Full text of H.16 Capital Market Developments : June 29, 1955
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/ A Not f o r p u b l i c a t i o n DECONTROLLED AFTER SIX MONTHS H.lU June 29, 1955 , CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPKENTS New c a p i t a l volume l a r g e l a s t week - The volume of l a r g e S t a t e and l o c a l government i s s u e s f l o a t e d f o r new c a p i t a l was 98 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s during the week ending June 2U. Corporations o f f e r e d 91 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s of l a r g e public i s s u e s i n the same p e r i o d . This week corporations and S t a t e and l o c a l governments are scheduled to i s s u e 91 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s of l a r g e o f f e r i n g s . July- outlook - Corporate new c a p i t a l volume i n J u l y i s estimated a t 500 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s , U5 per cent l e s s than a year ago and about one-quarter below the June 1955 t o t a l . Only two public i s s u e s with proceeds of more than 15 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s are expected i n July. Last y e a r ' s July volume was swelled by a 300 m i l l i o n d o l l a r U. S. S t e e l debenture i s s u e . The J u l y estimate f o r S t a t e and l o c a l government i s s u e s i s also 500 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s , well' above the volume l a s t J u l y but o n e - f o u r t h l e s s than i n "June of t h i s y e a r . About half the expected volume i s accounted f o r by two i s s u e s over 100 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s — t h e New York S t a t e Thruway issue and the Public Housing A u t h o r i t i e s o f f e r i n g . Since t h e r e were no very l a r g e i s s u e s sold i n July l a s t year these i s s u e s account f o r most of the i n c r e a s e i n volume compared to a year ago. Refunding programs - The t a b l e on pages 3 and U l i s t s s e c u r i t y i s s u e s with proceeds of 7 . 5 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s or more f o r . r e f i n a n c i n g which have been f l o a t e d since April 1, 1955 or are expected to be o f f e r e d i n the near f u t u r e . As i n the two previous q u a r t e r s , about o n e - t h i r d of the estimated volume of second q u a r t e r refunding i s s u e s w i l l be used t o redeem o f f e r i n g s f l o a t e d i n 1953. As shown i n the following t a b l e , refunding programs have dropped off sharply since the l a s t h a l f of 195U. Period Refundings (Millions of d o l l a r s ) 195U - 1 2 3 4 1955 - 1 2 e / Estimated 92 #8 632 3# e/l80 • ' H.lU Bond y i e I d s - Yields on outstanding long-term U. S. Government o b l i g a t i o n s rose three b a s i s p o i n t s a n d ' S t a t e and l o c a l government Aaa y i e l d s increased one b a s i s p o i n t l a s t week. Corporate Aaa y i e l d s did not change. Treasury y i e l d s rose moderately on Monday and were steady on Tuesday of t h i s week. Yields on State and l o c a l government Baa bonds rose t h r e e b a s i s p o i n t s l a s t week. Corporate Baa and S t a t e and l o c a l revenue y i e l d s remained steady. The recent increases i n Treasury y i e l d s appear l a r g e l y to r e f l e c t