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Analysis of Work Stoppages 1 9 5 3 M A JO R DEVELO PM EN TS AND A N N U A L S T A T IS T IC S Bulletin No. 1163 UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T James P. M i t c h e l l , O F L A B O R Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner A n a ly s is W o rk of S to p p a g e s 1953 Major Developments and Annual Statistics Bulletin No. 1163 U NITED STATES DEPARTM ENT O F L A B O R J a m e s P. M i t c h e ll, S e c r e t a r y BIIRIAU OP LABOR STATISTICS Kwa* Clagno, Co— isslo— r F o r sale b y th e Superintenden t o f D ocu m en ts, U . S. G overn m en t Printin g Office W ashington 25, D . C . - P rice 30 cents Letter o f Transm ittal U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R , B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a sh in g to n , D . C . , M a y 2 8 , 1 9 5 4 . The S e c re ta ry of L ab or: I h a v e the hon or to t r a n s m it h e re w ith a r e p o r t on w o rk s to p p a g e s d u r ing the y e a r 1 9 5 3 . A p o r tio n o f th is r e p o r t w a s p r in te d in the M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w fo r M a y 1 9 5 4 . T h is b u lle tin w a s p r e p a r e d by A n n J . H e r lih y , L o r e t to R . N o la n , and D a n ie l P . W i l l i s , J r . , w ith the a s s i s t a n c e o f o th er m e m b e r s o f the s ta ff of the B u r e a u s D iv is io n o f W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s , under the d ir e c tio n o f L ily M a r y D a v id . T h e B u re a u w is h e s to a ck n o w le d g e the w id e s p r e a d c o o p e r a tio n o f e m p l o y e r s , u n io n s, the F e d e r a l M e d ia tio n and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v i c e , and v a r io u s State a g e n c ie s in fu rn ish in g in fo r m a tio n n eed ed fo r th is r e p o r t . E w a n C la g u e , C o m m i s s i o n e r . H on . J a m e s P . M it c h e ll, S e c reta ry of L a b o r. Contents P age S u m m a ry _____________________________________________________________________________________ Stoppages of 10, 000 or m o re w o rk e rs _________________________________________________ T ren d s during the y ea r ______________________________________ M a jo r is s u e s ________________________________________________________________________________ Industry groups affected __________________________________________________________________ Stoppages by S t a t e ___________________________________________________________________________ Stoppages by m etrop olitan a r e a __________________________________________________________ Unions in v o lv e d _____________________________________________________________________________ S ize of w ork sto p p a g e s _____ ________________________________________________________________ D uration of stoppages _____________________________________________________________________ M ethods of term in atin g stoppages _______________________________________________________ D isp o sitio n of i s s u e s _______________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 T a b le s W o rk stop pages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. In the United S ta te s, 1 9 2 7 -5 3 ___________________________________________________ Involving 1 0 ,0 0 0 or m o re w o r k e r s , s e le c te d p e r i o d s _________________________ M onthly trends _____________________________________________________________________ M ajor i s s u e s ________________________________________________________________________ B y ind ustry g r o u p _________________________________________________________________ B y S t a t e _____________________________________________________________________________ B y m etro p o lita n a re a _____________________________________________________________ B y a ffiliation of u n io n s ___________________________________________________________ B y num ber of w o rk ers ___________________________________________________________ B y num ber of e s t a b lis h m e n t s ___________________________________________________ Involving 1 0 ,0 0 0 or m o re w o r k e r s , a n a ly sis o f _____________________________ D uration _____________________________________________________________________________ M ethod o f term in atin g ___________________________________________________________ D isp o sitio n of i s s u e s _____________________________________________________________ 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 18 18 18 A P P E N D IX A - T a b les W o rk stop pages: 1. 2. 3. B y sp e c ific in d u s t r y ______________________________________________________________ B y industry group and m a jo r is s u e s _________________________________________ In States having 25 or m o re sto p p a g es, by in d u stry g ro u p _________________ 19 21 24 A P P E N D IX B ’ ’N ational E m e r g e n c y ” D ispute - E a st C o a s t L o n g sh o re m e n 1s strike _________ 31 ____________________________________ 33 A P P E N D IX C Methods of co lle ctin g w ork stoppage s ta t is tic s (v) 1 A n alysis of W ork Stoppages D uring 1953 Sum m ary Strike activity in 1953 was low er than in m ost postwar y ea rs when m easu red in te rm s of total idleness but relatively high as m easu red by the number of stoppages. A ll stoppages in effect during the year resulted in 28, 300, 000 m a n -d ays of idleness-----lower than in any year since W orld W ar II except 1951. Idleness in 1953 amounted to one-quarter of 1 percent of total tim e worked, le s s than on e-h alf the p r o portion in the previous y ea r. The absence of any prolonged industrywide stoppages accounted for the sharp drop in id len ess in 1953 (table 1). The 5 ,0 9 1 * work stoppages that began in 1953 w ere exceeded only in 1952 when 5 ,1 1 7 were recorded. A pproxim ately 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 w orkers were directly involved in disputes which started in 1953-----400,000 below the postw ar average. Strikes ending in 1953 lasted an average of 2 0 .3 calendar days, com pared with 1 9 .6 days in 1952. Idlen ess per worker involved in stoppages, how ever, was so m e what le s s (1 1 .8 working days) than in the previous year (1 6 .7 days). The su ccessfu l culmination of b a r gaining in the steel and automobile indus tr ie s and the absence of a m ajor stoppage in bitu m inous-coal mining were generally ch a ra cteristic of industrial relations in key in d u stries. The steel com panies and the United Steelw orkers (CIO) agreed on an im m ediate wage in crease of 8 .5 cents an hour in June 1953 and elim ination of geographic wage differentials by m i d - 1954. M ajor auto m obile m anufacturers and the United A uto m obile W orkers (CIO) agreed to basic wage 1 This 1953. It is the total number of verified strikes in does not include 23 sm all disputes for which the Bureau was unable to secure infor mation from the parties that an actual work stop page occurred. All known work stoppages arising out of labor-m anagem ent disputes involving six or m ore workers and continuing a full day or shift or longer are included in this report. Figures on "workers involved" and "man-days idle" cover all workers made idle for one shift or longer in establishm ents directly involved in these stoppages. They do not m easure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishm ents or industries whose em ployees are made idle as a result of m aterial or service shortages. adjustm ents and lib e ra lized pension plans after a reopening of their 5 -y e a r contracts which continue until 1955. With the decline in coal production, the United Mine W orkers (Ind. ) deferred reopening of their contracts. G reater s tr e s s was placed by the F ed eral Government upon '‘free bargaining" in settlem ent of disputes, even in defense in d u stries. E a rly in the year the G overn m ent offered m ediation, but did not in ter cede further in the 6 3 -d a y strike at the Evendale, Ohio, jet a irc ra ft engine plant of G eneral E le c tr ic C o .,2 or, later in the y ea r, in the 5 4-d a y stoppage involving North A m e r ican Aviation, I n c .34 In both instances the parties w ere urged to settle their differen ces at the bargaining table. The em ergency provisions of the L abor-M an agem en t R elations (T aft-H artley) A ct w ere invoked by P resident Eisenhower only once during 1953— in the strike during October arising, out of the unusual situation involving about 30,000 E a st Coast lo n gsh ore m en. This strike followed failure of the International Longshorem en1s A sso cia tio n (Ind. ) and the New Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia tion to agree on a contract to replace the one that expired on September 3 0 . F ailure to reach agreem ent was c lo se ly related to the riv a lry between this union which had been expelled fro m the A F L and the new I L A chartered by the A F L . The longshore men returned to work on October 6 after issuance of a court restraining ord er. The stoppage was not resum ed at the end of the 8 0 -day T a ft-H a rtle y injunction although a new contract had nbt been signed and the results of the N L R B representation election held in D ecem ber to determ ine the appro priate bargaining representative were still in doubt at the y ea r1s end. * 2 This stoppage, involving m em bers of the International A ssociation of M achinists (AFL) and the United Automobile Workers (CIO), was caused by a dispute over the size of a wage increase, union security, and supplementary wage benefits. It began March 16 and lasted until May 18. At its peak about 5,800 w orkers were idle. A backto-w ork movement in the last month of the stop page substantially reduced the number of workers idle. Agreem ent reached on May 17 provided a wage increase of 6 to 8 cents an hour, which the company had offered before the stoppage began, and other fringe benefits. 3 See table 11 for further details on this stoppage. 4 See Appendix B for a more detailed d is cussion of this dispute. 2 Econom ic conditions were prom inent among the factors influencing the ch a ra cter is tic s of work stoppages in 1953. P ric e s were relatively stable despite the te rm in a tion of econom ic controls in F ebruary, and new production records were attained in many industries. R econversion prob lem s that had attended the end of h ostilities in W orld War II did not recur after the c e s s a tion of Korean h o stilities. H owever, in flationary p re ssu re s eased and there was som e uncertainty over the econom ic outlook, especially in the latter months of the y ea r. Union demands and settlem ents were a lso influenced by increasing competition among m anufacturers of many products. Few large strikes of long duration occurred in m anu facturing industries. M ost of the long, large stoppages which did occur were in con stru c tion. This industry experienced the highest level of activity in te rm s of dollar expendi tures and physical volume recorded in the 39 y ears for which data are available. In several instances international union leadership took action to curb unau thorized or "w ild c a t" work stoppages. N ota ble among these was the action of the o ffi cials of the Bridge, Structural and O rnam en tal Iron W orkers (A F L ) in perm anently e x pelling on grounds of insubordination, the bu siness agent of a local union which carried on an unauthorized 2 9 -day strike at a Joppa, 111 . , powerplant being constructed to supply power for A tom ic Energy C o m m issio n fa c il itie s . In the same action, six other m e m bers of the local were suspended fro m p a r ticipation in the union’ s a ffa irs for periods ranging fro m 7 to 10 y e a r s . This stoppage, which continued fro m the la st half of Sep tem ber through the first half of O ctober, grew out of a dispute over the con tractor’ s hiring of ironw orkers fro m outside the Joppa a re a . The union lo ca l did not com ply with the instructions of the international to end the stoppage. W ork was resum ed under a F ed eral Court order restraining picketing until the N LR B ruled on the dispute. No work stoppages of serious p r o portions developed in the railroad industry during the year, although several em ergency boards were created in 1953 by executive order under the provisions of the Railway Labor A c t. One strike, however, received widespread attention. It involved a wage dispute between the Brotherhood of Railway C lerk s (AFL) and the Railway E x p re ss A g en cy in Pittsburgh, P a. , Detroit, M ich. , and M ilwaukee, W is. The stoppage lasted 95 days in Pittsburgh and for shorter periods in the other two c ities. During the course of the con troversy, union em ployees of the c o m pany in over 20 other cities voted to take strike action effective onD ecem ber 18. How e ver, a Presidential em ergency board was established on D ecem ber 16 and the union agreed to term inate the strike in Pittsburgh, M ilwaukee, and D etroit. A 6 2-d a y strike involving tru ck d rivers employed by building m a teria ls dealers in New York City was term inated in early Septem ber after the international president of the T ea m ste rs Union (AFL) in tervened in the dispute. Although this stop page directly involved fewer than 3, 000 tru ck d rivers, it indirectly idledabout 100,000 construction w orkers in the New Y ork m e t ropolitan area and halted work on many p r oj e ct s . E fforts by union lead ers to curb unauthorized strike action and interunion disputes were evident in the y e a r’ s d e v el opm ents. Except for the longshore dispute, the incidence of stoppages resulting from interunion or intraunion conflicts was slightly below the two preceding y e a r s. Late in 1953, the A F L and CIO ratified a no-raiding pact applying to international unions which v o l untarily agree to be bound by it. The A F L also established a special com m ittee to d e vise m achinery for the m ore effective se ttle ment of jurisdictional disputes among its affiliates and the CIO reported that its p r o cedure for settling jurisdictional problem s was functioning su ccessfu lly . Stoppages of 10, 000 or M ore W orkers Typically, about 1 stoppage out of 200 involves 10,000 or m ore w o rk ers. This ratio was approxim ated again in 1953 when 28 such large stoppages were recorded. M ost of these were relatively short and none was industrywide in scope. The 650, 000 w ork ers involved and the 7,270,000 m an-days of idlen ess in these stoppages made up about a fourth of the y e a r ’ s to tals. The large stoppages accounted for a sm aller proportion of strike idleness in 1953 than in a ll other p o s t-W o rld War II y ea rs except 1951. In 1952, p rim a rily because of the steel strike, the 35 large stoppages accounted for alm ost tw o-th irds (6 2 .6 percent) of total idleness (table s 2 and 11). Ten of the stoppages involving 10,000 or m ore w orkers w ere in the construction industry which is essen tially loca l in its operations. However, three relatively b rie f construction strikes did affect p rojects of the A tom ic Energy C o m m issio n . The auto m obile industry experienced 4 stoppages of 3 1 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore w o rk ers; steel, 3; rubber and telephones, 2 each; a irc ra ft, shipping, food products, apparel, d a irie s, new spapers, and containers, 1 each. Stoppages of construction w ork ers in northern C alifornia and em ployees of North A m eric a n A viation, I n c ., produced the la r g est amount of id le n e ss. E leven of the m ajor stoppages lasted le s s than a week; another 5 were concluded in le s s than 2 w eeks; 4 w ere in effect at le a st 2 weeks but le s s than a month; and 7 continued m ore than a month. The longest involved em ployees of the New J e rse y B ell Telephone C o. ; North A m erica n Aviation, I n c .; and construction w ork ers in 5 a rea s— northern C alifornia and the m e tro politan a re a s of Philadelphia, D etroit, K ansas C ity, and Indianapolis. One m ajor stoppage which began D ecem ber 2 continued into Jan uary 1954. This dispute involved 30, 000 em ployees of two m ajor producers of paper and m etal containers. Trends During the Y ear Stoppages during 1953 generally followed seasonal trends of other postwar y e a r s , with the number of strikes and id le n ess reaching highest le v e ls in the second and third q u arte rs. The 28 stoppages in volving the m ost w orkers were rather evenly distributed throughout the year although the la rg e st number (10) began in the second quarter; 7 occurred in the fir s t 3 months, 5 in the third quarter, and 6 in the la st 3 m onth s. The number of new strikes reached its peak of 596 in M ay, then d ecrea sed each month, to the y e a r ’ s low of 145 in D ecem b e r. Id len ess, how ever, was low est in February (1 ,1 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s), in creased to a peak in June (4,530,000), then declined to 1,700,000 days in Septem ber and rem ained clo se to this lev el for the re st of the y e a r . A large portion of the June id len ess was accounted for by stoppages in the construction tra d e s. The second quarter of the year was highest in a ll three m ea su res of strike a c tivity— strik e s, w ork ers involved, and m a n days of id le n e ss. It accounted for a third of the y e a r’ s stoppages and tw o-fifth s of the y e a r’ s id le n e ss. Eight of the 10 m ajor strikes that took place in this quarter in volved construction w ork ers and 5 of these lasted m ore than a month. Third quarter strikes and id len ess accounted for 28 percent of the y e a r ’ s strikes and 30 percent of m a n -d a y s id le . Four large construction strikes that began in the second quarter carried over into this period. A ll 5 large stoppages that began in this period lasted le s s than a half month. The number of strikes and w orkers involved reached low est le v e ls in the fourth quarter, but m a n -d ays idle in this period exceeded id len ess in the fir s t quarter. Six large strikes occu rred in this quarter and one of these, the strike involving 30, 000 w ork ers in the tin can and paperboard con tainer ind ustries, continued into the fir s t half of January 1954. The 5 4 -d a y North A m e r ican Aviation stoppage was the longest m ajor strike during this p eriod . The other la rg e strikes were le s s than half a month long. Notable stoppages involving le s s than 10,000 w ork ers included that of Railway E x p re ss em p loy ees, and a strike of em ployees of Pittsburgh departm ent and furniture sto re s and package d elivery se rv ice s which began in N ovem ber and continued into 1954. M ajor Issu es About th ree-fo u rth s of the y e a r’ s strike idlen ess was caused by disputes over w ages a n d /o r other m onetary m atters (table 4 ). A s in m ost recent y e a r s , many of the disputes were re so lve d by ’’package" se ttle m ents involving in cre a ses in wages and changes in vacations, holiday, pension, in surance, or other b e n e fits.* Am ong the significant stoppages involving wages alone or in combination with fringe benefits w ere 10 in the construction industry; 2 telephone strik e s; the strike at North A m erica n A v ia tion, In c.; the 11-d a y stoppage that suspended publication of 6 m a jo r New Y ork City n ew s p a p ers; and a strike at A m erica n Can C o. , and Continental Can C o. , which began in D ecem ber but continued into the fir s t half of January 1954. Disputes over other working con ditions, such as job security, shop condi tions and p o lic ie s , and w orkloads, accounted for a fifth of the y e a r’ s stoppages and a fourth of the number of w ork ers id le. Con cern over job security by m em b e rs of the United H atters, Cap and M illin ery W orkers 5 M o n e t a r y i s s u e s c o m b in e d w it h u n io n c u r it y a c c o u n te d f o r a n o th e r 4 p e r c e n t o f th e m a n d a y s id le — l e s s th a n in o t h e r p o s t w a r y e a r s . In 1952 s to p p a g e s o v e r th e s e is s u e r c o m b in e d a c co u n te d f o r n e a r ly h a lf o f a ll m a n -d a y s b e c a u s e t h e y in c lu d e d th e n a t io n w id e s t e e l s t r ik e . ^ M o s t o f th e d is p u t e s in v o lv in g c h a n g e s in s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f it s th a t w e r e u n a c c o m p a n ie d b y e ffo r t s to ch a n g e w a g e r a t e s a r e g r o u p e d a s " o t h e r w a g e s , h o u r s , a n d fr in g e b e n e fit s " o n ta b le 4. A m on g th e se is s u e s w e re r e tr o a c tiv ity o f p a y , h o lid a y s , o r v a c a t io n s . In a d d it io n a b o u t a t h ir d o f t h e s t o p p a g e s in t h i s " o t h e r " g r o u p w e r e o v e r p i e c e r a t e s o r in c e n tiv e s ta n d a r d s . se 4 (AFL.) was at issu e in a long strike in sup port of their demand for renewal of a con tract clause prohibiting further d iversion of work fro m Norwalk, Conn. , plants of the Hat Corporation of A m eric a to other a r e a s .7 The strike began in July and was still in effect at the end of the y ea r. Union security issu e s alone w ere dominant in about a tenth of the strikes in 1953, involving le s s than 5 percent of both the w ork ers involved and of the total id le n ess. M ost of the stoppages in this group involved attem pts to gain union recognition and initial contracts fro m e m p lo y e rs. Out standing among these w ere the lengthy strike involving em ployees of C alcasieu Paper C o. and Southern Industries, I n c ., in Elizabeth, L a . , which began in September 1952, and the 2 8 -d a y stoppage of Louisiana sugar cane field w o rk ers. Both of these stoppages failed to gain union recognition. The paper strike was accom panied by violen ce, including dynam iting. Stoppages involving work ju r is d ic tion, union rivalry, and sympathetic actions accounted for a relatively sm all proportion of the year*s strike activity— about 5 p e r cent of both strikes and w orkers and le s s than 3 percent of total id len ess. Duration of stoppages varied a c cording to the m ajor issu e s involved. Strikes caused by combined wage and union organi zation disputes were longest, averaging 29.1 calendar days in 1953, com pared with 37.9 days in 1952 and 3 0 .2 days in 1951. Work stoppages over working conditions such as job secu rity, workload, and shop conditions and p o lic ie s were shortest, averaging 9 .1 calendar days, com pared with about 8 days in both 1952 and 1951. Within this range, stoppages caused by disputes over wages and related m atters alone averaged 2 0 .6 calendar days; union organization issu e s alone, 1 9 .8 days; and inter or intraunion m a tte rs, 1 3 .3 calendar days. Industry Groups A ffected Construction was the only industry group in which id len ess exceeded 1 percent of total tim e worked during 1953. The 7 T h e c o m p a n y o f fe r e d to s ig n a c o n t r a c tu a l p l e d g e t o g i v e 6 m o n t h ’ s n o t i c e o f in t e n t t o m o v e , b u t c h a l l e n g e d t h e l e g a l r ig h t o f th e u n io n t o s t r i k e in o r d e r to f o r c e a b a n on d iv e r t in g w o r k f r o m o n e a r e a t o a n o t h e r . In o r d e r t o p a y b e n e f i t s t o t h e s t r i k e r s th e u n io n s o l d b o n d s t o i t s m e m b e r s h ip t o b e r e p a i d b y a s p e c i a l a s s e s s m e n t . It a l s o r e c e i v e d f i n a n c i a l h e lp f r o m th e A F L . B e f o r e th e e n d o f 195 3 it w a s r e p o r t e d th a t m o r e th a n a m i l l i o n d o l l a r s h a d b e e n p a i d o u t in s t r ik e for b eFRASER n e fits . Digitized 8 . 0 0 0 . 000 m an -days idle in this industry was greater than in any other industry group. About half of this idlen ess resulted fro m the 10 stoppages involving 1 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore w o rk ers. This industry a lso experienced a record number of stoppages— 1,039 as co m pared with the previous peak of 794 in 1952 (table 5). In contrast to 1952 when idleness in each of 13 industry groups exceeded 1 .000. 000 m a n -d a y s, such id len ess was found in only 9 groups in 1953. M ore than 2,000,000 m an -days of idleness w ere recorded in each of 3 industry groups in addition to con stru c tion: M achinery (except e le c tric a l); tran sp o r tation equipment; and transportation, c o m munication, and public u tilities. In the fir s t two of these groups id len ess amounted to about o n e-h alf of 1 percent of total tim e worked and in the third to about one-fifth of 1 percent of total tim e worked. Idleness of m ore than 1,000,000 but le s s than 2,000,000 m an -d ays occurred in fabricated m etal prod u cts; e le c tric a l machineTy, equipment and supplies; p rim a ry m e ta ls; food and kindred products; and trad e. Idleness in the mining industry was low er than in any year since 1942. The 850, 000 m a n -d a y s of idleness was about a fifth of the 1952 total. A total of 460 mining stoppages was record ed , a drop fro m the 650 in 1952. Other industries that had fewer disputes in 1953 than in 1952 included o rd nance and a c c e s s o r ie s ; m achinery (except e le c tric a l); transportation equipment; lu m ber and wood products; stone, clay, and g la ss products; textile m ill products; ap parel and other finished products; leather and leather products; paper and allied p rod u cts; rubber products; transportation, c o m munication, and other public u tilities. Stoppages by State M ore than a m illion m an -d ays of idlen ess were recorded in each of 9 indus tria lize d States, as com pared with 15 in 1952. The la rg e st was the 3, 070, 000 m an days in New Y ork, followed by 2 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0 in Pennsylvania, 2 ,9 6 0 ,0 0 0 in C aliforn ia, 2 ,4 5 0 ,0 0 0 in M ichigan, and 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 in Ohio. A ll of these figures represent s ig nificant d e c rea se s fro m 1952; the la rg est d eclin es, how ever, occurred in P en n syl vania and Ohio. C om pared with 1 1 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s of idlen ess recorded for Penn sylvania industries in 1952, the 1953 total represented a decline of about 75 percen t. Ohio, where steel and coal are also im portant, had 7 ,2 6 0 , 000 m a n -d a y s of id len ess in 1952 and only 2, 390 , 000 in 1953 (table 6 ). 