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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
rocheti ,-,n
r nch
ce ection
e•rvi
J
Indurtri
Amy Howes, womenic
From:
rn&
In,
rvice ,ecti n.
tri 1
'read, Director ar:en'L Branch,
rlara
Industrial -ervice Section.
o:
.ubject:
lIrG,4111v.ukee,
Visit to plant of HUMMEL AND DO'l
n and Irene Gibson,
2rly
e
conein. Inspected by tlertrud
"Tovember 7, 1918.
40apQn for visit.
ione for
The visit was made to advise regarding c ndit
district
the
in
r
wqnim I'cork. A government inspecto
n.
worAt
ying
h st reported that the company was emAo
)
Pe
recnif I nterviewed.
r. (!. T. !,arke, General :unerintendent.
to Klockein. Chief Army Inspector.
r. 0. J. Ftrey, Assistant Army Inspector.
rtment.
lee Anna cbabeck, Forewoman of stitchine depa
rgan17ation.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
r. J. . Rummel, President.
rr. T. ,. rioss, "Tics President.
MoKemen, Secretary ind Treasurer.
Kr. G.
There has been no rorganizati n for
11. c .itrbets.
cts.
8/31/18
P14441-12721:
in fibre conuse
for
s
disc
d
boar
For 1,/26,000 fibre
um guns.
tainers for propelling earges for 155
ipt of order
rece
r
afte
y
d
n
Deliveries are to begi
The contract
a
day.
00
50,0
and ',routed at the rate of
*hull be complete.d 1/15/19.
vumnel and Downing.
eroducts other thil ordnance.
About 0 of tve r,0-,1any's monthly outwit is for erdnance.
It ,olds no !:avy o- .ircraft eontr ctr.
The co7Imercial pror.zets formerly and at resent
tired 2rf, .-vte 'card 7,rLcking boxes mnd cartons for food
stuffs.
4A3ent feattiree resugidingp_es-joyment.
1.
Source and character of the labor amply.
The city of tAllop.ukee :trovides the labor. Very few
foreigners are emnlo ed. The women te. for the most
interesIed.
- art y(IwIg and seem induPtrious
2.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Numbers mmnloyed.
em-lo:,-ed. Of these
About 500 'len and 150 rorlen
w ren only 30 are on Ordnance 'fork, 22 ei-mnqny em -loyelso
and 8 government lnapectors.
Men and 'amen work the x“:.me number of b urea
to 9 boars 4nd 45 ninates cly. The 1,-Ire
totalling
are:
MonO;A; to •'1"1diAy
7:00 , to 12:00
to 5:30
12:45
1.raturday
7:00 'L."(. to 12:00
3212.:
tar hate rf?cently been extended from
The lunch
• 30 ninate 'eriod to a 45 .f.inute ,eriod, but the company
has not an yet extended the closiag ti.ic to 5:45, no
em:Joyeet virtually work only 9 hours and 45 minutes a
for 10 hours.
day, hut are
•
Wages.
Ti,-e rate*. :'omen eniAoyed by the cam -any r(?esive 200
an hour for a straight tPn hour day, molXing .'2.00 a dNy.
r. Tarim ptited tt.t the hie 8 si;our di-4y law had never
been mentioned to the c mnony. About 30% of the wmmen
are paid by the ti 'e.
ilovernmelat inspectors r‘tceive 200 an hoAr for 8
and time and a half for the two ourt over tie,
42.20 a 4,4y.
king
.1-
Rummel and nomming rfo.
74) of the Altof;ien 4re on piece vork.
lee* ratrs.
Fw:r dq) .- is the average length of time re-uired before
vorvm
mit on Piece work. ;amounts received on Aece
work average daily about aP follows:
Ltitching operation
0
Crea6ing
s
Printing
I.
Glueing
5.
':inimum
v2.75
2.50
2.60
2.25
./-aximum
A.75
3.00
3.20
uccupati-ne of ',amen.
throighoqt the rhop working on regular commercial
products are emplo;,ed in stitching, crelising, feeding
glueing, and helping
the printing presses,
various machine operators.
'omen doing OrdmInce Irork
ing, -,nd wrapping.
erw,ged in peeling, inspeet-
ilpAing. Fifteen oonen are at +work on this operati,n.
The work consists in knocking with 3 wooden hammer the
pante hoard discs from the large piece of paste hoard
from wtich they have been cut. The wilmen sit at benches
to do thin.
Iffepeptits. There etre eight government inspectors wto
out the dines throigh the following stAges of inepeeti,m:
I. Viewa examinati in.
2. Test for t,le.psness (.001 inch) with micrometers.
3. Test for diameter (5.625 inches) with a go and
no go g-uge.
4. Test for strength with a rullen compressed air
maehine.
s.
-one of t)ese occupations are replacement oneli
6.
Training.
fellor
Koremen
the w.men receive.
7.
orkmen give the only training Whieh
Amployment managep4ent.
Kr. Parke, General f'u erintendent, em loys both men sand
oremen arrange for tr.rsfere
vemen ;.ind pieties them.
and disekarge. NbeenteeE, ;Ir. not looked no.