market r e a c t i o n t o d i s c u s s i o n s of. forthcoming Treasury f i nancing, p a r t i c u l a r l y of the p o s s i b i l i t y of t h i s taking the form, i n p a r t , of the s a l e of long-term bonds. The increase i n S t a t e and l o c a l government bond y i e l d s appears to be a somevjhat delayed* r e a c t i o n to the r e c e n t increase i n the volume of new i s s u e s together with a continued l i g h t demand f o r such s e c u r i t i e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y on- the p a r t of commercial banks. Stock p r i c e s - Stock p r i c e s , as measured by the SEC index of 265 common s t o c k s , increased f u r t h e r to a new high of 251.1 during the week ending June 2U. A moderate d e c l i n e occurred on Tuesday of t h i s week according to d a i l y indexes. More d e t a i l e d information concerning recent c a p i t a l mark e t developments w i l l be found i n the attached exhibits* Business Finance and Capital Markets Section, Division of Research and S t a t i s t i c s , Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. H.lU -3Corporate Refunding I s s u e s , Offered or Proposed Issuer Type Continental Telephone - new to refund *Deb Deb CouAmt. (mill, Terni pon rate doll.) 9.0 8.7 n.a. 1958 n. a. 5 10.0 10.0 1957 2 1/2 " April 12 Philadelphia Elec. - new 1 s t & ref mtg' 50.0 t o refund 1 s t & ref mtg 30.0 1985 1983 3 1/8 3 7/8 April 18 May 1953 Gulf, Mobile & Ohio - new 1 s t & ref to refund 1 s t & ref mtg t o refund 1 s t & ref mtg t o refund Coll t r u s t t o refund 1 s t mtg 2 / 25.0 8.U 8.3 6.2 2.U i M 1975 1969 1968 1983 3 3/8 April 22 Feb. 1939 Sept. 19UU June 19U8 July 1932 S t e r l i n g Drug 25.0 9.0. 3.3 1.3 10.6 1980 1 3 1A 1963 .3 1967 3 1/2 1956 2 Associates Investment -nev *Sr. term notes t o refund Maturing o b l i g | Riegel Paper to to to to new SF deb refund Notes Notes refund refund Notes refund Cum pfd stock new SF deb "i 15.0 new Com stock U.U t o refund Bonds & notes 13.7 to refund Pfd stock 2.5 Jersey Central Power & Lt -new to refund 1 s t mtg bds 1 s t mtg 20.0 8.5 Minneapolis Honeywell Reg. - new Conv pfd stock t o refund -*Deb to refund *Deb. to refund " Deb 1 16.3 5.0 h.7 6.3 Tenn. Gas Transmission - new to refund Pfd stock Pfd stock 20.0 10.5 Deb Deb •Bflotes 17.5 U.O Consolidated Cigar — newf to refund 1 to refund Western Union Tel. — new to refund to refund # *Deb Gold Deb 1980 h 3 3A 3 3A Current call price Date expected or o f f e r e d Anncd. Apr. h 1928-1931 April 28 Jan. 19U8 1952 19U1 July.19b5 101 105.30 103 101 i A 102 3 A i 105 1 1 1 . May U May 18 | : 3/ 1985 3 1/2 1983 U ?Tay 10 ' April 1953 10U.86 1963 1965 1972 May March Dec. April 102 1/2 102 3A 102 i A ?. 85 2 3A 3.10 25 19U8 1950 1952 June 15 Sept. 1953 5.U :1967 h 1/8 July Oct. 192*5 Oct. 1952 102.50 38.5 H1980 h 1/8 35.0 :I960 5 2.0 :L980 U 3A September 1 Feb. 1930 1952 LOh 1/2 :1965 3 3A 103 3A z H.Ik '.4i- l / Includes i s s u e s with proceeds f o r r e f i n a i c i n g purposes of 7 . 5 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s and over since A p r i l 1, 1955. vJhen the volume of a new i s s u e exceeds the t o t a l amount to be refunded, the d i f f e r e n c e i n proceeds i s to be used f o r new c a p i t a l purposes. 2 / Bonds of the New Orleans {Jreat Northern Railway Company. 