5 Pennsylvania recorded the la rg est number of stoppages in 1953 as in 1952— 632 com pared with 692. There w ere 585 stop pages in New Y ork com pared with 600 in 1952; and 518 in Ohio com pared with 444 in 1952. Ten or m ore stoppages were recorded in all States except South Dakota and V e r mont in which 3 and 8 stoppages occurred , resp ectiv ely . Stoppages by M etropolitan A rea Five or m ore work stoppages o cc u r red in each of 135 m etropolitan a rea s in 1953 (table 7 ). These a re a s accounted for about th ree-fo u rth s of a ll strik es, w ork ers involved, and m an -days of idleness in the country. Leading industrialized centers gen e ra lly experienced the greatest number of strik e s. Eight m etropolitan a rea s had m ore than 100 work stoppages each; New Y o r k N ortheastern New Jersey (586), D etroit (198), Philadelphia (164), Pittsburgh (137), Chicago (126), L os A n g eles (122), St. L o u is-E a st St. Louis (115), and Youngstown (110). The three a rea s with the m ost strikes were the only ones to experience m ore than a m illion m an-days of idlen ess in 1953; by contrast, in 1952, 12 a rea s each recorded m ore than a m illion days of id le n ess. D etroit had the highest number of w orkers involved (248, 000). Unions Involved M ore than half (56 percent) of the stoppages, accounting for about 44 percent of the w ork ers and 52 percent of the m a n days of id le n e ss, involved a ffiliates of the A F L (table 8). Of this id len ess about onehalf was attributable to stoppages in the con struction industry. CIO a ffiliates accounted for a quarter of the str ik e s. T hese involved 38 percent of all w orkers and 34 percent of the y e a r rs id le n e ss. U naffiliated unions accounted for about 15 percent of the strikes and the w orkers affected, but only 8 p e r cent of the id le n e ss. Size of Work Stoppages M ost work stoppages involve r e la tively few w orkers who are em ployed in one establishm ent. A lm o st half the stoppages in 1953 involved few er than 100 w ork ers each and over fo u r-fifth s affected le s s than 500 w ork ers (table 9). About 3 out of 4 stoppages in 1953 occurred in a single plant or establishm ent (table 10). T hese disputes accounted for alm ost half of a ll w ork ers (4 6 .5 percent) and about a third of a ll id le n e ss. In con tra st, although le s s than 1 stoppage in 10 was widespread (involving 11 establishm ents or m ore) these stoppages w ere respon sible for a lm ost a third of the w ork ers involved and tw o-fifth s of the id le n e ss. Duration of Stoppages A s in e a rlie r y e a r s , m ost stoppages (over 60 percent) lasted le s s than 15 cale n dar days although the average strike was somewhat longer in 1953 than in the 2 p r e ceding y e a r s . The average length in 1953 was 2 0 .3 calendar days com pared with 1 9 .6 days in 1952 and 1 7 .4 days in 1951. In 1953 about 42 percent of the stoppages continued for le s s than a week com pared with 46 p e r cent in 1952 (table 12). T his group accounted for 45 percent of the w orkers involved, but only 9 percent of the total m an -days of id le n e s s . About one-fifth of the stoppages lasted a month or m o re . These accounted for 22 percent of the w orkers and 66 percent of the total id le n e ss. There was apparently no tendency for the la rg e r strikes to be either shorter or longer than those involving r elatively few worker s . Methods of Term inating Stoppages A s in previous y e a r s , about half of the stoppages ending in 19£3 were term inated through direct negotiations between e m p loyers and em ployees or their rep resen ta tives (table 13). These directly negotiated settlem ents accounted for 41 percent of the w orkers and about a quarter of the total m an -d ays of id le n e ss. 6 Government m ediation and con cilia tion agencies a ssiste d in term inating about a third of the stoppages in 1953 as in 1952, com pared with about a fourth of the strikes in 1950 and 1951. T hese were generally the la rg er stoppages so they accounted for about 45 percent of the w ork ers and 69 p e r cent of the id le n e ss. N early a sixth (15 percen t) of the stoppages, involving 12 percen t of the w ork e r s and 6 percent of the id le n e ss, ended without form al settlem ent, i. e . , neither settlem ent of the issu e s nor agreem ent to negotiate after work was resum ed. T his group includes s o -c a lle d Mlo s tM strik e s, with w ork ers returning to their jo b s because their cause appeared ho p eless or em p loyers hired new w orkers to replace striking em p loy ees. E stablish m ents involved in 1 percent of the strikes reported the discontinuance of b u sin e ss. D isposition of Issu e s The is s u e s in dispute were settled or disposed of when the strike was t e r m inated in 82 percent of the strikes in volving about 75 percent of the w orkers (table 14). In m ost of the c a se s in which som e issu e s rem ained to be settled after return, they w ere to be settled by direct negotiations between the em p loyers and the unions. O thers w ere to be settled with the aid of Government a g en cies, by arbitration, or by re fe r r a l to a Governm ent agency for decision or election. 7 T A B L E 1 .— W ork sto p p a g e s in the United S ta tes, W ork N um ber b e g in n in g in y e a r Y ear 19 2 7 1928 1929 1930 1 93 1 ______________________ _ _ ___ __________ .............................................. _ . _ _ _ ___ _ __________ 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 stop p a g es ............... A v era ge d u r a tio n stop p a g es e n d in g in y e a r (c a le n d a r d a y s )2 W o r k e r s i n v o l v e d in s t o p p a g e s b e g in n in g in y e a r 3 N um ber (th o u s a n d s ) P ercen t o f tota l e m p lo y e d 4 1927 -53 1 M a n -d a y s N um ber (th o u s a n d s ) id le (a ll sto p p a g e s) P ercen t o f e s t im a t e d w o r k in g t im e o f a ll w ork ers 5 Per w ork er in v o lv e d 707 604 921 637 810 2 6 .5 2 7 .6 2 2 .6 2 2 .3 1 8 .8 330 314 289 183 342 1 .4 1 .3 1 .2 .8 1 .6 2 6 ,2 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 5 , 350 3 , 320 6 ,8 9 0 0 . 37 . 17 .0 7 .0 5 .1 1 7 9 .5 4 0 .2 1 8 .5 1 8 .1 2 0 .2 841 1 ,6 9 5 1, 8 5 6 2 ,0 1 4 2 , 172 1 9 .6 1 6 .9 1 9 .5 2 3 .8 2 3 .3 324 1 , 17 0 1 ,4 7 0 1, 120 789 1 .8 6 .3 7 .2 5 .2 3. 1 1 0 ,5 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 9 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,5 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 .2 3 . 36 . 38 .2 9 .2 1 3 2 .4 1 4 .4 1 3 .4 1 3 .8 1 7 .6 19 3 7 1938 1939 1940 1941 _______________________ ____ _ _____________________ ___ _ _ _ _________________________ 4 ,7 4 0 2 ,7 7 2 2 ,6 1 3 2 , 508 4 ,2 8 8 2 0 .3 2 3 .6 2 3 .4 2 0 .9 1 8 .3 1 ,8 6 0 688 1 , 17 0 577 2 ,3 6 0 7 .2 2 .8 4 .7 2 .3 8 .4 2 8 ,4 0 0 9 ,1 5 0 1 7 ,8 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 .4 3 . 15 .2 8 . 10 .3 2 1 5 .3 1 3 .3 1 5 .2 1 1 .6 9 .8 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 ________________________ _____________ _____________ _ _ __ 2 ,9 6 8 3 , 7 52 4 ,9 5 6 4 ,7 5 0 4 ,9 8 5 1 1 .7 5 .0 5 .6 9 .9 2 4 .2 840 1 ,9 8 0 2 , 12 0 3 ,4 7 0 4 ,6 0 0 2 .8 6 .9 7 .0 1 2 .2 14. 5 4 , 180 1 3 ,5 0 0 8 ,7 2 0 3 8 ,0 0 0 1 1 6 ,0 0 0 .0 5 . 15 .0 9 .4 7 1 .4 3 5 .0 6 .8 4. 1 1 1 .0 2 5 .2 1 9 4 7 ____ __ ..... 1 9 4 8 _________________ 1 9 4 9 _________________ ________ 1 9 5 0 6 _________________________ 1 95 1 3 ,6 9 3 3 ,4 1 9 3 ,6 0 6 4 ,8 4 3 4 ,7 3 7 2 5 .6 2 1 .8 2 2 .5 1 9 .2 1 7 .4 2 , 17 0 1 ,9 6 0 3 ,0 3 0 2 ,4 1 0 2 ,2 2 0 6 .5 5 .5 9 .0 6 .9 5 .5 3 4 ,6 0 0 3 4 ,1 0 0 5 0 ,5 0 0 3 8 ,8 0 0 2 2 ,9 0 0 .4 1 .3 7 .5 9 .4 4 .2 3 1 5 .9 1 7 .4 1 6 .7 1 6 .1 1 0 .3 1 9 5 2 _________________________ 1 9 5 3 7 _______ 1954 1 9 5 5 __ 1 9 5 6 ... ____ _ _ 5 , 117 5 ,0 9 1 1 9 .6 2 0 .3 3, 540 2 ,4 0 0 8 .8 5 .6 5 9 ,1 0 0 2 8 ,3 0 0 .5 7 .2 6 1 6 .7 1 1 .8 ____________________ 1957 1958 ______________ . ___ 1959 1960 .............................................. _________________________ 1 A v a ila b le in fo r m a t io n f o r e a r l i e r p e r i o d s i s c o n ta in e d in B L S B u lle tin N o . 1 0 1 6 , H a n d b o o k o f L a b o r S ta t i s t i c s , T a b le E 2 . 2 F i g u r e s a r e s i m p le a v e r a g e s ; e a c h s t o p p a g e i s g iv e n e q u a l w e ig h t r e g a r d l e s s o f it s s i z e . 3 W o r k e r s a r e c o u n t e d m o r e t h a n o n c e in t h e s e f i g u r e s i f t h e y w e r e i n v o l v e d i n m o r e t h a n 1 s t o p p a g e d u r in g th e y e a r . T h u s in 1949 3 6 5 ,0 0 0 t o 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 c o a l m in e r s w e r e ou t on 3 d i s t in c t o c c a s i o n s , a c c o u n t in g f o r 1 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 o f a to ta l o f 3 ,0 3 0 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s . 4 " T o t a l e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s " f o r 1 9 2 7 -5 0 r e f e r s to a ll w o r k e r s e x c e p t t h o s e in o c c u p a t io n s a n d p r o f e s s i o n s in w h ic h t h e r e i s lit t l e i f a n y u n io n o r g a n i z a t io n o r in w h ic h s t o p p a g e s r a r e l y i f e v e r o c c u r . In m o s t in d u s t r ie s , it i n c lu d e s a ll w a g e a n d s a l a r y w o r k e r s e x c e p t t h o s e in e x e c u t i v e , m a n a g e r i a l , o r h ig h s u p e r v i s o r y p o s i t i o n s , o r t h o s e p e r f o r m i n g p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r k th e n a tu r e o f w h ic h m a k e s u n io n o r g a n iz a t io n o r g r o u p a c t io n u n lik e ly . It e x c lu d e s a ll s e l f - e m p lo y e d , d o m e s t ic w o r k e r s , w o r k e r s o n f a r m s e m p lo y in g f e w e r th a n 6 p e r s o n s , a ll F e d e r a l a n d S ta te G o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y e e s , a n d o f f i c i a l s , b o th e l e c t e d a n d a p p o in t e d , in l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s . In 1 9 5 1 , t h e c o n c e p t o f " t o t a l e m p l o y e d w o r k e r s " w a s c h a n g e d t o c o i n c i d e w it h t h e B u r e a u 's fig u r e s f o r n o n a g r ic u lt u r a l e m p lo y m e n t , e x c lu d in g G o v e r n m e n t bu t in c lu d in g w o r k e r s in a ll o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s . T ests sh o w th a t th e p e r c e n t a g e o f t o t a l id le n e s s c o m p u t e d o n th e b a s i s o f t h e s e n e w f i g u r e s u s u a lly d i f f e r s b y l e s s th an V10 o f a p o i n t w h i l e t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f w o r k e r s i d l e d i f f e r s b y a b o u t 0 . 5 o r 0 . 6 o f a p o i n t . F o r e x a m p le , th e p e r c e n t a g e o f w o r k e r s i d l e d u r i n g 1 9 5 0 c o m p u t e d o n t h e s a m e b a s e a s th e f i g u r e s f o r e a r l i e r y e a r s i s 6 . 9 a n d th e p e r c e n t o f i d le n e s s i s 0 . 4 4 c o m p a r e d w it h 6 . 3 a n d 0 . 4 r e s p e c t i v e l y , c o m p u t e d o n th e n e w b a s e . 5 F or each y e a r, " e s t im a t e d w o r k in g t im e " w a s c o m p u t e d f o r p u r p o s e s o f t h is t a b le b y m u lt ip ly in g th e a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s (s e e fo o tn o te 4 ) b y th e n u m b e r o f d a y s w o r k e d b y m o s t e m p l o y e e s . T h is n u m b e r e x c lu d e s S a tu rd a y s w h en c u s t o m a r ily n ot w o r k e d , S u n d a y s, an d e s t a b lis h e d h o lid a y s . 6 B e g in n in g in m i d - 1 9 5 0 , a n e w s o u r c e o f s t r ik e " l e a d s " w a s a d d e d t h r o u g h a c o o p e r a t i v e a r r a n g e m e n t w it h t h e B u r e a u o f E m p l o y m e n t S e c u r i t y o f t h e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r b y w h i c h l o c a l o f f i c e s o f S t a t e e m p l o y m e n t s e c u r it y a g e n c i e s s u p p ly m o n t h ly r e p o r t s o f w o r k s t o p p a g e s c o m in g to t h e ir a t t e n t io n . It i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t t h i s i n c r e a s e d t h e n u m b e r o f s t r i k e s r e p o r t e d in 1 9 5 0 b y p e r h a p s 5 p e r c e n t a n d in 1 9 5 1 a n d 1 9 5 2 b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 10 p e r c e n t . H o w e v e r , s in c e m o s t o f th e a d d e d s t o p p a g e s w e r e s m a ll, th e y i n c r e a s e d th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s in v o l v e d a n d m a n - d a y s o f i d l e n e s s b y l e s s t h a n 2 p e r c e n t in 1 9 5 0 a n d b y l e s s t h a n 3 p e r c e n t i n 1 9 5 1 a n d 1 9 5 2 . T e s t s o f th e e f f e c t o f t h is a d d e d s o u r c e o f in fo r m a t io n h a v e n o t b e e n m a d e s in c e 1 9 5 2 . 7 T h e t o t a l o f 5 , 0 9 1 s t r i k e s d o e s n o t i n c l u d e 23 s m a l l w o r k s t o p p a g e s f o r w h i c h t h e B u r e a u w a s u n a b le t o s e for c u r FRASER e in fo r m a t io n f r o m th e p a r t i e s th a t a n a c t u a l w o r k s t o p p a g e o c c u r r e d . Digitized 8 T A B L E 2 .— W ork stop p ag es in v olv in g 10,000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , s e le c te d p e r io d s S to p p a g e s in v o lv in g 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s P e r io d N um ber 1 9 3 5 - 3 9 a v e r a g e ----------------------------------------- — 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 a v e r a g e ------- ------------------------ ------------1 9 4 5 ---------- -----------------------------------— ---------------............ ............. .................. 1946 1947 ...................................................................-----1 9 4 8 - --------------------------------------------------- -------------------1 9 4 9 ---------------- -----------------------------------------------------1 9 5 0 .................................................................- ................ 1 9 5 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------1952.................................................................. 1 9 5 3 ............................................ - ............................. - 1 P ercen t o f tota l fo r p e r io d W o r k e r s in v o lv e d 1 N um ber (th o u sa n d s) 0 .4 .5 .9 o6 o4 . 6 . 5 .5 .4 ,7 . 5 11 18 42 31 15 20 18 22 19 35 28 M a n -d a y s id le P e rce n t of tota l fo r p e r io d 365 1 ,2 7 0 1, 3 5 0 2, 920 1, 0 3 0 870 1 ,9 2 0 738 457 1, 6 9 0 650 { N um ber th ou sa n d s) P ercen t of tota l fo r p e r io d 5 ,2 9 0 2 3 , 800 1 9 ,3 0 0 6 6 ,4 0 0 1 7 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 3 4 ,9 0 0 2 1 , 700 5 , 680 3 6 ,9 0 0 7 ,2 7 0 3 1 .2 5 9 .9 5 0 .7 5 7 .2 5 1 .2 5 5 .3 6 9 .0 5 6 .0 24. 8 6 2 .6 2 5 .7 3 2 .4 5 3 .4 3 8 .9 63. 6 4 7 .5 4 4 .5 6 3 .2 3 0 .7 20. 6 47. 8 27. 1 S e e f o o t n o t e 3 , t a b l e 1. T A B L E 3 . — M o n t h l y t r e n d s in w o r k s t o p p a g e s , N u m ber o f stop p a g es 1 9 5 2 -5 3 W o r k e r s i n v o l v e d in s t o p p a g e s In e f f e c t d u r i n g m o n t h M on th B e g in n in g in m on th In e f f e c t d u r in g m on th 438 403 438 529 518 435 433 494 522 459 269 179 568 585 614 756 800 719 694 786 828 768 535 341 327 457 560 596 567 534 484 420 379 281 14 5 492 489 639 798 869 875 841 763 72 1 658 502 354 B e g in n in g in m o n t h (th o u s a n d s ) N um ber (th o u s a n d s ) M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g m o n th P ercen t of e s t im a t e d P ercen t N um ber w o r k in g o f tota l (th o u s a n d s ) t im e o f a ll e m p lo y e d 1 w ork ers 2 1952 J a n u a r y --------------- ------------------------------------------------F e b r u a r y —-----------------------------------------------------------M a r c h ------------------ ------------ —--------------------------------A p r i l ------------------ --------------------- ------------------------------M a y ----------------------------------- -------------------------------—— J u n e ------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------J u l y -------------------------------- -- ------------ --------------- --------A u g u s t 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------S e p t e m b e r ' ....... . — ............- ....... .............. - ■ -------O c t o b e r ------------------ ------------ ------------------ — ---------N o v e m b e r ---------------------------------------------- --------------D e c e m b e r ----------------------------------- ------------------- — 369 212 190 303 1 ,0 4 0 363 201 166 228 250 450 99 34 251 258 359 1, 170 1 ,2 0 0 990 866 380 378 584 215 82 0 . 64 .6 5 .9 1 2 .9 4 3 . 02 2 .4 9 2 .2 0 .9 4 .9 2 1 .4 2 . 52 .2 0 1 ,3 4 0 1 ,3 7 0 1 ,6 1 0 5 ,3 7 0 8 ,0 2 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,8 1 0 3 , 390 5 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 6 0 854 0 . 15 . 17 . 19 . 61 .9 6 1 .8 0 1 .4 6 .3 3 .3 9 .5 3 .2 0 189 131 196 312 313 258 293 238 223 193 237 413 406 448 491 393 211 240 175 173 . 53 . 46 .5 9 .9 8 .9 6 1 .0 5 1 0 19 .9 1 .4 9 .5 6 .4 1 .4 1 1 ,3 6 0 1 , 100 1 ,2 6 0 2 , 690 3 ,7 7 0 4 ,5 3 0 3 ,8 8 0 2 ,8 8 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,6 5 0 1 ,5 7 0 1 ,8 8 0 . 16 .1 3 . 14 .2 9 .4 2 .4 8 .3 9 .3 2 .0 9 1953 J a n u a r y -------------------------------- --------------------------- — F e b r u a r y —--------------- --------------------------------------- — M a r c h — ----------------------------------------------------- ------~ A p r i l --------------------- --------------- — ---------------------------M a y ------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------J u n e ----------------------------------------------------------------- — J u l y -----------------------------------------------------------------------A u g u s t —--------------------- ------- --------------------- ------------S e p t e m b e r --------------------- -------------------- -----------------O c t o b e r -------------------------- -------------------------------------N o v e m b e r — ------------------ ------------------------------------D e c e m b e r — ------------------ ----------—--------- ------------- - 11 9 175 100 76 S e e f o o t n o t e 4 , t a b l e 1. S e e f o o t n o t e 5 , t a b l e 1. T h e s e f i g u r e s d o n o t i n c l u d e t h e " m e m o r i a l " s t o p p a g e i n c o a l m in in g , . 19 . 17 . 18 .2 0 9 T A B L E 4 . — M a j o r i s s u e s i n v o l v e d in w o r k s t o p p a g e s , 1953 W o r k s t o p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1953 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d M a jo r is s u e s N um ber A ll is s u e s --------------------- — -------------------------------- 5 ,0 9 1 P ercen t of tota l 1 N um ber 1 1 0 0 .0 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 P ercen t of tota l 1 M a n -cL l y s id le g 1953 (a ll stc> p p ages) N um ber 1 1 0 0 .0 2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 P ercen t of to ta l1 1 0 0 .0 a n d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s 2 ----- 2 , 825 5 5 .5 1 ,4 6 0 , 000 6 0 .8 2 1 , 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 77. 1 W a g e i n c r e a s e --------------------------------- ------— W age d e cre a s e ----------------------------------------W a g e i n c r e a s e , h o u r d e c r e a s e ---------W age in c r e a s e , p e n s io n a n d / o r s o c i a l i n s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s ----- -----------P e n s io n a n d /o r s o c ia l in s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s ------- --------------------------------— --------O t h e r 3 ............................. - - 1, 7 9 8 23 89 35. 3 .5 1 .7 8 3 6 ,0 0 0 9 ,2 5 0 7 8 ,2 0 0 3 4 .8 .4 3 .3 1 4 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 3 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 6 0 ,0 0 0 5 1 .5 .5 3 .7 277 5 .4 1 7 7 ,0 0 0 7 .4 2 ,5 4 0 ,0 0 0 9 .0 48 590 .9 11. 6 5 2 ,6 0 0 3 0 7 ,0 0 0 2 .2 12. 8 2 3 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 8 0 ,0 0 0 .8 1 1 .6 202 4. 0 4 5 ,2 0 0 1 .9 1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 .4 119 2. 3 1 2 ,0 0 0 .5 3 1 7 ,0 0 0 1. 1 26 .5 1 7 ,1 0 0 . 7 5 0 5 ,0 0 0 1 .8 57 1. 1 1 6 ,1 0 0 . 7 4 2 4 ,0 0 0 1 .5 4 .9 9 3 5 ,0 0 0 3 .3 1. 3 .3 . 7 1 .8 .3 .7 W ages, h ou rs, U n io n o r g a n i z a t i o n w a g e s , h o u r s , a n d f r i n g e b e n e f i t s 2 ----------------------------------R e c o g n i t i o n , w a g e s a n d / o r h o u r s -----S tr e n g th e n in g b a r g a in in g p o s i t io n , w a g e s a n d / o r h o u r s ------— ------------------C lo s e d o r u n io n s h o p , w a g e s a n d / o r h o u r s -------------------------------------- ------ U n io n o r g a n i z a t i o n -------------- ------------------ ------- 543 R e c o g n i t i o n ----- ----------------------------------------— S t r e n g t h e n i n g b a r g a i n i n g p o s i t i o n -----C l o s e d o r u n i o n s h o p --------------------- — — D i s c r i m i n a t i o n --------------------------- —---------O t h e r ----------------------------------- ------------------ —— - 361 38 89 10 45 O t h e r w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s ------------------------ — 1 0 .7 7. 1 .7 1. 7 .2 .9 1 1 7 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,5 0 0 6, 500 16, 700 920 6 2 ,5 0 0 (4 ) 2. 6 5 2 0 ,0 0 0 9 0 ,1 0 0 1 9 5 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 1 2 0 ,0 0 0 (4 ) .4 1, 135 2 2 .3 6 3 8 ,0 0 0 2 6 .6 3 , 5 6 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 .6 502 540 77 16 9 .9 10. 6 1 .5 . 3 2 3 5 ,0 0 0 3 2 6 ,0 0 0 5 3 , 500 2 3 ,6 0 0 9 .8 13. 6 2 .2 1 .0 1, 7 3 0 , 0 0 0 1, 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 4 9 3 ,0 0 0 3 5 ,8 0 0 6. 1 4 .6 1 .7 . 1 ------------ 275 5 .4 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 5 .4 6 8 4 ,0 0 0 2 .4 S y m p a t h y ---------------- ------------ -----------------------U n io n r i v a l r y o r f a c t i o n a l i s m 6 ---------J u r i s d i c t i o n ------------------ -----------------------------U n io n r e g u l a t i o n s -----------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------- 64 49 158 3 1 1. 1. 3. . . 8 2. 1 2 .4 (4 ) . 1 1 0 7 ,0 0 0 2 3 4 ,0 0 0 3 2 7 ,0 0 0 1 1 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 .4 .8 1 .2 (4) 1 9 ,7 0 0 5 0 ,8 0 0 5 6 , 600 900 1, 5 0 0 N o t r e p o r t e d --------------------- -------------------------------- 111 2 .2 1 3 ,2 0 0 . 6 4 5 ,9 0 0 .2 J o b s e c u r i t y ----- ----------------------------------------S h o p c o n d i t i o n s a n d p o l i c i e s -------------------- W o r k lo a d - - - - - O t h e r 5 ----------------------------------------------- ------------ In te r u n io n o r in t r a u n io n m a t t e r s 3 0 1 1 (4 ) (4) 1 T h e s u m o f th e in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l th e t o t a ls f o r th e g r o u p b e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g th e in d iv id u a l f i g u r e s in t h i s a n d s u b s e q u e n t t a b l e s . 2 " F r i n g e b e n e f i t s " h a s b e e n a d d e d to th e t it le o n ly to in d ic a te in c lu s i o n o f n o n w a g e b e n e f i t s . T h ere has been n o c h a n g e f r o m p r e v i o u s y e a r s in d e f in it io n o r c o n t e n t o f t h e s e g r o u p s . 3 I n c l u d e s s t o p p a g e s i n w h i c h th e m a j o r i s s u e w a s r e t r o a c t i v i t y , h o l i d a y s , v a c a t i o n s , j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , p i e c e w o r k r a t e s ,a n d r e la t e d m a t t e r s . 4 L e s s th an a te n th o f 1 p e r c e n t . 5 T h is g r o u p i n c l u d e s p r o t e s t s t r i k e s a g a i n s t a c t i o n , o r l a c k o f a c t i o n , b y G o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s . 6 T h is g r o u p i n c l u d e s t h e 5 - d a y s t r i k e i n v o l v i n g 3 0 , 0 0 0 l o n g s h o r e m e n o n t h e E a s t C o a s t in O c t o b e r . A l t h o u g h t h e r e w e r e o t h e r i s s u e s i n v o l v e d in t h i s d i s p u t e , t h e o u t s t a n d i n g i s s u e w a s t h e r i v a l r y b e t w e e n th e I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n 's A s s o c i a t i o n (I n d . ) a n d t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n 's A s s o c i a t i o n ( A F L ) . 