The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
34THCoNeKESS, >1st Session. \ ' SENATE. . ( E x . Doc. / No. 2. REPORT THE, SECRETAIY OF THE TREASURY, STATE OF. THE FINAI^OES, THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1855. WASHINGTON: . F E I N T E D BY B E V E E L E Y T U C K E R . 1856. A 5-0 UU REPORT OF . THE SECRETARY OE'THE TREASURY ' •' ON . . , T H E STATE OF T H E FINANOES. JANUARY 3, 1856.—Eead, and ordered to be printed, and that 10,500 additional copies be printed, 500 of which to be for the use of the Treasury Department. • ' .. ^ TREASURY DEPARTMENT, December 3, 1855. SIR : In obedience to the act supplementary to the act entitled ^ ^ An act to establish the Treasury Department/' approved May 10, 1800, the following report is submitted: The balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1854, was... ..: $20,137,967 50 The actual receipts of the first quarter of the fiscal year ending the 30th of June, 1855;,, viz: the quarter ending September 30, 1854, were: . , Fromcustoms ....: $18,639,798 45 Fromlands.: ..:..... 2,731,654 12 Miscellaneous .:' 149,850 28 21,521,302 85 The estimated receipts for the other three quarters were : v From customs...... $36,000,000 00 From lands ' : 6,000,000 00 Miscellaneous 500,000 00 •. , - ' 42,500,000 00 This, together with the actual receipts for the first quarter and the balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1854, made the aggregate sum estimated of $84,159,270 35 for. .the service ofthe fiscalyear ending the 30th June, 1855. ' The actual expenditure for the first quarter of said year was $16,169,330 62, as follows, to wit: Civil, miscellaneous, and foreign intercourse.... $6,241,749 31 Interior.... 2,175,737 13 War 3,367,039 92 Navy Department....................-; ,..............'..... . 2,508,791 09 Eedemption of public debt and premium 1,876,013 17 :3m ""•VoJ 4 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. The estimated expenditures for the reniaining three quarters of th^ year were as follow : Civil list, foreign intercourse, and miscellaneous Deficiency in the Post Office Department...... Interior War .....-...; Navy Interest on the public debt, $15,066,931 2,719,464 3,133,655 '.. 13,628,350 11,258,095 2,370,093 13 00 25 90 71 60 48,176,590 59 MaMng the actual expenses for the first quarter and. the'estimated expenses for the other three quarters $64,345,921 21 ; and leaving an estimated-balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1855, of $19,762,046 29. The actual receipts into the treasury for thefiscal year ending 30th June, 1855; were, for the 1st quarter.—From cnstoms Fromlands...... . Miscellaneous.... $18,639,798 45 . 2,731,654-12 149,850 2.8 21,521,302 85 2d quarter.—From customs..... Fromlands..... Miscellaneous f •. $10,317,364 41 3,873,939 80 87,558 12 14,278,862. 33 3d quarter.—From customs...... _ Fromlands..... Miscellaneous.., $12,646,068 04 • 1,763,644 41 157,210 1.9 • ^. 14,566,922 64 4th q i i a r t e r . - F r o m customs Fromlands.. Miscellaneous •^ • . Making............ ..,..;......... Balance in the treasury, 1st July, 1854. ; $11,422,563 31 3,127,810 74 8.6,468 68 14,636,842 73 $65,003,930 55 20,137,967 5,0 Total sum for theservice of the fiscal year ending J u l v l , 1855 ....." 85,141,898 05 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The receipts from customs were The receipts from lands were Miscellaneous................ 5 $53,025,794 21 11,497,049 07 481,087 27 65,003,930 55 The actual expenditures of said year were : 1st quarter.'. 2d quarter 3d quarter......;.. 4th quarter ..: • •• • $16,169,330 17,477,814 ,.. 15,572,349 16,990,427 62 74 65 03 • 66,209,922 04 The expenditures were as follow : Civil, miscellaneous,^and foreign intercourse $24,183,487 43 Interior... ..........-.......: 4,126,739 00 War............... : 14,773,826 36 Navy : .^.. .., .,....:... 13,281,341 01 Eedemption of public debt, interest and premium,..!. , 9^844,528 24 66,209,922 04 Balance in the treasury 1st July, 1855, (as appears in detail, per statement No. 1) $18,931,976 01 It will be seen, by reference to statement No. 1, that the sum of $9,844,528 24 was expended during the year in payment of interest, premiums, and redemption of the public debt, making the expenditures upon other objects $56,365,393 80. In my last report, the estimated receipts for the fiscal year ending the 30th of June, 1856, "were as follow: From customs Fromlands Miscellaneous .'. .: .:.... $56,000,000 00 6,000,000 00 500,000 00 62,500,000 00 Add estimated balance in the treasury, July 1, 1855.. 19,762,046 29 Total estimates for the service ofl.he fiscalyear 1856.. 82,262,046 29 The estimated expenditures for the same were as follow : Balance of former appropriations to be expended this year. .,..,:...... .;.......... $11,212,905 20 Permanent and indefinite appropriations to be expended. c. ..v..y..v.v....:.,,..v;....v.........v..o. 7,934^411 70 6 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. .Appropriations asked for »e.... $41,722,516 47 , 60,869,833 37 Leaving an estimated balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1856, of $21,392,212 92. The actual receipts into the treasury for the 1st quarter of said year, viz: the quarter ending 30th of September, 1855, have been as follow : From customs......'.. Fromlands....'.... Miscellaneous..,....,,.,..^.,.......: , $17,085,238 28 2,355,725 87 333,495 98 19,774,460 13 The .estimated receipts for the remaining three quarters are now set down as follow: ', From customs $42,000,000 00 From lands 5,644,274 13 Miscellaneous...:...... 500,000 00 48,144,274 13 Making the actual receipts for the first quarter, and the estimated . receipts for ,the. remaining three quarters .'... $67,918,734 26 Add balance in the treasury, 1st of July, 1855 18,931,976 01 Making the estimated aggregate sum of 86,850,710> 27 for the service of said year. '^ ' . ' ' • The actual expenditures for the first quarter of said year™that is, the quarter ending the 30 th of September, 1855—have been as follow : Civil, foreign intercourse, and miscellaneous $5,117,860 25 Interior, pensions, andlndians..... 1,799,642 19 War,. ..., 5,142,111 38 Navy : 4,282,292 57 Eedemption of public debt, interest and premium .... 252,209 71 16,594,116 10 For the actual receipts and expenditures of first quarter of the fiscal year ending 30th September, 1855, see statement No. 2. The estimated expenditures for the remaining three quarters, are as follow: Civil, miscellaneous, and foreign intercourse $18,651,974 85 Deficiency in Post Office Department..... , 2,669,368 00 InteriorDepartment, (pensions and Indians) .......... 3,532,033 92 War Dep^Ertment............. 8,773,523 31 .Navy Departmento,00.0,..0.0...0.....00.0000................. 10,956,030 73 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Interest on public debt.,... 7 $2,299,800 00 Eedemption of publicdebt....... 7,750,000 00 54,632,730^81 Making the actual and estimated expenditures 71,226,846 91 and leaving an estimated balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1856, of $15,623,863 36. . ' . The estimated receipts into the treasury for the fiscaf year ending the 30th of June, 1857, are as follow : From customs $64,000,000 00 From lands 7,000,000 00 Miscellaneous 500,000 00 71,500,000 00 To which add the estimated balance in the treasury . on the 1st of July, 1856 15,623,863 36 Making the estimated sum for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1857......... 87,123,863 36 The estimated expenditures for said year are as follow: Balance of fornier appropriations to be expended this year ..,,..... '. :. $16,696,689 99 Permanent and indefinite appropriations to be ex. pended this year.... '.. ' 7,639,910 14 Appropriations asked for ,. 45^114^765 45 69,451,365.58 Less $12,000,000, which' it is estimated will not be expended , 12,000,000 00 ' 57,451,365 58 Leaving an estimated balance in the treasury on the Istof July, 1857, of. $29,672,497 78 The public debt on the 4th ofMarch, 1853, amounted to the sum of $69,129,937 27, which, under the authority of the appropriation act ofthe 3cl March, 1853, has been reduced, up to and including the 17th of November, 1855, to $39,969,731 05, as per statement No. 3, accompanying this report. The sums expended in payment ofprincipal, premium, and interest, in making this reduction, amounted to $30,100,512 62. In addition to the public debt, as above stated, there is due, under treaties with various Indian tribes,, pay able upon time, the sum of $19,253,522 13, as per statement No. 4, accompanying this report. Besides which, the United States hold stocks in trust for various Indian tribes, to the amount of $3,822,700 57, and $726,184 85 invested for the Smithsonian InstitutioUj as per statement No. 5. The 8 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. United States hold the principal of the Smithsonian fund, amounting to $515,169/under the act of 18th August, 1846, and is bound to pay the interest annually, for which the stocks, stated in the table, are held as an indemnity. In addition, there was in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1855, the sum of $683,373 66, balances of various trust funds, as per statement No. 6. The estimated receipts for the fiscalyear ending 30th of June, 1855, based upon the actual receipts of the first quarter, together with the actual balance in the treasury on the 1st of July, 1854, were $84,159,270 35, and the actual receipts were $85,337,898 05, and in excess of the estimated receipts $1,178,627 70, and the estimated expenditures for the same year were $64,345,921 21, and the actual expenditures were $66,209,922 04; making an excess of expenditures, over the estimate, of $1,864,000 83; but nothing was estimated for premiums, and paymentof the public debt, for the last three quarters ofthe year, nor was anything estimated for appropriations by private acts of Congress. The actual receipts for said year were $1,614,004 .24 from customs less than estimated,- and $2,765,394 95 more from lands than estimated, and $168,763 01 less than . estimated from miscellaneous sources. The causes which it was then apprehended would affect.the receipts from customs for the remaining three quarters of the fiscal year had a more stringent operatiori than was calculated, whilst the proceeds ofthe sales of the public lands exceeded the estimate. The actual receipts into the treasury, from customs, for the first quarter of-the fiscalyear, to end the 30th of June, 1856j, have been $17,085,238 28, and $1,554,560 17 less than the actual receipts of the corresponding quarter of the preceding year, arising from the same causes that aifected the receipts from customs for the three quarters of the preceding year; and the receipts .from public lands have been diminished by the use of land warrants under the bountyland bill ofthe last session of Congress, •^ It will be seen that the receipts from customs for the remaining three quarters of the fiscal year 1856, have been advanced from the estimated receipts submitted in my last report. This has been done because the abundant agricultural productions in all sections of our country will justify larger, exportations, and'because of the demand for provisions in .Europe, caused by the war and limited crops; but with the expectation of less demand for cotton, and diminished prices, and also the return of American stocks under continued stringency in the money markets of Europe, growing out of the demand of money for the war, and for breadstuffs, and the withdrawal of money from circulation, under an apprehended scarcity, and its effects upon the money market in the United States. The advance may not be realized, but it is believed the estimate is a fair one; and, at all events, the receipts from custonis and lands will meet the estimated expenditures as far as they will be called for, and allow a considerable sum for the redemption of the public debt, should the holders be willing to part with it. - . The table exhibiting the amount of gold, silver, and bank-notes in circulation at different periods, gives the amount of gold and silvei* REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 9 in circulation for the fiscal year 1855, at over $250,000,000, and' t h e b a n k notes in circulation at $187,000,000 ; making a total circulation of $437,000,000, and showing that the bank note circulation was reduced from that of the preceding year about $17,000,000, but which we may consider it has more' than recovered. The table of coinage; for the same year exhibits gold and silver bullion, received at the mint .and branches, to the amount of $70,017,007 82, and the table of exports exhibits the export of gold and bullion to the amount of $56,247,343 ; showing an excess of receipts over the exports, of $13,769,664 82, The table'of exports for the same fiscal • year, in addition to the. export of gold, exhibits $30,427,187 of manufactures exported, and $26,158,368 of foreign goods exported, exclusive of specie, and $162,323,948 of all other articles; making the whole exports $275,156^846, against $261,468,520 imported, showing the excess of exports $13,688,326 over theimports. There' is no return or estimate of the gold imported by emigrants, and no return or estimate for the freights of our vessels that have contributed to our imports. , . • The table of tonnage for the sam.e year exhibits our tonnage a;t -5,212,001 If tons, an excess over that of the preceding year of 410,000 tons ; but it is proper to remark, that the tonnage measurement of American vessels, under the.present act of Congress, makes the measured tonnage less than the actual tonnage," whilst the unreported lost vessels may more than counterbalance the difference.. The table upon the currency justifies the belief that there is not less thari 250 millions of gold and silver in the country, whilst there is no reason to doubt the continued yield of the mines of California, and that the demand for our exports will 'enable us to exchange as largely for the productions of other countries as in former years, without parting with our gold and silver in larger quantities than we produce it. The demand for our agricultural products for export, and the consequent good prices, will, to some extent, stimulate our importing merchants to bring in foreigii goods, because of our increased ability to purchase them abroad and consume them at home. It is believed the. check to importations and consumption from short crops last year will, to some extent, continue through this year, and, with other causes, prevent extravagant importations on American account, because the' war demand and short crops in Europe will lessen European consumption of manufactured goods, and the makers will seek the American market for their surplus ; consequently a large supply of foreign goods on foreign account may he expected in the market, interfering with the profits of the Am.erican importer. Moreover, if the,war shall continue, considerable stringency in the money market of Europe may be apprehended, . deranging more or less the money market in the United.States, according to the intensity there. This apprehended money crisis in Europe will operate to repress importations of European goods on American account, and new enterprises at home, whilst the continued tide of emigration to, the States and new Territories of the West will induce large investments in the public, doniaih, thereby absorbing the land warrants, and creating a considerable deinand for money. 10 REPORT ON THE FINANCES.^ The aspect presents a prosperous year for the United States and its , revenue, yet calls for prudence and caution in expenditures. Herewith is submitted statement No. 7, (taken from the most reliable authorities, with years and amounts blank where no such authority could be found) of the gold and silver coin and bank notes in circulation in the United States, from 1790 to 1855, showing the increase of banks, bank, capital, and bank note circulation, and containing explanatory remarks upon the subject. Also, statement No. 8, exhibiting the coinage at theUnited States mint and branches, since their establishment, to the 30tli June, 1855. Also StatementNo. 9, of the receipts of gold and silver at the mint and branqhes, from, the 30th June, 1854, to 30th June, 1855, and imports and exports of the precious metals for the same time. Also statement No. 10, exhibiting our annual imports and exports fromthe 31st of December, 1789,. to the 30th of June,. 1855. Also statement No. 11, exhibiting the tonnage of the United States from the 31st of December, 1789, to the 30th of June, 1855. Also StatementNo. 12, exhibiting the receipts into the United States treasury, from customs, lands^ loans and otherwise^ from the 4th day of March, 1789, to the 30th of June, 1855. . Also statement No. 13, exhibiting the prices of flour in the cities of Boi^ton, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Oiieans, and St. Louis, from the most reliable sources, for the years stated i n ' t h e table. Also statements from No. 14 to 18, inclusive, exhibiting the population of the several States and Territories, with certaiii statistical information, taken from the censuses of 1790, 1800,: 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, and 1850. Also table No. 19, recapitulating the previous statements, and giving the population of the United States, according to said census returns. Also Statement.No. 20, exhibiting the population of each State and Terri-, tory, according to the census of 1840, and the amount of the agricul-' tural and manufacturing productions of each, as taken from the census returns of that year, to which is added a column exhibiting the amount said productions would give to each person in the several States aiid Territories, and another column exhibiting the amount of duty-paying imports for that year,.and another column showing what each person in the several States and Territories would consume of such imports if thei. people of each consumed them in proportion to the agricultural and manufacturing productions of each. Also statement No. 21, making the same exhibits from the census returns of 1850. Also statement. No. 22, exhibiting the value of United States manufactures exported from the 30th of June, 1845, to the 30th of June, .1855. Also statement No. 23, exhibiting the value of foreign nierchandise annually imported,, re-exported and consuined, from 1821; to the 30th of June, 1855. Also statement No. 24, exhibiting the total value of imports, and imports consumed i n t h e United States, exclusive of specie, during each fiscal year from 1821 to 1855.; showing also the value of foreign and domestic exports, exelusive of specie, and the tonnage employed during the same periods.. Also statement No. 25, exhibiting a summary view of the exportation of domestic produce from the 30th of June, 1847, to 30th of June, 1855. Alsostatement No.26, exhibiting the value of certain articles, viz: wool- REPORT ON THE FINANCES. , 11 ens, cottons, hempen goods, iron and manufactures of iron, sugar, hemp unmanufactured, salt and coal, from the 30th of June, 1844, to the 30th of June, 1855, (after deducting the re-exportations,) withthe amount of duty which accrued on each during the same periods respectively. Also statement No. 27, exhibiting the value of foreign merchandise, and domestic produce, exported annually from 1821 to 30th of June, 1855. Also StatementNo. 28, exhibiting the quantity of. wines, spirits, &c., imported annually from 1843 t o t h e 30th of June, 1855. Also statement No. 29, exhibiting the value of imports annually from 1821 to the 30th of Jurie, 1855. Also statement No. 30, exhibiting the value of dutiable merchandise re-exported .annually from 1821 to the 30th of June, 1855, and showing, also, the value re-exported from warehouse, under the act of August 6, 1846. Also statement No. 31, exhibiting the aggregate value of breadstuffs and provisions exported annually from 1821 to^the 30th of June, 1855. Also statement No, 32, exhibiting the quantity and'value of cottou. exported annually from 1821 to the 30th of June, 1855, and the average price per pound. Also statement No. 33, exhibiting the quantity and value of tobacco and rice exported annually from 1821 to the 30th of June, 1855. Also statement No. 34, exhibiting the value of iron, and manufactures of iron and iron and steel, steel, wool and manufactures of wool, manufactures of cotton, silk and manufactures of silk, flax, linen and linen fabrics, hemp and manufactures of hemp, manilla, sun and other hemps of India, and silk arid worsted goods, imported from and exported to foreign countries, from 1840 to 1855 ; also showing the export of like articles, the production of the United States; Also statement No. 35, exhibiting the value of iron, manufactures of iron and iron and steel, steel, sugar, wines, and'all fabrics of which wool, cotton, silk, flax, or hemp is a component part, imported annually from 1847 to 30th June, 1855, with theduties which accrued thereon, in each year respectively. Also statement No. 36, exhibiting the amount refunded up to 1st November, 1855, under'the. act dated the second day of Marchj 185.5, for carrying into effect the reciprocity treaty; and also the amount ofbonds cancelled, as required by said. act. Also statement No. 52, exhibiting the custom-houses purchased, those constructed and in course of construction under appropriations, with thenumber of hospitals constructed, in the course of construction, and appropriated for. Also statement No. 54, of the number of' lighthouses constructed, with the names of the several keepers. Also the explanations of Messrs. Morgan and Shannon of the tables upon the several censuses, &c,, submitted by them. The foregoing statements prove the past and present condition of our currency, our tonnage, our imports and exports, with the increasing receipts into our national treasury from customs, and our progress in population and industrial pursuits; also, that^ we have derived from the customs the principal fund to pay our annual expenditures, and from which we haye discharged the debt of our war of Independence and-the war of 1812, and are now discharging the debt created during the Meiican war. They furnish a reliable guarantee that we shall be able,to draw from the same source, in future years of peace^ more than an economical administration of the government will 12 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. require, and authorize a reduction of duties to the amount of some ten or more millions of dollars; so arranged, that, by its own operation, it will be gradual and continuous on. some articles of present importation, and perhaps, in time, produce the necessity of drawing the revenue required for our annual expenditures from other sources. In carrying into effect the tariff of 1846, considerable difficulties have been encountered under the eight schedules of that act, impos-. ing different rates of duties on the merchandise embraced in each. These difficulties, instead of diminishing, as the adjustment of the questions arising at the treasury, and in the courts, takes place, seem to increase, owing to the ingenuity of foreign manufacturers and merchants, in mingling materials, and modifying fabrics, and giving them new names, until it is not possible to have uniform action in levying duties at different ports, or correct classifications at the same port. Tariffs or tax laws should be so plain and explicit in the terms used,\as to make it impossible for right-minded officials to misappre- ' hend what it is lawful to collect, and the importer what the law requires to be paid. In remodelling the tariff act of 1846, I think it would be proper to retain schedule A of that act, and constitute another schedule to include iron, manufactures of iron, steel, manufactures of steel, sugar, wines, and all fabrics of which silk, wool, cotton, flax, or hemp is a component part, whether manufactured in whole or in part, and to impose a duty on the same of twenty-five or thirty per cent., except flannels and cloths costing less than two dollars per yard, and blankets, and to reconstruct the free, list, so as to include all the raw material used in our manufactures, as proposed in my last report; and to impose on all articles not in the above schedules, or in the free list, a duty of not less than fifteen, nor more than twenty per cent. Under a tariff act so constructed, there would he little or no difficulty in carrying it into execution in the same way in all the ports, and in properly classing the articles under the schedules'in the same port^ nor in the collecting officers understanding exactly what duty was to be levied upon each article, nor the importer the amount required to he paid; and it would certainly take less time at the port of entry, and require fewer officials to execute the law. The rate of duty under the proposed schedule, and of all other articles except schedule A and the free list, could be so fixed as to make the necessary reduction, and leave the annual revenue to increase or diminish, as the imports of duty-paying merchandise should increase or diminish. In recommending, fbr the third time, the remodelling the schedules of the tariff act of 1846, and the reduction of the revenue from customs, I have felt constrtiined, by a conviction of its propriety, again to recommend, as one of the modes of reducing the revenue, that the raw material used in our manufactures should be admitted free of duty. Under laws of, great wisdom and foi'ecast, all manufacturing countries, except the United States, now admit the raw material used in their productions free of duty, thereby giving constant and profitable employment to capital and labor, and enabling their factories to furnish a cheaper article, and better command both the home arid foreign REFORT ON THE FINANCES. 13 market, with beneficial employment to their tonnage in making the exchanges! ' '. • The United States, under the federal constitution, enjoy perfect freedom of trade with each other, in all their agricultural, manufactured, mineral and qther productions'. As to the raw material produced in-the United States, and used in the factories of other countries, those countries, under their laws, obtain the raw material free, whilst we deny to the raw material produced in those countries, and used in our factories, the same freedom ; thus failing to allow the same constant and profitable employment of our capital and labor, and the same beneficial occupatiori of the home and foreign market with cheap articles, of our own manufacture, andthe sairie beneficial employment of our tonnage in.making the exchanges, Thq proposed reduction, of the revenue, b y t h e admission ofthe raw material used in our manufactures free of duty, has the sanction of Congress in the admission of guano, garden seeds, and animals for breed, free of duty, being raw materialfor the use of agriculturists ; also copper ore, felt adhesive, junk old, oakum, plaster of paris unground, platina unmanufactured, sheathing copper and sheathing metal, and' in the return duty allowed on the exportation of refined sugars, which gives the raw material used by sugar refiners free of duty, to the extent the manufactured article is exported. The prin- ' ciple is recognised that taxes should orily be levied for the purpose of revenue, and I think it clear, inasmuch as the duty is not needed, that the principle would notbe violated by authorizing the admission of the raw material used in our manufactures, as proposed, free of duty. It is suggested, in contravention of the Jegislation of other manufacturing countries, and as an indirect reduction of taxes on the consumer of the home manufactured article, and may well be considered a step in a,dvance towards free trade. The tables extracted from the census of 1840, and that of 1850, exhibiting the amount of our manufactures for those years, and the table ofthe import of foreign manufactured goods for the same years, arid the table of the export of the manufactures of the United States, offer ample evidence that we are already a great manufacturing, as well as commercial and agricultural people, enjoying a profitable home market for many of our productions, and a fair competition in foreign markets for some of them'. The census of 1840 was taken soon after the commercial revulsion of 1837 ; which involved the fortunes of'qur'merchants, our manufacturers and agriculturists, and indeed all classes, to such an extent, that the tables, combined with the returns of our imports,'do not give either the agricultural^ manufacturing or commercial business of that year, the favorable aspect they are justly entitled to ; but the census returns of 1850, taken during a period of increasing prosperity for all branches of our industry, exliibit fairly our progress and the condition of all pursuits a t that time, and prove our continued increase in population, in agricultural, manufacturing and commercial exparision. . ' An examination of the agricultural and manufactured articles, taken and returned under the census of 1840 and 1850, will satisfy any one that there are many articles of domestic production and man 14 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ufacture not taken and returned, and which greatly increa,sed the capacity of the producers to consume, and enlarged their fund of exchangeable articles. It will be seen that there is no account of the labor employed in improving and clearing lands, in building canals and railroads, houses, manufactories, steamships, and other vessels, nor of the labor in transportation, on the ocean, the rivers, lakes, canals, railroads, &c,; nor of the labor employed in our coal mines; all of which may be estimatejd at half the valu'e of that engaged in our agricultural and manufacturing productions. In examining our tables of exports and imports, we find that^ in most years our imports exceed our exports; and that fact affords t o ' some, the argument that our foreign trade is ruinoxis to the country. The commerce of nations is based on the exchange ofthe commodities of one for those of another, Avhether the exchange is made by barter or upon sales for money and purchases for money. The exchange may not be between the same two nations, but the general result of equivalents on the trade of each with all. The exports exchanged for the imports, and the difference the fair profit and loss on the whole. It may be, and often is, that in time of war, or years of short crops, one n.ation will import more than she exports, that is, purchases more than she sells, for one of more years, and that the profits of one year go to pay the losses of a previous or previous years; but no^ country can afford to pursue an impoverishing trade for a long series of years. That the United States have not, is manifest, because, notwithstanding this excess of our imports over our exports, we have constantly increased in population, in productions of agriculture, manufactures, ando.in all other pursuits; and added largely, year >after year, to the fixed capital of the country. If we consider our imports, as taken in exchange for oiir exports, the State producing the export is entitled to' credit fbr the import, although the export may have been made by citizens of other States, or by foreigners, who-paid money for the article exported. Neither the census of 1840, nor that of 1850, nor any other data known to the department, furnish evidence of the exchange of the productions of each State with the other States, nor of the amountof foreign goods consumed by the people of each State. It willbe seen that the agricultural and manufacturing productions of all the States and Territories, according to the census of 1840, amounted to $1,006,133,599, and that the importation of fbreign goods did not exceed one-twentieth of the amount, whilst the agricultural and manufacturing productions, according to the census of 1850, amounted to $2,012,520,539, and the importations of goods riot re-exported to only $148,051,575; and if we estimate the succeeding five years since the census of 1850 to have added fifty per cent, to our agricultural and manufacturing productions, we have $3,018,780,808 of such productions, $1,^83,393,898 being articles of manufacture, whilst our importation of fbreign goods, after deducting the exportations for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1855, only amounted to $233,020,227. This large amount of our agricultural and manufactured productions is consumed in the several States and Territories, except what we export, and for which we take in exchange an equivalent of foreign productions and manufactures, also consumed in the REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 15 country. , These are all considered annual productions, annually consumed, but are not all strictly so, there remaining always a stock on hand for the consumption of the coming year, which is more or less, according to the home and foreigii demand; also some machinery and other articles, that last niore than a year. If the free list shall be adopted, establishing free trade in the raw material, our mariufacturers using this raw material, and thus placed in equal competition with the manufacturers of other countries, will gradually and more and more possess themselves of the home market, exclude the foreign article, and reduce the revenue. Let it be considered that we manufacture all our furniture, all our carriages, wagons, steam-engines, machinery for our factories and machine-shops, most of our leather and shoes, boots, hats, door-butts and bolts of all descriptions, bells, balances^ buckles, brads,'wood-saws, horse-cards, castors, curtain-pins, curtain-bands, metal cocks, jack-screws, currycombs, coal-hods, candlesticks, gas-fittings and burners, coffee-mills, cauldrons, heavy edge-tools, hay and manure forks, gimlets, hat and coat wardrobe-hooks, harrows of all kinds, hoes, hollow-ware, planes, ploughs, sad-irons, tailors' irons, door-kriobs,. furniture knobs, brass kettles, locks of all kinds, iron latches, lines, lanterns, lamps, levels, lead, cut nails, clout nails, pins, pumps, punches, pokers,'sand-paper, rulers, iron and copper rivets, ropes, rakes, oil-stones, wrought iron spikes, wood-saws, door-springs, window-springs, steelyards, scales of all descriptions, steel and brass scales, trowels of all descriptions, spoons of all descriptions, thermometers, tacks, vices of all descriptions, axes, wrenches of all descriptions, iron, brass, and copper wire, with a long list of other articles, to the exclusion ofthe like articles from other countries, and then take the six articles proposed to be embraced in the new or additional schedule with a duty of 25 or 30 per cent.-, and observe the amount of revenue heretofore derived from these articles, and that expected under the proposed revision of duties, and examine the American manufacture aud production of these articles, according to the census of 1840 and that of 1850, compared with the imports of those years, but more particularly take the first article of iron named in the list, and see that the Americari production and manufactu.re for that year was $60,485,655, and the foreign import.of iron and manufactures of iron for the same year was $16,333,145, and consider this fact in connexion with our increasing population, and the fact that each State and Territory, with perhaps one exception, has more iron iirib.edded in her hills and valleys than would meet the most extended use of the article by her citizens for centuries to come, and the conclusion is inevitable, that the production , and manufacture of iron in the United States, withiri a very short period of years, will exclude the foreign production and manufacture. Then examine the second article of cotton, in connexion with the fact, that already the American manufacturer is in possession of the home mar.te^.t, and competing successfully for the foreign market, as to all the ..coarser fabrics, and heginning successfully the manufacture ofthe finer-fabrics; then take the third article of wool, and give the same consideration to the home production in connexion with the foreign import, and the proposed free entry of the raw material, and; so proceed with the other 16 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. articles ofthe schedule; and there will hardly remain a doubt of the gradualreduction of therevenue on the importations of all those articles, and also on many of the articles in the general schedule ; and if the government shall continue to draw its revenues from customs, other articles of taxation must be resorted to. In order to • obtain yaluable data as to the extent that American manufactures possessed the .home market in whole or in part, to the. exclusion of foreign manufactures, amongst others, letters were addressedto the Hon. C. T. James and the Hon. Philip Allen, of Ehode Island. Mr. James furnished most ofthe foregoing enumerated articles, and Mr. Allen the statement and letters marked No. 57, and has allowed me to annex them as part of my report. They are highly interesting, and tend to establish t h e conclusions at which I have arrived. Most, if not all, of the articles proposed to be included in the new schedule, and particularly iron and manufactures of iron, and cotton and woolen fabrics, are used to about the same extent, according to the circumstances of the people^ in all theStates and Territories, and the tariff, or tax, falls as equally and fairly upon all sections, as it is possible to raise revenue from customs. The statement No. 35 shows what the annual reveriue upon these articles has been for the last eight years, and that the, average of the last five years has been $35,960,313 25, whilst the average of the annual revenue from all other articles, except in schedule A, for the same time, has only been $15,762,258 45. 'This shows that the necessary revenue could not be raised by a tariff upon imports, without taxing those articles ; and it is believed the proposed tax of 25 or 30 per cent, upon them would be levied more fairly and equally upon all sections, than if one rate of duty was levied upon all importations without discrimination. An examination of the non-enumerated articles proposed to be taxed from 15 to 20 per cent, would render it obvious that there is a propriety in not attempting to levy the same duty upon them as upon the articles proposed for the new schedule, because they are not all of as general use, some being used in one section and some in another, although some may be used in all. It may be assumed that all duties, to a certain extent, raise the price ofthe imported article to the consumer; and where similar articles are produced or manufactured in the country imposing the duty to the extent to which the tax raises the price of the home article, it is protective, although revenue and not protection is the object of the law. Therefore, a tariff should be levied upon articles not produced in the country imposing the tax, unless for some counteracting reason. I t may be, and no doubt is often the case, that the consumer does not pay the whole tax—as when the foreign producer, rather than lose the market, submits to a diminished price; and it is often the case that a reduction of duty does not diminish the price to the consumer— as when the supply ismot more than sufficient for the markets of the world, or when an export duty is imposed, equivalent, or nearly so, to the reduction; and a duty imposed upon the foreign article is often affected by the state of the currency, particularly when it is a mixed one of gold and silver and bank notes. If Congress had the control of the currency of the United States, that is to say, could prohibit the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver EEPORT ON THB FINANCES. 17 in payment of debts and commercial transactions, the imposition of duties by Congress Vould have the effect to leave the home market to the home article to theextent to which the tax prohibited the import of the foreign article, or raised its price. . An examination of the several tariffs enacted in this county, in connexioii with the increase of banks, banking capital,'and bank-note circulation, will afford evidence that the increased duty has, almost in every instance, to some extent been counteracted, within a short time, by the increased circulation of bank notes. The United States, with its mixed currency of gold, silver, and bank notes, has been a good market for the sale of foreign productions and manufactures; and, in the general, a bad market for the sale of our own—the foreign article taking the gold and silver, the better part of our currency, with the increased price given by our bank-note circulation, and raising our productions to such a price as not to allow of their exportation., unless in times of great foreign demand. In connexion with a modification of the tariff, in my first and second reports, a repeal of the fishing bounties was recommended, for the reasons stated in the first report. A more perfect knowledge of the operation of the act satisfies me that many foreign seamen enjoy its benefit, and that it is otherwise fruitful of frauds on the treasury, and fails to operate as a nursery for American seamen. The repeal ofthe act is again recommended to the consideration of Congress. The reports of the First, Second^ Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Auditors of the Treasury, the First and Second Coiriptrollers, the Commissioner of Customs, who acts as Comptroller of the revenue collected from customs, the Treasurer, Solicitor, andEegister of the Treasury, accompanying this report, and marked from 37 to 48 inclusive, give a satisfactory statenient of .the condition and operation of their respective offi-ces since the date of my last report. In my first report it was stated, that onthe 1st of April, 1853, there was $132,521,154 50 outstanding balance on the hooks of the treasury, and that up to the date of that report the amount hadbeen reduced to $102,021,549 59 ; and my second report stated the same, up to its date, had been rereduced to $27,5-83,148 62, Since my last named report this balance has been still further reduced to the sum of $24,739,133 '41, which includes all outstanding on the books of the treasury from the organization of the government to the present time. Of this sum $9,304,706 39 is under judgment, and $2,910,306 83 in suit not reduced to judgment, leaving the sum of $12,523,520 19 in the course of adjustment and collection, so far as the same is collectable, by the action of the Auditors and Comptrollers, respectively, in charge. The department has m.ade, and is making, efforts to enforce the ^ collection of these outstanding balances, and for that purpose has restored the former practice of having the collections attended to by the Auditor and Comptroller whose duty it is to settle the accounts in which these halances arise, not considering the, establishment of the Fifth Auditor as agent of the treasury for the collection of these balances, followed by the substitution of the Solicitor for the agent, as exonerating the Auditors and Comptrollers from the duty of seeing 2 18 REPORT ON" THE FINANCES'. ,* that the suits are duly prosecuted, collections made, and the accounts closed on their books. The Solicitor of the Treasury is held to be an official aid in the prosecution and defence of suits, under the direction of the executive department in which the litigation arises. Alette? from the department to the President, and his order, No. 49, upon the subject, accompany this .Teport, and place the business of the Solicitor's office, in connexion with the several executive departmentSj in the proper light for the consideration of Congress. The system of accounting at the treasury of the United States is that of accounting in an action of account in a suit at law, or a suit in equity, by reference to an accountant or master in chancery, with or without instruction, as ithe parties and court deem necessary, for a full exhibit of the facts. The accountant or master states the account, for and against the parties, plaintiff and defendant, and makes report in writing of the items allowed and disallowed, with reference to the evidence and the law applicable to the same. The parties appear before the accountant or master,'in person or by attorney, and furnish the evidence relied upon, and also references to the law. The practice is, to file the aecount and report in court, and give a day to the parties to except, which is done in writing, and afterwards the case is heard by the court, and the exceptions^ sustained or overruled, and judgment or decree regularly enteredo The same course is pursued where no exceptions are filed. The court has power to recommit the case to the same or another accountant or master for a re-statement of the account, upon such principle as is thought essential for justice between the parties. Before judgment or decree, these accounts and reports are examined and considered by the court, from, which an appeal or writ of error is generally allowed to a tribunal composed of other judges, whose office is to adjudge cases that have liad the action of inferior tribunals. The points ruled in these cases, at law and in equity, are preserved in printed reports, and are important in establishing the construction of statutes and contracts, and the principles of the common law, the principles of equity, rules of evidence and practice for the guide and in restraint of courts in analogous cases. The accountants in the treasury make their stated' accounts upon the evidence produced by the claimant or person required to account, who acts in persoii or by attorney. The accountant, under the authority ofthe Auditor, acts for: the United States, in the ascertainment of all counter demands or set-offs which the United States have against the party, and takes the necessary proof to establish the same, and to countervail the proof of thq claimant or accounting party. The first question for the decision of the accountant when a claim or account is presented, is, whether, under the acts of Congress establishing the auditorship to which he is attached, the case presented is under its jurisdiction^ in whole or in part. The second, as to the sufficiency of the account returned under the law and regulations, the legality of the items claimed, and the sufficiency of the proof offered. The third is, what demands or set-offs the United States have against the claimant or person accounting, andthe proof to sustain the same. EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. 19 I n the progress of his work, the accountant counsels with the chief of his division or with the Auditor. When the account is stated, it should be accompanied by a written report, succinctly stating the items charged against the claimant or party accounting, and the credits allowed, referring to the law and regulations that govern them, and the proof that sustains the same. I t should also exhibit the items disallowed, and state the reasons why disallowed ; and then it should be examined by the head of the division and have the endorsement of his approval, and then be examined and adjudged by the Auditor, and, if approved, should be signed by him. The Auditor has the right to recommit the account to the same or another accountant, with such directions as to the items of the account on the debit and credit side, and the law and evidence^ as he deems requisite to the justice of the case. The reference of the case to the accountant is the act of the Auditor, Just as the references in cases at law and in equity are the acts of the courts. They are considered as made under the general rules in force in the office, but in some cases are referred with specific instructions. In all cases of extraneous proof—that is, proof not in some of the accounting offices of the treasury—the Auditor should be consulted, and authorize the proof, before it is taken. When the Auditor has finally acted upon the account, and affixed his signature to the same, the account, with all the original evidence, documents, arguments and references, is passed to the Comptroller, who, by lav/, is vested with authority to re-examine and re-judge the same, in all particulars^ not only upon the case as presented or made before the Auditor, but as the party, claimant, or person accounting may make it before him, or as he sees proper to cause it to be made for the interest of the United States. The Comptroller, therefore, examines and adjudges the account, not solely upon the account and report made by the Auditor, and the evidence hefore him, but as the evidence presents the case at .the time he decides it. The practice in the Comptroller's office is, to refer the accountsand reports, &c., as received from the Auditor's office, to an accountant in the former for re-examination and report, and this reference is made under the general rules of the office, or v/ith such special instructions as the Comptroller may choose to give. If the Comptroller's accountant finds the account and report of the Auditor correct in all particulars, he so reports to the Comptroller; and if he, on examination, approves, he does it by endorsement under his hand. The account is then closed, and forms the hasis of a warrant upon the treasury, if the halance be against the United States, or a call for payment, if the balance be against the claimant or person accounting. In cases where the account of the Auditor is ndt approved, and in cases where additional evidence is taken, the accountant of the Comptroller should restate the account, and make a succinct written report of the same character of the one the accountant of the Auditor should make, and the Comptroller, if he approves the account, as re-stated by his accountant, should attach his signature to tile same. ' The account thus re-stated forms the basis of a warrant, or call for 20 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. payment, in the same way as if the Comptroller had approved the account as stated by the Auditor. The Auditor is entitled to an independent judgment, and should exercise it in all cases; and the Comptroller is entitled to a like independent judgment, and should also exercise it; but the decision of the Comptroller, like that of all appellate tribunals, prevails over that of the Auditor. In cases where they differ, the Comptroller should have the account re-stated, in accordance with his judgment, as upon appeal, and upon the new state of facts as presented before h-im. The practice grown up of late years, of the Auditor's changing his account so as to conform to the opinion of the Comptroller, is in violation of the principles of accounting established by Congress, and should be abandoned, and the practice made to conform to the intention of Congress, and the principles of accounting as established and originally practised. The decisions in the Auditors' and Comptrollers' offices are not preserved in printed reports, as a guide, and in restraint of themselves and their successors, in analogous cases, but exist in tradition, or a sort of treasury common-law in the memory of experts in the several offices. I t is true, that some of the Comptrollers have kept a record of their decisions in cases of difficulty, and these have served as precedents in like cases, and cases involving like principles. The decisions of the Auditors and Comptrollers, and particularly those of the Comptrollers, if they existed in printed reports, would give more uniformity to the action of the treasury. The Auditors and their accountants, and the Comptrollers and their accountants, are left to these unreported decisions, the traditions of the treasury law, and their own sense of what is right in the particular case. I t is, therefore, not surprising, that uniform action has not been had in the accounting offices of the treasury; and that the departures from uniformity have been greater than those which usually take place in the decisions of courts of law and equity. Moreover, in the extension of the business of accounting, the examination of the accounts stated in the first instance, bythe Auditor, and then b y t h e Comptroller, on appeal, has, in many cases, been omitted, the Auditor and Comptroller signing their names on the faith of the account stated by their respective accountants; thus opening the door, and increasing the chances of departure from correct principles in the action of the departments. I n practice, the written report accompanying the account stated, and proving the ability of the accountant, has been abandoned, but haa been recently restored in accounts stated for suit, under the authority of letter No. 59, which accompanies this report. It would certainly be desirable to have each stated account accompanied by a succint written report, referring to the law and the evidence, under which ' the debits and credits have been allowed and disallowed, and each stated account and report examined and adjudged, first by the Auditor^ and then by the Comptroller; and the principles of accounting at the treasury, as established by law, fully and fairly carried out. The acGounfs stated of moneys paid into the treasury now amount to over $70j000,000 annually; and of the moneys paid out and expended, to IIEPORT ON THE FINANCES, 21 about the same sum; all of which is passed upon, in the first instance, in the offices of the six Auditrs of the Treasury, and afterwards, as upon appeal, by either the First or Second Comptrollers, or by the Commissioner of Customs. To constitute a good Auditor and a good Comptroller, requires legal ability of a high order, a special knowledge of our fiscal and disbursement laws and regulations, coupled with unabating industry, unbending integrity, and promptitude of decision; and scarcely less can be required ofthe accountants in their offices. The Auditors and Comptrollers, and the accountants under them, constitute the safe-guard of the National Treasury, and have to withstand the whole army of claimants, and their interested clamor. I t is submitted, with their increased business, and the change in the value ofmoney, that the Auditors and Comptrollers do not receive an adequate compensation for the high qualifications they ought to possess, and the onerous duties they have to discharge. In my former report, the attention of Congress was called to the fact that the duties of the Auditors, under existing laws, were not properly divided; and inconveniences existed in the present distribution of duties, and particularly in the army accounts, part of which were settled in the Second Auditor's office, and part in the Third, to the certain delay in the adjustment of accounts. This could be remedied hy giving the Secretary of the Treasury authority, with the sanction of the President, to make the proper division and arrangement of business amongst the several Auditors and Comptrollers, and report it to Congress. The system of accounting at the treasury is easy of comprehension, and as well calculated to prevent frauds, correct errors, and secure a proper execution of the laws, as any that could be devised, and might be extended to all the operations of the governirient, without inconvenience, and to the greater security of the national treasury and national domain. There would seem to be no just reason why the fixed salaries of all the officers of govei;nment should be passed upon by an Auditor, and then by a Comptroller, before a warrant can be issued for payment; and that the Commissioner of Pensions ,and the Commissioner of Public Lands should have the right to pass upon the evidence, and grant pensions out of the treasury, and bounty land warrants for so much of the public domain, without subjecting their action upon the evidence and the law to the examination and revision of a Comptroller. It may be that this want of revision has been the cause of many of the frauds practised in obtaining pensions and bounty lands. It is believed that the action of two departments should be required, as in the treasury, in all cases where the national treasury or public domain is to be reached or to be affected, and that no accounts, however created, should escape the usual and customary examination and re-examination. The Independent Treasury act still continues eminently successful in all its operations. The transfers for disbursement duringthe fiscal year, to the amount of $39,407,674 03, have been made at a cost of $19,762 35, whilst the premium on the sale of treasury drafts has amounted to $30,431 87. The receipts and expenditures during the.fiscal year, amouriting to $131,413,859 59, have all been 22 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. in the constitutional currency of gold and silver, without any perceptible effects upon the currency or on the healthy business operations of the country. The vaults of the office of the Treasurer of the United States at Washington, constructed with the appropriation made by the last Congress, may now be said to be both fire and thief 23roof, and a safe depository of the public money, and that intrusted to the'disbursing agents of the government, who are so situated as to avail themselves of the advantage of making their deposites with the Treasurer; and the office of the Assistant Treasurers, and other public depositories, are as represented in the report (No. 50) of W m . M. Gouge, who visited them during the past year under the authority of the department; and although some of them have not allthe guards against fire and thieves which such depositories should have, yet there has been no loss, and with care and diligence there may be none for years to come; but, to avoid the possibility of a loss in those depositories, the department has estimated for fire and thief proof vaults, and guards at those places where they do not exist, and in the cutstom-houses now being constructed. It is hoped Congress will see the propriety of making the necessary appropriations, and have the depositories of the public money of the United States as secure as such vaults and depositories should be. Public convenience will, from time to time, require that the number of public depositories be increased, and so located as to give the advantage thereof to all sections of the country, and Congress, when necessary, should make provision for all proper safeguards for the public money. The table No. 51, which accompanies this report, exhibits the deposite accounts of the various public officers and disbursing agents who have availed themselves of the right of making deposite of the money intrusted to them for disbursement, with the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers, and public depositaries of the United States, during the past year. The money thus deposited is, for all practical purposes, in the treasury of the IJnited States, for on the resignation, death, or removal of any of these officers or agents, the amount is no longer subject to his draft, or that of a representative, but by warrant is placed again in the treasury, and is applicable for the purpose for which it was appropriated. The notes of banks chartered by the States continue to circulate in some sections of the country, to the exclusion of gold and silver, except in government transactions; and more particularly where the banks circulate notes under the denomination of five dollars. These small notes are mostly circulated by banks of doubtful solvency, at a distance from the place of redemption. They constitute a depreciated currency, which no one is willing to hold, and this leads to hasty expenditures, in order that the loss may fall on others. The evils of a depreciated currency are attested by the experience of all countries where such a currency has been tried, and in none more certainly than in the States of the Confederation. The legislatures of the several States and the Congress of the Confederation, all issued bills of credit during the revolutionary war, and all felt and acknowledged the evil and the ruinous consequences. The constitution of the United States was framed by the men who had felt all the evils thereof; and when provisions were inserted in that instrument, that no State should emit REPORT ON THE. FINANCES. 23 bills of credit, nor make anything but.:gold.-and-silver a tender in; payment of debts, and the coining ofmoney was given to the general government, they believed they had provided for a hard money currency, and against the evils of a depreciated one; but these provisions were nullified when the courts held that the States had power to charter banks, with authority to issue and circulate notes as money. It is now too late for fhe courts to retrace their steps, and give a broader construction to the prohibitions of the federal constitution, whilst it is hopeless to expect the States will refrain from granting bank charters, with authority to issue these small notes; or that the States will concur in enlarging the constitutional prohibition in respect to bills of credit, so as to prohibit this power to banks. The same local and individual interest that induce the granting of bank charters v/ith this privilege, would induce the legislatures of the States to refuse to Congress the power of prohibiting the use and circulation of bank notes. The thirteen hundred banks nov/ in existence under State charters, and the circulation of over $200,000,000 of bank notes, as money, in constant competition with the constitutional currency, attest the magnitude of the evil, and justify the worst apprehensions for the future. The gradual increase of banks, hanking capital, and bank-note circulation, calls for repressive action under appropriate State legislation. When these thirteen hundred banks shall be increased to some two, three, four, or five thousand, it may be feared their aggregated power will not be easily overcome, until a suspension of specie payments and universal bankruptcy shall call for a suppression of the evil, and a restoration of the constitutional currency. If the States shall continue the charter and multiplication of banks, with authority to issue and circulate notes as money, and fail to apply any adequate remedy to the increasing evil, and also fail to invest Congress with the necessary power to prohibit the same. Congress may be justified, in the exercise of the power to levy an excise upon them, and thus render the authority to issue and circulate them valueless. The accounts of collectors of the customs continue to be rendered at the close of each month, and those on the Atlantic settled within the succeeding month, and those on the Pacific coast within about six weeks, with rare exceptions. Their disbursement and emolument accounts are rendered quarterly, and it is intended to have them settled within the succeeding quarter. The benefits resulting from the prompt rendition and settlement of the accounts manifest themselves more and more from the test of experience ; accounting is better understood ; the accounts in better form; the vouchers more correctly taken, with fewer improper items, give less trouble, and take less time in their adjustment. It is believed the disbursement and emolument accounts could be rendered monthly with advantage to the busi-ness of the ports and the finances of the country, and monthly accounts might he advantageously required in all branches of the public service. All officers and disbursing agents are required to keep a book of accounts, and record in it all money and property received, and all money and property disbursed, and take proper vouchers for the same, and disbursing officers of the army to render monthly statements of their expenditures. The monthly account would be a 24 REPORT ON THE FINANCEa transcript of this "book, showirig the amount received, the amount disbursed, Vv^ith the balance on hand for the succeeding month, and could be as easily rendered at the end of tlxe month as at the end of the quarter, and as readily transmitted with the vouchers by mail, or otherwise, to the proper department; and, if the vouchers were talien In duplicate, and one set accompany the account and the other retained with the account book, there could be no difficulty in supplying a lost account or voucher. Monthly accounts would be better for the disbursing officer or agent, as he would be compelled at the close of the month to close his cash and property account for the business of the succeeding month, and procure his vouchers when the disbursements were made; and should he make any improper disbursements, the proper department would be able at once to apply the correction: before the error was extended. The disbursing offieers would necessarily become better acquainted with the business confided to them, and in all respects better discharge the duties, whilst the adjustments would take less of the time of the accounting officers. The greatest difficulty encountered is with the accounts of disbursing officers and agents who have failed to render their accounts regularly as required by law and regulations, and to accompany the accounts with proper vouchers ; and the greatest loss to the treasury is in the insolvency of such disbursing officeis and agents. The arrearages of nearly $25,000,0.00 in the accounts in the offices of the six Auditors attest this. Authority shoukl be given to require and enforce inonthly accounts and settlements. It will take less labor and require less time to settle monthly than to settle quarterly accounts, give greater safety, and secure more economy in the disbursements. I t will be seen, by reference to the circulars of the department, that efforts have been made, and are being made, to have the accounts at all the custom-houses kept upon the same uniform principles, and the same forms and routine for 'the entry of goods at all the ports, with the like advantage of warehousing, exportation, and transportation. The collectors, in practice, rendered no account ofthe goods in warehouse until they were entered for consumption and the duties paid, when the receipts appeared in the monthly account of duties received. They have been required to render accounts of goods in warehouse at the close of each month. The statement No. 58, rendered of goods in warehouse at the Atlantic and internal ports on the 1st of July, 1855, exhibits goods in warehouse to the amount of $21,549,427, on which there were duties unpaid, to the amount of $6,881,826 ; also the merchandise entered for consumption, for warehouse transportation and exportation during that month, with the duties on the same ; the second part of said statement gives the like information for the month of August. The department will, in due time, have the data to exhibit the monthly operations during the fiscal year. The revenue laws consist of various acts of Congress, enacted during a period of near seventy years, with conflicting and inconsistent provisions, sometimes with and sometimes without repealing clauses. There have heen judicial constructions of some of these acts, and constructions by the department, in form of circulars^ of most of REPORT ON THE FINANCES. .25 tliem, and these circulars conflict. The collectors are to be guided in the discharge of their duties by these acts of Congress and these circulars, and find from them a systematic rule of action for all the cases arising under them. Under a resolution of the Senate, the department caused a revision of these revenue laws to be prepared and laid before the last Congress ; it was printed by their order, but only the chapter relating to passenger ships was passed upon by Congress. Had Congress corrected and passed the other chapters, it was intended to have revised the circulars issued by the department, and made them consistent with the act of revision. Had this been done, the revenue laws would have been better understood by the officers of the customs and by the importers, with advantage to the system and the revenue. This revision is recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress, with the hope they will see the propriety of considering the subject, and passing the act, with such amendments and additions as, in their wisdom, may be deemed proper. The report No. 52, of Captain A. H. Bowman, engineer in charge of the construction and repair of buildings, under authority of the Treasury Department^ gives in detail all necessary information to place before Congress—the progress made since my last report, and the condition of the several works up to the 30th September, 1855. The effort is being made to have all the work done with the best materials, and in the best manner the appropriations will allow, and as near fire and thief proof as possible, with provision for warming and ventilation. Iron beams and girders, with brick arches for the floors, iron sash-frames and window-blinds for the windows, with galvanized iron roofs, constitute part of the plans for these buildings. The success that has attended the use of iron in the construction of fire-proof buildings, has induced its more extended application to building purposes, and might justify Congress in recognising iron as one of the materials to be used for the exterior of hospitals, customhouses, &c.^ when suitably located. The report is accompanied with a list ofthe custom-houses purchased and those built, and those appropriated for by Congress; also, a similar list of the marine hospitals; and there are estimates for constructing the custom-houses at New Orleans and Charleston, under construction, by the days' work. The report of William M. Gouge, who, under the authority of the department, visited the several marine hospitals during the past summer, gives much valuable information upon the subject; and table No. 53, made out from the hospital returns, exhibits the number of sick sailors who have received the benefit of the hospital fund, and the pro rata expense at each. It seems to be unquestionable that hospitals have been, and are to be constructed, under appropriations now made, at places where such sailors could have been as well and •more economically provided for under contracts with local hospitals and individuals, as now done at the cities of New .York, Philadelphia, and some other places. The collectors at the several ports where there are hospitals under the directions of the department, superintend the hospitals, and their .supply, and the care that is taken of the sick; and, where the United States have no hospitals, make contracts with local hospitals»or 26 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. with individuals,.and superintend them in the same way they superintend the marine hospitals of the United States. The contracts with, local hospitals and individuals are to furnish everything necessary foir the care, comfort, support, and medical treatment of the sick at so much per capita. It is recommended to the consideration of Congress, whether the contract system might not he advantageously extended to many places where the United States have hospitals, allowing the contractor the use of the hospital, with the right to the United States to terminate the contract at Avill, on the report of the collector of the port, or some other visitor appointed by the Secrefary of the Treasury. If Congress should deem expedient an extension of th^ contract system, as recommended, there should be a law providing for it. The table showing the expenses of the sick at the several hospiitals, will point out the places where the contracts ought to be made. The Coast Survey continues to progress favorably under the management of the Superintendent in charge,* and the appropriations appear to be carefully and economically applied. The work is again recommended to the continued favorable consideration of Congress^ in order that the fullest and most reliable information of our extensivie coasts and numerous harbors may be obtained at the earliest practicable period. The report of the Superintendent in charge, when made to this department, will,, as customary, be transmitted to Congress. The report No. 54, withthe accompanying documents, will give the operations of the Light-house Board since the last report, with tbe present condition of the work in their charge, and affords satisfactory evidence of the attention and ability given to the service confided to it. The report and documents are more voluminous than could be desired, but the magnitude of the service, and its great interest to tho commercial world, has prevented its abridgment. It is again recommended to the continued favorable consideration of Congress, on account of the facilities afforded to commerce and navigation. The report of the supervising inspectors of steamboats, under tha act of the 30th of August, 1852, and a letter of W m . M. Gouge, tli© agent ofthe department charged with collecting information upon the subject, and attending the meetings ofthe board, marked No. 55., accompany this report. The attention of Congress is again called to the operation of the act, as stated in the reports, and in the report ofthe supervisors for the last year, and the letter of Mr. Gouge which accompanied it. There can be no question but that the operations of the act have been beneficial, and might be made more so, by a mora energetic and uniform enforcement of its provisions, and by extending the same to the Pacific coast. The law requires some modifications., amendments and additions, as recommended to the last Congress, and should be placed under the direction and control of one of the executive departments; without which, the necessary and proper direction and control cannot be had. Which is respectfully submitted. JAMES GUTHEIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury. The PRESIDENT pro tem. ofi the Senate. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 27 Errata iii statements fiurnished by Senator Allen. ., At page 660, 14th line, for manufacturers, read manufacture. > At page 669, immediately after the table of Quicksilver, for imported, read exported; showing that the article was exported in both the years 1854 and 1855. L I S T OF P A P E E S Accompanying the Annual Beport ofi the Secretary ofi the Treasury on • the Finances. No. Page. 1. Statement of receipts and expenditures for the year ending June 30,1855 30 2. Statement of receipts and expenditures for the quarter ending September 30, 1855 84 8. Statement exhibiting the amount of the public debt redeemed from July 1, 1854, to the 17th November, 1855, inclusive; the premium and interest paid on the same; and the amount outstanding at the latter date 35 4. Statement exhibiting the amount due from the United States under treaties with various Indian tribes 36 5. Statement exhibiting the stocks held in trust by the United States for the various Indian tribes, and for the Smithsonian Institute — 45 6. Statement exhibiting the balance of various trust funds held by the United States. 49 7. Statement exhibiting the gold and silver coinage of the Uhited States, and the bank notes in circulation from 1790 to January, 1855 51 8. Statement exhibiting the coinage of the United States Mint and branches, from their establishment to June 30,1855 72 9. Statement exhibiting the receipts of gold and silver at the Mint and branches, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, and imports and exports of the precious metals for the same time 74 10. Statement exhibiting our annual imports and exports, from December 31, 1789, to' June 30,1855 77 11. Statement exhibiting the tonnage of the United States for the sanie period:.-—.. 78 12. Statement exhibiting the receipts into the treasury from the customs, lands, leans, and otherwise, from March 4, 1789, to June 30, 1855 » 80 13. Statement exhibiting the prices of flour in the cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, and St. Louis, from the most reliable sources, for the years stated in the table ' 83 14 to 18, inclusive. Statements exhibiting the population of the several States and Territories, with certain statistical information, taken from the census of 1790, ' 1800, 1810,1820, 1830, 1840, and 1850 89-96 19. Statement recapitulating the previous statements and giving'the population of the United States according to said census returns 97 20. Statement exhibiting the population of each State and Territory, according to census of 1840, and the amount of the agricultural and manufacturing productions 28 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. , Page, of each; to which is added a column exhibiting the amount said production would give to each person in said States and Territories, &c., &c., &c Statement making the same exhibits from the census returns of 1850 Statement exhibiting the value of the United States manufactures exported from June 30, 1845, to June 30,1855. Also the explanations of Messrs. Morgan & Shannon of the tables upon the several census returns Statement exhibiting the value of foreign merchandise annually imported, re-exported, and consumed, from 1821 to June 30, 1855 Statement exhibiting the total value of imports, and imports consumed in the United States, exclusive of specie, during each fiscal year from 1821 to 1855; showing also the value of foreign and domestic exports, exclusive of specie, and the tonnage employed during the same periods Statement exhibiting a summary view ofthe exportation of domestic produce from June 30,1847, t o J u n e 30, J855 Statement exhibiting the value of certain articles: woolens, cottons,Jiempen goods, iron, manufactures of iron, sugar, hemp unmanufactured, salt and coal, from June 30, 1844, to June 30,1855, (after deducting the re-exportations,) and the amount of duty which accrued on each during the same periods respectively.. Statement exhibiting the value of foreign merchandise and domestic produce exported annually, from 1821 to June 30, 1855 Statement exhibiting the quantity of wines, spirits, &c., imported annually, from 1843 to June 30,1855 Statement exhibiting the value of imports annually, from 1821 to June 30, 1855.. Statement exhibiting the value of dutiable merchandise re-exported annually from 1821 to June 30, 1855, and showing also the value re-exported from warehouses under the act of August 6, 1846 Statement exhibiting the aggregate value of breadstuffs and provisions exported annually from 1821 to Juue 30, 1855 Statement exhibiting the quantity and value of cotton exported annually from 1821 - to June 30, 1855, and the average price per pound Statement exhibiting the quantity and value of tobacco and rice exported annually from 1821 to June 30, 1855 Statement exhibiting the value of iron and manufactures of iron, iron and steel, ' steel, wool and manufactures of wool, manufactures of cotton, silk and manufactures of silk, flax, linen and linen fabrics, hemp and manufactures of hemp, manilla, sun and other hemps of India, and silk and worsted goods, imported from, and exported to, foreign countries from 1840 to 1855; also showingthe export of like articles the production of the United States Statement exhibiting the value of iron, manufactures of iron, and iron and steel, steel, sugar, wines, and all fabrics of which wool, cotton, silk, flax, or hemp is a component part, imported annually from 1847 to June 30, 1855, with the duties which accrued thereon in each year respectively Statement of the amount of bonds cancelled, and duties refunded under the act of 2d March, 1855, for carrying into effect the reciprocity treaty, up to the 1st of November, 1855 „ , Report of the First Comptroller on the operations of his office Report of the Second Comptroller on same Reportof Commissioner of Customs on same 98 100 102 104 105 106 107 109 Ill 113 114 115 116 117 118 132 135 138 139 14^ REPORT ON THE FINANCES. - 29 No. Page. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 145 147 149 159 161 Report of First Auditor on s a m e . - . - . - . . o».«.r=...... Report of Second Auditor on s a m e . . . ....oo Report of Third Auditor on same = Report of Fourth Auditor on same » Report of Fifth Auditor on sanie Report of Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Ofiice Department on the operations of his office 46. Report of Solicitor of the Treasury on same 47. Report of Treasurer of the United States on same 48. Report of Register of the Treasury on same 49. A letter from the department to the President, and his order, placing the business of the Solicitor's office in connexion with the several executive departments... 50. Report on the condition of the vaults in the treasury depositories, and on the constitutional treasury system, by W. M. Gouge 51. Statement exhibiting the deposite accounts of the various public officers and disbureing agents who have availed themselves of the right of making deposites of the money intrusted to them for disbursement, with the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers, and public depositaries, during the pastyear 52. Report of Captain A. H. Bowman, engineer in charge of the " office of the Construction of Buildings under the Treasury Department," with statement exhibiting the custom-houses purchased, those constructed and in course of construction, under appropriations, with the number of hospitals constructed, in the course of construction, and appropriated for 53. Report of W. M. Gouge on marine hospitals, wdth accompanying statement 54. Report of the Light-house Board, with statement exhibiting the number of lighthouses constructed, with the names of the several keepers 55. Reportof W. M. Gouge on steamboat act 56. Set of circulars issued since date of last report 57. Statement of Hon. Philip Allen on the production and manufacture of certain ar- ' tides in the United States, &c., &c 58. Stateraent exhibiting the goods in warehouse during the month of July, and also for the month of August, 1855, with the amount of duties accruing thereon 59. Instructions to the accounting officers relative to the preparation of accounts for suit ...„.,„„„.. 163 166 172 173 203 207 213 216 244 248 423 477 659 682 683 30 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 1. Statement of duties^ revenues^ and. public expenditures, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, agreeably to warrants issued, exclusive ofi trust fiunds and treasury notes fiunded. The receipts into the treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30,1855, were as follows:. From customs, viz: During the quarter ending September 30,1854 $18, 639,798 45 During the quarter ending December 31, 1854 10, 317, 364 41 During the quarter ending March 31, 1855 12,646, 068 04 During the quarter ending June 30, 1855 11,422,563 31 —'. • $53,025,794 21 From sales of public lands, viz: During the quarter ending September ?0, 1854 2,731,654 12 During the quarter ending December 31, 1854 , 3,873, 939 80 Duriug the quarter ending March 31, 1855 1,763,644 41 During the quarter ending June 30, 1855 3,127,810 74 11,497,049 07 From miscellaneous and incidental sources 681, 087 27 Less amount before reported 200,000 00 481, 087 27 . Total receipts Balance in treasury July 1,'I854 65,003,930 55 20,137,967 50 Total means 85,141,898 05 The expenditures for the fiscal year endiug June 30,1855, exclusive of trust funds and treasury notes funded, were as follows: Legislative, including books Executive.:.::.....:... .--... Judiciary......... Governments in the Territories of the United States Surveyors and their clerks, &c Officers of the mint and branches, and assay office in New York Assistant treasurers and their clerks, &c $2,207,880 1,890,572 1,033,797 234, 329 167,163 40 97 37 30 92 115,2.25 00 35,527 41 Totalcivil.. $5,684,496 37 FOREIGN INTERCOURSE. Salaries, outfits, and return allowances of ministers and charges des affaires /. Minister resident to Turkey Dragoman to Turkey Salaries of secretaries of legation Commissioner to reside in China Interpreter and secretary to mission to China Commissiouer to the Sandwich Islands Clerk to legation at London Compensation for certain diplomatic services Consul at London Clerk-hire, office rent, &c., of consul at London Consul general at Alexandria Consul at Beyrout Consuls at five ports in China Office-rent of Consul at Basle , $176,311 94 6,000 00 2,500 00 13,544 76 7,000 00 2,500 00 5,000 00 800 00 62,055 54 2,000 00 2,800 00 5,000 00 2,000 00 1,584 24 70 86 31 EEPORT ON THE FIKANCES." OfTice-rent of commercial agent at St. Martin's Contingent expenses of all the missions abroad Contingent expenses of foreign intercourse '. Intercourse with the Barbary powers Interpreters, guards, and other expenses of consulates in the Turkish dominions „o, Relief and protection of American seamen Relief of sundry consuls for expenses incurred in protecting American citizens, &c To reimburse E Riddle amount expended by him at Industrial Exhibition, London Purchase of blank books, stationery, &c., for consuls of the United States Purchase of 500 copies of Wheaton's Elements of International Law,for ministers To defray expenses in complying with the resolution of the House of Representatives of December 14, 1853, calling for a statement of the privileges and restrictions of forein intercourse with the United States, & c . Awards under article ISth of treaty between the United States and Mexico, of February 2, 1848 Instalment and interest under article I2th of treaty with Mexico, due May 30, 1850 To enable the President to conclude a treaty of peace with Mexico Contingent expenses of the late board of commissioners under treaty with Mexico Compensation of commissioner and agent of convention for adjustment of claims between the United States and Great Britain To carry into effect convention on the subject of claims between the United States and her Britannic Majesty. Expenses in acknowledging the services of masters and crews of foreign vessels in rescuing American citizens, ifec. from shipwreck Payment in relation to certaiu French seamen killed or wounded at Toulon, and their families $263 40,143 74,869 9, 000 33 65 50 00 1,099 46 137,256 47 22,790 62 ' ' 13, 000 00 ... 10,000 00 2,500 00 5,000 00 55, 337 49 2,307 10 1,000 00 40 > 00 ." 24,000 00 275,035 42 1, 000 00 • 500 00 $964 310 37 Total foreign intercourse MISCELLANEOUS. Mint establishment Compensation of one-half per centum to each designated depositary Contingent expenses uuder act for collecting the public revenue : Compensation to special agents to examine books, &c., in the several depositaries Expenses incident to loans and treasury uotes Survey of the coast of the United States Survey of the western coast of the United States Survey of the Florida reefs and keys Fuel and quarters of officers of the army serving on the coast survey Publishing observations made in the progress of the survey of the coast of the United States Results and accounts of the exploring expedition Establishing an assay office in New York Purchase of lots or parcels of land belonging to the Bank of Commerce and State of New York Payment for horses andother property lost, &c. in the military service of the UnitedStates ..=».. Claims not otherwise provided for,. Expenses of the Smithsonian Institution, per act August 10, 1846 559,709 63 3,839 93 37,877 63 7,101 3,075 ' 205,995 130,000 30, 000 10 00 11 00 00 10,000 00 20, 000 00 9,000 00 87 283 39 531,758 47 5,427 20 3,654 82 30,910 21 32 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Payment on account of Cherokee Indians remaining in North Carolina Colossal statute of Washington :-.' Historical paintings for the rotundo of the Capitol To purchase copj^-right of new method of ascertaining a ship's position at sea Purchase of building corner of F and Seventeenth streets. Salaries of nine supervising and fifty local inspectors, with travelling expenses, &c Expenses incurred by provisional government of Oregon in defending the people of the Territory from the Cayuse Indians Expenses of removing to the States whence they fled, fugitives from service or labor «« For mail service performed for the several departments of government, per section 12, act March 3,1847 For further compensation to the Post Office Department for mail services performed for the two houses of Co;igress, per act March 3, 1851 To supply -any deficiency in the revenues of the Post Office Department for the year ending .June 30, 1855... For a tri-monthly mail, by steam-vessels, between New Orleans and Vera Cruz Erection of public buildiugs in the Territories. Expenses of collecting revenue from customs Repayments to importers pf excess of deposites for unascertained duties Debentures or drawbacks, bounties or allowances Refunding duties on foreign merchandise imported, per act August 8, 1846 Debentures and other charges Refunding duties paid into the treasury from military contributions in Mexico » Refunding duties paid by colleges, &c., per act August 12, 1848 Refunding duties under the act to extend the warehousing system Proceeds of sale of goods, wares, &c., per act April 2, 1844..„ Salaries of special examiners of drugs and medicines... Additional compensation to collectors, naval officers, & c . Four additional revenue cutters Fuel and quarters for officers of the army serving on light-house duty Eefunding duties on fish and other articles, under reciprocity treaty with Great Britain Support and maintenance of lighthouses, &c Building light-houses, &c Marine hospital establishment -. Building marine hospitals „ Building custom-houses Life-boats and other means of rendering assistance to wrecked mariners and others on the coast of the United States Purchase of metallic surf-boats to rescue lives and property Continuing the system of protecting human life from shipwreck on the coast of Massachusetts and New Jersey, by life-boats and other means To procure the necessary machinery and to test practically the plan for distinguishing lights by occultation, &c., in Oregon Making permanent the signals placed by the Coast Survey along the Florida coast Expenses of collecting revenue from sales of public lands. Surveys ofthe public lands Contmuing the survey of the islands on coast of California. $2,819 84 5,000 00 4,000 00 10,000 00 200,000 00 79,152 71 47,120 28 7,537 30 200,000 00 500,000 00 2, 344,464 00 3^,350 00 68,191 57 2,801,797 82 979,688 45 540,812 08 51,911 27 20,419 01 5,553 80 ' 227 78 137,558 49 642 5,583 18,778 4,900 79 38 38 00 5,926 47 432,775 1,002,124 843,686 345,987 124,807 1,836,240 88 50 74 46 62 92 26,992 10 8,931 25 25,994 00 4,957 00 10 000 400,502 447,987 30,000 00 84 81 00 RERORT ON THE FINANCES. Continuing the survey of the Keys on the Florida coast. Expenses incurred in geological explorations in Oregon and Washington Territories Compensation to surveyors and other agents required in Illinois, &c .: Repayments for lands erroneously sold „. Refunding moneys where certain lands have been entered in Greensburgh district, Louisiana. ^ Services heretofore performed by registers and receivers ofland offices Preparing unfinished records of public and private surveys, to be transferred to State authorities Collection of agricultural statistics, and procuring and distributing seeds and cuttings Expenses of settling land claims in California ^. Purchase of books for territorial libraries Running and marking the boundary between the United States and Mexico..... Compensation of commissioner and surveyor employed on boundary betweeu United States and Mexico .. Engraving maps, views, sections, natural history of survey of boundary between United States and Mexico Expenses of taking the Seventh Census Preservation of the collections of the exploring expedition Patentfund East and west wings ofthe Patent Office building Furnishing rooms in the new wing of the Patent Office building, &c Purchase of site and erection, &c., of an asylum for the insane of the District of Columbia Penitentiary in the District ofColumbia Support, &c., of insane paupers in the District of Columbia Support of transient paupers To complete the grades in the city of Washington Potomac and Eastern Branch bridges, compensation of drawkeepers, &c Bridge across the Potomac at Little Falls Public buildings, grounds, &c., in the city of Washington. Compensation ofpublic gardener,gatekeepers,laborers,&c. Compensation and contingent expenses of Auxiliary Guard Three per centum to Ohio. Three per centum to Indiana Three per centum to Missouri •. Two and three per centum to Mississippi Two and three per centum to Alabama •.......-.Five per centum to Louisiana •^.. Five per centum to Arkansas.... ..J^...... Fiveper centum to Florida Five per centum to Iowa -. To settle certain accouuts between the United States and Alabama, per acts of March 2,18I9, and March 2,1855. Relief of sundry individuals Sundry miscellaneous items » Total miscellaneous. . . . . . - . . „ 33 ,20,000 00 23,560 00 3,812 50. 73,415 45 1,179 21 2,790 84 13, 319 93 34, 000 00 156,930 66 1,500 00 185,128 30 4- 10,900 00 4,500 12, 477 2,522 175,067 208, 319 00 00 27 41 27 21,000,00 57,809 22, 656 12,853 4,250 1,200 00 68 15 00 00 15,642 15,000 127, 092 13,570 18, 473 8,268 3,689 23,178 11,657 16,647 8, 357 18,501 2,811 54,441 28 00 12 00 25 41 98 25 35 63 27 84 83 59 128, 336 42 719,077 40 7, 587 37 = $17,534,680 69 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. Indian department Pensions, military Pensions, naval Claims of the State of Virginia.. Relief of sundry individuals.,. „ . „ =. , , Total under the Department of the Interior 3 2,676,682 15 1,309,591 20 134,296 17 4,013 00 2,156 48 „ 4,126,739 00- 34 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. UNDER'^THE DIRECTION OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT. Army proper Military Academy Fortifications and other works of defence Armories, arsenals, and munitions ofwar.... Harbors, rivers, roads, &c Surveys Arming and equipping the militia Pay of volunteers, &c Relief of sundry individuals, and miscellaneous...-.. . . . . Exterision ofthe Capitol, &c Continuing Post Office building Washington aqueduct Total under the War Department.,».I $9,397,801 54 179,586 47 1,519,968 63 726,963 53 805,053 25 264,814 93 183, 945- 58 105,843 97 814,848 46 650,000 00 40,000 00 80,0000 00 -= $14,773,826 36 UNDER THE'DIRECTION OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. Pay and subsistence, including medicines, &c Increase, repairs, ordnance, and equipments ..-.~. Six steam-frigates ...*,. Contingent expenses Navyyards,&c Hosijitals Magazines : Relief of sundry individuals, and miscellaneous Marinecorps 4,479,237 2,618, 047 l,801,9r'4 730,402 1,471,692 44,490 21,754 517,172 411,852 89 29 52 99 59 31 57 81 20 Total under the Navy Department 13,281, 341 01 PULLIC DEBT. Interest on the public debt, including treasury notes Redemption of the stock of 1842 Do do 1843 Do do..--..1846 Do do 1847 1 Do do 1848....... Redemption of Texan indemnity stock Rederaption of the debt of the cities of Washington, Georgetown, and Alexandria Reimbursement of treasury notes issued under acts prior to July 22, 1846, paid in specie Presmium paid on stock redeemed..--.-. 2, 314, 374 882,525 27,900 955,990 3,556,150 848,650 384,000 99 00 00 86 00 00 00 4,100 00 50 00 870,787 39 Total public debt 9,844,528 24 Total expenditures... _„ Balance in the treasury July 1, 1855 = .- 66,209,922 04 18,931,976 01 F. BIGGER, Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, November 17, 1855. • • N o . 2. - Statement ofi the receipts and expendiiures ofi the United States fior the quarter ending September 30, 1855, exclusive ofi trust fiunds. RECEIPTS. Fromcustoms sales of public lands miscellaneous sourceSo-.o-o =o- = »o.« - ...^........ „_ „„ $17,085,238 28 2,355,725 87 333,495 98 19,774,460 13 35 EEPOET ON THB FINANCES. EXPENDITURES. Civil—miscellaneous and foreign intercourse Interior—pensions. , Indian-department ' War—army prpper, &c fortifications, & c - - - - . miscellaneous $5,117,860 25 , «-. $624,548 1,175,093 — 3,969,392 .700,934 471,784 Navy Redemption of stock of the loan of 1842 Redemption of stock of the loan of 1846 Redemption of stock of the loan of 1847 Redemption of stock of the loan of 1848 Redemption of debt contracted by Washington, Georgetown, and Alexandria Premium on stock redeemed -. 64 55 1,799,642 19 76 49 13 ' 5,142,111 38 4,282,292 57 72,900 127,300 11,600 22,300 00 00 00 00 2,400 00 20,821 75 257,321 75 Deduct excess of repayments on account of interest on the public debt, being amount refunded for advances on that account — 5,112 04 252,209 71 16,594,116 .10 F. BIGGER, Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Qffice, November 17, 1855. No. 3.—Statement showing the amount ofi United States stoclc, &c.y redeemed firom the 1st ofi July^ 1851, to the l^th ofi November, 1855, inclusive ; the premium and interest p a i d on the same, and the amount ofi the public debt outstanding this day. Loans. Outstanding July 1, 1854. 1842 $5,217,420 1843... 27,900 1846 2,647,213 1847 16,745,350 1848 12,839,741 Texan indemnity.. 4,480, 000 Texan iudemnity not issued 5,000, 000 Redeemed since. Interest paid. Outstanding Nov. 17, 1855. 81 $924,125 00 $103,209 25 $17,380 49 $4,293,295 81 697 50 27,900 00 00 38,333 00 22,047 32 1,368,213 26 26 1,279,000 00 00 3, 657, 450 00 596,767 00 69,648 96 n 3 , 088,800 00 996,350 00 162,321 00 17,527 99 11,893,391 80 80 7,181 94 23,760 00 384,000 00 4,096,000 00 00 5, 000, 000 00 00 47,007,625 87 7,268,825 00 Treasury notes outstanding. . . . Old funded and unfunded debtDebt of corporate cities. ... Premium . paid. 113,261 64 924,395 25 134,484 20 t950 00 112, 311 64 114,118 54 114,118 54 7,200 00 39,739,700 87 3,600 00. 47,242,206 05 7,273, 375 00 t500 00 ........... 924,895 25 134,484 20 3,600 00 39,969,731 05 F. BIGGER, Register. TTEASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, November 17, 1855. * This amount includes $900 of treasury notes funded. t This amount includes $900 of treasury notes funded, and $50 of treasury notes redeemed. t This amount assumed as preinium. No. 4.—Statement exhihiting present liabilities of the United States to Indian trihes, under stipulations of treaties, i&c.— (See report ofthe Secretary of the Interior-, November 1, 1855.) CO >• L ^ '^ :; " ^ CD - lo ^ . ^_ oE QJQ. Description of annuities, stipulations, &c. N a m e s of tribeso References to laws. Number of instalments yet u n a p propriated, explanations, &c. <« -S ' - t ^ CCS o « °"^^ o^ ^ c«^ =' OJ 5 2 ' ^ n O Vi K5 £ t^ .5:5 S - i -S a 3 o »H o w S fl QJ O O n CT3 m => ^ S O "5 <3 hj Camanches, Kiowas, and Apaches, of t h e Arkansas river. Do F o r the purchase of goods, provisions, 2d session 33d Conand agricultural implements; per 6th gress, page 166, article ofthe treaty of July 27, 1853. .do do........ Chippew^as, of L a k e Superior. Money, goods, provisions, and tobacco. Compare ^d article of treaty of July 29, 1837, and 8tl) article of treaty of September 30, 1854. Money, goods, support of schools, provisions and tobacco. Corapare 4th article of treaty of October 4, 1842, and Sth article treaty Septem-ber 30, 1854. T w e n t y instalments, in coin, goods, implements. &c., andfor education ; 4th article of treaty of September 30,1854. T w e n t y instalments for six smiths and assistants, and iron and steel; 5th and 2d articles treaty of September 30,1854. Five instalments for the Bois Forte b a n d ; 12th article treaty of September 30, 1854. Transportation and expense delivering goods. Do. Do. Do. Chippewas, of the Mississippi, Money, goods, provisions, and tobacco. Compare 2d article treaty of July 29, 1837, and Sth article treaty of September 30,1854. Vol. 7, page 536, ahd 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. Vol. 7, page 592, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. 2d session 33d Congress, page 220. 2d session 33d Congress, page 220. 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. Vol. 7, page 536, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. Ten instalments, of ^18,000, provided ; eight instalments, of ^18,000 each, yet unappropriated. Total of future appropriations required Transportation of goods and provisions the eight years, at ^7,000 per year. T w e n t y i n s t a l m e n t s ; two-thirds of the last of twenty instalments only unappropriated; two-thirds is Twenty-five i n s t a l m e n t s ; eleven yet unappropriated ; two-thirds is ^18,000, and is payable to these Indians. Total of future appropriations required T w e n t y instalments, of ^19,000 each ; nineteen unappropriated, ^i'otal of future appropriations required Tvventy instalments, estimated at 6,360 e a c h ; nineteen unappropriated. Total of future appropriations required Five instalments, of ^2,000 e a c h ; four nnappropriated. See l l t h article treaty September 30, 1854, transportation, &c., ' ^5.000 per year, 19 years. T w e n t y i n s t a l m e n t s ; one-third of the last of twenty. af144,000 00 56,000 00 o w 20,666 66 198,000 00 O Ul 361,000 00 120,840 00 8,000 00 95,000 00 10,333 34 Do Do Do Do. Do... Do Do Do Do Chickasaws Chippewas, Menomonies, Winnebagoes and JV. York Indians. Chippewas of Saginaw. Do.. . Do.. Choctaws, Money, goods, support of schools, provisions, and t o b a c c o ; compare 4th- article treaty October 4, 1842, and Sth article treaty September 30, 1854. Support of three blacksmith s h o p s ; 2d article treaty July 29, 1837. T w o farmers and sraiths and assistants, shops, iron, and s t e e l ; 4ili article treaty October 4, 1842, and Sth article treaty September 30,1854. T w e n t v instalments in m o n e y of $20,000 each. Money, $10,666 6 7 ; goods, $8,000; and purposes of utility, $4,000 ; 3d article treaty February 22, 1855. F o r purposes of education ; same article and treaty. For support of smith s h o p s ; same article and treaty. Vol. 7, page 592, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. Twenty-five i n s t a l m e n t s ; yet unappropriated. Vol. 7,page 530, and 2d session .33d Congress, page 221. Tvventy instalments of $3,000 each; last unappropriated ; SUi article treaty September 30, 1854; onethird due. Twent3'-five instalments ; eleven unappropriated ; one-third payable to these Indians, viz : $1,000 per year for eleven years 3d article treaty February 22,1855; nineteen not yet appropiiated. Thirty instalments, $22,666 66f; twenty-nine unappropriated; total of twenty-nine instalments of $22,666 66f each. T w e n t y instalments $3,000 each ; nineteen unappropriated. Fifteen instalments, estimated at $2,120 e a c h ; fourteen unappropriated. Five instalments, $600 e a c h ; four unappropriated. Expenses necessary to deliver annuities—say $5,000 per year for ten years, $3,000 per year for next ten years, and $1,000 per year for next nine years. Act Feb. 28, 1799; $3,000 per year. 5th article treaty August 11, 1827... V o l . 7 , page 592, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 221. Pamphlet treaty, page 5, section 3. Pamphlet treaty, page 6. .do., ...do. .do.. ...do. Powder, lead, shot, &c.; s a m e article and treaty. Transportation and expenses ; see 5t.h article treaty. ...do do ...do do Permanent annuity in goods Education, during the pleasure Congress. Vol. 1, page 6 1 9 . . . . Vol. 7, page 3 0 4 . . . . of Pernianent a n n u i t i e s : treaties of 1795, 1807, and 1819. , Vol. 7. pages 5 1 , 106, and 204. 4th article treaty August 3, 1795 $1,000 2d article treaty November 17,1807 800 4th articletreaty September 24,1819 .^ 1,000 Permanent provision for smiths, implements, cattle, labor, &c. Education, during the pleasure of Congress. Permanen t annuities Vol. 7, pages 205 and 530. Vol. 7, page 291 Sth article treaty of 1819, and 7th article treaty J a n . 14, 1837, $ 2 , OOU. 6th article treaty August 5, 1826, $1,000. 2d article treaty November 16,1805 $3,000 13ih article treaty October 18,1820 600 2d article treaty J a n u a r y 20, 1825 3,000 Vol. 7, pages 99, 213, and 235. 99,000 00 1.000 00 11,000 00 380,000 00 657,333 34 o 57, 000 00 29. 680 00 o ,400 00 ,000 00 w $3,000 00 $60,000 00 $1,500 00 o m 2,800 00 56,000 00 2,000 00 40,000 00 6,600 00 132,000 00 1,000 00. CO .1^ STATEMENT—Continued. CO oo ,-^3 >> >> I O ' o ci JJ = ' ^ ) G N a m e s of tribes. Description of annuities, stipulations, &c. References to laws. Number of instalments yet unappropriated, explanations, &c. c s o • C ; rt C ^ 5 ^ QJ ' o •.;:3 " - - fc C a Provision for smith, &c Vol. 7, pages 212 and 236. Christian I n d i a n s . P e r m a n e n t annuity Creeks Permanent a n n u i t i e s . . . Vol. 4, pages 58 and 183. Vol. 7,pages 36,69, and 287. ... Do.. Smith shops, &c Vol. 7, page 287 Do.. Smiths, &c.—two for t w e n t y years . V o l . 7 , page 368 Do.. Do.. Vol. 7, page 287 Vol. 7 page 368, and vol. 9, page 822. Delawares Do.. Do.. Wheelwright, (permanent) Thirty-three instalments ior education ; 13th article treaty Mar., 1832, and 4th article treaty J a n . , 1845. T w e n t y instalments for education; 4th article treaty January, 1845. Allowances during the pleasure of the Pre.sident. Life annuities to two chiefs Interest on $46,080, at 5 per cent Eight instalments of $1,250 each Florida Indians, or Seminoles. Fifteen instalments in goods, of $2,000, and fifteen in money, of $3,000. Vol. 7, page 369, and vol. 9, page 822. Interest on $57,500, being the balance of $157,500. Vol. 7, page 568, and 1st session 33d Congress, page 147. Do.. Do.. Vol. 9, page 822 Vol. 7, pages 287 and 419. V o l . 7 , page 399 Vol. 7; page 327 1st session 33d Congress, page 142. « 52 ri ^ rt cr S S rt^= ^ lO =5 - •rs ! *J C £ «, ° r„ 5 ' .^s QJ O QJ $920 00 6th article treaty October IS, 1820, and 9th articletreaty J a n u a r y 2 0 , 1825—say $920. Acts May 6, 1824, and May 20, 1826, $400. 4th article treaty of August, 1790 $1,500 2d article treaty J u n e 16, 1802 3,000 4th article treaty J a n u a r y 24, 1826 20,000 $18,400 00 w >lj o 8,000 00 o Sth article treaty J a n u a r y 24, 1826, say $1,110, L a s t of tvventy instalments to be appropriated. Sth article treaty of J a n . , 1820, $600. Thirty-three instalments of $3,000 each ; eight yet unappropriated. T w e n t y instalments, $3,000 ^ach ; eight yet unappropriated. 5th article treaty February 14,1833, and 8th article treaty Jan. 24,1826. Treaties of 1829, 1818. and 1 8 3 2 . . . . Resolution of Senate,'Jan. 19, 1832. 6th article treaty May 6, 1854; eight instalments of $1,250 e a c h ; six yet to be appropriated. 4th article treaty May 9, 18-32, and 6th article treaty January 4,1845; three yet to be appropriated. 2d article treaty October 19, 1838, and 9th article treaty May 17, 1854. OJ C c .::; C rt .-( o '.^^ OJ 2 % a Choctaws—Continued... - ^ ffi >> 24,500 00 1,11.0 00 490,000 00 22,200 00 a 600 00 12,000 00 O tri Ul 2,304 00 46,080 00 2,875 00 57,500 00 $2,220 00 24,000 00 24,000 00 $4,710 00 200 00 7,500 00 15,000 00 Kansas Kaskaskias and others Do Kickapoos Interest on $200,000 Six instalments—three of $13,000 and three of $9,000 each. Vol. 9, page 842 1st session ,33d Congress, page 160. Five instalments for smiths, &c 1st session 33d Congress, page 160. 1st session 33d Congress, page 155. 1st session 33d Congress, page 155. Interest on $100,000 ,.. Graduated payraents on $200,000 . . . . Do Pay of miller fifteen y e a r s . . . , Menomonies Do Support of smiths' shop twelve years. Do T e n instalments of $20,000 each Fifteen equal instalments to pay $242,686, to c o m m e n c e in 1867. Vol. 9, page 95.3, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 195. Vol.9, page 953,and 2d ses.sion 33d Congress, page 195. V o l . 9 , page 953 2d session 33d Congress, page 195. Do P e r m a n e n t provisionsfor smiths' shop and miller. Vol. 7, pages 191 and 464, and 2d session 33d Congress, page 205. T w e n t y instalments in raoney, 2d article treaty of 1840, and 6th article treaty of'1854. 2d session 33d Congress, pages 205 and^ 206 ; vol. 7, page 583. Miamies Do Do Do Miamies of Eel r i v e r . . . , Navajoes Nisqually, and other bands of Puget's Sound. Do Osages.... , , . 200,000 00 40,000 00 2,820 00 5,000 00 2d article treaty May 18, 1854 ; forty-five thousand heretofore appropriated. 3d article treaty May 12, ,1854, $9,000; heretofore appropriated, S2 400. T w e l v e instalments, of $916 66f each. 155,000 00 4th article treaty of 1848 T h e paymentof the $200,000 begins in 1857 and ends in 1866, tiien payment of $242,686 is to com• raence ; the two suras to be paid in twenty-five years ensuing. 5th article treaty October 6, 1818, 5th article treaty October 23, 1834, and 4th article treaty J u n e 5,1854—say $940 for shops and $'600 for miller. $12,500 per year, five yet to be appropriated—total $62,500. This araount is subject to a reduction of $6,218 52; see act August 30, 18.52, and treaty J u n e 5, 1854, 6th article. 4th article treaty J u n e 5,1854; four yet to be appropriated. 3d"article treaty J u n e 5, 1854 200,000 00 242,686 00 2d session 33d Congress, page 205. 2d session 33d Congress, page 204. Interest on $221,257 86, at 5 per cent.. 2d session 33d Congress, Senate's a m e n d m e n t to 4th article pages 205 and 209. treaty of 1854. Vol. 7, pages 57,91,114, 4th article treaty of 1795, 3d article P e r m a n e n t annuities treaty of 1805, and 3d article treaty and 116. of September, 1809, aggregate. 10th article treaty of Sept. 9, 1849 .. Vol. 9, page 975. Presents to the tribe Graduated payraents extending twenty Parnphlet treaty, page 4, 4th article treaty December 26, 1854; the sum of $3,250 having years for payment of $32,5(50. been appropriated, hereafter required P a y of instructor, smith, physician, Pamphlet treaty, page 5. 10th article sarae treaty, estimated at $4,500 per year; nineteen incarpenter, &c., for twenty years. stalments yet to be appropriated. T w e n t y instalments of $20,000 T w e n t y instalments, 2d article treaty V o l . 7 , page 576. e a c h ; one to be yet appropriated. J a n u a r y 11,1839. Six instalments, of $31,739 11 each, to Miaraies residing west. Interest on $50,000, at 5 per cent Do 10,000 00 I 2d article treaty January 1 4 , 1 8 4 6 . . , 6th article treaty May 30,1854—one of $13,000 and three of $9,000, to be appropriated. T h r e e yet to be appropriated, say $940 each. 2d article treaty May 18, 1854 100,000 00 6,600 00 11,000 00 Pi ^^ O 1,540 00 30,800 00 O "^ m 56,281 48 a a 126,956 44 2,500 00 50,000 00 11,062 89 221,2.57 86 1,100 00 22,000 00 Ul 5,000 00 29,250 00 85,500 00 20,000 00 CO STATEMENT-^Gontinued, o rt— o-" §^^ a o - ^ J- « rs? Description of annuities, stipulations, &c. N a m e s of tribes. References to laws. Number of instalrnents yet unappropriated, explanations, &c. QJ = ~ " ' ^ ' ^ 3 M a .— J- t s 02 2 *gillis 3 *^ ^« QJ .ti rt a^ >> Vl rt . 5 ;>> 3 crt <^' c S = ^ 5 ^ =' &-sl i l l l l ;^s b n & c y a i i CD o <a T w e n t y instalments of $2,000 each ; one to be appropriated. Senate resolution of January 19, ....do do.. Do 1838, in paymentof fifty-four sections of land spt apart by treaty OfJanuary, 1825. Forty instalments graduated, ($840,- 1st session 33d Con- 1st instalment paid ; see 4th article Omahas gress, supplemental," treaty March 16, 1854; to be ap000,) extending over Ibrty years. page 136. propriated. do d o . . . . Sth article of treaty, estimated at Support of smith shops, miller, and Do $2,140 per y e a r ; nine years to farmer, ten years. be provided for. Ottoes and Missourias... Forty instalments graduated, ($385,- 1st session 33d Con- 4th article treaty March l o , 1854 ; one instalment paid; to be apgress, supplemental, 000,) extending through forty years. propriated hereafter page 131. Support of smith shops, miller, and 1st session 33d Con- 7th article same treaty, estiniated Do at $2,140 per y e a r ; one paid; to gress, supplemental, farmer, for ten years. be appropriated page 132. Vol. 7, pages 54,106, 4th article treaty August 3, 1795,2d P e r m a n e n t annuity Ottowas ' ' 179, and 220. article treaty November 17, 1807, 4th article treaty September 17, 1818, and 4th article treaty August 29, 1821. Resolution of Senate of May 19, Ottowas and Chippewas Interest on $200,000, at 6 per c e n t . . . . Vol. 7, page 497 of Michigan. 1836; per year, .$12,000. Education, $ 5 , 0 0 0 ; missions, $3,000; Vol. 7, page 492 Do See 4th article treaty March 28, medicines, $ 3 0 0 ; during the pleas1836. ure of Congress. Do ,.... Three blacksmiths, Sec, one gunSee 7th article treaty March 28, smith, &c., two farmers and assist- Vol. 7, page 493 1836; annnally allowed since the ant, and two mechanics and assistexpiration of the nurnber of years ants, during pleasure of Congress named in the treaty; aggregate, and President. $5,440. Pawnees Agricultural irnplements during the See 4th article treaty October 9, pleasure of the President. 1833. Vol. 7, page 488, ;es—Continued- S m i t h s ' establisliment for twenty years, same article. I n t e r e s t on $69,120, at 5 per cent bd $2,000 00 V o l . 7 , page 576 $3,456 00 $69,120 00 o O 800,000 00 >^ W tei 19,260 00 a 365,000 00 19,260 00 $8,300 00 6,440 00 1,000 00 4,300 00 86,000 00 12,000 00 240,000 00 Permanent annuities in money.. Vol. 7, pages 51, 114, 185, 317,320, and vol. 9, page 855. 4th article treaty of 1795. . $1,000 3d article treaty of 1 8 0 9 . . . . 500 3d article treaty of 1818 2,500 2d article treaty of 1 8 2 8 . . . . 2,000 2d article t r e a t y J u l y , 1829.. 16,000 iOth article treaty J u n e , 1846 300 Do Life annuity to surviving c h i e f s . . . . Vol.- 7, pages 379 and 433. 3d article treaty Oct. 20,1832 3d article treaty Sept. 26,1833 Do Education during pleasure of Congress Vol. 7, pages 296, 318, and 401. Do... P e r m a n e n t provision for three smiths and assistants, shops, &.c. Do Perraanent provision for furnishing salt Vol. 7, pages 75, 296, and 320. Pottawatomies 446,000 00 Do Pottawatomies Huron. (Quapaws Rogue Rivers of the , , Shasta, Scoton, and U m p q u a Indians. Vol. 7, pages 318, 296, and 321. Interest on $643,000, at 5 per cent.. Vol. 9, page 854 Perraanent annuity....". Vol. 7, page 106 Provision for e d u c a t ' n , $1,000 peryear, Vol. 7, page 425 and for smith and shops and farmer, during the pleasure of the President. Sixteen instalments of $2,500 each..', 2d session 33d Con,' gress, page 171. $2,000 annually for fifteen y e a r s . Pamphlet, page 4. Do Support of schools and farmer fifteen years. Pamphlet, page 5 . . . . . Do T w o smiths, &c., for five years ; physician, medicine, &c., ten years. Pamphlet, page 5 . . . . . . Permanent annuity Vol. 7, page 85 Sacs and Foxes of the Mississippi. Do Interest on $200,000, at 5 per c e n t . . . . Vol. 7, page 541 Do Interest on $800,000, at 5 per cent Vol. 7, page 596 Do Thirty instalments, of $20,000 e a c h . , , V o l . 7 , page 3 7 5 . . . . . . . Do Provision for smith and shops, gunsraith and shop, and for tobacco and salt. Vol. 7, page 375 200 700 3d article treaty Oct. 16,1826,2d article treaty Sept. 20.1828, and 4th article treaty Oct. 27,1832—$5,000. 2d article treaty Sept. 20, 1828, 3d article treaty Oct. 16, 1826, and 2d article treaty July 29, 1829— three shops, at $940 each per year, $2,820. • 3d article of treaty of 1803, 3d article treaty of Oct. 1826, and 2d article treaty July 29, 1829—estiraated $500. 7th article treaty of J u n e , 1846, annual interest—$32,150. 2d article treaty IMov. 17, 1807—$400 3d article treaty May 13,1833, $1,000 per year for education, and $1,660 for smith, farmer, &c.—$2,660. 3d article treaty Sept. 10,1853, fourteen instalments yet to be appropriated. 3d article treaty of Nov. 18, 1854, fourteen instalments yet to be provided for. 5th article same t r e a t y ; estimated for schools, %1,200 per year, and farmer, $600 per year—$1,800 per year for fourteen years. S a m e a r t i c l e ; four years, at $2,120 per y e a r ; nine years, at $1,060 per year. 3d articl etr eaty of November, 1804— $1,000. 2d article treaty of October, 1837— $10,000. 2d article treaty of Oct. 11,1842— $40,000. 3d article treaty of Sept. 21, 1832, six to be yet provided for. 4th article treaty of Sept. 2 1 , 1832, six to be yet provided for—annually estimated at $2,880. 900 00 5,000 00 2,820 00 t=j 500 00 10,000 00 O 32,150 00 643,000 00 o 400 00 8,000 00 W 35,000 00 tei 28,000 00 a 25,200 00 Ul 18,020 00 1,000 00 20,000 00 10,000 00 -200,000 00 40,000 00 800,000 00 120,000 00 17,280 00 M^ STATEMENT-^Continued. i4^ iP -= c a^ £ o - ^ b » a 5 " " ._ ..J — c (- _^ ^ ^ O CJ Q J : ^ ~ ! « * ^ 3 M C Description of annuities, stipulations, N a m e s of tribes. &c. Reference to laws. ;•• N u m b e r of instalments yet u n a p propriated, explanations, &c. •.i-j .£3 >- i - c " ^ 5 S S. P g 2 ^ I ^ u^ I I S. ° *! = ° c 5 >.o ^ a; ^ - a ^ C « " • " rt -C -73 « 5 QJ ^ QJ — QJ CO rt = ^ g,.o-j|Qrf5 tJO'C 3 = S K i H t o CM t U C C ' S ' p J ^ J QJ O QJ Sacs a n d Foxes of Missouri. Senecas. Interest on $48,000. $157,400; Permanent annuities. balance of Vol. 7, page 544. 2d article treaty of October 21,1837 1st session 33d. Congress, page 151. Vol. 7, pages 161 and 179. 2d article treaty of May 18,1854; to be appropriated 4th article treaty September 29, 1817, $ 5 0 0 ; 4th article treaty September 17. 1818, $500. 4th article treaty Feb. 28, 1831— say $1,660. Provision for sraith and smith shops^ Vol. 7, page 349 and miller, during the pleasure of the President. Vol. 4, page 442 , Act Pebruary 19, 1831.. .$6,000 00 S e n e c a s of N e w Y o r k . Perraanent annuity • Act J u n e 27, 1846 3,750 00 Vol. 9, page 35 Interest on $75,000 Act J u n e 27, 1846 2,152 50 Interest on $43,0,50 transferred to the . . . . d o do treasury frora the Ontario Bank. 4th article treaty Sept. 17,1818. Vol. 7, page 179 Senecas and Shawnees Permanent annuity Do 4th article treaty July 20, 1831.. Provision for support of sraith and Vol. 7, page 352 shop, during the pleasure of the President. Shawnees Permanent annuities for education . . . Vol. 7, pages 51 and 161, 4th article treaty August 3, 1795; 4th article treaty September 29, and 2d session 33d 1817; and 3d article treaty May Congress, page 156. .10,18.54. Do 3d article treaty May 10, 1854 Interest on $40,000. .do., .do. 3d article treaty May 10, 1854; Pavments for lands, eight instalments, .do.. .do. Do $200,000 appropriated heretofore; &c. six payraents remaining. 6th article treaty November 11, Six Nations of N e w Yorki P e r m a n e n t annuity in clothing, &c. . . Vol. 7, page 46. 1794, $4,500 per year. Sioux of the Mississippi. Interest on $300,000 2d article treaty September 29,1837 V o l . 7 , page 539 Do.. . : . . Fifty instalments of interest on Supplement to L a w s 4ih article treaty July 23, 1851; $1,360,000, at 5 per cent. $68,000 p e r y e a r ; forty-five in32d Congress, page stalments to be provide d for. Do. Fifty instalments of interest on Supplement to L a w s Senate's amendment to 3d article ; $112,000; being 10 cents per acre . forty-five instalments of $5,600 to 32d Congress, page for reservation. | 53, be provided for. Do £ rt S3 .^j C C! $7,870 00 o rt > ^ S $157,400 00 tei O $18,000 00 1,000 00 20,000 00 O $1,660 00 w 11,902 50 1,000 00 238,050 00 20,000 00 1,060 00 teJ teJ > Cl tei m 5,000 00 40,000 00 589,000 00 3,060,000 00 *252,000 00 4,050 00 90,000 00 15,000 00 300,000 00 Do. Fifty instalments $1,160,000. of interest Do.. Fifty instalments on $69,000; being 10 cents per acre for reservation. S u p p l e m e n t , to 32d Congress, .57. Supplement to 32d Congress, 59. on Do. T w e n t y instalments in goods Vol. 7, page 539. Do. T w e n t y instalments in agricultural implements, &c. Tvventy instalments for p r o v i s i o n s . . . . Tnterest on $16,500 T e n instalments, in goods, provisions, &c. ,...do Do Stockbridges Treaty at Fort Laramie Creek Umpquas, Calapooias, SvC, Oregon. .do. ....do do. Vol. 9, page 957. Not published... T w e n t y instalments, of 550 each . L a w s 33d Cong., supplement, page iSO. T w e n t y instalments, payments graduated. Pamphlet treaty, page 4. Do. Support of teacher, &c., t w e n t y years, Pamphlet treaty, page 5, Do. Physician, fifteen years Do. Smith and shop, and farmer, ten years , , Utahs Presents Willamette Valley bands. T w e n t y instalments', graduated payments. Do. Winnebagoes . ^ Laws page Expense of .transportation Do. U m p q u a s , Cow band. Laws page Do do do .do. .do. . Vol. 9, page 985 Pamphlet treaty, page 4. Physician, smith, &c., five y e a r s . Pamphlet treaty, page 5, Interest on $1,100,000 Vol. 7, page 546 Thirty instalments $85,000. of interest on Vol. 9, page 879 Do. Annuity of $18,000, thirty instalments, Vol. 7, page 323 Do. Annuity of $10,000, twenty-seven instalrnents. Salt and tobacco Do. Vol. 7, page 371 , , Vol. 7, pages 323 and 372. 4th article treaty August 5, 1851; $58,000 per y e a r ; forty-five instalments y ^ to be appropriated. Senate's amendment to 3d article treaty August 5, 1851; forty-five instalments of $3,450 to be provided for. 2d article treaty of 1837; one only yet to be appropriated. do do do — do do. do... 9th article treaty November 24,1848. 7th article treaty September 17,1851, as amended, $50,000 per year; five instalments unpaid. Same article, estimated at $20,000 per year. 3d article treaty September 19,1853, eighteen payments to be appropriated. 3d article treaty November 29,1854; one instalment appropriated ; 19 to be provided for. 6th article treaty Noveraber 29,1854, estiraated at $700 per vear. 6th articletreaty Noveraber 29,1854, estiraated at $1,000 per year. 6th article treaty November 29,1854, estimated at $1,660 per year. Sth article treaty Decern ber 30,1849. 2d article treaty January 10, 1855 ; one instalraent appropriated—balance 3d article treaty January 10, 1855, estimated at $2,260 per year, four years. 4th article treaty November 1,1837. 4th article treaty October 13, 1836, $4,250 por y e a r ; twenty-one instalments to be yet appropriated. 2d article treaty of August, 1829; three instalments due. 3d artic le treaty Septeraber 1.5,1832; three instalments due. 2d article treaty of 1829, and 5th articletreaty of 1832; three instalments due—say 2,610,000 00 *155,250 00 10,000 00 8,250 00 5,500 00 825 00 16,500 00 250,000 00 100,000 00 tei hj 9,900 00 O H3 35,500 00 O 13,300 00 14,000 00 td 14,940 00 a 5,000 00 \> 140,000 00 9,040 00 fe! o fc=l 55,000 00 1,100,000 00 54,000 00 30,000 00 3.600 00 * T h e Indians having accepted and removed to the reservations, which the Senate had determined they m u s t relinquish, and Congress having recently authorized the President to confirra those reservations to them. After such confirmation is formally made and accepted, the question may arise whether the United States is longer bound to pay these items to the Indians. Ul CO STATEMENT—Continued. •clJ .> QJ c i CJ- C •-> in in Q i J; -= C~r. t„S* 2" "=o ^i io^ ^ =5 C Names of tribes. Description of annuities,-stipulations, &c.. References to laws. Number of instalments yet unappropriated, explanations, &c. life's c: rt .5 ;>>-3 «^ S 5^ G rt >, O = ^ •- rt .-•3 -^ ^ = •QJ ^ E r3 3 ra ^ C "^ S > £ . « -iS o .-2 i^O 3 S 3 ^'C 3 ,- tf O S lllf|.g1S tJJ a O^ S: -.3 QJ tJ QJ g.| o = £« « rt > IS fi <5 Winnebagoes—Contin'd. Do Wyandotts T h r e e smiths and assistants, laborers, Education, agriculturist, and physician. Three instalments to pay, $380,000..., 3d article treaty of 1829, and 5th article treaty of 1832; say three years to be provided for. 4th and Sth anicles treaty SeptemVol. 7, page 372 ber 15,1832, $5,900 peryear; three payraents to be provided. Pamphlet treaty, page 6, 6th article treaty January 31,1855; two instalments yet to be paid. O &d 17,700 00 O fel 253,333 34 $44,430 00 Add for Indians paid by the Treasury Department— Cherokee Indians remaining'in North Carolina under act of July 29,1848, to w i t : 1,516 Indians, at $53 33 e a c h - tei hj $9,550 00 Vol. 7, page 324 , at 6 p e r c e n t . . 12,590,200 60 .$311,3;:5 59 $6,226,707 86 fej l> fel o tei 12,671,048 88 This expenditure annually diminishes as the Indians die. RECAPITULATION. Annual amount necessary to meet stipulations, indefinite as to time, n o w allowed, but liable to be discontinued Aggregate of future appropriations that will be required during a limited number of years to pay limited annuities till they expire, and amounts incidentally necessary to effect the pay rnents A m o u n t of annual iiabilities of a permanent character .• A m o u n t s held by the United States on which 5 per cent, is annually paid; and amounts which, invested at 5 per c e n t , would produce the permanent annuities $44,430 00 12,671,048 88 311,335 39 6,226,707 86 19,253,522 13 \. O F F I C E INDIAN A F F A I R S , November 1, 1855. tei 80,848 28 -— : 45 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 5. Statement exhibiting stoclcs held in trust by the Secretary ofi the Interior fior Indian tribes, under sundry treaties and laws, "(exclusive ofi the Ghickasaio fiunds.) Rate per cent. Amount. Creek orphans—2d article treaty of 1832. United States loan, 1842 State of Virginia State of Kentucky . , State of Missouri State of Missouri State of Tennesse » -- • - — . , . .^.. 6 6 5 6 5 $49, 900 84 73,800 00 1,000 00 28,000 00 28,041 76 20,000 00 ' 200,742 60 Menomonies—article treaty of 1836. UnitedStates loan, 1842 United States loan, 1847 State of Kentucky State of Tennessee State of Missouri .. „ -... „... . -..- = -. 6 6 5 5 6 26,114 88 21,321 10 ^ 77,000 00 19,OOO 00 9,967 60 153,403 58' Ottowas and Chippewas—Uh article treaty of 1836. United States loan, 1842 United States loan, 1847 State of Virginia „ State of Tennessee .-.= :,„=.«.„ State of Missouri „o..„oo i, = : , - --, - 6 6 6 5 6 4,588 97 2,274 47 3,000 00 1,000 00 10,062 30 20,925 74 . Chippewas of Swan Creek—article treaty of 1836. --- 6 5,587 42 .-.-c.— 6 1,571 13 State of Missouri Ottowas of Roche de Boevf—article treaty of I83I. State of Missouri ,o»», Ottowas of Blanchard's Fork—article treaty of 1831, State of Missouri „ • 8,473 22 Chippewas, Ottowas, and Pottawatomies—mills and education—3d article treaty of 1833. United States loan, 1842 United States loan, 1847 State of Missouri State of Maryland State of Indiana... o.o o. - -. » / . . . ,. ^^........o........... 7,478 8,317 150 130,850 68, 000 64 37 00 43 00 214,796 44 46 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Rate per cent. Amount. Senecas and Shawnees—acts of June 14, 1836, and January 9,1837. State of Missouri... „o State of Missouri „ State of Kentucky -. - - 6 $3,466 10 7 000 00 ^^6,000 00 ^^^^ - 5 16,466 10 Kansas schools—article treaty of 1835. United States loan 1842, „ United States loan, 1847 State of Missouri State of M i s s o u r i . . . . . . . . . . . . ." 6 6 6 - 4,444 1 540 2, 570 18,000 - -. 66 06 28 00 26,555 00 Choctaws, under convention with Chickasaws—February 17, 1837. United States loan, 1 8 4 2 . . . . - - . . State of Virginia --State of Missouri = „ 1- = ...^ 6 . 1,734 71 450,000 00 2,000 00 453,734 71 Delawares—education—article treaty of 1829. United States loan,.1842..„= = = ..^............... 