3 / To refund various outstanding bonds and notes maturing 1958 t o 1972 with coupon r a t e s of 3 l/U to h 1/2 per cent. The bonds are i s s u e s of the Riegel Carolina Corporation,•and one note i s s u e i s from the Riegel Woodlands Corporation. •a—Private placement. n.a.—Not a v a i l a b l e . EXHIBIT A H I G H - G R A D E BOND YIELDS Weekly U . S . GOVERNMENT 1954 ~1 Date 1 ' Corporate Aaa 1/ : Spread between 1 U. S. Govt. ' ! State and l o c a l U. S. Govt, and 1 J long-term 2/ | govt., Aaa 3/ 'Corporate State and 1 ™ 1 Aaa ; local Aaa (Per cent) 195U - High Low 1955 - High Low ! 3.03 ( 1 A ) 2.91 (2/15) 3.U2 (6/19) 2.99(1/9) 3.09 (1/3) 1 2.55 (L/23) | 3.05 (6/2k) [ 2.91 (1/7) 2.79 (12/27) 2.56 (5/17) 3.15(6/6) 2.78 (12/26) 2.7U (1/9) 2.!iL (3/7) 2.73<6/2L) 2.62 (1/7) 2.00 (10/23) 1.45(5/1) 2.73 (6/25) 1.98(1/9) 2.21 (.6/10) 1.90 (9/2) 2.11 (2/10) 2.05 (5/26) ::ay 27 June 3 June 10 June 17 • June 2U | 3.05 3.05 3.0L ,'3.05 [3.05 2.75 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.03 2.09 1952 - High 1953 - High 2.7U 2.75 2.73 T / "Ycskly average of daily f i g u r e s . ' .37 .19 .38 .19 .13 .32 .3U .2U 1.02 . .71 .BU .30 .61 .29 .70 .5U .30 .31 .30 .30 .27 .70 .63 .67 •A? .69 Average terra of bonds included i s 25-26 2/ Y.'sckly average of daily f i g u r e s j old s e r i e s . Average term to f i r s t c a l l of bonds included i s 13-lii years. -3/ Thursday f i g u r e s . Only general obligation bonds are included; average t e r r Ts 20 years. Mote.—Highs and lows are for individual s e r i e s and may be on d i f f e r e n t dates for d i f f e r e n t s e r i e s . EXHIBIT B L O W E R - G R A D E BOND YIELDS Weekly CORPORATE Baa \ STATE AND LOCAL GOVT. Baa A Moody'. v V U-:, STATE AND LOCAL GOVT. REVENUE —1 •1 1952 - High 1953 - High 1951 - High 1955 - High Low ray 27 June 3 June 17 Corporate Baa 1/ ' 3.63 3.13 3.89 3.50 3.71 3.UU 3-1 J 3. a5 13.50 3.50 3.50 3.51 3.51 State and local £TQVt. Baa 2/ S.tate and local govt. (Per cent) dA) (5/16) (9/18) (1/2) (1/3) (12/31) (6/2L) (1/314) . 2.98 2.U3 3.79 2.?6 3.32 2.93 3.10 3.02 (10/23) (U/17) (6/25) (1/3) (1/7) (3/5) (6/23) (1/6) 3.06 3.C6 3.06 3.07 3.10 2.69 2. 27 3. 27 2.71 3.00 2.72 2.30 2.76 (12/19) (V?5) (6/26) (1/2) (1/D (8/13) .(6/2L) (1/7) 2.77 2.79 2.79 2.30 2.30 . age of dsily f? =-ures. Average included i s 25-26 years. 2 / Thursday f i g u r e s . Only general obligation bonds arcincluded ; average tern; i s 20 years. 3/ Friday f i g u r e s . Ave^ee -rat?r:g of bonds included i s between Baa and A; average tnrm i s 20 years. Mote.—t'Tishs and lore e-r» for i-dividMr.l be on d i f f e r e n t dates f o r d i f f e r e n t serisp. EXHIBIT C STOCK MARKET iiiiiil iMHIllilii 1952 1953 "I Stock price index 1 / ~ 1954 Trading . [ .Common j S t o c k market c r e d i t volume 2 / stock ' 'Customers'• Bank ( m i l l i o n s y i e l d s 3 / ' T o t a l debit- b a l - ! l o a n s t o !of s h a r e s ) ( p e r c e n t ) ! • ancas ± / '"others" 5 / | 1952 - High 1953 - High 19 5U - High 1.955 - High I«w April June 10 June 2U • 165-3 151.7 ! 157.1 lhU.O 221.U 156.5 251.1 217. It 1955 ( M l l i o n K of d o l l a r s ) (12/26) (10/2U) (1/2) (9/13) (12/31) (1/5) (6/2L) (1/lh) j 231. L 233.3 2L1.9 2h7.h 251.1 2.0 0.9 2.5 0.9 3.7 1.U h.6 2.0 5.77 5.13 ' 5.75 5:15 5.33 U. 20 U. 22 U. 12 1,936 1,301, 2,Wi5 2,055 3,k36. 2,U05 3,737 3,537 1,332 l,2ll 1,665 1,31b 2,388 1,653 2,70U 2,517 656 552 730 66L 1,0U8 7U6 1,153 1,013 2.7 2.