10 T A B L E 50— W ork stopp ag es b y in d u stry g rou p , 1953 S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 In d u stry g rou p A l l i n d u s t r i e s ------------------------------------------------- — ------------------------ M A N U F A C T U R IN G P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s -----------------------------------------------------F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ) ----------------O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s -----------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u i p m e n t , a n d s u p p l i e s —-----M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------------- —--------- — ------- -----T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ------------F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s --------------------— -------------------------------- — S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ---------------- ------------ -------------T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------------------------------- -----A p p a r e l an d o th e r fin is h e d p r o d u c t s m a d e f r o m f a b r i c s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s — -------------------------------------L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------------F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------------------------T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ------------------------------ —---------------------------P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s — ---------------------------------------------- — P r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , a n d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s -------------------C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o l e u m a n d c o a l ------------------------------------------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------- ------------------ -------------------P r o fe s s io n a l, s c ie n t ific , and c o n t r o llin g in s t r u m e n ts ; p h o t o g r a p h ic a n d o p t ic a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ----------------------------- ----------------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s -------------------------- N ON M A N U F A C T U R IN G _ A g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , a n d f i s h i n g ------------------------------------M i n i n g ------------------------ --------------------------------- ----------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------T r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e --------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s --------------------- --------------- --------------------------------------S e r v i c e s — p e r s o n a l , b u s i n e s s , a n d o t h e r ----------------------G o v e rn m e n t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c tio n , a n d s a n i t a t i o n 5 -------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------- h ia n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1953 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) P ercen t of e s t im a t e d N um ber w o r k in g tim e o f a ll w o r k e r s 23 N um ber W ork ers in v o lv e d 1 5 ,0 9 1 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 0.26 3 2 ,6 1 2 1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .3 6 312 202,000 1 ,5 1 0 ,0 0 0 .4 5 291 23 137 286 179 125 134 128 88 102,000 2 1 ,4 0 0 76 , 600 1 2 6 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 19,800 2 5 ,1 0 0 1 9 ,4 0 0 26,600 1 , 690,000 1 6 4 ,0 0 0 1 , 6 2 0 , 000 2 , 150, 000 2 ,7 3 0 ,0 0 0 5 1 2 ,0 0 0 2 6 9 , 000 3 1 6 ,0 0 0 5 9 3 ,0 0 0 .5 7 .3 2 .5 3 .5 0 .5 5 .2 6 .2 8 .2 3 . 19 193 48 213 4 45 44 107 19 102 3 5 , 600 11,900 9 8 ,4 0 0 480 1 5 ,4 0 0 2 1 ,3 0 0 3 6 ,5 0 0 2 , 610 1 4 1 ,0 0 0 2 9 6 , 000 99,10 0 1 , 210,000 2 0 ,8 0 0 222,000 2 4 5 ,0 0 0 8 2 5 ,0 0 0 1 0 5 ,0 0 0 4 9 3 ,0 0 0 .0 9 . 10 .3 0 .0 8 . 16 . 12 .4 3 . 16 .7 1 41 105 1 1 ,4 0 0 21,000 2 4 6 ,0 0 0 2 8 0 ,0 0 0 .2 9 .22 3 2 , 479 1 ,0 9 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 . 19 14 460 1, 0 3 9 408 13 8 , 140 1 5 6 ,0 0 0 5 7 4 ,0 0 0 7 1 ,2 0 0 950 1 1 3 ,0 0 0 8 4 6 ,0 0 0 8, 000,000 1 ,0 5 0 , 000 2 1 , 600 (4) .4 0 1.22 .0 4 372 145 2 5 6 , 000 14 , 4 0 0 2 ,3 8 0 ,0 0 0 202,000 (4) 30 6 , 280 5 3 ,4 0 0 (4) (4) .22 1 S e e f o o t n o t e 3 , t a b l e 1. 2 S e e fo o tn o te s 4 an d 5, t a b le 1 , 3 T h e s u m o f t h e f i g u r e s in t h i s c o l u m n e x c e e d s 5 , 0 9 1 b e c a u s e a f e w s t o p p a g e s e x t e n d i n g i n t o t w o o r m o r e in d u s t r y g r o u p s h a v e b e e n c o u n t e d in th is c o lu m n in e a c h i n d u s t r y g r o u p a f f e c t e d ; w o r k e r s i n v o lv e d a n d m a n - d a y s id le w e r e d i v i d e d a m o n g th e r e s p e c t i v e g r o u p s . 4 N ot a v a ila b le . 5 M u n ic ip a lly o p e r a t e d u t i li t ie s a r e in c lu d e d u n d e r " T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s " . 11 T A B L E 6 .— W o rk stopp ages b y State, 1953 W o r k s t o p p a g e s b e g i n n i n g in 1 9 5 3 W o r k e r s i n v o l v e d 12 M a n -d a y s id le ' 19 5 3 ( a l l s to ] p p a g e s ) S tate N um ber N um ber P ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l 2 5 , 09 1 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 2 8 , 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 A l a b a m a ---------------------------A r i z o n a ------------------------------A r k a n s a s -------------------------C a l i f o r n i a ------------------------C o l o r a d o ---------------------------C o n n e c t i c u t ---------------------D e l a w a r e --------------------------- 110 13 42 269 34 86 12 3 6 ,2 0 0 2 , 130 1 1 ,7 0 0 210,000 6 ,5 5 0 2 8 ,8 0 0 8 ,4 6 0 1 .5 . 1 . 5 8. 8 .3 1.2 .4 2 8 9 ,0 0 0 4 3 ,5 0 0 1 3 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,9 6 0 ,0 0 0 69,000 52 6 , 000 3 1 6 ,0 0 0 1.0 .2 .5 1 0 .5 .2 1 .9 1. 1 D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a ----F l o r i d a ------------------------------G e o r g i a -----------------------------I l l i n o i s ------------------------------I n d ia n a ------------------------------I o w a ------------------------------------ 16 75 54 13 316 191 60 4 , 510 2 4 ,4 0 0 1 3 ,4 0 0 3 ,4 3 0 98,200 1 3 9 ,0 0 0 21,200 .2 1.0 .6 . 1 4. 1 5 .8 .9 2 3 ,9 0 0 2 1 7 ,0 0 0 120,000 20,900 1 ,4 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 4 0 ,0 0 0 3 8 7 ,0 0 0 . 1 .8 .4 . 1 5 .0 5 .5 1 .4 K a n s a s --------------------------- — K e n t u c k y ---------------------------L o u i s i a n a — ---------------------M a i n e ----------------------------------M a r y l a n d --------------------------M a s s a c h u s e t t s ---------------M i c h i g a n ----------------------------- 31 163 70 16 45 176 331 1 5 ,4 0 0 8 5 ,3 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 5 ,0 9 0 1 9 ,4 0 0 4 6 ,1 0 0 2 9 7 ,0 0 0 .6 3. 6 1.0 .2 .8 1 .9 1 2 .4 3 2 3 ,0 0 0 4 2 2 ,0 0 0 2 8 6 ,0 0 0 2 8 ,6 0 0 191,000 618,000 2 ,4 5 0 ,0 0 0 1. 1 1 .5 1.0 . 1 .7 2.2 8 .7 M i n n e s o t a -------------------------M i s s i s s i p p i ----------------------M i s s o u r i ----------------------------M o n t a n a -----------------------------N e b r a s k a --------------------------N e v a d a ---------------------------------N e w H a m p s h i r e -------------- 70 20 140 10 17 17 16 1 6 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 9 0 6 1 ,3 0 0 3 ,7 1 0 4 , 680 3, 610 2 , 110 .7 . 1 2..6 .2 .2 .2 . 1 2 7 2 ,0 0 0 4 8 ,1 0 0 1 , 220,000 9 8 ,0 0 0 8 7 ,4 0 0 2 9 ,7 0 0 2 1 ,8 0 0 1.0 .2 4 .3 .3 .3 . 1 . 1 N e w J e r s e y ----------------------N e w M e x i c o --------------------N e w Y o r k -------------------------N o r t h C a r o l i n a ----------------N o r t h D a k o t a -------------------O h io --------------------------------------O k l a h o m a -------------------------- 263 20 585 25 10 518 53 80,600 5 , 870 2 0 8 ,0 0 0 10,100 930 2 1 8 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,4 0 0 3 .4 .2 8 .7 .4 1 ,2 8 0 ,0 0 0 4 1 ,7 0 0 3 ,0 7 0 ,0 0 0 196,000 1 3 ,3 0 0 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 5 ,0 0 0 4 .5 . 1 10.8 .7 O r e g o n ---------------------------------P e n n s y l v a n i a -------------------R h o d e I s l a n d ---------------------S o u t h C a r o l i n a ------------------S o u t h D a k o t a ---------------------T e n n e s s e e --------------------------T exas ---------------------------------- 49 632 37 21 3 125 89 10,200 3 1 8 ,0 0 0 11,200 2 5 ,4 0 0 500 6 5 , 500 5 8 ,1 0 0 .4 1 3 .2 .5 1. 1 ( 3) 2 .7 2 .4 1 2 9 ,0 0 0 2 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 1 1 4 ,0 0 0 18,900 6 0 5 ,0 0 0 668,000 .5 10.6 . 5 .4 . 1 2. 1 2 .4 U t a h ------------------------------------ -V e r m o n t -----------------------------V i r g i n i a — --------------------------W a s h i n g t o n ------------------------W e s t V i r g i n i a --------------------W i s c o n s i n ---------------------------W y o m i n g ------------------------------ 39 8 65 66 165 100 16 2 3 ,4 0 0 2 ,0 5 0 2 4 ,9 0 0 4 6 ,0 0 0 4 9 ,5 0 0 3 0 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 4 0 1. 0 . 1 1.0 1 .9 2. 1 1 .3 . 1 2 4 6 ,0 0 0 5 5 ,0 0 0 1 5 7 ,0 0 0 5 8 1 ,0 0 0 3 4 7 ,0 0 0 7 7 1 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,4 0 0 .9 .2 .6 2. 1 1.2 2 .7 . 1 A ll S ta tes ( 3) 9. 1 . 8 ( 3) 8 .5 .9 1 S ee fo o tn o te 3, t a b le 1 . 2 T h e s u m o f t h e f i g u r e s in t h i s c o l u m n e x c e e d s 5 , 0 9 1 b e c a u s e t h e s t o p p a g e s e x t e n d i n g a c r o s s S t a t e l i n e s b e e n c o u n t e d in e a c h S ta te a f f e c t e d , b u t th e w o r k e r s i n v o lv e d a n d m a n - d a y s id le w e r e d iv id e d a m o n g th e S t a t e s . 3 L e s s th an a te n th o f 1 p e r c e n t . have 12 T A B L E 7 .— W o rk sto p p a g es b y m e tr o p o lita n a r e a , 1953 1 M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a W ork stop p a g es b e g i n n i n g in 1953 N um ber 2 W orkers in v o lv e d 44 30 8 ,7 7 0 25 6 15 6,090 590 6, 11 0 A t l a n t i c C i t y , N . J . ---------A u g u s t a , G a . -----------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d . -------------------B e a u m o n t-P o r t A r th u r , 6 13 27 840 2 3 ,9 0 0 1 7 ,2 0 0 — ------- 14 6 6 , 590 820 B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . ------------B o s t o n , M a s s . --------------------B r i d g e p o r t , C o n n . — --------B r o c k t o n , M a s s . ---------------B u f f a l o , N . Y . --------------------- 42 78 19 9 84 6 , 090 1 4 ,4 0 0 6, 610 2 , 150 3 5, 500 C a n t o n , O h i o --------------------— C e d a r R a p i d s , I o w a ---------C h a r l e s t o n , W . V a . ---------C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . —------C h e y e n n e , W y o . ---------------- 18 7 12 21 8 4 ,8 5 0 2 , 010 8 ,2 7 0 6 , 590 540 126 54 50 7 1 ,4 0 0 19,800 1 4 ,8 0 0 5 22 1, 3 7 0 16,100 C u m b e r l a n d , M d . ------------D a l l a s , T e x . -------------------------D a v e n p o rt, Io w a -R o ck I s l a n d - M o l i n e , 111. --------D a y t o n , O h i o -----------------------D e c a t u r , 111. ------------------------ 6 10 310 1 1 ,6 0 0 5 7 7 4 ,2 8 0 3 ,2 4 0 250 D e n v e r , C o l o . ---------- ----------D e s M o i n e s , I o w a ------------D e t r o i t , M i c h . --------------------D u lu t h , M in n . - S u p e r i o r , W i s . -------------------------------------E l m i r a , N . Y . --------------------- 20 21 198 5, 1 2 0 9 , 100 2 4 8 ,0 0 0 15 8 1, 7 6 0 1 ,3 6 0 E r i e , P a . -----------------------------E v a n s v i l l e , I n d . ---------------F a l l R i v e r , M a s s . ------------F a rg o , N . D ak. ----------------F l i n t , M i c h . ------------------ ------ 21 15 13 5 6 4 , 170 1 3 ,3 0 0 4 , 120 570 5, 330 8 2 , 600 6 7 ,8 0 0 2 2 ,6 0 0 7 320 47* 7 0 0 F o r t S m i t h , A r k . --------------F o r t W a y n e , I n d . --------------F o r t W o r t h , T e x . ------------F r e s n o , C a l i f . -------------------G a l v e s t o n , T e x . -------- -------- - 8 10 7 18 7 1, 8 7 0 5, 830 2,910 9 , 630 2 , 530 16, 800 6 2 ,6 0 0 19,600 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 5 4 ,2 0 0 G r a n d R a p i d s , M i c h . ------H a r r i s b u r g , P a . ---------------H a r t f o r d , C o n n . ---------------H o u s t o n , T e x . ----------------------H u n t in g t o n , W . V a . A s h l a n d , K y . --------------------- 5 8 14 23 3, 610 2 , 750 3, 710 1 3 ,2 0 0 101,000 5 2 ,9 0 0 4 0 ,9 0 0 1 3 1 ,0 0 0 27 5, 480 I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . ------------J a c k s o n , M i c h . ------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . -------------------J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . — -------J o h n s t o w n , P a . ------------------- 24 11 8 6 12 1 8 ,5 0 0 2 , 360 680 2 , 340 1,210 Y. C h i c a g o , H I. -----------------------C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o ----------------C l e v e l a n d , O h i o ---------- ------C o l u m b u s , G a . — --------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o ------------------- See fo otn otes at end o f ta b le . M e tr o p o lita n a r e a W ork stop p a g es b e g i n n i n g in 1953 N um ber 2 2 5 4 , 0 0 0 K a n s a s C i t y , M o . ----------K in g s t o n - N e w b u r g h P o u g h k e e p s ie , N . Y .— K n o x v ille , T e n n . -----------7 2 , 100 L a n s i n g , M i c h . -----------------3 , 5 3 0 L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . -----------3 2 ,7 0 0 L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f . ------1 8 , 9 0 0 L o u i s v i l l e , K y . ---------------8 1 , 4 0 0 M a c o n , G a . -----------------------1 7 6 ,0 0 0 M a d i s o n , W i s . -------------- — M e m p h i s , T e n n . --------------1 6 4 ,0 0 0 9 , 0 9 0 M i a m i , F l a . ----------------------M i l w a u k e e , W i s . ------------1 3 3 ,0 0 0 M in n e a p o l is - S t . P a u l, 1 9 8 ,0 0 0 M i n n . --------------------------—-----1 3 5 , 0 0 0 M o b i l e , A l a . ----------------------1 9 , 6 0 0 M u s k e g o n , M i c h . ------------4 0 1 ,0 0 0 N a s h v i l l e , T e n n . ------------7 1 , 100 N e w B r i t a i n - B r i s t o l , 31, 700 C o n n . --------------------------------1 3 2 , 0 0 0 N e w H a v e n , C o n n . ---------5 0 , 6 0 0 N e w B e d f o r d , M a s s . ----6 , 5 2 0 N e w O r l e a n s , L a . ----- — A k r o n , O h i o ---------------.---------A lb a n y -S c h e n e c ta d y T r o y , N . Y . ----------------------A lle n to w n - B e th le h e m E a s t o n , P a . ---------------- -----A l t o o n a , P a . -------------------------A t l a n t a , G a . --------------- ---------- B in g h a m to n , N . 4 7 ,5 0 0 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1953 (a ll stop p a g es) W ork ers in v o lv e d M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 95 3 (a ll stop p a g es) 40 2 7 ,0 0 0 8 4 3 ,0 0 0 11 32 5 8 2,900 3 3 ,3 0 0 820 2 ,7 6 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 2 8 3 ,0 0 0 5 , 150 3 7 ,5 0 0 122 38 5 11 16 5 7 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 580 1,260 9 ,0 4 0 9 5 7 ,0 0 0 1 3 2 ,0 0 0 3, 390 7, 830 3 7 ,7 0 0 12 33 1,000 1 5 ,8 0 0 5 ,0 6 0 5 8 0 ,0 0 0 42 17 10 9, 190 8 ,4 7 0 1 ,4 0 0 186, 000 69,800 39,000 15 2 ,2 4 0 3 2 ,9 0 0 5 18 6 37 1 ,0 8 0 3 , 180 850 1 3 ,8 0 0 12,000 3 3 ,7 0 0 1 1 ,8 0 0 162,000 586 198,000 2 ,5 1 0 ,0 0 0 13 5 8 10 6, 610 2 ,4 5 0 2 ,5 8 0 4 ,6 1 0 6 3 ,7 0 0 3 0 ,6 0 0 1 9 ,4 0 0 9 0 ,3 0 0 28 10 164 6 137 3 8 ,4 0 0 1 ,9 8 0 96,600 1 , 180 1 0 7 ,0 0 0 1 4 3 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 4 0 , 000 2 2 ,3 0 0 739,000 6 19 34 5 6 850 6 , 890 1 0 ,8 0 0 150 380 11,100 5 7 ,4 0 0 129,0 0 0 2 , 740 4 8 ,0 0 0 R e a d i n g , P a . --------------------R e n o , N e v . --------------------------R i c h m o n d , V a . -----------------R o a n o k e , V a . --------------------R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . ------------- 13 6 9 5 8 4 ,3 5 0 950 2,290 390 2 ,6 3 0 7 3 ,3 0 0 1 0 ,7 0 0 2 6 , 300 1,900 2 5 ,7 0 0 R o c k f o r d , H I. ------------------S t . J o s e p h , M o . --------------S t. L o u is , M o . - E a s t S t . L o u i s , 111. ------------S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f . --------S a g i n a w , M i c h . ---------------- 11 6 1,900 1 ,3 0 0 2 8 ,7 0 0 7, 810 115 * 17 7 4 2 ,7 0 0 1 4 ,5 0 0 2 ,0 6 0 621,000 199,000 2 6 , 300 4 6 4 ,0 0 0 8 0 3 ,0 0 0 N e w Y o r k - N o r t h e a s t e r n 449,000 N e w J e r s e y --------------------2 6 6 , 0 0 0 N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h , 7, 550 V a . -------------------------------------3 6 8 , 0 0 0 O g d e n , U t a h -----------------------O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k la . — 2 , 0 8 0 O m a h a , N e b r . ------------- — 1 1 4 ,0 0 0 P a d u c a h , K y . -------------------1 4 7 , 0 0 0 P e o r i a , 111. -----------------------1 5 , 7 0 0 P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . -----------4 , 6 7 0 P h o e n i x , A r i z . -----------------P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ---------------3 4 ,8 0 0 P o r t l a n d , M a i n e --------------2 0 5 ,0 0 0 P o r t l a n d , O r e g . ------- ------1 ,7 2 0 ,0 0 0 P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . -----------P u e b l o , C o l o . ------------------19, 9 0 0 I R a c i n e , W i s . ---------------------9 ,2 9 0 12 5 14 14 7 ,7 9 0 2 ,2 7 0 3 ,9 2 0 4 ,4 4 0 8 1 ,1 0 0 1 8 ,5 0 0 5 4 ,0 0 0 7 3 ,4 0 0 3 1 , 300 S a l t L a k e C i t y , U t a h -----S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . ---------S a n B e r n a r d in o ., C a l i f . — S an D ie g o , C a lif. — — — San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , C a l i f . --------------------------------- 81 5 8 ,9 0 0 7 3 1 ,0 0 0 3 8 7 ,0 0 0 8 3 ,7 0 0 3, 300 4 5 , 800 1 5 ,1 0 0 S a n J o s e , C a l i f , -------—— S a v a n n a h , G a . ------------- —S c r a n t o n , P a . -------------------S e a c t i - ,, W a s h . -------- -------- S h r e v < n o r t , L a . --------------- 13 8 38 20 5 2 2 ,4 0 0 970 9 ,0 8 0 1 4 ,4 0 0 1 ,9 7 0 2 4 9 ,0 0 0 3, 030 7 2 ,8 0 0 2 4 9 ,0 0 0 9, 890 13 T A B L E 7 .— W ork stop p ag es b y m e tr o p o lita n a r e a , 1953 1 - Continued W ork stop p a g es b e g i n n i n g in 1953 M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a N u m b e r 21 S o u t h B e n d , I n d . -----------------S p o k a n e , W a s h . ------------------S p r i n g f i e l d , 1 1 1 .--------------------S p r i n g f i e Id - H o l y o k e , M a s s . ---------------------------------------S p r i n g f i e l d , M o . ------------------S t a m fo r d -N o r w a lk , C o n n . -------------------------------------S t o c k t o n , C a l i f . ------- -------------S y r a c u s e , N . Y . ---------------- — T a c o m a , W a s h . ------------------T a m p a -S t. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . - ...................................... ....... T e r r e H a u t e , I n d . ------------— T o l e d o , O h i o -------------------------- W ork ers in v o lv e d M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g • 1953 (a ll stop p a g es) W o rk stop p a g es b e g i n n i n g in 1953 M e tr o p o lita n a r e a N um ber 2 W ork ers in v o lv e d M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1953 (a ll stop p a g es) T r e n t o n , N . J . ----------------T u c s o n , A r i z . -----------------T u l s a , O k la . --------------------U t i c a - R o m e , N . Y . ------7 8 , 10 0 W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ------- 1 , 5 8 0 W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . -----------W h e e lin g , W . V a . S t e u b e n v i l l e , O h i o ------2 2 5 ,0 0 0 19 5 15 13 23 5 2 , 600 540 4 ,8 8 0 1 ,4 2 0 5 ,3 2 0 6 ,7 7 0 3 4 ,4 0 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 3 7 ,9 0 0 2 5 ,2 0 0 3 1 ,8 0 0 4 0 ,0 0 0 29 7, 790 8 8 ,4 0 0 W i c h i t a , K a n s . -----------------W ilk e s B a r r e - H a z le t o n , P a . -------------------------------------W i lp n in g t o n , D e l . -----------W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . ---------Y o r k , P a . -------------------------Y o u n g s t o w n , O h io ---------- 6 1 ,5 9 0 14, 900 25 9 17 13 110 7, 650 7 ,7 7 0 2 ,6 3 0 2 ,6 5 0 4 1 ,2 0 0 8 4 ,3 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 8 ,3 0 0 3 7 ,9 0 0 2 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 1 , 000 1 8 ,6 0 0 69,100 12 7 9 2 8 , 500 2,980 6 ,2 4 0 27 5 1 0 ,4 0 0 240 19 3 ,9 5 0 18 22 10 1 0 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,5 0 0 4 , 160 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 355,000 112,000 12 11 31 4 , 070 1 ,4 6 0 7, 820 68 , 500 1 8 ,9 0 0 7 1 , 800 1 T h e t a b l e i n c l u d e s d a t a f o r e a c h o f t h e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s t h a t h a d 5 o r m o r e s t o p p a g e s in 1 9 5 3 . B e g in n i n g w i t h 1 9 5 2 d a t a w e r e t a b u l a t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r 182 m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . T h e in fo r m a tio n f o r e a r lie r y e a r s w as c o n fin e d to c it y b o u n d r ie s . T h e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s c a m e p r i n c i p a l l y f r o m th e l i s t s o f S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s c o m p il e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t a s o f J a n u a r y 2 8 , 1949 a n d J u n e 5 , 1 9 5 0 . A fe w a d d it io n a l a r e a s w e r e a d d e d , i n c l u d i n g s o m e w h e r e m a j o r c i t i e s h a v e b e e n i n c l u d e d in t h e s t r i k e s e r i e s in p r e v i o u s y e a r s . Som e m e tro p o l i t a n a r e a s i n c l u d e c o u n t i e s in m o r e t h a n o n e S t a t e a n d h e n c e a n a r e a t o t a l m a y e q u a l o r e x c e e d t h e t o t a l f o r th e S ta te in w h ic h th e m a j o r c i t y is l o c a t e d ( e . g . , th e N e w Y o r k - N o r t h e a s t e r n N e w J e r s e y m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a , w h ic h in c lu d e s g r e a t e r N e w Y o r k a n d th e s u r r o u n d in g a r e a a s w e ll a s e ig h t c o u n t ie s in N o r t h e a s t e r n N e w J e r s e y , e q u a ls t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f s t r i k e s in N e w Y o r k S t a t e in 1 9 5 3 ). L i s t s o f t h e s e a r e a s a r e a v a i l a b l e u p o n r e q u e s t f r o m th e D iv i s io n o f W a g e s a n d I n d u s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s . 2 In t h i s t a b l e , e x c e p t a s n o t e d b e l o w , i n t e r - m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s t o p p a g e s a r e c o u n t e d s e p a r a t e l y i n e a c h a r e a a f f e c t e d , w it h th e w o r k e r s in v o lv e d a n d m a n - d a y s id le a l l o c a t e d t o th e r e s p e c t i v e a r e a s . In t h e f o l l o w i n g s t o p p a g e i t w a s i m p o s s i b l e t o s e c u r e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n n e c e s s a r y t o m a k e s u c h a l l o c a t i o n s , a n d h e n c e i t i s n o t i n c l u d e d in th e f i g u r e s f o r a n y m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a : th e s t o p p a g e o f a b o u t 5 0 0 e m p l o y e e s o f t a n k e r c o m p a n i e s a t E a s t a n d G u lf C o a s t p o r t s in O c t o b e r . T A B L E 8 . — W o r k s t o p p a g e s b y a f f i l ia t i o n o f u n io n s in v o lv e d , 1953 W o r k s t o p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 195 3 A ffilia t io n N um ber W o r k e r s in v o lv e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 195 3 (a ll s t o p p a g e s ) P ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l A l l u n i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 5 , 091 100.0 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 100. 0 A m e r i c a n F e d e r a t i o n o f L a b o r 2 -----------C o n g r e s s o f I n d u s t r ia l O r g a n iz a t io n s — U n a f f i l i a t e d u n i o n s ----------------------------------------S i n g l e f i r m u n i o n s ------------- --------------------------D iffe r e n t a ffilia tio n s : R i v a l u n i o n s 3 ---------------------------------------------C o o p e r a t i n g u n i o n s 4 ------------------------- •— N o u n i o n i n v o l v e d ------------------------------------------N o t r e p o r t e d ------------------------------------------------------ 2 ,8 6 1 1 ,3 1 2 786 20 5 6 .2 2 5 .8 1 5 .4 .4 1 ,0 6 0 ,0 0 0 901,000 3 2 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,9 4 0 4 4 .2 3 7 .5 1 3 .3 .3 1 4 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 210,000 4 2 ,8 0 0 51. 6 3 4 .3 7 .8 .2 37 18 46 11 . 7 .4 4 0 ,5 0 0 6 5 ,4 0 0 5 , 560 910 1. 7 2 .7 .2 2 0 4 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 9 ,4 0 0 3 ,9 8 0 .7 5 .3 . 1 1 S ee fo o tn o te 3, ta b le .9 .2 ( 5) ( 5) 1. A l l s t o p p a g e s in 1 9 5 3 i n v o l v i n g t h e U n it e d B r o t h e r h o o d o f C a r p e n t e r s a n d J o i n e r s o f A m e r i c a a r e i n c l u d e d in t h is c a t e g o r y , a l t h o u g h t h i s u n i o n w i t h d r e w f r o m t h e A F L f r o m A u g u s t 12 t o S e t p e m b e r 8 . D is p u t e s b e t w e e n u n io n s o f d i ff e r e n t a f fi l ia t i o n s — u n io n s b e t w e e n t h e m a n d a r e r i v a l s in t h e s a m e f i e l d . 4 T h e s t o p p a g e in v o lv in g N o r th A m e r i c a n A v ia t io n , A p p r o x im a t e ly 200 o f th e s e w o r k e r s w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d b y s e n t e d b y t h e U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s ( C I O ) . 