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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ISADOR LUBIN, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES 1 BUREAU OF LABOR ST A T IST IC S/ W AGES AND H O U R S • • OF L A B O R •• • r-0 7 JNOe J Q f S E R IE S WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN RAYON AND OTHER SYNTHETIC YARN MANUFACTURING: 1932 AUGUST 1933 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price 5 cents Contents Page Average days, hours, and earnings, 1930 and 1932, by occupation______ Average days, hours, and earnings, 1930 and 1932, by district___________ Classified earnings per hour, 1930 and 1932, by occupation______________ Full-time hours per week and per day, 1930 and 1932____________________ Changes in full-time hours since July 1, 1930_____________________________ Changes in wage rates since July 1, 1930_________________________________ Overtime and Sunday and holiday work, 1932____________________________ Bonus systems____________________________________________________________ Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1929 to 1932____________ Importance and growth of the industry___________________________________ Scope and method_________________________________________________________ Occupations in the industry_______________________________________________ General tables: T a b l e A.— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full time, and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sex, and district_______ T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district_________________ T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district_______ T a b l e D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district. _ T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district_______ in 1 3 4 7 10 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 24 27 30 BULLETIN OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS . n o 587 WASHINGTON a u g u s t 1933 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN RAYON AND OTHER SYNTHETIC YARN MANUFACTURING, 1932 Average Days, Hours, and Earnings, 1930 and 1932, by Occupation Wage earners included in the studies of wages and hours of labor in establishments engaged in the manufacture of rayon and other syn thetic yarn in the United States worked on an average of 5.7 days and 46.4 hours in a sample and representative week in 1932 and 5.4 days and 44.8 hours in 1 week in 1930. They earned an average of 35.9 cents per hour and $16.64 in 1 week in 1932 and 44.1 cents per hour and $19.76 in 1 week in 1930. They worked more days and hours and earned an average of 8.2 cents less per hour and $3.12 less in 1 week in 1932 than in 1930. Their full-time hours per week averaged 48.2 in 1932 and 50.2 in 1930 and their full-time earnings per week aver aged $17.30 in 1932 and $22.14 in 1930. They worked 96.3 percent of full time in 1932 and 89.2 percent in 1930, thus showing short-time work of 3.7 percent in 1932 and 10.8 percent in 1930. The above averages are shown at the end of table 1 in this bulletin. They are.the results of studies by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, of the synthetic-yarn industry in the United States. In making the studies wage figures covering days, hours, and earnings were collected in 1930 by agents of the Burreau for each of 32,292 wage earners from the pay rolls of 21 repre sentative establishments for a pay period in February, March, April, or May, and in 1932 for each of 25,326 wage earners of 20 establish ments for a pay period in October, November, or December. Like averages are also presented for 1930 and 1932 for each of the 23 im portant occupations in the industry and for a miscellaneous group of wage earners designated “ other employees.” This group includes wage earners in all occupations in the industry other than those referred to as important occupations, no occupation in the group being considered of enough importance to warrant publishing separate averages for it. Averages are shown in table 1 for males in 11 occupations in which there were no females, for females in 1 occupation (reelers and lacers) in which there were no males, and for males and females in 11 occu pations and in the group of “ other employees.” Average earnings 1 2 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR per hour for males were more than for females in each of the 11 occu pations and in the group of other employees. The averages for males in these occupations in the group ranged in 1930 from 35.4 cents per hour for cone, quill, cop, or bobbin winders to 55.5 cents for spinneret cleaners and in 1932 from 29.4 cents for twisters or throwers to 47 cents for other employees, and for females ranged in 1930 from 24.4 cents for truckers and handlers to 50.8 cents for spoolers, and in 1932 from 23.2 cents for laborers to 30 cents per hour for skein inspectors. Heelers and lacers, female, earned an average of 35.1 cents per hour in 1930 and 29.3 cents per hour in 1932. Average earnings per hour for males in the 11 occupations in which there were no females ranged in 1930 from 45.2 cents for bobbin driers to 58.8 cents for spinning-bath men and in 1930 from 33 cents for bobbin driers to 48.1 cents for cake inspectors. Table 1.— Average days, hours, and earnings, and percent of full time worked in 1 week, 1930 and 1932, by occupation and sex Occupation and sex Num ber of Year estab lish ments Chemical-buildingworkers, male. 1930 1932 Spinning-bath men, male_____ 1930 1932 Spinners, male...................... . 1930 1932 Machine cleaners, male_______ 1930 1932 Spinneret cleaners, male______ 1930 1932 Spinneret cleaners, female------- 1930 1932 Filter cleaners, male_________ 1930 1932 Filter cleaners, female...... ...... . 1930 1932 Bobbin washers, male............. . 1930 1932 Cake washers, male.................. 1930 1932 Bobbin driers, male......... ........ 1930 1932 Cake driers, male___ ___ ___ 1930 1932 Cake inspectors, male------------ 1930 1932 Pump testers, male................... 1930 1932 Spoolers, male.......................... 1932 1930 Spoolers, female........................ 1932 Twisters or throwers, male........ 1930 1932 Twisters or throwers, female___ 1930 1932 Heelers and lacers, female......... 1930 1932 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, male______________ 1930 1932 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female_______-____ 1930 1932 Skein washers and bleachers, male____________________ 1930 1932 Skein driers, male..................... 1930 1932 Aver Hours actu age Aver ally worked days on age Num which full in 1 week ber of wage time wage earners hours Aver Per earners w orked per age cent ini week num of full ber time week Aver age earn ings per hour Aver age full time earn ings per week Aver age actual earn ings in 1 week 21 20 21 18 21 20 16 15 19 14 5 7 18 13 5 4 9 9 6 5 9 8 5 2 3 2 21 18 4 3 6 6 7 12 10 20 16 1,782 1,854 229 266 4,359 3.437 220 142 161 107 34 52 134 101 28 18 443 242 164 160 77 78 34 10 34 32 147 99 74 523 685 722 513 1,834 752 4,636 3,276 5.8 6.1 5.7 6.4 5.3 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 5.3 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.2 6.4 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.6 4.9 5.6 10 8 1,013 969 5.2 50.0 42.7 85.4 5.2 45.0 40.9 90.9 .354 17.70 .305 13.73 15.11 12.46 17 15 2,402 2,496 5.4 48.2 44.5 92.3 5.5 47.8 43.4 90.8 .332 16.00 .269 12.86 14.78 11.68 19 16 15 8 865 694 181 239 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.7 .488 .406 .453 .380 22.79 19.62 20.74 17.93 53.6 50.0 50.7 51.5 49.9 49.5 51.5 47.2 51.4 49.6 50.9 48.4 52.9 48.5 51.7 49.0 50.0 51.4 54.0 50.2 52.2' 50.1 55.3 43.2 55.3 47.0 52.9 47.6 46.7 45.6 46.2 49.7 47.7 49.7 50.8 49.5 46.9 51.5 47.9 49.4 48.4 48.3 50.8 47.2 51.6 42.4 49.6 48.0 45.9 49.6 49.9 50.0 48.8 50.1 50.6 48.1 49.6 49.2 48.3 52.9 43.4 50.2 50.4 50.2 41.6 51.8 42.8 51.7 47.8 44.4 39.2 37.4 46.1 46.4 45.5 48.6 40.2 44.9 46.7 48.3 45.8 47.2 90.1 $0.527 $28.25 $25.48 101.6 .406 20.30 20.58 93.1 .588 29.81 27.72 100.2 .402 20.70 20.73 85.0 .564 28.14 23.95 100.2 .457 22.62 22.64 93.2 .458 23.59 21.99 97.2 .352 16.61 16.17 96.5 .555 28.53 27.53 100.6 .404 20.04 20.16 98.2 .298 15.17 14.87 1008 .268 12.97 13.10 94.7 .457 24.18 22.93 104.3 .356 17.27 18.03 93.0 .313 16.18 15.06 101.2 .266, 13.03 13.17 98.4 .463 23.15 22. 77 94.0 .336 17.27 16.24 98.0 .487 26.30 25.77 86.5 .376 18.88 16.32 96.2 .452 23.59 22.69 100.6 .330 16.53 16.63 90.8 .490 27.10 24.64 96.3 .383 16.55 15.94 93.7 .526 29.09 27.26 91.1 .481 22.61 20.58 97.7 .501 26.50 25.89 100.4 .396 18.85 18.93 95.1 .300 14.01 13.31 86.0 .508 23.16 19.95 81.0 .281 12.98 10.54 92.8 .385 19.13 17.73 97.3 .294 14.02 13.63 91.5 .319 15.85 14.54 95.7 .269 13.67 13.08 81.2 .351 17. 37 14.10 95.7 .293 13.74 13.15 90.7 100.8 92.7 97.5 25.13 19.45 22.38 18.39 3 EAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 T a b le 1.— Average daysf hours, and earnings, and percent of full time worked in 1 weekj 1930 and 1932, by occupation and sex— Continued Occupation and sex Num ber of Year estab lish ments Num ber of wage earners Aver Hours actu age Aver ally worked days on age in 1 week which full wage time earners hours Aver Per worked per age cent in 1 week num of full week ber time Aver Aver age age full earn time ings earn per ings hour per week Aver age actual earn ings in 1 week Skein driers, female........ .......... 1930 1932 Skein inspectors, male........... 1932 Skein inspectors, female............ 1930 1932 Cone inspectors, male............ - 1932 Cone inspectors, female_______ 1930 1932 Wrappers and packers, male___ 1930 1932 Wrappers and packers, female— 1930 1932 Truckers and handlers, male__ 1930 1932 Truckers, and handlers, female.. 1930 1932 Laborers, male........................ 1930 1932 Laborers, female____________ 1932 Other employees, male______ 1930 1932 1930 Other employees, female....... 