Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1986
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
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RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
MAY 2, 1986
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 1986
The number of jobs on nonfarm payrolls rose in April, and unemployment
was about unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department
of Labor reported today. The overall unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
and the civilian worker rate was 7.1 percent.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by the survey of
business establishments—rose by about 200,000 to reach the 100-million
mark in April. Despite weakness in mining and manufacturing, almost 1
million jobs have been added during the first 4 months of 1986. Civilian
employment—as measured by the survey of households—was little changed
over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The
number
of
unemployed
persons—8.3
million,
seasonally
adjusted—was virtually unchanged in April, as was the civilian worker
unemployment rate of 7.1 percent. There were some minor offsets among the
major age-sex groups, however, as the unemployment rate of teenagers rose
(to 19.6 percent), while that for adults dropped slightly.
Jobless rates
for whites (6.1 percent), blacks (14.8 percent), and Hispanics (10.4
percent) were all about the same as in the previous month. (See tables A-2
and A-3.)
Among those unemployed in April, there was a decline in the number of
job losers, particularly those on layoff, but an increase in the number of
job leavers. The mean and median duration of unemployment were about
unchanged at 6.5 and 14.3 weeks, respectively. (See tables A-7 and A-8.)
The number of persons working part time for economic reasons—often
referred to as the partially unemployed—rose by nearly 400,000 to 5.9
million. This increase was concentrated among persons who usually work
full time but had their hours cut as a result of slack work. (See table
A-4.)
- 2 Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
At 108.9 million, seasonally adjusted, civilian employment
was
virtually unchanged in April, and there were no substantive over-the-month
changes among the major age, sex, race, and ethnic groups.
The civilian
employment-population ratio—the proportion of the civilian population with
Table A* Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly
averages
Monthly data
Mar.Apr.
change
Category
1985
IV
1986
1986
Feb.
I
Mar.
Apr.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..
117,858
109,696
116,158
107,996
8,162
62,783
1,187
Thousands of:
117,718 118,779
110,460 110,252
117,027 117,088
108,768 108,561
8,527
8,259
62,798
62,733
1,097
N.A.
persons
118,900
110,481
117,207
108,788
8,419
62,778
N.A.
118,929
110,587
117,234
108,892
8,342
62,914
N.A.
29
106
27
104
-77
136
N.A.
7.0
7.1
6.0
6.4
19.6
6.1
14.8
10.4
-0.1
-.1
-.2
-.2
1.4
-.1
.1
.1
Thousands oi jobs
p99,662
99,656 p99,834 pl00,040
p25,237
25,251 p25,161 p25,182
p74,425
74,405 p74,673 p74,857
p206
P 21
pl85
Percent of ].abor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers.
White
Black
Hispanic origin ...
6.9
7.0
6.0
6.4
19.0
6.0
15.1
10.7
7.0
7.1
6.1
6.5
18.5
6.1
14.6
10.9
7.2
7.3
6.2
6.7
19.0
6.4
14.8
12.3
7.1
7.2
6.2
6.6
18.2
6.2
14.7
10.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment
Goods-producing
Service-producing....
98,815
25,098
73,717
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
35.1
40.8
3.5
p35.1
p40.8
p3.5
1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p=preliminary.
35.0
40.6
3.4
p35.0
p40.7
p3.4
p35.0
p40.6
p3.5
pO
p-0.1
p.l
N.A.-not available.
- 3 jobs—was 60.4 percent, the same as in the previous 2 months.
Over the
year, civilian employment rose by 1.7 million, after adjustment for the
population revisions introduced in January. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The civilian labor force held steady at 117.2 million, after seasonal
adjustment.
In the past year, the civilian labor force has also grown by
about 1.7 million (again, after adjustment for population revisions).
Adult women accounted for nearly three-fifths of the increase. Because the
teenage population was declining between 1978 and 1985, their teenage labor
force also decreased throughout most of that period. Over the past year,
however, both the teenage population and labor force
levels
have
stabilized.
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls rose by
April to 100 million, after seasonal adjustment, continuing
pattern of modest job growth. The job count was 2.9 million
year-earlier
level.
Construction and services paced the
expansion. (See table B-l.)
205,000 in
the recent
above its
April job
In the service-producing sector, the services industry continued its
strong job expansion, increasing by 85,000.
There was also a gain of
45,000 in finance, insurance, and real estate, in part reflecting the boom
in mortgage financing brought on by falling interest rates. Wholesale
trade posted an increase of 25,000, while retail trade employment rose
about in line with the usual seasonal expectation for April and thus was
little changed after seasonal adjustment. Employment in government and
transportation and public utilities was unchanged. Overall, employment in
the sector rose by 185,000.
In the goods-producing sector, employment in the
construction
industry, at nearly 5 million in April, increased by 85,000 over the month,
after adjustment for seasonality. This increase reflects the continued
strength in the housing industry and especially dry weather during the
April survey period.
In marked contrast, the oil and gas extraction component of the mining
This
industry continued to trend downward, dropping by 35,000 in April.
industry has lost 1 out of 8 of its jobs in the last 3 months.
Manufacturing employment continued to wane, edging down by 25,000 over the
month, the third consecutive decline.
There were small but widespread
declines among many of the individual manufacturing industries.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls remained at 35.0 hours in April, after
seasonal adjustment. Weekly hours in manufacturing edged down 0.1 hour to
40.6 hours, while factory overtime increased 0.1 hour to 3.5 hours. (See
table B-2.)
- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was about unchanged at 119,1
(1977=100), after seasonal adjustment. The mining index declined sharply
for the third straight month, falling by 4.0 percent in April to 96.6.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly and weekly earnings were unchanged in April, both on an
actual and seasonally adjusted basis. Average hourly earnings were $8.74,
not seasonally adjusted, and average weekly earnings were $304.15.
Over
the past year, hourly earnings rose 20 cents and weekly earnings $6.10.
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 168.8 (1977=100) in April,
seasonally adjusted, unchanged from March.
For the 12 months ended in
April, the increase was 2.5 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two
types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations
in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars
of constant purchasing power, the HEI increased 0.7 percent during the
12-months ended in March. (See table B-4.)
Revisions in the Establishment Survey data
The Employment Situation news release of
revisions in the establishment-based series
employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the
adjustments and updated seasonal factors.
May data will introduce
on nonagricultural payroll
regular annual benchmark
The Employment Situation for May 1986 will be released on Friday,
6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
June
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 59,500 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 200,000 establishments employing
over 35 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armdd Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• — The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. At the time the first
half year's factors are calculated (upon availability of data for
December), historical data for the previous 5-year period are
subject to revision. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year,
along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are
discussed at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error
from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total
unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly ,
change in the jobless rate for men is .26 percentage point; for • r
teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $4.50 per issue or $31.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers In thousand*)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not eeaeonally adjusted
Apr .
1985
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr .
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1 986
Feb.
1 986
Mar .
1 986
Apr .
1 986
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population'
Labor force8
Participation r*te a
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
Not In labor force
179,501
1 16,027
64.6
107,877
60. 1
1 ,702
106,175
3,229
102,946
8,150
7.0
63,474
181,678
118,002
65.0
109,336
60.2
1 ,693
107,643
2,899
104,744
8,667
7.3
63,675
181,843
118,012
64.9
109,896
60.4
1 ,695
108,201
3,121
105,080
8,115
6.9
63,831
179,501
1 16,958
65.2
108,574
60.5
1 ,702
106,872
3,353
103,519
8,384
7.2
62,543
180,810
117,927
65.2
109,904
60.8
1 ,698
108,206
3,151
105,055
8,023
6.8
62,883
181 , 3 6 1
118,477
65.3
110,646
61 . 0
1 ,691
108,955
3,299
105,655
7,831
6.6
62,885
85,827
65,359
76.2
60,779
70.8
1 ,553
59,226
4,580
7.0
87,035
66,154
76.0
61,226
70.3
1 ,540
59,686
4,928
7.4
87,120
66,192
76 . 0
61 , 6 6 5
70.8
1 ,541
60,124
4,527
6.8
85,827
65,929
76.8
61,373
71 . 5
1 ,553
59,820
4,556
6.9
86,459
66,139
76.5
61,793
71 . 5
1 ,549
60,2'44
4,346
6.6
86,882
66,679
76.7
62,458
71 . 9
1 ,539
60 , 9 1 9
4,221
6.3
93,674
50,668
54. 1
47,098
50.3
149
46,949
3,570
7.0
94,643
51,849
54.8
48,110
50.8
153
47,957
3,739
7.2
94,723
51,819
54.7
48,231
50.9
154
48,077
3,588
6.9
93,674
51 , 0 2 9
54.5
47,201
50.4
149
47,052
3,828
7.5
94,351
51,788
54.9
48,111
51 . 0
149
47,962
3,677
7. 1
94,479
51,797
54.8
48,187
51 . 0
152
48,035
3,610
7.0
181,512
1 18,779
65.4
110,252
60.7
1 ,691
108,561
3,096
105,465
8,527
7.2
62,733
181,678
118,900
65.4
110,481
60.8
1 ,693
108,788
3,285
105,503
8,419
7.1
62,778
181,843
118,929
65.4
1 10,587
60.8
1 ,695
108,892
3 ,222
105,670
8,342
7.0
62,914
86,954
66,838
76.9
62,243 .