5 L e s s th an a te n th o f 1 p e r c e n t . w h ic h r e c o g n iz e no e s t a b lis h e d ju r is d ic t io n a l lin e s I n c . , i s in t h i s g r o u p . It i n v o l v e d a b o u t 3 2 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s . t h e U n it e d W e l d e r s o f A m e r i c a (In d . ); t h e r e s t w e r e r e p r e 14 T A B L E 9 . — W ork stop p ag es b y nu m ber o f w o r k e r s in v olv ed , 1953 S t o p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 195 3 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1953 (a ll s t o p p a g e s ) N um ber A l l w o r k e r s ---------*---------- ---------------------------------- 5 ,0 9 1 6 a n d u n d e r 2 0 —---------------------------------------------2 0 a n d u n d e r 1 0 0 ---------------- —-----------------------1 0 0 a n d u n d e r 2 5 0 ------------------------------------------2 5 0 a n d u n d e r 5 0 0 --------------------------- --------------5 0 0 a n d u n d e r 1 , 0 0 0 -------------------------------------1 , 0 0 0 a n d u n d e r 5 , 0 0 0 --------------------------------5 , 0 0 0 a n d u n d e r 1 0 , 0 0 0 --------------------------- — 1 0 , 0 0 0 a n d o v e r ------------------------------------------------ 69 2 1 ,7 4 0 1, 17 5 645 402 368 41 28 1 P ercen t of tota l 100.0 1 3 .6 3 4 .2 23. 1 1 2 .7 7 .9 7 .2 .8 .5 N um ber 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 , 350 8 7 ,4 0 0 1 8 7 ,0 0 0 220,000 2 7 6 , 000 6 9 2 ,0 0 0 2 8 1 ,0 0 0 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 P ercen t of tota l 100.0 N um ber P ercen t of tota l 2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .3 3. 6 7 .8 9 .2 1 1 .5 28. 8 1 .7 27. 1 141, 000 1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 6 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,4 6 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,2 9 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 7 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,2 7 0 , 000 o N um ber of w ork ers o o W o r k e r s in v o lv e d 1 0 .5 4 .7 9 .0 9 .4 1 2 .3 2 5 .8 12. 6 2 5 .7 S e e fo o tn o te 3 , ta b le 1 . TABLE 1 0 .— W o r k s to p p a g e s b y n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in v o lv e d , S t o p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 95 3 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in v o lv e d 1 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d 2 N um ber P ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l 1953 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1953 (a ll s t o p p a g e s ) N um ber P ercen t of tota l A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ----------------------------------------- 5 ,0 9 1 100.0 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 100. 0 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t -----------------------------------------------2 t o 5 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ------- ----------------------------6 t o 1 0 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s -------------------------------- 1 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r m o r e — -------------------N o t r e p o r t e d ------------------------------------------------------ 3 ,6 8 4 672 232 477 26 7 2 .4 1 3 .2 4. 6 9 .4 .5 1 , 1 2 0 , 000 3 1 1 ,0 0 0 1 9 7 ,0 0 0 7 6 5 ,0 0 0 10,900 4 6 .5 1 2 .9 8.2 3 1 .9 .5 1 0 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 , 100,000 1 4 2 ,0 0 0 36. 3 1 8 .4 5 .7 39. 1 .5 1 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t , f o r p u r p o s e s o f th is t a b le , is d e f in e d a s a s in g le ^ p h y s ic a l l o c a t i o n w h e r e b u s i n e s s is c o n d u c te d o r w h e r e s e r v i c e s o r in d u s t r ia l o p e r a t io n s a r e p e r f o r m e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a f a c t o r y , m i l l , s t o r e , m in e , o r fa r m . A s t o p p a g e m a y i n v o l v e 1, 2 , o r m o r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o f a s i n g l e e m p l o y e r o r it m a y i n v o l v e d i f f e r e n t e m p lo y e r s . * S e e f o o t n o t e 3 , t a b l e 1. 15 T A B L E 1 1 .— A n a ly s is o f individu al w o rk stop p ag es in v olv in g 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , 1953 1 B e g in n in g d a te A p p r o x im a t e A p p r o x im a t e num ber of d u r a tio n E s t a b lis h m e n t (s ) a n d l o c a t io n . U n io n (s ) i n v o l v e d 3 w ork ers (c a le n d a r in v o lv e d days) 2 M a jo r te r m s o f s e t t le m e n t 4 J a n u a r y 15 4 B r i g g s M a n u fa c t u r in g C o . , D e t r o i t , M ic h . U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s (C I O ) 16,000 W ork ers re tu rn e d a fte r s e t t le m e n t o f d is p u te d (w o r k lo a d ) is s u e . J a n u a r y 21 3 H u dson M o to r C a r C o ., D e t r o it , M ic h . U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s (C IO ) 1 1 ,5 0 0 W o r k e r s r e t u r n e d to jo b s p e n d in g s e t t le m e n t o f g r i e v an ces ( in c l u d i n g a d i s c h a r g e c a s e ) u n d er n o r m a l g r ie v a n c e p rocedu re. J a n u a r y 30 5 I n la n d S t e e l C o . , E a s t C h ic a g o , In d. U n it e d S t e e l w o r k e r s (C IO ) 1 8 ,0 0 0 G r ie v a n c e s , in v o lv in g s u s p e n s io n o f e m p lo y e e s , to b e processed th rou g h r e g u la r g r ie v a n c e p r o c e d u r e . 5 2 0 , 000 H o u r ly w a g e i n c r e a s e s o f 1 2 % ce n ts f o r b r u s h p a in te r s ; 17% c e n ts f o r s p r a y p a in t e r s ; a n d 15 c e n t s f o r s t e e l a n d s i g n p a in te r s . 1 7 ,0 0 0 W o rk e rs r e tu r n e d to th e ir jo b s a fte r p r o t e s t o f c o m p a n y a c t i o n in a p p o i n t m e n t o f s u p e r v is o r . F e b r u a r y 15 57 F e b r u a r y 24 3 B r o . o f P a in t e r s , I n t e r s t a t e P a in t C o . , s u b c o n t r a c t o r , (A t o m ic E n e rg y D e c o r a to r s and P aperh an ger s C o m m is s io n c o n s tr u c tio n (A F L ) p r o j e c t ) , A ik e n and B a r n w e ll C o u n t ie s , S . C . S tu d eb a k er C o r p ., S o u t h B e n d , In d . U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s (C I O ) N ew J e r s e y B e ll T e le p h o n e C o . , N . J . , S t a t e w id e T e le p h o n e W o r k e r s U n io n o f N e w J e r s e y (In d . ) 6 6 1 4 ,0 0 0 W e e k ly w a g e in c r e a s e s o f $2 f o r e m p lo y e e s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 7 4 .5 0 a w e e k a n d $ 3 fo r oth er e m p lo y e e s ; w age p r o g r e s s io n s c h e d u le r e d u c e d f r o m 6 V2 t o 6 y e a r s . B r o . o f R a ilr o a d T r a in m e n (In d . ) 7 2 7 , 000 A g reem en t to preven t a n d /o r e lim in a t e s lo w d o w n s ; r e in s ta te m e n t of su spen d ed e m p lo y e e s . M a r c h 26 35 M a r c h 30 4 U n io n R a i l r o a d C o . , (U . S . S t e e l C o r p . ), P itts b u r g h , P a . A p r il 2 2 U n it e d R u b b e r U . S. R u b b er C o ., W o r k e r s (C I O ) 1 1 S ta tes: C a l i f . , C o n n . , 111. , I n d . , M a s s ., M ic h ., N . J . , P a ., R . I . , T e n n . , W is . 36, 000 E m p lo y e r -fin a n c e d h os p it a liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, an d s u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e p la n f o r e m p lo y e e s an d th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ; 2 w e e k s 1 v a c a tio n a fte r 3 in stea d o f 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . A p r i l 13 3 C h r y s le r C o r p . , D e tr o it an d T r e n t o n , M ic h . U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s (C I O ) 4 8 ,0 0 0 T r u c k d riv e r s c o m p lie d w it h u n i o n r e q u e s t t h a t t h e y t e r m in a t e u n a u t h o r iz e d p r o te s t stop p a g e o v e r p ic k u p s at s t r ik e -b o u n d s u p p lie r ’ s p la n t. C o n s tr u c t io n in d u s tr y , D e t r o i t , M ic h . U n it e d B r o . o f C a rp e n te rs and J o in e r s (A F L ); B r o . o f P a in t e r s , D e c o r a to r s and P a perh an gers (A F L ) 3 0 ,0 0 0 C a rp en ters* w a ges w e re in c r e a s e d 12 ce n ts an hou r w i t h a n i n c r e a s e in e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u tio n s f o r l if e an d h o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e of 3 ce n ts a m a n -h o u r e ffe c tiv e J u l y 1, 1 9 5 3 a n d 2 c e n t s a d d i t i o n a l e f f e c t i v e A p r i l 1, 1 9 5 4 . P a in t e r s * w a g e s w e r e in c r e a s e d 1 2 % c e n t s a n h o u r w it h a 2 % -c e n t h o u r ly i n c r e a s e in e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u tio n s fo r h o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e . C o n s tr u c tio n in d u stry , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . F iv e A F L B u ild in g T r a d e s U n io n s : C a rp en ters, C em ent F in is h e r s , Iron w ork ers, G la z ie r s , and R o o fe r s 20,000 C a rp en ters* and ce m e n t fin is h e r s * w ages in c re a s e d 2 0 cen ts an h ou r e ffe c tiv e M a y 1, 1 9 5 3 w it h a n a d d i t i o n a l 10-c e n t h o u r ly in c r e a s e e ffe c t i v e M a y 1, 1 9 5 4 . M em bers o f th e o t h e r b u ild in g t r a d e s u n io n s in v o lv e d r e c e i v e d v a g e in c r e a s e s o f v a r y in g a m o u n ts . vO M ay 1 8 50 oo M ay 1 See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . 16 TABLE B e g in n in g d a te llo— A n a ly s is A p p r o x im a t e d u r a tio n (c a le n d a r days 2 M ay 1 19 o f individu al w o r k stopp ag es in v olv in g 10, 000 or m o r e w o r k e r s , 1953 1 - C ontinued A p p r o x im a t e num ber of M a jo r t e r m s o f s e t t le m e n t 4 w ork ers in v o lv e d E s t a b lis h m e n t (s ) an d lo c a tio n U n io n (s ) i n v o l v e d 3 C o n s tr u c tio n in d u stry , K n o x v ille , O ak R id g e , and o t h e r l o c a t i o n s in E a s t e r n Ten n. A F L B u ild in g T r a d e s U n io n s (K n o x v ille C o u n c il) 1 5 ,0 0 0 W a g e i n c r e a s e o f 5 .3 p e r cen t. M a y 11 71 C o n s tr u c tio n in d u stry , K a n s a s C ity , M o . , an d K a n s a s C ity , K a n sa s T h ree A F L B u ild in g T r a d e s U n io n s : T ea m sters, L a b o r e r s , and O p e r a t in g E n g in e e r s 2 2 ,5 0 0 W a g e i n c r e a s e s r a n g in g f r o m 7 V2 t o I 2 V2 c e n t s a n h o u r ; a g r e e m e n t on a p la n f o r s e t t le m e n t o f ju r is d ic t io n a l m a t t e r s . June 2 27 C o n s tr u c t io n in d u s tr y , U ta h S ix A F L B u ild in g T r a d e s U n io n s : T ea m sters, C a rp en ters, O p e r a t in g E n g in e e r s , L a borers, C em en t M asons, and Ir o n w ork ers 10,000 W a g e i n c r e a s e s r a n g in g fro m 5 t o 15 c e n t s a n h o u r , w it h a d d it io n a l i n c r e a s e s r a n g in g f r o m 2 lk t o 1 0 c e n t s e f f e c t i v e J a n u a r y 1, 1 9 5 4 . June 3 41 C o n s tr u c tio n in d u stry , N o rth e r n an d C e n tr a l C a lif. H od C a r r ie r s , B u ild in g a n d C om m on L a b o r e r s (A F L ) 10 6 0 , 00 0 W a g e i n c r e a s e o f 15 c e n t s an h ou r. June 4 i i 14 F . Ho M c G r a w a n d C o 0 , (A t o m ic E n e r g y C o m m is s io n c o n s tr u c tio n p r o je c t ), P adu cah , K ye A F L B u ild in g T r a d e s U n io n s (P a d u ca h C o u n c il) l 2 l l ,000 I n t e r n a t io n a l o f f i c e r s of th e u n io n s i n v o lv e d o r d e r e d m e m b e r s to r e tu r n to w o r k p e n d in g n e g o t ia t io n s o n t r a v e l p a y and o th e r fr in g e b e n e fits . C o n s tr u c tio n in d u s tr y , I n d ia n a p o lis , In d . I n t 1! . B r o . o f C a rp e n te rs and J o in e r s (A F L ) 10,000 H o u r ly w a g e i n c r e a s e o f 17 c e n t s e f f e c t i v e A u g u s t 5 , 1 9 5 3 w it h a d d i t i o n a l 8 c e n t s e ffe c tiv e Jan u ary 1, 1954. 8 C a lifo r n ia P r o c e s s o r s and G r o w e r s , In c. ,N o r t h e m an d C e n tr a l C a lif. I n t * l. B r o . o f T e a m s t e r s (A F L ) 3 3 ,0 0 0 W a g e in c r e a s e s ra n g in g fro m 8 to 1 0 ce n ts an h o u r; e m p l o y e r s t o c o n t r i b u t e $ 8 .6 5 a m o n th to a h e a lth an d w e l f a r e p la n c o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s w o r k in g 1 ,6 0 0 h o u r s a y e a r and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts . A u g u s t 10 3 P e n n s y lv a n ia D r e s s M a n u fa c tu r e r s A s s o c ia t io n , N o rth e a ste rn P a . In t * l. L a d i e s 1 G arm en t W o r k e r s * U n io n (A F L ) 10,000 R e d u c t i o n in b a s i c w o r k w eek fro m 4 0 t o 35 h o u r s ; 6 p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e in p i e c e r a te s ; 9 - c e n t h o u r ly w a g e in c r e a s e f o r t im e w o r k e r s . A u g u s t 19 13 S o u th w e s te r n B e ll T e le p h o n e C o . , A r k . , 111, (2 c o u n t i e s ) , K a n s . , M o . , O k la 0 , a n d T exas C o m m u n ic a tio n s W ork ers of A m e r i c a (C I O ) 5 0 ,0 0 0 W age in c r e a s e s r a n g in g fro m $ 1 .5 0 to $3 a w eek; s o m e jo b r e c la s s ific a t io n s and u p w a r d r e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f 13 exch an g es. A u g u st 26 2 V a rio u s s u b -c o n t r a c to r s U n it e d B r o . o f C a rp e n te rs and J o in e r s (A F L ) 11,000 W a g e is s u e to b e s e t t le d a fte r te r m in a tio n o f s to p p a g e . U n it e d R u b b e r W o r k e r s (C IO ) 2 5 ,0 0 0 W age i n c r e a s e s a v e r a g in g 5 ce n ts an h o u r; e m p lo y e r p a id h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d i c a l, a n d s u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e p la n f o r e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts; in c r e a s e d p e n s io n s m o n t h ly , in c lu d in g s o c i a l s e c u r i,t y ; 2 w e e k s 1 v a c a t io n a f t e r 3 in s te a d o f 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . J u n e 29 36 J u ly 2 8 (A t o m ic E n e r g y C o m m is s io n c o n s tr u c tio n p r o je c t ), P adu cah , K y, A u g u st 27 4 F ir e s t o n e T ir e and R u b b er C o . , C a l i f . , In d . , I o w a , M a s s . , O h io , P a . , a n d T en n, See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . 17 T A B L E 1 1 .— A n a ly s is o f individu al w o r k sto p p a g e s in volvin g 10,000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , 1953 1 - Continued B e g in n in g d a te O ctob er 1 A p p r o x im a te d u r a tio n E s t a b lis h m e n t (s ) a n d lo c a tio n (c a le n d a r d a y s )2 5 S h ip p in g in d u s t r y , E a st C oast U n io n (s ) in v o lv e d 3 In t’ l . L o n g s h o r e m e n ’ s A s s ’n . (I n d .) A p p r o x im a t e num ber of w ork ers in v o lv e d M a jo r t e r m s o f s e t t le m e n t 4 3 0 ,0 0 0 W o rk e rs retu rn ed a fte r is s u a n c e o f in ju n c t io n o b t a in e d u n d e r th e e m e r g e n c y p r o v i s io n s o f th e L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t R e la tio n s A c t . O cto b e r 23 54 N o r th A m e r i c a n A v ia t io n , I n c ., L o s A n g e le s an d F r e s n o , C a l i f . , a n d C o l u m b u s , O h io U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s (C IO ); U n it e d W e l d e r s o f A m e r i c a ( I n d .) 13 13 3 2 , 0 0 0 W age in c re a s e s o f 4 p e r c e n t an d o th e r fr in g e b e n e fits g e n e r a l l y a s o f f e r e d b y th e c o m p a n y p r i o r to th e s t o p p a g e . O cto b e r 25 7 M ilk d e a l e r s , N ew Y o r k , N . Y . , n orth ern N . J . , and F a ir f ie ld C ou n ty , C o n n . In t’l . B r o . o f T e a m s t e r s (A F L ) 1 3 ,0 0 0 W age in c re a s e o f $ 6 a w e e k ; in c r e a s e d v a c a tio n and in s u r a n c e b e n e fit s , e s tim a te d to c o s t $ 2 . 50 a w e e k p e r e m p lo y e e . A liq u ip p a an d S o u th e rn R a ilr o a d (J o n e s an d L a u g h lin S t e e l C o r p . , A liq u ip p a W o r k s ), P itts b u r g h , P a . U n it e d R a i l r o a d W o r k e r s (C IO ); B r o . o f R a ilr o a d T r a in m e n , an d B ro. of L oco m o t iv e F ir e m e n a n d E n g in e m e n ( I n d .) 1 4 1 5 ,0 0 0 S ix n e w s p a p e r s , ( T im e s , P o s t , D a ily N e w s , D a ily M ir r o r , J o u r n a l-A m e r ic a n , and W o r ld -T e le g r a m and S u n ), N e w Y o r k , N . Y . P h o to -E n g r a v e r s * U n io n ( A F L ) 1 5 ,0 0 0 A m e r ic a n C an C o . and C o n tin e n ta l C a n C o . , N a t io n w id e U n it e d S t e e l w o r k e r s (C IO ) 3 0 ,0 0 0 N o v e m b e r 16 N ov em b er 28 D ecem b er 2 14 11 (1 S ) 8Va H o u r ly w a g e cen ts. in c r e a s e of A $ 3 .7 5 w e e k l y p a c k a g e i n c r e a s e i n c l u d i n g $3 in w a g e s , lib e r a liz e d w e lfa r e b e n e fits an d a n e x tr a p a id h o lid a y a n n u a lly , a n d a g r e e m e n t t o s u b m it q u e s t io n s o f a n a d d it io n a l w a g e i n c r e a s e a n d r e d u c t io n i n th e r e g u l a r w o r k w e e k t o a 3 -m a n fa c t-fin d in g b o a r d . i” ) 1 I n f o r m a t io n in th is t a b le e x c e p t m a j o r t e r m s o f s e t t le m e n t is b a s e d p r i m a r i l y o n r e p l i e s f r o m th e p a r t i e s , s u p p le m e n te d b y a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e s . In m o s t c a s e s t h e t e r m s o f s e t t l e m e n t a r e c o m p i l e d f r o m t h e n e g o t i a t e d a g r e e m en t o r fr o m n e w sp a p e r and o th e r s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s . 2 I n c lu d e s n o n w o r k d a y s , s u c h a s S a t u r d a y s , S u n d a y s , a n d h o l id a y s . O n ly n o r m a l l y s c h e d u l e d w o r k d a y s a r e u s e d in c o m p u t i n g s t r i k e i d l e n e s s . 3 T h e u n io n s l is t e d a r e t h o s e d i r e c t l y in v o lv e d in th e d is p u t e . " W o r k e r s i n v o l v e d " i n c l u d e a l l w o r k e r s m a d e i d l e f o r o n e s h i f t o r l o n g e r in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i r e c t l y i n v o l v e d i n a s t o p p a g e , i n c l u d i n g m e m b e r s o f o t h e r u n i o n s o r n o n u n io n w o r k e r s . E m p lo y e e s w h o a r e m a d e id le b y m a t e r ia l o r s e r v i c e s h o r t a g e s in o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s o r i n d u s t r ie s a r e n o t in c lu d e d . 4 T h e B u r e a u ’ s m o n t h l y C u r r e n t W a g e D e v e l o p m e n t s r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s t h e w a g e s e t t l e m e n t s s o m e t i m e s in g r e a t e r d e t a il th an t h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d h e r e . 5 P a in t e r s e m p lo y e d b y I n t e r s ta te P a in t C o m p a n y s t o p p e d w o r k a n d e s t a b lis h e d p ic k e t l in e s . E m p lo y e e s o f o t h e r c o n t r a c t o r s o n t h e p r o j e c t o b s e r v e d t h e p i c k e t l i n e s b u t r e t u r n e d t o w o r k o n F e b r u a r y 19 a f t e r r e m o v a l o f p ic k e t lin e s . P a in t e r s r e t u r n e d F e b r u a r y 23 a f t e r r a t ify in g th e w a g e a g r e e m e n t . 6 P i c k e t l in e s e s t a b l is h e d b y a b o u t 7 ,0 0 0 p la n t a n d a c c o u n t in g d e p a r t m e n t e m p l o y e e s , r e p r e s e n t e d b y th e T e l e p h o n e W o r k e r s U n io n o f N e w J e r s e y (I n d . ), w e r e r e s p e c t e d b y m e m b e r s o f t h e C o m m u n i c a t i o n s W o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a (C I O ) e m p l o y e d b y N e w J e r s e y B e l l T e l e p h o n e C o . a n d W e s t e r n E l e c t r i c C o . 7 A b o u t 2 , 5 0 0 e m p l o y e e s o f t h e U n io n R a i l r o a d C o . (a s u b s i d i a r y o f U . S . S t e e l C o r p . s e r v i c i n g s t e e l p l a n t s ) w e r e i n v o l v e d in t h e d i s p u t e a n d a b o u t 2 4 , 5 0 0 s t e e l w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y U . S . S t e e l C o r p . in c l o s e l y i n t e g r a t e d o p e r a tio n s w e r e m a d e id le . 8 A m a j o r i t y o f t h e w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d r e t u r n e d t o t h e i r j o b s J u n e 15 b u t s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d w o r k e r s w e r e i d l e u n til Ju n e 19. 9 A m a j o r i t y o f t h e w o r k e r s r e t u r n e d t o w o r k J u n e 18 a f t e r C a r p e n t e r s a n d C e m e n t F i n i s h e r s r e a c h e d a g r e e m e n t w it h t h e c o n t r a c t o r s . O t h e r c r a f t s r e t u r n e d b e t w e e n J u n e 18 a n d J u l y 3 a s a g r e e m e n t s w e r e r e a c h e d . 10 M e m b e r s o f t h e L a b o r e r s ’ U n io n s t o p p e d w o r k o n J u n e 3 . A w e e k la t e r a p p r o x i m a t e ly 3 0 , 00 0 b u ild in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s w e r e id le . T h e A s s o c ia t e d G e n e r a l C o n tr a c t o r s o f A m e r ic a , I n c ., N o r th e r n an d C e n tr a l C a lifo r n ia C h a p te r s , c a l l e d o n m e m b e r s in t h e a r e a t o s t o p a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e f f e c t i v e w it h th e c l o s e o f w o r k o n J u n e 2 3 b e c a u s e o f th e l a b o r e r s ’ s t r i k e a g a i n s t s o m e o f i t s m e m b e r s . A p p r o x im a t e ly 6 0 , 000 w o r k e r s w e r e id le b y la te J u n e. 1 1 T h e stop p a g e, in it ia t e d b y P a in t e r s o n J u n e 4 , w a s e x t e n d e d t o o t h e r c r a f t s r e p r e s e n t e d b y th e P a d u c a h B u ild in g a n d C o n s t r u c t i o n T r a d e s C o u n c il; b y Ju n e 9 a p p r o x im a t e ly 11, 000 w e r e id le . 12 T h is f i g u r e in c lu d e s e m p l o y e e s o f o t h e r c o n t r a c t o r s w h o w e r e id le b e c a u s e o f p i c k e t l i n e s . 1 3 A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 0 o f t h e w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d in t h i s w o r k s t o p p a g e w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e U n it e d W e l d e r s o f A m e r i c a (I n d . ); t h e r e s t w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e U n it e d A u t o m o b i l e W o r k e r s ( C I O ) . T h e to ta l n u m b e r id le d e c lin e d a s th e s t o p p a g e c o n t in u e d a n d w o r k e r s r e t u r n e d to t h e ir j o b s . B y th e e n d o f th e s t r ik e a p p r o x i m a t e ly h a lf o f th e w o rk e rs had re tu rn e d . 1 4 A b o u t 7 50 e m p l o y e e s o f t h e A l i q u i p p a a n d S o u t h e r n R a i l r o a d (a s u b s i d i a r y o f J o n e s a n d L a u g h l i n S t e e l C o r p . ) w e r e i n v o l v e d in t h e d i s p u t e a n d a b o u t 1 4 , 0 0 0 s t e e l w o r k e r s in c l o s e l y i n t e g r a t e d o p e r a t i o n s v / e r e m a d e i d l e . 15 T h e u n i o n s e t t l e d w it h C o n t i n e n t a l C a n C o . o n J a n u a r y 5 , 1 9 5 4 a n d w it h A m e r i c a n C a n C o . o n J a n u a r y 1 2 , 1954. T h e a g r e e m e n t s p r o v i d e d a 1 5 - c e n t h o u r l y " p a c k a g e , " i n c l u d i n g a n 8 V2 - c e n t b a s i c w a g e i n c r e a s e . 18 T A B L E 1 2 .— D uration of w ork stoppages ending in 1953 Workers involved Stoppages Duration (calendar days) Number Percent of total All periods — ----- ------ ---- — --------------- 5, 109 100.0 day --2 to 3 days------------ --- — ------- -----------4 days and less than 1 w e e k ----- — ------------1 week and less than V* month (7 to 14 days)------Vz month and less than 1 month (15 to 29 days) ----1 month and less than 2 months (30 to 59 days)----2 months and less than 3 months (60 to 89 days) --3 months and over (90 days and over) ----------- 605 819 719 1,041 880 1 1 .8 16.0 1 628 224 193 14. 1 20.4 17.2 12.3 4.4 3. 8 Number 12 2,380,000 199,000 476, 000 388,000 476,000 312,000 360,000 124,000 44,000 Man-days idle Percent of total Percent of total Number 100.0 228, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 199,000 0.7 3.3 4. 5 10.5 15.2 31. 8 18.9 15. 0 8.4 923,000 1,270,000 2,950,000 4,260,000 8,910,000 5,280,000 4,220,000 20.0 16.3 20.0 13. 1 15. 1 5.2 1.9 See footnote 3, table 1. This figure differs from the total man-days idle shown in preceding tables because this and the next two tables relate to total idleness in all stoppages ending in 1953, including any 1952 idleness in these strikes. 1 2 T A B L E 13.— Method of terminating work stoppages ending in 1953 Number All m e t hods --------------- ------- ----------Agreement of parties reached — Directly------------------------- — --- ----With assistance of Government agencies ------With assistance of non-Government mediators or agencies ------------------------------Terminated without formal settlement-----------Employers discontinued business ---------------Not reported----------------------------------- 1 2 5, 109 Man-days idle Worker's involved Stoppages Method of termination Percent of total 1 0 0 .0 2,442 1, 737 47. 8 34. 0 26 743 46 115 .5 14. 5 .9 2. 3 Number 1 2,380,000 978,000 1,080,000 17,700 290,000 2, 150 16,400 Percent of total Number Percent of total 100.0 228, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 41. 1 45.2 6,610,000 19,300,000 23. 6 68.9 .7 93,100 12.2 .1 1 ,800,000 .3 6.4 .3 .4 87,800 108,000 .7 See footnote 3, table 1 . See footnote 2, table 12. T A B L E 14.— Disposition of issues in work stoppages ending in 1953 Workers involved Stoppages Disposition of issues Number Issues settled or disposed of at termination of stoppage3 ----------------------------------Some or all issues to be adjusted after resumption of work — By direct negotiation between employer and union ----------------- ------------------By negotiation with the aid of Government agencies ---------------------------------By arbitration------------------------------By other means 4 ---- -----------------------Not reported ---------------------------------- 5, 109 100.0 Number 2,380,000 100.0 4, 183 81.9 74.4 536 10.5 415,000 17. 