6 7,806 28 6 6 24,679 56 7, 044 46 Osages-—education—article treaty of 1825. United States loan, 1842- = = . State of M i s s o u r i . . . . . . . . . . . .. .^.... ...... =0 = 00 ==. 31,724 02 Stockbridges and Munsees—article treaty of 1840. United States loan, 1842= ===00........ 6 5,204 16 6 6 6 60,893 62 18,026 97 19,471 20 Choctaws—education, article treaty of 1830. United States loan, 1842 » ....1...... United States loan, 1847 0-0000..... 0= . . . State of M i s s o u r i . . . . . . . . . . u . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . a»oo=. = . 98,391 79 j EEPORT ON THE 47 FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Amount. R a t e per cent. Wyandotts—Senate amendment to treaty of April 1, 1850. $105,000 00 1,594 53 State of Tennessee . State of Missouri . - 106,594 53 Cherokee schools—1819. State of Missouri State of Maryland United States Loan, 1847 $10,000 00 41,138 00 5,800 00 -. 56,938 00 Cherokee—article treaty of 1835; supplement of 1836. State State State State State of of of of of Virginia Tennessee Kentucky Maryland Michigan. -- $270,000 00 250,000 00 94,000 00 761 39 64,000 00 <»c = oo „- -. --.. 678,761 39 Senecas—acts June 14, 1836, and January 9, 1837. State of Kentucky 5,000 00 RECAPITULATION. Creek orphans Menomonies Ottowas and Chippewas Chippewas of Swan creek .^ Ottowas of Roche de Boeuf. Ottowas of Blanchard's F o r k Chippewas, Ottowas, and Pottawatoraies Senecas and Shawnees Kanzas schools Choctaws, under convention with Chickasaws Delaware education „ Osages, education » • Stockbridges and Munsees Choctaws, education V^yandotts Cherokees, schools, 1819 Cherokees, treaty 1835-'6 Senecas o. o . o . . , _ _ _ _ _ _ » . '. - .-- - _. o.... $200,742 153,403 20, 925 5,587 1;57I 8J 473 214,796 16, 466 26, 555 453,734 7,806 31,724 5,204 98, 391 106,594 56,938 678,761 5,000 60 58 74 42 13 22 44 10 00 71 28 02 16 79 53 00 39 00 2,092,676 11 48 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 5—Continued, List ofi trust fiund bonds in custody of the Treasurer of the United States for safe-keeping, fior the benefit ofi the Chickasaivs, 141 Indiana five per cent., for $1,000 each, payable in 1857, interest January and July --. 61 Indiana five per cent., for $1,000 each, payable in 1856, interest January and July 1 Maryland five per cent., payable after 1849 . . ..^ 1 Maryland five per cent., payable after 1844 1 Maryland six per cent., payable after 1870 1 Maryland six per cent., payable after 1890 104 Tennessee six per cent., for $1,000 each, payable in 1890, interest January and July : L. 3 Ohio sixper cent., payable after 1856 50 Missouri six per cent., for $1,000 each, with coupons to July, 1856 17 Illinois sixper cent., for $1,000 each, payable after 1860 100 Richmond and Danville Railroad six per cent, for $1,000 each payable in 1876 : 512 Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, six per cent., for $1, 000 each, payable in 1881 20 United States loan of 1842, six per cent oo.... 1 United States loan of 1846 21 United States loan of 1847 6 United States loan of I84'8 o... 90 Arkansas six per cent., for $1,000 each, payable in 1868 Five and a quarter per cent, bonds of the State of Tennessee, in custody of the depository at Nashville ^ „ ...o $141,000 00 61,000 00 13,000 00 11,233 00 6,149 57 8, 350 17 104,000 100,000 50,000 17, 000 00 00 00 00 100,000 00 512,000 124,970 51,913 135,250 37,491 90,000 00 00 26 00 80 00 66,666 66 1, 630, 024 46 Smithsonian Fund, Amount of stocks purchased by the Seeretary of the Treasury: Stateof Arkansas ..--.' --= Stateof Michigan = ="« State of Illinois ....-' Stateof Ohio ......o.o.. United States loan.... o . . . . _ . . . . _ _ _ =................... $538,000 00 8,000 00 56,000 00 18,000 00 106,184 85 726,184 85 RECAPITULATION. Stocks held in trust by the Secretary of the Interior for Indian tribes, (exclusive of Chickasaws) , $2,092,676 11 Trust fund bonds in the custody of the Treasurer of the United States for safe-keeping, for tho benefit of the Chickasaws..-. 1,630, 024 46 3,72.2,700 57 Amount of stocks purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury for the Smithsonian fund... _ o 726,184 85 4,448, 885 42 OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, November 1, 1855. REFORT ON THE FINANCES. 49 No. 6. Trust or special fiunds on the books ofi the Treasury on 30^A June, 1855, Smitlisonian Institution.................... $55,219 48 Unclaimed merchandise.. 94,981 85 Eefunding surplus proceeds of property, sold for direct tax.. , 4,476 43 Claims on Spain, (old) 2,427 31 Claims on France, (old) 11,731 02 Awards under first article of treaty of Ghent 4,112 89 Awards under the convention with Denmark 2,453 53 Awards under the convention with the Two Sicilies 166 67 Awards under the convention with the Queen of Spain, 11 Awards under the convention with Peru.,.. .c. 19,588 79 Awards under the convention with King ofthe French, 4,945 94 Awards under the convention with the Mexican Eepublic ..., 2,250 47 Awards under the convention with Brazil 16,672 95 Carrying into effect treaty with Chickasaws of October 20, 1832, per act of Aprii 30, 1836... 110,531 87 Chickasaw orphans, under eighth article of treaty of July 1, 1834... 2,341 04 Incompetent Indians, under fourth article bf Chickasaw treaty ' 3,653 56 Cherokee schools..... ." 11,909 35 Kansas schools ,. 13,340 09 Choctaw schools...... , 670 86 Navy hospital fund , , 89,630 44 Navy pension fund 70,615 60 Privateer's pension fund...... 505 80 Prize fund—a fund arising from captures, paid into the treasury under act of third March, 1849, but which is . payable to captors...... 49,472 21 Cherokee orphans... , 1,035 00 Cherokee treaty, 1835-6. .'.....,... 18,557 38 Chippewas, Ottawas, .and Pottawatomies; education.... 15,660 23 Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pottawatomies; mills 20,091 14 Chippewas'and Swari Creek 1,642 00 Choctaw orphan reservation ...o..., 5,550 26 Choctaws, under convention with Chickasaws , 15,848 62 Creek orphans <. 7,650 10 Delawares ,.., ...„ 356 41 Menomonies c ,.. 3^722 11 Osages; education <..., , 13,850 99 Ottawas of Blanchard's forks..., , 104 07 Ottawas of Roche de Bo3uf....... 433 58 Ottawas and Chippewas ,,,,....,.....,.. 2,326 76 4 . 50 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 6—Continued. Shawnees Senecas Senecas of New York Senecas and Shawnees...... Stockbridges and Munsees Wyandots...... ,.....,,....,,..............,.0........ $1,438 125 108 446 156 2,672 10 00 21 48 12 84 .683,373 66 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 51 GOLD, SILVER, AND BANK NOTES. Totalofspecie in the coun.try. Statement ofi the amount ofi gold and silver supposed to be in circulation, ofi the^amount supposed to be in thc banks, ofi, the whole amount supposed to be inthe country, and ofi the amoiint ofi bank notes in circulation in different years, according to the authorities quoted in the margin. . "o • Years. .s§ •el P-, • cu m Millions. 1790. 1791 1792 1793. 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 , 1801 T802 1803 1804 •1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816. 1817 1818 1819 1820 I82I 1822 1823 18241825 1826' 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 Millions. Millions. ^. 9 16 18 • 20 211 19 • .16^ 16^ 14 17 - •• m 20 . 'i5.*4 """{fi' iJ" 19 22!i Authorities. Millions. ^ .. 11.6 11 104 10" 9 10 10| 11 10 11 14 15 17 • 18 ' Blodget ...'.... . . . . do ....do ' " " ....do... **• ...do ' ...do. ' "*" ...do .; ;• ....do.. * ...do.... ......... ...do................. ' ...do. ....do; ••"• ...do.. ; do ..'.'. do.*.'.".'..'.". '.'..*.'; ....do.. ...do ....do *.'.'*.*..'.*.*.'.*.;! 28to'36" Gallatin.**.*.'.'..'.'*.'.' .".'.*.'.! !*. [ [[[ [] \ [ ] ** " • • •" • 2gi •. 45 to*47*' G a l l a t i n . . . . ' . ' [,', '.'*..'.".* 68 to 70 Gallatin * * *.'.".*.' ] [ " [ [ ' ""'"ig.'s io" o . ^ 1 7 | - 17 I6i 16 174' 18" . . . . . . . . i . CD 44:*8 Gallatin... . . . f i . . ! *. '.**.'**** "*.'.' \ \ ' 32.*i 61*.* Gallatin 94** Congressional rie.ports 103 . Treasury report .*.*.*.*!'!"* !!!°I ...,...,, 52 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 7—Continued. .2 i Years Authorities. .2 ^ CD a," PH Ul Ul 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 Millions. 25 35. 52| 42 50 35 to 45 50 52 55 85 66 77 109 138 PQ Millions. Millions. Millions, 40 .65 140 38 73 149 35 87 i 116 45 87 ^ 135 33 83 107 35 107 70 to 80 28.^ 83.7 33| .58.5, 50 100 75 44 96 90 42 '97 ' 1051 35 120 1054 46 112 . 1284 43 120 ii4':7 45 154 131 48 186 155 191 59 54 204 236 250 Woodbury "..... Woodbury Woodbury Hazard, (Commercial Register). Woodbury Gouge, (Journal of Banking)... Hunt, (Merchant's Magazine). Estimates. ..do....; ..do : ..do ..do..... ..do , ..do......; ..do ..do 204.61 ..do ..do 187 Mem.—The amounts of specie in the banks and of bank notes in circulation from 1835 to 1855, inclusive, have been taken from the annual treasury reports on the condition of the banks. The araount of specie supposed to be in circulation in different years is according to the authorities quoted in the margin. The estimates are from Doc. 34, (page 280,) appended to the Report on Finances of December 4,1854, except that for 1855, which has been completed from data more lately^received. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. For the sake of convenience, the. years in the table will be divided into different periods: First period, from 1790 i^o 1804. • - ^ The only estiniates we have of the amount of specie in the country, " and of bank notes in circulation, in this period, are those offered by Blodget in his Economica, for the years from 1790 to 1804, inclusive. He was an ingenious and intelligent man; but his estimates must be regarded as mere conjectures. In those days, no account was taken at, the custom-houses of the amount of gold and-, silver exported and iinported; and the banks published no statements of their affairs. The South American mines yielded^ in this period, a fair return, and great part of their produce found its way to Europe through the United States. The suspension of specie payments by the Bank of England in 1797, and the free use of paper money on the-continent of Europe, diminished to some extent the.demand for specie in the eastern hemisphere, and had' a tendency to increase the amount in this country. . . . / . , . , 53 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The mint at Philadelphia commenced operations in a regular way in 1793. The aggregate coinage of gold and silver from that time till 1804, was $4,138,204 25, or less than-$350,000 for each year. The coin in circulation was chiefly Spanish and Portuguese. In the year 1790, with wliich Blodget commenced his table, the following named banks were all that were in operation: Name. Bank Bank Bank Bank of of of of North America New York . . . . Massachusetts. Maryland Location. Began 'Capital. operat'n. Philadelphia.. $750,000 New York.... 400,000 Boston 400,000 Baltimore . . . . 400,000 1782 1784 1784 1790 In the year 1791, the first Bank of the United States was instituted, with a caj)ital of ten million dollars. Except for a short time: after its conimencement, it issued no notes of a less denomination.than ten dollars. During this period, few banks, except perhaps those of New England, issued notes of a less denomination than five dollars. As a consequence, gold and silver were, as iis seen in Blodget's tables, and as is confirmed by other, authorities, more abundant than bank notes. Acommittee of the United States House, of Kepresentatives, Campbell P. White, chairman, say, in a report dated March 17, 1832: ^^From 1783 until the late war, (i. e. the war of 1812-'15,) the quantity of gold and silver in circulation was very large—amply sufficient to maintain a salutary degree of regularity in the total amount of currency, and calculated to secure, as far as legal regulations can secure, the very desirabl.e object, that,'every person who has coins of either silver or gold, may easily exchange them for coins of the other metal, and that the people m.ay enjoy the advantages of using either species of co,ins, according to convenience or pleasure."' A committee of the United States senate say,- in their '^ Eeport on Coins,''February 22, 1831: ' ' I t may be af&rmed that our currency, at the adoption of the Constitution, was almost entirely composed of gold and silver money: the Bank of North America was in operation, but its notes had not likely much circulation. In 1791, the first Bank of theUnited States was instituted; but it is presumed that its issues were neither very great, nor perhaps intended to be of that denomination which passes into wide circulation, as General Hamilton, who projected that institution, -was of opinion that 'bank circulation is desirable rather as an auxiliary to, than-as a substitute for, that of the precious metals. It is believed that, so lately as the year 1800, coin constituted the bulk of the circulation, and was the chief instrument used for effecting exchanges of small amount.' Bank notes were rarely seen south of the Potomac, or west of the mountains; and having had probably a restricted circulation in the interior of any State, it is not unlikely but that the people of the United States, until that period, (banks being too few and distant to be used as general depositories,) did enjoy the advantage of "using either species of coinS; according to convenience or pleasure," 54 , REPORT ON THE FINANCES. A Virginia writer gives the following account of those times :• " F r o m the adoption of. the federal Constitution iri ,1787 down to 1804, banks were unknown 'in Virgiriia, with the exception of a branch ofthe old United States B a n k i n Norfolk, about 1799 or 1800. The paper of this, bank scarcely found its way into the interior of the country; and it may be truly said, the currency of the country was metaUic. Until the year 1798, no people enjoyed, more happiness or prosperity than the people of the United States, nor did any country^ ever flourish more within the space of time. The desk of every . agriculturist in Virginia had some gold or silver to spare, if he was a prudent, industrious man; or he had something like money to spare in the hands of his merchant, who, in the days of which I am speaking, acted as a banker to his prospering customers. Nor was any interest paid upon such moneys as might be deposited in the hands of the merchant; because both planter and merchant considered themselves accomniodated by the arrangement.;" the planter in haying his money safely kept for him till he wanted to use it, and the merchant • in having the use of the money until it was called for. Under such circumstances none will doubt .the happy condition - of both planter and merchant; and if the view be. somewhat extended, it will be found that this state of prosperity was not confined to one or two classes of society, but extended to all. The man. embarrassed mightreadily sell something and to advantage, to pay his debts.. The cur. rency of the country, being specie, was widely scattered through the land, and in diversified hands, so that its coricentration at any particular point was impossible; and consequently its removal from the . country could not happen to any great extent. . " I know there are many who, in order to effect present objects, • insist that commerce could not be carried on without the aid of banks. To this I answer, how was commerce carried on before we had banks? Will anybody deny there was any commerce in the country at that time? No one will ^be found hardy enough to take this ground; for every intelligent man of forty years knows that before there were any banks in Virginia the foreign commprce of the country was greater, than it has ever been since, and the country far more prosperous. Nor was there the. least inconvenience in transmitting money from one point to another through the merchants, whose credit then was as good. as the credit of the banks now, if not better. Banks have destroyed the credit and confidence which men had in one a^nother. " No people had more cause to rejoice than the people of Virginia; but, alas, the banks came, and all things became changed. Like the Upas tree, they have withered and destroyed the healthful condition of the country, and inflicted on the people political and pecuniary diseases of the most deadly character." According to Blodget, the number of banks, and the amount of their authorized capital, in the different years of this period, was as follows: 55 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. Years. Capital authorized. 1T90 11,950,000 12,950,000 17,150,000 18,000,000 18,000,000 19,000,000 19,200,000 19,200,000 19,200,000 21,200,000 21,350,000 22,400,000 22,600,000 26,000,000 39,500,000 mi 1792 1T93 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800, 1801 1802 1803 1804 But a sniall part of the capital of the State hanks was paid in, so that, prohahly, during the greater part if not the whole of this period^ the capital of the first Bank of the United States exceeded the paid Tip capital of all the State hanks put together. According to a table which Mr. Woodbury, as Secretary of theTreasury, appended to his report on the banks, of January 4, 1837, the banks were, in diiferent intervals of this period, distributed as follow: 1792. 1805. I80I. States. cd '-d 13 .S Maiue New Hampshire Massachusetts....... Rhode Island.r Connecticut New York . , , New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware. Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia , Nortli Carolina South Carolina Louisiana Kentucky poo, 000 2,200,000 400,000 500,000 1,260,000 2,000,000 poo, 000 $1,100,000 ,100,000 7,425,000 1,728,000 2,000,000 5,430,000 1,000,000 7,000,000 110,000 400,000 3,850,000 1,070,000 2,000,000 4,720,000 500,000 500,000 5,000,000 110,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 675,000 •3,000,000 8,935,000 10,000,000 23,550,000 10,000,000 18,935,000 33 33,550,000 '5,800, ooe 2,000,000 1,500,000 450,000 3,000,000 500,000 150,000 200,000 Ohio Total of State banks. • United States bank . . TotaL 12 40,493,000 10,000,000 76 50,493,000 56 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Second period, firom 1804 io 1812. In a copy of his Economica, at present in the Eegister's Office, Mr. Blodget inscribed in his own handwriting estimates of the amount of bank notes in circulation, and of the aniount of specie in the country in 1805, 1806 and 180Y. There are inserted in the table, together with an estimate made by Mr. Gallatin in 1830-'31, of the amount of notes in circulation and of the specie in the banks at the commencement of 1811. They are the only estimates on record, or at least the only ones worthy of attention, of the amount of specie and bank notes in this period. At this time the mines of the precious metals were very productive. " T h e annual supply of the mines of America, Asia and Europe,'' says Gallatin, "reached its highest point in the years 1803-1810, and amounted then to fifty millions of dollars, or to about one and one fourth per cent, of the whole quaritity of the precious metals then existing in Europe and America." A goodly portion of this treasure reached the United States, but a very great part of it was exported, almost as soon as imported, to China and the East Indies. There was little demand for it in England, as inconvertible paper was then the money of that country. The coinage of gold and silver at the mint at Philadelphia amounted^ from 1805 to 1813, to a little more than eight millions, or an average a little more than |900,000 a year. The coins in use continued to be chiefly Spanish and Portuguese. Notes of a less denomination than five dollars were in free use in New England, and perhaps in parts of New York and New Jersey; but not much in the other States. The Bank of North America is, it is believed, the only bank in Pennsylvania that issued dollar notes. The Bank of the United States issued no notes of a less denomination than ten dollars. The charter of this last named bank expired in March, 1811. According to a report made by Mr. Gallatin, as Secretary of the Treasury, in March, 1809, the average amount of the circulation of this bank and its branches was four millions and a half of dollars, while the average amount of specie in its vaults was five millions. At that particular time, the specie in'the vaults of the bahk and its branches exceeded the average by several million dollars. Mr. Crawford says in his report of Eebruary, 1820:. , ' " F r o m a return ofa former Bank ofthe United States^ made to the treasury in 1808, it appears that with $15,300,000 of specie it circulated only 14,787,000 of notes. Another return made in 1810 shows that its condition was not materially changed." The policy of the banks in New England was widely 'different. They pushed their issues to the very limits of their credit, some of them issuing notes for even fractional parts of the dollar. The result was, that there was in 1808-'9 a grand explosion among the banks of New England, by which most of them were shattered, and some of them totally destroyed. The directors of the Bank of Soutii Carolina^, in a report dated October 1, 1819, give the following view of the condition of the banks up to 1812: REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 57 "During a long period of that revolution which, for a quarter of a ' century, has convulsed and desolated Europe, the United States enjoyed the great advantages of a neutral nation. As long as a state of war existed between Spain and Great Britain, the citizens of this country became the carriers and- commercial agents of Spain^ and nearly all the nietallic treasure of Mexico passed through our hands. During this period gold and silver were abundant, and there existed no difficulty in procuring S23ecie for any demand, and to any amount, which our financial and commercial arrangements required. The vaults of our banks are said to have overflowed with silver. From the peace of Amiens, (in 1801,) however, this influx'of silver abated; our commerce with the Spanish colonies, which had been the accidental result of war, declined; and the wealth of that country was restored in a great measure to its current channels; and when the invasion of Spain by Bonaparte, in 1808, threw that ill-fated countr.y and her colonies into the arms of Great Britain, a new direction was • given to their treasure, and almost a new monopoly created for their commerce. At the commencement, the embargo (which our disputes with the European powers induced our government to impose on our commerce) began to act with great effect on the specie capital of the country; for, when our produce could he no longer exported, all who had any engagements to meet in foreign countries, all to whom remittances abroad were advantageous, if not indispensable, transmitted specie as the commodity most easily concealed and transported. From thi^ time the amount of specie rapidly diminished. The unsettled state of our commercial and political regulations with foreign powers, .during the three succeeding years, prevented a new accumulation, and soon after our declaration of war against Great Britain, in 1812, the 'banks throughout ^he middle and southern States, which for some years had been paying specie reluctantly and sparingly, suspended altogether their specie payments.'' Third period, firom 1812 to 1820.^ 1812. War with Great Britain declared in June, and an attempt made to carry it on by loans of bank credits and bank notes. ^ 1813. The banks of the middle States lend liberally to government, and as a consequence increase their issues. The banks of the New England States lend sparingly, if at all; and by diminishing their issues cause specie to flow from the other States into New England. Part of this is exported in payments for foreign goods. 1814. . The banksin the middle States continue to lend their notes and credits to ^government, and specie continues to flow into New England, whence part of it is exported. There is also an export of specie through Amelia island, on the coast of Florida, adjoining Georgia. In August, the.banks of New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore suspended specie payments, and the suspension became general throughout the Union, with the exception of the banks of New England. Through the residue of the year, specie bore a premium of from 14 to 20 per cent, in the bank notes of the large cities of the middle States. 1815. The news of peace was received in February, only six. months. 58 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. after the suspension of specie payments, and specie, which had been at New York at 15 per cent, premium in January, fell immediately to 2 per cent. But the banks did not resume specie payments, and instead of diminishing their issues, increased them, being encouraged therein by the United States government, which continued to receive their inconvertible paper in payment of public dues. From- June to I)ecember, specie was at New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, at various rates of premium, from 9 to 22-1 per cent. ., The exports of specie increased, not so much to England, which continued to use inconvertible paper, but to the East Indies, China, and other countries. The author of a pamphlet, signed Publicola, published at New York in 1815, says: "Those who believe that bank paper is redundant, may fairly urge that the rej)ort of the real scarcity of specie has been industriously circulated; that it was as firmly maintained four months since as at the present moment; and, in the interim, upwards of six million dollars have been exported. Certain-English houses in New York and Baltimore can corroborate this fact." • 1816. The banks coiitinue to issue abundantly, and the export of specie continues accordingly. In July, American coin was'at 16 to 17 premium at Philadelphia, arid Spanish at 18 to 18^. Afterwards, chiefly in consequence of.a resolution of Congress, prohibiting the receipt of inconvertible paper in payment of public dues, after the 20th of Februray, 1817, there is a reduction of the amount of paper in circulation, and a fall iri the" premium on specie. It was at Philadelphia at 6 to 7 per cent, premium in December. The coinage of gold, and. silver this year was only $28,000. In 1815 it was only $20,000. •• fi 1817. The Bank ofthe United States opened its doors at Philadelphia, January 1. By the 20th of February there was a partial resump-" tion. of specie payments. The banks in some of the States diminished . their issues considerably. But the vacuum thus created was fully supplied by the United States Bank, so that at the close of the year there appears to have been as much paper in circulation as at the beginning. 1818. In the,spring of this year the local bank mania reached its height. More than two luindred new banks appear to have been projected in various parts of the Union. The united issues of the United •States Bank and of the local banks drove specie from the country in large quantities. The directors of the United States Bank (Strove to arrest this evil h j fiorced importations of specie. Between July, 1817, and July,' 1818, upwards of seven millions were imported at a cost to the bank of about^ $500,000; but as the original cause of the efflux, namely, an excess of paper currency, continued to operate, those millions went out ofthe country almost as fast as they came in. " I myself have seen," said William Jones, the first president ofthe United States Bank, "a.detailed statement of five million dollars exported from the ports of Boston and Salem alone in twelve months, and from this data the aggregate amount exported in twelve months from the United States could not have been in the same period short of twelve millions of dollars." •The directors of the Bank of the State of South Carolina say: " I n the first six months of 1818, it is probable that upwards of $800,000 59 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. in specie were thrown into general circulation in the city of Charleston. It is probable that by the first of November in that year not $50,000 remained in the State; we are confident that not $10,000 could have been found in the city of Charleston." .1819. During this year the .contraction began in July, 1818, was continued, and multitudes of banks and individuals were broken. The amount ,of paper currency was greatly reduced, and yet specie did not flow into the country in any great quantities. This appears to have been owing chiefly to the following causes: First. The diminution in the. supply from the mint in South America. Frpm 1803 to 1810 they had yielded, according to Gallatin, fifty. milliohs a^year;. from 1811 to 1830, embracing the period now under consideration, they^ according to the same authority, yielded only twenty-seven millions a year. Secondly. The preparations inaking for the resumption of specie . payments by the. Bank of England. These greatly increased the demand,for the precious metals in.Great Britain. Thirdly. .Tihe efforts made by som-e of the governments of Europe to supplant their, paper currencies with, specie. The gold and silver imported by Austria and Eussia,. with that yiew, are said to have amounted, iii one year alone^ (1818,) tO: nearly one hundred million dollars. '• / ' 1820. This year was much, as 1819; but, towards the close of it, the banks settled down into what Mr. Niles, in his Eegister, calls " a state of regularity," but the effects of the disorderly banking of previous years were severely felt through the land. ' -, According to Mr. Crawford's computation, the whole amount of specie in circulation at the commencement of 1820 was only four millions and a half. . " Of the amount of bank circulatiori, arid of specie iri the vaults of the bank, for any of the years of this period, we have no estimates, except those made by Mr. Crawford in 1819-'20, and those made by Mr. Gallatin in 1830-'31. : As Mr. Gallatin had fuller data to guide him, his estimates are inserted in the table. ^ • Mr. Crawford's estimates are as. follows, in round millions: Capital. Specie in.the banJi. Millions. "^ Millions. 1813 1815.. 1819. ;... 65 , 88 125 • 28 • 16i 21 Circulation. Millions. 62 to 70 99 to 110 45 to 53 Mr.^ Gallatin is confiderit that the amount of bank note circulation could not have exceeded thirty millions iri 1811, forty-seven millions in 1815, and seventy millions in 1816, and he believes that the amo.unt was but little below forty-five millions in 1819-'20. , Yet he thinks these variations in the country quite sufficient to cause all the 60 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. pecuniary and commercial evils with which the country was afflicted for many years after the close ofthe war. According to the table appended to Mr. Woodbury's report of January 4, 1837, the bank is were, just before the commencement of and at different intervals of this eventful period, distributed among the States as follows. Their capital is "estimated." January, 1811. January, 1815. January, 1816. January, 1820. State. 1^ O 0-^ Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey...., Pennsylvania Delaware....,...,.. Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Alabaraa Louisiana Mississippi Tennessee • Kentucky Missouri . .• Illinois.. Indiana Ohio •„.. .|1,250,000 815,250 Total of State banks United States Bank.. 42,720,601 20c,82,259,599 246-89,822,422 307 102,210,611 1 35,000,000 10,000,000 Total 8^1,380,000 10, 941,152 §1,860,000 998,121 2111,050,000 14 2,027,000 10 3,655,750 2618,946,3181 l i : 2,121,932 4215,068,818 5! 996,990 7,832,002 4,078,295 4,121,097 1,576,600 3,730,9001 623,580 11,650,000 2,317,320 4,017,57.5| 18,766,7561 2,072,115| 15,384,597 974,500 8,406,782 4,294,013 4,512,177 2,776,600 3,823,758 1,502,600 100,000 240,260 1,432,300 100,000 212,9621 959,175 1,422,300! 100,000 815,281: 2,059,0001 895,000 12 1,434,719 21 2,061,9271 6,292,144 1,917,0001 1,933,000 7,522,760 739,7401 6,153,150 110,000 4,895;202 2,341,395 1,500,000 1,576,600 3,475,000 210,000 754,000 15 §1,654,900 1( 1,005,276 ll 44,955 28i 10,485,700 30| 2,982,026 8 3,689,337 33 18,988,774 14 .2,130,949 36 14,681,780 6 974,900 14 6,708,131 13 5,525,319 4 5,212,192 3 2,964,887 5 4,475,000 4 3,401,510 3 469,112 4 • 2,597,420 1 .900,000 • 8 2,119,782 42 8,807,431 1 250,000 21 140,910 2 202,857 20 1,797,463 89 52,720,601 208,82,259,599 246 89,822,422 308 137,210,611 Fourth period, firom 1820 to 1830. ' The only estimate we have of the amount of paper circulation in this period, after the commericement of the year 1820, is that of Mr. Gallatin for the 1st of January, 1830. The increase ofthe number of banks, in these ten years, was, according to the same authority, only twenty-two, of their capital only eight millions, and of their circulation only sixteen millions and a. half; yet, from the accounts of such of the banks as have made returns, and from the evidence of contemporary writers, there were, in this period, ruinous fluctuations in the amount of our paper currency. • With the year commencing October 1, 1820, the usage began of requiring at the custom-houses accounts of the amount of gold and silver imported and exported. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 61 In the two years ending September 30, 1822, according to these accounts, the export of gold and silver exceeded the imports in nearly ten millions. This was a heavy drain from a country in which there was, in 1820, according to Mr. Crawford, only four and a half millions in circulation, and, according to Mr. Gallatin, less than twenty millions in'the banks. The main cause of this great drain was the resumption of specie ' payments b y t h e Bank of England in 1821, with the simultaneous suppression in that country of all notes of a less denomination than five pounds sterling. " During the four years which immediately followed the resumption .of specie payments in England," says Mr. Gallatin, " t h a t occurrence caused an extraordinary demand of more than twenty millions sterling in gold, or about twenty-four millions of dollars a year^ being near three times as much as the annual supply of that metal; and this dema-nd was met without any difficulty or sensibly enhancing the price of gold," i. e., as estimated in silver. England, being the creditor of all the world, did not find it very difficult to collect as much .gold as she wanted; but the demand pressed heavy on the United States, a debtor country. During this pressure our gold coins all left us. After this pressure abated, others, having their origin in various causes, took effect, so that, althpugh in the eight years ending with September 30, 1828, the imports.of gold and silver were upwards of fifty-three and a half millions, they were exceeded by the exports in the sum of nearly eleven millions. Mr. John White, the cashier of the Branch Bank of the United States at Baltimore, in a letter dated February 15, 1830, and addressed to Mr. Ingham^ Secretary ofthe Treasury, gave the following striking view of the condition of things in this and part of the preceding period: " Congress fixed the relative value of gold at one for fifteen of silver ; and, under the natural presumption that gold and silver coin would compose a portion of the general circulation, it has also been enacted that a tender of either of these metals should be the only legal mode of discharging obligations. In practice, hoioever, and in fiact, our currency consists' altogether ofi paper. In this State, (Maryland,) and in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and perhaps some others, the fractional parts, of a dollar circulate in sufficient, quantity to purchase with coin marketing, or other low priced necessaries; but in the Carolinas, Georgia, and all that great district eastward of Pennsylvania^ comprising 'the States most distinguished for commerce and manufactures and for wealth, there is no transfer of the value of the established unit that is not effected by paper; this bank paper is sustained by public confidence, on a specie basis, considered sufficient to liquidate balances accruing among the several States, and to supply the demands of foreign commerce. * ^ ^ * ^^ " The banks; which furnish the circulating medium, find their interest, as they conceive, in sustaining the necessary issues by the smallest amount of metallic coin, consistent with their ideas of efficiency and safety. * * . *^ . ^K ' * ^K " I t is a practical truth, uniformly realized, that paper and coin, \ 62 REPORT ON THE FINANCESo ofi the same denomination, will not circulate together; and my assent to the correctness of that principle convinces riie that the laudable intention of the committee of the Senate,- in recommending the coinage of dollars, with the view of iniproving the currency, by placing and • maintaining them in general circulation, will, without doubt, be entirely frustrated in all those States where notes of one dollar are issued. Entertaining the opinion that the banldng system, judiciously administered, confers many and important advantages upon commercial and manufacturing communities, and conceiving also that the progress in prosperity of every nation is intimately interwoven with a wise regulation of pecuniary concerns, I have been accustomed to advert with interest to all important vicissitudes, "Looking back to the peace of 1815, a short period, fresh in the memory of every man, the wretched state of our currency for the two . succeeding years cannot be overlooked. The disasters of 1819, which seriously affected the circumstances, property, and industry of every district of the United States will be long recollected. A sudden and pressing scarcity of money prevailed in the spring of 1822. Numerous and very extensive failures took place at New York,- Savannah, Charleston, and New Orleans in 1825. There was a great convulsion among banks and other moneyed institutions in the State of New . York in 1826. The scarcity of money among the traders in thatState, and eastward, in the winter of 1827 and 1828, was distressing and alarming. Failures of banks.in Ehode Island and North Carolina, and amongst the manufacturers of New England and of this State, characterize the last year ; and intelligence, is just received of the refusal of some of the' principal banks in Georgia to redeem their notes with specie ; a lamentable and .rapid succession of evil and untoward events, prejudicial to the progress of productive industry,. and causing a baneful extension of embarrassment, insolvency, litigation, and dishonesty, alike subversive of social happiness and. morals. 'Ever)^ intelligent mind must express regret and astonishment at the occurrence of these disasters in tranquil times and bountiful seasons, amongst an enlightened, enterprising, and industrious people, comparatively free froiri taxation, unrestrained in our pursuits, possessing abundance of fertile lands and valuable minerals, with capital and capacity to improve, and an ardent disposition to avail ourselves of the advantages of tho^e great bounties. .."Calamities of an injurious and demoralizing nature, occurring with singular frequency, amidst a profusion of all the elements of wealth, are well calculated to inspire and enforce the conviction that there is something materially and radically erroneous in our monetary system, were it not that the judgment hesitates to yield assent when grave, enlightened, and patriotic senators^ have deliberately announced to the public, in a recent report, that 'our system of money is in the main excellent, and in most of its great principles no innovation can be made with advantage.' " In 1829 and 1830, the last two years of this period^ the imports of gold and silver exceeded the exports in the sum of • nearly eight millions and a half of dollars, exhibiting a remarkable contrast with the preceding eight years. . ' . REPORT O.N THE FINANCES. 63 This excess in the imports of gold and silver appears to have been owing mainly to the following causes : First. The measures taken by Virginia/Maryland, and Pennsylvania for suppressing the circulation of small notes within the bounds of those States. . The.act of Pennsylvania, which proved most effective, went into full operation January 1, 1829. Secondly. A practice adopted by the Bank of the United States of drawing bills on England for the accommodation of the merchants engaged in the trade with China and the East Indies. Previous to this the usage had been to export silver directly to China and.. the East Indies in payment for our imports from those countries. The new system of bill drawing, adopted by the United States Bank, deferred, though it did not remove, the demand for specie for exportation. - Fifith period, I'&^O to i m i . Near the commencement of this period estimates were made by>a committee of the Senate, of which Mr. Sandford was chairman, and by Mr. Taney, as Secretary, of the Treasury, ofthe amount of specie and bank notes in circulation; but as these estimates had refererice to an average of years, rather than to any particular year, it is thought best to insert them in the notes rather than in the table, as, without the explanations offered by the authors, they might mislead the reader.. Mr. Sandford says in his report of December 15^ 1830: " T h e coins now in the United States, and the bank notes now cir- . dilating, are estimated to amount to about 100 millions of dollars. The coins are estimated to amount to about 23 millions of dollars, of which sum it is estimated that about 15 millions of dollars are held "by the banks, and about 8 millions of dollars in circulation among the people.. The bank notes in circulation are estiinated to amount to about.77 millions of dollars. The sum of 15 millions of dollars of coin is the estimated average, of the coins held by the banks. The banks in the principal seaports have, at this time, an increased quantity of coin." A committee of the House of Eepresentatives, of which Mr. Campbell P. White was chairman, in a report dated March 17, 1832, made an estimate that the circulation of the banks had increased, from January 1, 1830, to March, 1832, in the ratio of nearly fifty per cent., without any increase of the specie in their vaults. To guide them in this estimate they had returns from the United States Bank, 'and from the banks in Massachusetts, Ehode Island, New York, and Pennsyl. vania. • Mr. Tany, Secretary of the Treasury, offers the following observations in a special report, dated April 15, 1834: " Judging from the best information which the department has been able to obtain, the paper of the various banks (including the Bank of the United States) in circulation, in ordinaryfii^niQ^, amounts to at least 80 millions of dollars. Of this sum the Bank of the United States furnishes generally less than 20 millions, and the various State banks more than 60 millions; the specie in the vaults of the same 64 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. banks, to support these extended credits, does not, probably, exceed 25 millions. " I n estimating the amount of specie, I confine myself to the coin supposed to be in possession of the banks. In some of the States the circulation of notes below five dollars is prohibited by law, and in those States there is a considerable amount of specie passing from hand to hand, and forming a part of the ordinary circulation. It does not, however, probably exceed four millions. " Gold and silver will never circulate where banks issue notes which come in competition with them; for it will invariably happen that when the circulating medium is composed of different kinds of money, and one of them is less valuable than the other, but not sufficiently depreciated to be discredited, the inferior will, after a time, become the general currency, and the more valuable will entirely disappear. " T h i s is obvious in the States where the banks issue notes as low as one dollar; for silver dollars are never found in circulation where paper ones are freely issued by the banks. In order, therefore, to bring the precious metals into use, the rivalship of paper must be effectuaUy taken away. , We must not only remove thc notes ofi the Bank ofi the United States, but also those ofi the State banks." A select committee of the Senate, in a report on coins, dated February 21, 1831, and a select committee of the House, in a report on the same subject, and of the same date, both estimate the amount of silver in circulation at five millions of dollars. This is one million less than the estimate of Mr. Taney offered in 1834, and five millions less than Mr. Gallatin's estimate for 1830. On the 10th of July, 1832, the House of Eepresentatives, on motion of Mr. Wild, of Georgia, adopted a resolution directing the Secretary of the Treasury to lay before the House,, ut the next and each successive session of Congress, the best accounts he could collect of the condition of the banks throughout the Union. This was the first and the only action ever taken by either branch of Congress to < have the accounts of the banks collected annually and regularly arranged. From the reports made under this resolution, and from a report made by the clerk of the House in 1834, have been inserted in the table the amount of notes in circulation, and the amount of specie in the vaults of the banks, in the different years from 1834 to 185,5, inclusive. In 1831, the exports of specie exceeded the imports in the sum of $1,708,986. In 1832, there was a small excess of imports, viz: $251,164. Without looking further, the causes for this may be found in the great increase of paper currency adverted to in Campbell P . White's report. In the next four years, 1833 to 1836, inclusive, the imports of gold and silver exceeded the exports in the enormous sum of $36,023,759, beirig as much and more than half as much again as, according to the report of the senatorial committee of 1830, was the average of the whole amount in the country. This great increase in our stock of the precious metals was owing chiefly to the following causes: 1. The increasing productiveness of the mines of the precious metals REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 65 in various parts of the world, particularly in the gold mines of Eussia and the silver mines of Mexico. 2. A succession of good harvests in England, which enabled the banks of that country greatly to increase their issues. This raised the price of cotton and of other American products, and thus increased our ability to buy gold and silver abroad. At the same time English capitalists increased in various ways the credits they granted to the people of, the United States. 3. The measures taken by Gen. Jackson to have the amount of our foreign indemnities brought home in gold. 4. The "specie circular," which forbade aught but gold and silver to be received in payments for the public lands. 5. The act of Congress of 1834 provides for a new issue of ^ gold coins, and correcting the under-valuation of gold at the mint. 6. The increased supply of gold from our own mines in the southern States. From 1804 to 1829, a period of twenty-six years, the whole amount was only $296,000. From 1830 to 18.36, the amount was $4^595,000. This was so much in addition to the imports. 7. An increase of our trade with Mexico and a decrease in the exports of the precious metals to the East Indies and China. From 1821 to 1827;, a period of seven years, these exports to China alone were $25,202,521, being on an average $3,600,000 a year. From 1828 to 1836, a period of nine years, they were only $4,428,999, or an average of $472,111 a year. 8. The acts passed by nearly all the States (unfortunately soon repealed by most of them) to prohibit the circulation of small notes. 9. The loans to the amount of twenty million dollars, negotiated iri Europe by the United States Bank, in order to sustain itself in its operations, after so much of its capital as consisted of public stock had been redeemed by the government. 10. The rates abroad of State stocks and other securities, with the view of obtaining the means of making railroads and canals. 11. The desire to establish new banks, which led, especially in South Carolina and Louisiana, to importations of'Specie, expressly with this object. 12. The war between the United States Bank and the deposit banks, which made it politic, not only to the parties immediately concerned in that war but to all the banks in the country, to increase their reserve of specie. The House committee of 1832, of which Mr. C. P . White was chairman, speaking of the liability of banks to redeem their notes with specie, say: " T h i s liability is a powerful restraint on issues during an adverse balance, of payments with foreign nations; biit at all other times it is nominal. There is no example in history of a currency similar to that of the United States. It is bank notes issued without restraint, except when a high rate of foreign exchange prevails." On whatever side may have been the balance of trade or the balance of debt, the balance of payment was, during these years, greatly in favor of the United States. The bank, consequently, issued notes "without restraint." Each import of specie increased the issue of notes by the old banks, and each increased issue of paper 5 66 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. led to the establishment of new banks; the result was that the State banks, which, according to Mr. Gallatin, had, in 1830, numbered only 329, with a capital of 110 millions, increased, according to the treasury reports, by the 1st of January, 1837, to 624, or, including branches, to 788, with a capital paid in of 290 millions. In 1830 there were no local banks in operation in either of the States of Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, or Arkansas, only one in Tennessee, one in Mississippi, two in Alabama, four in Louisiana, eleven in Ohio, and one in Michigan. In all the western and southwestern States there were, in 1830, only eighteen banks, with capitals amounting to $9,462,268. By the 1st ofJanuary, 1837, the number of banks in these States was increased to 161, including branches, with paid up capitals ofthe amount of $88,699,974. In May, 1836^, the Bank of England found it necessary to change its policy, and require payments from the " American houses," to whom it had, up to this time, granted credits so abundantly. So powerful an impetus, however, had been given to the banking movement in the United States, that notwithstanding this check, the banks continued to increase in numbers and in the amount of their issues. ^ VVhile things were in this condition, the Congress of the United States passed an act to take " t h e surplus revenue" from the selected banks and deposit it with other banks and with " the States." If the "surplus revenue" had existed in the form of "surplus specie," in the vaults of the banks, the measure would have been a wise one. B u t t h e "surplus revenue" never had any existence, except in the form of inscriptions of credit'bn the books of the banks. These bank credits Congress ordered to be suddenly and violently transferred from bank to bank, and from place to place^ without any regard to the laws of trade. The combined action of the Bank of England, and of the Congress of the United States, was too much for the banks, as if by common consent they all stopped specie payments in May, 1837. Sixth period,-firom 1837 to 1843. During the residue ofthe year 1837, specie bore a premium at Philadelphia, of various rates, up to 12 per cent., and the notes of the banks of the different States were at various and fluctuating rates of discount, in some instances as much as 20 per cent.^ when measured, not in specie, but in the paper oi the Philadelphia banks. The banks of the city of New York immediately took measures for the resumption of specie payments at the earliest day possible. But the banks to the south and west adopted an opposite course of policy. In the course ofthe year, there was, according to the treasury reports, an increase of forty-one in the whole number of the banks and their branches. The supply of specie in the various markets of the world being abundant^ the imports of the precious metals exceeded the exports, in 1837, in the sum of more than four millions, and in 1838 in the sum of more than fourteen millions. In the two years ending on the 30th of September, 1838^ the stock of specie in the country was, according to the custom-house books, increased in the amount of nearly nineteen 67 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. million dollars. The main cause of this increase was the action ofthe New York banks in restricting their own issues, and thereby those of the banks of New England and of some of the other States. Part of these imports of gold were from shipments made by the Bank of England, with the express view of enabling the American banks to resume specie payments. In May, 1838^ the New York banks resumed accordingly, and their conduct was immediately imitated by the banks of New England. In August, 1838, the banks of Philadelphia professed to resume specie payments, and by the first of January, 1839, there was at least a nominal resumption throughout the Union. In little more than a year, or on the 9th of October, 1839, the banks of Philadelphia suspended specie payments for the second time, and were followed therein by all the banks to the south and west of that city, 'and also by the banks of West Jersey and Ehode Island. The bank of the State of Missouri did not, indeed, stop payment on its own notes; but, as it traded on the notes of other westem banks, it became an issuer of inconvertible paper. The banks of Ehode Island soon resumed specie payments. The banks of South Carolina resumed in June or July, 1840. All the other banks, to the south and west of New York, (with the exception of those of East Jersey and a few others scattered in different places,) refused to pay specie on demand. After this second suspension had lasted for about fifteen months the banks of Philadelphia made another effort to resume specie payments, but continued it for only twenty days, namely, from January 15 to February 4, 1841. They then, for the third time, suspended specie payments, and did-not resume them effectively till the 18th and 19th of March, 1842. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, and part of 1842, the notes of the banks to the south and west of New York were at various rates of discount, from 1 to 5, to 10, to 15, and even to 80 per cent. ; and specie bore various rates of premium, up to 14 per cent., as measured in Philadelphia paper. The number of banks and their branches, the amount of capital paid in, and of notes in circulation, near the 1st of January in each of these years, was^ according to the treasury reports, as follows: No. of banks. Janu ary I, 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1853 758 829 840 907 784 692 691 Capital paid in. Circulation. Millions. Millions. 290 317 327 363 313 260 228 149 116 135 107 107 83 58 From this it appears that, for several years after the general suspension of specie payments in May, 1837, the banks continued to increase in.number and in the amount of their capital paid in. Between the first of January, 1837, and the first of January, 1838, i h e j reduced their circulation from 149 to 116 millions, and in the year 1838 the specie imports exceeded the exports in upwards of 14 millions. Between the 1st of January, 1838, and the 1st of 68 - REPORT ON THE FINANCES. January, 1839, they increased their issues from 116 to 135 millions, and then the exports of specie exceeded the imports in the sum of upwards of three millions. The resumption of specie payments by the banks of Philadelphia,-^'^ in March, 1842, was a coerced one, suddenly brought about by the action of the legislature of Pennsylvania. The alternative was presented to them of resuming, or else of issuing an additional amount of small notes, called "relief notes/' in aid of the State's finances. The banks had not made suitable preparations for resuming ; but they chose to make the attempt, rather than be more deeply involved in the fiscal embarrassments of the State government. The resumption of specie payments by the banks to the soutii and west of Pennsylvania was also a coerced one, but brought about more by force of public opinion than by legislative action. Having made no suitable preparations for resuming, they were forced to make sudden and great reductions in the amount of notes issued and credits granted. The distress thus produced reached its highest point in September, 1842, when there was a tremendous convulsion ainong the banks at New Orleans, the effects of which were not confined to the south and west, but were felt throughout the Union, not excepting those States in which specie payments had been sustained since May, 1838. On the 1st of January, 1837, when the banks all professed to pay specie, their circulation, was, according to the treasury tables, 149 millions. By the 1st of January, 1843, it was reduced to 58 millions, or, making allowance for a few banks for which no returns were received, about 60 millions. In the short period of six years, the bank currency was reduced considerably more than one half. A ruinous fall of prices was the consequence, and many business men found it impossible to comply with the engagements they had entered into on the previous paper money inflation. Some parts of the country were left for a time without aiiy circulating medium. The bank paper they had used became worthless, and sufficient time had not elapsed for gold and silver to flow in and take the place of the paper. Seventhperiod, firom I M i to 1^^^. The banks, to use a popular speech, did not fairly "touch bottom" till the autumn of 1842, and they remained at the bottom till the spring of 1843. From that time they began to improve in their condition. . Owing to the vacillating conduct of the banks, and to the extent in , which specie was supplanted by inconvertible paper, in the four years from 1839 to 1842, the exports of the precious metals exceeded the im- . ports in nearly eight millions and a half. So effective a demand, however, was created for specie by the reduction of bank note circulation in 1842-'43, that, in the nine months ending June 30, 1843, the imports exceeded the exports in the then unprecedented" amount of twenty millions. As the banks of New York and New England (with the exception of a short intermission on the part of the banks of Ehode Island) had paid specie regularly after May, 1838, they soon recovered from the 69 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. effects ofthe great revulsion of 1842-'43. The banks in the great tier of grain growing States, extending from New Jersey in the east to Missouri in the west, did not fully recover themselves till 1847, when the great demand for breadstuffs in Europe caused an influx of specie to the amount of upwards of twenty-four millions, and' as less than two millions were exported, the balance in favor of the country was upwards of twenty-two millions. The banks in the southern and southwestern States did not fully recover till some years later, when a new demand sprung up for cotton. According to the treasury tables, the number of banks and branches, the amount of capital paid in, and the amount of notes in circulation, was at the commencement of each year of this period as follows, excepting 1852 and 1853, for which no reports were made : N6. of banks. Capital paid in. Circulation. MiUions. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. Millions. 691 696 707 707 715 751 782 824 879 228 210 206 196 203 204 207 217 227 58 75 89 105 . 105 128 114 131 155 1208 1307 301 332 204 187 From this it appears that from 1843 to 1846 there was a.gradual decrease of bank capital, and that though there was afterwards an increase, it was annually so small that the bank capital of 1851 was' one million less than that of 1843. In all this time, however, there , was an increase of circulation. The most noted increase was in 1848, when the banks suddenly expanded their issues from 105 to 128 millions. This was the consequence of the prosperous trade of the previous year, 1847. In that year our exports of domestic produce were swelled to 150 millions, being 49 millions more than they were in the year preceding. Fortunately the constitutional treasury system went into operation in 1847. But for the check it imposed the amount of bank issues would have been greatly increased. As it was, the check it imposed was not strong enough. By a necessary reaction in the next year, the bank currency Avas reduced in the amount of 14 millions, and the exports of specie exceeded the imports in upwards of nine millions. Iri 1849, the first considerable deposit of gold from California was made at our mint. Since that time the quantity of gold we have sent to foreign countries has greatly exceeded the amount we have received from them; but, notwithstanding this, our own mines produce so abundantly that the amount of the precious metals in the country has gone on increasing continually, while the amount of paper money has, as a general rule, increased also. Between 1851 and 1855, a short period, there appears to have been 70 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. an increase of four hundred and twenty-six in the number of banks, and of one hundred and five millions in the amount of their capital paid in. This is owing, mainly, to the widening of the specie basis, through the supplies of gold bbtained from California and elsewhere, and to the action of the constitutional treasury system in retaining a large portion of that gold in the country, to the large sales of our produce in foreign countries, and to the improved state of our credit abroad, and to the spirit of speculation which has in consequence overspread the land. Since California and Australia began to pour forth their riches^ there have been ruinous fluctuations in the paper currencies of many of the States ; but the only backward movement in the banking interest generally was that which took place between January 1, 1854, and January 1, 1855, when the bank circulation was, in defiance of an increase of thirty-one inillions in bank capital, reduced from two hundred and four millions to one hundred and eighty-seven millions. This was a natural reaction, the result of many banks having lent their circulating credit for a purpose to which their circulating credit is not adapted, namely, making railroads and other permanent improvements. The reaction was more sensibly felt, owing to the war in the East having caused capital to flow from Europe to Asia, instead of taking its natural course from Europe to America. Such "squalls in the money market" as we had in 1854 are inseparable from a system which, as it rests on a confidence artificially created and artificially supported, is liable to be affected by every great change that takes place in the political or commercial world, if not by every wind that blows. But so long as the constitutional treasury system is faithfully administered, it may, at least, be hoped that we shall escape such awful tornadoes as occurred in previous periods of our histoiy. If it should ever be the wish of the community to enjoy the advantages of the banking system without suffering from its disadvantages, the way to effect this object is a very plain one. It is simply to prohibit the issue of dollar notes, and then gradually those of higher denominations. With our own mines and those of other countries, yielding the precious metals in as great quantities as they now do, this object could be readily accomplished, without interfering with the operatons of regular commerce, or even with those of legitimate credit. General remarks. To give a coniplete account of the changes that have taken place in our paper and specie mediums, would be to write a complete history of banking, finance, commerce, and maniifactures in the United States^ including views of the changes that have taken place in the political and commercial relations of the foreign countries with which we have intercourse, and of the variations in the supply of gold and silver from the mines. Such a work would employ years, and fill volumes. Even if years of labor were bestowed on it, it would be impossible to state exactly the amount of gold and silver and of bank paper in circulation at any one time in any one year. This is owing chiefly to the following reasons: REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 71 . 1st. No attempt has been made in any census to ascertain the amount of gold and silver in the country at any one period, either in the form of coin or that of manufactures, and if any such attempt should be made it would prove unsuccessful. 2d. Previous to 1820-'21 no account was required at the customhouses of the amount of specie exported andlmported. 3d. From prudential reasons many merchants, especially those of foreign origin, are disj)osed to conceal the amount of their transactions in bullion; and till very lately no effort was made to ascertain the amount of specie brought in by immigrants. 4th. Much silver has been brought in overland from the Mexican dominions. Of the amount we have no returns that can be depended upon. 5th. The annual loss on coin in circulation by abrasion .is matter of conjecture. 6th. The amount ofthe precious metals annually consumed in gild" v,ing and plating and other branches of manufactures is not known. 7th. The returns of the mint are no criteria of the amount of coin in circulation ; because, for a long period foreign coin constituted a large part of our metallic currency, and, (owing to the free use made of paj)er money,) the chief business of our mint and its branches has been that of fabricating coins for exportation. 8th. As the banks make their returns on different days, or different hours in the same day, the same pieces of gold and silver may figure successively in the accounts of different banks. In this way one million may be made to appear as two millions, and five millions as ten or fifteen millions. . 9th. Previous to the year 1834, no efforts were made by the United States government to collect and arrange annually the returns of the banks. In some "'years their returns have been very imjoerfect, the confusion that reigned among them being such, that they apparently hardly knew how to make returns. 10th. The returns of the banks in the different States are made in different months, from January to Decenaber. Thus we have not the exact amount of paper circulation on any one day, in any one year. The estimates of the amount of gold and silver in the country from 1845 to 1854, have been taken from one ofthe documents appended to the fiscal report of last year. They were formed by taking for granted— 1st. That the amount of gold and silver in the country in 184^ was one hundred millions, as computed in Hunt's Merchant's Magazine. 2d. That it increased or decreased annually, as the.amount imported and received from our own mines exceeded or fell short of the amount exported. 3d. That the gold and silver brought in by immigrants and others, and not reported, and that brought in over land, from Mexico, would balance the amounts clandestinely exported, and also the amount consumed in manufactures and the annual loss on coin by abrasion. A rigid examination would probably show that the amount of S23ecie in the vaults ofthe banks has been less, on the average, and that the amount in possession of the people has, been more than is stated in the table; and also that the variations in our paper currency have been much greater than they would appear to have been from the bank returns and estimates. 72 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 8. Gold and silver coinage at the Mint ofi thc United States in the several - years firom its establishment, in 1792, and including the coinage ofi the branch mints and the assay office, {New Yoi'k,)firomtheir organization to September 30^ 1855. Years. 1793 to 1795. 1796 1797 1798....:... 1799 1800 1801 •. 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806........ 1807 1808 1809 1810 I81I 1812 1813 1814 1815 , 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820.. 1821 1822 , 1823 1824 1825 •1826 1827 1828 , 1829....... 1830. I83I., 1832^ 1833,. 1834.. 1835., 1836. 1837. 1838.. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. Gold. ^71,485 00 102,727 50 103,422 50 205,610 00 213,285 00 317,760 00 422,570 00 423,310 00 258,377 50 258,642 50 170,367 50 324,505 00 437,495 00 284,665 00 169,375 00 501,435 00 497,905 00 290,435 00 477,140 00 77,270 00 3,175 00 242,940 00 258,615 00 1,319,030 00 189,325 00 88,980 00 72,425 00 93,200 00 156,385 GO 92,245 00 131,565 00 140,145 00 295,717 50 643,105 00 714,270 00 798,435 00 978,550 00 3,954,270 00 2,186,1X5 00 4,135,700 00 1,148,305 00 1,809,595 00 I,.375,760 00 1,690,802 00 1,102,097 50 1,833,170 50 8,302,787 50 5,428,'230 00 3,756,447 50 4,034,177 50 20,221,385 00 3,775,512 50 9,007,761 50 31,981,738 50 Silver. $370,683 80 79,077 50 12,591 45 330,291 00 423,515 00 224,296 00 74,758 00 58,343 00 87,118 00 100,340 50 149,388 50 471,319 00 597,448 75 684,300 00 707,376 00 638,773 50 608,340 00 814,029 50 620,951 50 561,687 50 17,308 00 • 28,575 75 607,783 50 1,070,454 50 1,140,000 00 501,680 70 825,762 45 805,806 50 895,550 00 1,752,477 00 1,564,583 00 2,002,090 00 2,869,200 00 1,575,600 00 1,994,578 00 2,495,400 00 3,175,600 00 2,579,000 00 2,759,000 00 3.415.002 00 3.443.003 00 3,606,100 00 2,096,010 00 2,315,250 00 2,098,636 00 1,712,178 00 1,115,875 00 2,325,750 00 3,722,250 00 2,235,550 00 1,873,200 00 2,558,580 00 2,374,450 00 2,040,050 00 2,114,950 00 1,866,100 00 Aggregate. $442,168 SO 181,805 00 116,013 95 535,901 00 636,800 00 542,056 00 497.328 00-"' 48l',653-'0'0 345,49/5 50 358,983 00 319/756 00 795^,824 00 1,0;3"4,943 75 968,965 00 876,751 00 1,140,208 50 1,106,245 00 1,104,464 50 1,098,091 50 638,957 50 20,483 00 28,575 75 607,783 50 1,313,394 50 1,398,615 00 1,820,710 70 1,015,087 45 894,786 50 967,975 00. 1,845,677 00 1,720,968 00 2,094,335 00 3,000,765 00 1,715,745 00 2,290,295 50 3,138,505 00 3,889,870 00 3,377,435 00 3,737,550 00 7,369,272 00 5,629,178 00 7,741,800 00 3,244,315 00 4,124,845 00 3,474,396 00 3,402,980 00 2,217,972 .50 4,158,920 50 12,025,037 50 7,663,780 00 5,629,647 50 6,592,757 50 22,595,835 00 5,815,562 50 11,122,711 50 333847,838 50 73 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 8—Continued. Years. 1351 , 1852 1853...... 1854. 1 .- 1855, (to September S O ) . . . . . . Total Silver. Gold. 0... . $62,614,492 56,846,187 55,213,906 52,094,595 41,166,557 50 50 94 47 93 385,505,545 34 $774,397 999,410 9,077,571 8,619,270 2,893,745 • 00 00 00 00 00 99,552,404 90 Aggregate. $63,388,889 57,845,597 64,291,477 60,713,865 44,060,302 50 50 94 47 93 485,057,950 24 F. BIGGER, Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24; 1855. No. 9. Statement ofi deposits and coinage at Mint of the United States, branches and assay office, cluring the fiscal year 1855, (ending June 30, 1855.) DEPOSITS. Description. Mint of U. States, Branch Mint, N. Orleans. Philadelphia. Branch Mint, San Prancisco. Branch Mint, Dahlonega. Branch Mint, Charlotte, Assay office, New York. Total. $144,669 161,198 200 24,048,935 $205,919 440,624 3,317 63,574,032 GOLD. 65 00 50 80 $7,422 42 6,877 60 $13,568 79 511,164 56 16,142,177 14 $199,123 26 $250,138 06 22,738,418 95 525,464 58 16,155,745 93 199,123 26 250,138 06 $58,827 258,980 3,117 22,422,493 United States coin, ( O S ) United States bullion Total gold ' 05 11 00 72 24,355,002 88 12 50 50 54 a United States bullion roarted'i Total silver 2,747,769 78 149,843 60 2,546,192 61 2,339 15 88,611 90 39,145 67 2,897,613 88 2,548,531 76 127,757 57 89,203 02 180-, 008 48 5,421,777 31 371,336 85 219,211 45 5,793,114 16 ^ > Cl RECAPITULATION. Ul Total gold Total silver . . Total deposits o 64,223,893 &(^ SILVER. Payable in bars Payable in coin o 22,738,418 95 2,897,613 38 525,464 58 _2,548,531 76 16,155,745 93 127,757 57 199,123 26 250,138 06 24,855,002 88 219,211 45 64,223,898 66 5,793,114 16 25,636,032 33 3,073,996 34 16,28.3,503 50 199,123 26 250,138 06 24,574,214 33 *70,017,007 82 13,804,845 32 10,769,369 01 .. ' Of this araount about $11,000,000 were redeposited from the assay office at New York and the branch mint San Francisco. 24,574,214 33 No. 9—Continued." COINAGE. Mint of United States, Philadelphia. Branch Mint, New Branch Mint, San Fran- Branch Mint, Dahlonega. Orleans. cisco. Branch Mint, Char- Assay office, NewYork. lotte. Total. Denomination. Pieces. Pieces. Value. Value. Pieces. Value. ' Pieces. Value. Piece ., Value. Pieces. Value. Pieces. Value. GOLD. Dollars Fine b a r s . Total gold 622,251 $12,445,020 00 139,387 1,393,870 00 211,056 1,055,280 00 73,295 219,885 00 455,860 1,139,650 00 1,548,751 1,548,751 00 2,521 8,363,732 95 3,000 20,000 3,053,121 26,171,188 95 118,000 $60, 000 501,150 UO, 023,000 00 758,000 00 20,000 75,800 72,000 52,500 50,000 24,000 21,000 50,000 12,200 3 2,033 12,200 00 15,199 03 4,739,258 78 434,500 591,186 15,547,657 81 38,176 1,120 1, 613 4,746 45,655203,018 50 Total silver ^.. 00 00 8,566,666 00 1,288,000 640,000 00 00 1,020,000 00 45,658 $228,265 00 3,677 9,803 9,192 50 9,803 00 59,133 247,260 50 1,126,401 $22,528,020 00 235,187 2,351,870 00 294,885 1,474,425 00 98,415 • 295 245 00 482,150 1,205,875 00 1,625,500 1,625,500 00 3,509 $10,493,557 12 6,033 18,877,489 10 2,033 4,739,258 78 26,000 1,409,500 .6,393,000 4,725,000 3,250,000 410,000 26,000 704,750 1,598,250 472,500 162,500 12,300 16,213,500 2,976,300 00 6,448,000 2,187,000 187,200 1,756,666 36,*200 322,000 151,000 64,000 51,000 is, 166 66 37,750 00 55,850 00 None. None. None. None. None. None. 26,000 4,945,700 •7,832,000 5,365,000 4,270,000 410,000 26,000 2,472,850 1,958,000 536,500 213,500 12,300 Total copper 2,217,647 56,500 22,176 47 282 50 2,274,147 22,458 97 None. None. None. None. None. None. None. None. 22,848,700 5,219,150 00 2,217,647 56,500 22,176 47 282 50 None. . None. 2,274,147 22,458 97 RECAPITULATION. Total gold • Total silver,.." Total copper Total coinage 8,053,121 26,171,188 95 434,500 591,186 15,547,657 81 118,000 16,213,500 2,976,300 00 6,488,000 2,187,000 187,200 55,850 00 2,274,147 22,458 97 45,655 203,018 50 1 59,133 247,260 50 3,509 10,493,557 12 3,870,604 53,097,182 88 22,848,700 5,219,150 00 2,274,147 22,458 97 21,540,768 29,169,947 92 6,566,000 2,621,500 778,386 15,603,507 81 45,655 203,018 50 59,133 217,260 50 8,509 10,493,557 12 28,993,451 58,338,791 85 i MINT OP THE UNITED STATES, Philadelphia, JSovemUr 18,1855. o 00 00 00 00 00 00 COPPER. Cents' Half cents O 8,509 10,493,557 12 3,870,604 53,097,182 88 " SILVER. Dollars Half dollars Quarter dollars Dimes Half dimes Three cent pieces $190,880 3,300 4,032 50 4,746 00 JAMES ROSS SNOV/DEN, Director. Cl 76 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 9—Continuedo Statement exhibiting the amoxint ofi coin and bullion imported and exported annually firom 1821 to 1855 inclusive; and also the amount ofi importation over exportation, and ofi exportation over importation, during, the same years. Coin and bullion. Years ending— Imported. September 3 0 . . . . . . . .1821 1822 1823, 1824. 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 18.32 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 9 months to June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30, 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 ]851 1852 1853 1854 1855 Excess of im- Excess of exportation over portation over exportation. importation. Exported. $8,064,890 3,369,846 5,097,896 8,379,835 6,150,765 6,880,966 8,151,130 7,489,741 7,403,612 , 8,155,964 7,305,945 5,907,504 7,070,368 17,911,632 13,131,447 13,400,881 10,516,414 17,747,116 5,595,176 8,882,813 4,988,633 4,087,016 22,390,559 5,830,429 4,070,242 3,777,732 24,121,289 6,360,224 6,651,240 4,628,792 5,453,592 5,505,044 4,201,382 6,7.58,587 3,659,812 $10,478,059 10,810,180 6,372,987 7,014,552 8,932,034 4,704,533 8,014,880 8,243,476 4,924,020 2,178,773 9,014,931 5,656,340 2,611,701 2,076,758 6,477,775 4,324,-336 5,976,249 3,508,046 8,776,743 8,417,014 10,034,332 4,813,539 1,520,791 5,454,214 8,606,495 3,905,268 1.907,024 15,841,616 5,404,648 7,522,994 29,472,752 42,674,135 27,486,875 41,197,300 56,247,343 289,097,514 390,602,713 $2,413,169 7,440,334 1,275,091 $1,365,283 2,781,269 2,176,433 136,250 753,735 2,479,592 5,977,191 1,708,986 °'*25i,'i64 4,458,667 15,834,874 6,653,672 9,076,545 4,540,165 14,239,070 3,181,567 465,799 5,045,699 726,523 20,869,768 376,215 4,536,253 127,536 22,214,265 9,481,392 1,246,592 2,894,202 24,019,160 37,169,091 23,285,493 34,438,713 52,587,531 112,361,545 213,865,744 C. T . J O N E S , .Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. 77 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 10. Statement exhibiting the gross value ofi exports and imports firom the beginning of thc government to the 50th of June, 1855. Exports. Years ending— Imports—total. Domestic produce. Septeraber 30, 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798. 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817, 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 September 30, 1842 Oms. to June 30,1843 End'g .lune 30, 1844 1845 1846 $19,666,000 18,500,000 19,000,000 24,000,000 26,500,000 39,500,000 40,764,097 29,850,206 28,527,097 33,142,522 31,840,903 47,473,204 36,708,189 ' 42,205,961 41,467,477 42,387,002 41,203,727 48,699,592 9,433,546 31,405,702 42,366^675 45,294,043 30,032,109 25,008,132 6,782,272 45,974,403 64,781,896 68,313,500 73,854,437 50,976,838 51,683,640 43,671,894 49,874,079 47,155,408 50,649,500 66,944,745 53,055,710 58,921,691 50,669,669 55,700,193 59,462,029 61,277,057 63,137,470 70,317,698 81,024,162 101,189,082 106,916,680 95,564,414 96,033,821 103,533,891 113,895,634 106,382,722 92,969,996 77,793,783 ,99,715,179 99,299,776 102,141,893 Foreign merchandise. $539,156 512,041 1,753,098 2,109,572 6,526,233 8,489,472 •26,300,000 27,000,000 33,000,000 45,523,000 39,130,877 46,642,721 35,774,971 13,594,072 36,231,597 53,179,019 60,283,236 59,643,558 12,997,414 20,797,531 24,391,295 16,022,790 8,495,127 2,847,865 145,169 6,583,350 17,138,156 19,358,069 19,426,696 19,165,683 18,008,029 21,302,488 22,286,202 27,543,622 25,337,157 32,590,643 24,539,612 23,403,136 21,595,017 16,658,478 14,387,479 20,033,526 • 24,039,473 19,822,735 23,312,811 20,504,495 21,746,360 21,854,962 12,452,795 17,494,525 18,190,312 15,469,081 11,721,538 6,552,697 11,484,867 15,346,830 11,346,623 Total. V $20,205,156 19,012,041 20,753,098 26,109,572 33,026,233 47,989,472 67,064,097 56,850,206 61,527,097 78,665,522 70,971,780 94,115,925 72,483,160 55,800,033 77,699,074 95,566,021 101,536,963 108,343,150 22,430,960 52,203,233 66,757,970 61,316,833 38,527,236 27,855,997 6,927,441 52,557,753 81,920,452 87,671,569 93,281,133 70,142,521 69,691,669 64,974,382 72,160,281 74,699,030 75,986,657 99,535,388 77,595,322 82,324,827 72,264,686 72,358,671 73,849,508 81,310,583 87,176,943 90,140,443 104,336,973 121,693,577 • 128,663,040 117,419,376 108,486,616 121,028,416 132,085,946 121,851,803 104,691,534 84,346,480 111,200,046 114,646,606 113,488,516 $23,000,000 29,200,000 31,500,000 31,100,000 34,600,000 69,756,268 81,436,164 75,379,406 68,551,700 79,069,148 91,252,768 111,363,511 76,333,333 64,666,666 85,000,000 .120,600,000 129,410,000 138,500,000 56,990,000 59,400,000 • 85,400,000 53,400,000 77,030,000 22,005,000 12,965,000 113,041,274 147,103,000 99,250,000 121,750,000 87,125,000 74,450,000 62,585,724 83,241,541 - 77,579,267 80,549,007 96,340,075 84,974,477 79,484,068 88,500,824 74,492,527 70,876,920 103,191,124 101,029,266 108,118,311 126,521,332 149,805,742 189,980,035 140,989,217 113,717,404 162,092,132 107,141,519 127,946,177 100,162,087 64,753,799 108,435,0.35 117,254,564 121,691,797 78 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 10—Continued. Exports. Years ending— Imports—total. Domestic produce. June 30 .1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 Foreign merchandise. Total. $150,637,464 132,904,121 132,666,955 136,946,912 196,689,718 192,368,984 213,417,697 253,390,870 246,708,553 $8,011,158 21,128,010 13,088,865 14,951,808 21,698,293 17,209,382 17,558,460 24,8.50,194 28,448,293 $158,648,622 154,032,131 145,755,820 151,898,720 218,388,011 209,658,366 230,976,157 278,241,064 275,156,846 $146,545,638 154,998,928 147,857,439 178,138,318 216,224,932 212,945,442 267,978,647 304,562,381 261,468,520 4,820,422,620 1,349,652,124 6,170,074,744 6,982,901,454 NOTE.—Prior to 1821, the treasury reports did not give the value of imports. To that period their value, and also the value of domestic and foreign exports, have been estimated from sources believed to be authentic. From 1821 to 1855, inclusive, their value has been taken from official documents. C. T. JONES, Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, October 24, 1855 No. 11. Statement exhibiting the amount of the tonnage ofi thc United States annually, firom 1^89 to 1855, inclusive. Registered ton- Enrolled and li- Total tonnage. nage. censed tonnage. Years endingTons. Dec. 31, 1789. 1790. 1791. 1792. 1793, 1794. 1795. 1796, 1797. 1798 1799. 1800 1801. 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 123,893 346,254 363,110 411,438 367,734 438,863 529,471 576,733 597,777 603,376 662,197 669,921 632,907 560,380 597,157 672,530 749,341 808,265 848,307 769,054 910,059 ^ 77,669 132,128 139,036 153,019 153,030 189,755 218,494 255,166 279,136 294,952 277,212 302,571 314,670 331,724 352,015 369,874 391,027 400,451 420,241 473,542 440,222 201,562 274,377 502,146 564,457 520,764 628,618 747,965 831,899 876,913 898,328 939,409 972,492 947,577 892,104 949,172 1,042,404 1,140,368 1,208,716 1,268,548 1,242,596 1,350,281 79 -REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 11—Continued. Pi-egistered ton- Enrolled and li- Totai tonnage. nage. censed tonnage. Years endingTons. Dec. 31, 1810. 1811. . 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. 1818. 1819. 1820. 1821. 1822, 1823., 1824., 1825., 1826. 1827. 1828.^ 1829. 1830. 1831., 1832. 1833. 1834. Sept. 30, 1835. 1836., 1837.. 1838.. 1839.. 3840.. 1841.. 1842.. une 30, 1843.. 1844.. 1845. 1846., 1847.. 3848.. 1849.. 1850.. J851.. 1852., 1853., 3854.. 18.55.. 984,269 768,852 760,624 674,853 674,633 ^854,295 800,760 809,725 606,089 612,930 619,048 619,896 628,150 639,921 669,973 700,788 739,978 747,170 812,619 650,143 576,475 620,453 686,990 750,027 857,438 885,821 897,775 810,447 822,592 834,245 899,765 945,803 975,359 1,009,305 1,068,765 1,095,172 1,130,286 1,241,313 1,360,887 1,438,942 1,585,711 1,726,307 6,899,448 2,103,674.20 2,233,819.16 2,535,136.15 440,515 463,-650 509,373 491,776 484,577 513,833 571,459 590,187 619,096 647,821 661,119 679,062 696,549 696,645 719,190 722,324 796,213 873,438 928,773 610,655 615,301 647,395 752,460 856,124 901,469 939,119 984,328 1,086,237 1,173,048 1,262,234 1,280,999 1,184,941 3,117,032 1,149,298 1,211,330 1,321,8.30 1,431,798. 1,597,733 1,793,155 1,895,074 1,949,743 2,046,132 2,238,992 2,303,336.23 2,469,083.47 2;676,864.90 1,424,784 1,232,502 1,269,997 1,166,629 1,159,201 1,368,128 1,372,219 1,399,912 1,225,185 1,260,751 1,280,167 1,298,958 1,-324,699 1,336,566 1,389,163 1,423,112 1,534,191 1,620,608 1,741,-392 1,260,798 1,191,776 1,267,847 1,4-39,450 1,606,151 1,758,907 1,824,940 1,882,103 1,896,684 1,995,640 2,096,479 2,180,764 2,130,744 2,092,391 2,158,603 2,280,095 2,417,002 2,-562,084 2,839,046 3,154,042 3,334,016 3,535,454 3,772,4,39 4,1.38,440 4,407,010.43 4,802,902.63 5,212,001.10 C. T. JONES, Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. oo o No. 12. A table showing the revenue collected firom the beginning ofi the government to June 30, 1855, uncier the several heads ofi customs, public lands, and miscellaneous sources^ including loans and treasury notes; also the expenditures during the same period, and the particular tariff, and price of lands, under loliich the revenue firom those sources ivcis collected. From customs. Years. From Mar. 4,1789, to Dec. 31, 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 .1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802» 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 Date of tariff. ,399,473 09 July 4, 1789, general ; Aug. 10; 1790—general ;| Mar. 3, 1791—1 general. May 2—general 3,443,070 4,255,306 June 5—special ; 4,801,065 June 7—general Jan. 29—general 5,588,461 6,567,987 Mar. 3—general; 7,549,649 July 8—special. 7,106,061 6,610,449 May 13—special . 9,080^9-32 10,750,778 12,438,235 10,479,417 Mar. 26—special; 11,098,565 March 27—special. 12,936,487 14,667,698 15,845,521 From public lands. Price per acre. From miscella- That portion of neous sources, miscellaneous' includ'g loans! arising from Total receipts. and treasury loans & treasnotes. ! ury notes. l , b y act ofMay $5,810,552 66 20, 1785. Total expenditures. td •D o 5,791,112 56 $10,210,025 75 $7,207,539 02 5,297,695 92i 5,070,806 46 1,465,317 721 1,067,701 I4| 5,240,036 37} 4,609,196 78 8,740,766 77 5,720,624 28] 10,041,101 65 9,141,569 67 7,529,575 55 9,302,124 74 3,831,341 53 3,305,268 20 2,167,505 561 362,800 00 1,125,726 15| 70,135 41 9,419,802 79 8,740,329 65 8,758,916 40 10,435,069 65 8,367,776 84 8,626,012 78 O W $4,836 15 $2, by act of May 83,540 60| 18, 1796. 11,963 11 ""'us'75 167,726 188,628 165,675 487,526 06 02| 69 79 540,193 80l 765,245 7.3 466,163 271 1,091,045 6,011,010 3,369,807 2,026,950 2,374,527 419,004 249,747 03 * 308,574 27 53 5,074,646 53| 66 1,602,435 041 961 10,125 00 55 5,597 36 33 90 212,827 30! 175,884 881 86,334 38! 128,814 94 48,897 71 8,209,070 12,621,459 12,451,184 12,945,455 15,001,391 11,064,097 11,853,840 07 84 14| 95 31| 63i 02 8,613,517 68 11,077,043 50 11,989,739 92 12,273,376 94 13,276,084 67 11,258,983 67 12,624,646 36 13,689,508 14 15,608,828 78 16,398,019 26^ 13,727,124 41 15,070,093 97 11,292,292 99 atd Ul 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 I8I5 1816 36,363,550 7,296,020 8,583,309 13,313,222 8,958,777 13,224,623 5 99R 772 7,282,942 36,306,874 1817 1818 1-819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 26,283,348 17,176,385 20,283,608 35,005,612 13,004,447 17,589,761 19,088,433 17,878,325 20,098,713 23,341,331 39,712,283 23,205,523 1829 1830 22,681,965 21,922,391 1831 1832 24,224,441 28,465,237 1833 29,032,508 1834 3835 1836 1837 1838 18.39 .1840 1841 1842 16,214,957 39,391,310 23,409,940 "31,169,290 10,1-58,800 23,137,924 13,499,502 14,487,216 18,187,908 51 054 45 647,939 06 1,882 16 58 .35,200 21 442,v252 33 58 2,864, 348 40 2,759,992 25 31 696,548 82 . '78 377 88 8,309 05 73 1,040,237 53 12,969;827 45 3.2,837,900 00 53 July 1—special.. 710,427 78 26,464,566 56 26,184,435 00 835,655 14 25 July 29—special. 27,424,793 78 23,377,911 79 08 1,135,971 09 42,390,336 10 35,264,320 78 22 1,287,959 28 19,146,561 91 9,494,436 16 88 Feb. 5—special ; 1,717,985 03 April 27—gen'l 49 5,559,017 734,542 59 1,991,226 061 00 April 20—special 2,606,564 77 1,810,986 8,765 62 76 Mar. 3—special.. 3,274,422 78, 1,047,633 2,291 00 35 4,240,009 1,635,871 61 April 24,1820, re.3,040,824 33 15 5,356,290 1,212,966 46 duces the mini5,000,324 00 94 1,803 581 54 mum to ^1 25. 839,084 44 . 916 523 10 535,709 984 418 15 71 May 22—general. "5,'666-ooo'oo 5,518,468 090 56 1,216 45 5,526,054 5,000,000 00 1,-393,785 09 -77 525,317 1,495 845 26 29 1,758,235 64 May 19—general; 1,018 308 75 539,796 May 24—special 91 628.486 34 1,517,175 13| 39 May 20—special ; 2,329,356 14' 592,368 98 May29~special 77 1,091,563 .57 3,210,815.48 24 July 13—special ; 2,623,381 03 776,942'89 July 14—gen'l. 91 Mar. 2—special ; 3,967,682 55 948,234 79 March 2—compromise. 15 719 377 71 4,8-57,600 69 59 1,281, 175 76 14,757,600 75 53 2,539 675 69 24,877,179 86j 39 9,938; 326 93| "2,'992,*989*i5 6,776,236 52 36 19,778 642 77 12,716,820 86 3,081,939 47' 81 5,325 653 66 3,857,276 21 7,076,447 35 17 8,240, 405 84 5,589,547 51 3,292,285 58| 14;666, 633 49 13,6.59,317 38 74 Sept. 31—general 1,365,627 42j 15,250 038 611 14,808,735 64 76 Aug. 30—general 1,335,797 521 * $1,458,782 93 deducted from the aggregate receipts, as per account ofthe Treasurer, No. 76,922. 17,062 ,544 09 7,773 ,473 32 32,144 ,206 53 14,431 ,838 14! 22,639 ,032 76| 40,524 ,844 95 34,559 ,536 951 .50,961 ,237 60 57,171 ,421 82 16,764 ,584 13,867 ,226 13,319 ,986 13,601 ,808 22,279 ,121 ,39,190 520 38,028 ,230 39,582 493 48;244 ,495 20 30 74 91 15 36 32 35 51 33,833 592 33 21,593 936 66| 24,605 665 37 20,881 493 68 19,.573, 703 72 20,2,32, 427 94 20,540 666 26 24,381' 212 79 •26,840; 858 02 25,260, 434 21 22,966, 363 96 24,763, 629 23 40,877,646 04 35,104,875 40 24,004,199^ 73 21,763,024 85 19,090,572 60 17,676,.592 63 35,314,171 00 31,898,-538 47 23,585,804 72 24,103,398 46 22,656,764 04 25,459,479 52 24,827,627 38| 24,844,116 51 25,044,358 40 24,585,281 55 28,,526,820 82l 31,865,561 16; 30,038,446 32 34,356,698 06 33,948,426 25 24,257,298 49. 3 H3 O t=i •Cl Ul 21,791 935 55! ,35,430 087 10 50,826 796 08 27,883,853 84 39,019,382 60 *33,881,242 89| 25,032, 193 59 30,519,477 65 34,773,744 89 24,601,982 17,573,141 30,868,164 37,265;037 39,4,55,438 37,614,936 28,226,533 31,797,530 32,936,876 44 56 04 35 35 35 81 03 53 00 No. 12—Continued. From custoras. Years. To June 30, 1843 1843-44 1844-45 1845-46 1846-47 $7,046,843 26,183,570 27,528,11^ 26,712,667 23,747,864 1847-48 31,757,070 1848-49 28,346,738 1849-50 1850-51 1851-52 1852-53 1853-54 1854-55 39,668,686 49,017,567 47,339,326 58,931,865 64,224,190 53,025,794 Total. Date of tariff. From public lands. ^897,818 91 2,059,939 94 2,077,022 70' 2,694,452 87! 2,498,355 66 July 30, 1846general. 96|Mar. "29, 1848—| 3,328,642 special. 82 Aug. • 12, 1848—I 1,688,959 special; Jan.26, 1849—special. 1,859,894 42 2,352,305 92 2,043,239 62 1,667,084 52| 8,470,798 27! 11,497,049 21 1,263,128,728 52 Hi 80 30 48 20 Price per acre. GO From miscella That portion of neous sources miscellaneous includ'g loansj arising from and treasury loans & treasnotes. ury notes. ,^12,837,748 2,955,044 336,718 292,847 29,091,948 Total receipts. Total expenditures. 431 12,551,409 191 120,782,410 45 ^2,118,105 15 .33,642,010 85 99 1,877,847 95| 31,198,555 73 30,490,408 71 29,941,853 90 90 27,632,282 90 29,699,967 74 39 55,338,168 52| 60,520,851 74 66 28,900,765 36 56| 21,906,765 691 21,293,780 00 56,992,479 21 60,655,143 19 55 29,761,194 611 29,075,815 48 59,796,892 98 56,386,422 74 47,649,388 52,762,704 49,893,115 61,500,102 73,802,291 65,351,374 44,604,718 48,476,104 46,712,608 54,577,061 75,473,119 66,393,733 251 30| 58 991 39| 07! 155,151,230 23| 6,120,808 1,392,831 510,549 901,152 1,107,302 828,531 21 4,056,500 00 031 207,664 92 40 46,300 00 30| 3 6,372 ,501 1,950 00 74 800 00 40 88l 25 60 81 40 68j O o Ul 394,403,242 68307,835,470 72i 1,812,079,^115 02 1,764,535,400 71. F. BIGGER, Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office^ J^rovemher 6, 1855. 26 31 83 74 08 78 tr| o No. 13. Statement showing the annual average export price ofi flour at New York firom 1800 till J u n e l O , 1855; cdso,' the annual average price ofi fljour in thc cities ofi Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, and St. Louis, firomlSOO till June 30,1855. 1800. 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804.- 1805. 1806. 1807. 1808. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. 1818.- po 00 §13 Export price. 00 $9 00 $7 00 $7 75 $13 00 $7 50 $8 25 $6 00 $-7 50 $8 25 $10 .50$10 75 $13 00 $14 50 $9 25 $7 37 $14 75 $10- 25 O Boston. ••••.... 11 00 12 10 8 17 7 55 8 97 11 25 6 01 7 15 9 59 8 25 7 73 6 25 7 63 9 42 10 42 10 90 14 67 14 57 . 8 95 9 40 12 27 10 50 o N e w York 9 38 10 14 6 19 7 13 6 76 5 35 6 79 8 77 9.05 9 08 • 7 76 7 76 8 17 9 34 11 72 9 42 w 7 67 .8 68 9 75 12 12 9 85 8 67 10 31 9 59 Philadelnhia. •••••..... 9 75 10 85 6 94 6 75 7 81 10 15 7 15 7 10 5 59 6 43 9 87 10 40 Baltimore 7 00 6 50 7 33 12 08 7 33 7 50 5 75 6 50 9 40 10 67 10 12 10 17 8 50 7 92 13 50 9 00 9 00 11 42 11 42 N e w Orleans St. Louis.. . . o . o . . . . . . 9 95 9 29 • 9 30 12 50 10 83 > O td m ...... Tha'price of flour for Now Orleans and St. Louis could not be obtained for earlier years than those respectively given. OO OS No. 13.—-Statement showing the oMUal average export price ofi flour froin ISOO till June 30, 1855—Continued, 00 1819. 1820. 1821. 1822. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831. 1832. 1833. 1834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 00 fJ5 37 $4 25^ $7 00 •$7 75 $6 62 $5 37i $5 25| $8 00 $5 50l Export price.. Boston. 7 70 25 4 42 6 94 7 34 6 07 5 57 New York., 6 79 81 4 85 6 39 6 93 5 93| 19 Philadelphia. 7 19 4 94 4 92 6 481 6 90 5 62 5 00 Baltimore , 6-56 4 65 4 64 6 36 6 89 5 54 New Orleans. 9 62 6 20 5 75 6 68 6 25 $5 ooj $7 -25 $5 62| $5 87{ $5 50j $5 50 $6 00 $7 5.0 $10 25 5 64 6 14 6 81 5 26 6 05 6 29| 6 11 5 42 6 42 8 50 10 18 OOi 5 34 5 .50 6 54 5 03 5 8i 5 87 5 70 5 07 6 00 7 7i 9 69 4 69 5 27 5 29 6 25 4 831 5 82 5 62 5 85i 5 21 5 75 7 44 9 75 fel 2 O ^ o 4 78 5 15 5 481 6 37 4 861 5 61 5 79 5 69i 4 99 7 92 9 43 g 4 49 5 12 5 36 4 98 6 84 5 23 5 191 6 351 8 55 9 10 > 4 93 4 50 9 12 5 24 ^ St. Louis. 4 91 7 20i 5 47 6 25 00 g Ul The price of flour for New .Orleans and St. Louis could not b© obtained for earlier years than those respectively given. No. 13.^—Statement shoioing the annual average export price of flour firom 1800 till-June 30, 1855—-Continued. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. '1846. 1847. 1848. 1 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. • $9 50 $6 75 $5-37 $5 20 $6 00 $4.50 '$4 75 $4 51 $5 18 $5 95 $6 22 $5 35 $5 00 $4 77 4 4 24 $5 60 $7 88 $10 10 Export price 8 25 7 20 5 51 5 77 5 67 4 87 .5 13 5 32 5 53 7 '17 6 43 6 00 6 00 5 25 5 20 N e w York 8 02 7 40 5 17 5 39 5 67 5 07 4 61 5 00 5 19 6 80 5 71 4.96 4 86 4 19 4 96 5 51 8 02 Philadelphia. 7,81 6 89 5 22 5 34 5 47 4 60 4 34 4 69 4' 79 6 02 5 67 4 84 4 97 4 38 4 23 5 47 8 14 9 62 Baltimore 7 84 6 a5 5 00 5 31 5 20 4 36 4 31 4 63 4 53 6 21 5 52 ' 4 83 4 89 4 18 4 26 5 39 8 13 9 57 N e w Orleans 8 67 6 57 4 93 5 33 4 54 4 18 4 44 4 83 4 38 5 54 4 76 4 61 5 31 4 00 ,4 10 5 48 7 60 9 36 St Louis A... .••«•«••••••<>•« 7 37 7. 19 4 93 4 75 4 56 3 75 4 50 4 93 4 50 4 93 5 25 . 5 43 6 25 4 88 5 08| 6 09 7 83 Boston « 5 23 6 27 9 25 10 25 9 06 O o• •=€ W HH' otej Ul The price.of flour for New Orleans and St. Louis could not be obtained for earlier years than those respectively given. GO Ox. 86 REPOET ON THE FINANCES. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, March 8, 1855. it will be necessary again to refer to the subject of tlie tariff, I desire a table of tbe inanufactures of each State and Territory, as shown by the census of 1850, so made to exhibit the aggregate. To this should be added tables exhibiting the character of the inanufactures of each State, &c., and another exhibiting the aggregate of each character in the United States. .If the census of 1840 will furnish such tables, I should like to have them from that census; also from those of 1830, 1820, 1810, 1800, and 1^90, or as far as they furnish the materials. I am, very respectfully, JAMES GUTHEIE, Secretary ofi the: Treasury. Messrs. E. C. MORGAN and W . A. -SHANNON. ' GENTLEMEN: AS TREASURY DEPARTMENT, November 16, 1855. SIR : In, compliance with the instructions contained in your letter of March 8, 1855, referring to certain statistical tables on the subject ofthe tariff, the undersigned have-the lienor to submit the following report: That in pursuing the duty assigned them, the census for the different decades were consulted, with but partial success, except for the years 1840 and 1850, which were full enough for all practical purposes. The census of 1790 a^nd 1800 seem to, be nothing more than a mere enumeration of the population of the States for the purpose of determining the representative ratio in Congress. Those of 1810 and 1820 are but partially given, and from the imperfect state of the returnsj works bearing on the subject had to be consulted, ftom which much of the information presented has been obtained. From a l i k e cause the census of 1830 is as imperfect as those of IWO and 1800, and, but for returns made in compliance with a resolution of Congress, passed January 19, 1832, which includes but ten States, there would be nothing to present for that year. In the year 1840 more attention was given to the resources of tho country, and the data presented enables us to make out, as we believe, nearly a full and complete exhibit of tHe manufactures. The returns for 1850, taken from the Compendium ofthe Census for that year, are full and satisfactory. Table No. 14 is an exhibit of the manufacturing products of the United States for 1810, and has been made iip with great care from the census of that year, x)ompiled by Tench Coxe, esq., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1813. The returns are very imperfect, and a glance at the table will show that some States—Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, for instance—are more fully represented, in most every branch of manufactures, than others. The manufactures of cotton and wool were generally produced in families at that time, and REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 87 are so blended in the returns with those produced in mills, as to render it impossible to separate them. Table No. 15 is a statement of the manufactures of the States and Territories for 1820, as given by the census returns for that year. The manufactures of cotton, wool, and flax, were mostly in families, and are not given. The data relating to the iron interests, j)roducts of distilleries and brevv^eries, and the product of the fisheries, are imperfect, and no information touching the same can be found further than that presented in the table. We visited New Bedford^ Mass., to endeavor to find data of the whale fishery, but could ~ find no reliable tables ofthe value of that important branch of industry of an earlier date than 1833. Table No. 16. .By authority of a resolution passed by Congress January 19, 1832, the manufacturing statistics of the eastern and middle States were taken, and published in two large octavo volumes. (See Executive Documents 1st Session 22d Congress, liouse Document No. 308.) Prom this work the information presented in this table has-been carefully collected, b u t i t does not fully represent the manufacturing products of any one State, except, perhaps, Massachusetts. All manufactures in families, and those on a small scale, are not embraced in the returns, whilst in some of the States many manufacturers declined answering the questions ofthe marshals. No further data can be found in addition to that presented. Table No. 17 has been .carefully prepared from the census of 1840, which is fuller than that of a,ny previous year. The manufactures of the States and Territories are generally given, but on reference to the table it will be seen that some of the States and Territories are • wanting, and no means have come to hand to supply this deficiency. The census is not uniform in the manner of giving the returns; many of the manufactures and agricultural products are stated in quantity, whilst others are given in value. To make the tables uniform, the prices current for the year ,had to be consulted and computations made in every case. The prices of maple and cane sugar, which are included in the manufactures, have been estimated upon the authority of Professor Tucker, at 6 and 4 cents per pound respectively. In cases where prices current did not show the value of aiiy article, the books of long established merchants were consulted. Table No. 18, prepared from, the census returns of 1850, is complete. The returns of mainufacturing statistics for that year are uniform in their character, and give the value of the products. A few explanatory notes are apj)ended to the table. Table No. 19 is a recapitulation of Tables Nos. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Tables Nos. 20 and 21 are statements of the population, manufactures and agricultural productions of the United States and Territories; the allotment per capita of the manufacturing and agricultural products per State and nation; value of imports paying duty, less the value of foreign paying exports; value of imports paying duty, less the value of foreign paying exports to each State, based upon its population; amount paid per capita of the paying imports, less the foreign paying exports; amount of paying imports, less the foreigii paying exports, allotted to each State, based uj)on its productions: and allot 88 REPORT ,0N THE FINANCES. ment per capita of the paying imports, less the foreign paying exports, as allotted to each State,'based upon its productions, for the years 1840 and 1850. Notes explanatory are appended. In the computation of the value of agricultural products for the year 1850, Professor Tucker's estimates have been adopted, except so far as it became hecessary to exclude from such products certain articles given in the notes. Table No. 13 is a statement of the annual average export price of flour at New York, from 1800 to June 30, 1855, inclusive; also the annual average price of that article in the cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, from 1800 to June 30, 1855, inclusive; and the prices in New Orleans from 1813, and in St. Louis from 1833. This table has been perfected from information obtained from Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, DeBow's Eeview, from returns made'by the collectors of the customs of the different ports, and from data very kindly furnished by Messrs. S. G. Bowdlear & Co., Boston, Massachusetts. In the preparation of these tables, and to obtain the required information, it became necessary to examine books which were not in the Department Library. We have visited the Congressional Library, and that of Peter Force, esq., of this city; the Mercantile and Society Libraries in New York; the State Library at Albany, New York; the Athenaeum, the State and City Libraries in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Library of Cambridge University. To the officers of these libraries, to merchants and other gentlemen, whom in the performance of our duty we had occasion to consult, we wish here to make acknowledgment for their courtesy. All of which is respectfully submitted. We have the honor to be your obedient servants, EOBEET C. MOEGAN, W . A. SHANNON. Hon. JAMJES GUTHRIE, Secretary of the Treasury. No. 14.—Statement showing the population and manufiactures ofi the Unitecl States and Territories fior the year 1810. c^ B ' ^ ' ^ 3 .\.S States. C^ ^ Columbia, District of . Connecticut Delaware .-. Georgia Kentucky Louisiana. Maine, District of . . . . Mar3dand. Massachusetts . New Plampshire New Jersey New York North C a r o l i n a . . . . . . . Ohio . . Pennsylvania Pthode Island.. South Carolina . . . . . . . . Tennessee Vermont.. Virginia . '^Illinois Indiana Michigan ' Mississippi I Missouri .'... Total. 24,023 264,042 72,674 252,433 406,513 76,556 228,705 380,546 472,040 214,360 245,555 959,049 555,500 230,760 810,091 77,031 415,115 261,727 217,713 974,622 12,282 24,520 4,762 40,352 20,845 $52,000 1,053,730 143,880 2,129,023 554,134 106,544 ,580,027 1,013,320 2,128,176 880,208 910,233 2,153,613 747,285 887,053 3,060,772 844,.591 1,619,0681 1,329,066 1,238,699 4,203,221 '54,023 129,985 1,098 257,248 OC^ O ^ $17 ,400 $73,000 811 ,144 1,731,472 $46,180 $351,198 23 096 195,420 230,497 473 ,658 30,155 22,305 740 ,242 44,260 1,815,909 1,000 157 ,025 244,000 36,780 107 ,200 21,929 743,242 539 ,840 491,058 249,653 480,753 154,700 2,078,542 1,714 ,776 2,074,410 170,350 74 ,450 1,635,209 632 ,354 526,511 851,932 851,582 497,875 2,026 ,561 362,020 6,3.32,819 554,950 758 ,005 135,160 2,323,961 585 ,892 74,123 109,090 332,920 3,421,055 1,301,343 4,492,478 4,365 ,503 56,770 848 ,240 3,970 740,359 90,227 ' 297 ,061 95,554 400 900 263,327 98,097 412,522 129 ,964 272,059 122,000 1,.385,152 171,312 538,854 1,735 ,577 1,033,781 29,067 6,172 10,267 4,000 fx o 'o .^ $2,050 324,870 6,110 $463,320 cd ^ C 3,769 92,895 3,800 24,000 1,000 600 704,000 ,670 22 ,230 14 ,172 7,239,814 26,076,997 25,608,788 3,616,457 10,998,086 16,483,960 Increase per cent, in population for this decade, 36.45. The'manufactures of cotton and wool were generally produced in families. The valu6 of dried and pickled fish exported in the year 1810 was $1,127,000. !=! g o ^ O d • 0-r=i 463,320 1,163,094 (See Pitkin's Statistics,"ed. 1835, page 40.) 250 864 958 ,409 969 113 ,•763 ,826 ,965 592 ,807 6G0 ,706 ,101 ,468 630 ,692 374 ,810 ,530 ,676 ,206 ,250 800 ,260 477 ,152 19 ,175 ,630 523 232 114 302 243 789 .907 ,540 ,419 ,353 55 ,160 79 ,608 31 ,076 46 ,790 $930 650 5,858 682 2,004 ;912 2,768 ,904 5,307 ,380 2,143 ,266 2,31 ,104 8,879 ,861 18,337 ,511 3,135 ,027 5,313 ,288 14,569 ,138 5,323 ,421 2,290 ,230 35,817 ,781 3,017 ,762 2,216 ,212 2,747 ,701 5,055 ,414 16,806 ,096 117 ,853 264 890 52 518 314 ,305 o O Ha teJ *^ .fei Cl tei zn 60,975,204 145,385,906 00 CO No. 15.—Statement slwwing the population and. manufiactures ofi the United States and Territories for theyear 1820. States. Alabama Columbia, District of. Connecticut Delaware Georgia Indiana Kentucky Louisiana « Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi' Missouri N e w Hampshire N e w Jersey New Y o r k . . . . . . . . . . . Nortli Carolina . ; Ohio , Pennsylvania Rhode Island > South Carolina . . . . . . Tennessee.. . . . . . . . . . Vermont «.. Virginia Arkansas T e r r i t o r y . . . , Illinois Territory Michigan Territory . . Total Census of Manufac's Manufac's Manufac's Manufac's Breweries Product of Product of Manufac's All other Total the salt of cotton, of wool of pig iron of w r o u g h t and dis- the fishproduced manufac's 1820. value of tilleries. & castings. iron. eries. m a n u f a c ' s . in families. manufac's. 127,901 33,039 275,202 72,749 340,987 147,178 .564,317 153,407 298,335 407,350 523,287 75,448 66,586 244,161 277,575 ,372.812 ,638,829 581,434 ,049,458 83,059 502,741 422,813 2.35,764 ,065,379 14,273 55,211 8,896 $5,292 $443,268 151,266 101,232 5,400 197,925 35,750 274,031 735,512 154,547 190,915 738,3 40 17,222 51,315 555,673 988,157 4,666 125,256 49,882 14,000 289,083 106,300 19,500 3,750 523,149 6,200 22,425 210,300 294,85r 6,700 51,672 17-7,409 956,147 39,468 689,292 .333,371 124,909 ' 127 j 0.52 198,659 198,020 900 9,120 . 39,500 $30,000 130,000 93,000 77,500 40,500 76,300 342,400 413,350 563,810 184,916 85,400 193,100 $15,620 5,000 296,260 30,000 69,036 3,000 138,800 10,000 65,200 449,080 423,610 650 *297 136 $1,425 46,039 69 736 112 000 63-,800 163 700 267 040 101 871 18,421 47,537 18,340 43,250 188,997 143,057 472,158 1,632,543 53,530 62,980 491,707 479,511 476,516 1,156,266 302,500 19,032 2,200 42,000 313,509 246,755 33,340 63,314 393,417 162,737 320 18,700 1,000 2,160 9 , 6 3 8 , 1 3 1 a 4 , 8 3 4 , 1 5 7 ^ 4 , 4 1 3 , 0 6 8 2,230,276 4,640,669 4,876,486 Increase in population for this decade 33.13 per cent. aThe inanufactures of cotton, wool, and flax for this decade were mostly in families, and are not given in the census of 1820. The ii'on interests are only partially represented in the above table, the returns being imperfect. The product of breweries and distilleries but partially given in the census. The value of dried and pickled fish exported in the year 1820 was $1,502,000. (See Pitkin's Statietics, edition of 1885, pags 40.) CO o 188,840 95,436 58,000 669,041 13,350 129,126 100,000 750 18,912 '57.5*566 1,873 1,852,258 $75,645 699,620 1,087,282 999,900 371,944 315,928 1,006,012 192,500 199,3" 3,733,885 794,835 207 704 620 2,413, 029 l,318y 891 607, 751 397, 814 2 , 2 9 6 , 726 272, 500 486, 473 5 , 0 2 7 , 336 2 , 5 2 3 , 614 166 '85 439 ,650 398 ,461 4 , 9 8 1 ,643 258 ,868 3,036 ,126 3,709 ,583 181 ,873 119 ,800 3,335 727 459 7.58 5,149 925 55 388 71 285 77 297 443 747 959 1,175 139 9,792 072 445 398 5 , 2 9 0 , 427 6,895 219 1,617 221 168, 666 2 , 3 5 2 , 127 890, 353 6 , 6 8 6 , 699 56, 408 100, 983 100, 460 29,939,623 52,766,530 tei o O teJ > otej Ul No.-16. | o fl o • fl rr cd c5 n CQ ' f l • ^o s Is U fl ^ 0) P5 • 02 a> ^ 3 Cvj 2 fl •fl ^^ - g| • - cd S SS ^ 309,527 Alabama Columbia, District of. 39,834 Connecticut., 297,675 $1,853,296 $1,576,975 $136,762 $500,000 $35,700 $108,149 . • 76,748 Delaware^ , $5,000 310,000 120,000 160,000 Georgia. 516,823 Illinois , 157,445 Indiana i 343,031 & Kentucky 687,917 Louisiana 215,739 Maine 399,455 54,500 '"608*566 229,985 ** 240,625 481,856 612,636 Maryland 447,040 Massachusetts 610,408 7,754,803 7,312,836 1,437,147 8,360,102 3,068,523 3,532,609 205,776 Mississippi '.. ^ 136,621 Missouri 140,455 . New Hampshire 269,328 2,447,634 52,891 803^300 842,375 750 364,284 New Jersey 320,823 1,879,380 412,941 728,000 642,238 New York 1,918,608 2,706,920 1,297,003 751,807 1,989,790 302,807 North Carolina 737,987 Ohio ..' 937,903 Pennsylvania 1,348,233 2,099,735 1,323,070 1,643,702 3,762,847 , 180,215 Rhode Island 97,199 2,645,083 322,151 139,973 200,000 South Carolina 581,185 Tennessee 681,904 Vermont....,..,, 280,652 127,680 149,490l 9.(\ 9.m 225,550 523,900 Virginia . , . , , • . . . . . 1,211,405 \,...::.:.: O f; • II . < $3,842,171 1,396,000 Total value of manufactures. •fl o Manufactures of pig- iron and castings. ' r—l States. o xn - fl' Manufactures wool. x. . o of Statement sliowing the population and manufactures of the United States and Territories for the year 1830. •tej o $8,053,053 1 QQi O nnn tej *4*815,'67i 7 Od^ 7 7 ^ 31,071,828 62,743,624 1,890,265 12J 5 678 499 ^ 6 6 2 .^.5Q 7 Odfi '^97 *2,322,398 t277;900 ^ 460,859 11 ^ ^ 1 Q47 3 585 105 1,507,779 CO No. 16—Continued. • 2 States. C O CM CM O o •1 • 9 II 1- I o -^ CM .O , ., .2 "^ '. fl OJ fl O |§ Sl fl 'T3 O fl >:< •2 , o P CM O CO '>-> Id ti fl • r-l fl 5 ..i3 fl n a cd O fl, fl O ra ^ .• . cfl cd O fl fl ,cj cd O CM ufactures id in famil o CO C o fl • ^ Territories. Florida Navnl serviop Total....... >-^ ... 30,388 34,730 31,639 5,318 O .... , - *^ ' . 12,866,020 22,534,815 14,528,166 4,757,403 16,737,251 3,434,808 3,640,758 O 935,173 46,077,092 112,645,466 Increase per cent, in population for this decade, 33.49. *The manufactures of leather, paper, glass and the maple sugar produced in the county of Somerset are included in the above amount. All manufactures in families and those on a small scale are not given. f i n this State there are several hundred blacksmiths' and other shops where a variety of articles are manufactured for the use of cotton and woollen mills, the product of which is not given. . I In this State many ofthe manufacturers declined answering the queries, consequently the returns are defective. The above statistics are for the year 1831, except the census, and were taken in^ compliance with a resolution of Congress, passed January 1^, 1832. No manufacturing statistics being taken for the decade of 1830, the above is all the data that can be found of a reliable character bearing upon the subject. Ul No. 11. Statement shoiving the population ancl inanufactures ofi the.United States and Territories fior the year 1840. ra .sa States. Ll ^ fl fl^ §- Alabama Arkansas— . Coiumbia, Dis.off Connecticut.... Delaware...... Georgia Illinois . . . . . . . . Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland . Massachusetts . . Michigan Mississippi Missouri . . . . . . . . New Hampshire New Jersey . . . . New York North Carolina. Ohio Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina. Tennessee . . . . . Vermont Virginia 590,756! $17,547 97,574 $129 43,712 309,978 2,715,964 "2,'494]3i3 78,085 . 332,272 104,700 691,392 304,342 300 . 476,183 9,540 685,866 135,400 58,867 779,828 329,380 151,246 352,411 18,900 501,793 97.0,397 "*4i2*.366 470,019 1,150,580 2.35,900 737,699 16,553,423 7,082,898 212,267 9,734 375,651 1,744 383,702 13-7.56 • 284,574 4,142,304 795,784 373,-306 2,085,104 440,710 2,428,921 3,640,237 3,537,337 753,419 . 438,900 3,900 1,519,467 • 139,378 ' 685,757 1,724,033 5,013,007 2,319,061 108,830 7,116,7921 842,172 594,398 359,000 1,000 829,210 325,719 14,290 291,948 133,000 1,331,953 1,239,797 446,063 147,792' $750 $-27,700 1,240 68,000 ,733,044 30,700 5,350 41,200 14,580 164,080 $4,875 cd fl -fl ^ 6 0.2 ra <' PP $34,382 7,132 26,370 $1,656,119 489,750 1,500 300 226,162 232 62,116 1,467,630 4,000 993,567 1,280 1,289,802 43,939 2,622,462 65,190 10,oool 804,397 176,050 240 231,942 75,319 113,955 682,945 2,630 1,149,544 240 538,303 100 201,625 573,577 4,636,547 899 1,413,242 59,470 1,853,937 109,895 1,303,093 51,180 450 930,703 2,886,661 674,548 349,124 2,441,672 $1,740 $87,400 58,291 235,495 907,723 162,375 5,925 29,185 181,285 425 34,221 584 12,350 432,5001 3,9501 510,778 1,300 20,250 1,192 508,381 236,405 730,150' 77,450 88,790 35,000 54,000 1,280,713 56,512 153,050 223,096 513,500 225,773 221,900^ 312,900 390,260 1,461,736 6,483,9961 233,300 1,798,758 137,500 57,900 15,025 870 36,900 193,464 7,670 4^566 60,300 18,336 8,125 92,811 33,000 136,334 121,141 124,140 466,115 277,850 405,955 727,200 •2,512,792 3,490,045 4,141,79d 1,316', 072 286,649 251,792 24,200 16,050 62,595 10,52, 880,900 784,401 485,290 1,922,354 3,599,698 35,.360 2,459',875 1,262,670 5,670,860 244,290 659,312 103,150 147,550 27,618 1,275 31,250 ""75*725 299,734 403,213 **i66;876 628,745 2,865 168,575 42,575 24,900 238,690 470,262 382,590 95,J73i 128,256 $3,234,498 2,114,898 1,416,660 12,523,856 1,982,228 3,496,830 6,536,825 7,346,137 8,435,915! 11,093,053' 10,783,782 10,449,697 39,466,205 3,564,5621 2,839,911 4,514,901 4,758,076 15,447,7561 71,264,589 4,736,340 24,636,389 42,721,441 4,642,851 4,213,802 3,858,162 4,565,566 15,984,986 $4,975,871 2,614,889 1,599,930 21,057,523 2,709,068 5,324,307 8,021,582 9,379,586 13,221,958 11,378,383 14,525,217 13,509,636 73,777,837 3,898,676 3,562,370 5,946,759 10,523,313 19,571,496 95,840,194 7,234,567 31,458,401 64,494,960 13,807,297 5,638,823 8,517,394 6,923,982 20,684,608 3 o w fei I Ul <:0 CO CO fl o si c=2 O fl « fltM cd o li • l § • c ^ faJD o o *J -B . If o rao CM II I'i OH Iowa . • • • • . . . • . Vt^isconsin . . . . . Naval service . . Total 54,477 43,112 30,945 6,100 ^B ^ o "od --« fl < Territories. Florida .' ii Total value of manufactures. o 2 fl Manufactures produced in famihes. CM states. fl —:' CO Product ofthe salt manufactures. ra CQ CO Manufactures of iron, castings. No. 1^—Continued. 800 ' .75 4,000 3,500 1,164 4,371 213,219 2,400 27,663 20,205 25,966 12,567 678,456 452,570 1,632,632 915,080 483,700 1 680 808 pi H3 17,069,453 46,350,453 20,696,999 7,172,575 9,916,442 .12,820,145 14,674,804 11,996,008 1,235,835 29,023,380 329,391,574 483,278,215 tei >-d O Increase per cent, in population for this decade, 32.67. Salt estimated at twenty cents per bushel. Sugar estimated at six cents per pound; except Louisiana at four cents. The product of mills and molasses has been included in the manufactures. O ^ 0 . 18. ' - Statement showing the poptulation mid manufiactures ofi the JJnited States and Territories for the year 1850. States. S CM fl 9 • ^ >-. ra • g O.S Alabama . . . . -Arkansas-.... California . . . Columbia, Dis. of Connecticut... Delaware..... Florida . . . . . . . Georgia Illinpis . . . . . . . Indiana Iowa Kentucky . . . . Louisiana...«. Maine........ Maryland . . . . Massachusetts. Michigan Mississippi . . . . Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey . . . New York . . . . North Carolina Ohio... Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island.. South Carolina o^ P-i $22,500 $271,126 771,623 $382,260 $900 $7,500 16,637 > 209,897 92,597 20,740 4,000 .51,687 - 41,696 $2,400 100,000 6,750 981,400 370,792 4,257,522 6,465,216 847,196 32,860 1,734,483 415,600 267,462 91,532 538,439 38,200 251,000 49,920 87,445 18,676 46,200 57,300 906,185 2,135,044 88,750 15,112 12,384 441,185 851,470 206,572 70,200 718,375 205,802 149,430 "nJ766 1,173,5 988,416 58,000 44,200 192,214 8,500 13,000 9,400 744,316 '2^9!766 982,405 '273*439 318,81"" 604,037 465,724 517,762 312,500 23,750 583,169 2,595,356 265,000 753,300 36,616 569,876 ' 68,000 295,140 1,.056,400 685,''00 583,034 2,120,504 771,431 328,750 994,514 19,712,461 12,770,565 295,123 2,235,635 3,908,952 1,294,800 6,606,849 397,654 90,242 279,697 21,000 230,390 •72,775 606,526 117,400 30,500 682,044 56,000 314,600 336,495 142,900 476,600 68,700 317,976 8,830,619 2,127,745 6,000 373,710 59,28J 20,400 ,489,555 1,109,524 1,164,446 560,544 686,430 1,079,576 486,382 3,097,394 3,591,989 7,030,604 597,920 5,921,980 3,758,547 6,278,065 484,345 869,039 831,342 23,750 38,258 12,500 12,867 250,025 331,914 394,700 1,311,027 1,255,850 3,069,350 1,980,329 127,849 3,451,003 27,565 2,311,786 5,322,262 5,321,866 6,071,513 5,354,881 9,224,256 2,585,557 147,545 6,447,120 2,381,825 64,430 728,705 223,650 , 19,500 10,975 668,507 748,338 " 87,683' ^ $1,934,120 638,217 ^ 7,000 2,075 192,252 $5,600 38,123 75,582 'ci'fioo 1,838,968 6,000 1,155,902 1,631,039 • 221,292 57,825 2,459,128 139,232 "9*766 533,.599 111,828 205,333 93*850 340,947 1,164,020 1,674,705 393,455 112,781 998,315 1,280,333 2,086,522 132,293 1,712,196 749,132 206,796 26,495 909,525 $3,864,808 591,549 *12,837,782 2,342,162 30,374,421 3,554,205 774,317 4,808,828 15,815,324 17,549,630 3,527,790 21,865,031 18,210,994 20,.373,403 27,224,582 104,283,491 10,481,938 2,828,122 22,369,410 11,854,619 34,627,051 209,775,390 7,612,964 53,484,141 121,154,031 32,228,031 6,2.22,794 $6,483,214 1,246,403 *12,869,522 2,495,083 45,306,550 4,687,427 924,495 9,002,586 18,413,558 20,823,450 • 3,779,982 27,089,019 18,686,476 25,185,850 32,593,635 151,407,059 11,516,989 4,140,042 25,439,410 23,663,829 39,826,734 239,717,488 11,200,142 64,765,974 155,990,294 22,119,756 7,979,315 O o w fei Ul Ox No. 18—-Continued. . C M o States. Cfl 1 Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia Wisconsin o ^ tiS o fl u-i ri O 0) H c^ ^ CD • ii fl*^ o CM O . •II <i5 rfl ' fl -fl ^^ p:^ • $6,310 1,002,717 $510,624 15 000 212,592 . 314,120 1,579,161 196,300 841,013 1,421,661 87,992 305,391 1,486,384 $264,^25 $670,618 55,000 127,886 68,000 . 460,831 674,416 1,098,252 521,924 27,000 216,, 195 $676,-100 $43,731 $3,137,790 266,984 267,710 700,466 2,156,312 43,624 $5,900 2,500 247,360 188,350 $95,002 16,875 • Territories. «B Total value of manufactures. 1 G3 Manufactures produced in families. - I—( Productofthe 1 salt manu-^ 1 factures. ^ 00 Manufactures of iron, castings. w m • CO $7,570,979 $12,880,476 1,472,062 1,814,948 6,645,590 9,347,777 24,146,847 31,967,976 8,807,509 9,387,545 H • • M^innp^iota N e w Me'fico Oregon Utah • Total.. 6,077 61,547 13,294 •^ 11,380 10,500 1,500 .......... 6,033 1,392 57,736 239;357 2,236,645 289,732 57 736 255,890 2,236,645 292,624 23,191,876 61,869,184 43,207,545 12,748,727 25,108,155 22,628,771 18,213,681 10,000,182 2,222,745 27,493,644 -832,103,265 1,055,595,899 Increase per cent. in.population for this decade, 35.^7. * Including the product of the mines for 1850. Sugar estimated at eight cents per pound, except Louisiana, at five cents. The product of mills and molasses has been included in the manufactures. fej o O i-3 w fel - • N o . ^19. . . Recapitulation ofi tcd)les Nos. 1^, 15, 16; 11, and 18. s t a t e s a n d Ter ritories. Eemarks, •2S O Seventeen 1790 $3,929,82T The enumeration of the inhabitants only are given for this decade. Do. do, T w e n t y - o n e . . . 1800 5,305,925 -35.0! O •$463,320 $1,163,094 Included in 160,975,204 $145,385,906 Statistica defective. cotton and tirool. 1,852,258 4,876,486 62,T66,535 29,919,621 do. Do. do. Twenty-five... 1810 7,239,814 36.45 ^26,076,997 $25,608,788 $3,616,457 Includ'd in $10,998,086 $16,483,9 pig iron. 4,413,068 2,230,276 . . . d o . . . . 4,640,669 Twenty-eight... 1830 12,866,020 33.49 22,534,815 14,528,166 4,757,403 . . . . d o . . . . 16,737,251 Twenty-seven. 1820 9,638,131 33.13 4,834,157 7,172,575 3,4-34,1 1840 17,069,453 .32.67 46,350,453 20,696,.! Thirty-six . 1850 23,191,876 35.8T 61,869,184 43,207,545 12,748,727 25,108,155 -22,628,771 18,213,Average •34.44 8,640,758 935,173 . . . . . d o ',916,442 11,820,145 14,674,804 11,996,008 1,235,: Thirty 46,077,092 -112,645,466 But ten States represented. 483,278,215 Full. $29,023,380 329,391,574 10,000,182 2,222,745 27,493,644 832,103,265 1,055,595,899 ofej. U2 CO. No. 20. CD 03 5 'S c^^ fl fl- States. 3 fl Alabama , Arkansas Columbia, District of. Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois...,. Indiana , Kentucky.......... Louisiana . . . . . ; . . . . : Maine Maryland. Massachusetts Michigan.. 590,756 97,574 43,712 309,978 .78,085 691,.392 476,183 685,866 779,828 352,411 501,793 470,019 737,699 232,267 $4,236,000 $23,833,470 1,473,715 4,973,655 1,431,020 138,425 19,971,228 11,201,618 2,563,218 2,877,3.50 4 , 6 3 1 , 1 9 1 29,612,436 5,956,327 11,577,281 8,138,274 14,484,610 12,182,786 26,233,968 8,641,439 17,976,017 13,792,150 14,725,615 12,430,866 14,015,665 71,010,703 14,371,732 3,327,671 3,207,048 $28^,069,470 6,447,370 1,569,445 31,172,846 5,440,568 34,243,627 17,533,608 22,622,884 38,416,754 26,617,456 28,517,765 26,446,531 85,382,435 6,534,719 Allotment per capita of the manufacturing and a gricul* tural products per Stite and nation. Statement ofi the population, manufiactures, and agricultural productions ofi the United States and Territories; thc allotment per capita ofi the manufiacturing and agricultural productions per State and nation ; value ofi imports paying duty, less the vcdue ofi fioreign paying exports; vcduc ofi imports paying cluty less the value ofifioreignpaying exports to each State, based upon its population; amount paicl per capita ofi the paying imports, less the fioreign paying exports; amount ofi paying imports, less the fioreign paying exports allotted to each State^ based upon its productions, and allotment per capita ofi - the paying imports, less the fioreign paying exports as allotted to each State, based upon its productions for the year 1840. $47 51 66 08 35 90 100 56 69 68 49 53 36 82 32 98 49 26 75 53 56 83 56 27 115 74 1 30 79 •.^ '>fi ^fl •^ ^ ra § hD B% tj_, O m "^ ^ s-t o fl.4 *"! '^ fl-b^ ^ fl.5p O c^ ' P L , fciC-Q- n i 5 W3 ^tS o ^'9. % AH fl -fl "" fl -^ i 2 fl O ra M O $1,528,168 252,404 113,074 801,851 201,990 1,788,493 1,231,790 1,774,199 2,017,260 911,617 1,298,039 1,215,846 1,908,281 549,092 Pi fej S ^ O H^ S.S -. •- M^'-5 >>. fl JS ^ QJ o o "^ <u :.l.r fl Cu bD • S^fl I ! 3 t^_^ ri +J fl.^^ S fl ^ •+-» ra " f l O-rat: ^ $1,231,420 282,849 ' 68,852 1,367,566 238,680 1,,502,282 769,208 992,475 1,685,359 1,167,719 1,251,086 1,160,220 3,745,764 286,681 g^o o a i . ' ^ ^ ,0 O 'H ,_o >^ boos „ $2 08 90 58 41 06 17 62 45 16 31 49 47 5 08 1 35 )-a W fel a- Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire.., N e w Jersey , N e w York N o r t h Carolina . . . Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island , South Carolina . . . . Tennessee Vermont Virginia 375,651 383,702 284,574 373,306 2,428,921 753,419 1,519,467 '1,724,033 108,8.30 594,398 829,210 291,948 1,239,797 2,38.6,857 4,505,186 10,052,598 18,479,444 88,574,350 6,824,303 27,681,578 59,140,480 13,428,287 4,111,247 8,089,992 6,579,086 19,317,214 26,297,666 9,755,615 30,762,019 15,314,006 91,244,178 24,727,297 27,212,004 51,232,204 1,951,141 20,555,919 27,917,692 16,977,664 48,644,905 28,684,523 14,260,801 20,814,617 33,793,450 179,818,528 31,551,600 54,893,582130,372,684 15,379,428 24,667,166 36,007,684 23,556,750 67,962,120 76 37 73 90 74 41 36 64 141 41 43 80 54 36 17 14 53 03 88 33 02 32 50 42 69 82 971,734 992,572 . 736,136 965,668 6,283,136 1,948,945 3,930,559 4,459,731 281,521 1,537,589 2,145,001 755,2ir 3,207,108 1,258,402 625,627 913,U6 1,482,533 7,888,715 1,384,182 2,408,205 4,842,096 674,702 1,082,159 1,579,672 1,033,445 2,981,527 3 33 63 21 97 25 84 58 81 20 82 90 54 40 Territoiies. Florida , . . . , Iowa >• • • • Wisconsin........ Naval s e r v i c e . . . . . 54,477 43,112 30,945 6,100 587,367 347,713 1,468,723 1,817,718 688,.308' 445,559 2,404,885 1,036,021 1,914,282 44 14 24 03 61 86 140,921 111,522 80,048 105,503 45,451 83,980 1 94 1 05 2 .71 hj O Pi H3 O w- 17,069,453 441,360,814 564,772,785 1,006,133,599 REMARKS. 58 96 44,139,506 44,139,506 2 58 68-100 fej'. 44,139,506 ^ T h e value of houses have been deducted from the manufactures. Persons engaged in the naval service have not been included in the calculation. T h e productions of w h e a t , sugar, and molasses have been deducted from the agricultural products, because t h e y have entered into t h e nianufactures iiiider the head of sugar and molasses, products of mills, and distilleries and breweries.^ fej No. 21. ' . ' . o o Oonnprticiit ..... Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . , - Geor2"ia Illinois Indiana. Iowa '.. Kentuckv Louisiana. • . . . Maine . . . . , . , . . 771,623 209,897 92,597 51,687 370,792 91,532 ' - 87,445 906,185 851,470 988,416 192,214 982,405 517,762 583,169 CM O 03 fl . > ~$6,483,214 $44,223,955 9,676,577 1,246,403 984,301 32,869,522 193,601 2,495,083 45,306,550 12,556,189 4,687,427 3,117,565 924,495 3,865,059 9,002,586 46,686,151 18,413,558 57,404,116 20,823,450 47,-498,467 8,810,997 3,779,982 27,089,019 52,477,680 18,686,476 15,210,299 25,185,850 16,282,347 $50,707,169 10,922,980 13,853,823 2,688,684 57',862,739 •7,804,992 4,789,554 55,688,737 75,817,674 68,321,917 12,590,979 79,566,699 33,896,775 41,468,197 $65 72 52 04 149 61 52 02 156' 05 85 27 54 77 61 45 89 04 69 12 65 51 80 99 65 47 71 11 $4,925-, 865 1,339,934 591,118 329,958 2,367,050 584,319 558,229 5,784,876 5,435,588 6,309,819 1,227,0.50 6,271,446 3,305,273 3,722,816 1 Allotment per capita of the paying imports, less the paying foreign -exports, as allotted to each State, based upon its productions. c3 - • Amount of paying imports, less the paying foreign exports, allotted to each State, based upon its productions. fl fl afl S Amount'paid per capita of the paying imports, less the foreign paying expcft'ts. c2 ci5 fl Amount of paying imports, less the foreign paying exports, to each State, based upon its population. o to GO r-1 Value of imports paying duty, less the value of foreign exports paying duty. , States. Allotment per capita of the manufacturing and agricultural products, per State and nation. "o Total value of agricultural and manufacturing productions. ra Value of agricultural pro• ducts. Statement ofi the population, mamfiactures, and agriculturcd productions ofi the United States and Territories; the. allotment per capita ofi thc manufiacturing and agricultural productions per State and nation; value ofi imports paying duty, less the value ofi fioreign p>aying exports; value ofi imports paying cluty, less the vcdue ofi fioreign paying exports^ to each Stctte^ based upon its popidation; amount p e r capita ofi the paying imports, less the fioreign paying exports; amount ofi pjaying importsy less the foreign paying exports, allotted to each State, based upon its productions; and allotment p)er capita ofi the paying imports, less the fioreign paying exports, as allotted to each Statephased upon its productions, fior thc year 1850. $3,730,285 .803,552 1 • 1,019,160 197,794 4,256,687 574,176 352,345 4,096,756 5,557.546 5,026,119 926,258 5,853,34.4. 