1932 12 7 2 20 16 3 18 14 14 12 20 16 21 19 7 5 21 19 2 21 20 21 16 300 62 32 2,269 1,670 23 220 621 206 119 343 373 1,409 1,042 112 21 837 833 6 5,644 3,803 574 425 4.6 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.4 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.5 4.9 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.5 6.0 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 48.7 49.5 48.0 48.9 46.8 50.0 48.3 48.1 50.3 47.4 49.1 48.7 50.5 48.3 51.4 49.8 51.6 48.7 48.0 51.3 48.2 50.0 48.2 37.5 49.9 36.5 41.1 43.8 50.4 46.6 45.1 47.5 44.8 40.5 46.3 46.3 49.3 47.4 48.6 48.4 46.5 48.6 49.1 46.8 16. 3 45.9 77.0 $0.359 $17.48 $13.45 100.8 .283 14.01 14.13 76.0 .300 14.40 10.94 84.0 .342 16.72 14.06 93.6 .300 14.04 13.15 100.8 .391 19.55 19. 71 96.5 .346 16.71 16.13 93.8 .268 12.89 12.06 94.4 .494 24.85 23.44 94.5 .383 18.15 17.14 82.5 .338 16.60 13. 72 95.1 .269 13.10 12.45 91.7 .369 18.63 17.11 102.1 .301 14.54 14.83 92.2 .244 12.54 11. 57 97.6 .266 13. 25 12.94 93.8 .394 20.33 19.10 95.5 .307 14.95 14.27 101.3 .232 11.14 11. 26 95.7 .550 28.22 27.00 97.1 .470 22.65 22.02 92.6 .325 16.25 15.03 95.2 .295 14.22 13. 57 All employees: Male...... .................. 1930 1932 Female.......... ........... 1930 1932 21 20 21 20 18, 743 14,869 13,549 10,457 5.6 5.8 5.2 5.6 51.1 48.6 49.0 47.6 46.7 47.9 42.3 44.3 91.4 98.6 86.3 93.1 Male and female........ 1930 .1932 21 32,292 20 25,326 5.4 50.2 44.8 89.2 5.7 48.2 46.4 96.3 .504 .408 .344 .283 25.75 19.83 16.86 13.47 23.53 19.51 14.55 12.55 .441 22.14 .359 17.30 19.76 16.64 Average Days, Hours, and Earnings, 1930 and 1932, by District Table 2 shows average days, hours, earnings, and the percent of full time actually worked in 1 week for the wage earners included in the studies of the industry in each district in 1930 and 1932. The averages are for each sex separately and for both sexes combined, and are shown by districts instead of by States so as to avoid present ing figures for one establishment alone. District 1 includes 1 plant in Connecticut, 1 in Massachusetts, 1 in New Hampshire, and 1 in Rhode Island. District 2 includes 1 plant in Delaware, 2 in New York, 2 in Ohio, and 1 in Pennsylvania. District 3 includes 1 plant in Georgia, 1 in Maryland, 1 in North Carolina, 3 in Tennessee, and 4 in Virginia. Males in all districts combined worked on an average of 5.6 days and 46.7 hours in 1 week in 1930 and 5.8 days and 47.9 hours in 1932 and earned an average of 50.4 cents per hour and $23.53 in 1 week in 1930 and 40.8 cents per hour and $19.51 in 1 week in 1932. Their full-time hours per week averaged 51.1 in 1930 and 48.6 in 1932, and they actually worked 91.4 percent of full time in 1930 and 98.6 percent in 1932. Their full-time earnings per week averaged $25.75 in 1930 and $19.83 in 1932. 4 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR Females in all districts combined worked on an average of 5.2 days and 42.3 hours in 1 week in 1930 and 5.6 days and 44.3 hours in 1932 and earned an average of 34.4 cents per hour and $14.55 in 1 week in 1930 and 28.3 cents per hour and $12.55 in 1 week in 1932. Their full time hours per week averaged 49 in 1930 and 47.6 in 1932 and they actually worked 86.3 percent of full time in 1930 and 93.1 percent in 1932. Their full-time earnings per week averaged $16.86 in 1930 and $13.47 in 1932. Average earnings per hour of males ranged, by districts, from 45.3 to 65.7 cents in 1930 and from 38.2 to 50.3 cents in 1932, and of females from 30.7 to 44.7 cents in 1930 and from 27.5 to 31.9 cents in 1932. Earnings of each sex in each district were less in 1932 than in 1930. T a b l e 2 . — Average days, hours, and earnings, 1980 and 1932, by sex and district Sex and district Aver age Num days on ber of Num which ber of Year estab wage wage lish earners ments earners worked in 1 week Males: District 1....................... .......... Hours actu Aver Aver Aver ally worked age in 1 week Aver age age age full full earn time actual time earn ings earn hours Aver Per ings per ings per age cent hour per per week num of full week week ber time 1930 1932 1930 1932 District 3.........- ........ - ............ 1930 1932 5 4 6 6 10 10 861 544 4,415 3,097 13,467 11,228 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.8 50.7 50.3 49.9 50.3 51.5 48.1 51.7 102.0 $0,508 $25.76 51.4 102.2 .401 20.17 46.8 93.8 .657 32.78 47.1 93.6 .503 25.30 46.3 89.9 .453 23. 33 .382 18. 37 47.9 99.6 1930 1932 21 20 18,743 14,869 5.6 5.8 51.1 48.6 46.7 47.9 91.4 98.6 .504 .408 25.75 19.83 23.53 19.51 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 5 4 6 6 10 10 837 536 3,482 2,199 9,230 7,722 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.6 50.8 50.3 47.5 47.3 49.4 47.4 45.0 48.1 39.4 43.6 43.2 44.3 88.6 95.6 82.9 92.2 87.4 93.5 .357 .264 .447 .319 .307 .275 18.14 13.28 21.23 15.09 15.17 13.04 16.04 12.69 17.62 13.88 13.26 12.17 1930 1932 21 20 13, 549 10, 457 5.2 5.6 49.0 47.6 42.3 44.3 86.3 93.1 .344 .283 16.86 13.47 14.55 12.55 1930 1932 1930 1932 District 3............................. — 1930 1932 5 4 6 6 10 10 1,698 1,080 7,897 5,296 22, 697 18,950 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.7 50.7 50.3 48.9 49.1 50.6 47.8 48.4 49.8 43.5 45.6 45.0 46.4 95.5 99.0 89.0 92.9 88.9 97.1 .439 .335 .573 .430 .396 .341 22.26 16.85 28.02 21.11 20.04 16.30 21.22 16.69 24.96 19.61 17.84 15.81 21 20 32,292 25,326 5.4 5.7 50.2 48.2 44.8 46.4 89.2 96.3 .441 .359 22.14 17.30 19.76 16.64 District 2_______ __________ Total____ _______ _______ Females: District 1____ _____ _______ District 2__________________ District 3__________________ Total.________ __________ Males and females: District 1................. ............. District 2............ ..................... Total.......................—......... 1930 1932 $26.26 20.63 30.75 23.68 20.99 18.31 Classified Earnings per Hour, 1930 and 1932, by Occupation Average earnings per hour and a percentage distribution, by average earnings per hour, of the wage earners found in each of 10 representative occupations in the industry are presented in table 3 for 1930 and 1932. The classified figures in the table illustrate the variations in the spread of the average earnings per hour of the wage earners in all occupations in the industry in each year, beginning with those whose earnings per hour were less than 10 cents and extending RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 5 through the various classified groups to those who earned an average that was within the group of 95 cents and under $1 per hour. The table is limited to the 10 occupations to save space and cost of printing. Figures are presented for males only in 3, for females only in 1, and for both males and females in 6 occupations. The 9,448 males in these occupations are 64 percent of the males and the 8,906 females 85 percent of the females in all occupations in the plants included in the 1932 study, and the 18,354 males and females combined are 72 percent of all wage earners included in the study in that year. For a like distribution, by number, of the wage earners in these occupa tions in each district for 1932, see table B, page 21. Table 3 shows that chemical building workers (the first occupational group in the table) earned an average of 52.7 cents per hour in 1930 as compared with 40.6 cents in 1932. In 1930, 25 percent of these wage earners earned less than 45 cents per hour while in 1932 the percentage was 69. Less than 1 percent of these workers earned an average of 65 cents or more per hour in 1932 as compared with 18 percent in 1930. These figures show graphically the decrease in earnings from 1930 to 1932. o> T a b l e 3.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 10 specified occupations, 1930 and 1982, by sex and year Percent of wage earners whose earnings per hour were— Occupation and sex Spoolers, male—................................ ................ Spoolers, fem ale..____ _____________________ Twisters or throwers, female........................... W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female Truckers and handlers, m ale.......................... Truckers and handlers, female_____________ Laborers, m ale.................................................. Laborers, female___________________________ 1 Less than 1 percent. 12 0) 19 18 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) LABOR Skein inspectors, m ale................ - ............ ....... Skein inspectors, female.................................. 2 0) OF Skein washers and bleachers, m ale_________ 90, 95 un cts., der un 95 der cts. $1 HOURS Heelers and lacers, female..................... .......... W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, m ale.. 1,782 $0. 527 .406 1,854 .564 4,359 .457 3,437 .300 74 m 523 685 .281 722 .385 513 .294 1,834 .319 752 .269 4,636 .351 .293 3, 276 .354 1,013 .305 969 2,402 .332 .269 2,496 .488 865 .406 694 32 .300 .342 2,269 1,670 .300 .369 1,409 1,042 .301 112 .244 21 .266 837 .394 833 .307 .232 85, un der 90 cts. AND Twisters or throwers, m a le ....................... ... 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 80, un der 85 cts. WAGES Chemical-building workers, m ale........... ........ Spinners, m ale.................................. ................. N um N um Aver age ber of ber of Year estab wage earn Un lish earn ings der per ments ers hour 10 cts. 0) 0) 0) BAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 7 Full-Time Hours per Week and per Day, 1930 and 1932 Full-time hours per day and per week of an establishment or a wage earner are the regular or customary hours of operation as established by a regular time of beginning and quitting work on each day of the week. Such hours do not include any of the regular time off duty for meals nor any overtime, nor are they reduced by the exclusion of any of the time lost by any wage earner on account of slack or short-time work, sickness or other disability, or for any other cause. Table 4 shows average full-time hours per week and a percentage distribution by full-time hours per week of the wage earners in each of 10 representative occupations in the industry for 1930 and 1932. In computing the figures in this table for each occupation the full time hours of each wage earner found in the occupation were used, even though the wage earner actually worked more or less than his regular full time during the week covered by the report in 1930 and in 1932. For a like distribution, by number, of the wage earners in each of these occupations in each district for 1932, see table C, page 24. T a b l e 4 . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 10 specified occupations, 1980 and 1932, by sex Occupation and sex Chemical-building workers, m ale................... Spoolers, m ale....... ..................- ........................... Spoolers, female.................................................... Twisters or throwers, fem ale........................... W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female. Truckers and handlers, male............................ Truckers and handlers, fe m a le --.................... Laborers, m ale...................................................... Laborers, female.................................................. i Less than 1 percent. 2 7 7 45 36 44 23 15 0) 29 39 25 10 11 5 13 14 6 4 7 15 21 24 1 17 6 2 7 Over 48, under 50 28 61 76 68 49 50 Over 50, under 54 0) 0) 54 55 1 1 0) 0) 0) 56 Over 56, under 60 68 30 23 24 60 0) Over 66, 60, under under 72 66 0) (}) 0) 1 7 35 10 23 48 11 13 3 7 4 11 11 49 63 71 12 27 12 50 57 61 33 70 23 78 100 13 55 25 53 52 15 62 100 2 26 11 17 23 3 12 5 38 18 2 11 0) 16 1 15 23 20 2 10 13 3 20 4 13 5 10 19 1 13 1 16 12 4 4 3 1 14 3 2 1 18 4 1 3 2 11 26 5 2 8 0) 7 0) 1 4 4 6 31 2 1 7 6 0) 2 2 0) 10 71 33 2 4 5 5 13 9 C1) 5 4 2 5 4 16 10 1 4 5 2 19 3 3 4 0) 0) 0) 2 LABOR Skein inspectors, m ale........................................ Skein inspectors, female..................................... Over 45, under 48 OP Skein washers and bleachers, m ale................. 45 HOURS Beelers and lacers, female.................................. W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, m a le .. 782 854 359 437 74 523 685 722 513 834 752 636 276 013 909 402 496 865 Percent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— AND Twisters or throwers, m a le .............................. 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1932 Aver Num agefull ber of time hours 40, wage per under earners week 45 WAGES Spinners, m ale........ ..................... ...................... Year Num ber of estab lish ments 00 9 RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 Table 5 shows for the males and for the females of each of the 20 plants covered in the 1932 study of the industry the prevailing regular or customary full-time hours per week and per day, Monday to Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. There was 1 shift per day in 11 of the 20 plants, 2 shifts per day in 9 plants, and 3 shifts per day in 8 plants. The table is divided into three sections, the first showing the regu lar hours for the dayworkers on shift 1 for 20 plants; the second the hours for those on shift 2 for 9 plants; and the third the hours for those on shift 3 for 8 plants. In some plants it was found that the hours of part of the wage earners were not the same as those for a majority of the wage earners in such plants. In each case the prevailing hours for each sex are shown in the table as the full-time hours of such wage earners. T able 5 .— Number of establishments in each district with specified full-time hours per week and per dayf 1982, by sex Sex Full Full-time hours per day time hours per M onday week to Friday Saturday Sunday Number of establishments District 1 District 2 District 3 Total Shift 1 Male and female............. M ale.................................. Female_________________ M ale and female_______ M ale.................... ........... . Fem ale.—.......................... M ale and fem ale......... . D o . . ______ ________ M ale...... .............. .............. Female_________________ M a le ............... ................. Female............................... M ale________ _________ Female_________________ M ale_____ _____________ Female-------------------------M ale................................ Female_________________ M ale............................... Female_________________ M ale______ _____ ______ Female_________________ M ale.................................. Female_________________ M ale....................... .......... Female_________________ Total______ _____ 40 42 48 44 48 47% 48 48 1 48 48 48 49^ 148 50 56 45 56 48 56 50 56 54 56 55 56 52 8 6 8H 8 8 8H 8 8H 8 8% 8 9 8 9K2 8 8 8 8 9 8 m 8 10 8 9H 1 6 4H 4 8 4H 8 4H 8 4H 8 4H 8 4^2 8 7H 8 8 8 5 8 5H 8 5 8 4H 6 } * \ I 1 1 1 1 5 8 } I 1 1 8 } 8 } J 8 ) J 8 1 8 } 8 } J 8 } J i 1 1 1 * 1 1 4 6 10 20 1 Shift 2 M ale_____ ____ _______ _ D o ............................. . D o............................. . D o ________ ________ Fem ale............................. 40 42 148 56 50 8 6 8 8 10 6 8 8 6 8 8 T otal....................... 1 2 1 3 4 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 9 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 8 ShiftS M ale.................................. D o ........................ D o............................... D o . ............................. Do ............................... 40 42 148 56 64 8 6 8 8 28 6 8 8 8 T otal....................... 1 Each person off duty 1 day each week. 6 8 8 16 1 2 1 4 2 1 3 * 2 M onday 0, Tuesday 16. 10 WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOK Changes in Full-Time Hours Since July 1, 1930 Only 5 of the 20 plants included in this report made changes in regular full-time hours per week between July 1, 1930, and the period of the 1932 study. In each case the hours were reduced. Table 6 shows the hours per week and per day before and after the change for each of the five plants. T a b l e 6 . — Hours per week and per day of establishments before and after change between July 1, 1980, and period of 1982 study Hours before change N um ber of estab lish ments Wage earners affected Per week Spinners, doffers, spinning-bath men, and spinneret cleaners............................ - .............. Approximately 60 percent................................. Yard laborers................ .................... ............. . /T h ose on shifts 2 and 3............ .......................... 1 \Those on shift 1__ ............................................ 1 /T h ose in spinning department.......................... \Those in winding department____ _________ Hours after change M on M on day Sat Sun Per day Sat Sun to to urday day week Fri urday day Fri day day 1 1 1 56 56\i 60 48 44 56 45 8 9H 10 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 8 4 8 5 8 0 0 o\ 0J 8 0 42 48 54 6 8 9 40 42 45 8 6 7H 6 8 9 0 6 7X 6 0 0 0 6 0 Changes in Wage Rates Since July 1, 1930 Changes in wage rates between July 1, 1930, and the period of the 1932 study of the industry were reported by 18 of the 20 plants covered in this report. All changes reported were decreases.. Table 7 shows that the rates of all wage earners in 6 plants were reduced once during the period; of all in 11 were reduced twice; and in 1 plant the rates of reelers and lacers were reduced 28 percent in 1932, of spinners and spinneret cleaners were reduced 25 percent in 1931, of doffers and spinning-bath men were reduced 20 percent in 1931, and of chemical-building workers, washers and bleachers, cake washers, skein driers, packers, and inspectors were reduced 20 percent in 1932. The rates of all wage earners of the establishment on line 5 were reduced 15 percent in 1931 and 25 per cent in 1932; of that on line 9 were reduced 10 and 15 percent in 1932; and of each of the four establishments on line 10 were reduced 10 percent in 1931 and in 1932. RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 11 T a b l e 7 . — Changes in wage rates in 18 establishments between July 1, 1930, and period of 1932 study Number of estab lish ments Number of estab lishments making changes i n 1930 1931 Wage earners affected Percent of decrease 1932 AIL .d o.. _do_. _do_ _do_. _do_. _do_. _do_. .d o do. — .d o ..........................- .........i - ......................................... . ____d o ........................................ ............................................. fSpinners and spinneret cleaners.......................................... [Doffers and spinning-bath men............................................ Reelers and lacers.................................................. ................. Chemical-building workers, washers and bleachers, [ cake washers, skein dryers, packers, and inspectors. 15 10 8 15 and 12 and 10 and 10 and 10 and 10 and 8 and 8 and 7^2 25 12^ 20 15 15 10 10 9 25 20 28 20 Overtime and Sunday and Holiday Work, 1932 Overtime is any time worked in excess of the regular full time per day or per week, regardless of the rate of pay for such work. Work on Sunday and holidays is overtime or extra work only when the work ing schedule does not provide for work on those days. Overtime and extra work on Sunday and holidays was reported as having been worked in each of the 20 plants during the representative pay period in 1932 for which hours and earnings are shown in this report. Overtime in 16 establishments was paid for at the same rate per hour and in 4 establishments at a higher rate per hour than for regular working time. Extra work on Sunday and holidays was paid for at the same rate as for regular working time in 15 establishments and at a higher rate in 5 establishments. The higher rates paid were as follows: One establishment paid 1 % times the regular rate for each hour of overtime or extra work on Sunday and holidays to any wage earner who worked any overtime or extra work; two paid 1 % times the regular rate for each hour of overtime or extra work to any wage earner in the mechanical department or to any laborer in any other department; one paid 1 % times the regular rate for each hour of overtime or extra work to any mechanic in the maintenance department, and to any shift worker for each hour of extra work on Sunday; and one paid 1K times the regular rate for each hour of work on holidays to any wage earner. Bonus Systems A bonus is compensation in addition to earnings at the regular time or piece rates. At the time of the 1932 study bonus systems were in operation in 9 of the 20 plants covered in this report. There was no provision for additional earnings through bonus systems in the other plants. A description of the bonus systems of 2 plants cannot be given in table 8 which shows for each of 7 plants the basis of the bonus, the wage earners eligible to bonus payments, and the amount of and conditions necessary to get the bonus. 