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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOE VOLUME X X IV —1912 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIV. No. 98.—JANUARY, 1912. Mediation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in the United States, by Chas. P. Neill: Introduction and summary............................................................................... Scope of Hie Erdman Act.................................................................................. Course of procedure in a case of mediation............................. ..................... Conditions necessary to action by mediators.......................................... Taking a strike vote before application.................................................. Action of mediators upon receipt of application.................................... Forms of applications and replies............................................................ Cases of rejection of mediation................................................................. The mediation proceedings........................................................................ Distinction between mediation proceedings and arbitration.............. Arbitration under the Erdman Act................................................................. Appeal to courts from arbitration decisions.................................................... Concerted movements........................................................................................ Arbitration act of 1888........................................................................................ Chicago Strike Commission............................................................................... Congressional discussion of Erdman Act upon passage................................ History of first attempt to utilize Erdman Act.............................................. Second case under the act................................................................................. Table I.—Cases of mediation and arbitration under the Erdman Act, June 1, 1898, to December 31, 1911...................................................................... Table II.—Arbitration proceedings under the Erdman Act, including cases where mediation was first invoked and cases of arbitration direct, June 1, 1898, to December 31,1911............................................................. Appendix I.—Acts concerning mediation and arbitration of controversies between carriers engaged in interstate commerce and their employees (passed in 1898 and in 1911).......................................................................... Appendix II.—Act concerning arbitration of controversies between car riers engaged in interstate commerce and their employees (passed in 1888)........................................................................... Canadian Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907..................................... Conciliation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in Great Britain: Conciliation and arbitration agreement of 1907............................................. Railway strike of August, 1911......................................................................... Settlement of the strike..................................................................................... Inquiry of the royal commission...................................................................... Complaints of the railway employees...................................................... Delay in acting upon complaints...................................................... Claim of companies of right to interpret awards............................ Refusal to receive official representatives of the men................... Alleged victimization of representatives of the men..................... Summary of complaints of the men................................................. Answers of the railway companies........................................................... Opposition to recognition of the union........................................... Attitude of parties toward conciliation................................................... hi Page. 1-3 3-6 6-15 6,7 7,8 8 8-11 11,12 12-14 14,15 15-18 19,20 20-26 26,27 27,28 28,29 29-42 42,43 44-55 56,57 58-61 61-63 64-81 82-85 85-87 87,88 89-95 89-93 89 89-91 91,92 92,93 93 93,94 93,94 94,95 IV BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR. Conciliation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in Great Britain—Con. Page. Report of the royal commission........................................................................ 95 Criticism of the report of the royal commission....................„....................... 96,97 Amendment of the conciliation scheme of the royal commission.............. 97,98 Attitude of parties and the public toward conciliation and arbitration... 98,99 Appendix I.—Report of the royal commission appointed to investigate and report on the working of the railway conciliation and arbitration scheme of 1907.................................................................................................. 100-109 Appendix II.—Scheme recommended by the royal commission for deal ing with questions affecting wages, hours, or conditions of service of railway employees in the manipulation of traffic...................................... 109-117 Appendix III.—Railway conciliation and arbitration scheme of Novem ber 6,1907.....*................................................................................................ 117-120 Appendix IV.—Conciliation and arbitration agreement of Caledonian Railway Co........................................................................................................ 120-122 Conciliation and arbitration in Great Britain: Conciliation Act of 1896..................................................................................... 123 Permanent court of arbitration......................................................................... 124 Industrial council................................................................................................ 124-127 Conciliation boards in 1910................................................................................ 127-132 Membership of conciliation boards........................................................... 128 Scope of work of conciliation boards........................................................ 128,129 Provisions against strikes and lockouts.................................................... 129 Methods of conciliation boards for final settlement of differences___129-132 Provisions against violation of agreements.............................................. 132 Cases dealt with by Board of Trade under the Conciliation Act, 1896 to 1910.................................................................................................................... 132-136 Mediation work of Board of Trade................................................................... 136,137 Work of permanent conciliation boards and joint committees...................137-139 Indirect effect of conciliation act..................................................................... 139,140 Appendix I.—Conciliation Act, 1896.............................................................. 140,141 Appendix II.—Court of arbitration.................................................................. 141-143 Appendix III.—Rules of London Labor Conciliation and Arbitration Board...................... i43,144 Appendix IY.—Durham Coal Owners’ Association and Durham County Mining Federation Conciliation Board and Durham Coal Owners’ Asso ciation and Durham Miners’ Association.................................................... 144-149 Appendix Y.—Cleveland Mine Owners’ Association and Cleveland Miners and Quarrymen’s Association........................................................... 149,150 Appendix VI.—Argeement between Shipbuilding Employers’ Federation and Shipyard Trade-Unions.......................................................................... 150-153 Appendix V II.