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r ty p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e th e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , a n d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n w o rk w e e k s rep orted . O c c u p a t io n a l W a ge S u r v e y , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , N o v e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is tic s 16 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours I PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— 1 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EM PLOYED IN — W eekly hours All industries A ll w ork ers Under 35 h ou r 8 _________________________________ 35 hours _________________________________________ Over 35 and under 37 l/z hours _________________ 37V2 hours ______________________________________ Over 3 7 V2 and under 40 hours _________________ 40 hours _________________________________________ Over 40 and under 44 hours ___________________ 44 hours _________________________________________ O ver 44 hours __________________________________ 100 t 9 10 27 12 39 t t Manufacturing 100 Public utilities** 100 Wholesale trade 100 100 t 3 7 25 19 46 t - 13 t 3 t 6 t 55 30 _ - 15 10 65 - ^ ata rela te to w om en w o rk e rs on ly . E xcludes lim it e d -p r ic e va riety s to r e s . Includes data fo r rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly . t L e s s than 2 .5 p ercen t. * T ra n sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. * * F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. 2 3 Retail trade2 12 11 72 _ t Finance * * All 3 industries Services ! Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 6 22 6 - - - t t t t t 100 24 28 9 46 10 42 84 . - t t t 3 - 5 t 4 100 100 6 3 84 t 5 99 _ - Wholesale trade Retail trade2 Servicer 100 100 100 _ . - _ _ t t 64 26 9 t 6 98 78 t 6 6 t - 4 O ccupational W age S urvey, P hila d elp h ia , P a ., N ovem ber 1955 U. S. DE P A RT M EN T O F LA BO R B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics IT Table B-4: Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF PLANT W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN— Item All industries A ll w o r k e rs ... W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s ______________________________________ I h o lid a y _________________________________________ 3 h o lid a y s _____________________________________ 5 h o l i d a y s ________________________________________ 6 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y _________________________ P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s ________________________ P lu s 3 h a lf h o lid a y s _______________________ P lu s 7 h a lf h o l i d a y s _________________ _______ 7 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________________ P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s _______________________ P lu s 7 h a lf h o l i d a y s ________________________ 8 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 3 h a lf h o l i d a y s ________________________ 9 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P I u 8 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________________ 10 h o lid a y s ______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y _________________________ II h o lid a y s ______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 1 h a lf h o l i d a y _________________ ________ P lu s 2 h a lf h o lid a y s _______________________ 12 h o lid a y s ______________________________________ F u ll d a y s o n ly _______________________________ P lu s 1 h a lf h o lid a y _________________________ 13 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o l i d a y s ____________________________________ _ Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade2 Finance * * 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 t - - - t - - - - - - t 25 20 t 33 23 3 6 - - - 13 12 t 72 72 - 9 3 t t 60 40 18 t - - - _ t _ - t 6 - - - - - - 24 20 3 t 38 33 t 5 5 t 3 4 t - - 17 17 t t t t t All 3 industries Services i Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade2 Services 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 99 99 100 97 100 93 - t t t - - 10 - - _ - 6 t 39 35 t 36 5 29 33 33 19 19 t 55 55 72 72 t 3 t 4 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ 42 37 3 17 17 40 30 30 10 10 t - _ _ _ _ - - _ 37 34 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 42 4 23 12 11 t 36 26 10 - - - - - 21 21 t 42 42 28 28 4 4 6 6 4 4 t 15 15 17 17 20 20 22 22 3 3 4 4 - - - - - - - - _ _ 4 4 t 3 3 t 11 11 - 5 5 - - 3 3 9 9 - - - t t - t - - - _ - - - t 7 3 3 - t 23 15 8 _ 3 3 t t t t t t t - 5 4 t 9 7 t 31 26 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t t t t - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - 3 3 t - t - - - 4 3 t - 19 t - - t t 12 8 4 63 t t _ 39 t _ t _ _ - t t t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t - - - _ - - - - _ _ _ - t t . 3 3 t t _ t _ _ - - t _ _ _ - t - t _ t t - - . _ _t 3 - 7 t t 1 E stim a tes rela te to fu ll-d a y h olidays p rovided annually, as in e a r lie r stu dies. These a re further divided between w o rk e rs who re c e iv e m e r e ly the indicated num ber o f fu ll-d a y holid ays, and those who r e c e iv e 1 o r m o re h a lf-h o lid a y s in addition. 2 E xclu d es lim it e d -p r ic e v a rie ty s to r e s . 3 Includes data fo r rea l estate in addition to those industry division s shown sep a ra te ly , t L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. O ccupational Wage Survey, P h iladelph ia, P a ., N ovem ber 1955 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR Bureau o f Labor Statistics 18 Table B-5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— P ERCENT OF PLANT W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN — V acation p o lic y All industries A ll w ork ers Wholesale trade Manufacturing Public utilities** 100 100 100 99 99 100 98 100 100 t t - - - - t - - - - - t ■ " ■ “ t 78 4 4 92 Retail trade1 Finance * * 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 94 All 2 industries Services Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 iO O 61 36 100 100 90 90 100 100 100 72 - 99 72 25 - - - t 6 t t t t - - - 27 ■ t " “ 10 * “ 28 6 67 71 4 24 71 5 25 55 57 86 67 t 44 _ - 33 14 27 6 9 6 44 20 35 47 27 26 63 41 4 45 t 59 39 27 33 _ _ - _ - _ ' ' 73 14 4 73 t 93 - - _ ;! METHOD O F PA YM E N T W orkers in esta blishm ents providing paid vacations ____________________________________ L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t___________________ P ercen tage paym ent _______________________ F la t-su m paym ent _________________________ O t h e r ________________________________________ W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations _____________________________________ AMOUNT O F VACATION PA Y A fter 1 yea r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________ Over 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w e e k s ___________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks ___________________ 18 14 8 23 t 81 t _ t 91 _ - 86 76 22 t t t A fter 2 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 week ________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ___ 2 weeks ______________________ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ___ 3 weeks _______________________ 3 3 t 7 13 - - 94 92 t 86 98 t _ 98 _ t _ t t “ t 4 t 94 _ 67 18 t ' 37 _ t ' ' 39 ■ A fter 3 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ___________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w eeks ______ 2 weeks __________________________ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s _______ 3 weeks __________________________ t t 96 t 3 3 94 . t t . 