S.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
verking eonditions.
Indurtrial relati no and eho-, nrr,rtices. lir. Parke
et.ted t , t ttere v. ad bePn no tricoble from organized
"umriel F.Ind :mxfling
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.4.
labor. He does have difficulty with high labor turnover, especially in the case of the men. The ro-Ien eemm
to be more st,ble.
l.ntq_nttrutl,ion &Jit *ho: 14Yot. The plYtnt from the
.%oint of view of c,,ristructin might be celled Lodel.
It is a new six Ftory steel frame and brick building
with abo,It ninety ercent ,xindow space. Lighting and
ventilati-n throlgoAt the plant are both excellent
l'actocy hl'iseWe nit.
The entire factory seamed clean
Find orderly. Apologist were made for a corner rhich
mclrewhat torn up because of a ner mach no being installed there. Itven this section did not seem articular..
ly untidy, indicating the st-,ndards of cle;.nliness and
order were camparatively high.
cciderq and h4tJ hazard. There lc gret, d' nger of
accident fron the unguarded staying or stitching rlich.nes.
les .6hubeck re orted that one accident had happened
neveral ye rr Ago, but th4t since then the thought of
danger never seemed to occur to the o:.ler' tore. It would
seen wise to attach peret,nent 'Ade guards to these
pAitching machines. Vorking conditiAls in general, however, appear to be conducive to good icath.
ignitt.tn and arvit ce features.
Toilet and washing facilities. These fAalities are
the sqme on all the floore of the blilding. In eaeh
case tv,ere Is a toilet roon with two enclosed, epringseat toilets. Just outside the toilet room there are
Porcelain wrsh tro-ighs with About 30 fLucets. At the
end of each troJgh there is a bqbbler fountain eonnected witertesian well.
mloek room. On each floor where women )2.1e employed
there is a good mired cloak room itouleped with individual
lockers and a few tablet %nd chairs. Those are also used
As rect rooms.
lunch room. A new lunch room is now being built on the
fifth floor and will be ready for occu-ancy within a week.
This is a roam about 25 feet by 75 feet and it very well
lighted and ventilated, It has recently been freshly
painted and is equipped with Omit fifteen small tables.
Mot drinks will be served here free of charge every noon
Medical care. The only provision made for Attlical care
conriete inthe keeping of a first aid kit in the office
of the foreman of the rtying machine room.
J.mmel md nowning Co.
c
endations.
1. Permunent guards should be
.
A
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
it •rm the st, ying macb Ines.
ere - ould be z• scientific --ltbod for first aid
treatment.
tai n.
The al'ove suggestl ,ne were mde to
AMY
Supervisor in . omen's lirAnch,
Industrial -ervice -eeti n.
IITIAD"!.;
Insrectr.
r•
rke•
311:hg
- r,,- .••'0
;
•
rodLotlou
'"oments Branch
Tneustrita ervice F.eetif:n
PTOM:4
Ilfinros, ibises*• Pr3rich. Inductrial :iervice
ecti-n.
To:
nAra M. Toad, Tlrector -omen's Branch, Induetrial
.ervice
,ubj.act:
citt to lant o
-iseonsin. Inspe
fak CsImpuly, gilwaukee.
de 1111074 /fovember 6, 11.
-*aeon i9r
The visit was made at the re ueet of a government inspee.
tor in the Aistrict iriv'o suggested that the Avice of the
P.oments !ranch Inigl.t be valuable.
Perfont,OVervAewed.
.!r. I. 2'. L. Cornell. superintendent.
Ar. 14, T. tudems, Chief Army Inspector.
c-ri,:-Atitzatt Dn.
r. 2. . Stretch, President.
r. F. 40 Jacobs, Vice iTeeident and ales Manager.
r. N. w. Rottman, :ecretary and Tre,leurer.
The present organisation is about fix year*: old. The
work on urdri4nee contrr!ets fun caused on rRorgunizatifm.
ClogVacts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
,
IA6178.1463
For 458,000
4/18/18
tong brqeits for cleaning rod on 1917
liveries to ethrt 6/25/18 and proceed
ode1 if..
at the rte of 150,000 per -onth until contrast is
campleted.
r11893.2043
i/13/18
Yor 2,000,000 tong brurhes for cleaning rod on 1903.
1917 V. S. Rifles. Deliveries to start uixty d4ys after
d'kte ol order 7ald contract to be complete by 1/1/19.
P16903..2792
10/22/18
For 3.000,000 thong brui*oe for cle nitv rod ()11 1903..
. Rifles. Deliveriee to start linety days
1917
after d4te of order iin(l ecntrat to be complete by 2n2/19.
.2.
i1wukee -'rush Co.
:algalla_alLtLAL:JI_Jrjalgaw
,t :)revent hboilt 50; of the 0 tput is for the A•ervince
nep-rt ent. The comnany has qo °Vier t,:overnment
tr%ctL. C!ommercial products r.an,if etired ere .kre floor,
street, and Iliffing brueles.
pent.
1.
Source and ertr;.,cter of the llibor sup ly.