71 . 6
1 ,539
60,704
4,595
6.9
87,035
66 , 8 6 4
76.8
62,288
71 . 6
1 ,540
60 , 7 4 8
4,577
6.8
87,120
66,757
76.6
62,254
71 . 5
1 ,541
60,713
4,503
6.7
94,558
51,941
54.9
48,009
50.8
152
47,857
3,932
7.6
94,643
52,036
55.0
48,194
50 . 9
1 53
48,041
3,842
7.4
94,723
52,172
55. 1
48,333
51.0
1 54
48,179
3,839
7.4
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population3
Labor force2
Participation rate*
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Participation rate 1
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
1
The population and Aimed Forcea figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seaaonally adjusted
columns.
2
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed In the United States.
' tabor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
• Unemployment as a percent of the tabor force (including the resident Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employmant atatua of tha civilian population by aax and aga
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally ad|ustfd
Employment status, sex, and aga
Apr.
1 985
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jen.
1986
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1 986
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 1 . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
77,799
14,325
64.3
06,175
59.7
8,150
7.1
179,985
116,309
64.6
107,643
59.8
8,667
7.5
180,148
116,317
64.6
108,201
60. 1
8,115
7.0
177,799
115,256
64.8
106,872
60. 1
8,384
7.3
179,112
116,229
64.9
108,206
60.4
8,023
6.9
179,670
116,786
65.0
108,955
60.6
7,831
6.7
179,821
117,088
65.1
108,561
60.4
8,527
7.3
179,985
117,207
65.1
108,788
60.4
8,419
7.2
180,148
1 17,234
65. 1
108,892
60.4
8,342
7.1
76,988
59,914
77.8
56,012
72.8
2,302
53,710
3,902
6.5
78,236
60,908
77.9
56,730
72.5
2,177
54,553
4,178
6.9
78,309
60,801
77.6
57,010
72.8
2,298
54,713
3,791
6.2
76,988
60,165
78. 1
56,390
73.2
2,358
54,032
3,775
6.3
77,651
60,548
78.0
56,982
73.4
2,278
54,704
3,566
5.9
78,101
61,212
78.4
57,706
73.9
2,349
55,356
3,507
5.7
78,171
61,183
78.3
57,384
73.4
2,258
55,127
3,799
6.2
78,236
61 ,268
78.3
57,459
73.4
2,411
55,048
3,809
6.2
78,309
61 ,053
78.0
57,391
73.3
2,347
55,043
3,663
6.0
86,274
47,044
54.5
44,042
51 .0
605
43,437
3,002
6.4
87,263
48,060
55. 1
44,948
51 . 5
529
44,420
3,111
6.5
87,355
48,047
55.0
45,120
51 . 7
554
44,566
2,927
6.1
86,274
47,103
54.6
43,925
50.9
633
43,292
3,178
6.7
86,988
47,870
55.0
44,882
51 .6
597
44,285
2,988
6.2
87,112
47,895
55.0
44,980
51 .6
696
44,284
2,915
6.1
87,185
47,921
55.0
44,710
51 . 3
593
44,117
3,21 1
6.7
87,263
47,952
55.0
44,797
51 .3
598
44,199
3,155
6.6
87,355
48,107
55. 1
45,009
51 .5
576
44,433
3,097
6.4
14,538
7,367
50.7
6,121
42.1
322
5,799
1 ,246
16.9
14,485
7,342
50.7
5,964
41.2
194
5,771
1 ,378
18.8
14,484
7,468
51 . 6
6,071
41 . 9
270
5,801
1 ,397
18.7
14,538
7,988
54.9
6,557
45. 1
362
6,195
1 ,431
17.9
14,474
7,81 1
54.0
6,342
43.8
276
6,066
1 ,469
18.8
14,458
7,678
53.1
6,269
43.4
254
6,015
1 ,409
18.4
14,465
7,984
55.2
6,467
44.7
246
6,221
1 ,517
19.0
14,485
7,987
55.1
6,532
45.1
276
6,256
1 ,455
18.2
14,484
8,074
55.7
6,492
44.8
298
6,194
1 ,582
19.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio* . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio* . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio? . . .
Agriculture
Nonagrigultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjuated columns.
1
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
T a b l e A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
{Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Apr.
Mar .
Apr .
Apr .
1 985
1986
1986
1985
Dec .
1985
Jan.
1 986
Feb.
1 986
Mar .
Apr .
1 986
1 986
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
153,388
99,023
64.6
92,950
60.6
.6,074
6.1
155,005
100,558
64.9
93,984
60.6
6,574
6.5
155,122
100,528
64.8
94,533
60.9
5,996
6.0
153,388
99,718
65.0
93,470
60.9
6,248
6.3
154,327
100,533
65. 1
94,585
61 . 3
5,948
5.9
154,784
100 , 9 6 1
65.2
95,165
61 . 5
5,796
5.7
154,889
101 , 2 3 2
65.4
94,803
61 . 2
6,429
6.4
155,005
101,248
65.3
94,958
61.3
6,290
6.2
1 5 5 , 122
101,249
65 . 3
95,081
61.3
6,168
6. 1
52,631
78.3
49,670
73.9
2,960
5.6
53,386
78.3
50,108
73.5
3,278
6.1
53,279
78. 1
50,413
73.9
2,867
5.4
52,825
78.6
49,947
74.3
2,878
5.4
53,097
78.4
50,408
74.4
2,689
5.1
53,603
78.7
50,944
74.8
2,659
5.0
53,598
78.6
50,691
74.4
2,906
5.4
53,613
78.6
50,665
74.3
2,948
5.5
53,504
78.4
50,717
74 . 3
2 , 786
5.2
39,990
53.9
37,799
50.9
2,191
5.5
40,828
54.5
38,522
51 . 4
2,306
5.6
40,796
54.4
38,682
51 . 6
2,114
5.2
40,003
53.9
37,677
50.8
2,326
5.8
40,659
54.4
38,475
51 . 5
2,184
5.4
40,691
54.4
38,546
51 . 5
2,145
5.3
40,698
54.4
38,298
51 . 1
2,401
5.9
40,750
54.4
38,407
51 . 3
2,343
5.8
40 , 8 0 8
54.4
38,566
51 . 4
2,242
5.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
. r
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women
6,403
53.7
5,481
46.0
922
14.4
14.9
13.9
6,345
53.5
5,355
45.2
990
15.6
17.0
14.2
6,453
54.3
5,438
45.8
1 ,015
15.7
16.3
15.1
6,890
57.8
5,846
49.0
1 ,044
15.2
15.7
14.5
6,777
57. 1
5,702
48. 1
1 ,075
15.9
16.2
15.5
6,667
56.2
5,675
47.8
992
14.9
14.7
15.1
6,936
58.5
5,814
49.0
1 , 122
16.2
16*. 5
15.8
6,885
58. 1
5,886
49.6
999
14.5
15.3
13.7
6,937
58.4
5,797
48.8
1,140
16.4
17.2
15.6
19,594
12,197
62.2
10,370
52.9
1 ,827
15.0
19,889
12,479
62.7
10,643
53.5
1 ,836
14.7
19,916
12,579
63.2
10,737
53.9
1 ,842
14.6
19,594
12,364
63.1
10,489
53.5
1 ,875
15.2
19,819
12,522
63.2
10,657
53.8
1 ,865
14.9
19,837
12,548
63.3
10,737
54. 1
1 ,810
14.4
19,863
12,545
63.2
10,690
53.8
1 ,855
14.8
19,889
12,656
63.6
10,791
54.3
1 ,865
14.7
19,916
12,740
64.0
10,856
54.5
1 ,884
14.8
5,692
73.9
4,888
63.5
805
14.1
5,858
74.5
5,081
64.6
777
13.3
5,890
74.8
5,098
64.8
792
13.4
5,714
74.2
4,952
64.3
762
13.3
5,797
74.2
5,035
64.5
762
13.1
5,887
75.1
5,142
65.6
745
12.7
5,858
74.6
5,081
64.7
778
13.3
5,913
75.2
5,169
65. 7
744
12.6
5,916
75 . 1
5 , 1 70
65. 7
746
12.6
5,705
58.6
4,978
51 . 2
726
12.7
5,787
58.5