99 97 . t t 99 _ _ 98 t t t 7 6 68 18 19 57 23 26 26 48 - - t t t 6 70 18 4 3 3 t 88 3 4 t 87 5 4 27 - 6 29 31 38 _ 3 t A fter 5 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________ Over 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 weeks ___________________ Over 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 weeks __________________ t t 88 5 7 t t 83 6 98 10 t _ _ See footnotes at end o f ta b le. * T ransp ortation (exclu din g r a ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s . ** Finance, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. NOTE: - - - 97 92 t 3 8 91 6 3 - t - 99 - - _ 90 94 - t O ccupational Wage S urvey, P hilad elp h ia, P a . , N ovem ber 1955 U .S . DE P A RT M EN T OF LABO R B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics In the tabulations o f va cation a llow an ces by y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , payments other than "length o f t im e " , such as percen tage o f annual earnings o r fla t-s u m paym ents, w ere con verted to an equivalent tim e b a s is; fo r exam p le, a paym ent o f 2 p ercen t o f annual earnings was co n sid e re d as 1 week*s pay. _ 5 13 27 54 4 3 19 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT V acation p o lic y All industries A ll w o r k e rs ........ .. Manufacturing Public utilities 100 * Wholesale trade 100 Retail trade 12 Finance ** Services 100 100 t t 67 5 28 - - 58 4 37 82 4 14 80 t 19 65 35 74 9 17 - ~ - - - - - t t _ _ _ _ t t - _ - _ - 100 AH , industries * Manufacturing OF PLANT Public utilities W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN— * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 _ t 6 43 3 t 64 7 24 t _ _ _ 66 10 21 t 58 5 37 t 80 100 100 Retail trade 1 Services 100 100 t 13 27 53 4 3 AMOUNT OF V AC A TIO N P A Y - Continued A fter 10 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek .. _ ... _ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks .... _ .... . ._ . t - _ - _ _ - - . 50 3 . . 59 _ _ 10 39 - - - t 13 27 47 4 9 A fter 15 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ___ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ..... 3 w eek s O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eeks and o v e r ___ 21 t 78 t t 15 t 84 t t 4 30 14 33 3 65 6 42 _ _ _ 96 70 86 t _ _ _ - - - . - _ 51 3 t 27 3 63 3 3 _ . - 28 4 61 4 - - 12 _ _ 34 20 _ _ _ 88 t 56 79 _ _ _ - - - A fter 20 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ... _ O v er 1 and under 2 w eeks .. ...... 2 w eeks ........... .. O v er 2 and under 3 w eeks . ... ........... 3 w eeks _ ._ __ ___ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ......... . ........ 4 w eek s and ov er _ t t t _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 15 14 4 14 41 t 6 3 3 _ . t _ _ _ 26 28 t t _ _ _ 80 85 96 72 79 16 3 73 t t _ t _ _ _ 3 4 8 8 - t t t 3 27 - 12 t 13 27 43 34 20 _ 3 4 _ _ 4 52 62 59 88 56 74 13 t _ _ _ - 5 - A fter 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __ ____ ___ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks _ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks _ _. O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eek s and o v er 1 2 t * ** t t 14 t 13 _ _ _ _ t 3 3 _ - - _ _ 6 _ _ 27 9 13 t 39 3 t t - - _ t _ 61 78 92 51 35 41 53 24 3 55 t t _ - _ - _ 24 8 6 21 3 56 44 E xclu d es lim it e d -p r ic e v a rie ty s to r e s . Inclu des data fo r re a l esta te in addition to those industry division s shown s e p a ra te ly , L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t. T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. 11 26 4 56 4 7 12 _ t _ 34 12 13 27 38 - _ _ 4 77 42 51 19 t _ _ _ 14 35 11 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N - Type of plan A ll w ork ers ____________________________________ PE R C E N T OF PLANT W ORKERS E M PLOYED IN — All industries Manufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 92 97 85 94 96 33 46 10 44 20 74 43 80 69 93 41 72 44 86 52 49 82 64 * Wholesale trade Retail trade 1* Finance ** All 2 industries Services Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 79 91 90 100 76 92 88 22 26 45 49 14 41 40 64 60 88 42 10 40 100 79 92 87 72 77 51 75 59 69 58 28 54 28 12 7 30 31 16 26 t t 5 54 34 42 38 34 8 29 31 15 70 64 30 56 54 84 7 78 74 41 5 55 44 4 - 15 t 9 ! 1 W orkers in establishm ents p roviding: L ife insurance ------------------------------------ -----A ccid ental death and dism em berm en t in s u ra n c e __________________________________ Sickness and accid ent insurance o r s ick leave o r b o th 34 ___________________ S ickness and a ccid en t in s u r a n c e .............. Sick leave (full pay and no waiting p e r io d )-------------------------------------Sick lea ve (partial pay or waiting p e r io d )_______ - - .............. H ospitalization insurance __________________ S urgical in s u r a n c e _______ ___________________ M edical insurance __________________________ Catastrophe insurance _____________________ R etirem ent pension ______________ ________ No health, in su ra n ce, or pension plan ______ _____ _____ _____________________ 6 63 54 31 9 t 75 72 45 6 '.8 76 t t 9 15 4 4 93 3 6 t 39 79 73 t ;6 67 39 7 79 4 22 21 22 33 67 9 85 41 79 74 45 4 56 t - 16 4 8 88 84 52 4 59 3 22 14 t 6 5 68 - E xcludes lim ite d -p r ic e va riety s to r e s . E stim ates are not com p a ra ble with those published in the p reviou s bulletins due to d iffe re n ce s in the m ethod o f cla s s ify in g ce rta in occu p ation a l g ro u p s. Includes data for rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s ep a ra tely. Unduplicated total o f w orkers receiv in g sick leave o r s ick n e ss and a ccid ent insurance shown sepa ra tely below . 4 L im ited to a few la rge esta b lish m en ts. f L ess than 2 .5 p ercen t. O ccupational vVage S urvey, P hilad elp h ia, P a ., N ovem b er 1955 * T ra n sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LABO R ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and real esta te. B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics 1 21 A p p e n d ix ’* Job Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s is to it s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in t o a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a s s is t a v a r ie ty and of fro m ra tes p a y r o ll a rea to r e p r e s e n tin g in te r a r e a c a n tly fr o m in jo b s u p e r v is o r ^ , d iffe r e n t is c o m p a r a b le th ose tem p o ra ry , and T h is c o m p a r a b ility a p p ly in g th e s e in g t it le s area. w ork e s s e n tia l jo b use in a p p r e n tic e s , to B ecau se co n te n t, in d iv id u a l a^nd p r o b a t i o n a r y ord er co n te n t. o f o c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s , a rra n g e m e n ts in th e le a r n e r s , fie ld of th is or e s ta b lis h m e n t th e jo b th ose on p rep ared t r a in e e s , of are to e s ta b lis h m e n t o c c u p a tio n a l w age in t e r e s ta b lis h m e n t d e s c r ip tio n s r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s b e g in n e r s , g r o u p in g e m p h a s is B u rea u ’s e s ta b lis h m e n t s t h e B u r e a u 's fr o m p e r m it fo r m ay oth er in s tr u c te d h a n d ic a p p e d d iffe r and s ig n ifi pu rp oses. In to e x c lu d e w o r k w ork ers, p a r