Almost 11 the wt)men it,orkerc are joung 2,merican Girls.
There are a few Po1ii. wo en. All live in the city of
1.1 aukee.
"wnbers e-
1oyed.
There are bb,, tt 60 men -tnd 60 ,- f,amen em-,loyed. A-,prox•
iswittay 40 'o en are engived in Ordnance nroduct on.
3.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ffolrs.
Vets and women work 10 h,)urs
The hours are:
(Fty ;4;n0
55 'airs
a week.
Mende, to Frid/4
7:00 A.Y. to 12:00
12:45 11.. to 5:45
ts,aturday
7:00 A. . to 12:00
Tages.
imit.
ej
Coripuny
Government inspectors receive $2.40 & dog.
'lryiloyetts rf.c—sive the following wAkee:
C2.25 a day.
For trimming
2.25 a day.
or cli-ing
leer inspecting 2.25 a (14y.
neginners on h-nding and twisting are given a rage of
"n.00 while leAening.the op-rations, ,0,ieh usual y re•
role siboA a week. They :ire then Alt on piece rate.
'Ruining' on piece -rork average $e follows:
?time
'ending
Twisting
:1.50 u day.
4.00 a di.
of-oupatione.
he ot)erations performed by .cylen are as follows:
.3.
Milwaukee lirush Oe.
ending. This eperati-n Lc perfoned on a email punch
press. A braes wire :...it five inches long is inserted
half itc length in the iie,.(1 of the brush. As the press
doseends the Lead is forced town a small opening so that
the extending wire is bent double.
• Yro:n the bending operation U,e brushes are
en o the twisting machinee. These wer- invented by
)Ir. "ornell the Superintendent. -ere the head o! the
brush is plead in the tall end of the machine and the
utre end left free. The women than insert the bristle*
between the tryo pieces of wire. These are distributed
the length of the wire by hand and then the wire wad Is
fhotoned in the head of the maehines. The head of the
traohine revolves rapidly, twisting the wires 'phi& hold
the bristles. The movment is controlled by a foot
lever.
The wire ends lel& project beyond the bristles
are cliped off on mnall automatic screw maehines.
The trimming machines are Mr. Cornell's own
*. The main part of the machine is a hollow cylinder
about two inebes long and one inch in diameter. Insi
the cylinder are mnall blades. The brush is inserted
in the center. As it cease in cnt'..ot vith Us revolving
blades, the bristles are trimmed to the correct size.
inialittalaL•
The women engaged in inspecting examine for:
height.
a.
brush part.
of
Length
b.
brush.
of
c. Diameter
of bristles.
distribution
C. ',Yen
6.
Training.
The only trtining which the vat-ken receive is given by
the for ten.
7.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
71nploymeat seaaagement.
Zr. r'ornell, General 1.unerintendente employs both e ten
and worten. !re aloe places theme arranges transfers,
and discharges them4 Transfer methods are very sjmple.
If an traria** grows tired of one oeenpatione she is
permitted to &lenge for q short neried until she is
rested. Turarrer among warlen is enormous. "r. r7ersell
did not estivate it In oercent but granted that it was
hampering production. 'Te believes that the principal
reason for this turnover is the fact that to many of the
women are married und haw no real interest in the work.
Ye does not consider t.Y%t tie company is at fault.
•
.4.
Milwaukee Bruc.h Zo.
8.
orking c6nditi ns.
AfiVstrita relatiolle 0414Okop ;,r4ctices. helot' 41e
between e4;loyer and emplo,jee ax;.. vex-Li ir,formal. rr.
Cornell Y4nd1es all luestions of discipline and will not
. aryone else to superintend. Tre prides h mself on
7diow :
being lenient to those whom he cneiders deserving of
leniency.
- r atart.tuLsa3....ALais The blilding is an
tgaa_s_j
aj
"-+
old one-story brick structure invery ly.4.d repair. The
long narrow room In 10441 the wo en work on the Ordnance
material is dnrk, dirty, and poorly ventilated. The
only light and Ai* in the room crae fr m five small
dirty -Indows at ti- e side and buck of the workers. The
company does no torn the building and for that reason is
unwilling to make rimy improvements. The fire hazard
lc greut. There is a largo mount of Inflammable ntortal in the sho, gangways are @congested, and exito %re
few and hqdly located.
FrtptiorY Y:outiOceDiria. The factory ap-:eared to he in a
very dirty coition. floor space is b dly cluttered
and the entire shop is poorly kept u-.
\çcgcn
id hlallbpeipard. On accc;unt
of the rork there le little .J1ger from
lwn complain
operati ins. •,ome of
sore. No
hands
and bristles make their
worn by the woven.
of the nature
the =Lein!
th'it the wire
uniforms are
lt,
ZAaLImilipm.ang-LazisijmAimu
tled by the
The Uilet and raehinit
women engged in
faoilitieL which re
(rdnance work consiet in an inside mull toilet roam
entaining two dirty toilets 7Jnd an old rlsty iron
tr• 40. The room it painted an ugly dark gray. There
is a mall co'Thinati n cloak, rest and lunch room. NO
special person seems to be responsible for keeping this
clean. The wen i7enera1ly eat lAnch in the shop.