—Building trades conciliation boards.....................................153-156 Appendix V III.—Brooklands Agreement...................................................... 156-158 Appendix IX .—Agreement of North and Northeast Lancashire Cotton Spinners’ and Manufacturers’ Association and Amalgamated Weavers’ Association........................................................................................................ 159,160 Attitude of employing interests toward conciliation and arbitration in Great Britain, by A. Maurice Low, M. A.: Introduction.......................................................................................................... 161-165 Voluntary character of provisions for conciliation and arbitration... 162,163 Distinction between conciliation and arbitration.................................. 163 Railway conciliation and arbitration scheme of 1907........................... 164,165 Opinions of employers concerning conciliation and arbitration...................165-178 Prominent cotton spinner........................................................................... 167,168 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24. V Attitude of employing interests toward conciliation and arbitration in Great Page. Britain—Concluded. Opinions of employers concerning conciliation and arbitration—Concld. Sir Samuel Boulton, chairman London Labor Conciliation and Arbi tration Board............................................................................................. 168-171 Thomas Costigan, secretary London Master Builders’ Association... 171-173 Sir Hugh Bell, ironmaster.......................................................................... 173 Employers’ associations for defensive purposes..................................... 174,175 Attitude of employers toward arbitration............................................... 175-178 Conclusion............................................................................................................. 178 Attitude of labor toward conciliation and arbitration in Great Britain, by Arthur E. Holder: Introduction......................................................................................................... 179,180 Attitude of General Federation oi Trade Unions.......................................... 180-184 Comments and criticisms of individual workers and organizations...........184-197 Gas workers and general laborers.............................................................. 185,186 Iron-ore miners............................................................................................. 186 Boiler makers and shipwrights.................................................................. 186,187 Amalgamated Society of Engineers.......................................................... 187-190 Steam Engine Makers’ Society.................................................................. 190-193 Coalminers.................................................................................................... 193,194 Cotton spinners............................................................................................. 194,195 Warpers, winders, and weavers................................................................. 196 Building trades..........•................................................................................. 196,197 Trades-union congress............................ 197-202 Compulsory arbitration............................................................................... 199-201 Compulsory conciliation and inquiry into disputes.............................. 201,202 Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry in New York City, by Charles H. Winslow: Introduction......................................................................................................... 203-205 Strike of 1910........................................................................................................ 205-210 Agreement in settlement of strike....................................................................210,211 Text of the protocol agreement......................................................................... 211-213 Parties to the agreement.................................................................................... 213-215 Preferential union shop.........................................................................................215-217 Limitations imposed by protocol upon the manufacturer........................... 217,218 Limitations imposed by the protocol upon the unions.......................... 218 Agencies of the protocol..................................................................................... 218 Board of Grievances.............................................................................................. 218-230 Plan and scope of work......... ..................................................................... 218-220 Rules and plan of procedure of the Board of Grievances..................... 220-224 Machinery of the Board of Grievances..................................................... 224,225 Method of procedure in adjusting disputes............................................. 225-230 Cases of grievances, December 12,1910, to December 11,1911.................. 230-235 Descriptive analysis of typical individual cases............................................ 235-244 Advantages growing out of the protocol agreement....................................... 244-251 Board of Arbitration............................................................................................ 251-253 Joint Board of Sanitary Control........................................................................ 253-270 Work of the board........................................................................................ 255-257 Plan of work adopted.................................................................................. 257,258 Cost of inspections....................................................................................... 258 Conditions shown by inspections.............................................................. 258,259 Light, ventilation, and sanitary conditions............................................ 259-261 Establishment of sanitary standards........................................................ 262,263 VI BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry page, in New York City—Concluded. Joint Board of Sanitary Control—Concluded. 263 Enforcement of sanitary standards........................................................... The sanitary strike....................................................................................... 264 Reports and records of inspection............................................................. 265,266 Sanitary certificates..................................................................................... 267,268 Educating the employers............................................................................ 268,269 Educating the employees........................................................................... 269,270 Appendix—Contract-shop agreement.............................................................. 270-272 Industrial courts in France, Germany, and Switzerland, by Helen L. Sumner, Ph. D.: Introduction and summary................................................................................ 273-290 Industrial courts of France................................................................................ 290-337 History........................................................................................................... 290-300 Methods of creation and of dissolution..................................................... 300-302 Elections........................................................................................................ 302-308 Qualifications of voters........................................................................ 302-305 Qualifications of candidates................................................................ 305,306 Procedure..................... 