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U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R Frances Perkins, Secretary B U R E A U OF L A B O R ST A TISTIC S Isador Lubin, Commissioner in cooperation w ith W O R K PROJECTS A D M IN IS T R A T IO N + Salaries and Hours o f Labor in M unicipal Fire Departments July 1,1938 VOLUM E IX Pacific Cities + Prepared by Division o f Construction and Public Employment H E R M A N B. B Y E R , Chief Bulletin T^o. 684 U N IT E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G OFFICE W A S H IN G T O N : 1941 U N ITED STATES D EPARTM ENT OF LABOR F r an c es P e r k in s , Secretary + B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S I sador L ubin , Commissioner A. F. H inrichs, Assistant Commissioner Aryness Joy, Chief, Prices and Cost of Living Branch D onald D avenport, Chief, Em ploym ent and Occupa tional Outlook Branch N. Arnold Tolies, Chief, W ork ing Conditions and Indus trial Relations Branch Henry J. Fitzgerald, Chief, Business Management Branch Sidney W. W ilcox, Chief Stat istician Hugh S. Hanna, Chief, Edi torial and Research CHIEFS OF DIVISIONS Herman B. Byer, Construction and Public Em ploym ent Charles F. Sharkey, Labor Law Inform ation J. M. Cutts, Wholesale Prices Boris Stern, Labor Inform a tion Bulletin Swen Kjaer, Industrial A cci dents Stella Stewart, Retail Prices John J. M ahaney, Tabulation M achine Lewis E. Talbert, Em ploym ent Statistics R obert J. Myers, Wage and Hour Statistics Em m ett H. Welch, Occupa tional Outlook Florence Peterson, Industrial Relations Faith M. Williams, Cost of Living S T A T E , C O U N T Y , A N D M U N IC IP A L S U R V E Y Jesse M. H adley , Director ii CONTENTS Page Summary__________________________________________________________________ Annual salaries: General level of salaries-----------------------------------------------------------------------Salaries in selected occupations_______________________________________ Salaries of privates____________________________________________________ Hours and working conditions: Average hours and days on duty per week____________________________ Items supplied firemen________________________________________________ Vacations with p a y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Prom otion of lower-grade privates-------------------------------------------------------Percentage distribution of employees and salaries: All em ployees_________________________________________________________ Supervisory em ployees________________________________________________ Appendix: T able A.— Cities covered by this report--------------------------------------------T able B.— Number of employees and annual salaries in cities of 100.000 or more, by occupation_________________________ T able C.— Number of employees and annual salaries in cities of 50.000 to 100,000, by occupation_______________________ T able D .— Number of employees and annual salaries in cities of 25.000 to 50,000, by occupation________________________ T able E.— Average hours and days on duty, by occupational di visions_____________________ T able F.— Total salaries and total number of em ployees--------------------- in 1 2 3 7 9 13 13 13 14 15 17 18 21 22 24 26 Letter o f Transmittal U n ited S tates D epar tm en t of L a b o r , B u r e a u of L ab or S tatistics , Washington, D. C., October 16, 191fi. The S ecretary of L abor: I have the honor to transmit herewith the last of a series of nine reports on Salaries and Hours of Labor in Municipal Fire Depart ments. This report covers cities in the Pacific Division States. An explanation of the purposes of the survey was given in the preface to the first report, volume I, New England Cities. I sador L u b in , Commissioner. Hon. F rances P e r k in s , Secretary of Labor. B u lletin A[o. 684 (Vol. DC) o f the U n ited States B u rea u o f Labor Statistics Salaries and H ours o f Labor in M unicipal Fire Departments, Pacific Cities, July 1, 1 9 3 8 1 Summary Employment in the fire departments2 of the 27 Pacific cities having a population of 25,000 3 or more was 6,580 persons on July 1, 1938, and the total annual salaries amounted to $15,623,000. Four-fifths of the persons employed and salaries paid were in the 9 largest cities and nearly half in the 2 largest, Los Angeles and San Francisco. The cities studied included all cities in California, Washington, and Oregon which had a population in excess of 25,000, except the urban township of Belvedere, which had a volunteer department. They ranged in size from Los Angeles, with about one and a quarter million inhabitants, to Bakersfield, Calif., with just over 26,000. Los Angeles had a department of 1,782 persons, or 14 for each 10,000 residents, and the annual expenditures for fire department salaries amounted to $3.63 per capita. The smallest city, Bakersfield, in an oil-producing district, spent a relatively large amount for fire protection. The per capita cost for salaries was $4.78, and the fire department employed 23 persons per 10,000 residents. In San Bernardino, Calif., with the smallest depart ment consisting of 31 employees the comparable figures were 8 em ployees and $1.43. For the entire 27 cities the average figures were $3.76 per capita and 16 employees per 10,000 inhabitants. Ninety-four out of every one hundred employees were in the fire fighting divisions. Of the 94, 63 were privates, 7 were engineers, 4 were drivers, 11 were captains, and 6 were lieutenants; the rest were 1 Analysis and presentation b y Arthur Dadian, Gerald M . Whitright, and M . F. Thurston. Editing and tabulation of data by Mahlon B. Buckman. Carol P. Brainerd, technical adviser. 2 Relatively little general information is available on employment and salaries in city fire departments, in spite of the importance of their functions and the considerable number of their employees. A study on the Salaries and Working Conditions of Fire Department Employees, 1934, by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was published in the M onthly Labor Review of November 1935. In the present study the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with the W ork Projects Administration, has undertaken to compile this informa tion, as of July 1,1938, for cities in the United States having a population of 25,000 or more. This report for the cities in the Pacific States is one of a series which is being issued b y geographic divisions. 3 The U. S. Census of Population for 1930 was used to determine the size of the cities. See appendix for list of the States in the Pacific Division and the cities included in this bulletin. 1 2 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS battalion chiefs, chiefs, and their assistants. The 6 percent not in the fire-fighting divisions were engaged in such activities as fire-alarm operation, fire prevention, maintenance, and clerical work. Sixteen of the twenty-seven cities promoted privates of lower grades automatically after 1 year of service, 10 made promotions on the basis of civil-service appointments, and 1 had no system of promotions. Vacations with pay were granted to nearly all employees, and the average length of the vacation was 14.5 days. The highest individual salary was the. $7,200 received by the chiefs of the Los Angeles and San Francisco Fire Departments, and the lowest was $1,200 paid to fire-alarm operators in Glendale, Calif., and a stenographer in Oakland, Calif. M ore than nine-tenths of all salaries were between $1,650 and $2,750. The spread between the salaries for most grades of supervisory officers and those of privates was rela tively narrow. A bout 94 out of every 100 employees worked under some form of the two-platoon system requiring periods of duty totaling from 70 to 84 hours per week. Annual Salaries General Level o f Salaries Almost three-fifths of the fire-department salaries in the 27 Pacific cities were between $2,150 and $2,450. M ost of the salaries in and above this range were received by employees in the larger cities. These cities had only 9 percent of their fire department employees receiving below $2,150 as compared with 20 percent in the medium sized cities and 76 percent in the small cities. For the sake of brevity the large cities having 100,000 or more in population will be designated in this report as group I ; 4 cities from 50,000 to 100,000 will be designated group II ; and 25,000 to 50,000, group III. The cities with their groupings are shown in appendix table A. Maximum salaries were $7,200 for group I cities, $4,800 for group II, and $3,600 for group III, and in all cases these were salaries paid to department chiefs. The differences in salaries paid according to size of city are shown in table 1 and in chart on page 4. 