5,082
51 . 4
705
12.2
5,839
58. 9
5 , 1 35
51 . 8
703
12.0
5,745
59.0
4,988
51 . 3
757
13.2
5,835
59.2
5 , 1 02
51 . 7
733
12.6
5,762
58.4
5,074
51 . 5
689
12.0
5,776
58.5
5,054
51 . 2
722
12.5
5,791
58.5
5,087
51 . 4
704
12.2
5,875
59 . 3
5,140
51.9
735
12.5
800
37.0
504
23.3
296
37.0
36 . 4
37.6
834
39. 1
480
22.5
354
42.5
43.4
41 . 5
850
39.8
504
23.6
346
40. 7
38.6
42.9
905
41 . 8
549
25.4
356
39.3
39.4
39.3
890
41 . 5
520
24.2
370
41 . 6
41 . 0
42.3
898
42.0
522
24.4
376
41 . 9
41 . 3
42.4
91 1
42.6
555
26.0
356
39. 1
38.7
39.5
951
44.5
535
25. 1
416
43.7
44. 1
43 . 4
949
44 . 4
545
25.5
404
42.6
41.4
43 . 8
11 , 8 2 6
7,550
63.8
6,796
57.5
754
10.0
12,219
7,871
64.4
7,006
57.3
865
11.0
12,255
7,906
64.5
7,115
58. 1
791
10.0
11 , 8 2 6
7,607
64.3
6,814
57.6
793
10.4
12,111
7,772
64.2
6,962
57.5
810
10.4
12,148
7,787
64. 1
6,998
57.6
789
10.1
12,184
7,943
65.2
6,969
57.2
974
12.3
12,219
7,920
64.8
7 , 1 05
58.2
815
10.3
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
1
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
12,255
7 , 975
65 . 1
7 , 1 44
58 . 3
832
10.4
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included
in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected amploymant Indicators
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Category
Apr .
1985
Apr.
1985
Apr.
1986
Mar .
1986
Dec.
1985
Apr .
1 986
Mar .
1986
Feb.
1986
Jan.
1986
CHARACTERISTIC
108,206
39,278
26,804
5,693
643
050
736
777
1 0 8 , ,201
3 9 , ,397
2 6 , ,856
5 , ,841
1 0 6 , .872
3 9 ,. 3 6 2
2 6 ,. 0 8 7
5 ,. 6 0 3
1 ,6 0 3
1 ,4 3 3
192
1 .,4 1 5
1 >332
,
152
1 .,5 4 9
1 >415
i
158
1 .,6 5 3
1 >493
,
219
1 ,572
1 ,409
164
9 4 ,, 9 0 7
16, 255
7 8 ,. 6 5 2
1 .,1 6 3
7 7 ,. 4 8 9
7 ,. 7 3 4
305
96, >899
16,>465
8 0 , >435
1 >138
,
7 9 , >297
7,>590
254
97, >242
16,>495
80, >746
1 >263
,
79, >483
7,>586
253
95, >493
15,>955
79, >538
1 >218
;
78, >320
7,, 7 1 7
305
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5. >239
2, >433
2 i>452
14, >353
5,, 3 1 6
2 ,351
2 ,696
14 , 7 1 7
5,, 4 4 9
2 ,465
2 j, 6 4 1
14 , 9 9 2
5
2
2
13
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
4,>998
2, >273
2 i>393
13, >835
5
2
2
14
,199
,321
,547
,565
5
2
2
12
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse prsssnt
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1 06
39,
26,
5,
175
197
136
628
107,
39
26
5,
108,
39,
26,
5,
955
615
958
702
108,
39,
26,
5,
561
382
593
733
108,
39,
26,
5,
788
365
656
771
108,892
39,555
26,802
5,812
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private Industries
Private households.
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1 ,6 8 9
1 .,4 5 3
1 72
1,587
1 ,475
180
9 7 , >516
16, > 1 04
81 j>412
1 >197
,
8 0 , >216
7,>669
270
9 7 , >698
16, >095
81 ,>604
1 >213
,
8 0 , >390
7,>644
240
97,831
16,187
81 , 6 4 3
1 ,321
80,322
7,571
253
5,, 3 7 7
2,, 3 6 9
2 ,703
13 , 8 1 7
5
2
2
13
,538
,330
,953
,754
5,923
2,603
2,974
13,933
5
2
2
13
5
2
2
13
,301
,159
,861
,285
5,621
2,430
2,849
13,599
1 ,673
1 .,4 9 2
163
1 ,,5 1 9
1 .,4 4 4
156
96,921
16,194
80,727
1 ,131
79,596
7,903
250
9 7 , >91 1
16, >418
81 ,>494
1 >256
,
8 0 , >238
7,>655
273
,690
,567
,767
,356
5,494
2,303
2,864
13,556
5,>543
2,>364
2,> 8 8 3
13:, 9 5 8
,402
,380
,679
,926
5,294
2,195
2,760
13,122
5
2
2
13
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
,121
,219
,641
,321
5
2
2
14
,275
,208
,776
,441
,158
,224
,636
,369
1
Excludes persons "with s job but not st work" during ths survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or Industrial dlsputs.
Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly avsragsa
Measurs
Feb.
Mar .
Apr .
1 .9
2.0
1 .9
1 .8
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.4
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.4
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.7
7.2
7.1
6.9
7.0
7.2
7. 1
7.0
IV
I
2.0
1 .9
3.6
3.6
5.7
5.7
7.0
7.2
II
Persoas unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force
2.0
2.0
U-2
Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
3.7
U-3
Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of t h j
civilian labor force
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time
civilian labor force
U-4
U-5a Total unemployed as s psrosnt of the labor force, including ths
resident Armed Forces
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-6
Total full-time jobsseksrs plus Vt psrt-tims jobsseksrs plus Vt total on part tlms
for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vt of the
part-time labor force
U-7
Total full-time jobaeekers.plus Vt part-time jobsseksrs plus Vt total on part
time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus discouraged workers Isss Vt of ths
part-time labor force
N.A = not available.
1 986
1986
1 985
I
U-1
Monthly data
III
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.2
7.1
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.4
9.6
9.6
9.7
10.8
10.7
10.7
10.4
10.3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed perione
On thousands)
Unemployment rates'
Category
Apr.
Her.
Apr.
Apr.
Dec.
1985
1966
1986
1985
1985
Jan.
1986
8,384
4,556
3,775
3,828
3,178
1 ,431
8,419
4,577
3,809
3,842
3,155
1 ,455
8,342
4,503
3,663
3,839
3,097
1 ,582
7.
7.
6.
7.
6.
17.
3
1
3
5
7
9
6. 9
6. 7
5. 9
1
6. 2
18. 8
6.
6.
5.
7.
6.
18.
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain famillea
1 ,759
1 ,609
673
1 ,856
1 ,581
648
1 ,750
1 ,487
600
4. 3
5. 8
10. ,7
4. 3
5. 3
9, 4
4. 3
5. 1
9, 9
4. 5
5 . ,5
9 . ,9
Part-time workers
6,845
1 ,580
6,918
1 ,503
6,783
1 ,598
6. 9
9 , ,7
8. 2
6. 6
9. 0
7. 8
6. 4
8. 4
7. 6
7, .3
10, ,6
13, .3
7..9
7,, 7
8 , ,2
5. .4
7,»4
5 ,. 7
3,• 9
13,. 2
6 . ,9
10. .3
12, .6
7,, 3
7.,3
7, ,3
. 5,. 0
7,.6
5,. 3
3.. 8
10,.6
Feb.
1986
Her.
1986
Apr .
1986
7.
7.
6.
7.
6.
19.
7.
7.
6.
7.
6.
18.
7.1
6.9
6.0
7.4
6.4
19.6
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 yeara and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 yeara and over
Women, 20 yeara and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
—
—
—
?.