5 42 115 81 152 2.3 1 .6 3. 0 38,800 106, 0 0 0 27,300 2 1 , 600 4.5 1 .1 .9 .8 Man-days idle 1 Percent of total -j o o o o All issues-- ----------------------------------- Percent of total 1.6 Number 2 28,000,000 Percent of total 100.0 23,700,000 84.7 ,2 2 0 ,0 0 0 7.9 339, 0 0 0 1,080,000 402,000 241, 000 3. 8 1. 4 .9 2 1.2 See footnote 3, table 1. See footnote 2, table 12. 3 Includes (a) those strikes in which a settlement was reached on the issues prior to return to work, (b) those in which the parties agreed to utilize the company’s grievance procedure, and (c) any strikes in which the workers returned without formal agreement or settlement. 4 Included in this group are the cases referred to the National or State labor relations boards or other agencies for decisions or elections. 1 2 19 Appendix A TABLE 1.— Work stoppages by specific industry, 1953 Industry Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 Industry All industries ---------------------- 25, 091 2,400,000 28,300,000 M a n u fa c tu r in g -C o n tin u e d M a n u f a c t u r in g . 22 , 612 1, 320,000 15,600,000 312 202,000 1,510,000 130 84 132,000 33,000 522,000 462,000 15 6,400 60,500 Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-----------------------Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products------------------Wooden containers-------------Miscellaneous wood products — 6 660 19,200 17 22 8,670 7,150 174,000 63,300 38 14,200 211,000 291 9 102,000 28,800 1, 690,000 555,000 35 9,540 250,000 Primary metal industries------------Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s -------------------Iron and steel foundries-----------Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals and a llo y s-------------------------------------Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous m etals-------------Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous m etals------------Nonferrous foundries--------------Miscellaneous primary metal industries----------------------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) Tin cans and other tinware-------Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware--------------------Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers* supplies Fabricated structural metal products---------------------------Metal stamping, coating, and engraving-------------------Lighting fixtu res----------------Fabricated wire products---Miscellaneous fabricated metal products----------------- 2 Ordnance and accessories Guns, howitzers, motors, and related equipment---------------Ammunition, except for small arm s---------------------------Tanks and tank components — Sighting and fire-control equipment -------------------------Small arm s----------------------------Ordnance and accessories, not elsewhere classified -------------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus-----Electrical appliances-----------Insulated wire and c a b le -------Electrical equipment for motor vehicles, aircraft, and railway locomotives and cars — Electric lam ps--------------------------Communication equipment and related products --------------Miscellaneous electrical products----------------------------------Machinery (except electrical)-------Engines and turbines Agricultural machinery and tractors---------------------------Construction and mining machinery and equipment----Metalworking machinery---------Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery)----------------------------General industrial machinery and equipment----- •------------------Office and store machines and d evices---------------------------Service-industry and household machines-------------------------------Miscellaneous machinery parts— Transportation equipment-------------Motor vehicles and motorvehicle equipment-------------------Aircraft and parts Ship and boat building and repairing----------Railroad equipment---Motorcycles, bicycles, p arts------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, 2 37 9,590 180,000 99 25,100 283,000 58 6 18 13,500 1,440 5,280 215,000 16,500 38,000 30 8,950 151,000 23 21,400 164,000 1 1,250 24,900 18 1 17,000 1, 300 35,500 94,400 1 1 130 1,460 130 8,690 1 240 710 137 76,600 1, 620,000 56 14 6 30,600 7, 620 2,810 471,000 56, 100 15,300 9 6 7, 180 1,890 156,000 13,700 34 24,200 789,000 12 2,210 118,000 286 9 126, 000 10,100 2, 150,000 157,000 15 15,400 200,000 30 55 9,620 24.600 137,000 416,000 31 8,440 185,000 58 18,300 312,000 9 1,830 59,400 31 48 21,600 16,400 248,000 433,000 179 300,000 2,730,000 101 31 203,000 57,800 781,000 1,350,000 32 14 27,900 11,000 308,000 289,000 2 280 1,710 Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 125 19,800 512,000 13 39 3,590 6,470 105,000 190,000 34 20 19 6,260 1,940 1,510 162,000 19,400 35, 600 Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Office furniture -----Public -building and professional furniture---------Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures---------------------------------Window and door screens, shades and Venetian.blinds — m 99 11 25,100 19,600 2,350 269,000 187,000 32,200 3 270 1,730 17 2,720 47,-400 4 180 670 Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown-------Glass products made of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic---------- Structural clay products -----Pottery and related products Concrete, gyppum, and plaster products Cut-stone and stone products ■ Abrasive, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products---------------- 128 5 19,400 830 316,000 2,330 10 2,320 13,100 9 5 26 17 750 1,330 3,950 3,270 8,410 19,500 68,400 62,500 27 7 2,950 1,150 89,000 19,400 22 2,910 33,500 Textile mill products Yarn and thread mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber) ------------Broad-woven fabric mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber)— Narrow fabrics and other smallwares mills icotton, wool, silk,and synthetic fiber) Knitting m i l l s --------- — Dyeing and finishing textiles (excppt knit goods) —— ------Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings ---- ■ ■ .. Hats (except cloth and millinery) Miscellaneous textile goods----- 88 26, 600 593,000 11 3,660 80,200 21 11,100 116,000 5 17 1,700 2, 870 20,500 129,000 12 3,190 37,700 5 1,270 11,600 3 14 1,650 1,090 190,000 7,870 193 35,600 296,000 10 880 5,640 Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials --------------Men's, youths*, and boys* suits, coats, and overcoats — Men's, youths*, and boys* furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments---------------Women's and misses* outerwear Women's, m isses', children'Sj and infants* undergarments — Millinery Children's and infants* outerwear-----------------------Fur goods---------------------- ---Miscellaneous apparel and accessories —-----------------Miscellaneous fabricated textile products----------- — Leather and leather products Leather: tanned, curried, and finished Boot and shoe cut stock and findings--------------------------Footwear (except rubber)--------Leather gloves and mittens-----Luggage ----------------------------------Handbags and small leather goods Miscellaneous leather goods 35 6,020 49,200 83 22,200 125,000 11 6 1,030 1,060 23,900 13,300 16 2 990 30 6,470 800 55,100 14 1,830 16 1,480 16,100 48 11,900 99,100 9 1,320 7,290 1 26 1 4 70 9, 100 40 790 1, 190 67,600 320 17,300 3 4 490 120 4,630 740 20 TABLE 1. — Wark stoppages by specific industry, 1953 - Continued I n d u s tr y Stoppagesi beginning Man-days idle in '1953 during 1953 Workers Number (all stoppages) involved 1 M a n u f a c t u r in g -C o n t in u e d 213 51 9 98,400 17,000 930 1,210,000 84,200 5, 110 23 22 35 6 37,000 4, 670 6,510 2,340 240.000 58,300 61.400 65.400 10 46 3,590 23,500 63.900 576.000 11 2,830 51.900 T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ---------------------C i g a r s ----------------------------------------------T o b a c c o s te m m i n g a n d r e d r y i n g ----------------- — ... — —------- 4 1 480 80 20,800 3,760 3 400 17,100 P r i n t i n g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s --------- —---------------- -N e w s p a p e r s ------------------------------------B o o k s ------------------------------------------------C o m m e r c i a l p r i n t i n g --------------------L i th o g r a p h i n g — ----- —......-------------B o o k b in d in g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s --------------------------------------S e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s f o r th e p r i n ti n g t r a d e ------------------------------- 45 15,400 222.000 16 4 2 7,860 660 390 115,000 1, 750 6,740 18 5,930 95.400 5 510 3, 650 44 12 1 13 7 21,300 16, 600 320 1,060 350 245.000 187.000 640 15,300 9,810 6 1,470 26, 800 5 1,450 5,560 C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s -------I n d u s t r ia l i n o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s — I n d u s t r ia l o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s -----D ru g s a n d m e d i c i n e s — —-----------S o ap a n d g l y c e r i n , c le a n in g a n d p o lis h in g p r e p a r a t i o n s , a n d s u l fo n a te d o i ls a n d a s s i s t a n t s — P a in ts , v a rn is h e s , la c q u e rs , ja p a n s , and e n a m e ls; in o rg a n ic c o l o r p i g m e n t s , w h itin g , a n d w o o d f i l l e r s ---------------------------------G u m a n d w o o d c h e m i c a l s -----------F e r t i l i z e r s ------------ -------------------------V e g e ta b le a n d a n i m a l o ils a n d f a t s -------------------------- --------------M isc e lla n e o u s c h e m ic a ls , in c lu d in g i n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s a n d p r e p a r a t i o n s ------ 107 9 33 9 36,500 2,500 19,700 7,280 825.000 24, 600 302.000 235.000 7 1,750 109,000 9 10 660 580 690 3,630 39,900 15,000 13 1,340 38,400 14 2,010 57,300 P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o l e u m a n d c o a l -----P e t r o l e u m r e f in i n g - - - - -------------C o k e a n d b y p r o d u c ts --------------------P a v i n g a n d r o o f in g m a t e r i a l s ----M is c e lla n e o u s p ro d u cts of p e t r o l e u m an d c o a l -------------------- 19 9 2 5 2,610 1,420 20 970 105,000 49,600 1,070 52, 600 3 190 1,670 R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------T i r e s a n d i n n e r t u b e s -----------— — R u b b e r f o o t w e a r ----------------------------R e c l a i m e d r u b b e r -------------------------R u bber in d u s trie s , not e l s e w h e r e c l a s s i f i e d ------------------ * 102 72 4 1 141,000 110,000 10,900 380 493.000 337.000 33, 700 3,000 28 19,600 119.000 3 P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c ,a n d controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks -------------------Laboratory, scientific, and engineering instruments (except surgical, medical, a n d d e n t a l ) ----- -------------------------------- Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments---------Optical instruments and le n s e s ------------------ ---- ------ ------Surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies-------Opthalmic goods — ------ -------------- Stoppages beginning _______ in 1953 Number Man-days idle during 1953 involved 1 (all stoppages) W n r lr * » T S M a n u fa c tu r in g -C o n t in u e d ' F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ---------------M e a t p r o d u c t s --------------------------------D a i r y p r o d u c t s ------------------------------C a n n in g an d p r e s e r v i n g f r u i t s , v e g e t a b l e s , a n d s e a fo o d s -------G r a i n - m i l l p r o d u c t s ------ —— ------B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ------- ---------------------S u g a r —------ ----------------- ---------------------C o n fe ctio n e ry and re la te d p r o d u c t s -----------------------------------------B e v e r a g e i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s fo o d p r e p a r a t i o n s a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ------------------ P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ---------------P u lp , p a p e r , an d p a p e rb o a rd m i l l s ---------------------------------------------P a p e r c o a t in g a n d g l a s i n g ----------E n v e lo p e s -----— ------------- -----------— P a p e rb o a rd c o n ta in e rs and b o x e s ------------------------- --------------------P u lp g o o d s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s c o n v e r te d p a p e r p ro d u cts — — Industry 41 11,400 246,000 7 3,920 8 7 .3 0 0 9 3,040 8 1 , 300 5 710 11.300 7 750 370 21,900 5 16, 400 Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks - Continued Photographic equipment and supplies---------------------------------J Watches, clocks, clockworkI operated devices, and parts — [Miscellaneous manufacturing j industries ---------------------------------Jewelry, silverwa.re,and plated w are----------------------------Musical instruments and parts---------------------------------------Toys and sporting and athletic goods --------------------------------------Pens, pencils, and other office and artist*8 m aterials---- ------Costume jewelry, costume novelties, buttons, and miscellaneous notions (except precious metal) ----- ---------------Fabricated plastics products, not elsewhere classified-------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------------------------------- 5 260 4,650 3 2,360 23,500 105 21,000 280,000 4 220 3,290 2 210 8,540 13 3,580 65,800 2 190 7,910 13 2,380 42.300 25 5,490 48,200 46 8,920 104.000 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------- *2,479 1,090,000 12,700,000 Agriculture, forestry, and lishing — Agriculture-----------------------------F is h in g ------------------------------------ 14 4 10 8, 140 1,270 6,870 113.000 25.300 87,700 Mining------------------------------------------M e ta l------------------------------ --------Anthracite--------------------------------Bituminous-coal---------------------— Crude petroleum and natural gas production —---— Nonmetallic and quarrying------- 460 15 24 392 156.000 7,820 14,900 130.000 846.000 255.000 108.000 418.000 3 26 100 2,960 2,060 63,100 Construction-------------------------— *1,039 950 Building----------- ------------------ — — Highways, streets, bridges, 90 docks, e t c .---------------------------— M iscellaneous----------------------- — 1 574.000 520.000 8,000,000 7.200.000 54,000 40 797.000 350 Trade --------------------------------------------W holesale--------------------------------Retail —------------------------------------- 408 205 203 71,200 34.600 36.600 1.050.000 411.000 639.000 Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e ---------------------------------------Real estate--------------------- ---------- 13 13 950 950 21, 600 21,600 372 23 256,000 15,600 2,380,000 198,000 46 27,000 376.000 12 90 37 62 7 33 25 37 1,470 23.700 4,070 81,900 3,830 80.700 13,800 4,210 25,500 210.000 60.700 283.000 30.700 946.000 219.000 34,200 145 14,400 202,000 19 16 19 42,4 0 0 1 5 .100 13.100 22 3,000 1,870 1,3 5 0 50 2 ,250 19 9 2,8 2 0 440 57.2 0 0 2 , 140 1 70 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities------------Railroads------------------------------ — Streetcar and bus transportation (city and suburban)---------------Intercity motorbus transportation------------------------Motortruck transportation -------T a x ica b s-------------------- —---------Water transportation---------------Air transportation------------ —---Communication-----------------------Heat, light, and power-------------Miscellaneous -----------------------Services—personal, bus inessjand other--------- ---------------------------------Hotels and other lodging places---- ----- --------------------------Cleaning, dyeing,and pressing— Barber and beauty shops — ------Business services -------------------Automobile repair services and garages-----— ------------------Amusement and recreation------Medical and other health 3 S Educational services ---------------Miscellaneous--------------------------Government—administra tion, protection, and sanitation3 —----- 1,690 3 7 .2 0 0 13 1,000 20 1 ,420 4 ,920 1 0,700 1 7 ,900 30 6,280 5 3,400 1 Workers are counted more than once in these figures if they were involved in more than one stoppage during the year. This figure is less than the sum of the figures below because a few stoppages extending into two or more industry groups have been counted in this column in each industry group affected; workers involved and man-days idle were divided among the respective groups. Stoppages involving municipally operated utilities are included under "transportation, communication, and other public utilities, " 21 TABLE 2 .— Work stoppages by industry group and major issues, 1953 Industry group and major issues All industries ------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ------------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 — Union organization-------------------Other working conditions--------Interunion or intraunion matters ------------------------------ — Not reported----------------------------- stoppages beginning in 1953 Workers 5,091 2,400,000 28,300,000 2, 825 1,460,000 21, 800,000 202 543 1, 135 45,200 117,000 638,000 1,250,000 935,000 3,560,000 275 111 130,000 13,200 684,000 45,900 All manufacturing industries-------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2,-------------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ,— Union organization -----------------Other working conditions --------Interunion or intraunion matters ---------------------------------Not reported----------------------------- 2, 612 1,320,000 15, 600,000 1,549 745,000 11,200,000 125 250 593 28, 800 77,500 433,000 887,000 636, 000 2,730,000 53 54 24,900 6,400 141,000 26,000 Primary metal industries -------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions---Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported----------------------- 312 202,000 1, 510,000 171 84,800 1,020,000 2 20 117 240 1,780 115,000 2,830 43,000 446,000 1 1 370 200 650 970 Fabricated metal products * -Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 — --------------------Union organization-----------Other working conditions — Interunion or intraunion matters---------------------------Not reported --------------------- 291 102,000 1, 690,000 200 81,400 1,480,000 13 13 56 970 630 18,400 29,500 14,100 152,000 3 6 170 600 4,850 6,860 Ordnance and a c c e sso r ie s-----Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions---Not reported ----------------------- 23 21,400 164,000 12 1 8 2 15,400 400 5,270 330 153,000 400 10,500 490 137 76,600 1, 620,000 84 47,800 1, 090,000 9 8 30 1,720 700 25,000 77,600 17,000 414,000 3 3 430 940 19,200 4, 630 Machinery (except electrical) — Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ------------------------- -Union organization--------------Other working conditions---Interunion or intraunion m a t t e r s ---------------------------Not reported ----------------------- 286 126, 000 2, 150,000 Transportation equipment-------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 —-----------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported------------------------ Electrical machinery, equipment,and supplies---------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization-------------Other working conditions---Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported — -------------------- See footnotes at end of table, 'Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 Man-days idle during 1953 (all stoppages) 196 72,900 1, 660,000 11 15 57 3,310 2,770 45,900 145,000 29,800 293,000 2 5 1,050 400 15,200 1,700 179 300,000 2,730,000 67 96, 800 1,700,000 11 13 81 9,450 54,000 127,000 288,000 113,000 598,000 3 4 11,900 760 27,900 1,580 All manufacturing industries - Continued Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions ---Interunion or intraunion matters------------------- ---------Not reported-----------------------Furniture and fixtures-------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ----------------------- ----Union organization---------------Other working conditions ----Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported-----------------------Stone, clay, and glass products —-----------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------- —-------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------- ---Union organization--------------Other working conditions ---Interunion or intraunion matters —---------- ---------------Not reported-----------------------Textile mill products--------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ----------- ---------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported--------------- —------Apparel, etc. 5 -----------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs------------ ---------------Not reported-----------------------Leather and leather products---Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported---------——— -----Food and kindred products ------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------- -------------— Union organization — ----------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m a tte rs----------------------------Not reported------------------------- 125 19,800 512,000 73 11,500 309,000 4 14 27 320 1,200 6,170 16, 600 11,000 152,000 3 4 370 250 21,800 1,720 134 25, 100 269,000 88 18,500 219,000 10 11 18 1,260 1,280 2,370 21,900 13,100 11,000 3 4 200 1,440 1,880 2,500 128 19,400 316,000 70 10,100 220,000 10 8 34 1,750 370 6,980 33,700 13,100 47,900 4 2 180 120 1,020 200 88 26,600 593,000 37 11,800 219,000 6 15 22 1,250 3,260 8,780 35,900 97,400 235,000 2 6 1,020 490 3, 150 2,870 193 35,600 296, 000 84 23,500 157,000 7 61 23 1,020 3,990 3,840 52,600 57,600 14,000 10 8 2,550 650 13,600 1,250 48 11,900 99,100 27 7,960 80,800 1 6 9 100 870 2,930 1, 300 8,430 8, 140 2 3 40 30 190 240 213 98,400 1,210,000 135 76,700 1,040,000 13 21 38 1,250 3,500 15,600 30,600 62,600 68,000 5 1 1,360 50 7, 730 50 22 TABLE 2 . — Work stoppages by industry group and major issues, 1953 - Continued Industry group and major issues All manufacturing industries - Continued Tobacco manufactures ----------- -Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Paper and allied products -------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions---Interunion or intraunion matters---------------------- --------Printing, publishing, and allied industries —---------- ---- — Wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 --------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m atters-----------------------------Chemicals and allied products---------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ----- ----------- ------;— Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 --------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m atters------------------ ----------Not reported----- -----------------Products of petroleum and c oal-----------------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 -------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----- Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers Number involved 1 (all stoppages) 4 480 20,800 1 80 3,760 3 400 17, 100 45 15,400 222,000 28 9,910 130,000 1 4 9 50 80 2,560 200 52, 300 26, 600 3 2,760 13,200 44 21,300 245.000 31 20, 600 214.000 6 5 1 220 140 290 5,700 9,340 15,800 1 10 20 107 36,500 825.000 71 28,000 594.000 10 9 13 4,250 730 3,280 115,000 36,900 73,200 2 2 80 100 6,300 150 19 2,610 ^ 12 5 2 2,050 310 250 97,400 3,470 4, 100 Rubber products----------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 --------------------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters------------------------------Not reported------------------------ 102 141,000 493,000 63 99,900 353,000 1 35 40 39,100 810 137,000 2 1 2, 110 30 2, 110 360 Instruments, etc. * -----------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 — ----------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m atters------------------------------ 41 11,400 246.000 29 9, 190 192.000 2 4 4 320 740 920 3,290 43, 000 7, 780 2 260 740 105 21,000 280,000 70 16, 500 244, 000 5 890 9, 300 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries--------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. f05, 000 Industry group and major issues All manufacturing industries - Continued Miscellaneous manufacturing industries - Continued Union organization-----------Other working conditions — Interunion or intraunion matters--------------------------Not reported--------------------All nonmanufacturing industries---Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 — Union organization-------------------Other working conditions---------Interunion or intraunion matters ------------- --------------------Not reported----------------------------Agriculture, forestry, and fish in g-------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ------------------------Union organization-----------Other working conditions — Mining--------------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits2 ---------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters-----------------------------Not reported-----------------------Construction---------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 -----------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 -----------------------Union organization-----------Other working conditions — Interunion or intraunion matters---------------------------Not reported------- ------------Trade---------------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------- ----------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters ----------------------------Not reported------------------------ Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers Number involved 1 (all stoppages) 17 9 740 2, 700 10,600 14,400 2 2 100 30 1,300 440 32 ,479 1,090,000 12.700.000 1,289 714.000 10.600.000 77 293 543 16,400 39,600 205.000 358.000 300.000 830.000 222 57 105.000 6,830 543.000 19,900 14 8, 140 113,000 11 6,870 86,600 1 1 1 1,200 60 20 25,200 830 390 460 156,000 846.000 66 15,800 323.000 5 21 320 380 3,510 124,000 9, 130 38, 500 448,000 17 31 6, 650 5,280 14,400 13,000 1,039 574.000 8,000,000 630 449.000 7,330,000 10 112 103 390 18,400 4(1,300 4,280 112,000 158.000 176 8 64,800 860 391.000 2,510 408 71.200 1,050,000 267 56.200 709,000 28 73 20 7,420 3, 320 3, 100 162,000 60,800 98.300 12 8 1,030 140 18.300 1,650 Finance, insurance, and real estate ------------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe 13 950 21,600 Union organization--------------Other working conditions----- 9 2 2 900 30 20 19,900 1, 690 50 ransportation, communication, and other public utilities -------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 ---------------------------- 372 256.000 2.380.000 202 168.000 1.960.000 19 6, 170 133,000 23 TABLE 2.