4 Except for Los Angeles and San Francisco, the populations of the cities in group I were below 500,000. Los Angeles, with 1,238,048 inhabitants, and San Francisco with 634,394 inhabitants have been included in group I because the data for these cities did not vary sufficiently from the data for the other cities to justify separate treatment. 3 PACIFIC CITIES T able 1.— D istrib u tio n o f em p lo yees in fire departm ents o f 2 7 P a cific cities, by sala ry grou p and size o f c ity , J u ly 1, 1 9 3 8 [For a more detailed analysis of data, see appendix tables B, C, and D] Percentage Number Salary group ip C ity group 1 C ity grou p 1 All cities All cities I All groups.. Under $1,250____ 1____________ $1,250 and under $1,350. $1,350 and under $1,450. $1,450 and under $1,550. $1,550 and under $1,650. III II 2 6, 576 5, 254 735 6 1 5 10 18 49 2 12 1 3 I 587 100.0 II 100.0 .1 (3) 7 3 49 .2 .3 .7 (3) III 100.0 100.0 .7 .2 .1 .4 1.2 .5 8. 3 $1,650 and $1,750 and $1,850 and $1,950 and $2,050 and under under under under under $1,750. $1,850. $1,950. $2,050. $2,150. 106 164 159 379 163 11 117 43 226 51 2 7 11 39 77 93 40 105 114 35 1.6 2.5 2.4 5.8 2.5 .2 2.2 .8 4.3 1.0 .3 .9 1.5 5.3 10. 5 15.8 6.8 17.9 19.4 6.0 $2,150 and $2,250 and $2,350 and $2,450 and $2,550 and under under under under under $2,250. $2,350. $2,450. $2,550. $2,650. 1,185 380 2, 343 264 420 967 190 2,200 200 397 140 160 135 55 22 78 30 8 9 1 18.0 5.8 35.6 4.0 6.4 18.4 3.6 41.9 3.8 7.6 19.0 21.8 18.4 7.5 3.0 13.3 5.1 1.4 1.5 .2 $2,650 and $2,750 and $2,850 and $2,950 and $3,050 and under $2,750. under $2,850. under $2,950. under $3,050. o v e r .. 402 114 350 107 47 5 5 2 6.1 1.7 6.7 2.0 6.4 .7 .9 .3 278 136 265 * 115 9 817 4 #4 4.2 2.1 5.1 2.2 1.2 2.3 .7 .7 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on TJ. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular full-time employees. 2 Less than Ho of 1 percent. * Includes 14 at $3,060,1 at $3,120,1 at $3,180, 2 at $3,300, 2 at $3,360, 40 at $3,600,1 at $3,708,1 at $3,780,1 at $3,900, 1 at $4,050, 26 at $4,200, 2 at $4,500, 18 at $4,800, 1 at $5,000, 2 at $5,400, and 2 at $7,200. * Includes 3 at $3,120, 2 at $3,180, 3 at $3,420, 2 at $3,600, 1 at $3,840, 4 at $4,200, 1 at $4,500, and 1 at $4,800. 6 Includes 1 at $3,300 and 3 at $3,600. Salaries in Selected Occupations Salaries were distributed over a wider range in those cities which paid the higher salaries, and in most instances these were the larger cities. Spreads between the salaries for different occupations were also wider and the range of salaries for the same occupation greater in the cities with higher average salary levels. Salaries of all chiefs and nearly all of their immediate assistants in group I and group II cities were above $2,950, but 4 out of 12 chiefs in group III cities had lower salaries. Of 495 captains in the largest cities 220 had salaries between $2,950 and $3,050, and 245 had salaries between $2,550 and $2,850. A majority of the captains in group II cities and all of those in the smallest cities had salaries lower than $2,550. Salaries of privates varied from $1,380 to $2,400 but were generally concentrated in the upper part of this range, except in the smallest cities. Differences between the average salaries of privates and captains were fairly wide. For example, salaries of first grade privates averaged $494, $278 and $195 lower, respectively, than captains’ salaries in the 3 groups of cities. 2 8 6 0 8 5 ° — 4 1 ------- 2 BY SALARY AND SIZE OF CITY PERCENT OF EMPLOYEES JULY I, 1938 PERCENT OF EMPLOYEES IOO 80 60 40 20 U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS EMPLOYEES IN FIRE DEPARTMENTS OF 2 7 PACIFIC DIVISION CITIES 5 PACIFIC CITIES cities , T a b l e 2 . — D istrib u tio n o f fire departm ent em p lo yees in 2 7 P a cific selected o ccu p ation s a nd sa la ry g r o u p , J u l y 1, 1 9 8 8 by [For a more detailed analysis of data, see appendix tables B, C, and D] Chiefs All occupations Salary group C ity group 7 Assistant or deputy chiefs C ity group i All cities C ity group i All cities I II III All cities II I III I II III 9 6 12 27 9 6 12 24 8 5 11 6,576 5,254 735 587 27 9 6 12 39 17 6 16 6 1 5 10 18 49 2 12 1 3 7 3 49 under $1,750___ under $1,850.... under $1,950___ under $2,050___ under $2,150___ 106 164 159 379 163 11 117 43 226 51 2 7 11 39 77 93 40 105 114 35 $2,150 and under $2,250___ $2,250 and under $2,350___ $2,350 and under $2,450___ $2,450 and under $2,550___ $2,550 and under $2,650___ 1,185 380 2, 343 264 420 967 190 140 160 135 55 30 8 397 22 9 1 $2,650 and under $2,750___ $2,750 and under $2,850___ $2,850 and under $2,950 . . . $2,950 and under $3,050___ $3,050 and o v e r _______ _ 402 114 350 107 47 5 2 5 1 278 136 265 115 9 • 17 4 4 4 19 Number of cities reportings T otal number of ployees 3_ ___ em __ Under $1,250.. _ __ _ __ $1,250 and under $1,350___ $1,350 and under $1,450___ $1,450 and under $1,550___ $1,550 and under $1,650___ $1,650 $1,750 $1,850 $1,950 $2,050 and and and and and 27 2 ,2 0 0 200 1 1 3 3 3 3 78 3 3 1 2 •9 4 84 76 1 1 1 1 8 2 6 3 3 1 16 2 9 11 1 10 5 Average annual salary i7_ _ $2,376 $2,428 $2, 326 $1,972 $3,980 $5,042 $4,350 $2,998 $3, 111 $3,702 $3,480 $2,344 Battalion chiefs Assistant deputy chiefs Salary group C ity group i C ity group i All cities All cities I III II 10 2 4 4 13 Total number ployees 3. _ 21 11 5 5 98 em C ity group i All cities I Number of cities reporting. of Captains III II 8 88 I II III 4 1 27 9 6 8 2 710 495 107 12 108 Under $1,250_____________ $1,250 and under $1,350___ $1,350 and under $1,450.._ $1,450 and under $1,550.. $1,550 and under $1,650___ $1,650 and under $1,750.. $1,750 and under $1,850___ $1,85 0 and under $1,950 __ $1,950 and under $2,050___ $2,050 and under $2,150 $2,150 and under $2,250___ $2,250 and under $2,350___ $2,350 and under $2,450. . $2,450 and under $2,550. $2,550 and under $2,650. $2,650 and $2>750 and $2,850 and $2,950 and $3,050 and under $2,750 under $2,850___ under $2,950___ under $3,050___ o v e r ______ . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 7 23 19 12 6 1 2 13 1 2 i i 11 U2 2 2 2 31 57 2 4 29 13 55 2 2 14 2 28 50 20 8 13 7 23 6 17 16 28 17 27 7 34 107 107 76 106 32 106 220 220 12 20 44 Average annual salary 17_ _ $3,669 $4,664 $3,024 $2,124 $3,431 $3,503 $2,895 $2,400 $2,659 $2,811 $2, 536 $ 2 , gee footnotes at end of table, 087 6 T SALARIES AND HOURS IN . MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS able 2 .— D istrib u tio n o f fire departm ent em p lo yees in 2 7 P a cific citiesf selected occu p ation s and sala ry g ro u p , J u l y 1, 1 9 3 8 — Continued Lieutenants Salary group Engineers, fire engine C ity group i I III II Drivers C ity group 1 All cities All cities C ity group i All cities I III II by I II III Number of cities reporting. 11 7 3 1 18 7 4 6 9 5 2 2 T otal number of employees 3-------------------- 363 319 37 7 415 306 60 49 268 246 16 6 under $1,750___ under $1,850___ under $1,950___ under $2'050___ under $2,150 _ _ 23 23 10 12 2 $2,150 and under $2,250 $2^250 and under $2,350___ $2^350 and under $2,450 . . . $2^450 and under $2,550___ $2^550 and under $2,650___ 27 22 80 57 17 68 57 $2,650 and under $2,750___ $2,750 and under $2,850 . . . $2350 and under $2,950___ $2,950 and under $3,050___ $3,050 and o v e r __________ 154 154 Under $1,250_____________ $1,250 and under $1,350___ $1,350 and under $1,450___ $1,450 and under $1,550___ $1,550 and under $1,650___ $1,650 and $1,750 and $L850 and $1,950 and $2,050 and 4 4 10 10 17 10 15 12 7 26 57 14 16 106 86 157 157 14 10 47 14 17 16 12 2 2 16 20 61 183 14 2 2 2 61 183 Average annual salary 17. . $2,476 $2, 497 $2,327 $2,340 $2,503 $2,602 $2,400 $2,011 $2,516 $2,557 $2,123 $1,860 Privates, all grades C ity group * Salary group Number of cities reporting. em ----- Under $1,250 _________ $1,250 and under $1,350___ $1,350 and under $1,450___ $1,450 and under $1,550___ $1,550 and under $1,650___ $1,650 and $1,750 and $1,850 and $1,950 and $2,050 and under under under under under $1,750___ $1,850___ $1,950___ $2,050___ $2,150___ $2,150 and under $2,250___ $2,250 and under $2,350___ $2,350 and under $2,450___ $2,450 and under $2,550 $2 550 and under $2,650 Fire alarm operators C ity group 7 All cities C ity group 1 All cities I T otal number of ployees 3-------------- A uto mechanics II All cities I HI III II I II III 9 6 12 7 4 2 1 17 6 5 6 4,158 3,412 413 333 16 11 3 2 4 78 35 28 15 27 5 5 3 10 49 7 76 121 74 332 106 2 101 4 201 46 10 39 60 902 1,038 206 98 2,143 2,051 104 108 92 $2 650 and under $2,750 $2 750 and under $2,850 $2,850 and under $2,950___ $2 950 and under $3,050. $3,050 and over ________ 3 3 49 4 74 20 60 92 3 9 4 2 32 2 2 6 2 6 4 1 4 1 1 2 10 13 10 14 4 4 3 1 6 2 4 2 4 9 10 7 4 6 4 7 1 Average annual salary17. _ $2, 253 $2,294 $2,220 $1,865 $2,298 $2,329 $2,460 $1,884 $2,126 $2,378 $2,016 $1, 742 See footnotes at end of table. 