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 a. i 2 • U.lii 3,735 3,737 n.a.. 2,70!, 2/8L n.a. l.Col 1,103 c/l,lLv - 1,153 c / Corrected. ~~ " ' ~ ' ' T / SEC i n d e x o f 2 6 5 common s t o c k s , w e e k l y c l o s i n g p r i c e s , 1939"1C0; cr.:v-2rted t o 19H7-h9=100 by F e d e r a l R e s e r v e . The c o n v e r s i o n f a c t o r i s 1 2 3 . 9 1 . 2 / Averages o f d a i l y t r a d i n g volume- on the New York S t o c k Exchange. 3 / Moody's 200 common s t o c k s ; end o f month, f i e u r o s . %f End o f month f i g u r e s f o r member f i r m s o f t h e "ev; York S t o c k Exchange which ca-ry™*margin a c c o u n t s ; c r e d i t e x t e n d e d on money borrowed f o r c a r r y i n g U. S. r,ovar".~ nent o b l i g a t i o n s . ' 5 / 7,'ednesday f i g u r e s f o r v/cekly r e p o r t i n g T.er.bur banks, excludes a l l loans • f o r p u r c h a s i n g or c a r r y i n g U. S. Governments f o r ' 1 9 5 2 ; s i n c e 1?53 o n l y t h e s e l o i n s a t banks i n "ev; York and-Chicago are e x c l u d e d . T.'eekly r e p o r t i n g banks a c c o u n t f o r about 72 p e r c e n t of l o a n s t o o t h e r s . n.a.—"ot available. M o t e . — ' ! i ? h s and lovre are f o r i n d i v i d u a l s e r i c - s and may be o:i d i f f e r e n t d a t e s for different series. ' Exhibit D H.14 Corporate and S t a t e and Local Government S e c u r i t y O f f e r i n g s and Placements (In m i l l i o n s of d o l l a r s ) New c a p i t a l 1955 Corporate 1 1954 1 1953 1955 January February March 5U6 43 6 1,261 547 1+26 635 623 623 666 535 312 #8 April May June e/500 e/900 1/650 k97 . 656 842 e/500 909 335 747 } . ! July August September October November December lst-quarter 2nd q u a r t e r 3rd q u a r t e r 4th quarter Year ,2,243 y'2,050 779 675 1,123' 427 a/350 e/675 483 325 753 e/500 1,003 290 604 577 429 l Z 1,438 y 1,608 1,995 1,991 1,896 7,490 1,912 2,578 1,^61 2,444 6,495 S t a t e and l o c a l 1 ' 1954 1 396 411 565 390 ' 360 426 734 748 853 329 649 434 279 261 649 519 259 475 594 423 877 453 408 774 1,372 2,334 1,188 1,894 6,789 1,176 1,412 1,253 1,636 5,477 • 1,385 e/1,450 v y , 1953 - E x c l u d i n g f i n a n c e companies 2 / 1st quarter 2nd q u a r t e r 3rd q u a r t e r 4th quarter Year 1,791 e/2,000 1,527 1,927 1,911 1,792 7,158 1,669 1,991 1,223 2,344 7,227 2 / : T o t a l new c a p i t a l i s s u e s excluding o f f e r i n g s of s a l e s and p e r s o n a l f i n a n c e companies. o/ Estimated. ' f l o t e . — D e t a i l s may n o t add t o t o t a l s due t o r o u n d i n g . Hilii Exhibit E Large Public Security I s s u e s f o r New Capital (Other than U. S. Treasury) l / Proceeds of Large I s s u e s Offered (Millions of d o l l a r s ) Month May June July August September October November December 1 9 # - January February March April • May 195U Corporate 1 J S t a t e and j l o c a l government 32h 350 Ull 75 36U U33. 0 121 lUl r/63 "750 175 U83 557 603 92 86 U55 388 268 689 3Ul 107 337 238 152 Other 2 / 30 35 15 Large I n d i v i d u a l I s s u e s Offered June 1 through 2h Type 3 / , Amount Coupon (millions rate or Offering of I Maturity n e t i n t e r yield d o l l a r s ) f' e s t cost I ; | '. iRating I CORPORATE Virginia E l e c t r i c and Power Company Southern C a l i f o r n i a Edison " Southern New England Telephone and Telegraph Oklahoma Gas & E l e c t r i c Consolidated Natural Gas Baltimore Gas & E l e c t r i c People's Gas Light & Coke 1st &ref.bds. 25.0 1985 3.25 3.20 Aa Conv. deb. U1.0 1970 3.25 . 