t-tim e , w ork ers. O f f i c e B IL L E R , th a n as M A C H IN E P r e p a r e s s ta t e m e n ts , b ills , a n d in v o ic e s o n a m a c h in e o th e r o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s an to b illin g s c id e n ta l or to m a c h in e , s h ip p in g c h a r g e s b illin g are o p e r a t io n s . c la s s ifie d B ille r , m a c h in e a re B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E m a c h in e (M o o n ty p e ty p in g fro m p e r fo r m w age of (b illin g H o p k in s , c o m b in a tio n in v o ic e s by or F or m a c h in e , m a c h in e ) E llio t t as - in b ille r s , fo llo w s : a to ord ers, - K eeps a set of C o n t in u e d record s r e q u ir in g s p e c ia l etc. , p rep are in te r n a lly a k n o w le d g e of a n d e x p e r ie n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c ip l e s a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s tr u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n t in g sy ste m used. D eter m in e s prop er record s and d is tr ib u tio n of d e b it and c r e d it ite m s p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d by hand. b illin g C la s s w h ic h b ills and p rep ared B - K eeps a record of one or m o re ph ases of a set of record s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g k e e p in g . or P hases s e c t io n s or s e c t io n s litt le k n o w le d g e o f b a s ic b o o k in c lu d e a ccou n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, ord ers, s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , etc. U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d is c o u n ts and s h ip p in g ch arges and en try of c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p l e t y p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r b ille r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n , in n ecessary v e n to ry b illin g e x te n s io n s , m a c h in e , b y m a c h in e . ca rb o n c o p ie s fa n fo ld and w h ic h m a y to ta ls or w h ic h m a y not are be com p u ted a u t o m a t ic a lly T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s o f th e b ill b e in g p r e p a r e d a n d o n th e a c c u m u la t e d a la r g e n u m b e r o f is o ft e n d o n e o n a C LE R K , C la s s m a c h in e m ay or b ills (S u n d s tr a n d , p a rt in v o lv e s th e record . of s a le s of m a c h in e ) E llio t t F is h e r , th e a ccou n ts s im u lta n e o u s The m a c h in e th e d e b it o r b o o k k e e p in g . and c r e d it r e c e iv a b le en try of - U ses a b o o k k e e p in g R e m in g to n R a n d , c r e d it b a la n c e s . W ork s fr o m s u b s id ia r y o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a lly cu stom ers' u s u a lly D oes not and fig u r e s p r in ts in v o lv e a s ta n d a rd le d g e r on a a u to k n o w l ty p es p rop er a c c o u n t in g m a k in g O PE R ATO R F is h e r , S u n d stra n d , a t y p e w r it e r B u rrou gh s, k e y b o a r d ) to m a c h in e N a tio n a l C a s h R e g i s t e r , keep a record of b u s in e s s R and, w ith or in p r e p a r a t io n th e a c c o u n t in g of tr ia l d e p a rtm e n t. e x a m in in g p rop er of a b ook k eep er or a ccou n t one o r m o re s e c t io n s r e la tin g to on e p h a s e le d g e r s W o r k in v o lv e s su ch and as a s s ig n a tio n s a n d c lo s in g and of an a or ju d g m e n t b a la n c in g or vou ch ers and a llo c a t io n s . jo u r n a l e n t r ie s ; com e s ta b lis h r e c e iv a b le in v o ic e s r e q u ir e s of p o s tin g an d a ccou n ts c o d in g d is tr ib u tio n ; E llio t t o r w ith tr a n s a c tio n s . gen eral a c c o u n t in g w h ic h t io n a l B - U nder o p e r a t io n s M ay a c w ith e x p e r ie n c e a s s is t in m a y d ir e c t c la s s s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u tin e su ch as p o s tin g s im p le jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s , p a y a b le v o u c h e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g (R e m in g to n record s p r e p a r in g , a d ju s t in g , B a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s . C la s s a c c o u n t in g b o o k k e e p in g or tr a n s a c tio n s . le d g e r p a y a b le ; by a U n d er g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n b u s in e s s a ccou n ts O p era tes - cou n ts in o r a s s is t of s lip s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E A set of books m e n t 's and u n ifo r m p le te cu stom ers' on M ay ch eck co n tr o l sh eets fo r r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r k e e p in g e t c . , w h ic h a c c u m u la t e s and com p u tes has p rep a re to fig u r e s a u t o m a t ic a lly o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s m a tic a lly edge (b o o k k e e p in g m a y n o t h a v e t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) as num ber m a c h in e etc. and p rep a re A C C O U N T IN G m a c h in e . B ille r , c o n tr o l, b a la n c e s a n t, out A - t o b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M ay r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , a n d o th e r r e c o r d s B u rrou gh s, m a c h in e s ) pu rch ase c le r ic a l w o rk pu rp oses, U ses F is h e r , a n d a d d in g cu stom ers' oth er stu d y C la s s O PE R ATO R bank a ccou n ts; le d g e r s . and T h is b o o k k e e p in g e n te r in g v o u c h e r s p o s tin g jo b in v o u c h e r s u b s id ia r y does not p r in c ip le s th e m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n t in g w o r k b a s is a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . le d g e r s r e q u ir e but is is a fo u n d r e g is te r s ; c o n tr o lle d k n o w le d g e of in in s u b d iv id e d o ffic e s on a fu n c 22 CL E R K , FILE C la s s A - R e sp o n sib le fo r m ain tain in g an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m . C la s s if ie s and in d exes c o rre s p o n d e n c e o r o th e r m a te r ia l; m a y a ls o file th is m a te r ia l. M ay keep re c o r d s of v a rio u s typ es in con ju n ction w ith file s o r s u p e r v is e o th e rs in filin g and lo c atin g m a te r ia l in the f i le s . M ay p e rfo rm in c id e n ta l c le r i c a l d u tie s . C la s s B - P e r fo r m s ro u tin e filin g , u s u a lly of m a t e r ia l th at has a lr e a d y been c la s s ifie d , o r lo c a te s o r a s s i s t s in lo c atin g m a t e r i a l in the f i le s . M ay p e rfo rm in c id e n ta l c le r i c a l d u tie s. CLERK, ORDER R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ’ o r d e r s fo r m a t e r ia l o r m e rc h a n d is e by m a il, phone, o r p e r s o n a lly . D uties in v o lv e an y c o m b in ation of the fo llo w in g : Quoting p r ic e s to c u s to m e rs ; m akin g out an o r d e r s h e e t lis tin g the ite m s to m ake up the o r d e r ; ch eckin g p r ic e s and q u an titie s of ite m s on o rd e r sh ee t; d is trib u tin g o r d e r s h e e ts to r e s p e c tiv e d e p a rtm e n ts to be fille d . M ay c h eck w ith c r e d it d e p a rtm e n t to d e t e r m in e c re d it ra tin g of c u s to m e r, ackn o w led ge re c e ip t o f o r d e r s fro m c u s to m e rs , fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e th at th e y h ave been fille d , keep file of o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and ch ec k shipping in v o ic e s w ith o rig in a l o rd e rs. CL E R K , KE Y-PU N CH OPERATOR U nder g e n e ra