306-308 Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 309-315 Composition of the court..................................................................... 309-313 Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 313,314 Discipline.................................................................................................314,315 Judicial functions...........................................................................................315-334 Jurisdiction.............................................................................................. 315-320 General rules of procedure.................................................................. 320,321 Board of conciliation............................................................................ 321-323 Board of judgment............................................................................... 323-330 330-334 Methods of appeal.......................................................................... Administrative functions............................................................................ 334-336 Collective disputes....................................................................................... 337 Industrial courts of Germany............................................................................. 337-388 History........................................................................................................... 337-347 Methods of creation...................................................................................... 348-350 Elections........................................................................................................ 350-355 Qualifications of voters........................................................................ 350,351 Qualifications of candidates................................................................ 351-353 Procedure............................................................................................... 353,354 Presidents and vice presidents.......................................................... 355 Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 356-360 Composition of the court..................................................................... 356,357 Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 358-360 Discipline of members......................................................................... 360 Judicial functions......................................................................................... 360-376 Jurisdiction........................................................ 361-366 Rules of procedure............................................................................... 366-374 Methods of appeal...................................................................v........... 374-376 Administrative functions............................................................................ 377-379 Functions in collective disputes............................................................... 379-388 Industrial arbitration courts of Basel, Switzerland....................................... 388-396 History and method of creation................................................................ 388,389 Elections........................................................................................................ 389,390 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24. VII Industrial courts in France, Germany, and Switzerland—Concluded. Page. Industrial arbitration courts of Basel, Switzerland—Concluded. Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 390,391 Composition of the court..................................................................... 390 Expenses, fees, and costs. .................................................................. 391 Discipline of members......................................................................... 391 Judicial functions......................................................................................... 391-396 Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 391,392 Rules of procedure............................................................................... 392-395 Method of appeal.................................................................................. 395,396 Other functions............................................................................................. 396 Industrial arbitration court of Zurich, Switzerland...................................... 396-403 History................-......................................................................................... 396,397 Elections........................................................................................................ 397,398 Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 399 Composition of the court..................................................................... 399 Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 399 Discipline of members......................................................................... 399 Judicial functions........................................................................................ 399-403 Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 399,400 Rules of procedure............................................................................... 400-403 Methods of appeal................................................................................. 403 Other functions............................................................................................. 403 Industrial courts of Geneva, Switzerland................................. 403-407 History, creation, and divisions................................................................ 403-405 Elections........................................................................................................ 405-407 Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 407-410 Composition of the court..................................................................... 407-409 Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 409,410 Discipline of members......................................................................... 410 410-420 Judicial functions........................................................................ Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 410,411 General rules of procedure.................................................................. 412 Boards of conciliation..........................................................................413,414 Tribunal of prudhommes......................................................................415-418 Methods of appeal...................................................................: ...........418-420 Administrative functions............................................................................ 420-422 Collective disputes....................................................................................... 422-427 Appendix I.—Statistics of industrial courts (20 tables)............................... 428-454 Appendix II.—Laws concerning councils of prudhommes in France....... 454-464 Decisions of courts affecting labor: Decisions under statute law— Assignments of wages—rates of interest—police power—constitu tionality of statute (King et al. v. State).............................................. 465,466 Contracts of employment—advances—intent to defraud—involun tary servitude—constitutionality of statute (Latson v. Wells)......... 466-468 Employers’ liability—“act of superintendent” (American Manu facturing Co. v. Bigelow)......................................................................... 468,469 Employers’ liability—railroad companies—Federal statutes—inju ries causing death—persons entitled to sue (Fitkian et al. v. St. Louis dc San Francisco Railway Co.)..................................................... 469,470 VTTI BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR. Decisions of courts affecting labor—Concluded. Decisions under statute law—Concluded. Page. Employers’ liability—railroad companies—Federal statute—power of Congress—effect of Federal on State laws—jurisdiction of State courts—constitutionality of statute (Mondou v. New York, New Haven dc Hartford R. R. Co.)