2,493,625 3,050,618 1 $4 83 3 83 11 01 3 83 11 48 . 6 27 4 03 4 52 6 55 5 09 4 82 5 97 4 82 5 23 Pi fel O pi 1^ O fel a Cl fej Ul Maryland... . . c , Massachusetts . . . . Michigan , . . . . . . . . , Mississippi . . . . . . . . Missouri ..':• New Hampshire'.". Kew Jersey-..,. .1. New York . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . Ohio.^........... Pennsylvania...... Ilhode I s l a n d . . . , . .South Carolina ...' Tenriessee . . . . . ' ' . . ' Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . Verraont \ ... Virginia . . . . . . . ^ . Wisconsin . . . . . . . 583 ,034 994 ,514 397 ,654 606 526 682 044 317 976 489 ,555 ,097.,394 869 ,039 ,980 ,329 ,331',786. 147 ,545 668 ,507 ,002 ,.717' 212 ,592 314 ,3.20 ,421 ,661 305 ,391 32,593,635 16,296,193 151,407,059 14,277,595 11,516,989 17,329,385 '4,140,042 36,802,141 25,439,410 34,619,650 23,663,829 13,594,139 39,826,734 19,322,894 239,717,488 117,039,315 11,200,142 31,712,146 64,765,974 84,793,387 155,990,294 73,576,837 2,168,332 22,119,756 7,979,315 30,068,354 12,880,477 50,394,447 9,065,181 - 1,814,946 9,347,778 20,813,564 31,967,976 52,512,4.52 9,387,545 11,503,371 48,889,834. 165,684,654 28,846,374 40,942,183 60,059,060 37,267,968 • 59,149,628 356,736,603 42,912,288 149,559,.361 229,.567,131 24,288,088 38,047,469 63,274,924 10,880,127 30,161,342 84,480,428 20,890,916 ,721 954 348 747 ,538 531 871 92'2 354 ,011 029 ,885 125 ,206 ,773 ,047 ,547 ,744 ,641 ,963 ,757 ,907 941 893 ,267 ,594 ,401 ,113 ,357 ,138 ,005 ,269 ,075 555 ,949 ,546 3,596^593 12,188,633 2,122,091 3,011,922 4,418,260 2,740,892 4,353,357 26,243,417 3,156,853 11,002,372 16,888,163 •3,786,759 2,798,971 4,654,835 800,399 2,238,827 6,214,824 1,536,845 38,794 392,.902 84r,866 72,647 10,786 -74,6S1 228,419 47,401 86 78 148,051,575 148,051,575 6. 38 37-100 348,051,575 83 85 366 60 72 54 67 50 88 06 117 17 120 82 111 94 49 38 75'52 99 30 164 61 56 91 63 10 51 13 96 02 59 42 68 41 6 17 12 26 . 5 34 4 96 6 48 8 62 8 89 8 47 3 63 5 56 7 31 12 11 4 19 4 64 3 ,76 7 06 4 37 5 03 Pi fej hj O Pi H O Territories. Minnesota . . , New Mexico , Oregon .."....-, Utah........ 6,077 61,547 13,294 11,380 57,736 255,890 2,236,645 292,624 7g9,411 86B,340 351,710 146,622 1,015,301 3,104,985 644,334 23,191,876 1,055,595,899 9.56,924,640 2,012,520,539 24 13 36 50 233 56 56 62 1 1 17 4 77 21 18 17 fej a a fej Ul '^, • . • . REMARKS. :Hopg, fiax, flaxseed, wine, and silk cocoons, estimated at the Census Office at $3,293,314. jMaple sugar, cane sugar, and molasses included in the manufactures. , > i Milk and eggs, fodder, wood, addition of 3 per Qex}t. to live stock, poultry, and feathers, estiraated at $125,95.6,927, and notJneluded. No. 22, o Statement exMbiting the value ofi manufiactured articles ofi dcmestic produce exported to fioreign countries firom the 30th day ofi June, 184:5, to June 30, 1S55. Articles. Wax. Refined sugar. Chocolate Spirits from grain Spirits from molasses Spirits from other materials •... Molasses. .'.., Vinegar Beer, ale, porter, and'cider . . . . . . . . . Linseed oil and spirits of turpentine.. Lard oil.. Household furriiture Coaches and other carriages Hats Saddlery Tallow; candles and s o a p . . . . ' . . . . . . . , Snuff and tobacco ' Leather, boots, and.shoes Cordage , ,.^...., Gunpowder '. Salt Lead Iron-—pig, bar, and nails... .i castings all manufactures of.. Copper and brass, manufactures of... Medicinal drugs Co.tton piece-goods-— printed or colored uncolored ' , . . . . , . . . , 1846. $162. 790 392! 312| 17^ 73, 716| 268. 652 1 ,581 17 ,489 67 ,735! 159 i915 317 ,407 87 ,7121 74 ,7221 24 ,357 630 ,041 695 ,914 346 ,516 62 ,7751 140 879 30 520 614 5181 . 122 225 ,'107 ,905 921 652 62 ,088 200 ,505 1,229 538| 1,97a ,331 3847. $161,527' 124,824 1,653 67,781 293,609 1848. •1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. $134,577 $121,720 $118,055 $122,835 219,588 253,900 129,001 '285,056 3,255 2,260 1,941 2,207 36,084 48,314| 67,329 90,957| 289,622 269,467! 288,452! 268,290 $91,499 149,921 3,267 48,737 323,949 $113,602 375,780 10,230 141,173 329,381 16,830 • 16,915 57,-975 145,410 33,163 12,220 48,052| -152,837 17,582 20,443 64,677 362,9601 14,137 7,442 5,563 , 20,959 13,920! 14,036 11,182 9,526 51,320 52,251 78,071 68,114 148,056! 229,741 331,404 498,110 278,025 225,700 297;358| 237,342 95,722 .95,9231 89,963 75,369 64,967 55,493 68,671 59,536| 37,276 27,4351 20,8931 13,102 627,2801 664,963 670,223 606,798 613,044 648,832 568,435 658,950 151,774 193,598 243,8161 394,095 41,636. 51,357 29,911 27,0541 131,297 190,352 125,263 88,397 82,972 73,2741 75,103 42,333! 12,7971 • 84,2781 30,198 124,981 154,210 154,036 - 149,358 168,817 60,175 79,33.8 83,1881 68,889 1,022,408 886,639 1,.677,792 929,778 66,203 105,060 61,468 64,980 220,894 334,789 210,581 165,793! 353,5341 469,777 • 606,631 290,114 3,345;9021 4,866,559 33955,1171 3,774,407 362,830 430,182 714,5561 399,421 184,497 172,445 103,7681 80,453 91,261 30,100 47,937 48,229! 609,732 681,362 660,054 1,143,547 1,316,622| 1,671,5001 673,7081 458,838 • 428,708 103,216 52,054 62,903i 180,048 154,257| 121,580 119,729 61,424 89,336 5,540 32,725 "11,7741 181,9981 118,624! 215,652 220,420 164,425 191,388 1,875,621 1,993,8071 2,097,234 108,2051 91,873 103,039 351,5851 263,852! 327,073 1854. 1855. $87,140 $69,905 370,488 526,463 12,257 2,771 282,919 384,144 809,965 1,448,280 101,836 131,048 %^9,830 16,945 17,281 53,503 45,069 1,084,329 1,186,732 82,945 . 763,197 803,960 244,638| 290,525 176,404 177.914 53,331 64;886 891,566 1,111,349 1,551,471 1,500,113 896,555! 1,052,406 315,267 194,076 356,051 • 212,700 159,026! 156,879 14,298 26,874 288,437 308,127 459,775| 306,4.39 3,472,467 3,158,596 690,766 92,108 454,789 , 788,114 1,006,5611 926,404 1,086,167 1,147,786 2,613,653 5,571,5761 6,139,391 6,926,485| 4,130^1491 2,907,276 pi fej hj. O td O i^ w fej fej > o tj Ul 22,594 49,315 37,260 34,718 92,555 170,633 108,132 17,405 twist, yarn, and thread -. 81,813 733,6481 423,085 415,680 336,250 335,981 571,638 327,479 255,799 338,375 other manufactures of. 625,808 Hemp and flax— 2,924 24,456 l,647i 2,506 495 1,009 1,364 1,183 , 5,468 ^ 477 cloth and thread 55,263 13,860 34,002 6,3761 4,549 6,218 10,765 10,5931 8,154 5,305 bags, and all manufactures o f . . . . . . . '75,9451 207,632 1,211,894 45,140 250,2281 239,7331 234,3.881 223,801 574,834 47,301 Wearing apparel 34,525 53,685 32,119 30,632 . 23,0961 6,521 •15,644 18,310 8,512 4,758! Earthen and stone ware 37,6841 31,395 .32,049 27,334| 38,336 23,987 28,833 16,461 35,945| 17,026! Combs and buttons 9,501 6,612 10,856 8,257 2,924 '- 2,827 4,385 2,160 3,110 2,967i Brushes. ,. 3,204 4,916 701 1,673 .2,295 1,7981 1,^0" 1,5831 615' • 12| Billiard tables and apparatus 11,658! 8,441 5,800! 6,183 3,395! 12,260 8,340! 2,916 2,427 2,150 Umbrellas, parasols, and s u n s h a d e s . . . . . . . 1,409,107 Manufactures of India rubber ., 17,018 36,045 9,800 6,448 13,309 18,617 9,427 26,667 29,856 16,483 Leather and morocco (not sold per pound). 14,829 6,597 9,652 3,140 9,488 16,7841 548 9,802| 3,443 7,686 Fire-engines and apparatus 36,405 33,012 32,250 39,242 71,4011 28,031 47,781 43,792 17,431 30,403 Printing-presses and .types 106,857 52,397 326,128 23,713| 21,634 16,9971 55,700 67,7331 38,508 25,37 Musical ins'truments 207,218 142,604 187,335 .94,427 44,751 319,475 I53,912| 217,809 75,193 63,567 Books and maps . . . . ' . 185,637 192,339 86,827 88,731 99,696 155,664 119,535! 122,212 78,307 124,597 Paper and stationery 163,096 55,145 83,020 54,115 121,823 67,597 109,834 50,739 52,1821 85,369 Paints and varnish ., ....;... 204,679 101,419 71,155 170,563 229,476 136,682 76,007 90,860 185,4361 194,634 Manufactures of glass 14,279 13,143 6,363 30,750 13,590 12,353 22,9881 8,902 27,823 23,420 . Manufactures of tin 5,233 33,196 33,694 16,478 22,682 7,739 14,064 16,426 18,469 ^ Manufactures of pewter and lead.' 10,278 168,546 20,282 11,220 88,327 34,510 22,466| 47,628| 57,2401 14,234 41,449 Manufactures of marble and stone. Maiiufactures of gold and silver, and gold .9,051 20,332 68,639| leaf ; 3,660 11,873 1,311,513 .4,583| 4,502 6,241 4,2681 442,3831 806,119 Quicksilver , " 22,043 50,471 24,420 114,738 11,217 66,397 Artificial flowers and jewelry. 121.,013 8,557 3,126 45,283 35,203 23,673 30,613 . 27,1481 15,0.35 Trunks 12,207 5,270 10,3701 5,099 6,1261 57,393 33,3141 32,625 13,539 Bricks and lime...." '. 12,.5781 16,348 22,045 17,623| 8,671 24,174 Articles not enumerated 1,379,566 1,108,984 1,137,828 1,408,2781 3,869,073 3,793,341 2,877,659 3,788,700 4,972,084 4,014,432 Total Gold and silver coin. Pi fel >d O . W w fel \> fej fel Cl Ul 11,139,582 10,476,345 12,858,758 11,280,075 15,196,451 20,186,967 18,862,931 j22,599,930 26,849,411 28,833,299 ,62,620 2,700,412 956,874 2,046,6791 18,069,580 37,437,837 23,548,535 38,234,5661!53,957,418 423,851 11,563,433 10,538,965 15,559,170 12,236,949 17,243,130 38,256,547 156,300,768 46,148,465 65,083,977| 82,790,717 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office^ Octoher 26, 1855. . C. T. 30N1E>SJ Acting Register. O 104 REPORT ON THE FINANCES-. • No. 23. • Stcdem&iit exhibiting the vcdu'e ofi fioreign merchandise imported, re-exported, and consumed, annually, firom 1821 to 1855, inclusive; and also the estimated population and rate ofi consumption per capita during the same pieriod. fl Value of foreign merchandise. Population. Years €ndingImported. Pk,e-exp orted. Consumed and on hand. fl ri M O 1- $41,283,236 .9,960,974 $4 34 SeptemliJSr ^ . . . . . .1821 $62,585,724 $21,302,488 5 92 60,955,339 10,283,757 1822 83,241,541 '22,286,202 4 71 50,035,645 10,606,540 3823 • 77,579,267 27,543,622 5 05 55,211,850 10,929,323 1824 80,549,007 25,337,157 5 66 63,749,432 11,252,106 1825 96,340,075 32,.590,643 5 22 60,434,865 11,574,889 1826 84,974,477 24,539,612 1827 79,484,068 23,403,136 • 56,080,932 -11,897,672 . 4 71 5 47 66,914,807 12,220,455 1828 88,509,824 21,.595,017 4 61 57,834,049 12,543,238 1829 74,492,527 16,658,478 4 39 56,489,441 32,866,020 1830 70,876,920 14,387,479 6 25 83,157,598 13,286,364 1831 103,191,324 20,033,526 5 61 76,98,9,793 13,706,707 1832 101,029,266 24,039,473 6 2'5 88,295,576 14,127,050 1833 108,138,311 ' 19,822,735 7 09 103,208,521 14,547,393 1834 126,-521,332 23,312,811 8 64 129,391,247 1,4,967,736 3835 149,895,742 20,504,495 168,233,675 15,388,079 10 93 3836 189,980,035 21,746,360 7 53 119,334,255 15,808,422 1837 140,989,217 21,854,962 6 23 101,264,609 .16,228,765 1838 113,717,404 12,452,795 8 68 144,597,607 16,649,108 1839 162,092,132 17,494,525 5 21 88,951,207 17,069,453 1840 107,141,519 18,190,312 6 38 112,477,096 17,612,507 1841 127,946,177 15,469,081 4 87 88,440,549 18,155,561 1842 100,162,087 31,721,538 3 31 58,201,102 18,.698,615 9 mosv t€) Juiae 8© 1843 6,552,697 64,753,799 5 03 Yearto JmasSO.. .1844 108,435,035 31,484,867 • 96,950,168 39,241,670 5 15 101,907,734 19,784,725 1845 117,254,564 15,346,830 5 42 110,345,174 20,327,780 1846 121,693,797 31,346,623 6 60 338,534,480 20,780,835 1847 146,545,638 8,011,158 6 25 133,870,918 21,413,890 •1848 154,998,928 21,328,010 6 13 334,768,574: 21,956,945 1849 147,857,439 13,088,865 7 02 363,186,510 23,246,303 1850 178,138,318 14,951,808 8 02 194,526,639 24,250,000 1851 216,224,932 21,698,293 8 00 195,656,060 24,500,000 1852 212,945,442 37,289,382 250,420,187 25,000,000 10 00 1853 267,978,647 17,558,460 279;712,187 25,750,000 10 00 1854 304,562,381 ,24,850,194 8 79 233,020,227 26,500,000 1S55 261,468,520 28,448,293 4,632,273,216 668,041,927 3,964,231,-2S9 C, T'. JONES, Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT,, Registers Office, October 24, 1855, 105 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ; No. 24. Statement exhibiting the total value ofi imports, and the imports consumed in the United States, exclusive ofi specie, during each fiiscal year, firom 1821 to 1855 ; showing,, also^ the value ofifioreignand 'domestic exports, exclusive ofi specie; and thc tonnage emplpyed during the same periods. C3 ' t3 fl fl « <u • Foreign mercha dise exported, e elusive of speci B ^ fl "^ 6 ^ • 03 a" 1 ^ 1^ ^, 03 fl fl O ' ^ t >< .o M aJ Domestic produ exported, excl sive of specie. 03 Imports entered f consumption, e elusive of speci fl '^ 1821 $62,585,724 $43,696,405 1822 83,241,541 68,367,425 77,579,267 1823 51,308,936 1824 80,549,007 53,846,567 66,375,722 1825 ^ 96,340,075 84,974,477 57,652,577 1826 54,901,108 79,484,068 1827 1828 88,509,82,4 66,975,475 74,492,527 1829 54,741,571 1830 70.876,920 49,575,009 82,808,110 103,191,124 1831 1832 101,029,256 75,327,688 1833 108,118,311 83-,470,067 1834 86,973,147 126,521,332 149,895,742 1835 122,007,974 1836 158,811,392 189,980,035 , 1837 140,989,217 113,310,571 1838 113,717,404 86,552,598 1839 162,092,132 145,870,816 1840 • 107,141,519 86,250,335 1841 114,776,309 127,946,177 • 1842 100,362,087 • 87,996,318 37,294,129 *1843 - 64,753,799 96,390,548 1844 108,435,035 105,599,541 1845 117,254,564 1846' 121,691,797 110,048,859 1847 146,545,638 116,257,595 140,651,902 1848 • 154,998,928 1849 132,565,168 147,857,439 1850 178,138,318 164,032,033 1851 216,224,932 200,476,219 1852 212,945,442 195,072,695 1853 267,978,647 253,07r,358 1854 304,562,381 • 275,955,893 1855 261,468,520 ' 231,650,340 Total. 4,632,273,216 3,868,662,40a $43,671,894 $10,824,429 $64,974,382' 1,298,958 11,504,270 49,874,079 1,324,699 72,160,281 21,172,435 . 74,699,030 1,336,566 47,155,408 50,649,500 18,322,605 75,986,657 1,389,163 66,809,766 23,793,588 99,535,388 1,423,1:^ 52,499,8.55 20,440,934 77,595,322 1,534,191 1,620,608 16,431,830 57,878,117 82,324,827 -49,976,632 14,044,608 ' 72,264,686 1,741,392 12,34/7,344 72,358,67? 1,260,798 55,087,307 13,145,857 58,524,878 73,849,508' 1,191,776 1,267,847 13,077,069 59,218,583 81,310,583 1,439,450 19,794,074 61,726,529 87,176,943 1^606,151 69,950,856 15,577,876 90,140,433 1,758,907 80,623,662 21,636,553 104,336,973 14,756,321 •121,693,577 1,824,940 100,4.59,481 106,570,942 17,767,762 128,663,040 1,882,103 17,162,2.32 • 117',419,376 1,896,686 94,280,895 1,994,640 95,560,880 9,417,690 108,486,616 10,626,340 121,028,416 2,096,380 101,625,533 12,008,371 111,660,561 132,085,946 2,180,764 8.181,235 103,63^,236 123,851,803 2,130,744 91,799,242 8,078,753 . 104,691,534 2,092,391 77,686,354 5,139,335 84,346,(180 2,158,603 99,533,774 6,234,058 111,206,046 2,280,095 98,455,330 7,584,781 114,646,606 2,417,002 101,718,042 7,865,206 113,488,516 2,562,085 150,574,844 6,166,754 158,648,622 2,839,046 7;986,802 1.30,203,709 154,032,131 3,154,042 331,710,081 8,641,691 145,755,820 3,334,0.15 151,898,720 3,535,454 9,475,493 134,900,233 10,295,121 218,388,011 3,772,439 178,620,138 209,641,625 ^,138,441 354,931,147 12,037,043 189,869,162 13,096,213 230,4.52,2.50 4,407,010 21,648,304 ,278,241,064 4,802,903 215,156,304 26a58,368 192,751,135 275,156,846 5,212,001 3,465,349,089 472,421,145 4,330,536,729 80,905,402 * Nine months, ending June 30, 3843., : TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office,'Octoher 24,. 1855. C. T. JONES, .Acting R egister. / ' No. 25. o Statement exhibiting a summary view ofi the exports ofi domestic produce, &c., ofi thc United States during the years ending, on thc 30th June, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854 and 1855. Product of— Raw produce. Specie and bul- Total value. lion. Years. . The sea. The forest.^ Agriculture. Tobacco. Cotton. Manufactures. Pi fej 1847... 1848 1849 1850. 1851.; 1852 1853 1854. 1855.......... $3,468,033 1,980,963 2,547,654 2,824,818 3,294,691 2,282,342 3,279,413 3,064,069 3,516,894- $5,996,073 7,059,084 5,917,994 7,442,503 7,847,022 7,864,220 7,915,259 11,761,185 12,603,837 $68,450,383 37,781,446 38,858,204 . 26,547,158 24,369,210 26,378,872 33,463,573 67,104,592 42,567,476 • $7,242,086 7,551,122 5,804,207 9,951,023 9,219,251 10,031,283 11,319,319 10,016,046 14,712,468 $53,415,848 61,998,294 66,396,967 71,984,616 112,315,317 87,965,732 109,456,404 93,596,220 88,143,844 $10,351,364 12,774,480 11,249,877 15,196,451 20,136,96" 18,862,931 22,599,930 26,849,411 28,833,299 $2,102,838 1,058,320 935,178 953,664 1,437,893 1,545,767 1,835,264 2,764,781 2,373,317 $62,620 2,700,412 956,874 2,045,679 18,069,580 37,437,837 23,548,535 38,234,566 53,957,418 $150,637,464 132,904,121 132,666,955 136,946,912 196,489,718 3.92,368,984 213,417,697 253,390,870 246,708,553 ^ O pi O fej Hi W fej fel l-H fej C. T . J O N E S , .Beting Register. TREASURY D E P A R T M E N T , .iicg-isfer^s Office, 0etch&r 2 4 , 1855. > fej o fej No. 26. Statement exhibiting the value of certain, articles imported during the years ending June 30^ 1844, 1845, 1846^ 1847, 1848^ 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853,, 1854, and 1855, (afiter deducting the re-exportations.^) and the amount ofi duty which accrued on each during the same periods, respectively. „ " 1844. 1845. 1847. 1846. 1849. 1848. Articles. . Value. Woollens Cottons Hempen goods . . . . Iron, and manufactures- of Sugar Hemp, unmanufac-. tured.... • Salt Coal Total. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. $9,408,279 13,313,495 $10,504,423 $3,731,014 $9,935,925 $3,480,797 $10,639,473 $3,192,293 $35,061,102 $4,196,007 $13,503,202 $3,723,768 13,236,830 4,850,731 13,360,7291 4,908,272 12,857,422 4,865,4831 14,704,186 3,956,798 17,205,417 4,166,573 15,183,759! 3,769,565 92,067 460,335! 606,9001 . 121,380| 213,8621 198,642 . 865,427 625,871 801,661 121,-588 138,394 696,8881 2,395,760 6,897,245 • 261,933 892,112 203,683 1,607,113 4,075,1421 2,415,003 3,660,581 1,629,581 8,710,1801 2,717,378 7,060,470 2,138,141 9,262,567 4,597,093 4,049,708 2,555,075 4,397,2391 2,713,8661 9,406,253 . 3,160,444 8,775,223! 2,632,567 7,275,780 101,338 • 654,881 133,8451 140,372 883,359 187,962 55,122 678,069 130,221 180,221 748,566 336,691 62,282 509,244 254,149 65,22o| 878,871 330,875| 19,452 228,892 162,008 180,335 1,027,656 426,997 54,100| •• 478,232 205,531 1,424,529 382,2541 128,099 2,778;770 2,182,734 fel. O o 1-3 w fel. 143,470 284,906 114,676 34,161,247 15,472,358 34,003,256 14,671,413 32,813,533 13,653,796 45,360,929 13,558,853 50,344,100 13,622,398 47,970,658 13,089,956 Ul o No. 26—Continued. . 1852. 1851. 1850. O CX) 185^. 1854. 1855. Articles. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. liVoollens . . . . . . . . . $16,900,916 $4,682,457 $19 239.930 $5,331,600 $17,348,184 $4,769,083 $27,051,934 $7,459,794 $31,119,654 $8,629,180 $22.^076,448 $6,088,157 Cottons . . • • • • . . . . . 19,681,612 4,896,278 21,486,502 5,348,695 18,716,741 4,895,327 26,412,243 6,599,338 32,477,106 8,153,992 15,742,923 3,823,294 86,721 68,755 433,604 - 98,015 ~ 615,239 123,048 490,077 343,777 59,824 H e m p e n goods . . . . 11,631 239,593 47,919 I r o n , and manufactures o f . . . . . . . . . 10,864,680 3,259,404 10,780,312 3,234„094 18,843,569 5,632,484 26,993,082 • 8,074,017 28,288,241 8,486,472 23,945,274 7,163,602 Sufifar . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,950,716 2,085,215 13,478,709 4,043,613 13,977,393 4,193,218 14,168,337 4,250,501 11,604,656 3,481,397 13,284,663 3,985,399 H e m p , unmanufac326,812 172,435 164,211 98,044 49,263 335,632 574,783 212,811 63,843 100,689 tured . . . . . . . . . . . 55,458 16,637 245,504 1,025,300 220,420 1,041,.577 . 208,315 1,290,975 1,227,518 205,060 1,102,101 258,195 1,692,587 338,517 Salt 121,695 405,652 488,491 146,547 361,855 108,557 478,095 143,429 585,926 893,825 268,147 175,777 Coal Total.. Pi fej hj o H^ O 1-3 57,052,157 15,547,865 67,316,898 18,493,332 70,901,628 •19,950,245 96,916,080 26,923,277 105,762 014 29.2C)7..^q.q 77,930,771 21,733,672 C. T . J O N E S , .Beting Register. TREASURY D E P A R T M E I I T , Register's Office, Octoher 24, 18^5. > fej a fej - . . No. 27. , . . , Statement-exhibiting thevalue of foreign merchandise and doniestic produce, &c., exported annually from 1821 to 1855. Value of exports exclusive of specie. Years ending— '^ «5«i»r»fpmhpr ^0 ^ 1823 1822 , ....... 1823 1824 ..;..... 1825 3826 , 1827 ;. 1828 • 1829 1830 1831.. 1832 1833 „ 1834 1835..... 1836.. 1837 1838..-; ,... 1839. 1840 • ". 1841 1842 ' 9 monthsto June 30, 1843 Year to June 3 0 . . . . , .1844 1845 Specie and bullion. Foreign merchandise. D.omestic produce. Free of duty. $286,698 .374,716 1,323,762 1,100,530 1,088,785 1,036,430 833,844 877,239 919,943 1,078,695 642,586. 1,345,217 5,165,907 10,757,033. 7,012,666 8,534,895 7,756,189 ' 4,951,306 5,618,442 6,202,562 3,953,054 3,194,299 1,682,763 2,251,550 2,413,050, Paying duty. $10,537,731 11,101,306 19,846,873 17,222,075 22,704,803 19,404,504 15,417,986 13,167,339 11,427,401 12,067,162 " 12,434,483 .18,448,857 12,411,969 10,879,520 7,743,655 9,232,867 9,406,043 4,466,384 5,007,698 5,805,809 4,228,181 - 4,884,454 3,456,-572 3,962,508 5,171,731 Aggregate value of exports. ' . Total. • $10,824,429 , 11,476,022 21,170,635 18,322,605 23,793,588 20,440,934 16,231,830 14,044,578 12,347,344 13,145,857 13,077,069 19,794,074 17,577,876 21,636,553 14,756,321 17,767,762 17,162,2,32 9,437,690 10,626,140 12,008,373 8,383,235. 8,078,7.53 5,139,.335 6,214,058 . 7,584,781 $43,671,894 49,874,079 47,155,408 ' 50,649,500 06,809,766 52,449,855 57,878,137 49,976,632 55,087,307 • 58,524,878 59,238,583 61,726,529 69,950,85680,623,662 . 100,459,481 106,570,942 94,280,895 95,560,880 101,625,533 111,660.561 103,636,236 91,799,242 77,686,354 99,531,774 98,455,330 $54,496,323 61,350,101 68,366,043 68,972,105 90,603,354 72,890,789 74,109,947 64,021,210 67,434,651 -71,670,735 72,295,652 81,520,603 87,528,732 302,260.215 115,215,802 324,338,704 111,443,127 104,978,570 112,251,673 123,668,932 • 111,817,471 99,877,995 82,825,689 105,745,832 106,040,111 pi fel hj O Pi H^ $10,478,059 10,810,180 6,372,987 7,014,552 8,932,034 4,704,.533 8,014,880 8,243,476 4,924,020 •2,178,773 9,014,931 5,656,340 2,611,701 . 2,076,758 6,477,775 4,324,336 5,976,249 , 3,508,046 8,776,743 '8,417,014 10.034 .332 4,813,5.39 1,520,791 5,454,214 8,606,495 O feS o fel Ul QD. No. '21—Continuedo •O . Value of exports exclusive of specie. Foreign merchandise. Years endingFree of duty. Year to June 30. Paying duty. Domestic produce. Aggregate value of exports. Specie and bullion. Total. .1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 18.52 1853..:.. 1854 1855 $2,342,629 1,812,847 1,410;307 2,015,815 2,099,132 1,742,154 2,538,159" 1,894,046 3,210,907 6,516,550 $5,522,577 4,353,907 6,576,499 6,625,276 7,376,361 8,5.52,967 9,498,884 11,202,167 18,437,397 19,641,818 $7,865,206 6.166,754 7,986,806 8,641,091 9,475,493 10,295,121 12,037,043 13,096,213 21,648,304 26,158,368 $101,718,042 150,574,844 130,203,709 131,710,081 134,900,233 178,620,138 154,931,147 189,869,162 "215,156,304 192,751,135 $109,583,248 156,741,598 138,190,515 340,353,372 144,375,726 188,915,259 166,968,390 202,965,375 236,804,608 .218,909,503 $3,905,268 1,907,024 15,841,616 5,404,648 7,522,994 29,472,752 42,674,135 27,486,875 41,436,456 56,247,343 Total 105,964,707 368,225,764 474,190,471 3,465,299,089 3,939,489,560 390,841,869 I ,C. T. JONES, .Beting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. ^; O Pi J-3 O fej •fel a V' Ill IIEPORT. ON THE FINANCES. No. 28.Statement exhibiting the quantity ofi winey spirits, &c.j imported annually, firom 18i3 to 1855, inclusive. No. 1.—WINE IN CASKS. Madeira. ^Sherry. Sicily. Period of importation. Gallons. 9 mos. ending June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30, 1844 i)o ...1845 Do 1846 5 mos. ending Nov. 30, 1846 7 mos. ending June 30, 1847 Year ending June 30, 1848 Do 1849 Do....... 1850 Do 1851 Do..... 18.52 Do 1853 Do ..1854 Do........ 1855 Value. 3,949 16,754 101,176 169,797 117,117 13,806 44,634 193,971 303,125 163,941 216,683 226,403 120,391 71,912 $9,075 30,575 145,237 122,895 128,613 5,717 21,630 105,302 150,096 116,008 303,917 105,628 54,270 46,445 Gallons. Value. '4,685 $6,491 1/8,665 23,418 23,616 38,289 26,538 41,761 14,543 26,194 77,521 56,061 215,935 109,983 170,794 128,510 212,092 118,9.52 250,277 • 154,668 168,610 97,680 313,048 - 155,819 415,298 244,028 383,398 208,414 Gallons. Value. 14,579 - $6,617 31,180 i5,ooa 110,590 46,033 209,131 74,000 8,933 21,281 92,631 24,230 67,364 190,294 330,851 32,231 91,123 24,933 301,030 98,975 91,746 22,563 190,205 45,794 68,870 23,191 197,700 65,359 No. 2.—WINE IN CASKS. Port. Claret. Period of importation. Other red wine. • Gallons. Value. Gallons. $25,714 1.56,878 162,358 148,895 62,851 3,791 170,134 272,700 305,454 349,849 240,238 268,005 177,935 97,987 873,895 $134,.598 ' 993,198 218,239 1,051,862 249,633 951,351 249,703 294,4.33 111,453 591,656 119,844 1,227,071 221,416 1,912,701 263,836 1,919,766 -267,445 1,940,121 280,333 2,702,612 405,380 2,6.33,802 482,827 2,045,474 497,005 1,371,400 440,631 Value. Gallons. • 9 mos. ending June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30, 1844 Do 1845 Do 1846 5 mos. ending Nov. 30, 1846 7 mos. ending June 30, 1847 Year ending June 30, 1848 Do .1849 Dol 1850 Do 1851 Do..... 1852 Do. .1853 Do . : 38.54 Do .....1855 Value. Jt 38,593 223,615 260,593 372,.528 . 80,991 8,Ct75 501,123 711,268 626,211 762,967 614,816 662,79] 393,197 186,460 340,387 495,5.58 954,646 1,072,589 539,454 781,073 994,458 1,469,256 1,245,201 1,172,316 1,374,416 1,854,885 1,519,505 $60,096 143,210 316,821 328,814 119,411 180,928 221,177 265,988 236,727 229,350 377,482 450,195 459,985 112 KEPORT ON THB FINANCES. No. 28—Continued,. • No. 3.—WINE, BRANDY, GRAIN SPIRITS. Other white wine. Brandy. Grain spirits. Period of importation. Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value. Gallons. $28,205 75,090 211,183 310,241 296,736 •69,831 193,358 210,139 215,353 209,847 195,870 305,287 380,204 322,257 191,832 782,510 1,081,314 963,147 331,108 623,309 1,370,111 2,964,091 4,145,802 3,163,783 2,751,810 3,854,956 2,152,366 1,024,497 $106,267 606,633 819,450 839,231 355,451 575,631 1,135,089 1,347,514 2,659,5,37 2,128,679 1,792,729 3,251,408 2,255,344 1,479,362 259,129 $121,547 416,918 171,015 . 606,311 262,543 677,785 345,352 136,323 86,073 327,635 143,549 676,683 327,493 796,276 327,957 751,183 361,078 •984,417 364,204 865,301 294,386 1,060,456 424,638 1,197,234 564,569 1,190,642 575,560 Value. • 9 mos. ending June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30, 1844 Do 1845 Do...........1846 5 mos. ending Nov. 30, 1846 7 mos. ending June 30, 1847 Year .ending June 30, 1848 Do.....: 1849 Do 1850 Do..... 1851 Do 1852 Do 1853 Do ..,.1854 Do.... 1855 123,832 268,414 591,7.35 705,808 618,267 278,482 840,687 973^,895 .1,088,801 1,085,374 935,379 1,275,290 1,379,888 939,354 No. 4.—OTHER SPIRITS, BEER, ALE, AND PORTER. Other spirits. Beer, ale, and porter, Beer, ale, and porter, from Scotland. from England. Period of importation. Gallons. 9 mos. ending June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30, 1844 Do.^ 1845 Do..... 1846 5 mos. ending Nov. 30, 1846 7 mos. ending June 30, 1847 Year ending June 30, 1848 Do ......1849 . Do 1850 Do...... 1851 Do 18.52 Do 18.53 Do 1854 Do 1855 135,399 210,477 270,484 221,344 65,477 160,747 228,671 542,492 339,169 309,214 3.59,677 336,477 ,399,583 397,572 Value. $32,095 78,027 78,957 81,713 28,862 57,806 75,943 345,784 313,779 300,850 98,940 106,501 128,308 151,378 Gallons. 62,612 107,489 ^ • 79,302 117,621 46,146 132,157 130,008 146;473 156,735 275,336 262,838 397,420 825,571 919,2.52 Value. Gallons. Value. $57,098 7,423 $6,335 102,157 19,236 18,343 73,729 26,711 21,294 110,397 . 38,464 39,831 42,987 2,151 1,895 67,305 8,657 35,375 101,171 39,282 21,533 118,233 52,297 30,088 129,957 52,856 41,790 189,010 88,179 56,736 186,964 110,752 67,804 284,347 - 131,357 ' 77,414 424,875 270,064 128,667 559,900 345,016 188,457 C. T. ^ON'E^,. .Beting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT Register's Office, Ocfo&er 24, .1855. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 113 No. 29. Statement exhibiting the value of imports, annually, from 1821 to 1855. Value of merchandise imported. Years eneling— Specie and bulhon. September... .30, 1821 3822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 3829 3830 1831 1832 18.33 1834 1835 3836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 Om'thsto June30,1843 Year to June 30,1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 " 1852 1853 1854 1855 $8,064,890 3,369,846 5,097,896 8,379,835 6,150,765 6,880,966 8,151,130 7,489,741 7,4C3,612 8,355,964 7,305,945 5,907,504 7,070,368 17,911,632 13,131,447 13,400,881 30,516,414 17,747,116 5,.595,176 8,882,813 4,988,633 4,087,016 22,390,559 5,830,429 4,070,242 3,777,732 24,121,289 6,360,224 6,651,240 4,628,792 5,453,592 5,505,044 4,201,382 6,958,184 3,659,812 289,298,111 Total... Free of duty. paying duty. $2,017,423 3,928,862 3,950,392 4,183,938 4,796,745 5,686,803 3,703,974 4,889,435 4,401,889 4,590,281 6,150,680 8,341,949 25,377,582 50,481,548 64,809,046 78,655,600 58,733,617 43,112,889 70,806,616 48,313,391 61,031,098 26,540,470 13,184,025 18;936,452 18,077,598 20,990,007 17,651,347 16,356,.379 15,726,425 18,081,590 19,652,995 24,187,890 27,382,352 26,327,637 36,430,524 $52,503,431 75,942,833 68,530,979 67,985,234 85,392,565 72,406,708 67,628,964 76,130,648 62,687,026 58,130,675 89,734,499 86,779,813 75,670,361 58,128,1.52 71,955,249 97,923,554 73,739,386 52,857,.399 85,690,.340 49,945,315 61,926,446 69,534,601 29,179,215 • 83,668,154 95,106,724 96,924,058 104,773,002 1.32,282,325 125,479,774 155,427,936 191,118,345 183,252,508 236,595,113 271,276,560 221,378,184 857,289,249 3,485,685,856 Total. $62,585,724 83,241,541 77,579,267 80,549,007 • 96,340,075 .. 84,974,477 79,484,068 88,509,824 74,492,527 70,876,920 103,191,124 101,029,266 108,118,311 126,521,332 149,895,742 189,980,035 140,989,217 113,717,404 162,092,132 107,141,519 127,946,177 100,162,087 64,753,799 108,435,035 117,254,564 121,691,797 146,545,638 154,998,928 147,857,439 178,1.38,318 216,224,932 212,945,442 267,978,647 394,562,381 261,468,520 4,632,273,216 C. T. JONES, Acting Register. TREASUR-T DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. 8 114 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 30. Statement exhihiting the value ofi dutiable merchandise re-exported annually, firom 1821 to 1855; inclusive; and showing, also, the vcdue reexported firom warehousesy under the act ofi August 6^ 1846. Years. 1821.. 1822., 1823.. 1824., 1825., •':826 ., 1827 . 1828., 1829 . 1830. 1831 . 1832. 1833.. 1834 . 1835. 1836. 1837 . 1838.. 1839. 1840. 1841. 3842 . 1843 . 1844. 3845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852 , 1853. 1854. •1855. Total , Dutiable valueof Value re-exportmerchandise re- ed from wareexported. houses. $10,537,731 11,101,306 19,846,873 17,222,075 22,704,803 19,404,504 15,617,986 13,167 ,.339 11,427,401 12,067,162 12,434,483 18,448,857 12,411,969 10,879,520 7,743,655 9,232,867 9,406,043 4,466,384 5,007,698 5,805,809 4,228,181 4,884,454 3,456,572 3,962,508 5,171,731 5,522,577 4,353,907 6,576,499 6,625,276 7,376,361 8,552,967 9,514,925 11,170,581 18,437,397 19,641,818 $651,170 2,869,941 3,692,363 5,261,291 5,604,453 6,855,770 8,036,551 14,608,712 13,975,759 368,410,219 61,556,010 C T. JONES, ActiTig Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 115 No. 31. Statement exhibiting thc aggregate value ofi breadstufi's ancl provisions exported annually^ firom 1821 to 1855. Years endingSeptember 30 1821., 1822.. 1823.. 1824.. 1825.. 1826.. 1827.. 1828.. 1829.. 1830.. 1831.. 1832., 1833., 1834., 1835., 1836., 1837. 1838. 1839. 3840. 1841. 1842. Nine months ending June 30, 1843 Year ending June 30 , 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847, 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. Amount. $32,341,901 13,886,856 33,767,847 15,059,484 11,634,449 31,303,496 11,685,556 11,461,144 13,131,858 12,075,430 17,538,227 12,424,703 14,209,128 11,524,024 12,009,399 10,614,130 9,588,359 9,636,650 14,147,779 19,067,535 17,196,102 16,902,876 11,204,123 17,970,335 16,743,421 27,701,121 68,701,921 37,472,751 38,155,507 26,051,373 21,948,651 25,857,027 32,985,.322 65,941,-323 38,895,348 720,834,956 C. T. JONES, .Beting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. 116 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 32. Statement exhibiting the quantity and value ofi cotton exported annually, firom 1821 to 1855, inclusive, and the average price per pound. Value. Years. Bales. Sea Island. Other. Total. Pounds. 1821., 1822.. 1823.. 1824.. 1825.. 1826.. 1827.. 1828., 1829.. 1830., 1831., 1832., 1833. 3834. 1835. 1836. 1837. 1838., 3839. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 18.52. 1853. 1854. 1855. Total Dollars. 2,303,403 11,344,066 113,549,.339 11,250,635 133,424,460 361,586,582 12,136,688 132,843,941 9,525,722 166,784,629 9,665,278 198,562,563 5,972,852 279,169,317 35,140,798 199,302,044 11,288,419 252,003,879 12,833,.307 290,311,937 8,147,165 268,668,022 8,311,762 333,451,749 8,743,373 313,535,617 11,142,987 376,601,970 8,085,937 379,686,256 7,752,736 415,721,710 7,849,597 438,964,566 5,286,971 588,615,957 7,286,340 408,566,808 5,107,404 73.5,161,392 8,779,669 523,966,676 6,237,424 577,462,918 7,254,099 784,782,027 7,515,079 657,534,379 6,099,076 863,516,371 9,380,625 538,169,522 9,388,533 520,925,985 6,293,973 806,550,283 7,724,148 11,969,259 1,014,633,010 627,145,141 8,236,463 918,937,433 8,299,656 11,738,075. 1,081,492,564 13,165,165 1,100,405,205 977,346,683 10,486,423 995,366,011 13,058,590 124,893,405 144,675,095 173,723,270 142,369,663 176,449,907 204,535,415 294,310,115 210,590,463 264,837,186 298,459,102 276,979,784 322,215,122 324,698,604 ,384,717,907 387,358,992 423,631,307 444,211,537 595,9.52,297 413,624,212 743,941,061 530,204,100 584,717,017 792,297,106 663,633,455 872,905,996 547,558,055 527,219,9.58 814,274,431 1,026,602,269 635,381,604 927,237,089 1,093,2.30,639 1,111,570,370 987,833,106 1,008,424,601 20,157,484' 24,035,058 20,445,520 21,947,401 36,846,649 25,025,214 29,359,545 22,487,229 26,575,311 29,674,883 25,289,492 31,724,682 36,191,105 49,448,402 64,961„302 71,284,925 63,240,102 61,5.56,811 61,238,982 63,870,307 54,330,341 47,593,464 49,119,806 54,063,.501 51,739,643 42,767,341 53,415,848 61,998,294 66,396,967 71,984,616 132,.315,317 87,965,732 109,456,404 93„596,220 88,143,844 2,303,403 320,507,294 18,154,756,946 18,475,264,240 1,830,247,742 Cents 16.2 16.6 11.8 15.4 20.9 12.2 10 10.7 10 9.9 9.1 9.8 11.1 12.8 36.8 36.8 14.2 10.3 34.8 8.5 10.2 8.1 6.2 8.1 5.92 7.83 10..34 7.61 6.4 11.3 12.11 8.05 9.85 9.47 8.74 C. T. JONES, Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. 117 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 33. Statement' exhibiting the quantity and vcduc ofi tobacco and rice exported annually, firom 1821 to 1855^ inclusive. TOBACCO. RICE. Tears. Bales. Cases. Hogsheads 1821 1822 1,99^ 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 18^9 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 ...... 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 ...... 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 3850 1851 1852 1853 1854^ 1855 12,933 13,366 Total. 12,913 13,366 66,858 83,169 99,009 77,883 75,984 64,098 100,025 96,278 77,131 83,810 86,718 106,806 83,153 87,979 94,353 109,042 100,232 100,593 78,995 119,484 147,828 158,710 94,454 163,042 147,168 147,998 135,762 130,665 101,521 145,729 95,945 137,097 159,853 126,107 150,213 Value. Av'ge cost pr Bar'Is. Tierces. hhd. Value. Av'ge cost per tierce. $5,648,962 $84 49 88,221 $1,494,307 6,222,838 74 82 87,089 1,553,482 6,282,672 63 45 101,365 1,820,985 4,855,566 62 34 113,229 1,882,982 6,115,623 80 48 97,035 1,925,245 -5,347,208 83 42 111,063 1,917,445 6,577,123 65 75 133,538 2,343,908 5,269,960 54 73 175,019 2,620,696 4,982,974 64. 60 132,923 2,514,370 5,586,365 66 66 130,697 1,986,824 4,892,.388 56 41 316,517 2,016,267 5,999,769 56 37 120,327 2,352,631 5,755,968 69 20 144,163 2,744,418 6,595,305 74 96 121,886 2,122,272 8,250,577 87 44 119,851 2,210,331 10,058,640 92 24 232,983 2,548,750 5,795,647 57 82 106,084 2,309,279 7;392,029 73 48 71,048 1,721,819 9,832,943 124 47 93,320 2,460,198 9,883,957 82 72 101,660 1,942,076 12,576,703 85 07 101,617 2,010,107 9,540,755 60 31 114,617 1,907,387 4,650,979 49 24 - 106,766 1,625,726 8,397,2.55 51 50 134,715 2,182,468 7,469,819 50 75 118,621 2,160,456 8,478,270 57 28 124,007 2,564,991 7,242,086 53 34 144,427 3,605,896 7,551,322 57 78 100,403 2,331,824 5,804,207 57 17 128,861 2,569,362 9,951,023 68 28 127,069 2,631,557 9,219,251 96 09 [105,590 • 2,170,927 10,031,283 73 17 119,733 2,470,029 13,339,319 70 81 67,707 1,657,6.58 10,016,046 79 42 105,121 2,6.34,127 14,712,468 52,520 1,717,953 19',774 3,833,692 263,307,100 19,774 $16 94 17 84 17 96 16 63 19 84 17 26 17 55 14 97 18 92 15 20 17 30 17 89 19 04 17 41 19 94 11 97 21 76 24 23 26 36 39 10 19 78 1€ 64 15 23 16 20 16 21 20 24 23 19 20 20 20 24 25 68 97 23 94 71 56 63 48 05 4,020,752 76,528,753 C. T. JONES, Acting Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Octoher 24, 1855. 118 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 34.—Statement exhihiting thc values ofi iron and manufiactures ofi ivool, manufiactures ofi cotton, silk, manufiactures ofi silk, flax untures ofi hemp, and manilla hemp unmanufiactured, the productions 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 184.1, 1848, 1849, 1850, the exports ofi domestic productions ofi like character fior the same 1840. 1841. 1842. Articles. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Domesiic. Foreign. $1,104 7', 078 $124 7,199 395 40 $632 9,223 9 43 175 108 159 Domestic. Iron, and manufactures of iron, and iron aad steel: l)atchet!= axes, and adzes socket-cliisels vices '. spades and shovels steelyards and scale-beams Kfiuares of iron and steel cutlery other manufactures of. rifles 60,866 23,324 377 1,584 $841,394 104 casiinf^s, vessels of castings, all other. round iron, or brazier's rods fheet-iron hoop-iron casement rods, (band and scroll,) slit, rolled, or hammered iron for ships, &c mill-saws &.c anchors, and parts thereof hammers and sledges i hollow ware anvils and parts thereof 8,022 54,810 29.589 217 1,069 $806,823 115,644 905 $920,561 6,498 57 114 144 260 6,841 83,047 15,185 99,904 824 68,507 1,371 1,652 3,336 606 159 91 600 203 1 188 tacks, brads, and sprigs wire, above No. 14 wood-screws boiler plate 26,603 17,544 800 1,688 18,800 14,107 33,961 24,848 18,447 2,157 147,397 i)ar-iron, rolled bar-iron, otherwise nail or spike rods, slit, hannuered, or rolled bar iron rail road-iron Steel cast, shear, or German a'l other Wool unmanufactured .... manufactures of. merino shawl.'' of wool blankets hosiery, gloves, mits, and b i n d i n g s . . . other manufactures of worsted stuff" goods flannels carpeting baizes and bockings woolen and worsted articles, tambored or embroidered Cotton, manufactures of— dyed, printed, or colored white 138,537 900 5,315 20,230 31,345 26,246 44,226 90,865 266,571 36,048 28,098 7,368 9,098 4,268 54,134 12, .554 260 121,807 4,602 10,943 1,320 2,781 78,904 3,353 6,111 236 1,241 114 48,846 2,709 3,609 838,553 398,977 183,468 2,925,257 450,503 574,503 127,228 2,324,839 17,741 11,525 1,095 120,454 502,072 385,040 110,069 2,297,964 119 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. iron, and iron and steel, steel, wool unmanufactured, manufactures ofi manufiactured, manufactures of flax, hemp unmanufactured, manufiacofi fioreign countries, exported firom the United States during the years 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, and 1855, with.a column annexed showing periods. 1843. 1844. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. $112 2,711 924 $1,472 1,116 495 4 1845. Domestic. Foreign. 1846. 1847. Domestic. Foreign! Domestic. $362 3,347 982 $172 3', 380 668 97 369 •107 Foreign. Domestic. $162 2,279 277 ,20,448 8,922 $370,581 $528,212 1,657 126. 715 63 708 183 436 227 491 49,138 27,263 402 41,189 769 152 37 115 132 54,598 1,592 549 40,936 20,631 106 1,042 240 97 319 $649,100 375 93 317 118,248 33,328 14,373 742 92 $ 9 2 1 , . u2 1,871 145 2,858 13,681 5,072 $929,778 4,829 315 979 124 150 1,596 1,153 '473 2,611 107,905 10 305 68,889 125 1,530 2,656 2,439 1,584 35 343 417 20 18 97 102 160 8 5 22 570 7,986 4.473 120,923 1,553 14,283 8,517 133,522 15,415 59.7,33 34.651 24,979 108 977 3,118 23,311 9,504 251.808 358,415 33,998 2,575,049 27.238 3; 486 5,863 938 2,005 857 20,479 5,068 1,549 278,434 385,403 90,381 2,298,800 2,054 8,678 9,639 77,669 12,521 34,047 13,497 122,225 281 1,624 5,115 • 7,952 9,186 3,346 20,052 32,564 22,153 41,571 31,812 11,326 4,352 2,455 4,915 57,585 4,069 13,803 357 5,491 165,668 28,338 2,604 97,410 3,747 629 59,039 7,058 137 355 111,868 2,343 377 281,775 516,243 162,599 2,343,104 168,817 19,218 203,996 290,282 380,549 357,047 1,978,331 37,302 89,460 4,696 372,877 83,715 281,320 3,345;902 120 EEPORT ON THB FINANCES. STATEMENT— 1840. 1842. 1841. Articles. Foreign. Cotton, manufactures of— hosiery, gloves, mits, and bindings., twist yarn and thread other manufactures of. velvets articles tambored or embroidered. Sflk, raw t Domestic. Foreign. $13,632 $15,943 63,030 * $31*,*445' 198,996 5,630 1,200 4,404 9,176 192,728 7,982 200,239 Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. $43,5U3 $4,429 208,193 $37,325 303,701 12,129 250,361 420 227,113 1 piece goods. liosiery, gloves, mits, and b i n d m g s . . . . sewin" bolting cloth articles tambored or embroidered 649,323 2,775 41,609 318,775 3,050 127,690 624 10,531 214,797 2,622 175,215 384 8,518 81,042 15,812 777 275,579 4,880 209,009 769 398 50 533 '15,287 100,233 21,920 86,029 hats and bonnets of Flax, unmanufactured manufactures of. linen, bleached or unbleached, dyed or other manufactures oi hosierv, gloves, mits, &c articles tambored or embroidered H e m p , unmanufactured .... manilla, unmanufactured manufactures of ticklenburgs, osnaburgs, and burlaps sheetinn', brown and white sail duck, (Russia, Holland, and ra- 424,354 1,112 22,833 139,366 62,383 cotton bagging other manufactures of Total 1,765 ' 51,620 44,734* 8,242 7,252 13,400 3,297 1,038 3,605,794 4,662,304 2,351,464 4,181,210 1,908,639 4,081,250 121 REPORT ON THE-FINANCES. Continued. 1844. 1843. 1845. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Foreign. Domestic Foreign. $4,881 15,028 $57,312 $4,325 24,958 $44,421 8,325 232,774 6,550 170, .156 513 190 205.332 '742 4.929 158,188 3,479 2,012 472 " 27,072 40,662 22,160 8,174 4,427 326 $14,379 1,174,038 23,131 280,164 21,671 $1,780 8,482 13,071 2,541 Domestic. $81,813 848,989 255,799 Foreign. Domestic. $3,808 $108,132 8 794 338,37.5 19,595 6,140 4,362 23,999 8,385 21,813 7,225 2,387 228,451 1,268 223,191 1,624 186,904 181,715 2,055 850 149,553 3,641 22,992 112,999 12,571 90,024 7,577 7,102 3,353 $2,455 10,922 1847. 1846. 190 15,916 626 6,544 119,068 10,658 138,913 20,713 452 6,274 4,837 1,446 73,139 1,157 27,307 32,436 53,405 20,397 31,251 7,847 28,350 4,816 27,205 23,172 1,159 27,830 <* 29,485 14,551 311 27,607 23,714 • 14,762 12,129 12,648 10,856 3,484 1,002,928 3,756,569 1,108,712 3,615,423 1,328,057 5,187,707 1,527,439 4,913,388 1,472,769 5,782 5,345,249 122 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT— 1848. 1849. 1850. Articles. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. Iron, and manufactures of iron, and iron and steel: $884 side-arms ***$I*397 fire-arms not snecified 6,046 **'$6*928' J l l ^ C l l l J l O n \ / b o|.*v, ^.^ll^^./\.• . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . 818 ^214 265 drawin" and cutting knives 455 200 Iiatchets, axes, and adzes 90 385 100 socket-chisels 1,537 4,375 **"i,*i69' needles 11 240 120 1,015 spades and shovels ""*2,*268' huf r-hiricrps?. 6 512 Steelyards and scale-beams 50 sickles and reaping-hooks scj'thes squares of iron and steel '"'9,'825' ***i6;949' cuttlery '*'ii*i62' 30,668 $i,'62*2,*4'o'8 other manufactures of 27,987 '$886^639* 23,948 $i,'67*7*,*79'2' 4,899 •ITIllslvP.fS.... 6,102 11,142 llll.l.i3[V\>LO.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rifles nails, wrought '***i,*4i8 **"2,'695* 616' spikes chain cables, or parts thereof 693* 3ii" ei'i" chains, other. castings, vessels of 369* 157' 25i' castings, all other 11 * * *S3,' Iss" 2,768 "*66,*i75* 1,218 •*'79,*318* 189 sad-irons 424 round iron, or brazier's lods sheet and hoop-iron ***2,*924' sheet-iron ; - **"i,'902' *"'3,*i20* 1,936 hoop-iron 537 217 casementrods, (band and scroll,) slit, rolled, or hammered iron for ships, See mill-saws, &c , 397' 25' anchors, and po,rts thereof. hammers and sledges hollow ware anvils, and parts thereof 94" 36i" 99* • cap or bonnet wire tacks, brads, and sprigs * 205' 72' wire, not above No. 14 174 63 wire, above No. 14 1,200 wood-screws boilerplate old and scrap iron ""i.!3o6" 2,091 **154*036' *'*i6,*887" '*i49,'358 ****5!679* **i54;2l6' l)ariron, rolled 10,545 30,110 1.5,130 bar-iron, otherwise -. . 7,262 9,226 13,776 nail or spike-rods, slit, hammered,or rolled bar-iron r-ailroad iron tSLeel "".... cast, shear, or German "'39*78i* ***54,*486" '*"23*847' all other 1,616 558 16,346 Wool, unmanufactured 1,840 6,8J1 manufactures of cloths and cassimeres **i06*299 **i10*822' ***55!363' merino shawls, of wool 5,307 12,091 5,094 blankets 6,161 7,3 2 5,262 hosiery, gloves, mits, and bindings... 3,123 • 2,420 786 other manufactures of 14,202 16,3)0 15,497 woolen and worsted yarn 275 268 375 / worsted stuff'goods 24,948 47,126 80, .534 flannels '. 17,025 2,973 5,269 carpeting 1,597 580 6,115 baizes and bockings 814 1,512 350 woolen and worsted articles, tara bored or embroidered 349 Cotton, inanufactures of— 640,919 351,169 dyed, printed, or colored. 424,941 466,574 274,559 606,631 white 487.456 4,866,559 81,690 3,955,117 44,724 3,774,407 20:272 hosiery, gloves, mits, and bindings, 10.425 22,943 40,783 *'i76"6'^3" twist yarn and thread . . , 7:718 '"92*.5551 21,023 ***i7,*405* nankeens 2,365 3^203 other manfactures of .13*884 327,479 * "2.9; 31.3' 415,680 **'4i,'672* **335,*98i' velvets..; 4,072 9:869 3,834 articles tambored or embroidered..! 2,534 3;360 1 8,002 1 iis' f 123 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Continued. Foreign. 1853. 1853. 1851. Domestic. Foreign. $10,198 154 100 1,271 ' 37 Domestic. Foreigh. $1,303 4; 751 47 $287 3,126 154 225 l,o94" 18 988 1854. Domestic. ' 14.298 32,500 1,875,621 12,377 8,241 96,519 $2',69'7,'234' 14,598 19,732 33,908 ^1,993,807 1,642 J, 065 1,751 3,654 2,651 24 476 '"220,* 420" 191,388 Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic $339 8,902 2,896 6,282 3,(i27 3,811 984 3,800 '277 3,180 4,844 3,250 1,002 100,463 294,073 $3,449,869 12,847 12,626 • 6,782 10,608 2,022 38 164,425 ' 1855. 797 2,236 9,002 312 91 $1,659 17,030 11,805 224,101 875,012 §3,158,598 10,406 47,573 34,375 458,202 308,439 1 3,229 2,330 37,648 15,835 4,760 9,907 14,822 12,629 2,075 505 760 16,787 9,620 . 2,346 8,069 4,786 310 324 29 1,555 33,321 3,491 8,509 678 2,244 1,439 1.337 1,'254 3,068 1,083 300. 1.661 1,993 15,839 1,539 215,652 1,.3.30 2,568 48,8.36 3,638 ' 1,096 1,113 118,624 1,702 126,307 845 181,998 1.436 71 161,896 16,519 302,279 3.445 9^910 288,437 245 117,894 1.50,100 37,103 1,268 7,966 31,569 79,438 25,085 9,259 2,264 86,203 49 60,779 3,148 779 101,253 22,231 9,199 3,166 21,340 384 76,664 13,287 8,507 , 847 54,285 30,637 1,000 51,387 39, .599 13,648 41,668 26,783 36,285 131,442 9^,116 39,726 12,069 7, .581 110,.576 5,000 60,263 8,058 6,952 340,723 175,858 29,698 26,029 252,748 47,082 2.50,855 74,788 54,452 6,144 992,777 228,1.59 58,204 68,878 349,661 18,969 415,622 77,OiS 120,413 4,520 648 440,441 l,006,u,.. 132,020 5,571,576 25,923 37,260 20,546 37,103 3,823 14,978 625,808 '^7,620 401,215 22,287 48,155 • 926,404 6,139,391 49,935 7,684 8,560 .571,638 34,718 27,802 622,540 362,052 20,396 69,607 1,085,167 6,926,485 158,619 14,995 5,273 733,648 22,594 684,483 1,136,M93 2,613,655 502,387 3,927,148 1*336*634' 2,907,276 52,420 127,191 38,460 40,795 49,315 157,759 19,169 4,894 422,560 413,269 62,173 336,2.50 124 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT- Cotton, manufactures of— cords, gimps, and galloons 1850. 1849. 1848. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. $6,252 19,858 $3,766 55,515 $10,350 7,408 259,281 5,728 3,910 36,228 319 35,248 2,614 139 307,965 . 4,877 4.707 62,262 639 7,170 - 27,537 952 285,677 3,934 5,396 29,046 "279,204 20,955 178,041 9,474 110,.551 17,1.98 397 1,732 5,031 . 3,843 Domestic. flO-ss.. hosiery, gloves, mits, and b i n d i n g s . . . . other manufactures of hats and boimets of 28,084 15,795 500 linen, bleached or unbleached, dyed other manufactures of articles tambored or embroidered... Hemp, unmanufactured manilla unmanufactured ticklenburgs, osnaburgs, and burlaps, sheeting, brown and white sail duck, (Russia, Holland, and ravens) . . . , . . .. other m a n u f a c t u r e s . . . . Total 7,570 1,833 $27,657 5,278 28,808 11,112 2,626 3,351 6,713 433 13,401 29,161 $8,458 12,522 27,608 25,554 43,835 13,035 1,889 4,385 '***5,*558' 15,544 11,823 1,613 $5,633 ii,776 2,261,547 7,012,207 1,705,433 6,043,317 1,355,941 6,663,153 N O T E —The years 1840,1841, and 1842 ended oh September 30. From October 1, 1842, to J u n e 30, 1843, is given above as the year 1843—although only nine m<mths of time—caused by the change of the fiscal year being made to end on .Tune 30 instead of September 30. Each subsequent year, above given, is for the full tiniH ending J u n e 30, 18.55. Under the arrangement of the articles of exportation, manilla hemp is not distinguished from " s u n and other hemps of I n d i a ; " nor can it be distinguished from other hemps when manufactured. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Nov ember. 10, 1855. I 125 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Continued. 1852. 1851. Foreign, Domestic. Foreign. $3,106 43,856 .$574 7,143 417,758 8,928 8,586 48,628 225 13,851 5.307 2,'192 523,700 782 5,006 66,412 95,692 10.723 K0,916 10,835 967 7,876 8,688 Domestic. ,,. 6,471 6,285 ' 484 $29,114 22.423 13^880 4,605 3,450 2,262 1853. 102 377 9,584 $18,649 7,51.9 1,631 ,210 1,811,843 9,534,040 2,281,927 Domestic. 13,622 Foreign. 1855. Domestic. Foreign. $881 282 $6,272 5,010 2,956 $34,827 63,279 7,843 507,707 6,140 5,426 8U526 '837 4,374 3,981 1,284 563,529 9,768 17,073 141,913 1,830 74,954 21.0.37 34.; 087 512,462 58,733 34,003 265,988 873 128,828 18,788 27 1,7,56 2,310 4,572 1.57,120 18,371 737 3,370 42,614 56,679 215,602 54,548 8,700 $18,195 23,200 10,809 27,535 8,906 8,023 Foreign. 1854. 10,736 145 677 10,008,241 2,757,124 118, .5.57 30,076 $93,699 11,8,52 6.692 2:992 57,305 198,136 $121,320 4,407 5,298 25,484 16,784 Domestic 79,717 12,514 3,518 6,797 36,508 11,303,525 4,825,229 9,919,282 7,753,629 9,796,283 N O T E . — I n the column of foreign exports for 1855, the headings of the abstracts have, in some instances, been changed from those of former years, viz : In manufactures of wool, "• cloths and cassimeres " changed to " piece goods, including wool and cotton ; " *' merino shawls of wool ' ' changed to " s h a w l s of wool, wool and cotton, silk, and silk and cotton " .\n rnantifactures of cotton, " dyed, printed or colored," and " w h i t e , " changed to " piece goods." In the domestic exports, pig-iron, bar-iron, and nails have, until 1855, been included under one h e a d ; of which, however, nails were the principal item. In 1855 ihey are given separatelv, v i z : pig $23,060; bar $10,189; and nails $255,188; total $288,437. Wool, unmanufactured, was not enumerated until 1855. Tlie amounts given for 1846 and 1847, were written on the margins o f t h e abstracts from Boston for those years. F . BIGGER, Register. STATEMENT—Continued. LO Statement exhibiting the vcdues ofi iron and manufiactures ofi iron, and iron and steel, steel, wool and manufiactures ofi loool, manufiactures ofi cotton, silk and manufactures ofi silk^ flax, linen and linen fiahrics, hemp and manufiactures ofi hemp, manilla, sun, and otlier hemps ofi India, and silk and luorsted goods imported firom and exported to fioreign countries firom 1840 io 1855, both years inclusive; and also showing the domestic exports ofi like articles fior the same periods. 1841. 1840. • 1842. w Articles. Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign imported. ported. ported. ported. Iron, and inanufactures of irou, and iron, and steel.----. . . Cast, shear, German, and otber Cotton manufacturesof.- ....... ' m^anufactures of . manilla, sun, and otlier, of „= O O $6,750, 099 $156,115 528,716 846,076 9,071,184 6,504,484 234,235 9,601,522 33,961 26, 246 418,399 1,103,489 200,239 1,015,532 4,614,466 686,777 1,588,-155 425, 466 226, 347 $1,104,455 3, 549,607 8,242 |8,914, 425 $134,316 609,201 1,091,953 11,001,939 11,757,036 254,102 15,300,795 24,848 44,226 171,814 . 929,056 227,113 356,264 6, 846, 807 561,039 2, 566, 331 280,459 . 50 167,506 Sill? and wftTRfp<l <Tnn<1<? Total Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic exported. ported. ported. ported. ported. $1,045,264 $6, 988, 965 $177,381 3,122,546 597,317 797, 382 8, 375, 725 9,578,515 33, 002 9,444,341 18,447 90,865 145,123 836, 892 420 265,159 3,669,23*11 267, 849 1,273,534 210,176 553 162,866 13, 400 15,812 „.. 40,425,714 3,605,794 4,662,304 58,903,678 2,351,464 4,181,210 1,311,770 777 42,337,631 1,908,639 $1,109,522 2,97tl, 690 1,03*8 4,081,250 3 > ^ STATEMENT—Continued. 1843. 1844. 1845. Articles. Foreign imported. Iron, and manufacturers of iron, and iron and steel Cast, shear, German, and other steel Wool, unmanufactured manufactures of Cotton, manufactures of. Silk, unmanufactured m.anufiictures of Flax, unmanufactured linen and linen fabrics Hemp, unmanufactured manufacturesof manilla, sun, and other, of India Silk and worsted goods Total... $1,903,858 201,772 248,679 2,472,154 2,958,796 53,350 " 2,662, 087 15,193 1,484,921 228,882 526,502 Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign imported. ported. ported. $50,802 59,733 34,651 61,997 314,040 3,353 206,777 161,667 2, 012 102, 495 42,149 318,685 472 4,929 13,117,028 1,002,928 $532,693 $5,2.27,484 487,462 851,460 9,475, 782 3,223, 550 13,641,478 172,953 8,310,711 67, 738 4,492, 826 262, 365 1,003,420 326 3,756,569 Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign imported. ported. ported. $107,956 $716,332 15,415 67,483 404,648 7,102 230, 838 626 129,726 452 1.38, 002 209,385 1,292,488 6,274 190 45,495, 552 1,108,712 2, 898,780 311 3,615,423 $8,294,878 775,675 1,689,794 10,666,176 13,863,282 208,454 9,731,796 90,509 4, 923,109 145,209 897,345 Foreign ex- Domestic exported. ported. $91,966 20, 052 22,153 156,646 502,553 4, 362 246,272 6,544 159,626 4,837 95, 684 238,179 1,510,310 1,446 15,916 53, 034,716 1,328,057 $845,017 h O td — 4,327,928 o' ^ M fel -- Hri l—l ""i4,'762 ^ o fel zn 5,187,707 bO STATEMENT—Continued. CO 1847. 1846. 1848. Articles. Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic exported. ported. ported. poited. ported. ported. ported. ported. ported. Iron and manufactures of iron, and iron and steel Cast, shear, German, and othei steel . « • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Wool, unmanufactured....... manufftptiires of ... Cotton,manufactures o f . . . - - . . . . . Silk, unmanufactured manufactures of. . .-., Flax iinnianiifnptiirpfl Hemn. unmanufactured manufactures bf manilla, sun, and other, of India Silk and worsted sroods Total $7,835,832 $122,587 $1,151,782 $8,781,252 $63,596 $1,167,484 $12,526,854 • $98,295 $1,259,632 fel o • ^ 1,234,408 1,134,226 10,083,819 13,530,625 216, 647 10,667,649 16,337 5,098,505 180,281 766,664 32, 564 41,571 147,894 673, 203 23, 999 195, 753 457,276 1,778,202 73,139 3,641 53,000,471 1,527,439 203,996 3, 545, 481 125, 570 87,518 12,129 4,913, 388 1,126,458 555,822 10,998, 933 15,192,875 250,086 11,733,371 28,365 5,154, 837 66, 377 684,880 19,218 37, 302 215,894 486,135 ^ 8,385 334,173 278,675 1,965,095 27,307 22,992 56,817,026 1,472,769 97,601 1,157 59,009 89,460 4,082,523 5,782 5,345,249 1,284,937 857, 034 15,240,883 18,421,589 354,973 14,543,633 102,261 6,624,648 187,905 658,075 41,397 1,840 179,781 1,216,172 19,858 340,853 342,445 2,456,652 1,833' 2,614 73,601,889 2,261,547 5,718,205 O w fel 300,159 7,570 51,175 27, 657 6,713 fel \—i o fel m 7,012,207 STATEMENT—Continued. [ : • - 1851. 1850. 1849.' ; ' ~ Articles. Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic ex- Foreign im- Foreign ex- Domestic esported. ported. ported. ported. ported. ported. ported. ported. ported. ' Iron and manufactures of iron, and iron and steel = Cast, shear, German, and other steel. . , ................ "Wool, unmanufactured manufactures of Cotton, manufactures of. . . . . . . . Silk, unmanulactured...^..... . manufactures o f . . . . o o . . . . . . Flax, unmanufactured., • - - o . . ^ linen and linen fabrics . . Hemp, unmanufactured manufactures of manilla, sun, and other, of India '. Silk and worsted goods» Total.--.-... $13,831,823 $109,439 $1,096,172 $16,333,145 $100,746 1,227,138 1,177,347 13,704,606 15,754,841 384,535 13,791,232 127,859 5,907,242 491,633 519, 774 55,044 6, 891 201,404 • 571, 082 55,515 388, 572 1,332,253 1,681,691 17,151,509 20,108,719 401,385 17, 639,624 128,917 8,134, 674 579,814 588,446 40,193 129,878 • 5,031 98, 369 196,634 2,452,289 29,161 27,537 . 659,362 1,653,809 3,843 15, 795 69,566, 953 1,705,433 86, 393, 348 1,355,941 187,948 13,401 59, 439 4,933,129 8,458 5,558 6,043,317 174,934 427,107 7, 408 352,637 $1,911, .320" $17,306,700 4,734,424 5,633 11,776 1,570,063 3,833,157 19,507,309 22,164, 442 456,449 25,777, 245 176,197 . 8, 795,740 223,984 661,768 $100,290 38,371 7,966 . 267,379 677,940 43,856 500,168 107,382 7,876 46,620 508,709 1,783,076 8,683 5,307 6, 663,153 102,764,839 1,811,843 "••/•° $2,255,698 ^fel O 7,241,205 29,114 8,023 O fei t-i O fel w. 9,534,040 CO STATEMENT—Continued. Articles, Fpreign exported. $18,957,-993 $134,937 Iron, and manufactures of iron Cast, shear, German, and other 31,569 1,703,599 54,285 1,930,711 256,878 17, 57.3, 694 997, 03! 19,689,496 Cotton, manufactures of - ". 7,143 378,747 604,855 21,651,752 175,342 8,515,709 " " l 3 i , " l 5 3 linen and linen fabrics 164,588 377 Hemp, unmanufactured 391,608 manufactures of ^, ,, 47,831 manilla, sun, and other 9, 534 942,422 1, 667,513 6,285 Silk and worsted goods Embroideries of wool, cotton. 1854. 1853, 1852. Foreign imported. o Domestic exported. Foreign imported. Foreign exported. $2, 303,819 $27,255,425 $262, 343 ,' 2,970,313 2,669,718 27,621,911 27,731,313 7,672,151 722,931 30, 434, 886 135,684 10,236,037 329,122 " 18,649 479,171 13, 622 31,637 5!, 387 343,989 1,254,363 282 607,294 149, 399 2,310 45,567 1,591,791 1,880,918 4,572 3,931 134,059, 220 2,757,124 Domestic exported. $2,499,652 8,768,894 18,195 16,784 Foreign imported. Foreign exported. $29,341,775 $795,872 2,477,709 2,822,185 32,382,594 33,949,5(!3 1,099,389 34,696,831 250,391 10,863,536 ' 378,246 598,251 53,247 4i;668 1,262,897 1,468,179 7,966 843,154 1,528,329 1,594,038 56,679 2i,037 151,982,777 4,825,229 , Domestic exported. $4,210,350 o 5, 535,516 93,743,174 2,281,927 10,008,241 11,303,525 • o >^ fel 179,598 42,614 52,318 93,699 79,717 fel l-H > Cl fel m Piece goods, including wool and Total i 9,919,28^ 131 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. 1855. Articles. Foreign imported. Iron, and manufactures of iron, and iron and steel Cast, shear, German, and other s t e e l . . . . . . . "Wool, unnianufactured ...... manufactures of: •.„.... Cotton, manufactures o f . . . . . . . = . . . - » = Silk, unmanufactured , >... manufactures of .. ..„...„-..-„.., Flax, unmanufactured „....„.„--., linen and linen fabrics -„ = , ' . . . . - Hemp, unmanufactured ,...„...,..... manufactures of . „ manilla, sun, and other, of India Silk and worsted goods...'.. * Embroideries of wool, cotton, silk, or linen. * Piece goods, including wool and cotton . . . * Shawls of all descriptions . „ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign exported. Domestic ex-' ported. $1,565,523 63, 068 $3,753,4T2 2,072,139 131,442 ' 27,802 24,404.149 17,757,112 751,617 24, 36.6, 556 286,809 8,617,165 1,106,765 2,012,554 71,122 902,135 5,857,181 278,850 57, 305 27,236 198,136 118,557 121,320 36,508 $22,980,728 2, 593,137 112,763 266,829 2, 045,653 1,133,839 3,892,749 992,777 228,159 111,281,245 7,753,629 9,796,283 NOTES, 1840, 1841, and 1842, year ending September 30; 1843, nice months, ending June 30; 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, and 1855, year ending June 30. Manilla herap, under the arrangemerit of the articles of importation and exportatioii in the several years enumerated, is not distinguishable from ''sun," and other hemps of India. In manufactures of hemp, those of the quality manilla are not separately enumerated, and consequently cannot be given as requested. Wool was not enumerated in the forms of domestic exports,until 1855. The amounts given for the years 1846 and 1847 were returned on the margin of abstracts of domesticxports from the district of Boston, * Under one head in 1855. F. BIGGER, Register.. TREASURY DEPARTSIEHT, Register's Offxe, Novernbeff. 1855^ •No. .35... CO Statement exhibiting the value ofi iron, manufiactures ofi iron, and iron und steel,' steel, sugar, wines, and all fabrics of which wool, cotton, silk, flax or hemp, is a component part, imported annually, firom 1847 to 1855, both inclusive, with theduties which accrued thereon during each year, respectively. 1849. 1848. 1.847. Articles. Value. Value. Duties. Value. Duties. Duties. fei hj O Iron, manufactures of iron, and iron and steel Cast, sh.ear, German, and other steel Manufactures of wool - - - •. cotton silk flax hemp Wines Sugar .., ^ Articles of which wool, cotton, silk, flax or hemp, is a component part, but which cannot properly be classified with either, viz: Silk and worsted goods Embroideries, of wool, cotton, silk, and liuen.., Clothing, ready-made, and articles of wear LaceSj^thread and insertings : cotton insertings, trimmings, laces and braids Cordage, untarred, tarred, and cables Twine and pack-thread Seines Total. $8,781,252 1,126,458 10,998,933 15,192,875 11,733,371 5,154,837 684,880 1,801,951 9,877,212 $2,751,407 165,780 3,365,277 4,117,803 2,833,850 1,093,180 135,754 439,873 3, 375, 815 66 40 94 01 75 65 88 22 53 $12,526,854 1,284,937 15,240,883 18,421,589 14,543,634 6,624,648 658,075 1,434,009 9, 479, 817 $3,736,223 20 203,909 00 4,247,170 30 4,558,587 70 3,739,a50 05 1,327,231 20 131,615 00 570,595 60 2, 843, 945- 10 $13,831,823 1,227,138 13, 704, 606 15,754,841 13,791,232 5,9n7,242 519,774 1,821,157 8,048,900 $4,132, 780 194,683 3,780,863 3,911,677 3,553,488 1,184,665 103,954 726,374 2,414,670 .50 95 65 55 55 50 80 50 00 O td > ofej m 1,965,095 676,404 370,028 398,514 67,592 -54,809 446 68, 884, 657 535,555 25 228,488 • 67,900 99,628 31,863 13,756 80 30 50 50 18 50 50 19,256,016 77 2„456,652 653,222 263, 859 716,552 239, 526 45,575 502 84,590,334 614,163 00 195, 966 52,771 179,138 59,881 12,479 150 60 80 00 50 50 60 22,473,478 15 2,452,289 587,-590 176,37"-' 663,991 146,410 34,378 .- 182 78,667,928 613,072 25 176,277 35,275 165,997 36,602 00 00 75 50 P',313 40 54 60 2 1 , 0 4 0 , 7 5 6 50 ST ATEMENT—Continued. 1852. 1851. 1850. Articles. Value. Iron, manufactures of iron, and iron and steel. Cast, shear, German, and other steel Manufactures of wool cotton -„ silk.... flax „..»... »... hemp Wines. ...o Sugar... '..' Articles of which wool, cotton, silk, flax or hemp, is a component part, but which cannot properly be classified with either, viz: Silk and worsted goods _ Embroideries, of wool, cotton, silk, and linen Clothing, ready-made, and articles of wear Laces, thread, and insertings cotton insertings, trimmings, laces and braids... Cordage, untarred, tarred, and cables Twine and pack-thread Seines —« „ , Total , $16,333,145 1,332,253 17,151,509 • 20,108,719 17,639,624 8,134,674 . 588,446 2, 065, 922 7, 555,146 Value. Duties. $4,876,811 211,106 4,752,782 5,002,633 4,518,423 1,630,900 117, 689 823,608 2,266, 543 00 05 30 55 65 00 20 60 80 $17,306, 700 1,570,063 19, 507, 309 22,164,442 25,777, 245 8,795,740 661, 768 2, 359,279 13,841,426 Duties. $5,170,213 250,706 5,407,688 5,516, 962 6,574,792 1,765,497 132,353 941,190 4,152, 427 70 15 85 00 55 80 60 80 80 Value: Duties. $18,957,993 1,703,599 17, 573, 694 19,639,496 21,561,752 8,515,709 391,608 2, 203,230 14,712, 847 $5,666,763 274,332 4,831,729 4,887, 538 5,529,273 1,708,919 78,321 878,604 4,413,854 SO 30 15 45 50 10 60 60 10 413,452 25 1,783,076 445,769 00 1,667,513 416,878 25 813,261 1.85,925 .672, 627 257,377 62,106 590 243,978 30 37,185 00 1,058,994 223, 115 756,651 213,785 317,698 44,623 189,162 53,446 15,084 89 20 00 75 25 60 70 1,368,812 160,385 535,056 205,417 45,014 742 410,643 32,077 133,764 51,354 13,504 . 222 94,555, 133 25,146, 423 50 30,977,706 75 109,292,867 1,653,809 168,156 64,344 18,631 177 75 25 80 00 50, 282 299 116,070,174 60 00 00 25 20 60 fel O fd O H' W fel a> fej o fej ux 29,327,780 50 CO STATEMENT—Continued. oo 1854. 1853. 1855. - . Articles. Value. Iron, manufactures of iron, and iron and steel Cast, shear, German, andother steel .'Manufactures of wool cotton silk flax hemp . Wines . Sugar, Articles of which wool, cotton, silk, flax, or hemp, is a component part, but which cannot properly be classified with either, viz: Silk and worsted goods. Embroideries of wool, cotton, s"lk, and linen Clothing, ready-made, and article.s of wear Laces, thread and insertings cotton insertings, trimmings, laces, braids, & c . . . Cordage, untarred, tarred, and cables Twine and pack-thread i..'. „ ,. Seines „..„,oo................. Total. $27,255,425 2,970,313 27,621,911 27,731,313 30,434,886 10,236,037 479,171 2, 995,631 14,937, 776 Duties. $8,1.52,621 40 - 476,868 70 7,625,914 05 6,924,408 30 7,748,378 75 2,056,004 50 95,834 20 1,194,802 20 4,496,332 80 Value. $29,341,775 2,477,709 32,382, 594 33, 949, 503 34, 69a, 831 10,863, 536 598,251 3,370,802' 13, 700, 789 Duties. $8,777,066 80 403,624 95 8,986,151 85 8,513,717 85 8, 805, 359 65 2,178,895 90 179,475 30 1,198,614 40 4,110,236 70 Value. $22, 980, 728 2,593, '37 24,404,149 17,757, 112 24, 366, 556 8,617, 165 266, 829 3,114,824 14,673,547 Duties. $6,873,058 00 431,757 10 6,755,005 80 ~ 4,319,033 45 6,129,583 95 1,723,573 90 53, 365 80 1,098,304 40 4,402,064 10 hj • O fej W fe! 4,880,918 470,229 50 1,594,038 398,509 50 2,307,135 252, 170 841,757 121,660 58, 546 404 692,140 50 50,434 00 210,439 25 30,415 00 17,563 80 121 20 3,927,141 368,399 853, 552 255,969 78, 553 1,540 ,178,142 30 150,175,053 40,242,508 15 168,460,982 45,104,883 15 73,679 80 213,388 00 63,992 25 23, 565 90 462 00 1,123,839 3, 892, 749 1,975,662 318,511 767,055 187, 124 283,459' 75 1,167,824 70 592,698 60 63, 702 20 191,763 75 46,781 00 *^55,704 16,711 20 127,104,691 34, 148,687 70 * Twine and seines are und^er one head for the year 1855. F . BIGGER, Register. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Offiee, Octoher 30, 1855. fej O td fej O fel Ul No. 36, Statement of the amount of duties refunded up to November 1, 1855, on. importations fir ovi the British provinces, under the reciprocity treaty with Great Britain ofi June 5,1854^ as provided in the act ofi Congress ofi March 2, 1855j to carry into effect the said treaty. Port where imported. Grain of all kinds. Oswego . . . . . . . . . . . a'.-.... Offdensbure ^. Philadelphia Cape Vincent Detroit Baltimore Salem Boston Norfolk Rochester .... Eastport ...»--...; Sandusky .^ Providence Marblehead Barnstable Chicago . Portsmouth Alexandria. Ellsworth L Savannah Lewiston Cleveland Gloucester . . . . ... Burlington Plattsburgh New.York $120,193 26 6,103 60 Breadstufts. $3, 408 40 6,883 08 6,217 58 2,725 60 57 14 186 52 3,300 70 35,203 13 10,139 15 119 01 387 04 147 40 Lumber and Horses, cat- Hides and Fish, and protimber. tle, and sheep. skins. ducts of. $10,703 25 . 58 75 • $12 30 1,472 02 489 215 290 105 2,581 35 61 20 69 85 1,598 42 280 68 767 832 68 " 290 79 60 19 40 90 11 10 20 16 71 $384 45 . 444 80 All other articles. $260 72 ^ - 7,207 60 1,986 34 1,545 9i ^ 343 00 23 10 7,313 50 508 13 338.80 34,885 94 1,071 14 Coal. $4,805 1,090 867 144 2,130 $737 16 92 00 1,179 06 40 80 72 15 90 6,768 78 263 90 ' 786 26 130 80 293 00 21 60 424^83 40 38 609 12 37,6.75 135 112 271 3,117 24,149 52 20 00 98 79 50 11, 865 m 55 50 1,184 64 1,1,36 42 79,001 80 233 47 491 259 6,459 7,932 136 90 05 50 64 87 71 60 1,322 24 1,560 60 9, 083 37 1,518 87 527 79 78 41 1,377 163 1,204 14,268 61 98 16, 40 362 40 1,090 205 247 2,756 1,156 6,451 48 30 41 68 10 62 TotaL $134, 952 "38 19, 767 65 ' 8, 298 40 11 7fi9 4fi 3, 923 66 9,734 60 613 82 • 83,816 36 263 90 11 942 60 3,218 11 455 44 421 70 79 11 293 00 21 60 424 83 40 30 609 12 233 90 53,640,26 887 50 1,996 66 20,448 31 16,066 05 124,370 32 fei O O fe; W fej fe; o m CO STATEMENT—Continued. Port where imported. Buffalo New O r l e a n s . . . . . . . . . . Toledo .0-. Portland Richmohd ,....,,. San Francisco Wilmington, N, C Sackett's Harbor'. New Bedford i Machias.', . . . „ . >i!t. Grain of all kinds. $18,357 56 . Breadstufi's. $10,288 67 CO Lumber and Horses, cat- Hides and skins. tle, and sheep. timber. $6,964 .46 $57 40 Coal. • $635 18 All other articles. $184 4 1 , $L769 60 - 340' 09 179 55 549 40 Fish, and products of. 957 1,959 2,734 548 1,165 10 25 08 82 40 80 01 57 71 464 76 $92 42 245 00 43 39 232,005 49 149,968 06 39,794 87 15,372 46 80,369 73 6,972 20 1,322 78 30,081 50 Total. $36,487 1,769 340 1,743 2,424 2,734 641 1,175 245 43 68 60 09 74 58 40 22 26 00 39 555,887 09 fei hj O td H i fei a EECAPITULATION. Grain of all kinds... = - . . , . . . , Breadstufis _... Lumber and timber Horses, cattle, and s h e e p . . . . . . . Hides and skins Fish and fish oil Coal ,.. Sundries ; ..o^.J..... ....,., ,„,.. „...,.,-. „ ./..,.,.... „ ,, ,,. _ : , Totalamount allowed..... ._-..,.,., ^ , ,.... .,,,,..„..,,,....,._ ; $232,005 49 149,968 06 39,794 87 15, 372 46 6,972 20 80,369 73 1,322 78 30,081 50 555,887 09 Statement ofi the amount ofi bonds cancelled, as required by act ofi Congress ofi March 2^ 1855, ^' to carry into effect the reciprocity treaty with Great Britain of June 5,1854tfi' up to November 1, 1855. Port. Burlington Baltimore Gloucester .._ Sandusky New Haven Portland. New York Boston Lewiston ... Toledo Bufi'alo..-Rochester _. Cleveland. ^.... Grain. Breadstufi's. ;... Lumber and timber. Fish. Skins & hides. All other articles. $8,026 00 $896 60 $8,031 50 242 80 .... $7 81 ^ 3,410 00 27 80 505 30. 1,338 00 $6,429 40 :... • ' . : 734 10 7 80 $1,20000 25 88 -1,266 80' 13,920 00 ••"65,812 50 48,260 70 108 24 • . 159 90 211 47 , 183 60 30 00 348 50 7,163 50 117,599 25 10,616 97 • Total. $8, 026 8,728 242 35 513 5,948 7,722 79, 7.32 48,260 159 1,053 213 384 00 10 80 61 10 00 08 .50 70 90 81 60 50 fej fej O td >-3 O fei >^ fej fej HH 23, 498 90 1,200 00 906 08 160,984 70 fej fej o fel m RECAPITULATION. Grain ..... .. Breadstufi's . . . . , Lumber, &c. . . . Fish Hides and skins . Sundries $7,163 117,599 10,616 23,498 1,200 906 50 25 97 90 00 08 160,984 70 CO 138 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 37. REPORT OF THE FIRST COMPTROLLER. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Comptroller's Office, October 18, 1855. SIR: In reply to your call of tlie 16tli instant for a report upon the operations of tliis oflEice during the past fiscal year, giving a general outline of its duties, and showing the improvements^ if any, which have taken place in the character and attendance of its officers, and in the mode of doing business, and also the present condition of its business, I respectfully state that the following accounts • have been revised and certified to the Eegister," viz: 3,659 accounts reported on by the First Auditor. 769 accounts reported on by the Fifth Auditor. 2,000 and more accounts reported on by the Commissioner of the Greneral Land Office. ' That the following named warrants have been countersigned, entered in blotters, and posted, viz: 3,460 Treasury pay warrants. ^ . . 2,969 customs pay warrants. 2,191 Interior pay warrants, (civil.) 1,172 Interior pay warrants, (militaiy.) 795 Navy pay warrants. , • 3,390 W a r pay warrants. 4,625 covering and counter warrants. 48 Treasury appropriation warrants. 4 Navy appropriation warrants. 36 W a r and Interior appropriation warrants, besides funding transfer, and surplus-fund warrants, the^ whole making an aggregate of upwards of 18,690 warrants; 2,631 letters have been received, endorsed, registered, and filed; 3,688 letters have been written^.registered, recorded, and forwarded, the records ofwhich cover 3,184 pages folio post. There have been 38 formal decisions.made, 33 of which have been recorded, covering 112 pages of folio post; and the remaining five, when recorded, it is estimated, will cover about 128 more such pages. There have been 26 reports made to the different departments, the records of which cover 272 pages of folio post; and in addition to the foregoing, various other duties have been performed, such as sending letters of appointment and instructions to revenue officers ; receiving, examining, and registering their bonds, as also the bonds of various disbursing officers, the details of which it is not deemed necessary to give. The official qualifications of the clerks are, generally, in a high degree efficient, and I know nothing derogatory to the moral fitness of any of them.' Their attendance, in point of regularity, I have no hesitation in saying, will compare, without detriment, with the attendance of the clerks in any other office of the department. I think I can safely say that the business of the office never was in a better condition, indeed, it might be called, up to date. There has been no change in the mode of doing business. Yours, respectfully, . ELISHA WHITTLESEY, Comptroller. Hon. JAJ\IES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi thc Treasury. ^ REFORT ON THE FINANCED- 139 No. 38. . . REPORT OF THE SECOND C 0 M P T R 0 L L P : R . • , TREASURY DEPARTMENT, ' Second Comptroller's Ofiice, October 18, 1855. . SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this office for the past fiscal year, in conformity with your request of the 16th instant. The amounts which have been examined, passed, and entered upon the books .of this office, during the year, were : Eeported by the Second Auditor Eeported by the Third Auditor Eeported by the Fourth Auditor _ - _ - - - - ,1,280 - . 3,212 316 Total 4,808 being an increase of 744 upon the number ofthe preceeding year. I t is proper to say that nearly all the amounts stated in the Fourth Auditor's office, and included iii> the above, being chiefly those of pursers and navy agents, are exceedingly voluminous and intricate, and require, in some cases, months for investigation and settlement. In addition to the foregoing amounts, which were settled by report and requisition, there were small accounts adjusted by the accounting officers and. paid by disbursing agents, on certificates originating in— Second Auditor's Office - • - . - 5 6 9 Fourth Auditor's Office . 531 , Total - - - ' - - - -^ - - 1,100 being 346 less than in the preceding year. The requisitions that have been examined, countersigned, ,and entered upon the books of the office for the W a r and Navy Departments were from— ' . Second Auditor's Office— Pay or advance requisitions Transfer or refunding requisitions Third Auditor's Office— Pay or advance requisitions Transfer or refunding requisitions Fourth Auditor's Office— Pay or advance requisitions ' Transfer or refunding requisitions - - - - ' 1,368 --^175 - - - - - 2,030 836 - ^- - - '. - 795 '256' For the Department ofi the Interior. Second Auditor's OfficePay or advance requisitions - , Transfer or refunding requisitions - - -' - -• 340 51 140 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Third Auditor's Office— Pay. or advance requisitions - - Transfer or refunding requisitions Fourth Auditor's OfficePay or advance requisitions Transfer or refunding requisitions - - - -^ - -' 760 192 - - - - 50 15 Total . 6;868 being 340 more than in the preceding year. The official letters written and recorded cover six hundred and thirty-nine pages of folio post, being eighty-four pages more than in the preceding year. Many of them embraced decisions upon disputed points coming before the office on appeal, or otherwise, and requiring great labor in their proper examination. The number of accounts for suit entered on the books of the oflEice and transmitted to the Solicitor of the Treasury, with a brief of the case, is twenty-six. I do not give, in this connexion, any account of . the proceedings and results under the order pf the Secretary of the Treasury, dated November 21, 1853, in regard to outstanding balances, because I shall make a separate report upon that subject. Among the improvements of the office it may be mentioned that Books of Differences have been opened, in which statements are entered exhibiting all the differences existing between the accounts of disbursing officers and the official settlements of the same, with the explanatory reasons for such differences. The preparation of these books, and the subsequent entries, have imposed some additional work upon the clerks ; but the adoption of the plan has proved judicious. "- The books are very useful in the settlement of accounts, in tracing suspended vouchers, and for reference in regard to contested items. I n the course of business .jn this office, claims against the United States have frequently been presented for damages on account of alleged, violations of contract. Such claims are often, perhaps generally,, of an extravagant and indefinite character, and are usually.urged with great ability and perseverance. I have not looked upon their adjudication as properly within the scope of the powers bestowed upon the accounting officers, nor, indeed, upon any executive officers o f t h e government. The practice in regard to such claime has not been entirely uniform heretofore ; but as the general authority to adjust and pay them has not been expressly conferred by statute, and for obvious reasons of economy and safety will, probably, never be so conferred, I have considered it. too dangerous to the Treasury to be assumed as an incident to the adjustment and settlement of accounts. It has,. therefore, been announced, as a rule of this office, that such cases will not be entertained,'and that when a contractor avers that he has.been damnified by the government, or an agent acting in behalf of the government, he must look to Oongress for redress ; for, if executive officers can liquidate and pay damages at their discretion, the public j treasure would be placed at their disposal for objects not contemplatedi by Oongress, not estimated for, and not within the intent of any] appropriation. REPQRT, ON THE FINANCES. 141 This, view of the subject has been substantially held by Chief Justice Taney when Attorney General, (Opinions, 1st edition, p. 882, omitted in new edition;) Attorney General Nelson, (Opinions, p. 1687;) Attorney General Clifford, (Opinions, p. 1833;) and by Attorney General Cushing, in his manuscript opinion in the case of Strader & Johnson, dated June .7, 1854. By the 2d seetion of the ^^ joint resolution for the reliefof pursers, &G.fi approved March 3, 1849, (9 Stat. 419,) it is provided ' ' t h a t every disbursement of public nioneys or disposal of public stores made by order of any commanding officer of the navy, which shall be objected to by the accounting officers of the Treasury in the settlement of the accounts of any disbursing officer, shall, nevertheless, be allowed to such, disbursing officer, and the commanding officer by whose order such disbursement or disposal was made shall be held accountable for the same." _ • This enactment has been interpreted by the pursers as authorizing them to advance on the orcler of the comm.anding officer any or all of the public funds in their possession ; and some of the commanders availed themselves of this indiscreet concession to.their supposed authority to direct considerable, sums to be put into their hands, of which no account whatever has been rendered, and which was doubtless expended for private purposes. So serious a misconstruction of the law, which set at naught the guards so carefully thrown around the public money by acts of Congress and executive regulations; which absolved a particular class of officers from the liabilities of the 16th section of the act of August 6, 1846, (the independent treasury act;) which tended to imperil the due performance ofthe naval service, by diverting the funds provided for the expenses of the ship and the wages of the crew to private objects, and which opened a wide door for collusion and fraud, could not be acquiesced in for a moment. It was. clear, in myjudgment, that Congress presupposed an indebtedness, and intended to cover only disbursements of a public nature, but which were not sanctioned by existing laws or regulations—as for purchases of unauthorized supplies, or for hire of unauthorized employes—but not to screen the disbursing officer from all responsibility for loans and advances made by order,of the commanding officer, nor to empower the latter, for his private convenience or necessities,, to withdraw funds from their legitimate application to the public service. -' . ' The 1st section ofthe act of J a n i a r y 21, 1823,^3 Stat. 723,) forbids any advance of public money, except in certain specified cases by direction of the President; and the 6th section of the act of August 26, 1842, (5 Stat. 535,) declares '^ that it shall not be lawful for a purser in the navy to advance or loan any sum or sums of money,'public or private, or any. article or commodity whatever, or any credit to any officer in the naval service, under any pretence Whatever." These laws, the act of August 6, 1846, and the joint resolution of 1849, are all in p a r i materia; and, in conformity with the view I have expressed, a circular was addressed to the disbursing officers, apprizing them that the laws in regard to advances, &c., were not repealed- or modified by l.the joint resolution, and that no credit would be allowed to them for 142 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. advances or loans made by orders of commanding officers, howjever frequent or peremptory such orders might be. For many years past, great labor and perplexity have occurred in ascertaining the respectiye liabilities of sureties in suits upon ofBcial bonds Avhen more than one bond has been.given. To obviate such difficulties in future, directions have been given in a circular addressed to each bonded disbursing officer whose accounts come under thejurisdiction of this office that separate and distinct accounts with the United States shall be kept under every bond given; and that in the caption of each quarterly account thc date ofi the bond under which it is rendered shall be stated. The balance, if any, due to the United States is not to be carried into the second or subsequent series rendered under a new bond, but the account is to be closed by the payment of the . balance found to be due ; and in making his deposites the officer is required to designate by the date of the bond the account to which the sum is to be applied, and also the appropriation to which it is refunded. It is also brought to the attention ofthe disbursing, officers that additional cumulative bonds do not operate to release the sureties on prior bonds, though a settlement under each is necessary in .order to fix the t i ^ e s when successive sureties become liable, and to ascertain the amount of'their liability. The good effects of this rule are already perceptible, and it is confidently believed that it will not only relieve the accounting officers and the Solicitor of much labor and embarrassment, but will tend to save the government from pecuniary loss resulting from doubt as to what sureties should be held responsible for the defalcation of their principal. For the reasons stated in my report last year, I feel bound-to reiterate the opinion I then expressed, that it is a serious defect in the organization of this office that the clerks appointed to it are not selected from the various auditors' offices w^hose statements are revised in this office. Experience in a revising officer charged with the examination of details is of the highest importance if conjoined with abilities and. fidelity; and I respectfully recommend that the subject be brought to the notice of Congress for a suitable change in the salaries, with a suggestion that no original appointments be made in the revising ofBces, but that vacancies as they occur shall be filled by transfers. It is a source of great satisfaction to me that, in reviewing the operations of this office for the last fiscal year, I can speak in terms of well deserved praise of the gentlemen employed in it in the transaction of the public business., who have performed their duties cheerfully, ably, and promptly. To their intelligence and faithfulness is the office^ essentially indebted for its present excellent condition. No branch is . in arrears, and not a single case requiring, or presented for, my personal examination anddecision remains unadjudicated. I am, very respectfully, yours, • J . M. BEODHEAD, ComptroUer. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary of tlie Treasury. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No.-39. • 143 . ' R E P O R T OF THE COxMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Office of Commissioner ofi Customs, November 17, 1855. SIR: In reply to your letter of the 16th ultimo, .requesting a statement of the operations of this office for the past year, together with a general outline of its duties, the improvements, if any, which have taken place in the character. of its officers, and the mode of doing and present condition of its business, I have the honor to submit the following report: The act of March 3, 1849, establishing the office of Commissioner of Customs, provides that, the said Commissioner 'Sshall perform all the acts and exercise all the powers now devolved by law on the First Comptroller of the Treasury relating to the receipts from customs and the accounts of collectors and other officers of the, custoins, or connected therewith." In pursuance of this act, all the accounts connected with the customs, including those relating to the erection, repair, and furnishing of custom-houses,' marine hospitals, and, light-houses, were transferred to, and have since been revised and finally settled in, this office. " • In the performance of these duties, there have been examined and finally settled, during the year ending on the 1st of November last, accounts of collectors of the customs, and of surveyors acting as collectors, including the monthly accounts of receipts from customs, the quarterly accounts of collectors and surveyors acting as disbursing agents, of the Treasury, and the emolument accounts of naval officers . and surveyors, to the number of 2,081. . ' Miscellaneous accounts, including those for the erection and support of light-houses ,and marine "hospitals, the refunding of duties illegally exacted from importers, and a variety of special accounts to the number of 3,087. All estimates- of collectors and superintendents, upon which remittances are made to disbursing officers, are received, examined, and disposed of, at this office. Each of these requires a critical examination, and, if found correct, forms the basis of a requisition upon the Treasui'y for the transmission of funds to the officer properly chargeable therewith. ' •^During th@ past year, the total number of requisitions thus issued was 2,109, each one requiring four distinct and separate papers to be executed. The number of letters sent from the office during the same period amounts to 6,471, the recording ofwhich has filled 8,260 pages of its records. ' To this exhibit of the ordinary and current business of the office should be added a large amount-of miscellaneous and special business^ growing out of the presentation of claims for the allowance of suspended or rejected items of charge; the applications of importers for 144 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. cancellation of export bonds, or extension of time to produce the evidence necessary thereto; the preparation of cases for suit, the transcripts in all cases being accompanied by a brief, setting forth the grounds upon which the settlement of controverted items has been made by the department, and the investigation of cases referred by the department or its bureaus to this office, many of. which require great labor and care. I have great satisfaction in stating' that I believe these various* and. responsible duties have been discharged b y t h e persons having their immediate charge with promptness and fidelity. No business not impeded by some insuperable difficulty has .been suffered to fall into arrears, and no accounts oi* other papers are suffered to accumulate upon the desks of the office. , The returns which are made to you at the end of each month will show the punctuality with which the accounts of customs. are settled. A like return, if required, would show an equally proinpt disposition of the disbursement and other accounts settled in this office. I have again to report that great regularity prevails among the collectors of the customs and surveyors, acting as collectors, in the prompt transmission of their monthly accounts. In accordance with the provisions of your circular of Jurie 15, 1853, these accounts are required to be made up and forwarded to the accounting officers within one week after the expiration of each month. Containing as they, do the evidence of the reception and deposit of the wliole revenue derived, from customs, the early and frequent rendition of this class of accounts to the department, and their equally prompt examination and settlement at the Treasury, has proved highly beneficial both to the governmerit and its officers, and cannot fail to prove a valuable safeguard against an unlawful retention or use of the public monies. The several reports heretofore submitted in relation to the balances due to the United States from collectors and others prior to April 1, 1853, will show the success which has attended my efforts to close these long-standing accounts. A final report now in readiness will be transmitted forthwith. In my report of last year, some suggestions in reference to the earlier return and settlement ofthe accounts of disbursing agents, superintendents of lights, and agents of marine hospitals, were offered for your consideration, which, together with that concerning the custody of collector's bonds, I beg leave to renew. With the highest respect. Lam your obedient servant, , H, J . ANDEESON, Coinmissioner ofi. Customs. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, • . Secretary ofi the Treasury. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 145 No. 40^. REPORT OF THE F I R S T AUDITOR. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, First Auditor's Ofiice, November 9, 1855. SIR: In compliance with the request contained in your letter of the 16th ultimo, the following report of the operations of this office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855^ is respectfully submitted: Accounts adjusted, viz: Collectors of the customs, Collectors under the steamboat act, Collectors and disbursing agents of the Treasury, Official emoluments of collectors, naval officers, and surveyors, Additional compensation of collectors, naval officers, and surveyors, - - - - - . - - - - . . Claims for the refunding of duties illegally exacted, Claims for net proceeds df unclaimed merchandise, The judiciary, _ > _ Interest on the public debt, - Treasury notes presented for funding and redemption, Eedemption of United States war bounty scrip, Claims for propertv lost in the military service of the,United States, - • Inspectors of steam vessels for travelling expenses, &c., Salaries of officers of the civil list paid directly from the Treasury, - ' - ' Claims for the redemption of United States stock, Superintendents of lights, Agents of marine hospitals, . Commissioner of Public Buildings, Contingent expenses of the Senate a n i House of Eepresentatives, and of the departments and bureaus ofthe government, Coast Survey^ - . -. The Treasurer of the United States, for general receipts and expenditures, . The Treasurer ofthe United States, for pay and mileage ofthe members of the House of Eepresentatives, -. Designated depositaries for additional compensation, Construction and repairs of public buildings, The Territories, Disbursing clerks, for paying salaries, Disbursing agent of California land commissioners, The Mint, Withdrawal of applications for patents, appeal cases, &c., Miscellaneous accounts, Number of accounts recorded, . _ Number of letters written, -. 10 1,715 235 594 275 3 1 628 5 532 61 9 9 57 162 947 568 314 381 151 532 33 4 3 14 555 38 275 2 45 4 455 8,689 5,512 146 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. In obedience to instructions of the Comptroller of the Treasury of December 6, 1854, predicated upon your letter to that officer, dated November 21, 1853, a copy of which was transmitted to this office, I caused to be prepared a docket of all of the then, outstanding debts of officers and others out of service, the settlement of which appertained to this office, excepting those subject to the revision of the Commissioner of Customs. Statements of the balances due, accompanied with explanations of the items in dispute, have been transmitted to the persons indebted, or to their legal representatives, in all cases where their residences could be ascertained, payment of the amount due demanded and ui'ged, and in the event of failure, the action of the office in the premises, together with all the information elicited by the correspondence, promptly reported to the Comptroller for his decision upon the propriety of instituting suit or otherwise, and whenever suits have been directed, the accounts of the officer or other person indebted have been prepared in accordance with the suggestions contained in your letter of November 21, 1853, before referred to, so far as they relate to the appropriate action of this office. The correspondence of the office respecting the collection of these? outstanding debts was commenced on the 15th ofJanuary, 1855, and from that date to the 30th pf June last two hundred and sixty-six letters were written. . I n twenty-five cases final settlements have been made, covering the sum of $61,066 56; and in seventeen cases the balances have been diminished in the sum of $26,599 45, making an aggregate reduction of $87,666 01. For a general outline of the duties of the office I beg leave to refer to my report of November 1, 1854. The character of the employes in the office has been improved by certain changes made under yonr direction, and is now distinguished, generally, for promptness and efficiency in the discharge of duties reposed, as well as for a ready compliance with all established regulations. The present condition of the office is satisfactory, there being no arrearage in any branch of its business. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. L. SMITH. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE," ^ Secretary ofi the Treo^iiry, REPORT ON THE FINANCES.; 147- No. 41._ REPORT OF THE SiECOND AUDITOR. ; . TREASURY DEPARTMENT, , Second Auditor's Ofifice, Novemberl, 1855. ' '. SIR : In reply to your circular of the 16th ultimo, T have the honor to transmit herewith a statement showing an outline of the operations; of this office for the year ending June 30, 1855. In addition to which I have to state that all the settlements of money accounts have been recorded on the journal and ledgers of the office, which are kept up to the day ; and in the appropriation ledgers and journal equal exactness and punctuality are exhibited. The character of the officers of this bureau is quite satisfactory: They are punctual aud diligent in the performance of their duties, which are becoming daily more laborious in consequence of recent acts of Congress increasing the army and the pay o f t h e soldiers. To this cause is to be attributed also the arrearage which at present exists iri some- brariches of the business of the office. Yery: respectfully, your obedient servant, P . CLAYTON, Second Auditor. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE,. , Secretary ofi the Treasury. Statement ofi thc operations ofi the Second Auditor's Office cluring thc fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, showing the number of money accounts settled, the expenditures embraced therein, the number ofi property accounts examined a>nd adjusted, together with other dutics perfiormed pertaining to thc business ofi the office, prepared pursuant to instructions ofi the Secretary ofi thc Treasury ofi October 16, 1855. The number of money accounts settled is 1,951, embracing an expenditure of $6,768,213 37, under the following heads, viz: Pay Department of the army - $2,296,626 09 Quartermaster's Department of the army, disbursed on account of "^^ clothing of the army," ^^ contingencies of the army," and pursuit and apprehension of deserters . , . _ 829,670 08 Ordnance Department of the army - 1,177,554 03 Medical Department of the army _ 35,614 97 Eecruiting service of the army 49,654 83 Examination of national armories 5,950 31 Contingent expenses of Adjutant General's Department 80 39 Claims of States and individuals paid 114,926 24 Indian Affairs 2,214,^467 32 Military Asylum, embracing the adjustment of 648 accounts of deceased soldiers, paid to the asylum 43,669 11 6,768,213 37 148 REPORT ON THE, FINANCES. Property accounts examined and adjusted » .- 1,675 Private claims examined and rejected or suspended - 500 Eecruits registered _ . . „ 3,180 Eequisitions registered, recorded, and posted - 2,050 Certificates of military service issued to Pension Office - 1,802 Letters, accounts, and papers received, briefed and registered - 7,725 Letters written, recorded, and mailed .. _ „ 5,189 Dead and discharged soldiers registered _ ' ... _ 1^914 Private claims received and registered - 872 Statement of Indian disbursements in duplicate, under the act of June 30, 1854, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1854, comprised in 2,200 foolscap pages, and Statement of the same for the year 'ending June 30, 1855, as far as^ the accounts have heen received, embracing about 2,000 pages. Annual statement of the recruiting fund, prepared for the Adjutant General of the army. Quarterly reports of balances and changes in the sam-e, made tc Second Comptroller h j order of the Secretary of the Treasuryj, making 78 pages folio. Annual statement of ^*^contingent expenses of the a r m y , " transmitted in duplicate to the Secretary of W a r , for the use of the tvfo? Houses of Congress. Annual statement of contingent expenses of this office. List of balances of more than three years,, reported to th@ FirS't Comptroller. EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. 149 No. 42. [REPORT OF THE THIRD AUDITOR, TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Third Auditor's Office, November 9, 1855. SIR: Agreeably to the request contained in your letter of the 16tk ultimo, I have the honor to report the operations of this branch of the Treasury Department, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855. When I took charge of this office, on the 15th of September, 1854, the force employed consisted of seventy-one clerks, being eleven less than had been employed during the fiscal year previous. A large portion of the arrearages had been brought up by my predecessor, and the improvement in the condition of the office was so great that in my report to you of the 21st of October last, I felt justified in expressing the hope that accounts or claims thereafter received could be settled without material delay. It is proper, however, that I should say that at that time there were still some arrearages in some of the divisions of the office. The following facts, in detail, will show how far my expectations have been realized: FIRST DIVISION—BOOKKEEPERS, This division, having charge of the books containing the monetary transactions of the government connected with this office, haS' been kept actively employed. During the fiscal year there have been drawn out of the treasury $14,342,889 25, from which deduct 13,975,832 67, repaid, would' leave $10,367,056 58 as the nett amount drawn out of the existing appropriations made by Congress. I t may be proper to remark, in reference to the large amount drawn, that therein is embraced the transfer requisitions, thereby exhibiting the large amount of drafts and repayments, and yet but an inconsiderable portion of the amount actually paid into the treasury, arising out of the original advances made. From the register of settlements it appears that there have'been 3,210 accounts (including special statements) reported upon during the year, embracing disbursements amounting to $13,359,180 60, exclusive of claims paid through this office, amounting to $402,305 16, and making a total in settlements of $13,761,485 76, The number of requisitions registered during the year was -2,778 Counter requisitions - 836 Total - - - - - - - - - - 3,614 SECOND DIVISION—QUARTERMASTER S DEPARTMENT. In this division there have been received during the year 575 quarterly accounts of officers disbursing in the Quartermaster's Department of the army. During the same period there have been audited 643, (the excess of accounts audited over those received being some received 150 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. during the year previous,) involving the sum of $3,158,557 83. The number remaining on hand, unsettled, July 1, 1855, was 57. During the first quarter of the,present fiscal year, ending 30th September, there have been received 139 accounts, and cluring the same period 162 adjusted ; leaving undisposed of, at the close of the quarter, 34, all of which have either been disposed of during the month of October, or are now in hand, excepting three accounts suspended for explanations before adjustment. The number of letters written in this division, during the fiscal year, was 1,490. THIRD DIVISION—SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. In this division there were audited during the past fiscal year 771 quarterly accounts of officers doing duty in the Subsistence Department of the army, involving an actual expenditure of $1,326,507 56 The number audited since the 30th June to the 30th September, the close of the 1st quarter of the fiscal year 1855-'56, is 194, involving an actual expenditure, as above, of -. 634,866 24 Making a total of expenditures for fifteen months audited in this division of -, - 1,961,373 80 The whole amount of money involved in the above audited accounts, in the hands of officers for expenditures and transfers, is - 2,878,251 43 There remained on file, unaudited, on the 30th September, 56 accounts of officers, involving the sumof $143,529 26. These accounts are now in process of settlement. In addition to the settlement of accounts, a set of books are kept in this division. Number of letters written during the year 753. FOURTH DIVISION—PENSION DEPARTMENT. To this division is"assigned the keeping and settlement of accounts of pension agents ; the claims on account of arrearages of pensions^ and for due and unreclaimed pensions for a period exceeding fourteen months, and therefore payable at the Treasury ; and the preparation of reports to the different departments connected with the pension claims, involving the whole correspondence pertaining thereto. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, there were received and recorded by this branch of the office 1,617 letters. Of letters written there were. ,- 2,477 Of calls for information, from the Pension Office, &c., received and answered, there were - . - 1,380 Of pension agents' accounts received and settled, including all on hand on that day, _ _ _ _ 207 Of pension claims received and settled, or otherwise disposed of, there were _ . - _ 608 The agents' accounts involved the expenditure of $1,740,413 97 The pension claims an expenditure of 22,935 04 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 151 On the SOth September, there were of pension agents' accounts on hand and unsettled, - • 1 Of pension claiins on hand, 3 FIPTH DIVISION—ENGINEER DEPARTMENT. To this division are asmgned the accounts of all officers and agents disbursing under the orders of the Engineer and Topographical Engirieer Bureaus of the War Department, and the accounts of such officers and agents disbursing under the special direction of the War Department as are transmitted to this office for settlement. Accounts ofi officers and agents ofi the Fngineer Bureau. These embrace expenditures for the construction and repairs of fortifications ; for surveys and improvements of harbors on the Atlantic, and of rivers emptying into it; and all works of harbor and river improvement on the Gulf of Mexico; for continuing the Washington aqueduct.; and for support of the Military Academy. Accounts of officers and agents qf the Topographical Engineer Bureau. These enibrace expenditures for military and geographical surveys; for surveys of the northern and northwestern lakes; for surveys in reference to military defences.of the frontier, inland and Atlantic; for surveys of routes for a railroad from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean ; for construction of military roads; and for all works of harbor and river improvement on the lakes; and for improvement of the Mississippi river and of rivers emptying into it. Accounts of. officers and agents undzr thc specicd direction ofi the War Department. In these are embraced expenditures for surveys of routes for a railroad from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean; for the construction of certain military roads; for the extension of the United States Capitol', for removing the present dome over the central portion of the Capitol, and the construction of one upon the plan designed by the architect of the Capitol extension ; and for the continuation of the post office building. The number of these accounts that were on file in this division, unadjusted at the commencement of the fiscai year ending June 30, 1855, was .The number received during that year was^ _ >. « 196 268 And the number for adjustment was, therefore, Of this number there were adjusted, during the year, - - 464 368 And the number remaining unadjusted at its close was - - 96 152 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The three hundred and sixty-eight accounts adjusted within the year involve the sum of $5,183,385 22, including the unexpended balances remaining in hands of disbursing officers and agents. In addition to the number of quarterly accounts unadjusted on the 1st of July last, viz: There had been received up to the 1st of October, instant, Making an aggregate of Of this number there were adjusted, between the 1st of July and the 30th of September last, And there remained unadjusted on the 1st instant, - - 96 53 149 126 23 Of this number but eight pertain to periods prior to the second quarter of 1855, and the adjustment of these is within a few days of completion. The number of letters written in this division during the year is 225. This division, you will observe, was materially in arrears at the commencement of the last fiscal year. Since then the force has been increased by the temporary addition of two clerks transferred from the quartermaster's and miscellaneous divisions, which, in connection with the diligent efforts of the head of the division and the clerks thereof, has resulted in bringing up the arrears. Hereafter the current work will be kept up by the regular force of the division. SIXTH DIVISION—MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. Within the last fiscal year there have been presented for the action of this division, of claims of all descriptions, - / 617 Of that number there have been acted on and disposed of, 584 Leaving undisposed of, - - - - - - . 33 The number of letters and reports written and recorded in this division was 1,208. In addition to the claims referred to above as undisposed of, there are a number of claims for horses lost in the military service of the United States, for supplies furnished, &c., to which I made particular reference in my last report. To what I then said I have nothing now to add. Many of these claims were received years ago, and must remain in their present condition without further legislation. During the year the settlement ofthe accounts of Generals Bennett Eiley and E. B. Mason, in reference to moneys raised and collected by them in California after the treaty of peace with Mexico, and before the State government went into operation, commonly known as the ^^civil fund of California," have been brought to a close, the final legislation having only been obtained at the last session of Congress, The amount involved in these accounts was upwards of one and a quarter millions of dollars, and in their adjustment much time and labor were necessarily employed. The total sum allowed on account of claims is $419,646 37.- This REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 153 includes awards made by the board of army officers on claims for supplies, &c., furnished the battalion of Colonel J. C. Fremont, in California, the expenses growing out of the war with the Eogue Eiver Indians in Oregon, together with various claims settled under special acts and resolutions of Congress. SEVENTH DIVISION—SOLDIERS' CLAIMS AND BOUNTY LAND DEPARTMENT. During the past fiscal year 1,530 communications relating to pay, pension, and bounty land claims were duly investigated and disposed of, including claims of widows and orphans under acts of March 16, 1802, April 16, 1816, and the first section of the act of March 3, 1853, (McEae's volunteers,) which are executed in this office. Ofthe entire number of claims presented 61 w^ere allowed. The amount of money involved in the payment of the claims allowed was $4,447 24, There were also 10,821 bounty land cases, together with 631 invalid and half-pay cases examined and certified to the Commissioner of Pensions. Upwards of 200 mutilated muster-rolls, embracing more than 23,000 names, were copied, compared, and filed away for preservation. Since the 1st July, and up to the 30th September, embracing the first quarter of the current fiscal year, the work on this division has materially increased, in consequence of the great riumber of bounty land cases sent by the Pension Office for examination. During that period 5,8,42 bounty land cases, with 108 invalid and half-pay pension pases, have been examined and certified to the Commissioner of Pensions ; 473 communications relative to pay, pension, and bounty land claims have also been received and registered at this office, most of which have been disposed of. The number of letters written during the year in this division was 2^531. EIGHTH DIVISION—COLLECTIONS. To this division is assigned the collection of outstanding baLances on the books of the Treasury so far as appertains to this office. This division was first organized by my predecessor, under your instructions, and strenuous exertions have been made to reduce the amount of outstanding balances. A large proportion of these balances are the accumulations of many years, and. running back anterior to the year 1820. In many of these cases the debtors have deceased, become insolvent, or removed to parts unknown. Every effort has been made, by means of circulars, letters of inquiry, &c., to ascertain the residence and circumstances of those living, or the legal representatives of those known to be dead, and as fast as ascertained a correspondence is opened. This manifestly must consume considerable time. At the commencement of the last fiscal year the outstanding balances were as follows: On account of arrearages prior to 1820 - $2,869,453 65 Charged on the current books since 1820 3,324,159 46 Total - - - - - - 6,193,613 11 154 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Of the amount due on account of arrearages there had been sent to the agent of the treasury for suit, prior to the year 1826, transcripts of accounts amounting to $2,158,018 64, which being deducted from the total of arrearages prior to 1820, would leave an outstanding balance of $711,435 01. From the long period of time this balance has been permitted to remain, and the difficulty, as before stated, of ascertaining the residence of many of the persons charged, and the probable death and insolvency of others, I fear there is but little prospect of realizing any considerable portion ofthe above. During the last fiscal year the amount collected from this class of balances was $13,000 08. Ofthe amount due on the current books, viz : - $3,324,159 46 There was in suit and in the course of prosecution, under the direction of the Solicitor of the Treasury, the sum of 1,475,906 62 Balance for adjustment and collection - - - 1,848,252 84 Of this balance a portion is for advances from officers and from the treasury, for the disbursement of which no accounts and vouchers have been rendered.; a considerable portion for suspended charges, the vouchers for which were sent back to the parties for explanation or correction, but not returned; and a portion charged to the personal accounts of officers, the expenditure having been made by their orders, but not authorized by law or the regulations of the War .Department. Some of these balances are in controversy between the persons charged therewith and the accounting officers. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, the balance on the current books has been.reduced in the sum of $307,725 76; eight transcripts of accounts prepared and reported for suit, vnth a brief of the facts in each case; 415 letters have been received, and 757 written, in relation to the business ofthe division, and recorded. The business of the division during the fiscal year, and its condition at the end thereof, may be thus briefiy stated: Total balance June 30, 1854 - $6,193,613 11 From which deduct amount closed by settlement and payments into the treasury during the year - 320,726 64 Amount in suit in course pf prosecution under the direction of the Solicitor of the Treasury 3,633,924 26 3,954,650 90 Balance To which add amount charged to officers, during the year, reported as having ceased to disburse, and who have accounts and vouchers in process of adjustment - 2,238,962-21 Total balance outstanding 2,349,705 31 - - - - - 110,743 10 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. :0f which, occurred prior to 1820 - - - 155 - Leaving, of balances since 1820 and outstanding. June 30, 1855, - ' - $698,434 13 1,651,271 18 More than half of this amount is charged against officers and agents entrusted with the public funds, without being required to give bond and security, the only security being their personal responsibility. In such cases, when the officer goes out of service, or becomes insolvent, or dies without estate, the government is left without remedy for the recovery of the amount that may be found due on a final settlement of his accounts. On an examination of the foregoing, together with a comparison of the present condition of this office with what it has been in former years, I trust, sir, you will agree with me in the opinion that it is not only in a healthy condition, but better prepared to dispatch the business by law committed to its charge with promptness and dispatch than at any former period for a number of years. In connexion with this, I invite your attention to a tabular statement appended to this report, showing the number of quarterly accounts of disbursing officers and agents of the War Department, on liand and unsettled, on the SOth day of September of each year for the years 1850, ' 5 1 , '52, '53, '54, and '55,, respectively; also, when said accounts were received. From that statenient it will appear that there are now on hand and unsettled in this office only 114 quarterly accounts altogether, of which number all except 9 are for the first and second quarters of the present year. At the corresponding period for last year there were on hand 268 accounts, of which nuniber 19 had been received the year previous, and 22 the second year previous. At the corresponding period for 1853 there were on hand 340 accounts, of which number 124 were received during the year previous, and 42 the second year previous. Whilst there thus appears this steady improvement each year on the year preceding, for the last three years until now, the accounts are as closely settled as they can well be ; prior to 1852 the process of accumulation had been going on at such a fearful rate that on the SOth of September of that year there were on hand, unsettled, 2,359 accounts, of which number 1,111 were received during the previous year, and 219 during the second previous year. Indeed, amongst those reported as received during the second previous year were many accounts running back for a period of five years and to the Mexican war. On the 17th of March last I received from you a communication relative to complaints of delay in the Treasury Department in the settlement of accounts of disbursing officers of the army, and especially , calling my attention to 'Hhat part of the report of the Secretary of W a r which accompanied the late annual message of the President, beginning with the fiftii paragraph on page 2 1 , " so that measures might be taken for reiiiedying the evil complained of. Steps were imniediately taken to carry out this request. It appeared, on investigation, that no particular cause of complaint existed either in the quartermaster's or subsistence divisions in this office. In each of 156 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. these divisions the accounts were about as closely settled up. as it was possible for them to be under the regulations of the War Department, During the preceding year the accounts had usually been settled, with very few exceptions, during the quarter next succeedins: their reception from the office of the Quartermaster and Commissary General; and these exceptions were generally in cases where the accounts were intimately connected with those of the disbursing officers whose accounts had not been received, and to which it was necessary to have reference. In such cases, of course, the account received would have to be laid over until the absent accounts reached this office. Whatever of delay existed from causes other than those enumerated, was by no means entirely attributable to this office. The prevailing sentiment I know is, that for whatever delay exists in the settlement of accounts after they are ^^rendered," the accounting officers are entirely chargeable, but such is not the case. By the regulations of the War Department the accounts of disbursing officers are required to be sent direct to the chief of the appropriate bureau in the War Department, where they are retained for ^^administrative exaniination," prior to being sent to the Treasury for settlement. It has not unfrequently happened .that these accounts were delayed in the bureaus of the War Department, awaiting, their ^^administrative examination," aswell as in the Treasury awaiting settlement. But the engineer division in this office was found to be materially in arrears, partially growing out of a want of proper force aud an accumulation of business, and partly from the irregular manner in which the accounts were transmitted to this office. It appeared, on investigation, that not unfrequently four, six^ and even more quarters ofthe same officers' accounts were received at this office at one time from the Topograpical Bureau. Coming to this office in this irregular way, it is not surprising that the same irregularity has existed in their transmission hence to the Second Comptroller. Much more time was consumed in the investigation and settlement of accounts running for so long a period than would have been necessary had each cjuarter been transmitted by itself The system of aggregating accounts is objectionable. Each quarter shpuld be settled by itself and at as early a date as practicable after the expiration of the quarter. Accordingly, on the 1st of April I directed the chiefs of divisions, at the close of each quarter, to make out a list of the names of officers whose accounts are, by law, due at this office, and transmit the same to the chief of the proper bureau in the War Department, informing him that said accounts are due at this office and have not been received, and requesting him, if received there, to send them here for settlement at an early day. For the last three quarters this course has been observed, and I flatter myself, with the co-operation of the chiefs of bureaus in the War Departnient, who, I know, will render all the aid in their power to facilitate promptness in accounting, that hereafter there will be little or no cause for complaint. While it gives me pleasure to say that most of the disbursing officers ofthe army having accounts to render are prompt in rendering their accounts, and responding to statements of differences by furnishing explanations or additional evidence, as may be required to secure conformity to regulations, there are, nevertheless, some instances of inat 'REPORT ON THE . FINANCES. 157 tention and failure. During the last four quarters, commencing with the 3d quarter, 1854, there have been reported to the Second Comptroller as having failed to render their accounts for the respective quarters within the time prescribed by law, as follows : 3d quarter, 1854.—Quartermasters - 29 Do. Commissary Subsistence - 18 Do, Topographical Engineers - — — 47 4th quarter, 1854.—Quartermasters - 19 Do. Commissary Subsistence - 13 ' Do. Topograpical Engineers 2 — 34 1st quarter, 1855.—Quartermasters ^- 16 Do/ Commissary Subsistence - 11 Do. Topographical Engineers 4 31 2d quarter, 1855.—Quartermasters - 14 Do. Commissary Subsistence - 15 Do. Topographical Engineers 4 33 It is to be hoped that the efforts of the Treasury Department to> bring about a reform in the settlement of the accounts of disbursing officers of the War Department with as little delay as possible, thus bringing the expenditures and the settlement of the same closely together, wili be met with a corresponding spirit on the part of those h4ving the accounts to render. It is certainly their interest, as well the interest of the government, that vouchers rendered for the disbursement of public money should be- acted upon in as short time as possible after the disbursement is made. In case of suspensions or disallowances, an early opportunity will then be presented for reconciling differences and correcting errors while the transactions are yet fresh in the memory, and they are, therefore, the better able to furnish the necessary explanations or proof Moreover, the true condition of officers' accounts will be known to themselves and to the de-r partments, a matter as important to the officer as to the government. Until within the last year or two no special information has been furnished this office of the resignation of officers of the army ; and within that time, say from the 8th March, 1854, until the present time, forty-seven officers, of all grades, have tendered and had their resignations accepted by the President. The aggregate indebtedness ofthese officers is $43,281 12. Immediately on the receipt of tlfe notice of the acceptance of the resignations of officers their accounts are taken up for settlement, to ascertain the balances due from them, with a view to a final adjustment of their accounts, and to recover the balances into the Treasury. Much difficulty has been encountered and a great deal of time is lost in obtaining a knowledge of the residence of these officers, which cannot at all times be ascertained from the office ofthe Adjutant General, and which renders it necessary to resort to expedients to accomplish that object. Paragraph 42 of the Army Eegulations of 1847 prescribes the 158 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. course to be pursued on the tender of an officer's resignation, and seems to have in view some restrictions, but which are not defined, nor is there any penalty or contingency fixed to intervene betweeri. the acceptance of an officer's resignation, notwithstanding he may have unsettled accounts and be largely indebted to the United States. The working force of the office at the present time is sixty-eight clerks, being three less than at the date of my last report. Although the business of this office has been constantly augmenting, no additional force is asked for. The gentlemen employed in the office are diligent in the discharge of their offi.cial duties, and have earnestly and efficiently seconded my efforts to transact the public business committed to it with punctuality, accuracy and dispatch. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. EOBT. J . ATKINSON, Auditor. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury. Tcdjular statement exhibiting thc number ofi quarter yearly accounts ofi disbursing officers and agents ofi thc War Department, presented ai thc office ofi the Third Auditor ofi thc Treasury Department fior settlement in thc three years preceding thc 30th September ofi each ofi the years 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854 and 1855, and which remained unsettled, and the years, respectively, in whieh they were received ; compiled firom thc official reports Received during the year. 1850 185118521853 18541855 - 381 1,153 1,029 174 162 105 Pceceived du- Received du- Total on hand ring the year ring the second unsettled. year previous. previous. 713 432 1,111 124 • 19 9 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Third Auditor's Office, November 9, 1855. •726 315 219 42 22 — , 1,820 1,900 2,359 340 268 . 114 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 159 No. .43. REPORT OF THE FOURTPI AUDITOR. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Fourth Auditor's Office, October 26, 1855. SIR : ^In compliance with the request contained in your letter of the 16tli inst., I have the honor to report the operations of this office for the 3^ea.r ending on the SOth of June last, the general outline of its duties, the official demeanor ofits officers, the mode of doing, and the present condition of the business, as follows: The duties of this office are to audit and state all accounts and claims growing out of the naval service of the United States, embracing the accounts of pursers, navy agents, navy pension agents, naval storekeepers, timber agents, paymaster of marines, &c. This office also settles the accounts of the several lines of steamers employed in the foreign mail service under contract with the Navy Department, All requisitions for the purpose of drawing money from the Treasury for the transfer of money from one head of appropriation to another, and to cover into the Treasury money refunded on account of the navy, are registered in this office. The allotments .granted by the officers and men in the naval service are also registered here. Various other duties, more or less incident to the above, necessarily devolve upon this office. During the year ending on the 30th of June last, there were one thousand ^nd forty-three accounts settled in this office, which embraced minor accounts to the number of one hundred and forty-two thousand two hundred and sixty-three, each requiring much care and, not unfrequently, considerable labor in its examination and adjustment. These settlements involved disbursenients amounting to fifteen millions one hundred and fifty-two thousand two hundred and sixty-seven dollars and twenty-nine cents. The balances against jDcrsons who left the service, or ceased to disburse, previously to, or during the said fiscal year, standing on the books of this office, were reduced, by settlements or collections, in the course of the year to the amount of one million two hundred and eleven thousand two hundred and fifteen dollars and' eighty cents, making the amount of reductions of said balances, since my report of October 1, 1853, over three millions ofdollars. The number of letters received and registered during the year is five thousand two hundred and seventy ; and the nuniber writteii and recorded, including reports to the different departments and their bureaus, is five thousand four hundred and nineteen. Seventeen briefs were made out in cases intended for suit, and recorded. Two hundred and sixty-nine accounts were reported, journalized and posted ; one thousand and forty-seven requisitions, and one thousand two hundred and seventy-two allotments of pay left by officers and men in the naval service, were registered during the year. This office is charged also with the duty of preparing yearly a statement showing the amount received by each officer of the navy, during the fiscal year^ 160 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. on account of ^^pay," '^rations," and ^^travel," which requires an exaniination of all the rolls and quarterly returns made to this office by the several pursers. . An extraordinary amount of labor has devolved upon this office in consequence of the act of Congress entitled, ''^An act in addition to certain acts granting bounty land to certain officers and soldiers who have been engaged in the military service of the United States." Approved March 3, 1855. The applications for bounty land under this act made to the Conimissioner of Pensions by the officers and seamen who have served in the navy ofthe United States, in any war in which this country has been engaged, since 1790, are referred to this office for examination and report ofthe services ofthe applicants. Upon this branch of duties, for a great portion of the time since it commenced, three and, up to the 16th inst., four clerks were employed. During a short period, one half of the force of the office was employed upon it. This business alone would afford employment for six clerks. A general idea of the mode of doing business in this office may be drawn from the process pursued in the settlement of the accounts of disbursing officers of the navy. When an account is transmitted for settlement, an examination is made to ascertain if all the necessary papers, rolls and vouchers accompany it. A further investigation is then instituted to see if all the papers, &c., are in proper form and valid. Such as are not are suspended or disallowed and the officers informed of the fact. From such as are allowed the account is stated and, with the papers and a statement of disallowances, sent to the Second Comptroller for revision. When a claim against the United States is presented to this office, an examination is made to see if it had been presented before, if it had, what disposition had been made ofit, and ifit had not, then to ascertain if the office contains evidence of its validity. If the claim is found to be just, proof of the claimant's identity is required. When the necessary evidence has been furnished, an account is stated, which, with a certificate of allowance, is sent to the Second Comptroller for revision. Immediate payment of balances found due the United States upon the settlement of accounts is promptly required. Owing chiefly to the great increase of work, caused by the bounty land applications before referred to, the regular business of this office has, to some extent, unavoidably fallen behind. It is hoped, however, that when this pressing demand upon the labor of this office is gotten through with, that the regular business will be speedily brought up, and that the miscellaneous searches required, in order to furnish information and instructions asked by various persons both in and out of the navy, in different parts of the United States and the world, can be more readily made. The demeanor of the officers employed in this branch of the Treasury Department is characterized by promptness and fidelity, evincing abundant capacity in the discharge of their respective duties. I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, A. J . O'BANNON, Acting Auditoi\ Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Seo'-ctary of the Treasury. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No: 44. . 161 - REPORT OF THE F I F T H AUDITOR. . . . TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Fifith Auditor's Office, November 1,1855. * SIR : I have the honor to state, in compliance with your letter of the 16th ultimo,' that for the fiscal year ending SOth June last, with a force of seven clerks, the number of accounts adjusted at this office amount in the aggregate to 783, and were of the following descriptions, viz: ' • Of our ministers and secretaries of legation abroad, our commissioners to China-and the Sandwich Islands, bankers at London, on whom many of the ministers arid their secretaries, draw for their salaries, &c. - Of consul general in Egypt. Of consuls in China, who, in addition to their disbursements for the relief of destitute seamen, are paid compensation authorized under the act of Congress of August 11, 1848, for judicial services. Of consuls at Tripoli, Tunis, and Tangier, who, in addition to the customary expenses of their consulates, receive a salary of $2,000 each. Of consuls in Turkey, viz: Constantinople, Smyrna, and Candia, who incur expenses for the pay of a dragoman, interpreter and guard at each, &c. Of consul at Beiroot, in Syria, for salary. . Of consul at Basle, in Switzerland, for office rent. Of consuls and commercial agents in foreign ports, who, under the old system, have received no salary except the consul at London, but made disbursements for the relief of destitute seamen. These accounts were numerous, and required the closest examination in their adjustment. Of our citizens, for indemnities, awarded to them under treaties with foreign governments. Of the citizens of Oregon, for services and losses sustained by them . • in wars with the Cayuga Indians. Of commissioner and others on the boundary survey between the United States and Mexico. Of the disbursing agents of the State and Post Office Departments, for the contingent. expenses, &c., of the same, transmitted and adjusted quarterly. Of the Commissioner ofPatents, relative to the contingent expenses of his office; agricultural statistics, &c.,'transmitted and adjusted quarterly. . Of the agent of the Census Bureau, (Department of the Interior,) for arrearages due on account of the seventh census. Of the claims of owners or masters of vessels for bringing home seamen put on board their vessels by our consuls in foreign ports. In addition to the foregoing, S91 letters have been written on the business of the office, and books kept for recording the adjustments of the accounts, and for the letters written. 11 162 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. In reply to the enquiries contained in your letter as to the improvement, if any, which has taken place in the character of its officers, and the mode of doing and the present conditioii of the business of this office, I have to state that the business being divided among its officers, as directed by the thirteenth section of the act of Congress of August 26, 1842, and each one feeling responsible for the portion assigned to him, the business has been carried on with entire satisfaction to all concerned. I have the honor to enclose herewith a statement for. each of the clerks, showing what accounts remain on their desks at the present time unadjusted, and the reasons of the delay. The business- of the office will no doubt be considerably increased under the act of Congress of 1st March last, for remodelling the diplomatic and consular systems of the United States, and will require an increase of force to keep it up, but at present I am not prepared to say to what extent such increase should be made, or to suggest any changes in the laws or regulations under which the business of the office is conducted. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,, T. M. SMITH, Acting Auditor. Hon. JAJ\IES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury. ' . REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 163 No. 45. REPORT OF THE SIXTH,AUDITOR. OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY FOR THE POST OFFICE DEPARTI\IENT, " • November 20,^ 1855. SIR : As requested by your letter of .the 16th ultimo, I have the honor to subniit the following report of ^Hho'operations of this office for-the past year." . " The Exctmincr's Division, consisting of the principal and thirty-fiour clerks, has examined and adjusted the quarterly accounts of about 24,000 postmasters per quarter,, as follows : ' _For the.Oj^uarter ending September SO, 1854 '' '' December 31, 1854 '' • March 31, 1855 June 30, 1855 - - - . - _ - 23,209 23,255 24,015 23,251 > , Making an aggregate of domestic postal accounts examined and adjusted during the year of 93,730, which have also req'uired the stating, entering, and transmitting of 13,326 error accounts by three . clerks, whose whole time is devoted to this work. . • Po.stal accounts with Great Britain, Prussia, Bremen, and other foreign governments, are also adjusted in this division by a competent accountant with prompt regularity, neatness, and clerical skill. An experienced examiner is exclusively employed in re-examining ^ the domestic accounts at random, in order, to detect the errors of examiners ; and two others are employed in receiving, entering, and pa.ssing .the accounts to the examiners. Before the passage of the act of 3d March, 1855, one clerk of this division was sufficient to keep the stamp accounts of all the postmasters in the United States, but those provisions of that act which require prepayment of all (except foreign) postage, from and after the 1st July last, 2.ndi prepayment by stamps from arid after the 1st of next January, have trebled, if not almost quadrupled, the number of stamps used, and rendered absolutely necessary the employment of three additional clerks upon this branch of the public business. The general business of the division has been performed,to my entire satisfaction, and the accounts, numerous, and often illegible as^ they'are, have been carefully examined and adjusted, punctually, . within the time required by the laws and regulations of the department. The Register's Division, comprising the principal and eight other clerks, has analyzed and registered the accounts, punctually, within the first 20 days of the quarter in which they were rendered. Thd entire work of the division has been promptly and satisfactorily performed. . The Bookkeeper's. Umsi'o^i, consisting of the principal and eleven other bookkeepers, has in cha^rge the permanent records of the accounts of all the postmasters, contractors, special and other agents of 164 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. the department, and all others directly engaged in its service; amounting to more than 35,000 persons, and have kept them promptly jDOsted, and as promptly answered all calls for information made by Congress, the Postmaster General, or the parties interested in them. The Collection Division.—The principal clerk of this division is also disbursing clerk for the office, and has under his supervision seventeen other clerks, who are charged with the collection of the revenue from present and late postmasters. The' entire business of the division is in as good condition as could be desired, as is shown by the remarkable fact that, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, the aggregate outstanding balances due the department from all the postmasters who have become late since 1st July, 1845, has been reduced from $103,296 62 to $10,029 66, exclusive of cases in suit and those on the Pacific, and whicli have been referred to the Postmaster General for allowance of extraordinary expenses, incident to the establishment of our postal system in that.region, in pursuance ofthe provisions ofthe 4th and 5th sections ofthe act of 27th July, 1854. . • The P a y Division comprises the principal and tv/elve clerks, whose duties are of the most important character, viz: that of settling the accounts of contractors for carrying the mails and reporting them for payment to the Postmaster General. The division has adjusted and reported an average of 5,533 accounts per quarter, or an aggi-egate of 22,132 during the year. The accounts of contractors are adjusted and reported as promptly as the receipt of the proper data from the Post Offi.ce. Department, and its agents will allow. The Miscellaneous Division consists of the chief clerk of the office (who also acts as solicitor for the Post Office Department) and twelve other clerks. . 66 suits have been instituted and $13,898 21 collected by suit during the year by this division. It has also settled and paid balances due late postmasters amounting to $65,354 18; recorded the entire correspondence o f t h e office; settled and paid the accounts of 3,900 mail messengers and special contractors, of special agents, and contractors for mail bags, locks and keys, advertising, stamps, blanks, &c. • The labors of the office during the year may be recapitulated thus': Per quarter. in the year. Number, of postmasters' accounts examined and adjusted, . _ Number of accounts of late postmasters handled, Number of accounts of contractors andother agents. Total number of accounts adjusted and handled in the year, -' - 24,410 4,424 9,533 97,640 17,699 38,132 153,471 The regular correspondence of the office has amounted to 201,338 letters received^ and 128,402 sent in reply. 66,028 collection orders, and 13^326 error accounts, have also been issued; and a large amount REPORT ON THE FINANCES. .165 of labor performed in making reports and answering calls for information, which cannot be classified. The Board of Examiners for this office, organized under the provisions of the 3d-section of the act of March 3, 1853, regulating the appointment of clerks in the executive' departments, have, since the law went into effect, examined eighty-six applicants for clerkships, of whom sixty-one'lieiYe been passed as qualified, and twenty-five rejected as not qualified. The plan of these examinations marked out in my last annual report is still rigidly adhered to, and has, with your cooperation, materially improved-the character for intellectual and moral qualifications and faithfulness of the clerical corj)s of the office. .,, It will be seen from the foregoing statistics that the business of this office rapidlyand regularly increases, as our postal system is extended over the whole Union, but especially the new States and Territories; and it is well known throughout the department that the gentlemen employed here are compelled, by the inass of business constantly pressing upon them, to push their labors to a later period in the day than is usually required in other offices of the government, and many of them to a late hour in the night. I cannot too highly commend the zeal, ability, and indefatigable industry they have brought to'the discharge of their duties during the past year. Their number, I respectfully subniit, should be increased by an addition oi five, to meet the additional demand upon their labor by the provisions of ^^An act further to amend the act erititled ^An act toreduce and modify the rates of postages in the United States, and for other purposes,' " approved March 3, 1855, and the increase of the general business of the office. Kespectfully submitted. W M . ¥ . TBILLIYS, Auditor. Hon. JA]\IES GUTHRIE, Secreta/i-y ofi the Treasury. 166 - REPORT ON THB FINANCES. No. 46. REPORT OF THE SOLICITOR. OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY, November 16, 1855. SIR : Soon after the receipt of your letter.of the 16tli ult., requesting me to transmit to you, at an early day, my report on the operations of this officefor the past fiscal-year, giving a general outline of its duties, and the mode of doing, and present condition of its business, .&c., J directed the statements and tables necessary to furnish the information required to be prepared as soon as practicable. The completion of this work has been somewhat delayed- by a desire to get in the reports of the district attorneys and clerks for the fall terms of the courts, at which it w^as hoped and believed that many cases, which had been fully prepared for trial, would be finally disposed of As yet, all of them have not been received, but I do riot deem it proper to delay it longer. I have the honor, therefore, to transmit you, herewith, a series of statements, in tabular form, marked Nos. 1, 2, ,aiid 3, which show the progress and state of the business of the office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, in the several judicial districts of the United States. • Before giving a general synopsis of these tables, it is perhaps proper to say in regard to the general outline of the duties of this office, which you direct me to give, that a summary of them is to be found in the actof 29th May, 1830, establishing it, and are briefly, ^ ' t o direct and superintend all orders, suits, or proceedings in law or equity for the recovery of money, chattels, lands, tenements, or hereditariients, in the name and for the use of the United States. To have charge of all lands and other property assigned, set off, or conveyed to the United States in paynient of debts, and of. all trusts created for the use of the United. States, in payment of debts due them, and to . sell and dispose of lands assigned or set off to the United States in payment of debts. To instruct the district attorneys, marshals, and clerks of the circuit and district courts in all matters and j)roceedings appertaining to suits in which the United States is ia party or interested, and cause them, or either of them, to report to the Solicitor, from time to time, any inforrriatioii he may require in. relation to them. To report all moneys received or collected to the officers from whom the bond or other evidence of debt was received, and all credits allowed by due course of law on any suit' under his direction; and with the approbation of the Secretary of the Treasury to establish such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, for the observance of collectors, district attorneys, and marshals respecting -suits in which the United States are parties, as may be deenied necessary for the just responsibility of those officers and the prompt collection of the revenues and debts due and accruing to the United States." In regard to the mode of doing^ business, I observe that froiii the first establishment of the office it has been classified and kept in suit dockets, under the following heads, viz : • REPORT ON THE FINANCES. > 167 1st. Treasury transcripts, which includes all suits upon bonds and accounts of receiving and disbursing officers of the government adjusted and settled at the Treasury Department. 2d. Fines, penalties, and fiorfieitures.—This class includes all suits for the recovery of fines, penalties, and forfeitures for violations ofthe revenue laws. 3d. Miscellaneous suits, which includes all civil suits not coming properly within the first and second classes above mentioned. To the above dockets I now add a fourth class, embracing suits at law given to the office in charge, in pursuance of the order of the President, dated July 16, 1855, of which the following is a copy: '"'In all cases of suits at law arising in any of the departments the head thereof may, in his discretion, conduct the same with the aid of the Solicitor of the Treasury, or refer it to the A.ttorney General; and the Solicitor of the Treasury will, conduct tile cases so referred, under the supervision of .the ' Attorney General; and all questions of fees and costs arising in any case shall be determined bythe head ofthe department by which the same is conducted." In the early history of the office there was a separate docket kept for suits on ^^ custom-house bonds," or bonds taken under the credit -system, for duties on goods imported ; but since the passage ofthe act of August 30, 1842; requiring all duties to be paid in cash, this docket has been abandoned. ^ ^ The routine of business has been the same from the beginning. All the general regulatioris and instructions required by the organic, act have been prepared and printed, and copies of them kept in the hands of the officers of the courts'. They are deemed sufficient for the purposes for which they are intended, and my_ great effort has been to cause them to be promptly and fully carried out. I am happy to say that in the principal districts there has been a decided improvement within the past year, the ^ district, attorneys particularly being prompt and active, and evincing every disposition to do their whole duty. In some of the districts," however, where there is little public business transacted except the trial of indictments and prosecutions fqr offences, it is found extremely difficult tp obtain full and prompt reports from the officers of the courts. " - • The course of business is, when a judgment is reported on a suit in the first class, to give immediate information of its date and amount to the Comptroller qf the Treasury, or other officer from whom the bond or other evidence of debt was 'received, and under whose supervision the account was stated and adjusted, with a request to cause said account to be adjusted in conformity with the judgment rendered. And so when collections are made, the amount is required to be deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States in the nearest public depository, and a certificate thereof sent to this office, which certificate is immediately transmitted to the Comptroller, with a request to give the party of' whom it was collected the proper credit., Thus the whole accounting, computation of interest, &c., in regard to this class of suits, is done by the accounting officers of the Treasury. Docket entries are, of course, made- in this office of all these matters, so as to show the general state of the suit, but nothing more. In like .manner, when collections are. made in the other classes of 168 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. suits, the amounts are required to be either deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the-United States, as in the first class of suits; and a certificate thereof sent to this office, and placed in the hands of ^ the Comptroller, with a request to cause it to be covered to the credit of the'fund to which it is assigned by'law, or it is paid over to the collector of the district in which the fine, penalty, or forfeiture accrued, and his receipt sent to this office, which receipt is immediately placed in the hands of the Commissioner of Customs, so that said collector may be charged with the amount and held to proper accountability for the same. W i t h these explanatory remarks, I submit the following summary of the business of the office, taking the States or districts in the order in which they are usually called in congressional proceedings, the details of which are more fully given in the tables which accompany this report, numbered 1 to 3. Summary ofi the Business ofi the Office. Suits brought during the year. Districts. * Maine N e w Hampshire Massachusetts Vermont Northern 'NQ'N Y o r k . . . Southern N e w Y o r k . . . N e w Jersey Eastern P e n n s y l v a n i a . . W e s t e r n Pennsylvania .Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. .. Eastern Virginia W e s t e r n Virginia . . . . . North Carolina South Carolina . . . . . . . Northern Florida Southern Florida Middle Alabama Southern A l a b a m a ] . . . . Eastern Louisiana Texas Northern Mississippi .. Southern Mississippi. . . Eastern Arkansas W e s t e r n Arkansas . . . . Missouri , ,, Suits decided or otherwise disposed of during the year. Amount sued for. 17 35 3 14 543 1 23 $548 00 *i'3ii'26* 230,728 20 77,818 42 24,498 40 1,752 59,370 23,863 20 31 07 68 00 A m t . of j u d g m ' t s on suits bro't during the y e a r . 12 1 18 2 9 449 $776 34 . Amount of T o t a l a m o u n t O n suits b r o ' t On suits p r e j u d g m e n t s on • of j u d g m e n t s d u r i n g the viously bro't.' suits prev'sly year. during the brought. year. | 4 , 8 6 9 97 14,019 96 900 09 ^5,646 31 $14,019 96 900 09 *5,*995*33* 55,000 0 0 . 60,995 33 8,525 3 1 26,192 59 10,687 81 34,717 10,687 1,798 50,102 12,000 r , 636 2,034 400 1,798 .50,102 12,000 770 2;034 400 75 99 00 60 90 Ot) Collections during the year. 865 94 90 81 75 99 00 60 90 00 T o t a l collections. $776 34 $776 34 03 69 28 79 14,590 33 2,355 67 2,792 42 210,615 56 366 64 21,653 95 6,821 69 22,020 59 6,821 69 326 00 3,421 '8,555 2,599 11,145- 3,747 22 8,555 60 2,619 54 11,305 53 ' 2,507 240 . 2,276 122,617 30 98 14 77 20 00 159 87- $12,083 2,114 516 87,997 22 60 54 66 416 38 100 00 4,804 95 31,167 82 *2;667'85* 2,211 87 10,000 00 1,500 00 78,364 33 3,354 20. '"'is'so' 2,384 88 200 00 664 4,854 19,132 28,141 46 16 73 42 10,791 96 5,643 75 18,253 40 5,000 00 -984 16 460 32 3 30 5,643 75 29,045 36 5,000 00 7,558 5'5 11,858 67 19,417 22 984 16 3,454 20 18 664 6,862 19,132 28,141 30 46 01 73 42 2,384 88 200 00 460 32 3 30 O O o m ^ Nummary of the business of the o^ce—Continuedo O Suits brought during the y e a r . Districts. Suits decided or otherwise disposed of during the 3^ear. of Amt. of j u d g - A m o u n t m ' t s on suits j u d g m e n t s on bro't during suits prev'sly brought. the year. Amount sued for. Collections during the year. Total a m o u n t On suits b r o ' t O n suits preduring the viously bro't. of j u d g m e n t s year. during the • year. Total collections. tei Eastern Tennessee . . . , Middle T e n n e s s e e . . . . , Kentucky Ohio. :-. Indiana Illinois. Michigan , Wisconsin Iowa Northern California . . Southern California . . N e w Mexico ,... Washingtoh Territory $30 1,102 5,667 5,000 $49,847 20 1,203 56 5,032 66 3,500.00 14,362 18 9,602 62 73,371 83 800 00 00 94 71 00 4,602 62 $100 00 $30 00 $324 1,561 10,981 2;213 69 20 99 18 $354 1,561 16,185 37,388 69 20 03 99 13,795 65 11,693 40 $130 1,102 19,463 16,693 00 94 36 40 5,203 04 35,175 81 1,699 .39 14,233 60 1,121 37 1,699 39 14,233 60 5,723" 99 3,688 77 18,078 18 4,474 40 18,078 18 8,163 17 20,985 07 '4,'566*66* 1,275 00 5,775 00 '20 ,"985'67' 604 00 604 00 125,007 74 336,434 39 '2,*46r3i' O o td 2,461 31 o 436,722 17 Ul td-- 918 705,745 68 684 210,426 65 196,702 79 240,019 38 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 171 From the above summary it will appear that during the fiscal year "918 suits were brought. Of this number 32 were on treasury transcripts, (class No. 1.) to recover the sum of $410,118 5 0 ; 381 for fines, penalties, and forfeitures, (class No. 2,) reported to amount to |22,6^9 55 ; but as the mass of these cases are in rem, that sum does not give the amount actually involved, but only that portiori of it which is for the recovery of specific fines and penalties. The remainder of the suits brought, 505, aie of a iniscellaneous character, (class No. 3 ;) amount due reported to be $2*72,947 63. This class of suits is swelled by the large mass of suits brought in New York on warehouse transportation bonds, and suits brought by individuals against collectors of the customs to recover moneys alleged to have been illegally exacted from them for, duties on goods imported. Of the large nuniber of)suits brought during the year, 644 have been finally disposed of during the flscal year, as follows: 272 were tried and decided for the United States, upon which has been collected the sum of $196,702 '19 ; 92 were tried and decided against the United States ; 346 were dismissed or discontinued, and 26 remitted by the President or Secretary of the Treasury, making together 644 cases, and leaving 274 cases still pending and undecided. In regard to the large number of suits reported as dismissed or discontinued, it ois ,proper to say that it includes suits ori 259 warehouse transportatiori bonds in New York, in which the bonds were with-. drawii from suit by the collector, under instructions from the department; and most of the remainder were suits for fines and penalties brought against steamboats and small craft, their owners and navigators. Many of these cases depended upon the same principle, and the trial of one disposed of many others. With respect to the cases still pending at the end ofthe fiscal year, I have to say that many of them were fully prepared for trial at the fall term of the courts, and'many others were brought late in the year and returnable to those terms. When the reports of the district attorneys and clerks for the fall ternis shall all come iii, the .number pending will be greatly reduced. Eespecting the 4tli class bf suits mentioned in a previous part of this report, a docket for which has been opened in pursuance, of the order of the President, none are reported; because none w^ere actually given in charge of "this office during the flscal year. It will also appear that during, the year 26 judgments, amounting to $210,426 65, were obtained in suits on'treasury transcripts brought previous to the commencement of the fiscal year, and 14 suits of the same class otherwise disposed of; a n d t h a t there was collected in all classes of suits brought previous to the conimencement of the fiscal year, the sum of $240,019 38. The general result of the operations of the year is the final disposition of 684 suits, and the i3ollection on suits brought during the year of - ' - ' - $196,702 79 And on suits bronght previous to its commencement - 540,019 38 General aggregate^ - - - - 436,722 17 I have the honor to be, very respectfullv, vour obedient servant, • ,; " "^ F . B. STREETER. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Seaxtary of the Treasury. 172 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 47. TREASURY OF THE UNITED STATES, November 22, 1855. S I R : In compliance with your letter of the 16th ult., I have the honor to submit the following summary of the business of this office: There was covered into the treasury during the fiscal year ending SOth June last, on 4,739 warrants— For customs, lands, and miscellaneous Interior Department , W a r Department .....^ Navy Department-. ..'... Total $65,617,030 526,879 . 4,006,606 1,205,926 ,.... 16 89 89 27 71,356,443 21 The payments during the same period on 13,975 warrants, and about.the same number of drafts, were— On civil, miscellaneous, diplomatic and public debt. Interior Department W a r Department ; Navy Department • " . , On account and for the service of the Post Office Department, there was received at the several offices of the treasury ..;. , And paid on-6,137 post office warrants Balance to the credit of department at close of fiscal year $34,335,835 4,769,584 18,780,433 14,517,949 4^ 60 25 92 72,403,803 17 • $4,128,851 45 4,308,356 28 516 260 66 For facility and convenience of disbursements, and for greater se-> curity of the public money, you have caused to be issued within the year 1,590 transfer drafts, in amount ,$41,319,054 18, and the transfers have been conducted and executed with commendable despatch and satisfactory result. . < ' " ^ The operations of the money branch of this office continue to^give great satisfaction, not to myself only, but to .disbursing^ officers, government creditors, and to every class of persons having business to transact with it, especially the operations arising under the business extension of it, which you directed-should go into effect on the 1st July, 1853, (carrying out in spirit and in fact the Independent Treasury act bf 1846 ;) since which, they have gradually increased to important magnitude, as will be seen.by the following statement: The aniount of coin received and paid during a year ending the 30th September, 1855, averages, in and out, $1,261,792 66 per month. Treasury drafts .paid or passed t o t h e credit of disbursing officers number 1,423. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 173 The accounts now kept, with disbursing officers are 57, a n d ' t h e i r checks paid and passed to the debit of their respective accounts number 17,394, and amount to $7,093,208 85.^ _ The arrangement yoa were pleased to direct as a facility to the receipt of coin here, in exchange for drafts on New York, without expense for transportation, by causing the issue of regular.transfer drafts for $200,000 at a time in my favor, and the deposite thereof with :. the Assistant Treasurer at New York, subject to my check on ^' ^ transfer account,'' as required, commenced on the SOth January last, ancl has been highly appreciated by persons who desired to make such exchanges. . Under it, therehas been received in eight months, to the SOth "September last, $2,840,237 01;.the money for which each check Vfas drawn having been p'a^-d, as required, into the treasury here, before the check was drawn. ^ The checks drawn upon funds made subject to my check on ^'^^' transfer account'' and payment of ^^compensation" of members of the House of Representatives number 1,357. • The respective accounts of disbursing officers are usually settled, and their checks (paid) are cancelled and returned, with their settled pass-books, about once a month. The accounts with the Assistant Treasurer at New York, above referred to, are settled and the checks (paid) taken in once a morith ; and I am pleased to say that, thus far, not an error br discrepancy in any of those various accounts has arisen. Under your direction, a granite vault has ^een constructed, and in •.a few days will be completed, which will certainly insure the security of the moneys and valuables of the government, and Indian trust funds, placed'therein for safe-keeping. Eespectfully, : : SAM. CASEY, . ' Treasurer United States. No: 48. REaiSTER's;OEFiCB^, November 22, 1855. • SIR: In compliance with your letter of 16th October last, requesting me to,transmit, at an early day, my report on the operations of this ^office for the past year, giving a general outline of the duties, together with the improvements which may have taken, place in the -character ofits officers, in the mode of doing, a n i the present condition ofits business, I have the honor to submit the following : The business of this office has been divided into four branches— First. That pertaining, to the receipts and, expenditures of the United States; . ^ ^ Second. That to the public debt and loans; Third. To commerce and navigation; and. Fourth. To ^ the tonriage, registered and enrolled, of the United States. • . At the head of each of these divisions is placed a clerk, whose duty 174 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. it is to exercise a general supervision over the clerks of the division. In the first there are fourteen clerks; in the second, three; in t h e third, nine ; and in the fourth, two. The following is a summary ofthe duties of each, division, together with the mode of doing the business, its,present and comparative condition, presented in the order above indicated : First, as to the receipts and expenditures. In this division all the receipts and expenditures of the government are kept, excepting those relating to the receipt and disbursement. of the revenues of the Post Office Department. All the accounts settled in the First and Fifth Auditors' offices and the General Land Office, relating to the disbursements for the civil list, miscellaneous, foreign intercourse, and public debt, a r e ^ e p t in this branch; alsothe appropriation accounts of the several departments. All accounts for mon,ey due are copied for warrants to issue, and the warrants for the payment ofmoney for civil' expenditures, whether on settled accounts or advancements to disbursing agents, are also copied and entered in journals, in appropriation, and other ledgers, besides other books of registry. The warrants for expenditures in the Department ofthe Interior, (pension and Indian,) in the military and naval, .are registered and charged.in the various ledgers of appropriations. All warrants for the payment of money intb the treasury, whether for receipts from customs, lands, &c., or repayments, are registered in appropriation books, and posted irito various ledgers. The annual statement of receipts and expenditures of the United States, or, as it is usually styled, the public accounts, is prepared in this division, first in a detailed form, and afterwards condensed for publication. ^ To show the great increase of the business in this branch within a few years past, the following statistics are preserited, taking for comparison the year ending June 30, 1845, and comparing this year with the last fiscal year ending June 30, 1855: Expenditures. Receipts. The nuniber of treasury warrants issued in 1855 was , .' The number of treasury warrants issued in 1845 Avas Increase.. : • The number issued for all the departments in 1855 was. ., , The number issued for all the departments in • 1845 was •^' Increase... 8,625 3,120 3,493 1,036 5,132 2,084 13,961 , 4,639 , 7,734 1,81S 6,227 2,826 The number of journals and ledgers have a,lso proportionally in•creased, as follows: REPORT ON THE FINANCES. . In 1855 In 1845 ..' ; Journals. • 175" Ledgers of Appropriatiom* personal act's. ledgers. 3 1 5 2 6^ 3 Increase. The number of personal accounts (exclusive of auxiliary ledger) in 1855 was : The number, of personal accounts (exclusive of auxiliary ledger), in 1845 was. 2,374 641 Increase. The number of appropriation accounts in 1855 was The number of appropriation accounts in 1845 was Increase. , 1,442. 807 635 I t w i l l be perceived, from the number of warrants issued at the periods selected, t h a t t h e great increase has been in this branch ofthe office, where the personal accounts for those expenditures are kept. The public accounts show the same increase, the volume for the latterperiod being about twice the size ofthe former. The causes of the increase of labor in this division are, first, the act of 3d March, 1849, requiring all receipts from customs, lands sold, &c., t o b e paid into the treasury without abatement, and the expenses attending the collection of the same to be paid out agaiii;. second, the great increase of specific appropriations. It is supposed that the establishment of the Court of Claims, and the act of the last Congress in relation to the salaries of ministersand consuls, will add very much to the labors of this division. The statistics for the volume styled ^^Receipts andExpenditures," will be ready by the meeting of Congress, unless the new item directed, by your letter of August 6, last, to be prepared for this work, in. regard to the emolument accounts of collectors, naval officers, and surveyors of the customs, from 1840 up to the SOth June last, m a j defer its completion for a few days. This additiO/Ual item will furnish some two hundred and fifty pages of additional matter, but the clerksare diligently engaged in compiling these statistics also. In the second division, usually styled, the. Loan. Office, the daties^ assigned to this branch are, the issue, redemption, cancellation, and preservation of all certificates of the United States stock, embracing the loans of 1842, 1846,'1847, 1848, Texan, Mexican, and Spanish indemnity, and. bounty land, keeping separate books for each separateloan, requiring, at this time, no less than nineteen ledgers. For the: five loans first named, there are now open 2,537 accounts; the issue of bonds, filling up coupons, and, when redeemjed, preserving them, and. when paid, amouriting annually-to more than 21,000, posting them, numerically in books kept for the purpose. o In this branch are kept the books containing the account of the funded 176 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. •and unfunded debt; also, the unclaimed dividends, a copy of which is regularly furnished to the Treasurer of the United States for payment, arranged in alphabetical order, stating to whom due, when and where payable, the amount, and iinder which loan ; also, the schedules of" dividends payable semi-annually, and copies forwarded to the different government pay agents, stating the amounts,' to whom payable at each depository. This division examines and acknowledges the receipt, of all powers of attorney for the transfer of stock, and for the payment of interest, ^ record of which is kept in a book stating by whom given, to whom, and its date and general power—^3,991 of which are s-till in force— alphabetically arranged and vowelized; copies of which have been furnished to the First Auditor and Comptroller, by which they are governed in the settlement of their accounts. All the correspondence incident to this business is prepared in this branch. In the third division, pertaining to commerce and navigation, there ;are nine clerks, three of whom are engaged on commercial statistics, one on the entries and clearances of vessels, their tonnage, &c., one in keeping the impost book, register of customs, custom warrants, and steamboat accounts, ene in keeping the customs ledger, one the files, and in furnishing information therefrom, one on statistics, and <one charged with the general supervision ofthe correspondence, registry of letters and commercial papers, and in answering calls for information j in which, when necessary, he is assisted by, the clerks •generally. " ' A number of changes and improvements were introduced at the commencement of the past fiscal year. Aniong the most prominent was the alteration of the forms of the abstracts of imports and exports, by which they are rendered more comprehensive, and include many articles heretofore not enumerated. In addition to this, a supplementary register, showing the aggregate imports and exports, from and to each district, has also been, added. These, with'the separate. returns of articles under the reciprocity treaty, and the resumption of keeping the accounts of the indirect trade of the country, form the principal features of the chariges during the last fiscal year. Another change, dr improvement, introduced also, is that of preparing and publishing a quarterly statement of the commerce of the country. Under the old system of keeping the books, this would have been impracticable; but, in order to effect this end, I directed that the transactions of each quarter should be proved separately, which -can be done soon after the end of the quarter, unless prevented by the tardiness of some of the collectors. , ~ . These changes and improvements have not been effected but by increased labor pn the part of the clerical force employed; but it has 'been met by them in a spirit of cheerfulness, particularly as they see in the efforts thus to improve and systematize the duties of the divi^sion, increased facilities for. the discharge of their duties. The decided instructions from the head of this department, requiring collectors of ^customs to send in, immediately after the. end of each quarter, their quarterly returns, has contributed more than anything else towards facilitating the completiori^of the quarterly statement ofthe commerce REPORT ON, THE FINAK^CES. 177 of the country ; for this is the starting point, and a want of promptitude on the part of collectors would, of necessity, delay this whole business. , Under instructions from the Secretary of the ^Treasury,, for merly given, vs^here collectors of the customs, at the end of each quarter,, might delay making their returns, requiring me to write them immediately, bringing the fact to their mind, and where they still neglected to make such return an unreasonable length of time, to report such delay to the Secretary, since the reception of such instructions, each collector, upon any unwarrantable delay, has been immediately written to, urging him forth vdth to forward his abstracts. The returns are now, as a general thing, made with reasonable jiromptness, and the clerks are not hindered from making the entries now, as w^as the case when I first entered upon the duties of my office. , Through, the facilities thus afforded-r-the improvements above indicated, the promptness, efiiciency, and industry of the clerks on this branch of business--I have been enabled to complete, for the printer, the statistics of commerce and navigation at an earlier day than ever furnished before. This year they were reported up on the 13th 0,ctober. The times at which these statistics have been annually reported are shown in the letter of the Secretary of October 12th ult., notifying the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives of their completion. In the fourth division are kept the tonnage statistics, from which is compiled that ^portion vvdiich forms part of the annual Report of Commerce and Navigation. . The tonnage accounts of the several collectors of the customs -are rec'eived by this brarich, examined and corrected, and proper entries made thereof in books kept for this purppse. All ships' registers and papers are transmitted by it, and all registers surrendered in t h e several • districts .are entered in books kept for this purpose, and are afterwards pasted into books for preservation and reference. The following synopsis of the books, v/itli the nature of the entries ma.d& therein, indicates the character of the business of this 'division, morespecifically: . ^ Book No. 1, contains the tonnage by districts. Book No. 2. The tonnage by districts, by States, and the United States', from 1804 to 1855 ; also the vessels burnt in each "district. Book No. 3. Abstract statements in reference to the tonnage. Book No. 4. Statement of vessels built each year. . Book No. 5. Statement of vessels lost each year. Book No. 6. Statement of vessels condemned each year. Book No. 7. Statement of vessels sold to fbreigners. Book No. 8. Statement of vessels ; margin-book, being a record of ships' papers issued in one district and surrendered in another. Books Nos. 9 and 10. Record of ships' papers, registers and enrolments issued to the several districts, which are credited when surrendered. The business of each division of this office, and each and every desk, is kept well up, and I am happy to be able to report that the whole clerical force under my charge have discharged their duties with 12 178 REPORT ON THE .FINANCES, promptness and fidelity. In fact, nothing less than the utmost diligence and industry on their part has enabled me tb report so favorably in regard to the business operations of the past year, and the present condition of the office, -In conclusion, permit me to suggest that there should be a change of several clerks in this division, from second to third class' clerks. And there should, at least, be allowed me two clerks of class 4. I n the several bureaus ofthe Treasury Department there are nine clerks of class 4: six of these are in the office of Auditor of the Post Office Department, two in the Treasurer's office, and one in the Solicitor's office. In the General Land Office there are, of class 4, five clerks, Pension' Office four, Indian Office three. Now the duties of tliese^ ^clerks can be no more arduous than that of a number in my office, ;and yet there is not one of class 4 assigned me. Many of the clerks in this olfice, in order to bring the business up \to its present standard, have been required to give unremitting and unreasonable application to their duties, not even being allowed a respite of a few weeks during the whole year ; and, as an act only of simple justice, Congress should, at least, provide for a remuneration corresponding with those engaged in no more arduous duties in the ..other departments. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^ F . BIGGER, Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, . Secretary ofi Treasury. Statement showing the amount ofi m.oneys expended at each custom-house in thc United States, during thefiscal year ending June 30, 1855. District. quoddy Maine..»». Macliias do Frencbman's Bay. - - do .„ = . . . . Penobscot... do......= Waldoborougii d o . . . o ^„. Wiscasset do......Bath...do... Portland and Falinonth do . Saco : do Kennebunk „-= do......= York »o , . do....... Belfast do . Bangor. do Portsmouth New Hampsbire. Vermont Veriiiont ; Newburyport Massacbugetr.8 . Gloucester,.-»..... do Salem and Beverly do Marblehead do - . . •\ Boston „. - o.. do — , » . . Plymouth-.-'-.. .do ,.. FallRiv.r, do.. Barnstable „ do ... Collector. Bion Bi-adbiiry.-o D. W. Dorman . . T. D. Jones R. H. Bridgham . E. Wilson John Babson G.H. Bodfjsh... Ezra Carter, j r . . N. M. Towle..„.. J. Cousens . .» = -o L. Junkins E. K. Smart.-.-. G. P. Sewall Z. Clement..---, D. A. Smalley -oJ. B l o o d . . . . . . . . Wm. H. Manning E.F.Miller..... W. Bart6ll-.\„«. C H . Peaslee .»o E. P. Little P. W. Leiand . . . S. B.Phinney.... Amount. $27, 482 2, 544 4, 870 4, 966 00 77 79 10 ^. 64.6 61 6, 733 78 10, 936 89 32, 3.22 55 > 1. 233 43 776 51 653 38 5, 948 34 7, 886 95 11, 983'03 15, 252 94 5, 370 71 6, 874 26 23, 815 16 ' 2, 552 19 300, 016 50 3, 313 81 2, 885 27 11, 005 94 REPOET ON THB FINANCES. 179 STATEMENT—Contimied. District. Collector. C. B. H. Fessenden . Ne\Y Bedford Massachusets J . T . Pease... Edgartown ---rdo.. E.W.. AllenNantucket do Providence .Rhode Island... G. Bradford G. H. Reynolds.,-.. Bristol and Warran... do G. Turner I o... Newport do ... Middietown...:. . . Connecticut... Wm. D Starr . . . . . . New London . . . . . , „ . . . d o . . . . . . . . Henry Hobart New Haven . . . . . . do . . . . M. A. O s b o r n . . - . . . . Fairfield .do ....'. Wm. S. Pomeroy . . . Stonington d o . . . . . . . . E. Chesebro Sackett's Harbor . . . . . . New Y o r k . . . . . T . S . H a l l Genesee do - . - - . . . . J. C. CampbeU Oswego. . . . . - - . . . . . . . ^ d o . . - . . . . . E. B. Talcott Niagara d o . . . . ^oc- = A. V E. Hotchkiss.. Buifalo d o . . . . . . . . J.T. Hudson....... Horace Moody.. Oswegatchie do S. L. Gardiner...... Sag Harbor -... do H . J . Redfield , New York do Henry B Smith Champlain . - . „ . . . . . - , do...» Cape Vincent . , — . . » . : . . . . d o . . . . Alfred Fox Dunkirk ^..--. d o . . . . . . . . H . P . Wballon Perth Amboy New Jersey . . . F . W . Brinley Wm.^S. Bowen Bridgetown. do Burlington :— . . . do . . . . J. A. S h e r r a d . . . . . . J. W. M i c k l e . . . . . . . ,Camden . . . . . . do Great Egg H a r b o r . . . . . . . . . d o . . . - - - . . T. D. Winner . . . . . . . S. Wiilitts...»\. Little Egg Harbor.,...do E.T. Hillyer....... Newark ..do Phil adelphia Pennsylvania... Charles Brown James Lytle , Presque Isle : do J. Hastings . Pittsburg. . - - . - . - . . . do Jesse Sharpe Delaware Delaware Baltimore . . - = » - . „ . - . . . Maryland . P. F. Thomas . . . . . . Annapolis .o„„oo do . . . . James Sands Oxford do i.. R.B. Willis........ G. A. Z. S m i t h . . . . . . Vienna .do J. R. Thompson . . . . , Town Creek do C. Pennington , Havre de Grace do Georgetown District of Columbia Robert Wbite . . . . . . . Wm. M. Harrison.. -. Richmond ..Virginia Norfolk do. =. o „ . . . S. T. Sawyer G. T. W r i g h t . . . . . . . . Tappahannock do J. S.Parker Cherrystone do P. J. Barriza . . . Yorktown -do Petersburgh . \ . . . . do , A . D . Banks.E. S. H o u g h , . - . . . . . : Alexandria •.?.--'^ do Gordon Forbes Yeocomico Ai^ do'. A. J. PanneLoooo-... Wheeling =' .do Camden North Carolina .. L. D. Starke Edmund W r i g h t . . . . , Edenton do •. Piymouth -^.... d o . . . . . . ^. Joseph Ramsey H. F. Hancock Washington .do, .. Newbern d o . . . . . . . . T. S. Singleton d. S. Dewey..."Ocracoke.... - do Beaufort = do— . J . S . Gibble Jaraes T. Miller Wilmington ' do. .• Charleston South Carolina.. W \ F . Golcock Thomas L. Shaw Georgetown . ...do Beaufort . d o . . . . . . . . B R. Bythewood . . . . Amount. $8,509 014,648 10 2,995 09 14; 867 84 - 5,633 75 5,341 60 2,514 07 14,918 22 18,589 19 1,843 21 1,951 97 7,688 17 ' 7,509 16 25,495 21 10,758 50 17,217 09 7,404 41 777 58.' 961,688 60 13,7.36 57 8,159 62 877 83 3,962 86 , 322 82 177 53 288 93 856 10 792 22 2,054 24 246,824 66 1,126 37 2,674 83 19,754 27 111,953 73 929 20 259 79 1,059 27 166 62 154 50 3,341 71 7,212 73 53,266 30 1,682 56 463 63 ^- 569 74 5,846 99 5,773 00 150 00 774 09 , 648 47 338 71 516 45 468 87 1,140 20 2, 380 97 '511 38 16,202 55 58,263 4 1 ' 458 66 . 250-00 180 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. District. Collector. Savannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia...... St. Mary'g d o . . . . . . .>. Brunswick . . . do........ Mobile .. Alabama Tuscumbia do .... Pearl River .Mississippi Natchez do -. Vicksburg , do Pensacola Florida.'. *.... St. Augustine do Key West do St.'Mark's . . . d o . . . . .» = . St. John's do .... Apalachicola-.. - „ , . do .... Bay Fort do........ New Orieans Louisiana Teche „ . . . do Texas „. Texas Saluria •. ..do........ Brazos de Santiago do........ Paso del .Norte ,. do Miami Ohio....... Sandusky ,-. do Cuyahoga ....' do Cincinnati do........ Detroit Michigaii . . . . . Michilimackinac do. Chicago.Illinois Alton do.......Galena...-....,.-.. do Quincy : . do *^Cairo d o . . . . .00Louisville . . . . . . . . Kentucky.... Paducah..-. do.., St. Louis Missouri Nashville 1 Tennessee.... Memphis do .... Knoxville do.. Evansville Indiana Jeifersonville ...do New Albany . do .... Milwaukie Wisconsin Dubuque...... Iowa Keokuk ,. do Burlington ... „.. do Minnesota ..« Oregon .„..-.. Umpqua San Francisco Sonoma San Joaquin „„ Sacramento „. „oo San Diego o-„-. =0-. Monterey ... John Boston J. A. BarraUe .-.„ = , Woodford Mabry Thaddeus Sanford... James W. Rhea D. W^. Johnston .»- = Edward Pickett D. Walker .... Joseph Sierra .. Paul Arnan John P. Baldwin . -». Hugh Archer ... James G. Dell George S. Hawkins.. John E . Johnson...c Thomas C. Porter.-« R. N. McMillan.'.... H. Stuart D. M. Stapp J. H. Durst C. ShermaHoo-.oooo J.Riley J. A. Jones.-Robert Parks S. B. W. McLean... J. H. Harmon J.A.Wendell W. B. Snowhook .lohn Fitch-'. D. Wann T. Bennesson J. S. Harker.. Ii. N. Sands , William Nolen WiUiam A. Linn J.Thomas E.DashielL..-..-., P. Nance. J. Hutchinson F. R. Lewis o„-.-. . J. B. Norman John White D. A. Mahony William Stotts Philip Harvey.P. Beauprie.-o... John Adair A. C. Gibbs. R. P. Hammond L. B. Mizner J. M.ScofieJd.^.... Charles C. Sackett. 0. Witherby.Isaac B. Wall...»-. Amount. $40,172 22 789 n 650 15 44,363 78 226 3<5 601 13 733 17 709 90 2,952 21 1,555 00 9,43.6 8^ 4,749 5'J 3,969 49 5,959 40 83 65 202,711 03 969 81 10,086 28 10,279 45 27,874 99 3,058 66 2,376 79 3, 053 84 6,164 75 6,569 25 23,899-.^/i 1,991 75 7,389 15 1,911 92 468 36 1,732 40 1,755 27 163 33 4,6i2 03 1,626 13 1,189 55 1,14.9 65 560 60 97 22 403 86 5,087 37 278 90 • 288 18 350 00 1,7.22 93 8,856 09 2,261 66 651,347 93 \ 16, 542 00' 12,331 00 4,198 48 10,751 55 10,222 73 3,356,106 59 ® No acccEat settled. F, BIGGER, Register, TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, Novamb&r 24, 1855, REFORT ON THE FINANCES. 181 Statement of the number ofi persons employed in each district of the , United. States for the collection of customs, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, tvith their occupation and compensation, per act March 3, 1849. Districts. Occupation. a =3 Passamaquoddy, Me. • Freocliman's Bay.. Penobs€osfc. Waldoborough. •Wiscasset.. .Bath. Collector. » Surveyor Inspectors do. '. .- ......do »=. Weigher and measurer.-» do do ........„-, Deputy collector..^ .-., Aid to the revenue. ^ Boatman do... Collector............o Inspector do Inspector and deputy collector Inspector -1. Boatman Collector , Deputy collectors and inspectors . . . - - . do.do Inspector , vVeigher, measurer; and ganger...-^ Boatman '. Collector Deputy collector and inspector do do ..r.ido .do Depnty collectors ., Inspector.:.. ;.Collector Deputy collectors and inspectors Inspectors ^ .do.......;! .....do... do -„. .....do..... Collector...Inspector do---do do %......... -..-do Measurer CollectorInspectors, weighers, gaugers, and measurers Inspector, weigher, gauger, and measurer. Inspector , ..--.do ..-..do -. .....do....... .....-- $3,000 00 1,723 21 1,095 00 957 00 730 00 947 92 680 69 730 00 720 00 360 00 240 00 922 38 730 00 547 50 50b 00 250 .00 225 00 1,250 62 1,095 00 300 00 730 00 69 41 "600 00 1,212 89 895 0.0 800 00 . 1,095 00 730 00 150 00 1,962 11 1,095 00 936 00 850 00 350 00 300 00 348 00 914 34 1,095 00 ' 1,065 00 912 50 500 00 494 00 250 17 2,702 08 1,500 00 1,499 1,095 650 , 600 500 61 00 00 00 00 -182 •REPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. Occupation. ai O CO C u P, o S ^ Bath—Continued . ^.. . . Portland and Falmouth. ' Saco Kennebunk York . Belfast Bangor. Portsmouth, N . H . Inspector ....do.--.. Collector Deputy collector and occasional weigher, gauger, and measurer -. -.. Surveyor Weighers, gaugers, and measurers.... Inspectors Occasional inspectors do -Aid to inspectors : , do I: Night inspectors Clerk.... : ..-do Porter -•-. Boatmen ..-.do .-.-..Collector Inspector „ ...do Aid to^ the revenue .. ..i Collector Deputy collector, inspector, &c Inspectors Collector ...,. Deputy collector Inspector Collector... Inspector... -...do.... .-...-do ...do Aid to the revenue -. do Measurer Gauger , .....do.... Collector .• Deputy collector and inspector. do do Weigher, gauger, &c do.. do Weigher, gauger, and measurer. Aid (to the revenue Collector Naval ofiicer Surveyor . Deputy collector and inspector. do do Inspectors i ...do ....do ----do.-„o--- - «« $350 00. 250 00 3,000 00 1,500 00 1,514 61 1,500 00 1,095 00 1,095 00 861 00 338 00 64 00 514 00 800 00 600 00 350 00 311 00 86 25 375 97 500. (10 401 50 75 00 207 00' 600 00 56 00 281.40 / 213 10 120 00 1,478 13 1,095 00 ,1,083 00 722 00 726 00 864 00 54 38 82 78 45 72 36 24 2,500 69 1,095 00 1,068 00" 1,362 20 1,500 00 1,242 54 150 00 573 21 • 398 75 431 84 730 00 200 00 1,095 00 500 00 . 360 00 300 00 183 KEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Contiuued. .2 2 Districts, Occupation. a ^ PH O s «* Forlsmouth—Continued .. Vermont, Vt. Mewburyport,- Mass. Gloucester . Salem and Beverly . 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 7 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .1 1 2 2 1 Occasional inspector Occasional inspectors aud night-watch. , do do 1.... . . . . . . do do - -. Inspector and measurer Weigher, gauger, and measurer... Collector -». Deputy collectors and inspectors . do do .do. .do., .do. .do., .do., .do. ......do .do. Deputy collector . do... Deputy inspector. do..:...... do do.......! ......do do.......... Revenue boatmen do..... Porter Collector Surveyor..... ,.o...do -. .Naval officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gauger Measurer o -.. Inspector --.. do....do......do... 1 -.... Occasional inspector Boatman Collector... .. Surveyor . . Inspectors...-. -.do do..... Weigher, gauger, and raeasurer. . . . . . . do do Boatman Collector .. . 1 — -Deputy collector -ai Clerk Naval officer Surveyor — ....l.do. Inspector doo. A...... .do.... . - . - - . d o . . - - O- « O - . - O . . - O . O . . « ^730 00 547 .^0 58 50 100 00 1,207 27 1,193 85 1,090 84 912 50 452 50 375 00 600 00 .500 00 360 00 300 00 375 00 - 375 00 250 Oi) 500 00 400 00 360-00 240 00 180 00 240 00 100 00 681 43 498 41 250 00 422 09 132 24 237 36 1,068 00 , 882 00 816 00 201 00 555 00 320 00 2,177 78 737 25 ' 1,095 00 300 00 150 00 837 02 771 62 240 00 2,021 66 i;000 00 930 00 1,305 64 957 42 293, 31 1,095 00 945 00 927 00 924 00 184 REPORT ON THE PINANCEBv STATEMENT—Continued, fl fl o ^.1 "TS Districts. P- >» fl o O Inspector -.= .....do........................ do..-., Salem and Beverly- -Continued. do.o..--o=- 1.-...--- do Weigher aad gauge? - - - -, . . . -. do , do 1 Measurer , do........................ Boatmen .-.. Laborer and assistaiit storekeeper. Collector ... Surveyor .„.......--. Inspectors.... . . . . o.o».. . - . - . Marbl^feead. . .-...-. d o . . . . . . - - . - . - . 0 - - ..do o---....--. Measurer..--.-.. ....Boatmeii „-....«............ do ...-.-..,.,.Collector ---...--.-,..--. Deputy collectors........1 Cashier ..-„-....-Assistant cashier .,-.... .o.-. Clerk...... BostoB md CMrlestown., d o . 9 10 4 2 - - - - - - o . . . - o o i - . C O - . - . .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. Superintendent of custom-bouse. ir. .'do. Naval officer DepBty naval officer.'. Clerk 9 4 5 56 1 2 21 6 1 o OccupatioHi. . 0-... dol do Clerk and messenger . . . . . . Surveyor Deputy surveyor . Assistant deputy and clerk.. Clerk.--: Messenger. .-... Weighers Gaugers .... -. Measurers..... Inspectors do ... ... do .---. Night inspectors Night watchmen Appraiser at large, ^ . , » - , ^. a <» $918 00 915 00* 906 00> 603 OO 294 00 1,252 li9> 1,264 57 1,264 98 1,069 88 48 97 300 00 684 00 647 50 354 83 388 OO 365 00 182 50 2.58 50 150 OO 100 00 6,400 00 2,500 OO 2,500 00 1,400 00 1,500 00 1,400 1,300 3,200 1,100 1,000 OO 00 00 00 GO 900 1,200 750 540 5,000 2,000 1,500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1,200 00 1,150 700 4,900 2,000 2, 000 1,500 700 1,485 1,485 1,485 1,095 800 700 600 600 2,500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 REPOET ON THE FINANCES. 185. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. ^ Occupation, ® a Boston and CharlestownGontinued. Plymouth. FallRiver. Barnstable. New Bedford , fl ^ <^xi P* o a 03 Appraisers ...=..„ Assistant appraisers... .»-.. Clerks .-..---. do o... do do Special examiner of drugs.- — , . . . Public storekeeper Assistant storekeepers - . - . . . do... do oClerk ..-.. do do... do...Collector I n s p e c t o r . . . . . . . . ..o do ......do -..-......_. do . -' do.....' Weigher...., Measurer. — o .'Gauger » Collector. •..--. Deputy collector, inspector, & c . Inspector, weigher, and measurer. do ^ do Weigher and measurer Boatman „ Collector. =. Deputy collector and inspector... do - - - . - . . do.. .do. .do., .do. .do.. .do. ;do.. Inspector ....do : ....do .-..do.. ....do Clerk , Collector , Inspectors —. = Clerk......... Inspectors, weighers, gauger•s, & c . Inspector and measurer Inspector .-..do ....do. ....do ...-..-... Boatman ...--. Aid to tbe revenue..... do..,o-odQ -o $2,500 00 2,000 00 i,4ro 00 1,200 00 1,000 00 800 00 1,000 OO 1,400 00 1,400 00 1,100 00 1,095 1,400 1,095 900 800 506 1,095 800 600 300 160 80 15 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 07 00 24 1,024 76 975 24 620 58 558 82 73 31 300 00 1,666 13 911 00 863 00 796 00 625 00 500 00 639 00 507 00 687 00 400 00 336 00 200 00 2,962 00 • 1,095 00 800 00 1,500 00 162 00 .^44 00 102 00 117 00 99 00 420 00 240 00 228 00 186 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. 33 (X) P t >-, Occupation. d PM p. o S '=' o ® a Edgartown . Nantucket. Providence, R. I . Bristol and Warren. Newport. -, - Collector Inspector.J. ...do ,...do...... '.---.. ....do Temporary inspector Boatman ,...do Collector ^. Deputy collector and inspector Inspector Boatmen Collector .«. Clerk Naval officer. , Surveyor, Providence - -. Surveyor, .East "Greenwich..... Surveyor, Pawtuxet Inspectois, coastwise . . . . , . . . . Inspectors, f o r e i g n . . . . . . . . . . ' . , Inspector, Pawtuxet Inspectors =.=. Weigher Gauger Measurer , ....do Boatman, Providence Boatman, Pawtuxet. Boatman, East Greenwich Collector , Inspector ....do -....do ....do o ....do --...-....do :. ....do. ..--..-.. Weigher ....do.... -..-.. Gauger ....do.^ Assistant storekeeper'...,. Boatman ....do -..Surveyor . . . ....do.. Collector Naval officer ., =, - . Surveyor ...» ..-.do. ....do.. ,. Deputy collector and inspector Inspector,-....--..;... = « ... . . . . d 0 o . - . . . . - O O ^ . - . . - - O . 00 1, 095 00 > 730 600 00 400 00 39 00 300 00 240 00 531 59 1,095 00 730 00 150 OO 1,719 71 600 00 790 00 769 35 250 00 200 00 547 00 497 00 ; 450 00 300 oo 1, 500 0() 386 28 1,500 00 785 11 300 00 330 00 132 00' 736 78 549 00 546 00 420 00 186 00 141 00 132 00 60 00 839 05; 322 09 274 '20 58 24 , 547 50 216 00 84 00 363 09 ' 309 16 . 346 55 467 85 445 13 250 00 200 00 549 00 549 00 546 00 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. 187 STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. Occupation. P. tt s ^ Newport—Continued. Middletown. New London . New Haven. Fairfield. Stoaington. Inspector Occasional inspectors * Occasional inspector .... do.... do -...,-do..-o--..do do do .^ Weigher Gauger ..-.. Measurer . .... Superintendent of lights . . . . . . . o .- — Agent of marine hospital o = =,»oo.-o---... Nigbt watch ". Boatman ^ ...do ...— ... Collector Deputy collector, inspector, &c,i ... Surveyors ,..„.„.. Inspector.:.. . . . o - o . . Inspectors Weigher .' Collector.. „..'. Surveyor Inspector, weigher, gauger, and measurer. . . . . do -. do do Inspector „ ....do --.--... .-..do : ...-•-. Boatman . Collector. . L Deputy collector and inspector Surveyor Storekeeper — .-.„: Clerk Inspector, weigher, and measurer ,. Inspectors, weighers, and gangers Inspectors..-., . . -..... ... ....do.. -..-do..---..-1 , D a y and night i n s p e c t o r , - . . - . , Aid to the revenue . . . . • .o-.do..... Night watcb do .-..: ...--.do .-.-.-do -.:.-Keeper of revenue boat Collector Inspector, measurer, weigher, and g a u g e r . do do o... .do... do do : . . . . . - . . do.. Temporary night watch ^.. Collector Surveyor Inspeoto^rs . „..—-o $400 00 165 00 180 OO129 OO 288 72 26 31 60 00 192 24 .50 73 264 25 4 71 11 25 450 00 270 00 617 29 500 00 300 00 500 00 , 300 00 29 16 1,982 59 305 72 650 00 632 72 600 00 ' 2 5 0 00 100 00 296 27 3, 000 00 1,095 00 831 14 500 00 700 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1, (195 00 72 00 60 00 933 00 48 00 386 00 . 158 00 220 00 , 236 00 238 00 300 00 985 27 1,209 20 177 00 105 00 4 00 858 73 150 00 500 00 188 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Occupation. ' Districts. •fl ^ Pl o fl OD Stonington—Continued. Sackett's Harbor, *N. Y.. Boatman .-..do Deputy collector and inspector do do Aid to the revenue • Nigbt watch C do -§>-. Temporary inspectors do do Deputy collector and inspector , , d o . . . . . o . . . . do do. o. o. o do Boatmen Collector.. -.-.do.-... Deputy collector and inspector do do Aid to the revenue do do......do.-....do.--- -.-. ...do......do -.--. . . d o . - - . . . do „o do do. -o.oCollector Deputy collectors Inspectors. — ...do ...do ...do o ...do .--..---.. Clerks ..-.do Magara. Buffalo Creek. -..-.-^ : -.. -. , -.. o-..: ....do , ; .-.do House inspector Clerk Aids to the revenue. o.—.--.... do do Night-watch ....do. : ...do Boatman Collector .-.. Deputy collector ......do Deputy collectors and inspectors.... do do.--Aids to tbe revenue - -.., Inspectors Clerk : Warehouse inspector Night-watch „, Deputy collector and inspector,...., Collector... ,.-„.. , $216 00 144 00 730 00 640 00 730 00 547 50 365 00 730 00 547 50 547 50 300 00 250 00 300 00 717 80 784 24 900 00 730 00 547 50 365 00 138 00 320 00 730 00 ,37 63 961 84 1,000 00 730 00 500 00 300 00 365 00 410 62 730 00 676 00 600 00 486 00 730 00 624 00 488 00 306 00 365 00 366 00 229 50 300 00 1,368 00 900 00 365 00 730 00 400 00 730 00 730 00 730 00 365 00 365 00 . 365 00 1,954 23 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. 189 STATEMENT—Continued. <& Districts. (V p. --^ Buffalo Creek—Cositinued 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 Oswegatchie:. 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1' 1 1 1 1 Sag HarborNew York. 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 19 1 8 2 63 8 -4 2 2 1 6 1 1 1 Occupation. Deputy coilector . do .-.--.do.-. do -.1 --- do......... , do do Inspector .--.do.-.....do , do , do Aid to the revenue. ..-. .-...do..--.-do .o Night-watch Boatman Clerks Collector — Deputy collector and inspector. do.00 . do. -do', ,.....do. .do , do. -do , do. .do . do. .do. Inspector..-. Watchman .' Aid to the revenue , . Boatraen and night-watch. -. Collector ».---...-.., Coastwi(?e inspectors--.--. . Inspector . Collector . . . 1: Deputy collectors.. - Auditor Assistant auditor. Cashier ...,» Assistaut cashier Clerks --,. Clerk .^-...-...._ Clerks . . - . - ' .--do ...do........ .. .do .- -do ...do ...do... Keeper ofthe custom-house . Watchmen, .do Fireman..---..--... Porter.----, o . . . . ; -... Porters. - - - - . . . , - - - . . — . = . Messenger.. o —»oo.«a«.. o. 1,000 00 771 OO 510 00 728 00 140 59 279 16 341 60, 1,000 00 857 00 555 00 744 00 822 00 500 GO 439 12 730 00 300 00 912 50 1,460 10. 837 59 50O 00 450 00 400 00 463 75 376 21 1,003 50 730 00 730 00 730 00 240 00 696 63 -273 00 102 00 6j 340 00 2,500 00 4,000 00 2,500 00 2,500 00 2,500 00 1,500 00 1,400 00 1,200 00 1,100 00 1,000 00 900 00 800 00700 00 600 00 1,000,00 547 50 156 00 547 50 300 00 480 00 300 00 0 190 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Occupation. Districts. «+H P. O g p.-g I' o Messengers. New. York—Continued.,.. CO <V fl PH $600 00 Naval office. 1 3 1 7 3 5 25 4 3 3 1 Naval officer Deputy naval officers. Clerk..-..do ..do......do ..do ...do .do...—.......... ...do Porter - 5,000 00 2,000 00 1,500 00 1,400 00 1,200 00 1,050 00 1,000 00 9ii0 00 800 00 . 400 00 500 00 Surveyor's office. Surveyor . . ^. - . . . Deputy surveyors. Clerk ...do............ ,.odo... ...do Porter and messenger. 4,900 2,000 1,200 1,100 1,000 700 600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Appraisements. 1 3 5 1 6 11 1 9 2 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 7 2 97 2 General appraiser Appraisers Assistant appraisers Clerk :..do :....--. ...do.-.--... ...do ...do --....do..---..... Samplers Storekeeper Storekeeper's clerk .-.-......do.-..--... .-...--.-.do do...^.--. Special examiner of drugs. Laborers -..do,-.. -....do d o . - - —o.-.-.do ....do 2,500 00 2,500 00 2, 000 00 1,500 00 1,300 00 1,200 ,00 1,150 00 1,000 00 800 00 800 00 1,200 00 1,200>;0 1,000 00 900 00 800 00 2,000 00 780 00 702 00 650 00 624 00 546 00 520 00 Puhlic warehouses. Deputy coUector and storekeeper. 2,500 00 191 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. * o a) P^ >> Occupation. ^ ^p, P. O ^a Q? O New York—Continued., 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 89 1 1 3 2 1 3 40 10 4 51 1 19 18 Champlain., ©ape Vincents oo 17 2 193 75 ' 4 , 2 11 18 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 26 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 Auditor . :. 1 . Warehouse superintendent., Warehouse 'register , Clerk.......... ., Assistant storekeeper. do. o... Clerk....: ...do....-L...... ...do.:...,-.. .-.do.• ...do ...do...-.......:.. ...do.......---......-.. • Captain of the watch -. Lieutenants of the watch... Watchmen Laborers .-.-do.-..-. .-.. ....do Weighers .^. Assistants Gaugers... ^ , Assistants Measurers ..-.. Assistants to markers Inspectors .Night inspectors —.. Measurers of passenger vessels..... ., Measurers of wood and marble , Debenture clerks, . ..., . Bargemen , Deputy collector and inspector at Albany. Inspectors at Albany Surveyor at Albany Deputy collector and inspector at Troy Surveyor at Troy Tempoi-ary aids of tbe revenue Collector Deputy collectors and inspectors ..---. do do — do,,.o do do .do..-. —. ...-'-. do do Deputy collector and clerk Deputy collectors and aids ..L-..do do „ Deputy collector and clerk . . ., Boatman —..o-.. .....^-. ....do.--...^--....--..-.„.... .--.do.-.. .-.„....-.-,.... Collector . - . . .i .---...'. . Deputy collectors and i n s p e c t o r s . . : . . . - . . Deputy collectors..--. — ,..— . — . — . . . $2,400 00 1,800 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,400 00 1,200 00 1,490 00 1,200 00 1,000 00 900 00 800 00 61)0 00 500 00 800 00 650 00 547 00 780 00 750 00 650 00 900 00 1,485 00 600 00 1,485 00 600 00 1,485 00 600 GO 1,095 00 547 50 1,095 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 600 00' 1,095 00 . 1,095 00 150 00 1,095 00 250 00 182 50 1,050 7i 750 00 600 00 550 00 500 00 400 00 600 00 . 600 00 . 400 00 600 00 240 00 180 00 120 OO 1,014 00 730 00 547 50 192 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ST ATEMENT—Continued, Districts, Occupation, fl ^ fl- cd Gape Vincent—Continped, .Dunkirk . Perth Amboy, N . J . Bridgetown....... Burlington , Great Egg Harbor. Little Egg Harbor. Newark...... - - -. „ C a m d e n . . - . . . —„. Philadelphia, Penn, Deputy collectors . , . .. do... Aids to the revenue Temporary inspector Boatman Collector and inspector.... Deputy collector and inspect©r. do do do o do .... Collector . Deputy collector and inspector. Surveyor ^Inspectors , ....do... ....do ....do Collector^ o .-.--, .--.do. Deputy collector Collector .. Inspector ..•..., Occasional inspector .Collector Inspector —. ...-do...... ....do..-.. ....do.... - . Collector Deputy collector aad inspector Temporary inspector , Surveyor ..-.-.. Collector - — Deputy collectors , Cashier Clerk.---.\ . . . . . . . . .-..do ....do ....do ...do Keeper ofthe custom-house. . Messenger.-...-Watchmen -Laborer . . .....o $365 00 240 00 547 50 547 50 300 00 219 44 84 06 79 86 76 47 1,211 29 .600 00 150 00 600 00 549 00 495 00 400 00 480 67 244 19 25 00 458 00 365 00 16 00 261 22 240 00 189 00 42 00 30 OO 900 89 730 00 506 00 475 04 6,084 36 2,500 00 1,600 00 1,300 00 1,200 00 1,100 00 1,016 76 1,000 00 800 00 600 00 547 50 547 50 Naval office. Naval officer — .. Deputy naval officer Clerk.... .«...--do...... .-. .-.. Messenger 5,000 00 2,000 00 1,200 90 1,000 00 600 00 Surveyor's office. Surveyor Deputy surveyor . . . . . . o... 4,500 00 2,000 00 1-93 KEPORT ON THE FINANCES. o STATEMENT—Continued. s 1 Districts. Pi gg o^ Occupation. •rt oa •sf 1 2 1 Philadelphiar—Continued.. o <o O Clerk 0-. Clerks Messenger.-.....................o..... $1,200 00 1,100 00 600 00 Appraisements. . • 1 1 2 2 4 4 1 3 1 1 General anDraiser . . . . - - - - . . . . » - - . . - . - . Messenger to ditto ..... Appraisers ..-,.. Assistant appraisers . . . .......... Examiners i . Clerks . . ...--. Sampler............................... Packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Messenger...-............. -_.......... Snecial examiuer of d r u f f s . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . 2,500 00 547 50 2,500 00 2,000 00 1,095 00 1,000 00 730 00 730 00 600 00 1,000 OO ' Appraisers' stores. I 1 1 2 Assistant storekeeper Clerk Warehousemaa Watchmen ...-.,.....„ • 582 900 584 547 50 m 50 60 i,500 1,000 900 900 675 390 638 584 556 532 253 547 312 00 00 00 00 00 16 75 50 50 00 7^ 50 00 Fublic warehouses. 1 1 • 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sunerintendeut nublic stores,._ Clerk to ditto -. Assistant storekeeper ..-.. Clerks . . - -.-do .: ..do Warehousemen ..'• do do... o----..... .... do „ ..do -..Watchman...-».. ..-.„ do --- . . . Offi<:e of inspection. 1 3 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 37 1 1 13 Weigher ... .... Assistant weighers -.<....:,...-....-do -Foreman to ditto « .-.. Laborers to ditto . .o..... Gaugers Measurer.......... . . . • - . . - . - - . . - . . . . . . Assistant mieasurer . . . . . . , - - . - . . - - - . . . . . do : .-. ... Inspectors ,.-.•,..... ....do. „.... ....do.....„.„.:». „.,o.o...«o„..„„_„.» 1,485 60 1,200 00 900 00 730 00 540 00 3,255 28 1,485 00 1,485 00 1,200 OO 1,095 00 1,086 00 1,053 00 194 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Occupation, Districts. .2 ^ fl P^ s ® Philadelphia—Continued.. Presque Isle Pittsburg... Delaware— - Baltimore, Md.. 1 6 I 1 25 1 6 1 1 10 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Insnector — ....do Captain of night watch Lieutenant of night watch . . . . . . JNight inspectors do -...:. Revenue agents do do Temporary agents.. Bargemen do. Night boatman Revenue agent at Lazaretto Revenue agent at Chester Revenue agent at Marcus Hook . Revenue agent at Bristol Collector.. Deputy collector and inspector. • 1 Surveyor — ----... 1 Clerk .o 1 Collector . 1 Inspectors , 3 1 ....do 1 ....do 2 Appraisers. 2 Messengers • 1 Collector , 1 Deputy collector 4 Clerks..... 3 ....do 2 -..do....3 -...do 1 ....do 4 Messengers 1 ....do 1 Naval officer. -. 1 Deputy naval officer 1 Clerk -.. 1 Messenger 1 Surveyor 1 Clerk..-.-..-.., Inspectors.--...--. 27 Captains of v/atch .... 2 Watchmen at vaulfc 2 Watchmen..-" 26 Storekeeper 1 1 --.do 1 Assistant storekeeper .. 2 Clerks.. 4 Porters '1 Weigher i 2 Deputy weighers ,.. 1 Me&surer—— . ......-.«.—. $798 624 730 650 547 388 912 897 440 175 547 00 00 18 00 50 50 50 50 00 00 50 483 po 547 50 684 00 547 50 547 50 547 50 390 66 730 00 2,174 38 300 00 1.094 34 1.095 00 800 00 500 00 17 50 365 00 ' 6,000 00 2,500 00 1,500 00 1,100 00 1,000 00 900 00 850 00 600 00 547 50 5,000 00 2,000 00 1,-200 00 600 00 4,500 00 1,0(10 00 1,095 00 . 730 00 730 00 547 50 1,150 00 1,095 00 626 00 1,000 00 547 50 1,500 00 720 00 1,500 CO 195: EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. fl fl •2g Districts, Occupation. gs c's^ ^.g l§ . Q Baltimore—Continued =... Annapolis Oxford Vienna.--Town Creek , Havre De Grace. Georgetown, D. C Richmond, Va. Norfolk and Portsmouth... • Tappahannock.. Ohenystcne..--oo . . „ , . Torktown—..,.»=. o. =.. ^ - Deputy measurer do do Gauger Appraiser general Appraisers Clerk.......... .-.do..-.--.. Porter.......... — Boatmen Keeper of Lazaretto Collector ..c^.. Surveyor ...do...-...-: ...-dp ...--.. Collects tr -. ...-do --..--....-.-. Deputy collector —. . Surveyor. ....do Collector —. - . . . ^ Deputy collector and inspector. . _ . . . . .do do.-Temporary inspector Clerk '. Weigher and gauger. — . Collector Deputy collectors, inspectors, weighers,' measurers, &c Gauger ,. Collector -. -. Deputy collector and inspector. Clerk Navalofficer.. Deputy naval officer ^ Inspectors „. Survevor \„.-o .-.-do-.Weigher and gauger. Measurer.---.» , Watchman Boatman ....do.^ :Aids.to the revenue Collector Deputy c o l l e c t o r . . . . . . . . Surveyor „ ....do —-. 1....do.... ...-.: ....do .--do.... Collectpr o Surveyor -..-.. Collector,...^..--.. -o.o-. = Surveyor...........» $1,000 00 626 00 1,500 2,500 2,500 1,400 1,000 547 - 550 150 .283 250 200 150 474 822 365 176 195 1,257 800 821 200 500 207 2,887 00 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 40 00 00 00 64 49 00 00 00 16 00 00 00 00 51 42 1,095 00 92 40 3,000 00 1,095 00 500 00 1,112 15 730 GO 2,095 00 594.60 250 00 J,500 00 701 37 547 50 360 00 192 OO 63 42 429 47 300 00 316 03 297 00 ' 1S5 00 281 00 159 55 335 70 464 50 217 98 200 00 196 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. Occupation. p. o Petersburg. Wheeling.. Yeocomico, Alexandria Camden, N. C Edenton Plymouth Washington... Newbern Ocracoke Beaufort Wilmington . Charleston/a C. Collector Surveyor Inspectors Temporary inspector Weigher, gauger, and measurer.... Deputy eoliector Surveyor :... ...do Collector Deputy collector Inspectors Surveyor Weigher and measurer .-^ •Collector Temporary inspector — do do ^ Collector Temporary inspector Collector Surveyor Inspector, gauger, measurer, & c . . . Collector Temporary inspector, weigher, &c Collector Inspector, weigher, gauger, &c — Collector — Deputy collector and inspector— Temporary inspector Boatmen ....do Collector.. - Inspector, weigher, measurer, &c. Collector Naval officer , Surveyor » ....do Inspector Weigber and gauger Temporary inspectors Boarding officer Boatmen Collector Deputy collector Naval officer Assistant naval officer Surveyor Clerk......... ..do...do , -do Weigber Gauger , Measurer i.. Appraisers $955 98 500 00 1,095 00 28 00 1,500 00 730 00 1,071 19 225 00 513 00 1,095 00 1,095 09 300 00 1,500 00 771 26 171 07 . 129 75 349 91 68 18 521 93 150 00 46 44 488 75 130 98 363 88 888 95 1,059 30 360 00 134 OO 240 00 180 00 323 60 141 00 1,831 12 678 34 634 47 250 00 662 49 1,185 00 313 00 480 00 240 00 6, 000 00 1,500 00 2, 900 CO 1,000 00 2,400 00 1,400 00 1,300 00 900 00 500 00 1,500 00 1,070 20 1,500 00, 1,500 00 197 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. Occupation. ai *» fl ® a> P< '^ ri ^'^ fl C3 Charleston—Continued;. 28 6 Georgetown, S. C Beaufort, S. C. .. Savannah, G a . . . . 10 Brunswick . St. Mary's . Mobile, Ala 16 Tuscumbia . . . - , . Pearl River, Miss Natchez Vicksburg....... Pensacola, F l a . . . St. Augustine . . . . Key West.ooo... St. M a r k ' s . , . . . . St. John's < Inspectors. Boatmen... Messenger and porter. Collector Deputy collector . Collector Collector Deputy collector Naval officer Surveyor Appraisers Weigher and gauger . . Storekeeper Clerk .-do Inspectors., Porter .-do Boatmen Inspectors Collector Inspector Light-house keepers Collector— Inspector Boatman , Collector Inspectors and clerks Inspectors ..--do Weighers and measurers. Aid of the revenue Surveyor Collector Deputy Collector Collector ^. :...do Collector Inspector... Surveyor ^ Boatmen Collector Deputy collector and inspector ... Collector Deputy collector and inspector Inspector — do ...do Temporary inspector and night watch . Collector -.. Inspectors : .-..do Boatmen .Collector 5 © Q $1,095 00 540 00 520 00 593 59 125 00 292 54 2,459 95 1,500 00 923 91 741 09 1,500 00 1,500 00 800 00 1,100 00 800 00 1,095 00 600 00 360 00 360 00 250 00 472 88 248 00 400 00 695 00 200 00 11 00 6,000 00 1,500 00 1,095 00 1,005 00 1,500 00 939 00 467 57 250 00 250 0© 553 17 500 00 1,162 37 1,095 00 300 00 • 300 00 518 00 730 00 I,605 74 1,095 00 1,095 00 137 50 68 50' 126 00 785 00 1,095 00 ' 500 CO 300 00 1,200 00 198 EEPOET ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. fl n Districts- PH >» Occupation. .2 2 " I. fl ^ <D ^ PHO B ^ O ® O St. John's—Continued. Apalachicola.. New Orleans, La. 2 4 7 3 5 2 1 76 3 5 4 32 3 21 6 Teche Texas, Texas. Inspectors... Surveyor Boatmen , ....do Collector .--. Inspector... , --do Light-house keeper do.--- ...do Boatman -.--.-.. Collector , Deputy collectors Clerks ...do ...do -..: .-.do.--.o ...do Porter Inspectors - -. Aids of the revenue Supernumerary night inspectors. Boatmen ....do Gaugers Laborers ....do Weigher. -Deputy weigher .-. Measurer ^ -. Deputy measurer Storekeeper -.. Deputy storekeeper Warebouse clerks Watchmen Surveyor Deputy surveyors Boatmen and messengers ... Appraisers Assistant appraisers -• Examiners Clerks..-! Messenger Special examiner of d r u g s . . . - . . Naval officer '.-........ Deputy naval officer Book-keeper........ Clerks ..dp........ Collector Deputy collector and inspector.. Collector Deputy collector.. Clerk ...--. Inspector and weigher „.. $730 00 300 00 180 00 144 00 1,152 16 1,095 00 819 00 . 500 00 450 00 300 00 6,400 00 2,500 00 1,800 00 1,400 00 1,500 00 1,100 00 1,000 00 730 00 1,095 00 730 00 730 00 730 00 360 00 1,500 00 600 00 660 00 J,500 00 1,200 00 1,500 OO 1,200 00 1,500 OO 1,095 00 1,200 00 .730 00 4,990 00 2,000 00 720 00 2,500 00 2,000 00 1,400 00 1, 095 00 900, 00 1,000 00 5, 000 00 2,000 00 1, 400 00 1,200 00 900 00 1,055 88 . 441 00 1,750 00 1,000 00 1, 000 00 1,200 00 199 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. fl U n3 Districts. 9^ >> Occupation. fl .2 S «^.fl Pl o fl es g» q Texas—Continued. Saluria Briazos de Santiago. Paso del Nort«.. Miami, Ohio. Sandusky.. Cuyahoga. Cincinnati- . Detroit, Michigan. Inspector Surveyors Inspector, (10 months) = Collector Deputy collectors and inspectors. do do Inspector .Surveyors and inspectors — do , . .do Aid of the revenue,....^ Collector Deputy collectors and inspectors . do do Mounted inspectors --Storekeeper Clerks Boatman Messenger Collector Clerk and deputy collector Mounted inspector Deputy collector and inspector. . . .do do --. do... do do —-.do Collector Deputy collector and inspector... do do do: do do do.. Collector... Deputy collector Clerk Inspectors .-.do Collector Deputy collector Inspector ,...do. ...do... Clerk....,Surveyor Clerk..... ..do ..do-..Collector Deputy collector do do. do , Deputy collectors - -., do .do.... Inspector..,, $1,095 00 1,000 00 909 00 1,250 00 1,000 00 729 16 640 00 500 00 600 00 521 66 1,750 00 1,000 00 8'0O 00 727 00 800 00 800 00 480 00 420 00 1,438 80 359 00 428 00 188 35 191 67 185 86 167 52 761 37 800 00 600 GO 250 00 200 00 832 59 800 00 365 00 200 00 300 00 1,057 07 1,000 00 600 00 662 21 240 00 600 00 3,000 00 1,200 00 1,000 00* 600 00 1,618 42 1,000 00 730 00 480 00 360 00 240 00. 180 00 120 00 • 1,095 do 200 REPORT ON THE FINANCESo STATEMENT—Continued, OccupatioUo DistrictSo ^ S o o *-§ " OS, q i go. g.fl- Pl o aft 25 ® Detroit—Continued, Michilimackinac.. Chicago, 111...... A l t o n . oa.a..o Quincy---.. Cairo. Galena.Milwaukie. -, Oregon = Cape Perpetua o..„ Puget's Soundi San Francisco, Cal. 1 2 2 8 5 1 1 1 3 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '4 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 5 I 1 10 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 Inspector, weigher, and gauger... Inspectors 1 do......... .....do..,.-, do -. do Collector ... Deputy collector and inspector... — — .do do Collector :..."-. .„ Deputy collector do -........-., do -..^...-..Inspector do ......do do -.-. do ,--.,-.oSurveyor -. Watchman... Surveyor.; .-,... .-.-.do ......do...... .-......-,... Collector Deputy collector Inspector „--„. Deputy inspectors Collector Deputy collector and inspector. Surveyor do.... ..--..Surveyor -.Collector Inspectors -.. Collector....... •..--.-„-..Deputy collectors - -. Cashier Clerks -. ...-do .»-......-., ....do --..do .-.do., ....do ....do ..,-do. Temporary clerk Messengers and porters . Watchmen . . . . . -. ,• Naval officer. Deputy naval officer .. Clerks ...do ...do :... Messenger and porter i..... $1,095 00 600 00 480 00 360 00 . 240 00 150 00 835 95 400 00 . 300 00 1,250 00 1,000 00 658 00 360 00 600 00 726 00 566 00 570 00 548 00 2,400 00 180 00 2,811 11 800 00 452 50 1,250 00 720 00 720 00 480 00 3,000 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 250 00 2, 000 00 3,000 00 1,095 00 10, 400 00 3, 833 00 4,000 00 3, 325 00 3,600 00 3,200 00 3,183 00 1,600 00 2,949 19 2,875 00 1,500 00 720 00 1,560 00 1,560 00 8, OOO 00 J,021 52 3,600 00 3, 300 00 3, 000 00 1,560 00 EEPOET ON THB FINANCES. 201 STATEMENT—Continued. Occupation. Districts. O fl ^ <v xi P^ o Pi a San Francisco—Continued. Sonoma- San Joaquin Sacramento. San Diego.- Monterey., 1 1 2 1 I 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 2 9 7 16 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 46 22 4 4 a g Surveyor --Deputy and clerk Temporary clerks . Messenger and porter Appraiser general Appraisers Assistant appraisers Examiners do -. Clerks Watchman and superintendent. Laborer and sampler Messenger Laborers ..1 Storekeeper,... - .... Clerks ...doj Watchmen Temporary watchmen Laborers ....do Weigher and measurer do do do do Gauger ....do -, Temporary gaugers... J Measurer of vessels Inspectors ' do Boatmen .. Temporary boatmen Collector Deputy collector Ihspector - . . . ^ ..-.do --..,.:do -... Weigher and gauger Boatmen ....do ....do ....do..-...... Collector Deputy collector . — ..-" Inspectors ----....do..... .1. Collector ' ...do Deputy collector . Surveyor and inspector Surveyor Boatmen '.-. Collector --... — i Inspectors .' $7,000 00 4,000 00 975 00 1,800 00 5,500 00 6,000 00 3,500 00 3,000 00 750 00 2,160 00 2,160 00 1,800 00 1, 560 00 1,440 00 2,667 00 3,000 00 2,200 00 1,560 00 410 26 1,254 84 ' 687 50. 3,600 00 3, 000 00 1, 375 00 3,600 00 3, 000 00 250 00 1,944 OO 2,. 086 76 2,024 86 1,200 00 475 00 3,369 15 2,896 00 1,669 00 246 00 204 00 1,195 98 277 33 361 33 44 00 . 40 00 3,179 75 1,104 00 ,1,290 00 , 1.074 00 3, OUO 00 3, 000 00 2, 000 00 2, 000 00 2, 0<.0 00 180 00 3.075 90 2,190 CO 202 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. STATEMENT—Continued. Districts. CD CO PH >-» .2 S Occupation. s ® San Pedro Minnesota, Min. Ter Minnesota Louisville, Ky , Paducah . Nashville, Tenn Mempbis Knoxville St, Louis, Mo , Evansville, Indiana New Albany Jeffersonville. Burlington, Iowa... Dubuque Keokuk Collector .., ....do Deputy collector Surveyor , Keeper of warehouse Surveyor Surveyor and inspector do.do , Deputy surveyor and inspector Surveyor .--Collector Clerk •. ...do Aid to revenue do... Surveyor .... ....do. do . . . (from March 22 to June 30) Surveyor , do ....do ..-...., $3, 000 1,200 800 2,228 30 147 1,627 537 537 350 3,000 1,375 1,018 814 • 730 350 623 97 390 350 350 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, November 24, 1855. F. BIGGER, Register. 00 00 00 49 00 73 35 14 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 22 00 00 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 203 No. 49. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, April 2S, 1855, SIR : In order tliat you sliall be fully possessed of my views of the subject to whicli you called my attention, and that of the Secretary of W a r , on yesterday, the following is submitted: , It being the constitutional duty of, the President of the United States to see the laws executed, in order to enable and facilitate the discharge of that duty, Congress has established six executive departments, to w i t : the State, Treasury, W a r , Navy, Post Office^ and Interior, and authorized ihe President to appoint, by and with the advice of the Senate, a Secretary, as the head of five of them, and a Postmaster General at the head of the other; and has also authorized the appointment of a law officer, called the Attorney General, at the head of a seventh department. The seven constitute what is termed the Cabinet, and to each is confided certain duties in connexion with the execution ofthe laws, and the duties of no one of them conflict with those of another, but all being subsidiary to that of the President.^^ To the Secretary of the Treasury is confided the payment of all the aiDpropriations of public money, the settlement of all accounts with collectors of customs, receivers ofthe sales of public lands, disbursing and other agents of all the departments, and the collection of air debts of the United States, and the. enforcement of the revenue laws, &c. The business of the Treasury Department has, from time to time, been separated and confided to certain particular designated officials, but subsidiary to the Secretary. In the beginning, when the revenue and business was small, there was one Eegister, one Auditor, one Comptroller, and one Treasurer, and a fev/ clerhs in each ofthese, and in the office of the Secretary; but as the revenue and business of the department increased, the number of clerks was increased, and further distribution of the duties took place under designated officers, until there are now in the Treasury thirteen separate branches, besides what was taken away,, and placed in that of the Department of the Interior. Among these Auditors was one designated as Agent of the Treasury, and to him was confided the management of suits and the collection of debts. Subsequently that agency was dispensed with, and the office of Solicitor pf the Treasury established, and he was allowed certain clerks, and vested from time to time with certain powers, but all believed to be subsidiary to that of the Secretary. The suits necessary to be instituted to collect debts due to the United States, and enforce the revenue laws, and the defence of suits instituted against revenue officers, for acts done in the discharge of their official duties, and suits touching the title to custom-houses, hospitals, and light-houses, or injuries to the same, were then under the direction and control ofthe SecretaryoftheTreasury, and should remain as they now are, in order to give efiiciency to the discharge of his duties; whilst suits involving the title of the public lands, or injury 204 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. to the same, and suits against the officials of the department for official acts, should be under the control ofthe Secretary ofthe Interior, and the same should be the case with the War and Navy Departments, and also that of the Secretary of State when the cases arise in matters specially with his department. -The law makes it the duty of the district attorneys in the respective districts to attend to ail cases in which the United States is concerned, and of the Attorney General to attend to them when in the Supreme Court. Their compensation, salaries, or fees, are fixed by law ; and at first the Secretaries of each of the departments sent the suits they wished instituted to the attorneys of the respective districts, and looked to them to defend all suits in which the property ofthe department or the officials were involved. The Attorney General. attended these cases when they were in the Supreme Court. The law has vested the Secretaries of each department with authority to employ counsel when, in their opinion, it is necessary and proper to do so, and gives them authority to agree upon the fee. I consider the head ofeach executive department, in the prosecution and defence of suits in which the interests, of their respective departments are concerned, the representatives of the United States, the real client in the case ;. and that the head of neither department has any right to interfere with the prosecution or defence-^of suits thus belonging to another department. Thus Congress has considered the business confided to each department should be under the direction and control of the head of i t ; who is held responsible for the same, including tho prosecution and defence of lawsuits. In the Treasury Department there are five Auditors, who have authority to state and settle accounts. These accounts are revised by the Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs ; but when so revised and controlled, the papers go back to and are filed with the records and papers of the Auditor's office where they were first stated, with exception ofthe First and Fifth Auditors, which go to the Eegister's office. The balances found due in each Auditor's office, on settlement, were collected by the agency of that office, and Avhen it became necessary to institute suit, to inform the Comptroller. The statement of the account exhibiting the balance due the United States, properly certified, was sent to the district attorneys by the Comptroller, who corresponded with the attorney and attended to the suit as part o f t h e business of his office, until the amount was collected or the debtor proved insolvent. When one of the Auditors was constituted agent of the treasury, the certified statement of balances due went to his office, and he sent them to the district attorneys, and did the correspondence ; and when his agency was superseded by the Solicitor's office, the certified statements were sent to his office,-and he did the correspondence with the district attorneys; and Congress has invested him with authority to make rules and regulations for the government of attorneys, marshals, and clerks, in relation to the management and reports ofthese suits, and all other suits in which the United 'States are concerned in their districts. , : There is no act of Congress giving the Solicitor authority to employ additional counsel, nor to liquidate the fees of additional counsel. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 205 The authority to employ and liquidate the fees being vested in each Secretary in relation to all suits involving the interest of his department, upon an investigation ofthe pending suits in the several districts in which the Treasury Department was concerned (shortly after the 4th of March, 1853,) it was ascertained additional counsel had been employed in several cases, and that it was done by order of the Solicitor of the Treasury. This led to an investigation of his authority to do so. It was found that no such authority was given to him. I t was also ascertained, that in most of those cases there was no agreed fee stipulated for, b u t t h e service had been or was in the course of being rendered. It was determined to adjust these claims upon the principle of quantum meruit, rather than to reject them, and leave an open and unsettled claim against the government. The fees for these were settled, taking into consideration the magnitude of the .cases, and character and amount of service, and the decision by the Secretary in liquidating the same vfas carried out by payments, and directions given that the Secretary of each department had the right to employ additional counsel in suits touching the, business of his department, and to agree on and liquidate the amount the assistant counsel should receive. The Solicitor was given to undersand that he had no authority to employ additional counsel, nor to liquidate the fees, but that the authority was in the Secretary of. the department to which the suit belonged. The appropriations for the expenses of the courts of the United States, called the Judiciary fund, is applicable tothe payment of the fees of assistant counsel, a:nd is within the control of the Secretary of the Interior; but the fees of assistant counsel are sometimes paid out of the contingent expenses of the department to which the suit belongs; and all fees to district attorneys, &c., or in suits to enforce collection ofthe customs, the enforcement of .the revenue laws, are paid out of the appropriation to collect the revenue. In my judgment, so far as the Treasury Departinent is concerned, that from the assignment of the agency for the collection oi debts to one of the Auditors, followed by the establishment of the Solicitor's office, no increased efficiency in the prosecution and defence of suits has. resulted, nor any better collection of debts. If 1 had the organization to make anew, I would restore the practice that existed before the agency was confided to one of the Auditors, and woiild give the supervision toa clerk ih my own office, who should keep a record of the suits pending, and those from time to time instituted, with an account of the judgments and collections made, and prepare all the correspondence for my signature. In my judgement, the collection, of debts, and the prosecution and defence of suits involving questions of principle and the infractions'of the revenue laws, cannot, without injury, be transferred to another office where the Secretary can have no control. I am, very respectfully, , JAMES G U T H E I E , Seci-etary of the Treasury, The PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 206 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ^ To the ATTORNEY GENBR;AL: For the convenience of the departments, and with a view to the systematic despatch of business, the following order in relation to suits at law will be observed : . •. In all cases of suits at law, arising in any of the departments, the head thereof may, in his discretion, conduct the same, with the aid of the Solicitor of the Treasury, or refer it to the Attorney General, and the Solicitor of the Treasury will conduct the cases so referred, under the supervision of the Attorney General; and all questions of fees and costs, arising in any case, shall be determined by the head of the department by which the same is conducted. F E A N K L I N PIEEOE. WASHINGTON, July 16, 1855. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 207 No. 50. REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE VAULTS IN THE TREASURY DEPOSITORIES. At Boston, the vault requires no improvement. If any additional defences are needed there, they are iron shutters to the windows, and iron casings to some of the doors. At New York, there ought to be such a vault as there is at Boston; but such a one cannot be conveniently constructed till the time comes for. re-building the Assistant Treasurer's office.. At Philadelphia, measures have, I presume, been taken, in re-building the" mint, to provide, a suitable vault for the Treasury Depository. At Baltimore, the vault is a small one, and cannot be conveniently enlarged; but the inner door, which is a very slight one, ought to be re-placed by a stronger one, with suitable fastenings. At Washington city, the necessary changes are being made in the Treasurer's office. At Norfolk, the depository has only iron safes; (oneof them, I believe, burglar-proof.) A sufficient vault ought to be constructed in the new custom-house. At AA^ilmington^ North Carolina, some improvements have been made in the vault. I have not seen them; but I presume they are all that are necessary. ^ . At Charleston, South.Carolina, a suitable vault ought to be erected, in the new custom-house. At Savannah, there is in the new custom-house a vault, which is not of the best construction, but which cannot easily be improved. It must do as it is. The depositary at Tallahassee has been supplied with a burglarproof safe. He does not esteem a vault necessary. At Nev/ Orleans, the Assistant Treasurer has a capacious, and, in most respects, a strong vault; but an opening over the door, said to . be necessary for the purpose of ventilation, could easily be enlarged, 80 that a man could pass through it. I think the ventilation might be effected by a number of small iron pipes, imbedded in masonry. At Mobile, a sufficient vault should be erected in the custom-house. At Little Eock, we have the use of a good vault, (formerly owned by a bank,) and a burglar-proof safe. Nothing additional is there required for the present. . At St. Louis, me.asures have been taken to erect a large vault in the custom-house. There should be a sufficient vault in the custom-house at Cincinnati; idem, in the custom-house at Bufialo; idem, at Eichmond; idem, in the custom-house at Detroit;- idem, at Chicago. At Pittsburg, the vault is not of the best construQtion; but will, it is presumed, with the burglar-proof safe, afford protection to such sums as will be placed there. Every new custom-house ought to have in it a strong and sufficiently capacious inoney vault. A money vault is the very nucleus 208 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. of a custom-house. W e know not how many of these custom-houses it may be necessary, in the course of time, to convert into treasury depositories. At the present moment, the number of places of deposite for disbursing officers oijight to be doubled. The public good requires that there should be a treasury depository high up the Missouri, in the Kansas Territory, or its neighborhood; and another high up the Missouri, in the Minnesota Territory. But the Treasury Department cannot, with safety, direct them to be established till Congress shall make an appropriation to erect small, plain, strong buildings there, with secure vaults. Granite doors may have some advantages in them, in some positions; but, as granite ^^falls asunder at the touch of fire," I should, as a genera! rule, prefer doors of iron and steel, such as the banks use. Excepting at Boston, the most secure depositories we have are at Mobile, Little Eock, Detroit, and Cincinnati, where we have, for th© present, the use of old bank vaults. WM. M. GOUGE. WASHINGTON. CITY, November 1, 1855. REPORT ON CONSTITUTIONAL TREASURY SYSTEM. WASHINGTON CITY, D . C , November 21,1855. SIR : In compliance with the instructions given in your letter of May 26, 1854, and renewed under date of March —, 1855, I have, within the last eight months,, visited and examined all the treasury depositories, except those at Nashville, Washington city, and San Francisco. From each depository that I visited I addressed to you a letter, describing exactly its condition. But your instructions require from me, in addition, a general report at the conclusion of my tour of duty, which I now proceed to give. You directed me to inquire— ^^Ist. Whether the safeguards against fiire, thieves and burglars, are sufficient in the several depositories." . • The depository at Boston, Massachusetts, is the only one which can be regarded as in all respects what a depository ought to be, when it is intended to keep in it millions of the public money. The other depositories may, in general terms, be described as such as will do for, the present. In the course of the year, burglar-proof safes have been introduced into several of them, and others of them have been strengthened in various ways. But the appropriation made by. Congress was intended simply to'cover current expenses, and not to provide permanent defences fbr the public money. The special appropriations that have been made for strengthening the safety room in the Treasury Department at Washington city, and for improving the mint at Philadelphia, will effect what is desired at these two points. But many of the other depositories require additional safeguards against fire, thieves and burglars. If banks, which are chartered for a term .of years only, deem it proper to erect strong vaults, surely government ought to do as much for. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 209 the security of the public moneys, under a system which is intended to be permanent. We have, at times, in our twenty-three treasury depositories, half as much gold and silver as there are in our thirteen hundred banks ; yet, in some of the depositories the safeguards provided for large sums of public money are inferior to those provided by the banks for relatively small amounts of specie. It is, indeed, averred by some, whose position entitles their opinions to attention, that vaults are not necessary for the safety of the public moneys, and that all that are requisite are burglar-proof safes, guarded by watchmen. But watchmen may relax their vigilance, or be corrupted; and under a system like this, large sums of public money would be kept under a single lock and key. No bank of any respectability, that I overheard of, trusts its funds in a burglar-proof safe, guarded b}^ a watchman. In a question like this, the experience of those who have long had the custody of large amounts of money is not to be disregarded. In a good treasury system, it is necessary to guard against foes within as well as foes without. Nearly all the great robberies of banks that are on record, have been committed by the watchmen or other employes of the banks. It is true^ indeed, that no vault which can be constructed by men, can be made so secure as not to be entered by other men, provided full time be allowed them for their burglarious attempts. But, by suitable combinations of brick, stone and iron, money vaults may be made so strong as to defy all attacks on them in the time in which burglars usually have to operate. Watchmen cannot be dispensed with; but public money vaults should be, in all respects, so secure as to leave no hope to the watchmen themselves to break in, even if they should combine with burglars from without. Each money vault should have at least two strong doors, fastened by bolts, bars, and clinches, upwards, downwards^ and sideways. Each door should have at least one lock of the best construction, and the keys to the locks of the different doors should be kept by different persons. If these precautions had been observed at Pittsburg, the robbery of ten thousand dollars there (the only robbery that has been committed under the system) would have been prevented. As auxiliary safeguards, burglar-proof safes are excellent; but good, capacious, and substantial vaults cannot be dispensed with. We have, and have had, altogether, some two thousand banks. The robberies of their vaults that haYO been committed, (excepting by their own officers) have been comparatively few. No instance, it is believed, can be adduced of a bank vault being robbed by burglars, when the vault was of proper construction and properly guarded. ^' 2d. Whether the boolcs, accounts, and returns, arc kept in that accurate and unifiorm manner which the law prescribes." In one depository only did I find any inaccuracies in the accounts, and these were such as could be easily corrected. ^^3d. Whether the examinations which the 12th section ofi the law requires are regularly made, and in such a manner as to fiulfil the intentions ofi the law.'' At Washington city, Pittsburg, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Nashville, Eichmond^ and Mobile, there are no officers resident required by law 14 210 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. to make periodical examinations of the depositories. At the other depositories (one or two excepted) this duty has been regularly attended to. Special letters have been addressed to those officers who have neglected to make the periodical examinations, and it is hoped they will neglect this duty no longer. All the depositories are subject to examination by special agents appointed by the Treasury Department, and all haye in this way been examined this year, except that at Washihgton. It would be inconvenient to examine that at this moment^ owing to the changes the workmen are making in the building. '^ 4th. Whether the amount ofi money in each depository corresponds with the amount which the books and returns call fior.'' In each depository I found the amount of money which the books and returns call for, excepting that of Pittsburg. In that there is a deficiency of about ten thousand dollars, caused by the robbery last year, of which a particular account was given in a former report. No new light has lately been throwm on that robbery, and the perpetrators have thus far escaped detection. ^^5th. Whether anything fiurther can be done to promote the convenience ofi those officers whose duty it is to receive, keep, pay, and transfer the public moneys, and also the convenience ofi those to whom payments are made." In several of the depositories the conveniences for doing business have, during the year, been greatly increased. Something more remains to be done, in this way, at several of the depositories; but a very moderate appropriation for this object will cover all the expense. ' ' 6 t h . Whether anything more can be done tofiacilitate the transfier ofi the public fiunds firom 2olace to place, and to lessen the expense thereofi." The system of transfer drafts, described in my former report, continues to work well; but it cannot be applied in the whole extent that is desired, owing to gold and silver being, in some parts of the country, almost entirely superseded, as a currency, by bank paper. In those parts of the country, specie payments have not been formally suspended, but they are systematically evaded by each bank circulating its own notes at such a distance from theplace ofissue that they cannot be presented promptly for payment, and by circulating in its own neighborhood the notes of some distant banks or branch. The merchants having deposites might demand specie for them; but then they could expect no further "accommodations" from the banks. Eather than be exposed to this inconvenience, they purchase exchange at a premium, as measured in the depreciated currency of their neighborhood, instead of paying gold and silver for treasury drafts at par. ^' 7th. What disbursing officers keep deposites in the depositories, and what the balance to their credit; and, on the other hand, ifi any disbursing officers neglect to deposite, how they otherwise keep the money in their hands." In my letters from the different depositories, I gave the names ot the different disbursing officers that keep deposites therein, and the aniount to the credit of each. Generally speaking, the disbursing officers now keep their funds in the treasury depositories, when they can conveniently do so. But there are exceptions to this; and what REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 211 is strange, (if newspaper reports are to be believed,) several of these exceptions have occurred in Washington city. None ofthese officers were under the control of the Treasury Department. Many of the pension agents conscientiously obey the law; but others conduct their business in such a way that it is impossible to say whether they obey the law or not; while some, as there is the best reason for believing, directly violate some of the most important provisions of the law, by depositing their funds in banks, and paying the pensioners with bank notes, instead of gold and silver. This is the more remarkable,' as the Secretary of the Interior, who has the supervision of the pension agents, some time since issued a circular, in which he explicitly forbid such doings. " A n arrangement," he said, "having been made by the Treasury Department, under which the Assistant Tr.easurers of the United States at the various leading commercial points throughout the country become depositaries of the public funds, the disbursing agents connected with this department are hereby instructed to. avail themselves ofthe facilities thus afforded, as far as practicable, by depositing with the officers such funds as are not wanted for immediate, use, and drawing the same from time to time as they may be required. " T h i s arrangement has been made for the accommodation and security of disbursing officers, in view of the heavy responsibility resting upon them under the provisions contained in the 16th section of the act of August 6, 1844, as found on page 93, Statutes at Large, volume 9, to v/hich, in 9.11 its details, attention is specially directed; and it is therefore expected that the instructions above given will be strictly complied with, and that hereafter no disbursing agent of this department will draw any draft or check upon any other person other than the officer with whom his funds are directed to be kept." If examples should be made of a few of the disbursing officers who violate instructions as explicit as these, the effect might be salutary.. .If each subordinate officer is to obey the laws so far only as to himself seems convenient, we shall have anarchy instead of regular government. In order that the system may answer all the objects intended, it will be necessary to multiply the places of deposite for disbursing officers. This can readily be done, if suitable vaults be const.ructed in the new custom-houses which Congress has ordered to be built. " 8 t h . • Whether the different requirements ofi the law, and the treasury regulations made in pursuance ofi the law, are strictly attended to, including that provision which requires public officers to credit thc United States with any premium received on drafits.'' The different requirements, of the law, and the treasury regulations, are, with the exceptions already noted, well observed in the different depositories. In every instance in which a treasury draft had been • sold by a treasury depositary for a premium, I found the premium duly credited to the United States. ' But it is alleged that some disbursing officers, in remote parts of the country, sell their own checks on the depositories at a premium, and put the premium into their own pockets. I n my report to you of last year, I gave a brief history of operations 212 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. under the constitutional treasury system, showing that, in periods embracing in all nine years, it had worked well, and under the different circumstances of peace and war, of surplus revenue and deficient revenue, of negotiation of loans and of payment of loans. I also pointed out some of the advantages of this system: 1. In creating a new demand for specie, and thus increasing the stock of it in the country. 2. I n checking the banks in their expansions of paper currency, and thus diminishing the force of their subsequent contractions. 3. I n avoiding those derangements of banking and commercial operations which are sure to follow the negotiation by government of large loans in bank paper, and the use of banks as agents in redeeming public loans. 4. In preventing those losses to government which are the necessary consequences of suffering public officers to apply them to their private uses. 5. I n giving the government, at all times, the control of its own funds, so that it can apply them to the public service just when and where it chooses—a control it could not have if it should deposite the public money in the banks, and the banks should lend it to their customers. The experience of another year has served only to strengthen conviction of the excellence of the system, and of its adaptation to the fiscal wants of the United States. ' If the public funds had been deposited with the private bankers of California, (a system which some have regarded with favor,) large amounts would have been lost to the government. If bank paper had been received in payment for the public lands, and in payment for public dues generally, the notes of many banks in Illinois, Indiana, and other parts of the country, would have become " unavailable funds" in the treasury. fif the public officers had been permitted, as they were formerly, freely to apply the public funds to their private uses, they would have ilost immense sums by speculations in stocks and in wild lands, the greater part of which losses would have fallen ultimately on government. .All these evils have been avoided during the past year by a strict adherence to the principles of the constitutional treasury system. 'Of itself, itcannot, indeed, do all that is desirable ; for, so long as small .notes are issued, so long will gold and silver be hoarded or voxported. But, as it is all that now stands between us and paper money inflations similar to thdse of 1817-'18 and 1835-'36, to be followed by revulsions similar to those of 1819-'21 and 1837-'43, it .as ,a^system which ought to be strengthened and extended so that it ifmay:be faithfully carried out in all its provisions. ;I /remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant; WM. M. GOUGE. Hon, JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington City, D, 0, No. 51. STATEMENT THE NUMBEE OE DISBUESING OFFIGEEi PUBLIC MONEY TO THEIR CREDIT WITH THE PUBLIC DEPOSITARIES, &c. . ' 214 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 51.—Statement showing the number of disbursing officers having and the amounts so held by each depositary, accordBoston. Date of report. t QJ e Ainount. 1854. Nov. 25 30 Doc. 9 16 23 30 1855. Jan. G 13 20 27 31 F e b . 10 17 24 28 Mar. 10 17 24 31 April 7 14 21 28 May 5 2 19 26 31 June 9 16 23 30 July 7 14 21 28 Aug. 4 11 18 25 31 Sept. 8 5 22 29 Oct. 6 13 20 27 31 Nov. 10 17 Philadelphia. N e w York. o i QJ 1 0 Aniount. 0 Baltimore. Amount. 1 0 Washington. 0) 0 Amount. 0 Amount. 0 0 6 fi 6 6 13 ^220,449 40 13 221,225 81 14 188,700 78 14 232,323 32 14 206,404 0713 194,195 07 55 $659,0.'?3 91 55 640,233 07 54 613,677 77 50 606,212 72 56 674,157 75' 61 778,124 06 11 $129,403 55 15 ^52,961'41 46 ,1362.410 98 11 91,234 20 13 47,717 87 46 301,968 64 11 132,693 36 14 29,850 33 48 345,798 42 11 124,538 59 14 59,898 21 47 298,708 20 11 132.775 81 14 62,559 28 49 365;412 87 11 104;201 98 15 56,660 54 49 526,125 11 64 63 12 ]2 12 13 13 13 13 11. 12 12 13 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 152,730 33 147,734 21 144,655 60 181,112 74 150,076 72 156;369 51 123,082 94 184,718 34 191,547 28 168,747 80 222,825 04 230,197 87 183,863 96 147,019 18 149,345 92 176.414 47 238;247 53 221.S66 94 210,731 03 206,955 28 222,797 24 200,213 20 188,694 43 195,133 93 270,044 16 240,722 97 218,034 84 318,431 15 303,537 27 311,021 73 277, .340 91 293,202 72 343,488 41 317,231 91 294,881 67 251,557 56 251,556 93 319,423 49 307.247 75 268:317 96 262,632 31 241,154 65 302.728 03 234;663 58 270,745 14 280,450 67 752,795 39 691,218 62 .64 "869!78i"56* 64 893,427 04 66 1,001,426 52 67 958,306 59 67 913,244 43 69 1,057,638 07 70 898,577 83 71 1,054,364 15 74 1,106,128 43 .75 1,156,593 58 75 1,094,922 07 77 1,034.770 51 80 1,316;112 76 | 81 1,505,758 74 82 1,11.5,622 11 81 1,091,933 56 79 1,161,804 88 '85 U273,676 87 83 1,105,195 46 8:i 1,212,623 63 83 1,058,726 00 88 1,319,037 3 85 1,195,898 92 \ 85 1,087,696 93 9(. 1,656,219 73 90 1,491,114 83 1 9^. 1,3.36,190 27 1 92 1,404,187 79 91 1,468,120 66 95 1,686,660 99 95 1,613.069 84 92 1,396,780 48 93 1,393,251 43 93 1,225,703 66 9I| 1,389,771 51 95i 1,451.243 96 98 1,495;512 68 98 I,.369,427 23 9^ L,651,807 84 97 1.671V 50 87 10( I;625,244 09 102 1,510,166 37 104 1,315,571 28 he0 0 6 12 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 1 13 13 13 13 13 12 13 13 13 12 12 13 11 13 12 11 13 13 13 12 13 14 14 14 12 13 14 15 15 15 ! 14 5 16 17 17 Charleston. fi 95,823 02 79,138 51 126,820 52 .126,184 30 106,641 20 107,93181 100,112 26 107,719 62 89,191 91 110,588 06 219,636 68 199,10r78 184,624 86 174,734 55 140,879 14 192,950 75 201,246 71 206,836 40 294,187 94 318,740 19 291,325 89 217,393 77 153,653 03 219,083 63 242,793 77 180,548 95 133,232 11 129,990 58 79,739 50 175,563 07 134,909 55 125,036 81 125;328 69 204,259 29 139,638 32 226,025 15 165,233 41 227,518 67 206,648 87 263,428 59 156;342o27 151,689 87 168,972 60 142,679 73 164,,535 86 171,735 42 15 14 14 14 1414 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 12 12 13 12 12 10 11 li 12 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 12 12 12 11 11 12 11 11 12 11 12 12 39,845 21 62,321 02 70,539 87 .55,567 67 28,575 51 52,335 72 26,219 29 38,290 96 31,622 98 22,888 53 89,225 87 86,373 73 79,317 22 52,597 37 45,577 90 51,166 51 53,719 46 45,470 19 52,160 24 51,522 63 73,293 09 58,152 48 39,793 61 46,902 32 42,860 27 46,864 23 37,930 53 62,008 12 68,794 48 51,162 43 81,492 02 69,792 71 70,796 88 74,694 50 64,215 44 62,809 15 70,412 44 76,360 13 70,96L 55 104,400 61 101,239 42 90,519 20 68,829 57 88,253 95 50 49 48 io' ^4'7,734'46' 433,921 23 11 408,019 97 12 440,882 24 12 56' *4.35,'464'2i' 50 50 50 49 50 49 50 49 52 52 52 53 54 52 50 50 50 47 47 50 49 51 49 49 50 52 52 54 55 5455 54 53 53 52 53 52 52 53 51 12' '67;264*5i' 54 Amount. il* 404,476 16 479,017 93 ii' 342,039 60 320,095 46 is' 244,671 25 13 354,946 37 13 373,803 37 13 349,366 26 13 312,491 72 12 324,707 38 12 343,112 35 12 368,198 02 14 337,622 59 14 344,095 81 15 385,250 41 16 362,255 69 300,152 70 ie' 270,642 94 16 315,678 89 17 378,026 52 17 373,210 71 17 326,590 77 14 333,513 12 17 463,990 26 15 479,3.-6 86 11 407,313 21 17 458,317 14 1.4 485,957 20 i 16 448,744 C9 17 398,683 19 17 380,454 13 413,137 67 18' 399,250 85 18 396,585 56 18 359,232 67 18 421,142 90 18 380,886 02 15 475,229 65 342,979 62 is' 326;523 94 8 390,174 19 32,571 34 35,118 68 26,433 58 *46;494*99 1 'seisog'si* 'M^ebs'st)' 24,569 24,228 29,065 41.231 24;273 21,564 39,131 74,483 43,548 48,924 53,377 17 54 13 30 84 12 12 04 65 18 68 49,473 40,045 59,855 59,478 58,788 36,371 71,356 72,254 38,686 96,282 93,557 115,034 112,023 105,259 82 97 89 46 62 25 39 96 97 94 73 36 02 45 'gs^eos'os 114,471 98,886 66,541 62,365 48,382 29 63 05 63 94 *63,'924'44* 49,512 80 215 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. public money to their credit with the depositaries at the fiollowing places, ing to the reports made fior the dates herein specified. N e w Orleans. Araount. 28 $456,628 43 27 451,060 61. 26 416,808 26 25 393,950 43 26 411,529 65 25 434,899 72 26 28 27 28 30 30 30 31 30 30 31 31 30 30 31 32 33 33 32 32 30 29 29 29 28 28 29 30 30 31 33 33 34 34 34 35 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 36 37 408,450 31 482,459 44 392,603 34 433,256 59 498,980 39 417,925 48 390,535 30 490,440 44 431,624 88 389,849 24 466,294 48 488,592 27 503,614 01 538,584 08 557.734 07 570,190 80 475,116 80 434,242 14 456,453 45 487.201 82 471,846 4L 523,498 12 542,146 37 503,121 08 470,137 22 536,728 86 612,112 OL 7.30,405 74 733,463 58 711,294 42 677.202 14 680;403 27 696,561 86 652,0/6 74 653,575 87 663,361 10 581,247 79 658,213 29 645,730 48 610,153 30 597,226 21 542,507 92 570,020 76 539,127 69 554,514 99 St. Louis. San Francisco. Amount. $423,083 402,031 384,743 393,761 351,772 341,199 22 35 60 25 17 38 327,240 387,612 463,877 449,879 426,315 393,112 391,823 412,187 99 39 90 98 97 37 39 94 432,944 421,336 543,293 589,999 667,872 573,571 527,685 722,780 728,198 680,525 674,085 575,.530 797,288 33 13 07 45 08 81 72 28 93 94 15 60 03 740,899 849,060 960,719 887,263 840,834 23 08 26 52 32 953,711 898,906 872,743 881,736 1,239,236 1,230,235 1,397,8.54 1,161,387 938,392 960,824 803,085 789, .343 810,815 809,723 899,543 865,895 70 84 48 88 93 77 57 12 66 18 08 61 77 92 54 72 Amount. $485,585 428,066 579,144 624,169 575,070 534,988 Norfolk. Aggregate. Little Rock. Amount. 05 43 07 93 85 12 $10,917 9;692 12,889 11,809 13,197 11,511 40 14 64 22 87 54 514,847 22 480,373 50 602,825 70 566,435 02 655,128 73 682,312 86 717,978 18 601,183 49 ,588,056 67 633,519 96 666,864 68 760,029 82 714,390 60 751,928 53 688,036 70 740,440 31 726,373 83 767,471 96 797,645 87 753,748 15 741,3.57 26 738,695 71 652,550 82 616,321 97 711,737 68 561,137 84 590,271 91 606,672 35 572,113 73 699,513 23 674,205 79 605,042 94 833,381 86 680,830 04 786,011 30 758,200 14 809,442 12 903,398 97 871,839 95 1,012,161 13 987,784 96 10,406 9,301 8,732 8,848 7,961 5,860 6,676 88 36 45 62 86 88 63 085 284 2 I 893 698 115 520 170 961 750 914 674 751 .575 279 178 674 970 368 294 237 73 33 53 51 64 42 87 48 23 46 62 72 73 43 15 29 94 73 49 13 07 83 58,484 75 .57,436 83 39,001 20 40,722 00 39,644 00 33,905 13 33,317 62 33,177 62 32,564 47 31,340 35 Amount. |5,492 93 5,46L 93 5,159 93 234 $2,805,316 28 239 2,646,326 51 2,704,306 23 227 2,739,371 87 229 2,792,880 32 233 2,987,065 45 234 250 252 186 126 251 248 266 4,890 34 257 4,689 34 238 5,391 34 286 5,190 34 287 5,389 34 290 5,292 88 280 4,729 38 294 6,429 38 296 5,929 58 300 2,429 38 303 8,063 38 306 3 7,418 98 303 299 287 310 2 2,975 29 1 . 752 84 262 301 452 84 308 1 304 305 2 8,295 31 319 2 7,562 81 275 280 6,008 81 324 ,5,848 81 329 2,015 00 333 1,015 00 332 765 00 338 315 765 00 339 765 00 337 625 00 338 500 00 337 346 500 00 294 500 00 274 500 00 305 293 199 5,616 96 5,341 04 3,500 00 5,341 04 5,190 34 T h e blanks contained in the above table imply that the returns are defective. 