l s u p e rv is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s i b ilitie s , re c o r d s accou n tin g and s t a t i s t i c a l d ata on ta b u la tin g c a r d s by punching a s e r ie s of h o les in the c a r d s in a s p e c ifie d seq u e n c e , u sin g an a lp h a b e tic a l o r a n u m e ric a l k e y -p u n c h m a c h in e , fo llo w in g w ritte n in fo rm a tio n on r e c o r d s . M ay d u p lic a te c a r d s by u sin g the d u p licatin g d e vic e a ttac h ed to m a c h in e . K e e p s f i le s o f punch c a r d s . M ay v e r i f y own w o rk o r w o rk o f o th e r s . O FFICE BOY OR GIRL P e r fo r m s v a rio u s ro u tin e d u ties su ch a s ru nning e r r a n d s , o p e ra tin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in es su ch a s s e a le r s o r m a i le r s , opening and d is trib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk . SE C R E T A R Y P e r fo r m s s e c r e t a r i a l and c l e r i c a l d u ties fo r a s u p e r io r in an a d m in is tra tiv e o r e x ec u tiv e p o s itio n . D u ties in clu d e m akin g a p p o in t m en ts f o r s u p e rio r; re c e iv in g p e o p le com in g in to o ffic e ; a n s w e rin g and m akin g phone c a lls ; handling p e r s o n a l and im p o rta n t o r c o n fi d e n tia l m a il, and w ritin g ro u tin e c o rre s p o n d e n c e on own in itia tiv e ; taking d icta tio n (w here tr a n s c r ib in g m a c h in e is n ot u sed ) e ith e r in sh orth an d o r by sten otyp e o r s i m i la r m a c h in e , and tr a n s c r ib in g d ic t a tion o r the re c o rd e d in fo rm a tio n re p ro d u c e d on a tr a n s c r ib in g m a c h in e . M ay p r e p a r e s p e c ia l re p o rts o r m e m o ra n d a f o r in fo rm a tio n of s u p e r io r . PAYRO LL STENOGRAPHER, GEN ERAL C om putes w ag es of com p an y e m p lo y e e s and e n te rs the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll s h e e ts . D uties in v o lv e : C a lc u la tin g w o r k e r s ’ e arn in g s b ased on tim e o r p ro d u ctio n re c o r d s ; p ostin g c a lc u la te d data on p a y r o ll sh e e t, show ing in fo rm a tio n su ch a s w o r k e r 's n am e, w o rk in g d ay s, tim e , r a te , deductions fo r in s u ra n c e , and to ta l w ag es due. M ay m ake out p ay ch ecks and a s s i s t p a y m a s te r in m akin g up and d i s trib u tin g p ay e n v e lo p e s. M ay u se a c a lc u la tin g m a c h in e . P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n fro m one o r m o re p e r s o n s , e ith e r in sh orth an d o r by sten o typ e o r s i m i la r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a n o rm a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la ry , and to tr a n s c r ib e th is d ic ta tio n on a ty p e w r i t e r . M ay a ls o type fro m w r itte n c o p y. M ay a ls o s e t up and keep file s in o r d e r , keep sim p le r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not in clu d e t r a n s c rib in g -m a c h in e w o rk (see tr a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r) . COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL P r i m a r y duty is to o p e ra te a C o m p to m e te r to p e r fo r m m a th e m a tic a l c o m p u tatio n s. This jo b is not to be con fu sed w ith th at of s ta tis tic a l o r o th e r type of c le r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e fre q u e n t u se of a C o m p to m e te r but, in w h ich , u se of th is m ach in e is in c id e n ta l to p e rfo rm a n c e o f o th e r d u tie s . P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n fr o m one o r m o re p e rs o n s , e ith e r in sh orth an d o r by sten o typ e o r s i m i la r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h and to t r a n s c r ib e th is d ic ta tio n on a ty p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o type fro m w r itte n c o p y . M ay a ls o s e t up and keep file s in o rd e r, keep s im p le r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not in clu d e tra n s c rib in g -m a c h in e w o rk . DUPLICATING-M ACHINE O PERATO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD O PERATOR U nder g e n e ra l s u p e rv is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y re s p o n s ib ilitie s , re p ro d u c e s m u ltip le cop ies of ty p e w ritte n o r h a n d w ritte n m a tte r, u sin g a m im e o g ra p h o r d itto m a c h in e . M akes n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm e n t su ch as fo r ink and p a p e r feed c o u n te r and c y lin d e r sp eed . Is not re q u ire d to p re p a r e s te n c il o r ditto m a s t e r . M ay keep file of u sed s te n c ils o r ditto m a s t e r s . M ay s o r t, c o lla te , and sta p le c o m p leted m a te r ia l. O perates a s in g le - o r m u ltip le - p o s itio n tele p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd . D uties in v o lv e handling in co m in g, outgoing, and in tra p la n t o r o ffic e c a lls . M ay r e c o r d to ll c a lls and ta k e m e s s a g e s . M ay g ive i n f o r m a tio n to p e rs o n s who c a ll in, o r o c c a s io n a lly ta k e telep h o n e o r d e r s . F o r w o rk e r s who a ls o a c t as re c e p tio n is ts s e e s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r re c e p tio n is t. 23 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PERATO R, G EN ERAL - Continued SW ITCH BOARD O PE RATO R -R ECEPTIO N IST tio n typ e T his tim e In a d d itio n to p e rfo rm in g d u ties of o p e ra to r, on a sin g le p o s i o r m o n ito r -ty p e sw itc h b o a rd , a c ts a s re c e p tio n is t and m a y a ls o o r p e r fo r m ro u tin e c le r i c a l w o rk as p a rt of re g u la r d u tie s . typing o r c le r i c a l w o rk m a y take the m a jo r p a rt of th is w o r k e r 's w h ile a t sw itc h b o a rd . TABULATIN G-M ACH IN E OPERATOR O p e ra te s m a c h in e th at a u to m a tic a lly a n a ly z e s and tr a n s la te s in fo rm a tio n punched in g ro u p s of tabu latin g c a rd s and p rin ts t r a n s la te d data on fo rm s o r accou n tin g re c o r d s ; se ts o r a d ju sts m a c h in e ; d oes s im p le w ir in g of p lu g b o ard s ac c o rd in g to e sta b lis h e d p ra c tic e o r d ia g ra m s ; p la c e s c a rd s to be tabu lated in feed m ag azin e and s t a r ts m a c h in e . M ay file c a r d s a f t e r th ey a r e tabu lated . M ay, in ad d itio n , o p e ra te a u x ilia r y m a c h in e s . in clu d ed . A w o rk e r who ta k e s d icta tio n in sh o rth an d o r by sten otyp e o r s im ila r m a c h in e is c la s s ifie d as a s te n o g ra p h e r, g e n e ra l. T YPIST U ses a ty p e w r ite r to m ake cop ies of v a rio u s m a te r ia l o r to m ake out b ills a f t e r c a lc u la tio n s h ave been m ad e b y a n o th er p e rs o n . M ay do c le r i c a l w o rk in vo lvin g little s p e c ia l tra in in g , such as k e e p ing sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o rts o r s o rtin g and d is trib u tin g incom ing m a il. C la s s A - P e r fo r m s one o r m o re o f the fo llo w in g : Typing m a t e r ia l in fin a l fo rm fro m v e r y rou gh and in v o lv e d d ra ft; c o p y ing fro m p la in o r c o r r e c te d copy in w h ich th e re is a fre q u e n t and v a r ie d u s e of te c h n ic a l and u n u su al w o rd s o r fro m fo re ig n lan guage copy; com bining m a te r ia l fro m s e v e r a l s o u rc e s , o r planning la y o u t of c o m p lica te d s ta tis tic a l ta b le s to m a in tain u n i fo r m ity and b