3-25 A Deb. 1st mtg. bds. Common s t k . Common s t k . Common s t k . 20.0 15.0 22.9 17. U 15.7 1989 1985 3.25 3.25 3.20 3- 20 Aa Aa STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1 Houston, Texas New York City Housing Authority S t a t e of North Carolina G. 0. 12,5 1956-80 2.U7 1.20-2.65 A, G. R. G. 0. 27.2 11.0 1958-03 . 1957-75 3.01 l.?6 1.75-2.78 1.20-2.05 A Aa H.lU E-2 Large I n d i v i d u a l Issues Offered June 1 through 2h (Cont'd) Issuer Type 3 / Coupon. Amount Offeringi r a t e or (millions Rating Maturity| net i n t e r - yield of !1 e s t c o s t 1 dollars) - STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1 (Cont'd) Baltimore, Maryland Galveston Co. Navigation D i s t r i c t , Texas Minneapolis, Minnesota Florida Turnpike Auth. Texas Turnpike Authority Kansas City, Kansas Prince George's Co., Md. Dade County Port Auth., Florida Cleveland, Ohio Tacoma, Washington S t a t e of Connecticut Pennsylvania General . S t a t e Authority 1956-814 : 2.15 1.05-2.30 Aa 1957-91 1956-75 1995 1980-95 1956-70 1956-75 2.93 A Aa 3.32 2.93 2.06 2.77 1.U0-3.002' 1.15-2.10 3.25 2.80-2.90 1.15-2.10 1.25-3.05 Aa Baa 12.1 1979 1956-75 13.2 i5.o- • 1959-89 20.0 1958-61 3.23 2.0k 3.02 1.62 3.15 1.20-2.20 1. 85-3.10 1.U0-1.63 Aa Baa Aaa 50.0 2.70 1.70-2.75 G.O. 2U.7 G. 0. G.O. Rev. Rev. Rev. G.O. 6.0 2.2 -7U.0 $8.5 7.0 6.0 Rev. G.O. Rev. G.O. L.L. = 1958-82 • — — OTHER None r / Revised. ' ~~ 1/ Includes corporate and other s e c u r i t y o f f e r i n g s of IS m i l l i o n d o l l a r s and , overj""state and l o c a l government s e c u r i t y o f f e r i n g s of 5 m i l l i o n and over. 2 / Includes f o r e i g n government and I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bank f o r Reconstruction and = Development i s s u e s . 3 / In the case of S t a t e and l o c a l government s e c u r i t i e s , G.O. denotes general obligation5 Rev., revenue bonds; G.R., general o b l i g a t i o n s a d d i t i o n a l l y secured byf a c i l i t i e s revenuesj and, L.L., limited l i a b i l i t y o b l i g a t i o n s secured by pledge of designated revenues, h / Subject t o award. C Exhibit F H.Ii; Forthcoming Large Public S e c u r i t y Offerings f o r Mew C a p i t a l (Other than U. Si Treasury) 3 / Expected Proceeds from Forthcoming Large I s s u e s Subsequent t o During month following computation Corporate 1954 - June 30 July 30 Aug. 31 S e p t . 30 Oct. 29 Nov. 30 Dec. 31 1 9 # - J a n . 31 Feb, 28 Mar. 31 Apr. 29 May 31 June 30 S t a t e and Other 2 / l o c a l govt. 336 100 33k 343 15 94 184 16 710 211 425 160 67 86 54 300 383 136 66l 56? 682 524 208 116 339 3hb Corporate 30 S t a t e and Other 2 / l o c a l govt* 1,52k 1,553 1,876 2,158 .1,957 2,682 2,144 1,961 1,978 2,009 1,917 1,861 1,845 532 303 608 1*12* 135 246 216 422 1,395 922 1,141 850 830 30 30 35 Forthcoming Large O f f e r i n g s , as of June 24 Issuer Type Amount Approximate date (millions of o f f e r i n g of d o l l a r s CORPORATE Merritt-Chapman & S c o t t Corp. American Natural Gas ^ I l l i n o i s B e l l Telephone Goodyear T i r e and Rubber American Telephone and Telegraph ' Southern