There it
o ;,rovlsion for nedical cre.
Community conditi ne.
Al'. the orrployees live in the city of llisaukee. Trolley
lines ran vit)in a e'onvoniAnt distanee fre.1 the plant.
_Aapmend:Ai ns.
1.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
There Elould be a reorgtni7ati'n of employment methods.
new fully e,!uipped toi et and wash ro a'Should be inat lied.
A
-11.-kuukee TTush 'so.
1.
4.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
comfortable rest room thluld be nirni&ed.
7entilattou in the pork sl,o, etlf3uld be i Droved.
7Ye above recommenetionE werf. discussed with Mr• Cornell,
expreseed appreoiation of the aseist.u,
.ierintendert v;
anee offered 4 tIle omen's Br
AY HIM.%
, nranett,
'
Supervisor in Tamen
Industrita .ervice Seetion.
14:
Inspector*
nB:re:bg
Production
'omen's Br nch
Industrial ,:ervice ectim
From:
Amy Herss, *,omen's Br:Inch, Industrial service ,ecti-n.
To:
Clara
Te4d, Arector omen's Branch,
Industrial Service Atcti n.
,ubject:
Visit to plant of
MilwAnkiAL Wisconsin.
rfetwber 31, 1918.
Inspected by Gertrude Bruyn,
14olsgn for visit.
The visit was made at the re,-Inest of a Government
Inspector in the district who reported that Innen
were lhorking in this plant I:rid suggested that the
advice of the cimenie Branch might be of value.
Perrone interviered,
r. George
- arkham, President.
r. Arthur Ilank, Government Inspector.
r. Robinson, Ship.ping Clerk.
r. Curly, Assist/int Government Inspector.
lass Bessie Lawrence, 'Forewoman of Government Insvectors.
2nanitation.
-r. Gorge P. Wiarkbam, Prepident.
r.
Winkler, Vice l'resident.
r. . J. Hanson, ::ecretary.
The com:)any was org nise4 in 1909 and there has been
no 11,ecial reorglnization for war contracts.
antrfiptsv
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GA208 for n0,000 brass c;krtridge cases for 4.7
1-,owitzers. reliverios to start four months
from receipt of order .nd contract to be ems.'
nthe After that d.Ae.
7leted three
01379-757 for 1,500,000 Mark II cartridge cases for
30, 15 pounder guns. Deliveries to stnrt January
15, 1918 and roceed at the rate of 9,000 /. day
until the
ntract is completed.
i:ederal
reared
te 1 Co.
-2-
10460-2088TV for 68,500
I Livens projector
gas shell. ieliveries to st;rt July 31, 1918 and
contract to bi- cleted by J,nuary 1, 1919.
11902-2217T, for 13,500 w_is c,linders attachments to
1-Acementsots. Dolivf,riep to start 30 d,ys after
receint of steel and .)roceed pt the rate of boo a
day until the contract is cowleted.
rodlIction.
Delayed orodIction on these gas shell, ccording to r.
7arkham, is due to the fact that they have been unable
to lerfect A welding process. Only seven firms in the
United 'ttee are making these Livens projectors and all
are having the same troqble. A new forge vrelding furnace is now eing set nr and when that is completed it
is estimated that 100 Livens will be it outevery 24
hoi rit•
_Products other than ordnane.
At the present time the firm is doing 100,4 war work.
Before the war its commercial proclUctr rere pressed
steel and brass tanks for acetylene and prest-o-lite.
The camr,any has no contracts with other Government
departlents.
Salient lehtures reg.rtrding er:Dloxment.
1.
Eoures and character of labor Fuoply.
The labor supply is drawn entirely from the city of
Wilwaukoe. The men e-Ip1syees seem to be of a very
rough class but most of the women are of a higher grade.
light vomen employed at washing the cartridge cases ere
middle-aged, foreign women, rather coaree pnd hardened.
2.
Nuabere employed.
The total number of men emnloyed on all three shifts is
about 500. Abo,It 50 women are employedl
3.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Hours.
:-.4tift I
to 3:00
7:00
(5 minute lunch noriod)
Ehift II
3:00 P.N. to 11:00
(5 minute lunch period)
'1, 11eral Pressed . teel Co.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.Sbift III.
11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.k.
15 minute lunch period)
Women,
AnAaoyees of the Company.
Monday to ;:iaturdaY
7:30
. to 12:00
1:00 P.M. to 4:30
71mplo eon of the Government.
L;onday to ,.'aturday.
to 12:00
8:00
1:00
to 5:00
All vorking h ure for both men %nd ‘omeM tOtA, to
eight bnlirs a day and forty-eight hours a •eek.
4.
Wag's.
mAn.
Amployees of the company brAin on time rates of
$1.50 a d.y. It van impossible to obtain very aecurnte
information regarding Died* rates. el.50 mos given
as the minimum earning on pieee Tcyork qnd $12 as the
mtximum.
Government innoectors receive 0.50 a day.