7
5
7
0
1
4
3
0
2
6
7
0
2
0
2
4
6
2
4. 5
5. 6
1 0 ., 1
4.2
5.3
9.4
6 . ,9
9 . ,4
8 ., 1
6 . ,9
9 ., 1
8 ., 1
6.7
9.6
8.1
7,.2
9,.2
13, .2
7, . 2
7,.4
7,.0
5,. 3
7,, 8
5,. 9
3 .8
14 . 3
7,,2
10, .4
13, ,0
7,. 2
6. .8
7,. 7
6,. 1
7,.6
5 .7
4 .0
1 1. 9
7.2
12.8
12.0
6.8
6.8
6.8
5.6
8. 1
5.9
3.5
13.4
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and aatary workers . . .
Mining
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service Industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
1
6,240
112
785
1 ,748
1 ,029
719
328
1 ,633
1 ,634
639
251
6,287
109
799
1 ,571
891
680
377
1 ,707
1 ,724
671
227
6,323
128
747
1 ,497
893
604
337
1 ,844
1 ,771
594
246
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours* lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic
6 , ,7
10, .9
12, ,9
7..0
7,.0
7, . 1
4, .3
7,. 2
5,. 2
3,.4
10,. 9
rtaaona as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Weeks of unemployment
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
3,562
3,589
2,640
2,258
1 ,099
1 ,159
Apr.
1985
Her.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
3,120
2,242
2,788
1 ,306
1 ,483
3,194
2,867
1 ,352
1 ,254
3,214
2,395
2,507
1 ,254
1 ,253
3,528
2,516
2,374
1 ,031
1 ,343
3,374
2,460
2,188
973
1 ,215
3,311
2,441
2,056
969
1 ,087
17.7
8.3
15.3
8.4
15.8
7.9
16.1
15.4
6.9
14.9
15.3
6.9
14.4
6.8
100.0
38.3
27.5
34.2
100.0
36.8
33.1
30. 1
15.6
14.5
100.0
100.0
41 . 9
29.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.1
30.7
27.3
12.1
15.1
42.4
31 . 3
26.3
12.4
13.9
41 . 8
30.8
27.5
13.5
14.0
100.0
42.3
31 . 1
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeka
2,606
6.8
2,622
2,340
1 ,149
1 ,191
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
16.0
18.2
39.6
29.5
30.9
15.5
15.4
28.2
12.2
16.0
26.6
13.0
13.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Raaaon for unemployment
(Numbers tn thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjuated
Reason
Apr .
1985
Mar.
1 986
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
4,291
1 ,172
3,119
768
2,122
969
4,654
1 ,361
3,293
923
2,186
904
4,095
1 ,020
3,075
996
2,042
982
4,229
1 ,182
3,047
852
2,283
1 ,051
3,933
1 ,132
2,801
876
2,225
1 ,033
1 0 0 .. 0
5 2 .. 7
1 4 .. 4
3 8 .. 3
9 .. 4
2 6 ..0
1 1 , ,9
1 0 0 ., 0
5 3 ., 7
1 5 ., 7
3 8 .. 0
1 0 ., 7
2 5 .,2
1 0 . .4
1 0 0 .. 0
5 0 .. 5
1 2 , .6
3 7 .. 9
1 2 .. 3
2 5 .. 2
1 2 .. 1
1 0 0 ..0
5 0 . ,3
1 4 . .0
3 6 ..2
1 0 .. 1
2 7 ., 1
1 2 . ,5
3 ., 7
,7
1 ,.9
8
4. 0
8
1 .9
8
3. 5
,9
1 .8
8
3 . ,7
,7
2. 0
9
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
Apr .
1 986
3,776
1 ,163
2,613
996
2,066
1 ,025
4,162
1 ,152
3,010
1 ,001
2,292
1 ,097
4,246
1 ,164
3,082
1 ,002
2 , 1 * 97
1 ,000
4,034
1 ,028
3,006
1,110
2,191
1 ,059
1 0 0 .. 0
4 8 ,.8
1 4 ., 0
3 4 ,, 7
1 0 .. 9
2 7 . ,6
1 2 .. 8
1 0 0 .• 0
4 8 .,0
1 4 .. 8
3 3 .. 2
1 2 ., 7
2 6 .,3
1 3 ., 0
1 0 0 .. 0
4 8 .,7
1 3 .. 5
3 5 .. 2
1 1.7
.
2 6 ..8
1 2 .. 8
100 . 0
50 . 3
13 . 8
36 . 5
1 1. 9
26 . 0
1 1. 8
100.0
48. 1
12.2
35.8
13.2
26. 1
12.6
3 . ,4
,8
1 ,9
.
,9
3 .. 2
,9
1 .8
,9
3 . .6
.9
2 . .0
.9
3 .6
.9
1 .9
.9
1
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3.4
. 9
1 . 9
. 9
Table A-9. Unemployed peraona by aex and age, seasonally adjuated
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)
Sox and ago
Unemployment rates*
Apr.
1985
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr .
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
8,384
3,182
1 ,431
656
783
1 ,751
5,222
4,638
611
8 ,419
3 ,109
1 ,455
645
801
1 ,654
5 ,300
4 ,671
638
8 ,342
3 ,266
1 ,582
698
894
1 ,684
5 ,101
4 ,557
576
7 .. 3
1 3 ., 4
1 7 . ,9
2 0 . .8.
1 6 .. 3
1 1 , .1
5 .. 7
6 ., 1
4 .. 1
6 ., 9
1 3 .. 3
1 8 .. 8
21 .. 1
1 7 . .5
1 0 . .6
5 ., 3
5 .. 5
3 ., 9
6 .7
13, . 0
1 8 ,. 4
20 . 9
16. . 4
1 0 ,. 4
5. 1
5 .4
3 .9
7 .. 3
1 3 .. 6
1 9 ., 0
21 .. 8
1 7 .. 2
1 0 ., 8
5 ., 7
5 .. 9
4 . .4
7 ,. 2
1 3 ,. 2
1 8 .. 2
1 9 . ,4
1 7 ., 1
1 0 . .6
5 ., 7
5 ., 9
4 . ,3
7.1
13.9
19.6
20. 9
18.9
10.9
5.4
5.8
3.9
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 y e a n
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years.
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,556
1 ,736
781
367
421
955
2,838
2,510
356
4 ,577
1 ,683
768
342
418
915
2;, 8 8 6
2;, 5 0 8
373
4 ,503
1 ,792
840
367
480
952
2 ,733
2 ,415
344
7 ., 1
1 3 . ,8
1 8 .. 5
21 ..4
16. 8
1 1 ,4.
5 .. 5
5. 8
4. 0
6 .. 7
1 3 .. 5
1 9 . ,3
21 . 6
18. 0
10. 6
5 ., 1
5. 4
3. 9
6 .5
12, . 8
1 8 .. 2
2 0 .. 9
1 6 .. 2
1 0 .. 3
5 ,, 0
5 .. 3
3 .. 9
7 ,, 0
1 3 . ,6
1 9 . ,3
23. 2
16. 6
1 0 . ,7
5. 5
5 . ,7
4. 4
7 . ,0
13. 6
18. 9
20. 0
17.8
1 1 .0
5. 5
5 . ,7
4. 3
6.9
14.5
20.2
21 . 2
19.7
1 1.6
5.2
5.5
3.9
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
l6to17yeara
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
56 years and over
3,828
1 ,446
650
289
362
'796
2,384
2,128
255
3,t 8 4 2
1 ,, 4 2 7
687
303
383
740
2 ,, 4 1 4
2, , 1 6 3
264
3., 8 3 9
1 ,,4 7 3
742
331
414
731
21} 3 6 8
2 i, 1 4 3
232
7.
12.
17.
20.
15.
10.
6.
6.
4.
7.
13.
18.
20.
16.
10.
5.
5.
3.
7 .. 0
1 3 .. 2
1 8 . .5
2 0 ..8
1 6 . .5
1 0 . .5
5. 3
5. 6
3. 8
7.
13.
18.
20.
17.
1 1
5.
6.
4.
7.
12.
17.
18.
16.
10.
5.
6.
4.
7.4
13.2
19.0
20.5
18.1
10.0
5.8
6.2
3.8
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
Unemployment • • a percent of the civilian labor force.