7 PACIFIC CITIES T able 2 . — D istrib u tio n o f fire departm ent em p lo ye es in 2 7 P a cific cities , by selected occu p ation s and sala ry g ro u p , J u l y 1, 1 9 8 8 — Continued Linemen Others City group 1 Salary group All cities2 I Number of cities reporting.. . . Total number of employees 3. . . Under $1,250___ _ _ .. . $1,250 and under $1,350________ $1,350 and under $1,450 _______ $1,450 and under $1,550 _ _ _ $1,550 and under $1,650.______ $1,650 and under $1,750 _ __ __ $1,750 and under $1,850________ $1,850 and under $1,950. _______ $1,950 and under $2,050 _______ $2,050 and under $2,150._ ____ $2,150 and under $2,250________ $2,250 and under $2,350________ $2,350 and under $2,450 ........... . $2,450 and under $2,550 _______ $2,550 and under $2,650 _______ $2,650 and under $2,750 _______ $2,750 and under $2,850 _______ $2,850 and under $2,950.______ $2,950 and under $3,050________ $3,050 and over_______________ Average annual salary 17______ 8 520 City group 1 All cities II 7 18 I 1 2 27 9 6 287 44 1 8 2 7 9 15 16 18 2 22 9 45 18 2 7 9 $2,160 (18) 3 9 15 2 1 1 12 12 5 36 16 u 29 (18) 4 5 10 1 3 4 3 11 5 2 12 20 12 32 1 5 53 65 7 7 1 31 $2,399 1 2 66 70 10 8 3 $2,375 III 363 3 2 II 5 3 2 1 1 2 4 18 2 (18) (18) 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 N o persons in this occupation in cities of group III. 3 Includes only regular full-time employees. 4 Includes 7 telephone operators and 1 radio operator in city group I. Does not include chief operators. « Does not include helpers. « Includes 1 at $3,180,1 at $3,600, 2 at $4,500, 1 at $4,800, 1 at $5,000, 1 at $5,400, and 2 at $7,200. 7 Includes 4 at $4,200,1 at $4,500, and 1 at $4,800. 8 Includes 1 at $3,300 and 3 at $3,600. • Includes 2 at $3,600,1 at $3,708, 1 at $4,056, 2 at $4,200, 4 at $4,800, and 1 at $5,400. io Includes 2 at $3,420, 2 at $3,600, and 1 at $3,840. n Includes 1 at $3,300 and 10 at $4,800. 12 Includes 1 at $3,120 and 1 at $3,180. 13 Includes 32 at $3,600 and 23 at $4,200. 14 Each recieves $3,120. is Includes 14 at $3,060, 1 at $3,120, 1 at $3,300, 2 at $3,360, 5 at $3,600, 1 at $3,780, 1 at $3,900,1 at $4,200, and 3 at $4,800. i« Includes 1 at $3,180 and 1 at $3,420. 17 Average annual salary is derived b y dividing the total salaries received by the number of employees. See table F. 1®N o average computed because such a heterogeneous group of occupations. Salaries of Privates Privates constituted 63 percent of all the employees and received 60 percent of salary payments. In most cities there were several grades, each having different salary ranges. Only 3 privates were paid a salary as low as $1,380 and none received more than $2,400. While this $1,000 range represented a fairly large spread, 8 out of every 10 salaries were concentrated in the $300 salary range, $2,150 to $2,450. In group I cities, nine-tenths were in this range, in group II, three-fourths, and in group III, one tenth. As a rule, the larger cities had more grades of privates and a larger number in the lower grades. Salaries for the lower grades averaged definitely lower than for the first grade, though some second- and 8 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS third-grade privates in the largest group I cities received higher salaries than some first-grade privates in the smaller cities of the same group. T able 3 . — D istrib u tio n o f privates in fire departm ents o f 2 7 P a cific cities , b y sala ry group and grade , J u ly 1, 1 9 3 8 All grades Number Percentage Salary group C ity group 1 C ity group i All cities All cities I All groups------------------- . 4,158 $1,350 and under $1,450. $1,450 and under $1,550. $1,550 and under $1,650. $1,650 and under $1,750. $1,750 and under $1,850. $1,850 and under $1,950. $1,950 and under $2,050. $2,050 and under $2,150. $2,150 and under $2,250. $2,250 and under $2,350. $2,350 and under $2,450. 3 10 49 76 121 74 332 106 1,038 206 2,143 II 3,412 III 413 7 2 101 4 201 46 902 98 2,051 10 39 60 104 108 92 I 333 100.0 3 3 49 74 20 60 92 .1 .2 1.2 1.8 2.9 1.8 8.0 2.5 25.0 5.0 51.5 32 III II 100.0 100.0 100.0 .9 .9 14.7 22.2 6.0 18.0 27.7 .2 .1 3.0 .1 5.9 1.3 26.4 2.9 60.1 2.4 9.4 14.5 25.2 26.2 22.3 9.6 Num ber of privates by specified grade First Second Third Salary group C ity grou p 1 C ity group 1 All cities All cities I All groups . $1,350 and $1,450 and $1,550 and $1,650 and $1,750 and $1,850 and $1,950 and $2,050 and $2,150 and $2,250 and $2,350 and 3,583 2.990 under $1,450_. under $1,550.. under $1,650.. 36 under $1,750.. 63 under $1,850.. 93 93 under $1,950.. 43 under $2,050.. 207 115 59 under $2,150.. 841 under $2,250.. 731 under $2,350.. 98 under $2,450.. ___ 2,143 2,051 II III 329 264 36 63 43 92 59 80 98 92 30 I 212 3 7 2 7 17 1 39 28 108 C ity group 1 All cities II 149 III 28 I 35 224 187 3 7 7 5 4 17 1 14 7 169 7 2 7 16 1 1 39 9 98 II 2 17 10 III 14 23 5 4 13 1 4 8 6 162 6 1 7 Number of privates b y specified grade— Continued Fourth Fifth Probationary Salary group All cities All groups. $1,350 and under $1,450. _ $1,450 and under $1,550.. $1,550 and under $1,650.. $1,650 and under $1,750. $1,750 and under $1,850.. $1,850 and $1,950 and $2,050 and under $2,150.. L $2,150 and under $2,250. $2,250 and under $2,350 . $2,350 and under $2,450.. 108 C ity group 1 I 66 II 32 III 10 3 3 7 7 All cities 27 C ity group * I 16 II III 10 1 8 89 1 65 1 8 24 5 21 1 All cities C ity group 1 I II 4 4 4 4 III 1 3 13 2 8 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on TJ. S. Census of Population for 1930. PACIFIC CITIES 9 Hours and Working Conditions Average Hours and Days on D uty Per Week A large majority of the employees in a fire department— all of the uniformed men except a few officers— work under a platoon system of assignment. The rest of the employees are either on “ continuous” duty or have the working hours prevailing in the other city bureaus. A platoon is a system of assignment to duty at stated hours, so as to provide equal protection at all times. It is analogous to the systems of shifts in industries operating 24 hours a day, and the platoon itself corresponds to the group working a given set of hours. The single-platoon system operates 24 hours a day on a single tour. Each fireman remains continuously on duty for 2 or more days and then has a day off. The off days are so arranged that the department is equally staffed at all times. Under the single-platoon system the average weekly days and hours on duty are determined by the fre quency of days off. The shortest workweek under this system aver ages 112 hours and 4.7 days on duty; this occurs in the variation in which the fireman has 2 days on duty with the third day off. As the period between days off increases, the length of the workweek also increases and approaches the limit of 168 hours, or the length of a full week of continuous duty. The only variation of the single-platoon system occurring in the Pacific Division is the one with 144 hours and 6 days on duty per week. The single-platoon system was formerly the most prevalent, but most cities in the United States now operate under the double-platoon system. In the simplest form of the double-platoon system one group or platoon works a full 24-hour day and is then relieved by the second platoon which works the next 24 hours. Each platoon is on duty seven 24-hour periods in 14 days, or an average of 3.5 such periods per week. Hours on duty for this and other two-platoon systems which do not provide for extra or additional days off average 84 per week. Under improved forms of the double-platoon system the day is divided into 2 periods or tours of duty— a day tour of 10 or 11 hours and a cor responding night tour of 14 or 13 hours. While one group is on duty the other is off duty. The firemen, however, do not work the same tour constantly but are shifted at regular intervals from day to night duty and vice versa. T o effect the shift, the platoon working the day tour continues on duty through the night, working a full 24-hour day, after which it goes off duty until the following night, when it begins the night tour and continues to work nights until the next shift. The other platoon meanwhile has 24 consecutive hours off duty, reporting on the day tour the following day. Thus one platoon has a 24-hour period of duty and the other a 24-hour period of leave at each shift. 