..........................,..................................... 470-478 Employer’s liability—railroads—hours of labor—violation as negli gence (St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad Co. v. MeWhirter)................................................................................................. 478,479 Employment of labor—employment of aliens by corporations—equal protection of the law—constitutionality of statute (Ex parte case) . 479,480 Injunctions — boycotts—conspiracy—jurisdiction—labor organiza tions—liability of members (Loewe et al. v. California State Federa tion of Labor etal.).................................................................................. 481,482 Mechanics’ liens—rank—mortgages for money advanced—constitu tionality of statute (Page v. Carr etal.)................................................ 482,483 Mechanics’ liens—waiver by contractors—rights of subcontractors— constitutionality of statute (Kelly et al. v. Johnson etal.)............... 484,485 Railroads—safety-appliance law—interstate commerce—cars used in intrastate traffic—power of Congress (Southern Railway Co. v. United States)............................................................................................ 485-487 Decisions under common law— Contracts of employment—breach—grounds for discharge—rate of wages (Haag v. Rogers)............................................................................ 487-489 Contract of employment—term—grounds for dischaige—satisfactory service—measure of damages—action before expiration of term— single recovery (Bridgeford & Co. v. Meagher)................................... 489-493 Employers’ liability—safe place—scope of employment—questions for jury (Williamson v. Berlin Mills Co.)............................................. 493-495 Labor organizations—interference with interstate commerce—tres pass—injunction (Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. International Association of Machinists etal.).............................................................. 495,496 Labor organizations—restoration of membership—boycott—injunc tion—restraining orders—dissolution (Allman et al. v. United Broth erhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America et al.).............................. 497,498 Relief. departments—sick benefits—color blindness of railroad em ployee as sickness—evidence (Kane v. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. et al.)...................................................................... 498-500 No. 99.—MARCH, 1912. Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1911: Introduction.......................................................................................................... 501 Prices of commodities, 1911 compared with 1910.......................................... 502-509 Prices of commodities, 1911, and December, 1911, compared with pre vious years back to 1890........................... -................................................... 509-519 Prices of commodities, by months, January, 1900, to December, 1911... 520-526 Influences affecting prices................................................................................. 527 Explanation of tables.......................................................................................... 528-556 Table I.—Wholesale prices of commodities from January to December, 1911.................................................................................................................... 557-604 Table II.—Average yearly actual and relative prices of commodities, 1890 to 1911, monthly actual and relative prices, January to December, 1911, and base prices (average for 1890-1899)............................................ 605-657 Table III.—Yearly relative prices of commodities, 1890 to 1911, and monthly relative prices, January to December, 1911................................ 658-692 Wholesale prices in Canada, 1890 to 1911............................................................... 693-695 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24. IX Decisions of courts affecting labor: Decisions under statute law— Page. Assignments of wages—constitutionality of statute (Mutual Loan Co. v. Martell)........................................ , ....................................................... 696-698 Compensation of workmen for injuries—cooperative insurance sys tem—police powers—equal protection of the law—constitution ality of statute (State ex rel. Yaple v. Creamer)................................. 698-707 Eight-hour day—construction of levees—extraordinary emergency— Federal statute ( United States v. Garbish)........................................... 708 Employers’ liability—employment of children—age limit—employ ment in violation of statute (Woods v. Kalamazoo Paper Box Co.).. 709 Employers’ liability—fellow servants—act of superintendence— railway section men—operation of trains {Richey v. Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway Co.)................................... 709-711 Employers’ liability—mine regulations—negligence of foremen 712 (Davis v. Mabscot Coal & Coke Co.)..................................................... Employers’ liability—mine regulations—refuge holes—negligence {Eelliel v. Piney Coal & Coke Co.)....................................................... 712-714 Hours of labor of employees on railroads—State and Federal regula tion—conflict of laws—commerce {Northern Pacific Railway Co. v. State of Washington)................................................................................ 714,715 Hours of labor of women—posting schedule—police power—con struction of statute {Commonwealth v. Riley)...................................... 715-717 Licensing employments—equal protection of the law—constitution ality of statute {Quong Wing v. Kirkendall)........................................ 717-719 Licensing of stationary engineers—occupation tax—constitution ality {City of New Orleans v. Cosgrove)................................................ 719 Mine regulations—sales of powder—commerce {Williams v. Walsh).. 720 Payment of wages—semimonthly pay day—coal operators {State v. Potomac Valley Coal Co.)....................................................................... 720-722 Trade-marks of trade-unions—statutory protection—fraudulent use {People v. Dantuma)................................................................................ 722, 723 Decisions under common law— Contract of employment—hospital fund—deductions from wages— obligations of employer {Jackson v. Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Co.)............................................................................................................. 723,724 Contract of employment—renewal—presumptions—nature of service {White v. United States Gypsum Co.).................................................... 724,725 Employers’ liability—contracts of waiver—fraud—employees of Pullman Co. {Kean v. New York Central <Sc Hudson River Rail road Co.)..................................................................................................... 725,726 Employers’ liability—fellow servants—acts of superintendence— dual capacity {Bedard v. Nonotuck Silk Co.)....................................... 726,727 Labor organizations—interference with employment—rights of unions—injunctions (Minasian v. Osborne etal.)................................ 727-729 Labor organizations—use of sidewalks—interference with private rights—nuisance—injunction—past acts {Iverson v. Dilnoi)............. 730,731 No. 100.—MAY, 1912. List of industrial poisons and other substances injurious to health found in industrial processes................................................................................................ 733-759 Act providing for a tax on white phosphorus matches and for prohibiting their import or export........................................................................................................ 760-762 Index to volume 24.................. 763-772