2,774,239 88 2,788,638 74 2,280,871 20 1,396,407 .52 3,254,256 76 3,021,741 31 3,235,452 36 3,094,514 16 2,810,859 82 2,942,830 84 3,535,893 81 3,862,679 86 3,8.57,624 26 3,785, .551 23 3,551,233 00 4.033.154 65 4,470,158 02 3,960,941 37 4.019,827 60 4,142,600 91 4,072,755 78 4,050,790 01 3,114,478 79 3,738,002 23 4,413.807 07 4,219;095 09 3,956,769 67 4,787,362 44 3,883,302 68 4,846,727 32 4,657,690 00 4,726,717 21 5,297,398 96 5,342,166 36 5,109,047 69 5,13.3,511 23 4,818,216 22 5,067,209 56 5.044,499 06 4;983.333 07 4,780;822 16 3,951,451 83 4.067.155 40 4.019,481 11 3; 773,235 17 2,225,136 07 216 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 52. OFFICE OF CONSTRUCTION^ Treasury Department, November 9, 1855. . SIR : I have the honor to submit a report of the operations on the various public buildings in the course of erection, under the direction of the Treasury Department, the general superintendence of which has been placed under my charge. The total number of buildings for which appropriations were made during the last session of Congress, or for which unexpended balances existed from former appropriations, is as follows : Custom-houses, court-houses, and post offices •. .:.... 38 Appraisers' stores 1 Marine hospitals 21 Mints and branches 3 Territorial public buildings, (capitols and penitentiaries) 4 Extension of treasury. 1 Kepairs of treasury building 1 Kepairs of custom-houses 15 Total.. '. 84 The total amount available for the prosecution ofthese works, on the 30th September, 1854, was |5,210,763 92 Amount appropriated last session 1,817,011 09 Available for the year 1854-^55 Amount expended from September 30, 1854, to September 30, 1855 Amount in treasury on 30th September, 1855, applicable to these buildings 1,^21,1% 01 1,974,609 47 5,053,165 54 Included in the above disbursements is the sum, of expended for sites of custom-houses and marine hospitals within the year. The number of new buildings for which appropriations during the last session of Congress, for which no previous tion had been made, is as follows : Custom-houses Marine hospitals Treasury extension Kepairs treasury building. Kepairs o f mints abtal $321,600, purchased were made appropria6 3 1 1 3 _14 The gross amount appropriated for these purposes during the last session of Congress, is $1,839,961 09. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. . 217 During the year ending on the 30th September last, contracts were made for commencing new buildings at the following places : Custom-houses.—Bangor, Me., approaches to ; Portland, Me.; Waldoboro^ Me. ; Providence, K. I. ; Kichmond, Ya. ; Belfast, Me. ; Oswego, N. Y, ; Buffalo, N . Y . ; Gloucester, Mass.; Burlington, Yt.; New Haven, Ct. ; Newark, N. J„ ; Barnstable, Mass. Marine liospitals.—Yicksburg, Miss. ; Portland, Me. ; Chelsea, Mass. ; Detroit, Mich. Treasury extension.—Yentilating treasury building. Sites have been purchased during the past year for buildings at the following places : Custom-houses, &c. Ellsworth, Me., at a cost of. Belfast, Me Gloucester, Mass Barnstable, Mass Providence, K. 1 Bristol, K. 1 New Haven, Conn Newark, N. J Buffalo, N . Y ' Oswego, N. Y Burlington, Yt Toledo, Ohio Sandusky, Ohio Chicago, 111 : Milwaukie, Wis Wheeling, Ya Petersburg, Ya Galveston, Texas Pensacola, Fla., government property. Plattsburg, N. Y $3,000 3,800 7,500 1,500 40,000 4,400 25,000 50,000 40,000 12,000 7,750 12,000 11,000 26,600 12,200 20,500 15,000 6,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5,600 00 304,350 00 Marine hospitals. New Orleans, La St. Mark's, Fla., government property. Burlington, Iowa Burlington, Yt Chelsea, Mass., government property. $12,000 00 3,500 00 1,750 00 17,250 00 i There remain still to be selected, sites for the marine hospitals at Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pensacola, Galena, 111., and Wilmington, N. C. 218 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Much difficulty has been encountered in the selection of a site for the marine hospital at Cincinnati. Those sites offered in the city, which were deemed suitable, and at prices within reach of the appropriation, were objected to by the property owners in the vicinity, on the ground that the location of a hospital so near them would impair the value of their property. In looking beyond the immediate limits of the city, rugged hills were encountered, extending to a distance which forbid a selection, on account of the remoteness of these sites from the landing. The time has, however, not been lost, as the purchase could not have been consummated if a satisfactory site had been found, until jurisdiction is ceded by the State, which holds its first session, since the appropriation was made, this winter, by which time, it is hoped, a site without objection will be found. For the reason last stated, no time has been lost at Cleveland, where the location of the city on two sides of the Cayuhoga river has rendered the selection, which should accommodate both sides, a matter of considerable difficulty. The delay in the selection at Pensacola has been occasioned by the unreasonable prices demanded for all property offered. The site at Alexandria will be selected in time for the action of the legislature of Yirginia at its session this winter. Sites in the vicinity of Wilmington, N. C , have been examined; but as the legislature of North Carolina does not convene again for more than a year, any further present action was not deemed necessary. With, the exception of the custom-houses at New Orleans and Charleston, the extension of the treasury building, the repairs of the mint at Philadelphia, public buildings in Minnesota and Santa Fe, all ofthe buildings being erected under the Treasury Department are done by contract. From personal inspection of most of these buildings, I have the gratification to report that the work is being done in a substantial manner and of the best material that could be procured. The use of wrought-iron, whenever it can be made to take the place of wood or cast-iron, which was first adopted by the department on the assay building at New York, has been extended to all the works now in progress, and each day's experience in its use serves to simplify its application to building purposes, and to enlarge the sphere of its usefulness. Beams, girders, window-sash and shutters, sash-cord, doors, &c. &c., are now made of wrought-iron, and at a cost comparatively small over the cost of the same articles of wood and cast-iron, . The rolled beams thus far used in these public buildings have been limited to seven and a half inches in height. Kolls are in preparation, and are expected to be in full operation by the 1st January, 1856, for producing twelve-inch beams. As the strength of beams of equal sections and lengths is in proportion to the cube of their depth, this addition of four and a half inches will so far increase the strength of the new beam as to permit its substitution for the more expensive hollow girders now used. After another year's trial, I have the satisfaction to report that the system of accountability adopted by the department in the regulations for the government of those superintending these buildings, works REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 219 well; and now that it is understood b y t h e superintending agents, gives general satisfaction to them. I have also to report that the accounts are rendered promptly, and (except in some few cases, on works just commenced) correctly. The system of accountability for property purchased for the use of the several works, also works well. The agents of the department in charge of the buildings which I have visited, seem to feel that they are expected to devote themselves to this duty alone, and it is gratifying to be able to state that they have discharged their trust with fidelity and skill. Bangor, Me., custom-house.—The custom-house at Bangor was turned over to the officers who are to occupy it on the Slst of October, 1855. The unfinished approach to the building was put under contract to Albert Blaisdell, on the 5th day of March, 1855, for the sum of $15,600. One of the approaches was previously finished, and the present one will be finished by the 15th of November. The . work on the building is well executed, and the materials good. Totalamount appropriated.... $100,000 00 Expended to September 30, 1855 97,242 17 Balance available for current year 2,757 83 Belfast, M c , custom-house.—The amount appropriated for the work was $20,000, and ten per cent, for contigencies. Lot purchased for $3,800. Contracts closed with Isaac Allard on the 30th day of May, 1855. Work commenced June 5; all the materials on hand. Work raised to belting-course, above first floor ; will be completed by SOth June, 1856. Amount appropriated, including contingencies $22,000 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855 10,150 03 Balance available 11,849 97 Bath, Me., custom-house.—The work on this building was suspended in December, 1854, to await the action of Congress on a proposed change in the plan. This change having been authorized, a supplementary contract was made, and the work resumed as soon as the season permitted, and has been prosecuted as rapidly as possible since. The exterior and cross walls are raised to the second-story floor; iron antse and arches up. The work will be continued without abatement as long as the season will permit. During the winter the stones for the exterior walls will be cut, and the carpenters' work prepared for being put up in the spring. It is expected that the whole will be completed by the time specified in the contract, viz: SOth of June, 1857. Total amount appropriated to September 30, 1855 $68,000 00 Expended to September 30, 1855... 33,953 01 Balance available for current year i 34,046 99 220 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Portland, Me., custom-house.—Contracts and bonds for the completion of the entire building were executed on the 25th April, 1855, The foundation was commenced in May; and the cellar-walls, windows, area-walls, piers for girders, &c., were completed in September; the underpinning ofthe rear and two sides set, and a few pieces of ashlar set. The chimneys and hot-air flues are commenced. During the winter the stones for the exterior will be cut, and every preparation made for an early beginning in the spring, and it is expected that the whole will be done by the time named in the contract, viz: Slst October, 1856. Totalamount appropriated... $200,000 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855 26,182 27 Balance available for current year 173,817 73 The amount applicable to this work will be sufficient to complete it. Waldoboro, Me.—The work on this building was commenced on • 24th of April last. The walls are finished to their full height. The roof would have been completed before the end of September, but for some delay in receiving the galvanized iron covering. The whole building, it is expected, willbe completed and ready for occupancy by the 1st of January, 1856. There will still be an enclosing fence and some grading to be done, which will be completed by the 1st of June, 1856. Totalamount appropriated $25,000 00 Expended during the year 9,379 33 Balance available for current year 15,620 67 The amount is sufficient to complete the work. Ellsworth, Me., custom-house.—A site was purchased for the sum of $3,000; and on the 28th day of June proposals were invited for the erection of the custom-house at Ellsworth, Maine, and on the 16th of October, 1855, the contract was awarded to Isaac Allard, at the sum of $9,200, the whole to be completed by the 1st December, 1856. From the advanced state of the season, but little will be done this fall beyond making preparation, by the collection of materials, &c., for commencing early in the spring. Total appropriation... $11,000 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855 798 58 Balance available 10,201 42 Gloucester, Mass.—A site was purchased for $7,500, and a contract for the erection of a custom-house at Gloucester, Massachusetts, was awarded, on the 8th September, to Caleb Crosby & Co. for the sumof $26,596 70, the building to be completed on or before the 1st day of March, 1857. The season was so far advanced before the contract was declared, that but little can be done this fall beyond the excavation of the foundation and the collection of materials. ! REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Total amount appropriated Expended to SOth September, 1855 -. 221 $44,000. 00 3,644 42 I Balance available for current year. 40,355 58 Barnstable, Mass.—A site was purchased for the sum of $1,500, and contracts for the construction of the custom-house at Barnstable for $17,250} awarded to Messrs. Koberts, Adams & Jacobs, who commenced thej work in August. The excavations of the cellar are completed, and a portion of the masonry of the cellar wall is finished, and it is expected to get the exterior walls up, and covered in, before thesetting in qf winter. Total amount of appropriation $22,000 00 Expended l!o September 30, 1855 1,606 57 .Balance available for current year 20,393 43 Providence, R. I.—Contracts for the custom-house, post office, and court-r|Ooms, at Providence, were declared on the 28th of May, 1855, and the work was commenced at as early a day thereafter as practicable.! Piles for the foundation had been purchased before the contracts were closed and the old buildings sold. The piles are- driven and the foundations laid. The cellar walls are carried up from three to nine feet J A drain from the cellar to the river has been completed. The coffer dam is finished on three sides, and partly done on the remaining one. An artesian well is in progress for the use of the building. The walls will be ready to receive the flooring of the first fioor this fall, and unless delayed by some unavoidable circumstance the whole structure will be completed by the time specified in the contract, viz: i t h March, 1857. Total amount appropriated \ $250,000 00 Amount expended during the year 44,213 70 Balance available for the current year 205,786 30 Bristol, i^. I.—A site has been selected for a custom-house at Bristol, Khode Island, at $4,400, and contracts will be entered into for the erection of the building as soon as the title papers are complete. ! Appropriation now available $13,750 00 New Havfn, Conn.—After the purchase of a site for the customhouse in New Haven, for the sum of $25,500, some delay occurred in contracting,for the building in consequence of the bids exceeding the amount of the appropriation. The contract was finally awarded to J . J . Atmoije & Co. for the sum of $88,000; the whole to be completed by the 1st day of March, 1857. In consequence of the delay above referied to, little will be done this season beyond the collection of materials and the preparation of such work as can be done within doors. Thei contractor will be ready to commence operations within the opening |of the spring. 222 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Total amount appropriated Expended to September 30, 1855 , Balance available for the current year $96,800 00 6,342 61 90,457 39 Burlington, Vt.—A site has been purchased for the custom-house at Burlington, Yermont, for the sum of $7,750, and on the SOth day of September, 1855, a contract for the whole building was signed by Lyman P . White for the sum of $28,238 40. The work was immediately commenced, and it is expected that the cellar walls and drains will be finished this season. Total appropriation $44,000 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855 3,823 65 Balance available for current year 40,176 35 Plattsburg, N. Y., custom-house.—A site has been selected for the custom-house at Plattsburg, at $5,600. So soon as the title papers are complete, proposals will be invited for erecting the building. Oswego, New York.—A site for the custom-house at Oswego having been purchased for the sum of $12,000, contracts were made for the whole building withi Edwin B. Soule, for the sum of $77,255, the work to be completed by the first day of February, 1857. The contractor entered with as little delay as possible upon his v,^ork, and it is expected that the foundation will be up to the level of the ground before the termination of the working season. Total amount appropriated $96,800 00 Amount expended to September 30, 1855 6,304 73 Balance available for current year ; 90,495 27 Bufficdo custom-house.-—The amount appropriated for the entire building was $96,800. A site was purchased on the 26th day of January, 1855, for the sum of $40,000. The contract was awarded on the 25th day of July, 1855, to 0 . B, & 0 . S. Latham, to be completed by the 1st day of March, 1857. On the 9th of August the work was commenced. The excavation of the cellar has been completed, the foundation constructed, and a large supply of materials has been collected. The balance remaining in the treasury applicable to this work is $84,202, exclusive of the $8,800 appropriated for contingent expenses. Amount in the hands of the disbursing agent is $3,798. There was some apprehension on the score of the foundations, but, upon excavating, the bottom was found to be hard clay, and I am quite satisfied ot its stability. The building will probably be finished before the time called for in the contract. Total amount appropriated $96,800 00 Expended to September 30, 1855 » 10,544 78 Available for current year 86,255 22 J ;. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 223 I Newark, New Jersey.—A site has been purchased for the sum ot $50,000, and contracts entered into for the erection of a custom-house at Newart, New Jersey. The contracts were signed on the 10th and 18th days of August, 1855, for the gross sum of $75,984 71, and the contractoijs proceeded at once to make preparation for commencing. The old buildings have been removed, the excavation commenced, stone receivecl, and the work will progress rapidly until stopped by cold weather. Total app'ropriation : $96,800 00 Amount Expended to September 30, 1855 6,369 39 Balance available for current year 90,430 61 Wilmington, Delaware, custom-house—Granite.—The amount apr propriated was $60,500. Site purchased for the sum of $3,500. Contracts entered into on the 4th day of August, 1853, with Wm. Graves, for the suin of $25,184. The work was commenced soon after. The building will be completed and ready for occupancy in the month ol November. Some outside work, flagging, fencing, gateways, &c., remain td be done, but will, in all probability, be completed before the 1st ofi January next. Total appropriation $40,500 00 Expended to September 30, 1855 30,501 67 Balance available... I 9,998 S3 Richmond, Va., custom-house—granite.—The amount appropriated for the custom-house, &c., was $250,000. Site purchased at $61,000. Contracts I for excavation closed on 5th April, 1855, with Davis & Green. On the l l t h June contracts were closed with J . A. Hill for the culverts. On the l l t h of July contracts for the superstructure were awarded to the lowest bidders, J . J . Atmore & Co., for the sum of $110,000. The v/ork is progressing with energy, and is done in a manner creditable to the contractors. The amount available for this work, after the purchase of site, and contingent expenses connected with the jpurchase, was $189,060 09 ; expended to SOth September, $16,116 4 7 ; leaving available for the completion of the building $172,808 153, an amount-sufficient to complete the building in the best manner. Norfolk custom-house.—The operations progressed rapidly on the new custom-house at Norfolk from the time of the last annual report till the appearance of the yellow fever suspended the work entirely. Most of the contractors and laborers who remained were attacked by the disease, and one contractor and a large number of hands died. This will jretard the progress of the building in greater proportion than the | amount of time during which it was suspended in consequence of the dispersion and death of the master-workmen and laborers, who were familiar with every part of the structpre. The stone work of the building is set, and backed up two courses above the belt course ; the stone columns for vestibule of post office are cut, setup, and finished. The groined arches are nearly finished. i I 224 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The cast-iron columns for the basement story are set. The wroughtiron beams and girders are set, and the segmental arches will be finished next week, as the work on the building has been resumed. Total amount of appropriation $130,000 00 Amount expended to SOth September, 1855 95,261 28 Balance available for current year 34,738 72 Petersburg, Wheeling, and Alexandria.—No contracts can be made for the erection of the custom-houses at the above points until after jurisdiction and exemption from taxation is ceded by the State in which they are situated. A site has been selected at Petersburg for $15,000, and at Wheeling for $20,500. Charleston, S. C—The new custom-house at Charleston, South Carolina, has been advancing during the past year in a satisfactory manner. The basement, which is of cut granite, is completed to the belt course, with some unimportant exceptions. The material is beautiful and durable, and the workmanship of the best description. Altogether, it presents a very imposing appearance. The marble for the superstructure is being prepared, and a portion of it has already been delivered. The foundation of the front portico was retarded by a building which was on the ground it was to occupy ; it has been completed during the year, and the buildings removed. Total amount of appropriation $1,153,000 00 Amount expended to SOth September, 1855 695,408 49 Amount available SOth September, 1855 457,591 51 Estimated amount required for the year ending June SO, 1857 $300,000 00 Mobile custom-house.—During the year ending September 30, 1855, the stone skewbacks to support the cast-iron columns of the interior have been set, and the iron tie-rods, connecting the inverted arches of the foundations, have been securely placed. The cut granite of the exterior walls has been laid to include the door and window caps of the basement story. The brick-work backing has been raised to the same height, and the interior partition walls are generally but five bricks lower. The cast-iron window frames, the columns, and a n t ^ of that story, are in place. The progress of the work has been retarded in consequence of a want of granite, which could not be furnished in season, under the appropriation ofMarch 3, 1855. Some stone has lately been delivered under the contract made effective by the appropriation, and it is hoped that the building will be finished by the 1st of March, 1857. The sum available is sufficient to complete the work. i REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 226 Total amount appropriated Amount exjlended to September 30, 1855 Amount available to September 30, 1855 $360,000 00 113,548 25 ; 246,481 75 Pensacolai, Fla.—Proposals were invited for the construction of a custom-housb, on a lot of land belonging to the United States, in the city of Pensacola, and satisfactory bids have been received. The contract has been awarded to 0 . M. Avery, for $23,508 72, and the building will be commenced without delay. Total appropriation $38,500 00 Available fo'r current year 38,500 00 New Orleans custom-house.—Since the last annual report, the progress of ithis work has been as rapid as was practicable. Some delay has n'ecessarily occurred in the prosecution of this work, in consequence of the change of plan of the upper story and roof. A joint resolution of the last Congress gave authority to substitute iron beams and segmental brick arches for the groined arches of the original plan, and a metallic roof in place of proposed marble one. On the 9thj February last, the superintendent was directed accordingly. These changes cannot fail to prove advantageous in relieving the overburdened foundations of an enormous additional weight, which would have been imposed upon them, had the groined arches and marble' roof been retained. Much delay has ensued in the progress of the work from the inadequate supply of marble furnished by the contractors. The work done during the year ending is as follows : the. second tier of groined arches were completed ; the masonry ofthe third story,! consisting of piers and arched openings, up to third tier of groined arches ; the granite of the exterior walls and its backing of brick going! up steadily, and as nearly as possible in horizontal layers to prevent unequal pressure on the foundations. The tendency of the walls to bulge out has not yet ceased ; ties of iron rope have been put in requisition to resist it. The greatest subsidence of the walls since last December amounts to more than 4 inches. The rate of sinking compared with the previous year is decreasing. The total amount of subsidence since the first accurate observations on the subject, February 28, 1854, is 12/Q\- inches. The decrease in the ratio of settlement above referred to ma'y be attributed to the removal of the heavy groined arches of the upper story, and to the limited amount of weight added to the walls since the previou's observation, December 6, 1854. Total amount of appropriation $2,075,258 00 Amount exlpended to SOth Septeniber, 1855 1,609,622 57 Balance available for the current year Amount of'estimate for the year ending June 30,1857o il5 i 465,635 43 $300,000 00 226 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. New custom-house, St. Louis, Missouri.—During the past year, the piling of the foundation has been finished; excavations called for in contract, and rendered necessary by slides, have been completed; the filling and ramming is done as far as the stone-masonry extends. The area-walls are finished, with some unimportant exceptions. The entire brick-work, piers, arches and walls, to the level ofthe entrance story, are u p ; the groined arches completed, and a portion of the pugging done; the sleepers of the basement floor put down; the cut-stone work has been completed to the under-side of the basement cornice, and the cornice prepared. Over nine hundred feet of ashlar are ready for setting; seventy-two feet of'cornice, for entrance-story; all the carved window-trusses for entrance-story; twenty-four antae bases of second story, and six ofthe pedimented window-caps, for the same story, are ready. All the cast-iron work of the cellar and basement, and twelve cast-iron columns for the middle story, are completed. Total amount appropriated $327,000 00 Expended to September 30, 1855....,, 142,657 63 Balance available for current year 184,342 37 Jjouisville custom-house.—On the SOth September, 1854, foundation, ^cellar, walls, and arches, for first floor, were finished. During the ij)Rst year, the stone on two more fronts has been carried up nearly two ^stories, or about thirty-nine feet. The stone door-jambs are all made .-and set; all the stone window-frames finished, ready for setting; and the work on the third story window-frames about one-third done. Ashlar enough is received to carry this building twelve feet higher. The fhrick backing is carried up as high as the stone-work, and the parti<i:ion-wall to the height of twenty-three feet. The wrought-iron girders, joists, and safes, and the cast-iron colivumns and girders, are finished, and fbr the first and second stories put into their places. The iron sash and doors are about one-third ..finished. The tin lining of the hot-air flues is done. "Total amount of appropriation...... $218,745 00 Amount expended to SOth.September, 1855 o 109,059 40 ^Balance available for current year 109,685 60 Cincinnati custom-house.—At the time of the last annual report, the exterior walls of the new custom-house at Cincinnati were raised to the height of .fourteen feet above the basement cornice. The exterior. ^walls have been completed during the past year, and the roof will probably be completed in October. The whole building will be finished within the time specified in the contract, viz: first December, 1856. The stone used in the exterior walls of this building is sightly, and admits" of a high degree oi finish ; but, like the stone generally, from the quarries on the Ohio river, it is not of the most durable kind. Total amount of appropriation $252,755 00 Amount expended to 30th September, 1855 178,818 65 Balance available for currentyear ,. 73,936 35 I I • REP'bRT ON THE FINANCES. • I • ^ ^ 227 S Custom-houses at Sandusky cmd Toledo.—The sites of these buildings have been selected, and contracts for their construction were awarded on the SOth October, 1855. No further steps can be taken in the matter, until jurisdiction and exemption from taxation shall have been ceded by the legislature of the State of Obio. Sandusky, Ohio.—Total amoiint appropriated $44,000 00 Expended to September 30, 1855... 3,358 50 Available.... Toledo, Ohio.—Total amount appropriated Expended to September 30 Available \.. 40,641 50 44,000 00 3,898 63 40,101 37 Detroit custom-house.—The purchase of a site at Detroit was, by act of Congress, made contingent upon the sale of the two lots belonging to the Ilnited States in that city. Not being able to sell them at private sale for what they were believed to be worth, it was thought advisable to offer them at auction, with instructions to stop the sale if they did not command the amount they were believed to be worth. They were sold under these conditions, and at prices exceeding the limit assigned. iz^.. A suitable site has been selected, and as soon, as title is made, so much of the proceeds of the government lots sold as may be required to pay for the new site will be applied to this object, and contracts immediately made for the erection of the building. Total appropriation $96,800 00 ^ Expended to September 30, 1855. 8,307 67 Balance ayailable 88,492 33 Chicago custom-house.—A site was purchased fora custom-house at Chicago for the sum of $2fe,600. Proposals for contracts for the erection of the building were issued March 15, and on the SOth day of May the contracts were declared to John Kuger, of Chicago, Illinois. From some cause not satisfactorily explained, the contractor failed to,come forward to sign the contracts. On the 25th day of October the contract was given at the bid of the defaulting contractor to C. A. Jones, who will proceed at once with preparations for commencing the work as early as the season will permit. In anticipation of the closing of the navigation of the lakes, iron beams and girders for the floors were ordered, and are ready as soon as the work shall require them. Total appropriation $96,800 00 Expended to September 30, 1855... 6,481 G3 Balance available 90,318 37 Milwaukie, Wisconsin, custom-house.—-A. site was purchased fox a i 228 ' . REPORT ON THE FINANCES. a custom-house at Milwaukie for the sum of |12,200. In March proposals were invited for erecting the custom-house, and in May following the bids were opened and the contract was declared to M, E. Shinn, of Milwaukie, The contracts were sent on for signature, but, from some cause or other, the contractor hesitated to execute them. On the 25tli of October the work was givento C. A. Jones, at the price named by the defaulting contractor. The work will be commenced as early in the spring as the weather will permit. The iron beams and girders for the floors of the building have been purchased, and the doors, windows, iron roof, &c., will be prepared during the winter. Total appropriation $96,800 00 Expended to September-30, 1855 4,990 39 Balance available for the current year... , 91,809 61 San Francisco custom-house.—On the SOth September, 1854, the piling of the site of the San Francisco custom-house and the grillage for running the walls were finished. Since that time the building has advanced rapidly, and the entire building will be ready for occupancy by the 21st October, 1855. Totalamount of appropriation... , $866,271 09 Expended to September SO, 1855, 847,101 08 Available for current year... - 19,170 01 Portland marine-hospital.—This building was commenced on the 25th April, 1855. The masonry is finished to the top of the first story, and the masonry of the central parts finished, front of the second story and.cornice completed. The cisterns are done and the excavations for drains commenced; window-frames of the first story and two-thirds of the second are set; the iron floorbeams have been laid as far as the masonry would permit. The brick floor arches have not been turned. This work was deferred until the building could be put under roof, which it is expected will be completed by the 15th November. The roof-floor arches will be turned as soon as the walls are high enough. After the roof is on, the contractors will be able to go on with their work during the winter, and unless something unforeseen occurs, the whole will be finished by the time specified in the contract, viz : August 31, 1856. Total amount of appropriation $68,863 00 Expended during the year i 24,964 67 Balance available for current year 43,898 33 This amount will complete the work, Chelsea, Mass., marine liospitcd.—A site for the hospital at Chelsea, Mass., was set off fromlands belonging to the Navy Department. The act of Congress authorizing the erection of this building, also gives authority to sell the old hospital and the ten acres of ground upon which it stands, and apply the proceeds to the erection of the new building. The proceeds of this sale it is believed will be ample REPOET ON THE FINANCES. 229 to complete the building and make all necessary improvements of the ground. On th€ 9th day of August a contract was given to Blaisdell ^and Emerson for-the whole building at $114,770, the entire work to, be completed on or before the 3d of March, 1857. The work was commenced without delay afterthe contracts were signed. The cellar is excavated, and the masonry vs^ill probably be raised to the level of the first floor this fall, and every necessary preparation will be made this winter for pushing the work rapidly in the spring. Amount available July 1, 1855 .'. $150,000 00 Amount expended to September 30, 1856 11,961 05 Balance available September 30, 1855... 138,038 95 Burlington, Vt., marine hospital.—A site containing ten acres, for the Burlington, Yt., marine hospital, was selected on the 19th day of September, 1855, forthe sum of $1,750. It is situated on a gentle elevation, about a mile from the city, and commands a flne view of the town, lake, and surrounding mountains. As the abstract of title has not yet been received, no steps have been taken towards making a contract for the building. As soon as the purchase is completed, proposals will be invited for the erection of the building. Total amount appropriated $38,500 00 Expended to September 30, 1855 Balance available for current year 38,500 00 . St. Mark's, F l a . — A site was selected for this hospital from government lands, and proposals were invited for erecting the building. No offer has yet been received that comes within the amount appropriated, viz: $5,000. In compliance with the requirements of the law, the subject is referred back to Congress. New Orleans marine hospital.—From the great length of'the pity of New Orleans along the river, much inconvenience and delay were occasioned in the selection ofa site for the marine hospital that should he sufficiently central to the shipping. A selection was finally made of the square bounded by Common, Gravier, Broad, and White streets, which was offered and accepted for the sum of $12,000. Common street is broad, covered with shells, and leads directly to the custom-house, where applicants for admittance to the hospital receive their perniission to enter. It is central and on the same street with the charity hospital and the hospital ofthe Sisters of Mercy, and has the very great advantage of being within reach of the city waterworks; with small expense, gas can be introduced. Plans of the building have been prepared, and contracts will be made, so that the building will be commenced this winter, and coinpleted as early as possible. , Total amount appropriated.. $272,800 00 Expended to September 30, 1855.. 12,403 49 Balance available for the current year........ I 260,396 51 230 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Vicksburg marine hospital.—-The amount appropriated fox.the erection ofa marine hospital at Yicksburg was $60,000; ofwhich $7,500 were paid for the site, leaving applicable to the construction of the building the sum of $52,500. On the 25th day of April, 1855, a contract for the entire building was awarded to Theodore Adams, requiring the work to be completed Slst July, 1856, and the contractor proceeded at once with his preparations for the work. The grading was completed, and a large amount of materials were colleeted, when all operations were suspended by the appearance of yellow fever. The work was still suspended on the 30th September, but would be resumed as soon^ as the disease should disappear. The building will probably be finished by tbe time specified in the contract. Total amount appropriated '!. $60,000 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855...... 17,753 00 Balance available 42,247-00 Natchez, 3Iiss.—The repairs ofthe marine hospital at Natchez have been completed. In putting on the slate roof it was found that the pitch was not sufficient, and that it vrould require to be raised. A small appropriation will be required for this purpose, for which an estimate will be handed in. St. Louis, Mo., marine hospital.—The marinehospital at St. Louis has been finished during the past year, and turned over to the collector for occupancy. There still remains some work to be done to render the building complete. The front of the building has^no'fence at all, and that which encloses the grounds in the rear is old and insecure. The surface of the ground in the back, part of the lot is broken by several holes and ravines. These should be filled. An estimate of the cost of executing these improvements will be prepared and submitted. Total amount appropriated..... , ,... $92,274 00 Expended to SOth September, 1855.. : 85,484 00 Available SOth September, 1855 6,790 00 Expended during the year 1855 6,790 00 Louisville, Ky., marine hospital.—The appropriation for the repairs of this building, and for enclosing the front part of the lands, grading, draining, &c., has been nearly all expended, and the work is completed. Total amount of appropriation _ $62,500 33 Expended to SOth September, 1855...... 61,939 15 Balance available 561 18 Evansville, Lid.—The amount appropriated for this building and the purchase of site was $47,000. Six thousand dollars were paid for the site, leaving available $41,000. Contracts, for erecting the build- REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 231 ing were awarded 1st day of June, 1853, for the sum of $40,000. Total expenditures under the contract as follows: Amount of contract to September 30, 1855 $30,458 68 Contingent expenses to date — 3,008 05 In treasury, and inthe hands of disbursing agent Leaving an available balance of. , 33,466 73 7,533 27 There will be due the contractor, when the work is completed, 'the sum of $9,541 32. . ' .^ Allowing for the ordinary current expenses, there will be required to finish the work the suni of $11,875 00 Deducting the amount on hand ,. 7,533 27 Leaves the amount required to be appropriated........... 4,341 73 The necessity of appointing a local superintendent and disbursing agent, accounts for the deficiency in the appropriation already made. The building is nearly completed, and will probably be finished in May, 1856. The work is done in a substantial manner, and the building presents a fine appearance from the city and river. Cleveland, Ohio, marine liospital.—An appropriation of $25,000 was made by Congress in 1854 for completing the marine hospital at . Cleveland. A contract for doing the work was made the 15th day of January, 1855, and the work was at once commenced, and is now drawing rapidly to a conclusion. The stone and brick masonry are completed, roof tinned and painted, plumber's, carpenter's, and painter's work nearly finished. The iron fence and the grading are both well advanced. There is every probability that the whole will be finished by the time specified in the contract, viz: Slst December, 1855. . The work is well done". Amount available September SO, 1854 $24,870 96 Expended to SOth September, 1855 12,624 00 Available. , 12,246 96 Detroit m.arine hospital.—The site, containing 7f § acres, for this building, v/as purchased on the 19th day of March for the sum of $23,000, and contracts for the erection of the whole building were awarded, on the 18th day of July, 1855, to Isaac W. Ingersoll .and Joseph Granger for the sum of $54,637 12, the whole to be comiileted on or beforethe Slst day of December, 1856. . The excavations of the cellar and trenches were commenced as soon as practicable after the contract was signed. The masonry was begun as soon as the trenches were ready, and will probably be carried as high as the first floor this fall. Materials will be collected during the fall and winter, and every necessary preparation made for prosecuting the work vigorously in the spring. . The iron beams for the lower story are probably by this time on the site. The location of t-his building is on the banks of the Detroit river^ about a mile and a 232 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. half from the centre of the city, and is a dry, healthy, and beautiful spot. Total amount appropriated $82,500 OO Expended to SOth September, 1855.. 5,450 62 Balance available forthe currentyear 77,049. 38 Repairs of Chicago marine hospital.—The repairs of this building were commenced in July, 1855, and have been .pushed forward as rapidly as possible, and wiil probably be completed in November, 1855. Total amount appropriated $8,000 00 Amount expended to September 30, 1855. ...... 26 00 Balance available for completing...... , 7,974 00' Wilmington, N. C , Pensacola, F l a . , and Cincinnati, 0.—For reasons already stated no purchase of sites for the marine hospitals at these points have been made. Galena, I I I — T h e amount appropriated for the marine hospital at Galena was found to 'be insufficient to purchase a site and erect a suitable building ; and, as required by the law, the matter is referred back to Congress. Burlington, Iowa.—Two sites have at different times been selected for the marine hospital at Burlington, and in both instances the owners of the propierty have refused to convey at the prices first named by them. The commissioners have been authorized to accept another offer for an eligible site for $3,500. As soon as the title is examined and the purchase completed, the building will be put under contract. Amount appropriated ., $16,500 00 Expended to 30th September, 1855.. 106 85 16,393 15 Treasury extension.—An appropriation was made by the last Congress of $300,000 for an extension ofthe treasury building. The preparation of the details of the plan and other causes prevented the commencement of the work until the July following. On the 16th of that month the excavation of the cellar was commenced, and was Gompleted on the 23d October. Stone for the foundation and cellar walls was ordered on the 25th August. The concrete work was commenced on.the 4th day of October, and completed, with the exception of a small quantity, on the 5th day of November, 1855. Total amount of excavation, 10,879 yards. Total amount of concrete, 1,661 cubic yards. The stone work of basement was eommenced on the 27th day of October. A contract for the cut-stone work of the superstructure was awarded to Beales & Dixon, on the 10th October, 1855, the whole to be delivered ready to be put into the building on or before the 1st day of October, 1857. These contractors have already commenced the workj with a very large force j and^ from REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 233 facilities. possessed by their quarry for furnishing blocks of any required dimensions, I feel great hopes that they will be able to fulfil their contract at a much earlier day than the one stipulated. Should the remainder of the season prove favorable for laying masonry, the basement will probably be ready by the time the first shipments of the granite for the superstructure are received. Arrangements are nearly completed which will secure the setting of the cut stones as fast'as they can be joiepared and forwarded from the quarry. The present front of the treasury building is exceedingly defective in architectural effect from its great length compared with its height, and from the absence of any distinguishing object to indicate its centre, and to afford an agreeable resting place for the eye of the observer. When the two wings are added, this defect will be enhanced, as this prolongation of the front will increase the disproportion between the two principal dimensions. To remedy as far as possible these defects, I beg leave respectfully to offer .the following suggestions: To erect an attic over the main entrance of the present building, to extend along the centre wing; to present on Fifteenth street, and on the front next to the President's house, a pediment, elevated twenty-one feet above those at the extremities of the two fronts above named. This arrangement will give a pyramidal outline to these fronts that 'will remedy the defects complained of; and, as it will retire seventeen feet from the face of the balustrade over the columns, the usual objection to attics surmounting colonnades will be avoided. The attic will furnish, what is so much needed, a depository for files, records, &c,, now kept in a damp basement, subject to decay, and liable to be abstracted for fraudulent purposes. The defects of the present front would be fully remedied by a portico of eight columns, with pediment, &c., projecting twelve feet from the present columns, and corresponding with the centre portions of the centres ofthe north and south wings. This would, however, involve the necessity of projecting the portico into the street, which would be attended with difficulties which I think, however, could be overcome. The walls of the proposed attic would spring from the walls of the front and centre wing walls, and the floors rest on the groined arches of the present attic rooms. For continuing the treasury extension during the year ending June 30, 1857, according to the plan adopted by Congress, there will be required the sum of. $400,000 00 Amount of appropriation of last year Expended to SOth September, 1855 Balance available for current year Lighting and ventilating upper story ofi propriation of $24,600 was made b y t h e and ventilating the upper story of the giving additional security to the funds in $300,000 00 4,219 87 295,780 13 Treasury building.—An aplast Congress for lighting treasury building, and forthe hands of the Treasurer. 234 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Contracts have been made for both objects. The lighting and ventilating will probably be finished by the end of January, 1856. The new vault will be so far completed by the 19th November as to be in a condition to receive the funds of the department. The appropriation is more than enough for the objects contemplated, and it is desirable that the surplus should be allowed to be expended for similar purposes iri the basement. Total amount of appropriation $24,600 00 Expended to 30th September, 1855 •.... 680 15 Balance available 23,959 85 Philadelphia mint.—The condition of the mint was found, on inspection, to be such that it could no longer be left safely without-thorough repairs; the floors, window casings, and frames o f t h e roof were of wood, much decayed, and liable to take fire. The vaults also were insecure. An estimate of the amount required to make the building fire-proof, and to give additional security to the vaults, was asked of the last Congress, and an appropriation of $125,000 was made for this purpose. After the removal of the machinery, the work ofremoving floors, &c., was commenced on the 9th of July last. On the 27th of the same month wrought-iron beams and brick arches were commenced. The vaults were immediately provided with chilled iron doors, and the most approved locks. Many of the partition walls,and the furnaces were so far destroyed by acids that it was found necessary to take them down. The doors and windows of the lower story have been fitted with neat iron doors and window shutters. A corrugated galvanized iron roof, supported by an iron frame, is now being put on, and iron sash and windows in lieu of the present wooden ones. The brick arches supporting the floors of the second and third stories are nearly completed, and the plastering and painting is about to be commenced, after v/hich the' machinery will be replaced. The amount expended to the SOth September was $41,580 01, leaving an available balance of $83,419 99. This sum is ample to complete thp repairs and alterations in the most substantial and perfect manner. The assay office at New York was completed and went into operation on the 9th of October, 1854, and is represented by its officers as convenient and well arranged. Branch mint at New Orleans.—Appropriations have been made, amounting to $92,000, for taking down some of the walls of this building, which lean so much as to be considered insecure. There are other repairs rendered necessary from imperfect workmanship and from natural decay of materials. This work will be commenced as soon as the season advances so far as to render it safe for workmen to go to the city. Branch mint at Charlotte, N. C.—-An appropriation of $8,850 was made for putting a new roof on the branch mint at Charlotte, North Carolina, and for other necessary repairs.. A contract has been made for this work, and the whole is expected to be completed by the 1st February, 1856o ' REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Total amount of appropriation. Expended to SOth September, 1855.. Balance available 235 $8,850 00 20 00 8,830 00 Public buildings in Minnesota.—The last report from the superintendent of the public buildings in Minnesota indicates the completion of the work at an early day. No further appropriation is probably required, as no intimation to that effect has been received from the superintendent. Total amount of appropriation $66,500'00 Expended to the SOth September, 1855 64,088 50 Balance available for current year 2,411 50 State-house and penitentiary, Santa F e , N. M.—The difficulty and delay of making contracts for the public buildings at a point so remote as Santa Fe, New Mexico, se'emed to render it expedient that the work be done by hired labor and open purchase. The general superintendence^ of these buildings was given to his excellency D. Meriwether. After selecting a suitable site the work was commenced, and is now progressing satisfactorily. Total amount appropriated .' $70,000 00 Amount expended.to September 30, 1855 31,750 0.0 Available for the current year 38,250 00 Penitentiary at Utah.—The appropriations for this building were placed under the charge of A. W. Babbitt, Secretary of the Territory, who was also requested to act as commissioner and disbursing agent, and to see that the work was faithfully done. From his report the work will be completed by the 15th of October. The work is. well and faithfully done. There remains ofthe appropriation unexpended $12,000. The superintendent recommends that this sum be expended in covering the adobe \Yalls surrounding the building with stone coping, and to plastering the interior and exterior of the walls, to pro- ^ teet them from the weather. This suggestion I veiy respectfully recommend be adopted. . Total amount of appropriation $45,000 00 Expended to last returns 33,000 00 Balance available 12,000 00 ' Appraisers'^ stores., San Francisco.—Contracts were entered into on the 28th of June, 1855, for the entire materials and workmanship of the appraisers' stores at San Francisco, at $53,500. This work was commenced soon after the execution of the contract, and has. progressed rapidly, and will be finished by the time specified in the contract, viz : March 1, 1856. Pier No. 1, East river, in the city ofi New York, was repaired under a contract made with Mr. Andrew Clark, The work was thor 236 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. oughly done at an expense of $6,119. This amount was paid from the ^^ appropriation to defray the expenses incidental to the collection of the revenue." I beg leave to invite the attention of the department to the subject' of giving additional security to the numerous deposites of government money in the custom-houses, mints, and post offices, now being constructed, as well as many already in use. To accomplish this object I would respectfully recommend that, in addition to the most approved vault, the funds should be placed in burglar-proof safes enclosed within the vaults. Where granite can be had, and where the building will admit of its use, it is undoubtedly the material that should form the walls of the vault. No passage through walls of granite blocks, well secured together, can be made without creating so much noise as to alarm the guards ; and should .the guards prove unfaithful, still the operation of cutting through a granite block, sixteen or eighteen inches thick, would occupy more time than these treasures are usually left to the watchfulness of the guards only. Even if the wall be. penetrated, there yet remains the safe to be broken before the money can be secured. YV'hen bricks or softer stone than granite can only be procured for the walls of the vault, it should be lined with plates of chilled iron. A plan has been considered, and an estimate of the probable cost of giving the additional security required in the several buildings now in progress, and such as can be ascertained to be deficient in this respect in other depositories, now in use, will be made and submitted. . , I have the honor to be, very respectfully, A. H. BOWMAN, EngineerAn charge, Treasury Department. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury. Tabular statement ofi custom-houses, marine hospitals, and other buildings in charge ofi the Bureau ofi Construction nnder the Treasury Department, exhibiting the date ofi purchase of site, cost of same, amount available September 30, 1854, amount expended during the year, available fior the current year, date ofi contract, and completion ofi the work, and contract price, &c. Date of purchase of site. Cost of site. Name of work. Amount avail- Date of con- Contract price. Date of comAmount ex- Amount availtract. pended during able Sept. 30, pletion. • able. . theyear ending 1854, and approSept. 30,1855. priated since. O Custom-houses. E l l s w o r t h . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine Waldoboro' do Bath do... Portland do. BelJfast do Bangor do Burlington . . . 1 Vermont Gloucester Mass B^arnstable do Providence Rhode Island.. Biistol „»--„. do New Haven „...Connecticut.. Oswego NewYork... Buffalo ....do........ Plattsburg.. . do Newark New Jersey.. Wilmington Delaware... Richmond „ . . . . Virginia Norfolk . _ - do Petersburg do Alexandria do "V^Hieeling ...do Charleston „.»South Carolina. April 11,1855. $3, 000 Noy. 9, 1852.. 2, 000 Feb. 7,1852.. . 15,000 July 5, 1849-. 149,000 Feb. 24, 1855. 3, 800June 5, I85I.. 15,000 Dec. 4, 1854.. 7,750 June 6, 1855.. 7,500 April 24,1855. 1,500 Dec. 15,1854. 40,000 Sept. 13,18554,400 June 1, 1855.. 25,500 Dec. 15, 1854. 12,000 Jan. 26, 1855. 40,000 May 30,1855.. Nov. 26, 1852, Mar. 16, 1853. Feb. 28, 1852. July 12,1855.. 50, 000 3,500 61,000 13, 000 35,000 Nov. 29, 1854. July 10,1849.. 20,500 130,000 $ n , 0 0 0 00 .22, 723 00 41,558 96 199,990 00 22,000 00 38,748 12 44,000 00 44,000 00 22,000 00 249,702 00 13,750 00 96,800 (to 96,800 00 96,800 00 55,000 00 96,800 00 24,916 46 188,9.25 00 101, 333 30 68,200 00 55,000 00 96,800 00 659.543 36 $798 7,102 7,511 26,182 10,150 35,590 . 3, 823 3, 644 1,606 43, 915 58 33 97 27 03 29 65 42 57 70 Oct. 16,1855.. April 13, J 855 July 9, 1853.. April 25,1855. May 30, 1855. March 5,1855 Sept. 130,1855. feept. 8,1855.. July 19, 1855.. May 28, 1855.. 28, 238 40 26,596 78 17,250 00 151,000 00 Dec. ] , 1856.. Nov. 1, 1855.. Sept. 1,1856.. Oct. 31,1856-. June 30,1856. Oct. 31,1855.. Dec. 1, 1856.. March 1,1857, June 30, 1856. March 4,1857. Sept. 29, 1855. Sept. 1,1855.. July 25,1855.. 88,000 00 77,255 00 81,345 00 March 1,2857. Feb. 1, 1857.. March 1,1857. 6,342 61 6, 304 73 10,544 78- March 1, 1857. Oct. 1, 1855... July I, 1857... Dec. 1, 1855.. 6,369 14,918 16,116 66, 594 3,253 Aug. 18,1855.. Aug. 4, 1853.. July 11,1855.. May 17,1853,. $9,200 15,800 47,594 153,500 17,500 75,948 29,234 110,000 101,333 00 00 36 00 00 71 00 00 30 39 13 47 58 80 6,071 58 201,951 85 $10,201 15,620 34, 046 173,817 11,849 2,757 40,176 40, 355 20, 393 205,786 13,750 90,457 90,495 86, 255 55,000 90,430 9, 998 172,808 34,738 64,946 55,000 . 90,728 457,591 42 67 99 73 97 83 35 .58 43 30 00 39 27 22 00 61 33 53 72 20 00 42 51 O w >^ > o CO STATEMENT—Contmued. Date of purchase of site. Cost of site. Name of work. oo CO Amount avail- Date of con- Contract price. Date of com- Amount ex- Amount availpletion. pended during tract. able. able Sept. 30, the year ending 1854, and approSept. 30,1855. priated since. Custom-houses—Continued. Mobile o Pensacola... New Orleans Alabama.. Florida . . . . . . . Louisiana . - Galveston . . - . - - «. Texas, o.. St. Louis Missouri... Louisville... : . . . Kentucky... Cincinnati Ohio Toledo do....... Sandusky do Cleveland do Detroit . . . Michigan.. Chicago Illinois... Milwaukie Wisconsin . Astoria. Oregon... San Francisco California.. Oct. 31,1851.. Acquired by cession from Spain. Gift from First M unicipality, June 21,1847, July 23, 1855. Oct. 31,1851.. Oct. 7, 1851 Sept. 24,1851Nov. 29, 1854. Nov. 29, 1854 $12,500 $302,981 63 38,500 00 Juiy 1,1856... July 23,1853. $56,479 88 1246,481 75 38,500 00 "pi 738,990 54 6,000 37,000 16,000 50,000 12, 000 11,000 Jan. 10, 1855Feb. 16, 1855.. 26,600 12,200 Sept. 5,1854.. 150,000 Maine May 30, 1855. Sept. 19,1855: Vermont... Massachusetts.. Ceded by Navy Department. North Carolina 11,000 1,750 110, 000 273, 820 168,714 138, 709 44, 000 44, 000 96, 800 96, 800 96, 800 96, 800 40, 000 313, 920 00 88 24 56 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 Dec. 24,1853 1853 and 1854 July 18,1853.. July 1, 1856. May I, 1857. Dec. 1, 1856- 273,355 11 465,635 43 5,052'52 89,478 00 59,028 64 64,773 21 3, 898 63 3, 358 50 104,947 48 184,342 37 109,685 60 73,936 35 40,101 37 40,641 50 96,800 00 88, 492 33 90, 318'37 91,809 61 40,000 00 19,170 01 8,307 67 6,481 63 4,990 39 Dec. 22, 1855 Dec. I, 1855-- 294,750 20 Marine hospitals. Portland Burlington Chelsea Wilmington . = O 68,863 00 38,500 00 150,000 00 44,000 00 April 16, 1855. 66,200 00 Aug. 1, 1856.. 24, 96i 61 Aug. 9, 1855.. 114,770 00 March 3, 1857. " i l , ' 6 9 1 05 43, 898 33 38,500 00 138,308 95 44,000 00 O O Ul Vicksburg Pensacola St. Mark's New Orleans Cincinnati. Cleveland Evansville Galena » Burlington St. Louis.. San Francisco Mississippi.. Florida . - do : Louisiana.. Ohio -do Indiana... Illinois . . . Iowa Missouri.. Califorma. Mar..28, 1854 4,500 Government propeity. July 23, 1855 12,000 Oct. 11, 1837. April 29, 1853. 12,000 6,000 Oct. 20, 1855. 3,500 60,000 00 April 25,1855. 22,000 00 .5,000 00 272,800 50,000 24,870 24,647 15,000 16,500 6,790 44,000 00 00 96 Jan.15,1855-01 June I, 1353.. 00 00 00 00 57,021 02 July 31,1856.. .........----. 821 10 20,000 00 Dec. 31. 185540,000 00 July 1, 1855..- 12,403 7,329 12,624 18,560 49 42 00 00 106 85 6,790 00 5,268 80 42,247 00 21,178 90 5,000 00 260, 396 42,670 12,246 6,087 15,000 16,393 51 58 ^6 01 00 15 38,731 20 Marine hospitals undergoing repairs Natches Napoleon Paducah Chicago Louisville - . . Mississippi., Arkansas. Kentucky.. Illinois... ; Kentucky., Treasury extension Lighting and ventilating treasury building. New York assay office Philadelphia mint Branch mint. New Orleans Branch mint, Charlotte, N. C San Francisco, appraisers' stores.. New Mexico, public buildings. Minnesota, public buildings Utah penitentiary O 6,035 280 7,007 8,000 13,045 6,035 111 5,007 26 12,484 37 94 59 00 64 4,219 87 680 15 300,000 00 Days' labor 24,640 00 23,739 125, 000 9.2,000 8,850 100,000 70,000 11,500 45,000 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -17,848 50 41,580 01 Days' labor... Davs' labor June 28, 1855.. Days' labor... Days' labor 37 55 59 00 46 53, 500 00 March 1,1856. 20 25,OUO 31,750 8,088 27,847 00 00 00 50 85 169 2,0(10 7,974 561 39 00. 00 18 o w 295,780 13 23, 959 85 5,880 83,419 92,000 8,830 75,000 38,250 2,411 17,152 74 99 00 00 00 00 50 15 o Ul A. H. BOWMAN, Engineer in charge, Treasury Departinent. CO 240 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. LIST OF CUSTOM-HOUSES- PURCHASED, BUILT, OR CONSTRUCTION. NOW IN THE COUESE OF Custom-houses purchaised—10. Cost. ^Portland Maine Kennebunk do. Castine. do Wiscasset do Portsmouth, NewHampshire Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Erie do ,. Alexandria, Virginia... Charleston, South Carolina Monterey, California—acquired by conquest. $149,000 1,575 1,950 2,200 8,000 264,387 29,000 7,419 60,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 523,531 00 * Burned January 8, 1854 ; being rebuilt. Custom-houses built-—1%. Cost. Bangor Mairie Eastport do... Salem .Massachusetts New Bedford .do Newburyport do Boston do Providence .....Khode Island Newport.. do New Haven Connecticut Middletown.... do New London do New York New York ¥mmington Delaware Baltimore Maryland Wilmington North Carolina Savannah Georgia Key West Florida... Pittsburg Pennsylvania.. San Prancisco California, |100,000 00 35,289 00 31,771^ 00 31,740 00 23,188 00 1,076,658 00 13,395 00 10,000 00 8,388 00 15,656 00 20,337 00 1,198,313 00 36,828 .00 185,501 00 55,933 00 167,448 00 1,000 00 111,010 00 847,101 QO 3,969,556 0.0 KEPORT ON THE FINANCES. 241- Custom-houses in the course ofi constructi^i, or fior which appropriation's have heen made, with the names ofi their superintendents.. Places where biiilding. ..,,,,,,,,,.,Maine,,...,,., Wald^oboro' ...,,,...do Belfast...,,,,.,, do..... Portland..,,.„.,,...do.,,,. Ellsworth.,.,. ,,.do,.,.,..,., Giou-eester,,. ..Massachusetts. Bamstabie ,,do , Providence Ehode Island, Bristol,..,,, ,.,„do,,„,,..,, New Haven,,,., Connecticut,,, Burlington,..,., Vermont Plattsburg,,,,,,New York Oswego.,,,,,.,,,,,,,,do.,.,,,.... Buffalo,,, „.„do„„ Newark,,,.,,,,,New Jersey.,,, Riehnaoind..,,.,.. Vir ginia..,,,, Norfolk . , , , . „ , , „ , , . do.., Fetersburg ..,.,.,,..do.,,. , Wheeling,.,.,,.,,,,,do,,,,,.,.., Alexandria,...,,,,,.,do .,, Charleston.. .South Carolina,, Mobile,,,,..,,,..Alabama..,,,, New Orleans.,.Lomsiana,,,,, Galvestosa....,,,,,Texas.,...,.. St. Louis., Missouri,.,.,.. Louisville,,,,,,Kentucky,..,,, Cincinnati,.,...,,,.Ohio,,,,,,;. Cleveland,,..,,.,..,.do...,...,., Sandusky ., ,do.., Toledo,..........",....do, Detroit Michigan Milwaukie,.,.,, Wisconsin,.... Chicago Illinois Pensacola Florida Astoria...........Oregon.,....., Superintendeiits. Moses Springer, jr. William Bennett, Ephraim Swett. William B. Franklin. Erastus Redman. David White. Thomas Holmes. Thomas Seckel. Not yet appointed, Marcus Bassett. Joseph D. Allen, Not yet appointed^ Moses P . Hatch. William H, Pettis. C. Harrison Condit. Albert Ly brock. John H. Sale. Not j ^ t appointed. Do. do. Do. do. E. B, White. D. Leadbetter. G. T. Beauregard. • Not yet appointed. George J, Barnett. E. E. Williams. Thomas M. Bodley. Not yet appointed. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. RECAPITULATION. Purchased........ Built In construction. Aggregate.... o.o 16 10 19 35 64 242 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. List ofi marine hospitals built, tvith their cost—16. Cost. Chelsea, Massachusetts, (old building). Pittsburg, Pennsylvania Norfolk, Virginia -. Charleston, South Carolina Ocracoke, North Carolina Key West, Florida Mobile, Alabama .....'. New Orleans, Louisiana Natchez, Mississippi Napoleon, Arkansas St. Louis, Missouri Paducah, Kentucky Chicago, Illinois Cleveland, Ohio Louisville, Kentucky San Francisco, California.. |28,100 70,569 10,128 40,715 8,927 27,100 46,370 129,881 70,285 59,081 92,274 49,625 49,738 84,275 61,939 185,629 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 00 1,014,636 00 Marine hospitals in the course ofi construction, or for which appropriations have been made, with names of their superintendents—13. Places where building. Superintendents. Portland, Maine Chelsea, Massachusetts, (new building) .... Burlington, Vermont Wilmington, North Carolina St. Mark's, Florida Pensacola..... do New Orleans, Louisiana , Vicksburg, Mississippi Evansville, Indiana Cincinnati, Ohio Detroit, Michigan Galena, Illinois Burlington, Iowa William B. Franklin. B. S. Alexander. Not yet appointed. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. John Bobb. E. E. Williams. Not yet appointed. William Barclay. Not yet appointed. Do. do. RECAPITULATION. Built ..^ I n construction. ^6 13 Aggregate 29 A. H. BOWMAN, Engineer in charge, Treasury Department. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 243 GENERAL RECAPITULATION. 10 19 35 16 13 custom-houses, purchased custom-houses, built custom-houses, in course of construction* marine hospitals, built marine hospitals, in course of construction $523,531 3,969,556 7,392,408 1,014,636 872,163 00 00 00 00 00 100,000 125,000 8,850 92,000 00 00 00 00 Miscellaneous. 1 assay office. New York, built 1 Philadelphia mint 1 branch mint, Charlotte, North Carolina 1 branch mint. New Orleans 4 territorial public buildings, (capitols and penitentiaries) 1 appraisers' store, San Francisco 1 treasury extension*. Lighting and ventilating upper story of treasury building 103 buildings. ^ ' 181,500 00 100,000 00 700,000 00 24,600 00 15,104,244 00 * The cost of constructing the New Orleans and Charleston custom-houses and the treasury extension cannot be estimated with any degree of reliability. It is contemplated that all other structures will be completed out ofthe appropriations applicable to them, with some few exceptions, to which it will be found attention has been called, under their appropriate heads A. H. BOWMAN, Engineer in charge, Treasury Department. 244 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 53. REPORT ON MARINE HOSPITALS, BY WM. M. GOUGE. WASHINGTON CITY, November 9, 1855» SIR : On my recent journeys, I, in compliance with your instructions, visited as raany of the marine hospitals as lay on my route. Of each that I visited I gave you a particular account, drawn up on the spot; but, in addition thereto, your instructions call for a brief general report OIL their condition. At Eichmond, Virginia, the sick sailors are well accommodated ira good rooms in the medical college, a building that stands in a high and airy part of the city. At Norfolk, or rather at Washington Point, which lies between the two cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, we have a good old-fashioned hospital, with grounds well enclosed, and well planted with grass and trees. Some of the property-holders object to having the hospital in their vicinity ; but, apparently, without good reason. I t h a s stood where it now is for fifty years, and is on a lot that was set apart for a hospital by the authorities of Virginia, previous to the revolutionary war. The New York city hospital fronts on one of the most frequented parts of Broadway, and the Pennsylvania Hospital is in one of the most elegant and regularly built parts of Philadelphia, An appropriation has been made for the erection of a hospital at Wilmington, N. C , but it had notbeen commenced when I was there, owing to the legislature having neglected to pass an act to exempt the property from taxation. At Charleston, S. C , the United States have a marine hospital., which has been placed under the control of the city authorities. They are allowed the use of the building free of rent, and sixty cents a day for each sick sailor received therein. The sick sailors here are well attended to, and at less expense than would probably be incurred if the government should take the immediate control of the establishment. At Savannah, Georgia, the sick sailors are boarded in an establishment belonging to the city. They are well attended to. At St. Mark's, Florida, there is much need for a hospital, as there is no house in the neighborhood, either public or private, in which sick sailors can be properly accommodated. In constructing it, it will be necessary to guard against both the winds and the floods with which that vicinity is sometimes visited. At Pensacola, the sick sailors are provided, for in a building which has been temporarily hired for the purpose. An appropriation has been made to erect a hospital there, but the commencement of it has been delayed, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a suitable site at a fair price. At Mobile^ we have a very good hospital in the outskirts of the city, and the use of a floating hospital at the anchorage in the bay. At New Orleans, .there is a spacious hospital on the Algiers side of REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 245 .the river. An appropriation has been made for the erection of a new hospital within the bounds of the city. It is not immediately wanted ; but it may be by the time it is finished. At Natchez there is a hospital^ which I had not an opportunity to visit; and an appropriation has been made to erect one at Vicksburg. At Napoleon, at the junction of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers, there is a large hospital, which has been recently opened for the reception of sick boatmen. At St. Louis there is, likewise, a large hospital that has recently "been opened for the reception of such sick boatmeh as have contributed to the marine hospital fund. An appropriation of $15,000 has been made for the erection of a hospital at Galena, Illinois. It has not been commenced, owing to the legislature not liaving passed an act to exempt the property from taxation. The number of sick boatmen is there so few, that the sum appropriated ought, as is conceived, to cover the whole cost of the ground and the buildings. At Detroit and Buff'alo, the sick sailors are boarded in the hospitals of the Sisters of Charity. Provision has been made for the erection of a hospital at Detroit. At Chicago there is a very large marine hospital. A small appropriation is wanted to put the grounds in suitable order. At Cleveland there is a very elegant hospital, which was not quite finished when I saw it, though some ofthe rooms were then occupied. At Cincinnati, Ohio, the sick boatmen are boarded in the Commercial Hospital, an institution which has the patronage of the city and the county. An appropriation has been made for the erection of a marine hospital in that city, but it has not yet been commenced, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a suitable site. At Pittsburg, or rather at Manchester, in the vicinity of Pittsburg, there is a large marine hospital. At Oswego, New York, and Burlington, Vermont, the sick sailors are provided for in private boarding-houses. An appropriation has been made for the erection of a marine hospital at Burlington. At Portland, Maine, the sick sailors are boarded in a private hospital. A large marine hospital has there been commenced. At Chelsea, near Boston, thei;e is a good old-fashioned hospital; but it is not large enough, and measures have been taken for the erection of a new one, on a more extensive scale. At New London, Connecticut^ the sick sailors are sent to private boarding-houses. At New York they are well provided for in the New York city hospital, and in the Brooklyn hospital. AtPhiladelphia the greater part of them receive every requisite attention in the Pennsylvania Hospital, though a few are sent to a hospital recently established by the Protestant Episcopalians in another part of the city. At Baltimore they are placed in a hospital which is under the care of the Medical Department of the University of Maryland. From what I have seen I have come to the following conclusions : 1. That where private enterprise, private benevolence, or the local authorities, have erected suitable hospitals, i t i s b e t t e r for the 246 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. United States government to send its sick sailors to them, rather than to erect hospitals of its own. Nowhere are the sick sailors better attended to than in the hospitals of New York, Brooklyn, and Philadelphia, though the cost per man is less than half as much as it amounts to in some of our marine hospitals. 2. That in those towns in which there are as yet no hospitals erected by private benevolence, or by the local authorities, it will be well for the United States to hold out encouragement for the erection of such hospitals, by engaging to pay a fair price for such sick sailors and boatmen as may be received into them. It costs less to support 'one hospital having accommodations for fifty persons, than two hospitals having each accommodations for twenty-five. W i t h the board received for United States patients many hospitals might be sustained, which could not otherwise be supported ; and,.at the same time, the government will have to pay less than would be required to defray the expenses of hospitals of its own. By government's cooperating in this way with the local authorities, and with benevolent individuals in the private walks of life, the sum total of the cost ot the hospital service of the country will be diminished, while the government will, at the same time, avoid any improper entanglement with the affairs of the local authorities, or of private persons. It will simply engage to give them a specific sum for a specific service ; and if they do not perform that service properly, it will make other provisions for its sick sailors and boatmen. 3. That, in order that all who contribute to the marine hospital fund may share in its benefits, it will be necessary, in those places where there neither are, nor are likely to be, public or private hospitals, for the United States government to encourage the keepers of some private boarding-houses to set apart a few rooms exclusively for the use of the sick, providing them with bathing apparatus and whatever else is most requisite to such as are under medical treatment. The annual cost of upholding twenty or thirty of such boardinghouses would be less than that of sustaining one marine hospital. The advantages of them would be great. The sailor, whenever he was taken sick, would have the chance of prompt relief. 4. That the hospitals at Brooklyn, New York, and Philadelphia, are, in their structure and arrangements, the best I have seen, and as such well deserving the attention of architects who may be employed in the erection of marine and other hospitals. 5. That pest-houses, or houses for the accommodation of persons afflicted with smallpox, or other contagious and infectious disorders, should never, but in extreme cases, be erected by the United States government. If so erected, they will but imperfectly serve the purposes intended, for others besides sailors and boatmen are liable to be in this way afflicted. One pest-house is wanted in each commercial town ; but one is enough. The local authorities know best where it should be placed, and how.it should be managed. The United States government should, of course, pay a fair price for such sailors or boatmen as it may send to those pest-houses. In some towns there appears to be a desire, on the part of some of the inhabitants, to have marine hospitals erected, not because they are actually wanted for the relief of sick sailors or sick boatmen. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 247^ hut simply that additional sums of public money may be there expended. If this feeling be not checked, we shall hay^e sinecure surgeons, sinecure stewards, sinecure matrons, and sinecure nurses, without number. We have too many such already. The whole surplus revenue will not suffice, if the public money is to be expended in certain localities, not because the public good requires it, but for the enrichment of individuals. The condition of the flat-boatmen and the raftsmen on the Mississippi and its tributaries demands attention. They perform as long voyages as the steamboat-men, some of them for thousands of miles, and on the waters of different States. They are as liable to be taken sick at a distance from home as are the steamboat men, or the sailors engaged in the coasting trade. Yet, as they contribute nothing to the hospital fund, they have no right of admission into the marine hospitals. If they could be registered, and made to contribute to the hospital fund, it would be greatly to their advantage. They are a class of men who, after a little instruction, would yield iniportant service on ship-board in case of a maritime war ; and, on such an occasion, no man would be more forward than they to offer their services to their country. If difficulties should stand in the way of their being registered, :I would respectfully suggest whether they might not be admitted into the marine hospitals on condition of their paying a small sum per day, as is now done by foreign sailors. I pen these remarks with the expectation of being separated, at least for a time, from the Treasury Department. My intercourse with you and the other gentlemen of the department has been very pleasant; and so also has been my intercourse with the treasury depositaries, the supervising and local inspectors of steamboats, and the^ officers of the marine hospitals. I have taken great interest in the different branches of public duty on which I have been engaged, but I would have discharged them more to my own satisfaction if they had not been so multifarious. Any one of these branches of duty would give full employment to the time and faculties of one man. A proper division of labor is of as much importance in affairs of government as it is in the concerns of private life. A great advantage is gained when a public officer can concentrate his faculties on a single object. But though, with every year, the duties of the Secretary of the Treasury increase, provision is not made to give him the additional aids which the increase of his duties requires. Especially are good travelling agents wanted to connect together different parts of systems which are scattered all over the country, but which require general supervision to make them what they ought to be. If you had one aid who could devote all his time to the treasury depositories, another to the marine hospitals, and another to the steamboat law, I believe that the intentions of Oongress in relation to these objects would, thereby, not only be -more satisfactorily carried into effect, but that there would ultimately be a great saving to the public treasury. I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. M. GOUGE. Hon. JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury, Washington City, D . C . Statement of the operations of marine hospitals, including other arrangements (where theire are no hospitals) for aff'ording relief to seamen in ports ofi the United States, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855. Arrangements for relief. Name of port or place. Alexandria, Va - -. Apalachicola, Fla Baltimore Md „.,. = Bangor, Me » Bath, Me Belfast, Me Beaufort, N. C Bristol, R. I , . . , , . Boston, Mass.---„. 0-, Buffalo, N . Y Brunswick, G a . . . . Barnstable, Mass Bridgetown, N. J Champlain, N.Y. Camden, N. C ;.... Cape Vincent, N. Y Charleston, S. C Cleveland, Ohio Chicago, 111 , Cincinnati, Ohio ,. Detroit, Mich ,... Edgartown, Mass Fairfield, Conn ,, Frenchman's Bay,"Me,, Gal veston J Tex Georgetown, D. G Georgetowu, S. C..-o^, Key West, F l a . . _ „ . , Louis ville J ICy,-ooc... Private boarding do Baltimore Infirmary. Private boarding ...., do -.do ,.,. dO,....o.,.. do Organized hospital, Chelsea Hospitar of Sisters of Charity. . . Private boarding do do..,,..,.,....,...,.. ...do o -.. Contract v/ith Dr. WilUams... - . Private boarding ,. With city authox'ities,... „ Organized hospital ....... do-..Contract with Dr. B a k e r . . - . . . , With hospital in city ,...,.. Private boarding . . , . . , . . , , . . . . .... do , ,,,......., ........do do .,.-,.....,..,-Washington Infirmary With commissioners of the poor. Organized hospital, , B 9 P 9 0 9 9 9 l>»U A O O O ^ Q O Q Q Q Q O Q 9 9 9 Q 9 oo Amount of moneys received. 1648 330 5,182 394 568 448 66 136 13,822 2,169 84 1,588 938 80 456 260 3,539 1,248 1,547 1,257 2,009 343 570 764 1,OgO 549 61 576 57 82 96 93 66 07 60 98 36 50 64 29 05 80 10 70 16 18 05 66 80 41 05 61 84 27 36 67 l j 7 0 1 30 Cost per No, of No. of Amount expended for re- seamen ad- days' relief day, each patient. mitted. afforded. lief. 1236 1,976 4,511 991 1,421 664 140 216 19,454 4,575 588 4,230 498 296 1,952 491 4,187 8,594 13,443 13,844 6,499 1,823 332 1,108 3,124 613 624 3,583 10,530 33 70 71 69 17 60 77 90 17 78 10 71 21 31 63 47 62 18 61 41 15 91 71 28 23 08 62 13 06 21 70 282 117 59 102 II 10 987 252 53 220 31 31 136 32 312 340 723 317 327 53 13 72 199 33 33 201 290 518 2,732 10, 040 1,653 2,260 2,060 149 413 22,278 7,446 621 6,288 1,037 680 2,749 1,184 6,082 12,400 17,987 19,222 13,396 2,649 502 2,294 3^479 1,393 804 2,954 10,169 45.6 73.5 44.9 59.9 62,8 32.2 94.4 52.5 87,3 61,4 94.7 67.2 48.0 43.6 71,0 41.5 68,8 69.3 74,7 72.0 48,5 68,8 66,0 48,3 89,8 44,0 77.6 21,0 3,0 00 Remarks. 9 months. o O W r/2 Middletown, Conn. Milwaukie, Wis . . . Memphis, Tenn . . . Mobile, Ala Machias, Me Napoleon, Ark Natchez, Miss.. Newbern, N.C Nashville, Tenn . . . New Orleans, L a . . Newport, R. I New York, N . Y . . . New Haven, Conn. Norfolk, Va .. New London, Conn Ocracoke, N. C -Paducah, Ky Passamaquoddy, Me Penobscot, Me Pensacola, Fla Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburg, Pa Portsmouth, N. H Plymouth, N. C Providence, R . I Richmond, Va Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. St. John's, Fla San Francisco, Cal St. Louis, Mo Wheeling, Va Wiscasset, M e . . Waldoboro, Me Private boarding ..do At Memphis hospital Organized hospital Private boarding Organized hospital do Private boarding.., do Organized hospital. With keeper of City hospital With hospitals in city and in Brooklyn. With General Hospital Society of Connecticut... Organized hospital Private boarding Organized hospital do -. Private boarding do Temporary organization Pennsylvania hospital Organized hospital Private boarding do At City hospital Private b o a r d i n g . , . - - . . do .do. Organized hospital Temporary organization. Private boarding do ., do Average cost per day of each patient for all the hospitals. 690 23 1,936 76 1,295 69 10,255 05 272 73 2, 482 07 4,982 84 531 82 103 19 45,943 75 476 92 26,278 75 69 124 149 453 II 43 18 35 5 2,359 17 1,475 1,187 67 1,675 30 837 65 2,844 00 3, 344 82 479 30 476 87 247 38 7, 324 90 1,620 19 194 98 505 52 886 26 354 00 408 09 354 07 6,786 50 3,646 95 760 57 144 86 1,182 99 995 88 4,042 04 501 67 3,408 04 6,291 48 932 91 662 70 6,149 75 7,604 85 6,301 62 1,074 40 807 10 2,993 72 • 302 58 476 37 65 08 37,648 61 4,655 25 416 12 1,241 95 I,366 07 162 38 85 179 74 37 110 493 122 64 64 114 19 45 8 ,298 367 16 55 116 39,764 9,955 632 2,784 2,417 139, 479 15 293,734 24 13,640 385,632 765 1,779 234 2,125 588 1,495 4,774 584 310 8,297 412 40,461 39 43 00 93 68 86 00 00 20 03 76 60 1,721 3,592 1,125 8,734 532 683 493 708 289 50,886 695 56,422 2,73S 5,549 710 1,310 2,735 1,704 1,300 2,785 15,317 4,107 2,856 1,171 4,886 404 1,122 67 1 1 3 10 40.1 53.9 15.0 17.0 51.2 63.0 10. 0 75.2 35.7 90.2 80.1 46.5 36.0 72.8 70.6 60.0 30.0 54.7 50.9 20.0 48.6 53.0 37.6 77.5 61.2 74.8 42.4 97.1 94.6 46.7 65.8 44. 5 56.5 95.2 6 months. o H O 9 months. W 9 months. Ul b3 CO 250 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. No. 54. REPORT OF THE LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Office Light-house Board, October 31, 1855. SIR: l h a v e the honor to submit, in conformity to your instructions^ a report of the proceedings of this Board, and of the operations of the light-house establishment, under its management, during the fiscal year of 1854-'55. The ordinary routine duties of providing and distributing the necessary supplies of oil, wicks, chimneys, cleaning materials, &c., to the different light-houses and light-vessels; making examinations and inspections ; estimates of cost of repairs to the different towerS;, buildings, sea-walls, and vessels, and superintending the necessary repairs; cleaning, painting, numbering and replacing all the buoys authorized by law; preparing correct lists of buoys, beacons and lights; publishing and distributing the necessary notices to mariners of the exhibition of new lights, and of the changes of distinctions of old ones, have been performed under the general instructions and by special direction from this office, in an efficient and economical manner, by the different district inspectors, local superintendents, and the engineer officers of the army, detailed from time to time for this service, in conformity to the acts of Congress. Many of the aids to navigation embraced in the light-house appropriation bill of August 3, 1854, have been completed; the others have either been condemned as unnecessary, in conformity to the Yth section of the act making the appropriations, or are in process of execution. In some cases there has been delay in commencing works, in consequence of defects to titles to the sites, want of cession of State jurisdiction, &c. In all cases in which cession of State jurisdiction is still required to perfect the titles to the sites, applications will be made to the respective State legislatures at the ensuing sessions, for the passage of the necessary laws on the subject. The continued demand for, and the high prices of labor and materials, have impeded, to a considerable extent, the operations in the renovating and repairing branch of the light-house service, and have restricted the operations under this head to within a much narrower limit than was anticipated; yet, on the entire coast, there is scarcely a light station of those established prior to the organization of this board, that has not undergone some repairs during the past year; many of them have received very considerable, although not thorough repairs, in consideration of their original bad construction and the necessity for entirely rebuilding them at an early day; while many others have been completely rebuilt upon proper plans, on secure foundations, and ofthe best materials adapted to the respective localities. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 251 A large number of small lens or Fresnel apparatus has been introduced into such of the old light-houses, during the year, as required new illuminating apparatus, where the lanterns and towers were in a sufficiently good state to warrant their introduction, to the great benefit of the navigating interests and economy of the service, in the diminished consumption of oil and other supplies. The only drawbacks experienced to the speedy and complete change • of the system, from the inefficient and expensive reflectors and lamps, to that of the more efficient and much less expensive lens system, are, the necessity for confining the expenditures under the head of repairs and renovations to the limited amounts annually appropriated for that service, the estimates for which were based upon those of previous years, when labor and materials commanded lower prices than at present, and the time necessary for constructing the number of apparatus required for so many light-houses. The saving in the consumption of oil and other supplies, anticipated by the substitution of lens for reflector apparatus, has been fully realized, as will be seen by the reports of the different inspectors, in 'the appendix to this report. This important item in the economy of the light-house service will be fully appreciated by comparing the quantities of these supplies, now actually required for the lights fitted with both lens and reflector apparatus, with what would have been required had no renovations been made, and had all the light-houses authorized in 1852, and subsequently, been fitted, as" under the old system, with the necessary number of lamps and reflectors. The number of lights in actual existence or authorized up to the 3d of March, 1855, excluding those to be discontinued, is 511; which, at an average of ten lamps and reflectors to each one, (the average under the old system) would make 5,110 lamps to be provided with oil, at an average of forty gallons per lamp, or 204,400 gallons of oil per annum, while the estimate for oil for the next fiscal year is only 148,150 gallons, making a saving of not less than 56,250 gallons per annum; which, at the present rate, including the expense of delivery, would be (at $2 25 per gallon) $126,562 50. This saving will continue to increase annually in the ratio of the introduction of the new apparatus, until the consumption of oil is brought down to its minimum quantity, of about one-fourth the whole quantity which would have been required for a like number of refiector lights. A still greater proportionate saving will be found in the expenditure of other supplies, both in the quantity required and the expenses of delivery at the different light stations. The system of buoyage and beaconage, under the act of Congress, •of 1850, has been steadily continued, with increased and daily increasing advantage to the navigating interests. The number of aids of this description authorized and required for this branch of the service, the casualties arising from ice during the winter months on the eastern coast, the frequent changes in the bars and channels, and the necessity of keeping a constant watch over every part ofthe coast where they are placed, especially during the season of hurricanes and gales, render this duty one of great labor on the part of the inspect 252 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ors, and of heavy expense to the service. The semi-annual removal and replacing of all the buoys on the coast, the frequent inspection and examination of them to verify their positions, and the publication from time to time of corrected lists showing positions, bearings from and to prominent points in the vicinity, and brief remarks to aid the navigator, are realizing all the benefits to navigation (and in an economical point of view) that were anticipated. Under this system^, too, a com|)aratively small number of buoys are driven far from their positions, and but few of those thus removed from their stations by ice, freshets, and gales, are lost to the service. The rapid accumulation of marine, animal, and vegetable matter upon buoys while in position, renders it indispensable that they shauM be frequently removed and newly painted ones substituted, otherwise they fail to meet the wants of the navigator in consequence of the small surface presented to his view, and the difficulty of distingiiishing one from another. Efforts have been made to prevent injury to the wooden buoys l>y the marine worm which is so destructive on many parts of the coast^ by the use of zinc paint in coloring them. This has been found to answer the desired end when the bouys have not been permitted to remain too long in the water. The old system of coppering biiojs has been abandoned. The first cost of buoys so defended was found to be much greater than even that of iron ones, which are much more durable, and they afforded a great temptation to persons to remove, injure or destroy them for the purpose of demanding salvage and for the large amount of copper on them. First-class can and nun buoys are employed to mark the channels^ shoa,ls, and rocks of the most important localities. Second-class can and nun buoys are employed for a similar purpose in localities of a secondary importance, and thirdclass can and nun and spar buoys are employed to mark swash channels, rivers, small harbors, &c. In localities visited during the winter by floating ice, spar-buoys of proper dimensions are substituted for the cans and nuns during the winter months. A few other descriptions of buoys are used as exceptions to the general rule, chiefly as distinctions for localities which it is important should be recognised by the mariner, and should be seen far enough to warn him of his approach to the particular danger. Among the more recent improvements in this class of aids to navigation, is the introduction of bell-buoys. There are now nine of these buoys occupying important statiops, serving at night and in foggy weather to warn the mariner of his proximity to, or to guide him clear of danger. They are constructed in the most substantial manner, upon models particularly adapted to an easy rolling motion, by which the bells are rung; the hulls are divided into compartments,, each being fitted with a pump for the purpose of freeing it from water in the event of leaking. The frequent damage done to buoys by being run down by vessels, and their removal by pilot-boats, fishing-smacks, and other small craft making fast to them to avoid the trouble of anchoring to wait fpr wind or tide, to the endangering of vessels which seek to be guided by them, and to the serious detriment of the public service^ would REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ' 253 seem to render it expedient to pass some general law by which to prevent navigators from unnecessarily damaging, or withdraAving from their proper positions, the buoys and stakes placed at the government expense for their particular benefit. '. The legislatures of some of the States have passed laws for protecting all the aids to navigation within their limits, and the act of Congress approved March 3, 1825, ^^more effectually to provide forthe punishment of certain crimes,'' &c., might possibly be construed to embrace these objects also, but it is considered exceedingly questionable whether the one or the other meets these difficulties. The law, to be effective, should be a general one, extending over eV-ery part of the coast of the United States, and drawn sufficiently in detail to meet every case which could possibly occur. The absence of any restriction ofthe kind in the waters of one State, emboldens those who find it convenient to use buoys for the purpose of warping their vessels by, or making fast to, during adverse winds and tides, or for any other purpose to disregard them where they exist. This has been a fertile source of complaint on the part of mariners on almost every part of the coast, and it is believed a legislative remedy for the evil would be productive of much general good to the navigator, and of a great saving of money to the government. During the last year every light-vessel on the coast, occupying a prominent or important position, requiring a consideralDle range for the light, has been fitted with new and the most approved illuminating apparatus for this description of aid to navigation, with but one exception, and for that station a new vessel is now building. Two years, ago, of the fifty light-vessels in service, there was not one fitted with illuminating apparatus which would produce a light that could be seen under ordinary circumstances more than a few miles. Now there are nineteen light-vessels, occupying the most prominent positions on the coast, which are fitted with the improved illuminating apparatus, producing lights which can be seen, under ordinary circumstances, very nearly as far as a light on land of equal elevation. In many of the light-vessels occupying less important stations, where the lights are not required to be seen more than a few miles, a lampvh^s been introduced producing a light of sufficient power at a greatly diminished expenditure of oil. These renovations and improvements are steadily progressing, limited only by the appropriations available for repairs and improvements of light-vessels. This branch of the lighting service was subjected to more than ordinary outlays, especially on the eastern coast during the last winter, caused by the number of heavy gales and the unusual severity of the storm season. Fog-belis of the proper sizes have been placed on board of all the light-vessels, to be rung by the crews during foggy weather Light-vessels as aids to navigg,tion, being at best inferior to lights in towers, will, it is hoped, gradually give place to permanent structures upon pile or other proper foundations similar to those erected, in course of erection, or authorized at Minot's ledge, in Delaware bay, 254 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. on the coast of Florida, coast of Louisiana, in Chesapeake bay, and in the waters of North Carolina. The successful experiments of Major Hartman Bache at the Brandywine shoal, in Delaware bay, of Major Linnard at Carysfort reef, and of Lieutenant Meade at Sand key, Florida, have, it would seem, removed all doubts as to the utility and practicability of erecting permanent structures at many places on the coast, now marked by lightvessels, while the greater efficiency and economy of the permanent structures are unquestionable. Fog-signals to be worked by machinery have been constructed and placed at nearly all the points on the coast at which they have been authorized ; for those points not yet supplied, contracts have been entered into for the machinery and bells, and the works are in process of construction. Having given this brief general view of the operations of the past year, and the present condition of the service, it is necessary, for a clearer understanding ofthe subject, to give a somewhat more detailed account of the operations in the several light-house districts, by referring to the reports, in the Appendix to this report, of the inspectors and engineer officers charged respectively with the works of construction, repair, renovations, inspections, and the general routine duties of the light-house establishment. In the first light-house district, embracing the seacoasts and navigable waters of Maine and New Hampshire, the service has been under the charge of, and performed in a most satisfactory manner by, Lieutenant W . B. Franklin, of the corps of topographical engineers, light-house inspector of the district. The aids authorized within this district, in the light-house bill of August 3, 1854, in addition to those previously authorized, and the ordinary routine duties of repairs, renovations, improvements, buoyage, beaconage, &c., have given to Lieutenant Franklin, who performs all the duties both of engineer and inspector of the district^ an unusually large number of works to execute during the past year. In this district, the Boone Island, Petit Menan, Baker's Island, and Franklin Island light-houses, have been rebuilt and refitted with suitable lens apparatus. New lanterns have been placed upon Saddleback , Ledge, Cape Elizabeth, Whale's Back and Nashe's Island light-houses. New illuminating apparatus has been placed in Wood Island, Isle of Shoals, and Hendricks' Head light-houses. Extensive repairs have-been made at the Portland Head, Cape Elizabeth, Negro Island, and West Quoddy Head light-houses. New dwellings for keepers have been erected at Owl's Head, Moose Peak, and Libby Island light-houses. New lens apparatus has been substituted for reflectors at Little River , White Head, Portland Head, Cape Elizabeth, Whale's Back and Portsmouth light-houses. A fog-bell has been placed at Portland Head light-house, and the one heretofore at Petit Menan has been altered from the original pattern, and now performs well. Additional buoys and a bell-buoy have been placed to mark the approaches to Portland. Additional buoys have also been placed in the REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 255 Kennebeck and Sheepscot rivers. Also one buoy, beacon, and three spindles in Eockport harbor, a beacon on. Steel's ledge, and one on Trott's ledge. The western entrances to Edgemoggin reach. Fox Island thoroughfare, and Deer Island thoroughfare, have been buoyed throughout. Additional buoys have been placed in Mount Desert harbor. Dangerous ledges near Petit Menan island have been marked by buoys. The Moose Peak reach and St. Croix river have been buoyed, a large beacon erected on a dangerous ledge below Calais, and two large beacons are under construction to mark the channel through the narrows in West Passamaquoddy bay. All the beacons and buoys have been colored and numbered, in conformity to the act of Congress and the regulations. There has been a marked improvement in all the aids to navigation onthe coast of Maine within the last two years. Various causes have combined to bring about this desirable end; but the chief one has been the dissemination of knowledge among the different light-keepers, and the increased interest felt by them in the performance of their duties as they advance in knowledge. Great efforts have been made to place the long neglected towers, buildings, apparatus, buoys, and beacons on this coast, in an efficient state; and to that end, the works of repair and renovation have been pushed forward with great energy, and all available means expended in the most judicious and economical manner. The number of buoys placed during the lastyear, under the acts of Congress, has nearly doubled that of any previous year. The recommendations of the inspector to rebuild certain lightrhouses in this district seem to be eminently proper, and the estimates are placed accordingly in the table of proposed new appropriations. For an account ofthe details ofthe different branches of the lighthouse service in the flrst district, of the past and present condition of the aids, and of proposed improvements, see Table A, and Appendix No. 1, hereto appended. In the second light-house district, embracing the entire coast of Massachusetts, including Boston bay. Buzzard's bay,Vineyard sound, and their tributaries, the works of construction, renovation, and repair have been under the charge of Major C. A. Ogden, of the corps of engineers. Three beacon range lights have been- completed at Holmes's Hole harbor ; a light-house built at Bass river ; repairs made at the Newburyport beacons ; on Fawn Bar beacon, in Boston harbor; and efforts made to preserve the site of the light-house on Billingsgate island, during the last year^ in addition to the ordinary general annual repairs at each of the light-house stations in the district. Among the new works under construction are the Point Alderton Bar beacon, and the light-house at the narrows, Boston harbor ; the light-house on Egg Kock, off Nahant; rebuilding Brant Island and Gay Head light-houses, and the erection of a light-house to mark the dangerous rocks called the '^ Sow and P i g s , " marking the entrance to Buzzard's bay from the Vineyard sound. Fawn Bar beacon having been destroyed during the last winter, is 256 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. now in process of re-construction, upon a plan and foundation that will insure to it permanency. An iron bell-buoy has been constructed to mark the ledge known as the ^^Graves," and another on the ledge called ^^ Harding's," in Boston bay. Kenovations have been made in this district to the extent of the means available for that object. A few changes only havebeen made in the apparatus during the past year, but it is contemplated to introduce, during the coming fall, a large number of fourth, fifth, and sixth order lens apparatus, as substitutes for the old reflectors, now in many instances worn out. The inspections, buoyage, light-vessels^ and the general superintendence and management of these different branches of ih.e lighthouse service in the second district, have been for the last six months in charge of Lieutenant C. H. B. Caldwell, of the navy, as inspector of the district, and in whose hands these aids to navigation have been, in that short space of time, greatly improved. The arduous and difficult task of buoying, and keeping in position the buoys in this district, has been performed with great satisfaction, and in. a uniform and systematic manner, never before successfully accomplished in this district. Accurate beacon and buoy lists for this district have been prepared and published, (for the first time,) since the detail of Lieutenant Caldwell as inspector. The number of light-vessels in this district, occupying important and very exposed positions, require great attention and watchfulness, especially during the storm season, to keep them in position and in an efficient state. The rigor of the past winter, and the unusual number of storms, rendered this service one of great difficulty, and was attended with more than ordinary incidental expenses. All the light-vessels in this district have been thoroughly repaired and fitted with the most approved illuminating apparatus during the past year. Moorings of the proper sizes and weights, and of the most approved description, have been provided for these vessels, and with an ordinary degree of attention to their duties by the keepers they may be maintained at their respective stations during the entire winter. Of the new aids authorized in this district, steps have been taken for executing the law with all practicable despatch. The recommendation of the engineer officer of a small appropriation for rebuilding the beacons at Newburyport, and for the light-house at Billingsgate island, on a proper site, are considered highly proper, and are recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress.— (Appendix No. 2.) The important work authorized to be erected on the Outer Minot Kock, entrance to Boston harbor, has been commenced during the past summer under the direction of Lieutenant B. S. Alexander, of the corps of engineers, under whose special charge the work has been, placed. The difficulties to be overcome in the early stages of the work render its progress necessarily slow. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 257 • During the past summer considerable work in the way of preparing * the rock for the first course of masonry, in providing the necessary means for carrying on the work from the shore adjacent, &c., &G., has been done, and it is designed to continue such operations as may be found practicable, without intermission. A new light-vessel has been built at the navy yard at Kittery, Maine, for ^' Davis's New South Shoal;" and one has been built at the navy yard, Boston, to be placed to mark the danger known as the ^^ Bishop and Clerks," in the Vineyard sound, Mass. In the third light-house district, embracing the coasts of Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and part of New Jersey, including the waters of Long Island sound^ Hudson river, and Lake. Champlain, the general duties of inspections, buoyage, beaconage, and the detailed management of the light-house service, have .been under the charge of Commander A. Ludlow Case, of the navy; and"the general duties connected with constructions and repairs under the directions and control of Captain George Dutton, ofthe corps of engineers. Major W . D. Fraser, ofthe corps of engineers, has had charge, of the works of construction, &c., on Lake Champlain; and Lieutenant E. B. Hunt, ofthe same corps, has had charge ofthe works of cons.truction and repair in the Nevfport subdivision of the district. In this last-named division of the third district the Bristol Ferry and Lime Kock lights have been erected and completed; repairs made at Nayat Point light-house, and at Goat island. The rebuilding of Watch Hill light-house is nearly completed, and that of Beaver Tail is in process of construction. ' The recommendations of Lieutenant Hunt in relation to the providing of a house for the keeper of the Lime Kock light, and for repairs at Dutch island and Nayat Point, and for the protection of the sea-wall at Watch Hill, are, it is believed, worthy of the consideration of Gongress. The proposed change of site and rebuilding ofthe light-house on Block island, is one of pressing necessity. (See Appendix No. 3, hereto attached.) " The ordinary annual (general) repairs to light-houses and beacons have been made under the direction of Captain Dutton, embracing nearly every light station in the district. Of new constructions under the charge of this ofBcer, the lighthouse on Gardiner's island has beeh completed and lighted; six range beacon-lights in-New York bay, nearly completed; a monument on Mill reef, in Kill van Kill, completed; a,beacon on West Oyster-beds, in Newark bay, completed ; a beacon on StodSpit, ihSag harbor, completed; and a beacon at Plum Gut, in process of erection. Examinations have been made with-the view of erecting a beacon or spindle on Race Kock; for beacons in the Connecticut river; for beacons in Fisher's Island and Long Island sounds ; and -the necessary preliminary steps taken for^their early erection. The estimates submitted by Captain Dutton for protective works, are such as are indispensable to the safety and. preservation o f t h e government property at those points. (See Appendix No. 5 and Table A, hereto attached.) 17 ^ -^ 258 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. In the other branches of the light-house service in the third district, in the special charge of Commander Case, of the navy, embracing light-vessels, buoys, substituting new for old illuminating apparatus, distribution of supplies of all kinds, and illuminating apparatus for the different districts, &c., the service has been performed most successfully and satisfactorily. The buoyage of the different channels into New York bay and harbor upon a uniform and systematic plan, the defining ofthe positions ofthe different beacons and buoys, and the publication of correct lists of the same, under the personal superintendence of the inspector, have added greatly to the facilities for entering the bay and harbor. This systematic plan of buoyage has been fully carried out in Narragansett bay .and tributaries, and is near completion in the entire length and breadth of Long Island spund, and adjacent navigable waters. The light-vessels have been placed in a thoroughly efficient state 6 'repair, securely moored, and fitted with the best description of illunlinating apparatus. ' Fog-signals have been placed at Gull island. Dumpling Rock, New London, Saybrook, Throgg's Neck, and Sandy Hook light-houses. Fog-bells which have been authorized for other points are in process of construction, and will be put up at an early day. An iron bell-boat has been constructed, and is about to be placed to mark the dangerous ledge at the entrance to Long Island sound, known as Shagwong reef. New illuminating apparatus *has been provided and placed at the following light stations, viz: Fort Tompkins, Robbin's reef, Bergen Point, Roundout creek, Cedar island, Esopus Meadows, Saugerties, Coxsackie, Morgan's Point, Poplar Point, Norwalk island, Stratford Point, and at Point Judith. , > Cession of jurisdiction has been obtained over the sites of all the authorized new works, and title deeds are in process of verification by the law officers in all cases in which purchases have been agreed upon. The general condition of all the branches of the light-house service "in this district has been greatly improved^ and is considered to be in a most satisfactory state. Renovations and improvements have been limited only by the restricted means at the command of the board; A great saving of oil and of other annual supplies, effected by the introduction of lens apparatus, is as apparent in this as it has been found in other districts. The small sum of $4,000, appropriated August 3,1854, for a lighthouse at Horton's Point, is found to be wholly inadequate tothe erection of the building and providing suitable apparatus; and, as the light is one of considerable importance, an additional sum is asked for that purpose. The rebuilding of the Bergen Point and Passaic River light-houses, and the recommendations for small lights on the Hudson river and in Narragansett bay, are objects worthy of the attention of Congress. The central position of New York, commercially speaking,, and the facilities found there for distributing illuminating apparatus and siip- B^EPORT ON THE FINANCES. 259 plies to the different parts of the Atlantic, Gulf, Lake, and Pacific coasts, add greatly to the duties of the inspector of the third district, all of which have been perfornied with a promptness, system, and economy worthy of the highest commendation. (See Appendix Nos. 4, 5, 6, and Table A , hereto attached.) The fourth light-house district, embracing parts of the coasts of Nevv^ Jersey and Virginia, and the Delaware bay and tributaries, is under the charge of Lieutenant James S. Biddle, of the navy, as inspector. . ^ The buoyage of the inlets on the seacoasts of "New Jersey and Virginia, within the limits of this district, .and of the Delaware bay and river^ has been completed in the, best manner and is kept in the most efficient and satisfactory state. A bell-buoy has been placed to mark the dangerous shoals off Absecum, New Jersey, and another to mark the Fenwick's Island shoal, off the coast of Delaware. G Bell-buoys have also been constructed by contract, under the directions of Lieutenant Biddle, for Charleston, South Carolina, the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi river, for relief in the district, and for Ocklockonee shoals, on the coast of Florida. Renovations have been made and lens apparatus placed in the Barnegat, Tucker's Beach, Delaware Breakwater, Cape Henlopen Beacon^ Mahon's River, Bombay Hook, Cohansey, Christiana, Reedy Island, and Mispillion light-houses. The inspections of lights and other aids in the district, and the general supervision of the service, have been frequent and thorough, resulting in a marked improvement in their condition. A light-vessel has been placed at Five Fathom bank, fitted with improved apparatus, and the vessel b'elqnging to that station has been brought "into port to undergo necessary repair and to be fitted with new apparatus. For a' detailed account ofthe service in the district, see Lieutenant Riddle's report. Appendix No. 7. The works of construction and of extensive repair in this district are under the charge of Lieutenant G. G. Meade, ofthe corps of topographical engineers, who relieved Major Hartman Bache,, of the same corps, during the past year. The works now in progress in the district are, a first-class lighthouse in courseof erection at Absecum, New Jersey; refitting the Cape Henlopen light-house with a first-order lens apparatus; the erection of fhe Cross Ledge and Ship John Shoal screw-pile lighthouses ; .the preservation of the sites at Reedy island and Cohansey; and the superintendence of the construction of fog-bell machinery for different light stations along the coast. The estimates submitted by Lieutenant Meade, for the completion of the works for which partial appropriations have been made in this district, and for the protection of Brandywine Shoal light-house, are recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress, as being essential to the early completion of the several works now in course of execution. The pressing necessity for re-Building the light-house at Barnegat,' 260 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. New Jersey, at an early day, and the urgent need of alight of greater range and power at that point, will be.clearly seen by referring to the reports of Lieutenants Meade and Biddle, heretp appended. This is one bf the pbjects which attracted the attention of the temporary light-house board in 1851, and has .never been lost sight of by the present board since its organization, in 1852. Itsdocation, with reference to the entrance to the harbor of New York; the im.mense number of vessels, of all sizes, dependent upon it as a guide in approaching the great centre of commerce; and the recollection of the loss of a large number of human beings annually, by shipwreck, will, it is hoped and believed, commend it to the special favor of Congress. The light recommended by the inspector to be placed on Fenwick island has been petitioned for, on various occasions; and it is believed its establishment would conduce greatly to the protection of life and property from' shipwreck," on the dangerous coasts of Delaware and Virginia.. (See oieports. Appendix, Nos.-^, 8, 9, 10,, and 11.) , In the fifth light-house district, embracing the coasts of Maryland, part of Virginia and North .Carolina, Chesapeake bay and tributaries,, in charge of Lieutenant A. M. Pennock, of the navy, the usual activity has been displayed in the buoy, light-vessel, and inspection service. (See Appendix No. 12, hereto attached.) • ^ All the light-vessels have been thoroughly repaired, and have been kept at their respective stations during the whole of the last season of storms. Many of them, from the originally bad materials, of which they were constructed, and from long neglect, required large outlays to put them in a proper state of repair for the service required of them. The Bowler's Rock light-vessel (Rappahannock river) was found, upon examination,, to be unfit for repair; and as the station is an important one to the commercial and navigating^interests of that part of the country, itwas deemed advisable and- necessary to send the district relief light-vessel to take the place of .the old vessel. This disposition, however, of .that vessel, has left the district without the means of relief, in the event of accident to any of the light-vessels stationed in.the Chesapeake bay and tributaries. < A new light-vessel has been built for, and will be placed, in a few days, to mark the danger in Chesapeake bay, near the mouth of York river, known as York spit. The buoyage of James river, Elizabeth river, Hampton rpads, ' Chesapeake bay, from Cape Henry to the heads of navigation; of the Rappahannock, Potomac, and Patapsco rivers; and of the inlets, rivers, harbors, &c., on the eastern shore of Virginia and Maryland, . from Metompkin inlet up the whole length of the bay, has been thoroughly, carefully, and systematically executed; and correct lists of beacons and buoys have been prepared and published^ for the. benefit ofthe navigators frequenting those waters. Repairs and. renovations have not been very extensive in this district during the past year. The ordinary indispensable repairs, only, have been.made, except in a few eases, requiring those of a more extensive character. ~ : • , REPORT ON THE FiNANqES, 261 Lens apparatus has been introduced, at Concord Point, Lazaretto, (Baltimore,) Old Point Comfort, Smith's Point, Cove Point, Thomas's Point, Greenbury Point, Piney Point, and Fog Point; and newreflector revolving apparatus has been placed at Back River light-house, Chesapeake bay. ' . _ ,. Fog-hells, have been; placed at Cape Henry, Old Pointy and Fort Carroll light-houses, which are rung-by machinery. Of the works of construction, the,Seven-foot Knoll light-house, mouth of the Patapsco river., near Baltimore, under the directipn pf the engineer secretary of this board, is near completion. . A contract has been entered into for the erection of the light-house; authorized to be built on Jones's Point, Alexandria, Virginia; also iinder the direction ofthe same officer. The light-house and beacon-light near Fort Macon, Beaufort, North Carolina, have beeii completed, un.der the direction of Captain D. P . Woodbury, ofthe corps of engineers, (Appendix No, 13.) < A beacon-light is in process of construction for Old Point Comfort, the execution of the work having been delayed in.consequence of the prevailing epidemic in that vicinity. ^ The light-vessels, in the sounds- of North Carolina have received particular attention, and those requiring them have undergone thorough repairs. Particular attention has been given, by the inspector, to the buoyage and stakeage of the extensive wa.ters of Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, and their tributaries, which are now, for the first time, thoroughly and carefully marked with buoys and stakes. Many of, the works authorized in this district have been delayed for want of cessions.of' States' jurisdiction, which cannot be obtained until the next meeting of the legislatures of the States of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, . ^ , • Such of the works in North Carolina and Virginia as were not delayed on that account will be commenced as soon as the necessary ar- ; rangements can be made for doing so advantageously. The light situated on Smith's island, on the east side of the entrance to ChesapeaKe bay, known as Cape Oharles light-house, is not only past repair for any useful purpose, owing to the originally bad construction of improper niaterials, but is.also in a position not at all calculated, to subserve the purposes of a. seacoast light to mark the approach to so important a navigable artery as the Chesapeake bay and its tributaries; it is therefore recommended that a proper sum be appropriated for building a light-house, and for fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus, for this important station.-. . In the sixth light-house district, embracing thie coasts ,of South Carolina and Georgia, and parts of North Carolina and Florida^ the general dirties of inspection, construction, repairs, &c., were under the charge of Gaptain D. P. Woodbury, of the corps of engineers, as inspector for the first part of the year. ^ . The great extent of coast embraced in this district, and the large number of new aids to navigation authorized at the first sessioii of the last Congress, rendered it necessary, in the opinion of that valuable officer, that his duties should be confined particularly to the several very importaht works of construction and. repair, and he requested to 262 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. be relieved from the duties of inspections, buoyage, light-vessels, &c. Lieutenant C. M. Morris, of the navy, was therefore detailed as inspector, who has been assiduous, since entering upon them, in the dis-. charge of .the various duties devolved upon him, but more especially, in systematizing and perfecting the buoyage, and in the improvement of the light-vessels!, &c., in the district. Captain George W . Cullom, of the corps of engineers, has rendered good service to the light-house establishment in Charleston harbor. I n t h e Savannah river and vicinity. Lieutenant John Newton, of the corps of engineers, during the first part of the year, and Captain J . F . Gilmer, of the same corps, during thelatter part, have rendered valuable service in the construction and repair of aids to navigation. The r'eport of Captain Woodbury (see Appendix No. 13) presents a detailed account of the numerous works constructed, repaired, and now in course of construction by him, among the most prominent of which may be named the important light-house at Cape Romain, and the four range beacons on Sullivan's and Morris's islands. The Fort Sumter, Castle Pinkney, and Battery lights in Charleston harbor are in charge of Captain Cullom, the two former of which are near completion. Four beacons have been erected in the Savannah river, and several light-houses repaired and in course of repair by Captain Gilmer. Titles have not been obtained t o t h e sites o f t h e different light-' houses authorized on the coast of South Carolina at the first session of the last Congress, in consequence of the prices asked for the requisite quantities of land, being, in the opinion of the department, far beyond the fair valuation • of the property; but it is hoped that these obstacles will be removed at no distant day, as the lights when established will add greatly to .the present facilities for navigating on that coast. Efforts, have been made to obtain a valid title to the sites for the light and beacon authorized to be erected' at the mouth of the St. John's river, Florida, but so far without success; not so much on account of any objections on.the part of the owner of the land, as of the defect in the title vested in the present owner. It is believed a perfect title will be obtained at no distant day, in which event the works which the interests of commerce in that quarter have so long demanded will be commenceel and pressed to completion without unnecessary delay. In this district, with greater difficulties to overcome than in any other on this coast, arising from various causes, the general improvement in the aids to navigation is becoming daily more and inore apparent; and after the exhibition of the lights now authoriz.:d, and the completion of the bouyage and beaconage now in process of execution upon the general systematic plan, but little more will be needed to render navigation pn that entire coast as safe and easy as in any other part of the world. . The recommendations of the engineer officers and the inspector of the district are commended to the favorable consideration of Congress. (See Appendix, Nos. 13, 14, and 15, and Table A.) . REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 263 The seventh light-house district, embracing the peninsula of Florida, from near St. Augustine to St. Mark's light-house, and including the dangerous keys, reefs, and shoals on that coast within those limits, is in charge of Lieutenant M. C. Watkins, of the navy.