5
9
2
0
7
7
0
3
2
1
2
3
6
9
6
4
7
9
6
6
6
2
7
.0
9
2
4
4
7
5
8
3
1
9
3
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status off black and other workers
(Numbers In thousands)
Sossonslly sdjustsd1
Not sossonslly sdjustsd
Employment ststus
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
Apr.
1985
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1 985
Dec .
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1 986
Mar.
1 986
Apr .
1 986
24,411
15,302
62.7
13,225
54.2
2,076
13.6
9,110
24,980
15,751
63. 1
13,658
54.7
2,093
13.3
9,229
25,025
15,788
63.1
13,669
54.6
2,120
13.4
9,237
24,411
15,545
63. 7
13,405
54.9
2,140
13.8
8,866
24,785
15,731
63.5
13,617
54.9
2,114
13.4
9,054
24,886
15,851
63.7
13,820
55.5
2,031
12.8
9,035
24,932
15,869
63.6
13,763
55.2
2,106
13.3
9,063
24,980
16,031
64.2
13,899
55.6
2 , 132
13.3
8,949
25,025
16,039
64. 1
13,857
55.4
2 , 182
13.6
8,986
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjustsd columns.
1
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population,
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Occupation
Apr .
1985
Apr.
1986
Unemployment rats
Unemployed
Apr .
1985
Apr .
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr .
1985
106 , 175
108,201
8,150
8,115
7. 1
7. 0
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
2 5 , 969
1 2 , 152
13, 817
26,524
12,488
14,036
622
314
308
568
279
288
2. 3
2. 5
2. 2
2. 1
2 .2
2. 0
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
32,
3,
12,
17,
734
133
475
125
33,883
3,269
12,975
17,639
1 ,588
85
675
829
1 ,565
121
682
763
4.
2.
5.
4.
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1 4 , 310
955
1 >679
,
1 1 >676
.
14,639
1 ,009
1,739
11,892
1 ,346
53
71
1 ,222
1 ,420
80
93
1 ,247
8.6
5 . .3
4 .. 1
9. .5
8. 8
7.,4
5 ., 1
9.,5
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13, . 1 1 6
4 ,. 4 3 0
4 ,. 4 7 3
4 ,. 2 1 3
12,993
4,326
4,702
3,964
1 ,109
231
590
288
1 ,124
241
576
307
7, .8
5. . 0
1 1 .7.
6..4
8. .0
5. .3
10. . 9
7..2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
16, . 5 8 4
7,> 747
4, >637
4, >200
588
3,>613
16,765
7,715
4,488
4,562
651
3,911
2 , 163
1 ,008
41 1
744
1 98
547
2,099
91 3
472
715
1 73
542
1 1.5.
1 1.5,
8.. 1
15,. 1
25 . 2
13 . 2
1 1. .1
1 0 .6
,
9,. 5
13,.6
21 . 0
12 . 2
3,397
31 1
8 .2
8 .2
Total, 16 years and over1
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the
Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
3,>462
303
6
6
1
6
4.
3.
5.
4.
4
6
0
1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Veteran statue
Civilian
nlnstltutto
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
labor force
Number
Apr .
1985
Apr .
1 986
Apr .
1985
Apr.
1 986
Apr .
1 985
Apr .
1986
7,613
6,512
1 ,434
3,383
1 ,695
1,101
7,724
6,412
1 , 1 90
3,163
2,059
1,312
7,135
6,272
1 ,379
3,257
1 ,636
863
7,164
6 , 1 05
1,116
3,022
1 ,967
1 ,059
6,720
5,884
1 ,259
3,045
1 ,580
836
6,794
5,778
1 ,031
2,860
1 ,887
1,016
Apr .
1985
Apr .
1 986
Apr .
1 985
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
415
388
120
212
56
27
370
327
85
162
80
43
5.8
6.2
8. 7
6.5
3.4
3. 1
898
454
240
204
943
477
262
204
5.6
6.0
5.2
5.0
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
17,036
7,871
4,868
4,297
18,176
8,451
5,514
4,21 1
16,154
7,506
4,605
4,043
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between
August 5.1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces: published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age. the group that most
closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
17,194
8,039
5,226
3,929
15,256
7,052
4,365
3,839
16,251
7,562
4,964
3,725
Data for 25- to 29-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table because the qroup
is rapidly disappearing (into the 30-34 age category) and the numbers remaining for some
labor force categories are not large enough to warrant their continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Nets
tsaaansMy adjusted'
State end MsployiMiit status
Apr.
1985
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
Ap r .
1986
19 , 4 8 8
12 , 8 7 7
11 , 9 4 4
934
7.3
19 , 8 7 2
13 184
12 , 2 4 1
942
7.1
19 , 9 0 8
13, , 1 3 5
12, , 2 5 5
879
6.7
19,, 4 8 8
12, , 9 6 2
12,, 0 1 0
952
7.3
19 , 7 7 1
12, , 9 5 1
12,, 0 8 6
865
6.7
19 , 8 0 6
12, , 9 6 6
12, , 2 1 1
755
5.8
1 9 , ,839
13, , 1 8 7
12, , 2 3 2
955
7.2
19 , 8 7 2
13, , 2 5 0
12,, 3 3 8
912
6.9
1 9 , ,908
13, ,217
12, ,319
898
6.8
8 8 50
5 ,293
4 968
325
6.1
9 ,078
5 ,439
5 ,123
316
5.8
9 ,098
5,, 4 4 5
5,, 1 4 9
296
5.4
8,, 8 5 0
5 ,374
5,, 0 2 3
351
6.5
9 ,017
5 ,380
5 ,081
299
5.6
9 ,, 0 3 8
5,, 3 8 2
5,, 0 9 5
28 7
5.3
9 , ,058
5,,423
5,, 1 1 2
311
5.7
9 ,, 0 7 8
5,,489
5,, 147
342
6.2
9 ,098
5 ,525
,
5 ,204
,
321
5.8
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8 637
5 ,647
5 ,121
526
9.3
8 ,663
5 6 32
5 ,118
514
9.1
8 ,665
5,, 6 4 6
5 ,183
463
8.2
8,, 6 3 7
5 ,684
5,, 152
532
9.4
8 ,658
5,, 6 8 5
5,, 1 8 7
498
8.8
8,, 6 6 0
5 ,666
5,, 2 2 8
438
7.7
8 ,661
5,,694
5 ,. 1 5 1
543
9.5
8, , 6 6 3
5 ,667
5 ,165
,
502
8.9
8,,665
5, , 6 8 3
5,, 2 1 7
466
8.2
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
4 541
3 039
2 926
113
3.7
4 575
3 049
2 918
131
4.3
4 ,, 5 7 8
3,, 0 3 6
2, ,919
116
3.8
4 ,, 5 4 1
3, , 0 6 6
2,, 9 4 5
121
3.9
4 , ,566
3 ,, 0 6 0
2 ,936
124
4.1
4 , ,569
3 , ,068
2 , ,975
93
3.0
4 , ,572
3 , ,072
2 , ,959
113
3.7
4 , ,575
3 ,, 0 8 3
2 ,, 9 6 9
114
3.7
4 , ,578
3 ,,058
2 , ,935
123
4.0
6 782
4 , ,335
3, , 8 8 8
447
10.3
6 834
4 , ,307
3 , ,893
414
9.6
6, ,838
4 ,,326
3 ,, 9 3 3
393
9.1
6, , 7 8 2
4 ,, 3 4 3
3, ,894
449
10.3
6 ,, 8 2 1
4 , ,417