.4r/ten. Company intviectors receive 42.40 a day and the
?.68. Government inspectors receive 12.50 a
vmshere
day.
Just rev.ntly there has been stage 4gitation concernIng
wages. !ri. ;:arkham stated that 4.ibout a week ago a
committee of lq,'en
by the comnany had visited
the General 6uperintendent asking for a raise in maims.
These women 'were employed on inspection and received
$2.40 a day. The request vas for a raise of ne a d4Ay.
'- :ven this would not bring their wages up to the same
amount that the eight washers nere receiveing, mhich is
$2.66. Ar. Welekham said the matter had not been decided
but also stated that be felt sure they rould not rs,ise
comvany inelltetors higher than government.
5.
uoeupatione of women.
Women are avoloyed st mashing and inspecting cartridge
eases.
Xight mmmen 17-Ish the finished cartridge cases.
There ftre two sots ef troughs, each set c,,,,taining four
tel Co.
Federal Pressed
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-4.
different solution, ,,nd one woman st Ids at eRch of
these F.inks. The cartridge eases %re trucked to the
trolxghs and the women immerse them horizontally in each
of the four soluti•ns, each ti e scrubbing the outside
surface with a stiff brush. The first eolqtion, is a
strong reap polder rolution, made of "Wyandott soap
powder", second, a weak seep powder solution, then
mars water, and lastly, hot water. The cases then dry
for six hours before they are inspected.
The inspection enerations (-,nbist in:
6.
a.
Vit*ual examination for
1. Dents
2. Scratches
3. Defective lAttal
4. Greasy surface.
b.
Tests for
1. Wall thickness
2. The diameter of the primer hole
3. The diameter for the counter bore.
4. The depth of the countre bore
5. The diameter of the brise and dilmeter
of the 4,houlder.
6. 'Me height of the /loulder
7. The ghickness of the flange
8. The inside of dinmeter of :i.”101.
9. The length of over-A.1.
10. '11-'e diameter of murzle with ring gauge.
11. The diameter of neck with ring gauge.
12. The thicknesr; of base.
P. The cr)ncentricity of the primer hole.
14. The indent heipi-t throagh the primer hole.
;raining.
The foremen give the only training "4-irh the -,omen
receive.
7.
Nnployment management.
All women Eire ?.ired eitYer by Mr. AiguRtus Johnson,
Chief eampany Ins actor. or by IT. Blank, Chief Army
Inspector. ''-here is no centralized employment agency
for the ,Iimen. There is in employment office to vhich
plen may apply, hut there le no definite person in Charge
there and the superintendents for the different shifts
Interview applicants.
Mr. Uarkham reported that the labor turnovr!r Eimong
the men during the summer had been u.plroximately
Federal
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reseed .teel Co.
-5
a m ,nth. He attributed this to the fact that a very
rough clams of labor was emnloyed and the employees
acquired the habit of working there three day, and
then laying off. He . opes tint in the cold weather
Vex-ft will be no temptntion totake suoh vacations.
Al fr as "r. l*rkham knew the turnover :Among women
has been small. ”r. lank reported that only twe
government inspectors had left since women were first
employed last spring.
S.
Working conditif,ns.
.p 4pv,cticer. A shop ma..
indUrtrialyelations and sho
nittee of women recently conferred with Mr. garkhma
regarding a raise in wages (see paragraph under 41,$).
The Federal Presued Lteel Company is not a Tamber of
the Milwaukee ilianufaetlrers' Association. It will not
join this associati n until the work on Government
contracts is co:-pleted.
1,1unt construqtion and ahop Wout. The main nart of
the plant iv a brick and reinforced concrete one story
rectangular buileing with about 50,,, window sp cc. This
was built in 1912. Just two m. nth!, ,g0 t ere was added
to this a new wing almost as large at the original
building. This it a steel frame brick building and
practically 90% of its wall svce is windows. The
whole plant now covers approximately to acres of ground.
filleting and ventilation in the old buildings are poor,
hut in the new part where the women work are excellent.
The building itself is fire-proof and the women are
located near two doors of the bi.o2 on the ground floor.
m throAghout the plant.
There is a sprinkler vyst,
Accident and health harard. No serious health or accident problems were noted. The inspectors have chairs
with b.cks and may Fit qt their work. The w'men eng - ged
in vmsling the cartridge cases are provided it,ith rubber
gloves and stand on woo''..n racks; so their fees are
kept in a dry PO dition.
"o uniforms are .rorn.
nitatin and service featur s.
Toilet and washing facilities. There is a new toilet
room ci)ntaining five enclosed toilets. Ventilation
here i good. Adjoining this and in one end of the
rest room there le a long wash trough with running cold
water. Paper towels and soap are provided. There is
also drinking rater in thir trowb.
4,Aeral Pressed Steel Co.
Rest room. The rest find lunch ro.lm, at one end of
which is the w71shing tro40, is a room about 20 by
50 feet just newly painted. It contains tables hnd
benches where tYe women eat Veir lunches. At present
clothes 1- ang on hooks around the edge of the room, but
thiP room and
lockers are being built just outside
these
!;rovide individual locker space for the
women. There is A very small dressing room next to
this row of lockers.