12 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR T N um ber of estab lish ments able 8 .— Bonus earned when— Am ount of or percent of earnings paid as bonus Efficiency........ Spinners__________ Loss of goods produced through inferior qual ity is less than 1 per cent. 1 ........do............... ____ do.................. . . . Efficiency'is 89.5 percent or more. 1 cent per hour when loss is % of 1 percent, and 1 cent per hour for each percent increase in efficiency to a maximum of 5 cents per hour when there is no loss. 4 hours at basic rate of pay in each half month in which efficiency is 89.5 and under 95.5 percent and 7 hours at such rate in each half month in which efficiency is 95.5 percent or more. All production above set stand ard at basic rate. 1 Bonus based on— Bonus systems in operation in 7 establishments in 1932 Production in specified unit of time is more than set standard. 1 ........ do________ Winders and exam ____ do__________________ 3 cents per hour. iners. 2 Tim e saving. _ A ll.................. .......... Unit of work is com T he hours saved multiplied b y pleted in less than the percent of the hourly rate time allotted. obtained b y deducting 50 per cent of the time allotted to a unit from the percent of the standard that was taken to complete the unit. 1 Tim e saving D offers, spinning- Average doffing time is 5 percent of earnings in week bath men, and and attend 4.5 minutes or less, and when average doffing time is 2.5 minutes or less; 4 percent when spinneret clean ance. employee works at ers. least 22 hours per 2.6 to 3 minutes; 3 percent week. when 3.1 to 3.5 minutes; 2 per cent when 3.6 to 4 minutes; and 1 percent when 4.1 to 4.5 minutes. 1 Production___ Wage earners en titled to bonus Reelers, winders, and coners. Index Numbers of Employment and of Pay Rolls, 1929 to 1932 Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in rayon and other synthetic yarn manufacturing are presented in table 9 for each of the months and years from January 1929 to December 1932. These numbers (1929 average = 100) are as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in monthly reports on Trend of Employment in the United States. During the period covered in the table employment was highest (105.2) in August 1931 and lowest (63.7) in July and August 1932, and pay rolls were highest (109.3) in March 1930 and lowest (40.9) in July 1932. Indexes of employment, by years, dropped from 100 in 1929 to 99 in 1930 and 1931, and to 88.7 in 1932, while those of pay rolls fell each year from 100 in 1929 to 63.7 in 1932. 13 RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 T able 9*— Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls January 1929 to December 1982, by month and year [Average for 1929=100] Employment P ay roll M onth 1929 1930 1931 1932 1929 1930 January..................................................... February................................................. M arch....................................................... A pril.......................................................... M a y ........ ................................................. June........................................................... July........................................................... August...................................................... September................................................ October................................... - ................ Novem ber................................................ December................................................. 97.5 99.0 101.6 101.9 92.6 95.0 98.9 101.2 100.8 103.7 104.6 102.8 101.8 101.4 103.2 102.7 100.7 99.8 99.5 97.5 97.1 95.3 95.5 94.0 88.4 89.5 94.0 96.5 99.2 101.6 103.4 105.2 102.9 103.5 101.8 101.5 102.9 102.4 98.7 95.3 89.2 64.1 63.7 63.7 89.9 95.9 98.1 100.9 96.1 97.9 96.6 96.4 92.1 97.3 98.9 103.5 101.8 106.1 109.2 103.9 105.9 108.6 109.3 103.6 104.8 97.2 100.5 88.7 87.7 88.7 88.1 83.5 81.4 81.6 86.7 86.3 91.4 90.9 90.5 91.3 85.7 87.9 76.4 76.3 73.9 78.5 76.6 72.2 63.6 45.0 40.9 42.8 63.7 68.0 69.1 70.4 Average.......................................... 100.0 99.0 99.0 88.7 100.0 97.2 85.5 63.7 1931 1932 Importance and Growth of the Industry The manufacture of rayon and other synthetic yarns is a compara tively new industry. Prior to 1925 the industry was considered of minor importance and was grouped with “ Chemicals, not elsewhere classified” by the United States Census of Manufactures. Since 1925, the increasing popularity of the various kinds of wearing apparel and of miscellaneous articles in which the yarn is used has resulted in tremendous growth in production and in number of wage earners employed in the industry. The yarn is one of the important materials used by many mills engaged in making cloth, underwear, hosiery, and other articles. The production of rayon and other synthetic yarns in the United States in 1927 by different processes was as follows: Viscose, approxi mately 82 percent; nitrocellulose or chardonnet, 10 percent; cellulose acetate, 4 percent; cuprammonium, 2 percent; and others, 2 percent. Table 10 shows the trend of the industry, all processes combined, by years from 1925 to 1931, in number of establishments and wage earners, amount paid in wages, cost of materials, value of products, value added by manufacture, and number of pounds of yarn pro duced. These figures are as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures. Averages per wage earner for each of these items for each year and the percent wages formed of the value added by manufacture in each year, as computed by the Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, are also shown in the table. Average annual wages decreased from $1,201 in 1925 to $1,088 in 1927, increased to $1,143 in 1929, and then decreased to $987 in 1931. The percent that wages formed of the value added was 33 in 1925, 34 in 1927, 38 in 1929, and 40 in 1931. 176636°—33------3 14 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR T a b l e 10.— Number of establishments and wage earners, amount of wages, cost of materials, value of products, value added by manufacture, and quantity of yarn man ufactured, 1925 to 1981 From United States Census of Manufactures Year Number of estab lish ments 1925............................... 1927-............... ............ . 1929................................ 1931............................... 14 19 29 32 Average number of wage earners Amount paid in wages Cost of materials Value of products Value add Quantity of ed b y man yarn manu factured ufacture (pounds) 19,128 $22,975,605 $18,477,965 $88,060,962 $69,582,997 26,341 28,649,441 25,747,792 109,888,336 84,140,544 39,106 44,697,129 33,334,753 149,546,107 116,211,354 38,732 38,220,094 36,206,576 132,783,559 96,576,983 51,902,491 75,555,439 116,632,378 150,509,654 Computed b y Bureau of Labor Statistics Average per wage earner of— Year Annual wages 1925...................— ................ 1927........................................ 1929...... ............. .................... 1931...................................... $1,201 1,088 1,143 987 Cost of material $966 977 852 935 Value of products Value added b y manufac ture Annual pro duction of yarn (pounds) $3,638 3,194 2,972 2,493 2,713 2,868 2,982 3,886 $4,604 4,172 3,824 3,428 Percent wages are of value added 33 34 38 40 Scope and Method The 1932 wage data used in compiling this bulletin are for wage earners of 20 representative establishments located in 13 States. Data for executives, office clerks, employees engaged in the construc tion of buildings, power-house employees, and those whose duties were mainly supervisory were not included. The 1931 United States Census of Manufactures reports 38,732 wage earners in the industry in the United States in that year. Based on the 1931 census the 25,326 wage earners covered in the 1932 study is 65 percent of the total in the industry. Average days on which wage earners worked in 1 week were computed by dividing the total days on which all wage earners in the occupation worked in the week by the total number of wage earners in the occupation. In computing this average, each day or part of a day on which a wage earner did any work was counted as a day. Average full-time hours per week were computed by dividing the total full-time hours per week of all wage earners in the occupation by the number of wage earners in the occupation in the week. The full-time hours per week of each wage earner were used in arriving at this average, even though some wage earners worked more or less than full time on account of entering or leaving the service during the week, overtime, sickness, disability, or some other cause. Average hours actually worked in 1 week were computed by dividing the total hours actually worked in the week by the total number of wage earners in the occupation in the week. The percent of full time was obtained by dividing the average hours actually worked in 1 week by the average full-time hours per week. RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 15 Data for each plant with a pay period of more than 1 week were reduced to a 1-week basis. Average earnings per hour for the wage earners in each occupation were computed by dividing the total earnings of all wage earners in the occupation in 1 week by the total hours worked in that week by such wage earners. Average full-time earnings per week for wage earners in each occu pation were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour of all wage earners in the occupation by their average full-time hours per week, assuming that the earnings for full time would be at the same average rate per hour as during the hours actually worked in 1 week. Average actual earnings per week were computed by dividing the total amount earned by all wage earners in an occupation in 1 week by the number of wage earners in the occupation. Occupations in the Industry The occupations for which data are presented in this bulletin are arranged below as nearly as possible in the order of manufacture. All wage earners in occupations other than those listed below are included in the group of “ other employees.” A description of each of the principal occupations found in the study of the industry appears in Bulletin No. 546 (pp. 14-16). Chemical-building workers. Spinning-bath men. Spinners. Machine cleaners. Spinneret cleaners. Filter cleaners. Bobbin washers. Cake washers. Bobbin driers. Cake driers. Cake inspectors. Pump testers. Spoolers. Twisters or throwers. Reelers and lacers. Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin. Skein washers or bleachers. Skein driers. Skein inspectors. Cone inspectors. Wrappers and packers. Truckers and handlers. Laborers. General Tables In addition to the text tables already presented, five general tables, which show the data for 1932 in detail, are given as follows: T a b l e A.— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sex, and district. The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ average full time hours per week” and “ average hours actually worked in 1 week” is for the purpose of ready comparison of the hours that would have been worked in the week had all wage earners in the occupation worked no more nor less than full time, with the average hours that were actually worked in the week. One shows the full-time hours under normal conditions while the other shows the average hours that were actually worked in the week by all the wage earners in the occupation in each district and in all districts combined. Near the end of the table (p. 20) it is seen that the 14,869 males in the 20 plants worked on an average of 5.8 days in 1 week; that their 16 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR average full-time hours in 1 week were 48.6; that they actually worked an average of 47.9 hours in the week, or 98.6 percent of full time; that they earned an average of 40.8 cents per hour and $19.51 per week; and that had they worked full time of 48.6 hours at the same average per hour as was earned in the average hours actually worked in the week, they would have earned $19.83 in the week. The 10,457 females in the 20 plants worked on an average of 5.6 days in 1 week. Their full-time hours per week were 47.6 and they worked an average of 44.3 hours in the week, or 93.1 percent of full time. They earned an average of 28.3 cents per hour and $12.55 per week. Had they worked the average full time of 47.6 hours per week at the same average rate as was earned in the 44.3 hours they would have earned an average of $13.47 per week. The 25,326 males and females in the 20 plants worked on an aver age of 5.7 days in 1 week. Their average full-time hours per week were 48.2, and in the week they worked an average of 46.4 hours or 96.3 percent of full time. They earned an average of 35.9 cents per hour and $16.64 per week. Had they worked their average full time of 48.2 hours per week at the same average rate per hour as was earned in the 46.4 hours they would have earned an average of $17.30 per week. T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district. T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district. T a b l e D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district. T a b l e E.— Average and classified earnings in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district. T A . — Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per weeky average earnings per hourf and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sex, and district able IDistrict 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, N ew York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, M aryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia] Occupation, sex, and district Chemical-building workers, male: District 1____________________ ____________________ District 3____________________ Aver Aver Aver age Aver Aver Aver age N um days on age Percent age age age full actual N um hours of full earn full ber of ber of which time earn time actually time estab wage earn wage earners hours worked actually ings ings lish ings in 1 worked per in 1 ments earners worked per per hour week week week in 1 week week 4 84 District 6 3622 10 1,408 6.5 6.1 6.1 51.7 51.7 49.4 53.2 50.2 50.8 102.9 $0,408 $21.09 .504 26.06 97.1 102.8 .380 18.77 $21 73 25.32 19.30 Total....................................... 20 1,854 6.1 50.0 50.8 101.6 .406 20.30 20.58 Spinning-bath men, male: District 1............. ...................... District 2____________________ District 3______________ _____ 3 5 10 8 32 226 6.6 6.0 6.4 46.0 51.5 51.7 47.4 50.3 51.9 103.0 97.7 100.4 .430 .562 .379 19.78 28.94 19.59 20.38 28.27 19.68 Total______________________ 18 266 6.4 51.5 51.6 100.2 .402 20.70 20.73 17 RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 T A .— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sexf and district— Continued able Occupation, sex, and district Aver age N um N um days on ber of ber of which wage estab wage earners lish earners worked ments in 1 week Aver Aver Aver Aver age Percent Aver age age age age full actual full hours of full earn time time actually time earn earn hours worked actually ings ings per ings per in 1 worked in 1 hour per week week week week Spinners, male: District 1............. ......... District 2........................ District 3........................ 4 6 10 143 815 2,479 6.1 5.9 6.0 47.0 50.6 49.3 45.4 48.6 50.1 96.6 $0,422 $19.83 .551 27.88 96.0 .428 21.10 101.6 $19.17 26.79 21.47 Total............................ 20 3,437 6.0 49.5 49.6 100.2 .457 22.62 22.64 Machine cleaners, male: District 1____ ________ District 2........................ District 3........................ 1 5 9 3 18 121 5.7 6.1 5.8 48.0 54.4 46.2 45.3 49.1 45.4 94.4 90.3 98.3 .392 .429 .339 18.82 23.34 15.66 17.76 21.05 15.41 Total........................... 15 142 5.9 47.2 45.9 97.2 .352 16.61 16.17 Spinneret cleaners, male: District 1_____________ District 2.................... District 3........................ 4 4 6 13 36 58 6.3 6.1 6.2 47.4 52.0 48.6 47.8 50.0 50.4 100.8 96.2 103.7 .433 .499 .338 20.52 25.95 16.43 20.72 24.97 17.05 Total............................ 14 107 6.1 49.6 49.9 100.6 .404 20.04 20.16 Spinneret cleaners, female: District 1__..................... District 2........................ District 3........................ 1 1 5 2 4 46 6.0 6.5 5.8 48.0 48.0 48.5 48.0 50.6 48.7 100.0 105.4 100.4 .297 .264 .268 14.25 12.67 13.00 14.25 13.35 13.03 Total............................ 7 52 5.8 48.4 48.8 100.8 .268 12.97 13.10 Filter cleaners, male: District 1........................ District 2_ _ ______ __________ District 3........................ 1 5 7 2 29 70 6.0 5.7 6.1 48.0 48.2 48.6 48.0 46.6 52.3 100.0 96.7 107.6 .324 .457 .320 15.55 22.03 15.55 15.55 21.28 16.75 Total...... ............ ........ 13 101 6.0 48.5 50.6 104.3 .356 17.27 18.03 Filter cleaners, female: District 1........... ........... District 3........................ 2 2 4 14 6.0 6.0 52.5 48.0 52.5 48.7 100.0 101.5 .229 .277 12.02 13.30 12.02 13.50 Total............................ 4 18 6.0 49.0 49.6 101.2 .266 13.03 13.17 B obbin washers, male: District 1........................ District 2........................ District 3........................ 2 1 6 36 24 182 6.2 6.8 5.8 50.7 56.0 50.9 49.2 54.6 47.3 97.0 97.5 92.9 .404 .477 .301 20.48 26.71 15.32 19.89 26.05 14.22 Total............................ 9 242 6.0 51.4 48.3 94.0 .336 17.27 16.24 Cake washers, male: District 1........................ District 2........................ District 3........................ 1 3 1 3 100 57 5.7 5.4 5.0 53.0 56.0 40.0 59.8 44.8 40.0 112.8 80.0 100.0 .300 .397 .342 15.90 22.23 13.68 17.92 17.78 13.68 Total............................ 5 160 5.3 50.2 43.4 86.5 .376 18.88 16.32 B obbin driers, male: District 1........................ District 2........................ District 3........................ 1 1 6 3 6 69 7.0 6.8 5.9 56.0 56.0 49.3 56.0 54.7 49.8 100.0 97.7 101.0 .324 .480 .316 18.13 26.88 15.58 18.13 26.27 15.73 Total............................ 8 78 6.0 50.1 50.4 100.6 .330 16.53 16.63 Cake driers, male: District 2........................ District 3........................ 1 1 2 8 5.0 5.3 56.0 40.0 40.0 42.0 71.4 105.0 .480 .360 26.88 14.40 19.20 15.12 2 10 5.2 43.2 41.6 96.3 .383 16.55 15.94 Total............................. 18 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR T a b l e A .— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued Occupation, sex, and district N um Num ber of ber of estab wage lish ments earners Aver age days on which wage earners worked in 1 week Aver Aver Aver Aver age age age Percent Aver full age age full hours of full earn time actual time actually time earn earn hours worked actually ings ings per ings per in 1 worked hour in i per week week week week Cake inspectors, male: District 2............................... ..... District 3..................................... 1 1 15 17 5.2 5.5 54.9 40.0 41.2 44.3 75.0 $0,554 $30.41 110.8 .420 16.80 $22.84 18.59 Total........................................ 2 32 5.4 47.0 42.8 91.1 .481 22.61 20.58 Pum p testers, male: District 1..................................... District 2............... ..................... District 3____________________ 4 5 9 6 18 75 6.5 5.9 5.9 50.0 51.1 46.6 52.2 48.4 47.4 104.4 94.7 101.7 .443 .504 .365 22.15 25.75 17.01 23.14 24.39 17.29 Total........................................ 