4 , ,072
345
7.8
6 ,, 8 2 5
4 , ,404
4, , 0 3 1
373
8.5
6 , ,829
4 , ,338
3, ,954
384
8.9
6 , 834
4 ,, 3 4 9
3 ,. 9 6 2
387
8.9
6 , ,838
4 , ,329
3, ,932
397
9.2
5,, 8 7 9
3,, 8 4 7
3 ,618
229
5.9
5,, 9 2 9
3 ,834
3 ,645
189
4.9
5 ,933
3 ,855
3,, 6 7 4
181
4.7
5,, 8 7 9
3 ,842
3 ,612
230
6.0
5 ,916
3,, 8 8 6
3,, 6 6 1
225
5.8
5 ,920
3 ,888
3,, 6 4 9
239
6.1
5 ,924
3,, 9 1 4
3,, 6 8 3
231
5.9
5 ,929
3 ,842
3 ,682
160
4.2
5 ,933
3 ,847
3 ,666
181
4.7
13,, 6 6 9
8 i, 0 9 8
7 ,560
538
6.6
13,• 715
8 ,306
7 ,703
603
7.3
13 , 7 1 9
8 ,236
7 ,683
554
6.7
13 , 6 6 9
8 ,201
7,, 6 3 4
567
6.9
13 , 7 0 5
8 ,477
7,, 9 3 4
543
6.4
13,, 7 0 9
8,, 4 4 9
7 ,919
530
6 .3
13 , 7 1 2
8,, 3 7 6
7 ,804
572
6.8
13 , 7 1 5
8 ,329
7 ,767
562
6.7
13 , 7 1 9
8 ,345
7 ,762
583
7.0
4,, 6 3 5
3,, 0 2 4
2,, 8 6 6
157
5.2
4, , 7 1 3
3 ,129
2 ,951
178
5.7
4,, 7 2 0
3,, 1 0 5
2 ,947
158
5.1
4,, 6 3 5
3 ,046
2 ,867
179
5.9
4,, 6 9 2
3 ,215
3 ,067
148
4.6
4,, 6 9 9
3 ,198
3 ,020
178
5.6
4,, 7 0 6
3 ,200
3 ,032
168
5.2
4,, 7 1 3
3 ,141
2 ,959
182
5.8
4 ,720
3 ,125
2 ,946
179
5.7
8,, 0 5 8
5 ,099
4,, 6 4 6
453
8.9
8 ,087
5 ,226
4,, 8 1 2
414
7.9
8 ,089
5 ,217
4 ,804
413
7.9
8 ,058
5 ,148
4 ,684
464
9.0
8 ,080
5 ,186
4 ,749
437
8.4
8 ,083
5 ,226
4 ,758
468
9.0
8 ,084
5 ,357
4 ,890
467
8.7
8 ,087
5 ,311
4 ,919
392
7.4
8 , 089
5 ,265
4 ,842
423
8.0
9,, 1 9 2
5 ,423
4,, 9 7 8
445
8.2
9 , 189
5 ,611
5 ,166
445
7.9 ,
9 ,188
5 ,581
5 ,189
392
7.0
9 ,192
5 ,546
5 ,090
456
8.2
9 ,191
5 ,536
5 ,104
432
7.8
9 ,191
5 ,583
5 ,162
421
7 .5
9 ,189
5 ,619
5 ,219
400
7.1
9 , 189
5 ,746
5 ,309
437
7.6
9 , 188
5 ,707
5 ,304
403
7 .1
11 , 8 6 7
7 ,982
7 ,330
652
8.2
11 , 6 7 8
8 ,047
7 ,510
537
6.7
11 , 8 0 6
8 ,.049
7 ,489
560
7.0
11 , 8 2 2
7 ,972
7 ,462
510
6.4
11 , 8 3 7
7 , 990
7 ,319
671
8.4
11 , 8 5 2
8 ,003
7 ,357
646
8 .1
11 , 8 6 7
8 ,027
7 ,342
685
8.5
CaMfomla
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rats
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rats
Illinois
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Now Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rats
NOWYO*
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rats
North Camlhia
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
OMo
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rats
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11 , 6 7 8
8 ,003
7,, 4 9 8
505
6.3
11 , 8 5 2
7 ,978
7 ,304
673
8.4
1
THe— sis ths official Bur—u of Lsbor Statistics' —timet— used In the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
* The population ftgur—« e not ad|usted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers
in the unad|usted ar I the seasonally adlusted columns.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA.
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total
Total private
Oil and gas extraction
Apr.
1985
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
96,909
98,260
98,922
80,434
81,444
24,795
24,508
969
611.0
913
579.4|
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
99,817
9 7 , 120
9 9 , 086
!? 9 , 496
9 9 , 656
9 9 , 834 1100, 040
82,051
82,952
8 0 , 962
8 2 , 573
13 2 , 992
8 3 , 108
8 3 , 295
8 3 , 499
24,621
24,875
2 5 , 090
2 5 , 155
2 5 , 300
2 5 , 251
2 5 , 161
25 , 182
888
550.9
855
512.2
982
623
952
603
947
598
929
580
902
556
866
522
p
p
Mar.
1986
Apr.
1986
p
p
4,451
1,177.6
4,346
1,186.3
4,471
1,204.0
4,751
1,248.7
4 , 641
1 , 233
4 , 770
1 , 274
4 , 906
1, 329
4 , 883
1, 327
4 , 870
1, 304
4 , 954
1, 308
Production workers
19,375
13,182
19,249
13,055
19,262
13,073
19,269
13,100
1 9 , 467
1 3 , 249
1 9 , 433
1 3 , 219
1 9 , 447
1 3 , 222
1 9 , 439
1 3 , 216
1 9 , 389
1 3 , 175
1 9 , 362
1 3 , 167
Durable goods
Production workers
11,586
7,723
11,431
7,554
11,435
7,563
11,447
7,589
11 , 608
7 , 730
1 1 , 534
7 , 651
1 1 , 541
7 , 650
11 , 527
7, 631
11 , 480
7 , 592
1 1 , 470
7 , 596
683.3
497.3
593.7
829.6
310.4
1,473.0
2,211.0
2,216.3
1 ,982.1
873.8
723.7
376.2
689.6
499.0
581.0
797.8
295.8
1,448.0
2,126.2
2,177.8
2,017.5
857.6
723.2
370.8
693.9
499.5
589.1
794.8
293.5
1,449.7
2,122.3
2,178.1
2,008.1
850.9
724.8
374.6
703.1
500.2
603.9
793.4
291.7
1,449.1
2,112.2
2,174.5
2,009.5
847.9
724.9
376.0
694
497
600
823
306
479
207
223
982
876
726
377
715
499
604
810
303
463
133
186
025
875
725
374
720
499
607
804
300
462
137
188
023
868
725
376
719
499
610
802
299
457
128
187
020
860
726
379
7,789
5,459*
7,818
5,501
7,827
5,510
7,822
5,511
7 , 859
5 , 519
7 , 899
5 , 568
7 , 906
5 , 572
7 , 912
5 , 585
7 , 909
5 , 583
1,569.4 1,602.3
61.7
63.7
707.6
699.2
1,164.3 1,159.9
682.4
678.3
1,412.3 1,451.0
1 ,046.7 1,024.8
180.7
163.1
794.0
803.5
174.3
167.6
1,599.6
61.9
702.3
1,156.3
684.9
1,458.1
1,026.3
163.9
806.4
166.8
1,594.0
60.5
702.4
1,154.8
686.5
1,461.4
1,024.3
164.8
807.7
165.9
1 , 630
66
707
1, 164
681
1, 4 1 1
1 , 049
182
795
174
1 , 655
64
700
1 , 171
686
1, 442
1 , 033
169
804
175
1 , 652
64
701
1, 173
687
1, 447
032
1.
168
810
172
!i 1 , 664
64
I
703
1, 161
688
1, 454
1 ,0 3 1
167
810
170
1 , 665
64
705
1, 154
688
1, 457
1 , 029
167
811
169
72 , 0 3 0
73 , 9 3 1
74 , 1 9 6
74 , 4 0 5
5 , 344
3 ,109
2 ,235
5 ,348 |
3 ,116
2,232 1
5 ,345
3 , 1 10
2 ,235
Construction
General building contractors
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
7 2 , 114
73,752
74,301
74,942
1,
2,
2,
1,
1,
2,
2,
2,
)
1,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
716
500
607
792 i
292
456
118
185
000
846
728
378
1,
2,
2,
2,
7 15
500
610
787
288
455
108
181
010
850
727
377
7 , 892
5 , 571
1, 655
64
702
1, 155
689
i 1, 460
026
1
166
i
809
166
i
ti
74 , 6 7 3 | 74 , 8 5 8
I
!
