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    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;This San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank conference explored the extent to which different economic variables behaved in a standard cyclical fashion during recession or were scarred in a more permanent, structural manner. Both cyclical and structural effects appear evident in the recession, suggesting that some features of the U.S. economy can benefit from stimulatory monetary and fiscal policy, while others are more permanently damaged and unlikely to respond to such policies.﻿&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
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      <title>Structural and Cyclical Elements in Macroeconomics</title>
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        <title>Economic Letter, 2012-18: Structural and Cyclical Economic Factors</title>
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