alan c e in sp acin g ; typing ta b le s fro m rough d ra ft in fin a l fo rm . M ay type ro u tin e fo rm le t t e r s , v a ry in g d e ta ils to su it c irc u m s ta n c e s . TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATOR, GENERAL P r i m a r y duty is to tr a n s c r ib e d ictation in v o lv in g a n o rm a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la r y fro m tr a n s c r ib in g m achin e r e c o r d s . M ay a ls o typ e fro m w r itte n cop y and do sim p le c le r i c a l w o rk . W o rk e rs t r a n s c rib in g d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u l a r y su ch a s le g a l b r ie fs o r re p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h a r e not Professional D R A FTSM AN , JUNIOR (A s s is ta n t d ra fts m a n ) D ra w s to s c a le u n its o r p a rts of d raw in g s p re p a re d by d r a f t s m a n o r o th e rs f o r e n g in e e rin g , c o n stru c tio n , o r m a n u fa c tu rin g p u r p o s e s . U ses v a r io u s ty p e s o f d ra ftin g to o ls as re q u ire d . M ay p r e p a r e d ra w in g s fr o m s im p le p la n s o r s k e tc h e s , o r p e rfo rm o th e r d u ties u n d er d ire c tio n o f a d ra fts m a n . D R AFTSM AN , LEADER P la n s and d ir e c ts a c tiv itie s of one o r m o re d ra fts m e n in p re p a r a tio n of w o rk in g p la n s and d e ta il d raw in g s fro m rough o r p r e lim in a r y s k e tc h e s fo r e n g in e e rin g , c o n stru c tio n , o r m a n u fa c tu rin g p u rp o s e s . D u ties in v o lv e a com b in ation of the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g b lu e p rin ts , s k e tc h e s , and w r itte n o r v e r b a l o rd e rs ; d e te rm in in g w o rk p ro c e d u re s ; a s s ig n in g d u ties to su b o rd in a tes and in sp ectin g th e ir w o rk ; p e rfo rm in g m o re d iffic u lt p ro b le m s . M ay a s s i s t su b o rd in a tes d u rin g C la s s B - P e r fo r m s one o r m o re of the fo llo w in g : Typing fro m r e la t i v e ly c le a r o r typed d ra fts ; ro u tin e typing of fo r m s , in s u ra n c e p o lic ie s , e t c .; settin g up s im p le sta n d a rd ta b u la tio n s, o r copying m o re c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and sp aced p ro p e r ly . and Technical D RAFTSM AN , LEAD ER - Continued e m e rg e n c ie s o r as a r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t, o r p e rfo rm of a s u p e r v is o r y o r a d m in is tr a tiv e n a tu re . re la te d d u ties D RAFTSM AN , SENIOR P r e p a r e s w o rk in g p la n s and d e ta il d ra w in g s fro m n o tes, rough o r d e ta ile d s k e tc h e s fo r e n g in e e rin g , c o n s tru c tio n , o r m a n u fa c tu rin g p u rp o s e s . D uties in v o lv e a com b in ation o f the fo llo w in g : P re p a rin g w o rk in g p la n s , d e ta il d ra w in g s , m a p s , c r o s s - s e c t io n s , e tc ., to s c a le by u se o f d ra ftin g in s tru m e n ts ; m aking e n g in e e rin g com p u ta tio ns such as th o se in v o lv e d in s tre n g th of m a t e r ia ls , beam s and t r u s s e s ; v e rify in g c o m p le ted w o rk , ch eckin g d im e n sio n s, m a te r ia ls to be u sed , and q u a n titie s; w ritin g s p e c ific a tio n s ; m aking ad ju stm en ts o r changes in d ra w in g s o r s p e c ific a tio n s . M ay ink in lin e s and le t t e r s on p e n c il d ra w in g s , p r e p a r e d e ta il un its of c o m p lete d ra w in g s, o r tr a c e d ra w in g s . W o rk is fre q u e n tly in a s p e c ia liz e d fie ld such as a r c h ite c tu r a l, e le c t r i c a l, m e c h a n ic a l, o r s tr u c tu r a l d ra ftin g . 24 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED ) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - C ontinued A r e g is te r e d n u rs e who g iv e s n u rs in g s e r v i c e to i l l o r in ju re d e m p lo yees o r o th e r p e rs o n s who b eco m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p rem is'es o f a fa c to r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. Duties, in v o lv e a com b in ation o f the fo llo w in g : G iving f i r s t a id to the i l l o r in ju re d ; attending to su b seq u en t d re s s in g o f em p lo yees* in ju r ie s ; keep in g r e c o r d s of p atie n ts tre a te d ; p re p a rin g a c c id e n t r e p o r ts fo r com p en satio n o r o th e r p u rp o se s ; conducting p h y s ic a l e x am in a tio n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s of a p p lic a n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and plann in g and c a r r y in g out p ro g ra m s in vo lvin g h e a lth ed u cation , a c c id e n t p re v e n tio n , e v a lu a tio n of p la n t e n v iro n m e n t, o r o th er a c tiv itie s s a fe ty of a l l p e rs o n n e l. Maintenance a a ffe c tin g th e h e a lth , w e lf a r e , and TRACE R C opies plans and d ra w in g s p re p a r e d b y o th e r s , b y p la cin g tra c in g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. U ses T -s q u a re , c o m p a ss, and o th e r d ra ftin g to o ls . M ay p r e p a r e sim p le d ra w in g s and do sim p le le tte r in g . d Powerplant CARPEN TER , MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY P e r fo r m s the c a r p e n tr y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tru c t and m a in tain in good r e p a i r building w o o d w ork and equipm ent su ch as b in s, c r ib s , c o u n te rs , b e n c h e s, p a r titio n s , d o o rs , flo o r s , s t a i r s , c a s in g s , and tr im m ade of w ood in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la yin g out o f w o rk fro m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w in g s, m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru c tio n s ; u sin g a v a r i e t y of c a r p e n te r's h an d to o ls, p o rta b le p o w e r to o ls , and sta n d a rd m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m aking s ta n d a rd shop com p u tatio n s re la tin g to d im en sio n s of w o rk ; se le c tin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o rk . In g e n e ra l, the w o rk of the m a in ten an ce c a r p e n te r re q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n ing and e x p e rie n c e . O p erates and m ain tain s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e the o p e ra tio n of s ta tio n a r y engines and equipm ent (m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to s u p p ly the e sta b lis h m e n t in w hich em p lo yed w ith p o w e r, h e a t, r e f r i g e r a tio n , o r a ir-c o n d itio n in g . W o rk in v o lv e s : O p e ratin g and m a in tain in g equipm ent such a s ste a m en g in es, a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o t o r s , tu rb in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r ig e r a t in g eq u ip m en t, s te a m b o ile r s and b o ile r -fe d w a te r pum ps; m ak in g eq u ip m en t r e p a i r s ; keep in g a re c o r d of o p eratio n of m a c h in e ry , te m p e r a tu r e , and fu e l co n su m p tio n . M ay a ls o s u p e rv is e th ese o p e ra tio n s . Head o r c h ie f e n g in e e rs in e sta b lis h m e n ts em p loyin g m o re than one e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d . ELECTRICIAN , MAINTENANCE P e r fo r m s a v a r i e t y o f e le c t r i c a l tra d e fu n ction s such as the in s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g e n e ra tin g , d istrib u tio n , o r u tiliz a tio n of e le c tr ic e n e rg y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g