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
5,243
3,013
2,230
5,272
3,050
2,222
5,282
3,063
2,219
5,309
3,085
2,224
5 ,278
3 ,037
2 ,241
5 ,350
3 ,115
2 ,235
5 ,357
3 ,123
2 ,234
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
5,707
3,381
2,326
5,839
3,477
2,362
5,864
3,492
2,372
5,894
3,514
2,380
5 ,733
3 ,388
2 ,345
5 ,848
3 ,473
2 ,375
5 ,872
3 ,487
2 ,385
5 ,886
3 ,498
2 ,388
5 ,897
3 , 506
2 ,391
5 ,920
3 ,521
2 ,399
17,090
2,261.5
2,766.5
1 ,872.4
5,636.7
17,385
2,295.9
2,903.7
1,908.8
5,562.6
17,536
2,298.3
2,914.2
1,918.8
5, 6 8 2 . 1
17 , 8 2 1 17 , 2 8 0
2 ,348
2,298.3
2 , 928 . 1 2 , 7 9 4
1,941.1
1 ,884
5 ,642
5,893.5
17 , 7 0 2
2 ,353
2 ,882
1 ,916
5 ,803
17 , 8 2 5
2 ,359
2 ,920
1 ,930
5,821
17 , 9 0 4
2 ,377
2 ,924
1 ,936
5 ,855
17 , 9 8 6
2 ,389
2 ,944
1 , 9 40
5 ,888
18 , 0 1 9
2 ,387
2 ,958
1 ,953
5 ,899
5,833
2,932
1,795
1, 106
6 ,074
3,074
1,872
1,128
6,118
3,089
1,883
1,146
6,180
3,114
1,892
1,174
5 ,858
2 ,941
1 ,799
1,118
6 ,068
3 ,054
1,852
1,162
6 ,098
3 ,068
1 ,863
1,167
6 , 131
3 ,086
1 ,874
1,171
6 ,159
3 ,095
1 ,885
1,179
6 , 206
3 ,123
1,896
1 ,187
21,766
4,362.7
6,205.8
22,366
4,573.1
6,415.6
22,630
4,633.4
6,460.3
22,873
4,673.1
6,490.3
21 , 7 2 3
4 ,402
6 ,218
22 , 4 5 0
4 ,607
6 ,389
22 , 5 4 0
4 ,625
6 ,409
22 , 5 9 2
4 ,652
6 ,435
22 , 7 4 4
4 ,690
6 ,473
22 , 8 2 7
4 ,716
6 ,503
1 6 , 8 6 5 16 , 1 5 8
2 ,859
2,915
3 ,749
3,956
9,994
9 ,550
16 , 5 1 3
2 ,914
3 ,827
9 ,772
16 , 5 0 4
2 ,918
3 ,844
9 ,742
16 , 5 4 8
2 ,915
3 ,849
9 ,784
16 , 5 3 9
2 ,917
3 ,853
9 ,769
16 , 5 4 1
2 ,921
3 ,860
9 , 760
Retail trade
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Business services
Health services
Federal
State
Local
p = preliminary.
16,475>
2,853
3,843i
9,779
16,816
2,898
3,938
9,980
16,871
2,905
3,953i
10,013
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Seaaonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1985
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
p
Apr.
1986
p
Apr.
1985
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
fUr.
1986
p
Apr.
1986
34.9
34.6
34.8
34.8
Mining
43.3
42.4
42.4
42.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Construction
37.8
35.1
36.5
37.8
38.0
37.1
38.5
36.3
36.9
38.0
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
40.1
3.1
40.2
3.2
40.7
3.4
40.5
3.3
40.2
3.4
41.0
3.6
41.0
3.6
40.6
3.4
40.7
3.4
40.6
3.5
Durable goods
Overtime hours
40.9
3.3
41.0
3.4
41.4
3.5
41.2
3.4
40.9
3.6
41.7
3.8
41.7
3.7
41.3
3.5
41.4
3.6
41 . 2
3.7
39.5
39.1
42.0
41.3
41.1
41.0
41.1
40.0
42.6
43.8
40.5
38.9
39.3
38.9
40.6
42.1
41.9
41.0
41.4
40.6
42.3
42.9
41.0
39.3
40.0
39.4
41.5
42.2
41.9
41.3
41.8
41.1
42.8
43.6
41.4
40.0
40.1
39.0
42.5
41.3
41.0
41.1
41.5
40.7
42.5
43.2
41.0
39.8
39.5
39.3
42.0
41.0
40.2
41.1
41.2
40.2
42.3
43.3
40.7
39.0
40.2
40.1
41.7
42.2
41.9
41.6
41.8
41.4
43.2
44.2
41.9
40.0
40.4
40.4
42.8
41.8
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.2
43.0
43.6
41.2
40.4
39.9
39.7
41.8
42.1
41.7
41.5
41.5
40.8
42.7
43.5
41.1
39.8
40.2
39.6
41.8
42.0
41.7
41.3
41.6
41.0
42.6
43.3
41.3
39.9
40.1
39.2
42.5
41.0
40. 1
41.2
41.6
40.9
42.2
42.7
41.2
39.9
38.9
2.8
39.2
3.0
39.7
3.1
39.5
3.1
39.1
3.0
40.1
3.4
40.0
3.4
39.6
3.2
39.8
3.3
39.7
3.3
39.2
34.9
38.4
35.4
42.8
37.5
41.9
42.0
40.9
36.9
39.0
36.6
40.1
35.8
43.1
37.5
41.7
43.1
41.0
36.0
39.4
37.5
40.6
36.5
43.4
38.1
42.1
44.0
41.3
36.3
39.4
37.0
40.7
36.2
42.9
37.8
41.9
44.5
41.0
36.2
39.6
35.4
38.8
35.6
43.0
37.6
41.9
42.0
(2)
37.0
40.3
38.0
41.3
37.0
43.6
38.2
42.0
43.7
(2)
37.8
40.2
38.7
40.9
37.0
43.7
38.0
41.9
43.6
(2)
37.6
39.7
38.3
40.4
36.2
43.6
37.8
41.8
43.7
(2)
36.6
39.9
38.7
40.6
36.5
43.6
38.0
42.1
44.5
(2)
36.9
39.8
37.6
41.2
36.5
43.1
37.9
41.9
44. 5
(2)
36.3
Transportation and public utilities
39.2
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.5
39.5
39.4
Wholesale trade
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
Retail trade
29.4
28.7
29.0
29.0
29.7
29.3
29.5
29.4
29.4
29.3
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
36.4
36.7
36.6
36.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.7
32.7
32.8
32.9
32.9
33.0
32.8
Total private
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
1
Data relate to production workera in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers In transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately fouMlftha of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolla.
35.0
35.1
35.2
35.0
35.0
p
35.n
1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision,
p • preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earninga of production or noneupervieory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by Induatry
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Food and kindred products
Apparel and other textile products
Rubber and miscellaneoua plastics products
Transportation and public utilities
1
Apr.
1985
Feb.
1906
Mar.
1986 P
Apr.
1986
$8.54
8.54
$8.75
8.72
$8.74
8.74
$8.74
8.74
$298.05
298.90
$302.75
305.20
$304.15
305.90
$304.15
305.90
520.67
521.98
Apr.
1985
P
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
P
Apr.
1986
9
11.93
12.27
12.28
12.34
516.57
520.25
12.21
12.29
12.17
12.20
461.54
431.38
444.21
461.16
9.48
9.68
9.70
9.70
380.15
389.14
394.79
392.85
10.03
8.04
7.08
9.80
11.64
13.32
9.64
10.17
9.40
12.63
13.40
9.11
7.22
10.28
8.34
7.33
9.93
11.96
13.82
9.81
10.53
9.60
12.87
13.62
9.42
7.48
10.29
8.29
7.36
9.92
11.99
13.84
9.83
10.58
9.63
12.89
13.71
9.42
7.48
10.28
8.29
7.36
9.98
12.01
13.92
9.81
10.57
9.63
12.86
13.64
9.39
7.46
410.23
317.58
276.83
411.60
480.73
547.45
395.24
417.99
376.00
538.04
586.92
368.96
280.86
421.48
327.76
2 8 5 . 14
403.16
503.52
579.06
402.21
435.94
389.76
544.40
584.30
386.22
293.96
426.01 . 423.54
331.60
332.43
287.04
289.98
411.68
424.15
505.98
496.01
579.90
570.72
405.98
403.19
442.24
438.66
391.94
395.79
551.69
54$.55
597.76
589.25
389.99
384.99
299.20
296.91
8.67
8.59
12.16
6.70
5.74
10.72
9.60
11.48
14.18
8.48
5.84
8.83
8.68
12.48
6.83
5.78
10.99
9.84
11.83
14.19
8.68
5.83
8.85
8.72
12.85
6.86
5.79
11.02
9.90
11.79
14.23
8.71
5.86
8.86
8.75
13.02
6.86
5.80
11.04
9.87
11.82
14.29
8.68
5.88
337.26
336.73
424.38
257.28
203.20
458.82
360.00
481.01
595.56
346.83
215.50
346.14
338.52
456.77
273.88
206.92
473.67
369.00
493.31
611.59
355.88
209.88
351.35
343.57
481.88
278.52
211.34
478.27
377.19
496.36
626.12
359.72
212.72
349.97
344.75
481.74
279.20
209.96
473.62
373.09
495.26
635.91
355.88
212.86
11.27
11.63
11.60
11.62
441.78
454.73
455.88
455.50
9.24
9.42
9.38
9.36
354.82
360.79
361.13
361.30
174.21
175.74
175.45
See footnote 1, table B-2.