— Work stoppages by industry group and major issues, 1953 - Continued Industry group and major issues All nonmanufacturing industries - Continued Transportation, communication, and other public utilities - Continued Union organization--------------Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion m atte rs----------------------------Not reported-----------------------Services—personal, business, and other--------------------------------Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization-------------— Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 48 83 12,500 36,900 51,800 118,000 15 5 32,000 300 117,000 830 145 14,400 202,000 82 11,000 132,000 13 34 810 1,760 24, 800 33,700 Industry group and major issues All nonmanufacturing industries - Continued Services—personal, business, and other - Continued Other working conditions----Interunion or intraunion matters---------------- --------- ---Not reported-----------------------Government—administration protection, and sanitation ----Wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 3 --------------------------5 4 Union organization, wages, hours, and fringe benefits 2 --------------------------Union organization--------------Other working conditions---- Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 9 420 7,020 2 5 200 220 2,800 1,950 30 6,280 53,400 22 6, 020 52,300 1 2 5 20 50 190 90 220 810 1 Workers are counted more than once in these figured if they were involved in more than one stoppage in the year, 2 "Fringe benefits" has been added to the title only to indicate inclusion of nonwage benefits. No change from previous years in definition or content of these groups is indicated by the change in title. 3 This figure is less than the sum of the figures below because a few stoppages, each affecting more than one industry group, have been counted as separate stoppages in each industry group affected. Workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups. 4 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 5 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 4 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. 24 TABLE 3.—Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Number Workers (all stoppages) involved 1 State and industry group State and Indus -ry group Stoppages beginning in 1953 Workers Number involved 1 Man-days idle during 1953 (all stoppages) 2 110 36,200 289,000 California-Continued Manufacturing ------------------ ---- 52 19,200 227,000 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries----------■ --------------------------- 6 310 2, 640 Primary metal industries ------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) — Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies -------------------------------Machinery (except electrical) ------Transportation equipm ent----------Lumber and wood products —. (except furniture) ----------- —Furniture and fixtures ...... .... Stone, clay, and glass products----Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar m aterials---- — — Paper and allied products------------Printing, publishing, and allied industries------ —----------------Chemicals and allied products------Rubber products- ■ ■ ■ .............. 29 8,200 Nonmanufacturing----------------- 131 117,000 1, 680,000 4 950 11,700 2 1 1 90 1, 100 3,500 2,580 91,300 45,800 3 2 54 29 1,800 440 88,500 3,720 16,300 10,400 1,280,000 97,000 4 2 3 300 210 280 3,400 2, 580 5,850 2 1 190 2,270 6, 190 6,410 2 1 1 80 20 1,930 2,770 240 1,930 A labam a . 46, 10(^ Nonmanufacturing --— ----------- 58 17,000 62,300 Mining -------------------------------------------Construction--------- -------- ... ...... ........ Trade -------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ------------Services— personal, business, and other---- --------------------------------Gove rament— adminis tration, protection, and sanitation ---------- 28 11 4 12,300 3,430 170 27, 600 17,000 4, 140 10 770 10,900 A rkansas ______ ___ Manufacturing — ------ ----------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery,and transportation equipment) ————— Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----------------------Furniture and fixtures —-------- -— Stone, clay, and glass products---Leather and leather products -------Food and kindred products ----------Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks --------— 3 210 1, 680 2 180 1,020 42 11,700 132,000 15 4, 340 74,200 1 40 840 4 3 2 2 2 880 1,510 420 220 170 32* 600 18,300 3,390 550 4,230 1 1, 100 14,300 Nonmanufacturing ----------------Construction ---------- ----------------------Trade----- ---------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities — —------- 27 7,390 ca i no j O|IvU 24 2 4, 130 50 35,500 140 1 3,210 22,500 C alifornia ----------------- *269 210,000 2,960,000 138 93, 100 1,280,000 17 5,360 48,400 Manufacturing — —........... ■ Primary metal industries-------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment), — —---- Ordnance and accessories ---- — Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies-------------------------------Machinery (except electrical) ------Transportation equipment -----------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-----------------------Furniture and fixtures --------------- ■ Stone, clay, and glass products---Textile-mill products -----------------Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials ---------------Leather and leather products -------Food and kindred products ---------Paper and allied products — --------Printing, publishing, and allied industries --------------- ---------Chemicals and allied products ----Products of petroleum and coal ---Rubber products —------- —.............— Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks ---------------- ---- See footnotes at end of table, 21 1 10,800 130 178,000 290 3 9 10 410 4,890 24, 600 1, 630 85,900 631, 000 7 10 4 1 1,410 1, 130 650 30 24, 500 16,000 5,720 170 16 1 19 1 370 40 36,200 680 3,960 380 213,000 18,800 3 3 1 4 30 170 190 5,680 230 24,900 2, 130 18,100 2 30 1,480 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing---------- -----------------------------M in i n g ------------------------------------ ---Construction---------------------------------Trade---------------------- ----------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate-------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s ----------Services— personal, business, and o t h e r ------------ ------------------ ---- 2 170 4,310 28 20,800 237,000 14 1,840 39,300 34 6,550 69,000 Manufacturing----------------------- 9 2,860 19,700 Primary metal industries------------Ordnance and accessories — --------Machinery (except electrical)------Transportation equipment------------Stone, clay, and glass products---Food and kindred products — --------- 1 1 1 1 1 4 90 750 100 30 260 1,630 3,910 1, 500 4,300 880 4, 870 4,210 Nonmanufacturing----------------Mining--------------------------------------- ---Construction-----------------------------Trade ------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ----------Services— personal, business, and other —---- ------------------------------ 25 3 13 4 3,700 570 2,320 290 49,400 23,300 19,500 2,780 4 500 3,750 1 20 50 86 28,800 526, 000 Manufacturing----------------------- 47 17,900 379,000 Primary metal industries------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) ---------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies —— ——------------- ----- Machinery (except electrical) ------Furniture and fix tu r e s ----------------Stone, clay, and glass products---Textile-mill products ---------------:---Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar m aterials---------------Paper and allied products — --------Printing, publishing, and allied industries-------------------------Chemicals and allied piroducts------Rubber products----------------------------Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks —-----------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------------------- ----------------- 3 1, 170 10,500 9 2,280 31, 100 2 6 4 1 5 1, 100 2,230 80 30 2,440 21, 800 61,800 640 530 195,000 2 2 100 440 780 880 2 4 2 40 6,090 450 860 14,900 2,260 2 1,240 -35,500 3 220 2,000 39 16 9 10,900 147,000 5,730 530 91,500 4,400 9 4,060 40,200 Colorado . Connecticut Nonmanufacturing-----------------Construction------------------- —---------Trade--------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s----------Services— personal, business, and other-----------*------------------ -----Florida Manufacturing---------------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) ---- ---Machinery (except electrical)-----Transportation equipment—--------Furniture and fixtures-----------------Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar m aterials--------------Food and kindred prodvicts Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------------------Chemicals and allied products---- 5 590 11,100 75 24,400 217,000 20 5,910 67,100 4 1 3 1 1,960 530 560 60 32,700 2, 160 8,910 2, 160 2 3 2 20 560 940 390 7,750 1,870 1 3 10 1,280 320 10,800 TABLE 3.—Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued State and industry group Stoppages beginning Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers Number involved 1 (all stoppages) Florida-Continued Nonmanufacturing-------------------Agriculture, forestry, and fishing------------------------------------------Construction-----------------------------------T r a d e ------------------------------- ------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ------------Services— personal, business, and other -----------------------------------Government— administration, protection, and sanitation----------Georgia __ 55 18,400 149,000 1 33 5 1,000 15,900 100 3,400 136,000 1, 090 13 1, 180 7, 080 1 no 1, 120 2 150 250 54 13,400 120,000 Manufacturing-------------------------- 15 1,810 33,200 Primary metal industries-------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)----------Transportation equipment--------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-------------------------Furniture and fix tu r e s------------------Stone, clay, and glass products---Textile-mill products----------- ------- — Food and kindred products------------Chemicals and allied products------- 2 80 4,080 2 1 180 470 3,420 1, 670 2 1 1 3 1 2 180 140 20 620 20 110 3,230 3,380 300 16, 100 540 440 Nonmanufacturing----- -------------- 39 11,600 86, 800 Mining ---------------- ------------------Construction------------ -------------- ---- — Trade----------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities--------------Government— administration, protection, and sanitation---- ------- 2 25 5 430 10,300 320 18,600 59,700 1,990 540 6,350 6 State and industry group Stoppages beginning ' Man-days idle in 1953 during 1953 Workers (all stoppages) Number involved 1 Indiana _____________ 2 191 139,000 1,540,000 Manufacturing---------------------- 92 98,800 885,000 Primary metal industries-----------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)--------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies-------------------------------Machinery (except electrical)----Transportation equipment----------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)---------------------Furniture and fixtures — -----------Stone, clay, and glass products — Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials —------------Food and kindred products---------Paper and allied products------------Printing, publishing, and allied in dustries----------------- -----Chemicals and allied products---Rubber products---------------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ----------------------------------- 11 26,400 86,900 14 5, 660 185,000 6 7 13 2, 680 9,350 29,500 51,500 57,600 301,000 2 11 5 70 3,040 370 460 23,000 2, 700 2 6 1 310 1, 330 90 7,280 15,000 270 2 1 11 140 1,300 18,500 1,380 79,400 65,300 Nonmanufacturing----------------M in in g ---------------------------- ----------— Construction--------------------------------Trade------------------------- ----------------Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s ---------Services— personal, business, and oth e r----------------------------------Government— administration, protection, and sanitation--------Iow a _______________ 1 100 7,060 99 40,000 657,000 33 38 11 6, 880 24, 800 500 18,700 361,000 12,300 13 7,410 259,000 3 370 5,220 1 60 1,060 60 21,200 387,000 1 30 150 Manufacturing----------- ------------ 30 12,400 129,000 2316 98,200 1,430,000 1 20 200 Manufacturing-------------------------- 163 60,700 1,060,000 Primary metal industries-------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies--------------------------------Machinery (except electrical)--------Transportation equipm ent------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-------------------------Furniture and fixtures-------------------Stone, clay, and glass products---Textile-mill products----------------- — Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar m aterials----------------Leather and leather products —------Food and kindred products------------Paper and allied products----------- —Printing, publishing, and allied industries--------------------------Chemicals and allied products-------Products of petroleum and coal —— Rubber products------------------------ ---Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and c lo c k s---------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------------------------------------- 18 9,550 185,000 22 11,400 920 3,540 900 70 280 35,700 3,540 4, 190 3,800 280 2, 180 18,200 860 246,000 * 71,200 247,000 10,500 3 1 4 1 1 8 32 6 1 9 280 3,430 850 34,800 7 9 6 3 960 1, 690 920 350 45,200 9,030 16, 600 1,300 Primary metal industries----------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)--------Ordnance and accessories----- —— Machinery (except electrical) —— Transportation equipment------- — Furniture and fixtures-----------------Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials — -----------Food and kindred products------ Printing, publishing, and allied industries------------------------ Chemicals and allied products----Rubber p rod u cts--------- ---------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries----------------------------------- 9 2 12 4 1, 600 1,240 5,370 870 43,500 3,510 29,600 20,700 3 4 2 1 1,050 470 300 910 8,740 5,380 20,400 1, 810 Illinois 12 2,390 75,000 5 460 22,800 Nonmanufacturing------------------ 153 37, 500 363, 000 Mining------------------ ------------------------Construction------ ---------------------- ---Trade-------------------------------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate -----------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities------------Services— personal, business, and other------------------------------------Government— administration, protection, and sanitation---------- 24 72 25 5, 810 23,300 4,990 17,600 254,000 51,800 See footnotes at end of table, 1 330 3,320 22 2, 170 32,500 7 890 3,590 2 100 390 _ 3 5 _ 70 2, 620 37,340 1,420 34,900 1 300 1,500 Nonmanufacturing —------------- 30 8,830 259,000 Construction --------------------------------T rade------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ---- ------- 21 6 7,250 150 217,000 5,290 3 1,430 36,400 Kansas _____ _______ 31 15,400 323,000 Manufacturing ----- —---------------- 11 2, 330 21,000 Machinery (except electrical) ----Transportation equipment ------—— Lumber and wood products (except furniture)---------------- ----- Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials---------------Food and kindred products----------Rubber products--------------------------- 4 2 600 160 5,570 4,080 2 110 1,710 1 1 1 90 70 1,300 2,210 500 6,900 20 13,100 302,000 1 12 3 190 6,890 170 30,800 228,000 290 3 5,820 42,000 1 30 30 Nonmanufacturing---------------Mining--------------------------------------Construction---------------- ------------T r a d e ---------------- ----------------------Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s ----- • — Government— administration, protection, and sanitation------ 26 TABLE 3 .— Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued S ta t e a n d in d u s tr y g r o u p S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 W ork ers N u m ber in v o l v e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 (a ll s to p p a g e s) K e n t u c k y _________________ 1 63 8 5 ,3 0 0 4 2 2 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------- 30 1 2 ,2 0 0 1 3 3 ,0 0 0 F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d tr a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) ----------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s ---------------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) -----------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------------------F u r n it u r e a n d f i x t u r e s --------------------------S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s --------------------------A p p a r e l a n d o th e r f in is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s ----------------------L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s -----------F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ------------ — T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ------------------------P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , a n d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s -----------------------------------C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s --------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m an d c o a l ------P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , an d c o n t r o ll in g i n s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ------------------------------- 4 860 3 3 ,0 0 0 2 4 1 ,5 5 0 3 ,5 1 0 3, 590 4 2 ,3 0 0 1 1 2 1 30 50 390 1 60 680 830 4 ,3 1 0 2 ,8 5 0 3 2 3 3 2 , 630 1 ,4 5 0 180 400 1 4 ,8 0 0 2 ,9 6 0 2 , 110 1 7 , 100 1 1 1 10 210 1 10 1 30 620 550 1 670 7 ,3 7 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------- 1 33 7 3 ,1 0 0 2 8 9 ,0 0 0 M i n i n g -----------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t io n ---------------------------------------------T r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r --------------- -----------------------------------G o v e rn m e n t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c t i o n , a n d s a n i t a t i o n --------------- 63 43 11 2 2 ,5 0 0 4 9 ,2 0 0 450 7 6 ,6 0 0 1 9 3 ,0 0 0 7 , 180 12 670 6 ,2 5 0 3 150 4 ,2 6 0 1 1 90 1 ,6 7 0 L o u i s i a n a ________________ 70 2 3 ,0 0 0 2 8 6 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------- - 21 1 0 ,2 0 0 1 5 2 ,0 0 0 420 400 3 , 1 50 8 ,8 5 0 400 5 , 850 F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) --------------O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ------ -----------L u m b e r and w ood p r o d u c ts ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ----------------------------------S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s ---------------------------F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ------------------P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------------------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m a n d c o a l ------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s -------------------------- ---- ------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------- A g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , an d f i s h i n g -------------------------------------------------------M i n i n g ---------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t io n — --------------—--------- ---------------T r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e --------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r ------------------------------------------------G o v e r n m e nt— a d m in i s t r a t i o n , p r o t e c t i o n , a n d s a n i t a t i o n --------------- 1 1 3 S ta te an d in d u s t r y g r o u p M a r y la n d 560 210 1 ,7 8 0 3 ,0 8 0 250 1 40 3 , 3£0 4 , 760 7 ,8 1 0 6 7 ,9 0 0 4 7 ,8 0 0 3 , 550 1 1 70 1, 5 5 0 49 1 2 ,8 0 0 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 1 1 24 7 1 ,2 0 0 130 8 ,4 8 0 630 2 5 ,2 0 0 2 ,2 5 0 7 3 ,8 0 0 1 3 , 100 S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 W ork ers N um ber in v o lv e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 95 3 (a l l s t o p p a g e s ) - C o n tin u e d P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , an d a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s --------- 1 4 90 220 4 ,0 4 0 5 ,4 4 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------- 21 1 1 ,5 0 0 9 8 ,9 0 0 1 5 2 10 3 , 330 50 20 3 8 ,5 0 0 1 ,2 1 0 11 4 ,7 0 0 1 5 ,9 0 0 2 3 ,4 4 0 4 3 , 300 M i n i n g ---------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------T r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------G o v e rn m en t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c t i o n , an d s a n i t a t i o n -------------M a s s a c h u s e t t s __________ 176 4 6 , 1 00 6 1 8 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------- 1 08 3 2 ,8 0 0 4 8 1 , 000 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ------------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) ---------------O r d n a n c e an d a c c e s s o r i e s ------------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, an d s u p p l i e s ------------------------------------------M a c h in e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t -----------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ----------------------S to n e , c l a y , an d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s --------------------------A p p a r e l an d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s an d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s -------------------- — L e a t h e r an d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s ----------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P a p e r and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , an d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s --------------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , an d c o n t r o ll in g i n s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s -----------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s ------------------------------------------------- 6 1 ,3 8 0 4 4 ,9 0 0 10 1 1 ,7 1 0 1 ,4 6 0 4 2 ,5 0 0 8, 690 6 10 1 2 , 020 6 ,2 1 0 1 40 2 2 ,7 0 0 1 6 4 ,0 0 0 1, 1 50 3 7 3 5 300 2 ,2 0 0 540 1 ,4 8 0 6 ,2 9 0 3 0, 800 2 , 800 3 7 ,4 0 0 17 13 7 1 1 ,5 2 0 2 ,4 3 0 890 270 1 9 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,9 0 0 1 7 ,7 0 0 6 ,7 3 0 1 3 6 10 1 10 8 ,7 9 0 650 2 ,2 4 0 2 1 , 600 1 7 ,9 0 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------- -----2 2 3 4 3 1 i A g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , an d f i s h i n g -----------------------------------------------------M i n i n g ----------------- ------------------------- -------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------T r a d e --------------- ----------------------------------------F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ------------ -------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , an d o t h e r -------------------------------------------- -----G o v e rn m e n t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c t i o n , an d s a r d t a t i o n -------------- 1 1 50 7 1 ,2 4 0 1 3 ,7 0 0 68 1 3 ,3 9 0 1 3 7 ,0 0 0 4 1, 6 2 0 2 , 890 2 , 640 2 8 ,2 0 0 *900 4 2 , 600 2 4 ,6 0 0 29 12 1 50 1, 8 9 0 13 5 ,3 9 0 3 5 , 000 8 640 3, 560 1 20 220 M i c h i g a n ________________ 331 2 9 7 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 10 40 M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------- ------ 256 2 5 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 0 13 2 , 1 80 1 9 ,4 0 0 32 8 ,5 0 0 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 10 180 1 200 200 27 3 7 ,4 3 0 1, 6 0 0 8 1 , 700 1 ,7 4 0 ---------------------------- 2 45 1 9 ,4 0 0 1 9 1 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------- 24 7 ,9 0 0 9 2 ,2 0 0 5 44 60 2 ,7 2 0 2 5 ,6 0 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 3 6 ,0 0 0 3 8 8 ,0 0 0 3 5 9 ,0 0 0 6 6 4 ,4 4 0 6 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 820 930 260 2 4 ,9 0 0 7 ,9 9 0 1 2 ,1 0 0 370 1 2 150 350 750 2 , 160 30 2 1 1 1 4 2 200 80 250 360 1 ,0 7 0 720 2 , 670 450 250 1 , 3 70 3 , 610 1 0 ,2 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s ---------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) -------------O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ----------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, an d s u p p l i e s -------------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ----------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ------------------------S to n e , c l a y , an d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s -------------------------A p p a r e l an d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s an d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s ----------------------L e a t h e r an d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s -----------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P a p e r an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , an d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s --------- M a r y la n d F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c ts , (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) --------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t , a n d s u p p l i e s ---------------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ----------L u m b e r and w ood p r o d u c ts ( e x c e p t f u r n it u r e ) -----------------------------------F u r n it u r e a n d f i x t u r e s ------------------------S to n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t ile -m i ll p ro d u cts ------------------------F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts ----------------- See footnotes at end of table, 9 6 2 1 _ . 