d r re p a ir in g an y of a v a r ie t y of e le c t r i c a l equipm ent su ch as g e n e r a to rs , t r a n s f o r m e r s , sw itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o to rs , h eatin g u n its, conduit s y s te m s , o r o th e r tr a n s m is s io n eq uip m en t; w o rk in g fro m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , la y o u t, o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g nosing tro u b le in the e le c t r i c a l s y s te m o r equipm ent; w o rk in g s ta n d a rd com p utations re la tin g to load re q u ire m e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equipm ent; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f e le c tr ic ia n 's h an d tools and m e a s u rin g and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk of the m a in ten a n ce e le c tr ic ia n re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . FIREM AN , STATIONARY BOILER F ir e s s ta tio n a ry b o ile rs to fu r n is h the e sta b lis h m e n t in w h ich em p lo yed w ith h eat, p o w e r, o r s te a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e by hand o r o p e ra te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r, g a s , o r o il b u rn e r; c h ec k s w a te r and s a fe ty v a lv e s . M ay c le an , o il, or* a s s i s t in re p a ir in g b o i le r room equipm ent. H ELPER , TRADES, MAINTENANCE A s s is ts one o r m o re w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m a in ten a n ce tr a d e s , by p e rfo rm in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l d u ties o f l e s s e r s k ill, su ch as keeping a w o rk e r supplied w ith m a t e r ia ls and to o ls ; c le a n in g w o r k ing a r e a , m ach in e, and equipm ent; a s s is tin g w o r k e r by h olding m a t e r i a ls o r to o ls; p e rfo rm in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d ire c te d by j o u r n eym an . The kind of w o rk the h e lp e r is p e rm itte d to p e r fo r m v a r i e s fro m tra d e to tra d e : In som e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is con fin ed to su p p ly in g , liftin g , and holding m a te r ia ls and to o ls and cle an in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th ers he is p e rm itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e ra tio n s , o r p a rts o f a tra d e th at a r e a ls o p e rfo rm e d b y w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e ' b a s is . 25 M ACH IN E-TO OL O PE RATO R , TOOLROOM S p e c ia liz e s in the o p e ra tio n of one o r m o re typ es of m ach in e to o ls , su ch a s jig b o r e r s , c y lin d r ic a l o r s u rfa c e g rin d e rs , engine la th e s , o r m illin g m a c h in e s in the c o n stru c tio n of m a c h in e -sh o p to o ls , g au g es, ji g s , f ix t u r e s , o r d ie s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and p e rfo rm in g d iffic u lt m achining o p e ra tio n s ; p ro c e s s in g ite m s re q u irin g c o m p lic a te d setu ps o r a high d e g re e of a c c u ra c y ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in s tru m e n ts ; s e le c tin g fe e d s , s p e e d s , to o lin g and o p e ra tio n seq u en ce; m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n ts d u rin g o p e ra tio n to a c h ie v e re q u is ite to le ra n c e s o r d im e n sio n s. M ay be r e q u ire d to re c o g n iz e when to o ls need d re s s in g , to d re s s to o ls , and to s e le c t p ro p e r c o o la n ts and cutting and lu b ric a tin g o ils . For c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w age stu d y p u rp o se s , m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , to o lro o m , in to o l and d ie job b in g shops a r e excluded fro m th is c la s s ific a tio n . MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R e p a irs m a c h in e ry o r m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent of an e s ta b lis h m en t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : E xam ining m ach in es and m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent to diagn ose s o u rc e of tro u b le ; d ism an tlin g o r p a r tly d ism an tlin g m a c h in e s and p e rfo rm in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se of han d tools in s c ra p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; re p la cin g b ro k en o r d e fe c tiv e p a r ts w ith ite m s obtained fro m sto ck ; o rd e rin g the p ro d u ctio n of a re p la c e m e n t p a r t by a m ach in e shop o r sending of the m achin e to a m achin e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p re p a rin g w ritte n s p e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p ro d u ctio n of p a rts o rd e re d fro m m ach in e shop; re a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s; and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts f o r o p e ra tio n . In g e n e ra l, the w o rk of a m ain ten an ce m ech an ic r e q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . E xcluded fro m th is c la s s ific a tio n a r e w o rk e r s w h ose p r im a r y d uties in v o lv e settin g up o r a d ju stin g m a c h in e s . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE M ILLWRIGHT P ro d u c e s re p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a r ts o f m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent o p e rate d in an e sta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g w ritte n in s t r u c tio n s and s p e c ific a tio n s ; planning ana layin g out o f w o rk ; u sing a v a r i e t y of m a c h in is t’s h an d to ols and p re c is io n m e a su rin g in s tru m e n ts ; se ttin g up and o p e ra tin g stan d a rd m achin e to o ls; shaping of m e ta l p a r ts t,o c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; m aking stan d a rd shop com p utations r e l a t ing to d im e n sio n s of w o rk , to olin g , fee d s and sp eed s of m achin in g; know ledge o f the w o rk in g p ro p e r tie s of the com m on m e ta ls ; s e le c tin g sta n d a rd m a t e r i a ls , p a r t s , and equipm ent re q u ire d f o r h is w o rk ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r ts in to m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent. In g e n e ra l, the m a c h in is t’s w o rk n o r m a lly re q u ire s a rounded tra in in g in m a c h in e shop p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . In s ta lls new m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equipm ent and d ism a n tles and in s ta lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equipm ent when changes in the p lan t la y out a r e re q u ire d . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : P lanning and la yin g out of the w o rk ; in te rp re tin g b lu e p rin ts o r o th e r sp e c ific a tio n s; using a v a r i e t y o f han d tools and rig g in g ; m aking stan d a rd shop c o m p u tation s re la tin g to s t r e s s e s , s tre n g th of m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te rs of g ra v ity ; alin in g and b alan cin g of equipm ent; s e le c tin g stan d a rd to o ls, equipm ent, and p a r ts to be u sed ; in s ta llin g and m ain tain in g in good o rd e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d riv e s and speed r e d u c e rs . In g e n e ra l, the m illw r ig h t’s w o rk n o r m a lly re q u ire s a rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e in the tra d e a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . OILER MECHANIC, AUTOM OTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R e p a irs a u to m o b ile s , b u ses, m o to rtru c k s , and tr a c t o r s of an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : E xam ining a u to m o tiv e eq uip m en t to diagn ose s o u rc e of tro u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e rfo rm in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the u se of such han d to o ls as w r e n c h e s , g au g e s, d r i ll s , o r sp e c ia liz e d equipm ent in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r t s ; re p la c in g b ro ken o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fro m sto c k ; grin d in g and a d ju stin g v a lv e s ; re a ss e m b lin g and in s ta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts; a lin in g w h e e ls , a d ju stin g b ra k e s and lig h ts , o r tigh ten in g body b o lts . In g e n e ra l, the w o rk o f the a u to m o tive m ech an ic re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly ac q u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . L u b ric a te s , w ith o il o r g re a s e , the m ovin g p a rts o r w e a rin g s u rfa c e s of m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent of an e sta b lis h m e n t. PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE P a in ts and re d e c o ra te s w a lls , w o o d w ork, and fix tu re s of an e sta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Know ledge of s u rfa c e p e c u lia ritie s and typ es of p ain t re q u ire d fo r d iffe re n t ap p lic a tio n s; p re p a rin g s u rfa c e fo r p ain tin g by re m o v in g old fin is h o r by p lacin g p u tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o les and in te r s tic e s ; ap p lyin g p ain t w ith s p ra y gun o r b ru s h . M ay m ix c o lo r s , o ils , w h ite le a d , and o th er pain t in g re d ie n ts to obtain p ro p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e ra l, the w o rk of the m a in ten a n ce p a in te r re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . 26 P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE SH E E T -M E T A L W O RKER, MAINTENANCE - C ontinued In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f pipe and p ip efittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l lo w in g : L ayin g out o f w o rk and m e a s u rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n of pipe fro m d ra w in g s o r o th e r w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s of pipe to c o r r e c t len g th s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e to rc h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e ; th re a d in g pipe w ith sto ck s and d ie s ; bending pipe by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r- d riv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g pipe w ith cou p lin gs and fa sten in g pipe to h a n g e rs ; m aking s ta n d a rd shop com p utations re la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e of pipe r e q u ired ; m aking sta n d a rd te s ts to d e te rm in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip es m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk of the m a in ten a n ce p ip e fitte r re q u ire s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th rou gh a fo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . W o rk e rs p r i m a r i ly engaged in in s ta llin g and re p a ir in g building s a n ita tio n o r heating s y s te m s a r e e x c lu d e d . and la yin g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t-m p ta l m a in te n a n c e w o rk fr o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e ra tin g a l l a v a ila b le ty p es of s h e e t-m e ta l-w o rk in g m a c h in e s ; using a v a r i e t y o f h an d to ols in cu ttin g, bending, fo rm in g , sh a p in g , fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; in s ta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t i c l e s a s re q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce s h e e t- m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d ed tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . P L U M B E R , MAINTENANCE K eeps th e plum bing s y s te m o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t in good o r d e r . W o rk in v o lv e s : K now ledge o f s a n ita r y cod es re g a rd in g in s ta lla tio n o f v e n ts and tr a p s in plum bing s y s te m ; in s ta llin g o r re p a ir in g p ip es and fix tu r e s ; opening clo gged d ra in s w ith a p lu n g e r o r p lu m b e r *s sn ak e . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p lu m b e r r e q u ire s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e ship o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . SH E E T -M E T A L W O RKER , MAINTENANCE F a b r ic a te s , i n s t a lls , and m a in ta in s in good r e p a i r the s h e e tm e ta l equipm ent and fix tu r e s (such as m ach in e g u a rd s , g re a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t ila t o r s , c h u te s , d u c ts, m e ta l ro o fin g ) of an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning Custodial and ELEVATOR O PE RA TO R , PASSEN GER T ra n s p o rts p a s s e n g e r s b etw een flo o r s of an o ffic e b u ild in g , a p a rtm e n t h o u se , d e p a rtm e n t s t o r e , h o te l o r s im ila r e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk e rs who o p e ra te e le v a to r s in con ju n ction w ith o th e r d u ties such as th o se o f s t a r t e r s and ja n ito r s a r e exclu d ed . GUARD P e r fo r m s ro u tin e p o lic e d u tie s , e ith e r a t fix e d p o st o r on to u r, m ain tain in g o r d e r , u sing a r m s o r fo rc e w h e re n e c e s s a r y . Inclu d es g atem en who a r e sta tio n e d at gate and ch eck on identity~^of e m p lo y ee s and o th e r p e rs o n s e n te r in g . TOOL AND DIE M AKER (D iem ak er; jig m a k e r; to o lm a k e r ; fix tu r e m a k e r; gauge m a k e r) C o n stru c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p to o ls , g a u g e s, ji g s , f i x tu re s o r d ies fo r fo rg in g s , punching and o th e r m e ta l- fo r m in g w o rk . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la yin g out o f w o rk fro m m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , o r o th e r o r a l and w r itte n s p e c ifi c a tio n s; using a v a r i e t y o f to ol and die m a k e r *s h an d to o ls and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; u n d erstan d in g o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r tie s o f com m on m e ta ls and a llo y s ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g o f m a c h in e to o ls and r e la te d equipm ent; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop co m p u tatio n s re la tin g to d im en sio n s o f w o rk , s p e e d s , fe e d s , and to o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a ttre a tin g o f m e ta l p a r ts during fa b ric a tio n a s w e ll a s o f fin is h e d to o ls and d ies to a c h ie ve re q u ire d q u a litie s ; w o rk in g to c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; fittin g and asse m b lin g of p a r ts t o ‘ p r e s c r i b e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s; s e le c tin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r i a l s , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e r a l, the to o l and die m a k e r ’s w o rk r e q u ir e s a ro u n d ed tra in in g in m a c h in e -sh o p and to o lro o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u