Aidical care. The only medical care given the ,,mployipes
is administered by one of the men eloyeee who owls a
first aid kit. 'Ir. Blank reported t'.:t this W4s a very
To his knowledge, however, there had
poor arrangement.
been only two vary minor accidents to w-lien und tt'ese
were small scratches from rugh brass.
9.
Community conditions.
A trolley line connecting with the center of the city
rune within three blocks of the plant. lost emploiees
travel on this to and fran work. The trip takes aboA
holr.
econrd.Li
a.
1.
Etudy ahould he wade of cause fur t1.1c 'igh tarnover
of 71en an the feasibility of :iubvtituting wrmen for
tf'e çrt1.1. press operAti hos
2.
A first aid room elould be ("Quipped.
3.
There should be running hot uttr in the wash trough*.
Alaiaatic•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
These recommendations were discuseed rith Mr. Rrkheam
and the assiet,Irce of the women's PrrInch offered.
A;01 HE
Supervisor in ';omen's Branch,
Industrial EArrvice :Jection.
By:
WIRTRUDIT BRUM Inspector.
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
)
PRODUCTION DIVISION
23
SEVENTH AND B STREETS NW.
WASHINGTON
Answer should be addressed to"
oopy
Section,Production Division,Seventh and B Sts. NW.,Washington,D.C."
In replying refer to No.
.1'reon:
Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Womens Branch, Amy
Director. Chicago Jistrict OrInsnce Office.
—11,70'3
an. Clara M. Teed, Director, Weems Branch, Industrial Service
5ection,
SUPFLEMMNTARY FZPORT - Visit to GiehOlt Manufactu:irk; 3cimpanY
and NOT
STERN upgais OWANY, Milwaukee, eloconsin, inspected
by AvisTiig, :ctober 30, 1919.
MASON
Tp3 vT5IT
Theseclosley affiliate
tima of the pregress made in the
plants were visited to obtain laforma,
winFt litnd ermoloyment of womea.
LIAM 41STERNAweii)
Jr. •3. ,. Johnson, President
Mr. Bullard, 4uperintemdent of Instruction
Miss Koppke, instructor.
nalisW 3alt"
The GiClolt Company employs novmbout 140 worlr,
1114:
if these romcr. have bean trained in the vestibule school. The outline of
this cnrse it
beleu.
010.1111c e c9t17,10
1. Lecture on the various measuring scales used in weerine shcr work.
2 Drawing lines and measuring same within limits of 1/16th.
3 Drawing lines arid measuring game within limits of
4 Measuring cold rolled Ttock for lengths and diamteero usin3 both
scale an calipers, Limits 1/'64th.
Step 5 7,elsuring sa-ple pieces, letting: lentrth bore and sutiSde diamters
in 64ths, using scale, inside and outside caliper*.
Step 6 Lecture en micrometer caliper.
Step 7 i-iemeuring cold rolled af.ock, using scale and mierometer.
Step 8 Uemeuring sAmple pieces, using oale for length, calipers a..11 miere•
meters for inside and outside Rattan= di/Mier%
step 9 Sketchinp: nlug guage, milling outtor and snap guage, inserting dimensions in thousandths. Zxplaining use of thickness guage and
applying same in practise.
Step 10 Using bevel protractor, measuring standard threads. Calivring drill
sises, guagiag tapped holes and selecting machine screws to fit same. Using
depth guage. Inserting dimensions as indicated in drawing.
Ste, 11 Practise in reading drawings, review of tools and use of mimeo
Step
Step
Step
Step
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OW.
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE
OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
PRODUCTION DIVISION
SEVENTH AND B STREETS NW.
WASHINGTON
Answer should be addressed to
Section,Production Division,Seventh and B Sts. NW.,Washington,D.C."
In replying refer to No.
The firm hnn found this !shoal of infinite value in determingin
placement.
The rating the foreman accords the girls tater a week or two of employme
nt
inveriably coincided with the school rating, a fact whioh would seem
to
check up an the value of the school. The firm has not allowed the plan of
refusing to put girls who fail in tha school to work because they do not
wish people to 1,
1eve the plant with a grievance. But girls wino fail in the
school rarely 1,1at and uutall) quit voluntarily within a week. (A sample
rating card is filed in +he 30cord .1.1orm ?elder.)
At the preset.,t tins wen are g,racuated froL, the ochool into the shop. This
week they exneot to put a woman through a part of the course in the ass's
service school. This will be begun by having a woman take a lathe apart
and recemetruct it and tlirgrind a complete Let of tools. If thiz emceed.,
they will put more women through thia training.
The course for met. is as follows:
1. Dismantling L lisolt t-;c1.Grindinz elahins to learq its construction,
2. Assembling, adjusting, and oiling the grinding machine.
3. Grinding a sek ef standard tcels ca the Lrinding machine to learn
clearness and rake.
4. Bris'ling wid cleaninr thr zrinding machine to toon oars And n'atness
.
59 Dismantling ta
standard belt-driven Gisholt turret lathe.