7 4 4 ,2 6 0 1, 1 00 680 3 1, 2 0 0 3 4, 300 3 6 ,2 0 0 2 7 790 3 ,9 2 0 2 ,7 9 0 1 2 6 ,0 0 0 27 TABLE 3.—Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued S ta te and in d u s tr y g r o u p S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 95 3 W ork ers N um ber in v o lv e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 ( a ll s t o p p a g e s ) 1 35 250 3 9 ,3 0 0 7 , 500 9 0 ,4 0 0 4 3 ,0 5 0 7 6 ,9 0 0 1 950 11, 300 ------------------------- 75 4 4 ,2 0 0 9 2 5 ,0 0 0 M in in g ---------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n --------------------------------------------T r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l 1 38 13 1 40 4 0 ,1 0 0 350 1 40 8 5 0 ,0 0 0 6 , 600 1 30 1, 6 5 0 16 3 ,0 2 0 5 6 , 300 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s -----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r -------------------------------------------------G o v e r n m e n t — a d m in is t r a t i o n , p r o t e c t i o n , a n d s a n i t a t i o n --------------- 5 470 1 0 ,9 0 0 1 10 40 _______________ 2 70 1 6 ,0 0 0 2 7 2 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------- 31 7 ,2 7 0 1 6 3 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s -----------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) -------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s -------------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ------ — L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------------------F u r n it u r e a n d f i x t u r e s -------------------------S to n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----A p p a r e l an d o th e r f in is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a t e r ia ls ---------------------F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s -----------------P r i n t i n g , p u b lis h in g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ------------------------------------C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s --------P r o f e s s io n a l, s c ie n tific , and c o n t r o ll in g in s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s ------------------------------- 1 180 3, 380 3 400 8 ,2 5 0 3 5 860 900 5 6 ,9 0 0 2 1 ,2 0 0 4 3 1 700 380 70 2 7 , 000 2 , 1 80 750 1 3 2 30 700 1, 8 00 2 , 740 1 ,0 2 0 7 , 1 70 1 3 360 720 1 ,0 3 0 3 0 ,7 0 0 M in n e so ta N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------T r a d e --------------------- --------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s -----------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r -----------------------------------------— M i s s o u r i _______________ 2 200 1, 1 10 39 8 ,6 9 0 1 0 9 ,0 0 0 15 13 3 ,9 2 0 1 ,4 4 0 4 1 , 1 00 1 2 ,7 0 0 8 1 ,9 6 0 2 6 , 700 3 1 ,3 8 0 2 8 , 400 6 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,2 2 0 , 000 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------- 75 2 0 ,9 0 0 2 6 4 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s ------------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) --------------O r d n a n c e and a c c e s s o r i e s ------------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s ---------- -------------- ------------ -----M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ----------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ----------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ---------------------------------F u r n it u r e a n d f ix t u r e s ------------------------S to n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ------A p p a r e l a n d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u c ts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s ---------------------L e a t h e r and le a t h e r p r o d u c t s -----------F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------------P a p e r a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s -------------------P r in t i n g , p u b lis h in g , and a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s -----------------------------------C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s ----------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m an d c o a l ------R ubber p ro d u cts ----------------------------------~ M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s -------------------------------------------------- 2 350 1 4 ,9 0 0 8 1 2 ,8 7 0 240 5 7 ,5 0 0 710 6 5 8 1 ,6 8 0 990 4 ,4 9 0 6 1 ,4 0 0 3 2 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 3 6 1 20 1, 1 20 310 2 ,9 3 0 7 ,4 8 0 7 ,4 2 0 6 4 13 1 710 1 ,7 9 0 5 ,2 1 0 380 3 ,2 6 0 5 ,0 1 0 3 9 ,9 0 0 6, 300 3 2 1 1 260 110 20 50 2 , 590 5 ,3 4 0 1 40 250 2 250 3 ,2 2 0 See footnotes at end of table, N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------- 6f 4 0 ,4 0 0 9 5 5 ,0 0 0 M i n i n g --------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n -------------------------------------------T r a d e ---------------------------- -----------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s --------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , an d o t h e r --------- -------------------------------------- 2 20 21 20 1 9 ,5 0 0 2 ,9 8 0 1 ,5 4 0 7 4 8 ,0 0 0 8 3 ,9 0 0 15 1 7 ,5 0 0 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 7 390 4 ,2 0 0 J e r s e y ___________ *2 63 8 0 , 600 1 ,2 8 0 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------ 172 5 0 ,5 0 0 7 6 1 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ---------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t -------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s ----------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t --------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) -----------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ------------------ — S t o n e , c l a y , an d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s ----------------------A p p a r e l an d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s -------------------L e a t h e r an d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s --------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s -------------P a p e r an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s --------------P r i n t i n g , p u b lis h in g , an d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ------- ------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m an d c o a l -----R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , and c o n t r o ll in g in s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s ---------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s ----------------------------------------------- 9 3 , 130 8 0 ,5 0 0 10 2 ,3 3 0 4 5 ,9 0 0 13 26 4 4 , 890 5 ,4 9 0 4 ,9 3 0 6 5 ,9 0 0 9 7 ,9 0 0 2 0 ,9 0 0 3 7 13 13 1 60 560 1 ,2 4 0 3 ,8 9 0 2 ,0 9 0 5, 850 2 0 ,5 0 0 3 3 ,7 0 0 16 2 9 7 880 200 7 ,7 0 0 1 ,6 1 0 6 ,3 2 0 2 ,4 9 0 8 9 ,2 0 0 1 4 ,0 0 0 2 13 3 8 270 4 ,2 0 0 90 4 ,3 6 0 7 ,5 3 0 1 4 6 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 7 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 N ew 2 390 1 , 1 10 14 4 ,2 3 0 7 0 ,2 0 0 91 3 0 ,0 0 0 5 2 3 ,0 0 0 2 33 23 370 4 ,8 6 0 4 , 540 3 ,7 0 0 5 0 ,5 0 0 5 8 ,9 0 0 29 2 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 9 ,0 0 0 4 270 1 ,2 8 0 1 40 1 10 ____________ 2 585 2 0 8 , 000 3 ,0 7 0 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------- - 364 1 0 5 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 9 0 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ---------------F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p ro d u c ts (e x c ep t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) -----------O r d n a n c e an d a c c e s s o r i e s -------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s ---------- -------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ---------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ------------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ---------------------S to n e , c l a y , an d g l a s s p r o d u c t s — T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s ------------------------A p p a r e l an d o th e r f in is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s an d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s -------------------L e a t h e r an d le a t h e r p r o d u c t s --------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s -------------P a p e r an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s --------------P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ----------------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s -----P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m a n d c o a l — R u b b e r p r o d u c t s -------------------- ----------------P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , an d c o n t r o ll i n g in s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s --------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s -------------------- --------------------------- 26 1 6 ,5 0 0 1 2 8 ,0 0 0 29 4 5 ,2 9 0 940 7 2 ,0 0 0 9 7 ,2 0 0 36 25 26 2 0 , 500 3 ,6 7 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 6 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 2 9 ,0 0 0 3 5 2 ,0 0 0 6 23 8 21 970 3 ,3 9 0 2 ,0 2 0 1 ,3 1 0 8 ,4 3 0 4 4 ,5 0 0 2 5 ,7 0 0 1 7 ,3 0 0 50 8 31 9 3 , 158 2 ,2 2 0 5 ,3 0 0 1 ,6 5 0 2 2 , 700 3 3 , 100 7 5 ,2 0 0 1 5 ,3 0 0 9 12 2 2 1 6 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 580 410 1 4 0 ,0 0 0 7 9 ,3 0 0 3 0 ,3 0 0 3 ,3 6 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------M i n i n g --------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n -----------------------------------------T r a d e ------------------------------- ------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ---------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , an d o t h e r -------------------------------------------— G o v e rn m en t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c t i o n , an d s a n i t a t i o n -----------N ew 2 1 40 S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g ' M a n - d a y s id le in 1 9 5 3 d u r in g 1 9 5 3 W ork ers (a ll sto p p a g e s) N um ber in v o l v e d 1 M i s s o u r i - C o n tin u e d M ic h ig a n - C o n tin u e d P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and c o a l --------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------P r o f e s s io n a l, s c ie n tific , and c o n t r o ll in g in s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g r a p h ic and o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s ------------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g S ta te an d in d u s t r y g r o u p Y ork 9 1 ,2 9 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 29 2 ,7 7 0 3 1 ,9 0 0 28 TABLE 3. —Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued S t a t e a n d in d u s t r y g r o u p N ew S to p p a g e s L e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 W ork ers N u m ber in v o lv e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 (a l l s t o p p a g e s ) Y o r k - C o n tin u e d N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------A g r ic u lt u r e , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h i n g --------------------------------------------------------M in in g --------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t io n -------- ;... — - ................... T r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e , -------------- --------------------------------------— T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r ----------------- »■ -------- ----------------G o v e rn m en t— a d m in is tr a tio n , p r o t e c t i o n , a n d s a n i t a t i o n ----------------N o rth C a r o l i n a _____________ M a n u fa c tu rin g -----------------— ----------- F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , and -------------t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t) E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t , a n d s u p p li e s ---------------- - — ■— --------------M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ----------L u m b e r and w ood p r o d u c ts ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ; -------------------------------- -F u r n it u r e a n d f i x t u r e s ------------------------T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s --------------------------P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s - ------------- C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s --------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------- -- 221 1 1 54 63 1 0 4 ,0 0 0 9 7 9 ,0 0 0 10 510 1 2 ,5 0 0 2 8 , 600 20 1 3 ,7 0 0 2 0 8 ,0 0 0 3 2 1 ,0 0 0 4 230 6 ,6 6 0 68 6 1 ,4 0 0 3 9 9 ,0 0 0 28 1, 6 1 0 2 9 ,6 0 0 2 40 1 ,0 0 0 25 1 0 ,1 0 0 1 9 6 ,0 0 0 17 9 ,0 3 0 1 8 7 ,0 0 0 2 390 4 ,0 5 0 1 2 4 ,5 6 0 50 1 0 5 ,0 0 0 2 ,8 5 0 2 1 6 1 550 1 60 2 , 620 20 40 640 6 ,3 0 0 4 , 1 60 6 2 ,1 0 0 200 250 1 ,2 8 0 1 1 ............................ 8 1 ,0 3 0 8 ,9 1 0 M i n i n g - ---------------- --------------------- —---------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ------------------- 2 5 430 490 2 ,5 9 0 4 ,0 5 0 N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g O h io M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------- -------- - P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ------------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) ---------------O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ------------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s --------------------------------- — ------M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------- T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t ----------- ------L u m b e r and w ood p r o d u c ts ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ---------------- -----------------F u r n it u r e a n d f i x t u r e s ------------------------- S to n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s - — T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s —-------------------------A p p a r e l a n d o th e r f in is h e d p ro d u c ts m a d e f r o m fa b r ic s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s —------- ------------ F o o d and J dndrcd products *— --- P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------------------P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , a n d a l l i e d I n d u s t r i : s -----------------------------------C h e m i c a l s a n d . i l i e d p r o d u c t s ----------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m a n d c o a l -----R u b b e r p r o d u c t s - ---------------------- ----------- -— P r o fe s s io n a l, s c ie n tific , and c o n t r o ll in g i n s t r u m e n t s ; p h o to g ra p h ic and o p tic a l g o o d s; w a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ----------------------- -------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g in d u s tr ie s ---------------— -----------— --------— N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------— -------------- A g r ic u lt u r e , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h i n g ------------------------------------------------------M i n i n g ----------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t io n --------------------- — ------------------T rade ---------------------------------------------------- -----F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e --------- ----------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s — ----------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r ------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, 1 1 10 2 ,2 7 0 *518 218* 000 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 308 1 7 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 3 0 ,0 0 0 7-3 3 4 , 1 00 S ta te an d in d u s t r y g r o u p N u m ber 53 1 8 ,4 0 0 2 5 5 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------- 12 2 ,3 2 0 2 4 ,9 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ------------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) --------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ----------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ------------------------------S to n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s —— P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ----------------------------------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m an d c o a l ------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ------------------------- -------------- 2 250 900 2 2 240 280 2 ,2 0 0 1 2 2 60 90 1, 5 6 0 560 1 1 1 40 1 ,0 6 0 1 ,4 8 0 3 ,7 4 0 5 ,2 9 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------- 41 16,000 2 3 0 .0 0 0 28 5 720 7 ,0 8 0 1 30 1 1 7 .0 0 0 4 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,5 9 0 6 8, 100 6 9 ,5 0 0 1 20 990 49 10,200 1 2 9 .0 0 0 28 7 ,9 8 0 111,000 3 1 ,2 9 0 8 , 480 3 M i n i n g — — --------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ----------- :--------------------------------T rade ------------ ---------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , an d o t h e r ------------------------------------------------O r e g o n ________________ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------- 1 no 9 , 1 40 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ----------------F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u cts (e x cep t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) -------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ------------------L u m b e r and w o o d p ro d u cts ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------- ----------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s --------------- 2 540 3 ,2 3 0 8, 670 2 9 ,0 0 0 16 4 2 ,3 7 0 550 6 0 .7 0 0 3 ,9 9 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 21 2 , 1 80 1 7 .7 0 0 5 10 330 1, 630 5, 890 9 ,4 1 0 5 210 2 ,2 2 0 1 20 160 C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------T r a d e ------------------- ------------------------------ *--------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r ----------------- ------------------------------- 2 6 3 ,0 0 0 43 7 19,100 9 ,0 4 0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 2 3 , 000 16 40 11 6 , 1 60 16, 000 2 5 ,3 0 0 101, 000 3 2 9 ,0 0 0 5 6 9 ,0 0 0 4 13 20 1 340 5 ,3 9 0 3 ,0 6 0 1 ,0 0 0 850 4 9 ,2 0 0 9 5 ,4 0 0 3, 000 5 15 3 1 ,2 8 0 1 ,9 2 0 1 ,6 9 0 2 3 , 300 1 3 ,2 0 0 1 7 ,7 0 0 5 11 2 25 320 940 340 3 9 ,2 0 0 5 ,4 5 0 1 4 ,1 0 0 2 6 ,8 0 0 1 5 2 ,0 0 0 670 i n v o lv e d 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) O k l a h o m a _____________ P e n n s y lv a n ia 2 S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g _________ in 1 9 5 3 _________ 1, 5 5 0 13 3 ,7 7 0 2 8 ,2 0 0 210 4 8 ,0 0 0 5 6 5 , 000 2 25 1 12 31 50 5 ,0 9 0 3 6 ,4 0 0 2 ,3 3 0 1 50 3 7 ,2 0 0 4 4 2 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 2 90 3, 570 27 2 , 720 3 4 ,6 0 0 11 1, 3 1 0 1 8 ,1 0 0 __________ *632 3 1 8 .0 0 0 2 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------- 364 189.000 1 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0 45 6 7 ,2 0 0 2 6 2 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ----------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) — — — E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, an d s u p p l i e s -------------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ----------------L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n it u r e ) — ---------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ------------ — -------S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s -----T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s ------------------------ — A p p a r e l a n d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s an d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s —--------------- — L e a t h e r an d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s ------— F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s --------— T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ------------------------P a p e r an d a l li e d p r o d u c t s ------- — -----P r i n t i n g , p u b l is h in g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------------C h e m i c a l s an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and c o a l —— R u bber p ro d u cts ----------------------------------P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , an d c o n t r o ll in g in s t r u m e n t , 3 ; p h o to g r a p h ic an d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s an d c l o c k s ---------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s ----------------------------------------------— 52 1 0 ,7 0 0 1 7 6 .0 0 0 21 2 1 ,3 0 0 37 16,200 16 1 9 ,8 0 0 1 5 1 .0 0 0 1 85, 000 1 5 0 .0 0 0 7 1,020 7 ,2 1 0 16 1 ,5 8 0 19,200 28 17 6, 110 7 5 , 500 1 4 8 .0 0 0 46 3 32 1 9 ,5 0 0 420 1 80 490 1 1 3 .0 0 0 2 , 570 7 0 ,8 0 0 3, 760 8, 740 320 5 ,3 3 0 470 2 , 750 660 1 9 2 .0 0 0 8 ,3 1 0 7 ,8 8 0 3 1 17 4 4 5 ,5 5 0 6,2 9 0 4 250 2 ,7 2 0 12 3 ,7 2 0 3 9 ,3 0 0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------- 268 129,000 1 ,3 7 0 ,0 0 0 M in in g — ------------------------------------------------ ------C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------------------T r a d e ----------- ----------- -------- ---------------------------F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ---------------------------------- -— -------------- 101 61 4 7 ,9 0 0 3 9 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 200 ,0 0 0 60 190 44 1 7 7 3 , 000 2 1 6 ,0 0 0 29 TABLE 3.— Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued Stoppages beginning in 1953 W o rk ers N um ber involved 1 State and industry group P e n n s y lv a n ia - Is la n d __________ - 41 2 9 ,4 0 0 162,000 15 830 1 1 ,8 0 0 5 1 ,3 9 0 3 ,0 2 0 2 37 1 1 ,2 0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 0 16 8 ,3 6 0 1 0 8 .0 0 0 P r o fe s s io n a l, sc ie n tific , and controllin g in stru m en ts; photographic and op tical good s; w atches and c lo c k s ---------------------M isc ella n e o u s m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s ---------------------------------- — Nonm anufacturing M a n u f a c t u r in g ------ -------------------P r im a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s --------- — F ab ricate d m e ta l products (except ordnance, m ac h in ery , and transp ortation e q u i p m e n t ) ---------E le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y , equipm ent, and s u p p lie s ------------ ------------------------T e x tile -m ill p r o d u c t s ----------------------A p p are l and other finished products m ad e fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls -----------— — Rubber p ro d u c ts-----------------— M isc ella n e o u s m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s -------- ---------------------------------- 1 60 4 , 420 2 1 ,0 8 0 86, 100 3 3 1 ,5 2 0 710 2 ,9 3 0 3 ,4 1 0 1 4 150 4 ,7 0 0 300 9 ,4 2 0 3 150 1 ,3 7 0 -------------- - 21 2 ,8 7 0 2 5 , 600 C onstruction ----------------- ----------------T r a d e ---------- ------------------------------------Tran sportation , com m u nication, and other public u tilities -------S e r v ic e s— p e r so n a l, b u sin e ss, and o t h e r ----- ----- — --------------■ ------Governm ent— ad m in istration , p rote ction , and s a n it a t io n -------- 10 3 790 50 10,100 5 1 ,8 6 0 1 4 ,7 0 0 1 10 10 2 160 160 T e n n e s s e e _________ _ Nonm anufacturing Stoppages beginning in 1953 W orkers N u m ber in volved 1 State and industry group M a n -d a y s idle during 1953 (a ll stopp ages) T e x a s - C o n tin u e d C o n tin u e d T ran sportation, com m u nication, and other public u t i l i t i e s -------------S e r v ic e s— p e r so n a l, b u sin e ss, and o t h e r -----------------------------------------G overnm ent— ad m in istration , p rote ction , and sanitation ----------Rhode M a n -d a y s idle during 1953 (all stopp ages) —— *50 2 29 0 2 ,8 6 0 ----- 61 4 4 ,7 0 0 5 3 0 ,0 0 0 M ining ------------ --------- --------------- ------C onstruction -— ------ ----------------------T rad e ■■ -------------- ------ ----- ------------T ran sportation, com m u nication, and other public u tilitie s ---------S e r v ic e s — p e r so n a l, b u s in e s s , and other —— ---- --------------------G overnm ent— a d m in istration , p rote ction , and sanitation -------- 1 40 5 50 2 0 ,1 0 0 620 950 3 3 2 ,0 0 0 1 9 .1 6 0 12 2 3 ,6 0 0 17 5, 000 2 200 2 ,8 4 0 1 90 180 U ta h 39 2 3 ,4 0 0 2 4 6 ,0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------- 15 4 , 560 2 1 ,9 0 0 P r im a r y m e ta l in du stries ........... . F a b ric a te d m e ta l produ cts (except ordnance, m a c h in ery , and transp ortation equipm ent) - ............. Stone, c la y , and gla ss produ cts — 10 3 ,8 1 0 1 5 ,3 0 0 4 1 680 80 5 ,7 4 0 800 24 18, 800 2 2 4 ,0 0 0 15 6 2 1 *3 5 0 1 0 ,4 0 0 20 9 2 ,8 0 0 1 3 1 ,0 0 0 20 0 ________________ 670 2 125 6 5 ,5 0 0 6 0 5 .0 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------- 52 2 0 ,8 0 0 2 4 7 .0 0 0 P r im a r y m e ta l in du stries -------------F ab ricate d m e tal products (except ordnance, m ac h in ery , and transp ortation e q u ip m e n t )----------E le c tr ic a l m a c h in ery , equipm ent, and s u p p l i e s ------------------------------ ----M ach in ery (except e le c tr ic a l) ------L u m b er and wood products (except furn itu re) ——------ --------------Fu rniture and f i x t u r e s -------------------Stone, clay, and g la ss produ cts — T e x t ile -m ill p r o d u c t s ----------------— A p p a re l and other finished produ cts m ad e fr o m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a t e r i a l s ----- —---------F ood and kindred products — -------P ap er and allie d p r o d u c t s ------------P rin tin g, publish ing, and allie d i n d u s t r ie s ------------------- -------- — C h e m ic als and a llied p r o d u c t s -----Rubber p r o d u c t s --------------------------------- 5 1 ,3 9 0 14, 600 7 1 ,2 2 0 2 8 ,6 0 0 l 5 10 2 ,6 1 0 390 8 ,7 9 0 6 1 6 2 780 330 540 670 5 7 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 5 0 1 7 ,6 0 0 3 7 ,8 0 0 5 5 1, 690 520 8 ,8 7 0 1 7 ,9 0 0 * 2 ,7 7 0 1 6 2 120 6 ,0 6 0 4 , 820 370 3 5 , 100 1 3 ,8 0 0 N oam annfactur i n g ................ M ining ---------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t io n --------------------------- ---------T rad e -------------------------------------------------Governm ent— a d m in istration , p r ote ction , and sanitation —...------ 1 30 200 65 2 4 ,9 0 0 1 5 7 ,0 0 0 9 960 1 2 ,7 0 0 1 n o 1 ,8 2 0 l 3 1 2 1 10 630 40 80 90 10 8 ,9 4 0 110 1 ,7 5 0 90 ..- ..........- ... — ■ 56 2 4 , 00U 1 4 5 ,0 0 0 M in in g -------------------------------- -----------------------........................................ C o n s t r u c t io n T r a d e ................... .............................. ................. T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s -------------S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r ------------------------------------------------- 24 17 3 9 ,0 3 0 4 ,4 1 0 230 1 9 ,1 0 0 8 1 ,8 0 0 690 10 1 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,2 0 0 2 280 2 ,9 4 0 *66 4 6 , 000 5 8 1 ,0 0 0 — ------------ ---— .... 29 2 2 ,8 0 0 4 3 4 ,0 0 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s --------- ------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d tr a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) -------------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t ---------------— 3 8 ,5 6 0 1 1 1 ,0 0 0 2 4 1 ,6 0 0 6 ,4 5 0 2 8 , ZOO 1 0 8 ,0 0 0 16 1 3 4 , 840 100 580 1 3 5 ,0 0 0 6 ,6 0 0 2 ,1 6 0 1 1 700 10 4 5 ,5 0 0 26 0 V irg in ia M anufacturing ----------------------— F a b ric ate d m e ta l p rodu cts (except ordnan ce, m a c h in e r y , and transp ortation equipm ent) ... L u m b er and wood products (except furniture) ----- --------------------Fu rn itu re and fixtu res -----------—------T e x t ile -m ill products ----------------------Food and kindred produ cts —»--------- ■ C h e m ic a ls and a llied products ------ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------- 73 4 4 ,7 0 0 3 5 8 .0 0 0 M in in g ------------------------------ ------------ — C o n s t r u c t i o n ----------------------------- ----T r a d e -------------------------------- ----------— Tran sportation , com m u nication, and other public u t i l i t i e s ---------S e r v ic e s— p e r so n a l, b u sin e ss, and o t h e r ------ — ---------------------- ----- 14 36 9 2 ,3 2 0 3 8 ,0 0 0 410 1 0 ,5 0 0 3 3 0 .0 0 0 4 , 170 13 3 , 680 1 2 ,4 0 0 1 310 1 ,5 4 0 , , W a s h in g to n M a n u fa c tu r in g , Lumber and wood products ---------------------------- 89 5 8 , 100 6 68 .000 M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------- --------------- 28 1 3 ,4 0 0 1 3 8 ,0 0 0 P r im a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s ---------------F ab ricate d m e ta l products (except ordnance, m ach in ery , and transportation e q u i p m e n t ) -----------Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ------------- — M achin ery (except e l e c t r i c a l ) --------Tran sportation e q u ip m e n t ---------------Lu m ber and wood products (except fu r n itu r e )------------- ------ —— — Stone, c la y , and g la ss p r o d u c t s ----Food and kindred products — ----------C h em icals and a llied p r o d u c t s -------- 3 830 6, 820 4 1 2 ,0 1 0 1 ,2 5 0 3 ,5 8 0 3 ,7 5 0 3 9 ,4 0 0 2 4 ,9 6 0 8 ,8 3 0 2 0 ,6 0 0 T exas See footnotes at end of table, 3 3 1 2 5 4 60 60 770 850 600 1 ,3 7 0 1 4 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 (e x c e p t fu r n it u r e ) - ................... ............. F u r n it u r e a n d f ix t u r e s - — ---------- --F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ---------------P r i n t i n g , p u b lis h in g , an d a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ------------- ----------- —— R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ----------------------— ———— ------ 37 23 ,2 0 0 1 4 7 ,0 0 0 A g r ic u ltu r e , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h i n g .................... ■'■— — -— M ining —— — -----------------------C onstruction -———---------- — T rad e ------ ------- — -------------- 1 1 20 11 2 ,2 0 0 40 1 8 ,8 0 0 1 ,6 5 0 3 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 7 8 ,8 0 0 2 5 ,7 0 0 Nonmanufacturing 30 TABLE 3.— Work stoppages in States having 25 or more stoppages by industry group, 1953 - Continued S ta te a n d in d u s t r y g r o u p S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 W ork ers N u m ber in v o lv e d 1 M a n - d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) W est 380 1 130 2 , 640 165 4 9 ,5 0 0 3 4 7 ,0 0 0 - ......—--- -------------- 27 7 ,6 7 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 950 9 ,3 9 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c ts (e x c ep t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t) -------------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t , a n d s u p p li e s -------------------------- — . . . . . M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) --------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t ■■— L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts ( e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) --------------------------------S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s — A p p a r e l a n d o th e r f in is h e d p rod u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s a n d s im ila r m a te r ia ls ................ C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s -------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s — —— — — —— —— —— N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g M in in g — - ■■■■■— ■.... . . . . . C o n s t r u c t io n —........ ■■■ ■ > ......................... T r a d e -----------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , C o m m u n ic a tio n ,. a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .. S e r v i c e s — ■ p e r s o n a l, b u s i n e s s , an d o th e r ------------------------ 1 M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g 1 9 5 3 ( a ll s t o p p a g e s ) 1 00 3 0 ,3 0 0 7 7 1 ,0 0 0 46 2 2 ,5 0 0 6 8 2 ,0 0 0 4 850 3 ,8 4 0 6 2 ,7 3 0 3 9 ,7 0 0 3 8 3 1 ,0 8 0 1 ,4 4 0 3 ,4 4 0 8 6 ,7 0 0 2 2 ,9 0 0 8 6 ,4 0 0 3 2 280 120 8 , 1 30 540 4 , 090 _________ V irg in ia M a n u fa c tu rin g M a n u fa c tu r in g • 3 S to p p a g e s b e g in n in g in 1 9 5 3 W ork ers in v o lv e d 1 N um ber W isc o n sin W a s h in g to n -C o n tin u e d T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ----------------S e r v id es— p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o t h e r — - ....................... — ------------ S ta te an d in d u s t r y g r o u p 6 1 ,6 0 0 1 3 ,7 0 0 2 3 2 1 ,2 5 0 540 600 6 ,0 7 0 7 ,8 2 0 3 ,2 9 0 1 6 50 470 470 3 ,9 2 0 1 2 280 970 2 ,2 0 0 2 0 ,9 0 0 1 960 3 2 ,7 0 0 138 4 1 ,8 0 0 2 4 6 ,0 0 0 104 19 3 3 0 ,2 0 0 2 .9 1 0 1 40 1 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,7 7 0 9 3 , 1 10 1 7 ,5 0 0 3 520 1 ,3 4 0 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s -----------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h i n e r y , an d t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ) -----------E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p l i e s ----------------------------------------M a c h i n e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ------T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t --------- -— L u m b e r an d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) -----------------------------F u r n it u r e an d f i x t u r e s ----------------------A p p a r e l an d o th e r f in is h e d p ro d u cts m a d e fr o m fa b r ic s a n d s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s -------------------L e a t h e r an d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s --------;-----------------------------------------F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s -------------P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ----------------R u b b e r p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s ----------------------------------------------- N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ■ M i n i n g ------------C o n s t r u c t io n ■ T r a d e -------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s S e r v ic e s — p e r s o n a l, b u s in e s s , a n d o th e r G o v e r n m e n l— «a d m in is t r a t io n , p r o t e c t i o n , a n d s a n it a t io n — 1 140 270 7 5 1 2 1 ,0 2 0 7 ,6 4 0 60 3 ,6 8 0 1 8 ,5 0 0 4 0 8 ,0 0 0 260 6 ,5 3 0 1 20 90 54 7 ,8 3 0 8 8 ,5 0 0 1 23 9 300 3 ,8 9 0 870 1 ,7 8 0 4 0 , 400 1 9 ,5 0 0 12 1 ,9 3 0 2 2 ,7 0 0 7 790 3 ,7 7 0 2 60 300 W o r k e r s a r e c o u n t e d m o r e th a n o n c e in t h e s e f i g u r e s i f t h e y w e r e in v o lv e d in m o r e th an o n e s to p p a g e d u r in g th e y e a r . * T h i s f i g u r e i s l e s s th a n th e s u m o f th e f i g u r e s b e l o w b e c a u s e a fe w s t o p p a g e s e x te n d in g in to tw o o r m o r e in d u s t r y g r o u p s h a v e b e e n c o u n te d in t h is c o lu m n in e a c h in d u s t r y g r o u p a f f e c t e d ; w o r k e r s in v o l v e d a n d m a n - d a y s id l e w e r e d iv id e d a m o n g th e r e s p e c t i v e g r o u p s . * I d l e n e s s in 1 9 5 3 r e s u l t i n g f r o m s to p p a g e s w h ic h b e g a n in th e p r e c e d in g y e a r . 31 A pp en d ix nNational E m erg e n c y " Dispute - E ast Coast Long shorem en1s Strike The ’‘national e m e rg e n c y "8 strike provisions of the Labor Management R ela tions (T aft-H artley) A ct w ere invoked by P resident Eisenhower in early October 1953 when he appointed a board of inquiry in the strike of about 30, 000 longshorem en in North Atlantic ports fro m Maine to V i r g in ia .9 The work stoppage had begun on October 1 after the New Y ork Shipping A s s o ciation and the International L o n g sh o re m en ^ A sso cia tio n (Ind. ) failed to agree on a new contract to replace the one that expired on Septem ber 3 0 . 10 T his union, expelled fro m the A F L on Septem ber 22 on charges of corruption, was contending with the newly chartered International Longshoremen* s A sso cia tio n (A F L ) for representation o f longshorem en on the E a st C o a st. Some lo c a ls in the New Y o rk -N e w Jersey area seceded fro m the old organization and received charters in the A F L a ffilia t e .11 P resident Eisenhow er appointed a board of inquiry to investigate and report on the is su e s in dispute. The board*s m e m 8 as L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t "n a tio n a l s p e c ifie d as in em erg en cy " th e im p e r ilin g and (2 ) t h o s e A ct "w h ic h in te r s ta te p r iv e L a bor th e d e s ig n a te d th re a te n s e c t io n under th e of a d egree th e cou n try em ergen cy liz e d . p ro ce d u res T h ese p r o v is io n s p r e v io u s o c c a s io n s : d is p u te th e ic a n at n a t io n w id e n o n fe r r o u s lo n g e d 1948, See 1 9 4 9 -5 0 in 7 B LS m ent 1952 of D is p u t e s R e la tio n s (S e r ie s N o. 2) fo r u s u a lly in C oast p o rts. 11 T h e a c t io n N ew Y ork w a te rfro n t le d and N ew to of th e C r im e le g is la t io n to u ti on 10 in v o lv e d th e th e w it h L a b or 12 oth er in th e p r o d is p u te ; The tem p orary order was later e x tended until O ctober 20 when it was super seded by the full 8 0 -d a y injunction in effect through D ecem ber 2 4 . The injunction was broadened to include the rival L on gsh ore men* s Union (A F L ) on the ground that this union was a party to the original dispute and was involved in the collective bargaining situation with the sam e e m p loy e rs. and in s tr ik e s . "N a tio n a l M an age 1 9 4 7 -J u n e _3 0 , d is c u s s io n of Y ork The and p a ttern fo r con oth er A F L had C o m m is s io n w h ic h by th e r e g u la te Digitized o t h efor r FRASER c o n d it io n s in th e P ort began S ta tes h ir in g of grow n out in q u ir y in of la te N ew 1951 Y ork p roced u res N ew Y ork . and C o m m is s io n (in N ew L aw s of 1953, and 202 of th e L aw s of 1953) w ere to a com p act ap p roved T h ese ta in th e new w h ic h w ork ers and In d u stry h ir in g as of "T h e a re to P r e s id e n t, be of and am ong 1, D is p u t e and ch . b oth w as S ta tes. S ta tes, r e q u ir e w it h th e s tip u la te oth er b ic e r th in g s , 1953. I n v o lv in g O c c u p a t io n s 4, w h ic h h ir in g , r e g is te r e d m eth od s, A tla n tic in N ew pu rsu an t U n it e d id e n t ic a l D ecem b er D ecem b er S ta tes th e C o m m is s io n , L a bor th e of 882 J ersey , a d o p te d tw o of ch s. in N e w m eth od A s s o c ia te d on th e C on g ress shapeu p W a te r fr o n t 13 m en th e la w s , o u tla w S ta te b etw een by A cts Y ork , th e of in to J e rse y of w a te rfr o n t A s s o c ia tio n W a te r fr o n t N ew 883 e ffe c tiv e c o n d itio n s J e rse y 1950, fu r th e r e s ta b lis h e d w h ic h and S top p a g es, U nder in w ere c o n n e c tio n (T a ft-H a r tle y ) A c t , 5, 1953 cop p er w h ic h W ork d e th e A m e r in s itu a t io n s p r i o r t o 1953. 10 T h e N e w Y o r k S h ip p in g E ast and 4 to e s s e n t ia l p la n t o f b it u m in o u s -c o a l s itu a t io n s , of p r o lo n g e d 1951, c o m p a n ie s ; in te rr u p t as th e a ffe c tin g p u b lic a tio n tra ct h as th e s t r ik e Y ., L a bor in v o k e d in A ct s a fe t y ," to act been 1952, in in th e had N . C o .; m e t a ls E m erg en cy " a ll D u n k ir k , L o c o m o tiv e th e In of Following this report, a 10-day court restrain ing order against a strike by the International L ongshorem en ^ A sso cia tio n (Ind.) was obtained by the Attorney G en eral; thereupon, the union instructed its m em b e rs to return to work on O ctober 6. th o se R a ilw a y su ch tr a n s p o r ta tio n s e r v ic e ." 9 T h is w a s th e o n ly d is p u te th e and s u b s t a n t ia lly to (1 ) R e la tio n s h e a lth b e rs were David L . C o le , fo rm e r director of the F ed eral Mediation and Conciliation S erv ice; Henry J. C arm an, dean em eritu s of Colum bia C ollege at Colum bia U n iversity; and Father Dennis J. C om ey, director of the Institute of Industrial R elations at St. Joseph’ s C ollege in Philadelphia. The report of the B oard, submitted to the P resident on October 5, stated that the im pact of the stoppage was "e x tr e m e ly s e r io u s " and that the chances of getting the men back to work through collective bargaining were rem ote. The board reported to the P resident that w ages, work guarantees, arbitration, hiring p ra c tic e s, and union security were the m ajor is s u e s in dispute. Resolution of these is s u e s , the board noted, was com plicated by State laws governing dock labor p r a c t ic e s ,12 and the m em bership drive of the newly ch ar tered IL A (A F L ). This situation caused the board to rem ark ; "T h e two m ost sensitive points in this dispute are those relating to hiring p ra ctices and union r e p r e s e n ta tio n ."13 d e s ig n a te d a re M anagem ent "n a tio n a l co m m e rce any d is p u te s d is p u te s B in C o a st, " 1953, p . L on g sh ore th e M a r itim e R ep ort 15. to th e 32 The A F L L o n g sh o re m en ^ Union submitted a petition to the National Labor R elations Board for a representation e le c tion. E ffo rts of the N LR B to expedite the election proceedings w ere hindered as both unions refused to agree to a consent e le c tion for the P ort of New York and thus elim inate the need fo r fo rm a l hearings on the rival c la im s . On O ctober 22, the New Y o rk Shipping A sso cia tio n petitioned the N L R B to conduct an im m ediate poll to d e te r m ine the appropriate bargaining rep resen ta tive for the longshorem en . A few days later the Shipping A sso cia tio n announced it would resum e negotiations with the independent L o n g sh o re m en ^ Union since such action seem ed to be required under the te r m s of the court order and the T a ft-H a rtle y A ct but that no agreem ent would be concluded until the N L R B determ ined the bargaining agent. N L R B hearings on a representation election which began in m id -N o v e m b e r, in volved con siderable con troversy concerning the a rea to be covered in the election. The A F L union argued that the poll should cover longshorem en only in the P ort of New York but the independent union wanted all dock w o rk ers in the area fro m Maine to V irginia included; the e m p lo y e rs1 group urged that a ll categ o ries of dock w ork ers only in the P ort of New Y o rk be covered. basic issu e rem ains o p e n .1115 On the b a sis of the board1s report the N LR B canceled the scheduled referendum on the ’’la st o ffe r .” The N L R B , in taking steps to avert a strike at the expiration of the injunction, directed that an election be conducted on or before D ecem ber 23 to choose between the two unions. A s proposed by the e m p loy ers, those eligible to vote included longshorem en and related w orkers in the P ort of New Y ork em ployed by m em b ers of the New Y ork Shipping A sso cia tio n . The election was held on D ecem ber 22 and D ecem ber 2 3. A pp rox im ately 2 1 ,0 0 0 votes w ere ca st; of these 9,060 favored the independent union and 7, 568 the A F L affiliate, but 4 ,4 0 5 ballots were challenged. The N LR B began a review of the contested ballots while the A F L union filed a petition to set aside the election on the grounds that it had been conducted under IL A ’’intimidation and in flu en ce .” The strike did not resum e at the expiration of the 8 0 -day injunction although the questions both of representation and of a new contract w ere unresolved at the end of the y e a r . 14 q u ir e s of a w ant th e board d is p u te W ith in 15 N L R B A s required by law, the board of inquiry review ed the status of the dispute and reported to the P resident on D ecem ber 4 (60 days after the strike began) that a r e newed w aterfront strike was likely to occur on D ecem ber 24 at the expiration of the in junction. The board a lso advised that any la st offer of the em p loyers would m ost probably be r e je c t e d .1* The board stated: nO bviously no offer which the em p loyers in New Y ork m ay make at this tim e can deal with the issu e of union representation, and none of the p a rties la b o rs under the illusion that this dispute m ay be resolved while this T he th e to days days m u st p o ll a ccep t th e th e T h ese q u e s tio n s B LS th e 1954. A is s u e d p u b lic a tio n , E m erg en cy " D is p u t e s m ent R e la tio n s 1952 (S e r ie s 5, as to as W ork U nder N o. 2 J! th e th ey o ffe r . p . 6. u n s e ttle d c it. , at o f th is S u p p le m e n t S top p a g es, th e is s u e d . w h eth er c o n t a in in g (T a ft -H a r t le y ) A c t , A ct sta tu s file d , op. s till su m m ary is is la s t w ere and on th e in ju n c t io n rep ort P r e s id e n t, c h r o n o lo g ic a lly w ill b e an e m p lo y e e s 16 v e lo p m e n ts rep ort v /o r k e r s to o f A p r il to th is R ep ort end M a n a g e m e n t R e la tio n s a fte r a fte r 1JJ a rran ged th e 60 L a b or o f in q u ir y L a bor d is p u te 1954 N o. d e 2 to "N a tio n a l M anage 1 9 4 7 -J u n e 30 , 33 A p p en d ix C Methods of Collecting Work Stoppage Statistics 17 The Bureau’ s statistics on work stoppages include a ll known strikes and lo c k outs in the continental United States involving as many as six w ork ers and lasting the equivalent of a full shift or longer. W ork stoppages are m easured in te rm s of the number of stoppages, w orkers involved, and m a n -d a y s of id le n e ss. F igu res on ’’w orkers involved” and "m a n -d a y s id le ” cover a ll w orkers made idle for one shift or longer in establishm ents directly involved in a stoppage. They do not m easu re s e c ondary id len ess— that is, the effects on other establishm ents or industries whose e m p loyees may be made idle as a result of m aterial or service* shortages. Inform ation as to the probable e x is t ence of work stoppages is collected fro m a number of so u rce s. P r e s s clippings on labor disputes are obtained fro m a com prehensive coverage of daily and weekly newspapers throughout the country. Inform ation is r e ceived directly fro m the F ed eral M ediation and Conciliation Service as w ell a s agencies in all States such as State boards of m ed ia tion and arbitration, re sea rch divisions of State labor department o ffic e s, and lo ca l o ffices of State em ploym ent security agencies provided through the Bureau of Em ploym ent Security of the U . S . Departm ent of L abor. V arious em ployer a sso cia tio n s, com panies, and unions a lso furnish the Bureau with work stoppage inform ation on a regular b a s is . Although the Bureau seeks to obtain com plete coverage of all stoppages involving six or m ore w ork ers and lasting a full shift or m o re, inform ation on sm a ller stoppages is undoubtedly m isse d fro m tim e to tim e . A fter ascertaining the occurrence of work stoppages, a questionnaire is m ailed to each party to the dispute to secure data such as the number of w orkers involved, duration, m ajor is s u e s , and method of se ttle m ent. In som e instances, field rep resen ta tives of the Bureau secure the n e c essa ry inform ation. The Bureau defines a strike or work stoppage as a tem porary stoppage of work by a group of em p loyees to ex p re ss a g r ie v ance or enforce a demand. A lockout is a tem porary withholding of work fro m a group of em ployees by an em ployer (or a group of em p loyers) in order to persuade the w ork ers to accept the e m p lo y e r’ s te r m s . Because of the com plexities involved in m ost la b o r m anagem ent disputes, no attempt is made to determ ine whether the stoppages are in iti ated by the w ork ers or the e m p loy e rs. The te rm s ’’ strik e” and "w ork stoppage” are used interchangeably. Certain ch a ra cteristics norm ally are found to exist: (1) The stoppage is te m porary rather than perm anent; (2) the action is by or against a group rather than an in dividual; (3) the objective is to exp ress a grievance or enforce a demand; and (4) an em p loy e r-em p lo y e e relationship e x ists, a l though the grievance m ay or m ay not be against the em ployer of the striking group. In jurisdiction al as w ell as rival union or representation strik e s, the m ajor elem en ts of dispute m ay be between the unions rather than directly with the em p loy er. In a sy m pathy strike, there is usually no dispute between the striking w ork ers and their im m ediate em ployer but the purpose is to give union support or broaden group p r e s sure for the benefit of another group of w o rk ers. Sympathy or p rotest strikes may a lso be intended to record the w o rk e rs1 feelin gs against actions (or absence of a c tion) by lo c a l, State, or F ed eral G overn ment agencies on m a tters of general worker concern. 1T More detailed information on methods of calculation, sources, and classification is availa ble in BLS Report No. 11, ’’Collection and Com pilation of Work Stoppage Statistics. ” u. S. GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE 1954 O 30 36 30