^ (Appendix No. 16.) The service in this district is attended with much difficulty and many hardships ; but by the great energy and activity on the part of Lieutenant Watkins, the inspector, the aids to navigatipn have been greatly improved within the last year. The marking of Tampa bay and tributaries, and of the channels • leading into Key West, with buoys and stakes, has been completed, under the persona! direction of the inspector, in the best manner. The inside channel from Cape Florida to Key West has been thoroughly examined, and the necessary buoys provided, which are now being placed. Great attention has been given to the attendance upon, and management of the lights, to the cleanliness of the towers and buildings, and to the instruction of keepers in their duties. The beacons authorized to be erected upon the sites occupied by the Coast Survey signals along the Florida reefs have been erected by Lieutenant James Totten, of the" army, under the direction of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey, with but one or'two exceptions. The whole number will, it is expected, be completed during the present season on that coast. The placing of these day-marks along those dangerous reefs has fully realized the anticipations of all who are engaged in navigating /the Florida Pass. A few more aids of this description are still needed on that coast to complete the work. The necessity for additional aids'has been shown by the developments of the hydrographical operations of the Coast Survey in that quarter. ' . The works of construction and renovation in this district are under the charge of Lieutenant George G.. Meade, of the corps of topographical engineers. . The works at Jupiter inlet. Coffin's Patches, Rebecca shoal, and the improvement of the light at Cape Florida, are now, or have been during the year, in process of execution. The materials have been procured, and the illuminating apparatus received for these important liglits. The failure to erect the beacon at Rebecca shoal ^ has arisen, first, from the epidemic on that cpast; and secondly, from the continued unfavorable weather for .operating at such an exposed position. While the delay in the first instance, and the destruction of the temporary works in the second place, are greatly to be regretted, yet the reports of Lieutenant Meade will be found to explain fully and satisfactorily that no proper efforts were, omitted to carry out the . instructions of the board. (See Appendix, Nos. 11, 16, and 1*7, and Table A.), The board is indebted to Captain H. G. Wright, of the corps of engineers, in charge of the fortification works at .Garden key (Tortugas,) for his valuable report, and the estimate, based upon it, for a '264 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. new light-house at that important point, both commercially and as one of the most prominent military stations of the country. A first-class light has been needed for many years at the Dry Tortugas, to serve as a guide to the commerce of the gulf, in approaching or leaving the delta of the 'Mississippi, Mobile, Pensacola, &c.., but the necessity is greatly increased since the commencement of the fortification works, and the determination to occupy it hereafter as a military station. The geographical position of the Tortugas, the dangers to ihe navigator by which they are surrounded, and the necessity for passing near them in navigating the gulf, are so Avell understood t h a t itwould^ seem to be unnecessary to enlarge upon the adyafitages to be derived from the erection ofa first-class light-house tower, and the'exhibition of a first-class light from it at that point. (See Appendix No. 17.) In the eighth light-house district, embracing thecoast of Florida frpm St. Mark's, westward, the coasts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, as far as Barrataria bay, the general light-house service is in charge of Captain D. Leadbetter, ofthe corps of engineers, as inspector. . . . All the duties of engineer and inspector, embracing a large number of the different kinds of aids,to navigation, devolve updn this officer. The works of construction, renovation, and repair in this district have been numerous ever since Captain Leadbetter has had charge of it. The buoyage and beaconage j)rior to that time had been almost entirely neglected, and the lights. were in a wretchedly inefficient state. Under his management the most marked and satisfactory improve ments have been made. The works of construction havebeen steadily pressed forward; the repairs and renovations have received a full share of attention; the beaconage and buoyage has been placed in a most, efficient and creditable state, and the inspections have been frequent and thorough. The terrific storms and hurricanes by which the gulf coast is so frequently visited, and which formerly proved so disastrous to lighthouses and the'pther aids to navigation, though not less frequent nor less terrific now than formerly, yet the damage has of late been comparatively trifling ; owing, it is believed, to the superior manner in which the buildings iVave been repaired or constructed, and to the attention given to the wants of the service in providing the necessary means of prevention to guard against casualties. The approach to t h e iniportant port of Mobile has never been properly marked by a light'of the requisite power and range. The insignificant light at Mobile Point; and the equally inefficient one as a seacoast light at Sand island, at the distance of about three miles from the former, do not meet the requirements of the navigator in approaching Mobile bay. While these two lights are each, in annual expense, nearly equal to what a first-class light would be, they are but little better than, lights of the fourth class. It. is proposed to' erect a first-class light on Sand island in the place of the present onOj tp be properly REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 265 distinguished; and upon its completion and exhibition, to reduce the' present light at Mobile Point to a harbor light. An estimate is accordingly submitted for that purpose. , • The great increase lately in the depth of water in the channel of • Pass a r O u t r e , and the recent erection of a l i g h t to mark that pass, have rendered the light at the Northeast Pass of-the Mississippi useless as a guide to the navigator at night; it is therefore recommended ' that, authority be given for disGontinuing that light, preserving the tower, however, as a day-beacon, and to be exhibited hereafter should the change in the channels render it necessary to do so. The multiplication of lights, and their close proximity to each other, makes this step indispensable to the establishment of an efficient system of illumination of the coast. (See Appendix Nb. 18, and Table A, for a detail of the works in 'progress and completed during the year.) ^ • Lieutenant John Newton, of the corps of engineers, is in charge of the light-house works at Pensacola, Florida. The necessary examinations are being ihade for determining the best position for the light-house at that place. The bar and harbor have been buoyed out in the most effective manner, and it is proposed to place a screw-pile light-house on the point of the Middle Ground, to range with^ the main light for crossing the bar and- reaching a safe anchorage at night. The ninth light-house district, embracing that part of the coast of Louisiana from the.Bay of Barrataria west, and the entire coast of Texas, is in charge of Lieutenant W . H. Stevens, of the corps of engineers. (Appendix No. 19.) Some of the new works authprized in this district have been delayed in consequence of the want of valid titles to the sites. These difficulties are now, however, about being removed, and the structures will be commenced and completed, it is hoped, very soon. The light-houses at Aransas Pass and at the mouth of the Sabine, river are in process of erection ; the beacon for the bar at Galveston is in process of constriiction, and will be .erected at an early day. The light-house authorized for Timballier' bay will be erected, probably, during the coining winter ; that at Barrataria as soon as the title to the land is approved ; and the .one on Shell keys as soon as the necessary plans can be prepared for doing so. The screw-pile light-house authprized to be erected on Ship shoal, to take the place of the light-vessel now marking that danger, will be commenced at an early day. Examinations have been made by, and reports received from, the Coast Survey in relatiori to the necessity for the other lights authorized . on the coast of Texas. The lights in this district have been well looked after by the inspector, and a marked improvement has been the consequence. Renovations and improvements are still in progress, and[ willbe continued until the lights are rendered as efficient as it is possible to make them. The three light-vessels in this district have been greatly improved within the past year. During a recent severe storm, the light-vessel 266 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. at Ship shoal and the one at Atchfalaya bay were driven from their moorings and greatly damaged. Through the great exertions ol" the inspector they were rescued from the perilous situations in which they were found at the subsiding of the gale, have been repaired, and are, by this time, at their respective stations. The buoyage and beaconage of this district is in an efficient state, and a good supply of spare buoys is on hand to meet any emergencies. The beaconage, buoyage, and stakeage of the Atchafalaya and Cote Blanche bays is in successful progress and approaching completion. I t is recommerided that, inasmuch as these waters cannot be safely navigated" at night, and as the buoys and stakes nPw being placed will subserve all the purposes of the navigator, the Atchafalaya Bay light-vessel be dispensed with. This recommendation of the inspector is, in the opinion of, the board, an eminently proper one, and, if authorized to be carried out, will produce an annual saving nearly equal to the entire cost of placing the day-marks in the two bays. (See Appendix No. 19, and Table A.) The tenth light-house district, embracing the rivers St. Lawrence and Niagara, and Lakes Ontario and Erie, is in charge of Captain J . C. Woodruff, of the. corps of topographical engineers. (Appendix No. 20.) The works at Tibbett's Point, Genesee river. Black Rock, Green island, Maumee bay, and Monroe, have been completed, and the important work on the Horse Shoe reef, in the Niagara river, was commenced in May last, under the act of August 3, J854. The erection of the beacon-light authorized for Carlton Head is delayed for want of a perfect title to the site. , The repairs of towers and buildings, and the protection of property belonging to the light-house establishment, have been general, although not very extensive at any one station. • New illuminating apparatus has been introduced at a number of light stations where it was most needed^ but the limited number available has prevented the general introduction desired. As apparatus becomes available for the general ^service of renovation and improvement, it is designed to change all the old lamps and reflectors in the district. The buoy service has received a large share of the attention of the inspector during the year. It is now placed in a most efficient state, to the great advantage of the navigating interests. Special pains have been taken to distinguish different contiguous channels by using different descriptions of buoys and other distinguishing marks. New channels have been marked, and the general wants of navigation-in this branch of the service have, itis believed, been fully and promptly provided for. . Additional buoys are required to mark the Detroit river, and for a few important dangers in other parts of the district, for which'a small appropriation will be required. The small sums based upon detailed estimates for the three following works are recommended, viz : .' For repairs and improvements of Erie beacon |5,250 00 For repairs and Improvements of Huron beacon ....:., 4,580 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 267 ForrepairsandimprovementsofBlackRiverpier-headlight $7,300 00 For additional buoys in the Detroit river, and to mark obstructions to navigation in the St. Lawrence river and Niagara river, and in Lakes Ontario and Erie 5,000 00 A fog-bell authorized for the Buffalo light station is in process of construction, and will be completed at an early day. It is recommerided that the lights a t t h e following points be discontinued, viz: Silver creek, Portland harbor (or Barcelona,) Port Clinton, and the light on the hill at Cleveland. •There is no harbor at Silver creek or Barcelona, and the one at Port Clinton cannot he entered at night, nor are they necessary as lake.coast lights. The improvement of the pier-head light at Cleveland, Ohio, has rendered the former main light (on the hill) at that place unnecessary. . The gradual improvement in the aids to navigation in this,district has been very perceptible, and the present condition of the service in all of its branches is entirely satisfactory. "^ • In addition to the duties of inspection, engineering, and the general management and s.upervision of all the aids to navigation in the district, the inspector is charged with the direction of the distribution of all supplies among the lights on the northwestern lakes. , (See Appendix No. 20, and Table A.) Colonel Turnbull, of the corps of topographical engineers, has made repairs of light-hoiise works at Oswego, and Captain Stansbury, of the same corps, at Huron, Ohio, during the past year. Colonel James D. Graham, of the same corps, has charge of the light-house work at Chicago, Illinois, which was formerly under the direction of the Topographical Bureau. The eleventh light-house district, embracing the waters of Lakes St. Clair, Huron, Michigan, Superior, and their branches, is in charge pf Captain L. Sitgreaves, of the corps of topographical engineers. The general routine duties of inspections, repairs, improvements and constructions have been carried on during t h e p a s t year. The insufficient facilities for travel, and the great extent of this district, render it difficult to perform the general duties as promptly and ^efficiently as could be desired. .Temporary repairs to towers and buildings have been made at such ofthe stations as were found to be of most pressing necessity; but the original imperfect character of the constructions, and of the materials employed in these works, render it necessary that the most of them shall be rebuilt, at no distant day, upon proper plans and of durable materials. . . . ^ . Eight new light-houses, authorized to be built, were commenced on the opening of the season for active operations in that.regio:i, all of which are now, or will be, completed at an early day. The buoys, although comparatively limited in number, in this district, have been improved in character, and the numbers increased during the last year. The light-houses in this district for w'lich appropriations have been made, other than those under contract, will be commenced as soon as contracts can be entered into, in cases in which approved titles have been obtained; and in those in which 268 , REPORT ON THE FINANCES. no titles and cessions of jurisdiction have been obtained, the efforts for perfecting titles will be continued, and the works cpmmenced, without unnecessary delay. It is recommended that the sum of $6,000 be appropriated for rebuilding the Port dti Mort light-house, and the sum of |5,000 for a light-house on Traverse or Charity island, in Saginaw bay. ~ It is hoped that a s t h e population in this quarter increases, the facilities for travel will be multiplied, so that all the aids to navigation may be visited more frequently, and watched over with more care than has been heretofore possible. Although, much has been accomplished already, i n the way of improving the lights and other aids to navigation in this district, j e t much more remains to be done, requiring a considerable expenditure of money, and great labor, activity, and zeal on the part of the officer in charge. (See Appendix No. 21, and Table A . ) The twelfth light-house district, embracing the entire Pacific coast of the United States, is in the charge of Major Hartman Bache, ofthe cprps of topographical engineers. This officer was detailed, near the close of the last fiscal year, to proceed to California and take charge of all light-house works on that coast. At a subsequent date the War Department relieved Captain Campbell Graham, ofthe corps of topographical engineers, as light-house inspector ofthe twelfth district, thus placingg^the entire service on the Pacific coast, in all its details, in the charge and under the direction of Major Bache. • During the past year, the light-house at Point Bonita has been erected and the light exhibited. A fog-gun has been placed and put, in operation at that point. A fog-bell and machinery have been shipped to San Francisco, also for the same place. • . The bay, harbor, and bar of San Francisco, and the adjacent navigable waters, have been carefully buoyed. Buoys, to meet cases of emergency at San Francisco, Humboldt harbor, and other parts of the coast, have been constructed and shipped to San Francisco. The buoys authorized for the Columbia river and Shoalwater.^ba'y have been provided, and directions given for placing and keeping them in position. '^ Fog-bells are under construction for Point Conception, Fort Pointy Alcatraz island, and mouth ofthe Columbia river.. Steps have been taken for building the lights authorized for Punta " delos Reyes, at Umpqua, New Dungeness, San Pedro, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz harbor. Those authorized for Point Lobos, Smith's island, and Cape Shoalwater bay, will be commenced as soon as it may be found possible to do so. ' . The light originally. designed for Santa Cruz island, and then authorized to be changed to Ana Capa island, has been reported by ^ the Coast Survey to be unnecessary; but one has been recommended to be placed at some point nearly opposite to the island of Santa Criiz, on the riiain land. ' ' The contract iriade by the Treasury Department, in 1851, for build- REPORT ON THE ' FINANCES. 269 ing eight light-houses on the Pacific coast, has proved a fruitful source of difficulty, delay, and expense. In connexion with this contract, a special agent of the department was instructed to procure the lanterns and illuminating apparatus to suit the towers; but after the structures had been erected according to .the terms of the contract, (as certified by the officers charged with, their inspection,) and the lanterns and illuminating apparatus had arrived at San Fraricisco, it v^^as found that no attention had been paid to the dimensions of the towers in constructiag the lanterns ; and as a consequerice, all ofthe towers except two have either been taken down ' and rebuilt entirely, or remodelled at a considerable expense, for the purpose of adapting'them to the lanterns and apparatus. In other respects, it has been found by Major Bache that the work performed under this contract was n.ot executed in a creditable manner, and the materials were, in general, ofa very inferior quality. The terms ofthe contract for building these eight light-houses, the manner in which the lanterns and apparatus were procured, and the. dela^y :in commencing the works, have produced a complication of troubles arid difficulties on the Pacific coast; and in the settlement of the accounts.at Washington, to say nothing of the enormous extra, expenditure for useless work, have served to reta.rd all useful operations connected with the light-house establishment on the Pacific coast, since the organization ofthe Light-house Board. The board, however, feels confident, now that it has an officer every way fully equal to the arduous and responsible duties of the lighthouse service on that extended and sparsely populated coast, that all ^ difficulties will be overcome as rapidly as may be found possible, and that the completion ofthe aids to navigation will followin rapid succession, uritilthe whole coast is properly lighted. Major Bache lost no time, after his arrival in California, in taking the necessary steps for remodelling the important light-houses at the Farallones, Point Conception, and Point Loma; all of which, it is expected, are lighted by this time. A contract was entered into recently, for erecting the light-house at Punta de los Reyes ; but the work was not" commenced, in consequence of difficulty growing out of a claim to the land selected as the site for the light-house. The v/ork will be commenced as soon as the title is perfected and approved. . The exorbitant prices demanded for labor and materials, the want of facilities .for travelling from one light-house statipn to another on the coast, and the distances between the majority of them, render it indispensable that some means should be provided by which to enable the officers in charge of the light-house service to execute promptly and efficiently any duty that may be required of them. ' With a seacoast of twelve hundred miles in extent; with few safe harbors of refuge; with none of the ordinary facilities for the service found elsewhere; and.the necessity for providing the lights with supplies of ail kinds, at short intervals j would seem: to indicate the absolute necessity-for the employment of a pro]5er vessel for this service. An appropriation is asked to provide such a vessel, and for its 270 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. maintenance for one year; to which the favorable consideration of Congress is earnestly recommended. The other appropriations of a special character, when taken iri connexion with the character of the country, and the sparse population in the vicinity of the different light stations, will,'it is believed, be found to be reasonable and proper. • -. As soon as the contract buildings are remodelled or re-built, so that they will answer the purpose for which they were designed, there will be no impediment to an early commencement of all authorized works^ upon proper plans and sites; and w,hich will be pressed steadily forward uritil they are finished, and the lights exhibited. The great difference in the cost of materials and labor on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts will be readily comprehended by referring to the reports of Major Bache, hereto appended, Nos. 22 and 23. In conclusion, the board considers that it would fail to do its duty to the service with which it is intrusted, and to the interests involved in its management, were it not to invite special attention to the low rate of compensation authorized to bemade to keepers of light-houses; to the consequent great inferiority, as a class, of the persons, employed to take charge of the, lights ; and to the importance of devising means by which to introduce into the light-house service an intelligeht and trustworthy class of individuals, who will meet all the requireraents ofthe service. By the. fourth section of the act to authorize the building of lighthouses, and for other purposes, approved May 23, 1828, it is enacted: '^That, from and after the passage of this act, the Secretary of the Treasury'be, and he is hereby, authorized and empowered to regulate and fix the salaries of the respective keepers of light-houses, in such manner as he shall deem just and proper: Provided, The whole sum allowed shall not exceed an average of four hundred dollars to each keeper." Pligher rates of compensation will bring more intelligent and trustworthy men forward as applicants for the service; and by a proper course of instruction, preparatory to entering upon the duties, an increased economy and efficiency must ensue. No keeper can perform the duties of a light station properly who cannot read and understand the instructions, directions, and regulations provided for his government, and to guide him in the management and care of the lamps, apparatus, and machinery of the lighthpuse station; but instead of reaching that point, there are many keepers even incapable of taking proper care of the supplies delivered to them for the maintenance of the light, and of making returns of quarterly expenditures, while the rates of compensation will not command the services of-more competent persons. In some cases considerable difficulty is encountered in getting any one to take charge ofa light station which happens not to be located where the keeper may derive other private benefits than the mere salary attached to it. Unless ckpable and trustworthy persons, who can be taught to feel the responsibility of their positions and the necessity for unremitted attention tp their duties, can be obtained to take charge o f t h e REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 271 lights, there can be no general permanent efficiency or economy in the service. ^ Very respectfully submitted. .By order of the Light-house Board: W . B. SHUBRICK, ^ Chairman. THORNTON A. JENKINS, Commander U. S. N., EDMD. L . F . HARDCASTLE, . Hon. Brevet Capt. Corps Top. Eng.., . Secretaries, JAMES GUTHRIE, Secretary ofi the Treasury. Recapitulation ofi appropriations recommended fior renovating and improving the present aids to navigation, and for additional ones re' quired to\ render navigation safe and easy. ' • MAINE. For altering, refitting and improying the light at Mount Desert Rock... $10,000 For building a suitable tower and keeper's dwelling, and for providing arid placing the necessary illuminating apparatus, at Martinicus Rock. : " 35,500 For rebuilding,the light-house to wer and keeper's dwelling, and for supplying and fitting first-order illuminating apparatus, at Seguin.... 35,000 For rebuilding the light-house and fitting it with pro- , per illuminating apparatus, at West Quoddy Head... 15,000 For rebuilding Brown's Head light-house and fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus .... 5,000 For rebuilding the light-house at Marshall's Point, and fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus 5,000 For rebuilding the light-house at Fort Point, and fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus 5,000 For alight-house at Deer Island thoroughfare 5,000 For a light-house at Bass-harbor Head 5,000 For a light-house on or near Spoon island, in addition to the appropriation of $4,500, approved August 3, 1854, for a light-house in Isle au Haut thoroughfare 1,500 For a light-house on or near Wood island, in addition to the appropriation of August 3, 1854 ' 2,500 For a bell-buoy, to be placed on the south breaker off - White Head light-house, at the entrance to Penobscot bay .....\.. 5,000 For a bell-buoy, to be placed on the ledge about three miles east of Boone Island 5,000 For the erection of a stone beacon on Fiddler's ledge.... 3,000 For placing buoys at various points in the waters of Maine, for which rione have heretofore been authorized.. 3,000 00 00 00 00 ,00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .272 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. MASSACHUSETTS. For the reconstruction and repair of beacPns at Newburyport , F o r t h e erection of a light-house on a proper foundation, on or near Billingsgate island,.in place of the pfesent one.... • • $2,000 00 14,000 .00 > RHODE ISLAND. Fox the erection of a keeper's dwelling and foot-bridge to Lime Rock light-house For reconstructing the light-house tower and for new illuminating apparatus, at Dutch island. For rebuilding the light-house tower, for preservation of site, and for new illuminating apparatus for Nayat Point light-house •.... For completing the sea-wall for the preservation of the light-house site at Watch Hill. "... For rebuilding a light-house tower on a proper site, in place of the present light on Block island, and for fitting the same with>suitable apparatus For a beacon ^on the Sand-spit off Cpnnimicut Point, west side of entrance to Providence river $1,500 00 2,000 00 6,500 00 10,000 00 9,000 00 1,000 00 CONNECTICUT. For the protection and preservation o f t h e light-house site and for a new dwelling for keeper, at Lynde Point, mouth of the Connecticut river 8,600 00 YEW YORE. For the protection and preservation of the light-house site at Sand's Point,-Long Island sound For securing the foundation and preservation of the light-house site at Execution Rocks, Long Island sound ;... , For an iron spindle on the ^^ Hen and Chickens" Rock, Long Island sound. For the protection and preservation of the piers in the Hudson river, upon which lights are placed For completing the light-house authorized August 3, 1854, for Horton's Point, in addition .to the former appropriation of $4,000.......... For a light-house at or near Tarrytown Point, on the Hudson river...... ....: For the preservation and protection of the light-house site at the niouth of the Genesee river 4,935 00 . 5,250 00 700 00 . 5,448 00 .3,500 00 7,000 00 2,000 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 273 NEW JERSEY. For erecting a first-class light-house, and fitting it with first-order apparatus, at Barnegat, in place of the present inefficient one For continuing and completing the light-house authorized August 3, 1854, to be erected at or near Absecum : For rebuilding the foundation of light-house tower and the keeper's dwelling, at Bergen Point For rebuilding the foundation of light-house tower and keeper's dwelling, at Passaic light-house, in Newark bay $45,000 00 17,436 62 20,000 00 20,000 00 DELAWARE BAY. For making additions to thelight-house works at Brandywine shoals, and for their protection and preservation. For continuing and completing the construction of the light-house authorized August 3, 1854, for Cross ledge ; ; For continuing and completing the construction of the light-house authorized August 3, 1854, on or near Ship John shoals For banking in and protecting the site of the light-house on Reedy island, in addition to the appropriation of August 3, 1854 18,121 44 . 22,492 29 25,000 00 3,847 90 DELAWARE. For the erection ofa light-house on Fenwick's island... 25,000 00 MARYLAND. For the prptection and preservation of the site of the Fishing Battery light-house, at the head of Chesapeake bay VIRGINIA. For rebuilding the Cape Charles light-house on Smith's island, upon a proper site, and fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus 35,000 00 SOUTH CAROLINA. For completing the two beacons or range-lights on Soutii Island Point, and on North island, Georgetown, S. C., in addition to the former appropriation For building dwelling for keeper and assistant at Charles^ ton light-house For a keeper's house on Morris's island, Charleston harbor, in place of the one destroyed by the storm of September, 1854 „ 18 5,000 00 4,000 00 2,500 00 274 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. For a light to be placed in or near the town of Mount Pleasant, Charleston harbor $6,000 00 GEORGIA. For a beacon-light on or near the south point of Sapelo island, to range with the main light for the bar and channel For a beacon-light to range with the Amelia Island light a n d t h e outer bar For two beacon-lights and keepers' dwellings on or near the north point of Amelia island For a small light to be erected on the ^"^bay," in the city of Savannah, to guide vessels from Fig Island lighthouse For a bell-buoy to mark the approach to the bar at Doboy , For a bell-buoy to mark the entrance to the Savannah river 1,500 00 2,000 00 5,000 00 2,000 00 5,000 00 5,000 00 FLORIDA. ^ For continuing and completing the erection of the firstclass light-house, authorized March 3, 1853, to be placed near Jupiter inlet For continuing the efforts to erect a beacon on Rebecca shoal, authorized August 31, 1852, and August 3, 1854 For a bell-buoy to mark the approach to the bar at the mouth of the St. John's river For a small light-vessel to be placed near Dame's Point, i n t h e St. John's river ,..., For beacon-lights at Piney Point, Cuckoo Point, and Nine Mile Point, in the St. John's river For buoys and day-marks in the St. John's river For a day-beacon on Sea Horse reef (Cedar keys) For buoys and stakes for Cedar Key channel and Manitee river For rebuilding the light-house at Dry Tortugas and fitting it with first-order apparatus For the erection of a proper light in the Middle Ground, entrance to Pensacola harbor, and for completing the light authorized at that place, August 3, 1854 For rebuilding the light-house tower and keeper's dwelling at Egmont key, ...........o 5,000 00 10,000 00 5,000 00 7,500 00 15,000 00 2,000 00 3,000 00 1,200 00 35,000 00 30,000 00 16,000 00 ALABAMA. For the erection of a seacoast light, and for fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus, on Sand island, off the entrance to Mobile bay, in place of the present light at that point 35,000 00. REPORT ON THE FINANCES^ 275 MISSISSIPPI. For rebuilding the light-house and keeper's dwelling at Round island For rebuilding the light-house tower at the west end of Cat island, and fitting it with proper illuminating apparatus $8,000 00 12,000 09 LOUISIANA. For rebuilding the light-house and keeper's dwelling at Pass Manchac.............. 10,000 00. TEXASo For the erection of a light-house on or near the head of the ^^ Swash," abreast of ^^ Alligator Head," in Matagorda bay, the sum appropriated August 3, 1854, '^For a light-house on or near Gallinipper Point, Lavacca bay " , For the erection of a beacon-light at the mouth of the bayou at Saluria For buoys and stakes for the lower part of Aransas bay, and for the inland channel to Corpus Christi For the erection of a light at the mouth of the Rio Grande ...,...,....,. 500 00' 3,000 00^ 5,000 00^ PENNSYLVANIA. For rebuilding the beacon-light at Erie 5,250 00' OHIOo For rebuilding the beacon-light at Huron For rebuilding the light-house at Black river For additional buoys in the Detroit riyer, and to mark obstructions to navigation in the St. Lawrence river and Niagara river, and in Lakes Ontario and Erie.... 4,580 00 7,300 00 5,000 00 WISCONSIN. For rebuilding the light-house at Port du Mort 6,00000 MICHIGAN. For a light-house to be erected on Traverse or Charity island, in Saginaw bay...o...c.. c... ^ 5,000 00 276 REPORT ON THE FINANCESo CALIFORNIA, For providing a suitable vessel, and for maintaining the same for one year in visiting the lights and other aids for inspections and delivery of supplies ; for placing and removing buoys, and for the transportation of materials, supplies, and laborers for constructing and repairing light-houses on the Pacific coast For the construction of a road from the keeper's dwelling, at the South Farallone, to the light-house tower o n t h e peak For the construction of a road from La Playa, San Diego bay, to the light-house at Point Loma For improving the road from the Coxo or landing at Point Conception to the light-house For the erection of a seacoast light on the main-land between Buenaventura and Point Duma, at such place as may be determined upon, to indicate the approach to the Santa Barbara channel, in addition to the appropriation contained in the third section of the act of August 3, 1854, making appropriations for light-houses, &c $60,000 00 1,500 00 1,500 00 1,000 00 35,000 00 That the following named lights be discontinued, viz : At Silver creek, on the southeast shore of Lake Erie, New York; at Barcelona, (or Portland) on the southeast shore of Lake Erie, New Y o r k ; at Port Clinton, in Portage bay, Ohio ; at Cleveland, east side of entrance to Cleveland, (on the hill) Ohio ; at Beacon island, near. Ocracoke, North Carolina; the Ocracoke channel light-vessel; and the light at the Northeast Pass of the Mississippi, A. Table exhibiting all the aids to navigation authorized by Congress prior to March 4, 1855, and the action taken in each case. Locality. State. Maine , Haddock ledge .Steele's ledge Kennebeck river. Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriation. priated, or balance. Beacon . ....do... Buoys, beacons, and spindles. ug. 31, 1852 ....do ....do Entrance to Camden liarbor. Beacons and buoys. Narraguagus harbor do Muscongus bay, and otlier iinportant points on the coast of Maine. Petit Menan „. Baker's island ., Franklin island . Boone island — Alden's Rock. Portland breakwater . Buck ledge Penobscot river Mount Desert Rock & Martinicus light-houses. .do. .do. $500 00 1,000 00 5,000 00 I,000 00 1,000 00 Action taken. A large nun-buoy placed, and spare buoy on hand. Beacon erected. Three spindles and four nun and can buoys placed; fifteen spar-buoys on hand, and spare buoys for the nun and can buoys. Two spindles and two buoys placed. Ten buoys; seven spar and three nun and can buoys placed. Seven spare buoys obtained. Buoys placed at sundry important points on the coast of Maine. Buoys, beacons, and Mar. spindles. 3, 1853 3,000 00 Rebuild'g light-house and keeper's dwelling. Rebuild'g light-house. do Illuminating apparatus, light-house tower, and building. Iron bell-boat E'og-signal and keeper's dwelling. Harbor light Completion of beacon Repairs of two beacons. Fog-signals .- 3,1854 35, 000 00 Light-house and dwelling-houses erected; lighted. 5,000 00 5,000 00 19,973 00 Light-house aud dwelling erected. Light-house and dwelling erected. Tower finished and apparatus erected; lighted. Aug. do.-do... do... , , , do do 5,000 00 3,500 00 Bell-boat placed in position. In process of erection. do do do. 3,500 00 2,000 00 1,000 00 Light-house erected and lighted. Beacon in'process of construction. Not yet commenced; no party available. 5, 000 00 Bells are now in process of construction. ..^.-/do tei O O PI o Ul bo A—Continued. bo OO Locality. State. Maine—Contin'd. St. Croix, Portland breakwater, Kennebeck and Penobscot rivers, &c. Kennebunk harbor Edgemoggin reach Castine harbor St. Croix river and. Big island, mouth of St. Croix river. Widow's island Isle au H a u t e . . . Southern island. Winter harbor.. Massachusetts.. West Passamaquoddy bay.. Harbor ledge, Seal ledges, Ship-yard ledge, Lowell Rock, and Ram Island ledge. Noddle's island . = ,.„., Trott's ledge Dry Point Wood island Sow and Pigs Rocks Near breakwater at Bass river. Succonnesset shoal Graves and Harding's ledges Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriation. priated, or balance. Buoys and beacons . . Aug. 3,1854. $2,000 00 do. .....do. 500 00 6,000 00 do. Beacons .. Beacon & light-house . . . . . d o . 5,000 00 9,000 00 .do. 5,000 00 .do. .do. .do. 5, 000 00 4,500 00 4,500 00 .do. do 3, 000 00 6,000 00 Light on pier-head Light-house , Light-house .do. .do. .do. Two beacons .. Beacon, buoy, and spindles. Action taken. Buoys placed according to the law. Awaiting action as to tide lights. Land purchased; deed in hands of district attorney for Maine. In process of construction. Beacon finished. Doubt about power of owner to convey the land for the light-house. Owner of island not able to give title; cannot procure a good title for himself. Condemned by Coast Survey. Land purchased; deed in possession of district attorney. Land belongs to State; requires act of cession by the legislature, which meets in January next. Now in process of construction. All constructed and placed according to the terms of the law. Light-house do.-.. Day-mark or beacon do.... Light-house do.... do.. , do.... do , Mar. 3, 1853 do , do 4,500 GO 500 00 6,000 00 5,000 00 30,000 00 4,000 00 Site purchased; deed in possession of district attorney. Beacon erected according to the law. Site purchased; deed in possession of the district attorney. Condemned by Coast Survey. Under construction. Completed and light exhibited. Aug. 31,1852 do.--»-. 12,000 00 8, 000 00 Built and placed at her station. Constructed and placed. Li ght-vessel. Bell-boats... O 1-3 O W o m Killpond bar „ . . » . . : - Light-vessel Fog-bell ....do Light-house Three beacon-lights in place of one Rebuilding light-house Gay Head Egg Rock -. Light-house Truro, (Highlands,) Cape Removal of lighthouse, &c. Cod. Billingsgate.-.. Preservation of lighthouse. Brant Point, Rebuilding of lighthouse. Vineyard sound Fog-bells Boston Bay and Nantucket Buoys shoals. Point of Rocks Light-house Baker's island Race Point Minot's ledge Holmes's Hole harbor. Narrows, Boston harbor. Alderton bar Buzzard's bay Minot's ledge Vermont Rhode Island.- Connecticut. do Day-beacon Buoys Continuing construction of light-house. New South shoal off Nan- For replacing lost tucket. light-vessel. Burlington , Two lights on pier.., Jumper island , Fog-signal Beaver Tail Light-house tower and fog-signal. Watch Hill. Rebuilding light-house and keeper's dwel ling, &c. Bristol FerryBeacon-light Block island.. Beacon and spindle.. Below Middletown, in Connecticut river. Beacon-lights buoys, and spindles. .do. 12,000 00 -do. .do. .do. .do. 2; 500 2,500 80,000 3,500 3, 1854 .do....... .do 30,000 00 5,000 00 25, 000 00 00 00 00 00 Under contract. Do. Examinations made in reference to the proper site. .do 2,000 00 .do 15,000 00 .do .do. 1,500 00 5, 000 00 Placed on board of the vessels. Buoys provided. .do. 5,000 00 Referred to Superintendent of Coast Survey for report on site, &c.; not recommended to be built. Under contract. Do. Buoys provided and placed. Under constructiou. do 3, 1855 15,000 18,000 2,000 75, 000 do 30j 000 00 Aug. 3, 1854 ......do , dos... 2, 000 00 800 00 14,500 00 do do„„.... Mar. Building, and will be ready in a few weeks to go to her station. Constructed aud placed. Do do. Under construction. Completed and lighted. 00 00 00 00 Work executed to extent of appropriation. Under construction. Do. &d O O i2j O tei do....do. .do. Mar. 3,1853 8, 300 00 1,500 00 2, 000 00 ''3>000 00 Do. Under contracts. Under construction. Ul Do. Built and light exhibited. Work to be commenced as soon as proper examinations of site are made. Partially executed. to CO bo A—Continued. Locality. State. ConnecticutContinued. New York - Beaconage and buoyage of Connecticut river. Saybrook. Sugar Reef (Long Island sound.) Long Point Sea-Flower reef Lynde Point Watch-Hill reef and Whamphasoc, &c. Niantic Black ledge CO o Completing same - -. Aug. 3, 1854 $5, 000 00 do .do. 1,000 00 2,500 00 .do. .do. Fog-signal. Buoys .do. .do. .do. .do. 2,500 2,500 800 5,000 Light-house . Beacon .do. .do. 4,000 00 2,000 00 ....do. Whale Harbor of Noank and Mys- Buoys . tic. Black Point Light-house.. Breakwater, Southport Harbor-light. North Dumpling Fog-bell . . . . .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Bay of New York , Do Do. Horse Shoe reef, Niagara river. Gardiner's island Point au Roche Action taken Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriation. priated, or balance. Fog-bell. Beacon . Two beacons, main Mar. 3, 1853 channel. Two lights, Gedney's Aug. 31, 1852 channel. Two range-lights, do swash channel. Light-house Aug. 3. 1854 .do. -do. Aug. 31, 1852 do . Partly executed. Under contract, and temporary bell placed. Sites examined, plans in preparation, and work to be commenced as soon as possible. Do do. Do do. Under contract; temporary bell placed. Buoys placed. o tei 2, 000 00 500 00 Condemned by Coast Survey. Site examined, and work to be commenced without unnecessary delay. Site examined, and work to be commenced without delay. Buoys provided and placed. 5,000 00 I,000 00 800 00 Condemned by Coast Survey. Do do. Under contract, and temporary bell provided. 6, 000 00 Under contract, and near completion. 00 00 00 00 30,000 00' 45, 000 00 7, 000 00 5,000 00 Do do. Under construction. Completed and lighted. Title deeds not perfected. tei td H3 O i^ w 12{ > a. tej Ul Oswego. Sandy Hook . - . - . . Thogg's Neck Sag Harbor Hudson river. Long Island Carlton Head Buffalo light-house . Great West bay . . . 5, 000 00 Light-house and pier - - - - . . d o repairs. Fog-bell do S 5,000 00 ....do do 1,150 00 Beacon do 1,500 00 Three small beacons. do 3, 000 00 Beacon do...:.. 1,000 00 Beacon-light Mar. 3, 1853 2,500 00 do Fog-signal Aug. 3, 1854 35,500 00 Light-house Little Gull island Fog-signal Stony Point light-house ....do •-.. Loyd harbor, Huntington Beacon-light to mark bay, Long Island. entrance, &c. Race Point. Light-house Horton's Point do Windmill Point , do...- New Jersey . Delaware , Under contract. Do. Title deed not perfected. .do. .do. .do. 8,000 00 4,000 00 8,000 00 Site examined; negotiations for purchase of site. Site selected, and deed under examination. Preliminary examinations made towards obtaining necessary land. Examinations being made preparatory to purchasing site. Do . do do. Examinations being made. Examinations beiug made for proper positions. .do. .do. .do. .do. Long Island sound . Shagwong reef Romer shoal.. -do. Bell-buoy Iron-pile beacon. .do. .do. do Mill reef Absecum inlet Absecum b a r . . - „ - . Delaware bay Five Fathom bank . Cross ledge Aug. 31, 1852 Monument Aug. 3, 1854 Light-house do Bell and nun buoy... do Buoy do Iron buoy Light-house in place Aug. 3, 1854 of light-vessel. ....do... Buoy .-..do.-Beacon-light on pierhead. .do. Beacon-light Under construction. Title deeds imperfect. Under construction. Title to land not perfected. Under contract. Site selected, and title deeds under examination. 2,500 00 800 00 4,000 00 Small light Light-house Nine small lights Buoys Reedy Point- Bells placed. .do. .do. .do. Isle au Motte Crown Point Whitehall Lake Champlain. McCrie's shoal . Port Penn - Work completed. 500 8, 000 4,500 700 00 00 00 00 1,300 00 5, 000 00 25,000 00 4,000 35,000 5,000 1,000 800 30,OGO 00 00 00 00 00 00 800 00 750 00 3,000 00 Buoys procured and placed. Under contract. No steps taken yet; site selected. Plans to be ready and work to be commenced at opening of next season. Completed. Under construction. Constructed and placed. Buoy placed. Do. Under construction. Buoy placed. No steps taken. Owner of land refuses to sell the site for a reasonable sum. td teJ hj O O "^ 1^ tei o tej Xfl bO oo bO A—Continued. State. Locality. Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriated, or priation. balance. Cape Henlopen light-house. Refitting same with Aug. 3, 1854 $15,000 00 first order illuminating apparatus. 30,000 00 .do. Ship John shoals Light-house 800 00 .do. Delaware Breakwater light- Fog-signal house. 800 00 .do. do Reedy Island light-house... 1,815 00 .do. Preserving site of Reedy island light-house, &c. 5,000 00 do Iron-bell buoy Fenwick Island shoal 5,000 00 ) Light-house Bowers's beach do 5, 000 00 do Old Duck creek \ ....do do do Seven-feet Knoll Maryland. 8, 000 00 do Sandy Point ......do 5, 000 00 do , do , Drum Point 15,000 00 do dO=o«oo«..., Love Point T... , 1,000 00 do Buoys and stakes Great Choptank river Mar. 3, 1853 10, 000 00 Light-house Virgmia - - « . . Pungoteague .creek 5, 000 00 do do , Jones's Point 2,500 00 do Fog-bell Cape Henry 5,000 00 -do. White shoal, James river .. Beacon-light 5, 000 00 .do. do Point of Shoals, James river, 1,000 00 .do. do Day's Point, James river... 5, 000 00 .do. do Lyon's Creek shoals, James river. 5,000 00 Gordon's Point, James river, do...., ...-.do Smith's Point Light-house Aug. 3, 1854 25,000 00 25,000 00 False Cape Henry do..... .do 1,500 00 York spit Light-boat. do 500 00 Green and Sandy Points Buoys . ...„ .do. Delaware—Continued. oo bo Action taken. Apparatus received and ready for being put up. Material in preparation. Fog-bell and machinery erected. td Fog-bell placed. Instructions to commence work without unnecessary delay. td Under contract. ) Referred to the Superintendent of Coast Survey for ex5 amination and selection of sites. Under contract. No steps taken. State jurisdiction required. No steps taken. State jurisdiction required. No steps taken. State jurisdiccion required. Buoys procured and placed. Completed and lighted. Under contract. Procured and placed. Completed and lighted. Completed and lighted. Completed. Completed and lighted. Completed and lighted. Not commenced yet. To be erected next season. Not commenced. State jurisdiction necessary. Boat built. Buoys placed. teJ O O teJ o tej Ul Cherrystone Chesapeake bay Potomac river Cone and Yeocomico rivers. Kettle Bottoms and Potomac river. Matchepungo bay Naval hospital, Norfolk Old Point Comfort North Carolina. Stingray Point Upper Jettee, Cape Fear river. Baldhead light-house Rogue Banks Wade's Point Fort Macon Cape Hatteras Federal Point Albemarle, Pamlico, Core, and Croatan sounds; Neuse, Pamlico, and Roanoke rivers. Roanoke marshes Royal shoal .... South Carolina... Charleston Battery South and North Island Points, Georgetown. Rattlesnake shoal, off Charleston. Morris island Cape Roman Charleston light Sullivan's island Fort Sumter Battery Charleston . Castle Pinkney Light-house Buoys and stakes.. do Light-house Buoys, &c . .do. .do. .do. .do. .do- 10,000 00 2,300 GO 200 00 5,000 00 • 3, 000 00 do. do. do. 1,000 00 do. 12,000 00 No steps taken. Work to be erected next season. Under construction. Aug. 31,1852 do Aug. 3, 1854 2,600 00 5,000 00 10,000 00 Buoys Small light on wharf. „ Fog-bell and small light on inner spit. Light-house do Fog-bell . . . . Light-house do .do. -do. .do. .do. Beacon-light do , do Buoys and stakes. do...... Light-house do do Aug. 31, 1852 Harbor-light do Three beacon-lights.. Light-vessel., Mar. 3, 1853 do Beacons do...... Rebuilding light-house Beacoii to range, &c Aug. 3, 1854 Rebuilding beacon and keeper's house. do Beacon-light .do. Light on, &C..--I0, .do. Small l i g h t o . . . - . . - 500 00 1,500 00 Not commenced. Completed and placed. Completed and placed. Site examined and selected; title to land defective. Buoys placed. Buoys placed. Permission obtained to occupy the site. Fog-bell placed. Beacon under construction. 1,000 1,500 800 2,640 00 00 00 00 Fog-bell placed. Completed and lighted. Materials prepared, and work to be commenced as soon as the season will permit. Built and lighted. Site selected, and work to be executed as soon as possible. No steps taken. Buoys and stakes placed. 10,000 10,000 500 5,000 00 00 00 00 Locality examined and site selected. Requires examination of site before plans can be made. Under construction. Do. 20,000 00 Built and placed on her station. 3,000 20,000 1,000 6,000 Completed and lighted. Under construction. Completed and lighted. Do. 00 00 00 00 1,000 00 2,000 00 1,500 00 Completed. Under construction. Do. td tei hj o td O 1^ 1-3 teJ Cl teJ Ul bo 00 00 bo oo A—Continued. l4^ State. Locality. S Carolina—Con- Cane Roman tinned. North Edisto North Edisto inlet Hunting island St. Helena sound Martin's Industry Hilton Head ---....... Georgia..... Florida Light-house. Light-house and beacon. Buoys .-........ Light-house Day-beacon Light-vessel Light-house and beacon-light. Buoys ..-.do Beacons. .. Buoys and day beacons. Buoys ....do Port Roval harbor St. Helena bar Calibogue sound. Tybee bar and Savannah river. Altamaha sound and river.. St. Catharine's sound and inlet, Sapelo and Doboy bars and sounds, &c., and Cumberland sound. St. Mary's and St. Andrew's do bays. Sea Horse k e y . . . . . . . . . . . . Light-house..... do Coffin's P a t c h e s . . _ . . . . . Beacon Rebecca shoals . Mouth of St. John's river.. Preservation of site of light-house. Northwest passage, (near Light-house Key West.) Jupiter inlet . . . . . . do. » Florida reef Coast Survey signals. Action taken. Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriation. priated, or balance. Aug. 3, 1854 : do do ......do do do do...... 500 30,000 800 30,000 10, 000 00 00 00 00 00 Under construction. Value of land to be determined by appraisement, according to law. Buoys provided. Value of land to be determined by appraisement. Do do do. Building, and nearly ready. Land to be appraised under the law. do do do do 1,500 1,500 5,000 10,000 00 00 00 00 Buoys provided. Do. Land to be appraised according to law. Beacons built and buoys provided. $30,000 00 15,000 00 td tei O td .hj H3 O w tei H-l ......do do 5, 000 00 5,000 00 Buoys provided. Do. o tei ux ..do 2, 000 00 Completed and lighted. Under construction. Do. Title to land in dispute. Aug. 31,1852 do Aug. 3, 1854 do 12, 000 35,000 10,000 10,000 Mar. 12,000 00 Built and lighted. 35,000 00 10,000 00 Under construction Work partially executed. 3, 1853 do do 00 00 00 00 Do. Rebuilding light- house Aug. 31,1852 Light-house and bea- Aug. 3, 1854 con-light. .do. Rebuilding light-house Pensacola. &c. .do. , St. John's bar and river.... Buoys .do. ....do Key West harbor .do. Refitting light-house Cape Florida .do. Completing beacon. Rebecca shoals -do: Beacon-light Fort McRea, Pensacola Two buoys .do. Pensacola bar .do. Apalachicola bay and St. Day-beacons &, buoys George's sound. .do. Tampa bay Buoys .do. Southwest Cape, Apalachee- Light-house . bay. Ocklockonee shoal do. Beacon, buoy, or bellboat. St. Mark's river. Day-marks, buoys, , do. and stakes. St. George's sound , Beacon-light do. Coffin's Patches Continuing construc- Mar. 3, 1855 tion of light-house. Sand island and Mobile Point. Beacons Aug. 31, 1852 Revenue Point ,...do do Mobile bay Mar. 3, 1853 .do. Choctaw Pass and Dog River Range stakes and Aug. 3, 1854 bar. lights. Mobile bay, Dauphine, Petit Completing the buoydo Bois, Horn, Ship, and Cat age and stakeage Island Passes. of channels, &c. Bethel hospital ship. Mobile Light and fog-bell... d6.---oo harbor. East Pascagoula Aug. 31,1852 Light-house. Pascagoula, Biloxi, and Buoyage and f Aug. 3, 1854 Shieidsboro'. St. Joseph island Light-house. do Ship shoal do.... Mar. 3,1853 St. Bias St. John's river . Alabama. Mississippi, Louisiana.. 12,000 00 15,000 00 Under construction. Title to land in dispute. 25,000 00 Examinations are being made for a suitable site. 2,000 1,500 15,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 3,500 Buoys provided. Do. Under repair; apparatus received. Under construction. Awaits selection of site of the main light. Buoys provided. Beacon under construction, and buoys provided. td Buoys procured and placed. Title not perfected. O td 5,000 00 Under contract. O 5, 000 00 Work executed. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1,000 00 15,000 00 5,000 00 65,000 00 Under construction. Do. teJ hj tei tei HH 4,000 3,000 500 1,500 00 00 00 00 10,000 00 2,800 00 5,000 00 8,000 00 10,000 00 20, 000 00 Beacons completed and lighted. Under construction. Beacons completed. Beacons completed and lighted. Cl Buoys provided. Light and bell provided, and ready to be placed when the society agrees to take charge of them. Completed and lighted. Buoys provided. Title not perfected. Work to be commenced as soon as the arrangements can be made and the season will permit. bo oo A—Continued. Locality. State. Texas , Description of object. Date of appro- Sum appropriated, or priation. balance. Rebuilding of light- Mar. 3, 1853 $15,000 house. 6,000 .do Light-house Pass k I'Outre Aug. 3, 1854 6,000 Port Pontchartrain do 6,000 .do , do.„ Bayou St. John's 6,000 -do do New Canal 3,000 .do. Beacon-light Proctorsville 5,000 .do. Southwest Pass, (Miss) 1 . . . Bell-boat 30,000 .do. Light-house "Shell Keys" .do. 1,500 Day-beacon Horn island 10,000 .do. Grand Pass, Barrataria bay. Light-house 15,000 .do. do Timballier bay 5,000 .do. Rigolets do 5,000 .do. Atchafalaya and Cote Buoys and stakes Blanche bays and bars. 45,000 .do. Southwest Pass, (of Miss.) Light-house 1,500 .do. Pass k I'Outre Buoyage 6,000 »do. Calcasieu river Light-house Mar. 3, 1855 30,000 Ship shoal do.... Aug. 31, 1852 15,000 Aransas Pass do.... Mar. 3,1853, & 30,,000 Sabine river do Mar. 3, 1855. Aug. 3, 1854 1,000 Galveston Beacon-light Texas coast 10,000 ......do Buoyage of, &c Gallinipper Point 10,000 Light-house „„ „. . „ . - . . d o . . . . . . Half-moon Reef light-house. Light-house 10,000 ......do Pelican island 300 do Day beacon, to mark wreck of steamer Farmer. N. Breaker, Galveston bay.. Beacon 5, 000 .do. Louisiana-Cont'd. Chandeleur island bO oo 00 Action taken. Under construction. Completed and ready for lighting. Title defective. Under construction. Do. Do. Do. Site secured, and work to be commenced at an early day. Site selected, and work to be commenced- at an early day. Do do do. Do do do. In course of execution. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Examination of locality, and site selected. Buoys provided. Condemned by Coast Survey. Work to be commenced very soon. Under construction. Site selected, and preparations making to commence the w^ork. Title to site not perfected. Buoys provided. Condemned by the Coast Survey. Site selected, and work to be commenced at an early day. Erected. 00 I Under construction tei hj O td O W tei i Sabine river . . Ohio.. Michigan * Indiana. Illinois.- Light-house .do. .do. Repair to light-house pier. Vermillion harbor do Eagle river Light-house Round island Beacon-light.... . . . . Mouth of Clinton river., Light-house repairs, &c. Mouth of South Black river, Light-house PointBetsey .. dO....O Grand Island harbor do Rock Island harbor, (Isle . . . . . . d o Royal.) Green island, (Lake Erie). Mouth of Maumee river... Huron harbor ^ March 3, 1855 March 3, 1851 Aug. 31, 1852 do Site selected, and steps taken for an early commencement of the work. 5, 000 00 Built, and light exhibited. 5, 000 00 Do do. 6, 000 00 Completed to extent of appropriation. do Sept. 28, 1850 Aug. 31, 1852 do 3, 000 00 5,000 00 •4, 000 00 5, 000 00 do March 3, 1853 ....'..do...... do Have not been able to p.urchase site on reasonable terms,. Under contract; will not be finished untilnext summer. Under construction; will be finished this season. Under contract, but will not be finished this season. Of no immediate necessity, as all the works on the island are abandoned. 5,000 00 Under construction; will be finished this season. Do do do. 5,000 00 5, 000 00 Under contract; will be completed next season. 2,500 00 Under contract. Portage river „do. do. Point Iroquois , , do. do. La Pointe , do. March 3, 1855 Thunder Bay Island light- Fog-bell.. do. house. St. Clair Flats Foundations for two . . . . . . d o light-houses. Monroe. Repair of light-house Aug. 3,1854 foundation. St. Clair Flats. Completing foundado fion of two lighthouses. Michilimackinac.. Light-house and fog.do. bell. Old Fort Mackinac. Light-house .do. Beaver island , do .do. Michigan City Beacon-light on pier .do. Chicago Breakwater, Waukegan. Chicago harbor Port Clinton Light-house .. Beacon-light. Buoys , Light-house.. Aug. 31, 1852 Aug. 3, 1854 ......do do .30,000 00 Work completed. Undex construction, and will be completed this season. Under construction, and will be finished this season. Completed. 5, 000 00 5,000 00 5, 000 00 5,000 00 10,000 00 7,200 00 Work in charge of bureau of topographical engineers. O td H3 O 1-3 tei tei Work completed. 20,000 00. Work in charge of bureau of topographical engineers. i Jurisdiction over site not ceded to the United States. Legislature does not meet until the winter of 1857. 6, 000 00 Have not been able to find the owner of the land, 6, 000 00 Contract executed, awaiting approval. 2, 000 00 Pier is not in condition to sustain a beacon at present. 6,000 00 1,000 00 300 00 5,000 00 Under construction. Title to site imperfect. Buoys made and placed in position. Contract executed, awaiting approval. bo oo A—Continued. Locality. State. Description of object. Date of appropriation. W^auke^an........ - . . . . . . » Light house on breakwater. Taylorport - . - - . . . . . . Light-house do Winnebago lake Wisconsin.. do - - Milwaukie ...... .... Small beacon-light... Port Ulao Small beacon-light on Milwaukie pier. Fond du L a c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light-house.-. do Minnesota . . . - . Minnesota P o i n t . . . . . . . . . . . Light-house C alifornia . . . . . . . Farallones island Illinois—— Oontitiued. do Monterey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Point Conception..,-.. - . . . Light-house and fog. bell. San Diego Humboldt harbor Santa Cruz island Plumboldt harbor Aug. Sum appropriated, or balance. 3,1854 $10,500 00 do Aug. 31, 1852 do Aug. 3, 1854 do do March 3, 1855 5,000 5, 000 5,000 1,000 1,000 00 00 00 00 00 10,000 00 15,000 00 o Light-house do Aug. 31, 1852 ...do San Francisco bay do Buoys Commission Ledge ^.. do Mar. 3, 1853 Middle Ground .....do....do San Francisco bar do. do . . . . . . .. Sacramento river ' ....do . .do FLumboldfc Harbor, a«.= . „ . . , ..--do 1 .do bO CO GO Beacon . 30,000 00 5, 000 00 1,000 500 500 800 2,000 500 00 00 00 00 00 00 Action taken. To be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War. Contract executed, awaiting approval. Under construction, and near completion. Do do do. Action deferred for want of perfect title to site selected. Waiting for construction of pier; will be completed next fall. Title to site imperfect. Site selected ; plans not yet perfected. Light-house and dwelling built under contract; extensive alterations required and are being made, to allow the light to be exhibited. Completed and light exhibited. Light-house and dwelling built under contract; extensive alterations necessary and are being made, before the light can be exhibited. Lighthouse and keeper's dwelling built under contract; extensive alterations required, to allow the light to be exhibited. Completed. Site condemned by the Coast Survey. Apparatus provided, and w^ork directed to be completed without delay. Provided and placed. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1 td tei hj O td O H3 tei > Cl tei Ul Point Bonita Light-house.. San Pedro bay ....do Santa Cruz, or Punta Ano Harbor lightNueva. • .-..do Santa Barbara Light-house . Point Lobos ....do....... Punta de los Reyes do...... do Aug. 3, 1854 g5,000 00 10,000 00 10,000 oq Completed and light exhibited. Title to site not perfected; apparatus provided. Condemned by the Coast Survey. .do. -do. .do. 1.0,000 00 25,000 00 25,000 00 Crescent City... Trinity bay Umpqua Columbia river. Umpqua ....do.. ....do... Buoys. ....do... Light-house . Mar. Title to site not perfected. Apparatus provided. Title to land awarded by land commissioner to a private individual; w'ork cannot be commenced until the purchase is made, and the title approved according to law. Referred to the Coast Survey for examination and report. Do do diO. Buoys provided. Provided and placed. > Work to be commenced at the earliest possible day. Cape Hancock ,...do. CD Oregon. Washington Territory. Blunt's or Smith's island. Cape Shoalwater Cape Flattery and New Dungeness. New Dungeness and Puget Sound. Shoalwater b a y . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 1855 do...... Mar. . 3, 1853 do Aug. 31, 1852 Aug. 3, 1854 15,000 15,000 500 1,500 15,000 10,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 — ao , Two light-houses. .do. .do. 25,000 00 39,000 00 Buoys . .do. 5,000 00 Built under contract; illuminating apparatus and lantern ready for placing when necessary alterations to tower are completed. Site selected, and work to be commenced at the earliest practicable moment. Apparatus ordered. Site selected; apparatus and lantern for New Dungeness shij^ped to the Pacific. Buoys provided in part. ....do. .do. 3, 000 00 Buoys placed by the superintendent of lights at Astoria. .do. Aug. 3, 1854 25,000 00 O td 1^ O tei tei >-H Cl tei Ul Miscellaneous. Testing illuminating Aug. 31, 1852 apparatus of Wilson and Meacham. Testing plan of Chas. Mar. 3, 1853 Babbage for distinguishing lights by occultation. td tei hj 1, 000 00- No definite proposition received from the parties. Experiments being made. bO CO CO 290 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. APPENDIX No. I. PORTLAND, M B . , September 30, 1855. SIR : In ohedience to the order of the Light-house Board, of May 29, 1855, I make the following report 1. Renovations, repairs, &c., of light-houses and heacons, since J u l y l , 1854. Boone island light-house has heen finished,' and was lighted on January 1, 1855. Petit Menan light-house has heen rehuilt, and fitted with a second order lens, showing a fixed light, varied hy flashes. The fixed part of the apparatus is now. in operation. Baker's Island and Franklin Island.light-houses have heen rebuilt, and are ready for the lighting apparatus, which in both is to be a fourth order lens, showing a fixed light, varied by flashes. New lanterns have been placed on Saddleback, Cape Elizabeth, "Whale's Back ancl Nashe's Island light-houses. New reflecting lighting apparatus has been placed in Wood Island, Isle of Shoals, and Hendricks' Head light-houses. The last named light has been changed to a revolving light. Portland Head and Cape Elizabeth light-houses have been lined with brick walls, and cast-iron staircases have been set in them. A small brick work-shop has been built at each light. Negro Island and West Quoddy light-houses have been sheathed with wood, and shingled. The old Cape Elizabeth fog-bell has been repaired, and erected at ^Portland Head light-house. The fog-bell at Petit Menan light-house has been altered from •Jones's original pattern, and now performs well. New dwelling-houses have been erected at Owl's Head, Moose-a-bec, and Libby Island light-houses. Lenses have been substituted for reflectors in Little River, White Head, Portland Head, Cape Elizabeth, Whale's Back, and Portsmouth light-houses. 2. Ofthe beaconage, buoyage, &c., of channels, &c. Since my last report, five new buoys and a bell-boat have been iplaced to mark the approaches to Portland harbor ; several new buoys have been placed in the Kennebec river ; the ledges in the Sheepscot river have been marked by buoys. A buoy, a stone beacon, and three iron spindles have been place-d and erected in Rockport harbor. A timber beacon has been built on Steel's ledge, Penobscot bay. One of the same kind'has been erected on Trott's ledge, near Castine. The western entrance of Edgemoggin reach has been marked by buoys. Fox Island thoroughfare and Deer Island thoroughfare have been buoyed throughout. Two new buoys have been placed in Mount Desert harbor. Several dangerous ledges in the vicinity of Petit Menan island have been marked by buoys. The Moose-a-bec reachj REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 291 and St. Croix river, have been marked by buoys. In the St. Croix, a large timber beacon has been erected on a dangerous ledge, four miles below Calais, and two wooden beacons are now being built, to mark the channel through the narrows in West Passamaquoddy bay. All of the buoys and beacons in the district have been colored and numbered in accordance with the regulations. 3. Of the general condition of the branches of the light-house service. The general condition of the majority of the light-houses in the district is now good. Taking the district as a whole, it may be considered in moderately good order. This is due, not only to the fact that a considerable sum ofmoney has been spent during the last two years, in renovating and repairing the light-houses of the district, and in-building new beacons and in placing new buoys, but also to the fact that the keepers now understand their duties much better than when I made my first inspection tour ih 1853. Then, they had just been appointed ; none of them had any instructions—some of them had scarcely seen a light-house before they came to take possession of those to which they had been appointed; and only in a few cases where re-appointments had been made, was there any indication that a good light would be kept. Some could not make the lamps burn at all, and others burned them without chimneys. Each time that I have inspected since, I have noticed in the greater part of the lighthouses a marked improvement in cleanliness and in the acquaintance ofthe keepers with the manipulations of the lamps. A great deal of the improvement is due to the greater experience of the keepers, but a' great deal also has been caused by the inspection which they know will be made during the season. The beaconage and buoyage of the district are in as good order as they could well be placed, with the means at my disposal. It may be presumed that the channels which l h a v e mentioned previously, where new beacons have been erected and new buoys placed, are in good order. All of the old buoys have been cleaned, painted, and numbered, and in many instances changed, during the past season. The labor of doing this, this season, has been much less than it will be during any season hereafter,, for the number of buoys has been nearly doubled. The buoy-tender, in addition to furnishing transportation to the inspector, takes care of all the old buoys, except those in the Kennebeck river and Portsmouth harbor; she has had, during this season, quite as much to do as one schooner can attend to; and the duties will be so much increased next season, that one schooner will not be sufficient to perform the work. .4. Of rebuilding, renovations, and extensive repairs required during the next fiscal year, with estimates, &c. I consider that it will be advisable to enlarge and alter Mount Desert Rock light-house^, to make it suitable fqr a third order lens. The tower is now fifty feet high, and the lighting apparatus consists of eight twenty-one inch reflectors, and argand lamps, arranged in 292 REPORT pN THE FINANCES. the same horizontal plane; of course, a very inefficient light is shown. To make the alteration, the sum of |10,000 is required. The lighting apparatus at Martinicus Rock is like that at Mount Desert Rock, viz: twenty-one inch reflectors and argand lamps, arranged in a single horizontal plane. There are two towers, and I recommend that ihe light be made a single revolving light. For that pnrpose, a new tower will be required. The tower-lantern and dwell-. ing-houses, independent of the lighting apparatus, will require $27,500. .^ Seguin light-house needs rebuilding, and should be fitted with a first-order lens. New dwelling-houses are also needed. The tower, lantern, and dwelling-houses will require $25,000. If the above recommendations be carried out, the arrangement of these three firstorder seacoast lights will be that recommended by the temporary light-house board in 1851. Quoddy Head light-house requires rebuilding, and iiew dwellinghouses, and should be fitted for a third-order lens. For this piirpose, $15,000 will be required. (In the light-house list it is reported as built in 1808; it is worn out.) Brown's Head light-house was built in 1832, of rubble stone and lime mortar. I t is worn out. I recommend that it be rebuilt. The sum of $5,000 will be required for the purpose. Marshal's Point light-house was built in the same manner, and at the same time. I recommend that it be rebuilt. The sum of $5,000 will be required for the purpose. Fort Point light-house was built in 1836. I t is entirely worn out. I recommend that it be rebuilt. The sum of $5,000 will be required for the purpose. For recapitulation see end of the report. 5. Of all additional aids required, &c., with an estimate of the cost in detail. To enable vessels to cross Isle au Haute bay, and get into Deer Island thoroughfare, I consider a light-house necessary on Peggy's or Mark island, in the thoroughfare. The sum of $5,000 will be necessary for this purpose. There is a very good harbor about four miles west of Mount Desert harbor, called Bass harbor. A light is necessary to assist vessels in entering i t ; and I recommend that $5,000 be appropriated for a lighthouse on Bass Harbor Head. In accordance with the recommendation of Lieutenant Comg. Craven^ TJ, S. N., assistant U. S. coast survey, I recommend that a lighthouse be built on or near Spoon island, off Isle au Haute, Maine. To build this light-house, $6,000 will be required. There is a long stretch of coast in that vicinity which has never been lighted. The sum of $4,500 was appropriated by the last Congress for the erection of a light-house at Isle au Haute thoroughfare. Lieutenant Craven recommends that it shall not be erected there, but on or near Spoon island, Maine. The owner of Widow's island is unable to give a good title to it. The sum of $4,500 was appropriated at the first session of the last Congress for the erection of a light-house on or near this island. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 293 There is a rock in the immediate vicinity, on which the light-house could be built; but as the keeper would be obliged t o ' live in the tower, this would cost more than an ordinary light-house. I therefore recommend that the apropriation be increased $2,500. I recommend that $10,000 be appropriated for bell-buoys on. the south breaker off" Whitehead light-house, entrance of Penobscot bay, and on Boone island ledge, three miles east of Boone island, Maine. For placing buoys and spindles in the waters on the coast of Maine, I recommend that $3,000 be appropriated. For a stone beacon on Fiddler's ledge, Penobscot bay, to take the place of the small iron spindles there now, I recommend an appropriation of $3,000. For recapitulation see end pf the report. 6. Of changes of locations, &c., of existing aids: I have nothing to recommend under this head. 7. Of all useless aids, and ofthe disposition to be made. I know of none in this district that can be considered entirely useless, and have, no recommendation to make. 8. W h a t advantages have been derived by the introduction of lenses in place of reflectors. It is my opinion that allof the advantages possible, viz : economy and an increased brilliancy of the light, have been derived h j the substitution of lenses for reflectors. I think it doubtful whether a reflector - light, which is elevated more than seventy feet above the ground, and which is a good light of the reflector kind, would be improved by the substitution of a lens of an order lower than the third, the lamp of which burns only a single wick. In two or three instances, however, I have placed fourth-order lenses in towers which are higher than seventy feet, and have found no perceptible diminution of the light for a radius of two or three miles. But I am inclined to think that beyond that distance, the reflectors would give the brighter light in these particular cases. Portsmouth light was the best fixed reflector light that I have ever seen. I t was usually made before Whale's Back light, which is more than a mile farther seaward. Since the substitution of the fourth-order lens for the reflectors. Whale's Back light is seen first coming from sea. As I have not tried any lamps with double concentric wicks in these fourth-order lenses hitherto, I am not prepared to state whether this would be the case if they were used. My impression is, that with the double concentric wicks, the superiority of the lenses would be certain. In one instance, that of Cape Elizabeth light-house, a thirdorder lens has been substituted for two reflectors lights, one fixed and one revolving. The lens is intended to shov;^ a fixed light, varied by flashes. But the machinery that moves the flashing part of the apparatus is so imperfect that it has had to be moved by hand during half the time, and the revolution has been so slow that no appearance of flashing is given, but there is merely a successive brightening and dimming ofthe light. No repairs or alterations that I been able to make have remedied the defect; and a new revolving apparatus is required, which must run easier and faster. This apparatus is now being made at this place. 294 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 9. As there are no light-vessels in this district, I have no remarks to make under this head. 10. What number of lens-lights have been introduced since October^ 1852, the number of reflector-lamps removed, and which would have been required for new light-houses under the reflector system. . 11. W h a t per-centage of oil and other supplies is now saved by the substitution of lenses for reflectors, so far as changes have been made. Below I give a list of the light-houses in which lenses have been placed, in which are the name of the light-house, the number of lamps before the change, or which would have been required under the reflector system, and the order of the lens erected. Name of light-house. Order of lens. Little River Harbor. Pumpkin Island Heron Neck Cape Elizabeth Portland Head Portland Breakwater Boone Island Whale's Back Portsmouth Petit Menan White Head .... It appears, therefore, that the substitution of eleven lenses, burning eleven lamps, has answered the purpose of one hundred and thirtyeight lamps and reflectors. A comparison between the actual consumption of oil can be instituted at only two of the old lights at present, as the changes have been made in all the others except one during the present summer. The returns from the one referred to show a saving of oil, but they cannot be relied upon. At Portland Head, the consumption for the first half of 1854 was 220.18 gallons. The lens was put up January 3, 1855, and the consumption for the first half of 1855 was 47.79 gallons. At Portsmouth light-house, the consumption for the first half of 1854 was 302.21 gallons. The lens was put up December 29, 1854, and the consuniption for the first half of 1855 was 39.93 gallons. • The saving in the first case was 360 per cent., and in the second 656 per cent. The discrepancy between the two arises from the fact that Portsmouth light-house is a frame structure, very open, and usually burnt in a year tw^elve gallons per lamp more than any other light-house in the district. Before the lens was erected, the upper part of the tower had been lathed and plastered^ and made as nearly air-tight as possible. This'fact will account in some degree for the small consumption. REPORT ON THB FINANCES. 295 One hundred and thirty-eight reflector-lamps consume 5,526 gallons of oil per annum. The eleven lenses, with the most liberal allowance, consume 1,400 gallons per annum. There is, therefore, a saving in the item of oil of 4,120 gallons per annum, which, at the rate of $2 25 per gallon, amounts to $9,270. This is at present, in the eleven, light-houses named, a saving of about 300 per cent. The saving in the other supplies, with the exception of fuel, must be nearly as great. 12. The present condition of the light-house towers, dwellings, &c., on the coast, compared with their condition when present inspector took charge. I have no hesitation in stating that the present condition of the light-house towers, &c., in this district, is much better now than when they were taken charge of by me in January, 1853. During the season of 1853, I could do but little in making substantial repairs; I was unacquainted with the coast, and.after making the tour of the district, found that quite a large expenditure was necessary to place the towers and dwellings in a fit state to go through the next winter. Since then I have endeavored to make the repairs and alterations in as substantial a manner as possible, and the list under head No. 1 shows what has been done since July, 1854. As a general thing I have considered it best to build the dwelling-houses of wood. I found that in every instance, the stone houses which had been erected previously were damp and often unwholesome. This could be remedied by brick lining with an air-streak, but in nearly all cases the appropriation was too small to bear this. I have, therefore, built nine keepers' houses of wood, and they give satisfaction to the occupants, and will last, twenty-five or thirty years with but little repairs. I mention this, because at first sight it appears that the substitution of a wooden house for a stone one is anything but a substantial repair. 13. Relative conditions of the beaconage and buoyage of channels, &c., now, and when the district was taken charge of by the present inspector. The beaconage and buoyage of the difi'erent channels of the district have been much improved in the last two years. The ledges of all the most important thoroughfares have been marked by buoys as far as has been practicable; so that now, the navigation of the Muscle Ledge channel. Fox Island and Deer Island thoroughfares, Edgemoggin and Moose-a-bec, reaches it comparatively safe. The Sheepscot and St. Croix rivers have been buoyed out, and many buoys have been placed on isolated rocks in the open ocean. In all the channels and thoroughfares above mentioned, with the exception of the Muscle Ledge channel, no buoys had been placed before the district had been taken charge of by the inspector. In nearly all cases where outside rocks had been marked by sparbuoys, nun or can buoys have been set in their places, and sundry spindles and beacons have been erected at various important points in the district, which are referred to under head No. 2. 14. General remarks having reference to the gradual improvements of all the old aids to navigation, and to an efficient, economical, and systematic management of the light-house service. 296 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. I can suggest nothing worthy the attention of the board as to any change in the present system for the gradual improvement of the old aids to navigation in this district.. I believe that they improve every year under the present system, and that if sufficient means be granted, they will continue to improve. The principle of the substitution of lenses for reflectors is, in my opinion, the true one, and I believe that if this principle be carried out, and proper persons be selected for keepers, our light-house establishment will in a few years be all that those most interested in it can desire. A general increase of the salaries of the keepers—say enough to make the average salary one hundred dollars greater—is necessary. Three hundred and .fifty dollars a year, which is the most usual salary in this district, is not enough to support decently any man with a family who is capable of keeping a light well. I believe that such an increase would cause a better class of men to seek after these places. They are. now too often filled by men who are fit for no business, and who apply for these positions because, even with the small salaries now given, they get more money in a year than they could get in the same time by doing anything else. On account of the large number of outside buoys in this district, which require attention—of the length of time often required to get from point to point in a schooner—of the great loss of money arising from delays in transporting working parties—of the expense of chartering vessels to transport materials for building, fuel, &c., &c., I am of the opinion that the best interests of the light-house establishment in this district will be advanced by the purchase of a small steamer. She might be schooner-rigged, a propeller—one of about 250 tons burden. One such steamer could perform all of the service, which now requires two and sometimes.'three schooners; and.in addition, the time and transportation of workmen would be saved, which in themselves are large items. She could also deliver the annual supplies from Portland or Portsmouth, and by that service alone would cause an improvement. The supply-vessel is always in a hurry, and in several cases has left supplies which are not fitted for the light. Often, too, on account of the short time which she can spend at any light-house, it turns out that the repairs of oil-butts, lamps, &c., have been imperfectly made. But the great number of outside buoys in the district which require attention, is the principal reason why a steamer would be particularly useful. There are many more buoys on ledges exposed to the full force of the sea, along the coasts of Maine and New Hampshire, than along any coast of the same length in the United States, and I have sometimes had a vessel waiting more than a month to replace one buoy. Two weeks is not an uncommon time to take up in changing one. A steamer could place ten such buoys before a schooner could place one, under the most favorable circumstances. Very res.pectfully, your obedient servant, W . B. FRANKLIN,^ Light-house Inspector, First District, . Lieut. T. A. JENKINS, U. S . N , Secretary of the Light-house Board, Washington, D. G. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. RECAPITULATION. 297 " Renovations and repairs recommended.—First district. Mount Desert Rock light-house ' Martinicus Rock light-house, without lighting apparatus. Seguin light-house, without lighting apparatus Quoddy Head light-house Brown'sHead light-house Marshall's Point light-house.. Fort Point light-house ; Total $10,000 27,500 25^000 15,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 92,500 00 Neio aids recommended.—First district. Light-house, west entrance to Deer Island thoroughfare 45,000 00 Light-house on Bass Harbor Head 5,000 00 Light-house on or near Spoon island, in .addition to $4,500 appropriated for light-house in Isle au Haute thoroughfare , 1,500 00 Light-house near Widow's island, in addition to $4,500 appropriated August 3, 1854 2,500 00 Bell-buoys on South breaker and Boone Island ledge.... 10,000 00 Buoys at various points in waters of Maine 3,000 00 Stone beacon on Fiddler's ledge 3,000 00 Total , .-. 30,000 00 Total of renovations, &c., and new aids, $122,500. W . B. FRANKLIN, Light-house Inspector, First District. PORTLAND, September 30,1855. APPE^^DIX No. 2. BOSTON, September 5, 1855. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the progress made in the construction of light-houses and other aids to navigation in the second light-house district, and the expenditures thereon, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855: Light-house at thc head ofi Holmes's Hole harbor.—The three beaconlights were completed and lighted on the 4th December, 1854. The keeper's dwelling-house is nearly finished. Erection ofi beacon and repairs ofi beacons in Newburyport harbor.— There has been no expenditure under this appropriation during the year. The beacon that was temporarily repaired„the previous year. 298 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. was carried away by the ice this spring. An additional appropriation of $2,000 is asked for to rebuild it and secure both. A beacon on Fawn beer, near Deer island^ in Boston harbor.—The foundation of this beacon was secured and some repairs made last fall; but the superstructure wa"s carried away by a gale, during the winter. I t will be built during the present working season. Beacon on Deep Hole Rock.—No expenditure. Light-house and keeper's dwelling on or near the Breakwater, at Bass river.—This house was completed and lighted on the 30th April, 1855. Toioards erecting a light-liouse on the rocks called the Sow and Pigs. —No progress made in the construction of this work during the last year. Operations will be commenced early in the next working season. Rebuilding light-house at Gay Head.—Bids have been received and accepted for the completion of this work by the 1st December, 1855. Bell and triangle beacons at the Graves and Harding's ledges.—The beacon for the Graves has been built, and was moored on its station the 22d of June, 1855. That for the Harding's will be finished in a few days. Light-house on Egg Rock island, near Nahant.—The difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory title to the island has deferred the contracting for the construction of this house. Removal ofi light-house at Truro, (Highlands) Cape Cod.—The subject of the new location is under the consideration of the Light-house Board. Preservation ofi the site ofi Billingsgate Island light-house.—The repairs at this place during the last year were carried away by a gale during the winter, and the balance on hand will hardly be sufficient to preserve the light-house during the present winter. The previous history of this island would indicate that it would be better and chea^per to build a new light-house on screw-piles, than to make further attempts to secure the permanency of the present site. I therefore ask an appropriation of $14,000 for that purpose. Rebuilding light-house at Brant Point, Nantucket harbor.—The plan for this light-house is under consideration by the Light-house Board. Light-house on the Spit at thc entrance ofi thc Narrows, Boston harbor.—Bids have been received and accepted for the completion of this work by the 1st December, 1855. Beacon on Alderton Point, entrance to Boston Aar&or.—Bids have been received and accepted for the completion of this work by the 1st December, 1855. Repairs and incidental expenses.—The expenditures under this appropriation are for the repairs of light-houses, building a dwelling house for the assistant keeper at Sankaty Head, and the general contingent expenses for the district. Respectfully submitted. C. A. OGDEN, Major Corps Engineers. Lieut. THORNTON A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 299 BOSTON, September 6, 1855. SIR: In addition to my ^^ report of the progress ofthe light-houses and other aids to navigation, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1855," I have the honor to submit the following: A contract was made with Harrison Loring, on the 1st July, to complete the light-house on the Spit at the entrance of the Narrows, Boston harbor, by the 1st December, 1855. A contract was made with Caleb^King, on the 18th July, to complete the light-house at Gay Head by the 1st December, 1855. The light-keeper's dwelling-house at Holmes's Hole was completed o n t h e 20th July, 1855. A contract was made with Albert Blaisdell and Charles Emerson, on the 20th August, to complete the beacon on Alderton Point by the 1st December^ 1855. A contract was made with Ira P . Brown, on the 27th August, to complete the light-house on Egg Rock island by the 1st December, 1855. The bell-beacon for the Harding's ledge has been completed, and was moored on the 5th September, 1855. The iron spindle on the Londoner Rock, off Cape Ann, has been completed. The foundation and three courses (2 feet each) of the superstructure of the beacon on Fawn bar has been laid. Estimate ofi fiunds required fior the preservation ofi the construction and repairs of light-houses and other aids to navigation, in the second light-house district, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1857. For construction and repairs of beacons in Newburyport harbor For a light-house on or near Billingsgate island $2,000 00 14,000 00 16,000 00 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. A. OGDEN, • Major Corps Engineers. Lieut. THORNTON A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington. APPENDIX No. 3. LIGHT-HOUSE ENGINEER OPEICE, NEWPORT, R . I., October 4, 1855. SIR : In compliance with the request of the Light-house Board, as expressed in an extract from its proceedings,of the 29th May, 1855, communicated in your letter of June 5, I have the honpr to submit the following report of light-house operations in the Rhode Island subdivision of the third district, for the year ending September 30, 1855, and of proposed operations and estimates for the next fiscal year. 300 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The great extent of the third district, and of the operations therein, added to the various other duties devolved on the engineer in charge, made a further subdivision desirable, and, accordingly, I was directed by the. chief engineer. (June 2, 1855) to report to the Light-house Board for the assumption of light-house duties in the Rhode Island subdivision. This was done, and I at once entered on the duties assigned. The following appropriations were then available : 1. For a new light-house tower and illuminating apparatus and fog-signal at Beaver Tail $14,500 00 2. For rebuilding the light-house and keeper's dwelling, and for the repairs of the sea-wall to preserve the light-house site at Watch Hill 8,500 00 3. For a beacon or spindle to mark the reef extending from Block island 2,000 00 4. For a beacon-light at Bristol Ferry, a balance of $1,368 48 of an appropriation of • 1,500 00 The operations under these heads have been as follows : OPERATIONS. Beaver Tail.—The plans of this work were not fully prepared at first; and by reason of several modifications successively proposed, and an entire change of plan early in September, nothing has been done except to get out the stone for foundations, and to make some arrangements which will facilitate a rapid execution of' the work next spring. No operations are now in progress there. Watch Hill.—The existing tower at this important locality is ex.ceedingly precarious, and the old house is in bad condition. As the'' present sea-wall will, in all probability, secure the site this winter, with slight repairs, 1 thought it best to concentrate operations this season on the house and tower. Accordingly, I prepared a plan, which was approved, for a brick house and stone tower in connexion. Good progress has been made in constructing the house and tower in a very durable style, and with every prospect of a good result. It is confidently expected that the house and tower will be finished in season for occupation during the coming winter. The tower is built at an angle of the house, and' communicates with an oil-cellar at bottom and a cleaning-room in the second story of the house. I t i s ten feet square, without batter, faced with granite blocks of full length and ten inches thick on all sides, and this facing is backed with brick-work, leaving a six-feet cylinder for cast-iron stairs. Large flues are left at each angle between the facing and backing, • A base course projects three inches, and a corbel course at top supports the coping course of cut-stone. The house is of two full stories, and contains a sitting-room, dining-room,' kitchen, three chambers, a closet-room, and house-cellar, besides the cleaning-room and oil-cellar. The unexpended balance of the appropriation will be applied to the sea-wall, for which I shall submit an estimate under the succeeding head. . Block Island.—By reason of various pressing engagements, I have REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 301 not yet succeeded in visiting Block island, for examining the question of locating a beacon or spindle, and to report on the change of location of the light which has been proposed.. I expect soon to do this, when I shall submit a special report. Bristol Ferry.—The beacon-light at this place has been hitherto maintained on a wooden frame-work. No keeper's house had been provided. I have to report the completion of the new housp and tower, in a very satisfactpry manner, and that the light is this:night first exhibited on the new tower, at a distance of 53 feet N. \fi!^. of its old place, 4 | feet higher, and 30 feet above low water. The; walls of the house and tower are of brick, and the plan is otherwise precisely that first supplied by the board. The result obtained is a thoroughly built, small, but convenient construction, well adapted to the place. ..j Nayat Point.—The gale of last January had the effect to so undermine this light-house that some repairs were necessitated for its protection during the storms of the coming winter. These repairs have been applied. I shall treat of the renovation of this light and its sea-walLdefence under the next head. Goat Island wharf.—The service of buoys, &c., in this portion of t h e t h i r d district requiring a place for storage and repairs, the Secretary of War has authorized the use for this purpose of a part of Goat island, Newport harbor. The old Fort Wolcott wharf, which was the landing place, had fallen into almost total ruin, so that a landing could not be effected there at high water, and stores could not be landed a t a l l . Under these circumstances, I was directed to repair the old wharf. The stone-work is already complete, and the filling and capping are in hand. It amounted to an entire reconstruction of all a:bove low water,, and this has been done so faithfully and so well, that the result is highly satisfactory. ' The wharf will soon be much better than it ever was before. This locality is admirably adapted to the purposes in question, and by some extension of shore accommodations, can be made all that the buoy service requires in this quarter. PROPOSE!) CONSTRUCTIONS, AND ESTIMATES. Lime Rocks, Newport harbor.—The keeper of the Lime Rock light is now obliged to live in Newport, and to reach the light daily in a boat. This is a matter of much difficulty, during the winter storms, and would, in some cases, be quite impracticable. It seems desirable, on other accounts, that the keeper should live on the spot. That he may do so, a house is necessary, as the present building has only a single small room, and is but a temporary shanty. I would, therefore, recommend that an appropriation be asked for this purpose, and for a ferry rope or foot-bridge between the rock and the shore. I estimate that for these purposes the sum of $1,500 will be required. Dutch Island—The lantern and stairs of the tower of Dutch Island light are extremely bad. The stairs are of very rough stone, dark, cramped, and slippery in winter. The lantern is wretched, astragals very broad, glass bad, and the door so broken that it cannot be closed 302 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. tight. It is very desirable that the lantern, illuminating apparatus, and stairs of this tower, if not the tower itself, should b|e, rebuilt. Though the walls, of the tower are only indifferent rough masonry, it may be sufficient for the present to break out the stone steps and introduce a brick shaft and iron stairs within, merely cutting out the required openings from the walls. But as this depends upon the condition of the masonry, which cannot now be fully known, I shall estimate an amount sufficient for the worst contingency. The house is in tolerable repair, but so built up with tRe tower as to need some modifications. W i t h a view to all these objects, I estimate that an appropriation is required, for constructing the tower and lantern, and for new illuminating apparatus, at Dutch island, of $2,000. Nayat Point.—The present tower and sea-wall at this point is in a very decayed condition. The tower is cracked on four sides from top to bottom ; its floor is too low, and the stairs are inconvenient. The lantern is very bad, the astragals broad, glass small, bad, and patched, and lamps bad. The tower has been undermined—has been protected by a ring-wall, and this has been breached and repaired. A wall has been built along the south beach, to prevent the sea from cutting off' the light-house site, and this, too, is broken down in great part. An entire renovation of this whole construction is required, and should be so executed as to be truly permanent. The present plan of seawall is radically faulty, and new lines are required, with more reference to wave and tide actions. Two principal lines, one along the south beach and one along the west beach, and the tower on the angle thus made, seems to me the proper plan, and I shall estimate accordingly. I estimate that an appropriation is required, for a new tower, illuminating apparatus, and sea-wall at Nayat Point, of $6,500. Watch Hill.—The sea-wall for the protection of this important site is built on false principles and in an inferior style. The ifirst vv'-all built was not carried deep enough,.and a second wall has been, in some parts, placed outside of this, which is also now being undermined by the action of the sea. The materials used were the beachboulders, and are not adequate to resist the action of the unbroken swell of the sea, which breaks in full force on this salient point. Incessant repairs will be required until a regularly coursed wall is built and carried down below low water. An enrockment to protect the foot of the wall will, probably, also be needed. As the site is one of prime importance, and as so much of it has already been swept away since its first occupancy, I think it ought now to be guarded in the securest manner. The balance of the present appropriation, after building the house and tower, will not suffice for such a sea-wall, and I therefore estimate the additional amount, which will be required for this purpose, at $10,000. RECAPITULATION OE ESTIMATES. For keeper's house and ferry rope, or foot-bridge, at Lime Rock, Newport harbor , For reconstructing the tower and for new illuminating apparatus at Dutch island.. $1,500 00 2,000 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 303 For new tower, illuminating apparatus and sea-wall at Nayat Point $6,500 00 For completing sea-wall at Watch Hill 10,000 00 Some other localities where, improvements are desirable have engaged my attention, but require further study before action is recommended. I am, sir, very truly yours, &c., E. B. HUNT, Lieutenant Corps ofi Engineers. Capt. T. A. JENKINS, Naval Secretary Light-house Board. LIGHT-HOUSE ENGINEER IOEFICB, Newport, R. I , October 17, 1855.. S I R : . In further compliance with the instructions of the board as conveyed in your letter of June 11,1 yesterday made a careful examination of the north end of Block island, to deternaine the question involved in the existing appropriation of $2,000 ^^for a beacon or spindle to mark the reef extending from Block island." I also examined, as requested, the sand actions around the present light-house, and the question of a new location for the light. I have to report the following facts, and conclusions : The existing arrangement consists of two lights on the ends of the keeper's house, and 50 feet high. Around this are shifting sandhills on all sides, and these have reached such a height on some points that the lights only show some ten feet above them. The sand-grass gathers sand constantly, and there is no security against its speedily rising high enough to mask the lights. Altogether the •location seems to me utterly bad. It is too reinot'e from the point to make the Sand-spit, which runs nearly two miles north ofthe lights. From a line almost due east, around by the south, to a line about 30° west of south, these lights are wholly masked by the higher land of the island. Now it happens that the most valuable action of a light at Block island is in this angle of eclipse. Being interniediate between Gay Head and Montauk lights, it should show.,well seaward. Navigators running in fromthe southeast and expecting to make this 'light would not see it at all, and thus in dark nights would run directly on the east beach. In fact, this beach is a frequent scene of wrecks. Clay Plead bluff, lying but little south of east from the lights, rises to full twice their height. It is my decided opinion that the Block Island light should be on this line of cliffs and near their highest point. So |)laced and raised on a tower of some 40 or 50 feet, it would, I think, show over the entire island, unless it might be Beacon Hill. It would mark the east coast line, and have an unobstructed range over all the field now lighted, and nearly 90° besides. It would be freed from sand-hills, and would in effect mark the North Sand-point quite as effectively as is now done. Its westward action would, on the whole, be better than now. For the purpose of more distinctly marking the North Sand-point, a small beacon-light on the extreme point might be added to ad' vantage. This should be so made as to be easily moved, and could 304 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. thus be always kept on the extreme point. For this purpose it would not need to be more than twenty feet high ; and it could be maintained about one-third of a mile north of the present light, and the present house could be made to serve for the keeper's residence. In relation to the beacon or spindle for which the existing appropriation was made, I am satisfied, from all I can learn of the sand-spit off the northwest point, that it would be unwise to attempt the erection of any fixed structure thereon. About a hundred years ago, a beach-plum thicket' grew on what is now called the Hammock, or shoal spot, on the north end. . The Coast Survey charts show five feet water there at mean low water. About two years ago, the shoal, to tho extent of an acre, appeared dry after a severe storm. It is said to shift both east and west, and out and in from shore. Thus no reliance can be placed on its stability. The surf is exceedingly violent along the shoal during southerly storms, when the, spray is said to break fifty feet high, as opposite waves meet. Again, from the Hammock, north, the water deepens very gradually, so that a beacon or spindle there would require an extraordinary berth. But the buoy is the real and safe index of the end of the spit, and as such, is really better than a spindle or beacon on the Hammock. It would, during storms, be seen as well as a beacon cased in spray. If it needs to be more conspicuous, a can or nun buoy might be substituted for the present spar-buoy, and this change would probably be very judicious in any event. A lighted beacon on the spit I consider impossible, and an unlighted one nearly useless and wholly precarious. The change of buoy and a beacon-light on the extreme point of land, together with a sea-light on Clay Head, would furnish the maximum protection against this reef, which could be attained without a lightboat. Should this plan be adopted, the existing appropriation would suffice for bmlding the movable beacon on the point, and re-fitting the present house for its keeper. From the considerations now presented, an entire re-organization of the Block Island lights seems to me of urgent necessity. Those lights cannot do their duty as they are. The two lights show as one at a short range, and the attrition of tlie sand has so roughened the lantern-panes that they are fast approaching the state of ground glass; hence a decided dullness of light results. They are so much masked to the seaward, as to serve as false lights by their nonappearance when expected. A new fixed lights varied with flashes, on Clay Head^ to serve as a general sea-light, and a red beacon-light to indicate the shoal point or spit which runs off' to the north of the present lights, would serve all the purposes of navigation far better than the existing double light. I would therefore respectfully recommend that an appropriation be asked for building a new light-house and keeper's dwelling on Clay Head, and that the appropriation now available be applied in constructing a movable beacon on the point of sand as far north as may be, with safety; als.o that a can or nun buoy be substituted for the spar-buoy off the north end ofthe spit. I estimate that, for purchasing the site and building the tower and keeper's house, and for new REPOET ON THE FINANCESo ' 305 ilium in ating apparatus on Clay Head, or the most northera high bluff of the east beach, the sum of $9,000 will be required. Very respectfullv, yours, &c., E . B . HUNT, Lieutenant Corps of Engineers. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Engineer Secretary Light-house Board. APPENDIX No„ 4. LIGHT-HOUSE OFFICE, THIRD DISTRICT, No. 101, Front street. New York, Oct. 1, 1855. S I E : In compliance with the order ofthe Light-house Board, under date of 29th May last, I have to submit the following ansv/ers to severa! of the questions accompanying it, in relation to the operations connected with tho service of the third iight-house district, for the last fiscal year : • ^ 1.. ^^Of renovations, repairs, &c., of light-houses, light-vessels, and Beacons, made since 1st July, 1854." The illuminating apparatus at the following Hght-houses has been renovated, viz : Fort Tompkins^—A. fourth-order lens, 270°, fitted with valve and argand lamps, for the nine argand lamps, and 2l~inch reflectors. Robbin's Reef N. Y.—A fourth-order lens, 360°, with valve and moderator lamps, for the nine argand lamps, and 21-inch reflectors, Bergen Point, N. J.—-A sixth-order lens, 300°, and argand lamp, for the seven lamps, and 15-inch reflectors. Roundout Creek, N. Y.—A sixth-order lens, 300°, and argand lamp, for the five lamps, and 15-inch reflectors. Cedar Island, N Y.—A sixth-order lens, 270°, and argand lamp, for the nine lamps, and 14-inch reflectors. Esopus Meadows, N. Y.—A sixth-order steamer lens, 225°, and argand lamp, for the four lamps, and 15-inch reflectors. Saugerties. N. Y.—A sixth-order steamer lens, 225°, and argand lamp, for the four lamps, and 16-inch reflectors. Coxackie, N, Y.-—A sixth-order steamer lens, 225°, and argand lamp, for the six lamps, and 14-inch reflectors. Morgan's Pointy Ct.—A sixth-order steamer lens, 225°, and argand lamp, for the ten lamps; and 14-inch reflectors. Poplar Point. Ii. I.—A sixth-order steamer lens, 225°^ and argand lamp, fbr the eight lamps, and 14-inch reflectors. Norwallc Island, Ct.—Six argand lamps, 21-inch reflectors, and new clock machinery, for the ten lamps, and 14-inch reflectors. Stratford Point, Ot.—Six argand la,mps, 21-inch reflectors, and new clock machinery, for the ten lamps, 15-inch reflectors, and old revolving apparatus. Point Judith, R, I.—Ten argand lamps and 21-inch reflectors, and new clock, for the ten lamps^ 15-inch reflectors, and old revolving, machin ery« 20 S06 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. A new vessel showing two lights, each composed of eight argand lamps and 12-inch reflectors, has been placed off Sandy Hook, and the old one removed for repairs ; but she proved to be in a very decayed state, and w^as sold. A regular system of repairing the towers and keepers' dwellings in the district was established by Major W . D. Fraser, United States engineers, and I believe has been generally satisfactorily carried out by him and his successor. Captain George Dutton, of the same corps,, to whose reports I would refer you for the details. 2. '^ Ofthe buoyage, beaconage, and stakeage of channels, &c., so far as completed under the present system." The buoyage of the several channels through New York bay and harbor; the East river, N . Y . ; Newark and Princess bays, N. J . ; Narragansettbay, the several harbors in it, and Providence and Warren rivers, R. I., has been completed. The buoy-vessels are now busily at work in Long Island sound and harbors, and it is expected that the buoyage ofthese, and Gardiner's and Peconic bays, will be completed in all of the next month. 3. ^^ Of the general condition ofthe different branches of the lighthouse service at the date ofthe report." W i t h the exception of the several cases alluded to in this report, the condition of the different Toranches of the light-house service in this district may be considered as satisfactory ; but a great deal yet remains to be done in building and improving. Jurisdiction has been obtained over the land required for all the sites of the new light-houses authorized, agreements made for its purchase, and the papers placed in the hands of the United States district attorney for examination, &c., with the exception of Race Point, Fisher's island, N. Y., the price for which has not yet been agreecl upon. 4. ^^Of rebuilding, renovations, and extensive repairs required during the next fiscal year." Bergen Point and Passaic light-houses, Newark Bay, N. J.—The cribs on Avhich these buildings stand were originally built in the slightest manner possible, and without being entirely filled in. They are now decayed, or worm-eaten, and settling inwards ; the walls of the buildings are settling, and the whole fabrics are in such a state as to be liable to be swept away by a heavy pressure of ice at any moment. I would recommend that both be rebuilt. Execution Rocks, N. Y.—The foundation is insecure. The stones thrown to the eastward of the tower to protect it from the heavy gales from that quarter have been washed to the west side, and the vessel filled with stones for the same purpose is breaking up. The landing wants considerable repairs, as does also the gallery round the outside of the tower, and the plastering inside. I would recommend t h a t t h e whole be attended to at the earliest moment possible, and at the same time a "larger bell, with suitable striking machinery, be substituted for that now in use, which is much too small, and can be heard but a very short distance. The sea-wall at Sands' Point, N. Y., gave way in an easterly gale in February last. I t is very slightly built, and has been almost an REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 307 annual source of outlay for many years. I would, therefore, recommend that the point be protected in a more thorough and complete manner, either by jettees and enrockment, or a substantial wall, as may be deemed best advisable by the engineer of the district. I would also recommend that a fifth-order lens, to illuminate 270°, should be substituted for the nine lamps and 21-inch reflectors now in use. Saybrook, Ct.—The crib-work supporting the foundation of the tower is decayed and giving way ; the tov/er, I think, has the appearance of settling to the northeast, and should be attended to at the earliest date possible. The lantern is old, sashes large, and lights of glass very small. I would recommend that it be removed, and a fourth-order lantern take its place, with a fourth-order lens to illuminate 300°, in place ofthe ten lamps and 14-inch reflectors now in use. The dwelling leaks badly, and has been reported not worth repairing. I have to recommend that it be rebuilt; and as the public grounds are very circumscribed, that they be increased also. New London, Ct.—The lantern at this station is very roomy, but has the same objections as the one at Saybrook,'and I would recommend that it be renovated in a like manner, and a fourth-order lens to illuminate 315° be substituted for the eleven lamps and 14-inch reflectors now in use. Faulkner's Island, Ct.—The dwelling at this station has been pronounced unworthy of repairing. I would recommend it to be replaced by a new one at a point as near to the tower as possible, and the old ohe torn down. I would also recommend that a fourth-order lens to illuminate 360° take the place of the nine lamps and 16-inch reflectors, which are much worn, having been in use fifteen years. Black Rock, Ct.—Orders have been given to change the lanterns on this and Dutch island, Rhode Island, towers; but as they both required an entire renovating inside, the work has not been done this season, and I have to recommend that both may be renovated when the lanterns are placed. The illuminating apparatus is completely worn out, and I would also recommend that the first be supplied with a fifth and the latter with a sixth-order lens to illuminate 270°. Point Judith, R. I.—The dwelling at this station is in much the same condition as the one at Faulkner's island, and I have to recommend that it be replaced in a like manner. The lanterns in the Newport, Warwick, and Block Island, R. I., towers, are fitted with heavy sashes and small panes of glass. The illuminating apparatus at Block island and Newport is much worn, and I have to recommend that a new lantern be placed in them, and fifth-order lenses to illuminate 270° be substituted for the lamps and reflectors now in use. Nayat Point, R. I.—The sea-wall at-this point is again considerably damaged; the walls of the tower are cracked and settling, and I am of the opinion that money expended in repairing them is thrown away, and have to recommend that a new tower be erected further back on the point, behind and near the dwelling, and that a sixth 308 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. order lens to illuminate 270° be substituted for the six lamps and re° flectors, which are quite worn out. The illuminating apparatus at Little Gull island, N. Y., is yery much worn, and I have to recommend that it be replaced by a lens apparatus of not less than a third-order, to illuminate the entire horizon. The beacon marking the entrance to Southport, Conn., is almost entirely,broken up, and will have to be rebuilt from the foundations, or an iron pile beacon erected in place of it. The latter I would recommend, as it requires but little repair, and is more liable to stand against the ice.' Wooden beacons require an annual outlay to keep them in order. The foundation of the standard for the beacon-light at ^^ Van Wie's D a m " was carried away early in the spring by a vessel drifting against it during a freshet; and as this has been frequently the case, I w^ould recommend that a structure, either of iron or stone, strong and high enough to resist the pressure of the ice, and be above the freshets, be placed on or near the end of the dike. 5. '^Of all additional aids required to render navigation safe and easy." A beacon-light on or off Tarrytown Point, Hudson river, New York, would be of the greatest assistance to the navigation of the river. Two appropriations have been obtained for a light near this point, but both have reverted to the treasury, being considered inadequate for the object. The first appropriation was for a light on '' Teller's Point," near Sing Sing, but the price asked for the land exceeded the amount appropriated. Title and jurisdiction was given by the State of New York, on the l l t h of April, 1849, for so much land ' 4 n the Hudson river, at a point in the vicinity of Tarrytown Point, at such distance from the shore that the water, at the time of ordinary lowwater mark, should not exceed two feet in depth," as might be required for the purpose, for the last, but it was also considered insufficient for the purpose. A beacon on the sand-spit off Cannonicut Point, west side of entrance to Providence river, Rhode Island, would be of great service in the navigation of that river. An iron spindle on the ^^Hen and Chickens Rock," Long Island sound. New York, would deflne the position well, could be easily placed, and mark the west side of entrance to Hampstead harbor. ^'What advantages have been derived by the introduction of lenses in place of reflectors, in old and new light-houses?" Better lights and a reduction in the expenses of keeping them. ^'What advantages have been derived from the introduction of reflectors and of constant level lamps in light-vessels?" Very much better lights. ^'What number of the different order of lens lights have been introduced since October, 1852, and the number of reflector lamps removed from old lights, and which would have required new ones had the reflector system been continued?" Two fourth-orders. Four sixth-orders. REPORT ON THE FINANCES; 309 Eleven sixth-orders, (steamer-lenses.) Three large-sized hand-lenses for beacons. Four small-sized hand-lenses for beacons. Eighty-six lamps and reflectors have been removed from thirteen light-houses, and all would have required new ones except two (Robbins' reef and Fort Tompkins,) had the reflector system been continued. ' ' W h a t per-centage of oil and other supplies for lights is now saved by the substitution of lenses for reflectors, so far as the changes have been made, in the old and new l i g h t s ? " About seventy per cent. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. L U D L O W CASE, Light-house Inspector, Third district. Commander T. A.. JENKINS, U. S . N . . , Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 5. OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ENGINEER AGENCY, No. 5 BOWLING GREEN, NEW YORK, October 12, 1855. SIR: In compliance with the circular from the Light-house Board, transmitted to me under date of 5th June last, I have the honor to report in relation to so much of the light-house service in the third district as has been specially assigned to this office, and the operations therein since the 1st of July, 1854. REPAIRS, REFITTING, AND IMPROVEMENTS. A general inspection of the light-house establishments in the third district was made by Brevet Major Fraser, in 1853, who estimated the repairs required therein, and established a system for their execution by subdividing the third district into flve divisions, designated as the Newport, New Haven, Sag Harbor, NewYork, and Burlington, or Lake Champlain, divisions, to each of which a vessel and working party^ under the charge of an overseer, was assigned, who executed the repairs required under specific instructions from the superintending officer. These repairs consisted in repointing the masonry of towers and houses with cement mortar ; repairing and tightening decks; repairing and renewing, where necessary, the frames, glass, and covering of the lanterns, stairways, and electrical conductors ; painting woodwork ; and whitewashing towers. The keepers' dwellings and out-houses, wherever necessary, were thoroughly repaired, including the renewal or repair of weather-covering, chimneys, plastering, cisterns, conductors, and adding 'conveniences for stowing oil and materials, with some repairs of protection works ; such work only of this character and description being done as was considered indispensable to the establishment. 310 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. These general repairs, upon which a commencement was made early in the season of 1854, were completed on the 1st December last, and the following light-house establishments repaired in the manner described, viz: In Rhode Island.—At Point Judith, Nayat Point, Warwick Neck, Poplar Point, Wickford Sandy spit. Prudence island. Goat Island, light-house and pier. Block island, Dutch island, and some indispensable repairs at Beaver Tail and Watch Hill, which establishments were about to be rebuilt; also, on the beacons at Great Bend, Hog island, Brenton's flats, Bristol Ferry, and Spindle Rock. In Connecticut.—At Great Captain's island, Norwalk, Black Rock, Stratford Point, Stonington, North Dumpling, and Faulkner's island. In addition to which, the two beacons in the harbor of Bridgeport have, during the past summer, been put in thorough repair. In New York.—At Cedar island, Gull island. Plumb island, Montauk Point, at the eastern extremity of Long Island; at Eaton's Neck, Sands' Point, Execution Rocks, and Throgg's Point, in Long Island sound ; at Fire island, Navesink, Sandy Hook, Fort Tompkins, Princess bay, Robbins' reef, and Bergen Point, in the waters near New York; and at Stuyvesant, Coxsackie, Four Mile Point, Saugerties, Eondout, Esopus Meadow^s, and Stony Point, on the Hudson river; and, in renovation and improvement, three wooden tripods were put up at Van AVie's dam, Cow island, and New Baltimore, and three iron beacon-posts at Primer's Hook, Catskill Reach, and West Point, all mounted with bug-lights. On Lake Champlain, repairs have been made at Juniper island, Split Rock, and Cumberland Head. The total amount expended under this head up to June 30, 1855, was $24,462 99. CONSTRUCTIONS. Light-house on Gardiner's island.—This structure is located at the extremity of a low, sandy beach, about three miles long, projecting to the northward from the above island, and elevated about three feet above high water. The building is composed of a keeper's house twenty-eight feet square, of one and a half stories in height, with a cellar, and is connected with a circular tower at the northern extremity nine feet diameter, surmounted by a lantern, intended to contain a Fresnel lens of the 5th order. The plan was furnished by the Light-house Board, and the buildings have been constructed in the most substantial manner, of hardburned bricks laid in cement, with slate roof, and cast-iron lantern. Connected with the building is a cistern, six feet diameter and seven : feet deep, and a small frame wash-room ten by twelve feet. The focal plane ofthe lantern is elevated thirty feet above low water. This light-house was completed and ready for lighting in December last. Range beacon-lights fior entering the harbor ofi New York, and guiding vessels to the Narrows.—Of these ranges there are three: one to guide vessels through the Swash channel, another through Gedney's chan REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 311 nel to Southwest spit, and the third to guide vessels to and from the Narrows, requiring the construction of six light-houses, with three separate keepers' dwellings, four of which are located in New Jersey and the other two on Staten Island. In accordance with the plans furnished for these by the Light-house Board in April last, a contract, dated June 11, 1855, was entered into with Richard Calrow, jr., of the city of New York, for the construction of these six range lightbeacons at the stipulated price of $19,124 for the whole, which included the construction of nine separate buildings in all, viz: Three hexagonal towers, three keepers' dwellings, v\^ith light-turret in the centre, and three separate keepers' dwellings, all of wood, upon foundations of brick laid in cement. The work to be completed on the 25th October, 1855. At this time the buildings for the Swash range are nearly ready for occupanc}^ and lighting, and the completion of all the others is expected during the month of October present. The amount of appropriation on hand for these structures is estimated to be sufficient to cover the cost of construction, and also of cisterns, wells, and the contingent expenses of surveying and superintendence. Monument on Mill reefi, in Kill van Kuhl.—A wrought-iron pilebeacon has been established on the extremity of this reef, in seven feet water at low and twelve feet water at high tide. It is composed of a centre shaft, rising twenty-nine feet above low water, and surmounted by a basket-formed cage-work. The shaft, which is seven inches in diameter, being braced by iron rods to six 5-inch, iron piles, established regularly around it at twelve feet distance. These piles, furnished with disks, were driven fourteen feet deep in a foundation of gravel, and boulders of very difficult penetrability, and imparting the utmost stability to the structure. Beacon on West Oyster-bed, Newark bay.—A beacon, of the same material and pattern as that of Mill reef, has been established on the eastern extremity of the above shoal, in five feet water at low and ten feet at high tide, and rises thirty-one feet above low water. The piles were driven to the same depth, fourteen feet, in a formation of hard, compact mud and shells. Its stability is considered ample to meet any trial. Beacon on SoMd Spit, Sag harbor, New York.—A vv^rought-iron pile beacon has been erected on this shoal, composed of a centre pile shaft, seven inches in diameter, and spear rising twenty-eight feet above low water, and surmounted by a globular cage-work four feet in diameter, this shaft being braced, by rods of 2-inch iron, to four other piles, established at nine feet distance regularly around it, and all of them driven through disks twelve feet, into hard, compact sand. It is established in one foot depth of water at low and five feet at high tide, is conspicuous, and its stability is undoubted. Beacon at Plum Gut, (north fiork ofi Long island.)—The location of this beacon is on a large boulder situated on the west side of the passage from Long Island sound to Gardiner's bay, between Orient Point and Plum island. A wrought-iron beacon had been designed for this locality, and the 312 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. iron-work manufactured, under a previous superintendence, composed ofa centre shaft seven inches in diameter, rising thirty feet above low water, surmounted with a basket-formed cage-work. Five iron posts, five inches diameter, being establish eel regularly around it at the distance of three and a half feet, and rising to the level of high water, to the tops of which the centre shaft was to be braced by iron stayrods, one inch and three-quarters diameter, the heads of the former beiug connected by similar rods. All these posts intended to be sunk in the rock by drilling three to four feet. The operation of drilling the holes, and establishing this beacon on the rock, is now in progress, circumstances having prevented its commencement until the month of August last. The difficulties and delays incurred in this operation are numerous—such as the exposed position^ rendering the available working days few'in number; the uncommon hardness ofthe rock, retarding advancement; and the derangement of the temporary staging, caused by a trading vessel running foiil of it in the night, and creating much, delay in its re-adjustment. Still, it-is expected that this work will be completed this season. Beacon or spindle on Race Rock.