6. Scraping bearinge, Vs, etc. for uee in overhauling machincry.
7. Asse-414!..n, a0justinl
cilin ti lithe to learn vonstre44ion und
care.
8. Operating the lathe to be familir with all of ito movements.
9. Hcavy cuts on .1.2R-in, stnndmre belt-del/my tholt 17xthft (7) is
oution.
le Placing tools on lathe is pr layout sheet for maohinin oouniwarshat
pulley.
11 Operatilg 28.in, lathe on counterpart pulleys, as per time study.
12 Dismantliae tool setup to teach proper disposition of tools.
13.Cleaning lathe and tools to trush care and nentnosm
14 3oring jaws on en lip.31-in, staniA:
.4 motor.driven Oisholt turret lathe
for practise.
15 Cutting ihreade on lathe to learn methpd and practise.
16 Turning tapers on lathe to learn method and prestige.
17 Placing tools on lathe as par layout for drIliing, 14oring, reaming
and
turning a steel piece.
18 Operating the machine on a steel pekes for experience on etch
work.
19 Dismantling sot-up andoleaning tools to teach care and neatness
.
20 Placing tools an the machine as par layout sheet for asking
crosshead
pins frem bar stock.
21 Operating =Ghia* on crosshead pins for experience with
bar stook tools.
22 Dismantling ans cleaning up tools to teach care and
neatness.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
PRODUCTION DIVISION
SEVENTH AND B STREETS NW.
WASHINGTON
Answer should be addressed to"
Section,Production Division,Seventh and B Sts. NW.,Washington,D.C."
In replying refer to No.
23 Caulking up macAno to teach care and neatness.
24 Istimating the basis for planning method and tooling ef work.
25. Taking a new man for a trip througie all departments ef the factory.
04, xi:
ItTlistniTliati 0;14MGE PUNT
At present men only are empleyed in the ordnance plant. If woer ars usad
later they mill came from ths Uishelt shop School. The management is unable
to estimate hov far the sxpansion will lo because of the unsettled war
situacion.
iliTkiL 72:
4.32:101T
21hen interviauwa in :tgard to ths installing ef a woman employment executives
Mr. Jehmeon esld it miGht be future calvslopmeht but would depend on the
continuance of the wars an .lso on whether women are employed after the
war. Ile stated that the company is 50 experiencd that in porsonnol matters
that evea if they sLould iastall an a wama!-A exsoutives they would not need
outside help in Using so but:ould take someons from the plant for the work.
AMY HIS
SupemIsc: iL WMAWS LrancA
Indust:ial 3erIice isctien
By
AVIS RING
Suporvisor in 7.mploymen., Uanagiement.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Production
-,omen's ranch
Indurtrial z.ervice -ection
r4neh. Industri:
.ervice z.ection.
Yrom;
Amy Hewes. %omen's
To:
rr. eAara M. Told, Areetor -omen'e 3ranch,
Industrial f.ervice Section.
-ubject:
:
Visit to plant oft-ARIM AN.D Lulaz(TXli IWANY, Dubuque,
':ov
'"17-1192e-trliiii Hewes and !tuth
Iowa. In
E. Knowlton.
'leason for visit.
r..!Aayton of the ?roductim rivision requested an inspection of the plant. ft letter advising rest periods
had been sent and the visit wur. 1:.ade to follow up results
in regard to ruggestique made.
Pqrsons interviewed.
Yr. John Loetsct.er, :4cretary.
4iss Paley, Government Inspector.
Organisittion.
C. Leetsaher, President.
J. M. Burch, Vice i.resident and Treasurer.
A. A. Loetscher. Superintendent.
John A. Loetscher, Lecretary.
Fr4nk nein, Army Inspector.
Coptrakts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
149188-17565a
67,406 ammunitiJn boxes Browning Aaehine gun.
to start July 1, 1918, 1500 a day until
complete*.
or
9/11/18
P14820-25093a
l!rovning machine
the
for
boxes
tion
ior 125.000 ammuni
.
gun 't1917, water cooled
!Ieliveries: 3,000 boxes k day, to bogin 9/23/18. to
1-e completed 11/18/18.
Farley and Ivetscher ro.
.2.
Producti n.
Production on present contracts ie practically completed.
pork on the new contract will begin in the immediate
future.
0 dna
ethrdcs
The aotwany has contr-Lcts with the '.onstruction Division
and is making window saehes and door franet for the
cantonments. It aim) holdr 'avy aunts-lots.
eg
.
.
L nilijeapjaLata.
r
1.
rai4i
oirce and dharactor of labor sup:ly.
46 scarcity of labor was retorted. The mowen employed
are residents of the town and live at home.
2.
Numbers employed.
.ten
'Ammon
600
160
no one under 16 is employed.
3.
Hours
TAonday to f':aturdly.
7:00 A. . to 12:00
. to 5:10
12:30
The hotre total ten ”er d:Ly and 60 ner week. Wen production conditions permit U'e schedule v.111 be 55 hours
with Zaturday half holiday.