10 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS The frequency of shifts under this type of double-platoon system varies from as often as once in 3 days to once in 30 days, resulting in average number of days on duty varying from 5.8 to 6.8 days per week; the less frequent the shifts, the larger the number of days or work periods per week. The following illustrates the variation used in Seattle, Wash. T w o -P la to o n System (S hift on F o u rth D ay) D ay 1 2 3 4 First platoon x x x x x x x x x x ---------------------------------x x x x x x x x x x --------------------------------x x x x x x x x x x ---------------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6 ---------------------x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 7 ---------------------x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 8 ------------------------------------------------ 5 Second platoon xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx ----------------------------------------------------------- x x x x x x x x x x ---------------------------x x x x x x x x x x ---------------------------x x x x x x x x x x ---------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx N ote.—Each X represents 1 hour on duty. Each - represents 1 hour off duty. It will be noted that on the fourth day the members of the first platoon work a full 24 hours, and the second platoon is off duty 24 hours. This 24-hour period of time on and off duty results in the first platoon changing to the night tour on the fifth day, and the second platoon changing to day duty. Thus, the 24-hour tours are always a signal for a shift in the platoons. Some variations of the two-platoon system eliminate 24-hour periods of duty, and the present trend is toward the three-platoon system, which divides the day into three 8-hour tours of duty in order to make the hours on duty shorter and to avoid the long 24-hour tours. However, there were no instances of this system in the Pacific cities. In most departments, the entire fire-fighting division operates wholly under one of the three general types of platoon systems, but certain officers— mainly chiefs or other high ranking officers— are reported on “ continuous duty,” which simply means that they are subject to call at any time. There are other employees not in the uniformed force, such as clerks and maintenance men, who usually work the hours prevailing in private industry or in the other depart ments of the city government. Average days on duty in the Pacific cities ranged from 3 to 7 days per week, according to the type of system used. Ninety-four out of one hundred employees worked under some form of the two-platoon system. Sixty of these worked under variations of the system which required from 3.5 to 6.8 days on duty in a workweek averaging 84 hours. The remaining 34 were employed under systems which varied from 3 to 6 days, and averaged fewer than 84 hours per week. The other 6 percent of the employees were engaged in clerical, main- PACIFIC CITIES 11 tenance, and similar types of work, with an average workweek of 5.5 days and 44.5 hours. A considerable number of cities in the Pacific Division, including some of the largest, were using the form of double-platoon system which required firemen to be on duty a full 24 hours, followed by 24 hours off, either with or without additional time off. Nineteen of the twenty-seven cities reported this arrangement of hours. Fire department employees in these cities constituted 58 percent of total employees in the cities studied. The remaining employees worked under two-platoon systems in which the day was divided into day and night tours of duty. able 4. — A verage hours and days on d u ty per week in fire departm ents o f 2 7 P a cific cities , J u ly 1 , 1 9 3 8 12 T [For a more detailed analysis of data, see appendix table E] System of operation City group 1 C ity group 1 All cities 144 2-platoon—regular3-------------On 24 hours, off 24 hours. Shift 3d day____________ Shift 4th day___________ Shift 6th day___________ Shift 7th d a y___________ Shift 15th day__________ 84 84 84 84 84 84 2-platoon—with additional time off duty •________ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.5 day per weekOverlapping-group system, off 1 day per week. On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.2 day per week. On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.1 day per week. 10-group system, off 1.2 days per week_______ 72 72 78 81 70 Other 7. 44.5 7.0 24 3 3.5 5.8 6.1 1 11 5 1 _______ 2 2 4 1 _______ 6.4 6.5 6.8 1 1 __________ 1 __________ 1 3 _______ 1 2 1 ____ 1 ___ 3.0 4 3.3 3.4 5.8 2 _______________ 2 2 1 1 _______ 1 1 _______________ 6.0 5.5 1 24 1 _______ 3 1 __________ 9 III II 2 6,576 Single platoon:3 On 6 days, off 1 day. All cities III All systems______ 168 City group 1 All cities II Continuous d uty. Percentage of employees Number of employees 5, 254 735 II 587 4 1 3 3,958 2,861 78 548 48 318 105 3,010 2,462 586 362 229 170 78 _______ 2,211 334 1,110 1,954 59 542 166 379 100.0 11 548 174 105 211 1,110 75 467 166 75 278 69 48 144 182 123 100.0 .2 III 100.0 .7 100.0 1.4 W 60.2 43.5 1.2 8.3 .7 4.9 1.6 57.3 46.9 33.6 5.1 16.9 .9 37.2 4.0 8.2 2.5 5.7 5 79.7 31.1 10.6 10.4 23.7 14.3 21.1 8.9 3.2 10. 2 ___ 31.0 21.0 ~~~ io.'o 10.2 ____ 5.4 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2Includes only regular, full-time employees. 3 The average number of hours on duty per week for employees in each variation of the single-platoon system is arrived at b y dividing the total number of hours on duty per year for each variation b y 52.143. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at b y dividing the total number of days on duty per year by 52.143. i Less than a tenth of 1 percent. « Under each variation of the regular 2-platoon system the employees work in 2 groups, 1 group is on duty while the other is off duty. Over a period of days, therefore, each group is on duty as many hours as the other, or an average of 12 hours a day and 84 hours a week. Each variation of the 2-platoon system, however, spreads these 84 hours into different numbers of days on duty per week. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at by dividing the number of days on duty per year b y 52.143. 6 Under the 2-platoon system with additional time off duty the employees are on duty less than an average of 84 hours per week. The average number of hours on duty per week under this system is arrived at b y deducting the number of additional weekly hours off duty from 84. The average number of days on duty per week is arrived at b y dividing the number of days on duty per year by 52.143. 7 The average number of hours and days per week is arrived at by dividing the total weekly man-hours and man-days by the total number of employees under “ other.” SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS Number of cities reporting Average Average hours on days on duty per duty per week week 13 PACIFIC CITIES Items Supplied Firem en All cities supplied sleeping quarters for men on night duty and all except two cities furnished the necessary beds, bedding, linen, and laundry service. Fire helmets were supplied by 12 cities and 1 or more minor items by 19. The smaller cities, which paid lower salaries, generally supplied more items than the larger cities, and a group III city, Stockton, Calif., was the only one to supply uniforms or material for uniforms. T a b l e 5 .— Item s supplied to firemen o f 27 Pacific cities, J u ly 1, 1988 Number of cities supplying City group 1 Number of cities Sleeping Beds, quarters bedding, for men linen, on night laundry duty All cities _________ 27 27 25 Group I_ ___-_ Group II Group I I I .