—An examination was made of this position during the last summer, with the view of ascertaining its character and the proper plan to be adopted in the erection of a beacon thereon. This rock appears to be a boulder, located upon a rocky ledge, about 200 feet average diameter, within the depth of two and a half fathom,® a,t low water. The depth over the highest part ofthe rock is five feet at low tide, falling off rapidly on each side to. six and seven feet, the accessible solid part ofit being about 7 by 10 feet. It is located about three-quarters of a mile W S W . from Race Point, and between it and the shore is a navigable channel a quarter of a mile wide. It is understood to have had two spindles erected on it within the last fifty years, both of which have been carried away; but they were slender affairs, of only three inches diameter, inserted eighteen inches into the rock. There is not sufficient space on it for a structure of much lateral magnitude, and the examination indicates that a beacon similar in some respects to the one now erecting at Plum Gut would be suitable here, formed of a central shaft of forged iron, seven inches diameter, stepped fbur feet in the rock, with iron stays around it, secured into the rock with the patent lewis. The shaft to carry a globular or cylindrical iron cage, of conspicuous size, elevated twenty feet above high water. There can be no doubt that, with the simplest form of structure which may be adopted for this locality, a whole season will be required to secure it on the rock. Nothing having been effected in this respect during the present season, it remains to make arrangements for an early commencement upon the work at the opening of the next. Beacon-lights fior the Connecticut river.—I have made a minute examination of three j)ositions, in the lower part of this river, which have been designated as requiring light-beacons. One at Calves' island, on the east side of the river, two miles below the town of Essex ; another situate in the middle of the river, two miles above that REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 313 town, at the lower extremity of Brockway's Reach; and another, two miles higher up, on the west, side of the river, and just beloAv the town of Deep Creek, called the Devil's wharf. All these are dangers in the way of river navigation, located at turning-points in the channel, and caused by masses of rough stones cleposited in the river in close proximity to the channel, and said to have been placed there by those interested in the shad fisheries. The river at these points is affected by periodical freshets and floating ice. Bug-light beacons have been designed for these three points, the plan ofwhich will very shortly be submitted to the board, and one or more of them might probably be located before the closing of river navigation. They are estimated to cost $1,500 each, or $4,500 for' the three. Light-beacon on Long wharfi, New Haven.—K cast-iron beacon-post was established here by Major Fraser in 1854, and a French dioptric lantern, of the sea-steamer species, mounted on it. As this is, from its weight and size, not portable by hand, and, moreover, requires trimming during the night, in contradistinction to those known as bug-lights, it was found that a housing was indispensable in the use of this kind of light. At the instance of the light-house inspector, I prepared", and placed in his hands, a plan of housing for the same, which has been turned over by him to the collector of New Haven for further action in the matter. Beacon sites in Fisher's Island sound.—I have made an examination of ^^Black ledge," off New London harbor, ^'Sea Flower reef," and ^^ Groton. Long Point." A conspicuous beacon on Sea Flower reef is considered advantageous to the navigation through Fisher's Island sound, as it lies between two channels, or rather midway in the general channel. Iron beacons for this and Black ledge are proposed. The necessity for a beacon on Long Point, Groton, does not appear, and the appropriation of $2,000 ^4br a beacon'on the W h a l e , " is understood to have been a mistake; whilst neither the custom-house agents, nor the most experienced pilots and fishermen in and about New London, had any knowledge of an obstruction to navigation called the '^ Sugar reef," mentioned in the appropriation bill, HUDSON RIVER. For the bug-light beacons proposed for the Mull islands at Schodack, for which a special appropriation was made heretofore, and for one to replace the wooden tripod at Van Wie's dam, carried away by the ice, I would recommend iron structures similar to those which will be proposed for the Connecticut river, and for reasons equally applicable to both cases. These are estimated to cost $1,200 each. Sites have been surveyed and the locations fixed for the light-houses at Pondquog Point, (Great West bay. Long island,) Horton's Point, Long island, and Race Point, Fisher's island. 314 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Estimate fior repairs and preservation ofi sites. For the protection of light-house at Lynde Point, mouth of Connecticut river , New house for keeper at ditto Site at Sands' Point, Long Island sound Site at Executicm Rocks " Repairs of light-house piers in the Hudson river $6,800 1,800 4,935 5,250 5,448 00 00 00 00 00 24,233 00 The nature of the above repairs and protection works has already been reported to the Light-house Board. The geographical position of the new range-lights for the harbor of New York, it is presumed, has been determined by the Coast Survey during the present season. The survey, location, and adjustment of these have been carefully made by this office, and a map of the same is herewith. The undersigned, having had, during the past season, charge of the duties of the enginer agency in this city, which, from the large appropriations available for fortifications on the Atlantic and Pacific coast during the past year, have been important and responsible, and, moreover, the superintendence of the construction of all the military defences in and about the harbor of New York, under large appropriations, together with the improvement of the Hudson river, has not been able to devote as much time to the light-house service assigned to him in the third district as the number and importance of the objects provided for would seem to require. Whilst it does not appear that there are any officers under control of the engineer department, either supernumerary or unemployed in other legitimate duties, this service must necessarily be assigned to them, and regarded as an extra charge. I yet consider it, so far as this district is concerned, of sufficient extent and importance, if properly attended to, to command the undivided attention of a single superintendent of construction for many years to come. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE DUTTON, Captain Engineers. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. OFFICE OF UNITED STATES ENGINEER AGENCY, No. 5, BOWLING GREEN, NEW YORK, September 28, 1855. SIR : I submit, herewith, plans and estimates for the repairs of the light-house piers in the Hudson river, with accompanying explanatory sketches. Of these, there are five located above Poughkeepsie, and at Esopus Meadows, Rondout, Saugerties, Coxsackie island, and Stuyvesant REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 315 Meadow. All these are located upon the extreme point of marshes projecting into the river, or else upon an island^ or insulated shoal nearly upon a level with low water of the river. As originally constructed, they are wooden crib piers of squared timber, revetted vertically with 3-inch plank^ raised about four feet above highest water, or else the site is protected by wharfing at the water's edge of similar wood-work and filling. In addition to the ordinary decay which may be expected from materials of this kind, when used for such a purpose, these piers are further exposed to injury from floating ice during the breaking up of winter, the effects of which are very marked upon most of them. Pier at Esopus Meadows.—This pier, which is nine feet high above the bottom, is 41 by 50 feet, with an angular extension to the northward of 50 feet for an ice-breaker. The southern extremity of this pier has been much injured by ice coming from that direction and acted upon by southeast winds^ and the current of flood. Els,ewhere it appea,rs to be in good order. It is proposed to add to this pier a triangular extension on its south end to protect it from further damage by ice from that direction, constructed of squared timber and ties, resting upon piles solidly driven into the ground, with a facing of 3-inch chestnut plank, protected at the angles by stout iron bands and sheet-iron, and the .whole filled in with stone, as shown on the plan herewith. The estimate for this work (the details of which are omitted to save space) amounts to $696. Pier at Rondout.—This pier is 42 by 50 feet, rectangular, and 10 feet above the bottom, upon which it rests. The timbers in the crib-work of this pier, and also the outside plank covering, are very much decayed ; in addition to which much injury has been caused by the ice flowing from thesouthward, as inthecase ofthe pier at Esopus Meadows. The only mode of repair deemed suitable in this case, is to enclose the present pier with a substantial timber-work flrmly connected, and composed of piles driven solidly in the ground five feet apart, connected by caps and8 by 10-inch wailing-pieces, and revetted with 3-inch chestnut plank, and to add a "triangular ice-breaker to the southern extremity, similar 'to that proposed for pier at Esopus Meadows, with the same protection of iron-work at the angles ; all of which is shown on the plan herewith. The estimate for this is, for the repair of the old pier, $668; and for the ice-breaker extension, $698 ; total, $1,366, P i e r at Saugerties.—This pier is 40 by 50 feet, with an ice-' breaker extension to the northward, of 50 feet, and has a detached wharf or landing pier on the channel side 50 by 12 feet. This light-house pier is similar in construction to the two before mentioned. It is elevated three and a half feet above highest water, and nine feet above the bottom. The timbers composing it are commencing to decay, and it appears to have been injured and shaken by the floating ice. It is proposed to repair and strengthen this pier all around, in the manner proposed for the repair of the Rondout pier, as per plan. The small detached wharf mentioned requires to be raised two feet, with new top timbers and stone fllling. The repairs of this 316 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. pier are estimated to cost $1,011; and of the small wharf, $125; making a total for the repairs at this point $1,136. , Coxsackie light-house.—This house is located at the northern extremity of an island near Coxsackie, and j)rotected on the north by a projecting timber crib-work and filling. At the junction of this protection with the island, near the house, the banks are being abraded by the current of the river during the freshes, and the lighthouse grounds thus encroached upon by the water. To prevent further abrasion of the site, it is proposed to place an enrockment of stone along the shores of the site, connected with the southern extremity of the crib-pier, and extending on the eaistern side two hundred feet therefrom, and on the western side about one hundred and fifty feet, across a small cove or hollow worked into the island by the current^ at its junction on the west side with the pier. One-half of the pier requires new planking, and four additional fender-beams are needed at the apex. The estimate for this work is, fbr stone, 900 tons, a t $ l 25, $1,125; and for timber work, $225; total $1,350. Stuyvesant ligM-house.—This house is located on the extreme edge of a marsh or meadow, projecting into the river on its east side^ and overfiowed during freshes. It has a protection of wooden crib-work, filled in with small stones, placed along shore, and on the north and south sides ofthe site. Around the house it israised to the level of six feet above high-water, the balance being on a level with the latter, or a little above i t ; the lower floor of the house and the ground immediately around it being six feet above the same level. That portion of the crib-work on the north side projecting from the main pier to\vards the shore is decayed^ and altogether useless. It is assumed that a substantial enrockment on the north side, as proposed on the plan herewith,, will afford sufficient protection to this house during the season of ice and freshes. This, by estimate, will require 720 tons of stone, at $1 25, RECAPITULATION. For For For For For light-house pier light-house pier light-house pier light-house pier light-house pier Total at at at at at Esopus Meadows Rondout Saugerties Coxsackie island Stuyvesant $696 1,366 1,136 1,350 900 00 00 00 00 00 5,448 00 If the amount just stated could not be afforded at the present time from the appropriation for repairs, I would recommend that the enrockment proposed for Stuyvesant^ and about half that for Coxsackie island, be provided for at once, if practicable, as those points appear to be in need of immediate protection, and stone for this can be readily procured from the quarries at New Baltimore, four to five miles distanto REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 317 The other positions might, I think, be safe through the coming winter. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEORGE DUTTON, Corps ofi Engineers. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 6. Extracts firom the report ofi Major W. D. Fraser, ofi the Corps ofi Engineers, dated November 15, 1853. Bergen Point light.—The following information is derived principally from notes taken by Major Delafield, on his first survey, and fully authenticated afterwards by my own observation. The structure consists in a two-story frame building, from the centre of which arises a wooden tower, surmounted by an octagonal lantern. It rests upon a quadrangular wharf of crib-work, filled partially with stone, and sheathed in the outside with four-inch plank placed vertically. The wharf rises about six feet above high-water mark, and is in a very precarious condition, being constructed of very light stuff, and negligently framed. The house is settled at the centre, causing great injury to the ceilings both in the hall and upper rooms ; and is so badly built that even admitting the foundations to be good, i t i s doubtful whether it would be proper to attempt any repairs. Little study seems to have been given to either the form or location of the wharf, to guard against the ice to which it is every winter necessarily exposed ; and '^the southwest angle has already sustained considerabie injury therefrom. The dwelling-house is sufficiently commodious, but its condition, as well as that of the wharf, is too bad to justify me in asking anything for their repairs. The whole work ought to be renewed, and something better substituted in its place. How far any of it could be made subservient to this end, it is impossible for me to say, and hence the difficulty of making a reliable estimate. I have no doubt, however, that it will require an expenditure of at least $20,000 to carry out a plan frora which a lasting benefit can be expected. Estimate for improvements ,......, $20,000 00 Passaic light.—This seems to have been'copied in almost every particular from the Bergen Point light, with this difference now between them, that the settlement of the house is much more considerable. Indeed, the injury done to it is so great, that I do not hesitate to join with Lieutenant Case in recommending that the keeper be permitted to vacate the premises and establish himself at Newark, 318 REPORT ON THS FINANCES. or some place convenient to the light, during the approaching winter. The house is not habitable. Under these circumstances I am compelled to recommend as thorough a change here as at Bergen Point; and having the same difficulty to contend with in making an estimate, I now submit a conjectural one, and say— Estimate for improvements $20,000 00 Tarrytown Point.—There is a very general wish on the part of those navigating' the Hudson river to have a light established at Tarrytown P o i n t ; and as I fully acquiesce in these views, I do not hesitate to recommend them to the consideration ofthe board. APPENDIX No. 7. PHILADELPHIA, October 31, 1855. SIR : In compliance with the request contained in your letter of June 5, I have the honor to report the following answers to the resolutions of the Light-house Board of 29th May. 1. Since July 1,1854, lenses have been introduced into this district, as follows: At Barnegat, a fourth-order of 360°, to replace ten argand lamps and reflectors. At Tucker's beach, a fourth-order, 315°, fixed, varied by alternate red and white flashes, to replace fifteen lamps and reflectors, which showed a flxed red light. At Cape Henlopen beacon, a fourth-order of 270°, in place of ten lamps and reflectors. At Delaware breakwater, a fourth-order of 360°, fixed, varied by flashes, in place of six lamps and reflectors. At Mispillion, a fifth-order of 180°, in place of six lamps. At Mahon's, a fifth-order of 180°, in place of ten lamps. At Cohanzey, a fifth-order of 180°, in place of seven lamps. At Bombay Hook, a fourth-order of 270°, in place of nine lamps. At Reedy island, a fourth-order of 360°, in place of tw^elve lamps. At Christiana, a fourth-order of 360°, in place of twelve lamps and reflectors. That is, ten lenses have been substituted for ninety-seven lamps and reflectors. The old pattern of bowl-lamps at the Five-fathom Bank light-ship have been replaced by argand lamps^and 12-inch reflectors—eight lamps upon each mast. The Barnegat tower has been sufficiently repaired to secure the work until another tower can be built. The Tucker's beach tower has been thoroughly repaired, and the outer course of brick renewed with brick of proper quality. At Bombay Hook and Christiana, new iron lanterns for fourth-order REPORT ON THB FINANCES. 319 apparatus, and at Cohanzey and Mahon's river new iron lanterns for fifth-order, have been substituted, for the old and defective style hitherto in use. These were furnished with very wide vertical astragals and inferior glasses, 9 inches by 12. The new ones have diagonal astragals, and superior French plate glass of very large dimensions. In placing these lanterns the towers have been necessarily remodelled, and in great part renewed. Fog-bells have been placed at Delaware breakwater and at Reedy Island light-houses. 1. The buoyage of Delav/are bay and river has been completed, and iron buoys generally substituted for the solid spherical buoys, except at some few points during the season of running ice. The.first-class iron nun-buoys, specially appropriated for by Congress for the Fivefathom bank, McCrie's shoal, and the Overfalls, have been placed. Bell-buoy boats have been placed off Absecum inlet and Fenwick's Island shoal, as required by special appropriation. The buoys on the Jersey coast and at Chincoteague are generally well attended to by the contractors, though there is room for improvement in this respect. 3. The general condition of the different branchesof the lighthouse service in this district may be said, I think, to be very good. 4. I presume the extensive repairs, &c., mentioned in the fourth resolution of the board, will be noticed more properly by the engineer officer. 5. The board has already considered the necessity of a light-house at Reedy Point, (Delaware bay,) and of a small light upon the ice piers at Reedy island, when that work shall be completed. The only other new aids which I remember at this time are, (1) a new light-house at Barnegat, and (2) a light-house at or^near Fenwick's island. The present tower at Barnegat is defective, besides being totally inadequate in elevation to the very important.position which it occupies. I presume there is not a light-house onthe coast of theUnited States, except the harbor-lights of New York, which is sighted by so great a number of vessels as the one at Barnegat. But I believe the board is aware of the necessity of a first or second class light and new tower at this place. A light-house in the vicinity of Fenwick's island will serve to guide vessels from the southern ports, bound into the Delaware, and also the great coasting trade with the same or a more northern destination. Fenwick's Island shoal is a very dangerous one for those, and also in some degree for the European trade of Philadelphia. It is very common for ships coming from the eastward to fall in with the coast considerably to the southward of Cape Henlopen, and in thick weather a l i g h t e n Fenwick's island would serve to ascertain their position when the Henlopen light was invisible. This latter is said to have been frequently mistaken for the double light of the Five-fathom Bank light-ship. I have myself more than once observed this double appearance, but find nothing in it peculiar to that locality, having noticed the same thing in other fixed lights, of which I may mention a very striking instance in the lens light at Reedy island. So that the same objection would apply to all fixed lights i n t h e vicinity of Q 20 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. double ones, and would rather militate against theuse of double lights at all. The danger of confusion has evidently been exaggerated. But with a revolving or flashing light at Fenwick's island, and the flrstclass light at Henlopen, no possible danger could remain for the prudent navigator. The distance between Assateague and Henlopen is sixty miles, and seems rather a large interval upon so frequented a part of our coast. The approaches in every direction to so important a commercial focus as Delaware bay should, by all the rules of lighthouse illumination, be marked by such aids at distances less remote than sixty miles. Moreover, the shoals off Assateague are so distant from the land, that vessels coming from the soutii would prefer to avoid making that light, and would make their calculations to fall in with the land near Fenwick's island, w^ere that point lighted. A second-class flashing-light would be sufficient, I presume, for all purposes of navigation here. 6. When the first-class light is lit at Absecum, the Tucker's Beach light will be unnecessary aud inconvenient for purposes of general navigation. Indeed it will be of small local importance, as vessels cannbt safely enter Little Egg harbor at night. Itwill be quite sufficient to reduce it to a small harbor-light, perhaps distinguished by a red or green color. Barnegat also would seem to require a change of character to distinguish it from its nearest seacoast light at Absecum. ' Cohanzey light-house also, in Delaw-are bay, will only serve a local purpose when the Ship John Shoal light-house is completed, and should be reduced to the most economical scale. It will also need to be distinguished by color, as Ship John Shoal light is to be fixed, and only about two miles distant. 8. The advantages derived from the use of lenses in place of reflectors have been, to the navigator, of much greater brilliancy, and a uniformity in the light distributed over every portion of the illuminated arc, whilst to the government the saving of expenses for suj)plies and renovation is very large. 9. The advantages of introducing reflecf or-lights into light-ships.are very obvious in Delaware bay, and will be the same off the capes of the bay, where the change was much needed. Complaints have heretofore been made, that under some circumstances this light could not be seen until ships were in dangerous proximity to the shoal. The lightvessel has therefore been placed nearer to the shoal, and public notice given. 10. The number of lenses introduced in this district since October, 1852, is (10) ten ; the number of lamps and reflectors removed, is (97) ninety-seven. A first-order lens is to be placed in a few weeks at Cape Henlopen, which will make the number of lenses eleven, and of lamps removed (114) one hundred and fourteen. Of these, seventy were in such a worn-out condition that new lamps and reflectors were required, supposing no change in the system of lightins". 11. I have carefully compared the consumption of oil reported at eight of the ten light-houses where lenses have been placed, with the consumption at the same points, during precisely the same periods REPORT ON THE FINANCES* 321 last year, and find that the saving of oil varies from 47 per cent, to 73 percent, a t t h e different lights. The aggregate expenditure fbr the period^ taken at these eight lights, is 240.3 gallons, against 718 gallons last year, exhibiting a saving of 66 per cent. The total annual expenditure of the ten light-houses last year was 3,269.5 gallons, of which we may fairly infer that 66 per cent., or 2,157.8 gallons, will be saved by the change. It is tobe remarked, too, t h a t i t every case the power of the light has been increased, and in nearly every one the arc illuminated has been enlarged; so that the above ratio is not to be considered as the one which would resull^ from an exact comparison of the two systems. The diminution i n t h e expenditure of supplies of tube-glasses, wicking, &c., is evidently in a larger ratio than that of oil. It cannot be accurately ascertained as yet, but we may presume it will bear some near relation to the reduction in the number of lamps used—ten instead of ninety-seven, 12. Not having been familiar with the condition of the light-house towers, &c., before the new organization, I am not able to answer this interrogatory satisfactorily. The towers, which stand alone, are generally in good order, except the one at Barnegat, which is ill built and in bad condition, and the one at Reedy island, where the engineer officer is making some repairs. The towers upon dwellings at Mahon, Bombay. Hook, Christiana, and Cohanzey light-houses have been remodelled, and nearly built new to receive the new lanterns. The dwellings are in good order. The light-vessels have been very much improved. 13. The buoyage of this district has been much improved under the present organization. New kinds of buoys have been introduced, new positions marked, and I believe that in their present, state they give general satisfaction. I t is found impossible to keep the distinguishing marks always upon the buoys in Delaware bay, in consequence of the carelessness of the thousands of small craft which navigate among, them. 14. The most important matter which it seems to me still remains to be investigated by the board, for the further improvement of the lighthouse establishment, is the personnel. It will be worse than useless to introduce the improvements of art and science if they are always or generally committed to the care of those who cannot appreciate their importance, and too frequently lack zeal or intelligence to become familiar with the proper care of them. I would suggest whether some plan might not be devised by which newly appointed keepers may be in some measure prepared for their duties. Might not a few of the principal lights be put in charge of superior persons, with higher salaries, and all new keepers be requiredto spend at least a few wrecks nt these places, under tuition, before assuming their respective stations? Sluch inconvenience results to the service from the appointment of men who are entirely ignorant of the occupation to which they are abruptly introduced. The importance of securing the services, of responsible and intelligent men is very evident, and in this district may be illustrated by considering the large commerce of Dela. 21 322 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ware bay. The number of vessels which are reported as having passed the Brandywiue light-house in the year 1854, is 16,060. The number of vessels whieh are reported as having anchored at the breakwater in the year ending 31st March, ISS4, was 8,772. These jeturns, too, are obviously an imperfect mode of arriving at full statistics. The salaries of light-house keepers, I conceive, are generally too sraall. They were fixed at their present rates when prices of living were much below what Ihey are now. One of the wants which is most felt in this district-, and I presume in others also, is the adoption of a lamp for lights of less than the third order, which will be serviceable in our rigorous winter climate. None of those now in use—making some allowance, too, for want of expertness on the part of keepers—are quite satisfactory. The French moderators sent me are ineffective, troublesome, and unreliable. The syphon arrangement of Mr. Coates seems an unnecessary complication. I am inclined to think that Lieutenant Meade's improvements in this department are the most satisfactory ; but that two reservoirs will be found necessary to adapt any- lamp to our summer and winter climates-—one outside the lens, the other over it. The subject is important enough to require more special investigation by the board. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J . S. BIDDLE, Light-house Inspector. Commander T. A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board. P . S.—I should have mentioned in the first part of this letter, t h a t the dock of Fort Pier light-house, which was much decayed and damaged by ice, has been thoroughly repaired. APPENDIX No. a OFFICE TWELFTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, San Francisco, Cat., October'^, 1855. SIRS: The following is the report of operations of light-house service under my direction, for the year ending the 30th of June last, respectfully subniitted under the order of the board of the 29th of May previous. Light-house at Pungoteague, Fa.—This structurCwas completed in the early part of the fiscal year, and the light exhibited on the 1st of November. The letter of the board, of October 20, assigned to me the superintendence, so far as my dtities under the War Department would permit, of the construction of the following light-houses, to wit: At Cross ledge, on or near Ship John shoal, both in Delaware bay, and in the vicinity of Absecum, inlet, on the coast of New Jersey. Also the superintendence of the refitting of Cape Henlopen light-house with a first-order illuminating apparatus; of the banking in of Reedy REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 323 island and preserving the site of the light-house, and of the preparing fog-signals fbr Reedy Island light-house, for the Delaware Breakwater light-house, and afterwards extended to preparing one for Little Gull Island light-house. Light-house at Cross ledge, ancl light-house on or near SJdp John shocd, both in Delaware bay.—These are screw-pile structures, octagonal in plan, with ice-breakers also of screw-piles, in all respects alike, except that the first is designed for six feet and the last for eight feet, at low water, of spring tides. The iron for the piles and the spiderweb and diagonal braces (all rolled iron) was obtained at an early day and placed in the machine-shop; the piles to be fitted to the collars and screws and to the capstan drum-head for driviug the latter, the braces to be provided with turnbuckles and bolt-nuts. Orders were also in course of execution for casting the screws and collars, the angle-irons and shoes, and the plates fbr the platform, the walls, the floors, the roof, &c., &c., of the houses and towers, at the same time that the forge ^vas producing the girders, turnbuckles, bolts, and all else of wrought iron required in the construction; in short, all was in course of preparation to commence operations at one or both of the sites on the opening of the coming season. Light-house in the vicinity ofi Absecum inlet, N. J.—A site for this light was selected near the inlet, and a deed of the land obtained and forwarded to the board, for examination of the title by the Attorney General of the United States. A design iri detail was also submitted and approved and measures taken to commence the work, but nothing was done in the absence of the approval of the Attorney General of the title of the site. Refitting Cajoe Henlopen lightJiouse with a first-order illuminating apparatus.—Other and more pressing duties prevented me from taking any steps in reference to this change, beyond those of furnishing designs for the remodelling the top of the tower to receive the lantern and lighting-apparatus of the order required. Banking in Reedy island and preserving the site ofi the light-house.— Examinations were made with a view to these measures ; but as there was a doubt as to the quantity of land on the island ceded to the United States by the State of Delaware, no steps were taken to carry out the objects of the law. Fog-signals at the Delaware Breakwater light-house, at the Reedy Island light-house, and at the Little Gull Island light-house.—Of these fog-signals, the one for Reedy island was finished and put up in position. The two others were in coiurse of construction. General orders No. 50, of April 3^ 1855, having assigned me to the general superintendence of light-houses on the Pacific coast, the board, under date of the 12th of the same month, relieved me from the charge of all works on the Atlantic, and they were soon after, with the public property and funds appertaining to them, turned over to Lieutenant George G. Meade, topographical engineers. Having rendered my disbursing account for light-house service on the eastem coast, and made other necessary preparations, I sailed from New York 324 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. on the 5th of June, and reached San Francisco on the SOth of the same month. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HARTMAN BACHE, Major Topographiccd Engineers^ Brevet Major,. Lieut. THORNTON A. JENKINS, U. S . N . , Capt. EDMD. L . F . HARDCASTLE, U. S . A., Secretaries Liglit-house Board, Washington, D. (7. APPENDIX No. 9. ENGINEER OFFICE^ FOURTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, Philadelphia, September 20, 1855., SIR: Your letter of the .27th of June last, transmitting a copy of. instructions, previously forwarded to my predecessor in this district, required ^^ t h a t I should visit the light-house at Barnegat, New Jersey, and report upon the practicability of rendering this light more commensurate with the wants of commerce, either by elevating the existing tower, or in such other manner as my judgment should dictate, submitting plans and estimates." I have to state, that as soon as other engagements would permit, I visited the Barnegat lighthouse, in company with the district inspector, and have now the honor to lay before the board the following report, based on this examination: The tower at Barnegat is placed on the southern side of the inlet, about 100 yards from the inside beach. The tower is itself only 40 feet high, but being placed on a sand-hill, the focal plane has an elevation of 54 feet. It has recently been furnished wdth a Fresnel apparatus, of the fourth order, which is sufficiently powerful for this limited range. The tower was found to be in very bad condition; originally built of inferior materials, the mortar had decayed and fallen out, so that in many places the bricks w^ere without mortar, and settling; in consequence, there was about 10 feet below the lantern, a bulging out of the wall on the outside, and in some places the bricks had fallen out. In the inside the wall presented a better appearance, though there was evidence of a crack just below the lantern. Attempts had been made to remedy the defect of bad building, by plastering the tower with cement, but the upper portion, where the decay was most perceptible, had all fallen off. This condition of the tower, .as well as its small dimensions at top, precluded the idea of any effort to improve the light by its elevation. It was therefore deemed advisable, on consultation with the district inspector, to.confine operations ^on the present tower to simply making such repairs as would ^enable it. to stand till an appropriation could be obtained to replace it •hj a better and more suitable one. These repairs, it was decided, should consist in removing the skin of the wall on the outside, where there was evidence of decay, and resetting the brick with good mortar. Certain repairs also to the keeper's dwelling, otherwise in good condition, were likewise deter REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 325 mined upon. The whole of which can be effected at a cost of a few hundred dollars. A new tower being absolutely necessary, in presenting plans for the same, it is proper I should present the considerations which have governed me in the design, in order to justify the amount asked for its construction. . . The light at Barnegat is emphatically a seacoast light, and should be of the first class. It has, in reality, no local condition to fulfil, beyond designating the position of the inlet to those wishing to enter. The channel into this inlet is so winding and so shifting in its position, that a light at this point is of no use as a guide, even^to those familiar with the channel, much less to strangers. The inlet, therefore, is rarely entered at n i g h t ; and when it is, those who come in could do so as well without as with a light. For local wants, therefore, the light needs no improvement; but this, as stated before, is not the principal object of a light at this point. Its real purpose is to make known their positions to the mariners from over the sea, who may first make the land in its vicinity. A glance at the map will show its great importance in this respect. Situated at a distance of some forty-five miles from Sandy Hook, it forms, in connexion with Fire Island light, on the other side, the true mouth to the great commercial harbor of New York. Vessels bound to this port from Europe and from the south, often make the land in the neighborhood of this point, or between it and the highlands of Navesink; and were they warned in time, as they would be with a suitable light, they would often avoid the dangers of this part of the coast, which, in the absence of such a guide, prove formidable agents in the destruction of life and property. The evidence of this is borne in the winter's record of wrecks, and still more strongly in the remains of lost vessels which are strewn all along the beach. The present keeper of the light has this year kept a list of the large vessels in sight of his station during the day, and for the first three quarters they amount to 1,200 square-rigged vessels and steamers. It is fair to presume that the same number are in the neighborhood during the night; and if to this be added the immense coasting trade of fore-and-aft vessels, some idea may be formed of the number of lives and amount of property whose safety is dependent on being furnished with the most efficient aid to navigation. Setting aside t h e consideration of humanity, self-interest would dictate the expediency of erecting the most efficient light, as the destruction of one of many of those large vessels, with their valuable cargoes, would involve a loss of revenue alone sufficient to build a proper structure, furnished with the best apparatus. It is for the above considerations that I submit a plan and estimate for a first-class light; the tower to be 150 feet high, and to be placed at a point selected by my predecessor, some 75 feet back of the present tower, where an elevation of thebase of 30 feet will be obtained, thus ,raising the focal plane 180 feet above the sea-level, and making the light visible from the deck of a. vessel over twenty-four statute miles, rendering it impossible to approach within a dangerous proximity to the coast without timely warning, even in bad weather. The accompanying drawing. No. 1, shows-. 326 REPORT ON THE FINANCESo a section of the proposed structure, which is similar in its design and' proportions to the tower now being built at Absecum beach. The foundation is of granite, sunk ten feet below the surface, and the superstructure of brick, laid in cement, with twenty-seven feet diameter at base and fifteen feet at top, or with a slope, inside and out, of half an inch to the foot. In the interior is a cylinder of brick, nine inches thick, and ten feet six inches diameter in the clear, forming the well of an iron stairway. This cylinder is connected with the main wall by four wing-walls. The calculated co-efficient of stability is over nine—that is to say, it is nine times stronger than is required to resist the maximum force of the wind, the only antagonistic agent it has to encounter, as it is placed beyond the reach of the sea. The estimate No. 1 has been carefully made, and is based upon the actual expenditures on the Absecum tower, and on the market prices of labor and materials as they have been found this season. The amount required to complete the structure, and furnish it with a first-order illuminating apparatus, including ten per cent, for contingencies, is $45,135 75 ; a sum deemed reasonable, when the important object to be accomplished is held in view. As, however, in the judgment of the board, this amount may be deemed excessive, and in view of considerations; not open to me, it may be thought advisable or expedient to ask for a less sum, I have considered it proper to submit a plan and estimate for a second-class light, which would only require a tower of eighty feet above the fbundation, and involving an expenditure of little over $30,000. The plan and estimate fbr this tower are herewith forwarded, marked, respectively, No. 2. The proportions and the design are similar to the one above described. The estimate is a little more than one-half the other, in consequence of many items of expenditure being common to both, and to the illuminating apparatus of the second order costing more than half that of the first order. In both plans it is contemplated to erect a. fixed apparatus, as the recent repairs to the light at Tucker's beach, and the placing therein a fourth-order/as/mi^ light, renders necessary a fixed light at Barnegat, to preserve a distinction. It remains fbr the board, with the data now placed before them, to decide between the two plans submi^tted. I have deemed it proper, through you, to lay both before them, and to state the reasons which, in myjudgment, render it imperative to erect the structure which will give the maximum range and the most efficient light to this highly important position. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. Capt, E. L. P . HARDCASTLE, Engineer Secretary Light-house Board, Treasury Department. 327 EEPORT ON THE FINANCES. PHILADELPHIA, October 8, 1855. S I R : I enclose herewith a statement just received from the keeper «sf the Barnegat light-house, showing the number of vessels in sight from his station up to September 30, 1855, which I desire appended to the report recently submitted upon this structure. Establishing the sanie ratio to the close of the year as has been above observed, and interpolating the brigs from January to April, it would give 1,445 vessels as passing this station during t h e day in one year; and double that number, or nearly 3,000 vessels, presuming the same number are in sight at night as during the day. You will perceive this is even a greater. number than I had previously reported, and adds greatly to the importance of the station. In connexion with this, I may state that the party have returned from making the repairs of the existing tower, and from their report I deem it extremely hazardous to depend on this structure standing any longer than is absolutely necessary to secure the erection of a 0iew one. Very respectfuily, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. THORNTON A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D . C, BARNEGAT LIGHT-HOUSE, September 30, 1855. S I R : I herewith forward the following list of vessels seen from this light-house from January 1, 1855, to September 30, 1855, during dayligM: Ships. Steamsliips. Brigs. Wm t§je montli of January February . . . March April May June JulyAugust September..- 30 21 50 41 40 39 26 47 19 34 26 33 25 23 31 24 29 22 69 67 44 54 58 Totai 313 247 292 NOTE.—No record offorigs till May These vessels were all of the largest class, and the most of them receive their pilots in sight of this light. The largest number seen in one day was, ships 1 1 ; steamers 4 ; brigs 7. Your obedient servant, • JAMES FULLER, Keeper. 328 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. FEBRUARY 5, 1855. SIR : Large fields of ice drifting down with the wind to the northward, shaking the house terribly and continuing until the 15th, with the wind from the E. and N. N. E. Large body of ice came from the eastward with such force that caused the house-posts on that side to spring, so that one would suppose that it would part or.remain b e n t ; but they held on remarkably, though at the same time bending the bars attached to the ice-breaker used for fenders, likewise the stepladder. They remain bent, and were of great service in breaking the force of the ice before it could reach the main posts of the house. I t certainly is astonishing how the house does to bear the .great pressure occasioned by. the ice; but the supposition is, with us, if we can be called judges, that if eyery winter is like this and winter of 1852, it would jar the frame-work off inside, if not entirely sweep away the house. With moderate winters the house will stand for ages. Nothing can do it the lea.st harm except the ice. S. WILLOUGHBY, Principal Light-keeper. Lieut. J . S. BIDDLE, Light-honse Inspector, District ofi Delaware. Estimate No. l,fonr a first-class light at Barnegat, New Jersey. MATERIALS. Fcnmdation stone. 150 300 200 150 tons large stone, at $2... ., tons selected building stone, at $1 tons small building stone, at 50 cents... barrels cement, at $1 50... |300 300 100 .225 00 00 00 00 $925 00 Brick-work. 600,000 bricks, at $ 8 . . . . . . . . . 900 barrels cement, at $1 50.. 4,800 00 1,350 00 6,150. 00 Cast iron. 1 column for stairway.... 225 steps and risers.. 8 window-frames and sashes 2 doors and frames Gallery brackets and fioor-plates Watch-room railing Lantern.and roof...............: Workshop labor on above............... 400 1,000 400 150 , 400 150 1,500 2,500 00. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 6,500 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 329 Wrought iron. 225 stairway standards, 1,000 pounds; 250 feet hand-rail, 600 pounds ; braces, bolts, &c., 1,000 pounds; hatch in watch-room, 150 pounds; nuts^ &c., 500 pounds ; in all, 3,250 pounds, at 7 cents.' Workshop labor on ditto.......... $227 50 250 00 $477' 50^ Lumber. 12,000 feet 9-inch hemlock, at $12 4,000 feet 3-inch hemlock, at $12 5,000 feet hemlock sheds and quarters. 4,000 feet 3d com. sheds and quurters.. 10,000 feet 2d com. sheds and quarters'.. 2,000 feet sap pine scaffolding 3,000 feet white pine centres'. Miscellaneous odds and ends 144 00 48 00 60 00 12 00 250 00 36 00 : Y5 00 50 00 735 00 Machinery and tools. Derrick,, hoisting apparatus, &c Tools, shovels, barrows, &c.. 1,000 00 250 00 1,250 00 Miscellaneous. Plate-glass for lantern Painting and glazing Oil-tanks, hydraulic lamps, &c Lightning-rod Window-shutters, ceiling; w^atch-room, &c. 1,000 150 250 50 100 00 00 00 00 00 1,550 00 Illuminating apparatus. First-order Fresnel fixed, 270°, delivered at site 8,000 00 Freight and transportation. Stone for foundation, 800 tons; bricks, 1,200 tons; cement, 150 tons; iron work^ 75 tons; lumber, 40 tons; miscellaneous, 50 tons; in all 2,325 tons, at $3 6,975 00 Hauling and shipping at Philadelphia....... ^ 500 00 Hire of team at work hauling from beach... 250 00 Travelling expenses of mechanics and officers, , 150 00 ^ . ——^— 7,875 00 330 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Labor erecting structure at site. 1 4 1 1 1 1 6 6 superintendent, 240 days, at $4 stone-masons, 120 days, at $2 carpenter, 180 days, at $2 smith, 60 days, at $2 ,, keeper, 60 days, at $1 50 rigger, 180 days, at $2 bricklayers, 1,080 days, at $2 laborers, 1,500 days, at $1 $960 240 360 120 90 , 360 2,160 1,500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $5,790 00 ' Subsistence ofi loorking party. 3,560 days' rations, including mess and cooking equipage, at 50 cents 1,780 00 [ Amount of estimate.. Contingencies 10 per cent , 41,032 50 4,103 25 Amount total 45,135 75 Kespectfully submitted: GEO. G. MEADE, ^ Lieut. Topographical Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, September 20, 1855. Estimate No. 2, for a second-class light at Barnegat, New Jersey. MATERIALS. Foundation, 125 200 150 100 tons large foundation stone, at $2 tons selected building stone, at $1 tons small building stone, at 50 cents... ^ barrels cement, at $1 50.. $250 00 200 00 75' 00 150 00 $675 00 Brick-work. 250,00'J brick, at $8.... 300 barrels cement, at $1 50 \, 2,000 00 450 00 ^^ Cast iron. 1 column for stairway, 75 feet long 112 steps and risers 200 00 500 00 2,450 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 6 window frames and sashes 2 doors and frames... Gallery brackets and fioor-plates....; Watch-room, railing, and posts Lantern'and roof. Workshop labor .on above 331 $300 150 400 150 1,200 2,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 14^900 00 Wrought iron. 112 stairway standards, 500 pounds, at 7 cents 125 feet hand-rail, 30O pounds, at 7 cents... Braces, bolts, rivets, &c., 500 pounds, at 7 cents Hatch in watch-room, 100 pounds, at 7 cents. Workshop labor on ditto 35 00 21 00 35 00 7 00 100 00 ' 198 00 Lumber, Foundation platform Scaffolding Centres, &c Sheds, quarters, &c ; 150 50 50 250 .- 00 00 00 00 500 00 Machinery, tools, &c. Derrick, hoisting apparatus, &c Tools, shovels, barrows, &c 1,000 00 250 00 1,250 00 Miscellaneous. Plate-glass for lantern Oil-tanks, hydraulic lamps, ,&c Lightning rod Painting and glazing Spikes, nails, &c 900 250 50 150 50 00 00 00 00 00 1,400 00 Illuminating apparatus. Second-order Fresnel, fixed, delivered at site 6,000 00 Freight and transportation. Foundation stone, 475 tons, at $3 Bricks, 500 tons, at $3 Cement, 60 tons, at $3.....'.....'. , 1,425 00 ^ 1,500 00 180 00 332 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Iron-work, 50 tons, at $3 Lumber and miscellaneous, 80 tons, at $i Cartage and shipping at Philadelphia.... Hire of team at site, hauling. : Travelling expenses of mechanics, &c.... Office expenses and allowances" to officers. $150 240 300 250 100 150 00 00 00 00 00 00 $5,195 00 Labor'erecting structure. 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 superintendent, 150 days, at $4 stone-masons, 120 days, at $2".... bricklayers, 720 days, at $2 carpenter, 150 days, at $2 smith, 90 days, at $2 helper, 90 days, at $1 50 rigger, 150 days, at $2 foreman of laborers, 150 days, at $2 laborers, 925 days, at $1 600 00 240 00 1,440 00 300 00 180 00 135 00 300 00 300 00 925 00 4,420 00 Subsistence of working party. 2,280 days' rations in all, at 50 cents 1,140 00 Amount of estimate Contingencies, l O p e r c e n t 28,128 00 2,812 80 Amount total 30,940 80 Eespectfully submitted: GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, September 20, 1855. APPENDIX No. 10. PHTLADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. SIR : My attention having been called to the enclosed letter (marked 1) from the keeper of the Brandywine light-house, I availed myself of the first opportunity to visit and inspect the work, and have, in "consequence, to submit for the consideration of the board the fbllowing report of its condition, with suggestions accompanied by a plan and estimate for its improvement. The general condition ofthe light-house was found to be good. The damages sustained by the ice of last winter, as reported by the keeper in the enclosed letter, consisted in carrying away the bars of the ladder on the ice-breaker, and bending the inch-bars that formed REPORT ON THB FINANCES. 333 the sides. A much more serious result was, however, pointed out to me by the keeper, not discovered by him until after his report, which was a fracture in the centre foundation column of the house, situated about midway between the first tier of braces and the floor of the house. This fracture was vertical, and about eighteen inches in length, and had opened sufficiently far to separate the paint and cause it to be plainly perceived. The keeper describes the ice which proved to be the most formidable, as not the ice from the upper bay, but that which was forined during a severe spell of weather below hiin, and brought up in large masses by the flood-tide. This ice impinged on the southeast side of the ice-breaker, where the ladder is placed, and pressing against the ice-breaker, forced that work against the foundation of the house, and produced the flexure of the piles described by him. It is difficult, however, to account for the fracture of the centre column, since perceived. This column, is :a cast-iron cylinder of inch thickness and. 51inch bore, and being in the centre of the structure, could not have received any direct pressure from the ice-breaker. I @an only account for the result, ^4f due to the ice," by supposing that the ice-breaker pressing against the south and southeast foundation piles, produced a strain of tension which acted on the centre pile. But even this theory, in my judgment, does not account fully for the result, for it seems to me-^-first, that a force of sufficient magnitude to fracture an inchcylinder of 5^ inches bore, would, ^'before it produced such a result," have done more injury to various parts of the work much weaker in themselves through which it was transmitted, as, fbr instance, instead of only bending an inch-bar, it would have carried it away. Secondly, the direction of the fracture being vertical, is inconsistent with its being produced by tortion, as a twisting would have caused more of a horizontal or inclined fracture. Hence, I am rather led to believe that the column was originally, from the presence of a flaw, weak at this place ; and as it had undoubtedly to bear its proportion of the strain the whole structure must have been subjected to, this original weakness was in consequence developed. Whatever may be the particular mode of transmitting the pressure of the ice, it is very evident that the structure is subjected to too much strain, and that such measures should be adopted, without delay, as will remedy the evil now made apparent. By an inspection of the model deposited with the board, it will be seen that, owing to the centre of the ice-breaker being coincident with that of the house foundation, and the. size of the squares of the ice-breaker, there are numerous points where the braces of each work are in close proximity. The consequence is, that owing to the elasticity of wrought iron, and the absence of any bracing except in a horizontal plane in the ice-breaker, this work is moved bodily, in obedience to the pressure from the ice, and coming in contact with the house piles and braces, transmits this pressure to them, and actually, instead of ^^rotecting them, serves to add to their danger, by offering an increased surface for the ice to act against. This difficulty was clearly seen soon after the erection of the work, and my predecessor had, in consequence, endeavored to remedy it by bending such ofthe braces as were in the closest proximity, and by other 334 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. measures tending to diminish the probability of contact between the two works. It appears, however, from the experience of last winter, that these measures are not sufficient, and that a coraplete separation must be effected if possible. This can only be done by removing all the braces of the ice-breaker liable to contact, and by a different arrangement of the tension-braces of the house piles, carrying them from centre to centre of pile, instead of passing around the pile as they do now. To enable, the ice-breaker, thus weakened by being deprived of its bracing in the interior, to perform its office of protection to the house, I propose to strengthen it by adding an additional row of piles, and at the angles of the hexagon I would place spur shore-piles; either of wood or iron, to prevent any further oscillation of the ice-breaker. By adopting these precautions, there will result, first, a complete separation of ice-breaker and house, requiring the destruction of the former before the strain can be brought to bear on the latter. Second. Additional strength and power of resistance is given to the ice-breaker, rendering its destruction less liable, and therefbre diminishing any apprehension for the stability of the house. These views are illustrated by the accompanying drawing, but will more readily be comprehended by an inspection ofthe model. An estimate of the cost of making these alterations is herewith transmitted, amounting to $18,120 39. The additions to the ice-breaker would be made of screw-piles, braced together in harmony with the present system. There is no doubt the present ice-breaker is not sufficient to relieve the house from danger, notwithstanding it has borne the shock of several winters, including the winter of 1852 and '53, one of the severest on record. The; experience of last winter, however, demonstrates that contingencies may again arise, as they did then, which, attacking the structure under peculiar circumstances, may prove fatal to its stability ; and under this conviction I felt myself justified, though not called upon by the board, in submitting my views, and to suggest alterations and additions, as I have herein laid before you. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G, MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Engineer Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. P . S.—I should have mentioned above that I have had prepared and sent to the keeper, wrought-iron bands in two parts, which clasp the centre pile, and being screwed up, compress and strengthen the fractured portion. There are three ofthese, each three inches deep, placed equidistant over the fracture of eighteen inches. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 335 Estimate ofi cost fior alterations and additions proposed to be made at the Brandywine light-house and ice-harbor. For 26 piles, 24 feet long, 6 inches diameter, 2,293 pounds each, at 6 cents .... $3,577 08 For 26 screws, 600 pounds each, equal 15,' 600 pounds, a t 3 ^ cents 546 00 For 104 collars, 500 pounds each, equal 52,000 pounds, at 3^ cents 1,820 00 For 88 3-inch braces, 15 feet long, 358 pounds each, at 4 cents 1,260 16 For 104 2J-inch braces, 10 feet 6 inches long, 175 pounds each, at 4 cents 728 00 For 384 bolts for braces, 768 pounds each, at Ocents .: 69 12 — For machine-pattern and blacksmith work onabove $8,000 36 3,761 50 LUMBER FOR PLATFORM, QUARTERS, &C, 10,000 feet 3-inch plank for platform, &c., at $18 per thousand Luniber for temporary quarters Spikes, nails, &c...., , $180 00 125 00 25 00 — " 330 00 EXPENSES OF ERECTING AT SITE. Charter of tender-vessel, 3 months, at $130 Pay of captain 3 months, at $60 Pay of 4 hands, 3 months, at $25 each Pay of 2 carpenters, 3 months, at $60 each. Pay of one blacksmith, 3 months, at $60 .... Pay of one ditto, helper, 3 months, at $45... Pay of one steward 3 months, at $25 Pay of one cook, 3 months, at $25 Pay of 6 laborers, 3 months, at $25 Pay of 1 superintending engineer, 3 months, at$125 Subsistence of 18 persons, 3 months, at 50 cents per day each $390 180 300 360 180 135 75 75 450 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 375 00 810 00 TOOLS, &C., &G. For one portable forge o For blacksmith's coal and anvil, &c ..,.o 35 00 50 00 3,830 00 336 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. For crow-bars, hammers, &c., &c For blocks, falls, rigging, &c $50 00 200 00 $335 00 Contingencies, 15 per cent 15,756 86 2,363 53 Total 18,120 39 Eespectfully: submitted: . . GEOEGE G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical .Engineers. PHILADELPHIA,-Oc/Jo5er 15, 1855. APPENDIX No. 11. ENGINEER'S OFFICE, 7TH AND 4TH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICTS, Philadelphia, October 15, 1855. SIR : I have-the honor to submit, herewith, for the information and consideration of the Light-house Board, the following report of the operations to date on the various works, committed to my charge in the seventh and fourth light-house districts. Iron-pile light-house. Northioest Channel, harbor ofi Key West.—At the date of my last annual report, you were duly advised that the materials for this work had been prepared and shipped to Key W e s t ; but that, owdng to the prevalence of the epidemic at that place, the erection of the structure haid been postponed to a more healthy season. A working party was, therefore, organized early in October last, and despatched in the vessel.belonging to this dis'trict, and operations were commenced at the site selected early in November. In consequence of the boisterous character of the season, and the exposed position of the work, notwithstanding the unremitting efforts of the superintendent in charge, .and those under him, it was not until the month of March t h a t t h e structure was completed. A light, however, was exhibited therefrom, in accordance with previous public notice, on the 5th March, and the keeper installed a few days before. This structure is founded on five wrought-iron piles driven into the . coral formation, through cast-iron disks of four feet diameter, above the reach of the wave. These foundation-piles are continued with 12inch yellow-pine spars, and on these is placed a frame building with a fire-proof roof of galvanized iron, surmounted by an iron lantern. The illuminating apparatuses of the fiftVprder, Fresnel, fixed, and shows a light over 275° of the horizon, with an available range of ten miles beyond the bar. Sand Key light-house.-—Certsim repairs being required at this structure, and their execution intrusted to me by the board, they were effected during the month of April. They consisted in strengthening one of the tank-rooms, in repainting with two coats the whole structure inside and out, and in supplying the watch-room with a new oil-tank and new fixtures of a more substantial character for the hydraulic lamp. The successful working of this lamp for REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 337 now over two years, demonstrates the feasibility of its use in positions not subjected to the extreme of low temperature. Light-house at Cape Florida.—In compliance with instructions from the board, this structure was examined with a view to elevating the tower, and refitting it with an improved illuminating apparatus. A report, with plans and estimates, we're submitted and approved. The design embraces the elevation of the present tower of brick some twenty feet, and surmounting it with an iron watch-room and lantern, with a Fresnel illuminating apparatus of the second order; the focal plane of which will be 100 feet above the sea-level. The materials for these alterations have been collected, and the iron-work manufactured, and will be shipped to the site and the Vv^ork executed during the coming season. Light-house on Coffin's Patches.—It was originally designedito have erected the foundation of this structure during the past seasop ; but, owing to the failure of the necessary appropriation, this plan was abandoned, and the funds in hand, in compliance with the jinstructions of the board, devoted to. the manufacturing of the materials. Additional means were appropriated by Congress during their last session, so that at the present date the structure is manufactured and fitted together in all its parts, to include the fifth series of the pile frame-work. The materials for the foundation have been shipped to Key West; and the vessel belonging to the district is now jloading with the lumber and other materials for erecting the platforni on the shoal to put down the foundation. The funds in hand are jdeemed sufficient to erect at the site that portion of the work completed here, during the course of the ensuing season for operations. It is to be hoped the balance of the original estimate, $25,000, will be called for and appropriated this session, as it will be necessary fbr the completion of the structure during the next fiscal year. An item fbr this amount is included, therefbre, in the general estimate for works in seventh district, hereto annexed, and marked No. 1. ! Jupiter Inlet light-house.—Since the date of the approval of the designs for this work, the necessary materials have been manufactured and prepared for shipment to the site. The design includes'a brick tower of ninety feet in height, with an iron stairway, and fin'rnished with a Fresnel illuminating apparatus ofthe first order, with flashes. The keeper's dwelling is a plain brick structure 26 X 30 feet,' of one story, having sufficient accommodation for the keeper and his assistants. ; The great difficulty to be overcome in the construction iof this work, is the getting the materials to the site. To effect this it wdll. be necessary, as you w^ere advised in the special report madfe upon this work, to send the materials, estimated at between four ahd five hundred tons in bulk, in a vessel to Indian river, where they riiust be lightered into the Indian Eiver inlet, as it is impossible to obt£l;in seagoing vessels here io carry any burden, with a draught of only fiye feet,, which is the limit of depth on Indian Eiver bar that it is deemed safe to. depend on. After this difficult operation of lightering a vessel over, a rough bar is accomplished, then there remains thirty-five miles of narrow, tortuous, and shallow navigation, where no greater depth. o 2 2 i • ' • 338 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. than twenty inches can be relied on. This involves the use of scowboats, the burden of which is limited by the shallow water and the narrow and crooked channel; so that, estimating the bulk of the materials as at five hundred tons, and the capacity of a scow-boat that will certainly get through, at ten tons, we have fifty trips of three boats—going and coming, thirty-five miles. It will be clearly seen this operation will consume a great deal of time, and in consequence involves inordinate expense. The estimate submitted with the design required ail the appropriation, but subsequent information of the difficulties to be encountered in getting the materials to the site has convinced me that the amount of the appropriation is inadequate, and 1 have, therefore, inserted an item in the general estimate fbr the seventh district of $5,000 fbr this work, which is but little over the ordinary per-centage attached to estimates for contingencies. Beacon on the Rebecca shoal.—The materials for this, like the Northwest Channel light-house, were carried out to Key West during the summer of 1854, with the view of its immediate erection; but in consequence of the epidemic, it. was also postponed to another season. The season for operations in this locality is in the latter part of May, months of J une and July, the periods when calms are most likely to prevail in this latitude. The working party were on the ground during the last week in April, supplied with everything necessary fbr the construction of a platform and the subsequent erection of the beacon. In the preliminary examination made of this shoal, it was believed ^ to be of a coral formation, as the coral heads or boulders could be distinctly seen, with sand in the spaces between them. As the operation of driving piles for the platform is one requiring a great deal of time, and the saving of time was of the utmost importance, it was determined to build the platform on trestles similar to those so siiccessluliy used at the Eomer shoals. New York harbor, Pungoteague light-house, Chesapeake, and by this same party at the Northwest Channel, Key West. Favored by good weather, the w^ork was commenced, and by the 17th of May, or after three weeks' labor, the platform was nearly completed, when the occurrence of a violent gale compelled the vessel to take refuge in the harbor of Tortugas. On their return, three days afterwards, no trace of the previous labor was visible; tne sea had carried all away. A delay was now created by the necessity of procuring additional materials, which as soon as obtained, the superintendent renewed his efforts to gain a foot-hold on the shoal. This was partially effected by the middle of June, when another platform w^as lost by the unequal settling of the trestles, caused by the heavy sea rocking them, and forcing them to work in the sand! By this time the superintendent became convinced that it was impossible to erect a platform upon trestles, as the shoal proved to be more of a sand formation than was originally supposed, and that the only effectual plan, if practicable, was tb drive piles into the shoal, and place an open platform on them. For this purpose the pile-driyer was set up on the deck of the vessel and a calm day awaited, when an attempt would be made, by anchoring the vessel on the shoal, to drive a sufficient number of piles to place the pile-driver on REPORT ON THE FINANCES. | 339 i them and continue the platform. For three weeks the party rbmained in the vicinity of the shoal, either lying off and on, or anchored, but not a day presented itself that justified an attempt. j By this time more than two months had been consumed in lineffectual efforts. The working party, organized in Philadelphia in October previous, had entered into engagements to serve eight months ; this time was drawing to a close, and all offers to induce |them to remain were rejected. Under these circumstances, as it was impossible to procure the services of others at Key West, the superintendent was compelled to return, to this place, where, having discharged one party and organized another, the vessel proceeded again to the shoal. This party arrived early in August, and remained at the shpal until the middie of September, nearly six weeks, but, I regret toj report, without an opportunity of even making the attempt to effect a lodgment. The season having passed, and the appropriation being exhausted, the work was necessarily abandoned. In reporting this failure, which no one can regret more than myself, I feel it proper to observe, 1st, that this result was not unlooked for ; indeed, in my special report, submitting a design, it was distinctly alluded to as extremely probable. I believed then, and am satisfied now, that no light-house structure of any kind has been erected, eitheir in this country or in Europe, at a position more exposed and offering greater obstacles than the Eebecca shoal. 2d. Notwithstanding the want of success attending the attempt here reported, I feel confident that everything was done that existing circumstances permitted, and the failure is to be attributed entirely to the unfavorable character of the season. Under the conviction, therefore, that a more propitious season, with the experience now acquired, may render success attainable, I feel justified in asking for additional means to renew these efforts, and have inserted an item in the general estimates for the seventh district amounting to $10,000. It was my desire and intention to be present and give my personal superintendence to this particular work, as the obstacles to be overcome were always fully appreciated by me. But you are aware, that on the eve of my departure, instructions from the board, imposing additional duties on me, not only prevented ray departure, but retained me at this place during the whole period of the work. I do no more than justice, however, to the superintendent in immediate charge, Mr, J . W. James, when I express the conviction that the energy and devotion with which he left no effort unspared to insure success, could not be siurpassed. My thanks are also due to Captain H. G. Wright, corps of engineers, in charge of the fortifications at Tortugas, whq most courteously rendered all the assistance in his powder, not only by supplying such materials as contingencies called for, and without whicli we should have been greatly embarrassed, but pa^rticularly in giving the superintendent the beneflt of his advice and judgmeut, which his local knowledge and professional acquirements rendered of the greatest value and imjportance. 340 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Beacon on the Middle Ground, Key West harbor.—Application having been made to the board fbr a beacon on the Middle Ground shoal. Sand key, in the harbor of Key West, the board were pleased to refer this application to this office, with instructions to furnish plan and estimate. This was accordingly done and the design approved, the materials shipped to Key West, and the beacon erected last month by the party returning from the Eebecca shoal. LIGHT-HOUSES IN THE FOURTH DISTRICT. The foregoing report refers to the progress of the works under my charge in the seventh district. On the 13th of April last, on the eve of my departure for the Eebecca shoal as stated above, I was directed to relieve Major Hartman Bache, topographical engineers, of the charge of certain works in the fourth district, several of which were at that period in active prosecution. In submitting, therefore, a report upon the progress of these works during the past year, it will be understood that all transactions prior to the above date were under the superintendence of that officer. Light-house on Cross Ledge shoal, Delaware bay.—When I took charge of this work, the designs for the whole structure, with the exception of the lantern, were matured and approved. The materials for the ice-breaker and for the foundation-pile frame-work of the house had been manufactured. Progress had also been made in the foundry upon the other portions of the work. Some time was consumed in searching for a suitable vessel to be employed in the construction, and the necessity for adapting her to the proposed work caused additional delay, so that the party organized did not take the fleld until the beginning of ^ July. They were assiduously employed from that time until the fourth of October; and being favored with a good season, were enabled to put down the ice-breaker of forty-two piles and all its braces, and also the foundation piles (nine in number) of the house. In.effecting this, a platform was built upon trestles, with iron legs of one and a quarter inch iron. These trestles were designed by Major Bache, and answ^ered admirably the purpose for which they were procured. The advantages from their use w^ere, flrst, less resistance to the wave, and consequently greater security for the platform and less danger of scouring the bottom; second, economy, as theyeould be employed on different works, and thus distribute their cost; third, celerity of movement, and hence a saving of time and money in the erection of a platform, always a large item in the cost of a work. The experience at the Cross ledge would conflrm the flrst two advantages ; but it is believed that nothing is. gained under the third head. The great weight of the legs of the trestles, and the manner they are braced, require that every time they are moved they should be taken apart; and to effect this, the small tender had to come on the shoal each time they were shifted. The result was, that as much time was consumed (three months) in erecting the ice-breaker and foundation piles with these trestles as would have been required, had either wooden trestles been used or REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ' 341 piles driven into the shoal. Their great advantage, however, in preserving the shoal, was made apparent, as all the observations made led to the belief that no change had taken place notwithstanding the screwing in of flfty-one piles. There remains for the next season the erection of the keeper's dwelling and lantern upon the foundation now down. The appropriation for this work, amoimting to $30,000, stated that it w^as ^Howards the erection of a light-house," thereby acknowledging the necessity of additional means for its completion. It will be seen by the ^' special estimate" herewith forwarded, that to finish the structure and furnish it with the necessary apparatus, &c., will require a sum of $22,492 49. The appropriation is exhausted, and no further progress in the work can be made until additional means are furnished. It is therefore greatly to be desired that the above amount should be appropriated at the earliest date practicable. Light-house on Ship John shoal, Delaware hay.—This work is identical in design to the one on Cross ledge, and the progress on my taking charge was very much thesame. The materials fbr the iceharbor and foundation frame-work had been collected and were being fitted together. In consequence ofthe lateness ofthe season when the operations at Cross ledge terminated, no effort was made to erect the Ship John work, as it would have been hazardous to have commenced laying down the ice-breaker pile unless the completion of the same could certainly be effected befbre the period of moving ice arrived. The work has therefore been confined to operations at the foundry, and manufacturing materials ; so that, taking advantage of an early commencement next year, it can be completed before the close of the season. A special estimate ofthe amount required to effect this is herewith submitted ; and the same reasons as are above quoted for an early appropriation of money for Cross ledge are equally a2)plicable to this work. Light-house at Absecum, N. J.—Soon after taking charge of the fourth district works, I was advised by the board that the designs for the tower and keeper's dwelling at this place, previously submitted by my predecessor, were approved, but at the same time I was called upon to suggest any modifications that might in my judgment lessen the cost of the same. A report was accordingly submitted, in which certain modifications were proposed, principally reducing the size of the keeper's dwelling and substituting iron for granite in certain parts of the tower. These being duly approved, a working party under a competent superintendent was organized and the work commenced by the close of June. The design approved required a tower of brick of over 150 feet in height to be founded at the level of low water. To reach the level of low w^ater required an excavation at the site selected of eight feet in depth. After excavating about half that depth, the trench commenced to drain the surface-water of adjoining marshes. Efforts were at first made to keep this water down by hand-pumps, which were so far successful as to permit another foot of excavation; but at this point the flow of water became such that a resort to pumps worked by 342 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. machinery became absolutely necessary. Accordingly one of Gwynn's centrifugal pumps, capable of raising 12,000 gallons per hour, was purchased and worked by a small steam-engine both night and day until the excavation was completed and the masonry ofthe foundation laid dry to a higher level than the water. As a precautionary measure, ' not included in the original design, I laid a platform of timber one foot in thickness and extending over a greater surface than the flrst course of masonry. The obstacle thus presented to the progress of the work caused the entire months of July^and August to be consumed in laying down the masonry foundation, which under other circumstances woald have required about, one-fourth the time. Since the completion of the foundation the superstructure of brick has made rapid progress, and it is hoped that by the close of the season the tower will be raised over 40 feet. By recommencing early in the spring, it is believed .that a light can be shown from the tower by the month of July next. I am not aware on what data the amount appropriated for this work was based. There is no doubt, however, that it w^as entirely inadequate for a work of the magnitude now being erected. Theplace, though within forty "miles of Philadelphia, is entirely without resources. There are no wharves or conveniences of any kind for landing niaterials or for handling them after landing. Hence, it resulted from a reliable calculation that transportation on the railroad was the most economical mode, notwithstanding its excess over ordinary water transport. The obstacles encountered, particularly the presence of water in the foundation trench, and consequent consumption of time, have added greatly to the cost of the work and to the amount which is required to complete it. A special estimate, showing the anticipated expenditures of next season and the probable balance in hand at the close of this, gives as the amount to be appropriated $17,436 32. Light-house at Cape Henlopen.—Congress having made an appropriation fbr ^'refltting this light with an improved illuminating apparatus," I was called upon by the board to submit a design and estimate for the same. So soon as the structure could be inspected a report was made, which being approved, the v/ork of preparing the materials has been actively prosecuted, and it is hoped that before the winter sets in, the Fresnel apparatus, already arrived, will be exhibited from the^tower. Light-house on Reedy island.—The site of this light, at the south side of Eeedy island, has been undergoing a change for years past from the abrasion of the waves of storms and the ice of w^inter. Having been directed to inspect it, a special report was submitted, in which it was recommended to bank in the immediate site wdth an embankment raised above storm-tides with a sluiceway fbr drainage, and to repair the keeper's dwelling and tower by renewing the timber work under the brick walls, where it had decayed from exposure consequent on the overflow ofthe tides—the new work being thereafter protected by the proposed embankment. The law appropriating for this work says, ^'for banking in and preserving the site of Eeedy Island light-house." This may bear the construction that the whole site or government property of twenty-flve acres is to be banked in ; but if REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 343 SO, the amount appropriated, $1,800, is totally inadequate for the purpose, as will be seen by reference to the special report above alluded to. For the enbankment therein proposed, it is not deemed necessary to ask fbr more funds. Cohanzey light-house.—Having been directed by the board to examine this locality, I found the same operation taking place here as at Eeedy island, viz: the abrasion of the shore of the bay by the storms and ice. A report was accordingly made, proposing to continue the protection, commenced previously, by making a breakw^ater of piles, sheathed with plank and revetted with building-stones. Light-house at Barnegat, Neiv Jersey.—This light was visited, in company with the light-house inspector of the district, with a view to its examination for repairs. A special report was thereupon made, in which designs were submitted fbr either a flrst or second class light-house tower to replace the existing one, pronounced not only totally inadequate to the wants of this important position, but in such a condition that, even with the repairs projected, it was not safe to depend on its standing beyond the coming winter. In the special report above alluded to, the.importance of an efficient light at this position was particularly dwelt on. Attention is called to the fact that Barnegat light, situated 45 miles from Sandy Hook, is as important to the navigation of New York as the latter ; indeed, even more so, as it is often the flrst light made on an over-sea voyage. Since the date of the special report, in which allusion was made to the record kept by the light-keeper of the number of vessels in sight from his station during the day, this record has been forwarded to me by the keeper, and I flnd that from January. 1st to September 30th, 1855, there passed his station duriug the day—ships 313 ; brigs 524 ; steamships 247: of these, the great majority took their pilots off Barnegat; the same ratio for the remainder of the year; and, presuming the same number passed in the night as the day, would make the grand aggregate of vessels over 3,000. All of which, with their passengers and cargoes, were dependent for safety on the efficiency of the light at this place. The above calculation does not take in the coasters, particularly those engaged in the great coal trade, but only refers to large ships, steamers, and brigs, or sea-going vessels. It is earnestly to be hoped that no further delay will take place in making the necessary appropriation fbr an efficient light, to be erected at the earliest practical date, at this most important position. Light-house on Brandywine shocd.—This structure was recently inspected and a special report submitted, with plans and estimates, embracing certain alterations and additions, whereby increased protection will be afforded from running ice. A portion of the funds in hand were devoted during the past season, under the direction of the light-house inspector of the district, in renovating and repainting the structure. OFFICE AND MISCELLANEOUS WORK. The work in the offices of both districts, in preparing the drawings, reports, estimates, &c., has been assiduously attended to. In addi 344 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. tion, much miscellaneous work for positions not in" the district has been executed under the instruction of the board ; such i s the superintending ofthe building of lanterns, fog-signals, and hydraulic lamps. A system of fog-signals, the bell to be struck by machinery, '^ enabling the position to be identifled by sound during the fogs, as it is by optical phenomena at other times," was projected by my predecessor in the fourth district^ and several experimental machines were constructed under his direction. These having proved satisfactory, others have been subsequently manufactured. My personal movements have been in conformity with the exigencies arising out of the wants of each district, and the instructions of the board calling for information. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Engineer Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. N x 1. General estimate for light-house ivorks in the seventh and fiourth districts, fior the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1856. SEVENTH DISTRICT, FLORIDA. For continuing and completing the construction of the light-house near Coffin's Patches, off Dry Bank, on the Florida reef, between Carysfort Eeef and Sand Key light-houses, being the unappropriated balance of original estimate, the sumof twenty-flve thousand dollars, ($25,000.) For continuing and completing the erection of a flrst-class lighthouse and keeper's dwelling, and fltting the same with a flrst-order illuminating apparatus, near Jupiter inlet, Florida, being in addition to the appropriation ^^approved March 3, 1853," the sum of flve thousand.dollars, ($5,000.) For continuing the efforts to erect a beacon on the Eebecca shoal, near the Dry Tortugas, in addition to the appropriation of August 3, 1854, the sum of ten thousand dollars, ($10,000.) FOURTH DISTRICT, DELAWARE AND NEW JERSEY. For continuing and completing the construction of an iron-pile light-house and ice-breaker on Cross Ledge shoal, Delaware bay, in place of the light-vessel at present at that point, and in addition to the appropriation approved August 3, 1854, the sum of twenty-two thousand four hundred and ninety-two dollars and twenty-nine cents, ($22,492 29.) ^. For continuing and completing the light-house on or near Ship John shoals, Delaware bay^ in addition to the appropriation of August 3, J854, the sum of twenty-flve thousand and flve dollars and eleven cents, ($25,005 11.) REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 345 For continuing and completing the erection of a flrst-class lighthouse tow^er and keeper's dwelling, to be fltted with the most approved illuminating apparatus, placed in-the vicinity of Absecum inlet, to guide navigators clear of Absecum and Brigantine shoals, and in addition to the appropriation of August 3, 1854, the sum of seventeen thousand four hundred and thirty-six dollars and sixty-two cents, ($17,436 62.) For the erection of a flrst-class light-house, fitted with the most^approved illuminating apparatus, to be placed in the vicinity jof the existing tower at Barnegat, affording more efficient protection and warning to navigators approaching the coast, the sum of forty-five thousand dollars, ($45,000.) For the greater protection, from running ice, of the light-house on Brandywine shoal, Delaware bay, by increasing and strengthening the existing ice-breaker, and other proposed alterations, the sum of eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty-one dollars and forty-four cents, ($18,121 44.) Eespectfully submitted : GEOEGE G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers, PHILADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. No. 2. Special estimate fior banking and preserving the site ofi Reedy Island light-house. For 968 feet of earth embankment of thefollowing dimensions, viz: 26 feet on base, with slope on inside of 15 feet on the base; slope on inside of 6 feet on the base; width on top of 5 - feet; and mean height of 5 feet 6 inches: 968 running feet, at $3 per foot $2,904 00 Sluice for draining the enclosure 100 00 162 wooden piles, to protect earth bank inside, at $3 486 00 5,808 feet 3-inch hemlock plank, to protect inside of earth bank, = : 17,424 feet board measure, at $12 per thousand 209 09 400 pounds galvanized spikes, at 10 cents ... 40 00 929 perches pier stone, for paving outside slope of bank from running ice, at $1 929 00 — WORKMANSHIP AND LABOR. For driving 162 piles and spiking on planks, &c.: 1 superintendent, 30 days, at $4 per day 2 carpenters, 30 days, at $2 per day each.... $120 00 120 00 $4,668 09 346 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 4 laborers, 30 days, at $1 25 per day each... Subsistence of 6 persons, 30 days, at 50 cents per day $150 00 90 00 $480 00 Contingencies, 10 per cent 5,148 09 514 81 Amount of appropriation August 3, 1854.. 5,662 90 1,815 00 Balance to be appropriated .- 3,847 90 No. 3. Estimate fior continuing the erection and completing tlie iron-pile lighthouse at Gross Ledge shoal, Delaware bay. MATERIALS. Wrought iron. Ceiling-joists, 3,906 pounds, at 6 cents Eafters, 4,406, pounds, at 6 cents $234 36 264 36 $498 72 Cast iron. Sills and eaves-plates, 3,120 pounds, at 3^cents Door and window, 2,246 pounds, at 3J cents. Eoof-plates, 24,017 pounds, at 3^- cents Walls of house, 25,272 pounds, at 3^ cents.. Window frames and sashes, 2,400 pounds, at 3 i cents Sash doors, 1,000 pounds, at 3^- cents Gutter around dwelling, 1,200 pounds, at 3|cents Corner-po'sts, 7,880 pounds, at 3^- cents Wall and fioor of tower, 7,382 pounds, at 3 i cents Lantern, 2,206 pounds, at 3-|- cents Tower cornice, 672 pounds, at 3:^ cents Centre column, 1,184 pounds, at 3|- cents.... 101 73 780 821 40 00 55 34 78 00 32 50 39 00 256 10 239 71 21 38 -: 92 69 84 48 2,553 82 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. WORKSHOP LABOR, INCLUDING PATTERN-MAKERS, 347 MACHINISTS, SMITHS, ETC. On stringers On joists On floor-plates On ceiling-joists On rafters. On sills and wall-plates On doors and windows On walls of dwelling On gutter and corner-post On tov^er walls and floor On lantern-floor and tower cornice On centre column $800 200 1,200 250 275 100 175 1,000 300 250 100 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14^700 00 LUMBER. Flooring-boards, 2,500 feet, at 4 cents.. Lining-boards, 1,500 feet, at 4 cents.... Ceiling-boards, 1,500 feet, at 4 cents ... Partition-boards, 1,000 feet, at 4 cents . Nailing-strips, 1,000 feet, at 4 cents.... To wer-lining, 1,500 feet, at 4 cents Steps, &c., 500 feet, at 5 cents 100 00 60 00 60 00 40 00 40 00 60 00 25 00 385 00 MISCELLANEOUS. Iron railing around dwelling and tower Two water and oil tanks Hoisting apparatus for boat Bolts, hinges, locks, nails, &c Lantern, complete Plate-glass and glazing ditto Boat, wfth sails Paints and brushes Tools, forge, smiths' coal, &c Blocks and rigging Current repairs of schooner Hire of tender-schooner Draughtsman and office exnenses. 400 500 600 500 1,500 500 150 250 100 150 500 500 500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ^ 6,150 00 LABOR . ERECTING STRUCTURE. 1 1 2 1 superintendent.... sub-assistant carpenters machinist per month $125 00 do 45 00 do 105 00 do 60 00 348 1 1 1 4 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. smith helper rigger laborers and 1 cook per month do do ...do $60 45 60 125 00 00 00 00 625 00; for.4 months, $2,500 00 EXPENSES OF VESSEL, BEING IN LIEU OF FREIGHT, TRANSPORTATION, QUARTERS, ETC. 1 1 4 1 sailing-master... per month mate do seamen do cook and steward.... do $75 00 45 00 100 00 50 00 370 00; for 6 months, 2,220 00 SUBSISTENCE OF WORKING PARTY. 12 men, 120 days, at 50 cents 8 men, 180 days, at 50 cents< $720 00 720 00 1,440 00 Amount of estimate Add 10 per cent, for contingencies 20,447 54 2,044 75 Total amount..... 22,492 29 Eespectfully submitted: GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. No. 4. Estimate fior continuing and completing the iron-pile light-house on Ship John shoal, Delaware bay. MATERIALS. Wrought iron. Stringers, 10,544 pounds, at 6 cents Joists, 3,413 pounds, at 6. cents Ceiling joists, 4,000 pounds, at 6 cents Eafters, 5,000 pounds, at 6 cents $632 204 240 300 64 78 00 00 $1,377 42 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 349 Cast iron. Sills and wall-plates, 3,120 pounds, at 3^ cts. Door and window studs, 2,246 pounds, at 3icents Eoof-plates, 24,017 pounds, at 3|-cents Walls of house, |25,272 pounds, at 3^ cents. Windows and doors, 3,400 pounds, at 3|cents ;... .^ Gutter and corner posts, 9,080 pounds, at 3-1- cents ' Walls and floor of tower, 7,382 pounds, at 3icents .' Lantern floor and cornice, 2,878 pounds, at 3i-cents Centre column, 1,184 pounds, at 3|- cents... $101 40 73 00 780 00 821 34 110 00 295 10 239 92 93 53 38 48 $2,553 82 WORKSHOP LABOR, INCLUDING PATTERN MAKERS, MACHINISTS, SMITHS, &C. On On On On On On On On On On On floor-plates of dwelling stringers joists rafters.. sills and w^all-plates doors and windows walls of dwelling gutter and corner-posts tower walls and floor lantern floor and tower cornice ...• centre column and stairway $1,200 800 450 275 100 175 1,000 • 300 250 100 100 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 4,750 00 LUMBER. Flooring-boards, 2,500 feet, at 4 cents Lining-boards, 3,000 feet, at 4 cents %.,.. Ceiling and partition, 2,500 feet, at 4 cents. Nailing-strips, 1,000 feet,'at 4 cents Steps and risers, 500 feet, at 5 cents Platform on shoal 100 120 100 40 25 500 • 00 00 00 00 00 00 885 00 MISCELLANEOUS. Iron railing around dwelling and tower Water and oil tanks Hoisting apparatus and davits for boats Bolts, hinges, locks, spikes, &c Lantern complete Plate-glass and glazing house Boat, with oars and sails Paints, oils, and brushes 400 500 600 500 1,500 500 150 300 00 00 ' 00 00 00 00 00 00 350 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Tools, shears, and forge, &c Blocks and rigging Eepairs of schooner Hire of tender-schooner four months Draughtsman and foundry agent Stationery, office rent, and expenses Cartage, hauling, and shipping Travelling expenses and oflice allowance .... Ship chandlery and smith's coal ,$250 150 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 00 00 00 00 00 00 ^ 00 00 00 $7,850 00 LABOR ERECTING STRUCTURE. ' Working party on ice-harbor. One superintendent, per month... " $125 00 One sub-assistant, per month 50 00 Two carpenters, per month.. 105 00 One blacksmith and helper, per month 105 00 One rigger, per month 60 00 Oneforeman of laborers, per month 40 00 Ten laborers, per month. 250 00 735 0 0 ; for 3^ mos., 2,572 50 EXPENSES OF VESSEL USED AS QUARTERS. One sailing-master, per month.... One mate, per month Four seamen, per month One cook and one steward, per month • $75 00 45 00 100 00 50 00 270 0 0 ; for 3^ mos., 945 00 EXPENSES OF TENDER-SCHOONER TRANSPORTING MATERIALS. One master, per month Four seamen, per month One cook, per month $50 00 100 00 25 00 175 0 0 ; for 4 mos., 700 00 SUBSISTENCE OF WORKING PARTY ON ICE-HARBOR. 3,600 days, at 50 cents per day 1,800 00 LABPR ERECTING HOUSE AND TOWER. One superintendent, per month... One-sub-assistant, per month Two carpenters, per month Two machinists, per month One smith and helper, per month, Four laborers and foreman, per month $125 .50 105 120 105 00 00 00 00 00 140 00 REFORT ON THE FINANCES. One rigger, per month. One cook, per month 351 $60 00 25 00 730 0 0 ; for 4 mos., $2,920 00 \T5SSEL EMPLOYED CARRYING MATERIALS. One sailing-master, per month ... One mate, per month Four seamen, per month One cook and steward, per month, $75 40 100 50 00 00 00 00 265 0 0 ; for 4 mos., 1,060 00 SUBSISTENCE OF PARTY ERECTING HOUSE. 3,000 days, in all, at 50 cents 1,50000 Add 10 per cent, for contingencies 28,913 74 2,891 37 Amount of estimate Deduct unexpended balance 31,805 11 6,800 00 Amount to be appropriated 25,005 11 Eespectfully submitted: GEO. G. MEADE, Lieutenant Topographical Engineers. . PHILADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. No. 5. Estimate fior completing tower and building keeper's house at Absecum. TOWER. Brickwork. 400,000 bricks, delivered at site 800 barrels of cement, delivered at site $4,800 00 1,250 00 $6,050 00 . ^ Cast iron. One centre column, 150 feet long 225 steps and risers Eight window-frames and sashes Two doors and frames , Gallery brackets and floor-plates Watch-room railing Lantern complete Workshop labor in above 400 1,000 400 150 500 150 ' 2,000 2,500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7,100 00 352 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Wrought iron. Standards and hand-rail Braces, bolts, nuts, &c Four oil-tanks Lightning-rod and point Watch-room door and hatch $100 75 200 30 50 — 00 00 00 00 00 $455.00 Lumber. Boards for scaffolding, centres, lining3 &c 500 00 MisceUaneous. Freight on materials Steam hoisting-apparatus and engine Glass for lantern • Grading and fencing in lot Office expenses, draughtsmen, and travelling expenses . 1,000 1,500 1,000 1,000 00 00 00 00 500 00 —• 5,000 00 Lahor. 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 superintendent, 210 days, at $4 carpenter, 175 days, at $2 bricklayers, 750 days, at $2 25 smith, 60 days, at $2 machinist, 60 days, at $2 foreman of laborers, 175 days, at $1 50... laborers, 875 days, at $1 25 840 350 1,687 120 120 262 1,093 00 00 50 00 00 50 75 4,473 75 Keeper's dwelling. Per estimate 20th June, 1855 5,000 00 Contingencies 10 per cent 28,578 75 2,857 87^ Balance unexpended 31,436 62 14,000 00 17,436 62 Eespectfully submitted: GEO. G. MEADE, ^ Lieut. Topographical Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 353 No. 2. Estimate for continuing the efforts to erect a beacon on the Rebecca Shoal, Florida, according to approved design. LABOR. 1 superintendent, $150 per month; 1 smith, $60 per month; 1 helper, $45 per month ;o 2 carpenters, $120 ' per month; 2 boatmen and laborers, $125 per month; in all, $500, for flve months. Charter of vessel with wages of captain and crew, at $600 per month, for flve months Charter of tender schooner, with wages of captain and crew, at $300 per month, for four months To provisions for 20 persons, 150 days, at 50 cents per day per man $2,500 00 3,000 00 1,200 00 1,500 00 MATERIALS. 1 boat 1 pile-driver 1 hoisting apparatus ' .25 piles for platform, at $4 each 5,000 spruce plank, (3-inch,) at $20 per thousand.. 200 feet run of 9 by 12 cap logs, at 20 cents per foot.... Eigging blocks and falls Materials for trestles (lumber and bolts) Portable forge, anvil, and smith's tools 2 hogsheads smith's coal Fuel and water Anchor and chain Small derrick 125 300 50 100 100 40 100 75 75 16 80 250 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9,531 00 Contingencies 5 per cent 476 00 10,007 00 Eespectfully submitted, GEO. G. MEADE, Lieut. Topographiccd Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, October 15, 1855. 23 354 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. APPENDIX No. 12. OFFICE FIFTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, Washington, D. C , September 29, 1855. In accordance with the instructions ofthe Light-house Board, directing me to report upon all operations connected with my duties as light-house inspector in this district, and also in accordance withthe requirements ofthe ^^circular" dated June 5, 1555, directingthe several inspectors to embody in their respective reports on the 1st October, 1855, as much as appertained to their duties contained in. that circular, under the seyeral heads mentioned therein, I have the honor to submit the following: GENTLEMEN: LIGHT-VESSELS. MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. Willoughby's Spit.—This vessel, which w^as undergoing repairs at the Gosport navy yard at the date of my last report, was completed, and returned to her station, in perfect order, on the 31st October, 1854. Two new lanterns, of 16 large sized panes of plate-glass each, were substituted for the old style lantern, containing 86 panes of glass. A very great improvement at this important station. York-Spit.—This vessel, lately built at the Philadelphia navy yard, and fitted with a new illuminating apparatus, consisting of 8 constant level lamps and 8 parabolic reflectors, 12 inches in diameter each, is at present temporarily employed as a relief vessel. After having relieved the Smith's Point light-vessel w^hile that vessel was undergoing repairs, she then relieved the ^^ Wolf T r a p , " and is now at that station, using temporary masthead lens lanterns for that purpose. When the repairs to the latter vessel are completed she will be sent to her destination at York Spit. Wolf Trap.—This vessel was relieved for repairs on the 17th August last, and towed to Alexandria, Virginia, all w^ork having been suspended at Norfolk and Portsmouth, in consequence of the yellow fever at these places. She will be fltted cmt with new lanterns, similar to those at Willoughby's Spit, and two Costan lamps, in place of the old bowl-lamps. Windmill Point.—This vessel has had the following slight repairs , made at her station, viz: A new belfry has been put up, and a considerable portion of a new rail, &c., was put in, the old one having been carried away by a schooner coming into collision with her. Smith's Point.—This vessel has been thoroughly repaired at Great Wycomico river, Virginia. She was caulked, painted, and partially coppered, and returned to her station on the 16th August, 1855. Hooper's Straits.—This vessel was thoroughly repaired in Baltimore, and resumed her station on the 15th June, 1855. Lower Cedar Point, Potomac river.—This vessel was put in thorough repair last spring, at Alexandria, Virginia. A new illuminating apparatus, consisting of 8 constant level lamps and 8 h2-inch parabolic reflectors, was substituted for the old style bowl-lamp, and a new REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 355 octagonal lantern, of 8 large sized panes of plate-glass, in place ofthe old four sided lantern, containing 48 panes of small sized common glass. The new light was flrst exhibited on the 25th April, 1855. Upper Cedar Point, Potomac river.—This light-vessel-was thoroughly repaired last spring, and was fltted with a new illuminating . apparatus, consisting of a lantern containing 16 panes of large sized plate-glass, and a new Costan lamp, in iilace of the old style lantern of 48 panes of small sized common-glass and the old style common bowl-lamp. The Costan lamp was flrst exhibited on the 17th May, 1855. Bowler's Rock, Rappahannock river.—This vessel was removed for repairs on the 8th December, 1854, at the close of navigation, and towed to Norfolk. Upon examination, she was found to be so badly decayed that it was deemed most advisable and economical to condemn her. She was sold at public auction by the superintendent of lights at Norfolk. The ^^ Eelief" light-vessel, which was attached to this district, was ordered to be fltted out for Bowler's Eock station. She was put in thorough repair, having a Costan lamp on board, and was placed at her station on the 15th April, 1855. This district is now without a relief light-vessel. NORTH CAROLINA. Brant Island shoal.—This vessel is now undergoing repairs at her station. Neuse river.—This vessel was removed for repairs to Newbern, North Carolina, on the 18th of May, 1855. She resumed her station on the 30th of June following in perfect order. XoT^^^'^Aoa?.—-This vessel was repaired and returnedto her station in September, 1854, after the date of my last report. She was fitted with a Costan lamp. Royal shoal.—This vessel was fitted with a Costan lamp at the same time the Long shoal vessel was. Roanoke river.—This vessel is now undergoing repairs at Plymouth, North Carolina. Wade's Point.—This vessel was removed and condemned. A screwpile light-house will be substituted. At present, temporary rod lamps are exhibited at that station. LIGHT-HOUSES. MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. Cape Charles, Smith's Island.—The tower and keeper's dwelling at this light station were thoroughly repaired in July last, and left in .good order. A new revolving machine is available, and will be put up in a short time, as the revolving machine now in use at this station is in very bad order. Gape Henry.—The keeper's dwelling, &c., at this station, will receive the necessary repairs as soon as possible. A fog-bell, worked by machinery, was erected at this station on the 13th July, 1855. Old Point Comfort.—A fog-bell, the same as that at Cape Henry, was erected near this station on the 20th July, 1855. 356 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. White shoals. Point ofi shoals, and Deep Water shoals.—Screw-pile light beacons which were in course of construction at the date of my last report were completed shortly afterwards. A larged sized . pressed-glass masthead lens was suspended in the lantern of each house and exhibited on the Oth February, 1855. These masthead lenses were found upon trial to answer all the purposes of navigation on James river, Virginia, and were permanently substituted fbr the fifth order Fresnel lenses originally intended for these light-houses. Jordan's Point, James river.—This light-house w^as also completed after the date of my last report. A similar illuminating apparatus to those in the screw-pile houses was first exhibited here on the 7th February, 1855. Black river, Ghesapeake bay.—A new revolving machine and reflecting illuminating apparatus, consisting of 6 21-inch parabolic reflectors and 6 fountain lamps, were substituted for the old apparatus of 10 lamps and 10 14-inch reflectors, on the 20th March, 1855, which adds very much to the brilliancy and efficiency of"this light. New Point Comfiort.—The keeper's dwelling at this light station requires immediate repairs, painting, &c. The illuminating apparatus is. in a very bad condition, being old and almost worn out. The repairs needed to the dwelling will be made on the first opportunity. This light should illuminate the whole horizon. Pungoteague.—This, house, built on seven pneumatic piles, w^hich was in course of erection at the date of my last report, was completed shortly afterwards," and a fifth order lens, was first exhibited on the 1st November, 1854. ^' Little Watt's Island.—The tower and keeper's dwelling at this station were put in thorough repair iii August last. This light would aid the navigation of Tangier Sound and Pocomoke Bay very much if it illuminated the whole horizon. One additional lamp and refiector would answer all practical purposes. Smith's Point, mouth ofi the Potomac River, Va.—Before j)utting up a fourth order Fresnel lens at this station, I had the tower, lantern, and keeper's dwelling—which were in a wretched condition—put into temporary repair, sufficient to preserve the new apparatus. This I deemed sufficient in anticipation of the new screw-pile light-houseabout to be built on the spit off Smith's Point. The lens put up was first exhibited on the 7th August, 1855, and was substituted fbr the old reflecting apparatus consisting of 15 lamps and 15 sixteen-inch reflectors. The bank on which the tower stands is fast w^ashing away; its verge being now only about 40 feet from the base of the tower. *. Fogs' Point.—A flfth order Fresnel lens was put up at this station . and exhibited on the 18th August last, and was substituted for a reflecting apparatus of 10 lamps and 10 sixteen-inch reflectors. Point Lookout, mouth ofi the Potomac River, Md.—The keeper's dwelling at this station was thoroughly repaired in August, 1855. A new lot fence is very much required here, the posts and rails of the old fence are almost all decayed. Cove Point.—A flfth order Fresnel lens, ^^flxed, varied by flashes," was first exhibited at this station on the 21st June, 1855, and was REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 357 substituted for the old reflecting apparatus consisting of 11 lamps and 11 eighteen-inch reflectors. ' Thomas' Point.—Th.is light station, was fltted with a flfth order Fresnel lens on the 15th May, 1855, in place of the old reflecting apparatus consisting of 13 lamps and 13 reflectors, 16 inches in diameter. Greenbury Point.—This light station was fltted with a steamer's* lens, which was substituted on the 14th May, 1855,'for the old reflecting apparatus consisting of 9 lamps and 9 fourteen-inch reflectors. Seven Foot Knoll.—A screw-pile light-house is now in course of erection at this new light station. Lazaretto.—A fourth order Fresnel lens was put up here, and a new lantern at the same time was put on the tower. The light was flrst exhibited on the 14th June, 1855. This lens light is substituted for the old reflecting apparatus, consisting of 11 lamps and 11 15-inch reflectors. Concord Point, Hcvvre cle Grace, Md.—A steamer's lens was substituted at this light station for the old reflecting apparatus, consisting of 9 constant level lamps, and.9 16-inch reflectors, on the 10th May, 1855. Piney Point.—-This light station was fltted with a flfth order Fresnel lens on the 5th June, 1855, which was substituted for the old reflecting apparatus of 10 lamps and 10 15-inch reflectors. A breakwater will be necessary at this station immediately for the preservation of the tower. , Hog Island, Potomac river.—A site for this new light station was laid off on ' ' Hog Island," between the Cone and Yeocomico rivers on the Virginia side ofthe Potomac river. Blakistone's Island.—This light station was thoroughly repaired, painted, and put in complete order in September, 1855. Jones' Pointy Potomac river.—The new light-house at this station will be commenced immediately. NORTH CAROLINA. Body's Island.—The keeper's dwelling at this light station was thoroughly repaired and put in perfect order, and the lantern was ne^vly glazed in March, 1855. Cape Hatteras.—The keeper's dwelling at this light station was built in 1854, but was not painted at that t i m e ; it has been thoroughly painted during the last summer with three coats of paint, under the superintendence pf H. F . Hancock, esq., the superintendent of lights at Washington, N. C. Ocracoke.—The keeper's dwelling and tower at this station were thoroughly repaired in March, 1855. Pamlico Point.—The tower at this station was being fast undermined by the action of the sea. I had a concrete foundation and breakwater made around the base of the tower where it was exposed, which will effectually preserve it. The keeper's dwelling w^as put in . good repair at the same time. Bogue Bank and Fort Macon.—These two lights near Fort Macon, entrance to Beaufort harbor, were erected under the superintendence 358 REPORT GN THE FINANCES. of Captain D. P. Woodbury, corps of engineers, since the date of my last report, and the lights first exhibited on the day of , 1855. 2. BEACONS, BUOYS, AND STAKES. MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. Since the 1st of July, 1854, the Potomac, James, and Appomatox rivers, Virginia, and the Great Choptank river, Maryland, have been buoyed out, and several additional buoys have been planted , in Chesapeake Bay, which completes the buoyage of that bay from the capes of Virginia to the head of navigation, except a few in the eastern channel of Pool's Island from Swan Point, which will be buoyed shortly. Two second class iron nun and can buoys were planted on Upper and Lower ^'^Crump's Hill" shoalwater, also a second class iron nun buoy on the '^Thimble," and one on the ^^Lump," all near the entrance into Chesapeake bay, inside. A second class iron can buoy was planted off Cherrystone, one on ^''New Point Shoal," and one on the southeast bar off New Point. A second class iron nun buoy was planted on the southwest bar off New Point, entrance to Mobjack Bay. An additional spar buoy was planted near a wreck in Hooper's Straits, and one in Tangier Sound. All these j)laces were considered dangerous to navigators, and are now well marked. Duplicate buoys have been planted in the following creeks, rivers, bays, inlets, &c., &c., &c.: Patapsco river and tributaries. Pool's Island channel, Bodkin Swash, Annapolis Eoads and Severn river, Chester and West rivers. Hooper's and Kedge's Straits, Tangier sound, Wycomico river, Pocomoke bay, and Chessonessex creek, in Maryland; Occahamock, Onancock, Machotank, Cherrystone, Pungoteague, and Hunting creeks, on the bay side, and Hog island, Great Matchapungo, Sand Shoals, Metompkin, and Fisherman's inlets, on the sea side of the eastern shore of Virginia; and Pianketank and Eappaha-nnock rivers, on the western shore of Chesapeake bay, Virginia. NORTH CAROLINA. The Pasquotank, Little, and Perquimon rivers, also the landings in Hyde county, and the Alligator and North rivers, have been recently buoyed out. Duplicate buoys and stakes have been planted in Ocracoke inlet. Core sound, (channelto Beaufort harbor has had some new buoys planted,) Neuse river, Pamlico river, Hatteras inlet, and Pamlico, Croatan, and Albemarle sounds. All the foregoing beacons, buoys, and stakes, have been planted under the present system. 3. The general condition of the different branches of the light-house service (with two or three exceptions) is very good in this district. 4. A great deal of renovating and repairing was done this season, in this district, therefore much will not be required next year, but some will always be found wanting and necessary. The following will be the most expensive, viz: Eepairing North Point, 2 lights. 359 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. Breakwater at Piney Point. New keeper's dwelling at Point Lookout. Besides sundry other special, and the ordinary general repairs throughout the 5th district. 5. None. 6. None, 7. The Ocracoke channel light-vessel and Beacoii Island light-house were intended as a range to cross the Ocracoke bar at night in safety. In consequence of the formation of shoals inside the bar, that range never has been, nor can it be now obtained. Should it be attempted to crbss the bar by bringing these lights in a direct range, a vessel would certainly strike on the reef, with every chance of inevitable destruction. It is possible that a range might be obtained by having two lightvessels in place, of the house and one vessel, but the channel in w^hich one of them would have to be moored is so subject to change that its continuance would, I fear, be of short duration. As it is generally admitted by navigators that when definite instructions cannot be given for the use of lights, it is better there should be no light at all, I would recommend that the two lights in question be discontinued, after sufficient notice be given, and that the Ocracoke channel light-vessel be stationed off the northwest end of Eoyal shoal, where a light is so much needed, until the screw-pile light-house, for which an appro|)riation has been made, is erected. After the erection of the screw-pile light-house, the vessel would be of the greatest service as a relief light-vessel in the wafers of Pamlico and Albemarle sounds, and their tributaries, in North Carolina. 8. The advantages derived from the introduction of lenses in place of reflectors are various and great. They insure a better, brighter, and clearer light, can be readily distinguished, and are much more economical in every respect. 9. The Costan lamps and reflectors in light-vessels are also much better lights than the old bowl-lamps. They emit little or no smoke to darken the lantern, they always insure a good light, and consume less oil than the old lamp, particularly the Costan lamp. The following comparative table will show the difference in the consumption of oil between a Costan lamp and one of 8 lamps and reflectors, and an old style bowl-lamp: JDaily consumption. Najne of station and kind of apparatus. Time exhibited. Gallons. Quarts. Lower Cedar Point, L . V., 8 lamps and 8 reflectors '. M a y 17 to 31—15 days. Upper Cedar Point, L. V. Costan lamp.. Stirne time • « • « • • • * • • • • Hooper's Straits, L . V., old bowl-lamp.. Scinie time ••«•• 3 2 Pints. Ib- 3 1 Although the difference in the quantity of oil consumed daily is very great, nevertheless the Costan lamp shows as good a light as the reflectors, but either is more economical in point of consumption than the old bowl-lamp, and a decidedly better aid to navigation. 360 REPORT ON THE FINANCES, 10. The number of the different orders of lenses, &c., introduced in this district, and the number of reflector lamps removed since October, 1852, are as follows : Order of lens. No. of each order. 1st 2d 3d 4th I None. None. 6 Sth 7 Steamers' lens 2 Masthead lens lanterns. 4 N a m e of station where alterations were made. Cape H a t t e r a s . . Ocracoke . . . . . Body's Island Old Point Lazaretto Smith's Point Fort Macon. Piney Point Thomas Point Cove Point Fog's Point Fort Carroll Pungoteague Bogue Bank Concord P o i n t . . . . » Greenbury Point White Shoals Point of Shoals Deep W a t e r Shoals Jordan's Point. No. of reflector lamps removed. .oa..... 15 10 14 11 11 15 , 10 13 11 10 New. New. New. 9 9 New. New. New. New. - The most of these old light stations would very shortly require new lamps and reflectors if lenses had not been substituted. The steamers' lenses and masthead lanterns have been found to answer all the purposes of navigation in their localities, and are as effectual aids as the reflector lamps.' 11. The saving per cent, of oil, wicks, chimneys, &c., in lights where lenses have been substituted for the reflecting apparatus is very great, as will be seen by the following comparative table, showing in each case the number of lamps replaced by the different orders of lenses at four light stations in this district. These will serve as a good average for all such. Illuminating Apparatus. Consumption of Oil.^: Saving per cent. Remarks, & date of triaL Name of station. Old. Cape H a t t e r a s . Smith's Point . 15 15 New. Old lamps. New lamps. Oil. 1st order 4th order 32 gills . 1 0 | gills Plus u l t r a . 68 3-4 Wicks & chimn'ys 93 1-3 6th, 7th & Sth A u g . , 1855. Valve . . . . 10 gills 68 3-4 93 1-3 Same. Same. 7 gills Fountain . 78 1-8 Cove P o i n t . . . . 11 5th order 27 gills . 4 gills . . . . d o . . . . 85 "9*0"*°' 20th and 22d June,1855. 9th and I2th Concord Point. 9 S t ' r lens 24 gills . 79 1-6 90 5 gills ' . . . . d o . . . . M a y , .1855. Point of Shoals New Masth'd Mo. M a y , ' 5 5 . lens . . . 3 gills Com. bowl REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 361 12. The present condition of light-house towers, dwellings, lightvessels, and beacons, (with one or two exceptions,) in this district is very superior, and none inferior, as compared with their. condition when takeii charge of by the inspector. 13. The present condition of the beaconage, buoyage, and stakeage of the different channels, harbors, bays, rivers, &c., &c., is in every respect superior to what it was formerly. The buoyage of the whole district is now nearly perfect as to numbers, classes, and distinctions, under the present system of buoys. 14. G-reat improvements have been made in nearly all the old aids to navigation in this district, and especially in the introduction of new and better illuminating apparatus in many of the lights, placing of new lanterns, and repairs to towers and buildings. > Several improved illuminating apparatus have been put on board light-vessels, and all the vessels.are in good repair, or undergoing repairs. The buoyage and stakeage of the channels, and of obstructions to navigation, lias been particularly attended to in this district. The system of coloring, numbering, and distinguishing the buoys, beacons, day-marks, &c., adopted by the board and based upon the act of Congress, has been scrupulously executed. In buoying out localities where recent surveys have been made, the buoyage has been adapted to the wants of the navigator as indicated by the chart, regulating their numbers, flxing the class, &c., by their actual waiits only, and disj)ensing with all unnecessary aids of this description, as useless buoys are calculated to mislead the mariner. The buoys have been regularly removed for cleaning, painting, and nurnbering, newly painted and numbered ones being put in their places. In all cases of casualties to the buoys, arising from gales, ice, freshets, &c., the damage has been promptly repaired. A strict accountability of the public property has been rigidly enforced, and returns exacted regularly, in conforraity to the regulations. Eespectfully submitted, , A. M. PENNOCK, Light-house Inspector, Fifith District. Commander T. A. JENKINS, and Capt. E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Secretaries Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 13. WiLMiNGTOisr, N. C , September 26, 1855. GENTLEMEN : In obedience to the order transmitted with your letter of the 5th of June last, I have the honor to make the following report: 1. Of renovations, repairs, &c., of light-houses, light-vessels, and beacons, made since the 1st July, 1854, in the respective districts. 362 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. I will flrst speak of new works. '^For a small beacon-light on or near the point of Cape HatteraSj $1,500.'^ This appropriatidn was obtained, partly, on my recommendation. I have not myself taken any steps towards the erection of the beacon, and do not know whether anything has been done or not. If not, I am willing to undertake the work. I can attend to it without serious inconvenience, as other duties will take me to that neighborhood. A harbor light-house and a beacon light on the eastern point of Bogue Banks were erected during the past winter and spring and lighted, in accordance with a printed notice on the 20th of May last. . The harbor light consists of a fourth order lens, flfty feet above the sea, surmounting a tower made of excellent bricks. The beacon is lighted by a small lens, thirty feet above the sea, supported by a wooden frame. The beacon is about one-fourth of a mile from the harbor light. The two range with the outer buoy on the main bar and afford, easy access to the harbor by night. ^'For a small beacon light on Federal Point, Cape Fear river. Since this appropriation was made the tow boats on the river have increased to three in number, and a fourth is now building. Their captains are much in the habit of running by night; and they now insist that the light-vessel, which it was proposed to dispense with, is highly useful in following the channel above New Inlet to Orton Point. It will, therefore, perhajos, be best to let this vessel remain as long as she lasts, and then adopt some cheaper substitute? ^^Light-house on the upper jettee of Cape Fear river.'' The balance left of this appropriation, $5,610 93, when the present Light-house Board was organized, was. hardly sufficient for the intended object. To accomplish the same end, in a more efficient and economical manner, a substitute has been proposed and approved, viz: a range of lights on the eastern bank of the Cape Fear river, two and a half miles below Wilmington, running about flfty yards outside the upper jettee and along the channel, one mile below the jettee and one and a half mile above. After considerable delay a site has been purchased, the title duly investigated and approved, and the dwelling-house, which is also the front beacon, has been framed, and will soon be erected. '^Two beacons or range lights on South Island Point, and one beacon or ' range light on North Island, Georgetown Inlet, South Carolina.'' I have surveyed the required sites, marked them off upon the ground, and invited proposals from the owners, but have not been able to obtain any satisfactory offers. The owner of the least valuable site. North Island, demands |1,000 for any tract, however small. The proposed.beacons would be highly useful to the navigation of Georgetown Inlet, as they would render the harbor easily accessible by night. But the appropriation already made, $5,000, is not more than half large enough. ^^Light-house to mark the shoals off Cape Eoman." isiSiaiittiMiHaHHM^ REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 363 The impossibility of obtaining a good title to any portion of Cape Eoman Island, in any reasonable time, if at all, and other considerations, induced the Light-house Board to direct the new light to be placed in the immediate vicinity of the old. The plan has been presented and approved, temporary quarters have been erected for the workmen, materials have been collected, and the foundations of the tower are now being laid. ^^Eebuilding beacons on Morris Island." On the site ofthe old back beacon a new keeper's house was erected last spring. The light, two reflectors on top of this house, and a similar light about nine hundred feet in rear, on a wooden frame, put up in May and June, 1854, now constitute the OveraU beacons, mainly useful, I believe, in flnding the outer bar of the north channel. ^^For rebuilding the two beacons on Sullivan's Island, and for building a keeper's house." The two beacons have been rebuilt during the past summer. They consist of two stationary reflectors each, in enclosed lanterns, on the top of open wooden frames. . No keeper's house has been built or purchased. Title, it is believed, can be obtained only from the legislature of the State. . '^ Permanent beacon to range with Charleston light, &c." This work I hope to attend to in connexion with the intended change in the Charleston light. No new site will be required. For a light-house and beacon light at North Edisto - $15,000 For a light-house and beacon light at Hunting island 30,000 For a light-house and beacon light at Hilton head 10,000 For two beacoiis to serve as a range to Callibogue sound 5,000 The sites required for these various lights and beacons were surveyed and marked off in February last, and at the same time the owners were invited to state their prices. The terms demanded were, in all cases, high beyond all precedent, in one case equal to the whole appropriation. Under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, the governor of South Carolina was requested to. appoint three commissioners to value the sites in question, in pursuance of a recent law of the State of South Carolina having special relation to these sites. Two of the commissioners visited the several localities in July last, the third being then unwell. The report ofthe majority, I have been informed by one of the eommissioners, will be made immediately. ^^Light-house and beacon light at the mouth of the St. John's, Florida.'