g h a fo rm a l a p p re n tic e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s 8 -in d u s tr y w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , to o l and die m a k e rs in to o l and die jobbing shops a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a tio n . Materia 1 M ov e m e nt JAN ITO R, PO R TER , OR CLEAN ER (S w e e p e r; c h arw o m an ; ja n it r e s s ) C lean s and k e e p s in an o r d e r ly con d itio n fa c to r y w o rk in g a r e a s and w a s h ro o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e , a p a rtm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e rc ia l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : Sw eepin g, m opping SUL s c ru b b in g , and p o lish in g flo o r s ; re m o v in g c h ip s, tr a s h , and o th e r r e f u s e ; d u sting e q u ip m en t, fu r n it u r e , o r fix tu r e s ; p olish in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p ro v id in g su p p lie s and m in o r m a in ten an ce s e r v i c e s ; c le an in g la v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and re s tro o m s . W o rk e rs who s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ash in g a r e e x clu d e d . 27 L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L HANDLING (L o a d e r and u n lo a d e r; h a n d le r and s ta c k e r; s h e lv e r ; tr u c k e r ; sto ck m a n o r s to c k h e lp e r ; w a re h o u se m a n o r w a re h o u s e h e lp e r) A w o r k e r e m p lo y ed in a w a re h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h ose d u ties in v o lv e one o r m o re of the fo llo w in g : L oading and unloading v a rio u s m a te r ia ls and m e rc h a n d is e on o r fro m fr e ig h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th e r tra n s p o rtin g d e v ic e s ; u npacking, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a te r ia ls o r m e rc h a n d is e in p ro p e r s to ra g e lo c a tio n ; tr a n s p o r tin g m a te r ia ls o r m e rc h a n d is e by hand tru c k , c a r , o r w h e e lb a r ro w . L o n g sh o re m e n , who load and u nload sh ip s a r e ex clu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K - C ontinued o th e r r e c o r d s ; ch eckin g fo r s h o rta g e s and re je c tin g dam aged goods; ro u tin g m e rc h a n d is e o r m a te r ia ls to p ro p e r d e p a rtm e n ts; m ain tain in g n e c e s s a r y re c o r d s and f i le s . F o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , w o rk e r s a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s ; R ec e iv in g c le r k Shipping c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k TRU CKD RIVER ORDER F IL L E R (O rd e r p ic k e r ; s to c k s e le c to r ; w a re h o u se stockm an ) F ills sh ipp in g o r t r a n s f e r o rd e rs fo r fin ish e d goods fro m s to re d m e rc h a n d is e in a c c o rd a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s ’ o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s tru c tio n s . M ay, in a d d itio n to fillin g o r d e r s and in d ic a tin g ite m s fille d o r o m itted , keep re c o r d s of o u t going o r d e r s , re q u is itio n a d d itio n a l sto ck , o r re p o rt s h o rt su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m o th e r re la te d d u ties. P A C K E R , SHIPPING P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u cts fo r sh ipm ent o r s to ra g e b y p la cin g them in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e ratio n s p e rfo rm e d being d epen d ent upon the ty p e , s iz e , and nu m b er of units to be p acked , the typ e of c o n ta in e r e m p lo y ed , and m ethod of sh ipm ent. W o rk r e q u ire s the p la c in g of ite m s in shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v o lv e one o r m o re of the fo llo w in g ; K n ow led ge of v a rio u s item s of s to c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y con ten t; s e le c tio n of a p p ro p ria te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in s e r tin g e n c lo s u re s in c o n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r o th e r m a te r ia l to p re v e n t b re a k a g e o r d am ag e; c lo sin g and sea lin g c o n ta in e r; ap p lyin g la b e ls o r e n te rin g id e n tify in g data on c o n ta in e r. P a c k e rs who a ls o m a k e w ooden b oxes o r c r a te s a r e exclu ded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K P r e p a r e s m e rc h a n d is e fo r sh ipm ent, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n sib le fo r in co m in g s h ip m e n t of m e rc h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r i a ls . Shipping w o rk in v o lv e s ; A know ledge of shipping p r o c e d u re s , p r a c tic e s ] ro u te s , a v a ila b le m e a n s of tra n s p o rta tio n and r a t e s ; and p r e p a rin g r e c o r d s o f the goods shipped, m aking up b ills of la d in g , p o s t ing w e ig h t and sh ipp in g c h a rg e s , and keeping a file of shipping r e c o r d s . M ay d ir e c t o r a s s i s t in p re p a rin g the m e rc h a n d is e fo r sh ip m en t. R e c e iv in g w o rk in v o lv e s : V e rify in g o r d ire c tin g o th e rs in v e rify in g the c o r r e c tn e s s o l sh ip m e n ts a g a in st b ills o f lad in g, in v o ic e s , o r D riv e s a tru c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u s tr ia l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r ia ls , m e rc h a n d is e , eq uipm ent, o r m en b etw een v a rio u s typ es of e sta b lis h m e n ts such a s ; M an u fa ctu rin g p la n ts , fr e ig h t d epo ts, w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b etw een r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ’ h ou ses o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a ls o load o r unload tru c k w ith o r w ith ou t h e lp e r s , m ak e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , and keep tr u c k in good w o rk in g o r d e r . D r iv e r - s a le s m e n and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e ex clu d ed . F o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by s iz e and typ e of eq uipm ent, a s fo llo w s ; ( T r a c t o r - t r a i le r should be ra te d on the b a s is of t r a i l e r c a p a c ity . ) T ru c k d r iv e r T r u c k d r iv e r, T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , TRU CKER , (com b ination o f s iz e s lis te d s e p a ra te ly ) lig h t (under IV 2 tons) m ed iu m (IV 2 to and inclu din g 4 to n s ) h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a i l e r ty p el h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, o th e r than t r a i l e r ty p e ) POW ER O p e rate s a m a n u a lly c o n tro lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c tr ic -p o w e re d tru c k o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t goods and m a te r ia ls of a ll kinds about a w a re h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n t, o r o th e r e sta b lis h m e n t. F o r w age stu d y p u rp o s e s , w o rk e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by type of tru c k , a s fo llo w s ; T ru c k e r, p o w e r (fo rk lift) T ru c k e r, p o w e r (o th er than fo r k lift) WATCHMAN M akes rounds o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p ro te c tin g p ro p e r ty a g a in st f i r e , th e ft, and ille g a l e n try . U. S . G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : 1956 0 — 3 7 6 218
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