-. _ ___ 9 9 9 5 6 12 6 12 Helmets Rubber coats Rubber boots 3 12 3 Cloth and trim mings for uniform Minor items 1 1 19 1 1 10 5 4 1 2 7 11 2 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Vacations w ith Pay All but 42 of the 6,576 employees of Pacific cities fire depart ments received vacations with pay. M ore than half had vacations of 15 days and more than a third had 14-day vacations. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups of cities in the average length of vacation granted. T a b l e 6. — Number of employees receiving specified vacation with pay in fire depart ments of 27 Pacific cities , J u ly 1 , 1988 City group i Number of cities All cities__________ 27 Group I ____ - ........... 9 Grnnp TT G rnnp TTT 6 12 Total number of em ployees 2 Number of employees having— No vaca tion 6,576 42 5,254 735 587 42 12 days 14 days 15 days 205 2,322 3,779 205 1,747 387 188 3, 237 143 399 16 days 21 days 200 28 200 28 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular full-time employees. Prom otion o f L ow er Grade-Privates Promotion of lower-grade privates after 1 year of service took place automatically in 16 cities; while in 10 others promotion was by civilservice appointment, and in 1 by non-civil-service appointment. 14 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS Promotion from grade to grade is to be distinguished from increases in pay based upon length of service within a given grade. Where promotions were not automatic civil service was the general rule, with group III cities making the greatest use of this mode of promotion. T able 7 .— Promotion of lower-grade privates in fire departments of 27 Pacific cities, July 1, 1988 City group 1 Total number of privates Total number of cities Number of cities with promotion— By civil-service examination After year 1 All cities_____________________ 4,158 27 Group I ______•________________ Group I I __________ __________ Group I I I .___________________ 3,412 413 333 9 6 12 16 By appointment 10 6 3 5 5 6 1 1 1 i Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 60,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Percentage Distribution of Employees and Salaries A ll Employees Ninety-four percent of the employees of fire departments in the 27 Pacific cities studied were in the fire-fighting divisions; and these divisions accounted for almost exactly the same percentage of total salaries. Of each 94 men engaged in fire-fighting work, 63 were privates, 11 engineers and drivers, 16 were captains and lieutenants, 3 chiefs, assistants to chiefs, and battalion chiefs; the remainder were engaged on miscellaneous work. The higher ranking officers were a larger proportion of all employees in the smaller cities than in group I cities. This situation was due to the fact that in the larger cities each officer was in charge of a greater number of men. As would be expected, the officers and administrative staffs received a somewhat larger share of total salaries than would be indicated by the percentage of their number to the total number of employees. For example, chiefs were 0.2 percent of the employees in group I cities and received 0.4 percent of the salaries; for group II the cor responding figures were 0.8 and 1.5; and for group III cities they were 2.1 and 3.1 percent. These differences between the personnel and salary percentages were less for the small cities, where the total range of salaries was narrower; and the salary differences were also less for officers of lower grades. Captains and lieutenants were 16 percent of all employees in group I cities, and received 17 percent of the salaries In the other two groups of cities they constituted 20 percent of the total personnel and received 21 percent of the salaries. In contrast, all privates, who constituted 63 percent of total employees, received 60 percent of the salaries. 15 PACIFIC CITIES T a b l e 8 .— Percentage distributions of employees and salaries in specified divisions in fire departments o f 27 Pacific cities , J u ly 1, 1938 Percentage of employees Division 1 and occupation All divisions __ ______ All cities ________ Fire fighting_______ ___________ Chiefs_______________________ Assistant or deputy chiefs_____ Assistant deputy chiefs __ ____ Battalion chiefs. __ ______ _ _ Captains_______________ ___ Lieutenants______ _____ ____ Pilots and first mates___ _____ Engineers, fire engine-------------Engineers, marine_____ ____ _ D riv ers._____ ____ ____ _ _ _ Privates, all grades--------- ___ Miscellaneous_____ ________ _ Fire prevention__________________ Apparatus______________________ Fire alarm. ............ .............. ........ Clerical ___ _______ ______ _____ Miscellaneous _ ______ ___ _ 1 0 0 .0 93.8 .4 .6 .3 1.5 1 0 .8 5.5 .4 6.3 .3 4.1 63.2 .4 1.3 1 .6 2 .1 .9 .3 City group Percentage of salaries 2 D II III 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 94.5 .2 .3 .2 1.7 9.4 6 .1 90.1 .8 .8 .7 1 .1 14.6 5.0 91.7 2 .1 2.7 .9 .3 18.4 1 .2 .4 5.8 .3 4.7 65.0 .4 2 .2 1 .0 56.2 .5 56.7 8 .2 1 .1 1 .6 2 .2 1 .6 1.5 4.6 1 .0 1 .0 .3 City group All cities 8.4 1 0 0 .0 94.0 .7 .8 .5 2 .1 1 2 .1 5.8 .4 6 .6 .3 4.3 60.0 .4 2.4 1.7 3.7 .5 .5 1.3 1 .6 2 .0 .8 .3 I II 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 94.6 .4 .5 .4 2.4 10.9 6 .2 .5 2 III 90.6 1.5 1 .2 .9 1.4 15.9 5.0 8.4 6 .2 .4 4.9 61.4 .4 1 0 0 .0 91.7 3.1 3.2 .9 .4 19.5 1.4 8.5 2 .0 1 .0 53.7 53.7 .6 2.3 1 .1 1 .6 1 .8 1.5 .9 .3 4.2 .7 2.5 1 .8 3.5 .5 .4 1 All fire departments assign men from the fire-fighting division to the other divisions and carry these assigned men on the fire-fighting division list. This is done to provide the fire department with a reserve for cases of emergency. As a result of this method of assignment, the fire-fighting division is always shown to be larger than it actually is on a routine day. Some other factors are also responsible for the small size of the non-fire-fighting divisions. In some cities, the maintenance work is let to private contractors; part of the fire-prevention work is done by the building inspector’s office; and the fire-alarm work is done by the local telephone company or by a separate city bureau. 2 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 60,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Supervisory Employees Supervisory employees included 19 percent of the total in group I cities, 25 percent in group II, and 29 percent in group III cities. Percentages of total salaries were in all cases somewhat higher, but the ratio of the salary percentage to the percentage of personnel was smallest in group III cities. T a b l e 9 .— Number and salaries of supervisory employees 1 as percentage of total fire-department employees and total salaries in 2 7 Pacific cities , J u ly l f 1938 Item Supervisory employees as percentage of all employees________________ Supervisory salaries as percentage of total salaries____ _____ __________ Ratio of salaries to employees. __ __ _ ___________________________ All cities] 2 0 .1 23.1 1.15 City group 2 I 18.5 .6 1.17 21 II 25.3 28.5 1.13 III 28.8 32.1 1 .1 1 1 Supervisory employees are those in all divisions who have others working under them. The group includes the chiefs, assistant chiefs, assistant deputy chiefs, battalion chiefs, captains, lieutenants, mar shals or wardens, superintendents, chief fire alarm operators, chief clerks, assistants to these officers who also supervise the activities of others, and others, who direct other employees. 2 Group I includes cities having a population of 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Appendix The Pacific Division includes the States of California, Oregon, and Washington. Table A shows cities covered by this report with their populations in 1930, the proportion of firemen to each 10,000 population, and the per capita salary costs. Tables B, C, and D give the number of persons employed and the individual occupational salaries in each of the cities of groups I, II, and III, respectively. Table E summarizes total employment and total salaries paid in each division and occupa tion for all cities and for each size group. Table F shows average weekly hours and days on duty under various systems of operation by divisions for all cities and for each size group. All data in the tables except population are as of July 1, 1938. T a b l e A .