18 99 6.0 47.6 47.8 100.4 .396 18.85 18.93 Spoolers, male: District 3____________________ 4 74 5.6 46.7 44.4 95.1 .300 14.01 13.31 Spoolers, female: District 1........... ......................... District 2...................... .............. District 3..................................... 1 1 4 16 281 388 5.4 5.3 5.5 54.0 43.0 48.3 37.5 34.0 39.9 69.4 79.1 82.6 .255 .274 .287 13.77 11.78 13.86 9.55 9.30 11.47 T otal.... .................................... 6 685 5.4 46.2 37.4 81.0 .281 12.98 10.54 Twisters or throwers, male: District 1..................................... District 3............. ...................... 1 6 21 492 4.6 5.7 60.0 47.2 54.8 46.0 91.3 97.5 .276 .295 16.56 13.92 15.14 13.57 Total........................................ 7 513 5.6 47.7 46.4 97.3 .294 14.02 13.63 Twisters or throwers, female: District 1____________________ District 2.................................... District 3_________ ________ 2 2 6 70 207 475 5.9 5.7 5.6 51.3 49.6 51.2 53.6 48.9 47.7 104.5 98.6 93.2 .271 .316 .248 13.90 15.67 12.70 14.51 15.47 11.83 Total........................................ 10 752 5.6 50.8 48.6 95.7 .269 13.67 13.08 Reelers and lacers, female: District 1................................. . District 2____________________ District 3_................. ................. 4 3 9 209 581 2,486 5.5 5.6 5.6 49.7 48.1 46.4 48.0 47.6 44.0 96.6 99.0 94.8 .266 .359 .278 13.22 17.27 12.90 12.80 17.12 12.25 Total...................... ........... ..... 16 3,276 5.6 46.9 44.9 95.7 .293 13.74 13.15 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bob bin, male: District 2.................................. . District 3................................. . 1 7 69 900 4.2 5.2 48.0 44.8 31.4 41.6 65.4 92.9 .358 .302 17.18 13.53 11.24 12.56 T otal....................................... 8 969 5.2 45.0 40.9 90.9 .305 13.73 12.46 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bob bin, female: District 1.................................... District 2_______ ______ _____ District 3.................................... 2 6 7 37 646 1,813 4.6 5.2 5.7 52.4 46.8 48.0 42.1 41.1 44.3 80.3 87.8 92.3 .261 .289 .263 13.68 13.53 12.62 11.00 11.86 11.63 T otal....... ................................ 15 2,496 5.5 47.8 43.4 90.8 .269 12.86 11.68 Skein washers and bleachers, male: District 1....... ........................... District 2....... ............................ District 3....... ....................... ..... 4 3 9 38 105 551 5.5 5.9 5.9 54.2 49.7 47.1 54.6 52.8 47.0 100.7 106.2 99.8 .368 .497 .390 19.95 24.70 18.37 20.07 26.25 18.33 T otal......... .............................. 16 694 5.8 47.9 48.3 100.8 .406 19.45 19.62 Skein driers, male: District 1.................................... District 2............................. ....... District 3....... ............................ 1 2 5 2 15 222 6.0 3.7 5.9 48.0 47.8 48.5 48.0 43.6 47.5 100.0 91.2 97.9 .308 .512 .372 14.77 24.47 18.04 14.77 22.34 17.66 T otal....... ................................ 8 239 5.7 48.4 47.2 97.5 .380 18.39 17.93 19 RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 T A .— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1982, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued able Occupation, sex, and district Skein driers, female: District 1_______ District 2_______ District 3_______ Aver age N um N um days on ber of ber of which estab wage wage lish earners earners worked ments in 1 week Aver Aver Aver age age Percent age hours of full earn full actually time time ings hours worked actually per in i worked hour per week week Aver Aver age age full actual time earn earn ings ings in 1 per week week 3 2 2 14 '28 20 5.9 5.6 5.7 49.0 49.1 50.5 50.0 50.9 48.3 102.0 $0,277 $13.57 .312 15.32 103.7 .246 12.42 95.6 $13.84 15.89 11.88 7 62 5.7 49.5 49.9 100.8 .283 14.01 14.13 Skein inspectors, male: District 3.................. 2 32 5.0 48.0 36.5 76.0 .300 14.40 10.94 Skein inspectors, female: District 1_.................. District 2.................... District 3.................... 4 3 9 127 252 1,291 5.4 5.7 5.4 49.7 48.0 46.3 46.6 46.0 43.0 93.8 95.8 92.9 .252 .317 .302 12.52 15.22 13.98 11.71 14.57 13.01 16 1,670 5.4 46.8 43.8 93.6 .300 14.04 13.15 1 2 3 20 6.7 6.0 56.0 49.1 56.0 49.6 100.0 101.0 .567 .361 31.75 17.73 31.75 17.91 3 23 6.1 50.0 50.4 100.8 .391 19.55 19.71 1 4 9 2 29 590 6.0 5.5 5.7 54.0 49.0 48.0 54.0 45.9 45.0 100.0 93.7 93.8 .207 .376 .262 11.19 18.42 12.58 11.19 17.24 11.81 14 621 5.7 48.1 45.1 93.8 .268 12.89 12.06 2 5 5 5 41 73 5.6 5.7 5.4 48.0 48.0 46.9 50.7 45.8 43.8 105.6 95.4 93.4 .297 .518 .310 14.26 24.86 14.54 15.07 23.75 13.57 12 119 * 5.5 47.4 44.8 94.5 .383 18.15 17.14 4 4 8 18 54 301 5.8 5.4 5.8 50.0 46. 2 48.7 50.1 41.3 47.0 100.2 85.7 96.5 .264 .327 .260 13.20 15.76 12.66 13.24 13.51 12.21 16 373 5.7 48.7 46.3 95.1 .269 13.10 12.45 4 5 10 . 31 141 870 6.2 5.5 6.0 50.5 49.3 48.0 55.6 46.8 49.5 110.1 94.9 103.1 .291 .326 .297 14.70 16.07 14.26 16.18 15.26 14.71 19 1,042 5.9 48.3 49.3 102.1 .301 14.54 14.83 2 1 2 5 2 14 6.0 6.0 6.0 49.2 49.5 50.0 47.2 47.4 49.3 95.9 95.8 98.6 .263 .220 .273 12.94 10.89 13.65 12.43 10.42 13.48 5 21 6.0 49.8 48.6 97.6 .266 13.25 12.94 3 6 10 23 189 621 6.1 5.5 5.7 50.9 49.6 48.3 51.2 45.5 46.7 100.6 91.7 96.7 .362 .400 .277 18.43 19.84 13.38 18.53 18.22 12.91 Total _ Total _ Cone inspectors, male: District 2..... ............ District 3.................. TotalCone inspectors, female: District 1.................... District 2.................... District 3.................... T otalWrappers and packers, male: District 1__________ _____ District 2............................. District 3............................. T ota l. Wrappers and packers, female: District 1________ _________ District 2........... ................... District 3............................. . Total.. Truckers and handlers, male: District 1............................. District 2........................... District 3............................. T o ta lTruckers and handlers, female: District 1................................ District 2................................ District 3............................... . Total.. Laborers, male: District 1— . District 2 „_ . District 3— TotaL. 19 833 5.7 48.7 46.5 95.5 .307 14.95 14.27 Laborers, female: District 1........ District 3........ 1 1 2 4 6.0 6.0 48.0 48.0 49.9 47.9 104.0 99.8 .264 .215 12.67 10.32 13.18 10.30 Total.. 2 6 6.0 48.0 48.-6 101.3 .232 11.14 11.26 20 T WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR A .— Average days on which wage earners worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and percent of full time worked, 1932, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued able Occupation, sex, and district Aver age Num N um days on ber of ber of which wage estab wage earners lish ments earners worked in 1 week Aver Aver Aver Aver age Percent Aver age age age full actual age full hours of full earn time earn time actually time earn ings hours worked actually ings ings per in 1 per in 1 worked hour per week week week week Other employees, male: District 1____________________ District 2 _________________ District 3.................................... 4 6 10 123 1,077 2,603 6.4 5.6 5.7 50.7 49.4 47.6 55.7 45.7 46.9 109.9 $0,447 $22.66 .521 25.74 92.5 98.5 .451 21.47 $24.91 23.79 21.15 Total........................................ 20 3,803 5.7 48.2 46.8 97.1 .470 22.65 22.02 Other employees, female: District 1............... ..................... District 2____________________ District 3____________________ 3 4 9 30 115 280 5.9 5.4 5.7 50.0 48.9 47.7 52.8 44.0 46.0 105.6 90.0 96.4 .281 .333 .282 14.05 16.28 13.45 14.81 14.64 13.00 48.2 45.9 95.2 .295 14.22 13.57 Total.................. ..................... 16 425 5.6 A ll employees, male: District 1____________________ District 2 ___________________ District 3............. ....................... 4 6 10 544 3,097 11,228 6.1 5.7 5.8 50.3 50.3 48.1 51.4 47.1 47.9 102.2 93.6 99.6 .401 .503 .382 20.17 25.30 18.37 20.63 23.68 18.31 r Total........... ........................... 20 14.869 5.8 48.6 47.9 98.6 .408 19.83 19.51 A ll employees, female: District 1.................................... District 2...... ........ .................... District 3................................... 4 6 10 536 2,199 7,722 5.5 5.5 5.6 50.3 47.3 47.4 48.1 43.6 44.3 95.6 92.2 93.5 .264 .319 .275 13.28 15.09 13.04 12.69 13.88 12.17 T otal........................................ 20 10,457 5.6 47.6 44.3 93.1 .283 13.47 12.55 A ll employees, male and female: District 1____________________ District 2...... ................... .......... District 3..................................... 4 6 10 1,080 5,296 18,950 5.8 5.6 5.7 50.3 49.1 47.8 49.8 45.6 46.4 99.0 92.9 97.1 .335 .430 .341 16.85 21.11 16.30 16.69 19.61 15.81 T otal............. .......................... 20 25,326 5.7 48.2 46.4 96.3 .359 17.30 16.64 T a b l e B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 10 specified occupations, 1982, by sex and district [District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, N ew York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia] Num ber of wage earners whose earnings per hour were— Occupation, sex, and district 10, un der 12 cts. 12, un der 14 cts. 14, un der 16 cts. 16, un der 18 cts. 18, un der 20 cts. 20, un der 25 cts. 25, un der 30 cts. 30, un der 35 cts. 35, un der 40 cts. 40, un der 45 cts. 45, un der 50 cts. 50, un der 55 cts. 55, un der 60 cts. 60, un der 65 cts. 65, un der 70 cts. 6 Chem ical-building workers, male: District 1__........................................................................ D istrict 2_........................................................................ District 3............................................................................ 4 6 10 84 362 1,408 $0,408 .504 .380 3 48 86 9 27 225 32 13 365 18 51 389 5 70 265 5 64 15 7 55 12 2 76 6 3 48 92 261 410 458 340 84 74 78 6 70, un der 75 cts. T otal................................................................................ 20 1,854 .406 Spinners, male: District 1............................................................................ District 2__...................................................................... District 3__...................................................................... 4 6 10 143 815 2,479 .422 .551 .428 12 4 218 2 21 197 49 64 622 63 26 148 24 56 732 5 186 528 100 19 353 2 4 1 1 12 222 220 735 237 812 719 119 355 5 1 4 5 20 35 8 1 1 T otal................................................................................ 20 3,437 .457 Spoolers, male: District 3............................................................................ 4 74 .300 Spoolers, female: District 1............................................................................ District 2..................................................... ........... .......... District 3__*...................................................................... 1 1 4 16 281 388 .255 .274 .287 1 14 5 1 8 16 5 70 29 9 130 140 2 48 183 18 5 1 15 6 24 104 279 233 23 1 T otal................................................................................ 6 685 .281 Twisters or throwers, male: District l . _ ........................................................................ District 3__........................................................................ 1 6 21 492 .276 .295 8 14 37 1 266 3 160 3 13 1 2 2 3 T otal................................................................................ 7 513 .294 8 51 267 163 16 1 2 2 3 ===== ===== ===== = = ===== RATON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 N um N um Aver ber of age 8, estab ber of earn wage lish ings per un der ments earners hour 10 cts. ========== ===== to T a b l e B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 10 specified occupations, 1982, by sex and district— C o n tin u e d N um ber of wage earners whose earnings per hour were— Occupation, sex, and district 10, un der 12 cts. 12, un der 14 cts. 14, un der 16 cts. 16, un der 18 cts. 18, un der 20 cts. 20, un der 25 cts. 25, un der 30 cts. 30, un der 35 cts. 35, un der 40 cts. 40, un der 45 cts. 45, un der 50 cts. 50, un der 55 cts. 55, un der 60 cts. 60, un der 65 cts. $0,271 .316 .248 1 1 1 8 1 1 36 1 3 52 21 3 121 33 16 204 8 177 49 4 6 4 T ota l................................................................................ 10 752 .269 1 10 38 56 145 253 234 14 1 Heelers and lacers, female: District 1 District 2 District 3............................................................................. 4 3 9 209 581 2,486 .266 .359 .278 24 15 2 2 54 81 37 464 70 113 970 53 87 913 2 134 13 1 168 6 1 12 1 8 38 5 T otal................................................................................ 16 3,276 .293 5 12 24 9 15 58 582 1,153 1,053 149 175 38 1 1 7 69 900 .358 .302 1 2 9 77 381 26 315 32 102 10 9 1 1 2 1 T otal................................................................................ 8 969 .305 1 2 9 77 381 341 134 19 2 2 1 W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female: D istriot 1 Tiictripf’ 2 District 3_.......................................................................... 2 6 7 37 646 1,813 .261 .289 .263 2 1 5 2 4 21 6 26 1 66 26 10 214 131 286 1,089 1 234 290 45 29 4 3 15 2,496 .269 3 7 25 32 67 427 1,329 525 74 7 4 3 9 38 105 551 .368 .497 .390 1 4 22 15 12 11 59 15 2 158 5 1 267 2 6 17 2 84 1 1 1 6 2 16 694 .406 4 22 16 82 175 273 25 87 8 2 2 32 .300 6 18 5 1 1 1 LABOR Skein inspectors, male: District 3__________________________________________ 1 1 OF Skein washers and bleachers, male: District 1 D istrict 2 District 3............................................................................. 1 1 HOURS Total AND 70 207 475 1 D istrict 3 __........................................................................ 2 2 6 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, male: 9 1 District 3__...................................................................... . 65, 70, un un der der 75 70 cts. cts. WAGES Twisters or throwers, female: N um N um Aver age ber of ber of 8, earn estab wage ings per un lish der earners hour ments 10 cts. RATON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 to CO T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district [District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, N ew Y ork, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, M aryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia] Num ber of wage earners whose full-time hours per week were— Average N um ber Number full-time of estab of wage 40, hours lishments earners per week under 44 Occupation, sex, and district - - ____ 54 55 56 Over 56, under 60 60 Over 60, 66 to under 72 66 2 8 4 3 30 145 389 8 3 8 7 564 8 3 136 1,124 2 47.0 50.6 49.3 40 27 183 91 538 1,710 12 215 586 35 250 2,339 813 35 20 1,864 50.0 4 6 10 143 815 2,479 74 46.7 Spoolers, female: TiWtriot 1 District 2 District 3 1 1 4 16 281 388 54.0 43.0 48.3 281 6 685 46.2 281 1 6 21 492 5 33 36 23 337 23 337 60.0 47.2 120 362 10 120 362 10 LABOR 4 16 28 16 28 21 T otal....................................................................... 7 513 47.7 Twisters or throwers, female: District 1 Dktript 2 District 3................................................................... 2 2 6 70 207 475 51.3 49.6 51.2 37 T otal....................................................................... 10 752 50.8 37 48 170 71 22 205 205 289 22 199 199 2 OF 49.5 Over 50, under 54 136 51.7 51.7 49.4 3,437 Twisters or throwers, male: District 1 District 3 50 2 84 362 1,408 20 T otal....................................................................... under 50 46 195 883 4 6 10 Spoolers, male: District 3................................................................... Total Over 48 HOURS Spinners, male: District 1 District 2 District 3 Over 45, under 48 AND Total 45 WAGES Chemical-building workers, male: 44 21 Beelers and District District District lacers, female: 1................................................... . 2........................................ ............... 3....................................................... 209 581 2,486 49.7 48.1 46.4 T otal............................................................ 3,276 46.9 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, male: District 2_______________________________ District 3........................................................ 900 48.0 44.8 344 519 45.0 344 588 T otal........................................................... T otal........................................................... 15 Skein washers and bleachers, male: District 1_______________________________ District 2_______________________________ District 3........................................................ T otal_________________________________ 262 474 1,652 81 2,496 47.8 243 38 105 551 54.2 49.7 47.1 18 95 430 3 10 70 47.9 70 543 13 32 48.0 Skein inspectors, female: District 1_______________________________ District 2_______________________________ District 3............................. ........................... 127 252 1,291 49.7 48.0 46.3 227 174 1,670 46.8 227 174 31 141 870 50.5 49.3 48.0 1,042 48.3 Truckers and handlers, male: District 1_______________________________ District 2_______________________________ District 3.................................. ............ ......... T otal........................................................ 19 Truckers and handlers, female: District 1............................. ........................... District 2............................. ........................... District 3....................... ............................... 49.2 49.5 50.0 T otal............................................................ 49.8 15 245 109 52.4 46.8 48.0 16 16 75 75 37 646 1,813 Skein inspectors, male: District 3........................................................ T ota l_________________________________ 33 115 15 96 139 111 . 1,738 32 217 65 4 844 217 913 173 57 18 12 38 501 173 75 551 38 31 12 13 31 43 39 39 109 RAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female: District 1________________ _______________ District 2................ ........................... ............ District 3_______________________________ 95 9 1,548 81 262 474 486 43 to Ox T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 10 specified occupations, 1982, by sex and district— Continued N umber of wage earners whose full-time hours per week were— Average Num ber Number full-time of estab of wage hours 40, lishments earners per week under 44 Occupation, sex, and district 45 Over 45, under 48 48 3 6 10 23 189 621 50.9 49.6 48.3 64 26 8 77 435 5 61 61 90 520 5 48.7 1 1 2 4 48.0 48.0 2 4 Total 2 6 48.0 6 54 55 Over 56, under 60 6 19 9 9 56 23 52 14 75 14 60 Over 60, 66 to under 72 66 1 33 25 33 1 OF LABOR Over 50, under 54 HOURS 833 - - - 50 AND 19 Laborers, female: District 1 ^District 3 Total Over 48, under 50 WAGES Laborers, male: District 1 District 2 District 3 44 T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1982, by sex and district [District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, N ew York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia] Occupation, sex, and district N um ber of wage earners whose hours actually worked in 1 week were— 12, un der 16 16, un der 20 20, un der 24 24, un der 28 28, un der 32 32, un der 36 36, un der 40 40, un der 44 44, un der 48 48 Over 52, 48, un un der der 54 52 4 6 10 84 362 1,408 53.2 50.2 50.8 10 1 3 14 1 4 19 1 14 4 28 2 18 2 64 98 3 5 73 30 100 301 2 4 ” 46" 69 43 17 5 19 15 32 20 164 81 431 49 6 7 1 4 99 1 15 2 10 59 11 6 8 29 220 175 17 20 130 56 146 443 6 7 104 16 71 25 424 167 1 1 4 13 9 76 55 111 7 9 43 15 T o t a l- - .................................... 20 1,854 50.8 10 1 Spinners, male: District 1______ _____________ District 2____________________ District 3______________ ______ 4 6 10 143 815 2,479 45.4 48.6 50.1 2 2 5 1 T otal........................................ 20 3,437 49.6 9 1 Spoolers, male: District 3____________________ 4 74 44.4 Spoolers, female: District 1____________________ District 2____________________ District 3........................ .......... 1 1 4 16 281 388 37.5 34.0 39.9 --— 4 9 54 Over 54, 58, un un der der 60 58 4 3 29 1 1 1 66 121 20 7 3 115 10 605 24 187 36 21 8 4 3 10 297 1 211 87 12 19 122 972 61 41 16 22 51 23 11 2 645 310 299 12 1,113 62 57 73 23 11 2 9 24 5 2 3 1 2 24 269 1 2 11 1 4 3 5 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 15 13 131 118 67 293 14 5 8 3 5 3 1 T o ta l. ..................................... 6 685 37.4 Twisters or throwers, male: District 1________ ___________ District 3____________________ 1 6 21 492 54.8 46.0 1 1 3 1 6 4 2 11 2 9 1 2 84 1 17 253 10 5 3 78 1 T otal........................................ 7 513 46.4 1 1 3 1 6 4 13 2 9 3 84 18 253 10 5 3 78 1 Twisters or throwers, female: D istrict 1__..................... .......... D istrict 2__................................ District 3__................................ 2 2 6 70 207 475 53.6 48.9 47.7 1 1 5 2 2 1 6 2 2 1 2 14 1 1 39 33 1 20 14 "147’ 2 70 "69* 164 6 20 1 2 45 1 76 T otal........................................ 10 752 48.6 1 1 5 2 3 = = (= = 7 4 17 2 72 35 236 23 122 70, 80 un and der over 80 1 2 21 2 ------- Over 65, 60, un un der der 70 65 38 59 508 1 2 "Y 1 60 1 2 7 1 2 3 12 1 17 147 75 1 17 1 RAYON, ETC., MANtJFACTtTRlNG, 1932 Chemical-building workers, male: District 1__................................ District 2__................................ Aver N um N um age ber of ber of hours estab actually 4, 8, wage lish worked Un un un ments earners in 1 der der der 4 week 8 12 Continued T a b l e D . — Average and classified hours actually worked in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1982, by sex and district Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in 1 week were— Occupation, sex, and district ber of N um hours ber of estab wage actually Un 4, lish earners worked der un der in 1 ments 4 8 week District 2____________________ District 3.................................... T ota l........................................ DiQtript 9 X/lotllvt 1 7 8 W inders, cone, quill, cop, or bob bin, female: District 1 D istrict 2.................................... District 3 ....................................................... 2 6 7 69 900 .... . 969 37 646 1,813 44.9 5 31.4 41.6 ’ T ? 4 1 1 694 48.3 Skein inspectors, male: D istrict 3____________________ 2 32 36.5 338 1,369 163 621 145 15 111 3 1 325 343 6 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 23 39 4 “ 67" 31 5 11 11 41 9 53 54 2 25 43 67 52 326 62 343 6 "T 2 45 4 17 6 5 15 64 1 136 17 1 21 212 82 211 125 206 5 925 7 119 101 89 A 0 O O 1 48 27 ad. 930 227 93 2 18 1 1 1 1 5 15 154 234 293 331 2 97 2 17 124 1 163 6 27 30 3 15 31 1 8 4 17 59 6 5 6 3 5 5 6 2 99 143 164 63 49 9 80 11 5 14 11 1 1 1 --- 1 2 4 6 8 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 5 7 8 13 1 1 25 1 --- 235 48 60 2 1 3 1 2 4 3 LABOR 16 3 85 1 l 3 T o t a l . ..................................... 74 8 29 11 1 2 8 54.6 52.8 47.0 8 6 1 4 3 2 38 105 551 39 27 79 5 14 28 3 4 3 9 12 341 268 1 1 1 Skein washers and bleachers, male: 1 District 2 _____ D istrict 3.................................. - 1 162 8 42.1 41.1 44.3 2 34 8 13 Q 98 63 216 232 1,272 67 11 43.4 2 12 71 50 4 2,496 2 4 61 1A 19 15 10 O O 37 IQ lo 1 70, 80 un and der over 80 o M 10 1Q lo 1 Over 65, 60, un un der der 70 65 32, un der 36 1A 10 40.9 T o ta l. ..................................... 1 4 Over 58, 54, un un der der 60 58 28, un der 32 OF T o t a l...................................... 3,276 48.0 47.6 44.0 Over 52, 48, un un der der 54 52 24, un der 28 36, un der 40 40, un der 44 44, un der 48 20, un der 24 HOTJKS District 3__................................ 16 209 581 2,486 16, un der 20 AND Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bob bin, male: 4 3 9 12, un der 16 WAGES Heelers and lacers, female: 1 8, un der 12 Skein inspectors, female: District 1................................ District 2 _.............................. District 3 __........................... T otal.................................... Truckers and handlers, male: District 1__............................ District 2 __............................ District 3 __............................ T o t a l................................... Laborers, male: District 1__............................ District 2 - - ............................ D istrict 3__............................ T o t a l . ................................. Laborers, female: District 1 - - ........................... District 3................................ T otal.................................... BATON, ETC., MANUFACTTJRING, 1932 T o t a l . ................................. Truckers and handlers, female: District 1__............................ District 2_.............................. District 3 _.............................. to co T a b l e E*— Average and classified actual earnings in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district 00 [District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, N ew York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, M aryland, North Caro lina, Tennessee, and Virginia] Num ber of wage earners whose earnings in 1 week were— Occupation, sex, and district _______________________ __ ______________ $12, un der $14 $14, $16, $18, $20, $22, $24, $26, $28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $42, un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der $16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 4 6 10 84 362 1,408 $21.73 25.32 19.30 1 1 1 13 2 11 2 45 2 7 81 4 4 199 7 14 203 22 42 201 21 48 156 6 30 316 8 56 36 5 38 95 34 31 5 24 4 2 9 3 1 20 1 1 28 2 12 20 1,864 20.58 12 2 14 13 47 90 207 224 265 225 352 100 138 65 33 14 22 29 2 4 6 10 143 815 2,479 19.17 26.79 21.47 2 2 5 1 21 1 5 23 5 81 2 7 123 14 16 162 20 17 199 40 27 243 40 109 566 17 41 163 5 157 291 20 274 81 219 1 182 100 101 5 5 3 40 1 9 1 22 29 86 132 192 236 310 715 221 453 294 300 283 106 8 40 2 3 14 31 15 5 2 1 1 20 3,437 22.64 4 74 13.31 Spoolers, female: District 1 District 2 District 3 1 1 4 16 281 388 9.55 9.30 11.47 2 7 12 12 4 67 28 4 108 60 8 57 79 16 149 14 51 3 2 2 6 685 10.54 9 24 99 172 144 165 65 5 2 1 6 21 492 15.14 13.57 2 10 10 1 20 1 80 148 10 140 1 54 2 20 2 5 2 2 3 7 513 13.63 5 12 10 21 81 148 150 55 22 2 4 3 2 2 6 70 207 475 14.51 15.47 11.83 4 6 92 7 6 78 14 27 184 28 27 64 10 130 24 2 5 1 1 5 1 5 19 3 1 8 10 752 13.08 9 5 25 102 91 225 119 164 8 3 1 Total Twisters or throwers, female: District 1 District 2 District 3 - - T otal................................................. LABOR T otal................................................. Twisters or throwers, male: District 1 District 3 OP T otal___________________________ Spoolers, male: District 3_________________________ HOURS Spinners, male: District 1 District 2 District 3 $8, $10, un un der der $10 $12 AND Total $6, un der $8 WAGES C hem ical-building workers, male: District 1 _ ______________ District 2 N um N um Average actual ber of ber of $4, earn estab wage un ings in Un lish der der ments earners 1 week $4 $6 Reelers and lacers, female: District 1..................... . District 2......................... District 3......................... T otal. 16 209 681 2,486 12.80 17.12 12.25 3,276 13.15 48 900 11.24 12.56 19 32 50 708 72 3 109 7 114 790 149 119 116 64 19 438 131 5 31 457 137 36 10 152 1,065 8 107 91 63 18 12 474 1,227 206 6 142 6 5 1 115 5 136 10 40 144 113 96 773 54 56 126 292 528 11 2 Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, male: District 2........................................... District 3......................... ................. 12.46 37 646 1,813 T otal. T otal. 16 Skein inspectors, male: District 3................... Skein inspectors, female: District 1..................... District 2...................... District 3...................... T otal. 16 Truckers and handlers, male: District 1............................... District 2_________________ District 3............................... T ota l. Truckers and handlers, female: District 1.................................. District 2.................................. District 3.................................. Total- 19 188 11.00 11.86 11.63 11.68 Skein washers and bleachers, male: District 1................ ........................ District 2...............................: ........ District 3..................... ................... 82 47 168 239 38 105 551 20.07 26.25 18.33 18 694 19.62 19 32 10.94 127 252 1,291 11.71 14.57 13.01 1,670 211 31 141 870 16.18 15.26 14.71 1,042 14.83 4 11 40 134 2 23 58 154 121 35 258 9 37 417 3 134 44 4 5 32 463 181 39 95 11 7 13 177 5 23 153 145 197 181 247 119 2 1 25 259 20 2 2 2 17 9 28 27 33 32 EAYON, ETC., MANUFACTURING, 1932 T otal. Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female: District 1............................................ District 2..................................... ...... District 3.................................. .......... 14 12.43 10.42 13.48 12.94 CO T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in 1 week in 10 specified occupations, 1932, by sex and district— Continued Num ber of wage earners whose earnings in 1 week were— Occupation, sex, and district Average actual earn Un $4, ings in der un 1 week der $4 $6 $6, un der $8 $8, $10, un un der der $10 $12 $12, un der $14 $14, $16, $18, $20, $22, $24, $26, $28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $42, un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der $16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 23 190 621 $18.53 1&22 12.91 1 2 8 1 24 1 65 1 2 109 3 12 71 2 19 231 63 72 1 29 15 13 39 4 1 10 5 6 16 16 11 25 66 112 86 252 135 45 56 16 6 14.27 1 1 2 4 13.18 10.30 1 4 1 Total 2 6 11.26 5 1 1 4 1 2 1 OP LABOR 1 1 HOURS 834 4 AND 19 Laborers, female: District 1 District 3 T otal............................................... - 1 3 6 10 WAGES Laborers, male: District 1 District 2 D istrict 3 N um N um ber of ber of estab wage lish earners ments
@FedFRASER