Thirty minutes are allowed for lunch at noon. There hre
eriods for women of five minutes each, one at
and one at 3:00 F'.g. Notices of the rest
:0
-myriods :Are posted as "according to the Federal Ct4tute0.
In praetice they exceed five minutes. A majeirty of the
workers use the olnortunity to eat pandwicher, or drink
coffee.
4.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
They begin at 234e
The qmen are all naid atimo r.
a
in
few
and
cases to pe an
and are raised to 25, 274
an hnur.
hour. Until recently the beginning rate was
Time and Ane half ie not elven for the ten hour day.
20e
71-Aft majority of men are on tine rates
to #3.50 a dv.
average 43.00
arley and Loetscher Co.
5.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-3-
(:coupattins.
The TArovning Nmmunit on /;ox hap an swtside dimeneinn of
74 x 12+ x 4i inches and weighs ahwit five bounds when
completed. It is very carefully and strongly made. Mr.
ixpetscher said that they had been putting out too finished a product and hereafter as a result of Washington
conferences would aim more for quantity orod'tcti n.
The 0-erati ns the women perform may be divided into
for grou s, (1) Putting on the lid, (2) Puttying,
(3) Painting, (4) i-itting. 14omen do some inspecting
and assist in packing.
The work is performed by kroups and the box is passed
along from one to another for the successive steps. In
fitting on the lid women ire em7loyed as follows:
1. it lid on box 4nd see tht lock c,Atches.
2. Drive two nails to fasten lid.
3. Drill holes for screws in cover. (rne ,,
; ornan
,does this by hand.
4. Saw lid for hinge - one woan.
5. Put on hinge - 1crewe Pre driven in by a
ecrew driving macAane in two operntione.
The nutty ir ;tut in around the corners And edges with
fingers.
A first inspectic,n by company and government is made
before nainting.
In the
jut spraying dep-trtment one wevntin blows out
the dust in the box tth compressed Far. The 1-Ixes are
sprayed inside and out with linseed oil and the outride
is painted dull gray to decrease visibility. -omen nut
the boxes on hooks of a revolving (mos which carries
then under a hood Where they tirr. sprayed by men. ..omen
remove the "boxes after they are sprayed. They also
touch them when paint in rubbed off. The boxes are
placed on trucks with shelves and unloaded on rneks in
the drying room by women. The shelves weigh approximato/y
thirty pounds and are lifted by two women.
In the fitting department the pins which hold the handle
are 2ut in and the leather handle is put on.
One woman is etaployed on the final government insnecti.n.
The texec are given a visual inspection and tented with
a gauge. Varinticin in inside dimensions of 1/16 of an
Inch is permissible.
Variety
6.
nd Loetscher
o.
-4-
Training and :11botitutin.
Training is not essential. It'e worker doer the work
as well kt the end or the first d.ty as at the ene of
a month or more, necording to Ass Paley, an cy,ervtive,
orien f•avp
who had performed many of the onerati•ns.
been substitutd for young boye and old men to a great
extent.
7.
Imoloyment management.
'omen are employed by 4 1k*. Jack Loetscher, General Yoreman. 'Omen were first taken on In -wrist. nuring the
last two months it le reported that labor turnover has
very muCh decreased. The wage scale is high for the
town.
'orking conditimne.
The plant ennsists of two brick
-4101t con strIeti
hlileings connected by an overhead passageway. The
newer building is a five story firepreef brick structure.
ri exception is
The etop is cl4vin and well lintileted.
the paint spraying department dhere exhaust seams inadt•
quate.
ieeident hazard. The hazards appear small.
ne -ir ra4cbines are re uired to wear uniforms.
are working on saws.
_anjitatin
oen working
Vo omen
nd service features.
The main toilet room i on the necond floor in the new
building. There are four toilets and six bowls with
cold imter. On the third and fourth floor two toilets
and locker rovms are partitioned off, ef?,ell with three
open tot lets 6nd two wash 'howls.
The woilen object to the ooen toilets and as a rule use
the second floor room in the new building.
Tabler :)nd benches .re •placed in the locker room on the
second floor. The janitress made* hot coffee for the
women's lunch on a small gas stove.
9.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Community conditions.
Dubuque is a town of 43,000. The peonle are largely
well-to-de German farness. A trolley line connects the
different parts of the town.
-5
Farley and Lottscher co.
LluanIngAti_41.
1.
The exhaust on the nnint spraying macoine
made - ore effective.
2.
,Partitionv should be put i. to seunrate the toilets
in the old building.
/.
A time and output study sh-uld he mdo to determine
the most effective length and time for rest periods
wid methods of relieving choke points of production,
know to exist.
be
rtetion tAten.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The recommend:Ai - no above were made to Ir. John
LottnOler. If the plant continues to do work on *lea
women will be used the toilets will be rearranged. It
is ex7ected that the painting operati n may be omitted
from the new c.ntr'Ict. The tie study will be made if
the ,- -Aant fills its new contract.
AUY
Supervisor in -.omen's Branch,
infiuf!ftri I service Stet' n.
WITH R. KNO.71.r.;
•
Teepector.
@FedFRASER