— Fire department employees and salary costs in relation to population in Pacific cities with a population of 2 5 ,0 0 0 or more J u ly 1, 1988 Population City All cities _____ _ ______ _ _ _____ _____ _ _ Group I—cities of 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 and over__ __________________ Long Beach, C a lif_____ _ . _ _ _______ _______ ___ Los Angeles, Calif _ _ .. _ __ __ ____________ __ Oakland, Calif ________________ _ _ _ _ __ __ Portland, Oreg. __ __ __ __ ___ _ ___ _____ San Diego, Calif_ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _____ _____ San Francisco, Calif______ __ ________ __ __ ____ Seattle, Wash __ __ _____ ___ _____ ______ _ __ Spokane, Wash__ __ ____ ___ Tacoma, Wash _ _ ________ _ _ Group II—cities of 50,000 to 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 _ ___________ __ Berkeley, Calif. _ _ _________ ______ _____ Fresno, Calif ______ _ _ _ ______ ___ _____ . __ _____ ____ Glendale, Calif___ __ _ Pasadena, Calif ____ _ _______ _ ______ __ _ Sacramento, Calif ___ _ __ _______ _ _____ _______ San Jose, Calif _ _ ________ _ _____ _____ _ Group III—cities of 25,000 to 50,000________________________ Alameda, Calif. _____ _____ ._ _____ _ Alhambra, Calif _ _ _ _ _ ________ __ _ _ Bakersfield, Calif____ _ ... . . . ___. . . ___ _ Bellingham, Wash ______ ___ _ _______ ______ Everett, Wash __ .1 _ ____________________ _____ Riverside, Calif __ _____ ____ _______ _______________ Salem, Oreg ______ ______________________________ San Bernardino, Calif_______ _ ______________________ Santa Ana, Calif __________________________________ Santa Barbara, Calif__________________________________ Santa Monica, C a lif____________________________ .. _ Stockton, Calif. _________________________________ _ 2 Employees per 1 0 , 0 0 0 Per capita salary cost 4,155,503 16 $3.76 3,336,261 16 3.82 142,032 1,238,048 284,063 301,815 147,995 634,394 365,583 115, 514 106,817 16 14 15 17 14 19 16 13 17 4.02 3.63 3.78 3.90 3.16 4. 71 3. 61 2.45 3.58 424,845 17 4.02 82,109 52, 513 62, 736 76,086 93, 750 57,651 14 27 14 16 14 3.18 6.07 3.00 3. 74 4.99 3.29 394, 397 15 2.94 35,033 29,472 26, 015 30,823 30, 567 29,696 26,266 37,481 30,322 33,613 37,146 47,963 15 13 23 15 14 3. 37 2. 73 4. 78 2. 59 2. 70 20 12 2 .1 1 18 3.04 1.43 2.17 3.08 2.06 4.81 8 12 16 10 23 1 Includes all cities with a population of 25,000 or more. Belvedere Township (33,023), Calif., classified as urban by special rule of the U. S. Bureau of the Census, has not been included because the fire department for Belvedere is composed of volunteers. 2 Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 17 All occupations3 _____________ Fire fighting: Chiefs___________________ Assistant or deputy chiefs.. Assistant deputy chiefs___ Battalion or district chiefs.. Captains________________ Lieutenants_____________ Pilots___________________ First mates______________ Engineers, fire engine_____ Engineers, marine________ Drivers___ _____ _________ Privates: 1 st grade_____________ 2 d grade_____________ 3d grade_____________ 4th grade____________ 5th grade____________ Probationary_________ Miscellaneous: Drillmasters_________ Foremen of volunteers. Hosemen____________ Oilers. Stokers.. Fire prevention: Marshals or wardens_________ Assistant marshals or wardens. Inspectors___________________ Miscellaneous: Fire prevention engineers.. 5,254 1,782 228 $4,500 3,600 17 11 $7,200 5,400 4,800 24 3,600 3,000 220 1 1 3,000 2,700 88 495 319 66 16 4 3,600 2,820 2,670 2,964 2,592 2,412 2,580 157 2,460 183 2,580 2,520 2,400 2,340 2,220 901 63 104 38 2,400 2,280 2,160 2,040 2,400 2,280 2,160 2 2 25 18 246 2,990 149 187 $4,500 3,708 3,000 2.700 2.700 21 2 306 $5,400 4,200 10 113 2 6 1 2 2 ,1 0 0 2,040 2,640 47 2 $7,200 4,800 23 75 123 5 4,200 2,820 2,670 3,060 28 2,640 3,060 2,520 813 32 35 2,400 2,280 2,160 , 328 2 ,2 2 0 2,136 2,052 1,956 1,872 1, 776 10 296 $4,800 4,056 3,300 3,000 2,640 2,496 2,520 $5,000 $3,180 2,484 2,520 3,000 2,640 2.400 2.400 1,992 1,860 2,400 2,280 2,160 2,280 2.400 2.400 2.232 2,400 2,640 1,932 2.232 2,160 2,160 1,800 1,662 1, 512 2 ,1 0 0 2,040 1,980 2 ,1 0 0 2,040 2,280 115 1 4 2,040 1,920 1,800 3,000 3,000 (3) 1,920 2,040 2,160 1,920 2,160 2,460 3,000 2,700 2,400 180 586 1,190 200 3,600 2,400 2,964 2, 592 2,328 4,800 2,820 2,400 3,000 3,000 2, 232 2, i.60 1,992 2,040 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS Division and occupation Washington Oregon California Total Tacoma Oakland Seattle Spokane Portland San Diego San Francisco number Long Beach Los Angeles of em ployees Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary ber ber ber ber ber ber rate rate ber rate rate ber rate rate ber rate rate rate 18 T a b l e B . — Number of employees and annual salaries in fire departments of each of 9 Pacific cities with a population of 1 00,000 or m ore 1 by occupations, J uly 1, 1988 Apparatus: Superintendents of machinery_____ Assistant superintendents of machin ery— Machinists______________________ Auto mechanics__________________ General mechanics: Plumbers____________________ Painters_____________________ 1 1 3,600 1 2,964 1 3,000 2,468 2,496 I 2,468 2, 496 1 1 2.412 2.412 1 2 220 3,000 1 2,580 1 2, 580 (l 5 ( l 3l / /1 - - - Operators, telephone. Operators, radio____ Inspectors_________ Electricians________ Linemen___________ Linemen’s helpers__ Miscellaneous: Cable splicers___ Clerical: Secretaries_________ Assistant secretaries.. Chief clerks________ Accountants, senior.. Accountants, junior.. Clerks_____________ See footnotes at end of table. 4,800 1 /l f 2,468 2,496 2 1 2 1 2 } 2,468 2,496 2,468 1.907 1.907 1 2,400 , 2,400 1 2,134 1 2 ,1 1 2 1 2, 519 1 2,051 3,000 1 7 2,400 1, 920 1,680 1 2,376 4,200 3,900 2,460 1 11 ii 2,964 1 3,600 1 2,640 2,232 2,400 / 2 ,2 2 0 2,328 2,412 1 l _ \ 3 1 } { 1 5 4 7 2,580 2,700 2,400 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 12 2,172 2,400 1 1 5 3.600 3.600 3,300 2,400 1 2.460 2.460 2,280 1 3 2,592 2,400 1 1 1 2,592 4,800 2,400 2,640 1 2,400 1 2,700 1 1 - 2,340 1 1,872 1,500 1 2,484 1 3,120 4 2,280 3,000 2.640 i 2,400 2.640 / 3 1 1 1,776 2,607 1,752 2 1,860 1 2 1 2,640 2,640 2,040 1 3,000 1 2,058 1 2,160 2 1,788 2 ,2 2 0 f 680 to I 12,040 1j < 1 2,232 1 1 1 2 4 2,280 2,172 1 1 2 2, 712 2,400 1,800 1 1 1 1 2,640 PACIFIC CITIES Operators, fire alarm_______________ 2,400 1 1 1 Blacksmiths_________________ __ Carpenters____________________ Sheet metal workers___________ Machinist’s helpers____________ Blacksmith’s helpers___________ Miscellaneous: Hydrant repairmen________ Hydrant repairmen’s helpersStorekeepers_______________ Storeroom clerks___________ Woodworkers______________ Fire alarm: 5 Superintendents___________________ Assistant superintendents__________ Chief fire alarm operators__________ 3 * B .— N u m b er o f em p lo yees and annual salaries in fire departments o f each o f 9 P a cific cities with a p op u la tion o f 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore by occupations, J u ly 1, 1 9 3 8 — Continued Division and occupation Clerical—Continued. Bookkeepers 4 Stenographers 19 _ _ ______ Typists___ _ _ _______ Miscellaneous: Telephone operators___________ Multigraph operators____ ______ Miscellaneous: Building inspectors Assistant building inspectors _ _ Building plans engineers.. __ Draftsmen . ......... _____ Physicians Physiotherapists .... Supply drivers _____ $1,800 1,980 fl, 440 \ to ?9 12,040 { i 2 1 1 1 3 $1 , 2 0 0 1,500 2 $2,700 1,980 1 2 ,1 0 0 1 2 ,2 2 0 1 2,040 1 2,040 1 3,780 2,460 3,360 1 1,500 2 6 2 2 1 1 5 2 1 $2,580 1 } 2 $1,500 3 $1,788 1 1 2,400 (3) (3) 1 Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. a Totals include regular full-time employees, but do not include part-time employees, call men, or volunteers. Call men. Except for duties of superintendent of machinery, work in this division performed by a separate city bureau. * Work of this division performed by a separate city bureau in Los Angeles and San Francisco. 8 Includes 6 at $1,680, 3 at $1,800, 2 at $1,920, and 1 at $2,040. 7 1ncludes 2 at $1,440, 2 at $1,680, 4 at $1,800, and 1 at $2,040. 3 4 Washington 2 2,232 1 2,280 $3,000 1,920 SALAKIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS Oregon California Total Portland Seattle Oakland San Diego San Francisco Spokane Tacoma number Long Beach Los Angeles of em ployees Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary Num Salary ber ber ber ber rate ber ber rate ber rate rate rate rate ber rate rate ber rate 20 T able 21 PACIFIC CITIES C .