C a l i f o r n i a Gas Freedom Insurance Co. Deb. Common stock lst.mtg. bds. Common stock Conv# deb. Bonds . Common stock .June 29 J u l y 21 July August f 1955 1955 1955 25.0 37.0 30.0 50.0 650.9 40.0 22.0 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT f !I D a l l a s , Texas Maryland S t a t e Roads Commission Nassau County, New York Dayton, Ohio, School D i s t r i c t •aTulsa, Oklahoma New York S t a t e Thruway ^Alabama Highway Authority G.O. L.L. G.O. G.O. G.O. G.R. n.a. 10.0 25.0 19.2 12.0 5.4 125.0 15.0 ' 5.1 % June June June June July July July July 27 28 29 30 6 12 12 12 H.Hi F-2 Forthcoming Large O f f e r i n g s , a s of June 2b (Cont'd) Type Amount ( m i l l i o n s Approximate date of o f f e r i n g of d o l l a r s ) STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (Cont'd) Pierce Co., Wash., Taccma Sch. D i s t , « S t a t e of Ohio Public Housing' A u t h o r i t i e s •^Denver, Colorado Connecticut Expressway Inter-American Center Auth., F l a . Michigan Turnpike AuthorityS t a t e of Louisiana I l l i n o i s Turnpike Authority Texas•Turnpike Company Springfield, .Illinois Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Sanitary Authority C a l i f o r n i a T o l l Bridge Authority J e r s e y City Sewerage Auth., N. J . "North Carolina Turnpike Authority Rev. n.a. Rev. Rev. Rev. n.a. Rev. Rev. Rev. . Rev. Rev.. 8.3 52.0 121.5 12.0 100.0 60.0 186.0 80.0 390.0 ll;0.0 9.0 85.0 235.0 16.0 200.0 J u l y lit J u l y 20 J u l y 20 July 28 Summer 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 . OTHER None 1f Includes corporate and other i s s u e s of 15 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s and over; S t a t e and l o c a l government i s s u e s of 5 million and over. 2 / Includes f o r e i g n government and I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bank f o r Reconstruction and Development i s s u e s . n.a.—Not a v a i l a b l e . *—Included in t a b l e f o r f i r s t t i m e . Exhibit G Yia£ds on Mew and Outstanding E l e c t r i c Power Bonds, Rated 4a and A 1 / 1952 average' 3.16 13 3.35 1953 average 3.U6 16- 3.78 195U average 3.03 195U - January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.19 3.01 *2.93 2.99 3.00 *3.00 None Hone 3.02 3.03 None None 1955 - January February March April *3.15 *3.lU *3.17 None May 11 11 18 2h June 9 22 3 6 * -1 0 5 h 1 • — — 3 3 — — 10 3.20 7 12 ' 3.12 -3 2 -1 -10 -6 0 -2 -1 -1 -3 -2 0 — • 3.37 3.30 f lU 16 lUll 3.35 3.32 I 26 *3. 35 *3.20 3.05 3.10 3.1U 3.1U *3.13 3.11 *3.10 3.10 None 3.11 None *3.23 3.29 3.31 13 7 8 3.22 0 Bering yields . Aa-rated c>ffering y i e l d s Amount above Amount above Actual Actual (per c e n t ) seasoned y i e l d s (per c e n t ) . seasoned y i e l d s (basis points) (basis p o i n t s ) 1 Date . 16 10 • 1 1/ Covers only 30-year f i r s t mortgage bonds, as reported; in Moody's Bond Survey. Except where i n d i c a t e d , the a c t u a l y i e l d f i g u r e and the amount above seasoned y i e l d s are averages of o f f e r i n g s during the indicated period and of the d i f f e r e n c e s between these new o f f e r i n g y i e l d s aid y i e l d s on seasoned i s s u e s of s i m i l a r q u a l i t y f o r the same day. Average m a t u r i t y f o r the seasoned i s s u e s v a r i e s from 26 to 28 y e a r s . •a—Single observation, not an average.