5.96
6.07
6.06
6.05
175.22
7.85
8.27
8.27
8.23
285.74
303.51
302.68
298.75
7.89
8.22
8.22
8.18
257.21
268.79
269.62
267.49
'
p * preliminary.
Table B-4. Hourly Earninga Index for production or noneupervieory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(1977 a 100)
UAA —- ——-1.-- m ^t-.M Am M
noi seeeoneiiy eo|tietoa
1
2
3
4
5
Percent
chango
from:
Pcfoint
cltang*
from:
industry
Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real eetate
Services
Seasonally adjuated
Apr.
1986
Apr.
1985Apr.
1986
Apr.
1935
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
168.7
95.3
179.7
147.8
171.9
169.6
173.1
158.3
168.8
N.A.
179.8
148.8
172.1
169.7
173.0
158.6
2.5
(3)
.7
-.3
2.5
3.2
1.4
1.6
164.8
94.4
(5)
150.4
167.9
165.0
(5)
155.6
168.4
94.4
(5)
150.5
170.8
169.2
(5)
158.9
167.4
93.5
(5)
149.2
170.8
168.3
(5)
157.1
168.5
94.6
(5)
150.0
171.4
169.6
(5)
157 . 8
168.9
95.3
(5)
148.8
172.0
170.2
C 5)
158.1
168.8
N.A.
(5)
150.0
172.1
170.3
(5)
158.1
(2)
(4)
(5)
0.8
.1
(2)
(5)
(2)
178.5
174.8
177.7
174.2
4.5
3.7
(5)
167.8
(5)
173.4
(5)
171.8
(5)
173.5
(5)
174.6
(5)
174.0
(5)
-.3
Apr.
1985
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986
164.7
94.4
178.6
149.2
167.9
164.5
170.7
156.1
168.8
94.8
180.5
149.1
171.5
170.1
173.7
158.3
170.0
168.0
178.6
174.6
p
See f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e B - 2 .
P e r c e n t change I s l e s s t h a n . 0 5 p e r c e n t .
P e r c e n t change I s 0 . 7 p e r c e n t f r o m March 1985 t o March 1 9 8 6 t t h e l a t e s t month a v a i l a b l e .
P e r c e n t change I s 0 . 3 p e r c e n t f r o n F e b r u a r y 1986 t o March 1 9 8 6 , t h e l a t e s t month a v a i l a b l e .
These s e r i e s a r e not s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d s i n c e t h e s e a s o n a l component i s s m a l l r e l a t i v e t o t h e
i r r e g u l a r components and c o n s e q u e n t l y cannot be s e p a r a t e d w i t h s u f f i c i e n t p r e c i s i o n .
N . A • • not a v a i l a b l e ,
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
p of
» St.
pre
liminary.
Federal Reserve Bank
Louis
p
Apr.
1986
trend-cycle
p
Mar.
1986Apr.
1986
and/or
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1985
Feb.
1986
Mar.
Apr.
1986 P 1986 P
Apr.
1985
114.2
114.4
116.2
117.6
115.6
97.4
94.6
96.6
98.3
99.1
Mining
111.0
102.1
98.4
94.2
113.6
Construction
118.6
105.5
113.5
126.5
92.7
92.1
93.3
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
92.7
91.4
104.2
86.8
68.2
55.7
90.8
92.7
106.1
98.3
92.2
104.8
81.3
90.9
92.6
104.0
81.9
67.0
54.7
89.1
89.5
102.6
97.9
87.9
104.8
80.4
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
" Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
92.6
91.3
73.6
73.2
86.6
98.5
120.1
94.1
81.1
109.9
65.7
123.5
Total
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Dec.
1985
Jan.
1986
Feb.
1986
Mar.
1986 P
Apr.
1986
118.1
119.1
118.6
119.0
119.1
100.4
101.8
99.6
99.7
100.1
109.0
111.9
105.1
100.6
96.6
125.7
125.5
134.6
126.2
128.2
134.2
93.0
93.3
95.1
95.0
94.1
94.1
93.7
92.0
94.9
105.5
85.1
66.9
54.2
89.9
90.2
103.8
98.3
88.3
106.4
82.8
91.8
96.5
104.9
90.1
65.5
52.7
89.-7
89.3
102.7
97.9
87.1
105.6
83.2
92.8
93.2
104.7
87.8
66.9
54.6
91.5
92.5
106.6
97.5
91.4
105.9
81.7
93.7
98.9
107.1
88.0
68.4
56.0
91.5
90.6
105.6
100.6
92.9
106.8
82.9
93.6
100.2
107.9
90.9
67.1
55.1
91.7
90.5
104.6
99.9
90.4
105.5
84.3
92.6
98.5
106.0
89.5
67.4
55.0
90.9
89.4
103.4
98.9
89.2
105.6
84.0
92.2
98.7
106.3
89.1
66.2
53.6
90.4
89.2
103.8
97.2
86.8
106.6
83.9
91.9
98.2
105.2
91.2
64.3
50.6
. 90.3
88.9
103.3
97.2
86.3
106.6
83.6
93.9
93.4
80.9
75.9
87.2
100.2
124.0'
92.3
77.0
112.1
61.9
95.2
94.2
79.8
77.1
88.7
101.4
126.8
93.4
79.8
113.6
62.1
94.8
93.7
76.2
77.2
87.9
100.8
126.4
93.1
81.9
113.1
61.5
94.1
97.1
82.0
74.1
87.1
99.3
120.0
94.2
81.6
109.6
66.1
97.3
100.8
84.5
78.1
91.0
102.1
125.1
93.4
81.8
113.2
68.0
97.1
100.3
86.1
77.5
91.2
102.5
125.0
92.7
80.8
114.1
66.7
96.4
100.1
85.2
76.9
88.3
102.4
125.0
93.0
81.0
113.7
64.0
96.9
100.6
86.1
77.6
88.5
102.4
126.3
93.5
82.5
114.2
64. 1
96.4
99.6
83.6
78.2
88.6
101.7
126.2
93.1
82.5
112.5
62. 1
125.4
127.0
128.3
124.7
127.9
128.7
129.1
129.7
129.5
Transportation and public utilities
106.2
106.7
107.2
107.5
107.5
109.6
109.3
109.3
109.4
108.9
Wholesale trade
117.6
119.8
121.0
121.5
118.8
121.4
122.3
122.2
122.3
122.9
Retail trade
113.9
113.3
115.3
117.5
116.7
117.9
119.6
119.8
120.3
120.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate
127.2
132.9
133.3
133.8
127.8
132.9
132.5
134.4
134.8
134.4
Services
138.9
142.3
144.5
145.7
138.9
143.8
144.6
145.0
146.2
145.8
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
P
p = preliminary.
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Time
span
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Over
1-month
span
1984
1985
1986
67.3
57.6
63.0
72.7
50.3
51.6
66.8
55.9
p53.0
67.3
44.6
p45.7
60.5
50.3
64.3
47.0
65.7
54.9
58.1
56.8
48.4
45.7
66.5
63.5
61.6
Over
3-month
span
1984
1985
1986
78.1
58.6
62.4
75.9
54.1
p56.2
77.6
46.8
p48.1
68.9
45.9
69.7
44.1
67 . 0
49.7
65.4
50.5
60.3
49.2
60.0
53.8
56.5
52.7
67 . 0
65.1
Over
6-month
span
1984
1985
1986
79.2
52.2
p56.8
77.8
49.5
77.3
44.3
75.4
44.6
69.2
44.3
64.9
42.4
63.2
46.8
64.1
50.0
67.0
56.8
59,
60,
57.6
56.2
1984
1985
1986
81.9
50.8
78.4
48.4
76.8
49.5
75.1
47.3
72.7
46.2
73.0
47.3
70.0
48.6
65.7
48.6
63.5
p47 . 6
60.5
p49.5
56.2
Over
12-month
span
.
60.3
1
I
1
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on payrolls
of 185 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.
55.1
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.
@FedFRASER