^ I t has not been practicable hitherto to obtain a title of the required site. The United States attorney of Florida has the matter in hand, under instructions from the Treasury Department, and will doubtless obtain the desired title as soon as the great difficulties of the case will permit. Repairs. Between July 1, 1854, and the present date, nearly all the lighthouses in this district have been two or three times more or less repaired. 364 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The operations have generally been slight, consisting of repainting, and here and there soldering the lantern sheet copper domes, which, to be kept water-tight, require this attention at least twice a year, glazing the -towers and houses, painting the iron work around the lanterns, &c. In some cases dwelling houses and towers have been whitewashed, and the woodwork of the houses painted, the shingling repaired, the foundations and other |)arts repaired, &c. The summer house at Bull's bay light, erected in May, 1854, much injured by the storm of September, 1854, has been repaired. Two day beacons have been erected at the south end of St. Cathe-' line's island, Georgia, ranging with the outer bar. A wooden breakwater has been erected for the protection of Wolf island beacons, Georgia. At Ocracoke light a 4th order lens, flxed, has been substituted for the 21-inch reflectors. At Georgetown light a 4th order lens has been substituted for eleven 14-inch reflectors. ^ At Sapelo island light a 4th order lens has been substituted for flfteeri 15-inch reflectors. At St. Augustine light a 4th order revolving light has been substituted for ten 14-inch reflectors. At the Price's creek beacons two 6th order lenses have been substituted for sixteen 14-inch reflectors. Light-vessels. A new, well equipped, and beautiful vessel has been placed off Eattlesnake shoal, Charleston, South Carolina. The four old vessels have been repaired, one of them, Martin's Industry, i3retty extensively, but not under my charge. A fog-bell has been recently erected at Oak Island beacons, and will probably be useful. 2. ^^Of the buoyage, beaconage and stakeage of channels, as completed under the present system." On the Cape Fear, one new position only has been occupied—at the turn of a new channel over Horse-shoe Shoal, opposite Price's Creek beacons. The old buoys have been kept up everywhere except on the main bar, which has not been used for two years. A new channel has been buoyed out at Georgetown Inlet, called the Bottle channel. All the old positions are occupied. Maffit's, or the beach channel, was buoyed out last summer, for the flrst time—3 buoys—and Lieutenant Morris has recently buoyed out the steamboat channel from Charleston to Sullivan's Island—4 buoys. All th^ old positions at Charleston harbor, I believe, are occupied. Many new buoys are required on the Atlantic coast between Charles-ton and St. Augustine, but I cannot speak deflnitely about them. 3. ^^Of the general condition of the different branches of thelighthouse service at the date of the report." There has been a general improvement, I think, throughout this district, and in every branch pf the sefvice, '^ under the present sys- REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 365 t e m . " This is due, among other causes, to the frequent inspections, to the printed instructions of the Light-house Board, and to the prompt removal of the keepers, without a single exception, whenever the inspector has complained of them. Six have been removed on my recommendation. , On the Cape Fear the lights at the present time are better kept, and the buoys are in better condition, than I have ever known theni to be before. The same remark, I believe, may be made of the whole district; but my information as to points .beyond Charleston is not recent. 4. ^''Of rebuilding, renovations, and extensive repairs required during the next flscal year, with estimates of cost of each aid specified." I have but one such work to recommend, viz: a new dwelling-house for the keepers of Charleston light. The present house is very old, and not flt to live in. 'Estimate for a new dwelling-house for the keeper of Charleston light and his assistant, in place of the present very old dwelling, $4,000. The estimate may seem to be large, but a liberal allowance must be made for land transportation. I do not wish to speak decidedly of- any places beyond Charleston. I feel quite sure, however, that there is nowhere any imniediate necessity for extensive repairs or rebuilding. Some of the items under the following number (5) might perhaps more appropriately have come here. 5. ^' Of all adclitional aids required to render navigation safe and easy in the respective localities, with an estimate of the cost of each in detail." Bald Head light occupies a very important situation; it has long been complained of, and may be greatly improved by the substitution of a third order lens larger model, 360^, for the present apparatus. And to distinguish tnis light under all circumstances from Federal Point light I should recommend a flxed light, varied by flashes. Estimate. Illuminating apparatus and revolving machinery Alterations in the lantern and the top of the tower Contingencies _ _ _ Total - - - - ~ - - - - $4,000 500 50O - 5,000 For a third order revolving lens light to take the place of the present inefficient apparatus at Bald Head, $5,000. I do not renew the recommendation made two years ago for a new first class light on the point of Cape Fear, but will remark that if the Board contemplates the erection of such a light within a few years, it will not be expedient now to make the above mentioned 366 ' REPORT ON THE FINANCES. changes in the old light. In this latter event I recommend for tho present a third order fixed light, smaller model, for the old tower. Estimate, $1,500. As already intended, the appropriation for Georgetown Inlet is quite too small for the important objects proposed. Estimate. For one beacon on North Island and its illuminating apparatus $1,500 Do. South Island do. do. 1,800 For a keeper's house and beacon on South Island - 4,000 For the purchase of two sites _ _ 2,000 Contingencies - - 700 Total - - - - - - - - - - 10,000 For three beacons on South and North Island Points, Georgetown inlet, and for a keeper's house, in addition to the $5,000 appropriated August 31, 1852, $5,000. Estimate fior a first order lens fior Charleston light, to be lighted simultaneously with the new light at Cape Roman. First order lens, fixed, illuminating 2*70° Changes in the lantern and top ofthe tower Eepairs of the tower Contingencies Total _ - . . - $8,000 1,500 500 1,000 00 00 00 00 - 11^000 00 For a first order fixed lens, to take the place of the present revolving apparatus at Charleston light, and for a new dwelling-house, $15,000. ^ ^' Eebuilding beacons on Morris Island." The keeper's house having been destroyed by the storm of September, 1854, the Light-house Board authorized the use of $2,500 from the appropriation of $6,000 for Sullivan's Island beacons, &c. The keeper's house, which is also the front beacon, has been erected, and to refund the loan I recommend— For a keeper's house on Morris Island, to take the place of the old house, destroyed by the September storm of 1854, the appropriation of $2,500. The appropriation of August 3,1854, viz: For Hilton Head $10,000, for Callibogue sound $5,000, after paying for the sites, can hardly be sufficient for the proposed objects ; but in our present ignorance of the cost of the sites I forbear to recommend any additional appropriations. Passing by Savannah river, I renew the recommendation made in my last annual report of a beacon near Sapelo light, to range with that light and the outer bar, or some interior place in the channel. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 367 When the dwelling house and front beacon of the Wolf Island range wash away an equivalent range may be erected in a situation less exposed. (See enclosed chart.) Estimate for a beacon light on the south point of Sapelo Island, Georgia, to range with the?Sapelo light and the bar or channel, $1,500. Amelia Island light.—The entrance to St. Mary's will be greatly facilitated by two ranges. Estimate. For a beacon to range with the Amelia Island light and the outer bar For causeway or bridge over the marsh leading thereto For two beacon lights and a dwelling house at the north front of Amelia Island - $1,500 00 500 00 5,000 00 7,000 00 For three beacons to facilitate the entrance to St. Mary's river, Georgia, $7,000. 6. ^^ Of changes of locations and characteristic distinctions of existing aids." The only immediate changes which I propose have been already noticed, viz: Bald Head light, now fixed, to be made fixed varied by flashes. Chaiieston light, now revolving, to be made flxed. 7. ^^ Of all useless aids to navigation." I do not know of any useless aids in this district. 8. ^^What advantages have been derived by the introduction of lenses in place of reflectors in old and new light-houses?" Greatly increased efficiency and diminished annual expenses in every case. At one light only. Cape Hatteras, have the keepers been increased in number. There a very inefficient light, visible -generally in clear weather only, has .been changed to a lens light of thefirst order, visible at great distance in almost any weather, usually described by navigators as the '^ greatest light in the world." 9. ^^ What advantages are derived from the introduction of reflectors and of Costan lamps in light-vessels ?" Floating lights before the change were often invisible in pretty good weather until the navigator got within a few hundred yards, sometimes near enough to make out the hull ofthe vessel. The reflectors, under the same circumstances, are invisible several miles, and visible, in all weather nearly as far as similar reflectors at the same elevation on land. . 10. ^'What number of the different orders of lens lights have been introduced since October, 1852, and the number of reflector lamps removed from old lights, and which would have been required for new ones had the reflector system been continued?" 368 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 1st orcler I. At Hatteras light 4th order 1. At Body's Island light 4th order 1. At Ocracoke light fth 1st 4th 4th 4th ^^fi^ order order order order 1* 2. 1. 1. 1. 15 21-inch reflectors removed. 14 do. do. do. 10 do. do. do. [ -^^ eastern point of Bogue Banks. At Price's Creek beacon 16 14-inch At Georgetown light II do. At Sapelo Island 15 15-inch At StI Augustine 10 14-inch 91 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Introduced—1 1st order ; 6 4th order ; 3 6th order. 11. ^^ What percentage of oil and other supjilies for lights is now saved by the substitution of lenses for reflectors, so far as the changes have been made in the old and new lights?"This question I can answer only in part, for since the changes were made in this district the quarterly returns have not been made to me. Comparing the flrst quarter of 1854—Price's Creek beacons—with the flrst quarter of 1855, I obtain the following statement: First quarter, 1854. First quarter, 1855. Percentage saved. 10 lamps. 2 6th order lenses. Oil consuraed, gallons . . . Wicks consumed, dozens. 69 7^ 19| 72-100 nearly 82-100 In 1853 I dismounted three lamps in each of these beacons, flnding them to shine only upon the land. The comparison is, therefore, between ten reflectors and two lenses. The proportionate consumption of oil for sixteen reflectors W(mld have been 110 fio gallons, and the per centage saved -T^Q. A S it is, the oil saved (198 gallons) is nearly enough to pay the salary of the keeper. At Ocracoke, Georgetown, Sapelo, and St. Augustine, where lenses have been substituted for reflectors, the per centage of oil, wicks, and chimneys saved has, I am satisfled, been more than -1^0-. 12. ^'What the jiresent condition of the light-house towers, dwellings, light-vessels, and beacons on the coast, as compared with their condition at the time when they were taken charge of, respectively, • by the present inspectors and engineers?" No extensive repairs of towers and dwellings have been made during the period in question. They have not required it. These structures are now, however, I think, in much better order, and more neatly kept, than they were in 1852. The light-vessels have been more extensively repaired, and their general condition is greatly improved. 13. ^^ What the present state of beaconage, buoyage, and stakeage of the different channels', harbors, &c., compared with the condition of this branch of the service at the time the present officers entered upon their duties?" A great improvement has, I think, been made in this branch of the service. REPORT ON THE FINANCES.. ' 369 Many new buoys have been placed, and lost buoys have been replaced more promptly than they fornierly were. ^^ General remarks, having a reference to the gradual improvement of all the old aids to navigation, and to an efficient, economical, and systematical management ofthe light-house service." There is great room for improvement in all the branches of the :service. While I was inspector of the district I was never able to obtain a complete set of quarterly returns, and for that reason never forwarded a consolidated return to the board, though such returns were regularly made out. Many of the keepers are very ignorant and illiterate—some of them are unable to read. Under present circumstances nothing but a quarterly inspection can secure proper returns and complete accountability of the keepers. More light-house districts seem to me to be necessary; the 6tli district would be amply large without including any portion of the Cape Fear Lights or buoys. A general increase of salaries—say from $400 to $500 a year— would secure, without doubt, a more intelligent and more reliable clas's of men for keepers. For the gradual improvement of the ^^old aids to navigation," I respectfully recommend the following additional changes in this district, to be provided for now or at some future day, as may suit the convenience of the service. Federal Point light, in placing 10 13-inch reflectors, a 4th lens, 360^ $1,000 Oak Island beacon, in placing 20 14-incli reflectors, 2 5th lenses, 270°..... 1,200 Orton Point light, in.placing 5 14-inch reflectors, a 5th lens, 2250 500 Big Island light, in placing 6 14-incli reflectors, a 5th lens, 225° 500 Georgetown light, in placing a 4th lens, 360^. 1,000 Tybee, in placing 15 15-inch reflectors, a 2d lens, 360^ 6,000 Tybee beacon, in placing 8 14-inch reflectors, a 5th lens, 270° 600 St. Simons, in placing 9 14-inch reflectors, 3d (s. m.) lens, 360O (?) 1,500 Little Cumberland, in placing 15 15-inch reflectors, 4th (E) lens, 360O ^ .^ 1,000 Amelia Island light, in placing 14 12-inch reflectors, 3d E. (s. m.) lens, 360° 2,000 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. p . WOODBUEY, , Capt. Engineers. Captain T. A. JENKINS, U . S . N . , Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, U . S. N . , Secretaries ofi the LigM-house Board, Washington, D. C. 24 370 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. APPENDIX No. 14. LiGHT-HousE INSPECTOR'S O F F I C E , Charleston, September 29, 1855. SIR: I n obedience to your orders of June 5, I herewith submit my report and answers to the questions contained in the circular issued May 29, 1855: Question 1. Of renovations, repairs, &c., of light-houses, light-vessels and beacons made since the flrst of July, 1854, in the respective districts. The repairs of all light-houses and dwellings have been made by the engineers of this district, except such slight repairs as the carpenter and armorer of the tender have made during my term of inspection. The light vessel on the Knoll, Savannah river, has had a light storm deck put on her, and the St. Helena light-vessel is now undergoing extensive repairs. 2. Of the bupyage, beaconage and stakeage of channels, &c., ascompleted on the present system. Since my appointment as inspector, I have had all the buoys properly arranged in the following places, viz: the river and bars of Cape Fear, Georgetown bars, the slue channel in Cape Eoman shoals, t h e bar at Bull's bay; all the channels and harbor of Charleston; the Savannah river bar, Doboy bar, St. John's river and bar as far up as Jacksonville, and the bar of St. Augustine. 3. Of the general condition of the different branches of the lighthouse service at the date of the report. I consider them much improved and more complete. 4. Of rebuilding, renovations and extensive repairs required during the next flscal year, with estimates of the cost of each aid specifled. In answer to this, I would recommend a new dwelling house for the Charleston light, as the present one is. very much decayed; a new stairway for the Tybee beacon; a cistern for the. Sapelo light, and a new dwelling for the St. John's river light-house. I would also advise putting a new storm deck and a new light on the light-vessel Millard Fillmore, stationed at the Horse Shoe, Cape Fear river. She will require caulking and recoppering, or perhaps only patching. I think to put her in complete order will require $1,000. 5. Of all additional aids required to render navigation safe and easy in the respective localities; with an estimate of cost of each in detail. In answer to this, I would recommend building a small beacon light (to cost $1,500) at Haddrell's Point, in Charleston harbor, for the use of the Sullivan's Island steamers running at night; also the rebuilding of the Cockspur Island beacon light, blown down in the September gale of 1854. This light is important to guide vessels into a safe anchorage in northeasterly gales; also a range light to be placed in Savannah, to range with the Fig Island light. This is important 'to guide vessels at night up to, and through the channel by the wrecks. I t might be made the same size and cost as the one intended for the Battery at Charleston. A t present the pilots have a red light placed REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 371 in one of the street lamps, which can only be seen under favorable circumstances. I would also recommend a bell buoy-boat for the Savannah river bar. At Doboy bar I would recommend a small bea con, (to cost $1,000,) to be placed in range with the Sapelo light, as a range i i g h t to come into the sound clear of the north breakers. I would also advise for this bar a bell buoy-boat. The commerce is rapidly increasing, and over 300 vessels have used this bar during the past year. At the St. Mary's bar I would recommend a range beacon to range with the Amelia Island light, and two small beacons on the north point of Amelia Island, near the fort,, to be a guide for vessels to haul up round the southern point of North Shoals for the entrance of the harbor, or in place of these beacons, a small light vess el, such as the St. Helena light-vessel, might be placed inside the bar opposite the south point of North Shoals, and in range with the light-house over the bar; and also mark the turning point in the c^p.annel. For the bar of the St. John's river I would recommend a bell buoy-boat; for the river itself, a small light vessel of 30 tons (to cost $2,500) at Dame's Point. At Piney Point, Cookoo Point, and Nine Mile Point, I would recommend light-houses to be built, about forty feet high, with fifth order lens. These houses might be built with light and keeper's dwelling together, and will probably cost $4,000 each. The three last points which have been mentioned are between Jacksonville and Paiatka, where the river is very wide in places, and difficult to navigate at night. There are five mail steamers running on this river, besides a large number of vessels going up for lumber. To stake out this channel properly, I will require $2,000. When the mills on this river are in operation, it requires 600 vessels of from 9 to 13 feet draught to take the lumber, and by these additional aids, the navigation ofthe river will bc'inade easy 100 miles from the entrance. 6. Of changes of locations and characteristic distinctions of existing aids. I know of none required at present. . 7. Of all useless aids to navigation, with the best disposition to be made in each case. There are none such in this district. 8. What advantages have been derived from the introduction of lenses in place of reflectors in old and new light-houses. There have been no such substitutions made since my appointment as inspector, except the North Island light, too recently put up to allow me to judge. For answers to questions 9, 10, and 11, inclusively, I would respectfully refer the board to Captain Woodbury, as there have been no changes in lights since my appointment as inspector. 12. W h a t the present condition of the light-house towers, dwellings, light-vessels, and beacons, on the coast, as compared with their condition at the time when they were taken charge of respectively by the present inspector and engineers. They are much improved, extensive repairs having been made. ^-..-vp w ' 72 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 13. What the present state of the beaconage, buoyage, and stakeage, of the different channels, harbors, &c., as compared with t h e condition of this branch of the service at the time the present 'officers entered upon their duties. In answer to this question, I would say, that I have made all such changes and additions as I deemed necessary, and in consequence of the additional buoys furnished by the Light-house Board, I think the system more complete. 14. General remarks, having reference to the gradual improvement •of all the old aids to navigation, and to an efficient, economical, and ...systematical management ofthe light-house service. i would propose the following aids for the improvement of iiaviga'"tion, viz., the introduction of lens lights at the following light-houses •'.and beacons in the district: At Federal Point, a fourth order lens, Mighting the horizon 360°; at Cape Fear light, a second order lens, 'flighting the horizon for 360°; at the Oak Island beacons, two sixth "Order lenses, lighting 260° each; at Price's Creek, a sixth order lens, lighting up 360°, to be placed dn the outer beacon in place of the present one, which lights 260°; at the Horse-shoe Shoal light vessel,. ;a reflector light, in place of the present lantern; at Bull's Bay, a fourth order lens of 300°; at the Charleston light, a flrst order lens of 3 6 0 ° ; at the Charleston beacon, the sixth order lens now at Price's. 'Creek outer beacon, which lights 260°; at the Tybee light, a flrst order lens of 300°, and a flfth order lens of 180° for Tybee beacon; at the Oyster Beds beacon, a flfth order lens of 260°; at Sapelo, a third order lens; at St. Simons, the lens light now at Sapelo; at Little ^Cumberland, a fourth order lens of 360°; at Amelia Island, a third order lens of 360°, and sixth order lenses for all the beacons proposed; at St. Johns bar, a second order lens. At all the'lights mentioned, the lamps and reflectors are generally old and much woYn. " ' I find it impossible to perform all my duties as inspector with the present tender. The district embraces a large extent of coast, with the bars and inlets quite numerous, and exposed to the sea. When there is sufficient wind to sail out to the bar, the sea is so rough as to make it difficult to approach the buoys. In light airs, or calms, it is ^'difficult for the schooner to approach them, as the currents are all *quite strong. I would respectfully request a small steam propeller, as it would -enable me to perform all my duties more effectually. I think that the additional expense would he fully compensated for by the beneflts "to be derived. I think a suitable propeller might be obtained for •x^bout|15,000. During the summer I have made a tour of inspection, and in that time have had but four hours of fair wind. I have lost so much time by head winds that it has been impossible to complete all the ' work I wished. W i t h a small j)ropeller, drawing from seveii to eight feet water, I REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 37S feel confident that all the bars, inlets, and rivers of this district might be kept fully and properly buoyed. Eespectfully, your obedient servant, C. MANIGAULT MOEEIS, Light-house Inspector, Sixth District. Lieutenant T. A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 15. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, Octoberl^, 1855. SIR: I have the honor to report on the different heads enumerated in the circular sent to me with your letter of the 5th of June last, so> far as appertains to my duties on the light-house service. No. 1. ^^Eenovations,.repairs, &c., of light-houses, light-vesselsy. beacons, &c." Under Lieutenant Newton's charge, the lamps and reflectors ofthe beacon opposite Cockspur Island, on the White Oyster bed,have been restored; the roof and plastering ofthe keeper's houseat Tybee light repaired, and the keeper's house on Cockspur Island.' rebuilt since July 1, 1854. Since resuming the charge of the works at this city, I have built three day beacons—two on Elba Island, Savannah river, and one on the northern bank of the river—as marks for vessels when passing over the ^^Horse-shoe" and ^^Pumpkin" Bank, and made extensive repairs^ to the light-house on the eastern point of Fig Island, embracing the.^ following items: renewing the foundations; ,re-embanking the dikes;: . enclosing the premises; renewing the timber platforms around thehouse; repairing the roof; relaying a large part of the .flooring which was much decayed; erecting a suitable frame-work for the support of a fog-bell; replastering the rooms; repainting the exterior of t h e house and casings of windows, doors, &c; repairing lantern; supplying defective fastenings for doors and windows, also locks for t h e doors, and rebuilding the small pile wharf which had been entirely destroyed by the gale of September, 1854. I have also taken measurcB^ for the reconstruction and repair of the beacon light for south channel of Savannah river at Cockspur Island. ' No. 2. ^^Of the buoyage, beaconage," &c. Two small day beacons—one on Long Island, and one on Jones' Island, Savannah r i v e r are desired by the pilots, and would add facilities for navigating t h e river. They could be built for about $300 each=$600. No. 4. ^^Of rebuilding, renovations and extensive repairs,".&c. 1. The beacon light for south channel of Savannah river at Cockspur Island to be rebuilt on the same foundations, enlarged. The cost wili be about $6,000. Detailed estimates will be furnished as soon as t h e plans can be perfected. 2. A brick foundation should bo built under the keeper's house on Cockspur Island, to make it more comfortable in winter, and a small frame kitchen added. These additions can be made for $450. No. 5. / ' O f ' a l l additional aids required," &c., 1. A light ship tO" 374 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. be placed where the outer buoy is anchored on the bar of the Savannah river. A suitable one could be built probably vdth all the flxtures, anchors, chains, &c., for $20,000; but I have not the means of making a reliable estimate. The inner buoy to be replaced by a larger one. 3. A harbor beacon on 'Hhe bay," city of Savannah, as an aid to vessels approaching the city at night. I would propose the erection of a cast iron column 25 feet high, surmounted with a lantern similar to the street lanterns of a city, but much larger, and with red lights. The column should be enclosed with a suitable railing, for protection. The cost would be about $2,000. If desired by the board, the mayor of Savannah will make application at once to the legislature of Georgia for the grant of jurisdiction, &c., and the city will give the land necessary for the purpose. No. 14. The inspector of lights for this district can report more satisfactorily under this head than I can. I will simply remark that, as a local matter, special attention should be given as to small boats used in passing to and from a light-house situated as the beacon light 'on the white Oyster Bed is. The passage between Cockspur Island and the beacon is an exposed one, and for safety the boat should be a good sea boat. The keeper informs me that one is much needed at this time. Having many works committed to my charge by the engineer department, which have much occupied my time and thoughts for the past three or four months, I accidentally overlooked the circular of the board, calling for a report from me by the 1st instant. I must therefore offer this as my excuse for failing to render the requested report by the time specified. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J.. F . GILMEE, Captain ofi Engineers. Lieutenant THORNTON A. JENKINS, Seo'-etary to Light-house Board, Washington City. APPENDIX No. 16. UNITED STATES SCHOONER FLORIDA, Key West, October —, 1855. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following answers to the questions propounded by the board: Ques. 2. Ofthe buoyage, beaconage and stakeage of channels so far as completed on the present systeni. Ans. Buoys have been planted at Tampa, from the outer bars up to Gadsden's Point, 30 miles. ' ^ The channel from Oyster bar to the town of Tampa, staked out with four-inch scantling, five miles. Buoy placed on the ,bar at Manatee river and post bank staked out. Buoys from the Gulf stream, and from the Gulf of Mexico, into the harbor of Key West, arranged in the proper position. . Eeef channel has been examined thoroughly, for - ' REPORT ON THE FIl^ANCES. 375 the purpose of being buoyed out from Cape Florida to Key West, 160 miles. Ques. 3. Of the general condition of the different branches of the light-house service at the date of report. Ans. Good, and I am happy to say improving. Ques. 4. Of rebuilding, renovations and extensive repairs required during the next fiscal year, with estimates of cost of each aid specified. Ans. The tower at Tortugas should be raised 10 feet; a new tower ;at Egmont Key, Tampa Bay; dwelling at Key West in want of repairs, $100 required. Ques. 5. Of all additional aids required to render navigation safe, and easy in the respective localities, &c. Ans. Light-houses required on Alligator reef, Indian river, Jupiter and Hillsboro'; a day beacon on Sea-Horse key; and a bell buoy on Eebecca shoal; twenty stakes for Cedar Key channel; twenty for Manatee river, $30 per stake. Ques. 8, What advantages have been derived by the introduction, of lenses in place of reflectors, &c. Ans. Greater power, consequently greater range; economy of oil. Ques. 10. W h a t numbers of the different orders of lens lights have "been introduced since October, 1852, &c. Ans. Three of the 1st order, and two of the 4th. Ques. 11. W h a t per centage of oil and other supplies for lights is now saved by the substitution of lenses for reflectors, &c. Ans. There being no data in the oflice, I cannot form an estimate. Ques. 12. W h a t the present condition of the light-houses, towers, dwellings, &c., as compared with their condition at the time when they were taken charge of respectively by the present inspectors and engineers. Ans. Cleaner, and in better order. Ques. 13. W h a t the present state of the beaconage, buoyage,and .stakeage ofthe different channels, harbors, &c., compared to the condition of this branch of the service at the time the present officer entered upon the duties. , Ans. Infinitely•*better. The Key West and Northwest Passage buoys had been planted, but not one marked right or in the proper place. No buoys or stakes had been planted in Tampa or Manatee. I cannot press upon the board with too much zeal the necessity of a light-house on Alligator reef; four vessels have been wrecked there, ^and in the neighborhood, in the last four months ; when, if there had been a light, the vessels could have rounded the point of reef and come to in a good roadstead, in from six to three fathoms. Alligator reef has from two to six fathoms water on it; lies off Indian Key, distant •about six miles. Indiaii Key was occupied as a naval depot during the Florida war, -and has a fine roadstead. I have rode out many gales of wind here, •and the schooner Wave rode out the hurricane of 1842, which hurricane placed in great jeopardy the Sand Key light-house, blowing down the dwelling and washing away a great part of the island. I mention the above facts to show that with a good light it could be 376 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. made a harbor of refuge, besides warning the mariner of this danger"^ OUS reef * ^ ^ - ^ • * ^ • Eelative to a light on St. Martin's reef, whilst on the westerii coast I was unable to get a pilot for the reef; consequently, my examination, was too slight to form an opinion. I have consulted with some of the principal traders on that part of the coast, and they do not consider a light necessary, and if there was one, it would be of no use in entering the many little rivers where they go for lumber, (cedar.) I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^ M. CAEEINGTON WATKINS, Lieutenant U. S. N., Inspector ^th District. • Com'd T. A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board. APPENDIX No. 17. FORT JEFFERSON, FLORIDA, September 23, 1835. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the 15th August, requesting an estimate for a light-house and keeper's dwelling, which it is proposed to erect at this place, and to send herewith two estimates, with a sketch showing the projects on which they are based. Your instructions indicated the height without fixing the other important dimensions. This has perplexed me very much, as I do not know and have no means of ascertaining what experience has shown to be suitable in regard to convenience and stability for the upper and lower diameters, and the thickness of the walls for a tower so much higher than our ordinary structures. But should any of the dimeii• sions I have assumed not meet the approval of the board, the estimates may be readily modified to suit the necessary changes, as an analysis ofthe costs ofthe principal items of masonry is appended. A sufficient foundation being all important to the stability of the tower, I have endeavored to make one that shallTfulfill all the necessary conditions. It is proposed to first lay a grillage, as shown on the sketch, the top of which shall be on-a level of those in the bastions of the fort, and being always under water is secured from decay. On this rests the foundation three feet high, with a batter of two feet on each side. The outlines of the grillage and foundation are made polygonal, instead of circular, for convenience of setting the curbing for the concrete. With such a foundation the pressure on the bed will be, for project No. 1, a little over 36 cubic feet to the square foot, a pressure shown by experiments made here to be admissible, as the settlement under nearly twice the weight, at a point not far distant from the probable location.of the tower, did,not exceed three-fourths of an inch. If the grillage is not used, an additional and equivalent spread must be given to the masonry of the foundation, which must go down to the water to secure it from being undermined by rats and crabs. There being nothing in your instructions relative to the kind of REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 377 materials to be used for the masonry, I have assumed the foundations ofthe tower to be entirely of concrete, and the walls of concrete faced inside and out with hard burned Pensacola or Mobile bricks, the facing being, employed as better resisting the action of the sea air than the concrete. The bond assumed for this facing is the same as is now used ori the fort, and is represented on the sketch. I am disposed to believe that the mortar for both brickwork ancl concrete should be made of cement and sand, without any admixture of lime, and in the proportion of two parts of the latter to one of the former in powder. The voids in the sand being about one-third, and the shrinkage of the cement about one quarter when reduced to paste, the latter will a little more than suffice to fill the voids of the former when mixed in the above proportions. Experience here has shown that lime mortar does not fully resist the action of the atmosphere, and therefore should not be relied upon. A mixture of, say, equal parts of lime and cement, might answer ; but as the cement, without the lime, is unquestionably better, and its cost not much more, it should be preferred. Pensacola or Mobile bricks are mentioned, because it has been decided, after careful examination, to use them for the fort. Their cost is greater than northern bricks, owing principally to higher freights; but as it is believed they will resist the action of the sea air, whilst many kinds of northern bricks are known to yield, it is thought to be economy to use them. Should it be deemed best to build the tower entirely of bricks, all except those in the exposed parts should be obtained from the New York market, from considerations of economy. An important item of cost, and one not easily estimated for with accuracy, is raising the materials for so high a tower. When the ordinary nieans of hodding them is employed, it is know that the cost increases rapidly after the structure is carried above a medium elevation.. For this work they may be hoisted, but this process will be a slow one, owing to the want of room for more than a single derrick, and will probably be found inadequate unless steam power be employed.. There is a small steam engine now in use here which may be avail-^ able for this purpose, and which will raise easily from 1,500 to 2,000^ pounds with rapidity enough to supply all the niaterials for the work.. No allowance is made for expense of storage of cement and other materials, for shelter of workmen or transporting workmen to this place, as most, if not all of these may be avoided by putting the work under the control of the officer in charge of the fort. Nor have I put in the estimate of the cost of the stairs for the tower, as I presume you can determine it accurately from the information in your office, whilst I can give only a conjectural sum. In other respects, the estimates embrace all the important items I can think of. Not having the dimensions of any similar structure at hand to refer to, for determining the proper dimensions of the tower, I have made the calculations for the stability of the two projects in which I have made use of the following data, and assumed that the greatest force to be resisted is that of the hurricanes which are occasionally experienced on this coast: Any diameter that will fulfil the considerations of stability and 378 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. economy may be taken for the lower base, whilst the minimum, and probably the best one for the top will be deterniined by the size of the lantern required for a first class Fresnel apparatus. The exterior diameters of top and bottom have been assumed at 15 and 30 feet; the height above foundation takeii at 146 feet, which brings the deck 150 feet above low water, as proposed by the board; and the thickness of the walls at bottom and top, in project No. 1, at 6 and 2 feet, and in No. 2, at 7 and 3 feet, respectively. The mean weight of the materials is taken at 100 pounds the cubic foot, being deduced from the weight ,of a trial block of concrete, which had been made and protected from the weather for about four years and a half, and which gave 108 pounds the cubic foot, and a block of bricks which gave, when dry, 91 pounds the cubic foot. Assuming these weights to correspond with those of similar materials in. the structure, it v/ill be seen that 100 pounds to the cubic foot is rather below the average weight, as the heavier material is largely in excess. The arm of lever, on which the weight of the tower acts against any force overturning it about its base, is take^ at 14 feet, or one foot less than the radius of the base. The pressure of wind in the strongest hurricanes has been taken at 50 pounds per square foot, and as the tower is conical, the pressure against it is less than it would be against a plane surface equal to the central section, and has been assumed at two-thirds of 50 or 33-|pounds to the square foot of this section. The central section of the tower and lantern is taken at 160X ^ , whichis probably in excess, and the leverage at 71.1 feet, or the distance ofthe centre of gravity of the section above its lower base. With the above data we obtain for the moment of pressure 160 X ? ^ x 3 3 i - X 71.1=8532000; for the moment of weight of project No. 1, 35630x100x14=49882000, and for project No. 2, 41815 X 100x14=58541000, and by dividing the moments of resistance by the moment of pressure, we have H f M w ^ - 5 i y o , and ^ff|-^ff=6-A-%for the moments of stability of the two projects, respectively; or the power of resistance in one case ^fifioj and in the' other 6-3-0-0" times the power of the presure. It would seem, from these calculations that either project ought to be secure, though the first looks rather slender in the drawing. If the dome arch supporting the upper floor or deck is considered necessary, its thrust may be counteracted by ties or other well known contrivances. Its weight, which favors stability, has not been taken into consideration in the calculations above given. The pressure on the bed of the foundation for either project is not great enough to excite ^ny apprehension, and the stability in this respect may therefore be considered as secured. I cannot make any satisfactory estimate for the keeper's dwelling, as I do not know what allowance of room for each person is authorized b y t h e board, therefore none is submitted. There is now a wooden house, built for the keeper in 1847, .which contains two lower rooms, with hall, two half attic rooms and a detached kitchen, which, if sufflciently capacious, will answer the purpose for some years to come. An addition may be made to it at a small expense. If a new house REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 379 'be determined upon, its cost may be easily ascertained when the plan is once decided upon. The privy should be built over a vault communicating with the sewers of the work, the cost of which vault will be not far from $100. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant. H. G. W E I G H T , Captain ofi Engineers. Lieutenant T. A: JENKINS, U. S . N . , Seai'ctary Light-House Board, Washington, D . C. Estimate ofi cost ofi a light-house at Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida.— Project No. 1. Excavation and embankment, 280 yards, at 20 cents Lumber for grillage, 7,000 feet, at $25 Concrete in foundation, 90 cubic yards, at $5 30... Brick masonry in tower, 393 cubic yards, at $17 Concrete masonry in tower, 927 cubic yds. j 93 ^^ ^5 g^ Concrete on lower floor, 3 cubic yards ^ ^ ^ Cost of raising materials due to unusual height Derrick, blocks, falls, &c ^ Lumber for floor of watch room, landings, patterns, scaffolding, and general purposes, 10,000 feet, at $25 10 windows and frames, at $6 1 door and frame 10 pairs window-sills and lintels, at $10 , 1 door-sill and lintel Ladders , Landing and storing materials •. Carpenters' work..... Stationery, books, &c. . § ^ Add ten per cent, for unforseen expenses. $56 175 477 6,681 5 39^ ' 900 400 00 00 00 00 ^^ 250 60 10 100 15 50 250 125 25 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 14,9B8 00 1,496 80 16,464 80 Cost of stairs, including putting up Cost of lantern, set... Cost of flrst order Fresnel apparatus, complete 5,000 00 10,000 00 Cast-iron stairway, 146 feet 31,464 80 3,000 00 : 34,464 80 Project No. 2. Excavation and e'mbankment, 280 cubic yards, at 20 cents Lumber for grillage, 7,000 feet, at $25 $56 00 175 00 380 REPORT ON THE FINANCES, Concrete in foundation, 95 cubic yards, at $5 30 Brick masonry in tower, 372 cubic yards, at $17 Concrete in tower and lower floor, 1,180 cul3ic yards, at $5 80 ;..-. Landing and storing materials Cost of raising materials due to unusual height Derrick, blocks, falls, &e Lumber for floor of watch room, landings, patterns, scaffolding, and general purposes, 10,000 feet, at $25 10 windows and frames, at $6... 1 door and frame .^ 10 pairs window-sills and lintels, (granite,) at $10 1 door-sill and lintel Ladders Cost of carpenters' work, not included in above Stationery, books, &c $503 50 6,324 00 6,844 250 1,000 400 00 00 00 00 250 60 10 100 15 50 125 25 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 16,187 50 1,618 75 Add ten per cent, for unforeseen expenses ' Cost of stairs, including putting up Cost of lantern, set Cost of first order Fresnel apparatus, complete 17,806 25 5,000 00 10,000 00 Cast-iron stairway, 146 feet 32,806 25 3,000 00 35,806 25 Analysis ofi cost ofi masonry. Bricks, per yard Cement fbr do., I J barrels Sand Mason,-$2 50 ) Tender to mason, $1 75 ) J '*'* Cost per yard of brick masonry Coral, per yard Breaking, per yard.., Sand, say Cement, I J barrels Labor, mixing, and laying $10 50 2 20 5 ^25 17 00 1 , Cost per yard of concrete in tower $0 70 1 00 15 2 20 1 75 5 80 For the concrete in the foundation the cost of laying should be put at | 1 75, making the cost $5 30 per yard. If bricks be used in filling instead of concrete, the cost will be as REPORT ON THB FINANCES. 381 follows, which should be substituted for the cost ofthe concrete in the estimate: ^ New York bricks, per yard | 6 00 Cement for bricks, I J barrels.. 2 20 Sand .....'. 5 Mason 1 50 Tender to mason — 1 25 Cost of brick backing, per yard 11 00 Eespectfully submitted. H. G. W E I G H T , Captain Engineers: FORT JEFFERSON, FLORIDA, Septemher 23, 1855. APPENDIX No. 18. INSPECTOR'S OFFICE, EIGHTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, Mobile, October 1, 1855. SIR : In compliance with the order of the Light-house Board under date of the 29th May' last, I have to submit the following report of operations connected with the service ofthe eighth light-house district for the last fiscal year. At St. Marks the roof of the keeper's dwelling has been repaired by the contractor who built it, and is in tolerable order. A new dwelling for the keeper has been built at the Dog Island light-house. It is a framed dwelling, 25 feet square, resting on five wrought-iron piles, screwed 8 feet into the sand, the .sills being 8 feet above the surface of the ground. The foundation of the tower was alsb repaired and deepened, and a stratum of concrete placed around the base to prevent undermining by.winds and waves. At Cape St. George similar repairs were made to the foundation of the tower, and a corner of the keeper's brick dwelling, which had been undermined, received a solid foundation of brick work. An iron tension rod was added to strengthen its north wall. The new light-house at Cape St. Bias has been begun during the year, and at this date its masonry has been finished. The keeper's dwelling, similar to that described for Dog Island, has been completed. The lantern, &c., for this tower has arrived withiii a few days past, and will be put up without delay. The new. tower at the north end of the Chandeleur Island has been begun, and at this date is, rapidly approaching completion. The lantern for this tower has also been received and will soon be in place. The iron light-house tower which formerly stood at the Head ofthe Passes of the Mississippi river, has been removed and rebuilt at the Pass a L'outre. ' Its illuminating apparatus has been received, and is now being adapted to the lantern. In all probability it can be lighted by the first of November. A new dwelling for the keeper has also 382 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. been built at the Pass a L'outre, and is presumed to be finished at this date. The sixth order lens, which replaces the light at the Head of the Passes, is now exhibited at that place from a window built in the roof of the keeper's dwelling. The new dwellings intended to show a light from their top, in lieu of the present wooden towers at the Bayou St. John and New Canal, have been framed and are ready to be put up. The foundation for a new tower at Port Pontchartrain, has been begun on the spot. The new light-house at the Eigolets, at the outlet from Lake Pontchartrain, will be commenced at an early day. I have not yet been able to obtain title and jurisdiction for sites at the southwest cape at St. Yincent's Island, Florida, at St. Joseph's Island, Mississippi, at Proctorville, Louisiana, nor for the beacon at the east end of Horn Island, Mississippi. A breakwater, 212 feet long, has been built to protect the site of the light-house at. Tchefuncta river. It consists of cypress piles sawed 4 by 8 inches, connected at the top by a horizontal strip spiked on the rear side. It stands well and has been of great service. At this place a new cistern has been provided for the keeper. At Pass Manchac extensive repairs have been made to the breakwater which surrounds the site. The whole contour has been sheathed with cypress piling 4 by 8 inches, fastened firmly to the old timbers of the breakwater. The whole remains firm, but the establishment is old, and should be rebuilt in a less exposed position. Since the 1st of July last, .a bell-boat and six nun and can buoys have been placed to mark out the entrance into Mobile bay ; during the last summer they have been taken up, cleaned, painted' and replaced. At this date all are in position and in good order. Three spar buoys have been placed to mark the channel at the east end of Horn Island, Mississippi. A large iron buoy has been placed outside the bar to mark the entrance to the Pass a L'outre, and a large wooden buoy off the entrance to the Southwest Pass.' The last has disappeared. A large iron buoy has been placed on the east side of the channel in the Southwest Pass as a beacon to run for, after passing this bar. This is in position and is very useful. Eight spar buoys have also been placed to mark the channel, but from the nature of the bottom, the changes in the channel and the exposure of the buoys to the tow-boats, their positions cannot be relied on. , Four spar buoys have been placed on the bar at the Pass a L'outre, two on each side of the channel. The water north of them has since increased in depth, and the best channel across the bar is now found by running from the large buoy outside straight towards the iron light-house till the bar is passed, then hauling slightly to the southward towards the middle of the river. All the spar buoys are south of this line. The channel from Dog Island to Apalachicola has been marked by day beacons in a satisfactory manner. Eight beacons were contracted for to mark the shoals and channels REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 383 in Mississippi sound. After being built four were destroyed and two considerably injured by the hurricane of the 15th of last month. The loss falls on the contractor. The beacoii which was built to mark the site of a wreck in Mobile bay, having suffered seriously, has been rebuilt. The iron light-ship at Merrill's Shell Bank, Mississippi, having sprung a leak, was towed to Mobile in July last, for examination. Her bottom was found to be much corroded, but with enough of durability remaining to justify repairs. At this date the repairs of the iron work have been nearly completed. A schooner was chartered as a temporary light-ship during the absence of the former from her station. At this date, with the ex'ception of some slight damage caused by the hurricane ofthe 15th ultimo, the general condition ofthe different branches of the light-house service in this district may be considered as satisfactory. Much, hpwever, remains to be done in building, improving, &c., though most of the new structures required are already authorized. These will be built as fast as titles to the sites can be procured and the means of construction available will permit. At the entrance of Mobile bay, the principal light has hitherto been located at Mobile Point, and a secondary light of 11 lamps on Sand Island. At this last position, which is three miles further seaward than the other, a first class light would have its seaward range increased by that distance, and as a guide for crossing the bar would continue the functions of the existing light. That at Mobile Point might then be reduced to a harbor light—a 5th order lens with a single burner. As the tower at Sand Island is not high enough for the proper exhibition of a first class light, and if built upon could with difficulty be made to accommodate the necessary size of lantern, I would recommend that a new tower be built there, to show a first class light. I estimate for building the tower at Sand Island, Alabama, and providing it with a first class lens light, (fixed,) $20,000. The existing light at Eound Island, Mississippi, intencled to indicate the position of the shoal which makes out southerly from the island, is exhibited from an old and badly built tower, which is, besides, exposed to destruction from the sea in any easterly storm. The keeper's, dwelling is old, not in good order, and is also being encroached upon by the sea. I would recommend that the whole establishment be rebuilt of bricks, in a position withdrawn from the present site—the tower and dwelling to be combined, as in the plan originally proposed for East Pascagoula. I estiinate for building tower and keeper's dwelling at Eound Island, Mississippi, and providing it with a 5th order lens, $8,000. The light-house at the west end of Cat Island, Mississippi, stands on a low' and narrow sand spit, which was severely encroached upon by the hurricane of the 15th ultimo, and the keeper's old dwelling was destroyed. Another such storm would probably destroy the tower, and access to it at present from the keeper's new dwelling is likely to be difficult in very high tides, owing to the degradation of the spit between them by the late storm. I have to recommend t h a t the tower be rebuilt in the edge of the wood, near the new dwelling,, 384 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. where the site is higher and comparatively safe. For rebuilding tower at the west end of Cat Island, on a higher site, and providing it with ,a 4th order lens, $12,000. At Pass Manchac the wooden breakwater which encloses the site has required extensive repairs, to protect it from the encroachment of the waves. The water along its front has deepened, and a considerable quantity of the embanked earth within had been washed out below the street piling. This process seems to have been arrested for the present by the repairs which have been made; but satisfied as I am that the establishment, if not swept away, will require much expenditure to preserve it any length of time, I recommerid that it be rebuilt in a permanent manner. A wooden dwelling on screw piles, to show a light from its top, would be cheap and secure; but it woulcl seem more desirable to build with bricks, on wooden piles and a grillage, combining the tower and dwelling, as proposed for Eound Island. The foundation wall resting on the piles should be 3 feet thick and 8 feet high, and on this the walls ofthe dwelling and tower should be built. The site proposed is about 200 feet in rear of that now occupied, and is seldom overflowed. Estimate for rebuilding light-house and dwelling at Pass Manchac, Louisiana, and providing it with a 5th order lens, $10,000. • Of additional aids to navigation but few seem to be required in this district at the present time. The coast survey is now being prosecuted at the Chandeleur Islands, and will doubtless include Breton Island, northwest of the entrance of the Pass a L'outre. It is likely that that place affords a good harbor of refuge, and if the survey show this, a light there would be of great service. Yessels running from the eastward might make that anchorage when unable to enter the Pass a L'outre, and the light mentioned would serve at the soutii end of the Chandeleurs a purpose similar to that of the light now building at the north end. As soon as the data procured by the survey shall be accessible, I would recommend that the board consider the expediency of erecting a light on Breton Lsland. Having been directed to inquire into the necessity of building a light-house at the entrance of St. Andrew's bay, Florida, in the course of my late inspection of the district I visited that place. As the v/hole bay was surveyed last wdnter by-the United States Coast Survey, the necessary and detailed infbrmation with regard to the entrance, &c., will be more properly procured from that office. The bay is deep, and offers every security for navigation. Lumber is abundant around it, and the small population is mostly engaged in its manufacture. I n the year ending August 7, 1855, thirteen schooners cleared from the place, with an aggregate of .546 M. feet of lumber and 400 barrels tar. I t is said, too, that a few schooners, cleared from Apalachicola, also came here, of which no account is taken. As a harbor of refage, I judge that the place can have no value compared with St. Joseph's bay, which is near at hand, and always accessible with the lead alone. In a commercial point of view, it seems to me that the erection of a light-house at the entrance of St. Andrew's bay would at present be premature. I am also directed to report whether a light-house be necessary at REPORT ON THE FINANCES. * 385 the Isle au Pois, La., which is believed to be opposite to Fort Wood, on the channel leading from Lake Pontchartrain to Lake Borgne. I have been informed that no commerce goes through that channel, and it is well knowri that the flshermen of Lake Borgne convey their produce to the city on the Mexican Gulf railroad. I am satisfled that" a iight is not needed at either end of the channel. When the tower at the Pass a L'outre shall have been lighted up, the light at the N . E . Pass will be of no further service and should be dispensed with. I recommend that an act of Congress be passed for its discontinuance. The tower should be permitted to stand as a day beacon, and i n t h e future change of channels it may possibly be. of service. The dwelling is of no value. The ground might be used as .a garden by the keeper of the Pass a L'outre. Only two lens lights, one of the 5th and one of the 6th order, have been brouglit into use in this district. At the Head of the Passes, the one lamp of the 6th order lens replaces 3 reflector lamps, and at East Pascagoula 5 reflector lamps.would probably be required to give a light equal to that of the single lamp in the 5th order lens. The saving of oil effected by the use of these lens lights seems to be about 50 per cent. • The condition of the light-houses and keepers' dwellings of this district has sensibly improved since 1853. Beaconage, buoyage and stakeage of channels was then scarcely known, but is now generally efficient. ' . ^ . . For the gradual improvement of the lights of the district, I would recojnmend new lanterns, with lens lights, for several of the existing towers. Many of the old lanterns leak in stormy weather, which is to 'be expected from their mode of construction. I would also respectfully represent that .at the present time, and for some years to come, the light-house duties of this district cannot be performed in an efficient, and economical manner without the undivided care and labor of an officer. D. LEADBETTEE, •, . Capt. Engs., Inspector Sth Light-house District. Lieutenant T. A. JENKINS, S^ecretary ofi Light-house Board, Washington. APPENDIX No. 19. GALVESTON, September 1, 1855. SIR : In accordance with the annual circular from the Light-house Board, I have the honor to submit the following, report on light-house service in my district: ^ 1st. Eenovations, repairs, &c., of light-houses, &c., duringthe year ending J u l y 1, 1855. The light-house at Pass Cavallo has received some considerable repairs to the apparatus, which was damaged by the September gale. The keeper's dwelling has been moved from a dangerous position. I t was afterwards a good deal injured by the gale, and has been thoroughly repaired, ceiled and painted. 25 386 , REPORT ON THE FINANCES. A new dwelling for the keeper at Point Isabel light-house has been built, and a new structure for the beacon at Padre Island, Brazos St. Jago, to receive the 5tli order lens belonging to that light. A 4tli order lens and lanterii for Point de Fer light-house is on hand, but not yet put up. The light-vessel service has been well conducted. The light-shipsGalveston and Atchafalaya have been thoroughly repaired, and are now in excellent condition. The Pleasonton, at Ship Shoal, La., isin good condition and serviceable. 2d. Buoyage, beaconage a-nd stakeage of channels. This branch of the service is well attended to. The character of the bars on this coast is such as to prohibit within certain limits any permanent buoyage; the bars of quick sand, and frequently shifting,, call for constant attention to keep buoys in their places. I have found the use of spar buoys the most satisfactory and certain. Galveston, Pass Cavallo, Aransas and Brazps St. Jago bars are buoyed in a serviceable manner, and to the satisfaction, I believe, of the marine community. ' An iron beacon is in course of construction for Galveston bar. The stakeage of Atchafalaya and Cote Blanche bays, is under contract. 3d. The general condition of the different branches of the lighthouse service is, I believe, unexceptionable. "The want of clerkly ability among some of the keepers causes some unsightly returns, but all are honest and faithful. 4th. I do not anticipate any extensive repairs or renovations during . the ensuing year, except for the dwelling of the keeper of the beacon light on Padre Island. This house should be removed, so as to be nearer the beacon, and will need some repairs. It was never completely flnished. The sum of $500 will cover the necessary expense. 5th. As to additional aids, I have to say, appropriations now exist for all the most necessary ones. I would, however, recommend a beacon light at or near the head ofthe ^^ Swash," abreast of ^-Alligator Head," in Matagorda Bay. This is recommended by Lieutenant DeHaven, United States Coast Survey, to take the place ofa proposed light on or near ^^Gallinipper Bar," which has been deemed unnecessary; in which opinion I am sustained by . Lieutenant De H. For this beacon there should be appropriated $10,000. A small beacon at Saluria, at the mouth of the bayou, would be of great service to bay craft and steamboats. The bayou is a harbor for lighters and bay boats. The United States majl for Corpus Christi, St. Joseph's, Lamar, &c., passes through here, and in the sudden and severe northers which ^prevail on this coast small craft run great risk of being blown to sea from inability to flnd the bayou at night, and lives have been lost on several occasions in consequence. Cost of erecting beacon, $500. The inland channel to Corpus Christi needs permanent stakes; this and the staking of the lower part of Aransas Bay could be effected at a cost of $3,000. • '^ ^ 7th. Yermillion Pass light has been discontinued since 1st June. I believe by increasing the power of the light on the Atchafalaya- REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 387 light-ship, the light-house at Point de Fer might be dispensed with, as soon as the light-house at Shell Keys shall be completed. .A vessel bouhd in from the Gnlf always ^"^sights" the light at Ship Shoal; she must then steer W . N . W . to pass Eacoon Point shoal in 9 feet water or mud ; the shore from Last Island to Point de Fer may be^^ approached-, with soft bottom, as close as 6 feet water; soundings, regular. Eunning for Atchafalaya Pass, a vessel could make Shell. Key light, with Atchafalaya light-ship bearing N.,-and soori makefile Atchafalaya light, running on that course. On the Point de Fer .side the lead is as good a guide as a light, for in skirting that:shore in two fathoms water, one cannot get into any danger, or pass the Atchafalaya Pass. 12th. The condition of lights, towers, &c., I have reason to believe, is improved since the organization o f t h e Light-house Board.. The • lights are improved; the fact, of their being subject to an inspection, unexpectedly and at any hour, impresses the keepers with the n e c e s sity of being cautious and particular. I found the keepers improved by flnding they were likely to be visited without notice, and esp^ecially^ at night. . ^ The system of buoyage, &c., has, undoubtedly, been much improved . by having inspectors and engineers. Mariners flnd they can apply to an inspector," who is charged particularly to attend to such matters,-. and have prompt attention. 14th. The economy of oil and supplies will, no doubt, be g r e a t l y assisted cby the substitution of lenses for reflectors; but this must b e ' gradual. Sites have been selected for all the light-houses appropriated for, and title obtained for most^of them. W i t h regard to the light-house at Calcasieu river, for which there is an appropriation, I do not believe there is any necessity for a light at that point; neither at Gallinipper bar, in Matagorda bay. The light on Half,Moon reef, in the same bay, I believe is very necessary. RECAPITULATION. Light-house machinery at Matagorda light-house has received sundry repairs. Keeper's dwelling removed, ceiled and painted. New^ dwelling for keeper of (Brazos St. lago) Point Isabel lighthouse, and a structure prepared for. lens apjiaratus of Brazos St. lagb beacon light. Light-ships Galveston, and Atchafalaya have been thoroughly repaired. The Pleasanton has been supplied with new moorings, and all the light keepers supplied with boats. Galveston, Matagorda, Aransas, and Brazos St. lago bars have been buoyed. An iron beacoii is building for Galveston bar. The general condition of the different branches of the light-house service in this district is unexceptionable. For new aids the following appropriations are asked, yiz : Beacon light marking Swash channel in Mata'gorda bay, opposite Alligator head..'..., $10,000 00 Small beacon to mark entrance to Saluria bayou 500 00 For staking inland passage from Matagorda bay to Corpus Christi and nart of Aransas bay , 3,000 00 388 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. The stakeage of Atchafalaya bay is under contract. Sites have been selected, and in most cases title procured, for lighthouses for vdiicli there are existing appropriations. Plans are rriade, and it is expected the buildings will soon be constructed. Experience has shown an improvement in the whole service since the organization of the Light-house Board, the management being systematic and economical. Yery respectfully, ° . . W . H. STEYENS, , Light-house Inspe^ytor, 2th District. Lieut, T. A. JENKINS, U . S . N . , Secretojry Light-house Board. P . S.—Since writing the above I liaVe been applied to concerning a light at the mouth ofthe Eio Grande, Texas. In relation to it I have to say I recommend a light be established there, a 4th order, or 5th order Fresnel. Cost.of light-building, &c., $5,000. A large proportion of the business that is transacted, via. the Brazos St. lago, would be much facilitated by a light at the mouth of the river. Several steamboats run from Brazos to the Eio Grande, and some sail vessels. A large proportion of the government stores for the frontier posts go by this route. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W . H. STEYENS, • Light-house Inspector. Extract firom a communication firom Lieutenant W. H. Stevens, Corps ofi Engineers, Light-house Inspector ofi the 9th district, under d a t e ofi October 18, 1855. In my annual report I -mentioned I thought the Point de Fer light-house might be dispensed with, by improving the light in the light-vessel. ' I reconsider that matter, and say we can dispense with the light-boat. The hazard of getting away from moorings is great, I find, on this coast, and great expense attends such disasters. Since my. report went in a portion of the staking of the bay has been completed. The stake at the mouth of the Pass, near the light-ship berth, is a skeleton pyramid;, and can be seen distinctl}^ from the light-house at Point de Fer, making quite as good a day mark as the light-ship; and as the intricacy, of the bay is such that vessels do not go in at night, I believe the light-ship might be dispensed with, and hacl I my discretion to use I would abolish her. She .is in good condition, and could be used elsewhere. Very respectfully submitted. W . H. STEYENS, Mght-house Injector. REPORT ON THE FINANCES. . 389 - '. APPENDIX No. 20. OFFICE TENTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, B.uffalo, N. Y , September 29, 1855. SIR : I, have the honor to submit the following report of the p r o gress of, the works under my charge, for which special appropriations^ were made forthe year comniencing July 1, 1854: ^Tibbett's Point light-house.—The rebuilding of this light was com- ' pleted at the close of July, and the new light of the fourth order of Fresnel was first shown on the 1st of August, 1854. Carlton Head'light.—The appropriation for this work is combined with that of Tibbett's Point.' The title deeds and searchesdor incumbrance are in the .hands of the United States attorney of the western district of New York for examination and brief of title. Genesee river beacon.—The work of rebuilding the beacon and securing the communication to it was completed in October, and the new apparatus, a lens of the sixth order, introduced. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 'K . ^ Black Rock beacon, Niagara river, N. Y.—The permanent structure of stone was completed in October, and the new apparatus, a lens pf the fifth order, introduced. Green Island light-house. Lake Eric.—This structure was completed, late in the month of November, too late for any useful purpose to aid navigation, and some defect in the revolving machinery prevented it being lighted with this characteristic distinction. Light-house Maumee bay, Ohio.—The structure entire was made in_ the foundry and the shop, and the parts, whether of iron or wood, carefully fitted. This limited the operations at the bay to the construction of a platform on wooden piles, for the insertion of the screwpiles, five in number, and the putting together the respective parts of the structure.. ^ ^- ^ ^ ?•< ^ • The patterns of the various parts of the structure for the screws, angle-sleeves, caps, &c., are on hand, and would be available for any similar structures in similar localities, as at the St. Clair flats, should lights be needed there. Repairs ofi light-house fioundations and piers at Monroe, Michigan.— The materials, lumber, &c., were collected in part, and the framing ofthe work commenced. Light-house, Horse-shoe reefi, Niagara river, N. Y.—The work was commenced in May at the quarry, and in the construction ofthe foun-. dation crib, which was ready for launching and placing, on the reef at the close of the month of June. A steam-tug^and two lighters were engaged, cranes and tools purchased, &c., for , the, vigorous prosecution of the work at the reef. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, - . , . J . C. W O O D E U F F , Capt. Eng., Light-house Inspector. Captain E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, ' • . Corps Top. Eng., Secnretary Light-house Board. 390 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. OFFICE TENTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTJEIICT, Buffalo, N. Y., September 29, 1855. SIR : In compliance with the requirements of the circular from the office ofthe Light-house Board, ciated May 29, 1855, I have the honor to make the following report: . 1st. Small expenditures for the preservation of the keepers' dwellings and grounds connected therewith have been made at Ogdensburg and Genesee river. New York, and at Grand river, Cleveland, and Sandusky, Ohio. The expenditures at Fort Niagara were incurred in rooflng the dwelling and outbuildings, which were much damaged by a tornado. Those for Green island were for outbuildings, the special appropriation being inadequate for the object, and for refltting the revolving machinery of the new lens apparatus. The mechanic who put up the apparatus reported the machinery defective. Eepairs have been executed on the oil rooms at Crossover Island and at Tibbett's Point; on the light apparatus at Buffalo; on the towers at Erie, Pennsylvania, and Barcelona, New York, and on the beacons at Dunkirk, New York, Erie, Pennsylvania, and Grand river, Ohio. The protectioii crib work covering the base of the light-house at Galloo island and the head of the island has been secured by street piling and facing. The foundation crib on the reef off Toussaint river has been planked over, to prevent the stone filling from being washed out. A new lantern, with diagonal sash bars, fitted with French plateglass, was substituted for the former lantern at Cleveland beacon at the time of refitting the light with the new apparatus pf the fourth order, fixed, varied with flashes. 2d. Owing to the difficulty of procuring the services of a competent person to set out buoys on the Charity shoals. Lake Ontario, and on the reefs in the St. Lawrence river, within the limits of this district, no arrangements w^ere made until the season of navigatioii was quite advanced for carrying out this important aid. During the summer^ however, there will be nine buoys placed. The description of buoy adopted is the ^^ balloon" buoy, which has been successfully used by Captain J . N. Macomb on the survey of the lakes. The channel, known as the ^^ Emerald's" channel in the Niagara river, has been marked by three large wooden can buoys for the flrst time. The main channel is marked by three large iron can buoys. Thus, the two channels of the river are well distinguished. An improvement has been made "in the spar buoys marking the channels on each side of Strawberry island; one of the improved buoys only has been substituted for the spar buoy, which "becanie necessary from the strong currents ofthe river submerging the buoys. At the entrance to Sandusky bay, Ohio, four large iron can buoys have been substituted for as many spar buoys—the latter being "submerged during heavy northeastwardly gales. To increase the facilities at the entrance to this bay, a range light has been erected to mark the channel withiii the bay. At Maumee bay four iron can buoys have been substituted for as . REPORT "ON THE FINANCES. " 391 many spar buoys, and one of the spare spar buoys placed on the middle ground in the river abreast of Barker's mill. The iron screw-pile beacon light at the ^^ Elbow," constructed under a special appropriation, was conipleted on- the 29th of June,, and the light was first shown on the evening of that day. ' The newly discovered ^"^ six feet spot" was marked h j a large iron oan buoy. Captain J . N. Macomb, topographical engineer,.in charge of the survey of the lakes, being about making an experimental trip with the steanier of the survey before proceeding to the upper lake, offered the use of the steamer for placing this buoy, which was gladly accepted, both on account of his better knowledge of the locality and of the expense saved to the light-house establishment of the charter •of a vessel, which otherwise would have been reqmred for this purpose. It is proper also to state that Captain Macomb, on the same experimental trip, j)laced two of his ^^balloon" buoys; one on the reef north of the east Sister island, on the direct route of vessels between Buffalo and Toledo, and the other on the rock'in the north passage on the direct route between Buffalo and Detroit, as well as "between Cleveland and Detroit. These two obstructions to navigation are in the Canadian waters, and are passed by almost the entire commerce of the lakes. I am informed by Captain Dorr, marine inspector, that the sum of .fwenty-five thousand dollars would have been saved last year h a d there been a buoy at that time on the reef north of the east Sister island. The beacoii light at Erie, Pennsylvania, having been destroyed, together with the new apparatus of the sixth order, by being struck by a vessel entering the harbor cluring a gale of wind, a gallows frame, supporting a lens lantern of an arc of 225°, has been erected.. The range lights for facilitating the.entrance to the channel within the-bay, formerly supported by the/ lake marine resorting to this liarbor, have been adopted, and are now supported by the light-house establishment. 3d. Light keepers manifest a willingness to discharge their duties ^agreeably to the instructions and directions of the light-house board.' There is, however, a marked difference in the manner of executing their duties ; in the cleanliness of the towers, dwellings, and premises. The most faithful and exemplary keepers are Paul Chase, William Gardiner, John Paxton, W . G. Nickles, Leonard Vaughan, William. Johnson, Joseph Mackey, Jacob M. Jacobs, James Anderson, Samuel Whitney, Saxton Bigelow, and Whitney Grant. - The condition of the towers, buildings, ancl the grounds connected therewith, is in general good. The stucco has fallen from the towers in most cases where i t h a s been resorted to, but it is proposed not to renew it, but to point the joints of the masonry when required, to prevent injury to the walls. The oil butts in use hitherto are defective, the coverings not being sufficiently tight to keep out dust. These are being replaced gradually by the butts of the new pattern, of the capacity of fifty gallons, the coverings of which are air tight. The distribution of light-house supplies in the tenth and eleventh 392 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. district is placed under the direction of this office. The supplies for Lake Ontario and river St. Lawrence are distributed by a small vessel chartered for the purpose, the master of which is charged with the duty. It has been very faithfully executed the past two years by Captain Horace Moriey, • The supplies fbr Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, are distributed by a vessel chartered fbr the service by the month, and are under the immediate direction of Moses Hawks, the superintendent of supplies. 4th. Detailed estimates are herewith presented for rebuilding the beacon lights at Erie, Pennsylvania, and at Huron, Ohio,, and the light-house on the pier head at Black river, Ohio. The last mentioned light derives importance from the fact that it subserves the purposes' both of a harbor and lake coast light, its position on the coast being thirty miles west of Cleveland light, and fifty miles east of Sandusky light, intermediate, however, to the latter, are the small harbor " lights at Yermillion river, Huron river,, and at Cedar Point, the entrance to Sandusky bay. ^ " The plan of the structure proposed for each of these lights is a castiron frame tower ; that for Black river to be of three stories in height, . making the focal plane fifty feet in height, and for each of the others of two stories, making the focal plane thirt3^-eight feet in height. The cost of the apparatus is included in the estimates. The apparatus for Black river should be of the fourth order for 180°, with valve lamp and two concentric burners. Those for Erie and Huron beacons of the sixth order for 270°, with fountain lamp and one burner. 5th. The additional aids to render navigation safe and easy, that have been brought to my notice, are buoys, for the Detroit river. In the main channel, two ;' oae at the head of Fighting Island, north by east, one mile from Grassy Island l i g h t ; the other near the foot of the same island, south by east, two miles below Mamajudah light. In the west channel, six; one near the head of Grassy Island, northwest, three-fourths of a mile from light, and five in the vicinity of Gibraltar light at the mouth of the river. At Pointe Monillir, some ten miles from the mouth of the river, and on the route from the river to Monroe light-house, one buoy. At Eaisin Point, two miles from Monroe light-house, one buoy. The description of buoy to be used, I would recommend Macomb's ^^ balloon" buoy, which answers a better purpose than the spar; both are liable to be destroyed by the paddle-boxes of steamboats, but the cost is in favor of the ^^ balloon " buoy. I haye already referred to the reefs in the Canadian waters marked by Captain Macomb by balloon buoys. Almost the entire commercial marine of the lakes use the Canadian or north shore passage, the leading points of which are Point Abino,Long Point, and Point Pelir. At Long Point the Canadian govern' ment maintains a light. At Point Pelir it has commenced the building, of a light. A light at Point Abino, with a fog signal attached, would subserve a most useful purpose, and would save annually many lives and a large amount of property. ' ., REPORT ON.THE FINANCES. 393: . 6th. The existing lights are generally well located, and subserve the purpose for w^hich they were intended, unless the Erie light may be excepted. It is, or should be, one of the leading lights on the south, shore, but it is shut in by the island covering the harbor of Erie, and is really- of use only to the eastward of the harbor over an arc of about 90°. Had it been placed on the island on the outer or lake side, it would have" illuminated both eastward and westward, or over an arc of 180°. , 7tli. The lights at Silver Creek, Barcelona, and Port Clinton,^ are deemed useless, there being no harbor at the first two, and the harbor o f t h e third cannot be entered at. night by the aid of. the light, nor are they necessary as lake coast lights. Dunkirk and Erie lights^ with lens apparatus, should fulfil that purpose. The light, on the hill at Cleveland, Ohio, no longer subserves any useful purpose, affording no rknge whatever for entering the harbor, the pier head light being now fitted with a fourth order lens for 360°, fixed, varied with flashes, fulfllling all the wants of navigation at this port. 8th. Besides the economy in the consumption of oil and other supplies that has resulted from the introduction of lenses in place of the reflectors, it has awakened the interest of the keepers in the discharge of their duties, with but few exceptions. .It is true some difficulty has oPcurred in the management of the moderator lamp by the use of sperm oil, but the apparatus is in most cases accompanied by the fountain lamp, which has always been serviceable. 9th. The number of lens lights introdhced and reflectors removed, since 1852, are as follows : Steamer's lens lanterns for 225° Do. • do. 112° Pressed-glass lens lanterns _ _ _ _ . Lens of fourth order for 270° Do. do. 180° ,Lens fixed, varied by flashes, for 360° ~ Lens of fifth order, for 180° Lens fixed, varied by flashes, for 270° Lens of sixth order, for 270° - - Eeflector lamps removed - - - - 6 4 - 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 - 5 6 One of the sixth order lens was destroyed at Erie, Pennsylvania, and lens lanterns for 225° erected on gallows frame. Thenumber of reflector lamps removed are 56, besides which there were at Erie beacon six cup lamps removed, showing a very inadequate light. At Grand Eiver beacon there was a compass lamp without reflectors, consuming a large quantity of oil and giving a feeble light, for which a lens lantern for 225° was substituted. At Cleveland Pier Head there were four gas-burners, without reflectors, for which there was substituted a j^lens of the fourth order of 360°, flxed, varied by flashes. At Dunkirk there were three large basin lamps, consuming a quantity of oil equivalent to flve of the fountain lamps, for which was substituted a lens lantern fo.r 225°, 394 REPORT, ON THE FINANCES. Before the close of the seasPn the lights in the rivers Detroit and St. Lawrence will be refitted with the new apparatus, lenses of the 4th arid Oth orders.. The lanterns ofthe river lights, being comparatively good, need not renewing at present. The following classification of apparatus is recommended for the lights yet to be refitted. The 4th order lens for 270°, with valve lamp and two concentric burners, at Galloo Island, at Fort Niagara, and at Sandusky. The 4th order lens for 180°, with valve lamp and two concentric burners, at Oswego, at Genesee river, at Buffalo, at Erie,,and at Grand river. The 4th order lens for 270°, with fountain lamp and one burner, at Turtle island and at West Sister island. The 4tli order lens for 360°, fixed, varied by flashes, with valve lamp, and two burners, at Dunkirk., The 4th order lens, flashing, with fountain lamp and one burner, at Stoney Point and at Big Sodus, in place of the present revolving lights, with ten reflectors and lamps each. The 5tli order lens for 270°, with fountain lamp and one burner,^at Hoi;se island. The 6tli order lens for 270°, with fountain lamp and one burner, at Salmon river^ at Sodus beacon, and at Cedar Point beacon. The above list does not include the 3 lenses for Beach river, 4th, order fpr 180°, valve lamp and two burners ; Erie beacon, Oth order for 270°, fountain lamp and one burner, and Huron beacon 6tli order for 270°, fountain lamp and one burner. The whole number of all orders, 4th, 5tli, and 6th, required for existing lights \^ twenty. For several of the above lights I had recommended in previous reports the lens of 3d order, but I am now satisfled from the experience ofthe use of the 4th order, and a lamp with two concentric wicks, of the sufficiency of the power ofthe latter for any locality in this district. On renovating the lights above classified, new lanterns should be supplied, as the present lanterns are formed of heavy posts and sash bars with very small panes of glass of an inferior quality. The patterns ofthe 4th order are on hand and are available for use. 395 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 10th. Table showing the per centage gained in the consumption ofi oil % substituting lens lamps fior reflectors.—Prepared firom thc quarterly returns ofi keepers. No. of Total quantity of burners^ oil cons am'd—gals Period of illumination. i Name of light-house. From— To- CM O 6 Oct. 21, 1853 Oct. 21, 1854 Aug. 24, 1853 Tibbett's Point Aug. 24, 1854 Dunkirk . . . . . . . . . . . . April 16", 1853 April 16, 1854 Oct. 1,1853 Oct. 1, 1854 Erie beacon, Penn.... Sept. 1, 1853 Sept. 1, 1854 Hurori beacon, Ohio.. July 1, 1853 July 1, 1854 April 1,'I854 Cleveland, Ohio April 1,1855 Big Sodus Bay ^ Cap lamps. t Feet of gas. June 30, 1854 June 30, 1855 June 30,1854 June 30, 1855 Sept. 30, 1853 Sept. 30, 1854 Dec. 25, 1853 Dec. 25, 1854 June 17, 1854 June 17, 1855 May 30, 1854 May 30, 1855 .Tune 30, 1854 June 30,1855 • o "a o P4 Cl . £03© .o a CD i P4 184 14 243 + 159 164 10 129.5 219 . 7 204 "42'.05* 168 isi'. 5" 168 tl3r.5 8 85 13 139 77 8 195 *7 39 137 "2i*.75' 251 * " 7 *i94*"* 229 "43**" 91 '''{{ *t47*.666 86 . . . . ***2 "jsiioo "ii tn 26 65 27 42 27 75 76 J. Gallons of oil consumed by reflector and lens. . l l t h . The light-house towers, dwellings and grounds are, in general, in as good conditioii as when taken charge of; the dwellings in many instances have been, improved by lathing and plastering the walls of a part of the building, which has been essential for the health of the occupants. Precaution has been taken, also, to guard against fire in the towers and beacons where wood was used in the structure. 12th. The condition of the beaconage, buoyage, and stakeage of channels, &c., has been improved much more than any other branch of the. light-house service. My attention was called at once to the. insufficiency of the lights showii in the beacons, or pier-head lights, which are esteemed the most important, lake lights. The pier-head lights of Cleveland and Erie have been improved by the introduction of lens of 4tli and 6th orders. Genesee beacon by 6tli order lens. Dunkirk beacon and Grand river beacon by large lens lanterns for 225°. All of these lights .were without reflectors, except Genesee river beacon, which had one. The beaconage and buoyage of the Niagara river has been essentially improved by the range lights for the main channel, and by marking the Emerald channel. The substitution of iron can for spar buoys, and the erection of the inner range lights at Sandusky bay have greatly increased the facilities of entering. , The substitution^ of iron can for spar buoys, the marking of the shoal nearly two miles off* from Turtle island light-house, and the erection of the light at the ^^ Elbow,'' have rendered the channel and entrance to Maumee bay as accessible by night as by day. Before the close ofthe season an important reef, about twelve miles frpm the head of the St. Lawrence river, and eight of the principal 396 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. reefs in the Sfc. Lawrence river, from its hfead to Ogdensburg, will be marke^d, 13th. Having experienced a difficulty in the use of sperm oilin the .moderator lamp, my attention has been called to the signal and lubricating oil manufactured by F . S. Pease, of this city. Mr. Pease, requested the use of the moderator lamp of two concentric burners, and of one burner. Duplicates of each were placed by Mr. Pease in the hands of Professor Hadley, professor of chemistry in the University of Buffalo, whose report of the burning qualities of sperm and the signal oil in the lamps is herewith appended. Professor Hadley's report of the test to which the oils have been subjected is also appended. I have also placed some of this oil in the lights at Cleveland and Green Island, where the moderator lamps only are in use. Most favorable reports have been received from the keeper at Cleveland relative to the signal oil. No report has been received from the keeper at Green Island. ^ From the favorable opinion of the signal oil, as given by Professor Hadley, which is sustained also by the experience of its use in the Cleveland light, as well as by repeated trials of it myself, I feel no hesitation in recommending to the board to entertain a proposition from Mr. Pease for supplying the lights on the lakes with the signal oil. ' Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J . C. W O O D E U F F , Capt. Top. Eng'rs, Light-house Inspector. Lieut. THORNTON A. JENKINS, U. S . Navy, Capt. E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Corps Top. Engineers, Secretaries Light-house Board, Washington, D . C ' At the request of Mr. Pease, I have made a number of experiments to test the burning qualities of the signal oil, especially as compared with sperm when used in the mechanical (Carcel) lamp. First, in the lamp with a single wick, (small size Carcel lamp,) it was found impossible with the best unbleached sperm oil to regulate the flame so as to compare it accurately with that given by the signal oil. The former needed constant attention and adjusting the height of the wick to prevent its smoking or going out, and in a few hours became entirely unmanageable. At the same time the lamp became intensely heated, the. oil boiled and simmered in the upper p a r t o f the wick, and the wick itself, in a few hours, becanie converted into a crust of charcoal three times its original thickness. The signal oil, on the contrary, burned steadily and' required little attention, as it was not liable to go out or become smoky ; sustained a flame pf constant height by elevating the wick at long intervals of time, (several hours at first,) and did not heat the lamp as hot, or char the wick in anything like the same degree as the sperm oil. In most of the trials the cone of flame above the wick was sustained at a height of from one to two inches. In one experiment, which was continued through nineteen hours, the wick was not trimmed nor its height altered, and the cone of flame, at first one and one-c[uarter inch in height, increased in two,hours to one and one-half inch, and then REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 397 very gradually diminished to one-half inch, when the experiment was ended by blowing out the lamp. Partly on account of the difficulty of entirely removing the oil from the lamps, but chiefly by reason ofthe impossibility of regulating the flame of the sperm oil, it was found impossible to estimate with any certainty the relative quantities of the oil consumed in producing an equal amount of light. ' Carcel lanips with two concentric wicks. • Similar experiments were made with tliese, and with results not very dissimilar. In the lamps both oils burned better when the draft of air outside of the outer wick was checked ; and the sperm oil was almost' entirely unmanageable in them unless such a change was made in the lamps. After this, the difference in the two oils did not appear to be quite as great as in the two lamps with a single hollow wick. GEOEGE HADLEY, Profiessor ofi Chemistry, University ofi Buffalo, N. Y. BUF.FALO, June, 1855. NoTE.^—The difference of temperature in the two lamps could be immediately seen on approaching them; but was better shown by placing a thermometer at the distance of half an inch from the chimneys and in precisely similar positions. • That in the neighborhood of the lamp containing the sperm oil was then found to indicate a temperature of twenty degrees higher than the other. G. H. ' I have examined the ^^ engine and signal oil'' manufactured by Mr. P . S. Pease, in several particulars, especially as compared with the best sperm oil, with the following results : Specific gravities.—The engine and signal oil ranks next to sperm oil, while all others are heavier. Melting point.—Lard oil solidified into a white mass as hard as common lard at a temperature of 32° F . , or the freezing point of water. The sperm oil and signal oil being exposed to a temperature of 16° below this, (16° F.,) the sperm oil flnally became stiff, and at that temperature the engine and signal oil would still run. Boiling or decomposing point.—The boiling point of the engine and signal oil is nearly identical with sperm oil, it being above the ^melting point of lead, 612° F . Acid reaction.—Neither the sperm oil nor the engine and signal oil show any acid reaction. Burning qualities .—The burning qualities of the' sperm and engine and signa^l oils w^ere carefully compared by burning them in tin two wicked oil lamps, constructed in every respect alike, and adjusting the wicks so that each gave exactly, the same amount of ligiit, as judged by comparison ofthe intensity ofthe shadows .which they cast. The experiment was continued through flfteen hours. The wicks were not trimmed during all this time. At the close the incrustation on the wicks and the amount of oil consumed was nearly the same, the difference being in favor of the signal oil. I regard it as an admirable oil for burning. », Oumming.—I can only express an opinion founded on some of the 398 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. . ' ' characters of the engine-and signal oil, observed in the course ofthese investigations, that it is free from this difficulty. GEOEGE HADLEY, Profiessor ofi Chemistry, University ofi Buffalo. BUFFALO, March 6, 1855. . ERIE B E A C O N , PENNSYLVANIA. T o build up pier head at Erie, Pennsylvania, 28 by 33 feet, from two feet below the surface^ seven feet high : ' • . 489 feet crib timbers, at 15 cents | 1 3 4 00 894 feet long ties, at 15 cents I l l 75 30 cords stone at $8 240 00 ^ 1,000 pounds round iron, at ^ 5 47 50 3 kegs spikes, at $6 18 00 924 feet plank 3-inch oak, at p O 27 72 55 cubic yards concrete, at §5.. 275.00 11 cubic yards masonry, at $7 . - 77 00 Labor and carpentry 800 00 — 41,731 07 T o construct a two-story cast-iron tower for beacon : 4 columns, 1 1 | feet long, 8 inches at neck—3,680 pounds, at 4 cents 147 20 8 diagonal braces with turnbuckles—560 pounds, at H feent.,..... 70 00 38 feet railing, at $2 ....". ' 76 00 I pair stairs 33 00 I top plate 10 feet square, 5 feet well hole, I | inch thick—3,616 pounds, at 4 cents '.. 144 64 16 bolts, 18 by 1 i inches, nuts and drilling - 22 00 16 bolts, 3 by 1\ inches, nuts and drilling 14 00 ' 4 columns 111 fe§t long, 8 inches at neck—3,680 pounds, at 4 cents 147 20' I top plat 9 feet square, 5 feet well hole, 1 inch thick—2,740 pounds, at 4 cents 109 60 8 diagonal braces with turnbuckles—336 pounds, at 1^ cent 42 00 36 feet railing, at | 2 ,72 00 I pair stairs 33 00 32 bolts, 3 by I^ inches, nuts and drilling 28 00 938 64 Estimate for lantern: 1 lantern roof, cast iron—^^600 pounds, at 5 cents 30 00 10 sash stops, cast-iron—50 pounds, at 5 cents 2 50 4 pairs ventillators, cast-iron—315 pounds, at 5 cents 15 75 10 sash bars, cast-iron—281 pounds, at 5 cents 14 05 20 stops for bars, cast-iron—177 pounds, at 5 cents 8 85 2 lantern rings, cast iron—954 pounds, at 5 c e n t s . 47 70 5 side ventilators, c a s t - i r o n ^ l 3 pounds, at 5 cents 65 Fitting ventilators 75 770 pounds boiler iron for parapet, at 9 cents 69 30 _ 20 set screws, at 6 cents 1 25 " 70 | - i n c h bolts and nuts, at 1 | cent 8 75 12 |-inch bolts and nuts, at 15 cent. 1 50 30 pins for sash stops, at 3 cents 90 / 12 lights of glass, at ^8 • 96 00 5 small tin ventilators, at $1 50 7 50 9 d a y s ' d r i l h n g , at $4 36 00 35 d a y s ' v i c e work, at p 105 00 10 4 a y s ' vice w w k , at $1 25 12 50 10 d a y s ' l a t h e work, at $6 '. 60 00 4 d a y s ' l a t h e work, at | 5 20 00 431 95 Painting 215 00 Superir\tendence and labor 900 00 Freight, &c. , 100 00 4,316 66 431 66 Clontingencies 10 per c e n t . . . , . ll For apparatus, 6th order, 270O, including freight and setting u p . . . » ; . • 4,748 32 501 68 5,250 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 399 HURON B E A C O N , OHIO. For filling up" with concrete the bay in Pier H e a d , harbor of H u r o n , Ohio, and planking Pier Head : ,. 1,600 feet plank, 3-inch oak, at $30 4 kegs spikes, at $6 ' 14 cubic yards masonry, a t $7 90 cubic yards concrete, at §5 Carpentry and labor -. $48 24 98 , 450 500 00 00 00 00 00 $1,120 00 For constructing a tv/o-story cast-iron tower for beacon : 4 columns l l g feet long, 8 inches at neck, 3,680 lbs., at 4 c e n t s . . . 147 20 8 diagonal braces, with turnbuckles, 560 lbs., at I5 cent 70 00 38 feet railing, at $2. .\ -. 76 00 1 pair stairs '\ 33 00 I top plate 10 feet square, 5 feet well-hole, 1 | inches thick, 3,616 lbs., at 4 cents.. 144 64 16 bolts, (18 by 1^,) n u t s , and drilling 22 00 16 bolts, (3 by 1|,) nuts, and drilling 14 00 4 columns 111 feet long, 8 inches at neck, 3,680 lbs., at 4 c e n t s . . . .147 20 1 top pla;te 9 feet square, 5 feet well-hole, 1 inch thick, 2,740 lbs., at 4 c e n t s . , .^ 109 60 8 diao-onal braces, with turnbuckles, 336 lbs., at 1^ cent. ,42 00 36 feet railing, at $2 72 00 1 pair stairs 33 00 32 bolts, (3 by 1|,) nuts, and d r i l l i n g . . . , 28 00 933 64 Estimate for lantern : * 1 lantern roof,"cast-iron, 600 lbs., at 5 cents 10 sash tops, cast-iron, 500 lbs 4 pairs ventilators, cast-iron, 315 lbs 10 sash bars, cast-iron, 281 lbs 20 stops for sash bars, cast-iron, 177 lbs , 2 lantern rings, cast-iron, 954 lbs 5 side ventilators, cast-iron, 13 lbs Fitting ventilators 770 lbs. boiler iron for parapet, at 9 cents 20 set screws, at 6 cents 70 -|-inch bolts and nuts, at I | cent 12 5-inch bolts and nuts, at Ig cent 30 pins for sash stops, at 3 cents 12 lights of glass, at.$8 5 s m a l l t i n ventilators, at $1 50 9 days'drilling, at $ 4 . . . . . 35 d a y s ' vice work, at $ 3 . . 10 d a y s ' . . . . d o . . . . . a t | l 25 . 10 d a y s ' l a t h e ^vork, at $6 4 d a y s ' , . d o . . . d o . . a t $5 Painting Superintendence and labor Freight, &c 30 2 15 14 8 . 00 50 75 05 85 '. , "...... 47 7,0 65 75 69 30 ' I 25 •••... 8 75 1 50 90 96 00 , 7 50 36 00 T . . . . 105 00 12 50 60 00 20 00 ' - :.^ 431 215 900 100 , , 95 00 00 00 3,705 59 370 55 Contingencies, at 10 per cent For apparatus 6th order lens, 270O, including freight and setting up • 4,076 14 503 86^ 4,580. oa T o build pier-head at.Black river, Ohio, 35 feet square, 9 feet above the water from two feet below the surface : 1,540 1,540 1,225 4 2,000 feet crib timber, at 15 cents feet long ties, at 15 c e n t s . . feet plank, 3-inch oak, at $30 kegs spikes, at $6. pounds round iron i., ' , « 231 231 36 24 95 00 00 75 00 09 4:00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 61 cords stone, at $5 90 cubic yards concrete, at $ 5 . 14 cubic yards masonry, at .^7. Carpentry and labor c -, For constructing a three story cast iron to,wer for beacon : 4 columns, 12 feet long, 9 inches neck, 3,936 pounds, at 4 c e n t s . . . . I top plate, 12 feet sqaare, 6 feet well hole, i } £ inches thick, 6,249 pounds, at 4 cents , 8 diagonal braces, with turnbuckles, 760 pounds, at 1 ^ cents 46 feet railing, at $2 1 pairstajrs '. 16 bolts, (3 by 1%^ inches,) nutSj, and drilling 16 bolts, (18 by 1 ) ^ inches,) n u t s , and drilling 4 columns, l l j ^ ^ feet long, 8 inches at neck, 3,680 pounds, at 4 cents 7. 8 diagonal braces, with turnbuckles, 560 pounds, at 1 ) ^ cents 38 feet railing, at $2 I pair stairs i. 1 top plate, 10 feet square, 5 feet well hole, I j ^ inches thick, 3,616 pounds, at 4 cents 32 bolts, (3 by 1%£ inches,) nuts, and drilling $305 450 98 900 : 00 .00 00 00 $2,370 T5 157 44 249 95 92 35 14 , 22 96 00 00 00 00 00 147 70 76 33 20 00 00 00 144 64 28 00 1,164 24 4 columns, 11 j ^ feet long, 8 inchesat^neck, 3,680 pounds, at 4 c t s . 1 top plate, 9 feet square, 5 feet well hole, 1 inch thick, 2,740 pounds, at 4 cents 8 diagonal braces, with turnbuckles, 336 pounds, at 1}<^ cents 36 feet railing, at $2 : ". 1 pair stairs 32 bolts, (3 by I J ^ inches,) n u t s , and drilling Superintendence and labor Freight, &c • Estimate for lantern : 1 lantern ruof, cast iron, 600 pounds, at 5 cents 10 sash stops, cast iron, 50 pounds, at 5 cents 4 pair ventilators, cast iron, 315 pounds,^at 5 cents 10 sash bars, cast iron, 281 pounds, at 5 cents. 20 stops for same, cast iron, 177 pounds, at 5 cents 2 lantern rings, cast iron, 954 pounds, at 5 cents 5 side ventilators, cast iron, 13 pounds, at 5 cents. Fitting same .' 770 pounds boiler iron, for parapet, at 9 c e n t s , 20 set screws, at 6 cents ; 70 ^ inch bolts and nuts, at $1 50 per dozen 12 3^ inch bolts and nuts 30 pins for sash stops, at 3 cents 12 lights of glass, at $8 5 small tin ventilators, at $1 50 9 d a y s ' drilling, at $4 35 d a y s ' v i c e work, at $3 10 d a y s ' v i c e work, at $1 25 10 d a y s ' l a t h e work, at $6.^ • 4 d a y s ' lathe work, at $5 Painting 147 20 109 60 42 00 72 00 33 00 28 00 — 30 2 15 14 8 47 69 I 8 1 96 7 36 105 12 60 20 215 431 80 1,100 00 100 00 00 50 75 05 85 70 65 75 30 25 75 50 90 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 00 646 95 , 5,813 74 581 37 For apparatus 4th order lens, 180O, including freight and setting u p . . o . . 6,395 I I 904 89 Contingencies 10 per cent 7,300 00 RECAPITULATION OF ESTIMATES. F o r Erie beacon ; . .^ For H u r o n beacon For Black river pier head light ». ,. 5,2.50 00 4,580 00 7,300 00 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 401 APPENDIX No. 21. DETROIT, MICHIOAN, September 29, 1855. SIR : I have the honor to report the operations of the light-house service in this district during tlie last year. The contractors for the new light-houses resumed their labors on the opening of navigation, and will complete, this season, the light-house buildings at Milwaukee; the mouth of Grand river; the northern outlet of Winnebago lake; Eound island; Point Iroquois; Grand Island; mouth of Portage river; and Eagle river. A postponement of the time of opening the canal around Saut Sainte Marie delayed the commencement of the works on Lake Superipr, and consequently all the light-houses will not be flnished within the time designated in the contract, although the work appears to have been pursued with diligence. Five sets of illuminating apparatus and three steamer lens lanterns have been received, which have been ajaplied as follows: At Milwaukee, a 4th order revolving lens light; at Grand river, the same; at Eound island, a 5th order flxed light, varied by flashes; at the mouth of Portage river, a 5th order revolving light; at La Pointe harbor, a . 4th order fixed light; at the outlet of Winnebago lake, a steamer lens lantern, and a similar one substituted for the old reflectors in the lighthouse at the mouth of Clinton river. Contracts have been entered into for the construction of light-houses at Port Clinton, and Taylorsport, Illinois, and at Beaver Island harbor, Michigan. • The failure in some instances of securing a perfect title to the land, and in others of obtaining the requisite cession to the United States of the jurisdiction over the sites, has postponed the execution of contracts for building the other light-houses for which Congress has made appropriations. Thirty new spar buoys were placed upon St. Clair Flats, nearly all of which remain up to the present time. Two spar buoys have been moored upon the bar at the entrance of the harbor of Ohicago, and one renewed of those at the entrance of the Neenah river, in Green Bay. Eepairs of many of the light-houses in the district have been made, but they can only be considered as temporary, and will have to be renewed from time to time, owing to the original imperfect character of the materials and constructions ofthe buildings. Several will require to be rebuilt in a short time, and other aids to navigation furnished ; but I have not been able to devote the time necessary for a proper examination of the localities without neglecting other duties of more immediate necessity, owing to the insufficient facilities for travelling, and to the great extent of the district. Among the light-houses which it will be necessary to rebuild I will, however, mention that at Port du Mort. It is at present scarcely habitable, and any attempt to render it so by mere repairs would be useless. I therefore recommend that it be rebuilt upon the plan of 26 402 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. those last contracted for, and that an appropriation of $6,000 be asked for that purpose. Without having made a personal examination of the locality referred to in your letter of 30tli May, I am satisfled ofthe great utility of a light upon Traverse or Charity island in Saginaw bay. Its distance from the light-house at Ottawa Point is about eighteen miles, and an appropriation of $5,000 will cover the expense of a suitable building to contain a flfth or sixth order lens light. Eespectfully, your obedient servant, L. SITGEEAVES, Light-house Inspector, l l t h District. Lieut. T. A. JENKINS, Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 22. OFFICE TWELFTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, San Francisco, Califiornia, July 11, 1855. SIR : I have already announced to the board my arrival out here on the 30th ultimo. On the 5th instant I was enabled, through the polite attention of Lieutenant Commanding Alden, of the United States Coast Survey steanier Active, to visit the principal Farallone island, where I passed three hours, and made an examination of the light-house tower and dwelling. Ofthe former I enclose an elevation and sections, (marked 1,) made from measurements then taken. It is constructed, as I understand, of stone takeii from the rock near at hand, with a facing of brick of one thickness ; but whether in length or in breadth I did not learn. The masonry shows no crack in the wall outside, or in the plastering within, and, with the wood-work generally, appears a tolerably fair job. The principal exception to this is in the number 18 and cutting, and the size of the joints of the coping course, which is of red sand stone, twelve inches thick. The board has already been advised of the inadequate size of the tower. I may mention here that the crown of the arch is but 12 inches through, whereas the sleeping drum calls for 19^ inches ; and that the manhole through it is too small, being but 14 by 22^ inches— the latter dimension on the periphery instead of the radius. The error in the size of the tower I supposed, at flrst, might possibly be corrected by enlarging it sufficiently to receive the proper lantern. To ascertain the size of the lantern it has been necessary, in the absence of dimensions upon the tissue-paper copy of the details of the Hancock apparatus, &c., though the scale of proportion is mentioned, to make actual measurements of certain pieces in the store here. These showed an extreme diameter of 12 feet 2 inches, which, applied to a tower having sufficient thickness of masonry on the outside of the uprights for so exposed a site, would call for a diameter at top of 15 feet 5 inches, or 4 feet 5 inches more,than the dianieter of the present tower, exclusive of the projection of the coping of 2\ inches. An alteration to adapt the present tower to the proper lantern, &c., would REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 403 thus involve an increase of 2 feet 2^ inches in the thickness of the walls. This I would not hesitate to give them, did the space at the site warrant the measure. But it does not, as will be seen by the drawing already nientioned, the distance to the brink of the precipice, already so small as to endanger the safety of the keepers in their movements, if not ofthe tower itself, being reduced to two feet on one side and. three feet on the other. The circumstances of the case thus require not only the building of another tower, but the occupation of a new site. The authority for the flrst measure is communicated to my predecessor. Captain Graham, by the letter of the board of the 16th of March last. The second I shall assume, particularly as it is a matter of a change of but a few feet to where the ridge, on being cut down to the level of the present site, will expose a larger surface. I have now shown the unavailableness of the present tower, stated the reason it cannot be changed to receive a. flrst order "lighting > apparatus, and made the proposition to build another tower at a new site a few feet distant. A tower having already been built on the summit of the ridge, another, however great the difficulties, may of course again be built. But it is then that the greatest difficulties are to be overcome. I might refer to the hazards of flxing a lantern and lighting apparatus of the flrst order on a tower at a point so exposed from the great elevation and small size, as of no ordinary character. But these operations, difficult as they may prove, would be comparatively easy to the transportation of them up the steep to the site. This, for the most part, must be done in the original packages, some of which, besides being heavy, of great length, and ungainly forms, measure as many as 36, 46, and even as high as 67 cubic feet. In the natural state of the ground, the operation would only be second to an impossible one. According to a measurement of Lieutenant Trowbridge, of the engineers, the base of the present tower is 315 feet above high water ofthe sea, and taking the data as well as this can be done from a sketch of the island he has kindly furnished me, the angle of the hill sides for two-thirds of this elevation, never less than 45°, rises in places to 55° and even to 65°. Few, if any, unaccustomed to the ascent, can make it by the use of the feet alone—the hands must be brought into requisition, and even then a false step might precipitate the climber, by a series of pitches, to a dejith of nearly, if not quite, 200 feet. The bricks used in the present structure were transported on men's backs by fours and flves at a time, and then only for the portion of least acclivity, a windlass being employed to raise them the remainder of the height. I mention these facts to give the bo^rd some idea of the impracticable character df the ground. I send, also, with the same object, a copy of Lieutenant Trowbridge's sketch of the island, including views, as well as a view taken by the draughtsman of the office, from the Active, lying at the usual anchorage off the island. They will convince the board, I presume, as I am myself convinced, that the construction of a road of some sort to the selected site is absolutely necessary. The time, laibor, and money, it will cost are serious objections, but unless made, I do not hesitate to express the opinion that the light will never be exhibited. Eelying upon being sustained 404 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. b y t h e board, I propose, then, 1, to construct such a road to the summit of the island as will insure the safe and ready transport of the lantern and lighting a.pparatus; 2, to build another tower, conforming in the main to the modiflcation of the plan of the present one, 'as shown in tracing No. 2, sent herewith; and 3, to change the site a few feet, as already mentioned and shown in the sketch herewith. No. 3, made from memory. ' I desire, before closing upon the subject of the light on the Farallone, the board should know I am of opinion that the above recited meas^' ures can be carried out only at great cost. A survey of some sort is necessary to determine the plan, and to lay out the road on the best ground, and for this purpose, as I have no officer able to perform the duty," a surveyor rnust be employed. There is little or no communication between the main land and the island, and the cost of getting to it may be judged of when I state, that to be landed there one day and taken off the next cost $100, the services being performed by a pilot boat which might be said to be on her usual cruising ground. I may mention also that I have had the offer of the services of a superintendent for $10 a day and his expenses paid, and this I am told may be considered as rather under the current price of this class of employees. Captain Graham tells me further that the machinist who put up the apparatus of the Point Bonita light received the same per diem. All "other labor and materials for the most part are equally high. The carting, freighting, landing and securing the lanterii and lighting apparatus on the island, consisting as it does of 73 cases, some very heavy, and others requiring great care in handling, will cost largely, particularly as the landing is of a very exposed character. To lessen these expenses, I shall, as a matter, of duty, avail myself of every occasion. Still with every effort the cost in all cases must be large, and to those unaccustomed to the current prices on this coast will appear even more so. The disbursing officer may regret but cannot change the state of things. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant. HAETMAN BACHE, Major Top. Engs., Brevet Major. Captain EDMUND L . F . HARDCASTLE, Engineer, Secretary Light-House Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 23. OFFICE TWELFTH LIGHT-HOUSB DISTRICT, San Francisco, Califiornia, July 27, 1855. SIR : In accordance with the intention .expressed in my letter of the 13th, I have the honor to forward by the same mail with this*a roll containing a clraft of a propeller steamer for light-house service on this coast, and an estimate herein of the cost. The following is a general description of the vessel and engines : Length 160 feet, beam 27 feet, and depth of hold 9 | feet. . Tonnage, 388 tons. Poop cabin, 4^ feet under deck ; extreme height, 7 | feet; 27 feet in length ; to REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 405' form on occasion two cabins by sliding doors. Eig, three-masted schooner with gaff topsails ; the foremast having in addition two square sails ; jib set to stem ; no bowsprit. Forecastle 18 feet extreme length. Windlass with pump-break and capstan, respectively forward and aft of the forecastle hatch. Length of hold, 73 feet. Two direct acting condensing engines, with 32 inches cylinders and 28 inches stroke. Propeller wheel of two blades only, so arranged as to be raised out of water when under sail without steam. Tw^o boilers, each say 14 feet 6 inches long by 7 feet diameter. Consumption of anthracite coal about 14 tons in 24 hours steaming. The principal timbers, &c., of the hull," to give sufficient strength, should not measure less than as follows : timbers, best sea coast white oak, 8 | by 7 inches, tapering to 6 by 5 inches, one distance apart; knees and clamps to correspond ;, garboard streak, 5^ inches ; bilge streak, 3 | inches, and planking 3 inches. Four 12 by 12 inches kelsons, extending the whole length, except the _ upper one, cut off forward of the engine. The skin or lining 2^ to 3 inches plank. Deck beams of Carolina pine, 10. by 8 inches, alternating with carlins 7 by 6 inches; deck plank, 3 inches. Four boats, all ofwhich should be surf boats, two being specially designed for landing materials, &c., are, with the davits, provided for in the estimate. I beg you to understand that in proposing a vessel as above described I am quite sensible of my deficiencies, and of the better judgment ofthe members ofthe board, particularly those ofthe naval service, in such matters. My object in going further than to express a conviction of the necessity of a steam vessel for light-house, purposes on this coast is merely to indicate the qualities which, as a landsman, it seemed to me a vessel for the particular service in qustion should possess. These qualities should combine, 1. As smalPa draft of tonnage as with safety would meet the wants of the service. 2. The qualities and economy of a sailing vessel, as far as these are compatible with the use of. steam as an auxiliary power. The estimate is confined to the bare construction of the vessel, &c. The exjiense of sending her round here should, of course, be added to make up the gross amount required. - The estimate of this expense the board can best determine, as it can also the annual cost of running such a vessel, using steam only when the wind fails, or in extreme emergency. I cannot show better the present necessity for the services of a steam vessel on this coast for light-house purposes than to state some of the offers made on inquiries for a vessel for freighting, &c., in building at the Farallones. One schooner of about 200 tons, represented and believed to be a good vessel, with 10 men, $2,000 per month. Another from the same parties, under 100 tons, with six men, for $1,500 per month ; a third abo.ut the same tonnage for $1,200-for the first month, then $1,500. One of rather less than 100 tons, with four men, 6 years old, flat bottom and sliding keel, well found in ground tackle, $800. Again, for a small schooner to take the lanterns, lenticular apparatus, and a small quantity of materials and two men to the nearest landing to the San Diego light-house, $800 was charged and refused, and the freight, &c., sent in a regular packet at $10 per 406 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. ton and present passage money for the men, with the risk of not being landed at Point Loma. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HAETMAN BACHE, Maj. Top. Eng., Brevet Major. Capt. E. L. F . HARDCASTLE, Engineer, Secretary Light-liouse Board, Washington, D. C. Estimate ofi the cost ofi a propeller steamer 1%0 fieet long, 2^ fieet beam, and 2 \ fieet hold; rig-—three-masted schooner, braced with iron diagonally crossing the timbers, coppered, built ofi the best quality ofi matericds in a workmanlike manner ; two condensing engines, 52-inch cylinder and 28 inches stroke. Hull . Joiners' work Painting - Spars and blocks - _ Iron work for the same, stauncheons, &c. Eigging, chandlery, &c. Eiggers Anchors and chains Sails and covers Plumbing Brass work side lights, &c. Carving Coppering with No. 22 Engines, boilers, and propellers Boats and oars, &c., davits, &c. Amount 10 per cent, for contingencies Total amount - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - $16,750 1,650 650 _ 600, 575 70O 170 -1,775 700 250 260 50 3,600 17,500 1,500 - . - - 46,730 4,673 51,403 HAETMAN BACHE, Brevet Major Topographical Engineers. OFFICE TWELFTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, San Francisco, Califiornia, July 27, 1855, APPENDIX, No 24. OFFICE TWELFTH LIGHT-HOUSE DISTRICT, SanFrancisco, Califiornia, Sept. 24, 1855. SIR : I very respectfully recommend to the board, to be included in the deflciency bill of the next session, or in case there should not be one, in the annual estimates for the next fiscal year, the following items, to w i t : REPORT ON THE FINANCES. 407 For a road from the keeper's dwelling to the light-house tower on the peak at the South Farallones -$1,500 For a road from La Plaza, San Diego Bay, to the light-house on Point Loma -'1,500 I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HAETMAN BACHE, Brevet Major Topographical Engineers. Lieut. THORNTON A. JENKINS, U . S . N . , Secretary Light-house Board, Washington, D. C. APPENDIX No. 25. OFFICE TWELFTH LIG-HT-HOUSE DISTRICT, San Francisco, September 28, 1855. SIR : I reported on the 19th that I had been down the coast as far as San Diego, and would forward by the present mail a more detailed report of the points I visited than I was then able to make. The immediate object of my journey was in reference to the measures in progress to alter and fit up the light-houses at Point Conception and Point Loma. Besides these places, I had opportunities also of seeing, but not visiting, the light-house at Point Pinos, Monterey, the site at Santa Barbara, and examining the site at San Pedro. I will now refer to them in the order of their geographical position. Light-house at Point Pinos.—The stay of the steamer at Monterey, both going and returning, was too short to admit of my visiting this light-house. An opportunity, however, was afforded by entering and departing from the harbor, both in the day time and at night, to judge ofthe eligibility ofthe site. I regret to say the result of this cursory examination was entirely unfavorable to the point now occupied. It answers neither the condition of a coast light or a harbor ligiit as fully as it might. Of the entire history of its present position I am not clearly informed. Common report ascribes the final selection to the contractor for building the light-house. The Coast Survey report and sketch of 1851 gives the three points a, b, and c, from among which to select the site, and the first, as is alleged, was chosen by them as more convenient than either of the other two, from which to obtaiii the stone used in building. Were the wants of navigation alone to be considered, the point c, an, island rock, at high-water, is doubtless the best, as the light could then be seen not only closer in shore to the southward of Cyjiress point, distant about four miles, but also further up the harbor itself But a construction at a position so exposed to the batter of the ocean would hardly justify the cost over one at b, removed little more than one-eighth of a mile back and above the high-water line. The position at |)oint a, is about a quarter of a mile still further removed inland, with a consequent reduced arc of visibility. The light is soon lost sight of in approaching Monterey, due in a great measure to the interposition of trees, the light having 408 REPORT ON THE FINANCES. been built just at the edge of, if not within the woods. Whenever I have the nieans, by a proper survey,' of determining the space from which the trees should be cut, to give full effect to the light throughout the entire arc of visibility called for by the position and elevation, I will have them removed. Point Conception light-house.—Landed at Point Conception on the morning of the 31st ultimo. Mr. Merrill, with the workmen, materials for rebuilding the tower, and the main parts of the frame of the lantern, arrived on Monday week previous, the 20th. It required three days for the crew of the schooner, assisted by the workmen, to land the freight through the surf at the Coxo. The floors of the dwelling were already shored up, and the tower pulled down quite to the foundation; the new materials in part hauled to the site; the old materials in course of preparation for re-use, and one slope ofthe roof of the dwelling nearly shingled. The work had been somewhat retarded by the indisposition of one of the masons, caused by exposure to water in landing the materials. The only changes made in the plan already forwarded to the board were in removing the tower a few inches back from the centre of the building, in order to give room for opening the front door; to retain the position of the old walls of the cistern, as they are required as foundations for the walls carried up through the house, and for extending the cistern to the northwesterly corner of the cellar. Personal examination fully conflrmed the report of Mr. Merrill of the character of the materials and workmanship employed in the'construction. The rebuilding the tower was to commence on the 3d, with a fair prospect, considering the adverse circumstances under which the operations must be carried on, of completing the work at an early day. Among these may be mentioned the hauling of the materials, even to the sand and water used in building, over roads at points deep with sand, and of considerable acclivity, requiring the employment of four mule trains to draw even a fourth the usual load, and the absence of all labor and materials at any price, to meet a pressing emergency. Measurements were made of the dwelling. The height, also, of the site, was ascertained by plummet and level. It is 215 feet. The focal plane will be 33 feet above the ground, thus^making the whole height of that plane, above high water of spring tides, 248 feet. I left Point Conception on the morning ofthe 3d; a letter from Mr. Merrill of the 14th, received, of course, since my return, says : ^^ The General Pierce arrived here on the l l t h and has just flnished landing her freight for this place." >{^ * ^ ^^Thefreiglit was landed as well as it could be. Some of the boxes had to be opened on board on account of the weight of them; but I have taken all possible care that nothing shoul