— Number of employees and annual salaries in fire departments of each of 6 Pacific cities with a population of 5 0 ,0 0 0 and under 1 00 ,0 0 0 ,l by occupations, J u ly 1, 1988 a b l e California 2 Qlendale Pasadena Sacramento San Jose D o l. _ _ _ _________ 735 115 _____ 143 _____ 87 Fire fighting: 1 4,500 1 4,200 Chiefs__________ ____ 6 6 1 3,420 1 3,420 Assistant or deputy chiefs _ 5 1 3,120 2 3,000 Assistant deputy chiefs__ 2 2,700 Battalion or"district chiefs _ _ 8 107 15 2,460 2 0 2,400 Captains- _ . _ _ _ ____ Lieutenants, ___ ________ _ 37 15 2,340 1 0 2 , 2 2 0 60 1 0 2,280 14 2,160 Engineers, fire engine 16 2 2,280 14 2 , 1 0 0 Drivers. __ _ _ _ Privates: 1 st grade. ____________ 329 30 2 , 2 2 0 59 2 , 1 0 0 28 7 2,160 2 d grade _____ 14 1 2 ,1 0 0 3d grade „ __ _____ 4th grade, __________ ___ 32 15 2,040 1,920 } . . . 10 5th grade_____ _______ (l «8 1,980 J Miscellaneous: 1 2,400 Drill masters. _ _____ 2 Assistant drill masters__ 2 Fire prevention: 3 1 3,420 Marshals or wardens _ __ 3 1 2,400 Assistant marshals __ __ __ 2 1 Chief inspectors _ _____ _ Inspectors___ ____ ___ _ 1 0 3 2 ,1 0 0 Apparatus: 4 Superintendents of machin 1 3,000 ery ________ _______ 4 Assistant superintendents of 1 2,400 machinery _ _ __ _ __ 3 1 2,700 3 2 2,340 Auto mechanics. __________ 1 1 2,340 Blacksmiths __ _ __ 1 1 2,400 Hydrant men __ ____ Fire alarm: 4 Superintendents _ __ 2 1 2,400 Chief fire-alarm operators___ 2 Operators, fire alarm __ _ _ 28 2 ,2 2 0 6 4 2,280 Linemen _______ ______ _ 2 Clerical: 1 1,500 1 1,920 Secretaries ___________ __ 5 1 2 1,800 Clerks . _________ ___. Miscellaneous: 2 Officers, ambulance corps___ 2 Drivers, ambulance corps___ 1 D o l. D o l. 118 4,200 D o l. 191 4,800 3,840 3,180 2 3,000 14 2,700 2 3,120 30 2,700 16 2,460 20 58 5 3 4 92 2,400 10 2,280 7 2,160 9 2,040 1 1 1 2 2 2,760 16 2,340 50 2,160 1 2,040 2,280 2,160 2,040 1,920 1 2 1 1 2 2,340 2,160 1 2,340 4,200 3,600 1 3,000 1 2,640 1 2,460 1 2,580 3,180 1 6 2,400 1,800 1 1 2,400 1,500 2,460 1 1 ,2 0 0 7 2,460 2 2,160 1 1,500 2 2 2,160 1,680 1 1,440 Salary rate 4,200 3,000 2,820 12 12 2,520 2,400 40 5 3 4 2,280 2,150 2,040 1,920 1 2,520 1 2, 520 3,000 2,820 4 2,400 1 1 1 1 2,580 3,000 2,460 5 D o l. 81 1 1 Number Salary rate Number Salary rate Number I Salary rate | Number Salary rate Number Salary rate D o l. All occupations Fresno j Berkeley Number Division and occupation | Total number of em| ployees | T 1 Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Totals include regular, full-time employees, but do not include part-time employees, call men, or volunteers. 3 Men from fire-fighting force assigned to this work in Berkeley. 4 Work of this division performed by a separate city bureau in San Jose. Alameda Alhambra o Division and occupation H a3 a& a $ o H 8 2 & £ a3 £ ► * a aJ 1 aS3 GQ Fire fighting: Chiefs____________ _ _______ Assistant chiefs_____ . . . ______ Assistant deputy chiefs___ Battalion chiefs____ _______ Captains_______ _ _ _____ Lieutenants_____________ ____ Engineers, fire engine____ _____ Drivers_______ ____________ Privates: 1 st grade_________________ 2 d grade__________________ 3d grade............................. 4th grade______________ -5th grade_______ _______ __ Fire prevention: 3 Marshals or wardens- __ _.. Assistant marshals or wardens - _ Inspectors___ ____________ Apparatus: 4 Superintendents of machinery. __ Assistant superintendents of machinery__________ ____ Master mechanics. . _. _ _ Auto mechanics___ _____ ____ Miscellaneous: Superintendents, hydrants and water______________ 587 12 16 5 51 1 2 la GQ 3,600 2,760 1 § GQ & 1 08 D ol. 1 ■a GQ & D ol. 35 3,600 2,700 a 1 S 8 2 2 a a GQ Q S D o l. 31 a •a GQ 30 2 1 ,220 2,160 1, 920 2 9 2 ,1 0 0 1,920 1,860 4 1,800 8 1 1 6 1 5 1 8 2 2 S GQ 1 0 % D o l. 53 a •a GQ 2, 700 1 1 2,970 1 2 2 ,1 0 0 1 1,980 1 2,400 1,920 1,800 1 2 ,1 0 0 6 1,920 8 1,740 10 1,884 12 2 ,1 0 0 8 2 ,2 2 0 6 1, 752 10 1,920 8 2 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,0 0 0 2 2,520 Salem <s> 08 1 0 fc (h ► » a •a U J8 0 GQ Belling ham 08 >> a •a a a fc GQ >> a a GQ § D o l. 43 3,600 2,700 2,340 1 1 20 2,190 7 1,800 7 1,860 59 2,040 13 1,920 4 1,830 6 1, 710 36 1,620 3 1,500 25 1,740 2,400 1,980 2 1 0 D o l. 45 2 1 1 S 2 1 D ol. 48 Everett 8 $ GQ DoZ. 112 1 1 3,000 2,400 Stockton D o l. 36 1 8 12 2 2,340 2,160 2 ,1 0 0 19 2,040 2 1,920 5 1,800 4 1,800 4 1,740 1,680 3 1,560 12 18 1,680 1 1,620 1,680 3 1,620 1 1,560 8 2,280 1 2,580 2 2 ,2 2 0 1 2,400 1 1 1 2,400 1 1 1,944 16 1,860 1 1,800 4 1,740 1 1,680 1 1 , 620 1 2 ,1 0 0 14 1,980 1 2 2,400 1,980 1 3,000 2,280 2,160 6 2,040 19 4 1,860 1,800 1,620 1 2,040 1 2,040 1 1,980 1 1 1,740 1,860 1 2 6 3 1,380 1 2,190 2 2,040 1 1,740 1 2,700 1 1,980 1,680 1 1 2 a3 D o l. 36 10 1 7 8 M 1 Santa Monica 2 7 2, 460 7 2,340 6 264 35 23 i 2 2,400 9 2,280 h 03 59 3,300 808 1 0 D o l. 38 2 108 7 49 >> a Santa Ber Riverside San nardino Santa Ana Barbara 03 (-4 2 D o l. All occupations3 _________________ Bakers field Washington 2,040 1, 884 1 2,190 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS Oregon California a© 22 T a b l e D .— Number of employees and annual salaries in fire departments of each of 12 Pacific cities with a population of 2 6 ,0 0 0 and under 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,l by occupations, J u ly 1, 1938 Eire alarm: 5 Superintendents Assistant superintendents Fire alarm operators Miscellaneous: Radio toohnioians Clerical: 8 Secretaries Stenographers 4 1 2 1 15 2 1 2,280 1,920 1,860 1 1 2,040 3 1, 740 1 1 4 1,380 2 1 , 812 2 1,920 2 2,280 2,040 1,920 1 3 1,980 2 ,2 2 0 1 1, 980 (7) 1 1, 710 1 1,860 C) Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Totals include regular, full-time employees, but do not include part-time employees, call men, or volunteers. Work of this division performed by men from fire-fighting force in Salem. Work of this division performed by men from fire-fighting force in Alameda. Work of this division performed by separate city bureau in Alameda and by men from fire-fighting force in Stockton. In San Bernardino, except for fire-alarm operators assigned from fire-fighting force, work of the division is under a separate city bureau. In Everett, fire-alarm operators are assigned from fire-fighting division. 6 Clerical work in Santa Ana performed by separate city bureau. 7 Part time. 1 2 3 4 6 PACIFIC CITIES fcO 0 0 24 SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS T a b l e E . — Average hours and days on duty per week in fire departments o f 2 7 Pacific cities , by occupational division , J u ly 1 , 1938 All divisions System of operation Average Average hours on days on duty per duty per week week All cities City group 1 I Continuous duty........................................ 168.0 Single-platoon: 6 On 6 days, off 1 day________________ 2 24 7.0 144 84 84 84 84 84 84 3.5 5. 8 6 .1 6.4 6.5 6 .8 -platoon—with additional time off duty8_. Other®____ ___________________________ 72 3.0 72 6 .0 735 587 5 8 3 1 3, 958 3, 010 586 362 2,861 78 548 48 318 105 2, 462 229 78 170 548 48 144 174 105 1,954 2 ,2 1 1 On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.5 day per w eek_______ _____ _____ _ _ Overlapping-group system, off 1 day per week__ _________ _ _ _ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0 . 2 day per week______ _ ________ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.1 day perweek... _ . . . __ ________ 1 0 -group system, off 1 . 2 days per week, _ III 11 4 6 .0 'platoon—regular7 ____________________ On 24 hours, off 24 hours____________ Shift 3d day. _ _ _______________ Shift 4th day______________________ Shift 6 th day______________________ Shift 7th d a y .______ _____________ _ Shift 15th day_____________________ 2 5,254 6,576 Total number of employees 2..... ................ II 334 75 182 123 211 1 ,1 1 0 1 ,1 1 0 78 3.3 59 81 70 3.4 5.8 542 166 467 166 75 44.5 5.5 379 278 69 59 32 Division Fire fighting Fire prevention Apparatus System of operation All cities City group 1 I II III Total number of employees 2 ____________ 6,165 4,965 662 538 Continuous duty___ Single-platoon: 6 On 6 days, off 2 1 _________ ____ _ day........ ..................... 21 4 38 4 5 581 350 On 24 hours, off 24 hours____________ 2, 842 2, 457 224 161 Shift 3d day. ___________________ 78 78 Shift 4th day_______________________ 540 540 Shift 6 th day____ __________________ 48 48 Shift 7th day_______________________ 315 174 141 Shift 15th day______________________ 105 105 2 -platoon—with additional time off du ty8- 2,195 1,952 On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.5 day per week_________________ _ Overlapping-group system, off 1 day per week.. _ __ ___ _____ _ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.2 day per week_________ ________ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.1 day per week_______________ „ 1 0 -group system, off 1 . 2 days per week.. Other®____ ___________________ See footnotes at end of table. 324 1 ,1 1 0 209 69 174 17 88 2 1 I II III 58 16 14 2 All cities 104 1 City group 1 I II III 82 12 10 1 ... . 10 1 5 4 3 3 10 1 5 4 3 3 2 ___ 2 2 — 2 115 1 ,1 1 0 59 536 166 City group 3 1 -platoon—regular7 __________________ _ 3, 928 2,997 5 8 All cities 59 467 166 10 7 69 li 7 12 3 74 55 9 10 100 81 12 7 25 PACIFIC CITIES T a b l e E .-— Average hours and days on duty per week in fire departments o f 27 Pacific cities , by occupational division , J u ly 1, 1988 — Continued Division—Continued Fire alarm Clerical Miscellaneous System of operation 2 -platoon—regular7 ---------------------------------On 24 hours, off 24 hours______________ Shift 4th day------------------------------------Shift 7th day------------------------------------- 2 135 17 6 8 I II III 79 34 22 12 .... ^ Total number of employees 2. City group 1 00 All cities —- 3 • 65 City group 1 I 55 II III 7 3 All cities City group 1 I II III 15 4 ___ 4 ___ 4 ___ 19 5 2 3 -platoon—with additional time off d u ty 8 __ 10 2 ___ 8 On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.5 day per week______________________________ On 24 hours, off 24 hours, off 0.1 day per week______________________________ 10 2 .... 8 108 65 34 9 Other 9_ ................................... ....................... All cities 4 .... 65 55 7 3 15 15 1 Group I includes cities having a population of 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 or more; group II, cities having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on United States Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 3 Includes 7 chiefs and 1 assistant chief. * Includes 2 chiefs, 1 assistant or deputy chief, and 2 assistant deputy chiefs. 5 Includes 5 chiefs and 3 assistant chiefs. 6 The average number of hours on duty per week for employees in each variation of the single-platoon system is arrived at by dividing the total number of hours on duty per year for each variation by 52.143. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at by dividing the total number of days on duty per year by 52.143. 7 Under each variation of the regular 2 -platoon systemThe employees work in 2 groups, 1 group is on duty while the other is off duty. Over a period of days, therefore, each group is on duty as many hours as the other, or an average of 12 hours a day and 84 hours a week. Each variation of the 2-platoon system, how ever, spreads these 84 hours into different numbers of days on duty per week. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at by dividing the number of days on duty per year by 52.143. 8 Under the 2-platoon system with additional time off duty the employees are on duty less than an average of 84 hours per week. The average number of hours on duty per week under this system is arrived at by deducting the number of additional weekly hours off duty from 84. The average number of days on duty per week is arrived at by dividing the number of days on duty per year by 52.143. 9 The average number of hours and days per week is arrived at by dividing the total weekly man-hours and man-days by the total number of employees under “ other.” 10 Includes 1 chief and 6 others. 11 Includes 3 chiefs, 1 assistant chief, 1 assistant deputy chief, and 2 others. 12 3 chiefs. 26 T SALARIES AND HOURS IN MUNICIPAL FIRE DEPARTMENTS a b l e F . — Total salaries and total number o f employees of fire departments in 27 Pacific cities , J u ly 1 , 1938 Number of employees Division 1 and occupation All cities City group I II 2 III Total salaries All cities City group I 2 II III All occupations 3 _________________ 6,576 5,254 735 587 $15,623, 234 $12, 755, 716 $1, 709,830 $1,157, 6 8 8 Fire fighting--------- ----------------- 6,165 4,965 662 538 6 12 9 27 Chiefs_______________________ 6 16 39 17 Assistant or deputy chiefs------5 5 11 21 Assistant deputy chiefs___ . . . 88 8 2 98 Battalion chiefs______________ 495 107 108 Captains------------------------- _ _ 710 7 363 319 37 Lieutenants___ ____ __ ______ 21 21 Pilots_____ ___ _____ _________ 2 2 First m a te s ._________ _______ 306 60 49 Engineers, fire engine.._ _____ 415 18 18 Engineers, marine____________ 6 268 246 16 Drivers. _._______ . ________ Privates: 1 st grade------------------------ _ 3, 583 2,990 329 264 212 149 28 35 2 d grade________________ _ 187 14 23 3d grade__________________ 224 32 1 0 66 4th grade________________ 108 1 10 5th grade and probationary. 31 20 4 21 Miscellaneous______________ _ 25 Fire prevention. ______ ________ 88 58 16 14 3 Marshals or wardens_________ 16 7 6 2 1 Assistant marshals or wardens __ 6 3 1 1 Chief inspectors. . _____ Inspectors___ . . . _. . . . _ . . . 62 45 1 0 " T Miscellaneous______ ______ _ 3 3 82 1 2 1 0 pparatus___________ . _______ _ 104 Superintendents of machinery. _ 4 5 16 7 Assistant superintendents of 3 1 machinery______ _______ 7 3 Machinists___ _____ __ _ 34 34 1 1 Master mechanics____ _ _ 3 Auto mechanics____ _ ______ 2 16 11 1 General mechanics. _ __ ___ _ 17 16 Mechanics helpers___ ___ 3 3 Miscellaneous____ ______ . . . 1 1 10 8 Fire alarm_________ ____ _ ____ 135 79 34 2 2 Superintendents__________ _ 2 13 4 7 1 Assistant superintendents. _ 3 2 Chief fire alarm operators_____ 4 2 ~~2 ~ Fire alarm operators 4 _____ __ 78 35 28 'l5 ' Inspectors__________ 5 5 Electricians_________ ______ 8 8 Linemen... .. _________ __ __ 2 20 18 Linemen helpers. . ______ _ 2 2 1 1 Miscellaneous__________ 2 Clerical____ . . . _______________ 65 3 55 7 Secretaries__________ _ ____ 16 3 8 5 Assistant secretaries__________ 2 2 1 1 Chief clerks _______ ________ Accountants. _____ _____ _ 2 2 Clerks and bookkeepers_______ 21 19 2 Stenographers and typists_____ 21 21 Miscellaneous________________ 2 2 Miscellaneous.._ . ___________ __ 19 15 4 Building inspection _________ 10 10 Ambulancemen___ .. _ _ __ 4 4 Other miscellaneous employees.. 5 5 14,678,472 107,450 121, 320 77,040 336, 216 1,888,140 898,896 55,260 5,400 1,038,852 48, 780 674,184 12,067, 760 1, 549, 450 45,380 26,100 62,940 20,880 51, 300 15,120 308, 256 23,160 1,391,400 271,380 796,416 8 6 ,1 0 0 55,260 5,400 796, 320 144,000 48, 780 629,064 33,960 8,170,932 455,002 466, 740 214,680 59, 880 59, 700 209,082 44,430 14, 652 2, 340 140,676 6,984 250, 295 44,016 6,928,632 330, 252 396,840 134, 280 38, 580 48, 660 140, 988 22,356 17,112 82,720 2,040 36, 764 40, 305 5, 721 21, 617 306, 921 34,848 7,692 82, 720 8 ,2 2 0 10, 440 165,828 12,300 19,680 47, 493 3,792 4, 320 131, 340 37, 728 6,192 3,300 4, 620 39,096 36,864 3,540 47,124 27, 720 7,680 11, 724 8 ,1 1 2 103, 536 6,984 198, 797 22,056 25,616 37,965 5,721 17,027 194, 997 2 0 ,8 6 8 3,900 5,640 83, 244 12,300 19,680 43,173 3, 792 2,400 113, 730 23,418 6,192 3,300 4,620 35,796 36,864 3,540 39,444 27, 720 11, 724 1,061, 262 35,970 37,500 10,620 4,800 225,360 16, 380 98, 532 11,160 742,740 61, 510 29, 460 64,320 19,680 11,040 38,880 8,940 4,860 2, 340 22, 740 499, 560 63, 240 40, 440 16,080 1,620 30, 540 10,980 20,958 10, 980 29, 214 13,134 1,680 14,400 7,440 1,980 2,040 3,768 7,380 2,340 2,400 71,220 5,640 2,190 40,704 8 , 340 4, 320 4,800 56,460 26,124 4, 320 1,920 5,550 5,550 12,060 8,760 3,300 7,680 7,680 ________ 1 All fire departments assign men from the fire-fighting division to the other divisions and carry these assigned men on the fire-fighting division list. This is done to provide the fire department with a reserve for cases of emergency. As a result of this method of assignment, the fire-fighting division is always shown to be larger than it actually is on a routine day. Some other factors are also responsible for the small size of the non-fire-fighting division. In some cities, the maintenance work is let to private contractors; part of the fire-prevention work is done by the building inspector’s office; and the fire-alarm work is done by the local telephone company or by a separate city bureau. 2 Group I includes cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, cities having a population of 60,000 and under 100,000; group III, cities having a population of 25,000 and under 60,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 3 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 4 Includes 7 telephone operators and 1 radio operator in city group I, 1 O